mm
Class _JTlai_£i-
Book >N'^ 'x(q
CopightN" 1^5 J
COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT
/
AN
AMERICAN DICTIONARY
OF THE
EMC^LISH LANGUAGE
EXHIBITING THE
ORIGIN, ORTHOGRAPHY, PRONUNCIATION, AND
DEFINITIONS OF WORDS.
/'
BY NOAH WEBSTER, LL. D.
n
▲BRIDGED FROM THE QUARTO EDITION OF THE AUTHOR :
TO WHICH ARE ADDED, A
SYI^OPSIS OF IVORBIS
DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS.
AND
WALKER'S KEY
TO THE
CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK, LATIN, AND
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
^x
Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the Year 1847,
By CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of
Connecticut.
Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the Year 1857,
By EMILY W. ELLSWORTH, JULIA W. GOODRICH,
ELIZA S. W. JONES, WILLIAM G. WEBSTER,
and LOUISA WEBSTER,
In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of
Connecticut.
PREFACE.
The author of the American Dictionary of the English Language has been
prevented, by the state of his health, from attending, in person, to its abridgment
into the octavo form. The work has, therefore, been committed, for this purpose,
to Mr. J. E. Worcester, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, who has strictly adhered
to the general principles laid down for his direction by the author. Cases of doubt,
arising in the application of these principles, and such changes and modifications
of the original as seemed desirable, in a work of this kind, intended for general
use, have been referred, for decision, to Prof. Goodrich, of Yale College, who
was requested by the author to act, on these subjects, as his representative.
The Synopsis of words of disputed pronunciation has been prepared by the former
of these gentlemen ; Walker's " Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin
and Scripture Proper Names" has passed under the revision of the latter.
The following are some of the most important principles on which the Abridg-
ment has been conducted.
The vocabulary has been considetably enlarged. It here embraces all the words
contained in the original work, and in Todd's edition of Johnson's Dictionary, to-
gether with such additional ones as have appeared to the author to be worthy of
insertion.
The leading and most important etymologies, as given in the quarto edition, are
here retained.
The definitions remain unaltered, except by an occasional compression in their
statement. All the significations of words, as exhibited in the larger work, are
here retained ; and new ones have, in some instances, been added by the author's
direction, as deficiencies, in this respect, have been discovered. The illustrations
and authorities are generally omitted: In doubtful or contested cases, however,
they are carefully retained.
In cases of disputed orthography, the principle, adopted in the quarto edition, of
introducing into the vocabulary the different forms in question, has been carried, in
the Abridgment, to a considerably greater extent. In most instances of this kind,
the old orthography takes the lead, and is immediately followed by the one pro-
posed. The u and k, however, are entirely excluded from such words as honor
and music, in accordance with the decided tendency of later usage, both in this
country and in England. In derivative words, the final consonant of the primitive
is doubled only when under the accent, in conformity with one of the best established
principles of the language. On this subject. Walker observes, in his Rhyming Dic-
tionary, " Dr. Lowth has justly remarked, that this error (that of doubhng the final
consonant when not under the accent) frequently takes place in the words worship-
ping, counselling, etc., which, having the accent on the first syllable, ought to be
vm'meu worshiping, counseling, etc. An ignorance of this rule has led many to
write bigotted for bigoted, and from this spelling has arisen a false pronunciation ;
but no letter seems to be more frequently doubled improperly than Z. Why w6
should write libelling, revelling, and yet offering, suffering, reasoning, I am at a loss
to determine ; and unless I can give a better plea than any other letter in the alpha-
bet for being doubled in this situation, I must, in the style of Lucian, in his trial of
the letter t, declare for an expulsion." In this expulsion, it is believed, the public
will finally concur, when they reflect, that this violation of analogv takes place in
iv PREFACE.
the derivatives of comparatively few words, in opposition to multitudes of instances
in which the general rule prevails.
As a guide to j)ronunciation, the words have been carefully divided into syllables.
This, in the great majority of instances, decides at once the regular sound of the
vowels in the respective syllables ; and wherever the vowels depart from this regu-
lar sound, s. pointed letter is used, denoting the sound which they receive in such
cases. When under the accent, the regular long sound of the vowels is also indi-
cated by a pointed letter. Thus, by means of pointed letters, the necessity of re-
spelling the words, as a guide to pronunciation, is chiefly obviated. In cases of
disputed pronunciation, the different forms are frequently given. But the Synopsis
of Mr. Worcester exhibits these diversities much more fully, and gives, in one
view, the decisions of the most approved Pronouncing Dictionaries respecting about
eight hundred primitive words, which, of course, decide the pronunciation of a great
number of derivatives. Those who are interested in such inquiries are thus pre-
sented, at a single glance, with nearly all the important points of difference in
EngUsh orthoepy, and are enabled to decide for themselves, without the expense
or trouble of examining the several authorities.
Li some instances, vowels have a fluctuating or intermediate sound ; and hence
there is a great diversity" among orthoepists in their manner of indicating the sound
in question. Thus the sound of a, in monosyllables, in ass, asi, ask, ance, ant, etc.,
is marked by some with the short sound of a in fat, and by others with its Italian
sound, as in father. In this work, the latter is given as the prevailing sound both in
this country and in England. Mitford, indeed, observes, in his work on Har-
mony in Language, " No English voice fails to express, no English ear to perceive,
the difference between the sound of a in passing and passive ; no colloquial famihar-
ity or hurry can substitute the one sound for the other." The true sound, how-
ever, is not so long as that of a in father, but corresponds more exactly to the final a
in umbrella. Being thus short, it is often mistaken for the sound of a mfat. There is
another intermediate sound of a, between its ordinary sound in fall on the one hand,
and in what on the other. This is heard in such words as salt, malt, etc. As this
sound seems to incline, in most cases, towards the short rather than the long sound
in question, it is here marked with the sound of a in what, though in many cases it
is somewhat more protracted. The sound of o, in such words as lost, loft, toss, etc.,
is not so short as in lot ; but, like the o in nor, though slightly protracted, it should
by no means be prolonged into the full sound of a in tall. In monosyllables endmg
m are, as hare, fare, the a is slightly modified by the subsequent r. Such words
ought not to be pronounced as if spelled hay-er,fay-er, but hair, fair. Perry alone,
of all the Enghsh orthoepists, has introduced a distinct character to indicate this
sound ; but it is well ascertained that Walker and others coincided with Perry in
their pronunciation, in accordance with the general pronunciation of England in this
respect. These remarks apply likewise to the words parent, apparent, transparent,
etc. In respect to accent, there are many words in which the primary and secon-
dary accent are nearly equal in force ; such as complaisant, caravan, etc. In such
cases, the accent is here thrown towards the beginning of the word, in accordance
with the general tendency of our language.
In laying this work before the public in its present form, no efforts have been
spared to make it a complete defining and pronouncing dictionary for general use.
About sixteen thousand words, and between thirty and forty thousand definitions are
contained in this dictionary, which are not to be found in any similar work within
the author's knowledge. These additions do not principally consist of obsolete
terms, or uncommon and unimportant significations of words. In most cases, on the
contrary, they are terms and significations which are in constant use in the various
departments of science and the arts, in commerce, manufactures, merchandise, the
liberal professions, and the ordinary concerns of life. They mark the progress
which the English language has niade during the seventy years which have elapsed
PREFACE. V
nee the publication of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary. Within that period, a complete
revolution has taken place in almost every branch of physical science. New de-
partments have been created, new principles developed, new modes of classification
and description adopted. More rigid principles of definition have been gradually
introduced into almost every department of human knowledge. In these respects,
however, our dictionaries have remained almost stationary. The labors of our lexi-
cographers, since the time of Johnson, have been chiefly confined to the introduc-
tion of new words into the vocabulary. In the work of which this is an abridgment,
the words have all been defined anew. The explanations given are adapted to the
advanced state of knowledge at the present day, and to the changes which seventy
years have made in the use of terms. In the definitions of the leading and im-
portant words, the signification is explained by enumerating the properties of the
object in question, and not merely by a reference to other words of a similar im-
port. In numerous instances, the distinctions between words which are apparendy
synonymous are traced with great minuteness; and it is hoped that the present work
may supply, to a considerable extent, the place of a regular treatise on English
synonyms. In a work of this kind, however, embracing, as it does, the whole circle
of ideas embodied in tiie language of a nation, the utmost efforts of the lexicogra-
pher are only an approximation towards the end in view. No single mind can
enter, with perfect exactness, into all the multiplied distinctions of thought and lan-
guage, among a highly civilized people. The author of such a work may, therefore,
confidently hope for the candor and indulgence of an enlightened public.
As the author of the original work has intrusted the superintendence of the
Abridgment to another person, he is not to be considered as responsible for any of
the modifications already alluded to. The quarto edition will, of course, be con-
sidered a^ presenting his exact views of the proper arrangement and exhibition
of words, in respect to their orthography and pronunciation.
JVew; Haven, June 1, 1829.
SYNOPSIS '-^Ci^ &^
OF
WORDS DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS AND REMARKS.
The object of this Synopsis is to exhibit, at one view, the manner in which words
of doubtful, disputed, or various pronunciation, are pronounced by the most eminent
English orthoepists. To these words a star is prefixed, as they occur in the Dictionary.
The six Pronouncing Dictionaries which have been made use of in the Synopsis,
namely, those of Sheridan, Walker, Perry, Jones, Fulton and Knight, and Jameson,
were originally published in the order of time in which they are here exhibited,
Sheridan's being the first, and Jameson's the last.
The work of Perry, which has been made use of, is his " Synonymous, Etymological
and Pronouncing English Dictionary," in royal 8vo., which was first published in
1805, and which differs, in the pronunciation of many words, from Perry's " Royal
Standard English Dictionary," which appeared many years earlier.
These orthoepists have each his own peculiar system of notation ; but as their sev
eral systems could not be exhibited in the Synopsis without much inconvenience, and
without causing great confusion and perplexity to the reader, their respective pronun-
ciations have been represented by one method of notation. As these authors do not
agree with each other with respect to the number and quality of the sounds of the
English vowels, it is impossible, by the notation here used, to represent, in every
instance, their precise difference. The cases of failure, however, are not important.
Perry alone makes a distinction between the sound of long a as in fate, and of a as
mfare, which last is marked by him thus (a). Sheridan, Perry, Fulton and Knight, and
Jameson, make no distinction between the short sound of o as in not, and the sound of
as in nor ; and Sheridan makes none between the sound of short a as in fat, and of
what is called the Italian sound of a as in far and father. Fulton and Knight, on the
contrary, not only make a distinction between the sound of a in fat and in far, but
designate an intermediate sound, as in fast, not so short as a in fat, nor so broad as a
in far. It is probable, however, that these orthoepists agreed in practice, in many
cases, in which they differed in marking the pronunciation of words ; and that, in va-
rious instances, they omitted to mark the discriminations in their dictionaries, which
they were in the constant habit of making in reading and speaking.
With regard to what is called the Italian sound of the letter a as in father, (in the
Synopsis marked thus, a), there is a great diversity among the different orthoepists.
Sheridan has npt used it at all, and Walker and Jameson are more sparing in the use
of it than Perry, Jones, and Fulton and Knight. Dr. Webster has made more use
of it than any of them. But this difference of sound is not deemed to be so impor-
tant as to render it expedient *o introduce the words which are affected by it into the
Synopsis.
With regard to the mode of representing the sound of the letter t, when it comes
after the accent, and is followed by u, as in the words nature and natural, there is a
great diversity in the Pronouncing Dictionaries ; and this applies to a numerous class
of words. It has been thought necessary to give only a few of these words, merely
enough to show the diiTerent modes of different orthoepists.
There is a class of words, in which the letter d is followed by one of the vowels e, z,
or ?/, as arduous, hideous, obedience^ &c., respecting which there is a diversity of pro-
viii , SYNOPSIS.
nunciation. A,j)art ^nly of \these -have been insertvCd, but enough to exhibit this
di^CTte%, lild »iri$icaJte whaf other*'^5^ds imi^lb3^a?fie*^e^ by it.
Th^e are some words of three syllables, which we hear pronounced sometimes with
the secondary accent on the first, and the primary accent on the third ; and sometimes
IC vj^^j^iA^is qrdpjL reversed ; as, ambuscade, caravan, and partisan. Dr. Webster inclines
V^^ generally to place the primary accent, in such words, on the first syllable; but the
difference is not thought to be important enough to render it advisable, in all cases, to
exhibit them in the Synopsis.
With regard to the quantity of the last syllable of many words which end in He and
ine, diS, juvenile and vulpine, there is a great diversity in the Pronouncing Dictionaries ;
and there are some cases in which it is difficult to say whether the long or the short
sound is to be preferred, and respecting which every one may, without impropriety,
be permitted to follow his own taste or the usage to which he is accustomed. Some
of the words of this sort stand in the Dictionary without having the quantity of the last
syllable marked ; and but few of them have been inserted in the Synopsis.
A considerable number of words are inserted, with regard to which there is only one
uniform pronunciation exhibited by Dr. Webster and the several authorities made use
of It has, nevertheless, been thought advisable to insert them, because a different pro-
nunciation from the one here given is countenanced by other authorities, or, to a greater
or less extent, by usage ; and it may, therefore, be satisfactory to many to see the
authorities exhibited. The words accessory, centrifugal, centripetal and repertory are
examples of this class.
Some words are inserted, of which the pronunciation is, at present, well set-
tled ; as, for example, break, covetous, hydrophobia and the noun defile. But with
regard to these words, a different pronunciation from that which is now established
formerly prevailed, and is supported by Sheridan.
It will be seen that, in many instances, there are several words of the same class oi
family, to which a star is prefixed in the Dictionary, though only one of them is found
in the Synopsis. In these cases, the leading or primitive word is inserted, which gov-
erns the rest of the same class ; as, for example, the pronunciation of acceptable and
fearful determines the pronunciation of their derivatives, acceptably, acceptableness,
fearfully a.ndfearfulness.
In the Synopsis, the vowels are marked, in many instances, by a period under them,
to denote an indistinct sound. These syllables are differently designated by the or-
thoepists here made use of; though they all doubtless agreed in their manner of
pronouncing them. In the word celibacy, for example, the vowels in the second and
fourth syllables, which are represented, in the Synopsis, by the indistinct sound of e (e),
are represented by Walker, Fulton and Knight, and Jameson, by the long sound of e,
and by Sheridan and Jones by the short sound of y. Perry marks the i in the second
syllable short, and leaves the y unmarked, as he does also the a in the third syllable,
which all the rest designate as short, and which has, in the Synopsis, the mark of
the indistinct sound of a.
Those words which, in the first column of the Synopsis, have not the pronunciation
marked, are pronounced in two different modes in the Dictionary.
Those words which are so long as not to admit of being displayed, at length, in the
body of the page, are there placed only in the first column, with Dr. Webster's pro-
nunciation ; and the pronunciation of the other orthoepists is given at the bottom of
the page.
KEY
To the Sounds of the Vowels as used in the Synopsis.
Indistinct.
A, fate, fat, far, fail, don'9-tive
E, mete, met, rev'?-ry.
I, pine, pin, clial'i9e.
O, note, not, ntr, mSve, tri'pod.
U, tube, tub, sat'urn.
\h as in tkin ; th as in this.
SYNOPSIS OF WORDS
DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS.
Webster. Sheridan.
A»DI-€A-T1VE, ?b-dik'k?i-tiv,
ABDOMEN, ?ib-do'men,
AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, ab'so-lu-tijr're,
AB'STRACT, a. SLb'strakt,
A€-CEPT'A-BLE, Sk'sep-tEi-bl, ~
Ae-CESS*, ak'ses,
A€'CES-SO-RY, ak'ses-sur-re,
AD-DIT'A-MENT, ad'de-tJi-ment,
AD-JU'VANT, ad'ju-vant,
AD-VER'TISE-MENT. i
A'E-RIE, a're,
A-GAIN', (a-gen') si-gen',
A-GAINST', } ,
(a-gensf) 5 ' ^
AG-GRAN'DIZE-MENT. 2
AlD'-DE-€AMP,
AL'COVE, 9]-kove',
AL'KA-Ll, al'k?i-le,
AL-MOST', Oil-most',
AL'PlNE,
AL'TERN-ATE, v
AM'BUS-€ADE, &ra-bijs-kade',
A-MEN', a-men',
AN-A-MORI'H'0-SIS. 3
ANCHOVY, 9n-cho've,
aN'CIENT, ane'shent,
A-NEM'0-SeOPE, an'e-mos-k5pe'
aN'GEL, ane'j?l,
AN-TI-Fe'BRILE, an-t?-feibrile,
AN'TI-NO-MY, iin'te-no-me,
AN'TI-PODES, an-tip'o-dez,
AN-TIP'TO-SIS, an-tip-to'sis,
AP-PULSE', ap'puls,
A'PRON, a'prun,
AU'UI-LINE, ak'w?-line,
XR€H-I-PEL'A-GO, ,
AR'DU-OUS, ar'du-us,
AR'I-E-TATE, ar'e-e-tate,
AR'ITH-MAN-CY, n-rith'man-se,
AR'0-MA-TlZE, 5r'9-m?i-tize,
AT-TRa HENT, at'tra-hent,
A-VANT' GUARD, st-vgLunt'gSlrd,
A-VOW'EE, ?i-vow'e,
AZURE, a'zhur,
Walker.
ab'd?-ka-tiv,
fib-do'men,
ab-sol'u-tur-re,
§ib-strakt',
ak'sep-t?i-bl,
ak-ses',
5k'ses-so-re,
ad-dit'?-ment,
ad'ju-vant,
e're,
El-gen',
Ei-genst'
ade-de-kSiwng'j
al-kove',
al'k^i-le,
ajl'most,
al'pin,
5d-ter'nate,
arn-bus-kade',
a'men',
an-cho've,
ane'shent,
Et-nem'9-skope,
ane'jel,
an-t?-leb'ril,
^n-tin'o-mp,
an-tip'9-dez,
an-tip-to'sis,
ap'puls,
a'purn,
ak'we-lin,
ar-ke-pel'a-go,
ar'ju-iis,
Ji-ri'e-tate,
a-rith'man-se,
ar'o-mfi-tlze,
at'tra-hent,
a-vant'gard,
av-ow-e',
a'zhure,
Perry.
aib-dik'51-tiv,
atb-d5'm^n,
ab'do-m6n,
ab'so-lu-to-r?,
ab'strakt,
ak-sep't?-bl,
ak-ses',
ak'ses-so-re,
^d-dit'ai-ment,
?-gam',
j-gainst',
Jones.
ab'de-ka-tiv,
5ib-d6'men,
?ib-sol'u-tur-?,
Fulton S( Knight
ab'd?-ka-tiv,
9b-do'men,
Eib-sor'u-tur-e,
ak'sep-tsi-bl,
ak-ses',
ak'ses-sur-re,
ad'd^-tsL-ment,
ad-ju'v^int,
a'er-e,
9-gen',
?i-genst'.
ak'sep-tai-bl,
91-kove',
ai'kai-le,
&ll-m5st',
ai'pin,
5il-ter'nate,
am-bus-kade',
a-men',
?n-ch5've,
an'shent,
5-nem'9s-kope,
ane'jel,
an-te-fe'bril,
an'te-no-me,
5in-tip'o-dez,
Ein-tip'to-sis,
ap-puls',
a'purn,
ak'we-lin,
ar'du-us,
ar'e-e-tate.
9l-kove',
ai'kct-1?,
Sdl-most',
ak'ses-sur-?,
^d-dit'a-ment,
ad'ju-vant,
a'er-?,
?-gen',
a-genst'.
ade-?-kSiwng',
5il-kove',
ai'ka-le,
gjl-most'
ail'most.
am-bus-kade',
a-men',
5in-ch6've,
ane'shent,
^-nem'o-skope,
ane'jel,
an-t?-feb'ril,
an-tin'o-me,
ain-tip'9-dez,
^il-ter'njte,
am-bus-kade ,
a-men',
5in-cho've,
ane'shent,
a-nem'o-skope,
ane'jel,
an-te-feb'ril,
an-tin'9-me,
jn-tip'o-dez.
ap'puls,
a'purn,
ak'we-llne,
ark-e-pel'fi-go,
ar'du-us,
ap'puls,
a'purn,
ak'we-line,
ark-e-pel'j-go.
Kr'du-us,
Jameson.
ab'd?-ka-tiv.
5ib-d6'mfn.
?ib-sol'u-tur-rf.
^b-strakt'.
£ik-sep't$i-bl.
ak'ses, ak-ses'
ak'ses-S9-re.
ad-dit'gi-ment.
ad'ju-vant.
e're.
it-gane/.
51-ganst'
ade'de-ka.wng.
9l-k6ve'.
aiksi-li.
ill'mSsL
al'plne.
ai-ter-nate'.
am-bus-kade'.
a-men'.
Ein-ch5've.
ane'shent.
ai-nem'9-sk6pe
ane'jel.
an-te-feb'ril.
an-tin'9-me.
an-tip o-dez.
an-tip-to's}3.
ap'puls.
a'prun.
a'kwe-line.
ar'du-fig.
Ji-rom'Hize,
at'tra-hent, at'tra-b^nt, at'tr?i-hent.
a-vant'gard, ^-vaat'gyard, ?i-vant'gyard.
az'ur.
Kzh'ur,
a'zhur,
?i-ritfi man-s?.
a-ro'm^-tlze
ai-vaung'gard-
av-ow-e'.
a'zhure.
BA€K-SLIDE',
BAL'€0-NY,
bak'slide,
b^I-ko'n?,
bak-slide',
b^I-ko'ne,
bak'slTde,
biil-ko'ne.
b^il-ko'ne,
bak-slIde
b?tl-ko'n?,
bSk-slide'.
I b5il-k5'n?.
( b51'k9-nt.
Sheridan.
I ^d-ver'tjz-raSnt,
Walker.
?id-vgr't}Z-ment,
Perry^
9d-ver't}:5-inent,
Jameson.
-vgr'tjz-mSnt
Jones. Fulton ^ Knight.
^d-ver'tjz-mSnt, ^id-ver'tjz-ment,
1 ad-v?r-tize'm?nt, ad-v?r-tize'm?nt, j '^^ "-^ ■•'" "* ' < 5d-v?r-tize'ra?nt, &d-v?r-tlze'm?nt,
ag'gran-dlze-m^nt, ag'grsin-dlze-m?nt i ^^ gr^n-dize-m^nt, ^g/gr^n-dize-ment, ag'gr?n-dize-m?nt, ?«-gran'diz-mSnt
i ag-gran'djz-ment, )
&n-5i-m9r-fb'ai3, an-?i-m9r-fb's}S, 5n-^-mor'f9-sis, an-si-rnqr-fo'sja, &n-si-in9r-f5'9is, 5n-?k-m8rf<Mil«
%
SYNOPSIS.
Webster.
Sheridan.
Walker.
Perry.
Jones.
Fulton 8f Knight. Jamesou
BA-NA'NA,
bj-na'n^i,
bai-na'n?.
bEi-na'nEi,
ba-na'na.
ba-na'na,
b^i-na'nji
BAN'IAN,
ban-yan'.
ban-yan'.
ban'n?-fin,
ban-yan',
b^tn-nyan'.
ban-yan'
BAR'RI-ER,
bar'ryer,
bar're-ur,
bar're-er.
bar're-ur.
bar're-?r.
bar're-er
BEARD, (berd)
. berd.
beerd,
beerd,
bSerd,
beerd.
beerd.
BF,TJ,ES-LETTRES
'■'l-
. bel-la'tur.
bel-let'ter,
bel-la'tur,
bel-la't?r.
bel-letr-.
(bel'let-ter)
BEL'LOWS,
beWus,
bel'lus,
bel'lus.
bel'lus.
bel'lus.
bel'oze.
BER'LIN,
ber-lin',
ber-lin',
ber'lin.
b§r-lin'.
ber-lin',
ber-lin'
BES'TIAL,
bes'chal.
bes'che-al,
bes't?-Etl,
be3'ch§-ul,
' besfty^l.
bes'te-§il
BE-STREW;
b?-str66'.
be-stro'.
b?-stru',
be-stro6'.
be-str5'.
bf-stroo'.
BIT'U-MEN,
1 bi-tu'm?n,
bf-tu'men,
bi-tu'men,
bi-tu'm?n.
bi-tu'men.
be-tu'mfn.
BI-TtJ'MEN,
)
{ bote'swane.
bote'swane.
bote'swane.
BoAT'SWAlN,
bo'sn.
b5'sn.
bo'sn.
/ bo'sn.
bo'sn.
bo'sn.
BoM'BAST,
bom-bast'.
biim'bEist,
bum-bast'.
1 bum-bast'
bum-bast',
bum-bast'.
bumibast'
BOOK,
book,
b68k.
buk,
buk,
buk.
bSSk.
BO'SOM,
boQ'zym,
j boo'zum,
( buz'um,
j boo'zum.
boo'zumj
bSo'zum,
b6&'zum.
Bourn,
boom,
borne,
boom,
borne.
b66m, home.
borne.
BOWL, (bole)
b5le.
bole.
boul.
bole.
boul, bole.
boul.
BR5CE'LET,
bras'lit.
brase'let.
brase'let.
brase'let,
braseaft,
brase'let
BRa'VO,
bra'vo,
bra'vo,
bra'vo,
bra'vo,
bra'vo,
bra'V9,
BRA-ZiL',
bra-zeel'.
bra-zeel',
br?i-zil'.
bra-zeel'.
brsi-zeel! ,
bra-zeel'.
BREAK,
breek,
brake,
brake.
brake.
brake.
brake.
BREECH, (brich)
breech,
breech.
breech,
breech,
breech,
breech.
BRONZ,
bronze.
bronze,
bronz,
bronze,
bronze,
bronze.
BROOCH,
brooch.
broch,
br6och,
broch,
brSoch,
brSch.
BROOK,
br66k,
br68k,
bruk.
bruk,
bruk.
brook.
BULL'ION,
bul'lyun,
bul'yun.
bul'yun.
bul'yun,
bul'yun.
bGl'yun.
BUOY,
bw§ly.
buoe.
boy,
bway.
bwoy,
bo?.
CA-CHEXT?,
ka'kek-se,
kak'ek-s?.
kai-kek'se.
kak'?k-S9,
kak'?k-se.
k§ik-keks?
€a'IS-SON,
i
kfis-soon'.
ka'sn,
kase-s86n'.
ka'es-son.
€AIS-S00N',
eAL'CI-NA-TO-RY.
, 1
CALCINE,
kal-slne'.
kal-slne',
kal-sine'.
kEil-sIne',
k^I-sine',
k^J-sine
€AM'EL-0-PARD,
kam'e-lo-pard.
k$i-m61'o-p-4rd.
ka-mel'o-pard,
, k^i-mel'o-pard
€AN'AL-€oAL,
ken'nil-kole,
k^-pil'l£i-re,
ken'nil-kole,
kap'pil-la-re,
kan'al-kole
, kan'§il-k6le.
kap'pjl-l5i-rf.
€AP'IL-LA-RY,
kfi-pil'l^-re'.
k^-pil'l?-re,
kap'il-l?r-e.
CA-PRiCE',
k^p-rees',
( k^-prees',
I kap'rees.
ksi-prees'.
k?-prees',
k?L-prees',
kgi-prees'.
CAR'TEL,
k^r-tel'.
kar-tel'.
kar'tel.
kar-tel'.
k5u:-tel'.
k$ir-tel'.
€ATCH'UP,
CAT'SUP,
j kach'up,
kach'up,
kat'sup.
kach'up,
kach'up.
kech'up.
€ATH'0-LI-CISM,
fcEi-thol'?-sizm,
ka-thol'e-sizm.
ka-thol'?-sizm,
kfi-thbl'e-sizm,
kfi-th61'?-sizm.
k^-thol'f-slzm
Ce'CI-TY,
se'sit-e.
ses'e-te.
ses'e-te,
ses'e-te,
ses'e-te.
se'se-t?.
CE'LA-TURE,
sp'Ia-filrf*
sel'a-chure
se'la-ture
sel'Hure.
sel'?-b§i-se.
CELIBACY,
oc; in. LUiCj
sel'e-ba-se.
sel'e-ba-se,
sel'e-ba-SG,
sel'e-b?-se.
sel'e-bsi-s?.
CEN'A-TO-RY,
se'n^-tur-?,
sen-tvifu-gal,
sen'a-tur-e,
sen'a-to-re,
sen-trif'u-g?il,
sen'^-tur-e.
sen-trifu-g^il.
CEN-TRIF'U-GAL,
sen-trif'u-gal,
sen-trif'u-gal.
s?n-trifu-g?l.
CEN-TRlP'E-TAL,
sen-trip'?-tjl, ,
sen-trip'e-tal.
sen-trip'e-t^l,
sen-trip'?-tjl,
s?n-trip'e-tsil.
sen-trip'?-t^.
CER'USE,
ser'use,
se'ruse.
se'ruse.
se'ruse.
se'ruse.
se'ruse.
CHA-GRIN',
sh?i-green',
sha-green',
sha-green',
sh^-green'.
shit-green',
shjt-green'.
CHAL'DRON,
chaw'drun.
cha'drun.
chai'drun,
chai'drun,
cha'drun.
chawl'drun
CHAL'ICE,
chal'is,
cLril'is,
kal'is,
chal'is.
chal'is.
chal'is.
CIIAM'OIS, (sham'e
i) sha-mo?'.
sha-moe',
sham'e,
shEi-moe',
shji-mo?'.
shai-mof'.
CHAM-PaIGN',
ch^m-pane'.
sham 'pane.
sham-pane'.
sham-pane'.
cham'pane.
sham'pane.
CHAP'E-RON,
. shap-?r-66n',
shap'?-rone,
chart.
shap'er-8Sn.
kart, chart.
CHART,
kSrt, chart,
kart, chart.
kart, chart.
chart, kart,
CHaS'TEN, (cha'sn;
) cha'stn,
chase'tn,
clnase'n.
chase'tn.
chasn.
chase'tn.
CHAS'TISE-MENT.
, chas'tjz-ment.
chas'tiz-mSnt,
ch^-tlze'raent,j^^g^,jj^.^g„
chase^iz-ment, )
chas'tjz-ment.
chas'tiz-mgnt
CHAS'TI-TY,
chase 't?-t?.
Chas'te-te,
chase'te-te.
chas't?-te,
chas'te-te,
chas'te-tf.
CHEER'FUL,
cher'ful.
( cheer'ful,
i cher'ful.
1 cheer'ful.
chger'ful.
( cher'ful,
( cheer'ful.
1 cheer'ful.
CHERUBIC,
ch?-ru'bik.
che-ru'bjk,
che-ru'bjk.
ch?-ru'b}k,
ch?-ra'bjk.
ch^-ru/bik
CHI'NA,
cha'n?.
cha'na, chi'nii,
chl'n?.
cha'nEi,
chl'n?, cha'n?,
chi'na.
Sheridan.
Walker.
Perry.
Jones.
Fulton Sr Wnight.
Jameson.
lUll'sin-ii-ttjr-?,
k^il-sln'a-tur-?,
k^l-sln'HT-J"?
f
. . .
^ . . . . k5il-sJn'5i-tvr-r
Webster
eHIRO-MAN-CY,
CHIV'AL-RY,
CHIVES,
CHOIR, (quire)
CHOP'IN,
CHOR'IS-TER,
CHRIS T-IAN'I-TY,
CLAR'ION,
CLERK,
CLl-MAC'TER-IC. l
CLOTHES,
CL6UGH, (kluf )
CLYS'TER,
CO-AD-JO'TANT,
CO'BALT,
COCH'I-NEAL,
COCKSWAIN,
COGNIZANCE,
COM'BAT,
COM-MEND'A-BLE.
COM'MENT, V.
eOM'MIS-SURE,
COM-MO'DI-OUS,
COMPATRIOT,
COMPENSATE,
COM'PLOT,
COM'PORT,
COM'RADE,
CON-FESS'OR,
CON'FI-DANT,
CONFISCATE, v.
C0N-FR6NT',
CON'GE, n.
eON-NOlS-SEtJR', k5-nis-so6r',
€ON-SIST'0-RY, kon'sis-tur-e,
€ON-SOL'A-TO-RY, kon-s6'la-tur-e,
eON'STEL-LATE, kon-stel'late,
€ON'STI-TU-TlVE, kon-stit'tu-tiv,
CON'STRUE, kon stur,
Sheridan.
ki'f9-man-s?,
shiv'5il-re,
shivz,
kwire,
sho-peen',
kwer'js-ter,
kris-tyao'f-t?,
klar'yun,
Mark,
kloze,
glis'ter,
ko-ad'ju-tEint,
kob'altj
kiich'in-eel,
kok'sun,
kon'e-zgins,
kum'but,
2
kom'ment,
kom'mish-Qre,
kom-mo'dyus,
kom-pa'tre-ut,
kom-pen'sate,
kom'plot,
kom-port',
kum'rade,
kon'fes-sur,
kon-fe-dant',
kon-fis'kate,
kon-front',
CON-SULT', n.
kon-sult',
CONSUMMATE, v. kon-sum'met,
CONTEMPLATE, kon-tem'plate,
CON'TEM-PLA-TOR. 3
CON'TENT, 71.
CON'TRlTE,
CON-VeN'IENT,
CON-VENT'I-CLE,
CON'VER-SANT,
Co'NY,
Co'aUET-RY,
CORD'IAL,
COR'OL-LA-RY,
COUR'IER,
C6URT'E-0US,
C6V'ET-0US,
CREEK, (krik)
CROC'O-DlLE,
kon-tent',
kon'trite,
kon-ve'nyent,
kon'ven-tikl,
1 kon'ver-sent,
' kon-ver'sfnt,
kun'ne,
kQ-ket're,
kor'dyal,
kor'o-l^ir-e,
koo'ryer,
kur'chus,
kuv've-chus,
kreek,
krok'9-dil,
SYNOPSIS. »
Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton 4' Knight. Jameson.
kir'9-man-s?, kj-rom'an-s?, kir'9-man-se, kir'9-man-s?, ki'ro-m5n-s?.
chiv'al-re, shiv'al-re, chiv'al-re, chiv'al-re, shiv'al-re
chivz, cliivz, chivz, chlvz, chivz
kwire, koir, kwire, kwire, kae'ur, kwire, koir, kwire
cho-peen', chop'in, ch9-peen', chop'in, ch9-peen'
kwir'}S-ter, \ ^or'is-ter, | kg^'is-ter, kwir'is-ter, kor'is-t?r
( kwir'is-ter, )
kris-che-an'?-t?, kris-te-an'e-te, kris-che-&n'?-t?, kris-tye-Sn'f-t?, kris'be-SLn'e t§
klare'yun, klar'e-un, klar'e-un, kla're-un, klar'e-un
klark, klark, klark, klark, klark.
kloze, klotnz, klothz, kl5ze, klottz, klot&z, kloze.
klou, klof, klof, #lof, kluf.
klis'ter, klis'ter, glis'ter, glis'ter, klis'ter.
k9-ad'ju-t^nt, ko-Eid-ju'taint, k9-ad'ju-tjnt.
kob'alt, kob'alt, kob'ult, kob'alt, kobilt.
kuch'in-eel, kuch'e-ngSl, koch'in-eel, kiich'in-eel, koch-in-eel'.
, -, , . «, , ( kok'swane,
kok'sn, kok'sn, < , -, ,
' ' I kok'sn.
kog'ne-z^ns, J ks^'e-z^ns, \ kSg'n^-^vns, j kSg/^e-zans, kon'e-z^s.
kon'e-zsins, ) " ( kon'e-zuns, )
kiim'bat, kom'bEit, kiim'but, kiim'bat, kom^bat.
kom'ment, kom-ment', k9m-ment', kom'ment, kom'm?nt.
kom-mish'Qre, kom-mis'shiire, k9m-mish'iire, kom-mish'Qre, I<9m-iiiis Qre.
om-mo e-us, I kom-mo'de-us, kom-mo'de-us, kom-mo'dyus, kom-mo'de-us.
kora-m5'j?-us, ) ' ' '
kom-pa'tre-ut, kom-pa'tre-ut, k9m-pa'tre-ut, k9m-pa'tre-ut, k9m-pa'tre-ut.
kom-pen'sate, kom-pen'sate, kom-pen'sate, kom-pen'sate, kom-pen'sate
kom'plot, kom-plot', kom'plot, kom'plot, kom-plbt'.
kom'pSrt, kom-pojt', kom'port, kom'port, kom'port.
kiim'rade, kiim'rade, kiim'rade, kiim'rade, kom'rade.
kon'fes-sur, kon-fes'sur, kon'fes-sur, kon'fes-sur, kon'fes-sur.
kon-fe-dant', kon'fe-dant, kon'fe-dant, kon-fe-dSnt', kon-fe-dant'.
k9n-fis'kate, kon-fis'kate, kon-fis'kate, kon-fis'kate, kon-fis'kate.
k9n-front', kun-fi-iint', kon-friint', ken-front', kon-fronl'.
k9n-jee', kon'je, kon-jee', i f °"^.'J^' f"^''>.-,
( kon-jSe', kong-zha'
ko-nis-saxe', kon-nis-silre', kon-nis-sure', kon-nis-siire', ko-nis-sare'.
kon'sjs-tur-e, kon'sis-to-re, kon'sis-tur-e. kon'sjs-tur-e, kon'sjs-tur-e.
k9n-sol'a-tur-e, kon-so'la-to-re, kon-sol'a-tur-e, kon-sol'a-tur-e, kon-sol a-tur-?
k9n-stel'late, k9n-stel'late, kon-stel'late, kon-stel'late.
kon'ste-tu-tiv, kon'ste-tu-tiv, kon'ste-tu-tiv, kon'ste-tii-tiV, kon'ste-tu-tiv.
i kon'stru, ) kSn'strii, kon'stru, kon'strii, kon'strii.
! kon'stur, )
I ^°"'^""' '^°"'^^"' \ kon'sult, kon'siilt.
! k9n-sult', k9n-siilt', )
kon-siim'mate, k9n-siim'mate, k9n-siim'met, k9n-siim'mate, kon-siim'mate.
k9n-tem'plate, kon-tem'olate, ±9n-tem'plate, kon-tem'plate, kon-tem'plate.
|k9n-tent', | k9n-tent', k9n-tent', kon-tent', k9n-tent'.
i kon'tent, ) '
kon'trite, kon-trite', kon'trite, kon'trite, kon'trite.
kon-ve'ne-ent, kon-ve'ne-ent, kon-ve'ne-ent, kon-ve'nyent, kon-ve'ne-em,
k9n-ven'te-kl , k9n-ven'te-kl, kon'ven-te-kl, kon-ven'te-kl, kon-ven'te-ki
kon'ver-sctnt, / kon-ver'sant, j kon'ver-sunt, kon'vers-ant, | kon'ver-sant.
k9n-ver's^nt, ) ( kon-ver'sunt, k9n-vers'ant, ) " '
kiin'ne, kun'ne, kiin'ne, kun'ne, kiin'ne.
ko-ket're, k9-ket're, k9-ket're, k9-ket're, k9-ket're.
kor'je-al, kor'de-al, kor'de-ul, kor'dyal, kor'de-al.
kor'9-lar-e, kbr'o-la-r?, kor'9-lar-e, kor'ol-lar-e, kor'o-lar-e.
koo'reer, koo're-a, koo-reer', k66'reer, k6o-reer'.
kiir'che-us, kiir'clie-us, kur'te-us, kiirt'yus, kore'te-us.
kuv'e-tiis, kiiv'et-iis, kQv've-tiis, kiiv'et-iis, kiiv'e-tiis.
kreek, kreek, kreek, kreek, kreek.
krok'9-dil, krok'o-dil, krok'9-dil, krok'o-dil, krok'9-dllo
Sheridan.
1 kli-mak-ter'rik
2 kom-men'da-bl
2 kom'm?n-d9-bl
^ kon't?m-pla-tur,
Walker.
klim-ak-ter'rik,
kom'm?n-da-bl,
k9m-men'da-bl,
k9n-tem'pla-tur,
Perry.
kli-mak-ter'rjk,
k9m-men'da-bl,
kon-tem'pla-tur,
Jones.
klim-Eik-ter'rik,
k9m-men'daL-bl,
k9n-tem'pla-tyr,
Fulton Sf Knight.
klim-^k-ter'rik,
kom'm?n-d§i-bl,
k9D-tem'pia-tur,
Jameson.
klim-ak-ter'rjk.
kgm-men'da-bl
k9n-tem'pJa-tiiir.
XI*
Webster Sheridan.
€RIJP'PER, krup'per,
€3d<€UM-BER, kow'kum-b?r,
€UI-RASS',(kwe-rasi) ku'ras,
€UiSH, (kwis) kush,
eu'NEI-FORM, ku-ne'e-form,
eUP'BoARD, kub'burd,
CYN'0-SURE, si'no-sure,
SYNOPSIS.
Walker.
krup'p?r,
kow'kum-ber,
kw?-ras',
kwis,
ku-ne'e-form,
kub'burd,
sin'o-shure,
. si'no-shure,
Perry.
krup'per,
kow'kum-b?r,
kwe'raSj
kwish,
ku-ne'e-ffirra,
kiSp'bord,
si'no-sure,
sin'o-sure,
Jones.
krup'per,
kuk'um-ber,
kwe'rus,
kwis,
kiip'burd,
■ sin'9-sure.
Pulton ^ Knight. Jameson.
krup'per, krup'pfr.
kowfkijm-b?r,
kw?-ras',
kwis,
kub'burd,
I sin'9-sure,
I si'no-sure.
ku'kum-bff
kwf-rSs'
kwis.
ku-ne'e-form.
kub'burd.
si'n9-shure
DAUNT,
Deaf,
de-cep'to-ry,
decorous,
DE-CRe'TAL,
DECUSSATE,
DE-FlLE',
DEMONSTRATE,
DEM'ON-STRA-TOR.
DEN'I-GRATE,
DE-PIL'A-TO-RY,
DER-NIER',
DESI€€ATE,
DE-SiGN',
DES'UL-TO-RY,
DIAMOND,
DIM'IS-SO-RY,
Dl'O-OE-SAN,
DIS'eOUNT, V.
DIS-eREP'ANCE,
DIS-€REP'ANT,
DIS-€Re'TIVE,
DIS'PU-TA-BLE,
DIS-SYL'LA-BLE,
DI-VER-TIZE',
Do'OI-BLE,
Do'ClLE,
DONATIVE,
DRAMA,
DU-RESS',
DIZ^'NAS-TY,
DYS-PEP'SY,
da.wnt,
def,
de-sep'tur-e,
d?-ko'rus,
de-kre'tal,
de-kiis'sate,
defe-15,
d?-mon'strate,
de-ni'grate,
de-pl'la-tiir-e,
dern-yare',
de-sik'kate,
de-zine',
des'ul-tur-e,
di'raund,
di-mis'so-re,
di-os'se-san,
dis-kount',
dis'kre-pans,
dis'kre-p^int,
dis'kre-tiv,
dis'py-ta-bl,
dis'sil-la-bl,
dos'sibl,
dos'sil,
do'na-tiv,
dra'ma,
du'res,
dl'nas-te,
dis'pep-se,
E€-€HYM'0-SIS, ek-k?-mo'sis
E€H'I-NUS, §-ki'nus,
E-€LaIR'CiSSE-MENT. 2
E-eLAT', (e-kla') e-kliw',
E'DI€T,
E-LE'6I-Ae,
EM-BRA-StJRE',
EM'PIR-ie, n.
EM-PY-Re'AN,
EN-€oRE',
ENERVATE,
EN-FEOFF', (fef)
EN-<7-EL'0P,
EN-VI'RONS,
e'dikt,
el-^-ji'jk,
em-br§i-zh6or'.
em'pe-rik,
em-p9-re'fin,
ong-kore',
e-ner'vate,
en-feef,
on-vf-lope',
on-v?-ronz',
dant,
def,
des'ep-tyr-e,
de-k5'ru3,
de-kre'tal,
' dek'r?-tal,
de-kus'sate,
de-file'.
dawnt, ddnt, dant.
def,
de-sep'to-re,
dek'9-rus,
de-kre't^l,
de-kus'sate,
d?-flle'.
def.
ddnt,
def,
de-ko'rus,
de-kre't^l,
d?-kus'sate,
de-file'
df-k5'rus,
de-kre'tal,
d?-kus'sate,
d?-file',
de-mon'strate, de-raon'strate, d§-mon'strate, d?-mon'strate,
dant.
def.
des'fp-tur-e
de-ko'rus.
de-kre't5il,
dek'r?-tEd.
de-kus'sate.
d§-file'.
de-mon'strate.
den'e-grate, j den'e-grate, d?-ni'grate, de-ni'grate, den'e-grate.
de-ni'grate, )
de-pil'fi-tur-e, de-pil'a-to-rf, de-pi'l?.-tvr-f.
dern-yare', der'ne-er, dern-yare', dern-yare'.
de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate
d?-sine', de-sine', de-sine', df-sine', de-zine'.
des'ul-tur-e, des'ul-to-re, des'ul-tur-?, des'ul-tur-e, des'ul-tur-e
di'a-mund, di'$i-mund, di'mund, j di'*-™'^']^*^' \ di'si-mund.
■ 'I di'raund, )
dim'j3-sur-§, dim'is-sur-?, dim'is-sur-e, diro'le-siar-*
di-03'Sf-san, di-os'e-ssin, di-os'se-sun, di-os'?-san, di-os'se-san
dis-kount', dis-kount', dis-kount', dis-kount', dis-kount'.
dis'kre-pans, dis'kre-pans, dis'kre-puns, dis'kre-pcins, dis'kre-pan^
dis'kre-pant, dis'kre-pant, dis'kre-pant
dis-kre'tiv, dis-kre'tiv, dis-kre'tiv.
I dis'pu-ta-bl, Kj -,t^_^j dis'pu-ta-bl, dis'py-tgt-bl, [dis'pu-ta-bl,
' dis-pu'ta-bl, ^ • f • ' f. . , i-v v , ^ dis-pu'ta-bL
dis'sil-la-bl, dis-sil'la-bl, dis'sil-lfi-bl, dis-sil'l?t-bl, dis-sil'lj-bl
de-ver'tiz, de-ver'tiz, di-ver'tiz
dos'e-bl, do'se-bl, dos's?-bl, dos'e-bl, dos'e-bL
dos'sil, do'si!, dos'il, dos'sil.
don'si-tiv, don'a-tiv, don'si-tiv, don'a-tiv, don'gi-ti^
dra'ma, dram'ma,dr'a'ma, dra'ma, dra'msi, dra'mji.
dii'res, du'res, du'res, dii'r?s.
jdi'nas-te, | di'nas-t? , din'^is-t?, j din'?s-t?, j din'as-t*
Idin'as-te, ) ' "" ^ ^' < di'nas-te, )
dis'pep-se, dis'pep-se, dis'pep-s«
ek-k?-m6'sis, ek-kl-m5's}3
e-ki'nus.
e-kl3.w', e-kla', ek-kla', ?-kl§Lw', ek-kla'
e'djkt, ed'ikt, e'dikt, 5'dikt, 5'dikt, e'dpct.
el-e-ji'^k, i!:^^'-'-:^'^' lel-e-ji'ak, gl-?-ji'§tk, gI-?-ji'?k.
( el-e-ji'ak, )
em-bra'zhiire, em'bra-zure', em-bra'zhQre, em-bra'zhur, ?m-bra'zhure
j em'pe-rik, em'pe-rik, J g^, jk j gm'pe-rik, L^.pjr/ife.
f em-pir'ik, em-pir'ik, ) ( em-pir'ifc, )
I em-pe-re'an, ?m-pir'e-an, ; ( em-pe-re'^n, em-pe-re'an,
! em-pir'e-an, em-pe-re'an, ) ( em-pir'e-jn, ?m-pir'e-^n
ong-kore', on-k5re', ong-kore', ang-kore', ong-kore'.
?-ner'vate, ?-ner'vate, ?-ner'vate, e-ner'vate, e-ner'vate.
en-feef, en-fef, ?n-fef', en-fef, en-feef.
on-ve-lope', en'v?-lope, 6n-ve-lope', an-ve-l6pe', ong-ve-lope'.
j on-ve-ronz', ^n.^j^runz, on-v?-ronz', anVe-ronz, I en've-runz,
[ en-vi'runs, > ( en-vi'runz.
Sheridan.
1 d€m'un-6tra-tyr
Walker.
{ dem-m9n-stra'tur.
Perry.
dem-un-stra'tur.
( d?-mon'stra-tur
8 ?k-W^"'siz-ni!5pt, fk-klare's}z-ment, a-klare'sjs-nion, fk-klare's^z-Tnong, e-klaxe'sjz-mang, ?k
Jones. Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson.
dem-mon-stra'tur
8jz-ment
s
YNOPSIS.
Xiii
Weostet
Sheridan.
Walker.
Perry.
Jones.
Fulton ![ Knight. Jameson.
EPH'OD,
ef'9d.
ef'od, e'fod,
efod.
efod.
ef9d.
6f9d.
EPieUREAN,
gp-?-ku-re'§in,
ep-e-ku-re'911.
ep-e-ku-re'?n.
ep-e-ku-re'pii
ep-^-ku-re'sin,
ep-?-ky-rS'?n.
E'POCH,
ep'9k,
ep'ok, e'pok.
e'pok.
ep'9k.
ep'9k.
ep'9k.
EP'ODE,
gp'ode.
ep'ode, e'pode.
ep'ode, e'pode.
ep'ode.
ep'ode,
ep'ode.
E'aUE-RY,
f Kwer'?,
e-kwer'e.
efc'wer-re.
e-kwer'f.
?-kwer'r?.
e'kwer-?.
ER'RAND,
&r'r5ind,
arrsind.
er'r^nd,
er'rund,
( er'rund,
( ar'r^md,
j er'rand.
ER'U-DlTE,
ES-SaYTST
er-y-dite',
es-sa'ist,
yu-r9-pe'an.
er'u-dit.
er'vi-dite.
es'sa-ist
es'sji-ist.
EU-RO-Pe'AN,
yu-r9-pe'?a,
j yu-ry-p5'an.
I yu-ro-pe'an.
^
l yu-ro'pe-an,
)
E-VAN-GEL'I-€AL,
e-v?n-jel'e-kal,
ev-an-jel'e-kal,
e-van-jel'e-kal,
e-van-jel'e-k^l
ev-an-jel'e-kstl,
e-VEm-jel'§-k£il
EX-A-CERB'ATE,
eks-fi-serbate,
eks-Ss'er-bate,
eks-as'er-bate.
6gz-9-ser'b?ite.
EX'EM-PLA-RY,
egz'em-pljr-e.
egz'em-plar-e.
egz-em'pla-re,
egz-em'plni-re,
egz'em-plsir-?.
6gz'em-plEir-^
EX-Pe'DI-ENT,
?ks-pi3'dzhent,
( eks-pe'de-ent,
1 eks-p2'Je-ent,
eks-p5'd?-ent.
?ks-pe'dyent.
eks-pe'de-ent.
EX'PRO-BRATB,
EX-PRO-BRA'TIVE
EXSICCATE,
eks-pro'brate,
( eks-pe'je-eiit,
eks-pro'brate,
eks-pro bra-tiv,
ek-sik'kate,
)
eks-sik'kate,
ek-sik'kate,
ek-sik'kate,
ek-sik'kate,
fk-sik'kate.
EXTIRPATE,
ek-ster'pate,
ek-ster'pate,
ek-ster'pate,
ek-ster'pate,
ek-ster'pate.
ek-ster'pate
EXUDATE,
ek-su'date.
ek-su'date,
t;k-su'date.
ek-su'datej
fk-su'date,
ek-su'date.
E^RE,
are,
are.
iU-e,
are,
are,
are.
EY'RY,
e're.
a're,
a're,
a're,
a're,
a'r?.
FAB'Rie,
fab'rjk.
f ab'rik, f a'brjk
, fab'rik,
fab'rik,
fab'rik,
< fab'rik,
\ f a'brjk.
FAC-ADE', (fas-sade
)
fFi-sade',
fsi-sad'.
FAC'UND,
fa-kund'.
fak'und,
fak'und.
fak'und.
FALCHION,
fai'chun.
fall'chun,
fal'che-un.
fai'chun,
rai'shun.
fai'shun.
FAL'CON,
faw'kn.
fa.w'kn.
fai'kn,
fav/'kn.
faw'kn.
fawku.
FAL'CON-ER,
f§,wk'nur,
faw'kn-ur,
fai'kn-ur.
f-a.w'kn-ur.
faw'kn-er,
faw'kn-er.
FAN'FA-RON,
fan'fa-ron,
fan-fci-rone',
/-fare'wel.
fan'fa-run,
f4re-wel'.
fan'fa-ron.
)fare-wgl'.
fire'wel,
>fare-wei',
( far-wel',
•( f are-wel',
fare-wel',
FAREWELL,
far-wel'.
\farwel.
far-wel'.
fare'wel.
(far-wel'.
far'wel,
J
FAS'C'INE,
f^s-eeen',
fas-seen'.
f^s-seen'.
fas-seen'.
fas-seen',
fas-seen'.
FAULT,
fawt.
fawit.
fa wit,
fawlt,
fawlt.
fawlt.
Fe'AL-TY,
feel'te,
fe'5il-te,
fe'al-te,
fe'ul-te.
fe'al-te.
feel'te.
FeAR'FUL,
fer'ful.
feer'ful, fer'ful
feer'fyl,
feer'ful.
feer'ful, fer'ful
, feer'ful.
Fe'BRiLE,
fe'brile.
feb'ril.
fe'bril.
fe'bril,
fe'bril.
fe'bril.
FE'CUND,
f?-kund'.
fek'und.
fe-kiind',
fek'und,
fek'und.
FEOFF, (fef )
fef,
fef.
fef.
fef,
fef.
feef.
FEOF-FEE',
feffe.
feffe,
fef-fee'.
feffe,
feffe,
fef-fee'
FET'ID,
fet'id,
fet'id.
fe'tid.
fet'id,
fet'id.
fet'id.
FIEND,
feend.
feend,
feend.
feend.
feend.
feend.
FIERCE,
fgrs.
f eers, f ers.
feers.
feers.
feers, fers.
feers.
FLAUNT,
flant.
flant,
flawnt.
flant,
flant.
flant.
FORE-FA'THER,
fore-fii'tRur,
fore-fa'thur.
fore'fa-ther.
fore'fa-thur.
fore-fa'tfier.
fore'fa-tli?r.
FORE-FIN'GER,
fore'fing-gur.
fore'fing-gur,
fore'fin-ger,
fore'fing-ger.
FORT'NIGHT,
fart'nite.
fort^nlte,
fort'nit,
fart'nite,
fort'nite.
fort'nite.
FOR'TUNE,
far'tune,
for'cliune,
for'tune.
far'chune,
for'tune,
for'tune.
FRANK-IN'CENSE,
frank'in-sens,
frangk'in-sens.
frank'in-sens,
frank'in-sens.
frangk'in-sens.
frangk'in-sens
FRAT'RI-ClDE,
frat'tre-side.
frat're-slde,
fra'tre-slde.
frat're-side.
frSt're-side,
frat're-side.
FREE'THINK-ER,
fre-think'er.
fre-thingk'er.
fre-think'er,
fre'think-er.
fre'think-er,
fre-thingk'er
FRE'aUENT, V.
fre-kwent',
fre-kwent',
fre-kwent',
fre'kwent.
fre-kwent'.
fre-kwent
FRONT,
front,
frunt, front,
friint.
frunt.
friint.
friint.
FRONT-IeR',
fron'tyer,
( fron'cheer,
( front'yeer,
I fron'teer.
front'yeer.
front'yeer.
V
frSn'teer
FUL'SOME,
ful'sum.
ful'sum,
ful'sum.
fiil'sum.
ful'sum.
fiil'sum
FU'SI-BLE,
fu'se-bl,
fu's?-bl.
fu'ze-bl.
fii'ze-bl,
fu'ze-bl.
fa'ze-bl
FtJ'SIL,
fii-zee'.
fu-zee'.
fu'zil.
fu-zee'.
fu-zee'.
fii'zn.
GABARDINE,
gab-ar-deen'.
gab-9r-deen',
gab'jr-deen.
gab-ar-deen',
gab-ar-d5en'.
gab-ar-deen'
GAIN-SaY',
gane'sa,
gane-s5',
gane'sa,
gane-sa'.
gane-sa'.
gane-sa'.
GAL'AX-Y,
ga'lak-se.
ga!'lak-se,
ga-iak's9.
gal'lak-se.
gai'l?ik-se.
gai'l?k-9e.
GEL'A-BLE,
je'la-bl,
jgl'a-bl,
je'lsi-bl.
jel'a-bl.
jel'si-bl,
jel'^-bl.
6IeR'eA-GLE,
ger'egl.
j6r'e-gl.
. j6r'e-gl.
eiR'AN-DOLE,
je'ran-dole,
je'ra-sol,
je'r^n-dole.
GIR'A-SOLE,
ji'r?i-s5le,
jir'a-sole,
. jT'ra-sole.
GLa'CIS,
gla'sis,
gla'sis, gla-segz
, gla'sis.
gla'sis.
gla'sjs, gla-sgez', gla'sjs.
GLAD-I-a'TOR,
gl?-dya'tyr,
gl&d-?-a'tur,
glad-f-a'tuur,
giad-?-a'tur,
giad-e-a'tLU-,
giad-f-a'tur.
SYNOPSIS.
Wehster.
Sheridan.
IValker.
Perry
Jones.
Fulton 4- Knii
rht. Jameson.
SOLD,
goold,
gold, goold.
gold, goSId,
gold,
gold, goold,
gold.
G0U6E,
gooje.
gSSje,
gouje.
gSSje,
gS&je,
g66je.
Gourd,
goord.
gord, goord.
goord.
gSord,
goord, gord,
goSrd.
GRAN'A-RY,
gran'a-re.
gran'Ei-re,
gra'na-re.
gran'?i-r?,
gran'a-re,
gra'na-re.
GRaNT'OR,
graut'ur.
gr5nt-tor'.
grant'ur,
grant'ur,
grant'ur.
grant'ur.
GRINDSTONE,
grind'stone,
grind'stone.
grind'stone.
grind'stme,
grind'stone,
grind'stone
GUaIA'€UM,
gwa'a-kiim.
gwa'ya-kum,
gwa'ya-kiim,
gwa'a-kQm,
gwa'a-kiim.
GUARD,
gard,
gyard.
gard,
gyard.
gyard.
gard.
GUIDE,
gyide,
gyide,
gide.
gyide.
gyide,
gide.
6YM-NAS'TI€,
jim-nas'tik,
jjm-nas'tik,
jim-nas'tjk.
jim-nas'tik,
jim-nas'tik,
gim-nas'tik
6YP'SUM,
jip'sum,
jivz,
. ffin sum .
e^VES,
givs,
jivz.
jivz.
jivz,
jivz.
HAL'CY-ON,
hal'shuu,
hal'she-un.
hal'she-un,
hal'se-un.
hal'she-un.
hal'she-un.
ilALE, V.
hail.
hale, h^l,
hill.
hale,
hale, hMl,
hale.
HALF'-PEN-NY,
ha'pen-ne,
ha'pen-ne,
ha'pen-n?,
ha'pen-ne,
ha'pen-ne,
ha'pen-n?.
(hap- or ha'pen-ne)
)
HAli'LOO, V. i.
hal-loo',
hal-166'.
ha-rang',
hatch'el,
. hcil-lo6'
HARANGUE,
ha-rang',
hak'kl, '
ha-rang',
h^l.
h^-ran^
hak'kl.
HATCHEL,
hak'kl,"
hak'kl,
HAUNT,
hant, haunt.
hant.
hant.
hant,
hant,
hant.
HkARD,
herd.
herd,
herd.
.
. herd.
He^BRA-ISM,
hebra-izm,
heb'ra-izm,
he'bra-izmj
heb'ra-izm.
heb'rsi-izm.
he'hx^-izva.
HEEdElA-IST,
he-bra'ist,
heb'ra-ist.
he'bra-ist.
heb'ra-ist,
heb'ra-ist,
he'brei-ist.
HE-6I'RA,
he-jI'ra,
\ he-ji'ra,
( hed'je-ra.
1 he-ji'ra.
he-ji'ra.
he-ji'i-^t,
( he-ji'r?,
\ hed>je-rsi
HEIGHT,
hite,
hite, hate,
hite,
hite,
hite.
hite.
HEI'NOUS,
he'nus,
ha'nus.
ha'nus.
ha'nus.
ha'nus.
he'nus
HEM'I-STI€H,
he-mis' tjk,
he-mis'tik.
hem'is-tik.
he-mis'tik.
he-mis'tik.
he-mis'tA.
HER-€U'LE-AN,
her-ku'le-an.
her-ku'le-^n.
her-ku-le'an.
HER-E-DIT'A-MENT, 1
HERESIAR€H,
he-re'syark,
he-re'zhe-ark.
he-re'zhe-ark.
he-re'zhe-ark.
HER'0-lNE,
hero-in.
her'o-in.
he'ro-in,
hei^9-in.
her'o-in.
her'o-in.
HER'O-ISM,
her'o-izm,
her'o-izm.
he'ro-izm.
her'o-izm.
her'9-izm.
her'9-izm.
HET'E-R0-€LITE,
het-e-ro-klite',
het'er-o-klite,
het'e-ro-klit,
het'er-9-klite,
het'er-o-klite,
het'er-o-klite
HET-E-RO-GE'NE-OUS. 2 ,
HI€€OUGH,
HICK'UP,
1 hik'kup,
( hik'kup,
( hik'kof.
1 hik'kof.
hik'kup.
hik'kup,
1 hik'kup.
/ hik'kof.
filD'E-OUS,
hid'yus,
( hid'e-us,
( hid'je-us.
1 hid'e-iis.
hid'e-us,
hid'yus.
hid'f-us.
HIEROPHANT,
hi"-e-ro-fant',
his-tor'e-fi.
hi-er'o-fant.
his-tor'e-fi.
HISTORIFY,
is-tor'e-fi.
his-tor'e-fi,
his-tor'e-fi,
his-tor'e-fi.
HOM'0-GE-NY,
ho-mog ge-ne,
ho-mod'je-ne.
ho-mod'je-ne,
ho-mod'je-ne.
h9-mod'je-ne.
hom'o-je-ne
HORIZON,
ho-ri'zun,
ho-ri'zon,
( hg-ri'zun,
I hor'e-zun.
1 ho-ri'zun,
h9-ri'zun.
h9-ri'zun
Ho'R0-L06E,
ho'ro-loje.
hor'o-lodje.
hor'o-lodje,
hor'9-loje,
hor'o-lodje.
hor'9-loje
HO-ROL'0-GY,
ho'ro-lo-je.
ho-rol'o-je.
h9-rol'o-je,
. h9-rol'o-je
HOSPI-TAL,
S.wspe-tal,
os'pe-tal.
hos'pe-tal,
aws'pe-tal,
os'p?-t^l,
hos'pe-tEil.
HOS'TLER, (hosier)
os'Iur,
os'ler.
ost'ler,
os'Iur,
os'ler,
ost'ler.
HOUSE' WIFE,
huz'wif.
huz'wif,
huz'if,
huz'if.
huz'wif.
huz'zif.
HOUSE'WIFE-RY,
huz'wif-re,
huz'wif-re.
hiiz'if-re.
hiiz'if-re,
hiiz'wif-re.
huz'zif-re.
HOVER,
hov'ur.
hiiv'ur,
hov'er.
huv'ur,
huv'er.
hov'er.
HUM'BLE,
um'bl.
um'bl.
iim'bl.
iim'bl.
iim-'bl.
hiim'bl.
Htf'MOR,
yu'mur.
yu'mur.
yum'ur,
yii'mur,
yu'mur.
yii'mur.
HUND'RED,
hun'durd,
( hun'dred,
I hun'durd,
hiSn'dred,
hun'dred.
hiin'dred,
hiin'dred
HUS'\\T[FE,
huz'zif,
huz'zif,
huz'if.
hiiz'zif,
huz'if.
hiiz'zif.
H^-DRO-PHo'BI-A,
hi-dro-fo-be'a.
hi-dro-fo'be-a,
hi-dro-fo'be-51.
hi-dr9-fo'be-a.
hi-dr9-f6'be-a.
hi-dr9-fo'bc-a.
HY-ME-Ne'AL,
hira-e-ne'al.
hi-me-ne'al,
hi-me-ne'al.
hi-me-ne'ul.
hi-me-ne'al,
hi-me-ne'al.
H2-ME-Ne'AN,
him-e-ne'an,
hl-me-ne'an,
hi-me-ne'an,
hi-me-ne'an.
hi-me-ne'£in.
HYP-0-€H0N'DRI-A€. 3
H?-P0T'E-NUSE,
hi-pot'e-nuse.
hi-pot'e-nuse.
hi-pot'e-niise.
hi-pot'e-niise.
hi-pot'e-niise
HYS'SOP,
hi sup.
hiz'zup, hi'sup
his'sup.
hiz'zup.
his'sup, hi'sup
hiz'zup.
IG-NTT'I-BLE,
ig'ne-tibl.
ig-nl'te-bl.
ig-ni'te-bl.
ig-ni'te-bl.
ig-ni'te-bl.
ig-ni'te-bl.
IL-LAa'UE-ATE,
jl-la'kwe-ate
il-la'kwe-ate.
il-lak'we-ate,
il-la'kwe-ate.
il-la'kwe-ate,
il-la'kwe-ate.
IMBE-aLE,
im-be-seel'.
( im-bes'sil,
im-bes'sil.
1 im-bes'sil.
im-bes'sil.
im-bes'sjl.
i im-be-seel',
im-be-sil'.
im-be-seel'.
aheridan.
Walker.
Perry.
Jones
Fulton ^
Knight. Jameson.
1 he-red'e-ta-ment, her-e-dit'a-ment.
her-e-dit'Ei-ment, her-e-dit'si-ment, her-e-dit'a-ment, he-
red'it-a-ment.
2 het-er-o-ge'nyus, h
et-er-o-j5'ne-us,
l)dt-e-ro-je'ne-us, het-e-ro-je'
le-us, het-?-r9-
je'nyus, het
e-r9-j6'ne-us.
3 hip-9-k9n-dri'?k, h
ip-9-kon'dre-a^,
hip-9-kon'dre-
ak, hip-o-kon^dr?-ak, hip-o-kon'dre-ak, hi-p9-kon'dre-ak .
SYNOPSIS.
XV
TVehster.
Sheridan.
Walker.
Perry.
Jones.
Fulton 4- Knight. Jameson.
IM-xME'DI-ATE,
jm-me'dy^it.
1 ira-me'de-9it,
1 jm-me'je-at.
im-me'd?-at,
im-me'd?-et,
im-me'dy?it.
im-me'df-ate
IM-PIERCE'A-BLE,
im-pei'sibl,
jm-peer'sa-bl,
im-peer's?i-bl,
........
. jm-peer'sgi-bl
IM-PORT'ANT,
im-pa.r'tant.
{ im-p6r'tant,
I jm-por't^int.
1 im-por'tiint,
im-pilr'tjnt,
im-p6r'tant,
}m-p5r't5int.
IM'PRE-€A-TO-RY.
IM-PROTRI-A-TOR
2
IM-PUGN',
im-pune',
ira-pune',
jm-pun',
im-piine',
im-pune'.
im-pune'.
IM-PU-IS'SANCE,
im-pu'js-sans.
ira-pu'{S-sans,
im-pu-is'sans.
im-pu'is-suns,
im-pu'is-ssins.
im-pu'is-sEins
IN-AM-0-Ra'TO,
in-am-Q-ra'to,
in-am-9-ra'to,
in-am-o-ra'to.
in-am-o-ra'to.
IN-CEND'I-A-RY,
in-sen'dyar-e,
{ in-sen'de-£i-re,
/ in-sen'je-a-re,
in-sen'de-a-re.
in-sen'de-a-r?,
in-sen'dya-re,
in-sen'de-a-re
IN-CENS'0-RY,
in'sen-sur-e,
in'sen-sur-e,
in'sen-sur-e.
in's?ns-ur-e,
jn-sen'so-re.
IN-€LIN'A-TO-RY,
in-kll'nsi-tur-e.
in-Rlin'a-tur-?,
jn-kli'na-t?-!'?)
. jn-klin'a-tur-e.
IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE. 3
IN-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS
. 4
IN-€ON'DITE,
in-kon-dite',
in'kon-dite,
in-kon'dit.
in-kon'dlte.
in-kon'dite,
in'kon-dite.
IN-€ON-VeN'I-ENT
. 6
INDECOROUS,
in-de-k5'rus,
{ in-de-ko'rus,
( in-dek'o-rus,
> in-dek'o-rus.
in-dek'o-rus,
( in-dek'o-rus,
I in-de-ko'rus.
j in-de-k5^rus.
IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE,
in-dis'pu-t?-bl,
( in-dis'pu-ta-bl,
i in-dis-pu'ta-bl,
in-dis'pu-tfi-bl
in-dis-pu'ta-bl
in-dis'pu-tfi-bl,
in-dis'pu-ta-bl
in-dis'pu-t^-bl.
IN-DI-VID'U-AL,
in-d?-vid'u-g.l,
( in-de-vid'ju-aJ,
( in-de-vid'u-jl,
1 in-df-vid'u-sil,
in-de-vid'u-al,
in-de-vid'u-^1.
in-de-vid'u-Ji1.
INDOCIBLE,
in-dos'i-bl,
in-dos'e-bl.
in-do'se-bl,
in-dos'se-bl,
in-dos'e-bl,
in-dos'e-bl.
INDOCILE,
in-dos'sil,
in-dos'sil,
in-do'sil,
in-dos'sjl.
in-dos'il.
in-dos'sil.
IN-EX-PeD'I-ENT.
6
INTAN-TlLE,
infan-tile,
in'fan-tile,
in'fan-til,
in'fun-tile,
in'f^n-tile,
infan-tre.
IN-Fe'€UND,
in-fe-kund',
in-je'nyus,
in-fek'und,
in-je'ne-us,
in-fe-kund',
in-je'ne-us,
in-fek'und
IN-6e'NI-0US,
in-je'ne-us.
in-je'nyus,
All 1 CIV UliU.
in-je'ne-gs.
IN'GRAIN,
§n-grane',
en-grane'.
en-grane'.
en-grane'.
en-grane'.
?n-grane'.
IN-GRE'DI-ENT,
in-gre'dzhent,
in-grS'jent,
in-gre'de-ent,
in-gre'de-ent,
in-gre'dyent,
in-gre'd<?-ent
IN-HAB'ILE,
In-hab'il,
( in-hab'il,
I in-a-beel',
in-hab'il,
in-a-beel'.
1 in-hab'il.
in-hab'il.
IN-IM'I-€AL,
in-itn'e-kal,
in-e-mi'kal.
1 in-im'e-kal.
( in-im'e-kul,
I in-?-rai'kul,
in-im'e-kal,
in-e-mi'kal.
in-im'e-kal,
in-e-mi'kal
IN-SID'I-OUS,
jn-sid'yus.
{ in-sid'e-us,
( in-sid'je-us,
in'shu-lar.
1 in-sid'e-ug.
jn-sid'e-us.
in-sid'yus,
in-sid'e-us
IN'SU-LAR,
in'su-lar,
in'su-lar,
in'su-lar.
in'shu-l?ir.
in'su-lar.
IN-TER'€A-LA-RY,
in-ter'ka-lar-e,
in-ter-kal'a-re.
jn-ter'kHa-re,
in-ter-kal'a-re.
in-ter-kal'a-re,
in-ter'kal-a-re
IN'TER-€AL-ATE,
in-ter'ka-late.
in-ter'ka-late,
jn-ter'ka-late.
. in-ter'ka-late.
IN-TER-LO€'U-TOR. 7
IN'TER-PO-LATE>
in-ter'po-late,
in-ter'po-late.
in-ter'po-late,
in-ter'po-late.
in-ter'po-late.
in-ter'po-late.
IN'TER-PO-LA-TOR
, in-ter'po-la-tur,
in-ter'po-la-tur,
in-ter'po-la-tur.
in-ter'po-la-tur.
in-ter'po-la-tur
in-ter'po-Ia-t'jr
IN'TER-STiCE,
in-ter'stis.
( in'ter-stis,
I in-ter'stis,
1 in'ter-stis,
in'ter-stis,
in'ter-stis.
in-ter'stis.
IN'VA-LID,
in-va-leed'.
in-va-15ed'.
in-va-leed'.
ia-va-leed',
in-v^-leed',
in-va-leed'
IN-VID'I-OUS,
in-vidzh'uSj
j in-vid'e-us,
( in-vid'je-us,
in-vid'e-us.
in-vid'e-us.
in-vid'yus,
in-vid'e-us
fR-RA'TION-AL,
ir-rash'9-nfil.
ir-rash'o-nal,
ir-rash'o-nal.
ir-rash'a-nul.
ir-rash'un-£il,
ir-rash'o-nal
ikREFRAGABLE,
}r-rePfra-ga-bl,
{ ir-ref fra-ga-bl,
( ir-re-frag'a-bl.
ir-re-frag'a-bl.
ir-ref'fra-ga-bl.
ir-ref'rat-goi-bl,
ir-ref'fra-ga-bl
IR-RE-FtJT'A-BLE,
ir-re-fu'tfi-bl,
1 ir-re-fu'ta-bl,
( ir-refu-ta-bl,
' ir-re-fu'ta-bl,
ir-ref 'fu-t^-bl.
ir-ref y-ta-bl.
ir-re-fu'tEi-bl
JA€K'AL,
jak'-ail,
jak-kSLll',
jak-ail ,
jak'ail,
jak'aii,
jak-aw.
JAL'AP,
jol'lup.
jal'lup,
jai'up,
jol'lup.
jai'?p,
jal'lup.
JONdUIL,
jun-keel'.
jun-kwil'.
jun-kwil'.
jun-kwil'.
jun-kwil',
jung-kwil'.
JtJ'NI-OR,
j66'nyur.
ju'ne-ur.
ju ne-ur,
ju'ne-ur.
ju'ne-ur.
ju'ne-ur.
JtJ'VE-NILE,
ju've-nile.
jii'v?-nil,
ju've-niJ,
ju've-nil.
ju've-nil.
ju'v^-nile.
Shenaan.
Walker.
Perry.
Jones.
Fulton §• Knight.
Jameson.
! jm-prek'Hur-e, im'pre-ka-tur-e,
im'pre-ka-to-re
irti'pr§-kfi-tur-?, im'pre-ka-tur-e, im'
pre-ka-tur-e.
2 im-pro-pr?-a'tur, im-pro-pre-a'tur,
im-pro'pr?-a-tur, im-pro-pre
a'tur, im-pro-pre-a'tur, im-
pro-pre-a'tur.
in-kom-men'su- i in
-kom-men'shu-
) in-kom-men'shy- | in-kom-men'shu- i in-kom-men'shu- ) in-kom-men'su- j
ra-bl, ■ 1
rj-bl.
\ rsi-bl.
) r^-bl.
S r^bl, i
n-h\. \
4 in-kom-m5'dyus, i 5n-kom-mo'de-us,
( in-kora-mo'je-us,
in-kom-mo'de-us, in-kom-mc
'd?-us, in-kgm
-mo'dyus, in-kom-m6'd?-us.
5 in-kon-ve'nyent, in-kon-ve'ne-ent,
in-kon-ve'ne-ent, in-kon-ve'ne-ent, in-kon-vg'ny?nt, in-kpn-ve'ne-^nt.
6 in-eks-pe'dyent, in-eks-pe'de-ent,
in-ex-p5'd?-?n
, in-fks-pe'd?-ent, in-?x-pe'dyent, in-?ks-pe'de-?nt.
• • M in-ter-lo-ku'tur,
j in-ter-Iok'u-tur
, . . . in-ter-1
5k'u-tur, in-tcr-lok'ku-tur.
xid
S^
raorsis.
Webster.
Sheridan
Walker.
Perry.
Jones.
Fulton S[ Knight
. Jameson.
KEEL'SON,
1 keel'sun.
kel'sun,
[ keel'sun,
( kel'sun.
I kelsun,
kel'syn,
keel'sun.
(kel'sun)
)
KIND,
kyind,
kyind.
kind.
kyind,
kyind,
kind.
KN0WL'ED6E
nol'lej)
j nol'ljdzh.
nol'ledje,
no'lfdje,
1 nol'ledje.
nol'ledje,
\ nol'lej,
I no'lej.
1 nbl'lfdje.
La'€ON-ISM,
iak'k9-nlzm.
lak'ko-nizm,
lak'o-nizm.
lak'ko-nizm.
lak'o-nizm.
lak'ko-niznv
LAUD'A-NUM,
lod'Ei-num,
lod'a-num,
law'dsi-num,
16d'd9i-num,
lod'^-num,
lod'da-num.
LAUHEL,
lor'rjl,
lor'ril.
law'rel,
lor'ril.
lor'fl,
lor'rei.
LJi'VA,
Leap,
la'vai,
leep.
la'vai.
iep.
leep,
leep.
leep.
leep.
Leash,
lees,
leesh.
leesh.
leesh.
leesh,
leesh.
LE-Ga'TOR,
leg-g^-tor'.
leg-gHSr',
le-ga'tur.
leg-g^-tor*
LEGEND,
le'jend,
le'jend,
le'jend.
le'jend.
le'jend,
le'jend.
LE6'EN-DA-P.Y,
LE6'IS-La riVE,
. led'jen-dEi-re,
led'jis-la-tiv.
lej'en-dai-re,
lej'is-la-tiv.
le'jen-d^-rf.
le'jis-la-tiv.
lej'is-la-tiv.
led'jis-la-tiv.
16j'is-la-tiv,
LEGISLATOR,
lej'is-la-tur.
led'jis-la-tur,
lej-js-la'tur,
led'jis-la-tur.
lej'is-la-tur.
le'jis-la-tur.
LEG'IS-LaT'URE,
lej'js-la-chur.
led'jis-la-chure,
, lej-is-la'tur.
led'j}s-la-ture.
lej'is-la-tur.
le'jis-late-yur.
LEISURE,
le'zhilr,
le'zhare,
le'zhur,
le'zhilr.
le'zhur,
le'zhur.
LEP'O-RINE,
le'po-rine.
lep'po-rine.
lep'o-rin.
lep'po-rine,
lep'o-rine,
Iep'p9-rine.
LEST,
lest, leest.
lest, leest.
lest,
lest.
lest.
lest.
LEVER,
le'vur,
le'vur,
le'v?r,
le'vur.
iS'ver,
le'ver.
LI-CEN'TIATE, n
li-sen'shet,
ll-sen'she-ate,
li-sen'sh?-§it.
li-sen'sh?-at.
li-sen'she-ate.
li-sen'Sh?-atR
LIE, or LYE,
le,
lij
le.
li,
li.
LIEu-TEN'ANT,
lif-ten'nant.
ley-ten'nant,
liv-ten'aint,
liv-ten'nunt.
1 liv-ten'^nt,
\ lu-ten'?nt.
I lu-ten'sint.
LOATH, or LOTH,
loth'.
loth,
loth.
loth.
15th,
loth.
LOOK,
luk.
168k,
luk.
luk,
166k,
l&ok.
LUS'TRING,
lute'string.
lus'string,
. lus'tring.
liis'tring,
lus'tring
MAC'RO-eOSM,
ma'kro-kozm,
ma'kro-kozm,
ma'kro-kozm.
ma'kro-kozm,
ma'kro-kozm,
mak'ro-kozm.
MAL'eON-TENT,
mal-kon-tent'.
male-kon-tent'j
, mal-kon-tent'.
male-kon-tent'.
male-kon-tent',
mal-kon-tent'.
MALT., (raawl)
mal.
mel,
mall.
man.
mal,
mail, mel.
MAM'MIL-LA-RY,
m?im-mil'?-re.
mam 'mil-la-re.
( m^m-mil'a-re,
( mam'rail-8i-re.
mam mil-la-re.
mam'il-lar-re.
mam'mil-lai-r?
MAN-KIND',
man-kind',
man-kyind'.
man-kind',
man-kyind',
man-kyind'.
man-kind'.
MAN'TU-A,
man'ta,
man'chu-a,
man'tu.
man'tu -a,
man'tu-a.
man'tu-a.
MAR-A-Na'THA,
m^-ran'?-thfi,
mar-a-nath'j.
. mar-ft-nath'a.
mar-9.-nath'a.
mar-9-nath'9
MA-RAUD'ER,
. ma-ro'dur,
ma-ro'der.
m^-raud'ur,
raar-^ud'er,
ma-r&.w'der
MAR'I-GOLD,
ma're-gold.
mar 're-gold,
mar'e-gold.
mar'e-gold.
mar'e-gold,
mar'e-gold.
MAR'MO-SET,
mar-mo-zet'.
mar-mo-zet'.
mar-mo-zet'.
mar'mo-zet.
mar-m9-zet'.
mar-mo-zet'.
MAR'MOT,
mEir-moot',
mar-moot'.
mar-mot',
mar'mot.
MATH'E-SIS,
ma-th5'sis,
ma-the'sis,
ma-the'sis.
m^t-the'sjs.
ma-the'sis,
( ma-the'sis,
( math'e-sis.
MAT<RI-ClDE,
mat'tre-slde,
mat'tre-side.
ma'tre-side.
mat'tre-Bide,
mat'tre-side.
mat'tre-side
MATRON,
ma'trun,
ma'trun,
ma'trun.
ma'trun.
ma'trun.
ma'trun.
MAT'RON-AL,
ma'trun-al.
( mat'ro-nal,
( ma-tro'nal.
ma'trun-al,
mat'run-al.
\
( mat'ro-n^il,
( m^i-tro'n^il.
I ma'trp-nal.
MAT'U-RA-TiVE,
m?i-tu'ra-tiv,
maGh'u-ra-tiv,
ma-tii'ra-tiv,
mach'u-ra-tiv.
miit'u-ra-tiv,
mat'u-rHiv.
MAUND'ER,
miwn'der.
man'dur,
m^wn'der,
mavs^n'der.
man'der,
man'der.
MAU-SO-Le'UM,
m3.w-so-le'um.
maLw-so-le'um,
maw-so-le'um,
maw-so-le'um.
m§.w-so-le'um.
m^w-so-le'um
MAX'IL-LA-RY,
maks'il-!er-e.
maks'il-lfir-e,
maks'jl-l^i-re.
maks'il-lEir-e,
macs'il-lair-re,
maks'il-lar-e.'
MaY'OR,
mar,
ma'ur,
ma'ur.
ma'ur.
ma'ur.
ma'ur.
ME-DIC'I-NAL,
( me-dis'in-el,
me-dis'e-nal.
( me-dis'e-nal,
( me-dis'?-nal,
( med-e-si'nal.
i me-dis'e-nal.
( me-dis'e-nal.
( med-e-si'nel,
med-e-si'nal.
1 **.Y u«u Y "'a^*.
( med-e-si'nal
MED'I-ClNE,
med'sin,
med'de-sin.
med'e-sin.
med'e-sin.
med'e-sin.
med'de-sin
MED'UL-LA-RY,
nie-dul'lur-?,
me'lyo-rate.
med'ul-lar-e,
me'le-o-rate.
me-diil'lai-re,
me'le-o-rate,
med'ul-lar-e.
me'le-o-rate.
MeL'IO-RATE,
me'le-o-rate.
me'lyo-rate.
ME-Lo'DI-OUS,
me-lo'dzhus.
5 me-lo'de-us,
( me-lo'je-us.
j m?-lo'd?-us.
me-lo'de-us.
me-16'dyus,
me-lo'de-us.
MEMOIR,
( me-moir',
( mfi mwsLr,
me-moir'.
mem'oir.
> mem'WoLr,
( me-mwar',
me-moir'.
meni'war.
me-m8ir'.
( mera'war.
mem'wSir.
MEN-AG'ER-Y,
. men-azhe-ur-e'
men'shu-ra-bl.
, me-na'zhje-rpj
men'shu-ra-bl,
men-azh-er-3'
MEN'SU-RA-BLE,
m5n'sbur-a-bl.
men'shu-ra-bl,
men'shu-ra-bl.
men'su-ra-bl.
MER'€AN-TILE,
m6r'kan-tile,
mer'kan-til,
. mer'kun-til.
mer'kan-til.
mer'k5in-til.
ME-KID'I-AN,
me-ndzh'un,
( me-rid'e-an,
( iae-rid'je-?tn.
> rae-rid'e-ain.
me-rid'e-un.
me-rid'yan,
me-fWe-^in.
MES'SIEURS,
mes'surz.
{ mesh'shoorz,
( mesli-shoorz',
1 mes'seerz,
mesh-shfifirz'.
mesh'urz.
mesh'sheerz.
MET'AL-LINE,
m?-tai'lin,
inei I'^l-line,
met'aJ-line,
met'tuUine,
met'ftl-lin.
j rae-tal'line,
I met'^l-llne.
SYNOPSIS.
xvu
METALLURGYi,
Mk'TE-OR.
METONYMY.
MEZ-ZO-TINT'O
MI'ASM,
MICH'ER,
MT€E,OeOISM,
MI-CROG/RA-PHY,
MI€ROS€OPE,
MID'VVIFE-RY,
MIN'A-TO-RY,
MIN'IA-TURE,
MIN'UTE,
MIS'CEL-LA-NY,
MIS'CHIE-VOUS,
MI-S06'Y-NY,
Mo'BiLE,
MOB'LE, '
MON'AD,
MON'AS-TER-Y,
MO-NOP'TOTE,
MY,
Slierida;c
met-t^l-lur'dzhe,
me-tyur, |
met'o-nim-e, j
niet-so-tin't9,
mi'azm,
micb'ur,
mi'kro-kozm,
mi'kro-graf-e,
mi'kro-skope,
inid'wif r^,
mi'n?i-tur-e,
miu'it-chur,
min'nit, '
mis'sel-Ien-e,
mis'che-vus,
mi-sog'e-ne,
ino'bil,
mob'bl,
monn^d, J
mon'n^is-ter-re,
mon'nop-tote, <
mi, me,
Walker.
, met'tal-lur-jf,
rae'te-ur,
me'che-ur,
me-ton'e-me,
met'o-nim-e,
met-so-tin't9,
mi'aizm,
mi'cliur,
mi'kro-kozm,
mi-krog'rfi-fe,
mI'kro-sk5pe,
mid'wif-rf,
min'n^-tur-e,
mia'e-ture,
1 min'nit,
! min'nute,
mis'sel-lan-e,
mis'che-vus,
m?-sbd'je-ne,
mo-beel',
mo'bl,
mon'nad,
mS'nad,
mon'na-stre,
mon'nas-ter-e,
I m6n'n9p-t5te,
! mo-nop't5te,
mi, me,
Perry.
met'^I-ur-jf,
me'te-ur,
me-ton'?-m?,
met-SQ-tin'td
Jonei
m?-tal'iii j?,
me'te-ur,
mf-ton'f-m?,
met-so-tin'to.
I^itlton Sf Knight,
met'?J-lur-j?,
me'tytir,
m?-tSn'e-me,
met-so-tin'to.
mich'ur,
mi'kro-kozm,
ml-krog'ra-fe,
mi'kro-skope,
mid'wif-re,
min'a-to-re,
min'e-a-ture,
min'ute,
mis'sel-lfi-ne,
; mis'che-vus,
' mis-cheev'us,
me-sod'je-ne,
mo-beel',
mon'ad,
mich'ur,
mi'kro-kozm,
mi-krog'ra-fe,
mi'kro-skope,
mid'wif-re,
min'na-tur-e,
min'?-ture,
min'nute,
mis'sel-lEin-?,
mis'che-vus,
m?-sod'je-n?,
m5'bl,
mon'nad
mon'as-ter-e, mon'na-str§.
mi'ch^r.
mi'kr9-kozm,
mi-krog'r$i-fe,
mi'kr9-skope,
mid'wif-re,
min'a-tur-e,
min'e-ture,
min'ut,
mis's?l-lEin-e,
mXs'che-vus,
me-soj'e-ne,
mon'9p-tote,
m9-n6p't5te,
mi, me,
mg-nop'tote,
mo'bl,
mon'jtd.
mon'js-ire,
mon'^s-t?r-?
mon'9p-tote^
me, mi.
Jameson
m?t-tal'lijr-J§
me't?-ur
m?-t6n'e-me .
met'9-nim-9
m€t-z9-tin'to .
mi'kro-kozm
mi-krog'ra-fg
mi'kr9-sk'pe
mid'if-re.
mi'nsi-tur-e.
min'e-ture.
min'nute.
mis'sel-len-^
mis'ch?-vus.
mjs-odj'e-ne
m9-beel'.
mob'bl.
mon'as-ter-e.
mon'n9p-t6te.
NArriON-AL, nSsh'un-ul,
NAT'U-RAL, nat'chur-el,
Na'TURE, na'chur,
NE'ER, neer,
NE-Go'TIA-TOR, n?-g9-sha'tur,
NEP'0-TISM, ne'p9-tizrn,
No'MEN-eLA-TURE. l
NONE, nun,
NOOSE, (nooz) nS&z,
NOT'A-BLE, not't9-bl.
NOTHING^
NO'VEN-A-RY,
nuth'ing,
n9-ven'n?r-e.
nash'un-§il,
nat'chu-rsil,
na'chure,
nare,
ne-go'she-a-tur,
nep'o-tizm,
nun,
nodse,
I no't^-bl,
I not'^-bl,
nuth'jng.
nash'un-al,
nat'ur-al,
na'ture,
nire,
n?-g6'sh?-a-tur
ne'p9-tizm,
niin,
noose,
• no'ta-bl,
nuth'jng,
nov'?n-si-rf,
nash'un-ul,
nSt'chu-rul,
na'chur.
nep'9-tizm,
nun,
no6ze,
no'tsi-bl,
nuth'jng,
n5sh'un-al,
nal'u-ral,
na'ture.
nep'9-tizm.
nun,
nooze,
no'tai-bl,
not'ji-bl,
nuth'jng.
n5sh'un-Eil.
nat'u-ral.
nate'yur.
nare.
n?-g6'she-a-ti^.
nun.
n86ze.
no'tci-bl
not'?i-bl.
nuth'jng.
nov'en-£i-rf
OB'DU-RATE,
O-Be'DI-ENCE.,
O-BeI'SANCE,
OB'LI-GA-TO-RY,
0-BLI6E',
OB-LiaUE',
OB-SO-LeTE',
0€'T0-GE-NA-RY,
O'DI-OUS,
Oe-IL'IAD,
OPH-THAL'MI€,
O-PIN-lA'TRE,
OP-PtJGN'ER,
(op-pu'ner)
OP'TA-TlVE,
0R'AN-6ER-Y,
OR€HES-TRA,
OR'DE-AL,
OR/DI-NA-RY,
9b-du'ret,
o-be'dzhens,
o-be's^ns,
ob"le-g^-tur'e,
9-blIdje',
9-blcedje',
ob-like',
6b'so-l?t,
o'dzhus,
o-e'ly?d,
9f-thai'mik,
9-pin-nya'tr?,
I ob'ju-rate, j
I ob-du'rate, i
9-be'je-ens,
o-ba'sans,
ob'le-gji-tur-r?,
o-blidje',
9-bleedje',
9b-like',
ob's9-lete,
ok-todje'e-n^L-re,
o'df-ijLS, o'je-us,
?-il'yad,
9p-thal'mik,
9-pIn-y?-a.'^ter,
9p-pug'ner, 9p-pune'fr,
op't^-tiv,
0-ra.wn'zher-?,
ar'dyal,
1 9ir'd?-n?r-r?,
' §ir'ner-r?.
8p't?-tiv,
9p-tl'tiv,
9-r3lwn'zher-e,
9r-kes'trJi,
, 6r'de-?l,
! 6r'je-^l,
6r'de-n^-re,
6rd'nai-re,
9b-du'rat, 9b-du'rft, j ob'du-rate, | ob-du'rate.
' V V ) J 9b-du'rate, S
9-be'de-ens, 9-be'd?-?ns, 9-be'dyens, o-be'de-ens.
o-be'sEins, 9-ba'zuns, o-ba'sans, o-ba'sans.
ob'l?-g^-to-r?, ob'le-ga-tur-e, ob'l?-gEi-tur-e, 6b'le-gsi-tur-e
o-bleedje , j o-bleedje', \ ^'^^^^^^ ' 1 9-blidje.'
o-blidje', ) ( 9-bleedje', )
ob-leek', 9b-like',9b-leek', 9b-like', 9b-leek'.
^b's9-let, ob'so-lete, ob's9-lete, 5b'so-lete.
ok-todje'?-n?i-re, ok'to-je-nai-r?.
6'de-u3, 6'de-us, 6'dyus, 6'de-us.
ale'ysid, e-il'?-ad, f-il'y^d.
op-thal'mik, op-thai'mjk, op-thal'mjk
9-pin-e-a'tre
9p-pun'er, op-pune'?r.
op'ta-tiv, op'tai-tiv, op't?L-tiv, bp't§i-tiv.
or'|in-j?-re, 9-r3,n'zh?r-?, o-ra,wn'zh?r-?, or'gin-j?r-e.
or'kes-tra, 9r-kes'tr^.
or'de-£tl, 6r'de-ul, or'd^^l, or'd?-ai!.
or'd?-n,-re, j 6r'de-n,-re, Sr'd,.n,r-?, U,,^.^^.,,,
( ord'n§i-r?, Srd'n^i-r?, )
Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jbnes. Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson.
n5-m§n-kla'cl.ijir, n5m-?n-kla'chure, n»-men-kla'ture, no-m^n-kla'ture, nom-?n-kla'tur, nS-mfn-klate'yyr
xvm
Webster
OE'THO-E-PY
OYES,
Sheridan.
6-yis',
SYNOPSIS.
Walker. Perry.
6r'tho-e-pe, or'tho-e-pe,
6-yis', 5-ye8',
Jones. Fulton ^ Kmght. Jameson.
o-yes', 6'ya.
PAC-IF-I-€A'TOR, p?is-siPe-ka-tur, pas-sjf-fe-ka'tur, pas-e-fe-ka'tur, * psi-sif ?-ka-tus
Pa'6EANT, padzh'ent, pad'junt, pa'jant, pad'junt, paj'^nt, j pa'j?-^nt,
( pad'jent.
Pa'GEANT-RY, padzh'en-tre, pad'jun-tre, paj'?nt-re, pad'jun-tre, paj'ant-re, j pa'je-jn-tre,
( pad'jen-tre.
PAN-E-6YR'I€, pan-ne-dzer'rik, pan-ne-jer'rik, pan-e-jir'ik, pan-e-jir'jkj pan-e-jir'ik, pan-e-jer'ik.
PAP'IL-LA-RY, p5i-pil'ler-e, pap'il-la-re, pa-pil'la-re, pap'pil-^-re, pap'il-lar-e, pap'pil-Ji-rf.
PAP'IL-LOUS, pa-pil'lus, pa-pil'lus, pa-pil'lus, p§i-pil'lus.
PA-RAL'O-GISM par'ia-]?-dzhizin,par-ral'o-jizm, pa-ial'9-jizm, p^ir-ral'o-jizm, pstr-al'o-jizm, par-al'o-jizm.
PaST'Y, pas'te, pas'te, pas'te, pas't?, pas'te, pas'te.
PAT'ENT, pat'ent, j pat'ent, | pSt'ent, pat'tent, pat'ent, j P^t'ent,
<pa'tent, i "^ ' ' i- ■ •> f . > I pa't?nt.
PATRIOT, pa'tryut, pa'tre-ut, pa'tre-ut, pa'tre-ut, pa'tr?-ut, pa'trf-ut.
PATRON, pa'trun, pa'trun, pa'trun, pa'truii, pa'trun, pa'trun.
PAT'RO-NAL, pa-tro'nal, pat'ro-n^l, pat'run-al, pat'ro-nul, pat'ro-nal, psi-tro'nal.
PAT'RON-ESS, pat'tro-nis, p3.'trun-es, pa'trun-?s, pa'trun-es, pa'trun-es, pa'trun-es.
PAUNCH, pa.wnch, p'ansh, pansh, panel), pansh, pansh.
PE-€uL'IAR, pe-ku'lyer, pe-ku'le-ur, pe-ku'le-ur, pe-ku'le-ur, pe-ku'lyar, pe-ku'le-er,
PE-€uN'IA-RY, pe-ku'nyer-e. pe-ku'ne-ur-e, pe-ku'ne-^-rg, pe-ku'ne-er-e, pe-ku'nyar-e, pe-ku'ne-ai-r$.
PED'ALS, pe'dels, j ped'dals, | pg/dalz, ped'dulS, ped'alz, j pS'dalz,
' y . ^ <pe'dals, i^ • ' F . , y . , / ped'dalz.
PE-DO-BAP'TISM, pe-do-bap'tizm, ped-do-bap'tizm,pe-do-bap'tizm, pe-dQ-bap'tizm
PEN'NY-WORTH, pen'n^-wurth, j Pen'ne-wurtli, ) pgn;„e.wurth, \ Pe^'ne-wurth, pen'ne-wurth, ) pgn,ne-warth.
( pen'nurth, ) f pen'nuith, pen'nurth, )
PEN'TE-€OST, pen'te-koste, pen'te-koste, pen'te-kost, pen'te-koste, pen'te-koste, pen'te-kost.
PER-DU'RA-BLE, per'du-ia-bl, per'du-ra-bl, per'du-ra-bl, per'du-ra-bl.
PER'EMP-TO-RY, per'rera-tur-e, \ P§r'rem-tur-e, per-emp'to-re, ) pgr/rem-tur-e, per'em-tur-e, \ Per'?mp-tur-c,
( per-rem'to-re, per'emp-to-re, ) • ■ • " " ( per-em'to-re.
PER'FE€T, V. ■ per'fjkt, per'fekt, per'fekt, per'fekt, per'fekt, \ Pe''f?J^t>
( per-fekt'.
PER-FuME', per'fume, per'fume, j per-fume', | pgr'f ilme, per'fume, perfume.
t per'fume, )
PER-FUN€'TO-RY, per'funk-tur-9, per-fiink'tur-e, per-f unk'to-re, per-funk'tur-e, per-funk'tur-?
PER-MIT', per'mit, per'mit, per-mit', per'mit, per'mit, per-mit'.
PER'SPI-RA-BLE, per-spi'rebl, per-spi'ra-bl, p?r-spl'ra-bl, per-spi'rai-bl, per-spira-bl, per-spI'ra-bL
PER'SPI-RA-TlVE, per-spl're-tiv, per-spi'r^-tiv, per-spi'ra-tiv, per-spi'r^i-tiv, p^r-spi'rsi-tiv.
PER'TUR-BATE, per-tur'bate, p?r-tur'bate, per-tiir'bate, per-tur'bate, per-tur'bate, per-tur'bate.
Pe'TAL, pet'al, pe'tal, pet'sil, pet'al, pS'tul, pet'ul, pet'al, pe'tal, pe'ta!.
PHALANX, f a'lanks, \ f ^'lanks, f al'^nks, f a'lanks, f a'lanks, ) f a/lanks.
' ( f al'anks, f a'lanks, f al'anks, f al'^inks, )
PHAR-MA-CEU'TI€, f ar-ma-kii'tik, f ar-m^-su'tik, far-ma-su'tjk
PHT'LO-MEL, fil'o-mel, fil'o-mel, fil'9-mel, fil'o-mel, fil'o-mel, fi'lo-mel.
PHLEG-MAT'I€, fleg'msi-tik, fleg'raa-tik, fleg-mat'ik, fleg'ma-rtkj fleg-mat'ik, fleg'ma-tik^
PHL0-6IS'T0N flo-gis'ton Uo-jis'ton, flo-jis'tun, flo-jis'tgn, flp-jis'ton, flo-jis'tgn,
' ■ ■ ' ( flo-gis'ton, flo-gis'tun, flo-gis'ton, flo-gis'ton, flo-gis'ton.
PHRE-NET'I€, fren'e-tik, fre-net'ik, fr?-net'ik, fr?-net'ik, fre-net'ik, fre-net'jk.
PHYS-I-OG'NO-MY, fiz-?-6g'no-me, f izh-e-og'no-me, f iz-e-og'no-me, fiz-e-og'nQ-me, fiz-?-og'no-m?, K^^'^'°^'"°'™^
( f iz-e-5n'9-me
PHYS-I-OL'O-GY, f iz-e-Sl 9-je, fizh-e-ol'9-j?, fiz-e-ol'9-je, fiz-e-ol'9-je, fiz-e-ol'o-je, fiz-e-ol'o-je
FIERCE, pers, peers, pers, peers, peers, pers, peers, pers, peers.
PLa'CA-BLE, pla'kabl, pla'kai-bl, plak'a-bl, pla'kgi-bl, pla'ka-bl, pla'ka-bl.
PLa'GIA-RY, pla'dzh?r-e, pla'JEi-re, pla'je-a-re, pla'dje-a-r?, pla'je-^r-e, pla'je-a-re.
PLA-Tl'NA, plat'e-na, plat'?-na.
PLa'TO-NIST^ plat'9-nist, plat'9nist, pla't9-nist
PLe'IADS, (ple'yadz) pli'adz, ple'y^idz, ple'yadz, ple'adz, ple'y?dz, pla'y$tdz.
PLe'NA-RY, plen'ner-?, i P^en'^-re, j p]gn'^-re, plen'si-re, plen'^-r?, ple'n^i-re.
( ple'na-re, )
PLEN'TE-OUS, plgn'chus, plen'che-us, plen'te-us, plen'tg-us, plen'tyus, plen'tf-us.
PLTC'A-TURE, pli'ka-choor, plik'si-chure, pli'k§i-ture, plik'91-ture.
' I pwoe'nent, poe'nant, pSe'nant, pw6e'n?int, pwoe'nant, pof'njnt.
(poin'ant) )
POL'Y-THE-ISM, pol-l?-the'izm, pbl'le-the-izm, pol-le-the'izm, pol'le-the-Izm, pol'?-the-izni, pol'le-th?-izra
POS-SESS', puz-zes', poz-zes', p9Z-zes', p9Z-zes', poz-zes', p9Z-zes'.
POS-SESS'0-RY, poz'zes-sur-e, poz'zes-sur-e, poz'zes-so-re, poz-zes'sur-e, poz'z?s-sur-e, poz'zfS-siir-?.
POST'HU-MOUS, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mu3, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mus.
PoS-TILL'ION, ) p5s-til'lyun, pos-til'yun, pos-tll'yun, pos-til'yun, pos-til'yun, pos-ta'ytin
(pos-til'yun) ) ' ' ,
POTH'ER, putb'er, putfi'er, putft ft, putfi'er, puth'?r, potfi'?r.
POUR poo'ur, pour, pdSr p8dr, pBr, pore, pawr, pore.
fVebster
PRe'FE€-TURE,
PRELACY,
PRELATE,
PRELUDE,
PReM'IER,
PREM-U-Nl'RE,
FRE'SaGE,
PRESCIENCE,
PRE-TEXT',
iPRl-MOR'DI-AL,
PRI'VA-CY,
PRlV'A-TlVE,
PRO'BA-TO-RY,
PRO-CEEDS',
PRO'€U-RA-CY,
PRO'nLE,
PROG-RESS', V.
PRO'LIXi
PRO-LO-CU'TOR,
PRO'LOGUE,
(pro'log)
Sheridan.
pre'fek-chur,
prel'les-e,
prel'let,
prel'lude,
prem'yer,
prem'mu-ni-re,
pres'sadzh,
pre'shens,
pre-tekst',
prl-mor'dzhel,
priv've-se,
priv'va-tiv,
pr5'b^-tur-e,
prok'ku-res-f,
pro-feel',
prog'gris,
pro-liks',
prol'o-ku-tur,
\ prol'lug,
PRO-MUL-Ga'TOR, pr9-mul'ga-tur,
PRO-NUN-CI-A'TION. 1
PRO-PI-TI-A TION, j 2
(piro-pis-e-a'shun) )
PRO-Pl"TIA-TO-RY. 3
S"V;j\Uibxfe. XIX
Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton t[ Knight. Jameson.
pref'fek-ture, pre-fek'ture, pref'fek-tQre, pref'ek-ture, pre'fek-ture
prel'la-se, prel'a-se, prel'lai-se, prel'si-se, prel'la-se.
prel'lat, prel'at, prel'let, prel'fit, prel'lat.
prel'ude, prel'ude, prel'ude, prel'ude, prel'flde.
preme'yer, pre'me-er, prem'yer, pre'myer, • prem&'yer.
prem'mu-ni-re, prem'u-ni-re, prem'mu-ni-re, prem'u-ni-re, prem'mu-ni-re.
pres'sadje, " pres'aje, j prSs'sadje, pres'aje j prgs'saje.
^ •' ' i- J ' I pre'sadje, pr^-saje', )
pre'she-ens, presh'ens, pre'she-ens, pre'she-ens, pre'she-ens.
pr?-tekst', pre-tekst', j pr?-teksi', j pr^.tekst', pre-tSkst'.
' pre teKStj /
I pri-mor'de-al, ) pix-mor'de-al, pri-mor'de-ul, pri-mor'de-el, pri-mor'de-jl.
pri-mor'je-^1, )
jpri'v^-se, |pri,va-se, j Pri'va-se, pri'va-se, J p.j/^a-se.
( priv'a-se, ) ' ' I priv'a-se, priv'ei-se, )
priv'^-tiv, pri'vEi-tiv, prlv'a-tiv, priv'a-tiv, priv'va-tiv.
prob'a-tur-e, pro'ba-to-re, prob'a-tur-e.
pro-seedz', pr5'seedz.
prok'u-ra-se, prok%-ra-se, prok'u-ra-se.
pro'fil, pro-feel', pro-feel', pro-feel', pro-feel', pro'feel.
prog-'gres, prog'res, prog'gres, prog'res, pro'gres.
pro-liks', prg-liks', pro-liks', pro-liks', pro-liks'.
prol-o-ku'tur, pr5-lo-ku'tur, pro-lok'ku-tur, pro-lok'u-tur, pro-lo-ku'tur.
pr61'l9g, prol'og, prol'log, prol'og, pro'log.
prom-ul-ga'tur, \ P^o-^vl-ga'tur, | prgm-ul-ga'tur, prom-ul-ga'tur, pro-mul-ga'tur.
( pro-mul'ga-tur, )
PRO-SO'DI-AN,
pr9S-s6'dyen,
pro-sod'e-an,
pro-so'd?-un.
pro-so'dyan,
pros-o'de-an.
PRO'TA-SIS,
, pro-ta'sis,
pro-ta'sis,
pro't^-sis.
PRO'TEST, n.
pro-test'.
pro-test', prot'est, pro-test',
pro'test.
pro-test',
pro'test.
PRO-VoST', (pro-vo';
.(pro-vo',
( prov'vust,
prov'vust,
pro-vo',
i prov'ust,
prov'vust.
pro-v5',
prov'vust,
I prov'vust.
PRO'VOST-SHIP,
prov'vust-ship,
prov'vust-sbip,
prov'ust-ship,
prov'vust-ship.
PROW,
pro.
prou, pro,
prouj
prou,
prou,
pro.
PROWESS,
prou'is,
prou'es, pro'js,
prou'es.
prou'?s.
prou'es,
prou'es.
PTIS'AN, (tiz'an)
tiz-zan')
tiz-zan'.
tiz'cin.
tiz'zun.
tiz-an',
tiz-zan'.
PU'IS-SANCE,
pu'is-sens,
j pu'is-sans,
( pu-is'sans,
pu-is'sans,
puis-sans,
pu'is-SEins,
pii'is-SEins.
PUM'lCE,
pa'mis.
pu'mis, piim'mis, pum'is,
pu'mis,
pu'mis.
piim'mis.
PUSTULE,
pus'chul,
pus'chule.
piis'tule,
pus'chule,
pus'tule,
piis'tiile.
PUT,
put.
put, put,
put.
put.
PYG'ME-AN,
pig-me'en,
pe-ri'tez,
pig-me'£in,
( pe-ri'tez,
( pir'e-tez,
pig'me-sin,
pir'e-tez,
pe-ri'tez.
pig-me'an.
pe-ri'tez.
PYRITES,
1 pe-ri'tez,
pe-ri'tez,
PY'RO-MAN-CY,
pi'ro-m&n-se,
pir'o-m5n-se,
( pe-rom'^n-se,
( pir'9-man-s?.
> pir'o-man-se,
pir'o-man-se,
pi'ro-man-se.
PYR'0-TE€H-NY,
pi'ro-tek-ne,
pir'o-tek-ne.
pir-o-tek'n^,
pir'o-tek-n?,
pir'o-tek-ne,
pi'ro-tek-ne.
aUAL'I-FY,
kwal'e-fi,
kwol'e-fi.
kwol'e-fi,
kwol'e-fi.
kwol'e-fi.
kwbl'e-fi.
aUALM, (quam)
kwam.
kwam.
kwam.
kwam,
kwim.
kwam.
aUAN'DA-RY,
kwon-da're.
kwon-da're.
kwain-da're.
kwon-da're.
kwon-da're.
kwon-da'r?.
aUAN'TI-TY,
kwSn'te-te,
kwon'te-te,
kwon'te-te.
kwon'te-te,
kwon'te-te,
kwon'te-te.
aUAY, (ke)
ka.
ke,
ke,
ke,
kS,
ke.
aUIN-TES'SENCE.
, kwin'tis-s?ns,
( kwin'tcs-sens,
( kwin-tes's?ns,
> kwint'es-sens,
kwin'tes-sens,
kwin'tes-sens.
kwin-tes'sens
QUOTE,
kote,
kvvote.
kote,
kw3te,
kwote.
kwote.
auoTH,
kotb,
kwiith, kwoth.
, koth, kQth,
kwuth.
kwoth.
kwoth.
aUO-TID'I-AN,
ko-tldzh'en,
kwo-tid'je-Ein,
ko-tid'e-an,
kwo-tid'f-un,
kwo-tid'y^n.
kwo-tid'e-an
aUo'TIENT,
ko'shent.
kwS'shent,
ko'shent,
kwo'shent,
kwo'shent.
kwo'shent.
RA'DI-ANT,
ra'dzh?nt.
( ra'de-fint,
( ra'je-Eint,
j ra'de-ant.
ra'de-unt,
ra'dyant,
ra'de-|int
Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton Sf Knight. Jameson.
1 prQ-nun-sha'shan, pro-niin-she-a'shun, pro-nun-se-a'shun, pro-niin-se-a'shun, pro-niin-she-a'shun, pro-niin-she-a'shun
2 pro-p?-shd.'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun
pr9-pish'?-tur-e pro-pish'e-?i-tur-e, pro-pish'f-a-tur-e, pro-pish e-ai-Pur-e, org-pish'e-^i-tur-e, pro-pish '^-j-tur-p.
xi SYNOPSIS.
Websitr. Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson.
Ra'DI-ATE, r&'dzhate, j ^a'df-ate, j ra'd?-ate, ra'de-ate, ra'df-ate, ra'd?-at«
I ra'je-ate, )
Ra'DI-US, ra'dzhua, < ra'de-us, j ra'de-us, ra'de-us, ra'df-ns, ra'de-us.
< ra'j?-us, )
RAILLERY, rai'l^r-?, r&l'ler-e, ral'ler-e, ral'ler-re, ral'lgr-?, rai'ler-e.
RAIS'IN, ra'zn, re'zn, ra'zin, le'zn, razn, rezn, ra'zin.
RAR'I-TY, ra'rit-e, | rar'e-te, j rir'e-t?, rar'e-te, j rar'?-te, j ra're-te.
' • ■' < ra're-te, ) ' ^' /rar'e-te, )
RASE, rase, raze, rase, raze, rase, raze, rase^ raze.
RASP'BER-RY. ras'ber-e, ras'ber-e, rasp'ber-e, ras'ber-e, rasTj^r-e, ras'ber-?.
RAT-A-FIA, jrat-?-fe'9, j rat-a-fe'?, Uat-a-fe'?,, rat-ci-fe', rat-?-fe'a, r&t-|i-fe'a.
(rat-a-fee') 1 ' *' < rat-a-f e', ) " '' '^ •
RATII'ER, ratfi'er, ratfi'er, ra'ther, rath'er, rath'er, rat&'er, ra'tfier.
RA-TI-0-CIN-A'TIO.V. l
Ra'TION-AL, rash'un-el, rash'un-al, rash'un-al, rash'un-fil, rSsh'un-^il, rash'un-?!.
RA-TION-a'LE, rash-e-o-na'le, ra-she-o-na'le
RE-CEP'TA-€LE, res'sep-tekl, j res'sep<a-kl, | re-sep'ta-kl, res'sep-ta-kl, res'sep-ta-kl, re-sep'ta-kl.
( rf-sep'ta-kl, )
RE-CEP'TO-RY, res'sep-tur-e, res'sep-tur-e, re-sep'to-re, res'sep-tur-?, res's?p-tur-e
RECOGNITION. 2 '
RECOGNIZANCE. 3
RECOGNIZE, re-kog-nize', rek'kog-nize, rek'on-Ize, rek'k9g-nize, rek'9g-nize, rek'kog-nize.
RECOGNIZOR, re-kon-e-zor', re-kog-ne-z6r', r?-kon-e-zor', rc-kog-ne-zSif'
REC'ON-DITE, re-kon-dite' rek'kon-dlte, re-kon'dit, rek'kon-dlte, j rek'on-dite, ) igj^/fcon-dite.
( re-kon'dit, )
RECORD, re-k3,rd', rek'grd, re-kord', rek'ord, rek'ord, re-k§ird', rek'ord, re-kord', rek'prd.
RE-CtJ'SANT, rek'ku-zant, j r?-ku'zant, j re-ku'zant, re-ku'zunt, j ''i'^^^^"^' j re-kuzant.
( rek'ku-zant, ) ( rek'ku-zant, )
RE-FECT'0-RY, ref'fek-tur-e, j re-fek'tur-e, [ te-f ek'to-r?, ref'fek-tur-?, refek-tyr-e, re-fek'tur-e.
( ref ek-tur-e, *
REFRAGABLE, rePfrsi-ga-bl, ref'fr^i-ga-bl, \ r^-fr^g'^-bl, ) _ _ reffra-ga-bl.
' refra-ga-bl, ) ' "•
REF'USE, reffuze, refuse, refuze, ref'fuse, reffuse, refuse.
RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, re-me'dyebl, re-me'de-51-bl, re-med'e-a-bl, re-me de-?-bl, re-me'dyabl, re-me'de-a-bl
RE-MED'I-LESS, rem'e-de-lis, rem'e-de-les, re-med'e-l?s, \ rem'e-de-les, ) j-g^fnie-de-lg?
( re-med'e-les, ) ' '
RE-MORSE', re-mars', j re-mors', re-morse', j re-m3Lrs', re-m6rs', re-mois'.
( re-morse', re-mors', )
REN'DEZ-V5US, ron'de-voo, ren-de-vo6z', ren'de-v68z, ren-da-vo6', ren-de-vuz', rln-de-v66z'.
REN'I-TEN-GY, re-nl'ten-se, re-nl'ten-se, ren'e-ten-se, r?-ni'ten-s?, re-ni'ten-se, re-nl'ten-se
RE-x,"UN-ClA'TION. 4
REP'ER-TO-RY, rep'per-tur-e, rep'per-tur-e, rep'er-to-re, rep'per-tur-e, rep'er-tur-e, rep'per-tur-?
RE-SIL'I-ENCE, re-sil'yens, re-zil'e-ens, re-zil'e-ens, re-sil'e-^ns, r?-sil'yens, re-zxl'e-?ns
EES'O-LU-BLE, re-sol'u-bl. rez'o-lfl-bl, rez'o-lu-bl, rez'o-lu-bl, rez'o-lu-bl, rez'o-lu-bl.
RES'PI-RA-BLE, res'pe-r?i-bl, re-splr'^-bl
RETAIL, V. re-tale', re-tale', re-tale', r?-tale', re-tale', r?-tale'.
RE'TAIL, n. re-tale', re'tale, re'tale, re-tale', re-tale', re'tale.
RET'I-NUE, re-tin'nu, ~ Uet'e-nu, j rgt'e-nu, j ret'e-nu, ret'e-nu, ret'e-na,
I re-tin'nu, ) ( re-tin'nu, re-tin'u, re-tin'nu.
RE-TRIB'UTE, ret'tre-bute, r?-trib'ute, re-trib'ute, re-trib'ute, I re-tnb'ute, ) le-trib'ute
( ret're-bute, ) '
REV'E-NUE, |rev'e-nu, rev'e-nu, | rev'e-nii, j rev'e-nu, rev'e-nu, rev'e-nu,
( re-ven'u, re-ven'nu, ) ( re-ven'nu, re-ven'u, re-ven'nu.
REV'ER-Y, rev'-'fr-?, rev'er-e, \ *®^ ^"''^' { rev'?-re, rev'er-e, rev-er-e'.
( rev-e-re', )
RE-VOLT', re-volt', j ''•'^!!^'' j re-volt', r?-v6lt', r?-volt', re-volt'
( re-volt'; )
RHOMB, romb, rumb, rumb, riimb, rumb. romb.
uivin± juxjuci, J rl'chus, ri'che-us, « ri'che-us, ri'che-us, rit'yus, ri'te-us.
(ri'cbus) ) ...
IIT'SI-BLE, ris'ibi, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl, riz'e-bl.
ROMANCE, r9-mans', ro-mans', ro-mans', ro-mans', ro-mans', r9-mans'.
ROa'UE-LAUR, rok'kl?, rok-e-lor', rok'e-16, rok'e-Jo, rok'e-lo.
RO'SE-ATE, ro'zyft, r3'zhe-at, ro'zhe-at, ro'zhe-at, rS'zhyate, ro'zhe-at.
ROUTE, r6ot, rout, root, rout, root, root, rout, root.
RUF'FIAN, riiffyan, rufyan, riifyan, rufyun, riiffyan, rufy^n.
Sheridan, Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton Sf Knight. Jameson.
1 r?i-sh&-se-na'shun, raeh-e-os-e-na'shun, rSsh-e-os-e-na'shun, rash-e-os-^-na'shun, rSsh-?-os-e-na'shun, ra-she-os-e-na'shun
2 re-k9g-nish'un, rek-k9g-ni3h'un, rS-kog-nish'un, rek-kog-nish'un, rek-og-nish'un, rek-k9g-nish'un.
s r?-kon'e-z?ng, rf-kog'n?-zans, re-kon'e-zfins, r?-kog'ne-zuns, rf-kog'ne-zans, S ^^'*^°^ ne-z^ns,
I re-kon'e-ZEins.
4 r5-nun-sha'sljHn, re-nun-sh?-a'shun, re-niin-she-a'shun, r?-nun-s?-a'sliun, re-iiQn-abe a'shun, r^-nfin-she-a'shun
SYNOPSIS.
xxi
Webster.
Shendan,
Walker.
Perry.
Jona?.
Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson
SAB'A-OTH,
sSb'5i-oth,
saffurn,
s?-ba'oth,
saffurn,
s?i-ba'9lh,
saffurn,
S5t-ba'9th,
saf'fuirn,
sab'ii-Sth.
SAF'FRON,
sSffrun,
safrun.
SAG'IT-TAL
ssi-dzhit't?l,
sai'ly?nt,
sad'je-t?l,
sa'l?-?nt.
sad'je-t9l,
sa'le-ent,
sad'jf-t^.
sa'l9-?nt.
Sa'LI-ENT,
sa'le-?nt,
sa'ly?nt,
SA-LlNE',
S5i-line',
SEi-line', sa'line
, sa-line',
sji-line',
s^i-line',
ssi-Iine'.
SALIVAL,
S?-1I'V?1,
1 sal'e-v^l,
I sHi'v?l,
sal'e-vsil,
sst-li'val.
I
s?-Ii'vg.l,
sa-lI'v^L
i
SA-Li'VOUS,
ssi-li'vus.
( sa-li'vus,
( sal'e-vus.
sal'?-vys,
s^i-li'vuis,
\
sHi'vys,
sji-li'vyg.
1
SALVE, (sav)
sav,
saiv,
sav.
salv.
salv,
saiv, sar.
SAPPHIRE
saf'fir,
sar-do'niks,
S9i-sl/e-t¥,
saf'fir,
sar'do-niks,
sHi'e-t?,
saffire.
saf'fir,
sar'd9-niks,
sMi'«-te,
saffjr.
sar'd9-nitk8.
sHi'H?.
SAR'DO-NYX
sar'do-niks,
Sfi-ti'e-t?,
SA-TI'E-TY,
sHi'?-te,
SAT'IRE,
sa'ter,
( sa'tur, sat'ur,
I sa'tire, sat'iie,
1 sa'tur.
sa'tur,
sa'ter,
sa't?r.
SAT'URN,
sa'tum.
sa'turn, sat'urn
, sat'urn.
sa'turn,
sa'turn,
sa'turn.
Sa'TYR,
sa'tfr,
sa'tur, sat'ur.
sa'tur,
Sa'tur,
sa't?r,
sa't?r.
SAUN'TER, (san'ter]
1 s^wn'ter.
san'tur, SELwn'tur,sawn'tur,
san'tur.
san'ter,
san'ter.
SAU'SA6E,
sas'sMzh,
1 saw'sidje,
I sas'sidje.
1 sa.w'saje,
sos'sidje,
sos'aj«,
sJLw'saje.
S€ATH,
skath,
sed'dzhfU,
skath,
( sed'jule,
I sked'jule.
skath.
SeriED'ULE,
sked'ule,
sed'ule.
j sed'ule,
sed'ule,
( sked'ule, "
( shed'ule.
SCHIS-MAT'I€,
siz'm5i-tik,
siz'm^-tik,
siz-mat'ik.
9iz'm?-tik,
siz'm?i-tik.
siz'm^i-tik.
SCI-OM.'A-€HY,
skl-om'ma-ke.
sl-om'ma-ke.
si-om'Fi-ke,
si-bm'mfi-k?,
si-om'si-ke,
si-8m'e-ke.
SEM-I-PE'DAL,
sem-me-pe'dfl.
, se-mip'f-dal,
sem-e-pe'djl.
se-mip'e-d?tl.
SEN'ES-CHAL,
sen'nes-kel,
sen'nes-ksil,
sen'e-shal,
sen'nes-kul,
sen'es-k^il.
sen'ne-sh^il.
SE-aUES-TRA'TOR
,, sek'wes-tra-tur
, sek-wes-tra'tur
, se-kwes-tra'tur,
, sek-wfs-tra'turj
, sek-w?s-tra'tur
, se'kwes-tra-tur
SER-PI'GO
ser-pi'go.
1 ser-pi'go,
1 ser-pe'go.
j ser'pe-g5,
ser-pe'g9.
ftJXJXV X X \JV^,
SES-aUIP'E-DAL,
ses-kwe-pe'del
, ses-kwip'pe-d^l, .
.
ses-kwip'e-dji)
SEWER,
sh5re,
shore,
shore.
shore,
sh5re,
shore.
SEX'A-GEN-A-RY. 1
1
SHAM'OIS, (e)
SHER'EET,
sham 'me,
sher-bet'.
sham'm?,
sher-bet'
sham'me.
shfr-bet',
sh?r-bet',
sher-bet',
sh^r-bet'.
SHIRE,
shire.
shere.
shere,
shere.
shire, shere.
shire.
SIIIVE,
shive.
shive,
shive.
shive.
shive.
shive.
SHONE,
shon,
shon.
shun.
shon.
shon,
shon.
SHOOK,
shftk.
shook,
shfik,
shfik.
shfik,
sh88k
SIREN,
si'ren,
si'ren.
Si'ren,
si'ren,
sfren,
si'r?n.
SIR'RAH,
sar'rsi,
sar'ra.
sar'rah.
sar'ra.
sar'ra,
ser'r?.
SiR'UP,
sur'rup.
sur'rup,
sir'rup.
sur'rup.
ser'rup.
ser'rup.
SLAB'BER,
slob'bur.
siab'bur, slob'bur,slob'ber,
siab'bur.
slab'ber.
slab'ber.
SLOTH,
sloth,
sloth,
sloth.
sloth.
sloth.
sloth.
So'CIA-BLE,
so/sh?-bI,
so'she-Ei-bl,
so'she-Ei-bl,
so'sha-bl.
s5'sh?-Ei-bl,
s6'she-si-bL
SO'JOURN,
so'jurn,
so'jurn.
so'jurn, so-jurn
', so'jurn.
so'jurn,
so'jurn.
SOL'DER,
sod'dur,
sol'dur.
sol'd?r.
sol'dfr.
sol'der.
sol'der.
SO-NA'TA,
so-na't?.
so-na'tfi.
S9-na'ta,
so-na'ta.
so-na'tst,
S9-na't5i.
SOOT,
sut,
soot.
sut,
sfit.
sut.
sut.
s6u-CH0NG',
sou-chong',
sorse.
s66-shong',
soors,
. sou-chong"
sorse.
Source,
sorse.
sorse.
sorse.
sous.
s63.
souse, s6o,
s66,
s8S,
s88,
s83.
SOUTH-EAST',
soutfi'eest,
suth'?r-l?,
soutn'eest,
sut&'er-l?,
south'er-l?.
south'eest,
j suth'er-l?.
south'eest.
S6UTH'ER-LY,
. sutn'eHe.
SOUTH'ERN,
suth'urn,
( south'urn,
( sutii'urn.
j sutn'ern,
I soutfi.'?rn,
i suth'frn,
) soutn'em,
) sutft'em.
SOUTH'WARD,
suth'^ird,
< soutri'w?trd,
I suth'urd.
1 suth'sird,
sutli'urd,
< south' wyrd,
1 suth'urd,
1 soutfi'w9rd.
SPAN'IEL,
span'ny?l,
span'yel,
span'fl,
span'y?!,
span'y?].
span'yel.
SPER-MA-Ce'TI,
sper-m^i-sit'tf.
sper-m5i-se'te,
sper-ma-se'tf.
sper-ma-sit'te,
sper-m^-se'tf,
sper-mai-se't?
SPIKE'NARD,
spike'nsird.
spike'nard,
spike'n^ird,
spike'njird,
spike'naird,
spike'nard.
SPIR«A-€LE,
spi're-kl,
spir'^-kl,
spi'r^-kl.
spir'^-kl,
spir'?-kl.
spi'r9-kl.
SaUIR'REL,
skwgr'ril,
skwer'rel.
skwer'rel.
skwer'r?!.
skwer'r?],
skwer'rel.
STI-PEND'I-A-RY,
sti-pen'dzh?r-?
sti-pen'de-si-r?,
' sti-pen'j?-fi-r?,
j sti-pen'd?-?-r?.
sti-pen'd?-?i-re.
, sti-pen'dy^-r?.
sti-pen'd?-|i-r?.
STIR'RUP,
stQr'rup,
stur'rup.
star'rup.
stur'rup, •
ster'rup,
ster'rup.
STREW,
str55.
stro.
stru, stro,
stro6,
stro.
strSd.
Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton tf Knight. Jameson.
ifki-adzh'en-er-e, seks-Sd'jen-jr-f , sfks-adljen-^r-ei sek9-&d'jen-^-re, seks-Sj'e-njr-e, s?ks-ad'jen-?r-t.
xxii
SYNOPSlfe.
Webster
Sheridan.
Walker.
Perry.
Jones.
Fulton Sc Knight, jameson
STt'DI-OUS,
stu'dzhus.
{ stu 'de-US,
I stu'j?-us.
j stu'de-us.
stu'de-us,
stu'de-Jjis,
stu'd?-ua
SCB-4iL'TERN,
sub'5il-tern,
sub'^l-tern.
sub'?l-tern,
sub'ul-tern,
sub'jl-tern,
sub'?J-tern.
SUB-SID'I-A-RY,
sub-sid'yer-e,
( sub-sid'e-Ei-re,
( sub-sid'je-51-re.
1 sub-sid'e-?-re,
sub-sid'e-gi-r?,
sub-sid'ygi-r?,
sub-sid'e-gi-r?
SUB-SULT'0-RY,
sub'sul-tyr-?.
sub'sul-tur-e,
sub-sul'to-re.
sub-sul'tur-?,
sub'SLd-ttJ-e
. . .
SUB'TIL,
sub'til.
sub'ta.
sub'til, sut'tl.
sub'til,
sub'til,
sub'til.
SUB'TIL-IZE,
sub'til-ize,
sub'til-ize.
( sut'tl-ize,
I sub'til-ize.
I
. sub'til-ize.
)
SU€-CESS'OR,
suk'ses-sur,
1 suk's^s-sur,
( suk-ses'ur,
I suk-ses'ur.
suk-ses'sur.
suk'ses-ur.
suk-ses'ur.
SUG-6EST',
sud-dzhest'.
sug-jest'.
sug-jest'.
sug-djest'.
sug-jest'.
sud-jest'.
SUITE,
sweet.
sweet,
sute,
sweet.
sweet,
sute.
SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TO-RY. i
Su'PER-FlNE,
sh8&-per-fine',
su-per-fine'.
su-per-fine'.
su-p?r-fine',
su-per-fine'.
su-per-fine'.
SUR-PLUS'A6E,
SUR'VEY, n.
sur'plus-?dzh,
sur'v?,
sur'plus-idje,
sur-va', sur'va.
sur'plas-aje,
sur'vsi.
• sur'plus-aj©.
sur-va'.
sur'va.
sur'v^i'.
SWoRD,
Eord,
sord,
sord.
sord,
sord.
sord.
SYS'TEM-A-TiZE
sis-tem'?-tize,
{ taps'tre,
l tap'es-tre,
sis'te-m^-tize,
1 tap'?s-tre.
. sis'tem-9-tize.
TAP'ES-TRY,
taps'tr?,
taps'tre.
tap'?s-tre,
tap'es-tr?.
TAS'SEL,
tos'I,
tas'sel,
tas'sel.
tas'sel,
tas'sel.
tas'sel.
TAUxNT,
tawnt.
fant, t^iwnt.
tawnt.
tant.
tant.
tant, tawnt.
TeD^-OUS,
te'dzhus,
te'de-us, te'je-us
5, te'de-us, te'je-us, te'de-us,
te'dyus,
te'de-us.'
TEN'A-BLE,
te'ne-bl,
ten'a-bl.
ten'a-bl.
ten'si-bl.
ten'ei-bl,
te'n^-bl.
TEN'ET,
te'net.
ten'nit.
ten'et.
ten'et.
ten'et, te'net.
te'net.
TEN'URE,
te'nyur,
te'nure,
ten'ur.
te'nure.
te'nure.
ten'yur.
Te'TRAR€H,
te'trark.
. te'trark, tet'r^irk, te'trark.
te'trark,
te'trark.
^ te'trark,
c tet'rjirk.
TET'RAR-€HY,
tet'trar-ke.
tet'rar-kf,
the, the.
te'trar-ke,
the, the.
. tet'rar-k?.
THE,
tlie, the.
the, the.
the, the.
the, th?.
'iHERE'FORE,
(tfier'fore)
THREEPENCE,
j thgr'f ore.
ther'fore,
thdre'fSre,
thare'fore,
ther'fore,
thare'fore.
j thrip'ens,
thi,
thrgp'ens,
thi, the.
threp'ens,
thi,
thrip'fns,
thi,
thrip'ens
thi.
(thripens)
THY,
thi.
THYME,
time,
time.
time.
time.
time,
time
TI-A'RA,
ti-a'ra.
ti-4r'it.
ti-a'ra,
ti-a'rai.
TIERCE,
ters.
ters,
teers.
tSers,
ters,
teers.
TIN'Y,
ti'ne.
ti'ne.
ti'ne.
ti'ne.
tPn?,
ti'n?.
T(5,
tH>
tSo,
tu, t66,
tu, tSS,
tu, t86.
tbt.
TOOK,
tuk.
t6ok,
tuk.
Ifik,
took.
t66k.
TOir-PET',
too-pe'.
too-pet'.
too-pe',
too-pS',
too-p5'.
t09-pet'.
ToURN'A-MENT,
toor'n^i-ment,
( toor'nei-ment,
« tur'n?-ment.
toor'n?i-ment.
tur'ngi-ment.
t&Sr'n^i-ment,
tore'ne-ment
To'WARBS, prep.
to'rdz.
to'urdz.
j to'urdz,
( to-wardz',
j to'rdz,
to'ardz.
tafardz.
TO'WARD, a.
tS'werd,
t5'wurd.
to'ard.
to'wurd.
ta'^ird.
TRaIT,
tra,
tra, trate.
tra.
tra,
trate, tra,
tra, trate.
TRANS'LA-TO-RY,
trans'la-tur-e.
tr^ms-la'tur-e,
tr^-vers'.
trans-la'to-r?,
trav'frs.
. tranz-la'tur-e .
TRAVERSE, adv.
trav'ers,
trav'ers.
trav'ers,
trav'ers.
TRAY iBRSE, prep.
trsi-vers',
tra-vers'.
trSv'frs,
. trav'ers.
TREB'LE, (trib'bl)
treb'l,
treb'bl,
treb'bl.
. .
. treb'bl.
TRIG'0-NAL,
tri'gg-nel,
trig'o-nal,
trig'o-n?l,
. trig'o-nail.
TRIP'E-DAL,
tri-pe'del,
trip'e-dal.
trip'?-dal.
. .
. . .
. trip'e-dal.
TRI'POD,
trl'p9d,
tri'pod, trip'od,
trip'ud, tri'p9d.
tri'pod.
tri'pod.
tri'pod.
TRIS'YL-LA-BLE,
tris'sil-la-bl,
tris'sil-lci-bl.
tris-sil'la-bl,
tris'sil-l?-bl,
tris'sn-la bl,
tris'sil-Iai-bl.
TRi'UNE,
tri'une.
tri-Qne',
tri'une.
tri'une,
tri-une'.
tri'une.
TRUFFLE,
tredifl,
tr86'fl,
truffl.
troo'fl.
trSS'fl,
troo'fl.
TUR'CISM,
turk'izm.
tiir'sizm,
tiir'sizm.
TURK'OIS,
tur-kaze'.
tur-keez'.
tur-keez'.
tur-kaze',
tur-keez'.
TUR-MOIL',
tur'moil.
tuWmoil,
tur-moil',
tur'moil,
tur-moil',
tur-moil'.
TWID'LE,
twid'l,
twi'dl.
twid'dl,
twidl.
twi'dl.
TWO-PENCE,
tup'puns.
tup'pens.
tup'pens,
tup'ung.
tup'ens.
tup'pens.
TT-PO-GRAPH'I-€AL. 2
Sheridan.
Walker.
Perry.
Jones.
Fulton t[ Knight.
Jameson.
I 3h&&-p?r-er'ro-ga- | s„.per-er'ro-ga-tur
tur-9, '
-e, su-per-er'o-gai-
to-re,
per-er'ro-gst-tur-?
a tl-p9-gi-!lf ?-k?l Hp-9-graf ?-kfil,
tip-9-sraf/?-k$il
tip-o-gr&P?-kul, tip-9-grSP?-k?il, ti-]
P9-grSPf-kal.
s
YJNUrSlS.
XXlll
Webster.
Sheridan.
Walker.
Perry.
Jones.
Fulton 4r Knight. Jameson.
UM'BRA-TiLE,
um-brat'jl,
um'brHil,
um'br§i-til.
US'aUE-BAUGH,
iis-kwe-ba',
iis-kwe-ba',
us-kwe-baw',
us-kwe-bi',
us-kwe-ba',
us-kwe-biw'
U-TEN'SIL,
u't?n-sil,
yu'ten-sa,
yu-ten'sjl,
yu't?n-si!,
yu't?n-sil,
yy-ten'sjl.
VAC'IL-LAN-CY,
va-sil'l?n-se,
vas'sjl-liin-se.
vjs-sil'lEin-s?,
v3s'sjl-lan-s?,
Vas'sj\-lan-Sf.
VAL'ET,
va-let', vol'le,
val'et, V5i-let',
val'et,
vSl'et,
vai'et,
vSl'et, vol'la.
VAL-U-A'TOR,
vai'u-a-tur,
val-u-a'tur,
vai-u-a'tur.
val-u-a'tur.
VAN-f!f)UR'IER
van-kur'yer,
vase,
van-koor-yeer',
vaze.
van-ko6're-a.
VASE,
Vaze,
vaze.
vaze.
vaze, vS,z.
VAULT,
v§iwt,
vtwlt, vSlwt,
vawit,
vawlt.
v&wlt,
vawlt.
VAUNT,
v&.wnt,
viwnt.
v^wnt,
vant,
va,wnt,
vawnt.
VE-NEER',
fin-neer',
ve-n6gr',
ve-neer',
ve-neer'.
v?-neer',
ve-neep
VENISON,
vSn'is-sun,
ven'zn, ven'?-zn,ven'zn.
ven'?-zn,
ven'e-zn.
ven'zn,
ven'?-zn.
VERD'URE,
ver'dzhur.
ver'jure,
ver'dure.
ver'djure,
ver'dure.
verd'yur.
VER-MI-CEL'LI,
ver-me-chel'le,
ver-me-chel'l?.
ver-me-selle.
ver-me-chel'l?,
ver-me-chel'I?3
, ver-m?-chel'lf.
VERT'E-BRE,
ver'te-bre,
ver'te-bur,
, ver-ti'go,
ver'te-ber.
ver'te-bur,
ver'te-ber.
VERT'I-GO,
ver-ti'go.
J ver-te'go.
> ver'te-go,
ver't?-go,
ver-ti'g9,
ver-te'g9,
ver-ti'g9,
' ver'te-go,
)
ver-te'g9.
VIC'I-NAL,
ve-si'nel,
vis'e-n^l.
vis'in-^1,
vis'e-nul,
vis'e-nal,
vis-si'n?il.
VIC1NE,
ve-sine',
vis'inb,
vis'in.
Vf-sine',
v?-sine'.
VI-O-LON-CEL'LO,
vi-o-lon-chel'lo,
vi-o-l9n-chel'l9.
vi-9-lon-sel'l9,
ve-o-lon-chei'l9.
, ve-9-l9n-cheI'lo
', ve-9-l9n-stel'.9
ViR'TU,
ver-t66',
vir-tu'.
vir'tH.
ViRT'UE,
ver'chu,
ver'chu.
vir'tu.
ver'chu.
ver'tu.
VIZ'IER,
viz'yare,
viz'yeer.
vxz'yer,
viz-yere',
viz'yer, v?-zyer',viz'yeer.
VOL'UME,
vbl'yum,
vol'yume.
vol'um.
vol'yume,
vol'ume,
vol'yume.
WAIN'S€OT,
wen'skut,
wen'skut,
wan'skot,
wen'skut,
wens'k9t.
wane'sknt.
WaIST'€OAT,
wes'kot.
wast'kot.
wes'kut,
wast'kot, wes'k9t
WAN,
wan,
won,
won,
won,
won.
won.
WAR'RIOR,
wa.r'ryur.
war'yur,
wir'yur.
war'yur,
war'?-t:r,
wor r§-ar.
WASP,
wasp,
wosp.
wasp.
wosp.
wosp,
wosp.
V/AY-LaY',
wa'la,
wa-la',
wa-la'.
wa-la'.
wa-la',
wa'la.
WERE,
wer.
wer,
wer,
wer,
wer.
wer.
WHERE'FORE,
hwer'fore,
hware'fore,
hwdre'fore,
hware'fore,
hware'fore.
hware'fore.
WIND,
wind, wind,
wind, wind.
wind,
wind, wind,
wind, wind.
wind, wmd.
WOUND,
w36nd,
wSQnd, wound.
, woond, wound.
, wound, wS6nd,
, w66nd,
w6&nd.
WRATH,
r^th,
roth, rath,
rath.
rath.
rath.
rawth, rath
WREATH
reeth, reetfi,
reetfi,
reeth
reeth
reeth, rSetfi.
ya.
YEA, (ya)
ys,
ye,
y5,
ya,
ya, ys,
YeAST,
yest,
yest,
yeest, yest.
yeest,
ygst,
yest.
YELK,
y5ke,
yelk,
yelk, yoke,
yelk,
yoke,
yelk.
YEO'MAN,
yem'mun.
yo'mfin,
yo'm?n,
yS'mun,
yS'mjin,
yo'man.
YES,
yis,
yie,
ye-s.
yis,
yes, yis.
yes.
YES'TER-DAY,
yis't?r-da,
yes'ter-da,
yes'ter-da,
ygs't?r-da,
ySs't?r-da,
yes'ter-da.
YoLK,
y5ke,
yoke,
yoke,
y5ke.
yoke
ZEAL'OUS,
zel'us,
zel'us, zS'lus,
zel'us,
zSl'us,
zel'«.s,
zeiaus.
Ze'€HIN,
cli5i-k5ne',
chp-kSen',
ze'kjn,
che-k55n',
ch?-kegn',
ch?4?een'.
Ze'NITH,
zS'njtb,
ze'nith,
zS'nith,
ze'nitb,
zs'njth,
zen'njth,
ze'njth.
POINTED LETTERS.
A
has
A
has
A
has
A
has
fi
has
E
has
T
has
1
has
1
has
1
has
O
has
the long sound of a, as in fate.
the Italian sound of a, as in far.
the sound of aw, as hi fall.
the short sound of aw, as in what.
the long sound of e, as in mete.
the sound of long a, as in vein, and in there
the long sound of i, as in pine.
the short sound of i, as in pin.
the sound of long e, as in marine.
the sound of short m, as in bird.
the long sound of o, as in note.
O has the sound of oo, as in food.
O has the sound of oo, as in good, the same as u in/vZi
6 has the sound of short u, as in do»e.
tj has the long sound of «, as in tube.
[J has the sound of M, as in duZZ.
U has the sound of yu, as in union.
€ hard c, the same as k.
(5 soft g, the same as j.
S soft s, the same as z.
OH have the French sound, the same as sh.
TH have their vocal sound, as in this.
ABBREVIATIONS.
a. stands for adjective.
Eth. stands
for Ethiopic.
ado. ,
, for adverb.
Fr.
for Frejich.
eon. ,
, for connective, or conjunction.
O. or Oer. „
for German.
exclam. ,
, for exclamation, or interjection.
Gr.
for Greek.
l.u. ,
, for little used.
Goth.
for Gothic.
It. ,
, for name, or noun.
Heb.
for Hebrew.
obs.
, for obsolete.
Ice. „
for Icelandic.
prep.
, for preposition.
Ir.
for Irish, Hiberno-Celtic, and Gaelic
PP' ,
, for participle passive.
It. .,
for Italian.
ppr. ,
, for participle of the present tense.
Lat. or L. „
for Latin.
pret, ,
, for preterit tense.
Per.
for Persic, or Persian
pron. ,
, for pronoun.
Part.
for Portuguese.
e.i. ,
, for verb intransitive.
Russ. „
for the Russ language, or Russian.
V. t. ,
, for verb transitive.
Sam.
for Samaritan.
J3r. ,
for Arabic.
Sans. „
for Sanscrit.
w9nn. ,
, for Armoric.
Sax.
for Saxon, or Anglo-Saxon.
Ch. ,
, for Chaldee.
Sp.
for Spanish.
Gom. ,
, for Cornish.
Sw. „
for Swedish
I?an.
, for Danish.
Syr „
for Syriac.
Z>.
, for Dutch, or Belgic.
Jr „
for Welsh.
E«^.
, for England, or English.
AN
AMERICAN DICTIONARY
ENGLISH LANGUAGE.
ABA
A is the first letter of the alphabet in most of the known
tv languages of the earth : in the Ethiopic, however, it is
the thirteenth, and in the Runic the tenth. It is naturally
the first letter, because it represents the first vocal sound
naturally formed by the human organs ; being the sound
uttered with a mere opening of the mouth, without con-
straint, and without any effort to alter the natural posi-
tion or configuration of the lips.
A lias, m English, three sounds ; the long or slender, as
in place, fate ; the broad, as in xcall,fall, which is short-
ened in salt, ichat ; and the open, as in father, glass,
which is shortened in rather, fancy. Its primitive sound
was probably aw. A is also an abbreviation of the Saxon
an or ane, one, used before words beginning with a con-
sonant 3 as, a table, instead of an table, or one table.
This is a modern change ; for, in Saxon, an was used
before articulations as well as vowels ; as, an tid, a time,
an gear, a year. See An.
This letter serves as a prefix to many English words ; as in
asleep, awake, afoot, aground, agoing.
A is also used for anno, or ante ; as in amio Domini, the
year of our Lord 5 anno mundi, the year of the world ;
ante meridiem, before noon ; and for ai-ts, in artium ma-
gister, master of arts. Among the Romans, A U C stood
for anno ab urbe condita, from the building of the city, or
Rome
AAM, n. [Ch. ncN, or NcN.] A Dutch measm-e of liquids,
equal to 288 English pints.
A A-RON I€, } a. Pertaining to Aaron, or to the priest-
AA-RON I-€AL, \ hood of which he was the head.
AB, in English names, is an abbreviation of abbeij or ab-
bot : as Abbingdon, Abbeytown.
AB, a prefix to words of Latin origin, and a Latin preposi-
tion, as in abscond, is the Greek a-xo, and the Eng. of, Ger.
ab, D. af, Sw. Dan. af, written in ancient Latin, of. It
denotes /ro7n, separating or departure.
AB. The Hebsew name of/atAer. See Abba.
AB. A name of one of the Jewish months.
AB'A-CIST, n. ffrom abacus.'] One that casts accounts ; a
calculator.
A-BACK', adi. Towards the back ; on the back part •, back-
ward. — In seamen's language, it signifies the situation of
the sails, when pressed back against the mast by the
wind.
AB'A-€OT, 71. The cap of state, formerly used by English
kings
A-BA€'TOR, n. [L.] In laiv, one that ffeloniously drives
away or steals a herd or numbers of cattle at once, in
distinction from one that steals a sheep or two.
AB'A-€US, 71. [L.] 1. Among the Romans, a cupboard or
buffet. 2. An instrument to facilitate operations in arith-
metic. — 3. In architecture, a table constituting the upper
member or crowning of a column and its capital.
AB'A-€US PYTH-A-GOR'I-€US. The multiplication ta-
ble, invented by Pythagoras.
AB'A-eUS HAR-MON'I-€US The structure and disposi-
tion of the keys of a musical instrument.
AB'A-€US Ma-JOR. A trough used in mines, to wash i^re
in.
AB'A-DA, n. A wild animal of Africa.
A-BAD'DON, n. [Heb. na«.] 1. The destroyer, or angel of
the bottomless pit. 2. The bottomless pit. Milton.
A-B AFT , adv. or prep. [Sax. ceftan.] A sea-term, signify-
ing in or at the hinder part of a ship, or the parts which
lie towards the stern 5 opposed to afore. Relatively, it
denotes /wrt/ter aft, or towards the stem. It is often con-
tracted into aft.
ABA
ABA-GUN, n. The name of a fowl in Ethiopia
A-BAI'SANCE. See Obeisance.
AB-aL'IEN-ATE, (ab-ale'yen-ate) v. t. To transfer tha
title of property from one to another— a term of the civil
law.
AB-aL-IEN-a'TION, (ab-ale-yen-a'shun) n. The trans-
ferring of title to property. See Alienation.
t A-BAND', V. t. To forsake. Spenser.
A-BAN'DON, V. t. [Ft. abandonner.] 1. To forsake entire-
ly •, as, to abandon a hopeless enterprise. Dr. Mason. 2
To renounce and forsake ; to leave with a view never
to return ; to desert as lost or desperate. 3. To give up
or resign without control , as when a person yields him-
self, without restraint, to a propensity. 4. To resign ;
to yield, relinquish, or give over entirely.
t A-BAN'DON, 7?. 1 One who totally forsakes or deserts
2. A relinquishment.
A-BAN'DONED, pp. 1. Wholly forsaken or deserted. 2
Given up, as to a vice ; extremely wicked.
A-BANDON-ER, n. One who abandons,
A-BAN'DON-ING, ppr. Forsaking or deserting wholly ;
yielding one's self without restraint.
A-BAN'DON-ING, n. A forsaking ; total desertion.
A-BAN'DON-MENT, n. A total desertion ; a state of being
forsaken.
A-BAN'GA, n. The ady ; a species of palm-tree.
t AB-AN-Ni"TION, n. A banishment for one or two years
for manslaughter.
A-BAP-TIS'TON, 7z. The perforating part of the trephine,
an instrument used in trepanning.
fABARE', v.t. [Sax. abarian.] To make bare; to un-
cover.
AB-AR-TI€-U-La'TION, n. In anatomy, that species of
articulation, or structure of joints, which admits of man
ifest or extensive motion.
A-BAS', n. A weight in Persia. Encyc.
A-BaSE', v. t. [Ft. abaisser.] To cast down ; to reduce
low ; to depress 5 to humble ; to degrade ; applied to the
passions, rank, office, and condition in life.
A-BaSE'D, (a-baste') pp. Reduced to a low state, humbled,
degraded. — In heraldry, it is used of the wings of ea-
gles, when the tops are turned downwards towards the
point of the shield ; or when the wings are shut.
A-BaSE'MENT, n. The act of humbling or bringing low ■
also a state of degradation .
A-BASH', v. t. [Heb. C'U.] To make the spirits to fail , to
cast down the countenance ; to make ashamed ; to con-
fuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a conscious
ness of guilt, error, inferiority, &c.
A-BASH'ED, (a-basht') pp. Confused with shame ; eon-
founded ; put to silence : followed by at.
A-BASH'ING, ppr. Putting to shame or confusion.
A-BASH'MENT, n. Confusion from shame.
A-BaS'ING, ppr. Humbling, depressing, bringing low.
A-BAS'SIj or A-BAS'SIS, n. A silver coin of Persia, of the
value of twenty cents.
A-BaTA-BLE, a. That may or can be abated.
A-BaTE', v. t. [Fr. abattre.l 1. To beat down ; to pull
down ; to destroy in any manner ; as, to abate a nui-
sance. 2. To lessen ; to diminish ; to moderate ; as, to
abate a demand. 3. To lessen ; to mitigate j as, to abate
pain. 4. To overthrow ; to cause to fail ; to frustrate by
judicial sentence ; as, to abate a writ. 5. To deject ; to
depress •, as, to abate the soul. Obs. 6. To deduct. Pope.
7. To cause to fail ; to annul.
A-BaTE', v. i. 1. To decrease, or become less in strength
or violence ; a>?, pain abates 2. To fail ; to be defeated
See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
MOVE, BQQK, D6VE •,— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K; 6 as J , S as Z } CH as SH ; TH as in this*
ABD
ABE
or come to naught •, as, a writ abates.— 3. In law, to en-
ter into a freehold after the death of the last occupant,
and before the heir or devisee takes possession. — 4. In
horsemanship, to perform well a downward motion. A
horse is said to abate, or take down his curvets, when,
working upon curvets, he puts both his hind legs to the
ground at once, and observes the same exactness in all the
times.
A-BaT'ED, pp. Lessened ; decreased ; destroyed ; mitigat-
ed ; defeated ; remitted ; overthrown.
A-BZTE'MENT, 71. 1. The act of abating ; the state of
being abated. 2. A reduction, removing, or pulling down,
as of a nuisance. 3. Diminution, decrease, or mitigation,
as of grief or pain. 4. Deduction, smn withdrawn, as
from an account. 5. Overtln-ow, failure, or defeat, as of
a writ. 6. The entry of a stranger into a freehold after
the death of the tenant, before the heir or devisee. — 7. In
heraldry, a mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, by which
its dignity is debased for some stain on the character of
the wearer.
A-BaT'ER, n. The person or thing that abates.
A'BaT'ING, ppr. Pulling down, duninishing, defeating,
remitting.
A-BaT'OR, n. A person who enters into a freehold on the
death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee.
AB'A-TIS, )n. [Ft.] Rnhhish.— In fortification, piles of
AB'AT-TIS, \ trees, or branches of trees sharpened, and
laid with the points outward, in front of ramparts, to pre-
vent assailants from mounting the walls.
t AB A-TUDE, n. Any thing diminished.
ABA-TURE, n. [from abate.] Grass beaten or trampled
down by a stag in passing. Vict.
ABB, n. [Sax. ab or ob.] Among weavers, yam for the
warp. Encyc.
AB'BA, n. In the Chaldee and Syriac, a father, and figu-
ratively, a superior.
AB'BA-CY, [Low Lat. abbatia.] The dignity, rights, and
privileges of an abbot.
AB-BAFI^AL, | "' belonging to an abbey.
AB'BE, (ab'by) n. [fi-om abba.] In a monastic sense, the
same as an abbot ; but, more generally, a title, in Catho-
lic countries, without any determinate rank, office, or
rights.
AB'BESS, n. [from abba.] A female superior or governess
of a nunnery, or convent of nuns. See Abbey.
AB'BEY, (ab-by) n., plu. Abbeys, [from abba.] A mon-
astery or society of persons, of either sex, secluded from
the world, and devoted to religion. The males are called
monks, and are governed by an abbot ; the females are
called nuns, and are governed by an abbess.
AB'BEY-LUB-BER, n. A name given to monks, in con-
tempt for their idleness.
AB'BOT, Ti.. [formerly abbat, from abba. Latinized abbas.]
The superior or governor of an abbey or monastery. Ency.
AB'BOTSHIP, n. The state of an abbot.
AB-BREU-VOIR', (ab-bru-vwor') n. [Fr.] A watering-place ;
among inasons, the joint between stones in a wall, to be
filled with mortar.
AB-BRe'VI-ATE, v. t. [It. abbreviare.] I. To shorten ;
to make shorter by contracting the parts. 2. To shorten ;
to abridge by the omission or defalcation of a part ; to re-
duce to a smaller compass 5 as, to abbreviate a writing. —
3. In mathematics, to reduce fractions to the lowest terms.
t AB-BRe'VI-ATE, n. An abridgment. Elyot.
AB-BRe'VI-A-TED, pp. Shortened ; reduced in length 5
abridged.
AB-BRe'VI-A-TING, ppr. Shortening ; contracting in
length, or into a smaller compass.
AB-BRE-VI-a'TION, 71. 1. The act of shortening or con-
tracting. A letter, or a few letters, used for a word ; es.
Gen. for Genesis. 3. The reduction of fractions to the
lowest terms.
AB-BRe'VI-A-TOR, 71. One who abridges or reduces to a
smaller compass.
AB-BRe'VI-A-TORS. a college of seventy-two persons in
the chancery of Rome.
AB-BRe'VI-A-TO-RY, a. Shortening, contracting.
AB-BRe'VI-A-TURE, 71. A letter or character for shorten-
ing •, an abridgment, a compend.
A. B. C. The three first letters of the alphabet, used for the
whole alphabet. Also a little book for teaching the ele-
ments of reading.
AB'DALS, n. The name of certain fanatics in Persia. Enc.
AB'DE-RlTE, n. An inhabitant of Abdera. Whitaker.
AB'DI-€ANT, a. Abdicating ; renouncing.
AB'DI-€ATE, v. t. [L. abdico.] l.To abandon an office or
trust, without a formal resignation to those who conferred
it, or without their consent ; also, to abandon a throne,
without a formal surrender of the crown. Blackstone.
2. To reject ; to renounce ; to abandon as a right.— 3. In
the civil law, to disclaim a son, and expel him from the
family, as a father ; to disinherit during the life of the
father.
AB'D1-€ATE, v. i. To renounce ; to abandon ; to cast ofFj
to relinquish, as a right, power, or trust. Burke.
AB'DI-€A-TED, pp. Renounced ; relinquished without
a formal resignation ; abandoned.
AB'DI-eA-TING, ppr. Relinquishing without a formal res-
ignation ; abandoning.
AB-DI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of abdicating ; the aban-
doning of an office or trust, without a formal surrender.
2. A casting off; rejection.
*AB DI-€A-TiVE, a. Causing or implying abdication. [Lit-
tle used.]
AB'DI-TiVE, a. [L. abdo ] Having the power or quality of
hiding. [Little used.]
AB'DI-TO-RY, n. A place for secreting or pr-eserving goods.
*AB'DO-MEN, or AB-Do'MEN, n. [L. perhaps abdo and
omentum.] 1. The lower belly, or that part of the body
which lies between the thorax and the bottom of the pel
vis. — 2. In insects, the lower part of the animal, united to
the corslet by a thread.
AB-DOM'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to the lower belly
AB-DOM'I-NAL, n. ; plu. Abdominals. In ichthyo^'igy,
the abdominals are a class of fish, whose ventral fins are
placed behind the pectoral, and which belong to the di-
vision of bony fish.
AB-DOM'I-NAL RING, or IN'GUI-NAL RING, n. An ob-
long, tendinous ring in both groins.
AB-DOM'I-NOUS, a. Pertaining to the abdomen ; having
a large belly.
AB-DuCE , V. t. [L. abduco.] To draw from ; to withdraw,
or draw to a different part ; used chiefly in anatomy.
ABDU'CENT, a. Drawing from, pulling back ; used of
those muscles which pull back certain parts of the body,
for separating, opening, or bending them.
AB-DU€'TION, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of drav/ing
apart, or carrying away. — 2. In surgery, a species of frac-
ture, in which the broken parts recede "from each other. —
3. In logic, a kind of argumentation, called by the Greeks
apagoge, in which the major is evident, but the minor is
not so clear as not to require farther proof. — 4. In law, the
taking and carrying away of a child, a ward, a wife, &;c.,
either by fraud, persuasion, or open violence.
AB-DUCTOR, 71. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to
withdraw, or pull back a certain part of the body.
t A-BEaR', (a-bare') v. t. [Sax. abcBran.] To bear ; to be-
have. Spenser.
A-BEaR'ANCE, 7t. [from abear.] Behavior, demeanor.
Blackstone. [Little used.]
A-BE-CE-Da'RI-AN, 71. [a word formed from the first four
letters of the alphabet.] One who teaches the letters of
the alphabet, or a learner of the letters.
A-BE-Ce'DA-RY, a. Pertaining to, or formed by the letters
of the alphabet.
A-BED', adv. On or in bed.
A-BeLE', or a'BEL-TREE, n. An obsolete name of the
white poplar.
A-Be'LI-ANS, AB-E-Lo'NI-ANS, or a'BEL-ITES. In
church history, a sect in Africa which arose in the reign
of Arcadius.
a'BEL-MOSK, n. A trivial name of a species of hibiscus, or
Syrian mallow.
t AB-ERR', v. i. [L. aberro.] To wander.
AB-ER'RANCE, ) n. [L. aberrans.] A wandering or devi-
AB-ER'RAN-CY, \ ating from the right way ; an error,
mistake ; a fault, a deviation from rectitude.
AB-ER'RANT, a. Wandering, straying from the right way.
[Rarely used.]
AB-ER-Ra'TION, n. [L. aberratio.] 1. The act of wan-
dering from the right way 5 deviation from truth or moral
rectitude ; deviation from a strait line. — 2. In astronomy,
a small apparent motion of the fixed stars, occasioned by
the progressive motion of light and the earth's annual
motion in its orbit. — 3. In optics, a deviation in the rays
of light, when inflected by a lens. — Crown of aberration,
a luminous circle surrounding the disk of the sun, de-
pending on the aberration of its rays. Cyc.
AB-ER'RING, paj't. a. Wandering ; going astray.
t AB-ER-RUN'€ATE, v. t. [L. averrunco.] To puU up by
the roots ; to extirpate utterly.
A-BET', V. t. [Sax. hetan, gebetan.] 1. To encourage by
aid or countenance, but now used chiefly in a bad sense.
— 2. In law, to encourage, counsel, incite, or assist in a
criminal act.
t ABET', n. The act of aiding in a crime
A-BET'MENT, n. The act of abetting.
A-BET'TED, pp. Incited, aided, encouraged to a crime.
A-BET'TING, ppr. Counseling, aiding, or encouraging to a
crime.
A-BET'TOR, n. One who abets, or incites, aids or encourages
another to commit a crime.
AB-E-VA€-U-A'TION, 71. [ab and evacuation.] In medicine.
a partial evacuation of morbid humors of the body, either
by nature or art.
A-BEY'ANCE, (a-bay'-ance) n. [Norm, abbaiaunce, or
abaizance.] In expectation or contemplation of law. The
* See Synopsis. 5, E, I, o, 0, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
ABL
\
fee simple or inheritance of lands and tenements is in |
abeijance, wben there is no person in being in whom it
can vest.
t AB GRE-GATE, v. t. To lead out of the flock,
t AB-GRE-Ga'TION, n. A separation from the flock.
AB-HOR', V. t. [L. abhorreo.] I. To hate extremely, or
Tvitli contempt ; to lothe, detest, or abommate. 2. To
despise or neglect. 3. To cast off or reject.
AB-HOR 'RED, (ab-hord') pp. Hated extremely, detested.
AB-HOR RENCE, } n. Extreme hatred, detestation, great
AB-HOR REN-CY, \ aversion.
AB-HOR RENT, a. 1. Hating, detesting, struck with ab-
horrence. 2. Contrary, odious, inconsistent with, ex-
pressive of extreme opposition.
AB-HOR'RENT-LY, adv. With abhorrence.
AB-HOR'RER, n. One who abhors.
AB-HOR'RING, ppr. Having great aversion, detesting. As
a noun, it is used in Isaiah Ixvi. for the object of hatred—
" An abhorring to all flesh."
A'BIB, 71. [Heb. 2H.] The first month of the Jewish ecclesi-
astical year, called also JVisan. It begins at the spring
equinox, and answers to the latter part of March and be-
ginning of April.
A-BlDE', V. i. pret. and part, abode. [Sax. bidan, abidan.]
1. To rest or dwell. 2. To stay for a short time. 3. To
continue permanently, or in the same state ; to be firm
and immovable. 4. To remain, to continue.
A-BlDE', V. t.l. To wait for ; to be prepared for ; to await.
2. To endure or sustain. 3. To bear or endure ; to bear
patifently.
A-BlD'ER, n. One who dwells or continues.
A-BlD'ING, ppr. Dwelling ; remaining ; continuing ; en-
during ; awaiting.
A-BiD'ING, n. Continuance ; fixed state ; residence ; an
enduring.
A-BiiyiNG-LY, adv. In a manner to continue ; perma-
nently.
t A-BIL'I-MENT, n. Formerly used for ability.
A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. habileti.] 1. Physical power, whether
bodily or mental, natural or acquired ; force of under-
stand'ing ; skill in arts or science. In the plural, abilities
is much used for the faculties of the mind. 2. Riches,
wealth, substance. 3. Moral power, depending on the
will — a metaphysical and theological sense. 4. Civil or
legal power ; the power or right to do certain things. It
is opposed to disability. Cyc.
AB-IN-TEST'ATE, a. [L. ab and intestatus.] In the civil
law, inheriting the estate of one dying without a wUl.
t AB-JECT', V. t. To throw awaj-^ ; to cast out. Spenser.
AB'JECT, a. [L. abjectus.] 1. Sunk to a low condition. 2.
Worthless, mean, despicable, low in estimation, without
hope or regard.
AB'JECT, n. A person in the lowest condition, and despi-
C£ll)l6* Ps* XXXV.
AB-JECT'ED-NESS, n. A very low or despicable condition.
[Little used.]
AB-JE€'TION, n. A state of being cast away •, hence a low
state ; meanness of spirit •, baseness.
AB'JECT-LY, adv. In a contemptible manner ; meanly j
serA'ilely.
AB'JECT-NESS, n. The state of being abject ; meanness ;
servility.
AB-JU-Ra'TION, n, 1. The act of abjuring ; a renunciation
upon oath. 2. A rejection or denial with solemnity ; a
total abandonment.
AB-Ju'RA-TO-RY, a. Containing abjuration.
AB-JuRE', V, t.Jh. abju.ro.] 1. To renounce upon oath ; to
abandon. 2. To renounce or reject with solemnity ; to
reject. 3. To recant or retract. 4. To banish. [JVot
used.]
t AB-JtfRE', V. i. To abjure the realm. Burnet,
AB-JuR'ED, (ab-jurd')>^. Renounced upon oath 5 solemn-
ly recanted,
t AB-JtJRE'MENT, n. Renunciation. J. Hall.
AB-JuR'ER, n. One who abjures.
AB-JuR'ING, ppr. Renouncing upon oath ; disclaiming
with solemnity.
AB-LAOTATE, v. t. [L. ablacto.] To wean from the
breast.
AB-LA€)-Ta'TION, n. 1. In medical authors, the weaning
of a child from the breast. 2. Among ancient gardeners,
a method of grafting, now called grafting by approach, or
inarching.
AB-LACl-UE-A'TION, n. [L. ablaqueatio.] A laying bare
the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water.
AB-La'TION, n. [L. ab and latic] A carrying away.— In
medicine, the taking from the body whatever is hurtful ;
evacuations in general.
AB'LA-TiVE, a. [L. ablativus.] A word applied to the
sixth case of nouns in the Latin language.
ABLE, a. [L. habilis ; Norm, ablei.] 1. Having physicr.l
power sufiicient ; having competent power or strength,
bodily or mental. 2. Having strong or unusual powers of
mind, or intellectual qualifications ; as, an able minister.
a ABO
3. Having large or competent property 5 or simply naving
property, or means. 4. Having competent sUength or
fortitude. 5. Having sufiicient knowledge or skill. 6
Having competent moral power or qualifications.
t A'BLE, V. t. To enable. B. Jonson.
A'BLE-BOD-IED, a. Having a sound, strong body, or a
body of competent strength for service.
t AB'LE-GATE, v. t. [L. ablego.] To send abroad.
t AB-LE-GS TION, n. The act of sending abroad.
AB'LEN, or ABLET, n. A small fresh-water fish, the
bleak.
A BLE-NESS, n. Ability of body or mind ; force ; vigor ;
capability.
AB'LEP-SY, n. [Gr. a^XeiPia.] Want of sight ; blindness.
A'BLER, and A'BLEST, corap. and superl. of ablei.
t AB-LI-GU-Rl"TION, n. [L. abliguritio.] Prodigal ex
pense on meat and drink
t AB'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. abligo.] To tie up from.
AB'LO-CATE, v. t. [L. abloco.] To let out : to lease.
AB-LO-€a'TION, n. A letting to hire.
t AB-LuDE', v. i. [L. abludo.] To be unlike : to differ
Hall.
AB'LU-ENT, a. [L. abluo.] Washing clean ; cleansing by
water or liquids.
AB'LU-ENT, n. In medicine, that which thins, purifies, or
sweetens the blood. Quincy.
AB-Lu'TION, n. [L. ailutio.] 1. In a general sense, the
act of washing ; a cleansing or purification by water. 2.
Appropriately, the washing of the body as a preparation
for religious duties.— 3. In chemistry, the purification of
bodies by the affusion of a proper liquor, as waver to dis-
solve salts. — 4. In medicine, the washing of the body ex-
ternally, as by baths ; or internally, by diluting fluids. —
5. Pope has used ablution for the water used in cleansing.
6. The cup given to the laity, without conse«ation, in
popish churches. Johnson.
a'BLY, adv. In an able manner ; with great ability.
t AB'NE-GATE, v. t. To deny.
AB-NE-Ga'TIOx"^, n. [L. abnego.] A denial ; a renuncia-
tion ; self-denial.
AB NE-GA-TOR, 7!. One who denies, renounces, or opposes
any thing. Sandys.
AB-NO-Da'TION, n. [L. abnodo.] The act of cutting away
the knots of trees.
AB-NORM'I-TY, n. Irregularity ; deformity.
AB-NORM'OUS, a. [L. abnormis.] Irregular ; deformed.
[Little used.]
A-BoARD', adv. [a and board.] Within a ship, vessel, or
boat. — To go aboard, lo enter a ship ; to embark To fall
aboard, to strike a ship's side.
A-BoARD', prep. On board ; in ; with.
t A-BoD'ANCE, n. An omen.
A-BqDW,pret. of abide.
A-BoDE', n. 1. Stay : continuance in a place ; residence
for a longer or shorter time. 2. A place of continuance ;
a dwelling ; a habitation. 3. To make abode, to dwell or
A-BoDE', V. t. To foreshow. ShaJc.
A-BoDE', v. i. To be an omen. Dryden.
A-BoDE'MENT, n. A secret anticipation of something fu-
ture. Shak.
A-B5D'ING, 71. Presentiment ; prognostication.
AB-O-LeTE' a. [L. abolitu^.] Old ; out of use.
A-BOL'ISH, v. t. [Fr. abohr.1 1. To make void ; to annul
to abrogate ; applied chiefly and appropriately to estab-
lished laws, contracts, rites, customs, and institutions ;
as, to abolish laws by a repeal. 2. To destroy, or put an
end to ; as, to abolish idols. I<>a. ii. To abolish death
2 Tim. 1. This sense is not common.
A-BOL'ISH-A-BLE, a. That may be annulled, abrogated,
or destroyed.
A-BOL'ISHED, pp. Annulled ; repealed 5 abrogated, or de-
stroyed.
A-BOL'ISH-ER, w. One who abolishes.
A-BOL'ISH-ING, ppr Making void ; annulling ; destroy-
ing.
A-BOL'ISH-MENT, n. The act of annulling ; abrogation ;
destruction. Hooker.
AB-0-LI"TI0N, (ab-o-lish'un) n. The act of abolishing ; or
the state of being abolished ; an annulling ; abrogation 5
utter destruction.
AB-O-Ll 'TION-IST, n. One who is desirous to abolish any
thing.
A-BOM'IN-A-BLE, a. Very hateful ; detestable ; lothe-
some ; unclean. Levit. vii.
A-BOM'IN-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being
very odious ; hatefulness.
A-BOM'IN-A-BLY, adv. l.Very odiously ; detestably ; sin-
fully. — 2. In vulgar language, extremely, excessively.
A-BOM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L. abomino.] To hate extremely ;
to abhor ; to detest.
A-BOM'IN-A-TED, pp. Hated utterly ; detested ; abhoi.-'
red.
A-BOMaN-A-TENG, ppr. Abhorring j hating extremely.
♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— ByLL, UNITE.— € as K j 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH asinthis. f Obsolete
AJBR
ABS
A-BOM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. Extreme hatred ; detestation.
Swift. 2. The object of detestation ; a common significa-
tion in Scripture. 3. Hence, defilement, pollution, in a
physical sense, or evil doctrines and practices, which are
moral defilements, idols, and idolatry, are called abomina-
tions. Whatever is an object of extreme hatred is called
an abomination.
A-BOON', prep. Above. Provincial.
A-BoRD', «. [Fr.] Literalhj, arrival 5 but used for first ap-
pearance, manner of accosting, or address ; but not an
English word.
t A-BoRD', V. t. To accost.
A-Bo'RE-A, n. A species of duck.
AB-O-RIG'I-NAL, a. [L. ab and origo.] First ; original ;
primitive ; aboriginal people are the first inhabitants of a
country.
AB-O-RIG'I-NAL, n. An original, or primitive inhabitant.
The first settlers in a country are called aboriginals.
AB-0-Rl6'I-NES, n. plu. Aboriginals ; but not an English
t A-BORSE'MENT, n. Abortion.
t A-BORT', V. i. [L. aborto.] To miscarry in birth.
t A-BORT', 71. An abortion. Burton.
A-BOR'TION, n. [L. abortio.] 1. The act of miscarrying,
or producing young before the natural time. — 2. In a. fig-
urative sense, any fruit or produce that does not come to
maturity, or any thing which fails in its progress. 3. The
fetus brought forth before it is perfectly formed.
A-BOR'TIVE, a. 1. Brought forth in an immature state ;
failing, or coming to naught, before it is complete. 2.
Failing in its effect; miscarrying; producing nothing;
as, an abortive scheme. 3, Rendering abortive. 4. Per-
taining to abortion. — 5. In botany, an abortive flower is
one which falls without producing fruit.
A-BOR'TIVE, n. That which is brought forth or born pre-
maturely. [Little used.']
A-BOR'TIVE-LY, adv. Immaturely ; in an untimely man-
ner.
A-BOR'TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being abortive ; a fail-
ing in the progress to perfection or matmlty ; a failure of
producing the intended effect.
A-BORT'MENT, n. An untimely birth. Bacon.
A-BOUND', V. i. [L. abundo.] 1. To have or possess in great
quantity ; to be copiously supplied ; followed by with or in.
2. To be in great plenty ; to be very prevalent.
A-BOUND'ING, JW- Having in great plenty; being in
great plenty ; being very prevalent.
A-BOUND'ING, n. Increase. South.
A-BOUT', prej). [Sax. abutan.] 1. Aroimd ; on the exterior
part or surface. 2. Near to in place, with the sense of
circularity. 3. Near to in time. 4. Near to in action, or
near to the performance of some act. 5. Near to the per-
son ; appended to the clothes. 6. Concerned in, engaged
in, relating to, respecting. 7. In compass or circumfe-
rence ; as, two yards about the trunk.
A-BOUT', adv. 1. Near to in number or quantity. 2. Near
to in quality or degree ; as, about as high, or as cold. 3.
Here and there ; around ; in one place and another. 4.
Round, or the longest way, opposed to across, or the
shortest way ; as, a mile about, and half a mile across.
A-BoVB', prep. [Sax. abufan.] 1. izieraZZ?/, higher in place.
2. Figuratively, superior in any respect. 3. More in
number or quantity. 4. More in degree ; in a greater de-
gree. 5. Beyond ; in excess. 6. Beyond ; in a state to
be unattainable ; as, things above comprehension. 7. Too
proud for. 8. Too elevated in mind or rank ; having too
much dignity for. 9. It is often used, elliptically, for
heaven, or the celestial regions. 10. In a book or writ-
ing, it denotes before, or in a former place ; as, what has
been said above ; supra.
A-B6VE', adv. 1. Overhead ; in a higher place. 2. Before.
3. Chief in rank or power. — Above all is elliptical ; above
all considerations ; chiefly ; in preference to other things.
— Above board, above the board or table ; in open sight ;
without trick, concealment, or deception.
A-B6VE'-CI-TED. Cited before, in the preceding part of
a book or writing.
A-B6VE' -GROUND. Alive, not buried.
A-B6VE'-MEN-TI0NED. Mentioned before.
ABP. Abbreviation for Archbishop.
AB'RA-CA-DAB'RA. The name of a deity worshiped by
the Syrians ; a cabalistic word.
AB-RaDE', v. t. [L. abrado.] To rub or wear off; to waste
by friction ; used especially to express the action of sharp,
corrosive medicines.
AB-RID'ED, pp. Rubbed or worn off; worn ; scraped.
AB-RaD'ING, ppr. Rubbing off; wearing.
AB-RA-HAM'IC, a. Pertaining to Abraham.
t A-BRaID', v. t. To arouse ; to awake.
AB-Ra'S10N, (ab-ra'-zhun) n. The act of wearing or rub-
bing off; also substance worn off bv attrition.
A-BREAST', (a-bresf) adv. [from a'and breast.] Side by
side, with the breasts in a line.
A-BRIDGE, (a-bridj') v. t [Fr. abreger.] 1. To make
shorter ; to epitomize ; to contract by using fewer words,
yet retaining the sense in substance ; v^ed of writings.
2. To lessen ; to diminish ; as, to abridge labor. 3. To
deprive; to cut off from ; followed by of; as, to abridge
one of his rights. — 4. In algebra, to reduce a compound
quantity or equation to its more simple expression.
A-BRID6'ED, (a-bridjd') pp. Made shorter; epitomized;
reduced to a smaller compass ; lessened ; deprived.
A-BRIDG'ER, n. One who abridges; one who makes a
compend.
A-BRID6'ING, ppr. Shortening; lessening; depriving;
debarring.
A-BRIDG'MENT, n. I. An epitome ; a compend, or sum
mary of a book. 2. Diminution ; contraction ; reduction.
3. Deprivation ; a debarring or restraint.
A-BRoACH', adv. Broached ; letting out or yielding liquor,
or in a posture for letting out ; as, a cask is abroach. Fig
uratively used by Shakspeare for setting loose, or in a
state of being diffused.
t A-BRoACH', v. t. To tap ; to set abroach.
A-BROAD', (a-brawd') adv. 1. At large ; widely ; not con
fined to narrow limits. 2. In the open air. 3. Beyond
or out of the walls of a house. 4. Beyond the bounds of
a country ; in foreign countries. 5. Extensively ; before
the public at large.
AB'RO-GA-BLE, a. That may be abrogated.
AB'RO-GATE, v. t. [L. abrogo.] To repeal ; to annul by
an authoritative act ; to abolish by the authority of the
maker or his successor; applied to the repeal of laws,
decrees, ordinances, the abolition of established customs,
&c.
t AB'RO-GATE, a. Annulled.
AB'RO-GA-TED, pp. Repealed ; annulled by an act of au
thority.
AB'RO-GA-TING, ppr. Repealing by authority ; making
void.
AB-RO- Ga'TION, n. The act of abrogating ; a repeal by
authority of the legislative power.
t A-BROOD', adv. In the action of brooding.
t A-BROOD'ING, n. A sitting abrood. Basset.
f A-BROOK', V. t. To brook, to endure. See Brook.
Shak.
AB-Ro'TA-NUM, n. [Gr. AjSporovov.] A species of plant,
called also southern-wood.
AB-RUPT', a. [L. abruptus.] 1. Literally, broken off, or
broken short. 2. Steep, craggy ; applied to rocJcs, preci-
pices and the like. 3. Figuratively, sudden ; without no-
tice to prepare the mind for the event. 4. Unconnected •
having sudden transitions from one subject to another.
AB-RUPT', n. A chasm or gulf with steep sides. " Over
the vast abrupt.^'' Milton.
t AB-RUPT', V. t. To disturb. Brown.
AB-RUP'TION, n. A sudden breaking off; a violent sep-
aration of bodies.
AB-RUPT'LY, adv. Suddenly ; without giving notice, or
without the usual forms.
AB-RUPT'NESS, n. 1. A state of being broken ; cragged-
ness; steepness. 2. FigiLratively , suddenness; uncere-
monious haste or vehemence.
AB'SCESS, n. [L. abscessus.] An imposthume. Matter
generated by the suppuration of an inflammatory tumor.
AB-SCIND', V. t. [L. abscindo.] To cut off.
AB'SCISS, 71. [L. abscissxLs.] In conies, a part of the diame-
ter, or transverse axis of a conic section, intercepted be-
tween the vertex, or some other fixed point, and a semi-
ordinate.
AB-SCIS"SION, (ab-sizh'un) n A cutting off, or a being
cut off. — In surgery, the separation of any corrupted or
useless part of the bodv, by a sharp instrument.
AB-S€OND', V. i. [L. abscondo.] 1. To retire from public
view, or from the place in which one resides or is ordina-
rily to be found ; to withdraw, or absent one's self in a
private manner ; to be concealed ; appropriately used of
persons who secrete themselves to avoid a legal process.
2. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed.
t AB-SCOND', V. t. To conceal. Hew^jt.
AB-S€OND'ENCE, 71, Concealment.
AB-S€OND'ER, 71. One who withdraws from public notice,
or conceals himself.
AB-S€OND'ING, ppr. Withdrawing privately from public
view.
AB'SENCE, 71. [L. absens.] 1. A state of being at a dis-
tance in place, or not in company. 2. Want ; destitu-
tion ; implying no previous presence. — 3. In law, non-ap-
pearance ; a not being in court to answer. 4. Heedless-
ness ; inattention to things present.
AB'SENT, a. Not present ; not in company ; at such a dis-
tance as to prevent communication. 2. Heedless ; inat-
tentive to persons present, or to subjects of conversation
in company. — 3, In familiar language, not at home ; as.
the master of the house is absent.
AB-SENT', V. t. To depart to such a distance as to prevent
intercourse ; to retire or withdraw ; to forbear to appear
in presence ; used with the reciprocal pronoun.
See Synopsia. i, E, I, 6, C, f, long.— FAB., F^LL, WH^T j— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
ABS '^
t AB SENT, v.. One who is not present.
AB-SEN-TEE', n. One who withdraws from his country,
office, or estate ; one who removes to a distant place, or
to another country.
AB-SENT'ER, n. One who absents himself.
AB-SENT MENT, n. A state of being absent. Barrow.
AB-SINTH'1-AJV, a. Of the nature of wormwood.
AB-SINTH I-A-TED, a. Impregnated with wormwood.
Diet.
AB-SINTH'I-UM, n. [Gr. axpivQiov.'] The common worm-
wood ; a bitter plant, used as a tonic A species of Arte-
misia.
AB'SIS. In astronomy. See Apsis.
t AB-SIST', V. i. To stand off; to leave off.
ABSO-LUTE, a. [L. absolutus.] 1. Literally, in a general
sense, fr«e, independent of any thing extraneous. Hence,
2. Complete in itself ; positive ; as, an absolute declara-
tion. 3. Unconditional •, as, an absolute promise. 4. Ex-
isting independent of any other cause ; as, God is abso-
lute. 5. Unlimited by extraneous power or control ; as,
an absolute government or prince. 6. Not relative ; as,
absolute space.
AB'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. 1. Completely, wholly. 2. With-
out dependence or relation ; in a state unconnected. 3.
Without restriction or limitation. 4. Without condition.
5. Positively, peremptorily.
AB'SO-LUTE-NESS, 71. 1. Independence ; completeness in
itself. 2. Despotic authority, or that which is subject to
no extraneous restriction, or control.
AB-SO-LU'TION, n. In the civil law, an acquittal or sen-
tence of a judge declaring an accused person innocent. —
In the canon law, a remission of sins pronounced by a
priest in favor of a penitent. — imong Protestants, a sen-
tence by which an excommunicated person is released
from his liability to punishment.
* AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, a. Absolving ; that absolves.
AB-SOLV'A-TO-RY, a. Containing absolution, pardon, or
release •, having power to absolve.
AB-SOLVE', (ab-zolv') v. t. [L. absolvo.'\ To set free or re-
lease from some obligation ; as, to absolve a person from
a promise ; to absolve an offender. Hence, in the civil
law, the word was used for acquit ; and in the canon law.
Cor forgive, or a sentence of remission. In ordinary lan-
guage" its sense is, to set free or release from an engage-
ment. Formerly, good writers used the word in the
sense of finish, accomplish ; as, to absolve work, in Mil-
ton •, but, in tliis sense, it seems to be obsolete.
AB-SOLV'ED, (ab-zolvd') pp. Released 5 acquitted 5 remit-
ted ; declared innocent.
AB-SOLV'ER, n. One who absolves ; also one that pro-
nounces sin to be remitted.
AB-SOLV'ING, ppr. Setting free from a debt, or charge ;
acquitting ; remitting.
AB'SO-NANT, a. Wide from the purpose ; contrary to rea-
son.
AB'SO-NOUS, a. [L. absonus.l Unmusical, or untunable.
AB-SORB', v. t. [L. absorbeo.J 1. To drink in ; to suck up ;
to imbibe, as a spunge. 2. To drink in, swallow up, or
overwhelm with water, as a body in a whirlpool. 3. To
waste wholly or sink in expenses ) to exhaust ; as, to ab-
sorb an estate in luxury. 4. To engross or engage whol-
ly ; as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth.
AB-SORB- A-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being ab-
sorbable.
AB-SORB' A-BLE, a. That may be imbibed or swallowed.
AB-SORB'ED, or AB-SORPT', pp. Imbibed ; swallowed ;
wasted ; engaged ; lost in study ; wholly engrossed.
AB-SORB'ENT, a. Imbibing ; swallowing.
AB-SORB'ENT, n. In anatomy, a vessel which imbibes ; as
the lacteals, lymphatics, and inhaling arteries. — In medi-
cine, a testaceous powder, or other substance, which im-
bibes the humors of the body.
AB-SORB'ING, ppr. Imbibing ; engrossing ; wasting.
AB-SORP'TION, n. 1. The act or process of imbibing or
swallowing ; either by water which overwhelms, or by
substances which drink in and retain liquids; as, the ab-
sorption of a body in a whirlpool. — Q. In chemistry, the
conversion of a gaseous fluid into a liquid or solid, by
union with another substance.
AB-SORP'TIVE, a. Having power to imbibe.
AB-STaIN', v. i. [L. abstineo.'] In a general sense, to for-
bear, or refrain from, voluntarily ; but used chiefly to de-
note a restraint upon the passions or appetites ; to refrain
from indulgence.
AB-STe! MI-OUS, a. [L. abstemius.] 1. Sparing in diet;
refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks. 2.
Sparing in the enjoyment of animal pleasures of any kind.
3. Sparingly used, or used with temperance ; belonging
to abstinence ; as, an abstemious diet ; an abstemious
life.
AB-STe'MI-OUS-LY, adv. Temperately ; with a sparing
use of meat or drink.
AB-STe'MI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being temperate
or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks.
ABS
7. t. [L. abstergeo.] To wipe, or
to cleanse by resolving obstruo
AB-STER6E', (ab-sterj') v.
make clean by wiping ;
tions in the body.
AB-STERGENT, a. Wiping ; cleansing.
AB-STERG ENT, n. A medicine which frees the body from
obstructions, as soap ; but the use of the word is nearly
superseded by detergent, which see.
AB-ST£R'SI0N, 71. [L. abstergeo, abstersus.} The act ot
wiping clean ; or a cleansing by medicines which resolve
obstructions.
AB-STER'SIVE, a. Cleansing ; having the quality of re-
moving obstructions.
AB'STI-NENCE, n. [L. abstinentia.} 1 In general, the
act or practice of voluntarily refraining from, or forbear-
ing any action. 2. The refraining from an indulgence of
appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal pro-
pensities. It denotes a total forbearance, as in fasting, or
a forbearance of the usual quantity.
ABSTI-NENT, fl. Refraining from indulgence, especially
in the use of food and drink.
AB'STT-NENT-LY, adv. With abstinence.
AB'STI-NENTS. A sect which appeared in France and
Spain in the third century.
t AB-STORT'ED, part. a. [L. abstortxLs.'] Forced away.
AB-STRACT', v. t. [L. abstraho.] 1. To draw from, or to
separate. 2. To separate ideas by the operation of the
mind ; to consider one part of a complex object, or to
have a partial idea of it in the mind. 3. To select or sep-
arate the substance of a book or writing ; to epitomize or
reduce to a summary. — 4. In chemistry, to separate, as
the more volatile parts of a substance by repeated distilla
tion, or at least by distillation.
AB'STRACT, a. [L. abstractus.] 1. Separate •, distinct
from something else. An abstract idea, in metaphysics^
is an idea separated from a complex object, or from otlier
ideas which naturally accompany it, as the solidity of
marble contemplated apart from its color or figure. .Ab-
stract terms are those which express abstract ideas, as
beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any sub-
ject in which they exist ; or abstract terms are the names
of orders, genera, or species of things, in which there is a
combination of similar qualities. 2. Separate, existing in
the mind only ; as, an abstract subject ; an abstract ques
tion ; and hence difiicult, abstruse.
AB'STRACT, n. 1. A summary, or epitome, containing
the substance, a general view, or the principal heads ol
a treatise or writing. 2. Formerly, an extract, or a small-
er quantity, containing the essence of a larger. — In tha
abstract, in a state of separation, as a subject considered
in the abstract, i. e. without reference to particular per-
sons or things.
AB-STRA€T'ED, pp. Separated; refined; exalted; ab-
struse ; absent in mind.
AB-STRA€T'ED-LY, adv. In a separate state, or in con-
templation only.
AB-STRA€T'ED-NESS, n. The state of being abstracted.
Baxter.
AB-STRA€T'ER, n. One who makes an abstract, or sum-
mary.
AB-STRA€T'ING, ppr. Separating ; making a summary.
AB-STRA€'TION, n. I. The act of separating, or state of
being separated. 2. The operation of the mind when oc-
cupied by abstract ideas ; as when we contemplate some
particular part or property of a complex object, as separate
from the rest. 3. A separation from worldly objects ; a
recluse life ; as, a hermit's abstraction. 4. Absence of
mind ; inattention to present objects. 5. In the process
of distillation, the term is used to denote the separation
of the volatile parts, which rise, come over, and are con-
densed in a receiver, from those which are fixed.
AB-STRA€T'IVE, a. Having the power or quality of ab-
stracting.
AB-STRA€T'IVE, or AB-STRAe-TI"TIOUS, a. Abstract-
ed, or drawn from other substances, particularly from
vegetables, without fennentation.
AB'STRA€T-LY, adv. Separately ; absolutely ; in a state
or manner unconnected with any thing else.
AB'STRA€T-NESS, 7!. A separate state ; a state of bein^
in contemplation only, or not connected with any object
t AB-STRI€T'ED, part. a. [L. abstrictus.] Unbound.
t AB-STRIN6E', v. t. To unbind.
t AB-STRuDE', v. t. To thrust or pull away.
AB-STRtJSE', a. [L. abstrusus.] Hid ; concealed ; hence,
remote from apprehension ; difiicult to be comprehended
or understood ; opposed to what is obvious.
AB-STRuSE'LY, adv. In a concealed manner; obscurely,
in a manner not to be easily understood.
AB-STRuSE'NESS, n. Obscurity of meaning ; the state 01
quality oj being difiicult to be understood.
t AB-STRu'SI-TY, n. Abstruseness. Brown.
t AB-SuME', v. t. [L. absumo.] To bring to an end by grad-
t AB-SUMPTION, 71. Destruction.
AB-SURD , a. [L. absurdus.] Opposed to manifest truth ,
• See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ; BIJLL, UNI TE — € as K •. 6 as J •, S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obaoletg
ACA
ACC
inconsistent with reason, or the plain dictates of com-
mon sense. An absurd man acts contrary to the clear
dictates of reason or sound judgment. An a&swrd prop-
osition contradicts obvious truth. An absurd practice, or
opinion is repugnant to the reason or common apprehen-
sion of men. It is absurd to say, six and six make ten.
AB-SURD'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being inconsistent
with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. Want
of judgment, applied to men ; want of propriety, applied
to things. Johnson. 2. That which is absurd : in this
sense it has a plural ; the absxirdities of men.
AB-SUHD'LY, adv. In a manner inconsistent with reason,
or obvious propriety.
AB-SURD'NESS, n. The same as absurdity, and less used.
A-BUND'ANCE, n. [Fr. abondance.] Great plenty ; an over-
flowing quantity ; ample sufficiency ; in strictness, appli-
cable to quantity only ; but customarily used of number ;
as, an abundance of peasants. It denotes also fullness,
overflowing ; as, the abundance of the heart. Mat. xii.
A-BUND'ANT, a. Plentiful ; in great quantity ; fully suf-
ficient ; as, an abundant supply. — In Scripture, abound-
ing ; having in great quantity ; overflowing with.
A-BUND'ANT-LY, ado. Fully ; amply ; plentifully ; in a
sufficient degree.
tABu'SAGE, 7i. Abuse.
A-BuSE', V. t. [Fr. abuser.] I, To use ill ; to maltreat ;
to misuse ; to use with bad motives or to wrong pur-
poses ; as, to aMise privileges. 2. To violate ; to defile
by improper sexual intercourse. 3. To deceive ; to im-
pose on. 4. To treat rudely, or with reproachful lan-
guage ; to revile. 5. To pervert the meaning of ; to mis-
apply ; as, to abuse words.
A-BuSE', n. 1. Ill use ; improper treatment or employment ;
application to a wrong purpose ; as, an abuse of our natu-
ral powers. 2. A corrupt practice or custom ; as, the
abuses of government. 3. Rude speech ; reproachfuUan-
guage addressed to a person ; contumely ; reviling words.
4. Seduction. 5. Perversion of meaning ; improper use
or application ; as, an abuse of words.
A-BuS'ED, (a-biizd') pp. Ill-used ; used to a bad purpose ;
treated with rude language ; misemployed ; perverted
to bad or wrong ends ; deceived ; defiled ; violated.
t A-BuSE'FUL, a. Using or practicing abuse ; abusive.
A-BUS'ER, n. One who abuses ; one that deceives ; a rav-
isher.
A-BuS'ING, ppr. Using ill ; employing to bad purposes ;
deceiving ; violating the person ; perverting.
A-Bu'SION, (a-bii'-zhun) n. Abuse ; evil or corrupt usage ;
reproach. [Little used.]
A-Bu'SiVE, a. 1. Practicing abuse ; offering harsh words,
or ill treatment. 2. Containing abuse, or that is the in-
strument of abuse ; as, abusive words ; rude ; reproach-
ful.
A-Bu'SIVE-LY, adv. In an abusive manner ; rudely ;
reproachfully.
A-BtJ'SIVE-NESS, n. Ill-usage ; the quality of being abu-
sive : rudeness of language, or violence to the person.
A-BUT', V. i. [Fi aboutir.] To border upon ; to be con-
tiguous to ; to meet ; in strictness, to adjoin to at the
end.
A-BUT'MENT, n. 1. The head or end ; that which unites
one end of a thing to another. 2. That which abuts or
borders on another.
A-BUT'TAL, n. The butting or bouadary of land at the
endj a head-land. Spelman.
t A-BY', v. t. or i. [probably contracted from abide.] To en-
dure ; to pay dearly ; to remain. Spenser.
A-BYSM', (a-byzm') n. [Old Fr. •, now abime,] A gulf.
ShaJi.
t A-B\ S'MAL, a. Bottomless. Coles.
A-BYSS', 71. [Gr. a(iv(T(Tog.] 1. A bottomless gulf; used also
for a deep mass of waters, supposed by some to have en-
compassed the earth before the flood. The word is also
used for an immense cavern in the earth, in which God is
supposed to have collected all the waters on the third
day of the creation. It is used also for hell, Erebus. 2.
That which is immeasurable 5 that in which any thing
is lost.
AB-YS-SIN'I-AN, a. Belonging to Abyssinia.
AB-YS-SIN'I-ANS, n. A sect of Christians in Abyssijiia,
who admit but one nature in Jesus Christ, and reject the
council of Chalcedon. Encyc.
A€, in Saxon, oak ; the initial syllable of names •, as, Acton,
Oaktown
A-€A€'A-LOT, or A€'A-LOT, n. A Mexican fowl, the
Tantalus Mcxicanus, or water raven. See Acalot.
A-€a'CIA, n. [L.] Egyptian thorn. — In medicine, it is a
name given to the inspissated juice of the unripe fruit of
the mimosa JVilotica, which is brought from Egypt in
roundish masses, in bladders.
A-€a'CIANS, in church history, were certain sects, so de-
nominated from Acacius. Encyc.
\ A€-A-DeME', n. An academy ; a society of persons.
A€>-A-De'MI-AL, a. Pertaining to an academy.
AC-A-De'MI-AN, n. A member of an academy ; a student
in a university or college.
A€-A-DEM'I€, or A€-A-DEM'I-€AL, a. Belonging to an
academy, or to a college or university ; as, academic
studies •, also noting wiiat belongs to the school or philos-
ophy of Plato ; as, the academic sect.
A€-A-DE]M'I€, n. One who belonged to the school, or ad-
fl^hered to the philosophy, of Socrates and Plato; a student,
A€-A-DEM'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an academical manner.
A€-A-DE-Ml"CIAN, n. [Fr. academicien.] A member of an
academy, or society for promoting arts and sciences ; par
ticularly, a member of the French academies.
A-€AD'E-MISM, n. The doctrine of the academic philoso-
phy. Baxter.
A-€AD*E-MIST, n. A member of an academy for promoting
arts and sciences ; also an academic philosopher.
A-€AD'E-MY, n. [L. academia.] Originally, it is said, a
garden, grove, or villa, near Athens, where Plato and his
followers held their philosophical conferences. 1. A
school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between
a university or college and a common school ; also a
school for teaching a particular art, or particular sciervr^s ;
as, a military academy. 2. A house, in which the stu-
dents or members of an academy meet ; a place of edu-
cation. 3. A society of men united for the promotion of
arts and sciences in general, or of some particular art.
A€'A-LOT, n. [contracted from acacalotl.] A Mexican
fowl, called by some the aquatic crow.
A€-A-MAe'U, n. A bird ; the Brazilian fly-catcher, or to-
dus.
A€-A-NA'CEOUS, a. [Gr. aKavos.] Armed with prickles.
Milne.
A-CANTH'A, n. [Gr ahavQa.] In botany, a prickle. — In
zoology, a spine or prickly fin ; an acute process of the
vertebers.
A€-AN-THa'CEOUS, a. Armed with prickles, as a plant
A-CAN'THA-RIS, n. In entomology, a species of cimex.
A-€ANTH'INE, a. [See Acanthus.] Pertaining to the
plant acanthus.
A€-AN-THOP-TE-RYG'I-OUS, a. [Gr. aKavBos.] In zoolo-
gy, having back fins which are hard, bony, and prickly ;
a term applied to certain fishes .
A-€ANTH'US, n. [Gr. aKavdoi.] 1. The plant bear's
breech, or brank ursine. — ^2. In architecture, an ornament
resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus.
A-€AN'TI-CONE, 7?. See Pistacite.
A-€ARN'AR, n. A bright star. Bailey.
A-€AT-A-LE€'TI€, n. [Gr. aKaraXriKTog.] A verse, which
has the complete number of syllables. Johnson.
A-€AT'A-LEP-SY, n. [Gr. a/caraX77^ta..] Impossibility of
complete discovery or comprehension ; incomprehensibil-
ity. Whitaker.
A-€AT'E-CHI-LI, n. A Mexican bird.
A CAT'ERjACATES. See Caterer and Gates.
A-€AU'LINE, ) a. [L. a. priv. and caulis.] In botany,
A-€AU'LOUS, \ without a stem ; having flowers resting
on the ground.
A€-CeDE', v. i. [L. accede] I. To agree or assent, as to
a proposition, or to terms proposed by another. 2. To be-
come a party, by agreeing to the terms of a treaty.
A€-CeD'ING, pj)?-. Agreeing; assenting.
AC-CEL'ER-ATE, 7;. i. [lu. accelero.] 1 . To cause to move
faster ; to hasten ; to quicken motion ; to add to the ve-
locity of a moving body. 2. To add to natural or ordinary
progression ; as, to accelerate the growth of a plant. 3.
To bring nearer in time ; to shorten the time between
the present time and a future event.
A€-CEL'ER-A-TED, pp. auickened in motion ; hastened
in progress.
A€-CEL'ER-A-TING, ppr. Hastening; increa?'^.g vel»
city or progression.
A€-CEL-ER-A'TION, n. The act of increasing velocity or
progress ; the state of being quickened in motion or ac-
tion.
AC-CEL'ER-A-TIVE, a. Adding to velocity ; quickening
progression. Reid.
AC-CEL'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Acceleratmg ; quickening mo
tion.
tA€-CEND', V. t. [L. accendo.] To kindle ; to set on fire.
A€-CEND-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being kindled, or of
becoming inflamed.
AC-CEND I-BLE, a. Capable of being inflamed or kindled.
Ure.
A€-CEN'SION, 71. The act of kindling or setting on fire ;
or the state of being kindled ; inflammation. Chemis-
try.
ACCENT, 72. [L. accentus ) 1 The modulation of the
voice in reading or speaking. 2. A particular stress or
force of voice upon certain syllables of words, which
distinguishes them from the others. Accent is of two
kinds, primary and secondary, as in as'pira'tion. 3. A
mark or character used in writing to direct the stress of
the voice in pronunciation. 4. A modulation of the voice
Sec Synopsis, a, E, I, o, tJ, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WH-^T ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
ACC
ACC
expressive of passions or sentiments. Prior. 5. Manner
of speaking. Obs. Shak. — 6. Poetically, words, language,
or expressions in general. Dryden. — 7. In music, a swell-
ing of sounds, for the purpose of variety or expression.
8. A peculiar tone or inflection of voice.
AC -CENT', v.t. To express accent ; to utter a syllable with
a particular stress or modulation of the voice. — In poetry,
to utter or pronounce in general. Also, to note accents
by marics in writing.
A€-CENT'ED, pp. Uttered with accent ; marked with ac-
cent.
A€-CENT'iNG, ppr. Pronouncing or marking with ac-
cent.
A€-CENT'U-AL, a. Pertaining to accent.
AG'CENT'U-ATE, v. t. To mark or pronounce with an
accent, or with accents.
A€-CENT-U-A'TION, n. The act of placing accents in
writing, or of pronouncing them in speaking.
A€-CEPT', V. t. [L. accepto.] I. To take or receive what
is offered with a consenting mind ; to receive with ap-
probation or favor. 2. To regard with partiality ; to value
or esteem. 3. To consent or agree to ; to receive as
terms of a contract 5 as, to accept a treaty ; often follow-
ed by of. 4. To understand ; to have a particular idea
of; to receive in a particular sense. — 5. In commerce,
to agree or promise to pay, as a bill of exchange. See
ACCBPTANCE.
* A€-CEPT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be received with pleas-
ure ; hence, pleasing to a receiver ; gratifying. 2. Agree-
able or pleasing in person.
*A€-CEPT'A-BLE-NESS, or A€-CEPT-A-BIL'I-TY, n.
The quality of being agreeable to a receiver.
*Ae-CEPT'A-BLY, adv. In a manner to please, or give
satisfaction.
A€-CEPT'ANCE, n. 1. A receiving with approbation or
satisfaction ; favorable reception. 2. The receiving of a
bill of exchange, or order, in such a manner as to bind the
acceptor to make payment. 3. An agreeing to terms or
proposals in commerce, by which a bargain is concluded,
and the parties bound. 4. An agreeing to the act or con-
tract of another, by some act which binds the person in
law. — 5. In mercantile language, a bill of exchange ac-
cepted ; as, a merchant receives another's acceptance in
payment. 6. Formerly, the sense in which a word is
understood. Obs.
A€-CEP-Ta'TION, n. 1. Kind reception ; a receiving with
favor or approbation. 2. A state of being acceptable ;
favorable regard. 3. The meaning or sense in which a
word or expression is understood, or generally received.
4. Reception in general. Obs.
A€-CEPT'ED, pp. Kindly received ; regarded ; agreed to ;
understood ; received as a bill of exchange.
A€-CEPT'ER, or A€-CEPT'OR, n. A person who accepts.
t A€-CEP-TI-La'TION, n. The remission of a debt by an ac-
quittance from the creditor. Cotgrave.
A€-CEPT'rNG, ppr. Receiving favorably ; agreeing to ;
understanding.
t A€-CEP'TION, n. The received sense of a word.
f A€-CEPT'IVE, a. Ready to accept. B. Jonson.
A€-CESS', n. [L. accessus.^ 1. A coming to ; near ap-
proach ; admittance ; admission ; as, to gain access to a
prince. 2. Approach, or the way by which a thing may
be approached ; as, the access is by a neck of land. 3.
Means of approach ; liberty to approach ; implying pre-
vious obstacles. 4. Admission to sexual intercourse. 5.
Addition ; increase by something added •, as, an access of
territory. 6. The return of a fit or paroxysm of disease.
A€'CES-SA-RI-LY. See Accessorily.
A€'CES-SA-RT-NESS. See Accessoriness
A€'CES-SA-RY. See Accessory.
A€-CES-SI-BTL't-TY, n. The quality of being approacha-
ble, or of admitting access.
A€-CESS I-BLE, a. 1. That may be approached or reached.
2. Easy of approach ; affable.
A€-CESS'ION, n. [L. accessio.] 1. A coming to ; an acced-
ing to and joining. 2 Increase by something added ;
that which is added ; augmentation. — 3. In law, a mode
of acquiring property. 4. The act of arriving at a throne,
an office, or dignity, f That which is added. 6. The
invasion of a fit of a r ^riodical disease, or fever.
AG-CESS'ION-AL, a. Additional.
A€-CES-S5'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an accessory ; as, ac-
cessorial agency, accessorial guilt. Burros Trial.
A€'CES-SO-Rr-LY, adv. In the manner of an accessory ; by
subordinate means.
A€'CES-SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being accessory.
A€'CES-SO-RY, a. [L. accessorius.] 1. Acceding ; contrib-
uting ; aiding in producing some effect, or acting in
subordination to the principal agent. Usually in a bad
sense. 2. Aiding in certain acts or effects in a seconda-
ry manner ; as, accessory sounds in music.
A€'CES-SO-RY, n. 1. In laic, one who is guilty of a felony,
not by committing the offense in person, or as principal,
but by advising or commanding another to commit the
crime, or by cf nceallng the offender. 2. That which ac-
cedes or belongs to something else, as its principal.
A€'CI-DENCE, 71. [See Accident.] A small book, contain
ing the rudiments of grammar.
A€'CI-DENT, n. [L. accidens.] 1. A coming or falling ;
an event that takes place without one's foresight or ex-
pectation ; an event which proceeds from an unknown
cause, or "is an unusual effect of a known cause, and
therefore not expected ; chance ; casualty ; contingency.
2. That which takes place or begins to exist without an
efficient intelligent cause, and without design. Dwighi.
— 3. In logic, a property or quality of a being which ia
not essential to it, as whiteness in paper. — 4. In grammar,
something belonging to a word but not essential to it,
as gender.— 5. In heraldry, a point or mark, not essential
to a coat of arms.
AC-CI-DENT'AL, a. 3. Happening by chance, or rather un-
expectedly ; casual ; fortuitous ; taking place not accord-
ing to the usual course of things ; opposed to that which
is constant, regular, or intended ; as, an accidental visit.
2. Non-essential ; not necessarily belonging to ; as, songs
are accidental to a play.
A€-CI-DENT'AL-LY, adv. By chance ; casually ; fortui-
tously ; not essentially.
A€-CI-DENT AL-NESS, n. The quality of being casual.
\ Little used.']
t A€-CI-DEN'TIA-RY, a. Pertaining to the accidence
t A€-CIP'I-ENT, n. A receiver.
A€-CIP'I-TER, n. [L. ad and capio.} 1. A name given to
a fish, the milvus or lucerna. — 2. In ornithology, the name
of the order of rapacious fowls.
A€-CIP'I-TRINE, a. Seizing ; rapacious ; as the accipi-
trme order of fowls. Ed. Encyc.
t A€-ClTE', V. t. [L. ad and cito.} To call ; to cite ; to
summon.
A€-€LaIM', v. t. [L. acclamo.] To applaud. [Little used.]
Hall
A€-€LaIM', n. A shout of joy ; acclamation.
t A€'eLA-MATE, v. t. To applaud.
A€-€LA-MA'TI0N, n. [L. acclamatio.] A shout of ap-
plause, uttered by a multitude.
A€-€LAM'A-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy or applause by
shouts, or clapping of hands.
A€-€Ll'MA-TED, a. [ac for ad, and climate.] Habituated
to a foreign climate, or a climate not native. Med. Repos
itory.
t A€-€LTVE', a. Rising. Aubrey.
A€-€LIV'ITY, n. [L. acclivus, accli^ois.] A slope, or incli-
nation of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as as-
cending, in opposition to declivity, or a side descending.
Rising ground ; ascent 5 the talus of a rampart.
A€-€LI VOUS, a. Rising, as a hill, with a slope.
t Ae-€LOY , V. t. To fill ; to stuff"; to fill to satiety.
A€-€OIL'. See Coil.
A€'€0-LA, n. A delicate fish eaten at Malta.
A€-CO-LaDH , 71. [L. ad and collum.] A ceremony former-
ly used in conferring knighthood.
A€'€0-LENT, n. One who inhabits near a place ; a bor-
derer.
A€-COM'MO-DA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be fitted, made
suitable, or made to agree. [Little used.]
A€-€OM'MO-DATE, v. t. [L. accommodo.] 1. To fit, adapt,
or make suitable ; as, to accommodate ourselves to circum-
stances. Paley. 2. To supply with or furnish ; followed
by with. 3. To supply with conveniences ; as, to accom-
modate a friend. 4. To reconcile things which are at va-
riance ; to adjust. 5. To show fitness or agreement ;
to apply. 6. To lend — a commercial sense. In an intran-
sitive sense, to agree, to be conformable to, as used by
Boyle. Obs.
A€-€OM'MO-DATE, a. Suitable ; fit ; adapted ; as, meana
accommodate to the end» Ray.
A€-€OM'MO-DA-TED, pp. Fitted ; adjusted ; applied ; al
so, furnished with conveniences.
A€-COM'MO-DATE-LY, adv. Suitably ; fitly.
A€-€OM'MO-DATE-NESS, n. Fitness. [Little used.]
A€-€OM'MO-DA-TING,ppr. Adapting; making suitable
reconciling ; furnishing with conveniences ; applying.
A€-€OM'MO-DA-TING, a. Adapting one's self to ; oblig-
ing ; disposed to comply, and to oblige another.
A€-€OM-MO-Da'TION, n. 1. Fitness; adaptation; fol
lowed by to. 2. Adjustment of difl^erences ; reconcilia
tion, as of parties in dispute. 3. Provision of conven
iences. 4. In the plural ; conveniences ; things furnish-
ed for use ; chiefly applied to lodgings. — 5. In mercantile
language, accommodation is used for a loan of money. In
England, accommodation bill is one given instead of a
loan of money. Crabbe. 6. It is also used of a note lent
merely to accommodate the borrower. — 7. In theology,
accommodation is the application of one thing to another
by analogy, as of the words of a prophecy to a future
event. Paley.
A€-€OM'MO-i)A-TOR, n. One that accommodates ; one
that adjusts.
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
ACC
'i A€-€6M'PA-NA-BLE, a. Sociable.
A€-€6M'FA NTED, pp. Attended 5 joined with in society.
A€-€OM'PAi\'J ER, n. He who accompanies.
A€-eoM'PA-JMl-MENT, 71, {Yt. accompagnement.] Some-
thing that attends as a circumstance, or which is added
by way of ornament to the principal thing, or for the
sake of symmetry.
A€-€6M'PA-NIST, n. The performer in music, who takes
the accompanying part. Busby.
A€-€6M'PA-NY, v. t. [Fr. accompagner.] 1. To go with,
or attend, as a companion. 2. To be with as connected ;
to attend.
A€-€6M'PA-NY, ti. i. 1. To attend; to be an associate;
[oOs.] Bacon. 2. To cohabit. — 3. In music, to perform the
accompanjdng part in a composition.
A€-€6M'PA-NY-ING, ppr. Attending; going with as a
companion.
Ae-€OM'PLiCE, 71 [Fr. complice.'] An associate in a
crime ; a partner or partaker in guilt. It was formerly
used in a good sense for a co-operator, but this sense is
wholly obsolete.
Ae-€OM'PLISH, V. t.JYx. accomplir.] 1. To complete ; to
finish entirely. 2. To execute. 3. To gain ; to obtain
or effect by successful exertions. 4. To fulfill or bring to
pass ; as, to accomplish a prophecy. 5. To furnish with
qualities which serve to render the mind or body complete.
Ae-€OM'PLISHED, pp. 1. Finished ; completed ; fulfilled ;
executed ; effected. 2. a. Well endowed with good qual-
ities and manners ; complete in acquirements ; having a
finished education. 3 Fashionable. Swift.
A€-€OM'PLISH-ER, n. One who accomplishes.
A€-€OM'PLISH-ING, ppr. Finishing ; completing ; fulfill-
ing ; executing ; effecting ; furnishing with valuable
qua.'ities.
AC-eOM'PLISH-MENT, n. 1. Completion ; fulfillment ;
entire performance ; as of a prophecy. 2. The act of car-
rying into effect, or obtaining an object designed ; attain-
ment. 3. Acquirement; that which constitutes excel-
lence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by edu-
cation.
t A€-€01VIPT'. See Account.
t A€-€OMPT'ANT. See Accountant.
A€-eORD', 71. [Fr. accord.] 1. Agreement; harmony of
minds ; consent or concurrence of opinions or wills. 2.
Concert ; harmony of sounds ; the union of different
sounds, which is agreeable to the ear ; agreement in
pitch and tone. 3. Agreement ; just correspondence of
things. 4. Will ; voluntary or spontaneous motion ; used
of the will of persons, or the natural motion of other bodies,
and preceded by own. 5. Adjustment of a difference ;
reconciliation. — 6. In law, an, agreement between parties
in controversy. 7. Permission, leave.
ACCORD', V. t. 1. To make to agree, or correspond ; to
adjust one thing to another. Sidney. 2. To bring to an
agreement ; to settle, adjust, or compose. Hall.
AC-CORD', V. i. 1. To agree ; to be in correspondence. 2.
To agree in pitch and tone.
AC-CORD'A-BLE, a. Agreeable ; consonant.
AC-CORD'ANCE, n. Agreement with a person ; conformity
with a thing.
AC-CORD'ANT, a. Corresponding ; consonant ; agreeable.
AC-CORD'ANT-LY, adv. In an accordant manner.
AC-CORD'ED, pp. Made to agree ; adjusted.
AC-CORD'ER, n. One that aids, or favors.
AC-CORD'ING, ppr. (commonly, though not correctly,
classed among prepositions.) 1. Agreeing; harmonizing.
2. Suitable ; agreeable ; in accordance with. In these
senses, the word agrees with or refers to a sentence. —
Our zeal should be according to knowledge : — According,
here, has its true participial sense, agreeing, and is al-
ways followed by to. It is never a preposition.
AC-CORD'ING-LY, adv. Agreeably ; suitably ; in a man-
ner conformable to.
f AC-CORP'O-RATE, v. t. To unite. Milton.
AG-COST', V. t. [Fr. accoster.] .1- To approach ; to draw
near ; to ccme side by side, or face to face ; [not in use.]
2. To speak first to ; to address. Milton.
tAC-COST', 7J. i. To adjoin. Spenser.
AC-COST' A-BLE, a. Easy of access ; familiar.
AC-COST'ED,pp. Addressed; first spoken to.— In herald-
ry, being side by side.
AC-COST'ING, ppr. Addressing by first speaking to.
A.C-COU-CHEUR', (ak-koo-shure', or ak-koo-shaur') n.
[Fr.] A man who assists women in childbirth.
AC COUNT', 71. [Fr. conte. Formerly, writers used ac-
compt, from the Fr. compte.] 1. A sum stated on paper ;
a registry of a debt or credit, of debts and credits, or
charge} ; an entry in a book or on paper of things bought
or sold, of payments, services, &c., including the names
of the parties to the transaction, date, and price or value
of th( thing. 2. A computation of debts and credits, or a
general statement of particular sums. 3. A computation
or -node of reckoning ; applied to other things than mon-
ey or trade ; as, the Julian account of time. 4. Narra«^ive ;
ACC
relation ; statement of facts ; recital of particular transac-
tions and events, verbal or written ; as, an account of the
revolution in France. Hence, 5. An assignment of rea-
sons ; explanation by a recital of particular transactions.
6. Reason or consideration, as a motive ; as, on all ac-
counts. 7. Value; importance; estimation. 8. Profit;
advantage ; that is, a result or production worthy of esti-
mation. 9. Regard; behalf; sake; — a sense deduced
from charges on book ; as, on account of public affairs.
AC-COUNT', V. t. 1. To deem, judge, consider, think, or
hold in opinion. — 2. To account of; to hold in esteem ; to
value. 3. To reckon, or compute ; to assign as a debt.
These uses are antiquated.
AC-COUNT', V. i. 1. To render an account or relation of
particulars. 2. To give reasons ; to assign the causes ; to
explain ; with for. 3. To render reasons ; to answer for
in a responsible character.
AC-COUNT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. I. The state of being liable to
answer for one's conduct. R.Hall. 2. Liability to the pay
ment of money or of damages ; responsibility for a trust.
AC-COUNT'A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to be called to account ;
answerable to a superior. 2. Subject to pay, or make
good, in case of loss.
AC-COUNT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to answer or to
give account ; the state of being answerable.
AC-COUNT' ANT, 71. One skilled in mercantile accounts ,
more generally, a person who keeps accounts.
AC-COUNT'-BOOK, n. A book in which accounts are
kept. Swift.
AC-COUNT'ED, pp. Esteemed ; deemed ; considered ; re-
garded ; valued. — Accounted for ; explained.
AC-COUNT'ING, ppr. Deeming ; esteeming ; reckoning ;
rendering an account. — Accounting for ; rendering an ac-
count.
AC-COUNT'ING, n. The act of reckoning or adjusting ac-
counts.
AC-COUP'LE, (ak-kup'pl) v. t. To couple ; to join or link
together. See Couple.
AC-COUP'LE-MENT, (ak-kup'pl-ment) n. A coupling; a
connecting in pairs ; junction. [Little used.]
t AC-C0UR'A6E, (ak-kur'aje) v. t. To encourage. Spenser.
f AC-CoURT', V. t. To entertain with courtesy. Spenser.
AC-COU'TRE, I ,. tr^«;t«.^ S ^- *• [Fr. accoutrer.] In a
AC-C5U'TER, \ (.^K-^f'O lerj y general sense, to dress ; to
equip ; but appropriately, to array in a military dress ; to
put on, or to furnish with a military dress and arms ; to
equip the body for military service.
AC-C6U'TREDj,pp. Dressed in arms ; equipped.
AC-COU'TRING, ppr. Equipping with military habili
ments.
AC-COU'TRE-MENTS, (ak-koo'ter-ments) n. plu. 1. Dress
equipage ; furniture for the body ; appropriately, military
dress and arms ; equipage for military service. — 2. In
common usage, an old or unusual dress.
t AC-COY', 7). i. [Old Fr. accoistV. Todd.] To render quiet
or diflSdent ; to soothe ; to caress. Spenser.
AC-CRED'IT, V. t. [Fr. accredlter.] To give credit, author-
ity, or reputation.
AC-CRED-I-Ta'TION, n. That which gives title to credit.
[Little used.]
AC-CRED'IT-ED, pp. Allowed ; received with reputation ;
authorized in a public character. Christ. Obs.
AC-CRED'IT-ING, ppr. Giving authority or reputation.
AC-CRES'CENT, a. Increasing. Shuckford.
AC-CRe'TION, 71. [L. accretio.] A growing to; an in-
crease^by natural growth.
AC-CRE'TIVE, a. Increasing by growth ; growing ; adding
to by growth.
t AC-CRIM-I-Na'TION, 71. Accusation ; reproach.
AC-CRoACH', V. i. [Fr. accrocher.] 1. To hook, or draw
to as with a hook ; [obs.] 2. To encroach ; to draw away
from another. — The noun accroachment, an encroach-
ment,_is rarely or never used. See Encroach.
AC-CRuE', (ak-kru') v. i. [Fr. accrottre, accru.] Literally,
to grow to ; hence, to arise, proceed, or come ; to be added,
as increase, profit or damage ; as, a profit accrues to gov-
ernment from the coinage of copper ; a loss accrues from
the coinage of gold and silver.
jAC-CRuE', (ak-kru') n. Something that accedes to, or
follows the property of another.
AC-CRu'ING, ppr. Growing to ; arising ; coming ; being
added.
AC-CRU'MENT, 71. Addition ; increase.
AC-CU-Ba'TION, 71. [L. accubatio.] A lying or reclining
on a couch, as the ancients at their meals.
t AC-CUMB', V. i. [L. accumbo.] To recline as at table.
AC-CUM'BEN-CY, 7! . State of being accumbent or reclining.
AC-CUM'BENT, a. [L. accumbens.] Leaning or reclining,
as the ancients at their meals.
t AC-CUM'BENT, n. One who is placed at a dinner-table.
AC-CU'MU-LATE, v. t. [L. accumulo.] 1. To heap up; to
pile^ to amass. 2. To collect or bring together.
AC-Cu'MU-LATE, v. i. To grow to a great size, number^
or quantity ; to increase greatly.
• Set Synapsis. A, g, I, o, ©, "?, long.— FS.R, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ,— HN, MARINE, BiRD :— t Obsolete
ACE
ACI
Ae-€(J'MU-LATE, a. Collected into a mass or quantity.
A€-€0'MU-LA-TED, pp. Collected into a heap or great
quamity.
A€-€U'MU-LA-TLNGj ppr Heaping up j amassing; in-
creasing greatly.
A€-€U-iMU-LA'TION, n. The act of accumulating ; the
scale of being accumulated ; an amassing ; a coUectmg to-
gether.
A€-€U'MU-LA-TIVE, a. That accumulates ; heaping up ;
accumulating.
AC-Cu'MU-LA-TOR, n. One that accumiUates, gathers or
amasses.
A€'eU-RA-CY, n. [L. accuratio.] 1. Exactness ; exact con-
formity to truth, or to a nUe or model ; freedom from
mistake ; nicety ; correctness ; precision which results
from care. 2. Closeness ; tightness.
A€'€tJ-RATE, a. [L, accuratus.] 1. In exact conformity
to truth, or to a standard or rule, or to a model •, free from
failure, error, or defect. 2. Determinate ; precisely fixed.
3. Close ; perfectly tight.
ACeU-RATE-LY, adv. 1. Exactly •, in an accurate man-
ner ; with precision ; without error or defect. 2. Close-
ly ; so as to be perfectly tight. Comstock.
A€'€U-RATE-NESS, n. Accuracy ; exactness ; nicety ;,
precision.
AC-CURSE', ^ak-kurs') v. t. [ac for ad, and curse.'\ To de-
vote to destruction ; to imprecate misery or evil upon.
{Rarely used.] See Curse.
A€-€URSiEI), pp. or a. 1. Doomed to destruction or mise-
ry. 2. Separated from the faithful ; CEist out of the
chiirch ; excommunicated. 3. Worthy of the curse ; de-
testable ; execrable. 4. Wicked ; malignant in the ex-
treme.
AC-Cu'SA-BLE, a. That may be accused ; chargeable with
a crime ; blamable ; liable to censure ; followed by :</.
AC-Cu'S-4NT, 71. One who accuses. Hall. *
AC-CU-Sa'TION, 71. 1. The act of charging with a crime
or offense ; the act of accusing of any wrong or injustice.
2. The charge of an ofiense or crime ; or the declaration
containing the charge.
AC-Cu'SA-TlVE, a. A term given to a case of nouns, in
grammars, on which the action of a verb terminates or
falls ; called, in English grammar, the objective case. — Cen-
suring ; accusing.
\€-eu'SA-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. In an accusative manner.
2. In relation to the accusative case in grammar.
A.€!-Cu'SA-T0-RY, a. Accusing ; containing an accusa-
tion^
AC-CUSE', V. t. [L. accuso.l 1. To charge with, or de-
clare to have committed a crime. 2. lo charge with a
fault; to blame.
AC-CUS'ED, (ak-ku2d') pp. Charged with a crime, by a le-
gal process ; charged with an offense ; blamed.
AC-CUS'ER, 71. One who accuses or blames.
AC-CuS'ING, ppr Charging with a crime ; blaming.
AC-CUS'TOM, V. t. [Fr. accoutumer .] To make fanfiliar by
use ; to form a habit by practice ; to habituate or inure.
A€-€US'T0M, V. i. 1. To be wont, or habituated to do any
thing. [Little used.] 2. To cohabit. [JVot used.] Milton,
t AC-€US'T0M, n. Custom. Jililton.
AC-CUS'TOM-A-BLE, a. Of long custom ; habitual ; cus-
tomary. [Little ii^ed.]
AC-CUS'TOM-A-BLY, adv. According to custom or habit.
[Little used.]
t A€-€US'TOM-ANCE, n. Custom ; habitual use or prac-
tice. Boyle.
AC-€US'TOM-A-RI-LY, adv. According to custom or com-
mon practice. [Little u^ed.]
AC-CUS'TOM-A-RY, a. Usual ; customary. [Little used.]
ACeUS'TOMED, ;)j7. 1. Being familiar by use ; habituat-
ed ; inured. 2. a. Usual ; often practiced.
AC-CUS'TOM-ED-NESS, n. FamUiarity.
AC-CUS'TOM-ING, ppr. Making familiar by practice ; in-
uring.
aCE, 71. [L. as.] 1. A unit ; a single point on a card or
die ; or the card or die so marked. 2. A very small quan-
tity ; a particle ; an atom ; a trifle.
A-CEL'DA-MA, n. [Ch. Spn, a field, and Noi, Ch. Syr.
and Sam., blood.] A field purchased with the bribe which
Judas took for betraying his Master, and therefore called
the field of blood.
ACEPH'A-LIST, n. One who acknowledges no head or su-
perior.
A-CEPH'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. a priv. and Ks^alrj, a head.]
Without a head, headless.— In history, the term Acephali,
or Acephalites, was given to several sects who refused to
follow some noted leader.
A-CEPH'A-LUS, 71. An obsolete name of the tasnia or tape
worm. The term is also used to express a verse defective
in the beginning.
A-CERB', a. [L. acerlus,] Sour, bitter, and harsh to the
taste ; sour, with astringency or roughness ; a quality of
unripe fruits. Q,uincy.
t A-CERB' ATEj v. t. To make sour
A-CERB'I-TY, n. 1. A sourness, with roughness, or astriU'
gency. 2. Figuratively, harshness or severity of temper
in man.
A-CER'IC, a. [L. acer.] Pertaining to the maple. Ure.
AC'ER-OUS, a. [L. acerosv^.] In botany, chaffy ; resem
blinc chaff.
t A-CER VATE, v. t. To heap up.
t A-CER'VOSE, a. Full of heaps.
A-CES'CEN-CY, n, [L. acescens.] A turning sour by spon-
taneous decomposition ; a state of becoming sour, tart, or
acid , and hence, a being moderately sour.
A-CES'CENT, a. Turning sour ; becoming tart or acid by
spontaneous decomposition.
A-C£S'TE, n. In entomology, a species of butlerfly.
A-CES'TIS, n. [Gr.] A factitious sort of chrysocolla, made
of Cvprian verdigris, urine and niter. Cyc.
AC-E-TAB'U-LUM, n. [L,] Among the Romans, a vinegar
cruise, or like vessel. A species of lichen.
AC'E-TA-RY, n. An acid, pulpy substance in certain fruits.
GrejD.
AC E-TATE, 71. In chemistry, a neutral salt, formed by the
union of the acetic acid with any salifiable base. La-
voisier.
ACE-TA-TED, a. Combined with acetic acid, or radical
vinegar.
A-CE'TIC, a. A term used to denote a particular acid,
acetic acid.
A-CET-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. The act of making acetous or
sour ; or tjie operation of making vinegar.
A-CkT'I-FY, v. t. To convert into acid or vinegar.
AC'E-TITE, n. A neutral salt, formeu by the acetous acid
with a salifiable base.
AC-E-TOM'E-TER, 71. [L. acetum, vinegar, and Gr. nerpov,
measure.] An instrmnent for ascertaining the strength of
vinegar. Ure.
A-Ce'TOUS, a. Sour ; like or having the nature of vinegar.
AC-E-ToSE', a. Sour ; sharp.
t AC-E-TOS'I-TY, n. The state of being acetose.
A-Ce'TUM, n. [L.l Vinegar.
aCHE, (ake) v. i. [Sax. ace, ece.] 1. To suffer pain ; to
have or be in pain, or in continued pain ; as, the head
aches. 2. To suffer grief, or extreme grief; to be distress-
ed ; as, the heart aches.
aCHE, (ake) n. Pain, or continued pain, in opposition to
suddjn twinges, or spasmodic pain.
A-CHe'AN, a. Pertaining to Achaia.
A-CHERN'ER, n. The name of a star of the first magni-
tude.
ACH'ER-SET, n. An ancient measure of com.
A-CHlE'VA-BLE, a. That may be performed. Barrow.
A-CHIE'VANCE, 71. Performance. Elyot.
A-CHIeVE', v. t. [Fr. achever.] 1. Topertonn,or execute ;
to accomplish ; to finish, or carry on to a final close 2.
To gain or obtain, as the result of exertion.
A-CHIeV'ED, (a-cheevd') pp. Performed ; obtained ; ac-
complished.
A-CHIeVE'MENT, n. 1. The performance of an action.
2. A great or heroic deed ; something accomplished by
valor or boldness. 3. An obtaining by exertion. 4. An
escutcheon, or ensigns armorial.
A-CHIeV'ER, n. One who accomplishes a purpose, or ob-
tains_an object by his exertions.
A-CHIeV'ING, ;?;)?-. Performing; executing; gaining
aCH'ING, ppr. Being in pain ; suffering distress.
aCH'ING, 71. Pain ; continued pain or distress.
a'CHI-OTE, 71. The anotta ; a tree, and a drug used for dye-
ing red. Clavigero.
a'CHOR, 7?. [Gr. a^fj^p,] 1. The scald head, a disease form-
ing scaly eruptions. — 2. In mythology, the god of flies.
A€H-R0-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. a priv. and xP'^/'«7 color.] Des-
titute of color. Achromatic telescopes are formed of a
combination of lenses, and so contrived as to remedy aber-
rations and colors.
A-CIC'U-LAR, a. [L. acicula.] In the shape of a needle.
A-CIC'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the manner of needles, or
prickles.
ACID, a. [L. acidus.] Sour, sharp or biting to the taste ,
having the taste of vinegar.
ACID, 71. In chemistry, acids are a class of substances, so
denominated from their taste, or the sensation of sour-
ness which they produce on the tongue.
AC-I-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [acwf, and L./ero.] Containmg acids,
or an acid.
A-CID'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. [from acidify.] Capable of being con-
verted into an acid.
A-CID-[-Fi-Ca'TION, 77. The act or process of acidifying
or changing into an acid.
A-CID'I-FlED, pp. Made acid ; converted into an acid.
A-CID'I-FI-ER, 71. That which by combination forms an
acid, as oxygen and hydrogen.
A-CIO'I-F?, V. t. To make acid ; but, appropriately, to con
vert into an acid.
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— Bl^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as- J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
ACQ
A-CID'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making acid ; having power to
change into an acid.
AC-[-DfM'E-TER, n. An instrument for ascertaining the
strengtli of acids. Upg.
AC'1-1 iST, n. One wlio maintains the doctrine of acids.
A-C1D'[-TY, ?!. [Fx.aciditi.] The quality of being sour ;
sourness ; tartness ; sharpness to tlie taste.
AC'ID-NESS, 7*. The quality of being sour ; acidity.
A-€ID'U-L^, 71. Medicinal springs impregnated with sharp
particles.
A-CID'U-LATE, v, t. [L. acidulus.] To tinge with an acid ;
to make acid in a moderate degree.
A-C'fD'U-LA-TED, pp. Tinged with an acid ; made slightly
sour.
A-CiD'U-LA-TING, ppr. Tinging with an acid.
AC'I-DULE, or A-CID'U-LUM, 71. In chemistry, a com-
pound salt, in which the alkaline base is supersaturated
with acid.
A-CID'U-LOUS, a. [1.. acidulus.] Slightly sour 5 sub-acid,
or having an excess of acid.
AC-I-NAC I-FORM, a. [L. acinaces.] In botany, formed
like, or resembling a cimeter.
A-CIN'I-FORM, a. [L. acinus, a grape-stone, and forma,
shape.] Having the form of grapes ; being in clusters like
grapes.
AC'I-NOSE, la Consisting of minute granular concretions.
AC'I-NOUS, \ Eirwan.
AC'I-NUS, n. [L.] In botany, one of the smaU grains, which
compose the fruit of the blackberry, &c.
AC I-PEN-SER, a. In ichthyology, a genus of fishes.
A-CIT'LI, n. A name of the water hare.
ACK ER, n. A ripple on the surface of the water; a curl.
Fine mould.
t AC-KNOW, (ak-no') v, t. To acknowledge ; to confess.
B. Jon son.
A€-KNOWL'EDGE, (ak-nol'-edge) v. t. 1. To own, avow,
or admit to be true, by a declaration of assent. 2. To own
or notice with particular regard. 3. To own or confess,
as implying a consciousness of guilt. 4. To own with
assent ; to admit or receive with approbation. 5. To own
with gratitude ; to own as a benefit. 6. To own or ad-
mit to belong to , 7. To receive with respect. 8. To own,
avow, or assent to an act in a legal form, to give it va-
lidity.
A€-KN0WL'ED6ED, pp. Owned ; confessed ; noticed
with regard or gratitude ; received witli approbation ;
owned before authority.
A€-KNOWL'EDG-ER, n. One who acknowledges.
AC-KNOWL-'EDG-ING, ppr Owning ; confessing ; approv-
mg.
A€-KNOWL'EDG-MENT, n. 1. The act of owning ; con-
fession. 2. The owning, with approbation, or in the true
character. 3. Concession ; admission of the truth ; as of
a fact, position, or principle. 4. The owning of a benefit
received, accompanied with gratitude. 5. A declaration
or avowal of one's own act, to give it legal validity.
ACME, (ak'my) n. [Gr. aK^r].] The top, or highest point.
ACNE, (ak'ny) 71. [Gr.] A small, hard punple or tubercle
on the face. Quincy.
A€-NES'TIS, 71. A part of the spine in quadrupeds.
ACO, 77. A Mediterranean fish.
t A-CoLD', acZo. Cold. Oower.
ACO-LIN, n. A bird of the partridge kind.
A-€OL'0-THIST, } n. [Gr. aKoXoi'0£«.] In the ancient
ACO-LYTE, \ church, a subordinate officer.
ACO-NITE, n. [L. aco7ntum.] The herb wolf's bane -, and,
in poetry, used for poison in general.
A-€ON'TIAS, n. [Gr. aKovriaq.'] 1. A species of serpent,
called dart-snake. 2. A comet or meteor resembling the
serpent.
t A-COP', adv. [a and cope.] At the top. Jonson.
A'CORN, n. [Sax, cBcern.] The seed or fruit of the oak
a'CORN, v. i. To pick up and feed on acorns.
a'CORNED, a. Furnished or loaded with acoms.
a'GO-RUS, 71. [L.l 1. Aromatic calamus, sweet flag, or
sw^et rush. — 2. In natural history, blue coral.
A€-0-TYL'E-D0N, n. A plant whose seeds have no side
lobes.
AC-O-TY-LED'O-NOUS, a. Having no side lobes.
A-€OUS'TIC, a. [Gr. a/covo-ri/cof .] Pertaining to the ears, to
the sense of hearing, or to the doctrine of sounds.
A-COUS'TICS, n. 1. The science of sounds, teaching their
cause, nature, and phenomena. — 2. In inedicine, this term
is sometimes used for remedies for deafness.
A€-Q,UaINT', v. t. [old Fr. accointer.] 1. To make
known ; to make fully or intimately known ; to make fa-
miliar. 2. To inform •, to communicate notice to. 3. To
acquaint one's self, is to gain an intimate or particular
knowledge of.
AC-aUAINT'ANCE, n. 1. Familiar knowledge ; a state of
being acquainted, or of having intimate or more than
slight or superficial knowledge. 2. A person or persons
well known ; usually, persons we have been accustomed
10
ACR
to see and converse with ; sometimes, persons more slight-
ly known. — Acquaintances, in the plural, is used as aji-
plied to individual persons known ; but, more generally,
acquaintance is used for one or more. — Acquaintant, in a
like sense, is not used.
AC-aUAlNT'ANCE-SHIP, n. The quality of being ac
quainted. Chalmers.
AC-Q.UaINT'ED, pp. Known ; familiarly known ; inform-
ed ; having personal knowledge.
A€-Q.Ua1NT'ING, pj)?-. Making known to; giving nclic«
or information to.
AC-Q.UEST', n. [L. acquisitus.] 1. Acquisition ; the thing
gained. Baco7i. 2. Conquest •, a place acquired by force.
A€-aUI-ESCE', (ak-que-ess') v.i. [L. acquiesco.] 1. To
rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without
opposition and discontent. 2. To assent to. upon convic-
tion. — Acquiesced in, in a passive sense ; complied with ;
submitted to without opposition.
A€-Q-UI-ES'CENCE, n. A quiet assent ; a silent submis-
sion, or submission with apparent content.
A€-Q.UI-ES'CENT, a. Resting satisfied ; easy ; submitting ;
disposed to submit. Johnso7i.
AC-aUl-ES'CING, ppr. Quietly submitting ; resting con-
tent.
t AC-QUl'ET, V. i. To render quiet. Shirley.
AC-Q.Ui'RA-BLE, a. That may be acquired.
AC-Q.U1RE', V. t. [L. acquiro.] To gain, by any means,
something which is in a degree permanent, or which be-
comesvested or inherent in the possessor.
A€-QUiR'ED, (ak-quird') ;?j7. -Gained, obtained, or receiv-
ed from art, labor, or other means, in distinction from
those things which are bestowed by nature.
AC-aUiRE MENT, n. The act of acquirhig, or that which
is acquired ; attainment. It is used in opposition to nat-
ural gifts. W^'[
AC-ClUlR EI^i. A person who acquires.
AC-Q.UlR'ING^ -ppr. Gaining by labor, or other means,
something tjlaji' has a degree of permanence in the pos-
sessor. _ ■ ,
f A€-Q,Ul'RY, n. Acquirement. Barrow,
ACaUI-SlTE, a. Gained. Burton.
A€-QUI-SI»TI0N, n. [L. acquisitio.] 1. The act of acquir-
ing. 2. The thing acquired, or gained.
AC-aUISl-TlVE, a. That is acquired ; acquired ; [but im.-
proper.] Walton.
A€-CIUIS I-TiVE-LY, adv. Noting acquirement, with to
or for following. Lilly.
t AC-OUIST', 71. See Acquest. Milton.
AC-QUIT', V. t. [Fr. acquitter.] To set free ; to release or
discharge from an obligation, accusation, guilt, censure,
suspicion, or whatever lies upon a person as a charge or
dutv.
t A€-aUIT'MENT, n. The act of acquitting, or state of be-
ing acquitted ; now superseded by acquittal. South.
AC-QUIT'TAL, n. A judicial setting free, or deliverance
from the charge of an offense.
AC-aUIT'TANCE, n. 1. A discharge or release from a
debt. 2. The writing, which is evidence of a discharge ;
a receipt in full, which bars a further demand.
t AC-aUIT'TANCE, v. t. To acquit. Shak.
AC-aUIT'TED, p;>. Set free, or judicially discharged from
an accusation ; released from a debt, duty, obligation,
charge, or suspicion of guilt.
AC-Q. JIT'TING, ppr. Setting free from accusation ; releas-
ing from a charge, obLigation, or suspicion of guilt.
t A-€RaSE', or t A-€RaZE', v. t. 1. To make crazy ; to
infatuate. 2. To impair ; to destroy.
ACRA-SY, ?(. [Gr. uKpaaia.] In medical authors, an excess
or predominancy of one quality above another, in mix-
ture, or in the human constitution. Bailey.
a'CRE, (a'ker) n. [&a.x. acer, acera, or tscer.] A quantity
of land, containing 160 square rods or perches, or 4840
square yards.
a'CRED, (a'kerd) a. Possessing acres or landed property.
Pope.
ACRID, a. [Fr. acre ; L. acer.] Sharp ; pungent ; bitter ;
sharp or biting to the taste ; acrimonious.
ACRID-NESS, 71. A sharp, bitter, pungent quality.
AC-RI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Sharp ; bitter ; coiTosive ; abound-
ing with acrimony. 2. Figuratively, severe ; sarcastic ;
applied to language or temper.
AC-RI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With sharpness or bitter-
ness.
ACRI-MO-NY, 77. [1,. acrimonia.] 1. Sharpness ; a quality
of bodies which corrodes, dissolves, or destroys others.
2. Figuratively, sharpness or severity of temper ; bitter
ness of expression proceeding from anger, ill-nature, 01
petulance.
ACRI-SY, n. [Gr. a and Kpiai?.] A state or condition of
which no right judgment can be formed ; that of which
no choice is made ; matter in dispute ; injudiciousness
\Little used.] Bailey.
ACRI-TUDE, n. [See Acrid.] An acrid quality ; bitterness
to the taste ; biting heat.
See Synapsis. ^, E, T, 5, tr, Y, long.—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
ACT 11
f A€'RI-TY, 71. Sharpness •, eagerness.
A€-RO-A-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. aKpoafiaTiKos.] Abstruse ; per-
taining to deep learning.
A€-RO-AT'I€, a. [Gr. aKpoariKos.] Abstruse ; pertaining
to deep learning ; and opposed to exoteric.
A€-R0-CE-RAU'N1-AN, a. [Gr. aKpa and Kepavvus.] An
epithet applied to certain mountains, between Epirxis and
Illyricum.
A-€Ro MI-ON, n. [Gr. aKpos and w/zoj.] In anatomy, the
upper part of the spine of the scapula.
A-€RON'ie, I a. [Gr. a/cpoj and vu|.] In astronomy, a
A-€ROjN' 'I-€AL, \ term applied to the rising of a star at
sunset, or its setting at sunrise.
A-€R0N'I-€A1.-LY, adv. In an acronical manner; at the
rising or setting of the sun.
A€'RO-SPIRE, n. [Gr. aKpos and aneipa.] A shoot or
sprout of a seed. Mortimer.
A€'RO-SPIRED, a. Having a sprout, or having sprouted at
both ends. Mortimer.
A-€ROSS', jyrep. 1. From side to side, opposed to along,
which is in the direction of the length ; athwart ; quite
over 5 as, a bridge is laid across a river. 2. Intersect-
ing ; passing over at any angle ; as, a line passing across
another.
A-€ROS'TI€, 7*. [Gr. aKpa and aTi^og.] A composition in
verse, in which the first letters of the lines, taken in or-
der, form the name of a person, kingdom, city, &c.
A-€ROS'TI€, a. That relates to, or contains an acrostic.
A-€ROS'TI€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an acrostic.
A€-R0-TE-LEU'TI€, n. [Gr. aKpos and reXevrr].-] Among
ecclesiastical writers, an appellation given to any thing
added to the end of a psalm, or hymn.
A€'RO-TER. n. [Gr. aKporrjp.] In architecture, a small
pedestal, usually without a base.
A€-RO-THYM'I-ON, n. [Gr. aKpos and Bvixos.] Among pJiij-
sicians, a species of wart, with a narrow basis and broad
top, having the color of thyme. It is called thymus.
A€T, V. i. [Gr. ayo), L. ago.] 1. To exert power ; as, the
stomach acts upon food. 2. To be in action or motion ;
to move. 3. To behave, demean, or conduct, as in
morals, private duties, or public offices. — To act up t--^^ is
to equal in action ; to fulfil, or perform a correspondent
action.
A€T, V. t. 1. To perform ; to represent a character on the
stage. 2. To feign or counterfeit. [Improper.'] Dryden.
3. To put in motion 5 to actuate ; to regulate movements.
[Obs.] Locke.
A€T, n. 1. The exertion of power ; the effect, of which
power exerted is the cause. 2. That whicn is done ; a
deed, exploit, or achievement, whether good or ill. 3.
Action •, performance •, production of effects 5 as, an act
of charity. 4. A state of reality or real existence, as op-
posed to a possibility. 5. In general, act denotes action
completed ; but, preceded by in, it denotes incomplete ac-
tion. 6. A part or division of a play, to be performed with-
out interruption ■, after which the action is suspended to
give respite to the performers. 7. The result of public
deliberation, or the decision of a prince, legislative bodv,
council, court of justice, or magistrate ; a decree, edict,
law, judgment, resolve, award, determination ; as, an act
of parliament. — Act, in English universities, is a thesis
maintained in public, by a candidate for a degree. — jlct
of faith, auto da fe, in Catholic countries, is a solemn
day held by the Inquisition, for the punishment of here-
tics.
AeT'ED, pp. Done ; performed ; represented on the
stage.
A€'T1-AN, a. Relating to Actium.
A€T'ING, ppr. Doing ; performing ; behaving ; represent-
ing the character of another.
AGT'ING, n. Action ; act of performing a part of a
play.
A€-TIN'0-LTTE, n. [Gr. uktiv and \iOos.] A mineral,
strahlstcin, nearly alfied to hornblend.
Ae-TlN-0-LIT'I€, a. Like or pertaining to actinolite.
ACTION, n. [L, actio.] 1. Literally, a driving 5 hence, the
state of acting or moving ; exertion of power or force, as
when one body acts on another. 2. An act or thing done ;
a deed. — 3. In vicchanics, agency; operation; driving
impulse ; effort of one body upon another.— 4. In ethics,
the external signs or expression of the sentiments of a
moral agent; conduct; behavibr ; demeanor.— 5. In poe-
try, a series of events, called also the subject or fable.— Q.
In oratory, gesture or gesticulation ; the external deport-
ment of the speaker.— 7. In physiolosv, the motions or
nctions of the body, vital, animal, and natural.— 8. In
law^ a suit or process, by which a demand is made of a
right ; a claim made before a tribunal. 9. In some coun-
tries of Europe, action is a share in the capital stock of
a company, or m the public funds, equivalent to our term
share ,• and consequently, in a more general sense, to
stocks.— \0. In painting and sculpture, the attitude or po-
ACU
sition of the several parts of the body, by which they seem
to be actuated by passions 11. Battle; fight; engage-
ment between troops in wai, whether on land or water.
A€'TION-A-BLE, a. That will bear a suit, or for which an
action at law may be sustained.
A€'T10N-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that subjects to legal
process.
A€'TION-A-RY, or AG'TION-IST, n. In Europe, a propri-
etor of stock in a trading company ; one who owns actions
or shares of stock.
t A€-TI-Ta'TIUN, 71. Action quick and frequent.
t A€'TI-VATE, V. a. To make active.
A€T'lVE, a. [L. activus ; Fr. actif.] 1. That has the
power or quality of acting ; that contains the principle
of action, independent of any visible external force. 2.
Having the power of quick motion, or disposition to move
with speed ; nimble ; lively ; brisk ; agile. 3. Busy ;
constantly engaged inaction. 4. Requiring action or ex-
ertion ; practical ; operative ; producing real effects ; op-
posed to speculative ; as, the active duties of life.
A€T'IVE-LY, adv. In an active manner ; by action ; nim-
bly ; briskly.
A€T'IVE-NESS, 7?. The quality of being active ; the facul-
ty of acting; quickness of motion.
AG-TIV'I-TY, n. The quality of being active ; the active
faculty ; nimbleness ; agility ; also the habit of diligent
and vigorous pmsuit of business.
t AeTiLESS, a. Without spurit ; insipid.
A€T'OR, 71. 1. He that acts or performs ; an active agent
2. He that represents a character, or acts a part in a play ]
a stage-player. 3. Among civilians, an advocate or proc
tor in civil courts or causes.
AGT'RESS, n. A female who acts or performs, and espe-
cially on the stage or in a play.
A€T'U-AL, a. [Fr. actuel.] 1. Real or effective, or that
exists truly and absolutely. 2. Existing in act ; real ; in
opposition to speculative.
A€T-U-AL'I-TY, 71. Reality. Haweis.
A€T'U-AL-LY, adv. In fact ; really ; in truth.
t A€T'U-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being actual.
A€T'U-A-RY, n. [L. actuarius.] A register or clerk.
A€T'U-ATE, a. Put in action. [Little used.]
A€T'U-ATE, V. t. To put into action ; to move or incite to
action.
A€T'U-A-TED, pp. Put in action ; Incited to action.
A€T'U-A-TING, ppr. Putting in action ; Inciting to ac-
tion.
A€T-U-A'TION, 7t. The state of being put in action ; ef
fectual operation. Qlanville.
t A€T'U-OSE, a. Having strong powers of action.
A€T'US, 71. Among the Romans, a measure in building
equal to 120 Roman feet.
A€'U"-ATE, V. t. [L. acuo.] To sharpen ; to make pungent
or corrosive. [Little used.] Harvey.
t A€'U-ATE, a. Sharpened. Ashmole.
A€-U-BeNE', n. A star of the fourth magnitude.
Ae-U-i"TION, 71. The sharpening of medicines to In
crease their effect.
t A-eU'I-TY, 72.. Sharpness. Perkins.
A-€tJ'LE-ATE, a. [L. aculeus.] 1. In botany, having
prickles, or sharp points ; pointed. — 2. In zoology, hav-
ing a sting.
A-€u'LE-I, 71. [L.] In botany and zoology, prickles or
spines.
A€'U-LON, ) n. [Gr. a/cuXo?.] The fruit or acorn of the
A€'IJ-LOS, ] ilex, or scarlet oak.
A-€U'MEN, n. [L.] A sharp point ; and, figuratively,
quickness of perception, the faculty of nice discrimina-
tion.
A-€u'MI-NATE, a. [L. acuminatum.] Ending in a sharp
point ; pointed.
A-€u'MI-NA-TED, a. Sharpened to a point.
A-€d-MI-Na'T10N, n. A sharpening ; termination in a
shai-p point.
A€-U-PUN€'TURE, n. [1.. acusRnipmictura.] Amongthe
Chinese, a surgical operation, performed by pricking the
part affected with a needle.
A€'U-RU, n. In Lidia, a fragrant aloe-wood.
A'€US, n. [L.] 1. The ntedle-fish, or gar-fish. 2. The
ammodyte or sand eel. 3. The oblong cimex.
A-€uTE'', a. [L. acutus.] 1. Sharp at the end ; ending in a
sharp point ; opposed to bhcnt or obtuse. 2. Figuratively,
applied to mental powers ; penetrating ; having ni^3 dis-
cernment ; perceiving or using minute distinctions ; op-
posed to dull or stupid. 3. Applied to the senses; hav-
ing nice or quick sensibility ; susceptible of slight im-
pressions ; having power to feel or perceive small objects.
4. An acute disease is one which is attended with vio-
lent symptoms, and comes speedily to a crisis, as a
pleurisy; opposed to chronic. 5. An acute accent is that
which elevates or sharpens the voice. — 6. In music, acute
is applied to a tone which is sharp, or high ; opposed to
grave. — 7. In botany, ending in an acute angle.
t A-€OTE', V. t. To render the accent acute
! Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete
ADD
12
ADE
A-€t[TE'Ly , adv. Sharply ; keenly ; with nice discrimina-
tion.
A-€uTE'NESS, n. 1. Sharpness, 2. The faculty of nice
discernment or perception ; applied to the senses, or the
understanding. 3. Sharpness, or elevation of sound. 4.
Violence of a disease.
A-€U-T[a'TOR, 71. In the middle ages, a person whose of-
fice was to sharpen instruments.
AD. A Latin preposition, signifying to. — Ad hominem, to
the man, in logic, an argument, adapted to touch the pre-
judices of the person addressed. — Ad inquirendum, in law,
a judicial writ, commanding inquiry to be made. Ad
libitum, [L.] at pleasure. — Ad valorem, according to the
value, in commerce and finance.
t AD-A€T', v. t. [L. adago.} To drive ; to compel.
AD'AOE, n. [L. adagium, or adagio.] A proverb •, an old
saying, which has obtained credit by long use ; a wise
obsej-vation, handed down from antiquity.
t A-Da'6I-AL, a. Proverbial. Barrow.
A-Da'(jI-0, 71. [It.] In music, a slow movement. — As an
adverb, slowlv, leisurely, and with grace.
AD'AM, n. [in Heb. Ch. Syr. Eth. Ax., Man.] Primarily, the
name of the human species, mankind ; appropriately, the
first man, the progenitor of the human race.
AD'Ai\]'S AP-PLE. A species of citron, [see Citron ;j also
the prominent part of the throat.
^.D'AM'S NEE-DL,E. The popular name of the plant yucca.
AD'A-MANT, n. [Gr. aSaixas ; L. adamas.] A very hard or
impenetrable stone ; a name given to the diamond and
other substances of extreme hardness.
AD-A-MAN-Te'AN, a. Hard as adamant. Milton.
AD-A-MAJ^f'TINE, a. Made of adamant ; having the quali-
ties of adamant; that cannot be broken, dissolved, or
penetrated.
AI)'AM-I€, a. Pertaining to Adam.
AD' AM-ITES. In church history, a sect of visionaries, who
pretended to establish a state of innocence, and, like
Adam, went naked.
AD-AM-IT'I€, a. Like the Adamites. Taylor.
AD- AN-So'NI- A, n. Ethiopian sour gourd, monkey's bread,
or African calabash-tree.
A-DAPT , V. t. [Sp. adaptar ; L. ad and apto.] To make
suitable ; to fit or suit ; as, to adapt an instrument to its
uses.
A-DAP-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The q-uality of adaptation.
A-DAPT'A-BLE, a. That may be adapted.
AD-AP-Ta'TION, n. The act of making suitable, or the
state of being suitable, or fit ; fitness.
A-DAPT'ED, pp. Suited ; made suitable; fitted.
ADAPT'ER. See Adopter.
A-DAPT'ING, ppr. Suiting ; making fit.
A-DAP'TION, n. Adaptation ; the act of fitting.
t A-D APT'NESS, n. A state of being fitted.
a'DAR, n. A Hebrew month, answering to the latter part
of February and the beginning of March.
A-DaR'CE, n. [Gr. aSapK/js.] A saltish concretion on reeds
and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia.
A-DXR'eON, n. In Jewish antiquity, a gold coin.
A-DaR'ME, n. A Spanish weight, the sixteenth of an
ounce.
AD' A-TIS, n. A muslin or species of cotton cloth from India.
t A-DaUNT', v. t. To subdue.
t A-D AW, V. t. To daunt ; to subject. Spenser.
A-DaYS', adv. On or in days ; as in the phrase, now adays.
ADD, V. t. [li. addo.] 1. To set or put together, join, or
unite, as one thing or sum to another, in an aggregate.
2. To unite in idea or consideration ; to subjoin. 3. To
increase number. 4. To augment.
t AD-€0R'P0-RATE, V. t. To unite one body with another.
ADDA-BLE, a. That may be added.
AD-DEC'1-MATE, v. t. [L. ad and decimus.'] To take, or
to ascertain tithes.
ADD'ED, pp. Joined in place, in sum, in mass or aggregate,
in number, in idea, or consideration ; united ; put to-
gether.
AD-DEEM', V. t. To award ; to sentence. [Little used.]
AD-DEN'DUM, n. [L.] plu. Addenda. An addition or an
appendix to a work.
AD'DER, n. [Sax. aetter or aettw.] A venomous serpent or
viper, of several species.
AD'DER-FLY, n. A name of the dragon-fly.
AD'DER'S-GRaSS, n. A plant about which serpents lurk.
AD'DER'S-ToNGUE, n. A plant whose seeds are produced
on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue.
ADDER'S-WoRT, 71. Snakeweed, so named from its sup-
posed virtue in curing the bite of serpents.
AD-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of being added.
AD'DI-BLE, a. That may be added. Locke.
tAD'DTCE. See Adz.
AD-DICT', a. Addicted. [J^Tot much used.]
AD-DieT', V. t. [L. addico.] To apply one's self habitual-
ly ; to devote time and attention by customary or constant
practice ; sometimes in a good sense, but more usually in a
bad one
AD-DI€T'ED, pp. Devoted by customary practice
AD-DI€TED-NESS, n. The quality or state of being ed
dieted.
AD-DI€T'ING, ppr. Devoting time and attention ; prac-
ticing customarily.
AD-DI€'TION, n. 1. The act of devoting or giving up in
practice ; the state of being devoted. 2. Among the Ro-
mans, a making over goods to another by sale or legal
sentence ; also an assignment of debtors in service to
their creditors.
ADD'ING, ppr. Joining j putting together ; increasing.
AD-DIT'A-MENT, n. [L. additamentum.] An addition, or
rather the thing added, as furniture in a house ; any ma-
terial mixed with the principal ingredient in a compound
[Little used ]
AD-Dl"TlON, n. [L. additio.] 1. The act of adding, op-
posed to subtraction or diminution. 2. Any thing added,
whether material or immaterial. — 3. In arithmetic, the
uniting of two or more numbers in one sum. — 4. In Zaw,
a title annexed to a man's name, to show his rank, occu-
pation, or place of residence. — 5. In music, a dot at the
side of a note, to lengthen its sound one half. — 6. In her-
aldry, something added to a coat of arms, as a mark ot
honor. — 7. In distilling, any thing added to the wash or
liquor in a state of fermentation.— ^. In popular language,
an advantage, ornament, improvement.
AD-Di"TION-AL, a. That is added. It is used by Bacon
for addition ; but improperly.
AD-Dl"TION-AL-LY, adv. By way of addition.
t AD-DI"TION-A-RY, a. That may be added.
ADD'I-TlVE, a. That may be added.
ADD'I-TO-RY, a. That adds, or may add.
AD'DLE, a. [W. hadyl.] In a morbid state ; putrid ; appli-
ed to eggs. Hence, barren, producing nothing. Dryden.
AD'DLED, a. Morbid, corrupt, putrid, or barren.
AD'DLE-HEAD-ED, ^ „ • . x. •
AD'DLE-PA-TED, \ ^' ^^^vrng empty brams.
ADD'LINGS, n. plu. Earnings ; wages received for work
Cheshire, Eng.
AD-D05M', V. t. See Doom. To adjudge.
AD-DORS'ED, a. In heraldry, having the backs turned to
each other, as beasts.
AL-DRESS', V. t. [Ft. adresser.] 1. To prepare ; to make
suitable dispositions for. 2. To direct words or discourse ;
to apply to by words. 3. To direct in writing, as a letter ;
or to direct and transmit. 4. To present an address, as a
letter of thanks or congratulation, a petition, or a testimo-
ny of respect. 5. To court or make suit as a lover. — 6. In
commerce, to consign or intrust to the care of another, as
agent or factor.
AD-DRESS', n. 1. A speaking to ; verbal application ; a
formal manner of speech. 2. A written or formal appli-
cation ; a message of respect, congratulation, thanks, pe-
tition, &c. ; as, an address of thanks. 3. Manner of speak
ing to another ; as, a man of pleasing address. 4. Court-
ship ; more generally in the plural, addresses. 5. Skill ;
dexterity ; skilful management. 6. Direction of a letter
including the name, title, and place of residence of the
person for whom it is intended.
AD-DRESS'ED, (ad-dresf) pp. Spoken or applied to ; di-
rected ; courted ; consigned.
AD-DRESS'ER, n. One who addresses or petitions.
AD-DRESS ING, ppr. Speaking or applying to; directing,
courting ; consigning.
AD-DuCE', V. t. [L. adduco.] 1. To bring forward, present,
or offer. 2. To cite, name, or introduce.
AD-Du CED, (ad-duste') pp. Brought forward ; cited ; al-
ledged in argument.
AD-Du'CENT, a. Bringing forward, or together ; a word
applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part
towards another.
AD-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be adduced.
AD-Du'ClNG, ppr. Bringing forward ; citing in argument
AD-DU€'TION, n. The act of bringing forward.
AD-DU€'TlVE, a. That brings forward.
AD-DU€'TOR, n. [L.] A muscle which draws one part of
the body towards another.
fAD-DULCE', (ad-dulsO v. t. [L. ad and dulcis.] To
sweeten. Bacon.
AD'EB, n. An Egyptian weight of 210 okes. E-ncyc.
AD-E-LAN-TA'DO, n. [Spanish.] A governor of a prov-
ince ; a lieutenant governor.
AD'E-LING, n. A title of honor, given by our Saxon ances
tors to the children of princes, and to young nobles. It is
composed of adel, or rather cBthel, the Teutonic term for
noble, illustrious, and ling, young, posterity.
AD'E-LITE, n. Adelites or Almoganens, in Spain, were
conjurers, who predicted fortunes.
A-DEMP'TION, n. [L. adimo.] In the civil law, the revoca-
tion of a grant, donation, or the like.
AD-E-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aSrjv and ypa^w.J That part
of anatomy which treats of the glands.
AD'E-NOID, a. [Gr. aSnv and eiSog.] In the form of a
gland ; glandiform ; glandulous.
* See »ynopsi<>. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.-FAn, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;-PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;- j Obsolete
ADJ
18
ABJ
AD-E-NO-L0Gr'I-€!AL, a. Pertaining to tlie doctrine of the
glands.
AD-E-N0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. a^vv and Xoyo^.l In anatomy,
the doctsne of tie glands, their nature, and their uses.
AD E-NOS, 71. A species of cotton, from Aleppo, called also
marine cotton.
A-DEPT , 71. [L. adeptus.] One fuUy skiUed or well versed
in any art.
A-DEPT , a. Well skilled ; completely versed or acquainted
with. Boyle.
\ A-DEP'TION, 71. [L. adeptio.] An obtaining ; acquire-
ment. Bacon.
AD'E-aUA-CY, n. [L. adcequatus.] The state or quality of
being equal to, proportionate, or sufficient ; a sufficiency
for a partictilar purpose. War in Disguise.
AD'E-Q.UATE. a. Equal ; proportionate ; correspondent
to ; fully sufficient.
t AD'E-aUATE, V. t. To resemble exactly. Shelford.
AD'£-aUATE-LY, adv. In an adequate manner ; in exact
proportion ; in a degree equal to the object.
AD'E-aUATE-NESS, n. The state of bemg adequate ; just-
ness of proportion or representation.
t AD-E-aUA'TION, n. Adequateness. Bp. Barlow.
t AD-ES-POT'I€, a. Not absolute ; not despotic.
AD-ES-SE-Na'RI-ANS, n. [L. adesse.] In church history,
a sect who hold the real presence of Christ's body in the
eucharist, but not by transubstantiation.
AD-FE€T'ED, a. In algebra, compounded ; consisting of
different powers of the unknown quautity. Bailey.
AD-FIL'I-A-TED, ffl. Adopted as a son . See Affiliate.
AD-FIL-I-A'TION. n. fL. ad and Jiliiis.] A Gothic custom,
by which the children of a former marriage are put upon
the same footing with those of a succeeding one.
AD-HkRE', v. i. [L. adhmreo-l 1. To stick to, as glutinous
substances, or by natural growth. 2. To be joined, or
held in contact ; to cleave to. 3. Figiuratively, to hold
to, be attached, or remain fixed, either by personal union
or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion. 4. To be
consistent ; to hold together as the parts of a system.
Shak.
AD-He'RENCE, n. 1. The quality or state of sticking or
adhering. 2. Figuratively, a being fixed in attachment ;
fidelhy ; steady attachment.
AD-He'REN-CY, 71. The same as adherence.
AD-He'RENT, a. Sticking, uniting, as glue or wax ; unit-
ed with.
AD-He'RENT, n. The person who adheres ; one who fol-
lows a leader, party, or profession ; a follower, or parti-
san ;_ a believer in a particular faith or church.
AD-He'RENT-LY, adv. In an adlierent manner.
AD-He'RER, n. One that adheres ; an adherent.
AD-He'SION, (ad-he'-zhun) n. [L. adhcesio.] 1. The act
or state of sticking, or being united and attached to. .Ad-
hesion is generally used in a literal, adherence in a met-
aphorical sense. 2. fkymetimes, figuratively, adherence,
union, or steady attachment •, opinion.
AD-He'SIVE, a. Sticky ; tenacious, as glutinous substan-
ces •,_apt or tending to adhere.
AD-He'S1VE-LY, adv. In an adhesive manner.
AD-He'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of sticking or adhering ;
stickiness ; tenacity.
AD-HIB'IT, V. t. [L. adhiheo.] To use, or apply. {Rarely
used.]
AD-HI-Bl"TION, 71. Application ; use.
AD'HIL, ?!. A star of the sixth magnitude.
AD-HOR-Ta'TION, 71. [L. adhartatio.] Advice.
AD-HORT'A-TO-RY, a. [L. adhortor.] Advisory ; con-
taining counsel or warning.
t AD-I-APHO-RA-CY, n. Indifference.
AD-I-APH O-RISTS, n. [Gr. a6iaq>opos.] Moderate Luther-
ans ; a name given, in the sixteenth century, to certain
men that followed Melancthon.
AD-I-APH'O-ROUS, a. Indifferent •, neutral.
t AD-I-APH'O-RY, n. Indifference ; neutralitv.
A-DIEui, (a-du ) adv. [Fr. d dieu, to God.] Farewell ; an
expression of kind wishes at Ine parting of friends.
A-DIEu , n. A farewell, or commendation to the care of
God.
AD-I-POC'E-RATE, v. t. To convert into adipocere.
AD-I-POC-E-Ra TION, n. The act or process of bemg
chansed into adipocere.
\D'I-PO-CERE, n [L. adeps and cera.] A soft, unctuous or
waxy substance.
AD'I-POSE, ) a. [L. adipos^is.l Fat ; as, the adipose mem-
AD'I-POUS, \ brane. ^ ■> ' '
AD'IT, n. [L. aditus.] An entrance or passage ; a term in
mining, used to denote the opening.
t AD-i"TlON, n. The act of going to another.
AD-Ja'CEN-CY, n. [L. adjaceo.] The state of lying close
or contiguous •, a bordering upon, or lying next to.
AD-Ja'CENT, a. Lying near, close, or contiguous 5 border-
ing upon.
AD-Ja'CENT, 71. That which is next to, or contiguous.
Locke. [Little used.]
AD-JE€T , V. t. [L. adjicio.] To add or put, as one thing
to another. Macknight.
AD-JE€'TI0N, n. Tiie act of adding, or thing added.
Brown. [Little used.]
AD-JE€-Ti"T10US, a. Added. Parkhurst.
AD'JE€^TlVE, 71. In grammar, a word used with a noun,
to express a quality of the thing named, or something at-
tributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or de-
scribe a thing, as distinct from something else. It is call-
ed also an attributive or attribute.
AD'JE€-TiVE-LY, adv. In the manner of an adjective ,
as, a word is used adjfctively.
AD-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. adjoindre.] To join or unite to ; to put
to, by placing m contact : to unite, by fastening together
with a joint, mortise, or knot. See Join.
AD- JOIN', V. i. To lie or be next to, or in contact ; to be
contiguous.
t AD-JOIN'ANI', a. Contiguous to. Carew.
AD-JOIN'ED, (ad-joind') pp. Joined to j united
AD-JOIN'ING, fipr. Joining to ; adjacent ; contiguous.
AD-JOURN', (ad-jurn') v. t. [Fr. ajourner.] Literally, to
put off, or defer to another day ; but now used to denote
a formal intermission of business, a putting off to any fu-
ture meeting of the same body, and appropriately used of
public bodies, or private commissioners, intrusted with
business.
AD-J6URN', v. i. To suspend business for a time ; as from
one day to another, or for a longer period.
AD-JOQRN'ED, (ad-jurnd') pp. 1. Put off, delayed, or de-
ferred for a limited time. 2. As an adjective, existing or
held by adjournment.
AD-J6URN'ING, ppr. Deferring ; suspending for a time •
closing a session.
AD-J6URN'MENT, 71. 1. The act of adjourning. 2. The
putting off till another day or time specified, or icithout
day. 3. The time or interval during which a public body
defers business ; as, during an adjournment. But a sus-
pension of business, between the forming of a house and
an adjournment for refreshment, is called a recess. In
Great Britain, the close of a session of parliament is called
a prorogation ; as the close of a parliament is a dissolu-
tion.
AD-JUDGE', V. t. [Fr. adjuger.] To decide, or determine,
in the case of a controverted question ; to decree by a ju-
dicial opinion.
AD-JUDG'ED, (ad-judjd') pp. Detennined by judicial opin-
ion ; decreed ; sentenced.
AD-JUD6'ING, ppr. Determining by judicial opinion j sen-
tencing.
AD-JUDG'MENT, n. The act of judging ; sentence.
AD-JtJ'DI-€ATE, v. t. [L. adjudico.] To adjudge ; to try
and determine, as a court.
AD-Ju'DI-€ATE, v. i. To try and determine judicially.
AD-Ju'DI-€A-TED, ;)p. Adjudged ; tried and decided.
AD-Ju DI-CA-TING, pjrr. Adjudging ; trying and deter-
mining.
AD-JU-DI-€a TION, n. 1. The act of adjudging ; the act
or process of trying and determining judicially. 2. A ju-
dicial sentence ; judgment or decision of a court.
t AD JU-GATE, V. t. To yoke to.
t AD'JU-MENT, n. [L. adjumentum.] Help ; support.
AD'JUNOT, 7!. [L. adjunctus.] 1. Something added to an-
other, but not essentially a part of it. — 2. In metaphysics,
a quality of the body or the mind, whether natural or ac-
quired. — 3. In grammar, words added to illustrate or am-
plify the force of other words. Adjunct has been used for
a colleague, but rarely. TVotton.
AD'JUNOT, a. Added to or united with ; as, an adjunct
professor.
AD-JUN€'TION, n. The act of joining ; the thing joined.
AD-JUN€'TIVE, a. Joining ; having the quality of joining
AD-JUNO TIVE, n. That which is joined.
AD-JUN€'TIVE-LY, adv. In an adjunctive manner.
AD-JUNCT'LY, adv. In connection with ; consequently.
AD-JU-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The act of adjuring ; a solemn
charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2.
The_ form of oath. Addison.
AD-JuRE', V. t. [L. adjuro.] 1. To charge, bind, or com-
mand on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. To
charge earnestly and solemnly, on pain of God's wrath.
3. To conjure ; to charge, urge, or summon with solem-
nity_. Miltun.
AD-JuR'ED, (ad-jurd') pp. Charged on oath, or with a de-
nunciation of God's wrath ; solemnly urged.
AD-JuR'ER, 71. One that adjures ; one that exacts an oath.
AD-JuR'ING, ppr. Charging on oath, or on the penalty of a
curse ; beseeching with solemnity.
AD-JUST', V. t. [Sp. ajustar.] I. To make exact ; to fit 5
to make correspondent, or conformab.e. Swift 2. To
put in order ; to regulate or reduce to system. 3. To
make accurate ; to settle or bring to a satisfactory state,
so that parties are agreed in the result.
AD-JUST'ED, -pp. Made exact or conformable ; reduced to
a right form or standard ; settled.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— B^LL, eNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z } CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
ADM
14
ADM
AD-IUST'ER, n. A person who adjusts ; that which regu-
lates.
AD-JUST'ING, ppr. Reducing to due form ; fitting ; mak-
ing exact or correspondent •, settling.
AD-J(JST'ME.\T, Ti. The act of adjusting-, regulation ; a
ri;Jucing to just form or order ; a making fi„ or conforma-
ble ; settlement.
.A.D'JU-TAN-CY, tj. The office of an adjutant ; skilful ar-
rangement. Burke.
AD'Jlf-TANT, 71. [L. adjutans.] In military affairs, an of-
ficer whose business is to assist the major by receiving
and com inunlcauiig orders. — Adjutant-general, in an ar-
my, is-t{ t chief adjutant.
t AJWuTE', v.t.To help. B. Jonson.
AD-Ju'TOR, 71 A h ^per. [Little usedA
t AD'JU-TO-RY, a. Helping.
t AD-JU'TRIX, 71. «he who helps.
* AD-Ju'VANT, a. Helping ; assisting. Howell.
* AD-JCJ'VANT, 71. An assistant.
*AD JU VATE, V. t. To help.
AD-LE-Ga TION, 71. [L. ad and legatio.] In the public law
of tlie Qerman emvire, a right claimed, by the states, of
joining their own ministers with those of the emperor, in
public treaties.
AD-L0-€U'T10N, n. See Allocution.
AD-MEAS'URE, (ad-mezh'ur) v. t. 1. To measure or as-
certain dimensions, size, or capacity ; used for measure.
2. To apportion ; to assign to each claimant his right.
AD-MEAS'URED, (ad-mezh'urd) pp. Measured ; appor-
tioned.
AD-MEAS'URE-MENT, 71. 1. The measuring of dimen-
sions bv a rule. 2. The measure of a thing, or dimen-
sions ascertained. 3. The adjustment of proportion, or
ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in
common. Blackstone.
AD-MEAS'UR-ER, 71. One that admeasures.
AD-MEAS'UR-I_NG, p;??-. Measuring; apportioning.
AD-MEN-SU-Ra'TION is equivalent to admeasurement,
but not much used.
ti* J-Me'TI-ATE, v. t. To measure.
f aD-MIN'I-€LE, 71. [L. adminiculum.] Help; support.
AD-MI-Nie'U-LAR, a. Supplying help ; helpful.
AD-MIN'IS-TER, v. t. [L. administro.] 1. To act as min-
ister or chief agent, in managing public affairs, under
laws or a constitution of government, as a king, presi-
dent, or other supreme officer. 2. To dispense ; as, to
administer justice or the sacrament. .3. To afford, give,
or furnish ; as, to administer relief. 4. To give, as an
oath ; to cause to swear according to law.
AD-MINaS-TER, v._ i. 1. To contribute ; to bring aid or
supplies ; to add something. 2. To perform the office of
administrator.
AD-MIN'iS-TERED, pp. Executed ; managed ; governed;
afforded ; given ; dispensed.
AD-xMIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to administration, or
to the executive part of government.
AD-MIN'IS-TER-ING, ppr. Executing; carrying into ef-
fect ; giving ; dispensing.
AD-MIN'IS-TRA-RLE, a. Capable of administration.
AD-MIN'fS-TRATE, in the place of administer, has been
used, but is not well authorized.
AJD-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, 77. 1. The act of administering ;
direction ; management ; government of public affairs ;
the conducting of any office or employment. 2. Tlie ex-
ecutive part of government, consistmg in the exercise of
the constitutional and legal powers, the general superin-
tendence of naticma-i affairs, and the enforcement of laws.
3. The persons, collectively, who are intrusted with the
execution of laws, and the superintendence of public af-
fairs. 4. Dispensation ; distribution ; exhibition ; as, the
administration of justice. 5. The management of the
estate of an intestate person, under a commission from the
prooer authority. 6. The power, office, or commission of
an administrator. Blackstone.
AD-MIN'IS-TRA-TIVE, a. That administers, or by which
one administers.
AD-MI^MS-TRA'TOR, n. 1. A man who, by virtue of a
commission from the proper authority, has the charge of
the goods and estate of one dying without a will. 2. One
who administers, or who directs, manages, distributes, or
dispenses laws and rites. — 3. In Scots law, a tutor, cura-
tor, or guardian.
AD-jMIN-IS-TRa'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of an adminis-
trator.
AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TRIX, n. A female who administers upon
the estate of an intestate ; also a female who administers
government.
AH-MI-RA-BTL'I-TY, n. The quality of being admirable.
ALKAII-RA-BLE, a. [L. admirabiUs.] To be admired ; wor-
thy of admiration ; having qualities to excite wonder,
with approbation, esteem, or reverence ; used of persons
or things.
AD'MI-RA-RLE-NESS, v. The quality of being admirable ;
the power of exciting admiration.
AD'MI-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder,
mingled with approbation, esteem, or veneration.
AD'MI-RAL, n. [in the Latin of the middle ages, amira^
aniiras, admiralis.] A marine commander-in-chief; the
commander of a fleet or navy. 1. The lord high admiral,
in Great Britain, is an officer who superintends all mari-
time affairs, and has the government of the navy. 2
The admiral of the fleet, the highest officer under the ad-
miralty. 3. The vice admiral is an officer next in rank
and command to the admiral. 4. The rear admiral is
next in rank to the vice admiral. 5. The commander of
any single fleet, or, in general, any flag officer. 6 The
ship which carries the admiral ; also, the most considera-
ble ship of a fleet. — 7. In zoology, a species of shell-Ssh
AD'MI-RAL-SHIP, n. The office or power of an admiral.
[Little u^ed.]
AD'Ml-RAL-TY, n. In Great Britain, the office of lord high
adrakal. This office is discharged by one person, or by
commissioners, called lords of the admiralty. The admi-
ralty court, or court of admiralty, is the supreme court for
the trial of maritime causes. In general, a court of admi-
ralty is a court for the trial of causes arising on the high
seas, as prize-causes and the like.
AD-MI-Ra'TION, 77. Wonder mingled with pleasing emo-
tions, as approbation, esteem, love, or veneration ; a com-
pound emotion excited by something novel, rare, great, or
Gxccllcnt, JDvydsiit
t AD-MI'RA-TlVE, n. A note of admiration, thus, !
AD-MiRE', V. t. [L. admirer.] 1. To regard with wonder
or surprise, mingled with approbation, esteem, reverence,
or affection. 2. To regard with affection ; a familiar term
for to love greatly.
AD- MIRE', V. i. To wonder ; to be affected with slight sur
prise. Ray.
AJD-MIR'ED, (ad-mird') pp. Regarded with wonder, min
gledwith pleasurable sensations.
AD-MlR'ER, 71. One who admires ; one who esteems or
loves greatly.
AD-MlR'ING, ppr. Regarding with wonder, united with
love or esteem.
AD-MTR'ING-LY, adv. With admiration ; in the manner of
an admirer
AD-MISS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being admissible.
Chase.
AD-MISS'I-BLE, a. That may be admitted, allowed, or
conceded.
AD-MISS'lON, n. [L. admissio."] 1. The act or practice of
admitting ; the state of being admitted. 2. Admittance ;
power or permission to enter ; entrance ; access ; power
to approach. 3. Allowance ; grant of an argument or
position not fully proved.
AD-MIT', V. t. [h. admitto.] 1. To suffer to enter; to
grant entrance ; whether into a place, or an office, or
into the mind, or consideration. 2. To give right of en-
trance. 3. To allow ; to receive as true. 4. To permit,
grant, or allow, or to be capable of.
AD-MIT'TA-BLE, a. That may be admitted or allowed.
AD-MIT'TANCE, n. 1. The act of admitting ; allowance.
2. Permission to enter ; the power or right of entrance ,
actual entrance. 3. Concession ; admission ; allowance.
[JVot used.] 4. Shakspeare uses the word for the custom
or prerogative of being admitted.
AD-MIT'TED, pp. Permitted to enter or approach ; allow-
ed ; granted ; conceded.
AD-MIT'TER, 7i. He that admits.
AD-MIT'TING, ppr. Permitting to enter or approach ; al-
lowing; conceding.
AD-M£X', V. t. To mingle with something else. See Mix
AD-MIX'TION, (ad-mix'chun) ?i. [L. admixtio.] A min
gling of bodies; a union by mixing different substances
together.
AD-M1XT'URE,77. The substance mingled with another;
sometimes the act of mixture.
AD-MON'ISH, V. t. [L. admoneo.] 1. To warn of a fault;
to reprove with mildness. 2. To counsel against wrong
practices ; to caution or advise. 3. To instruct or direct.
AD-MON'ISHED, pp. Reproved ; advised ; warned ; in
structed.
AD-MON'ISH-ER, n. One who reproves or counsels.
AD-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Reproving ; warning ; counsel
ing ; directing.
AD-MON ISh-MENT, n. Admonition. Shak.
AD-MO-NI"TION, 77. Gentle reproof ; counseling against a
fault ; instruction in duties ; caution ; direction.
AJ)-MO-Nl"TION-ER, n. A dispenser of admonitions
Hooker.
AD-MON 'I-TiVE, a. Containing admonition. Barrow.
AD-MON'[-TOR, 77. An admonisher, a monitor.
AD-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Containing admonition : that admon
ishes.
AD-MOR-TI-Za'TION, 77. The reducing of lands or tene
ments to mortmain.
AD-MoVE , V. t. [L. admoveo.] To move to ; to bring one
thing to another. [Little tised.] Brown.
* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long —FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f ObsoleU
ADO
15
ADU
f AD-MUR-MU-RA'TION, n. The act of murmuring to an-
other.
AD-NAS'CENT, a. Growing on something else. Evelyn.
AD-Na'TA, n. [L. ad and natus.] 1. In anatomy, one of
the coats of the eye. 2. Such parts of animal or vegeta-
ble bodies as are usual and natural. 3. Offsets of plants,
germinating under ground.
AD'NATE, a. [L. ad and natus.] In batany, pressing close
to the stem, or growing to it.
AD'NOUN, 71. In grammar, an adjective, or attribute.
[Little used.]
A-Do', n. [qu. a and do ] Bustle ; trouble ; labor ; diffi-
cultv ; as, to make a great ado about trifles.
AD-0-LES'CENCE, n. [L. adolescens.} The state of grow-
ing, applied to the young of the human race ; youth, or
the period of life between childhood and manhood.
AD-0-LES'CENT, a. Growing ; advancing from childhood
to manhood.
AD-0-Nk'AN, a. Pertaining to Adonis. Faher.
A-Do'NI-A, 71. Festivals celebrated anciently in honor of
Adonis, by females.
A-DON'ie, a. Adonic verse, a short verse, in which the
death of Adonis was bewailed.
A-DON'I€, 71. An Adonic verse.
A-Do'NIS, n. In mythology, the favorite of Venus, said to
bejhe son of Cinyras, kmg of Cyprus.
A-Do'NIS. In botany, bird's eye or pheasant's eye.
A-Do'NISTS, n. Among critics, a sect or party who main-
tain that the Hebrew points ordinarily annexed to the
consonants of the word Jehovah, are not the natural
points belonging to that word, and that they do not ex-
press the true pronunciation of it.
t A-DOORS', (a-dorz ) adv. At doors ; at the door.
A-DOPT', v. t. [L. adopto.] 1. To take a stranger into
one's family, as son and heir ; to take one who is not a
child, and treat him as one. 2. To take or receive, as
one's own, that which is not natuially so. 3. To select
and take.
A-DOPT'ED, pp. Taken as one's own ; received as son
and heir ; selected for use.
A-DOPT'ED-LY, adv. In the manner of something adopted.
A-DOPT'ER, 71. One who adopts.
ADOPT'ING, ppr. Taking a stranger as a son ; taking as
one's own.
A-DOP'TION, n. [L. adoptio.] 1. The act of adopting, or
the state of being adopted ; the taking and treating of a
stranger as one's own child. 2. The receiving as one's
own what is new or not natural.
A-DOPT'IVE, a. [L. adoptivus.] That adopts ; as, an
adoptive father ; or that is adopted ; as, an adoptive son.
A-DOPT'lVE, 71. A person or thing adopted.
A-Do'RA-BLE, a. That ought to be adored; worthy of di-
vine honors.
A-Do'RA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being adorable,
or worthy of adoration.
A-Do'RA-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of adoration.
AD-O-Ra'TIDN, n. 1. The act of paying honors to a divine
being ; the worship paid to God ; the act of addressing
as a god. 2. Homage paid to one in high esteem ; pro-
found reverence.
A-DoRE', V. t. [L. adoro.] 1. To worship with profound
reverence ; to pay divine honors to ; to honor as a god,
or as divine. Dryden. 2. To love in the highest degree ;
to regard with the utmost esteem, affection and respect.
Toiler.
A-DoR'ED, (a-dord') pp. Worshipped as divine ; highly
reverenced ; greatly beloved.
t A-DoRE'MENT, n. Adoration. Brown.
A-DoR'ER, 71. One who worships or honors as divine ; in
popular language, an admiring lover.
A-DoR'ING, ppr. or a. Honoring or addressing as divine ;
regarding with great love or reverence.
A-DORN', V. t. [L. adorno.] 1. To deck or decorate ; to
make beautiful ; to add to beauty by dress ; to deck with
external ornaments. 2. To set off to advantage ; to add
ornaments to ; to embellish by any thing external or
adventitious. 3. To make pleasing, or more pleasing.
4. To display the beauty or excellence of.
t A-DORN', n. Ornament. Spenser.
t A-DORN', a. Adorned ; decorated. Milton.
A-DORN'ED, (a-domd') pp. Decked ; decorated ; embel-
lished.
A-DORN'ING, ppr. Ornamenting ; decorating ; displaying
beauty.
A-DORN'ING, 71. Ornament ; decoration.
fA-DORN'MENT.Ti. Ornament. Raleigh.
AD-OS-€U-La'TION, n. [L. ad and osculatio.] The im-
pregnation of plants by the falling of the farina on the
pistils ; the inserting of one part of a plant into another.
Crabbe.
A-DOS'SED, a. [Fr. adossie.] In heraldry, placed back to
back.
A-DOWN', prep, [a and down.] From a higher to a lower
situation ; downwards ; implying descent.
A-DOWN', adv. Down 5 on the ground ; at the bottom.
t A-DREAD', (a-dred') a. Affected by dread.
A-DRI-AT'I€, a. [L. Adria, or Hadria.] Pertaining to tne
gulf, called, from Venice, the Venetian Gulf.
A-DRI-AT'1€, 71. The Venetian Gulf.
A-DRIFT'j a. or adv. [Sax. adrifan.] Driven ; floating j
impelled or moving without direction.
AD-RO-GAfTION, n. [L. ad and rogo.] A species of adop-
tion in ancient Rome.
A-DROIT', a. [Fr.] Dextrous •, skilful 5 active in the use of
the hands, and, figuratively, ^ji the exercise of the menial
faculties ; ingenious ; ready in invention or execution.
A-DROIT'LY, adv. With dexterity ; in a ready, skilful
manner. Chesterfield.
A-DROIT'NESS, n. Dexterity ; readiness in the use of the
lin^bs, or of the mental faculties. Home.
A-DRY' a. [Sax. adrigan.] Thirsty, in want of drink.
AD-SCI-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. ascititius.] Added ; taken as
supplemental ; additional •, not requisite.
AD-STRI€'TION, n. [L. adstrictio.] A binding fast ; co»-
tiveness ; a closeness of the emunctories.
AD-STRI€'TO-RY, > g Astringent
AD-STRING'ENT. ^^^ astringlnt.
AD-U-LA'RI-A, n. A mineral deemed the most perfect va-
riety of felspar. Cleaveland,
AD-U-La'TION, 71. [L. adulatio.] Servile flattery ; praise
in excess ; high compliment. Shak.
AD'U-LA-TOR, n. A flatterer ; one who offers praise ser-
vilely.
AD'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Flattering ; containing excessive
praise or compliments ; servilely praising.
AD'U-LA-TRESS, n. A female that flatters with servility.
A-DULT', a. [L. adultus.] Having arrived at mature years,
or to full size and strength.
A-DULT', n. A person grown to full size and strength, or
to the years of manhood.
t AD'ULT-ED, ;)art. a. Completely grown.
A-DUL'TER-ANT, n. The person or thing that adulterates.
A-DUL'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. adulter 0.] To corrupt, debase,
or make impure, by an admixture of baser materials. Boyle.
t A-DUL'TER-ATE, v.i. To commit adultery.
A-DUL'TER-ATE, a. Tainted with adultery ; debased by
foreign mixture.
A-DUL'TER-A-TED, pp. Corrupted ; debased by a mix-
ture with something of less value.
A-DUL'TER-ATE-LY, adv. In an adulterate manner.
A-DUL'TER-ATE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being
debased or counterfeit.
A-DUL'TER-A-TING, ppr. Debasing ; corrupting ; coun-
terfeiting.
A-DUL-TER-a'TION, n. The act of adulterating, or the
state of being adulterated ; coirupted or debased by for-
eign admixture.
A-DUL'TER-ER, n. [L. adulter.] 1. A man guilty of adul-
tery ; a man who has sexual commerce with any married
woman, except his wife. — 2. In Scripture.^ an idolater.
Ezek. xxiii. 3. An apostate from the true faith •, a very
wicked person. Jer. ix. 4. One devoted to earthly things.
James, iv.
A-DUL'TER-ESS, n. A married woman guilty of inconti-
nCTlCG
A-DUL'TER-INE, a. Proceeding from adulterous com-
merce ; spurious. Hall.
A-DUL'TER-INE, n. In the civil law, a child issumg
from an adulterous connection.
t A-DUL'TER-IZE, v. t. To commit adultery.
A-DUL'TER-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of adultery ; pertaining
to adultery.— 2. In Scripture, idolatrous, very wicked.
Mat. xii.
A-DUL'TER-OUS-LY, adv. In an adulterous manner.
A-DUIi'TER-Y, n. [L. adulterium.] I. Violation of the
marriage bed ; the unfaithfulness of any married person
to the marriage bed. — 2. In a scriptural sense, all manner
of lewdness or un chastity, as in the seventh command-
ment, — 3. In Scripture, idolatry, or apostasy from the true
God. Jer. in.
A-DULT NESS, n. The state of being adult.
AD-UM'BRANT, a. Giving a faint shadow, or slight re-
AD-UM'BRATE, v. t. [L. adumbro.] To give a faint shad-
ow, or slight likeness.
AD UM-BRa'TION, 71. 1. The act of making a shadow or
faint resemblance. 2. A faint sketch ; an imperfect rep-
resentation of a thing. Bacon. — 3. In heraldry, the shad-
ow only of a figure, outlined, and painted of a color
darker than the field.
t AD-U-Na'TION, n. The state of being united ; union.
Cranmer.
A-DUN'CI-TY, 71. [L. aduncitas.] Hookedness ; a bending
in form of a hook. Arbuthnot.
A-DUN'€OUS, a. [L. aduncus.] Hooked ; bent, or made in
the form of a hook. Bacon.
t A-DUNUUE', a. Hooked. Bacon.
t A-DuRE', v. t. [L. adtiro.] To burn tip.
«• Se-e Synopsis. MOVE, DpQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € aa K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
ADV
\DUST', a. [L. adustus.^ Burnt} scorched ; become dry
by heat : hot and fiery.
A-DUST'ED, a. Become hot and dry ; burnt ; scorched.
t A-DUST l-BLE, o. Tliat may be burnt up.
A-DIlS'i ION, n. The act of burning, scorching, or heat-
ing to dryness ; a state of being thus heated or dried.
\D- VANCE', V. t. [Fr. avancerA 1. To tring forward ;
to move further in front. 2. To promote ; to raise to a
liiglier rank. 3. To improve or make better, which is
considered as a progression, or moving forward. 4. To
forward ; to accelerate growth. 5. To offer or propose ;
to bring to view or notice. — 6. In commerce, to supply be-
forehand i to furnish on credit, or before goods are deliv-
ered, or work done. 7. To raise ; to enhance.
AD-VANCE', V. i. 1. To move or go forward ; to proceed.
2. To improve, or make progress ; to grow better, great-
er, wiser or older. 3. To rise in rank, office, or conse-
quence ; to be preferred, or promoted.
AD-VANCE', n. 1. A moving forward, or towards the
front. 2. Gradual progression ; improvement ; as, an ad-
vance in religion or knowledge. 3. Advancement ; pro-
motion ; preferment. 4. First hint by way of invita-
tion , first step towards an agreement.— 5. In trade,
additional price ; profit. 6. A giving beforehand •, a
furnishing of something, on contract, before an equiva-
lent is received. 7. A furnishing of money or goods for
others, in expectation of reimbursement ; or the property
so furnished. — In advance, in front ; before ; also before-
hand •, before an equivalent is received.
AD-VAN'CED, (ad-vansf) pp. Moved forward ; promoted ;
improved ; furnished beforehand ; situated in front, or
before the rest ; also, old, having reached the decline of
life.
AD-VANCE'MENT, n. 1 . The act of moving forward or pro-
ceeding, 2. The state of being advanced ; preferment ;
promotion, in rank or excellence ; the act of promot-
ing. 3. Settlement or. a wife, or jointure. 4. Provision
made by a parent for a child. 5. Money advanced.
AD-VaN'CER, 71. One who advances 5 a promoter.
AD-VAN'CING, ppr. Moving forward ; proceeding 5 pro-
moting ; raising to higher rank or excellence ; improv-
ing ; supplying beforehand, as on loan, or as stock in
trade.
AD-VAN'CIVE, a. Tending to advance, or promote.
AD-VAN'TAGE, n. [Fr. avantage.} I. Any state, condi-
tion, or circumstance, favorable to success, prosperity,
interest, or reputation. 2. Benefit ; gain 5 profit. 3.
Means to an end ; opportunity ; convenience for obtain-
ing benefit. 4. Favorable state or circumstances. 5.
Superiority, or prevalence over ; with of ox over. 6. Su-
periority, or that which gives it. 7. Interest ; increase ;
overplus. {Obs.]Shak. 8. Additional circumstance to give
preponderation.
AD-VAN'TAGE, v. t. 1. To benefit ; to yield profit or
gain. 2. To promote ; to advance the interest of.
AD-VAN'TA6E-A-BLE, a. Profitable ; convenient ; gain-
ful. [Little used.\
AD-VAN'TAGED, pp. Benefited ; promoted.
AD VAN'T AGE-GROUND, n. Ground that gives advan-
tage or superiority ; a state that gives superior advan-
tages for annoyance or resistance.
AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS, a. Being of advantage ; fui-nishing
convenience, or opportunity to gain benefit ; gainful ;
profitable ; useful •, beneficial.
AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS-LY, adv. In an advantageous man-
ner ; profitably ; useflilly ■, conveniently.
AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of be-
ing advantageous ; profitableness.
iLD-VAN'TA-G[NG,ppr. Profiting; benefitting.
\ AD-VEC-TlfTIOUS, a. Brought ; carried.
AD-VkNE', v. i. [L. advenic] To accede, or come to ; to
be added to. [Little used."]
A.D-Ve'NI-ENT, a. Advening ; coming from outward
causes.
AD'VENT, n. [L. adventus.']^ A coming ; appropriately, the
coming of our Savior, and m the calendar it includes four
Sabbaths before Christmas, beginning on St. Andrew's
Day, or on the Sabbath next before or after it, intended
as a season of devotion.
*AD-VENT'INE, a. Adventitious. Bacon.
AD-VEN Tf'TIOUS, a. [I., adventitius.] Added extrinsi-
cally ; accidental ; not essentially inherent ; casual ; for-
eign.
AD-VEN-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. Accidentally.
\D-VENT'IVE, a. Accidental ; adventitious.
AD-VENT'IVE, n. The thing or person that comes from
without. [Little used.] Bacon.
AD-VENT'U-AL, a. Relating to the season of advent.
AD-VENT'URE 71. [Fr. aventure.] 1. Hazard ; risk ;
chance ; that of which one has no direction. 2. An en-
terprise of hazard ; a bold undertaking. 3. That which
is put to hazard.
AD-VENT'URE, v. t. To risk, or hazard ; to put in the
power of unforeseen events.
16 ADV
AD-VENT'URE, v. i. To dare ; to try the chance.
AD-VENT'URED, pp. Put to hazard ; ventured ; risked.
AD-VENT'UR ER, n. 1. One who hazards, or puts some,
t'hing at risk. 2. One who seeks occasions of chance
or attempts extraordinary enterprises.
AD-VENT'URE-SOME, a. Bold ; daring ; incurring haz-
ard.
AD-VENT'URE-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of being
bold and venturesome.
AD-VENT'UR-ING, ppr. Putting to risk ; hazarding.
AD-VENT'UR-OUS, a. [Fr. aventureux.] 1. Inclined or
willing to incur hazard ; bold to encounter danger ; dar-
ing ; courageous ; enterprising. 2. Full of hazard ; at-
tended with risk ; exposing to danger : requiring courage.
AD-VENT'UR-OUS-LY, adv. Boldly ; d.aringly ; in a man-
ner to incur hazard.
AD-VENT'UR-OUS-NESS, n. The act or quality of being
adventurous.
AD'VERB, 71. [L. adverbium.] In grammar, a word used
to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective or at-
tribute, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well,
AD-VERB'I-AL, a. Pertaining to an adverb.
AD-VERB'I-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an adverb.
t AD-VERS^A-BLE, a. Contrary to ; opposite to.
AD-VER-Sa'RI-A, 71. [L. from adversus.] Among the an-
cients, a book of accounts. A common-place book.
AD'VER-SA-RY, ?i. 1. An enemy or foe ; one who has en-
mity at heart. 2. An opponent or antagonist, as in a suit
at law, or in single combat ; an opposing litigant.
AD'VER-SA-RY, a. Opposed ; opposite to ; adverse.
AD-VERS'A-TiVE, a. Noting some difference, contrarie-
ty, or opposition.
AD-VERS'A-TiVE, n. A word denoting contrariety or
opposition.
AD'VERSE, a. [L. adversus.] 1. Opposite ; opposing ; act-
ing in a contrary direction ; conflicting •, counteracting
2. Figuratively, opposing desire ; contrary to the wishes,
or to supposed good ; hence, unfortunate ; calamitous ,
afflictive ; pernicious ; unprosperous.
t AD-VERSE', (ad-vers') v. t. To oppose. Oower.
AD'VERSE-LY, adv. In an adverse manner ; oppositely ,
unfortunately : unprosperously ; in a manner contrary to
desire or success.
AD'VERSE-NESS, n. Opposition ; unprosperousness.
AD-VERS'I-TY, n. An event, or series of events, which
oppose success or desire ; mbifortune ; calamity ; afflio-
tion ; distress ; state of unhappiness.
AD-VERT', V. i. [L. adverto.] To turn the mind or atten-
tion to ; to regard, observe, or notice ; with to.
t AD-VERT', V. t. To regard ; to advise.
AD-VERT'ED, pp. Attended to ; regarded ; with to.
AD-VERT'ENCE, ) n. A direction of the mind to ; atten-
AD-YERT'EN-CY, \ tion ; notice ; regard ; considera-
tion ; Iieedfulness.
AD-VERT'ENT, a. Attentive ; heedful.
AD-VERT'ING, ppr. Attending to; regarding; observing.
AD-VER-TlSE', 7;. t. [Fr. avertir.] 1. To inform ; to give
notice, advice or intelligence to, whether of a past or
present event, or of something future. 2. To publish a
notice of; to publish a written or printed account of.
AD-VER-TlS'ED, (ad-ver-tizd') pp. Informed ; warned ;
used of persons .- published ; made known ; used of things-
* AD-VER'TlSE-MENT, n. Information ; admonition ;
notice given. More generally, a publication intended to
give notice.
AD-VER-TiS'ER, n. One who advertises.— This title is
often given to public prints.
AD-VER-TiS'ING, ppr. J. Informing; giving notice;
publishing notice. 2. a. Furnishing advertisements ; as,
advertising customers.
AD- VICE', 71. [Fr. avis.] 1. Counsel ; an opinion recom-
mended, or offered, as worthy to be followed. 2. Pru
dence ; deliberate consideration. 3. Information ; notice ;
intcHigence.
AD-VlCE'-BOAT, n. A vessel employed to carry dis
patches or information.
t AD-VIG'I-LATE, v. t. To watch.
AD-Vl'SA-BLE, a. [See Advise.] 1. Proper to be advised ;
prudent ; expedient ; proper to be done or practiced
2. Open to advice. South.
AD-Vl'SA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being advisable
or expedient.
AD-VlSE', V. t. [Fr. aviser.] 1. To give counsel to ; to
offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed.
2, To give information ; to communicate notice ; to make
acquainted with.
AD- VISE', V. i. To deliberate, weigh well, or consider.
AD-VTS'ED, (ad-vizd') pp. 1. Informed ; counseled ; also,
cautious ; prudent ; acting with deliberation. 2. Done,
formed, or taken with advice or deliberation ; intended.
AD-VTS'ED-LY, adv. With deliberation or advice ; heed-
fully ; purposely ; by design.
AD-VTS'ED-NESS, n. Deliberate consideration ; prudent
procedure.
* See Synopsis. S, g, I, 0, XJ, % long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE. BIRD ;— t Obsolete
AER
17
AJbF
AD-VISE'MENT, n. 1. Counsel ; information ; circum-
spection. 2. Consultation. Mass. Reports.
AD-VIS'ER, n. One who gives advice or admonition ; also,
in a bad sense, one who instigates.
AD-VlS,'lNG,ppr. Giving counsel.
AD-VIS'ING, n. Advice ; counsel. Skak.
J AD-VI'SO, n. Advice ; consideration.
AD-VI'SO-RY, a. 1. Having power to advise. Madison. 2,
Containing advice.
AD'VO-€A-CY, n. The act of pleading for ; intercession.
Brown. 2. Judicial pleading ; law-suit. Chaucer.
AD'VO-€ATE, n. [L. advocatus.] 1. One who pleads the
cause of another before any tribunal or judicial court. 2.
One who defends, vindicates, or espouses a cause, by ar-
gument j one who is friendly to ; as, an advocate for peace.
— In Scripture, Chilst is called an .Advocate for his people.
— Faculty of advocates, in Scotland, is a society of emi-
nent lawyers, consisting of about 200, who practic-3 in the
highest courts. — Judge advocate, in courts martial , a per-
son who manages the prosecution.
AD'VO-€ATE, v. t. To plead in favor of ; to defend by ar-
gument, before a tribunal ; to support or vindicate. Mil-
ton. Mackenzie. Mitford.
AD' VO-€ A TED, pp. Defended by argument ; vindicated.
AD'VO-€A-T£SS, n. A female advocate.
AD' VO-C A-TING, ppr. Supporting by reasons ; defending -,
maintaining.
AD-V0-€a'T10N, n. A pleading for ; plea ; apology.
t AD-VO-Ea'TION, n. A flying to something.
t AD-VO-LU'TION, n. The act of rolling to something.
AD-VOU'TRER, n. An adulterer.
AD-VOU'TRESS, n. An adulteress. Bacon.
fAD-VOUTROUS, a. Adulterous.
AD-VOU'TRY, n. Adultery. \Little used.] Bacon.
AD-VOW-EE', n. 1. He that has the right of advowson.
3. The advocate of a church, or religious house.
AD-VOW'SON, n. [Norm, avoerie, or avoeson.] In English
law, a right of presentation to a vacant benefice ; or, a
right of nominating a person to officiate in a vacant church
Blackstone.
AD-VOY'ER, or A-VOY'ER, n. [old Fr. advoes.] A chief
magistrate of a town or canton in Switzerland.
A'DY, n. The ahanga, or Thernel's restorative ; a species
of palm-tree, in the West Indies.
ADZ, n. [Sax. adcse ; formerly written in Eng. addice.] An
iron instrument having an arching blade athwart the
handle.
i9il. A diphthong in the Latin language •, used also by the
Saxon writers. It answers to the Gr. ai. The Sax. w
has been changed into e or ea. In derivatives from the
learned languages, it is mostly superseded by e, and con-
venience seems to require it to be wholly rejected in an-
glicized words. For such words as may be found with
this initial combination, the reader will therefore search
under the letter E.
JED, cd, ead, syllables found in names from the Saxon, sig-
nify happy ; as, Eadric, happy kingdom ; Edward, pros-
perous watch. Oibson.
^'DlLE, n. [Lat.] In ancient Rome, an officer who had the
care of the public buildings, &c.
yE 61- LOPS, n. [Gr. atytXwi/'.] A tumor in the corner of
the eye, and a plant so called.
.^'GIS, n. [Gr. aiyig.] A shield, or defensive armor.
^G'LOGUE, (eg'-log) n. A pastoral.
^-6YP-TFA-€UM, n. An ointment.
Mh, al, alh, or eal, in Saxon, Eng, all, are seen in many
names ; as in .Mlfred, Alfred, all peace. Oibson.
MhF seems to be one form of help, but more generally
written elph, or ulph ; as in .Mlfwin, victorious aid. Oib-
son.
^'O-LIST, 71. [L. ^olus.] A pretender to inspiration.
A'E-RATE, V. t. To combine with carbonic acid, formerly
called fixed air.
A'E-RA-TED, pp. Combined with carbonic acid.
a'E-RA-TING, ppr. Combining with carbonic acid.
a-E-Ra'TION, n. The act or operation of combining with
carbonic acid.
A-E'RI-AL, a. [L. aerius.] 1. Belonging to the air or at-
mosphere. 2. Consisting of air 5 partaking of the nature
of air. 3. Produced by air. 4. Inhabiting, or frequent-
ing the air. 5. Placed in the air ; high •, lofty ; ele-
vated.
A-ic'RI-ANS, 71. In church history, a branch of Arians, so
c..lled from Aerius.
* A ERIE, 71. [W. cryr.] The ne^t of a fowl, as of an eagle
o hawk; a_covey of birds. Shak.
a-ER-1-FI-€a'TI0N, n. The act of combining air with ;
tho state of being filled with air 2 The act of becom-
ing air, or of changing into an aeriform state ; the state
of being aeriform. Fourcroy.
A'ER-I-FlED, pp. Having air infused, or combined with.-
A'ER-I-FORM, a [L. aer and forma.] Having the form
or nature of air, or of an elastic, invisible fluid.
a'ER-I-FY, v. t. To infuse air into ; to fill with air, or to
combine air with.
A-ER-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ari^ and yjja^w.] A description
of the air or atmosphere ; but aerology is chiefly used
A'ER-0-LlTE, n. [Gr. atj^ and \iBoi.] A stone falling from
the air, or atmospheric regions ; a meteoric stone.
A-ER-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to aerology.
A-EPt-OL'O-GlST, 71. One wlio is versed in aerology.
A-ER-OL'0-GY. n. [Gr. ar/p and \oyoi.] A description of
the air ; that branch of philosophy which treats of the air
A'ER-O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. ar?p and //avraa.] Divination by
means of the air and winds. {Little used.]
A-ER-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. arj^ and fxtT^ov.] An instmment
for weighing air, or for ascertaining the mean bulk of
gases.
A-ER-OM'E-TRY, n. The science of measuring the air ;
the art or science of ascertaining the mean bulk of the
gases.
A'ER-0-NAUT, n. [Gr. a>?p and vavrris.] One who sails or
floats in the air ; an aerial navigator. Burke.
A-ER-0-NAUT'I€, a. Sailing or floating in the air 5 per-
taining to aerial sailing.
A-ER-0-NAUT'I€S, n. The doctrine, science, or art of
sailing in the air by means of a balloon.
A'ER-O-NAUT-ISM, n. The practice of ascending and
floating in the atmosphere, in balloons. Journ. of Science.
A-ER-OS'€0-PY, 71. [Gr. arip and oKe-moiiai.] The observa-
tion of the air. [Little used.]
A'ER-0-STAT, 71. [Gr, an^ and oraroj,] A machine or ve&
_ sel sustaining weights in the air.
A-ER-OS-TAT'I€, a. Suspending in air ; pertaining to the
art of aerial navigation,
A-ER-GS-Ta'TION, ?(. 1. Aerial navigation ; the science
of raising, suspending, and guiding machines in the air.
_ Adams. 2. The science of weighing air.
a'ER-Y-LiGHT, in Milton, light as air ; used for dirv
light.
A-FaR', adv. [a and far.] 1. At a distance in place ; to
or from a distance. — 2. In Scripture, figuratively, esh'an-
ged m aflection ; alienated. 3. Absent j net assisting.
t A-FeARD^, a. [Sax. aferan.] Afraid ; affected with fear
_ or apprehension.
A FER, n. [L.] The south-west wind.
AF'FA, 71, A weight used on the Guinea coast.
AF-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being aff'able •, readi-
ness to converse ; civility and courteousness in receiving
others, and in conversation ; condescension in manners.
AF'FA-BLE, a. [L, affabilis.] 1, Easy of conversation ;
admitting others to free conversation without reserve ;
courteous ; complaisant ; of easy manners ; condescend-
ing ; usually applied to superiors, 2. Applied to external
appearance, affable denotes that combination of features,
which invites to conversation, and renders a person ac-
cessible ; opposed to a forbidding aspect ; mild ; benign ;
as, an affable countenance.
AF'FA-BLE-NESS, n. Affability.
AF'FA-BLY, adv. In an affable manner ; courteously ; in-
vitingly.
t AF'FA-BROUS, a. Skilfully made.
AF-FaIR', n. [Fr, affaire.] 1. Business of any kind ; that
which is done, or is to be done. In the plural, it denotes
transactions in general ; as, human affairs. 2. Matters ;
state ; condition of business or concerns. 3. In the sin-
gular, it is used for a private dispute or duel, or a partial
engagement of troops.
t AF-FAM'ISH, V. t. [Fr. affamir 1 To starve.
t AF-FAM'ISH-MENT, n. Starvation,
AF-FeAR'. See Affeer,
AF-FECT', V. t. [L. afflcio, affectum.] 1. To act upon ; to
produce an effect or change upon. 2. To act upon, or
move the passions. 3. To aim at ; aspire to ; desire or
entertain pretension to. 4. To tend to by natural affin-
ity or disposition. 5. To love, or regard with fondness.
6. To make a show of ; to attempt to imitate, in a man-
ner not natural ; to study the appearance of what is not
natural, or real.
AF-FE€-Ta'TION, n. [L. affectatio.] 1. An attempt to
assume or exhibit v/hat is not natural or real ; false pre-
tense ; artificial appearance, or show. 2. Fondness ; af-
fection. [JVot used.] Hooker.
AF-FE€T'ED, pp. 1. Impressed ; moved, or touched, either
in person or in interest ; having suffered some change by
external force, loss, danger, and the like. 2. Touched in
the feelings ; having the feelings excited. 3, Having the
passions moved.— 1. a. Inclined, or disposed ; followed
by to. 2. Given to false show ; assuming, or pretend-
ing to possess what is not natural or real. 3. Assumed
artificially ; not natural.
AF-FECT ED-LY, adv. In an affected manner ; hypocriti-
cally ; with more show than reality ; formally ; studious-
ly ; unnaturally. ^ . j <•
AF-FE€T'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being affected : af-
fectation.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE -.—BULL.UNITE
2* ■■
-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z , CH as SH ; TH as in this, f OSaolete
AFF
18 AFF
Ai -FiiCTilNG J ppr. 1. Impressing 5 having an effect on ;
touching the feelings ; moving the passions ; attempting
a false show ; greatly desiring ; aspiring to possess. — 2. a.
Having power to excite, or move the passions ; tending
to move the affections ; pathetic.
AF-FE€T'1NG-LY, adv. In an affecting manner; in a
manner to excite emotions.
AF-FEe'TION, 71. 1. The state of being affected. [Little
iLsed.] 2. Passion. 3. A bent of mind towards a par-
ticular object, holding a middle place between disposition,
which is natural, and passion, which is excited by the
presence of its exciting object. 4. A settled good will,
love, or zealous attachment ; as, the affection of a parent
for his child. 5. Desire ; inclination ; propensity, good or
evil. 6. An attribute, quality or property, which is in-
separable from its object; as, love, fear, and hope are
affections of the mind. — 7. Among physicians, a disease,
or any particular morbid state of the body ; as, a gouty
affection. — 8. In ■painting, a lively representation of pas-
sion,
AF-FE€'TI0N-ATE, a. [Fr. affcctionne.] 1. Having great
love, or affection ; fond. 2. Warm in affection ; zealous.
3. Proceeding from affection ; indicating love ; benevo-
lent ; tender.
AF-FEC'TION-ATE-LY, adv. With affection ; fondly ;
tenderly ; kindly. 1 Thes. ii.
AF-FECTION-ATE-NESS, 71. Fondness ; good will ; af-
fection.
AF-FE€'TK)NED, a. 1. Disposed ; having an affection
of heart. Rom. xii. 2. Affected ; conceited. [Obs.] Shak
t AF-FE€'TIOUS-LY, adv. In an affecting manner.
AF-FE€T'1VE, a. That affects, or excites emotion ; suited
to affect. [Little used.]
AF-FE€T'I VE-LY, adv. In an affective or impressive man-
ner.
AF-FE€T'OR, or AF-FE€T'ER, n. One that affect? ; one
that practices affectation.
t AF-FEeT'U-OUS, a. Full of passion. Leland
t AF-FE€-TU-OS'I-TY, n. Passionateness.
t AF-FEER', V. t. [Fr. affi.er.. To confirm.
AF-FEER', 1;. t. [Fr. afferer.] In law, to assess or reduce
an arbitrary penalty or amercement to a precise sum.
Blackstone.
AF-FEER'ED, (af-feerd') pp. Moderated in sum ; assessed ;
reduced to a certainty.
AF-FEER'MENT, n. The act of affeering.
AF-FEER'OR, ?i. One who affeers. Cowel.
AF-FET-TU-O'SO, or CON AFFETTO, [It.] h\ music, a.
direction to render notes soft and affecting,
AF-Fl'ANCE, n. [Norm, affiaunce.] 1. The marriage con-
tract or promise ; faith pledged. 2. Trust in general ;
confidence: reliance.
AF-Fl'ANCE, V. t. 1. To betroth , to pledge one's faith
or fidelity in marriage, or to promise marriage. 2. To
give confidence. Pope.
AF-Fl'ANCED, pp. Pledged in marriage ; betrothed ;
bound in faith.
AF-Fl'AN-CER, n. One who makes a contract of marriage
between parties.
AF-Fl'AN-CING, ppr. Pledging in marriage ; promising
fidelity,
t AF-FI-dI^uS, I "• ^"^"^^^ contract.
AFFIDa'VIT, 71. [an old law verb in the perfect tense ; he
made oath.] A declaration upon oath ; a declaration in
writing sworn to before a magistrate,
t AF-Fl'ED, (af-flde') a. or part. Joined by contract ; afii-
t AF-FILE', V. t. [Fr. affder.] To polish. Chaucer.
AF-FIL'I-ATE, ?;. t. [Fv. affilier.] 1. To adopt •, to receive
into a family as a son, 2. To receive into a society as a
member, and initiate jn its mysteries, plans, or intrigues —
a sense in which the word was much used in France, during
the revolution.
AF-FIL-I-A TION, n. Adoption ; association in the same
family or society.
AF'FI-NAGE, n. The refining of metals by coppel.
t AF-FlN'ED. (af-find) a Joined by affinity,
AF-FIN I-TY, 71. [L. affinitas.] 1. The relation contracted
by marriage, between a husband and his wife's kindred,
and between a wife and her husband's kindred ; in con-
tradistinction from consanguinity. 2. Agreement ; rela-
tion ; conformity ; resemblance ; connection.— 3. In chem-
istry, attraction ; elective attraction, or that tendency
which different species of matter have to unite, and com-
bine with certain other bodies, and the power that disposes
them to continue in combination.
AF-FtRM', v.t. [L, affrmo.] 1. To assert positively ; to
tell with confidence ; to aver ; to declare the existence of
something ; to maintain as true ; opposed to deny. 2. To
make firm ; to establish, confirm or ratify. [oath,
AF-FiRM', V. i. To declare solemnly ; to declare as under
AF-FiRM'A-BLE, a. That may be asserted or declared,
AF-FiRM' A-BLY, adv. In a way capable of affirmation.
AF-FiRM' ANCE, n. 1. Confirmation ; ratification. S
Declaration : affirmation. [Little used.]
AF-FIRM'ANT, n. One who affirms,
AF-FiRM- a'TION, n. 1, The act of affirming or asserting
as true. 2. That which is asserted ; position declared
as true ; averment. 3. Confirmation ; ratification ; an
establishing of Vv^hat had been before done or decreed. 4
A solemn declaration made under the penalties of per-
jury.
AF-FiRM'A-TiVE, a. 1. That affirms, or asserts ; declar
atory of what exists ; opposed to negative. 2. Confirm-
ative ; ratifying. — 3. In algebra, positive. 4. Positive •
dogmatic. \jObs.] Taylor.
AF-FiRM' A-TlVE, n. That side of a question which affirms
or maintains ; opposed to negative.
AF-FiRM' A-TlVE-LY, adv. In an affirmative manner ,
positively ; on the affirmative side of a question.
AF-FiRM ED, (af-furmd') pp. Declared ; asserted ; averred 5
confirmed •, ratified.
AF-FiRM'ER, n. One who affinns.
AF-FIRM'ING, ppr. Asserting •, declaring positively ; con-
firming,
AF-FIX', V. t. [L, affigo, affixum.] 1, To unite at the end ;
to subjoin, annex, or add at the close. 2, To attach
unite, or connect with, 3, To fix or fasten in any manner
AF'FIX, n. A syllable or letter added to the end of a word
AF-FIX'ED, (af-fixf) pp. United at the end ; annexed
attached,
AF-FIX'ING, ppr. Uniting at the end ; subjoining ; attach-
ing.
AF-FIX'ION, n. The act of uniting at the end, or state of
being so united. [Little used.]
AF-FIXT'URE, n. That which is affixed.
AF-FLa'TION, 71, [L. affio, affiatum.] A blowing or breath-
ing on,
AF-FLa'TUS, 71, [L,] 1, A breath or blast of wind. 2,
Inspiration ; communication of divine knowledge, or the
power of prophecy.
AF-FLICT , V. t. [L. affiigo, affiicto.] 1. To give to the
body or mind pain which is continued ; to grieve, or dis-
tress. 2. To trouble ; to harass ; to distress.
AF-FLICT ED, pp. Affected with continued or often re-
peated pain, either of body or mind ; suffering grief or dis-
tress of any kind,
AF-FLI€T'ED-NESS, n. The state of being afflicted ; but
superseded by affliction.
AF-FLICT'ER, n. One who afflicts,
AF-FLI€T'ING, ppr. Causing continued pain of body or
mind •, grieving •, distressing.
AF-FLI€T'ING, a. Grievous ; distressing.
AF-FL1€T'ING-LY, adv. In an afflicting manner.
AF-FLICTION, n. 1. The state of being afflicted ; a state
of pain, distress, or grief. 2. The cause of continued pain
of body or mind, as sickness, losses, calamity, adversity,
I>ersecution.
AF-FL1€T'IVE, a. Giving pain ; causing continued or re-
peated pain or grief; painful ; distressing.
AF-FLI€T'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner to give pain.
AF'FLU-ENCE, n. [L, affluentia.] 1, Literally, a flowing
to. [In this sense it is rarely used.] It is sometimes writ-
ten affiuency. — 2, Figuratively, abundance of riches ;
wealth, Rogers.
AF'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing to ; more generally, wealthy ;
abounding in goods or riches ; abundant.
AF'FLU-ENT-LY, adv. In abundance ; abundantly.
AF'FLUX, n. [L, affluxum.] The act of flowing to ; a
flowing to, or that which flows to.
AF-FLUX'ION, n. The act of flowing to ; that which
flows to.
AF'FO-RA<jE, n. [Fr. afforer.] In France, a certain duty
paid to the lord of a district.
t AF-FoRCE'MENT, n. In old charters, a fortress ; a forti-
fication for defense. Cyc.
AF-FORD', v.t. [ad, and the root of forth, further ^ G,
fordern.] I. To yield or produce as fruit, profit, issues, or
result, 2. To yield, grant or confer. 3. To be able to
grant or sell with profit or without loss. 4. To be able
to expend without injury to one's estate.
AF-FoRD'ED, pp. Yielded as fruit, produce or result ;
sold_with5ut loss or with profit,
AF-FoRD'ING, p;)r. Yielding; producing; selling without
loss ; bearing expenses,
t AF-FoRD'MENT, n. Grant ; donation. Lord
AF-FOR'EST, v. t. To convert ground into rorest.
A F-FOR-ES-T A'TION, 71, The act of turning ground into
forest or wood-land.
AF-FOR'EST-ED, pp. Converted into forest.
AF-FOR'EST-ING, ppr. Converting into forest.
AF-FRAN'CHISE, v. t. To make free.
AF-FRAN'CHiSE-MENT, n. The act of making free, o»
liberating. [Little used.]
t AF-FRAP', V. t. and i. [Fr. frapper.] To strike,
JAF-FRaY', v.t. [Fr. effrayer.] To fright; to terrify
Spenser. To be put in doubt.
* See Synopsis. A, K, I, o, tj, Y, lonff ■ FAR, FALL, WHAT j— FRfiY ;— PIN, MARiNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
AFR
AFT
AF-FRaY', ) n. [Fr. affrayer.] 1. Inlaw, the figlit-
AF-FRaY'MENT, ) ing of two or more persons, in a
public place to the terror of others. Blackstone. 2. A
petty fight ; tumult ; disturbance.
AF-FKEIGHT', (af-frate') v. t. To hire a ship for the trans-
portation of goods or freight.
AF-FRElGHT'ED,jpj?. Hired for transporting goods.
AF-FREIGHT ER, n. The person who hires or charters a
ship or other vessel to convey goods. Walsh.
AF-FREIGHT'MENT, n. The act of hiring a ship for the
transportation of goods. Amer. Rev.
t AF-FRET', 71. [It. affrettare.] A furious onset, or attack.
Spenser.
t AF-FRIOTION, n. The act of rubbing. BoT/le.
t AF-FRIEND'ED, (af-frend'ed) a. Made friends ; recon-
ci.ed. Spensei-.
AF-FRiGHT', (af-frite ) v. t. [Sax. frihtan.] To impress
with sudden fear ; to frighten ; to terrify or alarm.
AF-FRlGHT', (af-fflte') n. Sudden or great fear ; terror ;
also, the cause of terror ; a frightful object.
AF-FRIGHT'ED, pp. Suddenly alarmed with fear ; ter-
rified.
AF-FRlGHT'ED-LY, adv. Under the impression of fear.
AF-FRlGHT'ER, n. One who frightens.
AF-FRlGHT'FUL, a. Terrifying; terrible; that may ex-
cite great fear ; dreadful.
AF-FRiGHT'ING, ppr. Impressing sudden fear ; terrifying.
AF-FRlGHT'MENT, n. Affright ; terror ; the state of be-
ing frightened. [Rarely used. In common discourse, the
use of this loord, in all its forms, is superseded by fright,
frighted, frightful.]
AF-FRoNT', V. t. [Fr. affronter.'] 1. Literally, to meet or
encounter face to face, in a good or bad sense. Obs. 2.
To offer abuse to the face ; to insult, dare or brave open-
ly ; to offer abuse or insult in any manner, by words or
actions. 3. To abuse, or give cause of offense to, witliout
Deing present with the person •, to make slightly angry.
AF-FR6NT', n. Opposition to the face ; open defiance ;
encounter. Ohs. 2. Ill treatment ; abuse ; any thing re-
proachful or contemptuous, that excites or justifies resent-
ment. 3. Shame ; disgrace. \_J\rot usual.] — 'it. In popular
language, slight resentment ; displeasure.
AF-FR6NT'ED,ppr. 1. Opposed, face to face ; dared ; de-
fied ; abused. 2. In popular language, offended ; slightly
angry at ill treatment, by words or actions ; displeased.
AF-FR6NT-EE', a. In heraldry, front to front ; an epi-
thet given to animals that face each other.
AF-FR6NT'ER, n. One that affronts.
AF-FR6NT'ING, ppr. Opposing, face to face ; defying ;
abusing ; offering abuse, or any cause of displeasure.
AF-FR6NT'ING, a. Contumelious ; abusive.
AF-FR6NT'IVE, a. Giving offense ; tending to offend ;
abusive.
AF-FR6NT'IVE-NESS, n. The quality that gives offense.
[Little used.]
AF-FCSE', V. t. [L. affundo, affusum.] To pour upon ; to
sprinkle, as with a liquid.
AF-FuS'ED, (af-fuzd') pp. Sprinkled with a liquid ; sprin-
kledon ; having a liquid poured upon.
AF-Fu'SING, i)pr. Pouring upon, or sprinkling.
AF-Fu'SION, (af-fu'-zhun) n. The act of pouring upon, or
sprinkling with a liquid substance, as water upon a dis-
easedbody, or upon a child in baptism.
fAF-FY', v.t. ['Fr.affi.er.] To betroth ; to bind or join.
t AF-FY', v. t. To trust or confide in.
A-FIELD', (a-feeld') adv. To the field. Milton.
A-FiRE', adv. On fire. Gower.
A-FLAT', adv. Level with the ground. Bacon.
A-FLoAT', adv. or a. 1. Borne on the water ; floating ;
swimming. 2. Moving ; passing from place to place. 3.
Unfixed ; moving without guide or control.
A-FOOT', adv. 1. On foot ; borne by the feet ; opposed to
riding. 2. In action ; in a state of being planned for ex-
ecution ; as, a design is afoot or on foot.
A-FoRE', adv. or prep. 1. In front. 2. Between one ob-
ject and another, so as to intercept a direct view or inter-
course. 3. Prior in time ; before ; anterior. In all these
senses it is now inelegant, and superseded by before. —
4. In seamen^s language, toward the head of the ship •,
further forward, or nearer the stem ; eis, afore the wind-
A -FOREiGO-ING, a. Going before.
A-FoRE'HAND, adv. 1. In time previous ; by previous
provision. 2. a. Prepared •, previously provided ; as, to
be aforehand in business.
A-FoRE'MEN-TIONED, a. Mentioned before in the same
writing or discourse. Addison.
A-FoRE'NAMED, a. Named before. Peacham.
A-FoRE'SAID, a. Said or recited before, or in a preceding
part.
A-FoRE TIME, adv. In time past ; in a former time.
Bible
A-FOlll,i, adv. or a. Not free ; entangled. Columbiad.
A FRAID', a. [the paiticiple of affray.] Impressed with
fear or apprehension : fearful. This word expresses a
less degree of fear than terrified oi frightened.
A-FRESH', adv. Anew ; again ; recently ; after intermis-
sion,
AF'RI-€A, n. [qu. L. a neg. and frigus.] One of the fo<ii
quarters or largest divisions of the globe.
AF'Rie, 71. Africa. Shak.
AF'RI-€AN ( '^^ Pertaining to Africa.
AF'RI-€AN, n. A native of Africa. This name is given
also to the African marygold.
A-FRONT', adv. In front. Shale,
AFT, a. or adv. TSax. aft, eft.] In seamen^s language, a
word used to denote the stern of a ship ; towards the
stern. Fore and aft is the whole length of a ship.
aF'TER, a. [the comparative degree of aft.] 1. In ma-
rine language, more aft, or towards the stern of the ship •
as, the after sails. — 2. In common language, later in time ;
as, an after period of life. Marshall. In this sense, the
word is often combined with the following noun, as in
afternoon.
AF'TER, pre;>. 1. Behind in place. 2. Later in time ; as,
after supper. 3. In pursuit of, that is, moving behind,
following ; in search of. 4. In imitation of. 5. Accord-
ing to. G. According to the direction and influence of.
AF'TER, adv. Posterior ; later in time ; as, it was about the
space of three hours after. — After is prefixed to many
words, foiTOing compounds, but retaining its genuine
signification.
aF'TER-A€-€OUNT', n. A subsequent reckoning.
AF'TER-A€T, n. A subsequent act.
AF'TER-a-6ES, n. Later ages ; succeeding XmiQs.— After-
age, in the singular, is not improper. Addison.
AF'TER-ALL' is a plirase, signifying, when all has been
considered, said or done ; at last ; in the final result.
Pope.
AF'TER-BAND, n. A future band. Milton.
AF'TER-BiRTH, v.. The appendages of the fetus, called
also seciindines. Wiseman.
AF'TER-€LAP, n. An unexpected, subsequent event.
Hubbard.
aF'TER-€6M'ER, n. A successor.
aF'TER-€oM'FORT, 71. Future comfort. Jonson.
AF'TER-€0N'DU€T, n. Subsequent behavior.
AFTER-€0N-VI€'TI0N, n. Future conviction.
AF'TER-€0ST, n. Later cost ; expense after the execution
of the main design. Mortimer.
AF'TER-€oURSE, n. Future course. Brown.
AF'TER-€RCP, 71. The second crop in the same year
Mortimer.
AFTER-DAYS, n. Future days. Con^reve.
AF TER-eAT-AGE, n. Part of the mcrease of the same
year. [Local.] Burn.
AF'TER-EN-DEAV'OR, 71. An endeavor after the first or
former effort.
t AF'TER-E'S'E', v. t. To keep one in view. Shak
AF'TER-GAME, n. A subsequent scheme, or expedient.
Wotton.
aF'TER-GUARD, 71. The seaman stationed on the poop of
the ship, to attend the after-saDs.
AF'TER-HOPE, 71. Future hope. Jonson.
AF'TER-HCURS, n. Hours that follow. Shak.
AF'TER-IG'NO-RANCE, 7?. Subsequent ignorance.
AF'TER-INGS, n. The last milk that can be drawn from a
cow •, strokings. Orose.
AF'TER-KING, n. A succeeding king. Shuckford.
AF'TER-LIFE, n. 1. Future life, or the life after this
Drydcn. 2. A later period of life ; subseqtient life.
AF'TER-LIV'ER, n. One who lives in succeeding times.
Sidney.
AF'TEil-LoVE, n. The second or later love.
AF'TER-MAL'ICE, n. Succeeding malice. Dryden.
AF'TER-MATH, n. A second crop of grass in the same
season ; rowen. Holland.
AF'TER-MOST, a. superl. In marine language, nearest
the stern, opposed to foremost; also, hindmost.
AF'TER-NOON, n. The part of the day which follows
noon, between noon and evening.
AF'TER-PaINS, n. The pains which succeed child-birth.
AF'TER-PART, n. The latter part.— In marine languaga,
the part of a ship towards the stern.
AFTER-PIeCE, n. A piece performed after a play ; a farces
or other entertainment.
AF'TER-PROOF, ti. Subsequent proof or evidence ; quali-
ties knownVy subsequent experience.
AF'TER-RE-PENT'ANCE, n. Subsequent repentance.
AF'TER-RE-PORT', n. Subsequent report. South.
AF'TER-SAILS, n. The sails on the mizen-mast and stays
between the main and mizen-masts.
AF'TER-STATE, n. The future state. Qlanville.
AF'TER-STING, n. Subsequent sting. Herbert.
AF'TER-STORM, n. A succeeding storm. .
AF'TER-SUP'PER, n. The time between supper and gouig
to bed. Shak.
See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;~BULL. UNITE.— € as K , 6 as J ; S as Z 3 CH as SH ; TH aa in this f Ob8olU$.
AGE
20
AGG
XF'TLR -SWARM, n A swarm of bees which leaves the
hive after the first.
&F'TER-TAST£, n. A taste w.iich succeeds eating and
drinking.
AF'TER-THOUGHT, ?!. Reflections after an act;
later
thought, or expedient occurring too late.
AF'TER-TIME, ?i. Succeeding time. Dryden.
?LF'TER-TOSS ING, n. The swell or agitation of the sea
after a storm. Addison.
X'PJT'EK WART) )
XT'TER- WARDS °'^'"' ^" ^^^^^ ^^ subsequent time.
AF'TER-WISE, a. Wise afterwards or too late.
AF'TER-WIT, n. Subsequent wit ; wisdom that comes too
late. L^EstrauffE
AE'TeR-WRATH, 71. Later wrath ; anger after the provo-
cation has ceased. Shak.
AF'TER-WRI'TER, 71. A succeeding writer.
A GA, n In the Turkish domirdons, a commander or chief
officer.
♦A-GAIN', (a-gen') adv. [Sax. gean,agen, agean, ongean.]
1. A second time ; once more. 2. It notes something fur-
ther, or additional to one or more particulars. — igain and
again, often ; with frequent repetition.
* A-GAINST', (a-gensf) prep. [Sax. togeanes.l 1. In oppo-
sition ; noting enmity or disapprobation. 2. In opposition,
noting contrariet}', contradiction, or repugnance. 3. In
opposition, noting competition, or different sides or par-
ties. 4. In an opposite direction. 5. Opposite in place ;
abreast. 6. In opposition, noting adversity, injury, or
contrariety to wishes. 7. Bearing upon. 8. In provision
for : in preparation for.
t AG'A-LAX-Y, 71. Want of milk.
AG'AL-LOCH, ) n. Aloes-wood, the product of a tree
A-GAL'LO-€HUM, ) growing in China, and some of the
Indian isles.
AG-AL-MAT'0-LITE, n. [Gr. aya\jxa and X(0os.] A name
given by Klaproth to two varieties of the lard stone of
China.
T AG A-MIST, 7!. One that is unmarried. Coles.
A-GAPE', adv. or a. Gaping, as with wonder, expecta-
tion, or eager attention ; having the mouth wide open.
Milton.
AGA-PE, n. [Gr. ayairr].'] Araong the -primitive Christians,
a love feast, or feast of charity.
AGA-RIC, n. [Gr. aya^iKov.'] In botany, mushroom, a
genus of funguses, containing numerous species.
A-GaST', or A-GHAST', a. [qu. a contraction of agazed.]
Struck with terror, or astonishment ; amazed ; struck si-
lent with horror.
t A-GaTE', adv. On the way ; going.
AG' ATE, n. [Fr. agate.] A class of siliceous, semi-pellucid
gems of many varieties, consisting of quartz-crystal, flint,
horn-stone, chalcedony, amethyst, jasper, cornelian, heli-
otrope, and jade.
AG'ATE, n. An instrument used by gold-wire drawers, so
called from the agate in the middle of it.
AG'A-TINE, a. Pertaining to a^ate.
AG'A-TINE, 71. A genus of shells, oval or oblong.
AG'A-TlZED, a. Having the colored lines and figures of
agate. Fourcroy.
AG A-TY, a. Of the nature of agate. Woodward.
A-Ga'VE, n. [Gr. ayavog.'] 1. The American aloe. 2. A
genus of univalvular shells.
t A-GaZE', v. t. To strike with amazement.
t A-GaZ'ED, (a-gazd') pp. Struck with amazement.
AGE, n. [Fr. age.] 1. The whole duration of a being,
whether animal, vegetable, or other kind, 2. That part
of the duration of a being, which is between its beginning
and any given time. 3. The latter part of life, or long
continued duration ; oldness. 4. A certain period of hu-
man life, marked by a difference of state. 5. The period
when a person is enabled by law to do certain acts for
himself, or when he ceases to be controlled bv parents
or guardians ; as, in our countiy, both males and females
are of age at twenty-one years old. 6. Mature years ;
ripeness of strength or discretion. 7. The time of life for
conceiving children. 8. A particular period of time, as
distinguished from others ; as, the golden age. 9. The
people who live at a particular period ; hence, a genera-
tion and a succession of ger.^i ations ; as, ages yet unborn.
10. A century ; the period of one hundred'years.
A'6ED, a. 1. Old ; having lived long ; having lived almost
the usual time allotted to that species of being ; applied
to animals or plants. 2. Having a certain age: having
lived ; as, a man aaed forty vears.
a'GED, H. Old persons.
a'6ED-LY, adv After the manner of an aged person.
t A-GEN', for again.
a'6EN-CY, 7?. [L. agens.] 1. The quality of moving or of
exerting power ; the state of being in action ; action ; op-
eration ; instrumentality ; as, the agency of Providence in
the natural world. 2. The ofiice of an agent, or factor ; busi-
ness of an agent intrusted with the concerns of another.
AG'END, A-GEND'UM, n. Matter relating to the service of
the church.
A-<5END'A, n. [L. things to be done.] A memorandum-
book ; the service or office of a church ; a ritual or lit-
urgy.
a'GENT, a. Acting ; opposed to patient ; as, the body
aa-ent. [Little used.] Bacon.
A'GfeNT, 71. 1. An actoi ; one that exerts power, or has the
power to act. 2. An active power or cause ; that which
has the power to produce an effect. 3. A substitute, dep-
uty, or factor ; one entrusted with the business of another ;
an at torney ; a minister.
t A GENT-SHIP, 71. The office of an agent. We now use
agency.
t AG-6EL-a'TI0N, n [L. gelu.] Concretion of a fluid.
Brown.
t AG-6EN-ER-A TION, n. [L. ad and generatio.] The
state of growing to another. Brown.
f AG'GER, n. [L.] A fortress, or mound. Hearne.
t AG'GER-ATE, v. t. [L. aggero.] To heap,
AG-GER-a'TION, 71. A heaping ; accumulation. Ray.
t AG-GER-oSE', a. Full of heaps.
AG-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. agglomero.] To wind, 01
collect into a ball ', to gather into a mass.
AG-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. i. To gather, grow, or collect into
a ball or mass. Thomson.
AG-GLOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Wound or collected into a ball.
AG-GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Winding into a ball ; gather-
ing into a lump.
AG-GLOM-ER-a'TION, n. The act of winding into a ball ;
the state of being gathered into a ball or mass,
AG-GLu'TI-NANT, n. Any viscous substance which unites
otlier substances by causing an adhesion 5 any application
which tends to unite parts which have too little adhesion
Coxe._
AG-GLu'TI-NANT, a. Uniting as glue ; tending to cause
adhesion.
AG-GLu'TI-NATE, v. t. [L,. agglutino.] To unite, or cause
to adhere, as with glue ; to unite by causing an adhesion
of substances.
AG-GLtJ'TI-NA-TED, pp. Glued together.
AG-GLu'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Gluing together j uniting by
causing adhesion.
AG-GLU-TI-Na'TION, 7!. The act of uniting by glue or
other tenacious substance ; the state of being thus united.
AG-GLu'TI-NA-TiVE, a. That tends to unite, or has pow-
er to cause adhesion.
t AG-GRaCF', v. t. To favor. Spenser.
f AG-GRaCE', 71. Kindness ; favor. Spenser.
AG-GRAN-DI-Za'TION, n. The act of aggrandizing.
AG'GRAN-DiZE, v. t. [Fr. agrandir.] 1. To make great
or greater in power, rank, or honor ; to exalt. 2. To en-
large, applied to things.
AG'GRAN-DlZED, pp. Made great or greater 5 exalted ;
enlarged,
* AG-GRAN'DiZE-MENT, v. The act of aggrandizing ;
the state of being exalted in power, rank, or honor ; ex-
altation ; enlargement.
AG'GRAN-Di-ZER, n. One that aggrandizes or exalts in
power, rank, or honor.
AG'GRAN-Dl-ZING, ppr. Making great ; exalting •, en-
larging.
t AG-GRaTE', v. t. [It.] To please. Spenser.
t AG'GRA-VA-BLE, a. Making a thing worse.
AG'GRA-VATE, v. t. [L. aggravo.] 1, To make heavy,
but not used in this literal sense. Figuratively, to make
worse, more severe, or less tolerable. 2. To make more
enormous, or less excusable. 3. To exaggerate. 4. To
give coloring in description ; to give an exaggerated rep-
resentation.
AG'GRA VA-TED, pp. Increased in severity or enormity ;
made worse ; exaggerated.
AG'GRA-VA-TING^ 777;r. Increasing in severity, enormity,
or degree ; as evils, misfortunes, pain, punishment,
crimes, guilt, &c. ; exaggerating.
AG-GRA-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of making worse, used
of evils, natural or moral -, the act of increasing severity
or heinousness ; addition to that which is evil or improper
2. Exaggerated representation, or heightened description
of any thing wrong, improper, or unnatural. Addison.
AG'GR'E-GATE, v.t. [L,. aggrego.] To bring together ; to
collect particulars into a suni, niass, or body.
AG'GRE-GATE, a. Formed by a collection of particulars in-
to a whole mass or sum.
AG'GRE-GATE, n. A sum, mass, or assemblage of particu-
lars.
AG'GRE-GA-TED, pp. Collected into a sum, mass, or sys-
tem,
AG'GRE-GATE-LY, adv. Collectively,
AG'GRE-GA-TING, ppr. Collecting into a sum or mass.
AG-GRE-Ga'TION, 77. 1. The act of aggregating ; the state
of being collected into a sum or mass ; a collection of par-
ticulars ; an aggregate. — 2. In chemistry, the affinity of
aggregation is the power which causes homogeneous
* S6«, Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, ©, "y, long— FAR, FALL, WHAT j-PRgY ;— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;- t Obsolete
AGN
21
AGR
oodies to tend towards each other, and to cohere, when
united. 3. TJie union and coherence of bodies of the
same nature.
AG'GRE-GA-Tl VE, a. Taken together ; collective.
AG'GRE-G A-TOR, n. He that collects into a whole or mass.
Burton.
AG-GRESS', V. i. [L. aggredior, aggressus.'\ To make a
first attack ; to commit the first act of hostility or ofiense 5
to begin a quarrel or controversy ; to assault first, or in-
vade.
t AG-GRESS', 71. Aggression. Hale.
AG-GRESS'ING, jipr. Commencing hostility first ; making
AG-GRESS'10N,*7i. The first attack, or act of hostility ; the
first act of injury, or first act leading to war or contro-
versy.
AG-GRESS'IVE, a. Tending to aggress ; making the first
attack. Clarkson.
AG-GRESS'OR, n. The person who first attacks ; he who
first commences hostility or a quarrel ; an assaulter ; an
invader.
AG-GRlK'VANCE, n. Oppression ; hardship ; injury
AG-GRIeVE', v. t. 1. To give pain or sorrow ; to afflict.
In this sense it is nearly superseded by grieve. 2. To bear
hard upon ; to oppress or injure ; to vex or harass.
t AG-GRIeVE', v. i. To mourn , to lament.
AG-GRIEV'ED, (ag-greevd') pp. Pained ; afflicted ; civilly
or politically oppressed.
AG-GRIeV'ING, ppr. Afflicting ; iaigosing hardships on ;
oppressing.
AG-GR5UP', ) ??. «. [Sp. agnipar.] To bring together ; to
AG-GROOP', \ group ; to collect many persons into a
crowd, or many figures into a whole.
AG-GRoUP'ED, ) , „,.„„„tn \ pp. Collected into a group
AG-GROOP'ED, \ ^ag-gioopt ) | ^^ assemblage.
A-GHAST', or, more correctly, Agast, a. or adv. Struck
with amazement 5 stupified with sudden friglit or horror.
AGILE, a. [Fr. agile.] Nimble; having the faculty of
quick motion in the limbs ; apt or ready to move ; brisk ;
active.
AG'ILE-NESS, n Nimbleness ;, activity ; the faculty of
moving the limbs quickly ; agility.
A-6IL'I-TY, n. [L. agilitas.'] The power of moving the
limbs quickly ; nimbleness ; briskness ; activity 5 quick-
ness of motion.
t A-6IL'L0-C(JM, n. Aloes- wood, Quincy.
A 6I-O, n. [Ital. aggio.l 1. In commerce, the difierence be-
tween bank notes and current coin. 2. Premium ; sum
given above the nominal value.
A-6IST', V. t. In laiD, to take the cattle of others to graze ,
to feed or pasture the cattle of others.
A-6IST'MENT, n. The taking and feeding of other men's
cattle in the king's forest, or on one's own land ; also, the
price paid for such feeding.
A-GIST'OR, or A6-IS-TA'TOR, n. An officer of the king's
forest, who has the care of cattle agisted, and collects the
money for the same.
AGI-TA-BLE, a. That may be agitated, shaken, or dis-
cussed.
AG'I-TATE, V. t. [L. agito.] 1. To stir violently ; to put in
motion ; to shake or move briskly. 2. To move or force
into violent, irregular action. 3. To disturb, or excite in-
to tumult. 4. To discuss ; to debate ; to controvert. 5.
To consider on all sides ; to revolve in the mind, or view
in all its aspects ; to contrive by mental deliberation.
A6'I-TA-TED, pp. Tossed from side to side ; shaken ; mov-
ed violently and irregularly ; disturbed ; discussed ; con-
sidered.
AG'I-TA-TING, ppr. Shaking ; moving with violence 5 dis-
turbing ; disputing ; contriving.
A6-I-Ta'TI0N, n. 1. The act of shaking ; the state of be-
ing moved with violence, or with irregular action •, com-
motion. 2. Disturbance of tranquility in the mind ; per-
V turbation ; excitement of passion. 3. Discussion; exam-
ination of a subject in controversy. 4. A state of being
deliberated upon, with a view to contrivance, or plan to
be adopted.
AG-I-TA'TO, in music, denotes a broken style of perform-
ance, adapted to awaken surprise or perturbation.
\GI-T A-TOR, n. One who agitates ; also, an insurgent ;
one who excites sedition or revolt. In CromwelVs time,
certain officers, appointed by the army to manage their
concerns, were called agitators.
A.G'LET, or aIG'LET, n. [Fr. aiguillette.] 1. A tag of a
point curved into the representation of an animal, gener-
ally of a man ; a small plate of metal. — ^2. In botany, a
pendant at the ends of the chives of flowers, as in the
rose and tulip.
AG'LET-BA-BY, n. A small image on the top of a lace.
Shak.
AG'MI-NAL, a. [L agmen.] Pertaining to an army or
troop. [Little used.]
AG'xVAIL, n. A disease of the nail ; a whitlow ; an inflam-
mation round the nail.
AG^NATE, a. fL. agnatus.] Related or akin by the father's
side.
AG 'NATE, n. Any male relation by the father's side,
Encyc.
AG-NAT'I€, a. Pertaining to descent by the male line of
ancestors. Blackstone.
AG-Na'TION, 71. Relation by the father's side only, or de-
scent in the male line, distinct from cognation, which in-
cludes descent in the male and female lines.
AG'NEL, 71. [from agnus.] An ancient French coin, value
twelve sols, six deniers.
AG-NI"TI0N, 71. [L. agnitio.] Acknowledgment. [Little
id.] Pearson.
-NiZE , V. t. To acknowledge. Shak.
tAG
AG-NOM'I-NATE, v t. [L. agnomina.] To name. [LMle
used.]
AG-NOM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. agnomen.] 1. An additional
name, or title ; a name added to another, as expressive of
some act, achievement, &c, ; a surname. 2. Allusion of
one word to another by sound.
AGNUS €ASiTUS. A species of vitex, so called from ita
imagined virtue of preserving chastity.
AG'NUS De'I, [Latnb of Ood.] In the Romish church, a
cake of wax stamped with the figure of a lamb, support-
ing the banner of the cross.
AG'NUS SCYTH'I-€US. [Scythian lamb.] A name appli-
ed_to the roots of a species of fern.
A-Go', adv. or a. [Sax. agan.] Past ; gone ; as, a year ago
A-GOG', adv. [Fr. agogo ] In a state of desii-e ; highly ex-
cited by eagerness after an object.
A-Go'ING, In motion ; as, to set a mill agoing.
t a'GON, n. [Gr.] The contest for the prize.
A-GONW, pp. Ago ; past ; since. [JVearly obs.]
AG'O-NISM, n. [Gr. aywvtff/^oj .] Contention for a prize.
AG'0-NIST, n. One who contends for the prize in public
games. Milton has used Asonistes in this sense.
AG-0-NIST'I€, } a. Pertaining to prize-fighting, con-
AG-0-NIST'I-€AL, \ tests of strength, or athletic combats
Enfield.
AG-0-NIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In an agonistic manner ; like
prize-fighting.
AG'O-NIZE, V. i. [Gr. aywvi^o).] To writhe with extreme
pain ;_to suffer violent anguish. Pope.
AG'O-NiZE, V. t. To distress with extreme pain ; to tor-
ture. Pope.
AG'O-Nl-ZING, 7?pr. Suffering severe pain ; writhing with
torture.
AG'O-Nl-ZING-LY, adv. With extreme anguish.
t AG-0-NO-THeTE', n. A judge of masteries in activity.
t AG-0-N0-THET'I€, a. Presiding at public games.
AG'O-NY, 7(. [Gr, aywv.] 1. In strictness, pain so extreme
as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to
those made in the athletic contests in Greece. Hence,
2. Extreme pain of body or mind ; anguish ; appropri
ately, the pangs of death, and the sufferings of our Savior
in the garden of Gethsemane. Luke xxii. 3. Violent con- •
test or striving. Mm-e.
1;A-GOOJ)<, adv. In earnest. Skak.
A-GOU'TY, 7i. [qu, Sp, agudo.] A quadruped of the order
rodeiitia, of the size of a rabbit,
t A-GRAM'MA-TIST, 71, An illiterate man.
A-GRa'RI-AN, a. [L. agrari^LS.] Relating to lands. Ap-
propriately, denoting or pertaining to an equal division of
lands ; as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed
the conquered and other public lands equally among all
the citizens,
A-GREE , 71. i. [Fr, agreer.] 1. To be of one mind ; to har-
monize in opinion. 2. To live in concord, or without
contention. 3. To yield assent ; to approve or admit ; fol-
lowed by to. 4. To settle by stipulation, the minds of
parties being agreed as to the terms. 5. To come to a
compromise of differences ; to be reconciled. 6. To come
to one opinion or mind ; to concur ; as, to agree on a place
of meeting. 7. To be consistent ; to harmonize ; not to
contradict, or be repugnant. 8. To resemble ; to be sim
ilar. 9, To suit ; to be accommodated or adapted to.
A-GREE', V. t. To admit, or come to one mind concerning ,
as, to agree the fact. Also, to reconcile or make friends ;
to put an end to variance ; but these senses are unusual,
and hardly legitimate.
j A-GREE-A-BIL'I-TY, ??. Easiness of disposition. Chaucer
A-GREE' A-BLE, a. ]. Suitable; conformable; con-espond
ent ; consistent with, 2. In pursuance of; in conformity
with. 3. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses ; as, agree-
able manners.
A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, v. I , Suitableness ; conformity;
consistency. 2. The quality of pleasing ; that quality
which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind
or senses. 3. Resemblance ; likeness. Obs.
A-GREE' A-BLY, adv. I. Pleasingly ; in an agreeable man-
ner ; in a manner to give pleasure. 2. Suitably ; consist-
ently ; conformably. 3. Alike ; in the same manner. Ob<t.
A-GREED', pp. 1. Being in concord or harmony of opinion i
* See Smopsis. Mf^VE BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
AHU
22
i)f one mind. 2. Assented to ; admitted. 3. Settled by
consent ; implying bargain or contract.
AGREE'ING,^^"*' Living in concord ; concurring ; assent-
ing ; settling by consent.
A-GREE'ING-LY, adv. In conformity to. [Little used.}
r A-GREE'iNG-NESS, n. Consistency •, suitableness.
4-GE,EE'MENT, n. I. Concord ; harmony ; conformity.
2. Union ofopinions or sentiments. 3. Resemblance 5 con-
formity 5 similitude. 4. Union of minds in regard to a
transfer of interest ; bargain ; compact ; contract ; stipu-
lation.
\ A-GRES'TIAL, ) a. [L. agrestis.] Rural •, rustic ; per-
A GRES'TIC, [ taining to fields or the country, in
A-GRES'T1-€AL, ) opposition to the city ; unpolished.
AGRI-€UL-TOR, n. One whose occupation is to till the
ground ; a farmer ; a husbandman.
AG-RI-€UL'TU-RAL, a. Pertaining to husbandry, tillage,
or the culture of the earth.
AG'RI-€UL-TURE, n. [L. ager, and cultura.] The culti-
vation of the ground, for the purpose of producing vege-
tables and fruits, for the use of man and beast ; the art of
preparing the soil, sowing and planting seeds, dressing the
plants, and removing the crops.
AG-RI-CUL TU-RISM, 7i. The art or science of agriculture.
[Little used.]
AG-RI-€UL TU-RIST, n. One skilled in agriculture ; a
skilful husbandman.
AGRI-MO-NY, n. [I., argemonia.] A genus of plants, of
several species.
AG-RIP-PIN'I-ANS, n. In church history, the followers of
Agrippinus, bishop of Carthage. Encyc.
t A-GRISE', V. i. [Sax. agrisan.] To shiver.
T A-GRiSE , V. t. To terrify ; also, to make frightful.
a'GROM, 71. A disease frequent in Bengal.
AG-RO-STEM'MA, n. A genus of plants.
A-GROS'TIS, n. [Gr. aypuxms.] Bent grass.
A-GROUND', adv. 1. On the ground ; a marine term, signi-
fying that the bottom of a ship rests on the ground, for
want of sutFicient depth of water. 2. Figuratively, stop-
ped ; impeded by insuperable obstacles
A-GUA-PE-€A'€A, n. The jacana, a Brazilian bird.
iv'GUE, (a'gu) n [Sax. mge, oga, or hoga.] 1. The cold fit
which precedes a fever,'or a paroxysm of fever in intermit-
tents. It is accompanied with shivering. 2. Chilliness ; a
chill, or state of shaking with cold, though in health. 3. It
is used for a periodical fever, an intermittent, whether
quotidian, tertian, or quartan.
A GUE, V. t. To cause a shivering in ; to strike with a cold
fit. Haywood.
A'GUE-CAKE, n. A hard tumor on the left side of the bel-
ly, lower than the false ribs.
aGU-ED, a. Chilly ; having a fit of ague ; shivering with
cold or fear. Shak.
a'GUE-FIT, n. A paroxysm of cold, or shivering ; chilli-
_ ness.
A GUE-PROOF, a. Able to resist agues ; proof against
agues,
fA-GUERRY, V. t. [Fi. agxLerrir.] To inure to the hard-
ships of war ; to instruct in the art of war
A'GUE-SPELL, n. A charm or spell to cure or prevent ague.
Oay.
AGUE-STRUCK, a. Struck with ague. Hewyt.
AGUE-TREE, w. A name sometimes applied to sassa-
fras. _
t A-GUlSE V. t. To dress ; to adorn. Spenser.
■JA-GUiSE n. Dress. More.
a'GU-ISH, a. Chilly ; somewhat cold or shivering ; having
the qualities of an ague.
A GU-ISH-NESS,_n. Chilliness ; the quality of being aguish.
A-GUIL-LA-NEuF', n. A form of rejoicing among the
ancient Franks, on the first day of the year.
S'GUL, 71 A species of the hedysaruni.
AH. An exclamation, expressive of surprise, pity, complaint,
contempt, dislike, joy, exultation, &c., according to the
manner of utterance
S.-HA'. 1. An exclamation expressing triumph, contempt, or
simple siurprise ; but the senses are distinguished by very
different modes of utterance, and different modifications
of featureG. 2. n. A sunk fence, not visible, without near
approach. Mason.
A-HAN I-GER, n. A name of the gar-fish.
A-HEAD', (a-hed') adv. 1. Further forward than another
thing ; in front ; originally a sea term, denoting further
forward than another ship. 2. Onward ; forward ; to-
wards the point before the stem or head ; as, move ahead.
3. Headlong ; precipitantly. L'Estrange.
, A-HEIGHT', (a-hlte') adv. Aloft ; on high.
A-HIC-CY-AT'LI, n. A poisonous serpent of Mexico
t A-HIGH , adv. On high.
J-A-HoLD', ado. Near the wind. Shak.
AHOVAF, n. A poisonous species of plum.
A-HOY^, ezcl. A sea term used in hailing.
AHRIMAN. See Ariman.
A-HJIT'LA, n. A worm found in the lake of Mexico.
Alfi
A-HUIT'ZOTE, 71. An amphibious quadruped of the trop
ical climate of America,
t A-HUNG'RY, a. Hungry. Shak.
A'lA, n. A Brazilian fowl of the spoon-bill kind, and re
sembling that bird in form and size.
AI-CU'RUS, 71. A large and beautiful species of parrot.
AID, V. t. [Fr. aider.] To help ; to assist 5 to support.
AID, 71. 1. Help ; succor ; support ; assistance. 2. The per-
son who aids or yields support ; a helper ; an auxiliary
3. In English law, a subsidy or tax granted by parliament.
4. An aid-de-camp, so called by abbreviation.
aID'ANCE, 71. Aid ; help ; assistance. [Little used.] Shak.
t aID'ANT, a. Helping ; helpful ; supplying aid.
*aID'DE-€AMP, 71, In military affairs, an officer whose
duty is to receive and communicate the orders of a gen-
eral officer. [It is desirable that this word should be natu
ralized, and no longer pronounced aid-de-cong.]
aID'ED, pp. Assisted ; supported ; furnished with succor.
aID'ER, 7i. One who helps ; an assistant, or auxiliary.
AlD'ING,;;pr. Helping ; assisting.
aID'LESS, a. Helpless ; without aid ; unsupported ; unde-
fended. Shak.
t aI'GRE, a. Sour. Craven dialect.
Al'GRET, I n. I. In zoology, a name of the small white
aI'GRETTE, \ heron.— 2. In botany. See Egret.
aI'GU-LET, n. A point or tag, as at the ends of fringes
_ See Aiglet.
aIK'RAW, n. A name of a species of lichen, or moss.
AIL, V. t. [Sax. eglian.] To trouble ; to affect with unea-
siness, either of body or mind.
AIL, 77. Indisposition, or morbid affection.
AlL'ING, ppr. Diseased -, indisposed •, full of complaints.
aIL'MENT, 71. Disease ; indisposition ; morbid affection of
the body.
AIM, V. i. [qu. Ir. oigham.] To point at with a missive
weapon ; to direct the intention or purpose ; to attempt
to reach, or accomplish ; to tend towards ; to endeavor ;
followed by at.
AIM, V. t. To direct or point as a weapon ; to direct to a
particular object ; as, to aim a musket.
AIM, n. 1. The pointing or direction of a missile weapon ;
the direction of any thing to a particular point or object,
with a view to strike or affect it. 2, The point intended
to be hit, or object intended to be affected. 3. A purpose ;
intention ; design •, scheme. 4. Conjecture ; guess. [JVo«
used.] Spenser.
AIMED, pp. Pointed ; directed ; intended to strike or af-
fect,
aIM'ER, 71. One that aims.
aIM'ING, ppr. Pointing a weapon at an object •, directing
_ any thing to an object ; intending ; purposing.
aIM'LESS, a. Without aim. May.
AIR, n. [Fr. air ; L, acr ; Gr. anp.] 1. The fluid which we
breathe. Air is inodorous, invisible, insipid, colorless,
elastic, possessed of gravity, easily moved, rarefied and
condensed. Atmospheric air is a compound fluid, consist-
ing of oxygen gas, and nitrogen or azote. The body of
air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. 2, Air
in motion ; a light breeze. 3. Vent ; utterance abroad ;
publication ; publicity. 4. A tune •, a short soaig or piece
of music adapted to words ; also, the peculiar modulation
of the notes, which gives music its character ; as, a soft
air. A song or piece of poetry for singing ; the leading
part of a tune. 5. The peculiar look, appearance, manner
or mien of a person. It is applied to manners or gestures,
as well as to features. 6. Airs, in the plural, is used to de-
note an affected manner, show of pride, haughtiness ; as,
he puts on airs. — 7, In painting, that which expresses the
life of action ; manner ; gesture ; attitude. 8. Any thing
light or uncertain ; that is light as air. 9. Advice ; intel-
ligence : information. [Ois.] Bacon.
AIR, 7'. t. I. To expose to the air ; to give access to the
open air 5 to ventilate ; as, to air a room. 2. To expose
to heat ; to warm. 3. To dry by a fire j to expel damp-
ness.
AIR'A, 71. Hair grass, a genus of plants.
AIR'-BAL-LOON. See Balloon.
AIR'-BLAD-DER, n. A vesicle or cuticle filled with air ,
also, the bladder of a fish.
AIR'-BORN, a. Born of the air. Congreve
AIR'-BRA-VING, a. Braving the winds. Shak.
AIR'-BUILT, a. Erected in the air ; having no solid foun-
dation ; chimerical.
AIR'-DRAWN, a. Drawn in air ; imaginary. Shak.
AIRED, pp. Exposed to air ; cleansed by air ; heated or
dried by exposure to a fire ; ventilated.
AIR'ER, 71. One who exposes to the air. _,
AIR'-GUN, n. A pneumatic engine, resembling a musket
to discharge bullets by means of air.
AIR'HOLD-ER, 7(. An instrument for holding air.
AIR'-HOLE, 71. An opening to admit or disciiarge air.
AIR'I-NESS, n. 1. Exposure to a free current of air •, open
ness to the air. 2. Gayety ; levity.
AIR'ING, ppr. Exposing to the air ; warming ; drying.
See Synopsis A, £, I o U, ?, long -FAR, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— FTN, M ARiNE, BIRD ;— j Obsdete.
ALA
23
ALC
AIR'ING, n. Ail exposure to the air, or to a fire, for warm-
ing or drying ; also, a wallc or ride in the open air ; a
short excursion.
AIIl'-JACK-ET, 71. A leather jacket, to which are fastened
bags or bladders filled with air.
AIRLESS, a. Not open to a free current of air ; wanting
fresh air, or communication with open air.
Alii'LING, 71. A thoughtless, gay person. Jonson.
AIR -PIPE, n. A pipe used to draw foul air from a ship's
hold.
AIR'-POISE, n. An instrument to measure the weight of
the air,
AIR'-PUMP, 71. A machine for exhausting the air of a ves-
AIR'^A€S, 71. Air-bags in birds.
AIR '-SHAFT, n. A passage for air into a mine.
AIR '-STIR-RING, a. Putting the air in motion.
AIR '-THREAD, 7t. A name given to the spider's webs,
which are often seen floating in the air.
AIR'-THREAT-EN-ING, a. Threatening the air ; lofty.
AIR'-VES-SEL, 11. A spiral duct in plants, containing air.
AIR'Y, a. I. Consisting of air. 2. Relating or belonging
to air; high in air. 3. Open to a free current of air. 4.
Light as air ; resembling air ; thin ; unsubstantial ; with-
out solidity. 5 Without reality ; having no solid foun-
dation ; vain ; trifling. 6. Gay ; sprightly ; full of viva-
city and levity ; light of heart ; lively.
AIR'Y, or a'ER-Y, 71. [See Aery.] Among sportsmen, the
nest of the hawk or eagle.
AIR'Y-FLY'ING, a. Flying like air. Thomson.
AIR'Y-LIGHT, a. Light as air.
AISH, n. Stubble. Grose.
AISLE, or AILE, (He) n. [Fr. aile.\ The wing of a quire ;
a walk in a church.
AIT, orEYGHT, (ate) n. A small island in a river.
AI-ZOON'j 71. [Sax. atzon.] A genus of plants
A-JAR' adv. Half-opened.
A-Ja'VA, n. The seed of a plant brought from Malabar.
A-JU'GA, 71. Bugle, a genus of plants. Encyc.
A-JtJ'RU-€A-TIN'GA, n. A species of American parrot.
A-Jtr'RU-€U-RAU, n. An American parrot.
A-Ju'RU-PA-RA, n. A small parrot of America.
AJ'U-TAGE, or AD'JU-TAGE, n. [Fr.] A tube fitted to
the mouth of a vessel.
AKE, 7J. i., less properly written acke. [Sax. ace.] 1. To
be in pain ; usually, in pain of some continuance. Shak.
2. To feel distress of mind ; to be grieved.
AKE, 71. Continued pain, less severe than is expressed by
pang, agony, and torment •, as, the tooth-ake.
a'KER, 71. [Gr. aypos ; L. agerj Sax. accr. The most
the
of land in the aker is fixed at 4840 square yards, making
160 square rods, perclies, or poles. See Acre.
A-KIN', a. 1. Related by blood, used of persons. 2. Al-
lied by nature ; partaking of the same properties ; as,
envy and jealousy are near akin.
a'KING, ppr. Having continued pain ; suffering distress of
mind, or grief.
ASKING, n. Continued pain, or distress of mind.
AL, in .Arabic, an adjective, or inseparable prefix, answer-
ing to the Italian il, and Spanish el, and la. Its use is to
render nouns definite, like the English the ; as, alkoran,
the koran, or the book, by eminence ; alcove, alchimy,
alembic, almanac, &c.
AL, in English, is sometimes a contraction of the Saxon
(sthel, noble, or illustrious. More generally, al, in com-
position, is a contraction of aid, or alt, old, and it is pre-
fixed to many names, as Mhurg. Sax. eald ; Germ, alt,
old.
AL, in the composition of Latin words, is written before I
for ad, for the ease of pronunciation ; as, in allevo, al-
ludo, for ad levo, ad ludo.
AL'A-BAS-TER, n. [L. from Gr. aXa/Saorpov.] A sub-
variety of carbonate of lime, found in large masses, form-
ed by the deposition of calcareous particles in caverns of
limestone rocks. Among the ancients, alabaster was also
the name of a vessel, in which odoriferous liquors were
kept ; so called from the stone of which it was made.
AL'A-BAS-TER, a. Made of alabaster.
A-LACK', exclam. An exclamation expressive of sorrow.
A-LACK'A-DAY. An exclamation uttered to express regret
or sorrow.
rA-LAC'RI-OUS-LY, acZi;. Cheerfully.
f A-LA€'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Briskness.
A-LACRI-TY, n. [L. alacritas.] Cheerfulness •, gayety ;
sprightliness ; a cheerful readiness or promptitude to do
some act.
A-LAD'I-NISTS, n. Free thinkers among the Mohamme-
dans.
AL'A-LITE, n A crystalized mineral ; diopside; a semi-
transparent pyroxene.
A-LA-Mi'RE', 71. The lowest note but one, in Guido Are-
tine's scale of music. Johnson.
lypos ;
correct orthography is aker.] Originally, an open field.
But in Oreat Britain and the United States, the quantity
AL-A-MO-DAL'1-TY, n. Confonnity to the prevailing
mode, or fashion of the times. Encyc. [Little used.]
AL-A-MoDE', adv. [Fr. a la mode.] According to the
fashion^ or prevailing mode. Whitlock.
AL-A-MoDE', n. A thin, glossy silk for hoods, scarfs, &c
A-LAND', adv. At, or on land. Sidney.
A-LAN'TUm' ( "''^^' '^* ^ 'distance. Grose. Craven dialect
A-LaRM', n. [Fr. alarme, alarmer.] 1. Any sound, out-
cry, or information, intended to give notice of approach
ing danger. 2. A summon to arms. 3. Sudden surprise
with fear or terror. 4. Terror ; a sensation excited by an
apprehension of danger.— 5. In fencing, an appeal or
challenge.
A-LARM', V. t. 1. To give notice of danger ; to rouse to
vigilance. 2. To call to arms for defense. 3. To sur-
prise with apprehension of danger ; to disturb with terror.
A-LARM'-B£LL, 71. A bell that gives notice of danger.
A-LARM ED, (a-larmd') pp. Notified of sudden danger;
surprised with fear ; roused to vigilance or activity by
apprehension of approaching danger.
A-LARM'ING, ppr. Giving notice of approaching danger ;
rousing to vigilance.
A-LARM'lNG, a. Exciting apprehension ; terrifying ;
awakening a sense of danger.
A-LARM'ING-LY, adv. With alarm ; in a manner to excite
apprehension.
A-LARM'IST, 71. One that excites alarm.
A-LARM'-POST, n. A place to which troops are to repair
in case of an alarm.
A-LARM'- WATCH, 7*. A watch that strikes the hour by
regulated movement. Herbert.
A-LAR'UM, for alarm, is a corruption.
A-LASf, ezcl. [Dutch, helaas : Fr. helas.] An exclamation
expressive of sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension
of evil; sometimes followed by day or while; alas the
day, like alack a day ; or alas the while, [Obs.] Spenser
expressing an unhappy time.
t A-LaTE', adv. Lately
A-La'TED, a. [L. alatus. | Winged ; having dilatations
like wings. Botany.
AL'A-TERN, n. A name of a species of buckthorn.
ALB, n. [L. albus.] A surplice or vestment of white linen,
reaching to the feet. A Turkish coin.
AL'BA-TROS, n. An aquatic fowl.
AL-BE', ) [.Albeit is supposed to be a compound of all,
AL-Be'IT. ) be, and it, and is equivalent to admit, or
grant it all.] Be it so ; admit all that ; although ; not-
withstanding. [JVow antiquated.]
AL'BE-LEN, n. A fish of the trout kind.
AL-BES'CENT, a. [L. albesco.] Becoming white, or rather
whitish ; moderately white.
AL'BI-€0RE, n [Port, albacor.] A marine fish, like a
tunny.
t AL-BI-FL€a'TI0N, 71. Making white. Chaucer.
AL-BI-6EN'SES, AL-BE-6E0IS', n. A party of Reform-
ers, who separated from the church of Rome, in the 12th
century ; so called from the Albegeois, a small territory
in France, where they resided. They are sometime'3
confounded with the Waldenses.
AL'BIN, n. [L. albus.] An opake, white mineral.
AL-BI'NO, 7J. [L. albus.] A white descendant of black pa-
rents, or a white person belonging to a race of blacks. A
person unnaturally white.
AL-BI'NOS, 71. A name signifying white men, given by the
Portuguese to the white negroes of Africa.
AL'BI-ON, n. An aiicient name of England, still used in
poetry.
AL-Bo'RA, n. A sort of itch, or rather leprosy.
AL-Bo'RO, 71. A small red fish of the Mediterranean.
AL-BU-6IN'E-0US, c. \Ij. albugo.] Pertaining to, or re-
sembling the white of the eye, or of an egg.
AL-Bu'GO, n. The white speck in the eye Also, a dis-
easeof the eye.
AL-Bu'LA, n. A species of tmttaceous fish.
AL'BUM, 71. [L. albus.] 1. Among the Romans, a white
table, board or register. 2. A book, in which foreigners
or strangers insert autographs of celebrated persons, or in
which friends insert pieces as memorials for each other.
AL-Bu'MEN, 71. The white of an egg.
AL-Bu'MIN-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or having the proper-
ties of albumen.
I AL'BURN, or AL-BURN'UM, n. [L. alMimum.] The
I white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark
I and the wood. In America, it is popularly called the
sap.
AL'BURN, n. [L. alburnus.] A fish called the bleak.
AL'CA-HEST, or AL KA-HEST, n. [Arabic] A pretended
universal dissolvent, or menstruum. See Alkahest.
AL-Ca'1€, a. Pertaining to Alcaus, a lyric poet.
AL-€a'I€S, 71. plu. Several kinds of verse, so called from
Alcaeus, tlieir inventor.
AL-€aID', n. [Sp. alcayde ; Port, alcaide.] Among the
Moors, Spaniards, and Portuguese, a governor.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; « as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete,
ALE
24
ALI
AL-€AN'NA, n. [Arabic] A plant ; and a powder, pre-
pared from the leaves of the Egyptian privet.
AL'€A-TRAZ, n. A pelican.
A.L-€A-VA'LA, 71. In Spain, a tax on every transfer of
property, real or personal. Encyc.
AL-Ce'DO, 71. [L ] The king-fisher
AL-eHEM'[€, I a. Relating to alchemy, or produced by
AL-€HE]MII-€AL, i it
AL-€HEM'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of alchemy.
AL'€HE-MIST, 71. One who practices alchemy.
AL-€HE-MIST I€, /a. Practicing alchemy, or relating
AL-€HE-MIST'I-€AL, \ to it.
AL €HE-MY, n. [It. alcJiiviia.] 1. The more sublime and
difficult parts of chemistry, and chiefly such as relate to
the transmutation of metals into gold, the finding a
universal remedy for diseases, and an alkahest, or uni-
versal solvent, and other things now treated as ridicu-
lous. This pretended science was much cultivated in
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but is now
held in contempt. 2. Formerly, a mixed metal used for
utensils.
AL€-Ma'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Alcman, a lyric poet.
AL'eO, 11. A quadruped of America.
AL'€0-H0L, 71. [Ar.] Pure or highly rectified spirit, ob-
tained from fermented liquors by distillation.
AL-€0-HOL'I€, a. Pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of
Its qualities, Med. Rep.
AL-€0-HOL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of rectifying spirit, till
it is wholly dephiegmated ; or of reducing a substance to
an impalnable powder.
AL'€0-HO-LlZE, v. t. To convert into alcohol ; to rectify
spirit, till it is wholly dephiegmated ; also, to reduce a
substance to an impalpable powder.
AL'€OR, n. [Ar.] A small star.
AL'eO-RAN. See Kojeian and Alkoean.
* AL'€oVE, or AL-€oVE', n. [Sp. alcoba.] 1. A recess, or
part of a room, separated by an estrade, or partition of
columns, or by other corresponding ornaments ; in which
is placed a bed of state, and sometimes seats for company.
2 A recess in a library, or small lateral apartment for
books.
AL CY-ON, 77. The king-fisher. See Halcyon.
AL CY-0-NlTE, n A fossil zoophite, somewhat resembling
a fungus. J of Science,
AL-CY-5'NI-UM, n. The name of a submarine plant.
Also, a kind of astroit orcoral.
AL'DER, n. [L. almis.] A tree, usually growing in moist
" land, and belonging to the genus alnus.
t AL-DER-LIeV'EST, a. Most beloved. Sliok.
ALD'ER-MANj plu. Aldermen, ?<.. [Sax. aid or eald, old,
'" comp. alder, older, and man.'] 1. Among our Saxon an-
cestors, a senior or superior. The title was applied to
princes, dukes, earls, senators, bishops, &c. 2. In pres-
ent usage, a magistrate or officer of a town corporate, next
in rank below the mayor.
t AL-DER-MAN'I-TY, 71. The behavior and manners of an
alderman. The society of aldermen.
AL'DER-MAN-LY, a. Pertaining to, or like an alderman.
" Sioift.
AL'DERN, a. Made of alder.
Ale, 71. [Sax. eala, eale, or aloth.] 1. A liquor made from
an infusion of malt by fermentation. It differs from beer,
in having a smaller proportion of hops. 2. A merry
meeting in English country places, so called from the
liquor drank. Ben Jonson.
aLE'-BENCH, n. A bench in or before an ale house.
aLE'-BER-RY, n. A beverage, made by boiling ale with
spice, sugar, and sops of bread.
aLE'-BREW-ER, 71. One whose occupation is to brew ale.
aLE'-€GN-NER, 71, [ale and con.] An officer in London,
whose business is to inspect the measures used in public
houses, to prevent frauds in selling liquors.
aLE'-€OST, n. Costraary, a plant.
aLE'-FED, a. Fed with ale. Stafford
aLE'-GAR, 71, [ale, and Fr. aigre, sour,] Sour ale; the
acid of ale,
aLE'-HOOF, n. [D. eiloof.] Ground-ivy.
aLE'-HOUSE, 71. A house where ale is retailed.
aLE'-HOUSE-KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps an ale-house.
aLE'-KNIGHT (ale'nite) 71. a pot companion. Chaucer.
aLH-SHOT, 71. A reckoning to be paid for ale.
aLE -SIL-VER. 71. A duty paid to the lord mayor of Lon-
don, by the sellers of ale within the city.
^LE -STAKE, 71. A stake set as a sign before an ale-house,
Chaucer.
AliE -TaST-ER, n. An officer appointed to inspect ale,
beer and bread. Cowel.
aLB-VAT, n. A vat in which ale is fermented.
aLE'-WASHED, a. Steeped in ale.
aLE'-WIFE, n. A woman who keeps an ale-house.
ALE'WIFE, or A'LOOF, n. [This word is properly aloof,
the Indian name of a fish.] An American fish, resembling
the herring. The established pronunciation is alewife,
plu aleioives.
A-LEC-TRY-OM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. aXsKTpvwv and fiav-
T£ia.] An ancient practice of forete ling events by means
of a cock.
A-LEE', adv. In seamen''s language, on the side opposite
to the wind, that is, opposite to the side on which it
AL'E-GAR, 71. Sour ale ; acid made of ale.
t AL'E-6ER, a. [Fr. ; Sp. alegre ; 'L.alacer.] Gay; cheer
ful; sprightly. Bacon.
t A-LEGGE', V t. To lighten ; to lessen ; to assuage.
A-LEMB'DAR, n. A certain officer in Turkey.
A-LEM'B1€, n. [Ar.] A chemical vessel used in distillation ;
usually made of glass or copper.
A-LENGTH', adv. At full length ; along ; stretched at fuU
length. Chaucer.
A-LEP'I-DOTE, n. [Gr. a and XtTTtf.] Any fish whose skin
is not covered with scales.
A-LERT', a. [Fr. alerte ; Sp. alcrto.] 1. Watchful ; vigi-
lant ; active in vigilance. Hence the military phrase,
upon the alert, upcm the watch. 2. Brisk; nimble; mov-
ing with celerity. Spectator.
A-LEilT'NESS, n. Briskness ; nimbleness ; sprightliness ;
levity. Addison.
A-LEU-ROM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. a'X£V(>ov and jxavTeia.} A
kind of divination by meal.
A-LEU'TIAN, ) a. Designating certain isles in the Pacific
A-LEu'TI€, ) ocean, eastward of Kamtschatka.
AL-EX-AN'DEBS, n. The name of a plant,
AL-EX-aN'DER'S FOOT, n. The name of a plant.
AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Alexandria.
AL-EX-AN'DRiNE, or AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, n. A kind of
verse, consisting of twelve syllables, or of twelve and
thirteen alternately.
A-LEX-I-PHAR'MI€, or A-LEX-I-PHAR'MI-€AL, a. [Gr
a\e^(x) and (papj-iaKov.] Expelling poison ; antidotal ; sudo-
rific ; that has the quality of expelling poison or infection
by sweat.
A-LEX-l-PnAR'MI€, n. A medicine that is intended to
obviate the efiiects of poison ; an antidote to poison or in-
fection.
A-LEX-I-TER'I€, A-LEX-I-TE'RI-AL, or A-LEX-I-TER'-
I-€AL, a. [Gr. aXe^u) and StiXrjrripiov.'] Resisting poison ;
obviating the effects of venom.
A-LEX-I-TER'I€, n. A medicine to resist the effects of
poison, nearly synonymous with alexipharmic.
AL'GA, n. [L.] Sea-weed.
AL'GA-ROT, or AL'GA-ROTH, n. The name of an emetic
powder.
•j- AL'GaTES, adv. On any terms ; every way.
AL'GE-BRA, n. [Ar.] The science of quantity in general,
or universal arithmetic. Algebra is a general method of
computation, in which signs and symbols, which are com-
monly the letters of the alphabet, are made to represent
numbers and quantities. It takes an unknown quantity
sought, as if granted ; and, by means of one or more
quantities given, proceeds till the quantity supposed is
discovered, by some other known quantity to which it is
equal.
AL-6E-BRa'I€, ) a. Pertaining to algebra ; containmg
AL- GE-BR a'I-€ AL, ) an operation of algebra, or deduced
from suchoperation.
AL-GE-BRa'IST, 71. One who is versed in the science of
algebra.
AL'GE-NEB, 71. A star of the second magnitude.
AL-GE-RINE', n. A native of Algiers.
AL-GE-RiNE', a. Belonging to Algiers
t AL'GID, a. [L. algidus.] Cold.
{ IlIiD-NeS, I «• C^"'^»^«« 5 cold.
t AL-GIF'I€, a. Producing cold.
AL'GOL, 71. A fixed star of the third magnitude.
AL'GOR, 71. [Lat.] Among physicians, an unusual coldness
in any part of the body.
AL'GO-RITHM, or AL'GO-RISM, n. An Arabic term, sig-
nifying numerical computation, or the six operations of
arithmetic.
t AL-GoSE', a. Extremely cold.
AL'GOUS, a. [Ij. alga.] Pertaining to sea-weed ; abound-
ing with, or like sea-weed.
AL-GUA-ZlL', (al-gwa-zeeU) n. [Sp.] An inferior officer of
justice.
AL-HEN'NA, 71. SeeALKENNA.
a'LI-AS, [L.] Otherwise; as in this example— Simson,
alias Smith ; a word used in judicial proceedings.
a'LI-AS, 71. A second writ, or execution, issued when the
first has failed to enforce the judgment.
AL'I-Bl, 71. [L.] Elsewhere ; in another place ; a law term.
When a person is charged with an offense, and he proves
that he could not have committed it, because he was, at
the time, in another place, he is said to prove an alibi.
t AL'I-BLE, a. Nutritive ; nourishing.
AL'IEN, (ale'-yen) a. [L. alienus.] 1. Foreign ; not
belonging to the same country, land or government.
* See Synopsis. A, K, T, 0, XJ, "9 long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— ' IN, MAEiNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
ALK
25
ALL
2. Belonging to one who is not a citizen. 3. Estranged ;
foreign ; not allied ; adverse to.
AL lEN, (ale'yen) n. A foreigner ; one bom in, or belong-
ing to, another country ; one who is not entitled to the
privileges of a citizen.
AL'TEN, (ale'yen) 1 v. t. [L. alieno.] 1. To transfer
AL-iENE', (ale-yeen') \ title or property to another ; to
sell. 2. To estrange ; to make averee or indifferent. —
In this sense, it is more common to use alienate.
aL-IEN-A-BIL'1-TY, (ale'yen-a-Ml'e-te) n. The capacity
of being alienated or transferred. Burke.
AL'IEN-A-BLE, (ale'yen-a-bl) a. That may be sold, or
transferred to another.
aL'IEN-A6E, (ale'yen-aje) n. The state of being an alien.
Story.
aL'IEN-ATE, (ale'yen-ate) v. t. [L. alieno.] 1. To trans-
fer title, property or right to another. 2. To estrange ; to
withdraw, as the affections ; to make indifferent or averse,
where lovft or friendship before subsisted.
AL'IEN-ATE, a. [L. alienatus.] Estranged ; withdrawn
from ; strangei to.
t aL'IEN-ATE, 71. A stranger ; an alien
AL-IEN-A'TION, (ale yen-a'shun) n. [L. alicnatio.] 1.
A transfer of title ; oi a legal conveyance of property to
another. 2. The statt" of being alienated. 3. A with-
drawing or estrangeme n. 4. Delirium ; derangement of
mental faculties ; insan 'y. Hooker.
AL'IEN-A-TOR, n. One tl.at alienates or transfers property.
Warton.
AL-IEN-EE', 71. One to whom the title to property is trans-
ferred. Blackstone.
AL'IEN-ISM, n. Alienage. JV. Y. Reports.
A-LlFE', adv. On my life. Shak.
A-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ala and /ero.] Having wings.
AL'I-FORM, a. [L. ala and forma.'] Having the shape of
a wing.
A-LI6'ER-0US, a. [L. ala and gero.] Having wings.
A-LIGGE'. See Alegge.
A-LlGHT', (a-lite') v. i. [Sax. alihtan.] 1. To get down or
descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage. 2. To
descend and settle. 3. To fall or descend and lodge. '
A-LiKE', a. [Sax. gelic] Having resemblance or simili-
tude ; similar.
A-LiKE', adv. In the same manner, form or degree.
A-LlKE'-MlND-ED, a. Having the same mind.
AL'I-MENT, 71. [L. alimentum.] That which nourishes ;
food ; nutriment.
AL-l-MENT'AL, a. Supplying food ; that has the quality
of nomishing.
AL-I-JVIENT'AL-LY, adv. So as to serve for nourishment
or food.
AL-I-MENT'A-RI-NESS, n. The quality of supplying nu-
triment.
AL-I-MENT A-RY, a. Pertaining to aliment or food ; hav-
ing the quality of nourishing.
AL-I-MENT -A 'TION, n. 1 . The act or power of affording
nutrirnent. 2. The state of being nourished. Johnson.
AL-I-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Nourishmg ; affording food. [Little
used.]
ALT-MO-NY, n. [L. alimonia.] An allowance made for the
support of a woman, legally separated from her husband.
Blackstone.
AL'I-PED, a. [L. aZa and pes.] Wing-footed ; having the
toes connected by a membrane, which serves as a wing.
A L'l-PED, 7^. An animal whose toes are connected by a
membrane, and which thus serve for wings ; a cheiropter ;
as the bat. Dumeril.
AL'I-Q,UANT, a. [L. aliquantum.] In arithmetic, an ali-
quant number or part is that which does not measure
another number without a remainder. Thus 5 is an ali-
quant part of 16.
AL'I-QUOT, a. [L.] An aliquot part of a number or quan-
tity is one which will measure it without a remainder.
Thus 5 is an aliquot part of 15.
A'LISH, a. Like ale ; having the qualities of ale.
t AL'I-TURE, 71. Nourishment.
A-LlVE', a. [Sa.x.gelifiav.] 1. Having life, in opposition
to dead ; living. 2. In a state of action ; unextinguish-
ed ; undestroyed •, unexpired ; in force or operation. 3.
Cheerful ; sprightly ; lively ; full of alacrity. 4. Suscep-
tible ; easily impressed ; having lively feelings.
AL'KA-HEST, n. [At.] A universal dissolvent ; a men-
struum capable of dissolvine; every body.
AL-KA-LES'CEN-CY, n. A tendency to become alkaline 5
or a tendency to the properties of an alkali. Ure.
AL-KA-LES'CENT, a. Tending to the properties of an al-
kali ; slightly alkaline.
*ALKA-Lt,7i. ,• phi. Alkalies. [Ar.] In chemiMni, a term
applied to all bodies which possess the following proper-
ties : 1. a caustic taste ; 2. being volatilizable by beat ; 3.
capability of combining with acids, and of destroying their
acidity •, 4. solubility in water, even when combined with
carbonic acid ; 5. capability of converting vegetable blues
to green. Thomson.
AL'KA-LI-F5^, V. t. To form, or to convert into an alkali-
AL'KA-LI-F?^, V. i. To become an alkali.
AL-KA-Ll6'E-NOUS, a. [alkali, and Or. yevvaw.] Produc-
ing or generating alkali.
AL-KA-LIM'E-TER, 71. [alkali, and Gr. uerpov.] An in
strument for ascertaining the strength of alkalies. Ure
AL'KA-LINE, a. Having the properties of alkali.
AL-KA-LIN'I-TY n. The quality which constitutes an al-
kali. Thomson.
AL-Ka'LI-OUS, a. Having the qualities of alkali. Kinnier
f AL'KA-LI-ZATE, a. Alkaline ; impregnated with alkali.
Boyle.
t AL'KA-LI-ZATE, v. t. To make bodies alkaline.
AL-KAL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of rendering alkaline by
impregnating with an alkali.
AL'KA-LIZE, V. t. To make alkaline ; to communicate the
properties of an alkali to, by mixture.
AL'KA-NET, 7?. The plant bugloss.
AL-KE-KEN'6l,7i. The winter cherry.
AL-KENNA, or AL-HEN'NA, n. Egyptian privet
AL-KERMES, n. [Ar.] In pharmacy, a compound cor-
dial, derived from the kermes berries.
AL-KER'VA, 71. An Arabic name of the palma Christi.
Qvmcy.
AL'KO-RAN, 71. [Ar. al, the, and koran, book. The
Book, by way of eminence, as we say, the Bible.] The
book which contains the Mohammedan doctrines of faith
and practice.
AL-KO-RAN'ISH, a. Relating to the Alkoran.
AL'KO-RAN-IST, n. One who adheres strictly to the lettei
of the Alkoran, rejecting all comments. The Persians are
generally Alkoranists ; the Turks, Arabs, and Tartars ad-
mit a multitude of traditions.
AL-KUS'SA, n. A fish of the silurus kind.
ALL, (awl) a. [Sax. eal ; Dan. al ; G. all ; Sw. all.] 1. Ev-
ery one, or the whole number of particulars. 2. The
whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or de-
gree.
ALL, adv. Wholly ; completely ; entirely.
ALL, n. 1. The whole number. 2. The whole •, the en
"tire thing; the aggregate amount. This adjective is
much used as a noun, and applied to persons or things. —
.dll in all is a phrase which signifies, all things to a per-
son, or every thing desired. — ^t all is a phrase much used
by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative
or interrogative sentences. He has no ambition at all ;
that is, not in the least degree. — Ml, in composition, en-
larges the meaning, or adds force to a word ; and it is
generally more empbatical than most. In some instan-
ces, all is incorporated into words, as in almighty, al-
ready, always ; but in most instances, it is an adjective
prefixed to other words, but separated by a hyphen.
ALL-ABAN'DONED, a. Abandoned by all.
ALL-AB-HOR'RED, a. Detested by all. Shak.
ALL-Ae-€OM'PLISHED, a. Fully accomplished ; whose
" education is highly finished.
ALL-AD-MIR'ING, a. Wholly admiring. Shak.
ALL-AD-VlS'ED, a. Advised by all. Warhurton.
ALL-AP-PRoVED, a. Approved by all. More.
ALL-A-ToN'ING, a. Atoning for all. Dryden.
ALL-BEaR'ING, a. Producing every thing ; omniparous
ALL-BEAU'TE-OUS, a. Perfectly beautiful. Pope.
ALL-BE-HoLD'ING, a. Beholding all things.
ALL-BLAST'ING, a. Blasting all ; defaming or destroying
all. Mnrston.
ALL-BOUN'TE-OUS, ) a. Perfectly bountiful ; of infinite
ALL-BOUN'Tl-FUL, \ bounty.
ALL-CHaNG'ING, a. Perpetually changing. Shak.
ALL-CHEER'ING, a. That cheers all ; that gives gayety
"or cheerfulness to all. Shak.
ALL-€OM-MAND'ING, a. Having command or sovereign-
"" ty over all. Raleigh.
ALL-€OM-PLY'ING, a. Complying in every respect.
ALL-€OM-PoS'lNG, a. That makes all tranquil or peace-
ful. Crashain.
ALL-€OM-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. Comprehending all things.
Olanville. _
ALL-€ON-CeAL'ING, a. Hiding or concealing all.
ALL-€ON'aUER-INfr, a. That subdues all. Milton.
ALL-CON serous, a. Conscious of all ; all-knowing.
ALL-€ON-STRaIN ING, a. Constraining all. Drayton.
ALL-CON-SuM ING, a. That consumes or devours all.
ALL-DaR'ING, a. Daring to attempt every thing. Jonson.
ALL-DE-STROY'ING, a. Destroying every thing. Fan
sham.
ALL-DEV'AS-TA-TING, a. Wasting every thing.
ALL-DE-VOUR'TNG, a. Eating or consuming all. Pope
ALL-DIM'MING, a. Obscuring every thing. Marston.
ALTi-DIS-€6V'ER-ING, a. Discovering or disclosing eveiy
" thing. More.
ALL-DTS-GRA'CED, a. Completely disgraced. Shak.
ALL-DIS-PENS'ING, a. Dispensing all things ; affording
dispensation or pennission. Milton.
ALL-Dl-ViNE', a. Supremely excellent. Howell.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE •— BI.'LL, UXfTE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in thin
Obsolete
ALL
26
ALL-DI-VIN'ING, a. Foretelling all things. Fanshaw
ALL-DREAD'ED, a. Dreaded by all. Shak.
ALL-EF-FI"CIENT, a. Of perfect or unlimited efficacy or
ettieiency.
ALI^ EL'O-aUENT, a. Eloquent in the highest degree.
ALL-EM-BPiA'ClNG, a. Embracing all things. Crashaw.
ALL-END'ING, a. Putting an end to all things. Shak.
ALL-EN-LlGHT'EN-lNG, a. Enlightening all things.
ALL-EN-Ra GKD, a. Highly enraged. Hall.
ALL-FLa MING, a. Flaming in all directions. Beaumont.
ALL-F50LS'DAY, 71. The first of April.
ALL-FOR-GIV ING, a. Forgiving or pardoning all.
ALL-FoURS, n. A game at cards, played by two or four
persons. — To go on all fours is to move or walk on four
legs, or on the two legs and two arms.
ALL-GIV!ER, 71. The Giver of all things. Milton.
ALL-GOOD', a. Completely good. Dryden.
ALL-G66D', 71. The name of the plant good-Henry.
ALL-GRa'CIOUS, a. Perfectly gracious.
ALL-GUlD'ING, a. Guiding or conducting all things.
4LL-Ha1L', excl. [all, and Sax. heel, health.] All health ; a
phrase of salutation, expressing a wish of all health or
safety to the person addressed.
ALL-HAL'LOW, ) n. All Saints' day, the first of Novem-
ALL-HAL'LOWS, ) ber ; a feast dedicated to all the
saints in general.
ALL-HAL'LOW-TIDE, 71. The time near All Saints, or
November first.
ALL-HAP'PY, a. Completely happy.
ALL-HeAL', n. The popular name of several plants.
ALL-HeAL'ING, a. Healing all things. Selden.
ALL-HELP'ING, a. Assisting all. Selden.
ALL-HiD'ING, a. Concealing all things. Shak.
ALL-HON'ORED, a. Honored by all. Shak.
ALL-HURT'_ING, a. Hurting all things. Shak.
ALL-i'DOL-I-ZFNG, a. Worshiping everything. Crashaw.
ALL-IM't-TA-TING, a. Imitating every thing. More.
ALL-IN-FORM'ING, a. Actuating all by vital powers.
ALL-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Interesting in the highest de-
gree.
ALL-IN-TER'PRET-ING,a. Explaining all things. Milton.
ALL-JUDG'TNG, a. Judging all possessing the sovereign
" right of judging. Rome.
ALL-JUST', a. Perfectly just.
ALL-KiND', a. Perfectly kind or benevolent.
ALL-KNoW'ING, a. Having all knowledge ; omniscient.
Atterbury.
ALL-Ll'CENSED, a. Licensed to every thing. Shak.
ALL-LqV'ING, a. Of infinite love. More.
4LL-Ma'KING, a. Making or creating all ; omnific.
Drvden,
ALL-\IA-TuR'ING, a. Maturing all things. Dryden.
ALL MER'CI-FUL, a. Of perfect mercy or compassion.
ALL-MUR'DER-ING, a. Killing or destroying every thing.
ALL-O-BE'Dt-ENT, a. Entirely obedient. Crashaxo.
ALL-0-REY'ING, a. Receiving obedience from all.
ALT^-OB-LIV'I-OQS, a. Causing total oblivion. Shak.
ALL-OB-S€CR'ING, a. Obscuring every thing. King.
ALL-Pa'TIENT, a. Enduring every thing without mur-
"murs.
ALT^PEN'E-TRA-TING, a. Penetratmg every thing.
ALL-PER'FE€T, a. Completely perfect.
ALL-PER'FE€T-NESS, 71. The perfection of the whole 5
entire perfection. More,
ALL-PIE R'CING, a. Piercing every thing. Marston.
ALL-POW'ER-FUL, a. Almighty ; omnipotent. Swi/i.
ALI^PRaIS'ED, a. Praised by all. Shak.
ALL-RtJL'ING, a. Governing all things. Milton.
ALL-SA-Ga'CIOUS, a. Having all sagacity ; of perfect dis-
cernment.
ALL-SaINTS'-DAY, 71. The first day of November, called
" also all-hallnws ; a feast in honor of all the saints.
ALL-SANC'TI-F-f-ING, a. Sanctifying the whole. West.
ALL-SaV'ING, a. Saving all. Selden.
ALL-SEARCH'ING, a. Pervading and searching every
thing. South.
ALL-SEE'ING, a. Seeing every thing. Dryden.
ALL-SEER', 71. One that sees everv thing. Shah.
ALL-SHaK'ING, a. Shaking all things. Shak.
ALL-SHUN'NED, a. Shunned by all. Shak.
ALL-SoULS'-DAY, n. The second day of November ; a
"feast or solemnity held by the church of Rome, to suppli-
cate forthe souls of the faithful deceased.
ALL'-SPiCE, 72. The berry of the pimento.
ALL-STJF-FX"CIEN-CY, n. Complete or infinite ability.
ALL-SUF-Fl"CIENT, a. Sufficient to every thing •, infinite-
"ly able. Hooker.
ALL-SUF-Fi"CIENT, n. The all-sufficient Being ; God.
ALL-SUR-ROUNIVING, a. Encompassing the whole.
ALL-SUR-VEY'ING, n. Surveying every thhig.
ALL-SUS-TaIN'ING, a. Upholding all things.
ALL-TELL'ING, a. Telling or divulging every thing.
ALL-TRiUMPH-ING, a. Triumphant every where or
" over all. Jonson.
ALL
ALL-WATCH'ED, a. Watched throughout. Shak.
ALL- WISE', a. Possessed of infinite wisdom. South.
ALL-WIT'TED, a. Having all kinds of wit. Jonson.
ALL-W6R'SHIPED, a. Worshiped or adored by all.
ALL-W6R'THY, a. Of infinite worth; of the highest
" worth.
AL'LA-GITE, n. A mineral.
AL'LAN-ITE, n. A mineral. A siliceous oxyd of cerium
AL-LAN-TOIS', or AL-LAN-TOID', n. [Gr. aWas and
eiSos.] A thin membrane, situated between the chorion
and amnios in quadrupeds.
t AL'LA-TRATE, v. t. [L. allatro.] To bark, as a dog.
AL-LaY', v. t. [Sax. alecgan, alegan.] 1. To make quiet ;
to pacify, or appease. 2. To abate, mitigate, subdue, or
destroy. 3. To obtund or repress as acrimony. 4. For-
merly, to reduce the purity of ; as, to allay metals. But,
in this sense, alloy is now exclusively used. See Alloy!
ALLaY', n. 1. Formerly J a baser metal mixed with a
finer ; but, in this sense, it is now written alloy, which see.
2. That which allays, or abates the predominant qualities.
JVewton.
AL-LAY'ED, (al-lade') pp. Layed at rest ; quieted ; tran -
quilized ; abated ; [reduced by mixture. Obs.']
AL-LAY'ER, 71. He, or that, which allays.
AL-LaY'ING, ppr. Quieting ; reducing to tranquillity ;
abathig ; [reducing by mixture. Obs.'\
AL-LaY'MENT, n. The act of quieting ; a state of rest af-
ter disturbance ; abatement ; ease. Shak.
AL'LE, (al'ly) n. The little auk, or black and white diver.
t AL-LECT', V. t. To entice. Huloet's Diet.
t AL-LE€T-A'TION, n. Allurement ; enticement. Coles.
t AL-LECT IVE, a. Alluring. Chaucer.
t AL-LE€T'IVE, n. Allurement. Eliot.
AL-LEDGE , (al-ledj') v. t. [L. allego.} 1. To declare ; to
affirm ; to assert ; to pronounce with positiveness. 2.
To produce as an argument, plea, or excuse ; to cite or
quote.
t AL-LED6E'A-BLE, a. That may be alledged. Brown.
AL-LED6'ED, (al-ledjd') pp. Affirmed ; asserted, whether
as a charge or a plea.
t AL-LEDGE'MENT, 71. Allegation.
AL-LED6 ER, n. One who affirms or declares.
AL-LEDfrING, ppr. Asserting ; averring ; declaring.
AL-LE-Ga'TION, 71. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion or
declaration. 2. That which is aff.rmed or asserted ; that
which is offered as a plea, excuse, or justification. — 3. In
ecclesiastical courts, declaration of charges.
AL-LE6E'. See Alledge.
AL-Le'6E-AS, or AL-LE'6l-AS, n. A stuff manufactured
in the East Indies.
fAL-LEGE^MENT, 71. Allegation.
AL-LE-GHa'NE-AN, a. Pertaining to the mountains call-
ed Alleghany, or Allegheiiny.
AL-LE-GHa'NY, 71. The chief ridge of the great chains of
mountains which run from N. E. to S. W. through the
Middle and Southern States of North America.
AL-Le'GI-ANCE, 71. [old Fr., from L. a^ZiVo.] The tie or
obligation of a subject to his prince or government ; the
duty of fidelity to a king, government, or state.
fAL-LE'Gl-ANT, a. Loyal. Shak.
AL-LE-GOR'I€, \ a. In the manner of allegory ; figura-
AL-LE-GOR'I-CAL, S live.
AL-LE-GOR'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a figurative manner ; by
way of allegory.
AL-LE-GOR'I-€AL-NESS, 71. The quality of being allegori-
cal.
AL'LE-GO-RIST, n. One who teaches in an allegorical man-
ner. Whiston.
AL'LE-GO-RiZE, v. t. 1. To form an allegory ; to turn in-
to allegory. 2. To understand in an allegorical sense.
AL'LE-GO-RiZE, v. i. To use allegory.
AL'LE-GO-RiZED, pp. Turned into allegory.
AL'LE-GO-Rl-ZING, ppr. Turning into allegory, or un-
derstanding in an allegorical sense.
AL'LE-GO-RY, 71. [Gr. aWyjyopia.'j A figurative sentence
or discourse, in which the principal subject is described
by another subject resembling it in its properties and cir-
cumstances. The principal subject is thus kept out of
view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writ-
er or speaker, by the resemblance of the secondary to the
primary subject. Allegory is in words what hieroglyph-
ics are in painting. We have a fine example of an alle-
gory in die eightieth psalm.
AL-LE-GRET'TO, [from allegro,] denotes, in music, a
movement or time quicker than andante, but not so quick
as allecrro. Busby.
AL-Le'GRO. \ It. merry, cheerful.] In trmsjc, a word de-
noting a brisk movement ; a sprightly part or strain.
AL-LE-LtJ'IAH, n. [Heb Hi ^hbn.] Praise to Jehovah ; a
word used to denote pious joy and exultation, chiefly in
hymns and anthems.
AL-LE-MAND', n. A slow air in common time, or grave,
solemn music, with a slow movement. Also a brisk dance
S« Synopsis. A, E, T, 5, U, ^, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY -—PIN, MARiNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
ALL
27
ALL
AL-LE-MAN'N[€, a. Belonging to the Memanni, ancient
Germans, and to Alemannia, their country.
AL-LERION, n. In heraldry^ an eagle without beak or
feet, with expanded wings.
AL-LE-VEfjR', n. A small Swedish coin.
AL-Le'VI-ATE, v. t. [Low L. allevio.] 1. To make light ;
but always in a figurative sense. To remove in part ; to
lessen •, to mitigate ; applied to evils ; as, to alleviate sor-
row^ 2. To make less by representation ; to extenuate
AL-Le'VI-A-TED, pp. Made lighter ', mitigated ; eased v
extenuated.
AL-Le'VI-A-TING, ppr. Making lighter, or more tolera-
ble ; extenuating.
AL-LE-VI-aTIOxV, n. 1. The act of lightening, allaying,
or extenuating ; a lessening, or mitigation. 2. Tliat which
lessens, mitigates, or makes more tolerable.
■f AL-Le'VI-A-TiVE, ?!. That which mitigates.
AL'LEY, (al'ly) n. [Fr. allee.] 1. A walk in a garden ; a
narrow passage. 2. A narrow passage or way in a city,
as distinct from a public street.
AL-LI-a'CEOUS, a. [L. allium.] Pertaining to allium, or
garlic. Barton.
AL-Ll'ANCE, n. [Fr. alliance.] 1. The relation or union
between families, contracted by marriage. 2. The union
between nations, contracted by compact, treaty, or league.
3. The treaty, league, or compact, wliich is the instru-
ment of confederacy. 4. Auy union or connection of in-
terests between persons, families, states, or corporations.
5. The persons or parties allied. .Addison.
t AL-LT'ANT, n. An ally. Wotton.
AL-Ll"CrEN-CY, n. [lu. allicio.] The power of attracting
any thing ; attraction ; magnetism. Qlanville. {Little
used.]
t AL-Li"CIENT, n. That which "ttracts.
AL-LI'ED, (al-lide') pp. Connected by marriage, treaty, or
similitude.
AL'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. alligu.] To tie together ; to unite
by some tie.
AL-LI-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of tying together. [Little
uised.] 2. A rule of arithmetic, for finding the price or
value of compounds consisting of ingredients of different
values.
AL-LI-Ga'TOR, n. [Sp. lagarto.] The American crocodile.
AL-LI-Ga'TOR-PEaR, n. A West India fruit.
AL-LIG'A-TURE, n. See Ligature, which is the word in
use.
AL-LlNE'MENT, n. [Fr. alignement.] A reducing to a
line, or to a square ; a line ; a row. Asiat. Res.
AL'LI-OTH, n. A star in the tail of the great bear.
AL-LIS'ION, (al-lizh'un) n. ['L.aUido.] A striking against.
Wood?nard.
AL-LIT-ER-A'TION, n. [L. ad and liter a.] The repeti-
tion of the same letter at the beginning of two or more
words immediately succeeding each other, or at short in-
tervals.
AL-LIT'ER-A-TiVE, a. Pertaining to, or consisting in, al-
literation.
AL-LO-€a'TION, n. ['L.ada.nd locatio.] The act of putting
one thing to another ; hence its usual sense is the admis-
sion of an article of account, or an allowance made upon
an account ; a term used in the English exchequei .
AL'L0-€HR0-ITE, n. An amorphous, massive, opake min-
eral, found in Norway.
AL-LO-€u'TION, n. [L. allocutio.] 1. The act or manner
of speaking to. 2. An address ; a formal address. .Addi-
son. [Rarely used.]
AL-Lo'DI-AL, a. Pertaining to allodium ; held independ-
ent of a lord paramount ; opposed to feudal.
AL-Lo'DI-AN is sometimes used, but not authorized.
AL-LoDI-UM, n. [Fr. alien.] Freehold estate ; land which
is the absolute property of the owner ; real estate held in
absolute independence, without being subject to any rent,
service, or acknowledgment to a superior It is thus op-
posed to feud. In England, there is no allodial land, all
land being held of the king ; but in the United States,
most lands are allodial.
AL-LoNGE', (al-lunj') n. [Fr. allonger.] 1. A pass with
a sword ; a thrust made by stepping forward and extend-
ing the arm ; a term used in fencing, often contracted into
lunge. 2. A long rein, when a horse is trotted in the hand.
Johnson.
AL-LOO , v.t. or i. To incite dogs by a call. See Hal-
loo.
AL'LO-PHAIN'E, n [Gr. aWos.] A mineral.
f AL'LO-dUY, 71 Address; conversation.
AL-LOT', V. t. [ci ad and lot.] 1. To divide or distribute
by lot. 2 To distribute, or parcel out in parts or por-
tions ; or lo distribute a share to each individual concern-
ed. 3. To grant, as a portion ; to give, assign, or appoint
In general.
AL-LOT'MENT, n 1. That which is allotted ; a share,
part, or portion granted or distributed •, that which is as-
signed by lot. 2. A part, portion, or place appropriated.
AL-LOT'TED, pp. Distributed by lot ; granted ; assigned.
AL-LOT'TER-Y ia used by Shakspeare for allotment, bul
is not authorized by usage.
AL-LOT'TING, ppr. Distributing by lot ; giving as por-
tions ; assigning.
AL-LOW, V. t. [Fr. allouer.] I. To grant, give, or yield
2. To admit ; to own or acknowledge. 3. To approve,
justify, or sanction. 4. To afford, or grant as a Ck »npen-
sation. 5. To abate or deduct. 6. To pern^'t ; to grant
license to.
AL-LOVV'A-BLE, a. That may bd permitted as lawful, or
admitted as true and propt' ; not forbid ; not unlawful oi
improper.
AL-LOW A-BLE-NESS, n The quality of being allowable ;
lawfulness.
AL-LOW' A-BLY, adv. In an allowable manner.
AL-LOW ANCE, 71. 1. The act of allowmg. 2. Permission ;
license ; approbation ; sanction ; usually slight approba-
tion. 3. Admission •, assent to a fact or state of things • a
granting. 4. Freedom from restraint ; indulgence. 5.
That which is allowed •, a portion appointed ; a stated
quantity, as of food or drink ; hence, in seamen's lan-
guage, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provis-
ions" fall sl.ort. 6. Abatement ; deduction. 7, Establish-
ed charac+cr ; reputation. [Obs.] Shak.
AL-LOW'ANCE, v. t. To put upon allowance ; to restrain
or limit to a certain quantity of provisions or drink.
AL-LOW'ED, (al-lowd') pp. Granted ; permitted : assented
to ; admitted ; approved ; indulged ; appointed ; abated.
AL-LOW'ER, n. One that approves or authorizes.
AL-LOW'ING, ppr. Granting ; permitting ; admitting ; ap-
proving ; indulging ; deducting.
AL-LOY', V. t. [Fr. allier.] 1. To reduce the purity of a
metal, by mixing with it a portion of one less valuable.
2. To mix metals. Lavoisier. 3. To reduce or abate by
mixture.
AL-LOY', n. 1. A baser metal mixed with a finer. 2. The
mixture of different metals ; any metallic compound. 3.
Evil mixed with good.
AL-LOY'AGE, n. [Fr. alliage.] 1. The act of alloying met-
als, or the mixture of a baser metal with a finer, to reduce
Its purity •, the act of mixing metals. 2. The mixture of
different metals. Lavoisier.
AL-LOY'ED, (al-loyd') pp. Mixed ; reduced in purity ; de-
based ; abated by foreign mixture.
AL-LOY'ING, ppr. Mixing a baser metal with a finer, tt«
reduce its purity.
ALL'SPlCE. See under the compounds of aZL
ALLS, n. All one's goods. A vulgarism.
fAL-LU-BES'CEN-CY, n. Willingness ; content.
AL-LtJDE', V. i. [L. alludo.] To refer to something not di
rectly mentioned ; to have reference ; lo hint at by re
mote suggestions.
AL-LuD'ING, ppr. Having reference , hinting at.
AL-LtJ'MI-NOR, 11. [Fr. allumer.] One who colors or paints
upon paper or parchment, giving l^glit and ornament to
letters and figures. This is now written limner.
AL-LtJRE', V. t. [Fr. leurrer.] To attempt to draw to ; to
tempt by the ofter of some good, real or apparent ; to in-
vite by something flattering or acceptable.
f AL-LuRE , n. Now written lure.
AL-LuR'ED, (al-lurd') pp. Tempted ; drawn, or invited,
by something that appears desirable.
AL-LuRE'MENT, n. That which allures ; any real or ap-
parent good held forth, or operating, as a motive to action ;
temptation ; enticement.
AL-LuR'ER, n. He, or that, which allures.
AL-LuR'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing : tempting ; inviting by
some real or apparent good. 2. a. Inviting ; having the
quality of attracting or tempting.
AL-LuR'ING-LY, adv. In an alluring manner 5 enticingly
AL-LtJR'ING-NESS, n. The quality of alluring.
AL-LtJ'SION, (al-lu'-zhun)7i. [Fr.,frnm alhisio, Low h.] A
reference to something not explicitly mentioned ; a hint ;
a suggestion.
AL-Ltf'StVE, a. Having reference to something not fully
expressed.
AL-LU'STVE-LY, adv. By way of allusion.
AL-LtT'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being allusive.
AL-Lti'SO-RY, a. Allusive ; insinuating. Heath.
AL-LU'VI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to alluvion ; added I'o land
by the wash of water. 2. Washed ashore or down a
stream ; formed by a current of water Kincan.
AL-Lu'VI-ON, In. [L. alluvia.] 1. The insensible in-
AL-LtJ'VI-UM, \ crease of earth on a shore, or bark Df a
river, by the force of water, as by a current or by waves
2. A gradual washing or carrying of earth or other sub-
stances to a shore or bank 5 the earth thus added. 3. The
mass of substances collected by means of the action of
water. Buckland.
AL-LtJ'VI-OUS, a. The same as alluvial, and less frequent-
ly used.
AL-L"?', V. t. [Fr. allier.] I. To unite, or form a relation,
as between fiimilies by marriage, or between princes and
states by treaty, league, or confederacy. 2. To form a
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; fP t(S P-TI ; Til a?= in fhi.^. t Obsolete
ALO
28
ALT
1 elation by similitude, resemblance, or friendship. — J^ote.
This w ^xh is more generally used in the passive form, as,
families are allied by blood ; or reciprocally, as, princes
ally themselves to powerful states.
AL-I.T , n. 1. A prince or state united by treaty or league ;
a conf-^ derate. 2, One relateu oy marriage or other tie.
AI^Ly iNG, ppr. Uniting by marriage or treaty
AlVMA-€ '^N-TAR. See Almucantar.
A.L'MA-DiE, n. A bark canoe used by the Africans ; also, a
long boat used at Calicjt, in India.
AL-'MA-6EST, ?i. [aZ,andGr- ^tytCTT?;.] A bopk or collec-
tion of problems in astronrmy and geometry.
AL-Ma'GRA, 71. A fine, deep red ochre.
AL'MA-NAC, 71. [Ar.] A small book or table, containing
'" a calendar of days, weeks, and months, with the times of
the rising of the sun and moon, changes of the moon,
eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches,
stated terms of courts, observations on the weather, &c.,
for the year ensuing.
AL'MA-NAC-MA-KER, n. A maker of almanacs
AL'MAN-DIXE, n. [Fr.] Precious garnet.
AL'ME, or AL'MA, n. Girls in Egypt, whose occupation is
to amuse company with singing and dancing.
AL-MeNA, 71. A weight of two pounds.
AL-MlGHT I-NESS, n. Omnipotence ; infinite or bound-
" less power ; an attribute of Oud only.
AL-MiGOT'Y, a. Possessing all power: omnipotent; be-
'■ ing of unlhnited might ; being of boundless sufficiency.
AL-MlGHT'Y, n. The omnipotent God.
*AL'MOND, (it is popularly pronounced a'?ft072<f,) 71. [Fr.
amande.] 1. The fruit of the almond tree. 2. The ton-
sils, two glands near the basis of the tongue, are called
almonds, from their resemblance to that nut. — 3. In Por-
tugal, a measure by which wine is sold. — 4 Among
lapidaries, almonds are pieces of rocky crystal, used in
adorning branch candlesticks.
AL'MOND-FUR'NACE, among refiners, is a furnace in
which the slags of litharge, left in refining silver, are re-
duced to lead, by the help of charcoal.
AL'MOND-TREE, n. The tree which produces the almond.
AL'MOND-VVIL'LOW, ti. A kind of tree.
AL'MON-ER, 77. An officer whose duty is to distribute char-
ity or alms. The grand ahnoner, in France, is the first
ecclesiastical dignitary, and has the superintendence of
hospitals,
AL'MON-RY, 71. [corrupted into ambry, aumbry, or aum-
ery.'l The place where the almoner resides, or where the
alms are distributed.
* AL-MOST', adv. Nearly ; veil nigh ; for the greatest part,
ALMS, (amz) n. [Sax. alm.es.] Any thing given gratuitous-
ly to reli'^ve the poor, as money, food, or clothing.
ALMS' ^AS-KET, )
ALMS'-BOX, > 71. Vessels appropriated to receive alms.
ALMS -CHEST, )
ALMfe'-DEED, 7i. An act of charity ; a charitable gift.
■(• ALMS'-FOLK, n. Persons supporting others by allms.
ALMS'-GIV-ER, n. One who gives to the poor.
ALMS'-GIV-ING, n. The bestowment of charity,
ALMS'-HOUSE, n. A house appropriated for the use of the
poor, who are supported by the public,
ALMS'-IVIEN, ) n. Persons supported by charity or by
ALMS'-PeO-PLE, \ public provision,
AL'MU-€AN-TAR, n. [Ar.] A series of circles of the
sphere passing through the centre of the sun, or of a star,
parallel to the horizon.
AL MU-€AN-TAR'S STAFF. An instrument having an
arch of fifteen degrees, used to take observations of the
sun.
AL-MtJ'DE, n. A wine measure in Portugal.
AL'MUG, or AL'GUM, n. In Scripture, a tree or wood,
about which the learned are not agreed.
AL'NAGE, 71. [Fr. aulnage.] A measuring by the ell.
AL'NA-GER, or AL'NA-GAR, 7i. A measurer by the ell.
AL'NIGHT, 71, A cake of wax with the wick in the midst.
Bacon.
AL'OE, (al'o) n. ; plu. Aloes, (al oze) [L, alo'i ; Gr, a\oT].']
In botany, a genus of monogynian hexanders, of many
species ; all natives of warm climates,
AL'OES, in medicine, is the inspissated juice of the aloe ; a
stimulating stomachic purgative.
AL'oES-WOOD, 77, See AoALLocHUM.
AL-0-ET'I€, or AL-0-ET'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to aloe or
aloes ; partaking of the qualities of aloes.
AL-0-ET'I€, 71. A medicine consisting chiefly of aloes.
A-LOFT', adv. 1, On high ; in the air ; high above the
ground, — 2, In scamen^s language, in the top ; at the
mast head ; or on the higher yards or rigging,
A-LOFT', prep. Above, Milton.
A-L0'6l-ANS, n. [Gr. a and \oyog.'j In church history, a
sect of ancient heretics, who denied Jesus Christ to be
the Logos.
AL'O-GO-TRO-PIIY, n. [Gr, a\oyog and rpo^v.] A dispro-
portionate nutrition of the parts of the body.
•f AL'O-GY, n [Gr. a and Aoyoj.] Unreasonableness ; ab-
surdity. Brown.
A-LoNE', a. [all and one ; Germ, allein ; D. alleen.] 1
Single ; solitary ; without the presence of another ; appli
ed to a person or thing. 2. It is applied to two or more
persons or things, when separate from others, in a place
or condition by themselves ; without company. 3. Only
A-LoNE', adv. Separately ; by itself.
t A-LoNE'LY, a. or adv. Only ; merely ; singly.
t A-LoNE'NESS, n. That state which belongs to no other
Montague.
A-LONG', adv. [Sax. and-lang, or ond-lang.] 1. By the
length ; lengthwise ; in a Une with the length. 2. On-
ward ; in a line, or with a progressive motion.— ,/3ZZ along
signifies the whole length ; through the whole distance. —
Along with signifies in company ; joined with. — illong
side, in seamen's language, signifies side by side. — Along
shore is by the shore or coast, lengthwise, and near the
shore. Lying along is lying on the side, or pressed down
by the weight of sail,
t A-LONGST', adv. Along ; through, or by the length.
A-LOOF', adv. 1, At a distance, but within view, or at a
small distance, 2, Not concerned in a design ; declining
to take any share ; keeping at a distance from the point,
or matter in debate,
AL'O-PE-CY, 71. [Gr. aXwirr]^.'] A disease called the fox-
evil, or scurf, which is a falling ofi'of the hair.
A-Lo'SA, 77. A fish of passage, called the shad.
A-LOUD', adv. Loudly ; with a loud voice,
t A-LoW, adv. In a low place.
ALP, ALPS, 71. [qu. Gr. a\(pos ; L. albus."] A high moun
tain. The name, it is supposed, was originally given to
mountains whose tops were covered with snow.
AL-PAG'NA, 77. An animal of Peru.
AL'PHA, 71. [Heb. f|l'?N.] The first letter in the Greek al-
phabet, answering to A, and used to denote ^rst, or be-
ginning. As a numeral, it stands for 07ie.
AL'PHA-BET, n. [Gr. a\(pa and /^Tjra.] The letters of a
language arranged in the customary order.
AL'PHA-BET, v. t. To arrange in the order of an alphabet ;
to form an alphabet in a book, or designate the leaves by
the letters of the alphabet,
AL-PHA-BET-A'RI-AN, n. A learner while in the A, B, C.
AL-PHA-BET'I€, } a. In the order of an alphabet, or
AL-PHA-BET'I-€AL, jl in the order of the letters as cus-
tomarily arranged.
AL-PHA-BET'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an alphabetical man-
ner : in the customary order of the letters.
AL-PHe'NIX, 71. White barley sugar, used for colds.
AL'PHEST, 71. A small fish.
AL-PHON'SIN, n. A surgical instrument for extracting
bullets from wounds.
AL-PHON'SIN Ta'BLES. Astronomical tables made by
Alphonsus, king of Arragon. Bailey.
AL'PHUS, 71, [Gr, aX^os.] That species of leprosy called
vitiligo.
*AL'P1NE, a, [L. alpinus.] 1. Pertaining to the Alps, or to
any lofty mountain ; very high ; elevated. 2. Growing
on high mountains.
* AL'PiNE, 77. A kind of strawberry growing on lofty hills.
AL'PIST, or AL'PIA, n. The seed of the fox-taD.
AL'Q,UIER, n. A measure in Portugal.
AL'aUI-FOUj 7!. A sort of lead ore,
AL-READ'Y, (all-red'-e) adv. Literally, a state of complete
"preparation; but, by an easy deflection, the sense is, at
this time, or, at a specified time.
t ALS, adv. Also ; likewise. Spenser.
A'L'SO, adv. [all and so ; Sax. eal and swa.] Likewise ,
" in like manner. <
ALT, or AL TO, a. [It.] In music, a term applied to high
notes in the scale.
AL-Ta'I€, or AL-Ta'IAN, a. [Tart, alatau.] Pertaining
to the Altai.
AL'TAR, n. [L. altare.] 1. A mount ; a table, or elevated
"place, on which sacrifi^ces were anciently ofiered to some
deity, 2, In modern churches, the communion table ,
and, figuratively, a church ; a place of worship,
AL'TAR-CLOTH, n. A cloth to lay upon an altar in
'" churches.
AL'TAR-PIeCE, 71. A painting placed over the altar in a
church. Warton.
AL'TAR-WISE, adv. Placed in the manner of an altar.
Howell.
AL'TAR-A6E, 71, The profits arising to priests from obla-
" tions,
AL'TAR-IST, ) 77, In old laws, the priest to whom the
AL'TAR-THANE, \ altarage belonged ; also, a chaplain
AL'TER, t;, f, [Fr. alterer , 1,. alter.] ], To make some
" change in ; to make different in some particular ; to vary
in some degree, without an entire change. 2. To change
entirely or materially,
AL'TER, V. i. To become 'n some respects, different ; to
"vary.
* See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, V, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ; PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete.
ALT
^I/TER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being susceptible
* of alteration.
AL'TEE,-A-BLE, a. That may become different ; that may
"vary.
i^L'TER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of admitting alter-
"ation ; variableness.
AL'TER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that may be altered, or
"varied.
^L'TER-A6E, n. rfromL. aZo.] The breeding, nourishing
* or fostering of a child. [JVot an English word.]
AL'TER-ANT, a. Altering ; gradually changing.
AL'TER-ANT, n. A medicine which gradually corrects
the state of the body ; an alterative.
AL-TER-A'TION, n. [L. altcratio.] The act of making
" different, or of varying in some particular , an altering, or
partial change.
AL'TER-A-Ti VE, a. Causing alteration ; having the power
"to alter.
A.L'TER-A-TlVE, n. A medicine which gradually induces
" a change in the habit or constitution, and restores healthy
functions.
AL'TER-€ATE, v. i. [L. altercor.] To contend in words ;
to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger ; to wrangle.
AL-TER-€a'TION, n. [L. altercatio.] Warm contention
in words ; dispute carried on with heat or anger ; contro-
versy 5 wrangle.
AL'TERN, a. [L. alternus.] Acting by turns ; one suc-
ceeding another ; alternate, which is the word generally
used.
AL'TER-NA-CY, n. Performance or actions by turns.
[Little iLsed.]
AL-TERN'AL, a. Alternative. [Little used.]
AL-TERN'AL-LY, adtJ. By turns. May. [Little used.]
AL-TERN'ATE, a. [L,. alternatus.} Being by turns ; one
following the other m succession of time or place ; hence,
reciprocal.
AL-TERN'ATE, n. That which happens by turns with
something else ; vicissitude. Prior.
* AL'TERN- ATE, v. t. [L. alterno.] To perform by turns,
or in succession ; to cause to succeed by turns ; to change
one thing for another reciprocally.
* AL'TERN-ATE, v.i. 1. To happen or to act by turns. 2.
To follow reciprocally in place.
AL-TERN'ATE-LY, adv. In reciprocal succession ; by
turns, so that each is succeeded by that which it succeeds,
as night follows day, and day follows night.
AL-TERN'ATE-NESS, n. The quality of being alternate,
or of following in succession.
AL'TERN-A-TING, ppr. Performing or following by turns.
AL-TERN-a'TION, n. 1. The reciprocal succession of
things in time or place ; the act of following and being
followed in succession. 2. The different changes, or al-
tera 'ions of orders, in numbers. 3. The answer of tiie
congregation speaking alternately with the minister. 4.
Alternate performance, in the choral sense.
AL-TERN'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. alternatif.] Offering a choice
of two things.
AL-TERN'A-TiVE, n. That which may be chosen or
omitted ; a choice of two things, so that if one is taken,
the other must be left.
AL-TERN'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In the manner of alterna-
tives ; in a manner that admits the choice of one out of
two things.
AL-TERN'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of bemg
alternative.
AL-TERN'I-TY, n. Succession by turns ; alternation.
AL-THE'A, n. [Gr. aXOaia.] In botany, a genus of polyan-
drian monadelphs, of several species 5 called in English
marsh-mallow.
AL-THoUGH', ^all-tho') ohs. verb, or used only in the
imperative ; (commonly classed, though less correctly,
among conjunctions.) [all and though ; Sax. thah, or
theah ; Ir. daighim. See Though.] Grant all this ; be it
so ; allow all ; suppose that ; admit all that ; as, " al-
though the fig-tree shall not blossom." Hab. iii. That is,
grant, admit, or suppose what follows—" the fig-tree shall
not blossom."
t AL'TI-GRADE, n. Rising on high.
AL-TIL'0-aUENCE, n. [L. altus and loquor, loquens.]
Lofty speech ; pompous language.
AL-TIM'E-TER, n. [L. altus, and Gr. ixerpov.] An instru-
ment for taking altitudes by geometrical principles.
AL-TIM'E-TRY, n. The art of ascertaining altitudes bv
means of a proper instrument.
AL'TIN, 71. A money of account in Russia, value 3 kopecks.
AL-TIN'€AR, n. A species of factitious salt or powder.
AL-TIS'O-NANT, ) a. [L. altus and sojians.] High-sound-
AL-TIS'0-NOUS, \ ing, lofty, or pompous.
Aij'TI-TUDE, n. [L. altitudo.] 1. Space extended up-
ward ; the elevation of an object above its foundation ;
the elevation of an object or place above the surface on
which we stand, or above the earth. 2. The elevation
of a point, a star, or other object above the horizon. 3.
Figuratively, high degree •, highest point of excellence.
29 AMA
AL-T1"V'0-LANT, a. [L. altus and volans.l Flyinc; himi
AL'TO. [It., from L. altus.] High.
AL'TO-0€-Ta'VO. [It.] An octave higher.
AL'TO-RE-LIK'VO. [It.] High relief, in sculpture, is the
projection of a figure half or more, without being entirely
detached. Cy^c.
AL'TO-RI-PIE'NO. [It.] The tenor of the great chorus.
AL'TO-VI-0-LA. [It.J A small tenor viol.
AL'TO-YI-O-Ll'NO. [It.l A small tenor violin.
AL-TO-GETH'ER, adv. Wholly ; entirely ; completely ;
without exception.
AL'U-DEL, n. In chemistry, aludels are earthen pots with-
out bottoms.
AL'UM, n [L alumen ] A mineral salt, of great use in
medicine and the arts It is a triple sulphate of alumina
and potassa.
AL'UMED, a. Mixed with alum. Barret.
AL'UM-EARTH, n. A massive mineral
A-LtJ^MI-NA ( "' "^^ earth, or earthy substance.
A-LtJ'MIN-I-FORM, a. Having thft form of alumina
AL'U-MIN-lTE, 71. Subsulphate of alumina, a niinera..
A-Lu'MI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to alum or alumina.
A-Lu'MI-NUM, 71. Tlie name given to the supposed metal-
lic base of alumina.
AL UM-ISH, a. Having the nature of alum ; somewhat re-
sembling alum.
AL UM-SLATE, n. A mineral of two species, common ana
glossy.
AL'UM-STONE, n. The siliceous subsulphate of alumina
and potash. Cleaveland.
A-Lu'TA, 71. [L.] A species of leather-stone.
AL-U-Ta TION, n. [L. aluta.] The tanning of leather.
AL'VE-A-RY, n. [L. alvearium.] The hollow of the ex
ternal ear, or bottom of the concha.
AL'VE-O-LAR,, } a. [L. alveolus.] Containing sockets
AL'VE-0-LA-RY, j hollow cells, or pits ; pertaining to
sockets.
AL'VE-O-LATE, a. [L. alveolatus.] Deeply pitted, so as
to resemble a honey-comb.
AL'VE-OLE, or AL'VE-0-LUS, n. [L. dim. of alveus.] 1.
A cell in a bee-hive, or in a fossil. 2. The socket in the
jaw, in which a tooth is fixed. 3. A sea fossil.
AL'VE-0-LITE, n. [L. alveolus, and Gr. XiQas-] In natu-
ral history, a kind of stony polypiers.
AL'VINE, a. [from alvus, the l«lly.j Belonging to the
belly or intestmes. Darwin.
AL-WAR'GRIM, n. The spotted plover.
AL'WAY, ) adv. 1. Perpetually ; throughout all time
AL'WAYS, I 2. Continually ; without variation. 3. Con-
'" tinually or constantly during a certain period, or regular
ly at stated intervals. 4. At all convenient times ; regu
larly. .Blway is now seldom used.
A. M. stand for artimn magister, master of arts, the second
degree given by universities and colleges ; called, in some
countries, doctor of philosophy. — A. M. stand also for
anno mundi, in the year of tiie world.
AM, the first person of the ve rb to be, in the indicative
mode, present tense [Sax. eom ; Gr. eijxi ; Goth, im ;
Pers. ajii.]
A'MA, or Ha'MA, n. [D. aam.] A vessel to contain wine
for the eucharist •, a wine measure.
AM-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. [L. ajnabilis.] Loveliness ; the power
of pleasing. Taylor,
A-MAD'A-VAD, n. A small, curious bird.
AM-A-DET'TO, 71. A sort of pear.
A-MAD'0-GAD£, 71. A small, beautiful bird in Peru
AM'A-DOT, 71. A sort of pear. Johnson.
AM'A-DOU, n. A variety of the boletus igniarius. This Is
written also amadow, and called black match, and pxfro
technical spunge, on account of its inflammability.
A-MaIN', adv. [Sax. a and mcegn.] With force, strength,
or violence ; violently ; furiously ; suddenly ; at once.
A-MAL'GAM, n. [Gr. fiaXayfia.] 1. A mixture of mercu-
ry or quicksilver with another metal. 2. A mixture cr
compound of different things.
A-MAL'GA-MATE, v.t. 1. To mix quicksilver with another
metal. Gregory uses amalgamize. 2. To mix different
things ; to make a compound ; to unite.
A-MAL GA-MATE, v. i. To mix or unite in an amalgam ;
to blend.
A- MAL'GA-MA-TED, pp. Mixed with quicksilver ; blend-
ed.
A-MAL'GA-MA-TING, ppr. Mixing quicksilver with ano-
ther metal ; compoujiding.
A-MAL-GA-Ma'TION, 71. 1. The act or operation of mix-
ing mercury with another metal. 2. The mixing or
blending of different things.
f A-MAL'GAME, v. t. To mix metals by amalgamation
Chaucer.
t A-MAND', v. t. To send one away. Cockeram.
t AM-AN-Da'TION, n. Sending on a message.
AM'A-LOZK, n. A large aquatic fowl of Mexico.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this. + Obsolete
AMB
30
AMB
A-MAN'DO-LA, n. A green marble.
A-MAN-U-EN'SIS, n. [L. from maiius.] A person whose
employment is to write what another dictates.
AM'A-RANTH, or AM-A-RANTH'US, n. [Gr. aiiapavros.']
F'ower-geiitle ; a genus of plants, of many species,
AM'A-RANTH, n. A color inclining to purple.
AiM-A-RANTH INE, a. Belonging to amaranth ; consist-
ing of, containing, or resembling amaranth.
A-MAR'1-TUD£, n. [L. amariiudo ] Bitterness. [JSTot
Vllich tiSBu,
f A-MARULENCE, n Bitterness.
1 A-MAR^r-LENT, a. Bitter.
AM-A-R\ L'LIS, 71. In botany, .ily-daffodil.
A-MASS', V. t. [Ft, amasser.] 1. To collect into a heap ;
to gather a great quantity ; to accumulate. 2. To collect
in great numbers ; to add many things together.
A-MASS', n. An assemblage, heap, or accumulation. [This
is superseded by inass.]
A-MASS'ED, (a-masf) pp. Collected in a heap, or in a great
quantity or number ; accuumlated.
A-MaSS'1NG, ppr. Collecting in a heap, or in a large quan-
tity or number.
A-MASS'MENT, n. A heap collected ; an accumulation.
■f A-MaTE', v. i. To accompany ; also, to terrify, to per-
plex.
AM-A-TEuR', n. [Fr.] A person attached to a particular
pursuit, study, or science, as to music or painting ; one
who has a taste for the arts. Burke.
t AM-A-TOR'€U-LIST, n. An insignificant lover.
AM-A-TO'RI-AL, AM-A-To'Rl-OUS, or AM'A-TO-RY, a.
[L ajnatorius.] 1. Relating to love ; causing love ; pro-
duced by sexual intercourse. — 2. In anatomy, a term ap-
plied tq_the oblique muscles of the eye.
AM-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In an amatorial manner.
AM-AU-RO'SIS, n. [Gr. afiaupoj.] A loss or decay of sight,
without any visible defect in the eye, except an immova-
ble pupil ; called also gutta serena.
A-MaZE', v. t. To confound with fear, sudden sui-prise, or
wonder ; to astonish.
A-MaZE', 71. Astonishment ; confus/nn ; perplexity, aris-
ing from fear or wonder. It is chiefly used in poetry,
and is nearly synonymous with amazement.
A-MaZ'ED, (a-mazd') pp. Astonished ; confounded with
fear, surprise, or wonder.
A-MaZ'ED-LY, adv. ^Vith amazement ; in a manner to
confound. [Little used.]
A-MAZ'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded with
fear, surprise, or wonder ; astonishment ; great wonder.
A-jMaZE'MENT, 71. Astonishment ; confusion or perplex-
ity, from a sudden impression of fear, surprise, or won-
derj
A-MaZ'ING, ppr. 1. Confounding with fear, surprise, or
wonder. 2. a. Very wonderful ; exciting astonishment
or perplexity.
A-MAZ'fNG-LY, adv. In an astonishing degree.
AM A-ZON, 71. [Gr. « and //a^o?.] 1. The Amazons are
said, by historians, to have been'a race of female warriors,
who founded an empire on the river Thermodon, in Asia
Minor._ 2. A warlike or m isculine woman ; a virago.
AM-A-Zo'NI-AN, a. I. Pertaming to or resembling an Am-
azon. Applied to females, \)o\A ; of masculine manners ;
warlike. 2. Belonging to the river Amazon or Maranon,
in South America, or to Amazonia.
AMB, AM. About ; around •, used in composition. [Sax.
emh, ymb ; W. am ; Gr. aix(pL ; L. am or amb.]
AM-Ba'GES, 71. [L. amb and ago.] 1. A circumlocution ;
a circuit of words to express ideas which may be ex-
pressed in fewer words. 2. A winding or turning,
AM-Ba'GJ-OUS, a. Circumlocutory ; perplexed ; tedious.
f AM-BAS-SaDE', 71. Embassy. Skak.
A?iI-BAS'SA-DOR, n. [This is the more common orthogra
phy ; but good authors write a\so embassador ; and, as the
orthography of embassy is established, it would be better
to write embassador. See Embassador.]
AM-BAS'SA-DRESS, n. The wife of an ambassador.
AM'BE, or AM'BI, n. [Gr. aju/???.] Literally, a brim •, but in
surgery, an instrument for reducing dislocated shoulders.
Also tlie mango tree.
•■^M'BER, 71. [Fr, ambre ; Sp, am.bar.] A hard, semi-pellu-
cid substance, tasteless, and without smell, except when
pounded or heated, when it emits a fragrant odor. It is
found in alluvial soils, or on the sea shore, in many
places ; particularly on the shores of the Baltic, in Europe,
and at Cape Sable, in Maryland, in the United States.
AM BER, a. Consisting of, or resembling amber.
AM'BER, V. t. To scent with amber.
AM'BER-nRINK, n. A drink resembling amber in color.
AM'BER-DROP-PING, a. I>;opping amber. Milton.
AMBER-SEED, n. Musk-seed, resembling millet.
AM'BER-TREE, n. The English name of a species of an-
thuspermum, a shrub.
AM'BER-GRIS, n. [amber, and Fr. g:is.] A solid, opake
ash-colored, inflammable substance, variegated like mar
ble, remarkably light, rugged on its surface, and highly
valued as a material in perfumery.
AM-BI-DEX-TER, n. [L. ambo and dexter.] 1. A person
who uses both hands with equal facility, 2. A double
dealer ; one equally ready to act on either side in party
disputes. — 3. In law, a juror who takes money of both
parties, for giving his verdict ; an embracer.
AM-BI-DEX-TER'I-TY, or AM-BI-D£X'TROUS-NESS, n.
The faculty of using both hands with equal facility
double dealing ; the taking of money from both parties
for a verdict.
AM-BI-DEX'TROUS, a. Having the faculty of using both
hands with equal ease ; practicing or siding with both
parties
AM'BI-ENT, a. [L. amblens.] Surrounding ; encompassing
on all sides ; investing.
AM-BIG'E-NAL, a. [L. ambo and geyiu.] An ambigenal
hyperbola is one of the triple hyperbolas of the second
order, having one of its infinite legs falling within an an-
gle formed by the asymptotes, and the other without,
Afll'BE-GLT, n. 7\ji entertainment, or feast, consisting of a
medley of dishes. King.
AM-BI-Gu'I-TY, 71, [L. ambignitas.] Doubtfulness or un-
certainty of signification, from a word's being susceptible
of different meanings ; double meaning,
AM-BIG'U-OUS, a. [L, ambiguus.] Having two or more
meanings ; doubtful ; being of uncertain signification ;
susceptible of different interpretations,
AM-BIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In an ambiguous manner ; with
doubtful meaning.
AM-BIG'U-OLJS-NESS, n. The quality of being ambigu-
ous ; uncertainty of meaning ; ambiguity ; and, hence,
obscurity.
AM-BIL,'E-VOUS, a. [L. ambo and Imvus.] Left-handed ,
on both sides.
AM-BIL'0-GY, 77, [L, ambo, and Gr, \oyos.] Talk or lan-
guage of doubtful meaning,
AM-BIL'0-aUOUS, a. [L. ambo and loquor.] Using am-
biguous expressions.
AM'BIT, n. [L. ambitus.] The line that encompasses a
thing ; in geovietry, the perimeter of a figure. The pe-
riphery or circumference of a circular body.
AM-Bi"TION, 77. ['L. ambitio.] A desire of preferment or of
honor ; a desire of excellence or superiority. It is used
in a good sense ; as, emulation may spring from a lauda-
ble ambition. It denotes, also, an inordinate desire of
power or eminence, often accompanied with illegal
means to obtain the object,
AM-Bl"T10N, V. t. [Fr. ambitionner.] Ambitiously to seek
after. King. [Little used.]
AM-Bi"TIOUS, a. 1. Desirous of power, honor, office, su-
periority, or excellence ; aspiring ; eager for fame. 2
Showy ; adapted to command notice or praise. 3. Eager
to swell or riss higher.
AM-Bl"TIOUS-LY, adv. In an ambitious manner.
AM-Bi"TIOUS-NESS, ti. The quality of being ambitious.
AM'BLE, V. i. [Fr. ambler.] 1. To move with a certain
peculiar pace, as a horse, first lifting his two legs on one
side, and then changing to the other. 2. To move easy,
without hard shocks. 3. To move by direction, or to
move affectedly.
AM'BLE, 71. A peculiar pace of a horse.
AIM'BLER, 71. A horse wMch ambl«s ; a pace
AM'BLI-GON, or AM'BLY-GON, n. [Gr. a/^/SXus and
yMVLu.] An obtuse-angled triangle.
ABI-BLIG'O-NAL, a. Containing an obtuse angle,
AM'BLI-GO-NITE, n. [Gr. a|u/?At)ywvtoj.] A greenish-col
ored mineral.
AM'BLING, ppr. or a. Lifting the two legs on the same
side, at first going off, and then changing.
AM'BLING-LY, adv. With an ambling gait.
AM'BLY-0-PY, 71. [Gr, afxfS'Xvs and wif ,] Incipient amau-
rosis ; dullness or obscurity of sight,
AM'BO, 71, [Gr. a/i/Swv ,- L. umbo.] A reading desk, or pul-
pit.
AM-BRE-a'DA, n. A kind of factitious amber.
AM-BRo'SIA, (am-bro'-zha) n. [(Jr. a and /?porof.] 1. In
heathen antiquity, the imaginary food of the gods. 2.
Whatever is very pleasing to th'^ taste or smell.
AM-BRo'Sl-A€, a. Having the qualities of ambrosia.
AM-BRo'SIAL, (am-bro'-zhal) a. Partaking of the nature
or qualities of ambrosia ; fragrant ; delighting the taste
or smell. Ben Jonson uses ambrosiac in a like sense, and
Bailey has ambrosian, but these seem not to be warranted
by usage.
AM-BRo'SlAN, a. Pertaining to St. Ambrose.
AM'BRO-SIN, 71. In the middle ages, a coin stnick by the
dukes of Milan, on which St. Ambrose was represented
AM'BRY, 71. [contracted from Fr. aumonerie, almonry.] 1
An almonry ; a place where alms are deposited for (lis ■
tribution to the poor. 2. A place in which are deposited
See Synopsis. A E. I O. U. Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— \ Obsolete
AME
tiie utensils for house-keeping ; also a cupboard ; a place
for cold victuals.
AMBS-ACE', (amz-ase') n. [L. ambo, and ace^l A double
ace, as when two dice turn up the ace.
AM'BU-LANT, a. [L. amSwZans.] Walking ; moving from
place to place.
AM-BU-LA'TION, n. [L. ambulatio.] A walking about ;
the act of walking.
t AM'BU-LA-TlVE, a. V/alking.
AM'BU-LA-TOR, n. In entomotogy, a species of lamia.
Cyc.
AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. That has the power or faculty
of walking. 2. Pertaining to a walk. 3. Moving from
place to place ; not stationary.
AM'BLT-LA-TO-RY, 71. A species of ichneumon
AM'BU-RY, or AN'BCJ-RY, n. [qu. L. umbo ; Gr. au8o}v.']
Among farriers, a tumor or wart on a horse, full of blood.
♦ AM BUS-GADE, n. [Fr. embuscade.] 1. A lying in wait
for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. 2. A
private station in whicli troops lie concealed with a view
to attack their enemy by surprise ; ambush . Shakspeare
uses the word ambuscado.
AM'BUS-€ADE, v. t. To lie in wait for, or to attack from
a concealed position.
AM'BUS-€A-DED, pp. Having an ambush laid against, or
attacked from a private station.
AM'BUS-€A-DING, ppr. Lying in wait for ; attacking
from a secret station.
AM'BIJSH, n. [Fr. embUche.] 1. A private or concealed
station, where troops lie in wait to attack their enemy by
surprise. 2. The state of lying concealed, for the purpose
of attacking by surprise ; a lying in wait. 3. The
troops posted in a concealed place for attacking by sur-
prise.
AM'BUSH, V. t. To lie in wait for ; to surprise by assailing
unexpectedly from a concealed place.
AM'BUSH, V. i. To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking
by surprise. Trumbull.
AM'BUSHED, pp. Lain in wait for ; suddenly attacked
from a concealed station.
AM'BUSH-ING, ppr. Lying in wait for.
AM'BtJSH-MENT, 7U An ambush ; which see.
r AM-BUST', a. [L. ambustus.] Burnt ; scalded.
AM-BUS'TI0N,7i. [L.avibustio.] Aburning; aburn or scald.
A-MEI'VA, n. A species of lizard found in Brazil.
AM'EL, n. [Fr. email.] The matter with which metallic
bodies are overlaid ; but its use is superseded by enamel.
A-MeL'IO-RATE, v. t. [Fr. ameliorer.] To make better ;
to improve ; to meliorate. Christ. Obs. Buchanan.
A-MeL'IO-RATB, v. i. To grow better ; to meliorate.
A-MeL-IO-Ra'TION, n. A making or becoming better ;
improvement ; melioration.
* A-MEN'. This word, with slight differences of orthogra-
phy, is in all the dialects of the Assyrian stock. As a
verb, it signifies to confirm, establish, verify ; to trust, or
give confidence ; as a noun, truth, firmness, trust, confi-
dence ; as an adjective, firm, stable. In English, after
the oriental manner, it is used at the beginning, but more
generally at the end of declarations and prayers, in the
sense of, be it firm, be it established. The word is used
also as a noun. " All the promises of God are amen in
Christ ;" that is, firmness, stability, constancy.
A-Me'NA-BLE, a. [It. menare ; Fr. mcner.] Liable to an-
swer ; responsible ; answerable ; liable to be called to
account.
t AM'EN-AGE, v. t. To manage. Spenser.
t AM EN-ANCE, n. Conduct ; behavior. Spenser.
A-MEND', V. t. [Fr. amender ; L. emendo.] 1. To correct ;
to rectify by expunging a mistake. 2. To reform, by
quitting bad habits •, to make better in a moral sense. 3.
To con-ect ; to supply a defect ; to improve or make bet-
ter, by adding what is wanted, as well as by expunging
what is wrong.
A-MEND', V. i. To grow or become better, by reformation,
or rectifying something wrong in manners or morals.
A-MEND', n. [Fr.] A pecuniary punishment or fine.
The amende honorable, in France, is an infamous punish-
ment inflicted on traitors, parricides, and sacrilegious
persons. These words denote also a recantation in open
court, or in presence of the injured person.
A-MEND' A-BLE, a. That may be amended ; capable of
correction.
A-MEND' A-TO-RY, a. That amends ; supplying amend-
ment ; corrective.
A-MEND'ED, pp. Corrected ; rectified ; reformed ; improv-
ed, or altered for the better.
A-MEND'ER, n. The person that amends.
T A-MEND'FUL, a. Full of improvement.
A-MEND'ING, ppr. Conecting : reforming ; altering for
the better.
A-MEND'MENT, n. 1. An alteration or change for the bet-
ter ; reformatum of life. 2. A word, clause, or paragraph,
added or proposed to be added to a bill before a legislature.
— 3. In law, the correction of an error in a writ or process.
31 AMM
A-MENDS', n. plu. [Fr. amende.] Compensation for an id
jury : recompense ; satisfaction ; equivalent.
A-MEN'I-TY, M. [L amcenitas ;FT.a77ienite.] Pleasantness
agreeableness of situation ; that which delignts the eye
AM'ENT, 71. [L. amentum.] In botany, a species of inflo-
rescence^from a common, chaffy receptacle.
A-MEN-Ta'CEOUS, a. Growing in an ament ; resembling
a thong.
t A-MEN'TY, n. [Fr. amentie.] Madness.
A-MERCE', (a-mers') v. t. [a for on, or at, and Fr. merci,]
1. To inflict a penalty at mercy ; to punish by a pecunia-
ry penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but
left to the discretion or mercy of the court. 2. To inflict
a pecun%ry penalty •, to punish in general.
A-MERCE'A-BLE, a. Liable to amercement.
A-MER'CED, (a-merst')pp. Fined at the discretion of a court
A-MERCE'M£N1', (a-mers'-ment) n. A pecuniary penalty
inflicted on an offender at the discretion of the court.
A-MER'CER, n. One who sets a fine at discretion upon an
offender.
t A-MER'CIA-MENT, n. Amercement. Selden.
A-MER'I-€A, n. [from Amerigo Vespucci.] One of the
great continents.
A-MER'I-€AN, a. Pertaining to America.
A-MER'I-€AN, n. A native of America ; originally applied
to the aboriginals, or copper-colored races, found here by
the Europeans ; but now applied to the descendants of
Europeans born in America.
A-MER'I-€AN-ISM, n. An American idiom •, the love
which American citizens liave for their own country.
A-MER'I-€AN-lZE, v. t. To. render American ; to natu-
ralize in America.
A-MER'I-CIM, n. A species of lizard.
AM'ESS, 71. A ^riest"s vestment. See AiircE.
t AM-E-THOD'I-€AL, a. Out of method : irregular.
t A-METH'O-DIST, n. A quack.
AM'E-THYST, n. [L. amethystus.] A sub-species of
quartz, of a violet blue color, of different degrees of in-
tensity. It is wrought into various articles of jewelry.
AM'E-THYST, in heraldry, signifies a purple color.
AM-E-THYST'INE, a. Pertaining to or resembling amethyst
AM'I-A, n. A genus of fish in Carolina.
A'MI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. amiable ; L. amabilis.] 1. Lovely ;
worthy of love •, deserving of affection 5 applied usually
to persons. 2. Pretending or showing love. Shak.
A'MI-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving love ;
loveliness.
A'MI-A-BLY, adv. In an amiable manner ; in a manner
to excite or attract love.
AM'I-ANTH, > 71. [Gt. ajuavTog.] Earth-flax, or moun-
AM-I-ANTH'US, ) tain flax ; a mineral substance, some-
what resembling flax.
AM-I-ANTH'I-FORM, a. Having the form or likeness of
amianth.
AM-I-ANTH'IN-lTE, n. A species of amorphous mineral,
a variety of actinolite.
AM-I-ANTH'OID, 71. [amianth, and Gr. £t8os.] A mineral
wJiich occurs in tufts, composed of long capillary fila-
ments, flexible and very elastic.
AM-I-ANTH'OID, a Resembling amianth in form.
AM'I-€A-BLE, a. [L,. amicabilis.] 1. Friendly; peace-
able ; harmonious in social or mutual transactions. 2
Disposed to peace and friendship.
AM'I-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being peaceable or
friendly •, friendliness.
AM'I-€A-BLY, adv. In a friendlv manner.
fA-MI'CAL, a. Friendly. fF. Watson.
AM'ICE, 71. [L. amictus.] A square linen cloth that a Cath-
olic priest ties about his neck, hanging down behind un-
der the alb, when he officiates at mass.
A-MID', I prep, [a, and Sax. 7/iirf<^.J 1. In the midst or
A-MIDST', \ middle. 2. Among ; mingled with. 3.
Surrounded, encompassed, or enveloped with. Amid is
used mostly in poetry.
A-MID'-SHIPS. In marine language, the middle of a ship
with regard to her length and breadth.
AM'I-LOT, n. A white fish in the Mexican lakes.
AMISS', a. 1. Wrong ; faulty ; out of order ; improper
2. adv. In a faulty manner ; contrary to propriety, truth^
law, or morality.
t A-MISS', 71. Culpability ; fault. Shak.
t A-MISS'ION, n. Loss. More.
t A-MIT', V. t. To lose. Brown.
AM'I-TY, n. [Fr. amitii.] Friendship, in a general sense,
between individuals, societies, or nations ; harmony-
good understanding.
AM'MA, 71. [Heb. DN.] 1. An abbess, or spiritual moth
er. 2. A girdle er truss used in ruptures. [Gr. a/u/^a. J
AM'MAN, n. [G amtmavn ; D. amptman.] In some Euro-
pean nations, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes
In France, a notary.
AM'MTTE, or HAM'MTTE, n. [Gr. a////of.] A sand-stone
or free-stone, of a pale-brown color.
eSynopsis MOVE BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE •,— € as K ; G as J • S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoleU
AMO 32
AM'MO-CETE, n. An obsolete name of the ammorfj/te. In
Cuvier, the name of a genus of fish.
AM'MO-€HRYSE, n. [Gr. ajujuoj and XF"""?-] -^ yellow,
soft stone , found in Germany.
AX MO-DYTE, 71. [Gr. au//oj and 6vo).\ The sand eel, a
genus of fish of the apodal order.
AM-MO'NI-A, or AM'MO-NY, n. Volatile alkali ; a sub-
stance, which, in its purest form, exists in a state of gas.
AM-MO'NI-A€, o*- AM-MO-Nl'A-€AL, a. Pertaining to
ammonia, or pi ssessing its properties.
AM-Mo'NI-A€, or AM-Mo'ISI-AG GUM, n. A gum resin,
from Afr ica and the East.
AM-MC' JNII-AN, a. Relating to Ammonias, surnamed Sac-
cas, of Al'^xandria, the founder of the eclectic system of
philosophy.
AM MO-JNiTE, 7t. [cornu ammonis, from Jupiter Jlmmon.']
Serpent-stone, or cornu ammonis, a fossil shell, curved
into a spiral form, like a ram's horn.
AM-M6'NI-UM, ?i. A name given to the supposed metallic
basis of ammonia.
AM-i\IO-NT'U-RET, n. The solution of a substance in am-
monia. Ed, Encyc.
AM-MU-Nl"TION, n. [L. ad and munitio.] Military stores,
or provisions for attack or defense. In mudem usage,
the signification is confined to the articles which are used
in the discharge of fire-arms and ordnance of all kinds ;
as powder, balls, bombs, various kinds of shot, &c. — jS/ra-
munition-bread, bread, or other provisions to supply troops.
AM'NES-TY, n. [Gr. ajuvjycma.] An act of oblivion ; a
general pardcn of the offenses of subjects against the gov-
ernment, or the proclamation of sucn pardon,
t AM-N1€'0-LIST, n. One who dwells near a river.
AM-NIG'E-NOU?, a. Born of a river.
AM'NI-OS, or A M'NI-ON, n. [Gr. aixviov.] The innermost
membrane su .rounding tlie fetus in the womb.
AM-Nl-OT'I€, a. Obtained from the liquor of the amnios.
AM-O-Be'AN, a. Alternately answering. JVarton.
AM-0-Be'UM, n. [Gr. aiioi(3aios.] A poem in which per-
sons are represented as speaking alternately
t AM-0-Ll''TION, 71. A removal ; a putting away. Bp.
Ward.
A-Mo'MUM, 71. [Gr. a^w/iov.] A genus of plants, all na-
tives of warm climates, and remarkable for their pungen-
cy and aromatic properties. — True amomum is a round
fruit, from the East, of the size of a grape.
A-M6NG', (a-mung') ) p?-ej?. [Sax. onmang, ongcmang.']
A-M6NGST', (a-mungsf) \ 1. In a general or primitive
sense, mixed or mingled with. 2. Conjoined or associated
with, or making part of the number. 3. Of the number.
A-Mo'NI-AN, a. [from. Jlmmon or HAmmon.] Pertaining to
Jupiter Ammon, or to his temple and worship in Upper
Egypt.
AM-O-RA'DOp 71. [L. amor.] A lover. See Inamorato,
wliich is chiefly used.
A-Mo'RE, n. A name given, by Marcgrave, to a tribe of
fish, ofjhree species, the pizuma, guacu, and tinga.
AM-0-Re'ANS, 71. A sect of Gemaric doctors or commen-
tators on the Jerusalem Talmud.
AM-O-RET', n. [L. amor ; Fr. amourette.] A lover ; an am-
orous woman ; also, a love-knot, or a trifling love afl^air.
Chaucer.
AM'O-RIST, 71. [L. amor.} A lover ; a gallant ; an inamo-
rato. Boyle.
t A-MORN'INGS, adv. In the mornings.
AM-0-Ro'SA, 71. j^It.J A wanton woman.
■ ■" ' ■ lover-, a man enamored.
imoreux.] 1. Inclined to love ; hav-
ing a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment ; loving ;
fond. 2. In love ; enamored. Shak. 3. Pertaining or
relating to love ; produced by love ; indicating love.
Milton. Waller.
AM'0-ROUS-LY, adv. In an amorous manner.
AM'O-ROUS-NESS, n. The quality of being inclined to
love, or to sexual pleasure ; fondness.
A-MORPH'A, 71. [Gr. a and nop(pri.] False or bastard indi
go, a native plant of Carolina.
A-MORPH'OUS, a. [Gr. a and jJiofxpv.] Having no deter-
minate form 5 of irregular shape.
A-MORPH'Y, 7J. Irregularity of form ; deviation from a de-
terminate shape. Swift.
A-MOR'l ', adv. [L. mors, mortuus.] In the state of the
dead. Shak.
A-M0R-iI-Za'TI0N, or A-MORT'IZE-MENT, 71. The
act or right of alienating lands or tenements to a corpora-
tion.
A-MORT'lZE, V. t. [Norm, amortiier.j In English law,
to alienate in mortmain, that is, to sell to a corporation,
sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal, and their
sucj;essors. 7'his was considered as selling to dead hands.
A-MO'TION, 71. [L. amotio.] Pv.emovai Warton.
A-MOUNT', V. i. [Fr. monter.] 1. To rise to or reach, by
an accumulation of particulars into an aggregate whole 3
to compose :n the whole. 2. To rise, reach, or extend
Afti-U-K,0'C5/i., n. I ll.J A
AM-O-RO'SO, 71. Jit.] A
AM'O-ROUS, a. [Fr. amo
AMP
to, in effect, or substance ; to result in, by consequence
when all things are considered.
A-MOUNT', 71. 1. The sum total of two or more particula.,
sums or quantities. 2. The effect, substance, or result ^
the sum.
A-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Rising to, by accumulation or addi
tion ; resulting, in effect or substance.
A-MOUR', 71. [Fr.] An unlawful connection in love ; a
love intrigue ; an affah- of gallantry.
t A-M5V'AL, n. [L. amoveo.] Total removal.
I A-MoVE', V. t. [L. amoveoi] To remove. Hall.
AM'PEL-ITE, 71. [Gr. ajuTrcXoj.J Cannel coal, or candle
coal, an inflammable substance.
AM-PHIB'I-AL, or AM-PHIB'I-A, n. [Gr. a/^^i and /Stoj.'
In zoology, amphibials are a class of animals, so formeS
as to live on land, and for a long time under water.
AM-PHIBT-O-LlTE, n. [Gr. an^ifiios and At0oj.] A frag-
ment of a petrified amphibious animal.
AM-PHIB-I-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to amphibiology
Aftl-PHIB-I-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. afx^i, jSios, and \oyos.] A
discourse or treatise on amphibious animals, or the histo-
ry and description of such animals.
AM-PHIB'I-CUS, a. 1. Having the power of living in two
elements, air and water. 2. Of a mixed nature ; partak-
ing of two natures.
AM-PHIB'I-OUS-NESS, n The qxiality of being able to
live in two elements, or of partaking of two natures.
AM-PHIB'I-UM, 71. That which lives in two elements, as
in air and water.
AMPHI-BOLE, n. [Gr. aii(pi0o\os ; ajxcpt and /SaXAw.] A
name given by Haiiy to a species of minerals, including
tlie treuiolite, hornblend, and actinolite.
AM-PHI-BOL'I€, a. Pertaining to amphibole ; resembling
amphibole. Cooper.
AM-PHEB-0-LOG'I-CAL, a. Doubtful ; of doubtful meaning
AM-PHIB-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. With a doubtful meaning.
AM-PHI-BOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. aixcpiPoXoyi-a.] A phrase or
discourse susceptible of two interpretations ; and, hence,
a phrase of uncertain meaning.
AM-PHIB'0-LOUS, a. [Gr. a//0(/?oXo?.] Tossed from one to
another ; strikmg each way, with mutual blows. [L. u.]
AM-PHIB'0-LY, 71. [Gr. a[x(pij3oXia.] Ambiguity of mean-
ing. Spelman. [Rarely used.]
AM'PHI-BRACH, n. [Gr. a/^^V and ^pa^vi.] In poetry, a
foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and
last short ; as, habere, in Latin.
AM'PHI-€OME, 71. [Gr. a^icpi and /co//*?.] A kind of figured
stone, of a round shape.
AM-PHI€-TY-ON'I€, a. Pertaining to the august council
of Amphictyons.
AM-PHIG'TY-ONS, n. In Grecian history, an assembly or
council of deputies from the different states of Greece,
who sat at Thermopylae, but ordinarily at Delphi.
AM'PHI-GENE, n. [Gr. a/jKpi and yevos.] In mineralogy,
anothei name of the leucite or Vesuvian.
AM-PHI-HEX-A-He DRAL, a. [Gr. a//^£,and hexahedral.]
In crystalography, when the faces of the crystal, counted
in two different directions, give two Iiexahedral outlines,
or are found to be six in number.
AM-PHIM'A-CER, 7)-. [Gr. afJiCpifxaKpoi.] In ancient poetry ,
a foot of three syllables., the middle one short, and the
others long, as in castitas.
AM-PHIS'BEN, ; n. [Gr. aucbicBaiva.] A genus of ser-
AM-PHIS-BE'NA, \ pents.
AM-PHIS'CI-i, or AM-PHIS'CIANS, n. [Gr. aiKpi and
aKia.] In geography, the inhabitants of the tropics, whose
shadows, m one part of the year, are cast to the north,
and in the other, to the south.
AM'PHI-TANE, n. A name given by ancient naturalists to
a fossil, called by Dr. Hill, pyricuhium.
AM-PHI-THe'A-TRE, } n. [Gr. apcpidearpov.] An edifice
AM-PHI-THe'A-TER, <f in an oval or circular form, hav-
ing its area encompassed with rows of seats, rising higher
as they recede from the area, on \.'hich people used to sit
to view the combats of gladiators and of wild beasts, and
other sports.
AM-PHI-THe'A-TRAL, a. Resembling an amphitheatre
Tooke.
AM-PHI-THE-AT'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to, or exhibited
in, an amphitheatre. Warton.
AM'PHI-TRTTE, n. [Gr. aiKpirpirrj.] A genus of marine
animals, of the Linnean order mollusca.
AMTHOR, ) n. [L. amphora.] Among the Greeks and
AM'PHC)-RA, \ Romans, a liquid measure.
AM'PLE, a. [Fr. ample ,• L. amphis.] 1. Large ; wide ;
spacious ; extended ; as, ample room. 2. Great in bulk,
or size. Shak. 3. Liberal ; unrestrained ; without par-
simony ; fully sufficient ; as, ample justice. 4. Liberal ;
magnificent; as, a7)2pZe promises. 5. Diffusive ; not brief
or contracted ; as, an ample narrative.
AMTLE-NESS, 71. Largeness ; spaciousness ; sufficiency ;
abundance.
* See Synapsis 5, E, I, O V,^, long.— F KB., FALL, WfHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD •,— t Obsolete
AN
33
ANA
AM-PLEX'I-€AUL, a. [L. amplexor.] In botany, surround-
ing, or embracing the stem, as the base of a leaf.
IM'PLI-ATE, V. t. [L. amplio.] To enlarge ; to make
greater ; to extend. [Little used.]
A.M-PLI-a'TION, n. 1. Enlargement; amplification ; dif-
fuseness. [Little used.] — 2. In Roman antiquity, a defer-
ring to pass sentence.
AM-PLir'I-€ATE, v. t. [L amplifico.] To enlarge ; to
amplify.
AM-PLIF-I-€a'TION, n. [L. amplificatio.] 1. Enlarge-
ment ; extension. — 2. In rhetoric, diffusive description,
or discussion , exaggerated representation ; diffuse nar-
rative, or a dilating upon all the particula'-s of a subject.
AM'PLI-FIED, pp. Enlarged ; extended.
AM'PLI-FI-ER, n. One who amplifies or enlarges.
AM'PLI-FY, V. t. [Fr. amplifier ; L. amplifico.] 1. To en-
large ; to augment ; to increase or extend —2. In rhetoric,
to enlarge in discussion, or by representation ; to treat
copiously, so as to present the subject in every view. 3.
To enlarge by addition
AM'PLI-FY, v.i.l. To speak largely, or copiously ; to be
diffuse in argument or description •, to dilate upon. 2.
To exaggerate •, to enlarge by representation or descrip-
tion.
AM'PLI-FY-ING, ppr. Enlarging ; exaggerating ; diffu-
sively treating.
AM'PLI-TUDE, n. [L. amplitudo.] 1. Largeness ; ex-
tent applied to bodies. 2. Largeness ; extent of capa-
city, or intellectual powers. 3. Extent of means or
power ; abundance ; sufficiency. — Amplitude, in astrono-
viy, is an arch of the horizon intercepted between the
east and west point, and the centre of the sun or star at
its rising or setting. — Amplitude of the range, in projec-
tiles, is the horizontal line subtending the path of a body
thrown, or the line- which measures the distance it has
moved. — Magneti^al amplitude is the arch of the horizon
betveen the sun or a star, at rising or setting, and the
east or west point of the horizon, by the compass. Encyc.
AMPLY, adv. Largely ; liberally ; fully ; sufficiently ; co-
piously ; in a diffusive manner.
AM'PU-TATE, V. t. [L. amputo.] 1. To prune branches
of trees or vines ; to cut off. 2. To cut off a limb or other
part of an animal body ; a term of surgery.
AM'PU-TA-TED, p;?. Cut off; separated from the body.
AM'PU-TA-TING, ppr. Cutting off a limb or part of the
body.
AM-PU-Ta'TION, n. [L. amputatio.] The act or operation
of cutting off a limb or some part of the body.
AM'U-LET, n. [L. amuletum.] Something worn as a rem-
edy or preservative against evils or mischief, such as dis-
eases and witchcraft. Amulets, in days of ignorance,
were common.
AM-UR-€6S'I-TY, n. The quality of lees.
A-MuSE', V. t. [Fr. amuser.] 1. To entertain the mind
agreeably ; to occupy or detain attention with agreeable
objects, whether by singing, conversation, or a show of
curiosities. 2. To detain ; to engage the attention by
hope or expectation.
A-MuS'ED, (a-muzd') pp. Agreeably entertained ; having
themind engaged by something pleasing
A-MtJSE'MENT, n. That which amuses, detains, or enga-
ges the mind ; entertainment of the mind ; pastime ; a
pleasurable occupation of the senses, or that which fur-
nishes it, as dancing, sports, or music.
A-MuS'ER, n. One who amuses, or affords an agreeable
entertainment to the mind.
A-^ItfS'ING, ppr. or a. Entertaining ; giving moderate
pleasure to the mind, so as to engage it ; pleasing.
A-MuS'ING-LY, adv. In an amusing manner.
A-Mu'SIVE, a. That has the power to amuse or entertain
themind.
A-MU'SIVE-LY, adv. In an amusive manner.
A-MYG'DA-LATE, a. [I,, amygdalus.] Made of almonds.
A-MYG'DA-LATE, n. An emulsion made of almonds ;
milk of almonds.
A-MYG'DA-LINE, a. Pertaining to or resembling the al-
mond.
A-MYG'DA-LlTE, n. A plant ; a species of spurge.
A-MYG'DA-LOID. n. [Gr. aiivy^aXta.] Toad-stone.
A-MYG'DA-LOID-AL, a. Pertaining to amygdaloid.
AM-Y-La'CEOUS, a. [L. am%jlum.] Pertaining to starch,
or the farinaceous part of grain ; resembling starch.
AM'Y-LINE, n. [L amylum.] A farinaceous substance
between gum and starch
AM'Y-RALD-ISM, n. In church history, the doctrine of
universal grace, as explained by Amyraldus.
A MYZ'TLI, 71. A Mexican name of the sea-lion.
AN, a. [Sax. an, ane, one ; D. een ; Ger. ein : Sw. and
Dan. en ; Fr. on, un, une ; Sp. un, uno ; It. uno, una ; L.
umis, una, unum ; Gr. ev ; Ir. ein, ean, aon ; W. un, yn.]
One ; noting an individual ; either definitely, known, cer-
tain, specified, or understood ; or indefinitely, not certain,
known, or specified. Definitely ; as, " Noah built an ark
of gopher wood." " Paul was aw eminent apostle." In-
definitely ; as, " Bring me an orange." Before a conso
nant, the letter n is dropped ; as, a man.
AN, in old English authors, signifies if i as, ^'^ an it please
your honor."
A'NA, aa, or a. [Gr. ava.] In 77ierftca? ^prescriptions, it sig-
nifies an equal quantity of the severa' ingredients ; as,
wine and honey, ana, Qa, or a g ii. that is, of wine and
honey each two ounces.
A'NA, as a termination, is annexed to the names of authors
to denote a collection of their memorable sayings. Thus,
Scaligerana is a book containiiig the sayings of Scaliger.
It was used by the Romans, as in Collectaneus, collected,
gathered.
AN-A-BAP'TISM, 77. The doctrine of the Anabaptists
AN-A-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. ava and (3aTrricrTr]s.] One who
holds the doctrine of the baptism of adults, or of the inva-"^
lidity of infant baptism, and the necessity of rebaptiza-
tion in an adult age.
AN-A-BAP-TIST'I€, ) a. Relating to the Anabaptists
AN-A-BAP-TIST'I-€AL, i or to their doctrines.
AN-A-BAP'TIST-RY, n. The sect of Anabaptists.
t AN-A-BAP-TIZE', v. t. To rebaptize. Whitlock.
ANA€A, n. A species of paroquet, about the size of a
lark.
AN-A-€A]VIP'TI€, a. [Gr. ava and Ka/irrro.] Reflecting or
reflected.
AN-A-€AMP'TieS, 71. The doctrine of reflected light. Sec
CatoptriCs.
AN-A-€aR'DIUM, n. The cashew-nut, or marking nut.
AN-A-€A-THAR'TI€, a. [Gr. ava and KaBapca.] Throw-
ing upwards ; cleansing, by exciting vomiting, expecto-
ration, &c.
AN-A-€A-THaR'TI€, n. A medicine which excites dis-
charges by the mouth or nose.
AN-A-CEPH-A-L^-O'SIS, n. [Gr. avaKE<pa\dLwaii.] Re-
capitulation of the heads of a discourse.
AN-A€H'0-RET. See Anchoret.
AN-A-€HO-RET'I-eAL, a. Relating to an anachoret, or
anchoret.
AN-A€H'R0-NISM, n. [Gr. ava and ;^poi/off.] An error in
computing time ; any error in chronology.
AN-A€H-RO-NIS'TI€, a. Erroneous in date ; containing
an anachronism. Warton.
AN-A-€LAS'TI€, a. [Gr. ava and /cXaaij.] Refracting ;
breaking the rectilinear course of light.
AN-A-CLAS TICS, n. That part of optics which treats of
the refraction of light, commonly called dioptrics, which
see.
AN-A-COE-No'SIS, 71. [Gr. avaxoivwo-jj.] A figure of rhet-
oric, by which a speaker applies to his opponents for their
opinion on the point in debate.
AN-A-€OND'A, n. A name given in Ceylon to a large
snake, a species of boa.
A-NAC-RE-ON'TIC, a. Pertaining to Anacreon.
A-NAC-RE-ON'TI€, n. A poem composed in the manner
of Anacreon.
AN'A-DeME, n. [Gr. avaSri/ia.] A chaplet or crown of
flowers. W. Browne.
AN-A-DI-PLo'SIS, 71. [Gr. ava and Snr\oos.'] Duplication,
a figm-e in rhetoric and poetry, consisting in the repeti-
tion of the last word or words in a line or clause of a sen-
tence, in the beginning of the next.
A-NAD'RO-MOUS, a. [Gr. ava and Spojios.] Ascending ; a
word applied to such fish as pass from the sea into fresh
waters, at stated seasons.
AN'A-GLYPH, n. [Gr. ava and yXt)0w.] An ornament
made by sculpture.
AN-A-GLYPTIC, a. Relating to the art of carving, en-
graving, enchasing, or embossing plate.
AN'A-GO-GE, or AN'A-G0-6Y, n. [Gr. avaywyn.] An ele-
vation of mind to things celestial ; the spiritual meaning
or application of words.
t AN-A-GO-GET'I-CAL, a. Mysterious.
AN-A-GOG'I-€AL, a. Mysterious ; elevated ; spiritual.
AN-A-GOG'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a mysterious sense ; with
religious elevation.
AN-A-GOG'ICS, 71. Mysterious considerations.
ANA-GRAM, n. [Gr. ava and ypa/z/za.] A transposition o'
the letters of a name, by which a new word is formed.
Thus Oalenus becomes angelus ; William JK^oy, (attorney
general to Charles I., a laborious man,) reay be turned
into Imoyl in law.
AN-A-GRAM-MAT'IC, ) Makin? in amiTram
AN-A-GRAM-MAT'I-€AL,J ^- ^lafemg an anagram.
AN-A-GRAM-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of au
anagram.
AN-A-GRAM'MA-TISM, 71. The act or practice of making
anagrams. Camden.
AN-A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A maker of anagrams.
AN-A-GRAM'MA-TiZE, 7?. i. To make anagrams
AN'A-GROS, 71. A measure of grain in Spain, containing
something less than two bushels.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z • CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete ,
ANA
34
AJ^fC
A'NAL, a. [L. anus.\ Pertaining to the anus
A-NAL'CIM, ) n. Cubic zeolite, found in aggregated or
A-NAL'CIME, \ cubic crystals.
AN'A-LE€TS, n. [Gr. ava and Xsyco.] A collection of
short e«!says, or remarks, Evcyc.
AN'A-LEM-MA, n. [Gr. avaXijjjiixa.] 1. In geometry, a
projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, or-
thographical ly made by straight lines, cucles, and ellip-
ses, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and
in the east or west points of the horizon. 2. An instru-
ment of wood or brass, on which this kind of projection is
drawn.
AN-A-LEFSIS, n. [Gr. ava'Xv^'is.] The augmentation or
nutrition of an emaciated body •, recovery of strength af-
ter a disease.
AN-A-LEP'T[€, a. Corroborating ; invigorating ; giving
strength after disease.
AN-A-LEP'TI€, n. A medicine which gives strength ; a
restorative.
t AN-AL'0-GAL, a. Analogous. Hale.
AN-A-L06'I-€AL, a. Having analogy ; used by way of
analogy ; bearing some relation.
AN-A-L06'I-€AL-LY", adv. In an analogical manner ; by
way of similitude, relation, or agreement.
AN-A-L06'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being analogi-
cal.
AN-AL'0-6ISM, n. [Gr. avaXoyKTiiog.] An argument from
the cause to the effect. Johnson. Investigation of things
by the analogy they bear to each other. Crabbe.
AN-AL'0-6IST, n. One who adheres to analogy.
AN-AL'0-6lZE, v. t. To explain by analogy ; to form
some resemblance between different things ; to consider
a thing with regard to its analogy to something else.
A-NAL'0-GOUS, a. Having analogy ; bearing some resem-
blance or proportion.
A-NAL'0-GOUS-LY, adv. In an analogous manner.
A-NAL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. avaXoyia.l 1. An agreement or
likeness between things in some circumstances or elfects,
when the things are otherwise entirely difliferent. 2.
With grammarians, analogy is a conformity of words to
the genius, structure, or general rules of a language.
A-NAL'Y-SIS, 71. [Gr. avakvais.'] 1. The separation of a
compound body into its constituent parts ; a resolving.
2. A consideration of any thing in its separate parts •, an
examination of the different parts of a subject, eacli sepa-
rately. It is opposed to synthesis. — In mathematics, anal-
ysis is the resolving of problems by algebraic equations. —
In logic, analysis is the tracing of things to their source,
and the resolving of knowledge into its original princi-
ples. 3. A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a
continued discourse, disposed in their natural order. 4.
A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a
science. — In this sense, it is nearly synonymous with
synopsis.
AN'A-LYST, n. One who analyzes, or is versed in analy-
sis. Kirwan.
AN-A-LYT'ie, \ a. Pertaining to analysis ; that re-
AN-A-LYT'I-€AL, \ solves into first principles ; that
separates into parts, or original principles •, that resolves
a compound body or subject. It is opposed to synthetic.
AN-A-LYT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of analysis.
AN-A-LYT'I€S, n. The science of analysis.
AN'A-L"?ZE, V. t. [Gr. avaXvii).'] To resolve a body into
its elements ; to separate a compound subject into its
parts or propositions, for the purpose of an examination
of each separately.
AN'A-L?ZED, -pp. Resolved into its constituent parts or
principles, for examination.
AN'A-LYZ-ER, n. One who analyzes ; that which ana-
lyzes, or has the power to analyze.
AN'A-L^Z-ING, ppr. Resolving" into elements, constituent
parts, or first principles.
* AN-A-MORPH'0-SIS, n. [Gr. ava and ^op^wcrif.J In per-
spective drawings, a deformed or distorted portrait or fig-
ure, which, in one point of view, is confused or unintel-
ligible, and, in another, is an exact and regular representa-
tion.
A-Na'NAS, 71. The name of a species of pine-apple.
AN'A-PEST, 71. [Gr. ava and iratw.] In poetry, a foot, con-
sisting of three syllables, the two first short, the last long.
AN-A-PEST'I€, 71. The anapestic measure.
AN-A-PEST'I€, a. Pertaining to an anapest , consisting of
anapestic feet.
A-NAPH'0-RA, n. [Gr. from ava^epw.] 1. A figure in
rhetoric, 'when the same word or words are repeated at
the beginning of two or more succeeding verses or clauses
of a sentence — 2. Among physicians, the discharge of
blood, or purulent matter by the mouth.
AN-A-PLE-ROT X€, a. [Gr. avaTr\r)po(,).] Filling up ; sup-
plying or renc ^^ting flesh.
AN-A-PLE-RC r'I€, n. A medicine which renews flesh or
wasted parts. Coxe
AN'AR€H, n. The author of confusion ; one who exclt
revolt. Milton
A-NAR€H'I€, ) a. Without rule or government ; in a
A-NaR€H'I-€AL, ) state of confusion ; applied to a state
or society. Fielding uses anarchial.
f AN'AR€H-ISM, n. Confusion.
AN'AR€H-IST, n. An anarch ; one who excites revolt, oi
promotes disorder in a state
AN'AR€H-Y, n. [Gr. avap')(^La.] Want of government ; a
state of society when there is no law or supreme power
or when the laws are not efficient ; political confusion.
A-NAR'HI-€HAS, n. The sea wolf.
Z'NAS, 71. [L.] A genus of water fowl.
AN-A-SAR'CA, 71. [Gt. ava and aap^.] A species of drop-
sy, from a serous humor spread between the skin end
flesh.
AN-A-SXR'COUS, a. Belonging to anasarca, or dropsy ;
dropsical
A-NAS-TO-MAT'IC, a. Having the quality of removing
obstructions.
A-NAS'TO-MOSE, v.i. [Gr. ava and (TTOjjia.] To inoscu-
late ; to unite the mouth of one vessel with another, as
the arteries with the veins.
A-NAS-TOM'O-SY, or A-NAS-TO-Mo'SIS, 71. The moscu-
lation of vessels, or the opening of one vessel into another,
as an artery into a vein -, the communication of two ves-
sels, as a vein with a vein.
A-NAS-TO-MOT'I€, a. Opening the mouths of vessels, or
removing obstructions.
A-NAS-TO-MOT'I€, n. A medicine supposed to have the
power of opening the mouths of vessels, and promoting
circulation.
A-NAS'TRO-PHE, ) n. [Gr. avaarpo^r}.] In rhetoric and
A-NAS'TRO-PHY, ) ^?-oj«7rea7-, an inversion of the natu-
ral order of words.
AN'A-TASE, n. [Gr. avaraaig.] Octahedrite ; octahedral
oxyd of titanium ; a mineral that shows a variety of col-
ors by reflected light.
A-NATH'E-MA, 71. [Gr. avaOeiia.] Excommunication with
curses. Hence, a curse or denunciation by ecclesiastical
authority, accompanying excommunication.
A-NATH-E-MAT'1-€AL, a. Pertaining to anathema.
A-NATH-E-MAT'I-€AL-LY, cdu. In the manner of anath
ema.
AN-A-THEM-A-TI-Za'TION, n. The act of anathematiz
ing. Encyc.
A-NATH'E-MA-TiZE, v. t. To excommunicate with a de-
nunciation of curses ; to pronounce an anathema against
Hammond.
A-NATH'E-MA-TISM, n. Excommunication. Tooker.
A-NATH'E-MA-TiZED, pp. Excommunicated with curses
A-NATH'E-MA-TlZ-ER, n. One who anathematizes.
A-NATH'E-MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Pronouncing an anathema
AN-A-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. anas and fero.] Producing
ducks. Brown.
A-NAT'0-CISM, 71. \1j. anatocismus.'] Interest upon inter-
est ; the taking of compound interest. [Rarely used.]
AN-A-TOM'I-€AL, a. Belonging to anatomy or dissec-
tion ; relating to the parts of the body when dissected or
separated.
AN-A-TOM'I€AL-LY, adv. In an anatomical manner ; by
means of dissection.
A-NAT'O-MIST, n. One who dissects bodies ; one who is
skilled in the art of dissection, or versed in the doctrinfl
and principles of anatomy.
A-NAT'0-MiZE, v. t. To dissect an animal ; to divide in-
to the constituent parts, for the purpose of examining
eaclr by itself; to lay open the interior structure of the
parts of a body or subject,
A-NAT'0-MiZED, pp. Dissected, as an animal body
A-NAT'0-MlZ-ING, ppr. Dissecting.
A-NAT'0-MY, ??. [Gr.avaTonT].'] 1. The art of dissecting,
or artificially separating, the different parts of an animal
bodj', to discover their situation, structure, and economyr
2. The doctrine of the structure of the body, learned by
dissection. 3. The act of dividing any thing, corporea
or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts. 4.
The body stripped of its integuments ; a skeleton ; an im-
proper use of the word, 5. Ironically, a meager person.
AN-A-TREP'T1€, a. [Gr. avaTpsirw.] Overthrowing ; de-
feating ; prostrating.
AN'A-TRON, n. [Gr. vtrpov.] 1. Soda, or mineral fixed
alkali, 2. Spume, or glass gall, a scum which rises upon
melted glass, in the furnace, and, when taken off", dis-
solves in the air, and then coagulates into common salt
3. The salt which collects on the walls of vaults.
AN'BU-RY, 71. A disease in turneps, or an injury occasion-
ed by a fly„
AN'CES-TOR, 71. [Fr. ancestres ; L. antecessor.] One from
whom a person descends, either by the father or mother,
at any distance of time, in the tenth or hundredth gene-
ration. An ancestor precedes in the order of nature or
blood ; a predecessor in the order of office.
* See Syno^isis A, K. I, o, C, ■?, long.—FkR, FALL, WHA.T ;— PRSY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
AND
AxNG
* AN-CES'TEAL, a. Relating or belonging to ancestors ;
claimed or descending from ancestors.
AI^'CES-TRY, 71. A series of ancestors or progenitors ;
lineage, or those who compose the line of natural descent.
Hence, birth, or honorable descent.
aN'CHEN-TRY. See Ancientry.
AN'€Hl-LOPS, n. [Gr. atytXw;^.] The goat's eye ; an ab-
scess in the inner angle of the eye ; an incipient fistula
lachrymalis.
AJV'€HOR, n. [L. anchora.] 1. An iron instrument for
holding a ship or other vessel at rest in water. — M
anchor is when a ship rides by her anchor. Hence,
to lie or ride at anchor. — To cast anchor, or to anchor, is
to let go an anchor, to keep a ship at rest. — To weigh
anchor is to heave or raise the anchor out of the ground.
n. In a figurative sense, that whic-h gives stability or se-
curity ; that on which we place dependence for safety. —
3. In a.rchitecture, anchors are carved work, somewhat
resembling an anchor. — in heraldry, anchors are emblems
of hope.
AN'€HOR, V. t. 1. To place at anchor ; to moor. 2. To
fix or fasten on ; to fix in a stable condition.
AN'€HOR, V. i. 1. To cast anchor ; to come to anchor. 2.
To stop ; to fix or rest on.
f AN'GHOR-A-BLE, a. Fit for anchorage.
A]M'€!H0R-A6E, n. 1. Anchor-ground ; a place where a ship
can anchor. 2. The hold of a ship at anchor, or rather
the anchor and all the necessary tackle for anchoring. 3.
A duty imposed on ships for anchoring in a harbor.
AN'€HORED, jpp. Lying or riding at anchor 5 held by an
anchor ; moored ; fixed in safety.
AN'CHO-RESS, n. A female anchoret.
ANeHO-RET, or AN'€HO-RITE, n. [Gr. avaxwQVrm-
Written by some authors, anachoret.] A hermit ; a re-
cluse ; one who retires from society into a desert or soli-
tary place, to avoid the temptations of the world, and de-
vote himself to religious duties,
AN'CHOR-GRO JND, n. Ground suitable for anchoring.
AN'€HOR-HOLD, n. The hold or fastness of an anchor ;
security.
AN'€HOR-ING, ppr. Mooring ; coming to anchor ; casting
anchor.
AN'CHOR-SMITH, n. A maker of anchors.
* AN-CHO VY, } n. [Port, and Sp, ayichova.] A small fish,
* AN CHO-VY, \ caught, in vast numbers, in the Medi-
terranean, and used as a sauce or seasoning
AN-CHO VY-PEaPi., n. A fruit of Jamaica
*aN'CIENT, a. (Usually pronounced, most anomalously,
ancient.) [Fr. ancien.] 1. Old ; that happened or ex-
isted in former times, usually at a great distance of
time ; as, ancient authors, ancient days. 2. Old ; that
has been of long duration ; as, an ancient city. 3.
Known from ancient times 5 as the ancient continent, op-
posed to the neio continent.
* aN'CIENT, ?i. Generally used in the plural, ancients.
1. Those who lived in former ages, opposed to moderns. —
In Scripture, very old men. Also, governors, rulers, po-
litical and ecclesiastical. Hooker uses the word for sen-
iors. 2. Ancient is also used for a flag or streamer, in a
ship of war.
* aN'CIENT-LY, adv. In old times ; in times long since
past.
*aN'CIENT-NESS, ?j. The state of being ancient 5 anti-
quity ; existence from old times.
* AN'CIENr-RY, n. Dignity of birth ; the honor of ancient
lineage. Suik.
t * aN'OIENI Y, n. Age ; antiquity. Martin.
* aN'CIENT-Y, n. In some old English statutes and au-
thors, eldership, or seniority.
AN-Cl'LE, n. [L.] The ancient shield of the Romans.
AN'CIL-LA-RY, a. [L. ancilla.] Pertaining to a maid-ser-
vant, or female service ; subservient as a maid-servant.
AN-CIP'I-TAL, a. [L. anceps.] Doubtful, or double ; dou-
ble-faced or double-formed.
AN'OOME, n. A small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly.
Boucher.
AN'€0N, n. [L. ancon.] The olecranon, the upper end of
the ulva, or elbow. Coxe.
AN'€oNE, ri. [L. ancon.] In architecture, the corner of a
wall, cross-beam, or rafter.
AN'€0-NY, n. In iron works, a piece of half-wrought iron,
in the shape of a bar in the middle, but rude and un-
wrought at the ends.
AND, CO )i;. [Sax. and; Ger und.] And is a conjunction,
connective, or conjoining word. It signifies that a
word or part of a sentence is to be added to what pre-
cedes. Thus, give me an apple and an orange 5 that is,
give me an apple, add, or give, in addition to that, an or-
ange.
t AN'DA-BA-TISM, n. Uncertainty.
AN'DA-LU-SITE, n. A massive mineral, of a flesh or rose
red color.
AN-DANTE, [It.] In music, a word used to direct to a
movement moderately slow, between largo and allegro.
AN'DA-RAe, p.. Red orpiment. Coxe.
AN DE-AN, a. Pertaining to the Andes.
AN-Di'RA. 71. A species of bat in Brazil.
AND'I-RON. (and-i'-urn) n. [Teutonic, andena, or cindela.
Sax. hrand-isen.l An iron utensil, used, in Great Britain,
where coal is the common fuel, to support the ends of a
spit ; but, in America, used to support the wood in fire-
places
AN-DO-RIN'HA, n The Brazilian swallow.
AN-DRA-NAT'O-MY, n. [Gr. avri^, av^^og.] The dissec
tion of a human body, especially of a male
AN'DRE-O-UTE, n A mineral, the harmotome, or cross-
stone
AN-DR06'Y-NAL, or AN-DROG'Y-NOUS, a. [Gr. avnp
and yvvv.] Having two sexes ; being male and female ;
herinaphroditical.— In botany, the name is applied to
plants which bear both male and female flowers froni '
the same root.
AN-DROG'Y-NAL-LY, adv. With the parts of both sexes
AN-DROG'Y-NUS, n. A hermaphrodite. Johnson. -
AN'DROID, n. [Gr. avrip and £i6os.] A machine in the hu-
man form, which, by certain springs, performs some of
the natural motions of a living man.
AN-DROM'E-DA, n. A northern constellation, behind Peg
asus, Cassiopeia, and Perseus.
AN-DROPH'A-GI, n. [Gr. avrtp and ^ayw.l Man-eaters ,
but the word is little used, being superseded by anthro-
pophagi.
A-NeAR', prep. Near. Atterbury.
AN'E€-DOTB, n. [Gr. a and ckSotos. \ In its original sense,
secret history, or facts not generally known. But m more
common usage, a particular or detached incident or fact
of an interesting nature ; a biographical incident ; a sin-
gle passage of private life.
AN-E€-DOT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to anecdotes.
t A-NeLE', v. t. [Sax. all.] To give extreme unction.
AN-E-MOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. avenos a.n& ypa^-j.] A de-
scription of the winds.
AJV-E-MOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. avepos and \oyos.] The doctrine
of winds, or a treatise on the subject
AN-E-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. avsiiog and /i<erfj£w.] An in-
strument or machine for measuring the force and veloci-
ty of the wind.
A-NEM'O-NE, In. [Gi: avefxwvr].] Wind-flower; a genua
A-NEM'0-NY, ) of plants of numerous species.— Sea-
Anemone. See Animal Flower.
* A-NEM'0-S€OPE, n. [Gr. avefiog and (jKOTreu).] A ma
chine which shows the comse or velocity of the wind.
A-NENT', prep. About ; concerning ; over against : a Scot-
tish word.
aNES, or AWNS, n. The spires or beards of corn.
AN'EU-RISM, n. [Gr. ava and evpvvw.] A preter-iatural
dilatation or rupture of the coats of an arterj^
AN-EU-RIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to an aneurism.
A-NEW', adv. Over again ; another time ; in a new form .
as, to create anew.
A-NEWST', or A-NEUST', adv. Nearly ; almost.
AN-FRA€'TU-OUS, a. [Ij. anfractus.] WinAing; full of
windings and turnings ; written less correctly, anfractw
ose. Ray.
AN-FRA€-TU-OS'I-TY, In. A state cf being full ol
AN-FRA€'TU-OUS-NESS, ] windings and turnings.
AN-FRA€'TUSE, n. A mazy winding.
AN-Gx'i.-RI-A'TION, n. [L. angaria.] Compulsion , exer-
tion.
AN-GEI-OT'O-MY. See ANGioTor-v.
* aN'GEL, 71. (Usually pronounced angel, but most anoma-
lously.) [L. a7igelus ,• Gr. ayyeXos.] 1. Literally, a mes-
senger ; one employed to communicate news or informa-
tion from one person to another at a distance. 2 A
spirit, or a spmtual, intelligent being, employed by God
to communicate his will to man. 3. In a bad sense, an
evil spirit ; as, the angel of the bottomless pit. 4. Christ,
the Mediator and Head of the church. Rev. x. 5. A
minister of the gospel, who is an embassador of God.
Rev. ii. and iii. C. Any being whom God employs to
execute his judgments. Rev. xvi. 7. In the style of
love, a very beautiful person. Shah.
* aN'GEL, 71. A fish found on the coast of Carolina.
* aN'GEL, n. A gold coin formerly current in England,
bearing the figure of an angel.
* aN'GEL, a. Resembling angels ; angelic. Shah.
* aN'GEL-aGE, n. The existence or state of angels.
* aN'GEL-FISH. n. A species of shark.
AN-GEL'I€, or AN-GEL'I-€AL, a. [L. angelicus.] Re
sembling angels ; belonging to angels, or partaking 0*.
their nature ; suiting the nature and dignity of angeis.
AN-GEL'I-€A, 7i. A genus of digynian pentanders, con
taining several soecies.
AN-GEL'I-€AL-LY, adv. Like an angel.
AN-GEL'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being angelic
excellence more than human.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;- BPJLL, UNITE ,— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH a-s SH ; TH as in tAw f Obsoletfj
ANG 3G
ANl
AX 6EL-ITES, n. In church history, a sect so called from
Angelicura in Alexandria, where they held their first
meetings.
AiN' 6EL-LIKE, a. Resembling, or having the manners of
angels.
XN-GEL-0L'0-6Y, n. A discourse on angels , or the doc-
trine of angelic beings. Ch. Spectator.
AN'6E-L0T, n. [Fr. anche.] 1. An instrument of music,
somewhat resembling a lute. 2. An ancient English
coin. A small, rich sort of cheese.
aN'6EL-SH0T, 71. [Fr. ange.] Cham-shot, being two
halves of a cannon ball fastened to the ends of a chain.
aN'GEL-WINGED, a. Winged like angels.
aX'6EL-W0R-SHIP, 71. The worshiping of angels.
AN'GER, (ang'-ger) n. [L. anger.] 1. A violent passion
of the mind, excited by area), or supposed injury ; usually
accompanied with a propensity to take vengeance, or to
obtain satisfaction from the offending party. 2. Pain ;
smart of a sore or swelling ; the literal sense of the word,
but little used.
ANGER, V. t. 1. To excite anger ; to provoke ; to rouse
resentment. 2 To make painful ; to cause to smart ; to
inflame.
AN GER-LY adv. In an angry manner ; more generally
written angrily.
t AN'GER-NESS, n. The state of being angry.
AN-6l'NA, 71. [L. from ango.] A quinsy ; an inflamma-
tion of the throat ; a tumor impeding respiration.
AN-Gl'NA PE€'-TO-RIS. An anomalous or spasmodic af-
fection of the chest and organs of respiration ; or a dis-
ease of the hearrL. Coxe.
AN-GI-OGRA-PHY, 71. [Gr. ayyeiov and ypacpr).] A de-
scription of the vessels in the human body.
AN-GI-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ayyeLov and Xoyos.] A treatise
or discourse on the vessels of the human body.
AN-6I-0-M0N-0-SPERM'0US, a. [Gr. uyyEiov, iiovos,
and (TTTEp/^a.J Producing one seed only in a pod.
AN''6l-0-SPERM, n. [Gr. ayy^Lov and aKepjxa.] In botany,
a plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp.
AN-GI-0-SPERM'OUS, a. Having seeds inclosed in a pod
or other pericarp.
AJV-GI-OT'0-MY, 71. [Gr. ayyuov and t£//v&).] The open-
ing of a vessel, whether a vein or an artery, as in bleeding.
ANGLE, 71. [Fr. angle.] In popular language, the point
where two lines meet, or the meeting of two lines in a
point ; a corner. In geometry, the spa^e comprised be-
tween two straight lines that meet in a point, or between
two straight converging lines, which, if extended, would
meet ; or the quantity by which two s raight lines, de-
parting from a point, diverge from each other. The
point of meeting is the vertex of the angle, and the lines
containing the angle are its sides or legs.
AN'GLE, 71. A hook ; an instrimient to take fish, consist-
ing of a rod, a line and a hook, or a line and hook.
AN'GLE, V. i. 1. To fish with an angle, or with line and
hook. 2. V. t. or i. To fish for •, to try to gain by some
bait or insinuation, as men angle for fish.
AN'GLED, a. Having angles — iised only in compounds.
AN'GLER, 7?. One that fishes with an angle ; also, a fish,
a species of lophius.
AN'GLE-ROD, n. The rod or pole to which a line and
hook are fastened.
AN'GLES, n. [L. Angli.] A people of Germany, from
whom the name of England was derived.
AN'GLI€, } a. [from Angles.] English •, pertaining to
AN'GLI-€AN, ] England or the English nation.
AN'GLI-GISM, 71. An English idiom ; a form of language
peculiar to the English. Milton.
AN'GLI-CIZE, V. t. To make English ; to render conform-
able to the English idiom.
AN'GLING, ppr. Fishing with an angle,
AN'GLING, 71. A fishing with a rod and line.
AN-GLO-Da'NISH, a. Pertaining to the English Danes, or
the Danes who settled in England.
AN-GLO-NORM'AN, a. Pertaining to the English Nor-
mans. Wotton.
AN-GLO-SAX'ON, a. Pertaining to the Saxons who settled
in England, or English Saxons.
AN-GLO-SAX'ON, n. A kind of pear ; also the language
of the English Saxons.
AN-GO'LA-PEA, or PIG'EON-PEA. A species of cytisus.
AN'GOR, %: [L.] 1. Pain ; intense bodUy pain. 2. The
retiring of the native bodily heat to the centre, occasion-
ing head-ache, palpitation, and sadness.
AN'GRED, or AN'GERED, pp. Made angry ; provoked.
AN'GRI-LY, adv. In an angry manner ; peevishly ; with
indications of resentment.
AN'GRY, a. 1. Feeling resentment ; provoked. 2. Show-
ing anger ; wearing the marks of anger ; caused by an-
ger. 3. Inflamed, as a sore ; red ; manifesting inflam-
mation. 4. Raging ; furious ; tumultuous.
ANG-Sa'NA, or ANG-Sa'VA, n. A red gum of the East
Indies, like that of dragon's blood.
AN'GU, n. Bread made of the cassada plant.
AN'GUI-FER, ?(. [L. anguis and fero.] In astronomy^
cluster of stars in the form of a man holding a serpen.
Serpentarius, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac.
AN-GUIL'LA, 7!. [L.] In zoology, an eel; also the name
of a Mediterranean fish.
AN-GUIL'LI-FORM, a. [L. anguilla and forma.] In the
form of an eel, or of a seipent.
AN'GUISH, n. [Fr. angoisse.] Extreme pain, either of
body or mind.
AN'GUISH, V. t. To distress with extreme pain or grief
Temple.
AN'GUISHED, pp. Extremely pained ; tortured ; deeply
distressed.
AN'GU-LAR, a. 1. Having an angle, angles, or comera
pointed. 2. Consisting of an angle ; forming an angle.
AN-GU-LAR'I-TY, n. The quality of having an angle or
corner.
AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. With angles or corners ; in the di-
rection of the angles.
AN'GU-LAR-NESS, n. The quality of being angular.
AN'GU-LA-TED, a. Formed with angles or corners.
t AN-GU-LOS'I-TY, n. Angularity.
AN'GU-LOUS, a. Angular ; having corners •, hooked.
t AN-GUST', a. [L. angustus.] Narrow ; straight.
AN-GUS-Ta'TION, 71. [L. angustus.] The act of making
narrow ; a straightening.
AN-GUST'I-€LAVE, n. [L. angustus.] A robe or tunic
embroidered with purple studs or knobs, or by purple
stripes, worn by Roman knights.
AN-HE-La'TION, 71. [L. anhelo.] Shortness of breath ; a
panting ^ difficult respiration.
AN-HE-LoSE', a. Out of breath ; panting •, breathing with
difficulty. [Little used.]
AN'HI-MA, n. A Brazilian aquatic fowl.
AN'HY-DRITE, n. A species of sulphate of lime.
AN-Hy'DROUS, a. [Gr. avvSpos.] Destitute of water.
t AN-I-ENT'ED, a. [It. nientc.] Frustrated ; brought to
naught. Chaucer.
A-NiGHT', (a-nite') adv. In the night time.— Anights, in
the plural, is used of frequent and customary acts. Shak.
AN'IL, ?i. [Sp. anil.] A shrub from whose leaves and stalks
indigo is made ; India-ofera.
A-NIU:'NESS, ) 71. [L. anilis, anilitas.] The state of being
A-NIL'I-TY, ) an old woman ; the old age of a woman ;
dotage.
t AN'l-BIA-BLE, a. Susceptible of animation.
t AN-1-MAD-VER'SAL, n. That which has the power of
perceiving.
AN-I-MAD-VER'SION, n. [L. animadversio.] Remarks by
way of censure or criticism ; reproof ; blame. It may
sometimes be used for punishment.
t AN-I-MAD-VER'SIVE, a. That has the power of perceiv-
ing. Glanville.
t AN-I-MAD-VER'SIVE-NESS, n. The power of animad-
verting.
AN-I-MAD-VERT', v. i. [L. animadverto.] 1. To turn the
mind to •, to consider. 2. To consider or remark upon by
way of criticism or censure. 3 To inflict punishment.
AN-I-MAP-VERT'ER, n. One who animadverts, or makes
remarks by way of censure.
AN-I-MAD-VERT'ING, ppr. Considering ; remarking by
way of criticism or censure.
AN'I-MAL, n. [L.] An organized body, endowed with life
and the power of voluntary motion ; a living, sen^fitive,
locomotive body ; as, man is an intelligent animal. By
way of contempt, a dull person is called a stupid ani-
mal.
AN'I-MAL, a. That belongs or relates to animals.
AN-I-MAL'€U-LAR, or AN-I-MAL'€U-LINE, a. Relat
ing to animalcules. London Quarterhj Review.
AN-I-MAL'€ULE, n. [L. animalculum, animalcula ] /
little animal ; an animal whose figure cannot be discern-
ed without the aid of a magnifying glass.
AN'I-MAL-FLOW-ER, n. In zoology, sea anemone, sea-
nettle, or urtica marina.
AN'I-MAL-ISM, 71. Sensuality.
t AN-I-MAL'I-TY, n. Animal existence. Smith.
AN-I-MAL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act of giving animal life, or
endowing with the properties of an animal.
AN'I-MAL-iZE, V. t. To give annual life to ; to endow
with the properties of animals.
AN'I-MAL-iZED, pp. Endowed with animal life.
AN'I-MAL-IZ-ING, ppr. Giving animal life to.
AN'I-MATE, V. t. [L. animo ] 1. To give natural life to ;
to quicken ; to make alive. 2. To give powers to, or to
heighten the powers or eflfect of a thing. 3. To give spiri
or vigor ; to infuse courage, joy, or other enlivening pas-
sion ; to stimulate or incite.
AN'I-MATE, a. Alive; possessing animal life. [Used
chiefly in poetry for animated.]
AN'I-MA-TED, pp. 1. Being endowed with animal life
2. a. Lively ; vigorous ; full of spirit ; indicating anima
tion.
See Synopsis. X, E, T, 6, tj, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT 5— PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD - f Ohsolfie.
ANN
37
ANO
AN'I-MA-TING, ppr. Giving life ; infusing spirit ; enliven-
ing.
AN'I-MA-TING-Lr, adv. In an animating manner.
AN I-Ma'TION, n. 1. The act of infusing life ; the state of
being animated. 2. Tlie state of being lively, brisk, or
full of spirit and vigor.
AN'l-MA-TiVE, a. That has the power of giving life or
spirit. Johnson.
AN'I-MA-TOR, n. One that gives life ; that which infuses
life or spirit.
AN'IME, n. [Fr.] In heraldry, a term denoting that the
eyes of a rapacious animal are borne of a different tincture
from the animal himself.
AN'IME, n. [Sp.] A resin exuding from a tree,
AN-I-MET'TA, n. Among ecclesiastical writers, the cloth
which covers the cup of the eucharist.
t AN-I-M6SE', a. Full of spirit.
t AN-I-MoSE'NESS, n. Spirit ; heat.
AN-1-MOS'I-TY, 71. [L. auimositas.} Violent hatred accom-
panied with active opposition •, active enmity.
A-NIN'GA, n. A root growing in the West Indiesj like the
China plant, used in refining sugar.
AN'ISE, n. [L. anisuvi."\ An annual plant, placed by Linne
under the genus pimpinella.
AN'ISE SEED, n. The seed of anise.
ANK'ER, n. A measure of liquids used in Holland, contain-
ing about 32 English gallons.
ANK'LE, (ank'kl) n. [Sax. ancleow ; D. enkel.'\ The joint
which connects the foot with the leg.
ANK'LE-BONE, n. The bone of the ankle.
ANK'LED, a. Relating to the ankles.
AN'NAL-IST, n. A writer of annals.
AN'NAL-IZE, JO. t. To record ; to write annals. \^J\rot
much used.']
AN'NALS, n. plu. [L. annales.] 1. A species of history
digested in order of time, or a relation of events in chro-
nological order, each event being recorded under the year
in which it 1 appened. 2. The books containing annals.
AN'NATSj n. [L. annus.] A year's income of a spiritual
living.
AN-NeAL', v. t. [Sax. anmlan.] 1. To heat ; to heat, as
glass and iron, for the purpose of rendering them less brit-
tle, or to fix colors, jish. 2. To temper by heat.
AN-NeAL'ED, (an-neeld') pp. Heated ; tempered ; made
malleable and less brittle by heat.
AN-NeAL'ING, ppr. Heating ; tempering by heat.
AN-NEX', v. t. [L. annecto.] 1. To unite at the end ; to
subjoin, to affix. 2. To unite, as a smaller thing to a
greater. 3. To unite to something preceding, as the main
object ; to connect with.
AN-NEX', V. i. To join ; to be united. Tooke.
I AN-NEX', n. The thing annexed. Brown.
AN-NEX-a TION, n. The act of annexing, or uniting at
the end ; conjunction 5 addition ; the act of connecting 5
union.
AN-NEX'ED, (an-nexf) pp. Joined at the end ; connected
with ; affixed.
AN-NEX'ING, ppr. Uniting at the end •, afiixing.
AN-NEX'ION, n. The act of annexing ; annexation 5 addi-
tion. [Little used.]
AN-NEX'MENT, n. The act of annexing ; the thing an-
' nexed. Shak.
AN-Nl'HI-LA-BLE, a. That may be annihilated.
AN-Nl'HI-LATE, v. t. [L. ad and nihilum.] 1. To reduce
to nothing 5 to destroy the existence of. 2. To destroy
the form or peculiar distinctive properties, so that the
specific thing no longer exists.
AN-Ni'HI-LATE, a. Annihilated. Sioift.
AN-Nl'HI-LA-TED, pp. Reduced to nothing ; destroyed.
AN-Nl'III-LA-TING,;?^?-. Reducing to nothing; destroy-
ing the specific form of.
AN-Ni-HI-La'TION, 71. 1. The act of reducing to nothing
or non-existence ; or the act of destroying the form or
combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that
the name can no longer be applied to it. 2. The state of
being reduced to nothing.
AN-NI-VERS'A-RI-LY, adv. Annually. HalL
AN-NI-VERS'A-RY, a. [L. anniversarius.] Returning
with the year, at a stated time 5 annual ; yearly.
AN-NI-VERS'A-RY, n. 1. A stated day, returning with the
revolution of the year. The term is applied to a day on
which some remarkable event is annually celebrated. 2.
The act of celebration ; performance in honor of an
event.
f AN'NI-VERSE, n. Anniversary.
AN'NO DOM'I-Nl. [L.] In the year of our Lord, noting
the time from our Savior's incarnation : as. Anno Domini,
or A. D. 1800.
t AN-NOI'SANCE, n. A nuisance.
AN-NOM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. ad and nominatio.] 1. A
pun ; the use of words nearly alike in sound, but of dif-
ferent meanings •, a paronomasy. 2. Alfiteration.
AN-No'NA, n [L. annona.] The custard apple, a genus of
several species.
AN'NO-TATE, v. i. [L. annoto.} To comment ; to make
remarks on a writing. Tatlcr.
AN-NO-Ta'TION, n. [L. annotatio.l 1. A remark, note
or commentary on some passage of a book, intended to
illustrate its meaning. 2. The first symptoms of a fever
or attack of a paroxysm. Coxe.
AN'NO-TA-TOR, n. A writer of notes ; a commentator ; a
scholiast.
AN-NOT'TA, 71. Orlean, or roucou ; a hard, dry paste.
AN-NOUNCE', (ail-nouns') v. t. [Fr. annoncer.] l.To pub-
lish ; to proclaim ; to give notice, or first notice. 2. To
pronounce ; to declare by judicial sentence.
AN-NO(JN'CED, (an-nounsf) pp. Proclaimed ; first pub-
lished.
AN-NOUNCE'MENT, (an-nouns'ment) n. The act of giv
ing notice ; proclamation ; publication. Month. Mag.
AN-NOUN'CER, 71. One tliat announces, or first gives no-
tice ; a proclaimer.
AN-NOUN'CING, ppr. Introducing notice; first publish-
ing ; proclaiming.
AN-NOY', V. t. [Norm, annoyer.] To incommode ; to in-
jure or disturb by continued or repeated acts ; to tease,
vex or molest.
AN-NOY', n. Injury or molestation from continued acts or
inconvenience. Shak.
AN-NOY'ANCE, n. That which annoys, or injures ; tha
act of annoying ; the state of being annoyed.
AN-NOY'ED, (an-noyd') pp. Incommoded, injured or mo-
lested by something that is continued or repeated.
AN-NOY'ER, n. One that annoys.
t AN-NOY'FUL, a. Giving trouble ; incommoding ; mo-
lesting. Chaucer.
AN-NOY'ING, ppr. Incommoding ; hurting ; molesting.
t AN-NOY 'OUS, a. Troublesome. Chaucer.
AN'NU-AL, a. [Fr. annuel.] 1. Yearly ; that returns every
year ; coming yearly. 2. Lasting or continuing only one
year or season ; that requires to be renewed every year.
3. Performed in a year.
AN'NLT-AL, n. A plant that lives but one year, or rather
but one summer. Martyn.
AN'NU-AL-LY, adv. Yearly ; returning every year ; year
by year.
AN'NU-A-RY, a. Annual. J. Hall.
AN-Nu'I-TANT, n. One who receives or is entitled to re-
ceive an annuity.
AN-NU'I-TY, n. [Fr. annuite.] A sum of money, payable
yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life
or for ever ; an annual income, charged on the person of
the grantor ; or an annual allowance.
AN-NUL', V. t. [Fr. annuller.] 1. To make void ; to nul-
lify ; to abrogate ; to abolish. 2. To reduce to nothing ;
to obliterate.
AN'NU-LAR, a. [L. aniiulus.] Having the form of a ring j
pertaining to a ring.
AN'NU-LA-RY, a. Having the form of a ring. Ray.
AN'NU-LA-TED, a. Furnished with rings, or circles, like
rings ; having belts.
AN'NU-LET, n. [L. annulus.] In architecticre, a small,
square member in the Doric capital, under the quarter
round.— In heraldry, a little circle, borne as a charge in
coats of arms.
AN-NUL'LED, (an-nuld') pp. Made void ; abrogated.
AN-NUL'LING, jw- Abrogating ; abolishing.
AN-NUL'MENT, n. The act of annulling.
AN-NtJ'ME-RATE, v. t. [L. annumero.] To add to a form-
er number ; to unite to something before mentioned
Johnson.
AN-NU-ME-Ra'TION, n. Addition to a former number.
AN-NUN'CIATE, v. t. To bring tidings ; to announce.
Chaucer.
AN-NUN-ClA'TlON, v. L An announcing; the tidings
brought by the angel to Mary, of the incarnation of
Christ. Also the day celebrated by the church, in mem
ory of the angel's salutation of the blessed Virgin, which
is the 25th of March. 2. Proclamation ; promulgation
AN-NUN-CIa'TOR, n. One who announces.
AN'0-DYNE, n. [Gr. a or av, and oSwr].] Any medicine
whichallays pam, or causes sleep.
AN'O-DyNE, a. Assuaging pain ; causing sleep, or insen-
sibility_.
AN-0-DY'NOUS, a. Belonging to anodynes. Coles.
A-NOINT', V. t. [Fr. oindre.] 1. To pour oil upon ; to
smear or rub over with oil or unctuous substances ; also
to spread over, as oil. 2. To consecrate by unction, or
the use of oil. 3. To smear or daub. 4. To prepare, in
allusion to the consecrating use of oil.
A-NOINT'ED, pp. Smeared or rubbed with oil ; set apart
consecrated with oU.
A-NOINT'ED, 71. The Messiah, or Son of God.
A-NOINT'ER, n. One who anoints.
A-NOINT'ING, ppr. Smearing with oil ; pouring on oil, or
other oleaginous substance ; consecrating.
A-NOTNT'ING, 71. The act of smearing with oil j a conse-
crating.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ,— BIJLL, UNITE.- C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsclete
ANS
38
ANT
A-NOINT'MENT, n. The act of anointing, or state of being
anointed.
A-No'LE, 71. A species of lizard in the Wsst Indies.
A-XOM' A-LI-PE U, a. [Gr. avit)na\ia.] An epitliet given to
fowls, -vhose middle toe is united to the exterior by three
plialanges, and to the interior by one only.
A-JNfOM'A-LI-PED, ii. An anomalous-footed fowl.
A-jVOMA-LISM, 71. An anomaly ; a deviation from rule,
A-NO:,I-A-LIS'Tie, I a. Irregular ; departing from
A-NOM-A-LIS'Tr-€AL, ] common or established rules.
A-NOM'A-LOUS, a. Irregular ; deviatuig from a general
rule, method or analogy.
A-XOM'A-LOUS-LY, adv. Irregularly ; in a manner differ-
ent from common rule, method or analogy.
A-NOM'A-LY, 71. [Fr. anomalie,] I. Irregularity ; devia-
tion from the common rule. — 2. In astronomy, an irregu-
lari).y in the motion of a planet. — 3. In miisic, a false
scale or interval.
A-No'ME-ANS, 71. [Gr. avofioLOS.] In church histonj, the
pure Arians, as distinguished from the Semi-Arians.
A-No'MI-A, n. [Gr. avoixia,] A genus of bivalve shells, so
called from their unequal valves ; the beaked cockle.
AA^'0-MlTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus anomia.
AN-0-MO-RHOM'BOID, n. [Gr. avo[xoios.] A genus of
spars, pellucid, and crystalme, of no determinate form
externally.
AN'O-MY, 7!. [Gr. avofiia.] A violation of law. Bramhall.
[Rarely used.']
A-NON', adv. [Sax. oii an.] 1. Quickly ; without inter-
mission ; soon 5 immediately. 2. Sometimes ; now and
then ; at other times.
A-jVON'T-MOUS, a. [Fr. anonyme ; L. anonymus.'] Name-
less ; wanting a name ; without the real name of the au-
thor.
A-NON'Y-MOU&-LY, adv. Without a name.
AN O-PLO-THER, 1 n. [Gr. av, owXov and drjpiov.']
AN-0-PLO-THE'EI-Ui>I, \ A name which Cuvier has
given to a genus of animals.
A-NOP'SY, 71. [Gr. av and coi^.] Want of sight ; invision.
[Little wsefZ.]
AN'0-REX-Y, n. [Gr. a and ops^is.] Want of appetite,
without a lothing of food. Coxe.
AN-6TH'ER, a. [an, or one, and other.] 1. Not the same ;
different. 2, One more, in addition to a former number,
indefinitely. 3. Any other ; any different person, indefi-
nitelj^ This word is often used without a noun, becom-
ing a substitute for the name of the person or tiling.
t AN-6TH'ER-GAINES, adv. Of another kind.
t AN-oTH'ER-GATES, adv. Of another sort.
t AN-oTH'ER-GUESS, a. Of a different kijid.
AN-6TH'E?.-GUISE, a. Of a different kind ; different.
[This is a vulgar word, and usually contracted into othei--
guess.]
A-NOT'TA, 71. An elegant red color, formed from the pelli-
cles or pulp of the seeds of the bixa.
t A-NOUGH', A-NOW. See Enough, Enow.
AN'SA-TED, a. [L. ansatus.] Having a handle or handles,
or something in the form of handles.
AN'SER, 71. [L.J 1. In zoology, the name of the goose,
whether tame or wUd. — 2. In astronomy, a smaU star, in
the milky way.
AN'SER-INE, a. [L. anserinus.] 1. Resembling the skin
of a goose ; uneven. 2. Pertaining to the ansers.
AN'SERS, 71. In Liane's system, the third order of aves or
fowls.
t AN'SLaIGHT, (an'slate) ti. An attack ; an affray.
AN'SWER, (an'ser) v.t. [Sax. andsicarian.] 1. To speak
in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration
or argument of another person. 2. To be equivalent to ;
to be adequate to, or sufficient to accomplish the object.
3. To comply with, fulfill, pay or satisfy. 4. To act in
return, or opposition. 5. To bear a due proportion to ; to
be equal or adequate ; to suit. 6. To perform what was
intended ; to accomplish. 7. To be opposite to ; to face.
8. To write in reply ; to reply to another writing, by way
of explanation, refutation or justification. 9 To solve.
XN'SWER, V. i. 1. To reply ; to speak by way of return.
2. To be accountable, liable or responsible. 3. To vindi-
cate, or give a justificatory account of. 4. To correspond
with ; to suit with. 5. To act reciprocally. 6. To stand
as opposite or correlative. 7. To return, as sound rever-
berated ; to echo. 8. To succeed ; to effect the object in-
tended ; to have a good effect.
XNSWER, n. 1. A reply ; that which is said, in return to
a call, a question, an argument, or an allegation. 2. An
account to be rendered to justice. — 3. In laic, a counter-
statement of facts, in a course of pleadings ; a confutation
of what the other party has alledged. 4. A writing,
pamphlet or book, in reply to another. 5. A reverberated
sound ; an echo. 6. A return ; that which is sent in con-
sequence of some petition. 7. A solution, the result of a
mathematical operation.
AN'SW£R-A-BLE, a. i . That may be answered ; to
which a reply may be made. 2. Obliged to give an ac-
comit, or liable to be called to account ; amenable ; re-
sponsible. 3. Obliged or liable to pay, indemnify or
make good. 4. Correspondent ; agreeing with ; in con-
formity with. 5. Suitable ; suited 5 proportionate. 6
Equal ; correspondent ; proportionate.
AN SWER-A-BLE-NESS, ?i. The quality of being answer-
able, liable, responsible, or correspondent.
AN'SWER-A-BLY, adv. In due proportion, correspondence
or conformity ; suitably.
AN'SWERED, pp. Replied to ; fulfilled ; paid ; complied
with ; accomplished ; solved ; confuted,
AN'SWER-ER, n. One who answers ; he or that which
makes a return to what another has spoken ; he who
writes an answer.
AN SV\^ER-1NG, ppr. Replying ; coiTespondmg to ; fUlfiU
ing ; solving ; succeeding ; reverberating ; confutmg.
ANSAYER-JOB'BER, 7!. One who makes a business of
writing answers. Swift.
AN'T, in old authors, is a contraction of an it, that is, if it
See An.
ANT, 71. [Sax. amet.] An emmet ; a pismne.
tNT-l^IvCR ■ ''• ^ quadruped that feeds upon ants.
ANT-EGGS, 72.' Little white balls found in the hillocks tf
ants, usually supposed to be their eggs, but found, on ex-
amination, to be the young brood, in their first state.
ANT-HILL, n. A little tumulus or hillock, formed by ants,
for their habitation.
AN'TA, n. In ancient architecture, a square column, at the
corner of a building ; a pilaster ; written also aiHe.
ANT-AC ID, 71. In pharmacy, an alkali, or a remedy for
sourness or acidity ; better written anti-acid.
ANT-A€'RID, n. That which corrects acrimony ; better
written anti-acrid.
AN-TAG 0-NISM, t;. Opposition of action ; counteraction
of things or principles. Good.
AN-TAG'O-NIST, /?. [Gr. avTi and aywvKrrris.] 1. One
who contends with another in combat 5 used primarily in
relation to the Grecian games. An adversary. 2. An op-
ponent in controversy. Campbell. — 3. In anatoTuy, a mus-
cle which acts in opposition to another.
AN-TAG'O-NIST, ffi. Counteracting; opposing.
AN-TAG-0-NIS'TI€, a. Opposing in combat ; contending
aeainst.
AN-TAG 0-NlZE, v. i. To contend against ; to act in op-
position ; to oppose in argument.
t AN-TAG'0-NY, 7J. Contest; opposition. Milton.
AN-TAL'GliC, a. [Gr. avri and aXyos.] Alleviating pain ;
anodyne. [Little used.]
ANT-A-NA-CLa SIS, 7!. [Gr. avravaKXaaig.] 1. In rheto-
ric, a figure, which consists in repeating the same word
in a different sense ; as, whilst we live, let us live. 2. It
is also a repetition of words, beginning a sentence, after a
long parenthesis.
ANT-A-NA-Go'6E, 71. [Gr. avri and avayuyyr].] In rheto-
ric, a figure, which consists in replying to an adversary,
by way of recrimination.
ANT-A-'PHRO-DISI-AO, a. [Gr. avri and acppoSimos.']
Antivenereal ; having the quality of extinguishing or les-
sening venereal desire.
ANT-A-PHRO-DIsa-A€, n. A medicine that lessens or
extinguishes the venereal appetite.
ANT-A-PHRO-DIT 1€, a. Antivenereal, abating t^ie vene-
real appetite, or efiicacious against the venereal disease.
ANT-A-PHR0-DIT'1€, 71. A medichie which abates the
venereal appetite, or is good against the venereal disease.
ANT-A-P0-PLE€'TI€, a. Good against apoplexy.
ANT-AR€'TI€, a. [Gr. avn and ap/cro?.] Opposite to the
northern, or arctic pole ; relating to the southern pole, or
to the region near it
AN-Ta'RES, n. The name of a star of the first magni-
tude.
ANT-AR-THRIT'I€,
acting^tlie gout^
A remedy which cures or allevi-
[Gr. avri and apOpiris.] Counter-
ANT-AR-THRIT'I€, n.
ates the gout.
ANT-ASTH-MAT'I€, a.
the asthma.
ANT-ASTH-MAT'I€, n.
[Gr. uvn and ao-0jua.] Opposing
A remedy for the asthma.
AN'TE. a Latin preposition, the Greek avn, much used
in the composition of English words, especially in words
from the Latin and Greek languages. It signifies before
in place, in front ; hence, opposite, contrary ; and, figura-
tively, before in time. The Latin ante is generally "used
in the sense of before, and the Greek avn in that of oppo-
site, or in the place of.
AN'TE, or AN'TA, n. A pilaster.— In heraldry, ante de-
notes that the pieces are let into one another, in the man-
ner there expressed.
AN'TE-A€T, n. [L. aiite, and act.] A preceding act.
Ser Synopsis. A, E, I, O, t^, Y, long.-^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolets
ANT
39
ANT
AJV-TE-CE-Da'NE-OUS, a. Antecedent ; preceding in
time. Owen.
AN-TE-CeDE',u. t. To go before in time ; to p-ecede. Hale.
AJV-TE-CE'DEiVCE, n. Tbe act or state of g'jing before in
time ; precedence.
AN-TE-CE'DEiVT, a. Going before in time ; prior ; ante-
rior ; preceding.
AJ^-TE-Ce'DENT, n. That which goes before in time ;
hence, in icritings, that which precedes in place. — In
gravimar, the noun to whicii a relative or other substitute
refers. — In logic, the first of two propositions in an enthy-
meme. — In mathematics, the first of two terms of a ratio.
AN-TE-Ce'DENT-LY, ado. Previously ; at a time pre-
ceding.
AJV-TE-CES'SOE, n. [L.] 1. One who goes before ; a
leader ; a principal. 2. One that possessed land before
the present possessor.
AN'TE-CHaM-BER, n. A chamber or apartment before the
chief apartment to which it leads, and in which persons
wait for audience.
AN'TE-CHAP-EL, n. The part of the chapel through
which is the passage to the choir or body of it.
AN-Te'CIAN, n. [L. antmci.'] In geography, the antecians
are those inhabitants of the earth, under the same merid-
ian, and at the same distance from the equator, but on
opposite sides, one party north, the other south.
AN-TE-€UKS'0R, n. [L. aiite and cursor.] One who runs
before ; a forerunner.
AN'TE-DATE, n. Prior date ; a date antecedent to another.
Oood.
AN'TE-DATE, v. t. [L. ante and datum.] 1. To date be-
fore the true time. 2. To anticipate ; to take before the
true time.
AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AL, ) a. [L. ante and diluvium.] Before
AN-TE-DI-LU'VI-AN, ) the flood, or deluge, in Noah's
time ; existing, happening, or relating to what happened,
before the deluge.
AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AN, n. One who lived before the deluge.
t AN'TE-FA€T, n. That which represents the fact before
it occurs.
AN'TE LOPE, n. In zoology, the gaze! •, a genus of rumi-
nant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and goat.
AN-TE-LU'€AN, a. [L. antelucanus.] Being before light.
AN-TE-ME-RID'I-AN, a. [L. ante, and m.eridian.] Being
; before noon ; pertaining to the forenoon.
AN-TE-MET'ie, a. [Gr. avri, and emetic] Restraining or
allaying vomiting.
AN-TE-MET'I€, n. A medicine which checks vomiting.
AN-TE-MUND'ANE, a. [L. ante and mundus.] Being be-
fore the creation of the world.
AN-TE-Nl'CENE, a. [L. ante, and Mcene.] Anterior to the
first council of Nice.
AN-TEN'NjE, 71. plu. [L.] In zoology, the horns or feelers
of insects, projecting from the head.
AN-TE-NUM'BER, n. A number that precedes another.
AN-TE-NUP'TIAL, a. Being before marriage.
AN-TE-PAS€H'AL, a. Pertaining to the time before Eas-
ter. J^'elson.
AN TE-PAST, n. [L. ante and pastum.] A foretaste ; some-
thing taken before the proper time.
AN-TE-PE-NULT', n. [L. ante, peiie, and ultimus.] The
la^t syllable of a word except two.
AN-TE-PE-NULT'I-MATE, a. Pertaining to the last syl-
lable but two.
AN-TE-PI-LEP'TI€, a. [Gr. avri and £7riA?77rrt/cof.J Resist-
ing or curing epilepsy,
AN-TE-PI-LEP'TI€, n. A remedy for the epilepsy.
AN'TE-PONE, V. t. [L. antepono.] To set one thing before
- another.
AN-TE-PO-Si"TION, n. In grammar, the placing of a
word before another.
AN-TE-PRE-DI€'A-MENT, n. A preliminary question in
logic_; a question which is to be first known.
AN-TE'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. Before in time or place ; prior ;
antecedent ; preceding in time. 2. Before or in front in
place.
AN-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. The state of being anterior, pre-
ceding, or in front.
AN'TE-RooM, 71. A room before, or in front of another.
AN'TES, n. plu. [L.] Pillars of large dimensions that sup-
port the front of a building.
AN-TE-STAT'URE, n. In fortification, a small intrench-
ment, or work formed of palisades.
-r AN-TE-ST6M'A€H, n. A cavity which leads into the
stomach, as the crop in birds. Ray.
f AN'TE-TEM-PLE, ti. What we now call the nave in a
church.
f-AN-TE-VERT',7;. t. VL. antevcrto.] To prevent.
AN-TE-VIR-6IL'I-AN, a. A term given to Tull's new
husbandry, or method of horse-hoeing.
AN-THEL-MIN TI€, a. [Gr. avri and eX/ztvj.] Good
agamst worms.
AN-THEL-MIN'TI€, n. A remedy for worms.
AN'THEM. n. [Gr. avri and ujuvoj.] A hymn sung in alter-
nate parts ; but, in modern usage, a sacred tune, or piece
of music set to words.
AN'THEM- WISE, adv. In the manner of an anthem ; al-
ternately. Bacon.
AN'THE-MIS, 71. Camomile. Tate.
AN'THER, n. [L. anthera.] In botany, the summit or top
of the stamen, connected with the flower.
AN'THE-RAL, a. Pertaining to anthers.
AN-THE-RIF ER-OUS, a. [anther, and L.fero.] Producing
anthers. Barton.
AN-THES-Te Rl-ON, n. The sixth month of the Athenian
year.
AN-TH0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to anthology.
AN-TH0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. avdos and \oyos.] 1. A discourse
on flowers. 2. A collection of beautiful passages from
authors ; a collection of poems or epigrams.
AN'THO-NY'S FIRE. A popular name of the erysipelas
AN-THOPH'YL-LITE, n. [Gr. avBos and cpv'SXov.] A min-
eral.
AN'THO-RISM, n. [Gr. avri and opiaixog.] In rhetoric, a
description, or definition, contrary to that which is given
by the adverse party.
AN'THRA-CITE, n. [Gr. avOpa^.] Slaty glance-coal, or
columnar glance-coal ; that species of coal which has a
shining lustre, approaching to metallic, and which burns
without smoke, and with intense heat.
AN'THRA-eO-LITE. See Anthracite.
AN'THRAX, 7(. A carbuncle ; a malignant ulcer, with in-
tense burning.
AN-THROP'O-GLOT, n. [Gr. avBocoms and yXwrra.] An
animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, of
which kind are parrots.
AN-THRO-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avdpwTtos and ypacpn-] A
description of man, or the human race, or of the parts o<
the human body.
AN-THROP'0-LlTE, n. [Gr. avSpwyros and \idos.] A petri-
faction of the human body, or skeleton.
AN-THR0P-0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to anthropology •,
according to human mannei- of speaking.
AN-THR0-P0L'0-6IST, n. One who describes, or is versed
in the physical history of the human body.
AN-THRO-POL'0-GY, n. [Gr. avdpiOTOs and Xoyo?.J 1. A
discourse upon human nature. 2. The doctrine of the
structure of the human body ; the natural history or physi-
ology of the human species. 3. The word denotes that
manner of expression by which the inspired writers at-
tribute human parts and passions to God.
AN-THRO-POM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. avOpoyn-os and /iavraa.J
Divination by inspecting the entrails of a human being.
AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'ISM, n. The heresy of the anthro-
pomorphites.
AN-THRO-PO-jMORPH'iTE, 71. [Gr. avBpwiros and [xopcpr].]
One who believes a human form in the Supreme Being
A sect of ancient heretics are called anthropomorphites .
AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'OUS, a. Belonging to that which has
the form of man ; having the figure of resemblance to a man
AN-THRO-POP'A-THY, 71. [Gr. avep^^Tro? and XaBos.] The
affections of man, or the application of human passions to
the Supreme Being.
AN-THRO-POPH'A-GI, n. plu. [Gr. avdpwTrog and 0aya».]
Man-eaters ; cannibals ; men that eat human flesh.
AN-THRO-POPH'A-GOUS, a. Feeding on human flesh
AN-THRO-POPH'A-6Y, 71. The eating of human flesh, or
the practice of eating it.
AN-THRO-POS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. avdpwitog and o-<co7r£w.]
The art of discovering or judging of a man's character,
passions, and inclinations, from the lineaments of his body.
AN-THRO-POS<0-PHY, n. [Gr. ai/OpwTroj and cocpia-l
Knowledge of the nature of man ; acquaintance with
man's structure and functions.
AN-THYP-NOT'ie, a. [corrupt orthography.] See Anti-
HVPNOTIC.
AN-THY-PO-€HOND'RI-A€. See Antihypochondriac
AN-THY-POPH'O-RA. See Antihypophora.
AN-THYS-TER'1€. See Antihysteric.
AN'Tl. [Gr. See Ante.] A preposition, signifying
against, opposite, contrary, ov in place of ; used in many
English words.
AN-TI-AC'ID, a. Opposing or removing acidity. Often
written antacid.
AN-TI-AC'ID, 71. An alkali ; a medicine proper to correct
sourness, or acidity ; an absorbent, or an obtundent, or an
immutant.
AN-TI-A-MER'I-€AN, a. Opposed to America, or to the
United States ; opposed to the revolution in America.
Marshall.
AN-TI-A-P0S'TLE,7i. [Gr. avn, and apostle.] An adversa-
ry to the apostles.
AN-TI-AR-MIN'I-AN, n. He wbo opposes the Arminians*,
or Arminianism. Bp. Barlow.
AN-T[-AR-THRIT'I€, a. Good against the gout.
AN-TI-AR-THRIT'I€, n. A remedy for the gout.
* See Synapsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; <S as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
ANT
40
AN-T1-ASTH-MAT'1€, a. Good against asthma.
AN-T1-ASTH-MAT'I€, n. A remedy for the asthma.
AN-TI-BA€'€HI-US, n. [Gr. avri and /Sa/c^etof .] In foetry,
a foot of three syllables, the first two long, and the last
short, as ambire.
AN-TI-BA-SIL'I-€AN, a. [Gr. avTi and ^aaikiKTj.] Oppos-
ed to royal state and magnificence.
AN'Tie, a. [Fr. antique.] Odd ; fanciful.
AN'TI€, n. 1. A buffoon, or merry Andrew ; one that prac-
tices odd gesticulations. 2. Odd appearance ; fanciful
figures. — 3. In architecture, sculpture, mvA •painting, snch
pieces as were made by the ancients ; usually written
antique.
AN'TI€, V. t. To make antic. Shak.
AN-TI-€A-€HE€'TI€, a. [Gr.avn and KaxEurm-] Curing,
or tending to cure, an ill habit of the constitution.
AN-TI-€A-€HE€'TI€, n. A medicine that tends to cor-
rect an ill habit of body.
AN-TI-€A-TaR'RHAL, a. [Gr. avri and Karappoos.] Good
against catarrh.
AN-TI-€A-TAR'RHAL, n. A remedy for catarrh.
AN-TI-€AU-SOT'I€, a. [Gr. avri and Kavaos.] Good
against a burning fever.
AN-TI-€AU-SOTa€, n. A remedy for a burning fever.
AN'TI-CHaM-BER, n. Dr. Johnson prefers ante-chamber,
which see.
AN'TI-€HRlST, n. [Gr. avri, and Christ.] A great adver-
sary of Christ ; the man of sin.
AN-TI-€HRIS'TIAN, a. Pertaining to Anti-christ ; opposite
to, or opposing the Christian religion.
AN-TI-CHRIS'TIAN, n. A follower of Anti-christ ; one op-
posed to the Christian religion.
AN-TI-CHRIS'TIAN-ISM, n. Opposition or contrariety to
the Christian religion.
AN-TI-€HRIS-TIAN'I-TY, n. Opposition or contrariety to
Christianity.
AN-Tl€H'RO-NlSM, n. [Gr. avri and p^povoj.] Deviation
from the true order of time.
AN-TIC'I-PATE, «.«. [Ij. anticipo.] 1. To take, or act,
before another, so as to prevent him •, to take first pos-
session. 2. To take before the proper time. 3. To fore-
taste or foresee ; to have a previous view or unpression of
something future.
AN-TIC'I-PA-TED, pp. Taken before ; foretasted ; fore-
seen ', precluded ; prevented.
T AN-TIC'I-PATE-LY, adv. By anticipation.
AN-TIC'I-PA-TING, ppr. Taking before; foretasting;
precluding ; preventing.
AN-TIC-I^Pa'TION, n. 1. The act of taking up, placing, or
considering something before the proper time, in natural
order ; prevention. 2. Foretaste ; previous view or im-
pression of what is to happen afterward. 3. Previous
notion ; preconceived opinion, produced in the mind, be-
fore the truth is known ; slight previous impression. 4.
The attack of a fever before the usual time.
AN-TIC'I-PA-TOR, 7i. One who anticipates.
AN-TIC'I-PA-TO-RY, a. Taking before the time.
AN-TI-€LI'MAX, n. [Gr. avri and /cAj/ua|.] A sentence
In which the ideas fall or become less important and
striking at the close ; opposed to climax.
AN'TI€-LY, adv. In an antic manner ; with odd postures
and gesticulations ; with fanciful appearance.
AN'TIC-MASK, or AN'TI-MASK, n. A mask of antics.
AN-TI-€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Opposed to or against
the constitution. Bolingbroke.
AN-TI-€0N-STI-Tu'Ti6N-AL-IST, n. One opposed to
the constitution.
AN-TI-€ON-Ta'GION-IST, n. One who opposes the doc-
trine of contagion.
AN-TI-€ON-Ta'GIOUS, a. Opposing or destroying conta-
gion.
AN-TI-€ON-VUL'SiVE, a. Good against convulsions.
AN'T1-€0R, n. Among famers, an inflammation in a
horse's throat.
AN-TI-€0S-MET'I€, a. Destructive or injurious to beauty.
AN-TI-COS-MET'ie, n. Any preparation which injures
beauty,
t AN'TI-COURT, a. In opposition to the court.
AN-TI-€oURT'IER, n. One who opposes the court, or the
measures of administration.
AJ^f-TI-CRE-A'TOR, n. One that opposes the creator.
AN-TI-DEM-0-CRAT'I€, ) a. Opposing democracy.
AN-TI-DEM-0-€RAT'I-€AL, \ Mitford.
AN'TI-DO-TAL, a. That has the quality of preventing the
ill effects of poison, or of any thing noxious.
AN-TI-DO'TA-RY, a. Serving for a counter poison.
AN'TI-DOTE, n. [Gr. avn^oTOs.] 1. A medicine to coun-
teract the effects of poison, or of any thing noxious taken
into the stomach. 2. Whatever tends to prevent mis-
chievous effects, or to counteract the evil which some-
thing else might produce.
AN-TI-Do'TI-€AL, a. Serving as an antidote.
AN-TI-Do'TI-€AL-LY, adv. By way of antidote.
ANT
AN-TI-DYS-EN-TER'I€, a. Good against the dysentery, of
bloody flux.
AN-TI-DYS-EN-TER'I€, n. A remedy for dysentery.
AN-TI-E-MET'I€, a [Gr. avri and cfxeTiKos. \ Having the
quality of allaying vomiting.
AN-TI-E-MET'lC, n. A remedy to check vomiting.
AN-TI-EN-NE-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. avTi,£vvEa,aud eSpa.l
In crystalography, having nine faces on two opposite parts
of the crystal.
aN'TIENT. See Ancient.
AN-TI-EN-THU-SI-AS'TI€, a. Opposing enthusiasm.
aN'TIENT-RY, n. [more coixectly, ancientry.] Cast of
antiquity ; that which is ancient.
AN-TI-E-PISC'O-PAL, a. Adverse to episcopacy.
AN-TI-E-VAN-6EL'I-€AL, a. Contrary to orthodoxy, or
the genuine sense of the gospel.
AN'TI-FACE, n. Opposite face. Jonson.
AN-TI-FA-NAT'I€, n. An opposer of fanaticism.
* AN-TI-Fe'BRILE, a. That has the quality of abating fever.
* AN-TI-Fe'BRILE, n. A medicine that cures, abates, or
tends to allay fever.
AN-TI-FLAT'TER-ING, a. Opposite to flattering. Delany.
AN-TI-GUG'LER, n. A crooked tube of metal.
AN-TI-HE€'TI€, a. [Gr. avri and ektikoj.] That has the
quality of opposing or curing hectical disorders.
AN-TI-IIE€'Tie, n. A medicine that is good in the cure
of hectic disorders.
AN-TI-HYP-N0T'I€, a. [Gr. avri and vvvog.] Counteract-
ing sleep ; tending to prevent sleep or lethargy.
AN-TI-HYP-NOT'IC, n. A medicine that prevents ortenda
to prevent sleep. Coxe.
AN-TI-HYP-0-€HOND'RI-A€, a. [Gr. avri and viroxov-
SpiaKos.] That counteracts, or tends to cure, hypochondri-
ac affections.
AN-TI-HYP-0-€HOND'RI-A€, n. A remedy for hypo-
chondriac affections and low spirits.
AN-TI-HY-POPH'O-RA, n. [Gr. avri and virotpopa.] In
rhetoric, a figure, which consists in refuting an objection
by the opposition of a contrary sentence.
AN-TI-HYS-TER'I€, a. [Gr. avri and varspa.] Counter-
acting hysterics.
AN-TI-HYS-TER'1€, to. A medicine that cures or counter-
acts hysterical affections.
AN-TI-LOG'A-RITHM, n. The complement of the loga-
rithm of any sine, tangent, or secant, to 90 degrees.
AN-TIL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. avri and \oyos.] A contradiction
between any words or passages in an author.
t AN-TIL'O-aUIST, n. A contradictor. Diet.
t AN-TIL'0-aUY, n. An old word, denoting preface,
proem, or peroration.
t AN-TI-MA-6lS'TRI-€AIi, a. Opposed to the ofP.ce of
magistrates South.
AN-TI-MA'NI-A€, ) a. Counteracting or curing mad-
AN-TI-MA-NI'A-€AL, \ ness or frenzy.
AN'TI-MASK, n. A lesser mask. Bacon.
AN-TI-ME-TAB'0-LE, (an-te-me-tab'o-ly) n, [Gr. avri
and [xera^oM-] In rhetoric, a setting of two things in op-
position to each other.
AN-TI-ME-TATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. avri. and ixeraeecis.']
In rhetoric, an inversion of the parts or members of au
antithesis.
AN-TIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. avri and ixerpov.] An optical in-
strument for measuring angles.
AN-TI-MET'RI-€AL, a. Contrary to the rules of metre or
AN-TI-'mIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Opposed to the ministry, or
administration of government.
AN-TI-MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL-IST, 71. One that opposes the
ministry.
AN-TI-MO-NAR€H'I-€AL, a. Opposed to monarchy ; that
opposes a kingly government.
AN-TI-MO-NaRCH'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being
opposed to monarchv.
AN-TI-M0N'AR-€HIST, n. An enemy to ^juonarchy.
AN-TI-Mo'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to antimony ; relating to
antimony, or partaking of its qualities.
AN-TI-Mo'NI-AL, TO. A preparation of antimony ; a medi-
cine in which antimony is a principal ingredient.
AN-TI-Mo'NI-ATE, n. A compound or salt composed ot
antimonic acid and a base.
AN-TI-Mo'Nl-A-TED, a. Partakmg of antimony ; mixed
or prepared with antimony.
AN-TI-MON'l€, a. Pertaming to antimony.
AN-TI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Pertaining to antimony.
AN'TI-MO-NlTE, w. A compound of antimoniousacidai'd
a base.
AN'TI-MO-NY, n. [Fr. antimoinc] Primarily, a metallic
ore, consisting of sulphur combined with a metal. The
sulphuret of antimony, the stibium of the Romans, is a
blackish mineral, which stains the hands, hard, brittle,
full of long, shining, needle-like strice, and used in med-
icine and the arts.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, ■?, Zoto^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- ^iN, MARiNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
ANT
41
ANT
AN-Tl-MOR'AL-IST, n. An opposer of morality.
AN-TI-Mu'Sl-CAL, a. Opposed to music ; having no ear
for m'lsic. Jlmer. Review.
AN-TI-NE-PHRIT'ie, a. Counteracting diseases of tlie
kidneys.
AN-TI-NE-PHRIT I€, n. A medicine tliat tends to remove
diseases of tlie kidneys.
AN-TI-No'MI-AN, a. [Gr. avTi, and vo{xog.] Against law ;
pertaining to tlie Antiiiomians.
AN-Tr-No MI-AN, n. One of a sect who maintain, that,
under the gospel dispensation, the law is of no use or ob-
ligation ; or who hold doctrines which supersede the ne-
cessity of good works and a virtuous life.
AN-TI-No'MI-AN-iSM, n. The tenets of Antinomians.
* AN'TI-NO-MIST, n. One who pays no regard to the law,
or to good works.
* AN'Tl-NO-MY, ji. A contradiction between two laws, or
between two parts of the same law.
AN-TI-0'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to Antiochus, the founder
of a sect of philosophers.
AN-TI-Pa'PAL, a. Opposing popery.
AN-T1-PA-P1S'TI€, I a. Opposed to popery or papacy.
AN-TI-PA-PIS'TI-€AL, \ Jortin.
AN-TI-PAR'AL-LEL, a. Rimning in a contrary direction.
Hammond.
AN-TI-PAR-A-LYT'1€, a. Good against the palsy.
AN-TI-PAR-A-LYT'1€, n. A remedy for the palsy.
AN-TI-PA-THET'i€, \ a. Having a natural contrarie-
AN-TI-PA-THET'I-OAL, \ ty, or constitutional aversion
to a thing.
AN-TI-PA-THET'I-eAL-NESS, n. The quality or state of
having an aversion or contrariety to a thing.
AN-TIP'A-THOUS, a. Adverse. Beaumont.
AN-TIP'A-THY, n. [Gr. avri and irndog.] 1. Natural aver-
sion ; instinctive contrariety or opposition in feeling ; an
aversion felt at the presence, real or ideal, of a particular
object. — 2. In ethics, antipathy is hatred, aversion or
repugnancy ; hatred to persons ; aversion to persons or
things ; repugnancy to actions. — 3. In physics, a contra-
riety iri the properties or affections of matter, as of oil and
water.
AN-T1-PAT-RI-0T'[€, a. Not patriotic ; opposing the in-
terests of one's country.
AN-Tl-PE-DO-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. avrt, ttuis, i^aiSog, and
l^aiTTi^o).] One who is opposed to the baptism of infants.
AN-TI-PER-IS-TAL'TI€, a. Opposed to peristaltic , retro-
verted
AN-TI-PE-RIS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and nepLarams.] The
opposition of a contrary quality, by which the quality op-
posed acquires strength.
AN-T[-PER-IS-TAT'I€, a. Pertaining to antiperistasis.
AN-TI-PES-TI-LEN'TIAL, a. Counteracting contagion or
infection.
AN-TI-PHLO-eiS'TIAN, 7i. An opposer of the theory of
phlogiston.
AN-Tt-PHLO-6IS'TI€, a. Counteracting heat or inflamma-
tion ; tending to reduce arterial action ; opposed to the
doctrine of phlogiston.
AN-TI-PHLO-GIS'TIC, n. Any medicine or diet which
tends to reduce inflammation, or the activity of ihe
vital power.
AN'TI-PHON, n. The chant or alternate singing in choirs
of cathedrals.
AN-TlPH'0-NAL, AN-TI-PHON'I€, or AN-TI-PHON'I-
€AL, a. Pertaining to antiphony or alternate singing.
AN-TIPH'0-NA-RY, n. [Gr. avri and (p(j}vrj.] A service
book in the Catholic church.
AN-TIPIi'0-NER, 71. A book of anthems or antiphons.
Chaticcr.
AN-TIPH 0-NY, n. [Gr. uvtl and (pm'r].] 1. The answer
of one choir to another, when an anthem or psalm is sung
by two choirs ; alternate singing. 2. A species of psalmo-
dy, when a congregation is divided into two parts, and
each sings the verses alternately, 3. The words given out
at the beginning of a psalm, to which both the choirs are
to accomuiodate their singing. 4. A musical composition
of severa' verses, extracted from different psalms.
AN-TIPF RA-SIS, n. [Gr. avTL and (ppamg.] The use of
words In a sense opposite to their proper meaning.
AN-TI-PHRAS'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to antiphrasis.
AN-TI-PHRAS'TI-€AL, \ Ash.
AN-TI-PHRAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an an-
tiphrasis.
AN-TIP'O-DAL, a. Pertaining to the antipodes 5 having the
feet directly opposite.
*AN'TI-PODE, phi. Antipodes, n. [Gr. avrt, and novs,
7ro(5oj.] One who lives on the opposite side of the globe,
and, of course, "Nvhose feet are directly opposite to ours.
AN-TI-POI'SON, (an-te-poy'zn) n. An antidote for poi-
son.
AN'TI-POPE, n. One who usurps the papal power, in oppo-
sition to the pope.
AN'TI-PORT, n. An outward gate or door.
AN-TI-PRE^LAT'T-€AL, a. Adverse to prelacy
AN'TI-PRIeST, n. An opposer or enemy of priests.
AN-TI-PRIeST'€RAFT, n. ^/pposition to priestcraft
AN-TI-PRIN'CI-PLE, 71. An opposite principle.
AJS[-TI-PROPH'ET, n. An enemy or opposer of proph
ets.
* AN-TIP'TO-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and Trrwtnj.j In grammar ^
the putting of one case for another.
AN-Tl-PU'RI-TAN, n. An opposer of Puritans.
AN-'JT-UUa'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to antiquaries, or to
antiquity. As a noun, this is used for antiquary.
AN-TI-aUA'RI-AN-ISM, n. Love of antiquities.
AN'TI-Q,[JA-RY, n. [L. antiquanus .'] One who studies into
the history of ancient things, as statutes, coins, medals,
paintings, inscriptions, books and manuscripts, or search-
es for them, and explains their origin and purport ; one
versed in antiquity.
AN'TI QUATE, v. t. [L. antique ] To make old, or obso-
lete ; to make old in such a degi-ee as to pui out of use.
Hence, when applied to laws or customs, it amounts to
make void, or abrogate.
AN'TI-QUA-TED, jjp. Grown old ; obsolete ; out of use ;
having lost its binding force by non-observance.
AN'TI-QUA-TED-NESS, n. The state of being old, or ob-
solete.
ANTI-aUATE-NESS, n. The state of being obsolete.
AN-TI-aUA'TION, n. The state of being antiquated.
AN-TiaUE', (an-teekO a. [Fr.] 1. Old ; anr-^nt ; of genuine
antiquity. 2. Old, as it respects the piesent age, or a
modern period cf time ; of old fashion. 3. Odd ; wild ;
fanciful ; more generally written antic.
AN-TiQ,UE', (an-teek') n. In general, any thing very old ;
but, in a more limited sense, the remains of ancient artists,
as busts, statues, paintings aid vases, the works of Gre
cian and Roman antiquity.
AN-TiaUE'NESS, (an-teek'nes) n. The quality of being an-
cient j an appearance of ancient origin and workman-
ship.
AN-T1Q,'UI-TY, n. [L. antiquitas.] 1. Ancient times ; for-
mer ages 5 times long since past. 2. The ancients : the
people of ancient times ; as, the fact is admitted by all aii-
tiquity. 3. Ancientness ; great age ; the quality of being
ancient. 4. Old age. Skak. 5. The remains of ancient
times. In this sense it is usually or always plural.
AN-TI-REV-0-LU'TION-A-RY, a. Opposed lo a revolu-
tion ; opposed to an entire change in the form of govern-
ment. Burke.
AN-TI-REV-0-LU'TION-IST, n. One who is opposed to a
revolution in government.
AN-TI-SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN, n. One of a sect who oppose
the observance of the Christian Sabbath.
AN-TI-Sa'BI-AN, a. Opposed or contrary to Sabianism, or
the worship of the celestial orbs.
AN-TI-SA-CER-Do'TAL, a. Adverse to priests.
AN-T1S"CIAN, ) n. [L. antiscii.'] In geography, the inhab
AN-TIS"CIANS, \ itants of the earth, living on different
sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast.in
contrary directions.
AN-TI-S€OR-Bu TI€, or AN-TI-S€OR-Bu'TI-€AL, a
Counteracting the scurvy.
AN-TI-S€OR-Bu'TI€, n. A remedy for the scurvy.
AN TI-SCRIP'TU-RISM, n. Opposition to the Holy Scrip-
tures. Boyle.
AN-TI-S€RtP'TU-RIST, n. One that denies revelation
Boyle.
jAN'TI-SCRIPT, n. Opposition in writing to some other
writing.
AN-TI-SEP'TI€, a. [Gr. avri and cr]iTTos.'\ Opposing or
counteracting putrefaction.
AN-Tl-SEP'Tie, n. A medicine vi'hich resists or corrects
putrefaction.
AN-TI-So'CIAL, a. Averse to society ; that tends to inter-
rupt or destroy social intercourse.
AN-TISTA-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and cnraw.] A revulsion of
fluids from one part of the body to another.
AN-TI-SPAS-MOD'I€, a. [Gr. avri and o-Tracr/^o?.] Oppos-
ing spasm ; resisting convulsions ; as anodynes.
AN-TI-SPAS-M0D'1€, n. A remedy for spasm or convul-
sions.
AN~TI-SPAS'Tie, a. Causing a revulsion of fluids or hu-
mors. Johnson.
AN-TI-SPLEN'-E-TIC, a. Good as a remedy in diseases of
the spleen. Johnson.
AN-TIS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and orao-ff.] In oratory, the,
defense of an action from the consideration that, if it had
been omitted, something worse would have happened.
AN-TIS'TES, n. [L.] The chief priest or prelate.
AN-TIS'TRO~PHE, \n. [Gr. avri and arpocpri.] 1. Ingram-
AN-TIS'TRO-PHY, \ mar, the changing of things mutual-
ly depending on each other ; reciprocal conversion.
2. Among the ancients, that part of a song or dance, befoie
the altar, which was performed by turning from west to
east, in opposition to tlie strophe.
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, DoVE •,— BIJLL, UNITE.— € aa K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this.
f Obsolete
APA
42
APH
A figure which repeats a word
AN-TIS'TRO-PHON,
often. Milton.
A.N-T!-S7'RU-MAT'm, ffl. [L. anti and struma.'] Good
against scropuulous (f?§orders.
AN-Tl'J'H'EiSlS, n. [Gr.^^syuflecri?.] ]. In rAetoric, an oppo-
sition of words or sentini^fe j contrast ; as, " The prod-
igal robs his heir, tlie miser robs himself." 2. Opposition
of opinions; controversy,
Ai\-Tl-THET'1€, / a. Pertaining to antithesis ; con-
AN-1'1-THET'1-€AL, J taining or abounding with antith-
esis
AN-TITH'E-TON, n. [Gr. avTiOerov.] An opposite.
AN-Tl-TRlN-l-TA'RI-AN, n. One wlio denies the trinity,
or tlie existence of three pei-sons in the Godhead.
AN-T[-TR1N-1-Ta'RI-AN, a. Opposing tlie trinity.
AN-TI-TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AJS1-1SM, n. A denial of the trin-
ity.
AN'TI-TyPE,m. [Gr. avTirvnov.] A figure corresponding to
another figure ; that of which the type is the pattern or
representation Thus the paschal lamb, in Scripture, is
tlie type, of which Christ is the antitype.
\N-Tl-'i'YP'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to an antitype ; explain-
ing the type. Johnson.
AN-TI-Va'K1-0-L0US, a. Opposing the smallpox, jyied.
Rep.
AN-Ti-VE-Ne'RE-AL, a. Resisting venereal poison.
ANTLER, 71. A start or branch of a horn, especially of the
horns of the cervine animals, as of the stag or moose.
ANT'LERED, a. FurnisJied with antlers.
AN TCE'Cr, n. [Gr. avn and oikeu}.] Those inhabitants of the
eartli, who live under the same meridian, and at the same
distance from the equator ; the one toward the north, and
the other toward the south.
AN-TO'NI-AN, a. Noting certain medicinal waters in Ger-
many, at or near Tonstein.
AN-TO-NO-Ma'SIA, ) 71. [Gr. avTi and ovo[xa.] The use
AN-TO-NOM'A-SY, ) of the name of some office, dig-
nity, profession, science or trade, instead of the true
name of the person ; as when his majesty is used for a
king.
ANT-O-SI-AN'DRI-AN, n. One of a sect of rigid Luther-
ans, so denominated from their opposing the doctrines of
Osiander.
fAN'TRE, 71. [Ij. antrum.] A cavern. Skak.
AN'VIL, n. [Sax. anfilt, tenflt.] An iron block with a
smooth face, on which smiths hammer and shape their
work. Figuradvel/'^ any thing on which blows are laid.
Shak. To be on the anvil, is to be in a state of discussion,
forniation or preparation.
ANX-l'E-TUDE, 91. Anxiety, solicitude. [Little used.]
ANX-l'E-TY, (ang-zi'e-ty) n. [L. auzietas.] 1. Concern or
solicitude respecting some event, future, or uncertain,
which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful
uneasiness. — 2. In medical language, uneasiness ; un-
ceasing restlessness in sickness.
ANX'IO'US, (ank'shus) a. 1. Greatly concerned or solicitous
respecting something future or unknown ; being in pain-
ful suspense. 2. Full of solicitude ; unquiet. 3. Very
careful ; solicitous.
ANX'IOUS-LY, adv. In an anxious manner 5 solicitously ;
carefully ; unquietly.
ANX'IOUS-NESS, (ank'shus-nes) n. The quality of being
anxious ; great solicitude. Johnson.
AN'Y, (en'ny) a. [Sax. anig, arnig ; D. eenig ; Ger. einig.]
1. One, indefinitely. 2. Some ; an indefinite number, plu-
rally. 3. Some ; an indefinite quantity ; a small portion.
4. ft is often used as a substitute, the person or thing be-
ing ifriderstood. It is used in opposition to none
tAN'Y-WHITH-ER, ad». Anywhere, Barrow.
AN'Y-WISE (en'ny-wTze) is sometimes used adverbially,
but the two words may be separated, and used with a
preposition, in any wise.
A-o'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the muses, or to Aonia, in
Boeotia.
A O-RIST, n. [Gr. aopidTos.] The name of certain tenses in
th(; grammar of the Greek language, which express time
indeterminate.
A-0-RrST'I€, a. Indefinite 5 pertaining to an aorist, or in-
definite tense.
A-ORT'A, n. [Gr. loprr;.] The great arteiy, or trunk of the
arterial system, proceeding from the left ventricle of the
heart, and giving oiigin to all the arteries, except the
pulmonary arteries.
A-ORT'AL, a. Pertaining to the aorta, or great artery.
A-Ol''TA, n. The paper-mulberry tree in Otaheite.
APaCE', adv. With a quick pace ; quick ; fast 5 speedily ;
with haste ; hastily.
AP'A-GO-6E, or AP'A-GO-GY, n. [Gr. from anayw.] In
logic, abduction ; a kind of argument, wherein the greater
extreme is evidently contained in the medium, but the
medium not so evidently in the lesser extreme as not to
require furtner proof. Encyc.
AP-A-G0G'I-€AL, a. An apagogical demonstration is an
indirect way of proof, by showing the absurdity or im
possibility of the contrary.
AP-A-LACH'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the Apalaches, a tribe
of Indians, in the western part of Georgia ; and to the
southern extremity of the Alleghanean ridges,
A-PAN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. alio and avdpwiros.] An aversion
to the company cf men ; a love of solitude.
AP-A-RITH'ME-SIS, 71. [Gr.J In rhetoric, enumeration.
A-PaRT', adv. [Fr, aparte.] ]. Separately ; at a distance :
in a state of separation, as to place. 2. In a state of dis-
tinction, as to purpose, use or character. 3. Distinctly ,
separately. 4. Aside ; in exclusion of.
A-PART'MENT, 71. [Fr. apartement.] A room in a building ;
a division in a house, separated from others by partitions ;
a place separated by inclosure.
AP-A-THET'ie, a. Void of feeling ; free from p-assion ; in-
sens-ible. Harris.
AP'A-THY, n. [Gr. a and naOos.] Want of feelmg ; an
utter privation of passion, or insensibility to pain.
AP A-TITE, 71. A variety of phosphate of lime.
APE, n. [D. aap ; Dan. abe ; Sax., Sw. and Ir. apa ; Ice
ape.] 1. A genus of quadrupeds, found in the torrid zone
of botli continents, of a great variety of species. In com-
vion use, the word extends to all the tribe of monkeys and
baboons. 2. One who imitates servilely, in allusion to the
manners of the ape ; a silly fellow.
APE, V. t. To imitate servilely ; to mimick.
A-PeAK', adv. 1. On the point ; m a posture to pierce. — 2
In seamcn^s language, perpendicular.
AP'EN-NINE, G.' [L. Apenninus.] Pertaining to or desig-
nating a chain of mountains, which extend through Italy
AP'EN-NINES I ^' A chain of mountains in Italy.
A-PEP'SY,7i. [Gr. a and TrtTrrw,] Defective digestion ; indi-
_ gestion. Coxe. [Little used.]
a'PER, n. One who apes. — In zoology, the wild boar.
A-Pe'RI-ENT, a. [L. aperiens.] Opening •, deobstruent ;
laxative,
A-Pe'RI-ENT, n. A medicine which promotes the circula-
tion of the fluids, by removing obstructions ; a laxative ;
a deobstruent,
A-PER'I-TIVE, a. Opening ; deobstruent •, aperient.
t A-PERT', a. [L. apertus.] Open ; evident ; undisguised.
A-PER'TION, n. The act of opening ; the state of being
opened ; an opening ; a gap. [Little used.]
A-PEST'LY, adv. Openly. Bale. [Little used.]
A-PERT'NESS, n. Openness. [Rarely used.]
A-PERT'OR, n. A muscle that raises the upper eye-lid.
AP'ER-TuRE, ?i. 1. The act of opening ; an opening ; a
gap, cleft or chasm ; a passage perforated. 2. An opening
of meaning ; explanation. [jYot used.] Taylor.
A-PET'A-LOUS, a. In botany, having no petals, or flower-
leaves ; having no corol.
A-PET'A-LOUS-NESS, n. A state of being without petals.
a'PEX, 71. ; plu. Apexes. [L. apex ; plu. apices.] The tip,
point orsummit of any thing,
APH'A-NiTE, 71, In mineralogy, compact amphihole in a
particular state,
A-PHeL'ION, 7!. [Gr, ano and vXiog.] That point of a plan-
et's orbit which is most distant from the sun ; opposed to
perihelion.
APH-E-Re'SIS, n. [Gr. mro and aipew.] 1. The taking of a
letter or syllable from the beginning of a word. — 2. In the
healing art, the removal of any thing noxious. — In surge-
ry, amputation.
f A-PHe'TA, n. The name of a plant, which is the giver
of life in a nativity. Diet.
j A-PHET'I-GAL, a. Relating to the apheta.
APH-I-DIV'O-ROUS, a. Eating, devouring, or subsistmg
on the aphis, or plant-louse.
APH-I-LAN'THRO-PY, Tt. [Gr. a and (pi'\avepu)ma.] Want
of love to mankind. — In medicine, the first stage of melan-
choly, when solitude is preferred to society.
a'PHIS, n. In zoology, the puceron, vine-fretter, or plant-
louse ; a genus of insects, belonging to the order of he-
mipters.
APH-L0-GIS'TI€, a. [Gr. a and (pXayiaros.] Flameless ; as,
an aphlogistic lamp.
APH'O-NY, n. [Gr. a and (pwvrj.] A loss of voice ; a palsy
of the tongue ; dumbness ; catalepsy.
APH'0-RiSM, n. [Gr. a(popiaiJOs.] A maxim ; a precept, or
principle expressed in few words ; a detached sentence
containing some important truth.
APH'O-RiSM-ER, n. A dealer in aphorisms.
j- APTI'O-RIST, 71. A writer of aphorisms. JsTelson.
APH-0-RrS'TI€, \ a. In the form of an aphorism ; in
APH-0-R[S'TI-€AL, \ the form of short, unconnected sen-
APH-O-RIS'TI-CAL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of
aphorisms.
APH'RITE, n. [Gr, a(ppoi.] A subvariety of carbonate of
lime.
* See Synovsis. A, E, T, 6, V, Y, long.— FKTl, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARtNE, BIRD •,— f Obsolete.
APO
43
APO
APH Rl-ZlTE, n. A variety of black tourmalin
APH-RO-DfS'l-A€, or AFH-RO-DI-SI'A-OAL, a. [Gr.
a(:/)j)0(5tcnof.] Exciting venereal desire ; increasing the
api»etite for sexual connection.
APH-RO-DlS'I-A€, n. A provocative to venery.
APH'RO-DITE, n. [Gr. A(PpoSiTr].] A follower of Venus.
APH'RO-DITE, or APH-RO-DI'TA, n. 1. In zoology, a ge-
nus of the order of molluscas, called also sea-mouse. 2.
A name of Venus.
APH'THOiS'G, 71. [Gr. airo and ^doyyog.] A letter or com-
bination of letters, which, in the customary pronuncia-
tion of a word, have no sound.
APH'THOUS, a. [Gr. acpOai.] Pertaining to thrush ; of the
nature of thrush, or ulcerous affectioi^s of the mouth.
Bigelow.
APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. a and (pvWov, folium.'] In botany,
_ destitute of leaves.
A'PI-A-RY, 71. [L. apiariwn.] The place where bees are
_ kept ; a stand or shed for bees.
A'P[-AS-T£R, 71. The bird called a bee-eater, a species of
m crops.
A'PI-CES, A'PEX-rS. See Apex.
A-PIeCE', adv. To each ; noting the share of each.
A-PlK'CES, adv. In pieces. Beaumont.
A'PIS, 71. In mythology, an ox, worshiped in ancient
Egypt, or a divinity or idol in the figure of an ox.
A'PIS, 71. [li.] In zoology, the bee, a genus of insects.
aTISH, a. Having the qualities of an ape ; inclined to im-
itate in a servile manner ; hence, foolish, foppish, affect-
ed, trifling.
A'PISH-LY, adv. In an apish manner 5 with servile imi-
tation ; foppishly.
A'PISH-NESS, n. The quality of being apish ; mimicry ;
foppery.
A-PiT'PAT, adv. V^^ith quick beating or palpitation ; a
word formed from the sound, pit and paf_ or from beat.
AP-LA-NAT'I€, a. [Gr. a and n'Xavau).] An aplanatic tel-
escope is one which entirely corrects the aberration of
the rays of light.
AP-Lo'ME, n. A mineral closely allied to garnet.
AP-LUS'TER, ) n. [L.] An ensign, or ornament carried by
AP-LUS'TRE, \ ancient ships.
A-POG'A-LYPSE, n. [Gr. aTro/caXv-rrw.] Revelation ; dis-
covery ; disclosure. The name of a book of the New
Testament.
A-PO€-A-LYP'TI€, \ a. Containing or pertaining to
A-PO€-A-LYP'TI-€AL, S revelation ; disclosing.
A-PO€-A-LYP'TI-eAL-LY, adv. By revelation ; in the
manner of disclosure.
A-PO€'0-PATE, v.t. To cut off, or drop, the last letter or
svllable of a word.
A-POeO-PA-TED, pp. Shortened by the omission of the
last letter or syllable
A-POC'O-PA-TING, ppr Cutting off or omitting the last
letter or syllable.
A-POC'O-PE, ) n. [Gr. aTro/coTr??.] The cutting off, or omis-
A-POC'O-PY, \ sion of the last letter or syllable of a word.
A-POCRI-BA-RY, n. [Gr. airoKpicnq.'] Anciently , tx \es\deni
in an imperial city, in the name of a foreign church or
bishop, answering to the modern nuncio.
AP-O-CRUST'lC, a. [Gr. a-aoK^ovaTiKa.'] Astringent ; re-
pelling.
AP-0-€RUST'I€, n. A medicine which constringes and
repels the humors ; a repellent.
A-POCRY-PHA, V. [Gr. aizoKpvnrm, KpvnTOJ, to conceal.]
Literally, such things as are not published ; but in an ap-
propriate sense, books whose authors are not known, and
whose authenticity, as inspired writings, is not admitted.
A-PO€'RY-PHAL, a. Pertaining to the apocrypha ; not
canonical ; of uncertain authority or credit ; false ; ficti-
tious.
A-PO€'RY-PHAL-LY, atZu. Uncertainly •, not indisputably.
A-POC'RY-PHAL-NESS, n. Uncertainty as to authentici-
ty ; doubtfulness of credit, or genuineness.
AP'O-DAL, a. Without feet.— In zoology, destitute of ven-
tral fins.
AP'ODE, n. [Gr. a andnovi, TToSog.] An animal that has
no feet. — In zoology, an order of fishes.
A.P-0-DI€'TI€, la. [Gr. anoSei^ig.] Demonstrative;
AP-0-DI€'TI-€AL, ) evidentbeyond contradiction; clear-
ly proving. [Little used.]
AP-0-DI€'TI-€AL-LY, adv. So as to be evident beyond
contradiction.
t AP-0-DIX'IS, n. Demonstration. Sir O. Buck.
A-POD'0-SIS, 71. [Gr.] The application or latter part of a
similitude. Mede.
A-POD-Y-Te'RI-UM, n. [Gr. airoSvTepiov.] A dressing
room.
APO-GEE, n. [L. apogcon, apogeum.] That point in the
orbit of a planet, which is at the greatest distance from
the ear' h.
A-P06-I-A-Tu'RA, 77. [It.] A cadence in music.
AP'O-GON, n A fish of the Mediterranean, the summit 0.
whose head is elevated.
AP'0-GRAPH, 7i. [Gr. anoypa^ov.] An exemplar ; a copy
or transcript.
A-PUL-LI-NA'Rr-AN, a. [from Apollo.] The Apollinarian
games were celebrated in honor of Apollo.
A-POL-LI-JVA'Rl-Ai\S. In church history, a sect deriving
their name from Apollinaris of Laodicea.
A-POL'LO-BEL'VM)ERE. An ancient statue of the first
class in excellence.
A-POLL'YON, 71. [Gr. ano\\vu)v.] The destroyer ; a name
used Rev. ix. 11, for the angel of the bottomless pit.
A-POL-0-GET'IC, I a. [Gr. aTro\uyeuiiai.] Defending
A-P0L-0-6ET'I-€AL, ) by words or arguments ; excu-
sing ; said or written in defense, or by way of apology.
Boyle.
A-POL-O-GETT-CAL-LY, adv. By way of apology.
A-POL'0-GIST, n. One who makes an apology ; one who
speaks or writes in defense of another.
A-POL'0-GlZE, V. i. To make an apology ; to write or
speak in favor of, or to make excuse for.
A-POL'0-Gl-ZER, n. Defender. Hanmer.
AP'0-LOGUE, 7?. [Gr. an-oXoyof.] A moral fable; a story
or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey useful
truths.
t AP'0-LOGU-ER, 71. Fabler. Burton.
A-POL'0-GY, n. [Gr. airo'Xoyia.] An excuse ; something
said or written in defense or extenuation of what appears
to others wrong or unjustifiable.
t AP-0-ME-€OM'-E-TRY, 71. The art of measuring things
at a distance.
AP-0-NEU-Ro'STS, \ n. [Gr. ano and vtvpov.] An expan-
AP-0-NEtJ'RO-SY, \ sion of a tendon in the manner of a
membrane ; the tendon or tail of a muscle.
AP-0-PEMP'TI€, a. [Gr. airo and neimui.] Denoting a song
or hymn among the ancients, sung or addressed to a stran-
ger. It may be used as a noun for the hymn.
A-POPH'A-SIS, n. [Gr. a.'o and ^acrtj.] In rhetoric, a wa-
ving or omission of what one, speaking ironically, would
plainly insinuate.
* AP-0-PHLEG-MAT'I€, [See Phlegmatic] a. [Gr. otto
and (pXeyixa.] Masticatory ; having the quality of exciting
discharges of phlegm.
*AP-0-PHLEG-MAT'I€, 7?. A masticatory; a medicine
which excites discharges of phlegm from the mouth or
nostrils. Coze.
AP-O-PHLEG'MA-TISM, n. An apophlegmatic.
AP-0-PHLEG-MAT'I-ZANT, n. An apophlegmatic.
AP'-OPH-THEGM, or AP'0-THEM, n. [Gr. avro and <pBzy-
//.a.] A remarkable saying ; a short, sententious, instruct-
ive remark.
A-POPH'Y-GE, ) n. [Gr. arro and (pvyrj.] 1. In architecture,
A-P0PH'Y-6Y, \ the part of a column where it springs
out of its base ; the spring of a column. 2. A concave part
or ring of a column, lying above or beloAv the flat member.
A-POPH'YL-LITE, n. [Gr. airo and cpvWov.] A mineral.
A-POPH'Y-SIS, ) n. [Gr. utto and ((>vgis.] The projecting
A-POPH'Y-SY, ) soft end or protuberance of a bone a
process of a bone.
AP-0-PLE€'TI€, or AP-0-PLE€'TI-€AL, a. Pertaining
to or consisting in a-poplexv, or predisposed to apoplexy.
AP-0-PL,E€'TI€, 71. A person affected by apoplexy.
AP'0-PL'EXED, a. Affected with apoplexy. Shak.
AP'0-PLEX-Y, 71. [Gr. arroir'Xri^ia.] A sudden deprivation •>
all sense and voluntary motion, occasioned by repletion, or
whatever interrupts the action of the nerves upon the
muscles. Dryden uses apoplex for apoplexy.
AP'O-RON, or APO-RIME, n. A problem difficult to be
resolved.
t AP-OR-RHQS'A, 71. Effluvium. Glanville.
AP'O-RY, or A-Po'RI-A, n. [Gr. a-rropia.] 1. In rhetoric,
a doubting or being at a loss where to begin, or what to
say, on account of the variety of matter.— 2. In the 77?e^-
ical art, febrile anxiety ; uneasiness. Coze.
A-POS-I-O-PE'SIS, ) 71. [Gr. aTroaiwTrrjOLg.] Reticency or
A-POS-I-OP'E-SY, ) suppression ; as when a speaker,
for some cause, as fear, sorrow, or anger, suddenly
breaks off his discourse, before it is ended.
A-POS'TA-SY, n. [Gr. a-oaraatg.] 1. An abandonment
of what one has professed ; a total desertion or departure
from one's faith or religion. 2. The desertion from a
party to which one has adhered. — 3. Among physicians,
the throwing off of exfoliated or fractured bone, or the
various solution of disease. 4. An abscess.
A-POS'TATE, 71. One who has forsaken the church, «ect,
profession, or party, to which he before adhered.
A-POS'TATE, a. False ; traitorous. Spenser.
AP-OS-TAT'I-€AL, a. After the manner of an apostate.
A-POS'TA-TiZE, V. i. To abandon one's profession 01
church ; to forsake the principles or faith which one has
professed, or the party to which one has been attached.
* See Syllepsis. M(^VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. + Obsolete
APP
44
APP
A-POS'TA-TIZ-ING, ppr. Abandoning a church, profes-
To form into an abscess ; to swell
siou, sect, or party.
A-POSTE-kAlxI.r.
and fill witli pus,
A-FOri-TE-MA'TlON, n. The formation of an aposteme ;
tlie process of gathering into an abscess ; written, corrupt-
ly, impostkumation.
AP-OS-TEiM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to an abscess ; par-
taking of the nature of an aposteme Journ. of Science.
AP OS-TEME, 7J. [Gr. a7ro(77?;j/a.] An abscess ; a swelling
tilled with purulent matter ; written also, corruptly, im-
posthanie.
A.-POS-TE-RI-0E.I, [\j. posterior. '[ Axgwments a posteriori
are drawn from effects, consequences, or facts ; in oppo-
sition to reasoning a priori^ or from causes previous to
known results.
A-POS'TLE, (a-pos'-sl) n. [L. apostolus ; Gr. aTrooroXoff.]
A person deputed to execute some important business ;
but, appropriately, a disciple of Christ, commissioned to
preach the gospel.
The oiiice or dignity of an apostle.
A mission ; the dignity or office of
A-POS TLE-SHIP,
A-POS'l'0-LATE,'?i.
an apostle.
-^P-OS-TOL'ie, i
-^P-OS-TOL I-CAL, I
1. Pertaining or relating to the
apostles. 2. According to the doc-
trines of the apostle's ; delivered or taught by tlie apostles.
AP-OS-TOL'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of the apostles.
AP-OS-TOL'I-€ALr-NES£, n. The quality of being apos-
tolical, or according to the doctrines of the apostles.
AP-OS-TOL'I€S, 71. Certain sects so called from their pre-
tending to imitate the practice of the apostles.
A-POS TRO-PHE, I n. [Gr. airo and arpocpri.'] 1. In rhet-
A-POS'^f^RO-PHY, \ oric, a diversion of speech ; a digres-
sive address ; a changing the coui-se of a speech, and ad-
dressing a person, who is dead or absent, as if present. —
2. In grammar, the contraction of a word by the omission
of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by a com-
ma ; as, caWd for called. The comma used for this pur-
pose may also be called an apostrophe.
A-POS'TRO-PKI€, a. Pertaining to an apostrophe ; noting
the contraction of a word. Murray.
A-POS TRO-PHiZE, v. i. or t. 1. To make an apostrophe,
or short, detached address in speaking. 2. v. t. To con-
tract a word Ly omitting a letter or letters. 3. To mark
with a comma, indicating the omission of a letter.
A-POS TRO-PHIZED, pp. Addressed by way of digres-
sion •, contracted by the omission of a letter or letters 5
marked by an apostrophe.
A-POS'TRO-PHI-ZING, ppr. Addressing in a digression ;
contracting or marking by aj ostrophe.
APOS-TUME, n. An aposteme, which see.
AP-0-TA€'TITE, 71. \Gx. a-rroTaKTOi.] One of a sect of an-
cient Christians, who, in imitation of the first believers,
renounced all their effects and possessions.
AP-0-THE'€A, 71. [L.] An apothecary's shop.
A-POTIi'E-€A-Ry, 71. [L. apotheca.] 1. One who prac-
tices pharmacy ; one who prepares drugs for medicinal
uses, and keeps them for sale. 2. In the middle ages, an
apothecary was the keeper of any shop or warehouse.
APO-THEGM, m APO-TIIEM, 7i. [See Apophthegm.]
A remarkable saying ; a short, instructive remark.
AP-0-THEG-?»IAT 1€, ) a. In the manner of an apo-
AP-0-THEG-MAT'I-€AL, \ them.
AP-0-THEGMA-TIST, n. A collector or maker of apo-
thems. Pope.
AP-0-THEG'MA-TlZE, v. i. To utter apothems, or short,
instnictive sentences.
AP'0-THEME, n. In Russia, an apothecary's shop.
AP-O-THe'O-SIS, 7i. [Gr. anodeujais.] Deification ; conse-
cration ; the act of placing a prince, or other distinguish-
ed person, among the heathen deities.
A -POTH'E-SIS, 71. [Gr.] 1. The reduction of a dislocated
bone. 2. A place on'the south side of the chancel, in
the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books,
■vestments, &c. Wheler.
'V.-POT'O-ME, ) n. [Gr. aTrorr/ivw.] 1. In mathematics, the
A-POT 0-MY, \ difference between two mcommensura-
bl^ quantities. — 2, In music, that portion of a tone major
which remains after deducting from it an interval, less,
by a ftmma, than a semitone major.
AP-0 -TREP SIS, n. [Gr. aTro and rpsTrw.] The resolution
of a suppurating tumor. Coze.
AP'O-TRO-PY. r.. [Gr. a-izo and rpETrw.] In ancient poetry,
a verse or hymn composed for averting the wrath of m-
censed deities.
AP'O-ZEM, 77. [Gr. aTroand ^£0).] A decoction, in which
the medicinal substances of plants are extracted by boil-
ing.
A.P-0-ZEI\I'I-€AL, a. Like ^ decoction. Whitaker.
\ AP-PAIR', V. t. To impair.
. AP-PAlR', V. i. To degenerate.
AP-PALL', V. t. [Ft. palir ; L. palleo.] 1. To depress or
discourage with fear •, to impress with fear, in such a
manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness 2
To reduce, allay, or destroy. [Unusual.] Thomson.
AP-PALL', V. i. To grow faint ; to be dismayed.
AP-P*A.LL'ED, pp. Depressed or disheartened with fear
AP-PALL'ING,p;7r. Depressing with fear ; reducing.
AP-PALL'MENT, 71. Depression occasioned by fear ; dis-
couragement.
AP'PA-iVAGE, n. [Fr. apanage.] 1. Lands appropriated
by a prince to the maintenance of his younger sons. 2.
Sustenance ; means of nourishing. Swift.
AP-PA-Ra'TUS, 71. ; plu. Apparatuses. [L.] 1. Things
provided as means to some end 5 the fumitu/e of a
house ; instruments of war ; a complete set of instruments
or utensils, for performing any operation. — 2. In surgery,
the operation of cutting for the stone.
AP-PAR'EL, 71. [Fr. appareil.'] 1. Clothing ; vesture ;
garments ; dress, 2. External habiliments or decora-
tions ; appearance. 3. The furniture of a ship, as sails,
rigging, anchors, &c.
AP-PAR'EL, V. t. 1. To dress or clothe. 2. To adorn
with dress. 3. To dress with external ornaments ; to
cover, as with garments. 4. To furnish with external
apparatus.
AP-PAR'ELED, pp. Dressed ; clothed ; covered as with
dress -, furnished.
AP-PAR'EL-ING, ppr. Dressing ; clothing ; covering as
with dress ; furnishing.
t AP-PA'REx\CE, (ap-pair'ens) / 71. Appearance. Chau-
\ AP PA'REN-CY, (ap-pair'en-sy) J cer. Oower.
AP-PA'RENT, (ap-pair'ent) a. 1. That may be seen ; visi-
ble to the eye ; within sight or view. 2. Obvious ; plain ;
evident ; indubitable. 3. Visible -, in opposition to hid or
secret. 4. Visible ; appearing to the eye 5 seeming, in
distinction from true or real. — Heirs apparent are those
whose right to an estate is indefeasible, if they survive
the ancestor 5 in distinction from presumptive heirs, who,
if the ancestor should die immediately, would inherit,
but whose right is liable to be defeated by the birth of
other children. Blackstone.
AP-PA'RENT-LY, (ap-pair'ent-ly) adv. 1. Openly ; evi
dently. 2. Seemingly ; in appearance.
AP-PA'RENT-NESS, (ap-paur'ent-ness) n. That which ia
apparent.
AP-PA-Rl 'TION, 77. 1. In a general sense, an appear-
ance 5 visibility. [Little used.] Milton. 2. The thing
appearing •, a visible object ; a form. Milton. 3. A
ghost ; a spectre •, a visible spirit. [ This is now the usual
sense of the v-ord.] 4. Mere appearance, opposed to re-
ality. Dcnham.
AP-PAR'I-TOR, 77. [L. apparo.] Among the Romans, any
officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute
their orders. — In England, a messenger or officer who
serves the process of a spiritual comt, or a beadle in the
university who carries the mace.
t AP-PAY'," V. t. [Sp. apagar.] To satisfy.
t AP-PeACH', v. t. To accuse ; to censure.
t AP-PeACHER, n. An accuser.
t AP-PeACII'MENT, 71. Accusation ; charge exhibited.
AP-PeAL', v. i. [Fr. appeler ; L. appello.] 1. To refer to
a superior judge or court, for the decision of a cause de-
pending, or the revision of a cause decided in a lower
court. 2. To refer to another for the decision of a question
contioverted, or the counteraction of testimony or facts.
AP-PeAL', v. t. To call or remove a cause from an inferior
to a_superior judge or comt.
AP-PeAL', v. t. In criminal law, to charge with a crime ;
to accuse ; to institu-te a criminal prosecution.
AP-PeAL', 77. 1. The removal of a cause or suit from an
inferior to a superior tribunal ; -also, the right of appeal.
2. An accusation ; a process instituted by a private per-
son against a man for some crime by which he has been
injured. 3. A summons to answer to a charge. 4. A
call upon a person ; a reference to Einother for proof or
decision. 5. Resort ; recourse.
AP-PeAL'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be appealed ; that may
be removed to a higher tribunal for decision. 2. That
mav be accused or called to answer by appeal.
t AP-PeAL'ANT, 77. One who appeals. Shah
AP-Pi^AL'ED, (ap-peeld') pp. Removed to a higher court,
as a cause ; prosecuted for a crime by a private person,
as a criminal.
AP-PeAL'ER, 77. One who appeals ; an appellor.
AP-PeALTNG, ppr. Removing a cause to a higher tribu-
nal ; prosecuting as a private person for an oflense ; re-
ferring to another for a decision.
A?-PeAR', v. i. [L. appareo.] 1. To come or be in sight ;
to be in view ; to be visible. 2. To become visible to
the eye, as a spirit, or to the apprehension of the mind ;
a sense frequent in Scripf.ure. 3. To stand in presence of,
as parties or advocates before a court, or as persons to be
tried. 4. To be obvious ; to be known, as a subject of
observation or comprehension. 5. To be clear or made
clear by evidence. 6. To seem, in opposition to reality
7. To be discovered, or laid open.
* See Synopsis A, E, T, o, V^, Y, long.—YkVi, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete
APP
45
APP
\ AP-PeAR', n. Appearance
AP-Pk.AJR AXCE, n. 1. The act of coming into sight ; the
act of becoming visible to the eye. 2. The thing seen ; a
phenomenon. 3. Semblance ; apparent likeness. 4. Ex-
ternal show ; semblance assumed, in opposition to reality
or substance. 5. Personal presence ; exhibition of the
person. 6. Exhibition of the character ; introduction of
a person to the public in a particular character. 7. Prob-
ability ; likelihood. Bacon. 8. Presence ; mien ; figure,
as presented by the person, dress, or manners. 9. A be-
ing present in court ; a defendant's filing common or
special bail to a process. 10. An apparition. Addison.
AP-Pe.IR'ER, n. The person that appears.
AP-PeAR'ING, ppr. Coming in sight ; becoming evident ;
making an external show ; seeming 5 having the sem-
blance.
AP-PeAR E\G, n. The act of becoming visible ; appearance.
AP-PeAS'A-BLE, a. That may be appeased, quieted,
calmed, or pacified.
AP-PeAS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being appeasa-
ble._
AP-PeASE', v. t. [Ft. apaiser.] To make quiet ; to calm ;
to reduce to a state of peace 5 to still ; to pacify.
AP-PeAS'ED, (ap-peezd') pp. Quieted ; calmed ; pacified.
AP-PeASEMENT, n. The act of appeasing ; the state of
being in peace.
AP-PeAS'ER, 71. One who appeases, or pacifies.
AP-PeAS'IVE, (ap-pe'-siv) a. Having the power to ap-
pease ; mitigating ; quieting.
t AP-PEL LAN-CY, 7!.. An appeal.
AP-PEL'LANT, n, 1. One who appeals, or removes a
cause from a lower to a higher tribunal. 2. One who
prosecutes another for a crime. 3. One who challenges
or summons another to single combat. — 1. In church his-
tory, one who appeals from the Constitution Unigenitus
to a general council. Milton.
f AlP-PEL'LATE, n. A person appealed, or prosecuted for
a crime. See Appellee. Ayliffe.
AP-PEL'LATE, a. Pertaining to appeals ; having cogni-
ZEmce of appeals 5 as, " appellate jurisdiction." Const, of
U.S. Burke.
AP-PEL-La TION, 7!. [L. appellatio.] Name ; the word by
which a thing is called and known. Spenser uses it for
appeal.
AP-PEL'LA-TiVE, a. Pertaining to a common name ; no-
ting the common name of a species.
AP-PEL'LA-TiVE, n. A common .name, in distinction
from a proper name. A common name, or appellative,
stands for a whole class, genus or species of beings, or
for universal ideas.
AP-PEL'LA-TTYE-LY, adv. According to the manner of
nouns appellative ; in a manner to express whole classes
or species.
AP-PEL'LA-TO-RY, a. Containing an appeal.
AP-PEL-LEE', n. 1. The defendant in an appeal. 2. The
person who is appealed, or prosecuted by a private man
for a crime.
AP-PEL-LOR', n. The person who institutes an appeal, or
prosecutes another for a crime. Blackstone.
AP-PEND', V. t. [L. appendo.] 1. To hang or attach to, as
by a string, so that the thing is suspended. 2. To add, as
ail accessory to the principal thing. Johnson.
AP-PEXD'A6E, n. Something added to a principal or
greater thing.
fAP-PEXD'ANCE, or f AP-PEXD'ENCE, n. Something
annexed. Bp. Hall.
AP-PEXD'AXT, a. Hanging to; annexed; belonging to
something ; attached.
AP-PEND AXT, ?i. That which belongs to another thing,
as incidental or subordinate to it.
AP-PEXD ED, pp. Annexed ; attached.
t AP-PEXD'I-€ATE, v. t. To append ; to add to. Hale.
t AP-PEX-DI-€a'TION, n. An appendage or adjunct.
AP-PEXD I-€LE, 71. A small appendage.
AP-PEXT)'IXG, 7!. That which is bv right annexed.
AP-PEXD IX, n. ; phi. Appe>-dixes. [L. The Latin plural
is appendices.] I. Something appended or added. 2. An
adjunct, concomitant, or appendage. 3. More generally,
a supplement or short treatise added to a book.
fAP-PER-CElYE', r. f. \Ft. apercevoir.] To comprehend.
t AP-PER-Ci?IY'IXG, 7!. Perception. Chaucer.
AP-PER-CEP'TIOX, n. Perception that reflects upon itself;
consciousness. Reid.
\ AP-PER'IL, n. Peru ; danger. Shal:
AP-PER-TaIX'', v. i. [Fr. appartenir ; L. ad and pertineo.]
To belong, whether bv right, naUire or appointment.
AP-PER-TaIX'IXG, vp. Belonging.
AP-PER-TaIX'MEXT, 71. That which belongs.
t AP-PER TE-XAXCE, v. t. To have as right belonging.
AP-PER'TE-XEXCE, n. See Appurte>-ance.
AP-PER TT-X'^EX^T, a. Belonging; now written appurte-
nant. Shak.
t AP-PER TI-NENT, 77. That which belongs to something
else. S^ a A:. See ApptrRTzxANCE.
AP'FE-TENCE, ) n. [L. appetentia.] 1. Desire ; especial
AP'PE-TEN-CY, ] ly carnal desire ; sensual appetite.
2. The disposition of organized bodies to select and im-
bibe such portions of matter as serve Zo support and nour-
ish them. 3. An inclination 01 propensity in animals to
perform certain actions, as in the young to suck-, in
aquatic fowls to enter into water and "to swim.
AP'PE-TEXT, a. Desiring ; very desirous. Buck.
AP-PE-TI-BIL'1-TY, 71. The quality of being desirable foi
gratification.
AP'PE-TI-BLE, a. [Low L. appetiMlis.] Desirable ; that
may bethe object of sensual desire.
APPE-TlTE, 7!. [L. appetittis.'] I. The natural desire of
pleasure or good ; the desire of gratification, either of tlie
body or of the mind. 2. A desire of food or drink ; a pain-
ful sensation occasioned by liunger or thirst. 3. Strong
desire ; eagerness or longing. 4. The thing desired
Swift.
t AP'PE-TlTE, V. t. To desire. Sir T. Elyot.
AP-PE-Tl"TIOX% n. [L. appetitio.] Desire. [Rarely used.]
t AP-PE-Tl'iTIOUS, a. Palatable ; desirable.
AP'PE-Tl-TiYE, a. That desires ; tliat has the quality of
desiring gratification.
AP'PI-AN, a. Designating something that belongs to Appius,
particularly a way from Rome through Capua to Brundu-
sium, nowBrindisi, constructed by Appius Claudius.
AP-PLAUD', V. t. [L. cpplaudo.] 1. To i)raise by clapping
the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign. 2. To
praise by words, actions, or other means ; to express ap-
probation of; to commend.
AP-PLAUD ED, pp. Praised by acclamation, or other
mean's ; commended.
AP-PLAUD'EK, n. One who pi-aises or commends.
AP-PLAUD'J.NG, ppr. Praising by acclamation ; commend-
ing. ■"
AP-PLAUSE', 72. [L. applausus.] A shout of approbation ;
approi3ation and praise, expressed by clapping the hands,
acclamation or huzzas ; approbation expresse"d.
AP-PLAL'SIYE, a. Applauding ; containing applause.
AP'PLE, 7!. [Sax. appl, appil ; D. appel ; Ger. apfel ; Dan.
ccble : Sw. aple.] 1. Tlie fruit of the apple-tree, [pyrus
vialus,] from w'hich cider is made. 2. The apple of the
eye is th« pupil. — Apple of love, or love apple, the tomato,
a species of solamun.
AP'PLE, -c. t. To form like an apple. Marshal.
AP'PLE-GRAFT, n. A scion of he apple-tree ingrafted.
APPLE-HAR-YEST,7i. The githering of apples, or the
time of gathering.
AP'PLE-JOHX". See John-Apple.
AP'PLE-PIE, 77. A pie made of apples stewed or baked,
inclosed in paste.
AP PLE-8AUCE, 77. A sauce made of stewed apples.
AP'PLE-TART, 77. A tart made of apples baked on paste.
AP'PLE-TREE, n. A tree arranged by Linne under the
genus pyrus. Tlie fruit of this tree is indefinitely various.
The crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from
which all others have sprung.
AP PLE-WoM-AX , 7i. A woman who sells apples and
other fruit.
AP'PLE- Yard, 71. An orchard ; an inclosure for apples.
fAP-PLl'A-BLE, a. [Sec Apply.] That may be applied.
This word is superseded bv applicable.
t AP-PLI'AXCE, n. The act" of applying, or thing applied.
^YP-PLI-CA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being applicable,
or fit to be applied.
AP'PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may be applied ; fit to be appli-
ed, as related to a thing ; that may have relation to some-
thing else.
AP'PLI-CA-BLE-XESS, n. Fitness to be applied ; the qual-
ity of being applicable.
AP'PLI-€A-BLY, adv. In such a manner that it may be ap-
plied.
AP'PLI-CAX'^T, 77. One who applies ; one who makes re-
quest ; a petitioner.
APPLI-CATE, w. A right line drawn across a curve, so as
to be bisected by the diameter ; an ordinate.
t APPLI-CATE, V. I. To applv. Pearson.
AP PLI-€ATE-OR'DI-xXATE." A right line at right angles
applied to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by
the cun-e. Bailey.
AP-PLI-€a'TIOX, 7i. [L. applicatio.] 1. The act of laying
on. 2. The thing applied. 3. The act of making request,
or soliciting. 4. The act of applying as means ; the em-
ployment of means. 5. The act of fixing the mind ; in-
ten'seness of thought ; close study ; attention. 6. Tne
act of directing or referring something to a particular
case, to discover or illustrate the agreement or disagree-
ment. — 7. In sermons, that part of the discourse in which
the principles before laid down and illustrated are appli-
ed to practical uses.
AP'PLI-€A-TiYE, a. That applies. Bramhall.
AP'PLI-€A-TC- RI-LY", adv. In a manner which applies.
AP'PLI-€A-TO-RY, a. That includes the act of applying
AP'PLI-CA-TO-RY, 72. That which applies. Taylor.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE - € as K ; 0^ as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
APP
APP
Al* TLT'ED, (ap-pllde') pp. Put on ; put to ; directed ; em-
ployed.
f AP-PLI'ED-LY, adv. In a manner which may be applied.
AP-PLl'ER, n. One that applies.
f AT-PLl'MKNT, n. A^jplication. Marstun.
AP-PLY'j V. t. [L. applicu.] 1. To lay on ; to put one thing
to another. 2. To use or employ for a particular purpose,
or in a particular case. 3. To put, refer or use, as suita-
ble or relative to something. 4. To fix the mind ; to be-
take ■, to engage and employ with attention. 5. To ad-
dress or direct. Pope. 6. To make application ; to have
recourse by request. 7. To busy ; to keep at vi^ork 5 to
ply. lObs.] Sidney.
AP-PLY', v. i. 1. To suit ; to agree ; to have some connec-
tion, agreement or analogy. 2. To make request ; to so-
licit ; to have recourse, with a view to gain something.
AV-PIjV:'1NG, ppr. Laying on ; making application.
AP-POINT', V. t. [Fr. appointer.] 1. To fix ; to settle ; to
establish ; to make fast. 2. To constitute, ordain, or fix
by decree, order or decision. 3, To allot, assign or desig-
nate. 4. To purpose or resolve ; to fix the intention. 5.
To ordain, command or order. 6. To settle ; to fix, name
or determine by agreement.
AP-POINT' A-BLE, a. That may be appointed or constitut-
ed. Madison.
AP-POINT'ED, pp 1 Fixed ; set ; established ; decreed ;
ordained ; constituted ; allotted 2. Fui-nished ; equipped
with things necessary
AP POIJNT-TEE', n. 1. A person appointed. Wkzaton's Re-
ports. 2. A foot soldier in the French anny, who, for
long service and bravery, receives mo'-e pay than other
privates. Bailey.
AP-POINT'ER, n One who appoints.
AP-POINT'ING, ppr. Setting ; fixing ; crdammg ; consti-
tuting ; assigning.
AP-POINT'MENT, n. 1. The act of appointing ; designation
to otfice. 2. Stipulation ; assignation ; the act of fixing
by mutual agreement. 3. Decree ; established order or
constitution. 4. Direction ; order ; command. 5. Equip-
:i ent, furniture, as for a ship, or an army ; whatever is
appointed for use and management. 6. An allowance to a
person ; a salary or pension, as to a public officer. 7. A
devise or grant to a charitable use.
t AP-PoRT'ER, 71. [Fr. apporter.] A bringer in ; one that
brings into the country
AP-PoR'TION, V. t. [L. id and portio.] To divide and as-
sign in just proportion •, to distribute, among two or more,
a just part or share to each.
r AP-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. Just proportion.
AP-PoR'TIONED, pp. Divided ; set out or assigned in suit-
able parts or shares.
AP-PoR'TION-ER, n. One that apportions.
AP-PoR'TION-ING, ppr. Setting out in just proportions or
shares.
AP-PoR'TION-lVIENT, n. The act of apportioning ; a di-
vidijig into just proportions or shares.
AP-PoS£', V t. [Fr. apposer.] 1. To put questions ; to ex-
amine. Bacon. 2. To apply. Harvey.
AP-P6S'ER. n. An examine^ j one whose business is to put
questions.
AP'PO-SiTE, a. [L. appositus.'] Suitable ; fit ; very applica-
ble ; well adapted.
AP'PO-f?iTE-LY, adv. Suitably ; fitly ; properly.
APPO-STTE-NESS, ?i. Fitness; propriety; suitableness.
AP-PO ?i"TION, n. 1. The act of adding to ; addition ; a
setting to. — 2. In grammar, the placing of two nouns in
the same case, without a connecting word between them.
f AP-POS'I-TlVE, a. Applicable. KnatchbuU.
AP-PRaISE , (ap-praze') v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] To set a
value ; to estimate the worth, particularly by persons ap-
pointed for the purpose. See Apprize.
AP-PRaISE'MENT, ??. The act of setting the value ; a val-
uation. See Affrizememt.
AP-PRaIS ER, n. One who values. See Apprizer
tAP-PRE-€A'TION, n. [L. app^-ecor.] Earnest prayer.
Hall
AP PRE-€A-TO-RY, a. Praying or wishing any good.
AP-PRe'CIA-BLE, (ap-pre'sha-bl) a. 1. That may be ap-
preciated ; valuable. 2. That may be estimated ; capable
of being dulv estimated.
AP-PRe OIATE, (ap-pre'shate) v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] 1. To
value ; to set a price or value on ; to estimate. 2. To
raise the value of. Ravisay.
AP-PRe CI ate, v. i. To rise in value ; to become of more
vahie.
AP-PRe'CTA-TED, pp. Valued; prized ; estimated; ad-
vanced in value.
AP-PRe'CIA-TING, ppr. Setting a value on ; estimating ;
rising in value.
AP-PRE-CI-A'TIOxV, n. 1. A setting a value on ; a just val-
uation or estimate of merit, weight, or any moral consid-
eration. 2. A rising in value ; increase of worth or value.
■Marshal. ^
AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. [L. apprehendo.] 1. To take or
seize ; to take hold of. 2. To take with the understand-
ing, that is, to conceive in the mind ; to understand,
without passing a judgment, or makmg an inference. 3.
To think ; to believe or be of opinion, but without posi-
tive certainty. 4. To fear : to entertain suspicion or fear
of future evil.
AP-PRE-HEND'ED, pp Taken ; seized ; arrested ; con-
ceived ; understood , feured.
AP-PRE-HEND'ER, n. One who takes ; one who conceives
in his mind ; one who fears.
AP-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Seizing ; taking ; conceiving ;
understanding ; fearing.
AP-PRE-HEN'Sl-BLE, a. That may be apprehended or
conceived.
AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. 1. The act of taking or arresting.
2. The mere contemplation of things, without affirming,
denying, or passing any judgment ; simple intellection.
3. An inadequate or imperfect idea. 4. Opinion ; con-
ception. 5. The faculty by which new ideas are conceiv-
ed. 6. Fear ; suspicion ; the prospect of future evil, ac-
companied with uneasiness of mind.
AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. 1. Quick to understand. 2. Fear
ful ; in expectation of evil. 3. Suspicious; inclined to
believe. 4. Sensible ; feeling ; perceptive. Milton.
AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. In an apprehensive manner
AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-NESS, ?). The quality of being appre-
hensive ; readiness to understand ; fearfulness.
AP-PREN'TICE, n. [Fr, apprenti.'] 1. One who is bound
by covenant to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a
certain time, with a view to learn his art, mystery, or oc-
cupation, in which his master is bound to instruct him. —
2. In old law books, a barrister ; a learner of law.
AP-PREN'TICE, V. t. To bind to, or put under the care of
a master, for the purpose of instruction in the knowledge
of a trade or business.
t AP-PREN'TICE-HOOD, K Apprenticeship. Shak.
AP-PREN'TICE-SHIP, n. I. The term for which an ap-
prentice is bound to serve his master. 2. The service,
state or condition of an apprentice ; a state in which a
person is gaining instruction under a master.
fAP-PREN'TIS-AGE, n. Apprenticeship. Bacon.
AP-PREST', a. In botany, pressed close ; lying near the
stem j or applying its upper surface to the stem.
AP-PRlSE', V. t. [Fr. appris.] To inform ; to give notice,
verbal or written.
AP-PRiS'ED, (ap-prizd') pp. Informed ; having notice or
knowledge communicated.
AP-PRlS'ING, ppr. Informing ; communicating notice to.
AP-PRiZE', V. t. [ad, ?^nd price, prize ; D. prys ; Ger. vreis ;
W. pris ,• Fr. priser, to prize.] To value ;' to set a value
in pursuance of authority
AP-PRlZ'ED, (ap-prizd') pp. Valued ; having the worth
fixed by authorized persons.
AP-PRlZE'31ENT, n. 1. The act of setting a value under
some authority or appointment ; a valuation. Blackstone.
2. The rate at which a thing is valued ; the value fixed,
or valuation
AP-PRiZ'ER, n. A person appointed to rate, or set a value
on articles.
APPRIZING, ppr. Rating ; setting a value under au-
thoritv.
AP-PRfZ'ING, 71. The act of valuing under authority.
AP-PRoACH', V. i. [Fr. approcher.'] 1. To come or go
near, in place ; to draw near ; to advance nearer. 2. To
draw near in time. 3. To draw near, in a figurative
sense ; to advance near to a point aimed at, in science,
literature, government, morals, &c. ; to approximate. 4.
To draw near in dutv, as in prayer or worship.
AP-PRoACH', V. t. 1. "To come near to. 2. To have access
carnally. Lev. xviii. — 3. In gardening, to ingraft a sprig
or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from
the parent stock. Evcyc.
AP-PRoACH', n. 1. The act of drawing near ; a coming or
advancing near. 2. Access. — 3. In fortifcation, not only
the advances of an arm«y are called approaches, but the
works thrown up by the besiegers, to protect them in
their advances towards a fortress.
AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That may be approached ; acces-
sible. _
AP-PRoACH'F^R, 7?. One who approaches or draws near.
AP-PRoACH'MENT, n. The act of coming near.
AP'PRO-BATE, a. [L. approbatus.] Approved.
AP'PRO-BATE, V. t. [L. approbo. .Approbate is a modem
word, but in common use in America. It difl^ers from ap-
prove, denoting not only the act of the mind, but an ex-
pression of the act.] To express approbation of; to man-
ifest a liking, or degree of satisfaction ; to express appro-
bation officially, as of one's fitness for a public trust
J. Eliot.
AP PRO-BA-1'ED, pp. Approved; commended.
AP PRO-BA-TING, ppr. Expressing approbation of.
AP-PRO-Ba'TION, n. [1,. approbatio.] I. The act of ap
proving ; a liking ; that state or disposition of the mind
in which we assent to the propriety of a thing, with some
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, lonff.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD •,— f Obsolete.
APP 47
degree of pleasure or satisfaction 2. Attestation ; sup-
port 5 that is, active approbation, or action, in favor of
what is approved. 3. The commendation of a book li-
censed or permitted to be published by authority, as was
formerly the case in England.
AP PRO-BA-TlVE, a. Approving ; implying approbation.
M'dncr.
AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing approbation j express-
ing approbation. Scott.
\ AP-PROMPT', for Prompt. Bacon.
f AP-PROOF',?i. Approval. S/ta/i:.
f AP-PROP'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. appropero.] To hasten.
fAP-PRO-PIJN'aUATE, u.t. [L. appropinquo.] To draw
near.
t AP-PRO-PIN-aCJA'TION, 71. A drawing nigh. Hall.
T AP-PRO-PmaUE', V. i. To approach. Hiidibras.
AP-PR6'PRI-A-BLE, a. That may be appropriated ; that
may be set apart, or assigned exclusively to a particular
use.
AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, t).f. [Yx. approprier.'] 1, To set apart
for, or assign to a particular use, in exclusion of all other
uses. 2. To take to one's self in exclusion of others ; to
claim or use, as by an exclusive riglit. 3. To make pe-
culiar. 4. To sever an ecclesiastical benefice, and annex
it to a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the
patron of the living.
AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, a. 3. Belonging peculiarly ; peculiar j
set apart for a particular use or person. 2. Most suitable,
fit, or proper.
t AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, 71. Peculiarity. Bacon.
AP-PRO'PRJ-A-TED, pp. Assigned to a particular use ;
claimed or used exclusively ; annexed to an ecclesiastical
corporation.
AP-PRO'PRI-ATE-LY, adv. Fitly.
AP-PRO'PRI-ATE-NESS, 71. Peculiar fitness j the quality
of being appropriate, or peculiarly suitable.
AP-PRo'PRI-A-TING, ppr. Assignihg to a particular per-
son or use ; claiming or using exclusively.
AP-PRO-PRI-A'TION, 7!. 1. The act of sequestering, or
assigning to a particular use or person, in exclusion of all
others •, application to a special use or purpose. — 2. In
laiD, the severing or sequestering of a benefice to the per-
petual use of a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate,
being the patron of the living.
AP-PRO'PRI-A-TOR, n. 1. One who appropriates. 2.
One who is possessed of an appropriated benefice.
AP-PRO'PRI-E-TA-RY, n. A lay possessor of the profits of
a benefice.
AP-PR5V'A-BLE, a. That may be approved ; that merits
approbation.
AP-PRoV'AL, 77. Approbation.
AP-PRoV'ANCE, 77. Approbation Thomson.
AP-PROVE'. V. t. [Fr. approuver ; L. approto.'] 1. To like ;
to be pleased with ; to admit the propriety of. 2. To
prove ; to show to be true ; to justify. 3. To experience ;
to prove by trial. \J^otused.'] Shak. 4. To make or show
to be worthy of approbation ; to commend. 5. To like
and sustain as right ; to commend. 6. To improve.
Blackstone.
AP-PROVED, (ap-proovd') pp. Liked ; commended ;
shown or proved to be worthy of approbation j having the
approbation and support of.
AP-PROVE'MENT, n. 1. Approbation ; liking.— 2. In
law, when a person indicted for felony or treason, and
arraigned, confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and ap-
peals or accuses his accomplices of the same crime, to ob-
tain his pardon, this confession and accusation are called
approvement, and the person an approver. Blackstone. 3.
Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and convert-
ing them to the uses of husbandry. Blackstone.
AP-PRoV'ER, n. 1. One who approves. Formerly, one
who proves or makes trial. — 2. In laio, one who confesses
a crime, and accuses another.
AP-PRoV'ING, ppr. Liking ; commending ; giving or ex-
pressing approbation.
AP-PRoV'ING, a. Yielding approbation.
I- AP-PROX'I-MANT, a. Approaching. Dcring.
r AP-PROX'I-MATE, a. [L. ad and prozimus.] Nearest to ;
next ; near to. [This icord is superseded by proximate.]
AP-PROX'I-MATE, v. t. To carry or advance near ; to
cause to approach. Burke.
AP-PROX'I-MATE, v. i. To come near- ; to approach.
Burke.
AP-PROX-I-MA'TION, n. 1. Approach ; a drawing, mov-
ing, or advancing near. Hale. — 2. In arithmetic and alge-
bra, a continual approach or coming nearer and nearer to
a root or other quantity, without being able, perhaps, ever
to arrive at it. — 3. In medicine, communication of disease
by contact. 4. A mode of cure, by transplanting a dis-
ease into an animal or vegetable by immediate contact.
AP-PROX'I-MA-TlVE, a. Approaching ; that approaches.
Bd. Kncifc.
-^P-PULPE', (ap-puls') n. [L. appulsus.'] 1. The act of
striking against. — 2. In astronomy, the approach of any
AQU
planet to a conjunction with the sun, or a star. 3. Ar-
rival ; landing.
AP-PUL'SION, 71. The act of striking against by a moving
body.
AP-PUL'SIVE, a. Striking against ; driving towards.
AP-PUR'TE-NANCE, 7i. [sc written for apperte:ience.]
[Fr. appartenance, ] That which belongs to something
else ; an adjunct •, an appendage. .Appropriately, such
buildings, rights, and improvements, as belong to land,
are called the appurtenances.
AP-PUR'TE-NANT, a. 1. Belonging to ; pertaining to of
right. — 2. In law, common appurtenant is that which is
annexed to land, and can be claimed only by prescription
or inmiemorial usage, on a legal presumption of a special
grant. Blackstone.
A'PRl-OATE, V. i. [L. apricor.'] To bask in the sun. Ray
[Little used.']
A-PRIC'I-TY, n. Sunshine. [Little used.]
A PRI-€OT, 77. [old orthography, apricock.] [Fr. abricot.]
A fruit belonging to the genus prunus, of the plum kind,
of an oval figure, and delicious taste.
aTRIL, 71. [L. Aprllis ; Fr Avril.] The fourth month of
the year
A'PRIL-FOOL, 7i; He who is imposed upon by others, on
the first day of April, or April-fool-day,
A-PRT-O'RI reasoning-, i. e. from causes to effects.
* a'PRON, 71. [Ir. aprun.] 1. A cloth, or piece of leather,
worn on the forepart of the body, to keep the clothes
clean, or defend them from injury. 2. The fat skin cov-
ering the belly of a goose. — 3. In gunnery, a flat piece ot
lead, that covers the vent of a cannon. 4. In ships, a
piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the
keel. 5. A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance
of a dock, on which the dock gates are shut. 6. A piece
of leather to be drawn before a person in a gig.
* A'PRONED, a. Wearing an apron. Pope.
* A'PRON-MAN, n. A man who wears an apron ; a labor-
ing man ; a mechanic.
AP'RO-POS, (ap'ro-po) adv. [Fr.] I. Opportunely ; season-
ably. 2. By the way •, to the purpose : a word used to
introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occa-
sion, though not strictly belonging to the narration.
AP'SIS, 71. ; pZit. Apsides. [Gr. aipis.] In astronomy, the
apsides are the two points of a planet's orbit, which are at
the greatest and least distance from the sun or earth ; the
most distant point is the aphelion, or apogee ; the least
distant, the perihelion, or perigee. The Ime connecting
these is called the line of the apsides.
APT, a. [L. aptus.] 1. Fit ; suitable. 2. Having a ten
dency ; liable. 3. Inclined ; disposed customarily. 4
Ready ; quick. 5. Qualified ; fit.
t APT, V. t. To fit ; to suit or adapt.
t APT'A-BLE, a. That may be adapted.
I AP'TATE, V. t. To make fit. Bailey.
AP'TER, I n. [Gr. a and -nTtpov.] An insect without
AP'TE-RA, \ wings.
AP'TE-RAL, a. Destitute of wings.
APT'I-TUDE, n. 1. A natural or acquired disposition for
a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or
effect. 2. Fitness; suitableness. 3. Aptness ; readiness
in learning ; docility.
APT'LY, adv. In an apt or suitable manner ; with just
correspondence of parts ; fitly ; properly ; justly ; per-
tinently.
APT NES-'S, n, 1. Fitness ; suitableness. 2. Disposition
of the mind ; propensity. 3. Quickness of apprehension ;
readiness in learning ; docility. 4. Tendency, in things.
AP'TOTE, 71. [Gr. a and Trrwo-tj.] In grammar, a noun
which has no variation of termination ; an indeclinable
noun.
AP' Y-REX-Y, n. [Gr. a and Ttvptcaut.] The absence or in-
termission of fever.
AP'Y-ROUS, a. [Gr. airvpoi.] Incombustible, or that sus-
tains a strong heat without alteration of form or proper-
ties.
a'QUA, 71. [L. aqua ; Sp. agua.] Water ; a word much
used in pharmacy, and the old cheinistry
A-QUA FOR'TIS, in the old chemistry, is now called nitric
acid.
A-QUA MA-RI'NA. A name which jewelers give to the
beryl, on account of its color.
A-QUA MI-RAB'I-LIS, A medical water.
A-QUA Re'GI-A, in the old chemistry, is now called nitro
muriatic acid.
A-QUA VI'TiE. Brandy, or spirit of wine.
A-QUa'RI-AN, n. One of a sect of Christians, in the primi
tive church, who consecrated water in the eucliarist, in
stead of wine.
A-QUa'RI-US, 77. [L.] The water bearer ,• a sign in the
zodiac, which the sun enters about the 21st of January.
A-QUAT'IC, a. [Y,. aquatic as.] Pertaining to water ; ap-'
plied to animals which live in water, as fislies. Aquatical
is rarely used.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j— Bl^LL, UNITE ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
ARB
48
AlC
A-CIUAT'I€. 71. A plant which grows in water, as the flag.
Aa'UA-TILE, a. Thai iuliabits the water. Brown. [Rarely
iised.]
Aa-UA-TINT'A, n. [L. aqua, and It. tinta.] A method of
etcliing on copper, by which a beautiful effect is produced,
resembling a fine drawing in water colors or Indian
ink.
AQ,'UE-DU€T, n. [L. aqua and ductus.] A structure made
for cc nveying water from one place to another, over un-
even ground, either above or under the suiface
t A-Q.Uk'1-TY, 71. VValeriness. Jonsun.
A'Q,UE-('US, a. Watery; partakingof the nature of v/ater,
_ or abounding with il.
a'Q,UE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being watery ; wa-
terishness ; vvateriness.
AQ,'UI-LA, 71. [L.] In ornithology, the eagle. Also, a
northern crnstellation.
AGllJl-LiNE, a. [L. aquilinus.] 1. Belonging to the eagle.
2. Curving 5 hooked ; prominent, like tlie beak of an
eagle.
Aa'UI-LON, 71. [L. aquilo.] The north wind.
Aa-UI-TA'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aquitania, one of the
great divisions of Gaul.
tA-QUoy£', a. [li.aqua.] Watery. Diet.
t A-aUOS'1-TY, n. Wateriness. Diet.
A. R. stand for aimo regni^xhe year of the king's reign ; as,
A. R. G. R. 20, in the 20th year of the reign of King
George.
AR'A-BESaUE, )a. 1. In the manner of the Arabians ;
A-R-A-BESK'Y, \ applied to ornaments consisting of
imaginary foliage, stalks, plants, &c., in which there are
no figures of animals. 2. The Arabic language. [JVot in
use.]
A-Ra'BI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arabia.
A-Ra'BI-AN, n. A native of Arabia •, an Arab.
AR'A-BI€, a. Belonging to Arabia, or the language of its
inhabitants.
AR'A-El€, 71. The language of the Arabians.
A-RAB'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the Arabian manner.
AR'A-BISM, n. An Arabic idiom or peculiarity of language.
Stuart.
AR'A-BIST, n. One well versed in Arabic literature.
AR'A-BLE, a. [L. are.'] Fit for plowing or tillage 5 hence,
often applied to land which has been plowe-.l.
AR'A-PY, 71. Arabia. Milton.
A-RAtJH'NOID, a. [Gr. apao^i'T? and £(5oj.] In anatomy,
the arachnoid tunic, or arachnoid, is a semitransparent,
thin membrane, which is spread over the brain and pia
mater.
A-RA€H'NOrD, n. A species of madrepore, found fossil.
AR-A-eH<^^>SIAN, a. Designating a chain of mountains
which divide Persia from India.
AR-AI-GNEB,or AR-RAlGi\', (ar-rane')7?.. [Fr.] In for-
tification, the branch, return, or gallery of a mine.
t A-Ra1*E', i5.t. To raise. Shak.
AR-A-Mk'AiV, a. Pertaining to Aram, a son of Shem, or to
the Chaldeans.
AR'A-JMISM, n. An idiom of the Aramean, or Chaldee lan-
guage •, a Chaldaism.
A-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. aranea.] Resembling a cobweb.
t A-Ra'TION, 71. [L. aratio.] Plowing.
* ARA-TO-RY, a. That contributes to tillage.
AR-AU-Ca'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Araucanians. Mo-
lina.
aR'BA-LIST, n. [L. arcus and balista.] A cross-bow.
AR'BA-LItfT-ER, n. A cross-bowman.
AR BI-TER, 7!. [L.] 1. A person appointed, or chosen by
parties in controversy, to decide their differences. 2. A
person who has the power of judging and determining,
without control. 3. One that commands the destiny, or
hol(J_s the empire, of a nation or state.
t AR'B1-TER,7J. t. To judge. Iluloet.
AR'BI-TRA-BLE, a. Arbitrary ; depending on the will.
Spelman.
AR-BIT'RA-MENT, 71. 1. Will ; determination. 2. The
award of arbitrators. Cowel.
AR'BI-TRA-RI-LY, atfu. By will only ; despotically ; ab-
solutely. «
AR BI-TRA-RI-NESS, n. The quaL^y of being arbitrary ;
despoticalness ; tyranny.
tAR-BI-TRA'RI-OUS, a. Arbitrarv ; despotic.
r AR-BI-TRa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Arbitrarily.
AR'BT-TRA-RY, a. [L. arbitrarins.] 1. Depending on will
or discretion ; not governed by any fixed rules. 2. Des-
potic ; absolute in power ; having no external control.
AR'BI-TRATE, v. i. [L. arbitror.] To hear and decide as
arbitrators.
ARBITRATE, v. t. To decide ; to determine ; to judge of.
Milton .
AR-BI-TRa'TION, 71. 1. The hearing and determination
of a cause between parties in controversy, by a pei^son or
persons ohrsen by the parties. 2. A hearing before arbi-
trators, though they make no award. [This is a common
use of the word in the United States.]
AR'BI-TRA-TOR, n. 1. A person chosen by a party, or bv
the parties who have a controversy, to determine their
differences. 2. An arbiter, governor, or president. 3
An arbiter ; one who has the power of deciding or pre
scribing without control. Addison.
AR-BI-TRA'TRIX, 71. A female judge. Sherwood
AR-BIT'RE-MENT, n. Decision ; compromise.
AR'BI-TRESS, n. A female arbiter.
ARBOR, 71. 1. A frame of lattice-work, covered with
vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade ; a
bower. — 2. In botany, a tree, as distinguished from a
shrub. — 3. In mechanics, the principal part of a machine,
sustaining the rest.
AR'BO-RA-RY, a. Belonging to a tree. Diet.
AR'BO-RA-TOR, 71. One who plants or who prunes trees.
Evelyn.
AR-Bo'RE-OUS, a [L. arboreus.] Belonging to a tree ; re-
sembling a tree ; constituting a tree ; growing on trees.
AR-BO-RES CENCE, n. [L. arboresco.] The figure of a
tree ; the resemblance of a tree in minerals, or crystaliza-
tions, or groups of crystals in that form.
AR-BO-RES€Ei\'T, a. 1. Resembling a tree ; having the
figure of a tree ; dendritical. 2. From herbaceous becom-
ing woody.
AR-BO-RES CENT STAR-FISPI. A species of asterias,
called also caput Medusa.
AR'BO-RET, 77. [It. arboreto.] A small tree or shrub ; a
place planted or overgrown with trees.
t AR-BOR'I-€AL, a. Relating to trees. Hoicel.
AR'BO-RIST, n. One who makes trees his study, or who is
versed in the knowledge of trees.
AR-BOR-I-Za'TION, n. The appearance or figure of a tree
or plant in minerals or fossils.
AR'BOR-iZE, V. t. To form the appearance of a tree or
plant in minerals.
AR'BOR-VINE, n. A species of bind-weed.
AR'BUS-CLE, 77. [L. arbusculus.] A dwarf tree, in size
between a shrub and a tree.
AR-BUS'€ll-EAR, a. Resembling a shrub ; having the fig-
ure of small trees.
AR-BUST'IVE, a. Containing copses of trees or shrubs;
covered v/ith shrubs. Bartram.
AR-BUST'UM, 71. A copse of shrubs or trees ; an orchard.
AR'BUTE, 77. [L. arbutus.] The strawberry-tree.
AR-Bu'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to the strawberry-tree.
AR€, 71. [L. arcus.] In geometry, any part of the circum-
ference of a circle, or ciu-ved line, lying fiom one point to
another ; a segment, or pait of a circle, not more than a
semicircle.
AR-€aDE', n. [Fr.] A long or continued arch ; a walk
arched above. Johnson.
AR-€a'DI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to Arcadia, a district in Pel
AR-€a'DI€, \ oponnesus.
AR-€a'DICS, 77. The title of a book in Pausanias, which
treats of Arcadia.
AR-Ca'DY, 71. The country of Arcadia. Milton.
AR-CaNE', a. [L. arcanus.] Hidden ; secret. [L. u.]
AR-CaWUM, 71. [L.] A secret ; generally used in the plu-
ral, arcana, secret things, mysteries.
AR€-BOU'TANT, n. [Fr.] In building, an arched but-
tress.
ARCH, 77. [See Arc] 1. A segment, or part of a circle.
A concave or hollow structure of stone or brick, supported
by its own curve. 2. The space between two piers of a
bridge, when arched ; or any place covered with an arch.
3. Any curvature, in form of an arch. 4. The vault of
heaven, or sky. — Triumphal arches are magnificent stmc-
tures at the entrance of cities, erected to adorn a triumph,
and perpetuate the memory of the event.
ARCH, V. t. To cover with an arch ; to form with a curve.
ARCH, V. i. To make an arch or arches. Pope.
ARCH, a. [It. arcare.] Cunning ; sly ; shrewd ; waggish ;
mischievous for sport ; mirthful.
ARCH, a. [used also in composition.] [Gr ap;^off.] Chief,
of the first class; principal. Shakspeare uses this word
as a noun ; " My worthy arch and patrons ;" but the use
is not authorized.
AR'€HA-ISM, 77. [Gr. a^^x^aioq.] An ancient or obsolete
phrase or expression.
t AR-€Ha'I€, a. Old fashioned ; ancient.
ARCH-aN'GEL, n. 1. An angel of the highest order ; an
angel occupying the eighth rank in the celestial hierarchy
2. The name of several plants, as the dead-nettle, or la
mium.
AR€H-AN-6EL'I€, a. Belonging to archangels.
ARCH-A-POS'TATE, 71. A chief apostate.
ARCH-A-POS'TLE, 71. The chief apostle.
ARCH-AR€H'I-TE€T, n. The Supreme Architect.
ARCH-BeA'CON, 77. The chief beacon, place of prospect,
or signal.
ARCH-BISH'OP, n. A chief bishop ; a church dignitary of
the first class ; a metropolitan bishop, who superintends
the conduct of the suffragan bishops, in his province, and
also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT •,— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
ARC
49
ARC
\.RCH-BISH'OP-RT€, n. The jurisdiction, place, or prov-
ince of an archbishop.
ARGH-BOTCH'ER, n. The chief botcher, or mender, ircni-
cally. Corbet.
ARCH-BUILD ER, ) „ p,. , ^. u„:iriov Ur,^^.^
ARCH-BILD'ER, i "" ^^^^^ ''"^^^^^- Harrrmr.
4.RCH-BUT'LER, n. A cliief butler ; an officer of the Ger-
man empire, who presented the cup to the emperor, on
solemn occasions.
ARCH-CHAM'BER-LAIN, n. A chief chamberlain; an
officer of the German empire.
ARCH-CHAN CEL-LOR, n. A chief chancellor ; an officer
in the German empire.
ARCH-CHANT'ER, n. The chief chanter, or president of
*he chanters of a church.
ARCH-€HEM'ie, a. Of supreme chemical powers.
ARCH-€ON-SPIIl'A-TOR, n. Principal conspirator.
ARCH-€OUNT', n. A cliief count ; a title formerly given
to the earl of Flanders.
ARCH-€R1T'[€, w. A chief critic.
ARCH-DAP'1-FER, n. An officer in the German em-
pire.
ARCH-DeA'€ON, (arch-de'kn) n. [See Deacon.] In Eng-
land, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a
bishop, who has jurisdiction either over a part or over the
whole diocese.
ARCH-DeA'CON-RY, n. The office, jurisdiction, or resi-
dence of an archdeacon.
ARCH-DeA'_€ON-SHIP, n. The office of an archdeacon.
ARCH-DI-ViNE', n. A principal theologian,
ARCH-DRu'ID, n. A chief druid, or pontiff of the ancient
AmiAs. Henry.
ARCH-DU'€AL, a. Pertaining to an archduke.
ARCH-DUCH'ESS, n. A title given to the females of the
house of Austria.
ARCH-DUCH'Y, n. The territory of an archduke or arch-
duchess. Ash.
ARCH-DuKE', n. A title given to princes of the house of
Austria.
ARCH-DuKE'DOM, 71. The territory or jurisdiction of an
archduke or archduchess.
ARCH'ED, pp. Made with an arch or curve ; covered with
an arch.
ARCH-EN'E-MY, 71. A principal enemy. Milton.
AR-€HE-0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a treatise on an-
tiquity, or to the knowledge of ancient things.
AR-€HE-0L'0-GY, n. [Gr. a^X'^'-°^ ^^^ Xoyo?.] A dis-
course on anti>iuity ; learning or knowledge which re-
spects ancient times. Panopiist.
ARCH'ER, n. [Sp. archero ; It. arcidro ; Fr. archer.] A
bowman ; one who uses a bow in battle ; one who is
skilled in the use of the bow and arrow.
ARCH'E-RB^S, n. A female archer. Markham.
ARCH'E-RY, n. The use of the bow and arrow ; the prac-
tice, art, or skill of archers ; the act of shooting with a
bow and arrow.
ARCH'ES-€oURT, in England, so called from the church
of St. Mary le bow, (de arcubus,) whose top is raised of
stone pillars built archwise, where it was anciently held,
is a court of appeal, in the ecclesiastical polity, belonging
to the archbishop of Canterbury.
AR'€HE-Ty-PAL, a. Original ; constituting a model or
pattern.
AR'CHE-TyPE, n. [Gr. apx^rvnov.] 1. The original pat-
tern or model of a work ; or the model from which a
thing is made. — 2. Among minters, the standard weight,
by which others are adjusted. — 3. Among Platonidts, the
archetypal world is the world as it existed in the idea of
God before the creation.
AR-€He'US, 71. [Gr. ap;^?/, beginning, or ap^oi, a chief;
W. erchi.] A term used by the ancient chemists, to de-
note the internal efficient cause of all things.
ARCH-FEL'ON, 71. A chief felon. Milton.
ARCH-FIeND', (arch-feend') n. A chief fiend or foe.
ARCH-FLAM EN, n. A chief flamen or priest.
ARCH-FLAT TER-ER, n. A chief ilatterer.
ARCH-FoE', n. A grand or chief enemy.
ARCH-FOUND'ER, 71. A chief founder. Milton.
ARCH-GoV'ERN-OR, 71. The chief governor.
ARCH-HER'E-SY, n. The greatest heresy. Butler.
ARCH-HER'E-TI€, 71. A chief heretic. Shak.
ARCH-Hi'E-REY, 71. [Gr. ap;^oj and tspoj.] A chief priest
in Russia. Tooke.
ARCH-HYP'0-€RITE, 71. A great or chief hypocrite.
AR€H'I-A-TER, n. [Gr. apxos and larpos.] Chief physi-
cian ; a word used in Russia. Tooke.
AR€H'I-€AL, a. Chief: primary. Hallywell.
AR-€HI-DI-A€'0-NAL,' a. [See Deacon.] Pertaining to
an archdeacon.
AR-CHI-E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. Belonging to an archbishop.
ARCH'lL, n. A lichen which grows on rocks.
AR-€HI-Lo'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to Archilochus, the
poet, who invented a verse of seven feet.
AR€H'I-MA-Grs, re. The high priest of the Persian ma<ri,
or worshippers of fire. °
AR-€HI-MAND'RITE, re. In church history, a chief of the
mandi-ites or monks, answering to abbot in Europe.
ARCHING, ppr. Forming an arch ; covering with an arch
ARCH ir,'G, a. Cui'ving like an arch.
ARt H-I-PEL'A-GO, re. [Authors are not agreed as to the
origin of this word. Some suppose it to be composed of
apxos, cliief, and ireXayos, sea; others, of Aiyaios and
neXayos, the Egean sea.] In a general sense, a sea inter-
spersed with many isles ; but particularly, the sea v/hich
separates Europe from Asia, otherwise called the Egean
sea.
AR'€HI-TEeT, n. [Gr. apx,oi and reKTwv.] 1. A person
skilled in the art of building ; one who understands ar-
chitecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and
designs of buildings, and superintend the artificers em
ployed. 2. A contriver ; a former or maker.
AR-eni-TECT'IVE, a. Used in building; proper foi
building.
AR-€HI-TE€T-ON'ie, a. That has power or skill to build
t AR-€HI-TE€T-ON'I-€AL, a. Having skill in architect
are.
AR-€HI-TE€T-ON'I€S, n. The science of architecture
AR-€HI-TE€T'RESS, n. A female architect.
AR-€HI-TE€T'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to the art of build-
ing ; that is according to the rules of architecture.
AR'€HI-TE€T-URE, n. [L. architectura.] 1. The art of
building ; but in a more limited and appropriate sense, the
art of constructing houses, bridges, and other buildings,
for the purposes of civil life. 2. Frame or structure. —
Military architecture is the art of fortification. — JYaval
architecture is the art of building ships.
AR'€HI-TRAVE, n. [Gr. apxos, and It. trave.] In archi-
tecture, the lower division o'f an entablatmre, or that part
which rests immediately on the column. In chimneys,
the architrave is called the mantle-piece ; and over doors
and windows, the hyperthyrion.
AR'CIII-VAL, a. Pertaining to archives or records ; con-
tained in records. Tooke.
AR'€HI- VAULT, n. In building, the inner contour of an
arch, or a band adorned with moldings, running over
the faces of the arch-stones, and bearing upon the im-
posts.
AR'€HlVES, n.plu. [Gr. apx^i-ov; Low L. archivum; Fr.
archives.] The apartment in which records are kept ; al-
so, the records and papers which are preserved, as evl-
AR'€HI-VIST, 71. [Fr. and It.] The keeper of archives or
records.
ARCH'LIKE, a. Built like an arch. Young.
ARCH'LUTE, or ARCH'I-LUTE, n. [It. arcileuto.] A
large lute, a theorbo, the base strings of which are
doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a
unison.
ARCH'LY, adv. Shrewdly ; wittily ; jestingly.
ARCH-MAGI"CIAN, n. The chief magician.
ARCH-MAR'S.HAL, n. The grand marshal of the German
empire.
ARCH-MOCK', n. Principal mockery or jest. Shak.
ARCH'NESS, n. Cunning ; shrewdness ; waggishness.
AR'€HON, n. [Gr. ft/t^-wv.] The archons in Greece were
chief magistrates, chosen to superintend civil ard reli-
gious concerns. Thev were nine in number. Encyc.
AR'€HON-SHlP, n. The office of an archon ; or the term
of his office. Mitford.
AR-€HON'TI€S, n. In church history, a branch of the
Valentinians, who held that the world was not created
by God, but by angels, archontes.
ARCH-PAS'TOR, n. Chief pastor, the Shepherd and Bishop
of our souls. Barrow.
ARCH-PHI-LOS'0-PHER, n. A chief philosopher.
ARCH-PIL'LAR, n. The main pillar. Harmar.
ARCH-Po'ET, 71. The principal poet.
ARCH-POL-I-Tl"CIAN, n. An eminent or distinguished
politician. Bacon.
ARCH-PONTIFF, n. A supreme pontiflfor priest. Burke.
* ARCH-PRe'LATF-, 71. [SeePnELATE.] The chief prelate.
ARCH-PRES'BY-TER, 7(. A chief presbyter or priest.
ARCH-PRES'BY-TER-Y, n. The absolute dominion ol
presbytery, or the chief presbytery.
ARCH-PR IeST', 71. A chief priest. Encyc
ARCH-PRi'MATE, 7i. The chief primate ; an archbishop.
ARCH-PROPH'ET, n. Chief prophet. Warto7i.
ARCH-PROT'ES-TANT, n. A principal or distinguished
protestant.
ARCH-PUB'LI-€AN, n. The distinguished publican.
ARCH-REB'EL, w. The chief rebel. Milton.
ARCH-TRaI'TOR, n. A principal traitor.
ARCH-TREAS'UR-ER, (arch-trszh'-ur-er) n. The great
treasurer of the German empire.
ARCH-TREAS'UR-ER-SHIP, n. The office of archtreasur-
er. Collins^ Peerage.
* See Synopsis.
MOVE, B9QK, DOVE ;
4
-BULL, UNITE— € as K • ft as J $ as Z CH as SH • TH as in tfiis. f ObsoUU
ARE
50
AUG
ARCH-T"?'RANT, n. A principal or great tyrant. Hall.
ARCH-VIL'LAIN, n. A chief or great villain.
ARCH-VIL'LA-NY, ?i. Great villany.
t ARCH-VVntFE', n. A wife in the higher rank of society.
Chaucer.
ARCH' WISE, adv. In the form of an arch.
t ARCH'Y, a. In the form of an arch. Partheneia Sacra.
t AR-CIT'£-NENT, a. [L. arcitenens.] Bow-bearing. Diet.
AR€-Ta'TION, or AR€'TI-TUDE, n. [L. arctus.] Preter-
natural straightness ; constipation from inflammation.
Coxe.
AR€'TI€, a. [Gr. apKrog.] Northern ; pertaining to the
northern constellation called the Bear ; as, the arctic pole.
— The arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equa-
tor, as'* 28' from the north pole. This and the antarctic
circle are called the polar circles, and v /itliin these lie the
frigid zones.
A.R€-TU'RUS, n. [Gr. apKrog and ovpa.] A fixed star of
the first magnitude, in the constellation of Bootes.
AR'€U-ATE, a. [L. arcuatus.] Bent or. curved in the form
of a bow.
t AR'€U-A-TILE, a. Bent. Diet.
AR-€U-A'TION, 71. 1. The act of bending ; incurvation ;
the state of being bent ; curvity ; ci ookedness 5 gi-eat
convexity of the thorax, 2. A method of raising trees by
layers ; that is, by bending branches ti > the ground, and
covet. ng the small shoots with earth.
AR'€U-BA-LIST, n. [L. arcus and balista.] A cross-
bow.
AR-€CT-BA-LIS'TER, n. A cross-bowman 5 one who used
the arbalist.
ARD, Jhe termination of many English words, is the Ger.
art, species, kind ; Sw. and Dan. art, mode, nature,
genius, form. We observe it in Ooddard, a divine tem-
per ; Giffard, a disposition to gine, liberality ; Bernard,
filial affection ; standard, drunkard, dotard, <fec.
AR'DEN-CY, n. [L. ardens.] Warmth of passion or affec-
tion ; ardor ; eagerness.
AR'DENT, a. 1. Hot ; burning ; that causes a sensation
of burning. 2. Having the appearance or quality of fire ;
fierce. 3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections ;
passionate ; affectionate ; much engaged ; zealous.
AR'DENT- LY, adv. With warmth : affectionately ; pas-
sionately.
AR DENT-NESS, n. Ardency.
AR'DERS, n. Fallowings or plowings of grounds. Grose.
AR'DOR, n. [L.] 1, Heat, in a literal sense. 2. Warmth,
or heat, applied to the passions and affections ; eager-
ness.
t AR-DU'I-TY, n. Height, difficulty. Diet.
AR'DU-OUS, a. [L. arduus.] 1. High, lofty, in a literal
sense 2. Difficult ; attended with great labor, like the
ascending of acclivities ; as, an arduous employment,
task, or enterprise.
AR'DU-OUS-LY, adv. In an arduous manner ; with labo-
riousness.
AR'DU-OUS-NESS, w. Height; difficulty of execution.
ARE. (3r) The plural of the substantive verb to be.
ARE, n [L. area.] In French measure, the new square
perch, containing a hundred square metres.
A-RE, (Jr AL-A-MIRE'. The lowest note, except one, in
Guido's scale of music.
A RE-A, n. [L.] 1. Any plain surface, as the floor of a
room, of a church or other building, or of the ground. 2.
The space or site on which a building stands ; or of any
inclosure. — 3. In o-eo77iefr!/, the superficial contents of any
figure ^ the surface included within any given lines ; as,
the area of a square or a triangle. — 4. Among physicians,
baldness •, an empty space 5 a bald space produced by
alopecy ; also a name of the disease. — 5. In mining, a
compass of ore allotted to diggers.
t A-ReAD', or t A-REED', v. t. [Sax. aredan.] To coun-
sel ; to advise. Spenser.
A'RE-AL, a. Pertaining to an area. Barton.
A-REEK , adv. Ir, a reeking condition. Swift.
AR-E-FA€'TION n. 'lu.arefacio.] The act of drying ; the
state of growing dry' Bacon.
AR'E-FY, v. t. To dry or make dry Bacon.
A-RE'NA, n. [L. sand.] 1. An open space of ground,
strewed with sand, on which the gladiators, in ancient
Rome, exhibited shows of fighting for the amusement of
spectators. Hence, a place for public exhibjlion.— 2.
Among physicians, sand or gravel in the kidneys.
AR-E-Na'CEOUS, a. I. Sandy j having the properties of
sand. _2. Brittle.
AR-E-Na'TION, n. Among physicians, a sand bath ; a
sprinkling f'l hot sand upon a diseased person.
A-REN'DA-LITE, n. In mineralogy, another name of epi-
dote, or pistacite.
AR-EN-Da tor, n. [Russ. arenda.] In Livonia, and other
provinces of Russia, a farmer of the farms or rents.
A-REN-I-LIT'I€, a. [L. arena, and Gr. Xidog.] Pertaining
to sand-stone ; consisting of sand-stone.
ARiE-NOui' H' Sa^'^yj full of sand. Johnson.
t A-REN'U-LOUS, a. Full of small sand.
AR'E-OLE, or AR-E-o'LA, n. [L.] The colored circla
round the nipple, or round a pustule.
AR-E-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. apaiog and nerpeo).] An instru-
ment for measuring the specific gravity of liquids.
AR-E-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to an areometer.
AR-E-OM'E-TRY, n. The measuring or act of measuring
the specific gravity of fluids.
AR-E-OP-A-61T'I€, a. Pertaining to the Areopagus. Mit-
ford.
AR-E-0P'A-6ITE, (ar-e-op'-a-jite, Walker.) n. A mem-
ber of the Areopagus.
AR-E-OP'A-GUS, n. [Gr. AprjS and nayog.'] A sovereign
tribunal at Athens, famous for the justice and impartiality
of its decisions.
AR-E-OT'I€, a [Gr. apaiog.] Attenuating ; making thin,
as in liquids ; rarefying.
yVR-E-OT'I€, 71. A medicine which attenuates the humors,
dissolves viscidity, opens the pores, and increases perspi-
ration ; an attenuant. Coze.
AR-E-TOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. aperr] and \oyos.] That part of
moral philosophy which treats of virtue. [Little used.]
AR'GAL, n. Unrefined or crude tartar, a substance adher-
ing to the sides of wine casks.
AR-Ge'AN, a. Pertaining to Argo or the Ark.
AR'GENT, 71. [L. argentum.] I. The white color in coats
of arms, intended to represent silver, or purity, inno-
cence, beauty, or gentleness. — 2. a. Silvery ; of a pale
white, like silver. Johnson. 3. a. Bright. Pope.
AR-<jENT'AL, a. Pertaining to silver ; consisting of sil-
ver ; containing silver. Cleaveland.
AR'GEN-TATE, 71. A combination of the argentic acid
with another substance.
AR-GEN-Ta'TION, n. An overlaying with silver.
AR'GENT-HORNED, a. Silver-horned.
AR-GENT'I€, a. Pertaining to silver.
AR-GEN-TIF ER-OUS, a. [L. argentum.] Producing sil-
ver. Kir wan.
AR-GEN-Ti'NA, ) n. In ichthyology, a genus of fishes of
AR'GEN-TINE, \ the order of abdominals.— j3ro-fi7i«ma is
also a name of the wild tansy, silver-weed. Coxe.
AR'GEN-TlNE, a. Like silver ; pertaining to silver, or
sounding like it. Johnson.
AR'GEN-TiNE, n. In mineralogy, a sub-species of carbon-
ate of lime, nearly pure.
t AR'6ENT-RY, 71. Materials of s'>lver. Howel.
AE'GIL, n. A species of the ardea, or genus of cranes.
AR'GIL, n. [L. argilla.] In a general serise, clay, or pot-
ter's earth ; but in a technical sense, pure clay, or alu-
mine.
AR-gIL-La'CEOUS, a. [L. argillaceus.] Partaking of the
nature of clay ; clayey ; consisting of argil.
AR-GIL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. argilla and fero.] Producing
clay.
AR'GIL-LITE, 71. Argillaceous shist or slate ; clay-slate
ICirwan.
AR-GIL-LIT'I€, a. Pertaining to argillite.
AR-GIL-LO-eAL'ClTE, n. [L. argilla and calx.] A spe-
cies of calcarious earth, with a large proportion of clay.
AR-GIL-LO-MU'RITE, n. [L. argilla.] A species of earth,
consisting of magnesia, mixed with silex, alumine, and
lime ; a variety of magnesite.
AR-GIL'LOUS, a. Consisting of clay ; clayey ; partaking
of clay ; belonging to clay Brown.
AR'GIVE, a. Designating what belongs to Argos, the
capital of Argolis in Greece, whose inhabitants were
called Argivi.
AR'GO, 71. The name of the ship which carried Jason and
his fifty-four companions to Colchis.
AR'GO-Na'VIS, the ship Jirgo, is a constellation in the
southern hemisphere.
AR-Go'AN, a. Pertaining to the ship Argo. Faber.
AE-GOL'I€, a. Belonging to Argolis.
AR-G0L'I€S, 7i. The title of a chapter in Pausanias, which
treats of Argolis.
AR'GO-NAUT, n. [Gr. Apyw and vavrr)^.] One of the per-
sons who sailed to Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, in
quest of the golden fleece.
AR-GO-NAUT'A, n. A genus of shell-fish, of the order of
vermes testacea.
AR-GO-NATJT'I€, a. Pertaining to the Argonauts.
AR-GO-NAUT'I€S, n. A poem on the subject of the expe-
dition of the Argonauts.
ARGO-SY, 71. [Sp. Argos, Jason's ship.] A large mer-
chantman; a carrac. Shak.'
AR'GUE, V. i. [L. arguo.] 1. To reason ; to invent and
offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opin-
ion or measure. 2. To dispute ; to reason with ; follow-
ed by with.
AR'GUE, V. t. 1. To debate or discuss ; to treat by reason-
ing. 2. To prove or evince ; to manifest by inference or
* See Synopsis, a, K, T, O, V, ■? lo'.g.—FAR, FALL, WH^IlT ,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
ARI
deduction, or to show reasons for. 3. To persuade by
reasons. 4. Formerly, to accuse, or charge with ; a Latin
sense, now obsolete. Dryden.
APJGUED,pp. Debated; discussed; evinced; accused.
AR'GU-EB,, 71. One who argues ; a reasoner ; a disputer ;
a controvertist.
'AR'GU-ING, ppr. Inventing and offering reasons; disput-
ing ; discussing ; evincing ; accusing.
AR'UU-ING, n. Reasoning ; argumentation.
AE'GQ-MENT, n. [L. argumentum.] 1. A reason offered
for or against a proposition, opinion, or measure ; a reason
offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind.
-2. In logic, an inference drawn from premises, wliich
are indisputable, or at least of probable truth. 3. The
subject of a discourse or writing. Milton. 4, An abstract
or summary of a book, or the heads of the subjects. 5. A
debate or discussion ; a series of reasoning. — 6. In astron-
omy, an arch by which we seek another unknown arch,
proportional to the first.
t aR'GU-jMENT, v. i. To reason ; to discourse. Oower.
AR-GLT-MENT'A-BLE, a. That may be argued. Dr. Chal-
mers.
AR-GU-MENT'AL, a. Belonging to argument ; consisting
in argument. Pope.
AR-GU-MENT-A'TION, n. Reasoning ; the act of reason-
ing ; the act of inventing or forming reasons, making in-
ductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the
case in discussion.
AR-GU-MENT'A-TlVE, a. 1. Consisting of argument ;
containing a process of reasoning. 2. Showing reasons
for.
AR-GU-MENT'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In an argumentative
manner. Taylor.
tAR'GLT-MENT-lZE, ^.i. To debate.
t AR'GU-ME.NT-I-ZER, n. One who debates or reasons.
Brady.
AR'GUS, n. A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had
a hundred eyes, placed by Juno to guard lo.
AR'GUS-SHELL, n. A species of porcelain-shell, beautiful-
ly variegated with spots.
t AR-GCJ-Ta'TION, H. [L. argutatio.] Debate ; cavil; dis-
putation.
AR-GuTE', a. [1,. argutv^.] Sharp; shrill; witty. [Little
used.]
AR-GuTE'NESS, n. Acuteness ; wittiness. [Little used.]
Dryden.
a'R[-A, n. [It.] An air, song, or tune.
A'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arius, or his doctrines.
A'Rl-AN, 71. One who adheres to the doctrines of Arius.
a'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of the Arians.
A'RI-AN-IZE, V. i. To admit the tenets of the Arians.
AR'ID, a. [L,. aridiis.] Dry; exhausted of moisture ; parch-
ed with heat.
AR'I-DAS, n. A kind of taffety, from the East Indies.
A-RID I-TY, } n. 1. Dryness ; a state of behig without
AR ID-NESS, ] moisture. 2. A dry state of the body ;
emaciation.
A'RI-ES, n. [L.] The Ram, a constellation of fixed stars ;
the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac.
*t AR'I-E-TATE, v. i. [L. arieto.] To butt, as a ram.
AR-I-E-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of butting, as a ram. The
act of battering with the aries or battering ram. 2. The
act of striking or conflicting. [Rarely used.]
AR-I-ET'TA, n. [It.] A short song ; an air, or little
air.
A RIGHT', adv. [Sax. gericht.] Rightly ; in aright form ;
without mistake or crime.
AR'IL, or A-RIL'LUS, n. The exterior coat or covering
of a seed, fixed to it at the base only.
AR'IL-LA-TED, ) a. Having an exterior covering, or aril,
AR'TLLED, ) as coffee. Encyc. Eaton.
AR'I-MAN, AR'I-MA, or AH'RI-MAN, n. [Per. ahriman.]
The evil genius or demon of the Persians.
AR-I-O-La'TION, or HAR-I-O-La'TION, n. [L. ariolus,
or hariolus.] A soothsaying ; a foretelling. Brown.
AR-I-o'SO, a. [It.] Light ; airy. But, according to Rous-
seau, applied to music, it denotes a kind of melody bor-
dering on the majestic style of a capital air.
A-RlSE', V. i. pret. arose ; pp. arisen .- (a-rize', a-roze',
a-rizn') [Sax. arisan.] 1. To ascend, mount up, or move
to a higher place. 2. To emerge from below the horizon.
3. To get out of bed ; to leave the place or state of rest ;
or to leave a sitting or lying posture. 4. To begin ; to
spring up ; to originate. 5. To revive from death ; to
leave the grave, 6. To begin to act ; to exert power ; to
move from a state of inaction. 7. To appear, or become
known ; to become visible, sensible or operative. 8. To
be put in motion ; to swell or be agitated. 9. To invade,
assault or begin hostility ; followed by against.
A-RlS'ING, ppr. Ascending ; moving upward ; originating
or proceeding ; getting up ; springing up ; appearing.
A-R!ST'A, n. [L.] In botany, awn, the long, pointed beard,
which issues from the hiisk, or scaly flower-cup of the
called the glume. Milne.
51 ARM
AR-IS-TaR'€HY, n. [Gr. apiaros and apyrj.] A body of
good men in power, or government by excellent men
Marington
AR-lS-TO€'Rx\-CY, n. [Gr. apicros and Kpareu).] A form
of government, in which the whole supreme power ig
vested in the principal persons of a state. 2. A few
men distinguished by their rank and opulence.
AR'-IS-T0-CRAT,^^. One who favors an aristocracy in prin-
ciple or practice. Burke.
A-RlS-TO-€RAT'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to aristocracy.
A-R[S-TO-€RAT'I-€AL,J 2. Partaking of aristocracy.
A-RIS-TO-eRAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In an aristocratical man-
ner.
A-RIS-TO-eRAT'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being
aristocratical.
AR-IS-TOG'RA-TY, n. The same as aristocracy. Burtcn
AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aristotle.
AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN, n. A follower of Aristotle, who
founded the_sect of Peripatetics.
AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN-ISM, n. The philosophy or doctrines
of Aristotle.
AR-IS-T0-TEL'I€, a. Pertaining to Aristotle or to his phi-
losophy.
*AR'ITH-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. apiBnos and ixavreia.] Divina-
tion or the foretelling of future events by the use or obser-
vation of numbers.
A-RITH'ME-TI€,7f. [Gr. apid^rjTiKr}.] The science of num-
bers, or the art of computation.
AR-ITH-MET'I€, ; a. Pertaining to arithmetic ; ac-
AR-1TH-MET'I-€AL, \ cording to the rules or method of
arithmetic.
AR-ITH-MET'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the rules,
principles or method of arithmetic.
A-RITH-ME-Ti"CIAN, n. One skilled in arithmetic, or
versed in the science of numbers.
ARK, n. [Fr. arche ; L. area.] 1. A small, close vessel,
chest or coffer, such as that which was the repository of
the tables of the covenant among the Jews. The vessel
in which Moses was set afloat upon the Nile was an ark
of bulrushes. 2. The large, floating vessel, in which
Noah and his family were preserved during the deluge.
3. A depository. 4. A large boat used on American riv-
ers,_to transport produce to market.
ARK ITE, n. A term used by Bryant to denote one of the
persons who were preserved in "the ark ; or who, accord-
ing to pagan fables, belonged to the ark.
ARK'lTE, a. Belonging to the ark. Bryant.
ARK'TI-ZlTE, or AR€'TI-ZlTE, n. Amineral, now called
Wernerite.
ARM, 72. [Sax. arm, earm ; D. G. Sw. Dan. arm; L. ar-
7nv^.] 1. The limb of the human body, which extends from
the shoulder to the hand. 2. The branch of a tree, or the
slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis.
3. A narrow inlet of water from the sea. 4. Figurative-
ly, power, might, strength ; as the secular arm.
ARM, V. t. [L. armo ; Fr. armer ; Sp. armar ; It. armare.]
1. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or de-
fense. 2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will
add strength, force, or security. 3. To furnish with
means of defense ; to prepare for resistance ; to fortify.
ARM, V. i. To provide with arms, weapons, or means of at-
tacker resistance ; to take arms.
AR-Ma'DA, n. [Sp.] A fleet of armed ships ; a squadron
The term is usually applied to the Spanish fleet, called
the Invincible .Armada, consisting of 130 ships, intended
to act against England in the reign of Elizabeth.
AR-MA-DIL'LO, n. [Sp.] A quadruped peculiar to Ameri-
ca, called also tatoo, and in zoology, the dasypus.
AR'MA-MENT, n. [L. armamenta.] A body of forces equip
ped for war ; used of a land or naval force. •
AR-MA-MENT'A-RY, n. An armory ; a magazine or
arsenal. [Rarely used.]
AR'MA-TURE, 7!. [L. armatura.] 1. Armor; Uiat which de
fends the body. — 2. In ancient military art, an exercise per
formed with missive weapons, as d?>rts, spears and arrows
AR'MAN, n. A confection for restoring appetite in horses
Diet.
ARMED, ;?p. 1. Furnished with weapons of offense or de-
fense ; furnished with the means of security ; fortified, in
a moral sense. — 2. In heraldry, armed is when the beaks,
talons, horns, or teeth of beasts and birds of prey are of a
different color from the rest of the body. 3. Capped and
cased, as the load stone ; that is, set in" iron.
ARMEJp-CIIAIR, n. An elbow-chair
AR-Me'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Armenia.
AR-Me'NI-AN, n. A native of Armenia, or the language of
the country.
Arvieman bole is a species of clay from Armenia, and found
in other countries.
Armenian stone, a soft blue stone, consisting of calcarious
earth or gvpsum, with the oxyd of copper.
t AR-MENT'AL, ) a. [L. armentalis.] Belonging to a drove
t AR-MENT'INE, or herd of cattle. Diet.
See Synov^ MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
ARO
52
ARR
t AR-MEN-TOSE', a. Abounding with cattle. Diet.
ARME-PU-ISSANT, a. Powerful in arms. JVeever.
ARM'FUL, 71 As much as the arms can hold.
t aRM'GaUNT, c. Slender, as the arm. Shak.
ARM'HoLE, n 1. The cavity under the shoulder, or the
armpit. 2. A hole for the arm in a garment.
AR-M16 ER-OL' S, a. [L.armiger.] Liter ally, hearing arms.
But in present usage, armiger is a title of dignity next in
degree to a knight. Armiger is still retained with us as a
title of respect, being the Latin word equivalent to esquire,
which see.
&R'MIL-LA-RY, a. [1,. armilla.] Resemblmg a bracelet,
or ring : consisting of rings or circles.
r AR'MIL-LA-TED, a. Having bracelets.
ARM'ING,ppr. Equipping with arms ; providing with the
means of defense or attack.
XRM'INGS, n. The same as waist-clothes, hung about a
ship's upper works. Chambers.
AR-MIN'IAN, a. Pertaining to Arminius, or designating his
principles.
AR-MIN'IAN, n. One of a sect or party of Christians, so
called from Arminius, or Harmansen.
AR-MIN'IAN-ISM, n. The peculiar doctrines or tenets of
the Arminians.
AR-MIP'0-TENCE, n. [L. arma and potentia.] Power In
arms. Johnson.
AR-MIP'O-TENT, a. Powerful in anns.
AR-MIS'0-NOUS, a. Sounding or rustling in arms.
AR'MlS-TlCE, n. [L. arma and sisto ; Fr. armistice.] A
cessation of arms, for a short time, by convention ; a
tnice ; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement
of the parties.
ARM'LESS, a. Without an arm ; destitute of weapons.
Beaumont.
ARM'LET, n. A little arm ; a piece of armor for the arm ;
a bracelet. Drijden.
AR-MO'NI-A€, n. A sort of volatile salt. See Ammoniac.
&R'MOR, n. 1. Defensive arms ; any habit worn to protect
the body in battle ; formerly called harness. Coat-armor
is the escutcheon of a person or family.
XR'MOR-BEaR-ER, n. One who carries the armor of
another.
AR'MOR-ER, n. A maker of armor or arms ; a manufactur-
er ofjnstruments of war.
AR-Mo'RI-AL, a. Belonging to armor, or to the arms or
escutcheon of a family.
AR-MOR'I€, or AR-MOR'I-€AN, a. Designating the north-
western part of France, formerly called Armorica.
AR-MOR'I€, n. The language of the Armoricans ; one of
the Celtic dialects.
AR-MOR'I-€AN, n. A native of Armorica.
AR MOR-TST, n. One skilled in heraldry.
AR'MO-RY, 71. 1. A place where arms and instruments of
war are deposited. 2. Armor ; defensive arms. 3, En-
signs armorial. 4. The knowledge of coat-armor ; skill in
heraldry.
S.RM'PIT, 71. The hollow place under the shoulder.
ARMS, n. plu. [L, arma ; Fr. aryne ; Sp. It. arma.]
1. Weapons of otiense, or aiTnor for defense and protection
of the body. 2. War ; hostility, 3. The ensigns armorial
of a family. Fire arms are such as may be charged with
powder, as cannon, muskets, mortars, &c. A stand of
arms consists of a musket, bayonet, cartridge-box and
belt, with a sword. — In falconry, arms are the legs of a
hawk from the thigh to tiie foot.
ARMS-END, 71. At the end of the arms ; at a good distance.
ARMS'REACH, 71. Within the stretch of the arm.
AR'MY, n. [Fr. armie.] 1. A collection or body of men
armed for war. 2. A great number ; a vast multitude.
AR'NOLD-IST, n. A disciple of Arnold of Brescia.
AR'NOT, n. A name of the bunium, pignut or earthnut.
AR-NOT'TO, n. The a7iotta, which see. Also, a tree so
called.
AR'NUTS, n. Tall oat grass.
fA-ROINT'. SeeABOYNT.
A-Ro'MA, ) 71. [Gr. apu)[ia.] The quality of plants which
AR O-MA, ) constitutes their fragrance.
AR-0-MAT'IC, or AR-O-MAT I-CAL, a. Fragrant ; spicy ;
strong-scented ; odoriferous ; having an agreeable odor.
AR-0-j\IAT'I€, n. A plant which yields a spicy, fragrant
smell, or awarm, pungent taste.
AR'0-MA-TiTE, n. A bituminous stone. Coze.
AR-O-MAT-I-Za TION, n. The act of impregnating or
scenting with aroma, or rendering aromatic.
* AR'O-MA-TlZE, v. t. To impregnate with aroma ; to in-
fuse an aromatic odor ; to give a spicy scent or taste ; to
perfume.
* AR'O-MA-TlZEJ), pp. Impregnated with aroma ; rendered
fragrant.
* AR'O-MA-TI-ZER, n. That which communicates an aro-
matic quality. Evelyn.
* AR'O-MA-TI-ZING, ppr. Rendering spicy ; impregnating
with aroma.
A-RoMA-TOUS, a. Containing aroma, or the principle ot
fragrance.
AR'OPH, 71. 1. A name by which saffron is sometimes
called. 2. A chemical preparation of Paracelsus, formed
by sublimation from equal quantities of hematite and sal
a7nm.jniac.
A-RcSE'. The past or preterit tense of the verb to
arise.
A-ROUND', prep. 1. About ; on all sides 5 encircling ; en-
compassing. 2. In a looser sense, from place to place ; at
random.
A-ROUND', adv. 1. In a circle ; on every side. 2. In a
looser sense, at random ; without any fixed direction.
A-Rc5U RA, n. [Gr.] A Grecian measme of fifty feet.
A-ROUSE', (a-rbuz') v. t. To excite into action that which
is at rest ; to stir, or put in motion or exertion, that which
is languid.
A-ROUS'ED, (a-rouzd') pp. Excited into action ; put in mo-
tion.
A-ROUS'ING, ppr. Putting in motion ; stirring ; exciting
into action or exertion.
A-RoW", adv. In a row ; successively.
t A-ROYNT', adv. Be gone : away Shak.
AR-PEG'6IO, n. [It.] The distinct sound of the notes of an
instrumental chord, accompanying the voice. Walker.
AR'PENT, 7t. [Fr. arpe7it.] A portion of land in France,
ordinarily containing one "hundred square rods or perches,
each of 18 feet. Rut the arpent is different in different
parts of France.
AR-aUE-BU-SADE', n. 1. A distilled liquor applied to a
bruise. 2. The shot of an arquebuse.
AR'aUE-BUSE, or HAR'QUE-BUSE, n. A hand gun ; a
species of fire arms, anciently used, which was cocked
with a wheel. _
AR-Q,UE-BU-SIeR', n. A soldier armed with an arque-
buse.
f ARR, 71. A mark made by a flesh wound, a cicatrice.
Relph.
t AR'RA, 71. [L. arrha, or arra.] A pledge. Anderson.
AR'RACH, 71. A plant. See Orrach,
AR-RACK', 71. Contracted into rack. A spirituous liquor
imported from the East Indies, which usually bears this
name, is toddy, a liquor distilled from the juice of the co-
coa-nut tree^ procured by incision.
AR'RA-GO-NlTE, n. In mineralogy, a species of carbonate
of lime, but not pure.
AR-RaIGN', (ai rane') v. t. [Norm, arraner.] 1. To call or set
a prisoner at the bar of a court, to answer to the matter
charged against him in an indictment or information.
2. According to law writers, to set in order 5 to fit for
trial. 3. To accuse ; to charge with faults 5 to call before
the bar of reason or taste.
AR-RaIGN', (ar-rane') 71. Arraignment ; as, clerk of the
arraigns. Blackstone.
AR-RaIGN'ED, (ar-rand') pp. Called before a tribunal to
answer, and elect triers ; accused ; called in question.
AR-RaIGN'ING, ppr. Calling before a court or tribunal ;
accusing.
AR-RaIGN'MENT, (ar-rane'ment) 7i. [Norm, arresnemcnt,
arraij7iement.] 1. The act of arraignmg, 2. Accusation
3. A calling in question for faults.
I AR-RaI'MENT, n. Clothes ; garments. We now use rai-
ment.
f AR'R AND, 71. The old word for erra7id ; message. How-
ell. _
AR-RaN6E', v. t. [Fr. a7^ffl7?^er.] 1. To put in proper
order ; to dispose the parts of a whole in the manner in-
tended, or best suited for the piu-pose. 2. To adjust ; to
settle ; to put in order •, to prepare.
AR-RaN6'ED, (ar-ranjd') pp. Put in order ; disposed in the
proper order ; adjusted.
AR-RaNGE'MENT, n. 1. The act of putting in proper or-
der ; the state of being put in order ; disposition in suita-
ble form. 2. That which is disposed in order ; system of
parts disposed in due order. 3. Preparatory measure ;
previous disposition. 4. Final settlement ; adjustment
by agieement. 5. Classification of facts relating to a sub-
ject, in a regular, systematic order.
AR-RaN6'ER, 71. One that puts in order.
AR-RaNG'ING, ppr. Putting in due order or form ; ad ■
justing.
AR'RANT, a Notorious, in an ill sense ; infamous ; mere ;
vile.
AR RANT-LY, adv. Notoriously, in an ill sense ; infa-
mously ; impudently ; shamefully.
AR'RAS, n. [from Arras, in Artois, where this article
is manufactured.] Tapestry ; hangings wove with fig
ures.
t AR-RAUGHT', a. Seized by violence. Spenser.
AR-RaY', n. [Norm, araie.] 1. Order ; disposition in regu
lar lines ; as an army in battle array. Hence, a posture
of defense. 2. Dress ; garments disposed in order upon
the person. Dryden.—3. In law, the act of impanneling a
jury ; or a jury impanneled.
* See Synopsis. A, fi, T, O, V, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD •,— j Obsolete
ARR
AR-RaY', v. t 1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for
battle. 2. To deck or dress ; to adorn with dress, 3. To
set a jury in order for the trial of a cause ; that is, to call
them man by man. Blackntone, 4. To envelop.
AR-RaY'ED, (ar-rade') pp. Set in order, or in lines ; ar-
ranged in order for attack or defense ; dressed : adorned
by dress ; tmpanneled.
AR-RaY'£R, 11. One who arrays.— In English history, an
officer who had a commission of array, to put the soldiers
of a county in a condition for military service.
AR-RaY'ING, ppr. Setting in order; putting on splendid
raiment ; impanneling.
t AR-ReAR', adv. [Fr. arriere.l Behind ; at the hinder
part^ Spenser.
AR-Re.AR', n. That which is behind in payment, or which
remains unpaid, though due. — In arrear, behind in pay-
menu
AR-ReAR'A6E, n. Arrears ; any sum of money remaining
unpaid, after previous payment of a part.
f AR-ReAR'AKCE, n. The same with arrear. Diet.
AR-RE€T , or AR-RE€T'ED, a. [L. arrectus.] Erect ; at-
tentive ; as a person listening.
t AR-RE€T', V. t. To raise or lift up. Skelton.
AR-REN-Ta'-TION, n. [Sp. arrendar.] In the forest laws
of England, a licensing the owner of land in a forest to
inclose it with a small ditch and low hedge, in considera-
tion of a yearly rent. Cowel.
AR-REP-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. arreptus.] 1. Snatched away.
2. [ad and repo.'] Crept in privily. Johnson.
AR-REST', v. t. [Fr. arriter.] 1. To obstruct ; to stop ; to
check or hinder motion. 2. To take, seize or apprehend
by virtue of a warrant from authority. 3. To seize and
fix. 4. To hinder, or restrain.
AR-REST', n. 1. The taking or apprehending of a person by
vutue of a warrant from authority. 2. Any seizure, or
taking by power, physical or moral. 3. A stop.hinderance
or restraint. — 4. In law, an arrest of judgment is the stay-
ing or stopping of a judgment after verdict, for causes
assigned. 5. A mangy humor between the ham and pas-
tern of the hind legs of a horse.
AR-REST-aTION, n. The act of arresting ; an aiTest or
seizure .
AR-REST'ED, pp. Seized ; apprehended ; stopped ; hin-
dered ; restrained.
AR-REST'ER, or AR-REST'OR, n. One who anests.
AR-REST'ING, ppr. Seizing ; staying ; restraining.
AR-REST'MEj\'T, n. In Scots law, an arrest, or detention
of a criminal, till he finds caution or surety, to stand
trial.
AR-RET', n. The decision of a court or council ; a decree
published ; the edict of a sovereign prince.
t AR-RET', V. t. To assign ; to allot. Spenser.
+ AR-RET'TED, a. Convened before a judge, charged with
a crime.
t AR-RiDE', V. t. [L. arrideo.l To laugh at ; to please well.
Ben Jonson.
AR-RIeRE', (ar-reer') n. The last body of an army ; now
called rear, which see. — Arriere-ban, or ban and arriere-
ban, a general proclamation of the French kings, by
which not only their immediate feudatories, \)\A their vas-
sals, were summoned to take the field for war. — Jlrriere-
fee ox fief. A fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a
fee held of a feudatory. — Arriere vassal. The vassal of a
53
ART
AR-Rl* VAL, 71. I. The coming to, or reaching a place, from
a distance. 2. The attainment or gaining of any ob-
ject.
t AR-RrVANCE, n. 1. Company coming. Shak. 2. Arrival ;
a reaching in progress. Brown.
AR-RlVE', V. i. [Fr. arriver.] 1. Literalhj, to come to the
shore, or bank. Hence, to come to or reach in progress
by water, followed by at. 2. To come to or reach by
traveling on land. 3. To reach a point by progressive
motion ; to gain or compass by eiSbit, practice, study, en-
quiry, reasoning or experiment. 4. To happen or occur.
tAR-RIVE', r.t. To reach. Shak.
AR-RlVIXG, ppr. Coming to or reaching, by water or
land ;_ gaining by research, efibrt or study.
t AR-RoDE', V. t. [L. arrodo.] To gnaw or nibble. Diet.
^\R-Ro'BA, n. [Arabic] A weight, in Portugal, of thirty-
two pounds ; in Spain, of twenty-five pounds.
ARRO-GAXCE, n. [L. arrogantia.] The act or quality of
taking much upon one's self •, that species of pride which
consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation
or power ; proud contempt of others ; couceitedness ; pre-
sumption.
AR'RO-GAN-CY, 7?. Arrogance. [This orthography is less
us2ial.'\
AR'RO-GANT, a. 1. Assuming ; making, or having the
disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estima-
tion •, gi-^'ing one's self an undue degree of importance ;
haughty ; conceited. 2. Containing arrogance ; marked
with arrogance ; proceeding from undue claims or seif-
iTipoi'ance.
[Sax. earse.] The buttocks or hind part of an
AR'RO-GANT-LY, adv. In an arrogant manner : with un-
due pride or self-unportance.
AR'RO-GANT-NESS, n. Arrogance. [Littleused.]
AR'RO-GATE, v. t. [L. arrogo.] To assume, demand or
challenge more than is proper ; to make undue claims,
from vanity or false pretensions to right or merit.
AR'RO-GA-TED, pp. Claimed by undue pretensions.
AR'RO-GA-TING, ppr. Challenging or claiming more pow-
er or respect than is just or reasonable.
AR-RO-Ga'TION, 71. The act of arrogating, or making ex-
orbitant claims ; the act of taking more than one is just'y
entitled to.
AR'RO-GA-TiVE, a. Assuming or making undue claims
and pretensions. More.
AR-ROND'iS-MENT, n. [Fr. arrondir.] A circuit : a dis-
trict j a division or portion of territory in France. '
AR-Ro'SION, (ar-ro'zhun) n. [L. arrodo.] A gna-iving
AR'RoW, 71. [Sax. areica.l A missive weapon of nSense,
straight, slender, pointed and barbed, to be shot with a
bow^
AR'RoW-GRaSS, n. A plant or genus of plants ; the trig-
lochin. Mxihlenberg.
AR'RoW-HEAD, 7!. 1. The head of an arrow. 2. Sagitta-
ria ,• a genus of aquatic plants.
AR'RoW-ROOT, n. 1. The maranta ; a genus of plants,
natives of tlie Indies. 2. The starch of the maranta, or
an-ow-root, a nutritive medicinal food.
AR'RoW-Y, a. 1. Consisting of arrows. 2. Formed like an
arrow.
aRSE, 71.
animal.
tXRSE'FOOT, 7?. A kind of water-fowl. Diet.
ARSE-SMART, 7?. The vulgar name of a species of polyg-
onum, or knot-grass.
AR'SE-NAL, n. [Sp. Port. It. Fi'.] A repository or maga-
zine_of arms and military stores.
AR-SeN'I-AC, or AR-SEN'I-€AL ACID. Arsenic combined
with a greater proportion of oxygen, than in the arsenious
acid^
AR-Se'NI-ATE, 77. A neutral salt, formed by arsenical
acid combined with any metallic, earthy or saline base.
ARSE'JNflC, 7!. [Gr. apueviKov ; Fr. arsenic.] A mineral sub-
stance which is a virulent poison ; vulgarly called ratsbane.
AR-SENT-CAL, a. Belonging to arsenic ; consisting of or
containing arsenic.
AR-SEN'I-€ATE, v. t. To combine with arsenic.
AR-SEN'I-CA-TED, a. Combined with arsenic.
AR-Se'NI-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or containing arsenic.
AR'SE-NITE, 71. A salt formed by the arsenious acid, with
a base.
ARSH'INE, n. A Russian measure of more than two feet.
aR'SON, (ar'sn) 7!. [Norm. Fr. arsine, arseun.] In law
the malicious burning of a house of another man, which
by the common law, is felony.
ART. The second person, indicative mode, present tense
of the substantive verb am.
ART, 7!. [L. ars, artis.] 1. The disposition or modification
of things by human skill, to answer the purpose intended.
In this'sense, art stands opposed to nature. 2. A system
of rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain
actions ; opposed to science, or to speculative principles.
3. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain ac-
tions, acquired by experience, study or observation.
AR-TE-MIS'I-A, 7?. Mug-wort, southernwood, and worm-
wood 5 a genus of plants.
AR-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to an artery or the arteries.
2. Contained in an artery.
AR-TE-RI-OT'0-MY, n. [Gr. aprrjpia and TOfiv.l The
opening of an artery for the purpose' of letting blood.
AR'TE-RY, n. [Gr. apTripia.] A cylindrical vessel or tube,
which conveys the blood from the heart to all parts of the
body. There are two principal arteries ; the aorta and
the pulmonary artery.
ART'FUL, a. 1. Performed with art or skill. 2. Artificial
3. Cunning •, practicing art, or stratagem ; crafty. 4
Proceeding from art or craft.
ART'FUL-LY, adv. With art, or cimning ; skilfully ; dex-
trously.
ART FUL-NESS, n. Art ; craft ; cunning ; address
AR-THRIT'I€, } a. Pertaining to the joints, or to the
AR-THRIT'I-€AL, \ gout ; aflfecting the joints.
AR-THRIT'IS, 71. [Gr. apdping.] Any painful disease of
the joints ; but more particularly, the gout.
AR-THRoDI-A, n. In anatomy, a species of articulation.
AR'TIC. This word is, by mistake, used by some authors
for arctic.
AR'TI-CHOKE, n. [Fr. artichaut.] A plant somewhat re-
sembling a thistle. The Jerusalem artichoke is a species
of sun-flower.
AR'TI-€LE, 7J. [Ij. articiilus.] 1. A single clause in a con-
tract, account, treaty, or other writing ; a particular, sep-
arate charge, or item, in an account j a term, condition,
or stipulation, in a contract. 2. A point of faith. 3. A
* See Synopsis. MoVE. BOQK. D6VE :— BIJLL. GNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in tAis. t Obsolete .
ARU
54
ASC
distinct part. Paley. 4. A particular commodity, or sub-
stance. — 5. In botany, that part of a stalk or stem, which is
between two joints. — 6. in grammar, an adjective used
before nouns, to limit or define their application ; as, hie,
ille, ipse, in Latin •, h, f], to, in Greek ; the, this, that, in
English ; le. La, J.es, in French ; il, la, lo, in Italian.
AR'Tl-CLE, t). £. 1. To draw up in distinct particulars. 2.
To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. 3. To
bind by articles of covenant or stipulation.
XR'Ti-€L£, V. i. To agree by articles ; to stipulate.
AR'T1-€L£D, pp. Drawn up in particulars ; accused or
bound by articles.
AR-TItJ'U-LAR, a. [L. articnlaris.] Belonging to the
joints.
AR-TI€'U-LATE, a. [L. articulatus.'] 1. Formed by joint-
ing, or articulation of the organs of speech : applied to
sound 2. Expressed in articles. [JVot used.'\ 3. Jointed j
formed with joints. Botany.
4R-TI€'U-LATE, v. t. 1. To Utter articulate sounds ; to
utter distinct syllables or words. 2. To draw up or write
in separate particulars. [06s.] Shak. 3. To treat, stipulate
or make terms. [06s.] Shak. 4. To joint. Smith.
AR-TI€'U-LA-TED, pp. 1. Uttered distinctly in syllables
or words. 2. Jointed ; having joints, as a plant.
AR-Ti€'U-LATE-LY, adv. 1. With distinct utterance of
syllables or vt'ords. 2. Article by article ; in detail. Paley.
AR-TI€'U-LATE-NESS, n. The quality of being articulate.
AR-TI€'U-LA-TING, ppr. Uttering in distinct syllables or
words.
AR-TI€-U-LA'TrON, n. 1. In anatomy, the joining or
juncture of the bones. — 2. In botany, the connection of
the parts of a plant by joints. 3. The forming of words
by the human voice. 4. A consonant.
XR'TI-FICE, 71. [L. artificium.'] 1. Stratagem; an artful
or ingenious device. In a bad sense, it corresponds with
trick, or fraud. 2. Art ; trade ; skill acquired by science
or practice. [Rarely iLsed.]
AR-TIF'I-CER, n. [L. artifez.] 1. An artist ; a mechanic
or manufacturer. 2. One who makes or contrives ; an in-
ventor. 3. A cunning, or artful fellow. [J\rot used.\ Ben
Jonson.
AR-TI-Fi''CIAL, a. 1. Made or contrived by art, or by hu-
man skill and labor. 2. Feigned ; fictitious ; not genuine
or natural. 3. Contrived with skill or art. 4. Cultivated ;
not indigenous ; not being of spontaneous growth.
t AR-TI-Fl"CIAL, r:. The production of art. Sir F/. Petty.
AR-TI-Fi-Cl-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being artificial ;
apjiearance of art. Shenstone.
AR 'i'J -Fi"CI Ali-LY, adv. By art, or human skill and con-
trivance •, with art or ingenuity.
AR-TI-F]"CIAL-NESS, n. The quality of being artificial.
f AR-TI-FICIOUS, a. Artificial.
f aR TIL-ISE, or f ARTIZE, v. t. To give the appearance
of art to. BoLinghroke,
AR-TIL'LE-RY, n. This word has no plural. [Fr. artillc-
rie.] 1. Offensive weapons of v/ar. 2. Cannon ; great
guns ; ordnance. 3. The men v/ho manage cannon and
mortars, with the officers, engineers, and" persons v/ho
supply the artillery with implements and materials.
XRT'I-SAN, n. [Fr. See Art.] An artist ; one skilled in
any art, mystery or trade ; a handicrafts-man ; a mechan-
ic ; a tradesman.
ART'IST, ?i. [Fr. artiste.] 1. One skilled in an art or
trade ; one who is master or professor of a manual art ; a
good workman in any trade. 2. A skilful man ; not a
novice. — 3. In an academical sense, a proficient in the
faculty of arts 5 a philosopher. 4. One skilled in the fine
arts •, as a painter, sculptor, architect, &c.
ART'LESS, a. 1. Unskilful •, wanting art, or skill. 2. Free
from guile, art, craft or stratagem ; simple ; sincere ; un-
affected ; undesigning. 3. Contrived without skill or art.
ART'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Without art or skill ; in an artless
manner. 2. W^ithout guile ; naturally.
ART'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of being void of art or
guile ; simplicity , sincerity ; unaffectedness.
AR'TO-TY-RlTE, n. [Gr. apros and rvpos.] One of a sect
of heretics, ir the primitive church, who celebrated the
eucbarist wit._ bread and cheese.
•f ARTS-M_AN, 71. A learned man. Shak.
AR-UN-De'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arundel ; as, jSrunde-
liait marbles.
A-RUN-DI-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. antndo.] Pertaining to a
reed ; resembling the reed or cane.
AR-UN-DIN'E-OUS, a. Abounding with reeds.
A-Ru'RA, 71. [Gr. apovpa.] A piece of ground ; a plowed
field ; a Grecian measure.
A-RUSTEX, 71. [L.] A soothsayer. Dryden.
A-RUS'PlCE, n. Written also haruspice. [L. aruspex, or
haruspex.] A priest, in ancient Rome, whose business it
was to inspect the entrails of victims killed in sacrifice,
and by them to foretell future events.
A-RU^'PI-CY, 71. The act of prognosticating by inspection
of t":je ent.-ails of beasts slain in sacrifice.
fAR'VEL, n. A funeral. Grose. Craven dialect.~ Arvet
supper. The feast made at northern funerals. — .Brvel
bread. Cakes given at funerals. Grose.
AS, adv. [G. and D. als.] 1. Literally, like ; even ; simi-
lar ; in like manner ; as, do as you are commanded. 2
It was formerly used where we now use that. Obs. 3. It
was formerly used for as if. Obs. 4. WhUe ; during ; at
the same time. " He trembled as he spoke." — 6.s, in a
subsequent part of a sentence, answei-s to such ; give us
such things as you please.
ASj n. [L.] 1. A Roman weight of 12 ounces, answering
to the libra or pound. 2. A Roman coin. 3. An integer ;
a whole.
AS'A A corruption of lasar, an ancient name of a gum
See Ooze.
AS'A-DUL'CIS. The same as benzoin.
AS'A-FET'I-DA, n. [asa, and L. fmtidus.] A fetid gum-
resin, from the East Indies.
AS-A-RA-BA€'€A, n. [L. asarum.] A plant.
AS-BES'TlNE, a. Pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of ita
nature and qualities ; incombustible.
AS-BES'TI-NlTE, n. The actinolite, or strahlstein.—Calcif-
erous asbestinite ; a variety of steatite.
AS-BES'TUS, or AS-BES'TOS, 71. [Gr. ac^eoTOi.-] A min-
eral, which has frequently the appearance of a vegetable
substance. It is always fibrous, and its fibres are some-
times delicate, flexible, and elastic ; at other times, stiff
and brittle, it is incombustible, and has been wrought
into a soft, flexible cloth, which was formerly used as a
shroud for dead bodies.
AS-€a'RIS, n. ;plu. Ascar'ides. [Gr.] In zoology, a genus
of intestinal worms.
AS-CEND', V. i. [L. ascendo ^' 1. To move upwards ; to
mount ; to go up ; to lise. 2. To rise, in a figurative
sense ; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree,
from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals,
&c. 3. To proceed from modern to ancient times ; to re-
cur to former ages ; to proceed in a line towards ances-
tors. — 4. In music, to rise in vocal utterance ; to pass from
any note to one more acute.
AS-CEND', V. t. To go or move upwards upon ; as, to as
cend a hill ; to climb.
AS-CEND'A-BLE, a. That may be ascended.
AS-CEND'ANT, n. 1. Superiority or commanding influ-
ence. 2. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy,
or degrees of kindred ; opposed to descendant. 3. Height ;
elevation. [Little used.] Temple. — 4. In astrology, that
degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the
time of one's birth. That part of the ecliptic at any par-
ticular time above the horizon, supposed to have influence
on a person's life and fortune.
AS-CEND ANT, a. 1. Superior ; predominant ; surpassing.
— 2. In astrology, above the horizon.
AS-CEND'ED, pp. or a. Risen ; mounted up ; gone to
heaven.
AS-CEND'EN-CY, n. Power ; governing or controlling in-
fluence.
AS-CEND'ING, ppr. Rising ; moving upwards ; proceeding
from the less to the greater ; proceeding from modern to
ancient, from grave to more acute. — Ascending latitude is
the latitude of a planet, when moving towards the north
pole. — Ascending node is that point of a planet's orbit,
wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward.
AS-CEN'SIOAT, ,!. [L. ascensio.] 1. The act of ascending ;
a rising. It is frequently applied to the visible elevation
of our Savior to heaven. 2. The thing ascending. [J^ot
authorized.]
AS-CEN'S10N-DaY, 77. A festival held on Holy Thursday,
in commemoration of our Savior's ascension into heaven,
after his resurrection. — Ascensional difference is the dif-
ference between the right and oblique ascension of the
same point on the surface of the sphere.
AS-CEN SIVE, a, Pv,ising 5 tending to rise, or causing to
rise. Journ. of Science.
ASCENT', n. [L. ascensus.] 1. The act of rising ; motion
upwards ; rise ; a mounting upwards. 2. The way by
which one ascends ; the means of ascending. 3. An em
inence, hill or high place. 4. The degree of elevation ot
an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line.
5. Acclivity •, the rise of a hill.
AS-CER-TaIN', v. t. [L. ad cerium.] 1. To make certain ;
to define or reduce to precision, by removing obscurity or
ambiguity. 2. To make certain, by trial, examination
or experiment, so as to know what was before unknown.
3. To make sure by previous measures. 4. To fix ; to
establish with certainty •, to render invariable.
AS-CER-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be made certain in
fact, or reduced to certainty.
AS-CER-TaIN'ED, (as-ser-tand') pp. Made certain ; de-
fined ; established ; reduced to a certainty.
AS-CER-TaIN'ER, 71. The person who ascertains or makes
certain .
AS-CER-TAlN'ING,;7pr. Making certain ; fixing ; establish
ing ; reducing to a certainty ; obtaining certain knowledge
Sef Synopsis. A E, I 6 V,V long.— FAR, FALIi, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARlNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
ASK
55
ASP
AS-CER-TaIN M£NT, n. The act of ascertaining ; a re-
ducing to certainty ; certainty ; fixed rule. Swift>
^^eIIaNT ^' i ^^^ AcESCENCY, Acescent,
AS-CET le, a. [Gr. aGKTjrog.] Retired from the world ;
rigid •, severe ; austere ; employed in devotions and mor-
tifications,
AS-CET'I€, n. I. One who retires from the business of life,
and devotes himself to piety and devotion ; a hermit ; a
recluse. 2, The title of certain books, on devout exer-
cises.
\ AS-CET'I-CISM, n. The state of an ascetic. Warhurton.
AS'CIAN, n. [L. ascii.'] A person, who, at certain times of
the year, has no shadow at noon.
AS'CI-TANS, n. [Gr, ao-/cof,] A sect or branch of Monta-
nists, who appeared in the second century,
AS-Cl'TES, n. [Gr. aaKOiJ] A dropsy, or tense, elastic swell-
ing of the belly, with fiuctuation, from a collection of
water.
AS-CIT'I€, ) a. Belonging to an ascites ; dropsical ;
AS-CIT'I-€AL, \ hydropical.
AS-CI-Ti"TIOUS, a, [L. asciius.'] Additional ; added ; sup-
plemental ; not inherent or original.
AS-€Le'PI-AD, 71. In ancient poetry, a verse of four feet.
AS-€Rl'BA-BLE, a. That may be ascribed.
AS-€RiBE', V. t. [L. ascribo.] 1. To attribute, impute, or
set to, as to a cause ; to assign, as effect to a cause. 2.
To attribute, as a quality ; to consider or alledge to be-
long.
AS-€RIB'ED, (as-kribdO pp. Attributed or imputed ; con-
sidered or alledged as belonging.
AS-€RlB'ING, ppr. Attributing ; imputing ; alledging to
belong.
AS-CRIP'TION, n. The act of ascribing, imputing or af-
firming to belong,
AS-€RIP-Ti"TIOUS, a. That is ascribed,
ASH, 71, [Sax. cesc ; Dan. ask.] 1, A well known tree, of
which there are many species. 2. The wood of the ash-
tree.
ASH, a. Pertaining to or iike the ash ; made of ash,
t A-SHaME', v. t. To shame.
A-SHaM ED, (a-shamd') a. Affected by shame ; confused
by a consciousness of guilt or of inferiority ; by the mor-
tification of pride ; by failure or disappointment.
tA-SHAMED-LY, ffldy. Bashfully,
fA-SHELF', acZi). On a shelf or rock. Massinger.
ASH-€oL'ORED, a. Of a color between brown and gray,
ASH'EN, a. Pertaining to ash ; made of ash.
ASH'ES, 71. plu. without the singular number, [Sax. asca.]
1, The earthy particles of combustible substances remain-
ing after combustion, 2, The remains of the human body
when burnr. Hence, figuratively, a dead body or corpse,
ASH'-FIRE, 71, A low fire used in chemical operations,
ASH'-FLY, 71. The oak-fly. Complete Angler.
ASH'-HoLE, 71. A repository for ashes ; the lower part of
a furnace.
ASH'LAR, 71, Common or free stones, as they come from
the quarry.
ASH'LER-ING, n. Q,uartering for lathing to, in garrets.
A-SHoRE', adv. 1. On shore ; on the land adjacent to wa-
ter ; to the shore. 2. On land, opposed to aboard. 3. On
the ground.
ASH'-TUB, 71, A tub to receive ashes,
ASH'-WEDNES'DAY, (ash-wenz'de) n. The first day of
Lent ; supposed to be so called from a custom of sprin-
kling ashes on the head.
ASH'-WEED, 71, A plant, the small, wild angelica, gout-
wort, goats-foot, or herb-gerard,
ASH'Y, a. Belonging to ashes ; ash-colored ; pale ; inclining
to a whitish gray, Shak.
ASH'-Y-PALE, a. Pale as ashes, Shak.
A SIAN, a. Pertaining to Asia,
A'SIAR€H. n. A chief or pontifi" of Asia ; one who had the
superintendence of the public games.
A-SIAT'I€, a. Belonging to Asia.
A-SIAT'I€, 71. A native of Asia.
A-SIAT'I-CISM, 71. Imitation of the Asiatic manner.
A-SlDE', adv. 1. On or to one side ; out of a perpendicular
or straight direction. 2. At a little distance from the
main part or body. 3. From the body. 4. From the
company ; at a small distance, or in private. 5. Separate
from the person, mind or attention ; in a state of aban-
donment,
AS-IN-E'GO, n. [Sp. asnico.'] A foolish fellow,
AS'I-NINE, rarely ASII-NA-RY, a. [L, asinus.] Belonging
to the ass •, having the qualities of the ass,
ASK, V. t. [Sax, ascian, acsian, or axian.] 1, To request ;
to seek to obtain by words ; to petition ; with of before
the person to whom the request is made, 2. To require,
expect or claim. 3, To interrogate, or inquire ; to put a
question, with a view to an answer. 4. To require, or
make claim. 5. To claim, require or demand, as the price
or value of a commodity •, to set a price. 6. To invite.
ASK, v> i. 1. To request or petition, followed by /or. 2
To inquire, or seek by request,
ASK, ASH, AS, come from the Saxon asc, an ash-tree
GHbson.
ASK, See Asker,
AS-KANCE', ) adv. [D, schuins.] Towards one corner of
AS-KANT', \ the eye.
ASKED, pp. Requested ; petitioned ; questioned 5 interro-
gated,
ASK'ER, n. 1. One who asks 5 a petitioner; an inquirer
2. A water newt. Johnson.
AS-KEW, adv. [G. schief.] With a wry look ; asi(?e ;
askant ; sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, cr
envy.
ASK'ING, p;j?-. 1. Requesting ; petitioning; interrogating;
inquiring, 2. Silently expressing request or desire,
f A-SLAKE', V. t. [Sax. aslacian.] To remit ; to slacken
Speiiser.
AS-La'NI, n. A silver coin,
A-SLANT', a. or adv. On one side ; obliquely ; not perpen-
dicularly, or with a right angle,
A-SLEEP', a. or adv. 1, Sleeping ; in a state of sleep ; at
rest, 2, To a state of sleep ; as, to fall asleep. 3. Dead ;
in astate of death. 4. To death,
A-SLoPE', a. or adv. With leaning or inclination ; oblique-
ly ; with declivity or descent, as a hill.
t A-SLUG^, adv. In a sluggish manner. Fotherby.
AS-MO-Ne'AN, a. Pertaining to Asmoneus.
AS-MO-Ne'AN, 71. One of the family of Asmoneus.
t A-S6'MA-T0US, a. [Gr, a and ccojua.] Without a mate-
rial body ; incorporeal,
ASP, See Aspen,
ASP, or ASP'IO, 7!, [L. aspis ; Gr. acj-is,] A small, poison
ous serpent of Egypt.
AS-PAL'A-THUS, n. A plant.
AS-PAR'A-GIN, 71. White, transparent crystals of a peculiar
vegetable principle.
AS-PAR'A-GUS, 71. [L, and Gr.] Sparagus ; sperage ; vul-
garly, sparroiD-grass ; a genus of plants.
ASPECT, 71. [L. aspectus.] 1. Look ; view ; appearance
to the eye or the mind. 2, Countenance ; look, or partic-
ular appearance Of the face. 3. View ; sight ; act of see-
ing. 4. Position or situation with regard to seeing, or
that position which enables one to look in a particular
direction.— 5. In astronomy, the situation of one planet
with respect to another.
t AS-PE€T', V. t. To behold. Temple.
t AS-PE€T'A-BLE, a. That may be seen.
t AS-PE€T'ED, a. Having an aspect. Ben Jonson.
t AS-PEC'TION, n. The act of viewing. Brown.
ASP'EN, or ASP, n. [D. esp ; G. aspe, Hspe ; Sax. aspe.] A
species of the poplar, so called from the trembling of its
leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the
air.
ASP'EN, a. Pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it ; made
of aspen wood.
ASTER, a. [L.] Rough ; rugged. [Little used.]
AS'PER, 71. [L, aspiro, to breathe,] In grammar, the Greek
accent '.
AS'PER, n. A Turkish coin.
AS'PE-RATE, v.t. [L. aspero.] To make rough or uneven.
Boyle.
AS-PE-Ra'TION, n. A making rough.
AS-PER-GOIRE', n. [Fr. aspersoir.] A holy-water-sprin-
kle. Warton.
AS-PER-I-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. asper ?iiiA. folium.] Having
rough leaves.
AS-PER-I-FO'LI-OUS, a. Having leaves rough to the touch,
AS-PER'I-TY, 77, [L. asperitas.] 1, Roughness of surface :
unevenness ; opposed to smoothness. 2. Roughness of
sound ; harshness of pronunciation. 3. Roughness to the
taste ; sourness. 4, Roughness or ruggedness of temper j
moroseness ; sourness ; crabbedness, 5, Sharpness.
t AS'PER-LY, or AS'PRE-LY, adv. Roughly ; sharply.
AS-PER-Na'TION, 77. [L, aspernatio.] Neglect ; disregard .
Diet.
ASTER-OUS, a. [L. asper, rough.] Rough; uneven.
Boyle.
AS-PERSE', (as-pers') v. t. [L. aspergo, aspersus.] 1 To
bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious charges ;
to tarnish in point of reputation, or good name ; to slander
or calumniate. 2. To cast upon.
AS-PERS'ER, 71. One that asperses, or vilifies another.
AS-PER'SION, 71. A sprinkling. 2. The spreading of ca
lumnious reports or charges.
AS-PHALT', or AS-PHALT'UM, n. [Gr. aacpaXroi.] Bitu-
men Judaicum, Jew's pitch ; a smooth, hard, brittle, black
or brown substance, which breaks with a polish, melts
easily when heated, and, when pure, bums without leav-
ing any ashes.
AS-PHALT'I€, a. Pertaining to asphalt, or containing it ;
bituminous. Milton.
AS-PHALT'ITE, a. Pertaining to or containing asphalt.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B^LL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
ASS
56
ASS
.S'PHO-DEL, n. [L and Gr. j King's-spear ; a genus of
liliaceous plants, cultivated for the beauty of their flowers.
iS-PHtJ'REL-ATES, n. [Gr. a and aipvpa.] A series of
semimetallic fossils.
\.S-PHYX'Y, n. [Gr. a(7(pv^ia.] A temporary suspension of
the motion of the heart and arteries ; swooning ; fainting.
'^Sl'ie, 7i. i. The asp, which see. 2. A piece of ord-
nance, carrjing a twelve pound shot.
ASP'ie, 71. A species of lavender, a plant.
AS-PI'RANT, n. One who aspires, breathes after, or seeks
with eagerness.
AS'PI-RATE, V. t. [L. asjnro.] To pronounce with a
breathing, or full emission of breath. We aspirate the
words horse and house.
AS'PI -KATE, V. i. To be uttered with a strong breathing ;
as, the letter h aspirates. Dryden.
AS'Pl-RATE, n. A letter marked with an asper, or note of
breathing ; a mark of aspiration, as the Greek accent ' .
AS'Pl-RATE, a. Pronounced with a full breath.
AS PI-RA-TED, pp. Uttered with a strong emission of
breath.
AS'Pl-RA-TING, ;7pr. Pronouncing with a full breath.
AS-PI-Ra'TION, n. ]. The pronunciation of a letter with
a full emission of breath. 2. A breathing after ; an ardent
wisli or desire. 3. The act of aspiring, or of ardently de-
siring what is noble or spiritual.
AS-PiRE', r. i. [L. aspiro.] 1. To desire with eagerness ;
to pant after an object. 2. To aim at something elevated.
Pope.
t AS-PTRE MENT, n. The act of aspiring. Brewer.
AS-PlR'ER, n. One who aspires ; one who aims to rise.
AS-PiR'ING, ppr. Desiring eagerly ; aiming at something
noble, great, or spiritual.
AS-PlR'LNG, a. Ambitious ; animated with an ardent de-
sire^ of power, importance, or excellence.
AS-PlR'ING, n. 1. Ambition ; eager desire of something
great. 2^ Points ; stops. [JVot used.]
AS-POR-Ta-TION, ?!. [li.asportatio.] A carrying away. —
In laK, the felonious removal of goods.
A-SQ,UINT', adv. [D. schuinte.] 1. To the corner or angle
of the eye ; obliquely ; towards one side. 2. Not with
regard, or due notice.
ASS, 71. [W. Gsyn ; Ir. asan ; L. asinus.l ]. A quadruped
of the equine geni's 2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow : a
dolt.
AS-SA'I. [It.] A term in music ; added to a word signify-
ing slow, it denotes a little quicker ; and to a word sig-
nifying quick, it denotes a little slower.
AS-SaIL', v. t. [Fr. assaillir.] 1. To leap or fall upon by
violence ; to assault ; to attack suddenly. 2. To invade
or attack, in a hostile manner. 3. To attack with argu-
ments, censure, abuse, or criticism.
AS-SaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be assailed, attacked, or
invaded.
[Fr.] One who assails, attacks, or as-
Assaulting ; attacking ; invading with
Assaulted ; invaded ; attacked
AS-SaIL'AJVT
saults.
AS-SaIL'ANT
violence.
AS-SAIL'ED, (as-sald') pp
with violence.
AS-SaIL'ER, 71. One who assails.
AS-SaIL'ING, ppr. Assaulting ; invading by force , at-
tacking with violence.
tAS-S_ATL'MENT, ??. Attack. Johnson.
AS-SA-PAN'ie, 71. The flying squirrel.
AS'SA-RON, 7(. A Hebrew measure of five pints.
AS-SART', n. [o\i Fr. assarter.] 1. In ancient laics, the
offense of grubbing up trees, and thus destroying thickets
or coverts of a forest. 2. A tree plucked up by the roots ;
also, a piece of land cleared. Ash.
AS-SART', V t. To grub up trees ; to commit an assart.
AS-SAS'SIN, n. One who kills, or attempts to kill, by sur-
prise or secret assault.
t AS-SAS'SIN, V. t. To murder. Stillingfieet.
AS-SAS'SIN-ATE, v.t. 1. To kill, or attempt to kill, by
surprise or secret assault ; to murder by sudden violence.
2. To waylay : to take by treachery.
t AS- S AS SIN- ATE, 7i. A murder or murderer.
AS-SAS'SIN-A-TED, pp. Murdered by surprise, or secret
assault.
AS-SAS'SIN-A-TING, ppr. Murdering by surprise or secret
assault..
AS-SAS-SIN-A TION, n. The act of killing or murdering,
by surprise or secret assault ; murder by violence.
AS-SAS'SlN-A-'l OR, n. Aj\ assassin, which see.
t A3-SAS'SI-NOUS, a.. Murderous.
AS-SAS'SINS, n. In %ria, atribe or clan called Ismaelians,
Batavists, or Eatenians.
t AS-Sa'TION, n. [Fr.] A roasting.
AS-SAULT', 71. [Ft. assault, now assaut.} 1. An attack,
or violent onset. 2. An attack by hostile words or meas-
ures.- 3. In lair, an unlawful setting upon one's person ;
an attempt or o/Ter to beat another, without touchhig his
person. If thf blow aimed takes efiect, it is a battery.
AS-SAULT', V. t. 1. To attack or fall tipon by violence,
or with a hostile intention, 2. To invade or fall on with
force. 3. To attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly
measures, with a view to shake, impair, or overthrow.
AS-SAULl'A-BLE, a. That may be assaulted. Williams.
AS-SAULT'ED, pp Attacked with force, arms, violence,
or hostile views.
AS-SAULT'ER. n. One who assaults, or violently attacks.
AS-SAULT'ING, ppr. Attacking with force, or with hostile
measures.
AS-SaY', 77, [Fr. essai; Sp. ensayo.] 1. The trial of the
goodness, purity, weight, value. Sec. of metals or metallic
substances, — 2. In law, an examination of weights and
measures by the standard. 3. Examination ; trial ; ef-
fort ; first entrance upon &ny business ; attempt. 4.
Value ; great purity. Obs.
AS-Sa Y', V. t. 1. To try or prove, by examination or ex-
periment, the quantity and purity of metallic substances.
2. To apply to the touchstone. Milton.
AS-SaY', v. i. To attempt, try, or endeavor.
AS-SaY'-BAL-ANCE, 77. A balance for the trial of the
weight and purity of metals.
AS-SaY'ED, (as-sade') pp. Examined ; tested ; proved by
experiment.
AS-SaY'ER, n. One who examines metals to find their
quantity and purity. An ofiicer of the mint, whose busi-
ness is to try the weight and purity of metals.
AS-SaY'ING, ppr. Trying by some standard ; examining
by experiment, as metals ; proving ; attempting.
AS-SaY'-MAS-TER,77. Anassayer; an ofiicer appointed to
try the weight and fineness of the precious metals.
t AS-SE€-Ta'TION, 71. [L. assectatio.] Attendance, or
waiting upon. Diet.
t AS'SE-€LE, 77. [L. assecla.l A dependent ; a follower.
Sheldon,
t AS-SE-€U'RANCE, n. Assurance. Sheldon.
t AS-SE-€U-Ra'TION, n. Assurance ; a making secure.
t AS-SE-€URE', V. t. To secure. Bullokar.
AS-SE-€u'TION, 77. [L. assequar.] An obtaining or acquir-
ing. Ayliffc.
AS-SEM'BLAGE, 71. [Fr.] 1. A collection of individuals,
or of particular things ; the state of being assembled. 2.
Rarely, the act of assembling.
f AS-SEM'BLANCE, 77. Representation ; an assembling.
AS-SEM'BLE, v, t. [Fr. assembler.'] To collect a number
of individuals or particulars into one place, or body ; to
bring or call together 5 to convene ; to congregate.
AS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To meet or come together ; to convene,
as a number of individuals,
AS-SEM'BLED, pp. Collected into a body ; congregated.
AS-SEM'BLER, 7?. One who assembles.
AS-SEM'BLING, p;jr. Coming together ; collecting into one
place.
AS-SEM'BLING, n. A collection or meeting together
Heb. X.
AS-SEM'BLY, 77, [Sp, asamblea ; It, assemblea ; Fr, assent
blee.] 1. A company or collection of individuals in the
same place ; usually for the same purpose. 2. A congre-
gation or religious society convened. 3. In some of the
United States, the legislature. 4. A collection of persons
for amusement. 5. A convocation, convention, or coun-
cil of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each
presbytery. — 6. In armies, the second beating of the drum
before a march, when the soldiers strike their tents. 7.
An asspmblage. [J^Tot in use.]
AS-SEM'BLY-ROOM, n. A room in which persons assem-
ble,
AS-SENT', 71. [L. assensus.] 1. The act of the mind in
admitting, or agreeing to, the trath of a proposition. 2
Consent ; agreement to a proposal, respecting some right
or interest. 3. Accord ; agreement.
AS-SENT', 7;. i. To admit as true ; to agree, yield, or con-
cede, or rather to express an agreement of the mind to
what is alledged, or proposed.
AS-SEN-Ta'TION, 77. [L, assentatio.] Compliance with
the opinion of another, from flattery or dissimulation.
AS-SEN-Ta'TOR, 7!. A flatterer.
t AS-SEN-TA-To'RI-LY, adv. With adulation.
AS-SENT ER, 77. One who assents, agrees to, or admits
AS-SENT'ING, pp): Agreeing to, or admitting as true ,
yielding to.
AS-SENT'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to express assent ,
by agreement,
AS-SENT'MENT, n. Assent ; agreement. Brown. [Rarely
used.]
AS-SERT', ?7. «. [L. assero, assertum.] 1. To afiirm posi
lively •, to declare with assurance •, to aver. 2. To main-
tain or defend by words or measures ; to vindicate a claim
or title to.
AS-SERT'ED, pp. Affirmed positively ; maintained ; vindi-
cated.
AS-SERT'ING, ppr. Peclaring with confidence ; maintain
ing ; defending.
AS-SER'TION, 77. 1. The act of asserting ; the maintainin.
* Sec Synopsis, a, e, I, 0,.U, Y, Zow^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT -.—PREY ;— PIN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— t
soletc.
ASS
57
of a claim. 2. Positive declaration or averment ; affirma-
tion ; position advanced.
AS-SERTiVE, a. Positive ; affirming confidently.
AS-SERT'IVE-LY, adv. Affirmatively. Bedell.
AS-SERT'OR, n. One who affirms positively ; an affirmer,
supporter, or vindicator.
AS-fcERT'U R\r, a. Affirming ; maintaining.
■f AS-SERVE', V. t. [L. asservio.] To serve. Diet.
ASSESS', v.t. [Fr. asseoir.] 1. To set, fix, or charge, a
certain sum upon one, as a tax. 2. To value ; to fix the
value of property, for the purpose of being taxed. 3. To
set, fix, or ascertain.
I AS-SESS', 71. Assessmrnt.
AS-SESS'A-BLE, a. That may be assessed.
AS-SESS'ED, (as-sesf) pp. Charged with a certain sum ;
v^llued ; set ; fixed ; ascertained.
ASSESS' IN G,ppr. Charging with a sum ; valuing; fixing;
ascertaining.
t AS-SES'SION V. A sitting down by a person.
AS-SES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to assessors.
AS-SESS'MENT, n. 1. A valuation of property or profits
of business, for the purpose of taxation. 2. A tax. or spe-
cific sum diarged on the person or property. 3. The act
of assessing ; the act of detennining the amount of dam-
ages by a jury.
AS-SEfeSiQll, n. 1. One appointed to assess the person or
property. 2. An inferior officer of justicey^ who sits to
assist the judge. 3. One who sits by another, as next in
dignity.
AS -SETS,n. plu. [Fr. assez.] Goods or estate of a deceased
person, sufficient to pay the debts of tlie deceased.
AS-SEV'ER, I V. t. [L. assevero.] To affirm or aver
AS-SEVER-ATE, ) positively, or with solemnity.
AS-SEV-ER-A'TION, n. Positive affirmation or assertion ;
solemn declaration.
ASS'-JHEAD, /(. One dull, like the ass ; one slow of appre-
hension : a blockhead.
AS-SI-De'ANS, or CHAS-I-De'ANS, n. A sect of Jews.
AS'Sl-DENT, a. [L. assideo, assidens.] Assident signs, in
medicine, are such as usually attend a disease.
t AS-SID^U-ATE, a. Daily. K. Charles.
AS-SI-Du'I-TY, 71. [L. assidititas.] 1. Constant or close
application to any business or enterprise ; diligence. 2.
Attention ; attentiveness to persons. — .dssiduities, in the
plural, are services rendered with zeal and constancy.
AS-tJlD'U-OUS, a. [L. assiduus.] 1. Constant in applica-
tion. 2. Attentive ; careful ; regular in attendance. 3.
Performed with constant diligence or attention.
AS-SID' U-OUS-LY, ado. Diligently; attentively; with
earnestness and care ; with regular attendance.
AS SID'U-OUS-NESS, n. Constant or diligent application.
|- AS S1e6E', 77. f . [Ft. assieger.j To besiege. Diet.
AS-S[-ENT'0, n. [Sp. asiento.j A contract or conven-
tion.
AS-SiGN', (as-sIneO v. t. [Fr. assigner.] I. To allot ; to
appoint or grant by distribution or apportionment. 2. To
designate or appoint for a particular purpose. 3. To fix,
specify, or designate. 4. To make or set over ; to trans-
fer, sell, or convey, by writing. 5. To alledge or show
in particular. — 6. In law, to show or set forth with par-
ticularity.
AS-SiGN', (as-sine') n. A person to whom property or an
interest is or may be transferred.
AS-SIGN' A-BLE, (as-sine a-bl) a. 1. That may be allotted,
appointed, or assigned. 2. That may be transferred by
writing. 3. That may be specified, shown with precision,
or designated.
AS'SIG-NAT, n. A public note or bill in France ; paper
currency^ Burke.
AS-SIG-Na'TION, 7j. I. An appointment of time and place
for meeting ; used chiefly of love-meetings. 2. A making
over by transfer of title. 3. In Rtissia, a public note, or
baiik bill ; paper currency.
AS-SlGN'ED, (as-sind') pp. Appointed ; allotted ; made
over ; shown or designated.
AS-SIGN-EE', (as-se-ne') n. A person to whom an assign-
ment is made ; a person appointed or deputed to do seme
actj^or enjoy some riglit, privilege, or property.
AS-SiGN'ER, (as-si'ner) n. One who assigns, or appoints.
AS-SlGN'ING, ppr. Allotting ; appointing ; transferring ;
shojving specially.
AS-SlGN'MENT, (as-slne'ment) n. 1. An allotting, or an
appointment to a particular person or use. 2. A transfer
of title or interest by writing. 3. The writing by which
an interest is transferred. 4. The appointment or designa-
tion of causes or actions in court, for trial on particular
days.— 5. In law the conveyance of the whole interest
which a mar has in an estate, usually for life or years.
AS-SIGN-OR'. (as-se-nor ) 77. An assigner ; a person who
assigns or transfers an interest.
AS-SIM J-LA-BLE, a. That may be assimilated.
AS-SIM 1-LATE, 75. t. [L. assimilo.] 1. To bring to a like-
ness ; to caus3 to resemble. 2. To "
substance.
convert into a like
ASS
AS-SIM'I-LATE, v.i. 1. To become similar. 2. To be
converted into a like substance.
AS-SIM' 1-LA-TED, pp. Brought to a likeness ; changed
into a like substance.
tAS-SlM'I-LATE-]\ESS, 77. Likeness. Diet.
AS-SIM' I-LA-TING, ppr. Causing to resemble ; converting
into a like substance.
AS-S1M-1-La'TION, 71. 1. The act of bringing to a resem-
blance. 2. The act or process by which bodies convert
ither bodies into their own nature ai J substance.
AS-SIM'I-LA-TlVE, a. Having power of converting to a
likeness, or to a like substance.
tAS-SlM'U-LATE, 7;.t. [h. assimulo.] To feign.
{aS-SIM-U-La'TION, n. A counierfeiting. See Simula-
tion.
AS SI-NE'GO, n. [Port.] An ass. Sir T. Herbert.
AS-SIST', V. t. [L. assisto.] To help ; to aid ; to succor 5 to
give support to in some undertaking or effiart, or in tmie
of distress,
AS-SIST', V. i. To lend aid.
AS-SIST'ANCE, n. Help ; aid ; furtherance succor ; a
contribution of support.
AS-SIST 'ANT, a. Helping ; lending aid or support ; auxil-
iary.
AS-SIST'ANT, 71. One who aids, or who contributes his
strength, or other means, to further the designs or welfare
of another ; an auxiliary.
t AS-SIST'ANT-LY, adv. So as to assist. Sternkold.
AS-SIST'ED, pp. Helped ; aided.
AS-SIST'ER, n. One that lends aid.
AS-SIST'ING, ppr. Helping ; aiding ; supporting with
strength or means,
AS-SIST'LESS, a. Without aid or help. Pope.
AS-SiZE', or AS-Si'ZES, n. [Fr. assises, and sometimes
so written in EngUsh.] 1. Originally, an assembly of
knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or jus-
tice, for public business. 2. A court in England, held in
every county by special commission to one of the judges,
who is called a justice of the assize, and empowered to
take assizes, that is, the verdict of a jury called the assize.
3. A jury. 4. A writ. 5. A particular species of rents.
6. The time or place of holding the court of assize. 7. In
a more general sense, any court of justice. 8. A statute
of regulation ; an ordinance rt-gulating the weight, meas-
ure, and price of articles sold in market ; and hence the
word came to signify the weight, measure, or price itself
This word is, in a certain sense, now corrupted into size,
wliich see.
AS-SiZE', V. t. To fix the weight, measure, or price ot
commodities, by an ordinance or regulation of authority.
AS-SlZ'ED, (as-slzd') pp. Regulated in weight, measure,
or price, by an assize or ordinance.
AS-SrZ'ER, 71. An officer who has the care or inspection of
weights and measures.
AS-SlZ'OR, 77. In Scotland, a juror. Bailey.
ASS'-LIKE, a. Resembling an ass. Sidney.
t AS-So'BER, 75. f. To keep under. Oower.
AS-SO-CIA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of
association ; the quality of suffering some change by sym-
pathy. Darwin.
AS-So'CIA-BLE, (as-so'sha-bl) a. 1. That may be joined
to or associated. — 2. In a medical sense, liable to be af-
fected by sympathy.
AS-So'CIATE, (as-so'shate) v. t. [Fr. associer ; L. associo.]
I. To join in company, as a friend, companion, partner,
or cjjnfederate. 2. To unite in the same mass.
AS-So'CIATE, V. i. 1. To unite in company ; to keep com-
pany, implying intimacy. 2. To unite in action, or be
affected by tlie action of a different part of the body.
AS-SO'CIATE, a. Joined in interest, purpose, or office ;
confederate.
AS-So'CIATE, 71. 1. A companion ; one frequently in
company with another ; a mate ; a fellow. 2. A partner
in interest, as in business ; or a confederate in a league.
3. A companion in a criminal transaction ; an accomplice.
AS-So'CIA-TED, pp. United in company or in interest ;
joined.
AS-So'CIATE-SHIP, n. The state or office of an associate
Encyc.
AS-So'CIA-TING, ppr. Uniting in company or in interest ,
joining.
AS-SO-CI-A'TION, 77. 1. The act of associating ; union ;
connection of persons. 2. Union of persons in a company ;
a society formed for transacting or carrying on some busi-
ness for mutual advantage ; a partnership ; a confederacy
3. Union of things ; apposition, as of particles of matter
4. Union or connection of ideas. An association of ideas,
is where two or more ideas constantly or naturally follow
each other in the mind, so that one almost infallibly pro-
duces the other. 5. An exertion or change of some ex-
treme part of the sensory residing in the muscles or organs
of sense, in consequence of some antecedent or attendant
fibrous contractions. Darioin. — 6 In ecclesiastical affairs,
a society of the clergy.
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K : (^^ as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
TV.
ASS "^^^ \ '58
AS-SO-CIa'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to an association of
clergymen.
AS-So'CIA-Ti VE, a. Having tlie quality of associating, or
of being affected by sympathy
t AS-SO-CiArOR, n. A confederate. Dryden.
\ AS-SO£L', V. t. [Old Fr. ; L,. ahsoloo.} To solve ; to re-
lease ; to absolve. Mede
fAS-SUlL', w t. [Ft.sGuiller.'] To soil ; to stain.
AS'SO-NANCE, 71. [Fr.] Resemblanceof sounds,— In rAet-
oric and poetry^ a resemblance in sound or terminatirn,
withou' making rhyme.
ASSO-NAiN'T, a. Having a resemblance of sounds.
f AS'SO-NATE, V. i. [L. assoiio.] To sound like a bell.
A.<SORT', V. t. [Fr. assortir.] 1. To separate and dis-
tribute into classes. 2. To furnish with all sorts.
AS-S( >RT', V. i. To agree ; to be in accordance vi'ith.
AS-SORTED, pp. 1. Distributed into sorts, kinds, or
classes. 2. Furnished with an assortment. Burke.
AS-SORT ING, ppr. Separating into sorts •, supplying with
an assortment.
AS-SORT'MENT, n. 1. The act of distributing into sorts.
2. A mass or quantity ofVarious kinds or sorts ; or a num-
ber of things assorted.
f AS-SOT', V. t. To infatuate ; to besot. Spenser.
AS-S(Ja6E', (as-swaje') v. t. To soften ; to allay, mitigate,
ease, or lessen, as pain or grief; to appease or pacify, as
passion or tumult.
AS-SUa6E', v. i. To abate or subside. Gen. viii.
AS-SUa6'ED, (as-swajd') pp. Allayed ; mitigated ; eased ;
aT>peased.
AS-SUa6E'MENT, n. Mitigation ; abatement.
AS-SUaG'ER, 71. One who allays ; that which mitigates or
abates.
Aa-SUA6'ING, ppr. Allaying ; mitigating ; appeasing 5
abating.
AS-SJa'SIVE, a. Softening ; mitigating ; tranquilizing.
Pope.
t AS-SUB'JECT, v. t. [Fr. assoubjectir.] To make subject.
t AS-SUB'JU-GATE, v. t. To subject to. Shak.
t AS-SLrE-FA€'TION, n. [L. assuefacio.] The act of ac-
customing. Bro7j)n.
AS'SUE-TUDE, (as'swe-tude) n. [L. assuetudo.] Custom ;
hamt •, habitual use. Bacon.
AS-SUME', V. t. [L. assumo.] 1. To take, or take upon
one. 2. To arrogate ; to seize unjustly. 3. To take for
granted, or without proof-, to suppose as a fact.
AS-SUxME', V. i. 1. To be arrogant ; to claim more than is
due. — 2. In law, to take upon one's self an obligation ;
to undertake or promise.
AS-SuM'ED, (,as-sumd') pp. Taken ; arrogated ; taken
without proof 5 pretended.
f A3-Su'MENT, «. [Ij. assumentam.] A piece or patch set on.
AS-SuM'ER, 71. One who assumes ; an arrogant person.
AS-SuM'xNG ppr. Taking ; arrogating ; taking for grant-
ed ;_ pretending.
AS-SuM'ING, a. Taking or disposed to take upon one's
selfmore than is just ; hauglity ; arrogant.
AS-SuMTNG, 71. Presumption. Juvson.
AS-SUMP'SIT, n. [pret. tense of L. assiimo.] 1. In law,
a promise or undertaking founded on a consideration.
2. An action founded on a promise.
tAS-SUMPT', w. t. To take up; to raise. Sheldon.
t AS-SUMPT', n. That which is assumed.
AS-SUMP'TION, n. [L. assiimptio.] 1. The act of taking
to one's self. 2. The act of taking for granted ; supposi-
tion. 3. The thing supposed ; a postulate or proposition
assumed. — In locric, the minor or second proposition in a
categorical syllogism. 4. A consequence drawn from the
proposition of whicli an argument is composed. 5. Un-
dertaking ; a taking upon one's self. Kent. — 6. In tlie
Rmnlsk church, the taking up a person into heaven, as
the Virgin Mary. Also, a festival in honor of the mirac-
ulous ascent of Mary. 7. Adoption.
AS-SUMP'TIVE, a. That is or may be assumed.
.4S-SU'RANCE, (as-shQ'-ranse) ?;. [Fr.] 1. The act of as-
suring. 2. Firm persuasion ; full confidence or trust ;
freedom from doubt ; certain expectation ; tlie utmost
certainty. 3. Firmness of mind ; undoubting steadiness ;
intrepidity. 4. Excess of boldness ; impudence. 5.
Freedom from excessive modesty, timidity, or bashful-
ness ; laudable confidence. 6. Insurance ; a contract to
make good a loss. [Sse Insurance.] 7. Any writing or
legal evidence of the conveyance of property. 8. Con-
viction. — 9. In theoloffy, full confidence of one's interest
in Christ, and of final salvation.
AS-SuRE', (ash-shure') ". t. [Fr. assurer.] ]. To make
certain ; to give confidence by a promise, declaration, or
other evidence. 2. To confirm ; to make certain or se-
cure. 3. To embolden ; to make confident. 4. To make
secure, with of before the object secured. 5. To afliance ;
to betroth. \dbs,] Shak. 6. To insure ; lo covenant to
indemnify for loss. See Insure.
AS-SUR'ED, (ash shurd') iJp. Made certain or confident;
made secure ; insured. I
AST- — ..
AS-SUR'ED, (ash-shur'-ed, or ash-shiird') a. Certain ; indtt-
bitable ; not doubting ; bold to excess.
AS-SuR'ED-LY, (ash-shur'-ed-ly) adv. Certainly ; indubi-
tably.
AS-SuR'ED-NESS, (ash-shur'-ed-ness) n. The state of be-
ing assured ; certainty ; full confidence.
AS-SUR'ER, (ash-shur'-er) n. One who assures ; one who
insures against loss ; an insurer or underwriter.
AS-SUE'6ENT, a. [L. assurgens, assurgo.] Rising up-
wards in an arch Eaton.
AS-SU R'iNG, ppr. Making sure or confident ; giving secu ■
rity ; confirming.
AS-SVVaGE'. See Assuage.
AS'TA-CITE, I n. [Gr. aaraKos and \idos.] Petrified
AS'TA-€0-L1TE, ) or fossil craw-fish, and other crusta-
ceous animals ; called also cancriles, crabites, and gam-
marolites.
AS'TE-ISM, n. [Gr. ao-reiof.] In rhetoric, genteel irony ; a
polite and ingenious manner of deriding another
AS'TER, 71. [Gr. aarijp.] A genus of plants with compound
flowers.
AS-Te'RI-AS, or AS'TER, n. [Gr. aarri^.l Stella marina,
sea-star, or star-fish.
AS-Te'RI-A-TED, a. Radiated ; presenting diverging rays,
like a star. Cleaveland.
AS-Te'RI-A-TITE, n. Petrified asterias.
ASfTER-ISK, n. [Gr. aaTEpicKo<;.] The figure of a star,
thus. *, used in printing and writing.
AS'TER-ISM, 7). [Gr. aaTepicrjioi.] 1. A constellation ; a
sign in the zodiac. 2. An asterisk, or mark of reference.
AS'TE-RITE, or star-stone. See Astrite.
A-STERN', adv. 1. In or at the hinder part of a ship ; or
towards the hinder part, or backwards. 2. Behind a
ship, at any indefinite distance.
AS'TE-ROID, 71, [Gr. aaryp and £1605.] A name given by
Herschel to the newly discovered planets between the
orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
AS-TE-ROID'AL, a. Resembling a star; or pertaining to
the asteroids. Journ. of Science.
AS'TE-RO-PODE, ) n. [Gr. acrnp and irovs, -koSos.] A
AS-TE-RO-Po'DI-UM, \ kind of extraneous fossil. En-
cyc.
t AS-TERT', V. t. To startle. Spenser.
AS-THEN 'I€, (as-ten'ik) a. [Gr. a and cBevog.] Weak ;
characterized by extreme debility.
AS-THE-NOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. a, cdevog, and \oyos.] The
doctrine of diseases arising from debility.
ASTH'MA, (ast'ma) n. [Gr. acBpa.] A shortness of breath ;
intermitting difficulty of breathing, with cough, strait-
ness, and wheezing.
ASTH-MAT'lC, a. Pertaining to asthma ; also, affected by
asthma,
t AS-TIP'U-LATE, for Stipulate.
fAS-TIP-U-LA'TlON, for Stipulation.
t AS-ToNE', or t AS-TON'Y, 7;. t. [See Astonish.] Toter-
rify or astonish. Chaucer.
\ Al-TON'fED I PP' -Astonished. Spenser. Milton.
t AS-TON'IED-NESS, n. The state of being astonished
Barret.
AS-TON'ISH, V. t. [Old Fr. estonner, now itonner ; L. at-
tono.] To stun or strike dumb with sudden fear, terror,
surprise, or wonder ; to amaze ; to confound with some
sudden passion.
AS-TON'ISHED, pp. Amazed ; confounded with fear, sur-
prise, or admiration.
AS-TON'ISH-ING, p2"'' Amazing; confounding with won-
der or fear.
AS-TON'ISII-ING, a. Very wonderful ; of a nature to ex-
cite great admiration or amazement.
AS-TON'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner or degree to ex-
cite amazement. Bp. Fleetwood.
AS-TON'ISII-ING-NESS, 7i. The quality of exciting aston-
ishment.
AS-TON'ISH-MENT, n. Amazement ; confusion of mind
from fear, surprise, or admiration, at on extraordinary or
unexpected event.
AS-TOUND', V. t. To astonish ; to strike dumb with
amazement. [From Old Fr. estonner.]
t AS- TOUND', 7;. i. To shake ; to stun. Thomson.
A-STRAD'DLE, adv. With the legs across a thing, or on
different sides.
AS'TRA-GAL, n. [Gr. acTpayaXo^-'] I. In architecture, a
little round molding, which surrounds the top or bottom of
a column, in the form of a ring. — 2. In gunnery, a round
molding on cannon near the mouth. — 3. In anatomy, the
huckle, ankle, or sling bone ; the upper bone of the foot,
supporting the tibia. Coze. — 4. In botany, the wood-pea ;
the milk vetch; the licorice vetch. ' .
AS'TRAL, a. [L. astrxLm ; Gr. aarrjp.] Belonging to the
stars ; starry. Dryden.
A-STRaY', adv. Out of the right way, or proper place.
* Sec Synopsis. A_ 13. I, o, V, Y, long.— F All, FALL, WH/^T }— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
ASY
59
ATL
AS-TRe'A, 71. [Gr. aarrip.] The goddess of justice. Encyc.
AS-TR1€T', V. t. [L. astrinffo, astrictus.] To bind fast, or
compress. [JVot much used.']
AS-T11I€T', a. Compendious ; contracted. Weever.
AS-TR1€T'ED, pp. Bound fast ; compressed with ban-
dages.
AS-TR1€T ING, ppr. Binding close ; compressing ; con-
traccing.
AS-TR1€'T10N, n. 1. The act of binding close. 2. A
contraction of parts by applications ; the stopping of hem-
orrhages. Coze.
AS-TR]€T'IVE, a. Binding •, compressing ; styptic.
AS-TR[€TO-RY, a. Astringent ; binding ; apt to bind.
A-STRlDE', adv. With the legs open. Hudihras.
AS-TRIF'£R-OUS, a. [L. astrifer.] Bearing or containing
stars. {Little used.]
t AS-TRIG'ER-OUS, a. [Low L. astriger.] Bearing stars.
AS-TRINGE', V. t. [L. astringo.] To compress ; to con-
tract by pressing the parts together.
AS-TRIJNG'ED, (as-trinjd') pp. Compressed ; straitened ;
contracted.
AS-TRING'EN-CY, n. The power of contracting the parts
of the body ; that qnality in medicines which binds, con-
tracts, or strengthens parts which are relaxed.
AS-TRINg'ENT, a. Binding ; contracting ; strengthening ;
opposed to laxative.
AS-TRIA'G'ENT, n. An astringent medicine.
AS-TRIN6'ER, n, A falconer that keeps a goss hawk.
AS-TRING'ING, ppr. Compressing ; binding fast ; con-
tracting.
AS-TRITE , n. [Gr. ttorvp.] An extraneous fossil, called
also asteria and astroit.
AS-TROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. airrrip, or aarpov, and ypacpw.]
A description of the stars, or the science of describing
them.
AS'TROIT, n. 1. Star-stone. [See Astrite.] 2. A species
of petrified madrepore.
AS'TRO-LABE, n. [Gr. aarTtip and Xa^ELV.] 1. An instru-
ment formerly used for taking the altitude of the sun or
stars at sea. 2. A stereographic projection of the sphere.
3. Among the ancients ^ the same as the modern armillary
sphere.
AS-TROL'0-6ER, ) n. [L. astrologus.,\ 1. One who
AS-TRO-Lo'GI-AN, \ professes to foretell future events
by the aspects and situation of the stars. .Bstrologian is
little used. 2. Formerly, one who understood the mo-
tions of the planets without predicting. Raleigh.
it7rlo±o%\%i., I ''■ Pertaining to astrology.
AS-TRO-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of astrology.
AS-TROL 0-GlZE, v. i. To practice astrology.
AS-TROL O-GY, n. A science which leaches to judge of
tlie effects and influences of the stars, and to foretell fu-
ture events, by their situation and different aspects.
AS-TRON'O-MER, n. One who is versed in astronomy.
aItRoInOM'iSaL, i «• Pertaining to astronomy.
AS-TRO-NOM'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an astronomical man-
ner ; by the principles of astronomy.
AS-TRON'O-AliZE, v. u To study astronomy. Brown.
[Little used.]
AS-TRON'0-MY, n. [Gr. aarpov and vof/os.] The science
which teaches the knowledge of the celestial bodies,
their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolu-
tion, aspects, eclipses, order, &c.
ASTRO-SCOPE, n. [Gr. aarpov and (TKo-neu).] An astro-
nomical instrument.
AS'TRO-Se')-PV", 71. Observation of the stars.
AS'TEO-TilE-OL'O-GY, n. [L. astrum and theologia.]
Theology founded on the observation of the celestial
bodies.
A-^'TRUT', adv. In a strutting manner.
i A-aTUN', V. t. To stun.
AS-TuTE', a. [L. astutus.] Shrewd ; sharp ; eagle-eyed ;
critically examining or discerning.
A-SUND'ER, adv. [Sax. asundrian.] Apart ; into parts ;
separately •, in a divided state.
f A-SWOON , adv. In a swoon. Qower.
A-SY'LUM, n. [L.] I. A sanctuary, or place of refuge,
where criminals and debtors shelter themselves from jus-
tice. 2. Any place of retreat and security.
A-SYM'ME-TRAL, ) a. [See Symmetry.] Not having
AS-YM-MET'RT-CAL, \ symmetry. More. [Little used.]
A-SYMME-TRY, 7!. [Gr. a KnA (rvnntrpia.] The want of
proportion between the parts of a thing.
AS YMP-TOTE, n. [Gr. a, gvv, and rrow.] A line which
approaches nearer and nearer to some curve, but, though
infinitely extended, would never meet it.
AS-YMP-TOT'I-€AL, a. Belonging to an asymptote.
A-SYN'DE-TOIN, n. [Gr. a and o-ui/(5£w.] In grammar, a
figure which omits the connective ; as, veni, vidi, vici.
Campbell.
AT, prep. [ <ax mt ; Goth, at.] In general, at denotes near-
ness or presence ; as, at the ninth hour, at the house , but
it is less definite than in or on , at the house, may be in
or near the house. It denotes, also, totvards, versus ; as,
to aim an arrow at a mark. From this original import
are derived all the various uses of at. At the sight, is
witli, present, ^r coming the sight ; at this news, present
the news, on or with the approach or arrival of this news.
At peace, at war, in a state of peace or war, peace or
war existing, being present ; at ease, at play, at a loss,
&c., convey the like idea.
AT A-B AL, n. [Sp.] A kettle drum ; a kind of tabor
A-TA€'A-MITE, n. A muriate of copper.
AT'A-GAS, n. The red cock or moor-game.
AT-A-MAS'€0, n. A species of lily of the genus ama'
ryllis.
AT'A-RAX-Y, n. [Gr. aTapa')(os.] Calmness of mind ; a
term used by the Stoics.
A-TAX'Y, n. [Gr. a and ra^ti-] Want of order } disturb
ance ; irregularity in the functions of the body.
ATCHE, 7!. In Turkey, a small silver coin, value about
six or ?even mills.
ATE, the preterit oteat, which see.
a'TE, (a'-ty) 71. [Gr. art].] In pagan mythology, the god-
dess of mischief.
A-TEL'LAN, a. Relating to the dramas at Atella.
A-TEL'LAN, n. A dramatic representation, satirical or li-
centious. Shaftes^mry.
A TEMP'O GI-US'TO. [It.] A direction in music, which
signifies to sing of play in an equal, true, or just time.
ATH-A-Na'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Athanasius or hia
creed.
ATH-A-Na'SIAN, n. He who espoused the doctrine of
Athanasius. Waterland.
ATH'A-NOR, n. A digesting furnace, formerly used in
_ chemical operations,
A'THE-ISM, n. The disbelief of the existence of a God, or
supreme intelligent Being.
A'THE-IST, 71. [Gr. ab^og.] One who disbelieves the ex-
_ istence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being.
A'THE-IST, a. Atheistical ; disbelieving or denying the
being of a supreme God.
A-TIlE-ISTie, I a. 1. Pertaining to atheism. 2. Dis-
A-THE-1ST'I-€AL, \ believing the existence of a God :
impious. 3. Implying or containing atheism.
A-THE-IST'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an atheistic manner; im-
piously. -
A-THE-IST'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being athe-
istical. _
t a'THE-iZE, v. i. To discourse as an atheist.
A-THEL, A-DEL, or ^-THEL, noble, of illustrious birth.
Sax. cnde.l, (sthel ; G. adel ; as in Atheling, a noble
youth ; Ethelred, noble counsel.
ATH-E-Ne'UM, n. A reading-room.
A-THe'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of
Attica, in Greece.
A-THe'NI-AN, 71. A native or inhabitant of Athens.
ATH-E-0-Lo'GI-AN,?i. One who is opposed to a theologian.
T ATH-E-OL'0-GY, n. Atheism. Swift.
t A'THE-OUS, a. Atheistic •, impious. Milton.
ATH'E-RINE, or ATII-E-RI'NA, n. A genus of fishes of
the abdominal order.
ATH-B-RO'MA, or ATH'E-ROJME, n. [Gr. from aQr,pa.'\
An encj^sted tumor.
ATH-E-ROM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to or resembling an
atherome. Wiseman.
A-THiRST', a. I. Thirsty ; wanting drink. 2. Having a
keen appetite or desire.
ATH'LeTE, n. A contender for victory.
ATH-LET'I€, a. [Gr. aO\nTri?.] 1. Belonging to wres-
tling, boxing, running, and other exercises. 2. Strong ,
lusty ; robust ; vigorous.
A-THWART', prep. 1. Across ; from side to side ; trans-
verse.— 2. In marine language, across the line of a ship's
course ; as, a fleet standing athwart our course. Mar
Diet.
A-THWART', adv. In a manner to cross and perplex ,
crossly 5 wrong; wrongfully.
A-TILT', adv. 1. In the manner of a tilter ; in the posi-
tion, or with the action, of a man making a thrust. 2. In
the manner of a cask tilted, or with one end raised.
AT'I-MY, n. [Gr. arijxia.] In ancient Greece, disgrace ;
exclusion from office or magistracy, by some disqualify-
ing act or decree.
AT-LAr^'TI-AN, or AT-LAN-TE'AN, a. 1. Pertaining to
the isle Atlantis, which the ancients alledge was sunk
and overwhelmed by the ocean. 2. Pertaining to Atlas ;
resembling Atlas.
AT-LAN'Tl€, a [from Atlas or Atlantis ] Pertaining to
the Atlantic ocean.
AT-LAN'Tie, u The ocean, or that part of the ocean,
which is between Europe and Africa on the east and
America on the west.
♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
ATT
60
ATT
AT-LAN'Tr-€A, or AT-LAN'TfS, n. An isle mentioned
by the an'>,ients, situated west of Gades, or Cadiz, on the
strait of Gibraltar.
AT-LAN'Ti-DES, n. A name given to tlie Pleiades or seven
stars,
AT-LAN'TIS, n. A fictitious piiilosopliical commonwealth
of Lord Bacon, or the piece describing it.
AT LAS, n. J. A collection of maps in a volume ; supposed
to be so called from a picture of mount Atlas, supporting
the heavens, prefixed to some collection. Johnson. 2. A
large, square folio, leserabling a volume of maps. 3. The
supporters of a building. 4. A silk satin, or stuff, manu-
factured in the East. 5. The first veitebre of the neck.
6 A term iipplied to paper, as atlas fine.
AT-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ar/ioj and yiCTpew.\ An instru-
ment to measure the quantity of exhalation from a humid
surface in a given time ; an evaporometer.
AT'MOS-PHERE, n. [Gr. arfiog and acpai^a.] The whole
mass of fluid, consisting of air, aqueous and other vapors,
surrounding the earth.
AT-MOS-FHER'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to the atmosphere,
AT-M0S-PHER'1-€AL, \ 2. Dependent on the atmosphere.
AT'OM, n. [Gr. aroixos , L. atomiis.] 1. A particle of mat-
ter so minute as to admit of no division. 2. The ultimate
or smallest component part of a body. 3. Any thing ex-
tremely small.
A-TOiM'£€, I a. Pertaining to atoms ; consisting of
A-TOM't-€AL, \ atoms ; extremely mhiute.
AT'OM-ISM, n. The doctrine of atoms.
AT'OM-IST, 7/,. One who holds to the atomical philosophy,
AT'OM-LIKE, a. Resembling atoms. Browne.
AT'O-MY, n. A word used by Shakspeare for atom ; also an
abbreviation oi anatomy.
AT-OiVE', ado. [at and one.'] At one ; together. Spenser.
A-ToNE', V. i. [supposed to be compounded of ai and one.]
1. To agree ; to be in accordance ; to accord. [This sense
is obsolete.] 2. To stand as an equivalent ; to make rep-
aration, amends or satisfaction for an offense or a crime.
3. To atone for, to make conrpensation or amends.
A-ToNE', V. t. 1. To expiate ; to answer or make satisfac-
tion for. Pope. 2. To reduce to concord ; to appease.
[Jyot now iLsed.]
A-ToN'ED, (a-tond') ;;p. Expiated; appeased; reconciled.
A-ToNE'MENT, n. 1. Agreement; concord; reconcilia-
tion after enmity or controversy. Rom.Y. 2. Expiation;
satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent
for an injury, — 3, In theology, the expiation of sin made
by the obedience and personal sufferings of Christ,
A-ToN'ER, ?t. He who makes atonement.
A-TON'ie, a. Relaxed; debilitated,
A-ToN'ING, ppr. 1. Reconciling. 2. Making amends, or
satisfaction.
AT 0-NY, n. [Gr. arovia.] Debility ; relaxation ; a want
of tone or tension ; defect of muscular power ; palsy.
A-TOP', adv. On or at the top. Milton.
AT-RA-BI-La'RI-AN, ( a. [L, atra bills.] Affected with
AT RA-BI-La'RI-OUS, \ melancholy, which the ancients
attributed to the bile ; replete with black bile,
AT-RA-Bl-LA'Rl-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being melan-
choly, or affected with disordered bile,
AT-RA-MENT'AL, ) a. [L, atramentum.] Inky ; black
AT-RA-MENT'OUS, \ like ink,
AT-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. Like ink ; suitable for mak-
ing ink.
t A'TRED, a. [L. ater.] Tinged with a black color.
A-TRfP', adv. In nautical language, the anchor is atrip,
when drawn out of the ground in a perpendicular direc-
tion^
A-TRo'CIOUS, a. [L. atrox.] 1. Extremely heinous, crim-
inal or cru€l ; enormous ; outrageous, 2. Very griev-
ous ;^ violent. Obs.
A-TRo'CIOUS-LY, adv. In an atrocious manner ; with
enormous cruelty or guilt.
A-TRo'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being enormously
criminal or cruel.
A-TROC'I-TY, n. Enormous wickedness ; extreme hein-
ousness or cruelty.
ATRO-PHY, n. [Gr. a and rpecfxi) ] A consumption or
wasting of the fiesh, with loss of strength, without any
sensible cause or hectic fever; a wasting from defect of
nourisjhment.
A-TRo'Pl-A, n. A vegetable alkali extracted from the
atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade.
AT-TACH', V. t. [Fr, attacker.] 1. To take by legal au-
thority ; to arrest the person by writ, to answer for a
debt, 2. To take, seize and lay hold on, by moral force,
as by affection or interest ; to win the heart ; to fasten or
bind by moral influence, 3, To make to adhere ; to tie,
bind or fasten.
AT-TACH'A-BLE, a. That may be legally attached ; lia-
ble to be taken by writ or precept,
AT-TACH'ED, (at-tachf) pp. Taken by writ or precept ;
drawn to and fixed, or united by affection or interest.
AT-TACH'ING, ppr. Taking or seizing by commandment
or writ ; drawing to, and fixing by influence ; winning
the affections.
AT-TACH'MENT, n. L A taking of the person, goods cr
estate by a writ or precept in a civil action, to secure a
debt or demand, 2, A writ directing the person or estate
of a person to be taken, to secure his appearance before a
court. 3. Close adherence or affection ; fidelity ; regard ;
any passion or affection that binds a person.
AT-tA€K , V. t. [Fr. attaquer.] 1. To assault ; to fall upon
with force ; to assail, as with force and arms. 2. To fall
upon with unfriendly words or writing ; to begin a con-
troversy with.
AT-TACK', n. An onset ; first invasion ; a falling on, with
force or violence, or with calumny, satire or criticism.
AT-TA€K'ED, (at-takf) pp. Assaulted ; invaded ; faUen
on by force or enmity.
AT-TACK'ER, n. One who assaults or invades.
AT-TA€K'ING, ppr. Assaulting ; invading ; falling on
with force, calumny or criticism.
AT-TA-€OT'TI€, a. Pertaining to the Attacotti, a tribe of
ancient Britons, allies of the Scots.
AT'TA-GEN, 7i. A beautiful fowl, resembling the pheas-
ant.
AT-TaIN', v. i. [Fr. and Norm, atteindre.] 1. To reach ;
to come to or arrive at. 2. To reach ; to come to or ar-
rive ^t, by an effort of mind.
AT-TaIN', v. t. 1. To gain ; to compass ; to achieve or ac
complish, that is, to reach by efforts, 2, To reach or come
to a place or object by progression or motion. 3. To reach
in excellence or degree ; to equal.
t AT-TaIN', 7t. Attainment. Olanville.
AT-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be attained ; that may be
reached.
AT-TaIN'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being attain-
able.
AT-TaIN'DER, 77. [Norm. Fr, atteindre.] 1. Literally, a
staining, corruption, or rendering impure ; a corruption
of blood, 2. The judgment of death, or sentence of a
competent tribunal upon a person convicted of treason or
felony, which judgment attaints, taints or corrupts his
blood, so that he can no longer inherit lands. 3. The act
of attainting.
AT-TaIN'MENT, n. 1. The act of attaining ; the act of ar-
riving at or reaching. 2. That which is attained to, or
obtained by exertion ; acquisition,
AT-TaINT', v. t. I. To tahit or corrupt ; to extinguish the
pure or inheritable blood of a person found guilty of trea-
son or felony. 2. To taint, as the credit of jurors, con-
victed of giving a false verdict. 3. To disgrace ; to stain
4, To taint or corrupt, Shak.
AT-TaINT', (at-tantO n. 1. A stain, snot or taint. Shak.
2. Any thing injurious ; that which impairs. [Obs.] Shak.
3. A blow or wound on the hinder feet of a horse. 4. A
writ which lies after judgment against a jury for giving a
false verdict in any court of record.
fAT-TAINT', part. a. Convicted.
AT-TaINT'ED, pp. Stained ; corrupted ; rendered infa^
mous ; rendered incapable of inheriting.
AT-TaINT'ING, ppr. Staining ; corrupting ; rendering in-
famous by judicial act ; depriving of inheritable blood.
AT-TaINT'MENT, n. The being attainted.
AT-TaINT'URE, n. A staining or rendering infamous ;
reproach ; imputation.
t AT-TAM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L, attamino.] To corrupt.
t AT-TASK', V. t. To task ; to tax. Shak.
t AT-TaSTE', v. t. To taste.
AT-TEM'PER, v. t. [L, attempero.] 1. To reduce, modify
or moderate by mixture, 2, To soften, mollify or moder-
ate, 3, To mix in just proportion ; to regulate. 4. To
accommodate ; to fit or make suitable.
t AT-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. Temperance. Chaucer.
AT-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. attemperatus.] Tempered ;
proportioned ; suited.
t AT-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. To attemper.
AT-TEM'PERED, pp. Reduced in quality ; moderated :
softened ; well mixed ; suited,
AT-TEM'PER-ING, j9;)r. Moderating in quality ; softening ;
mixing in due proportion ; making suitable,
t AT-TEM'PER-LY, adv. In a temperate manner.
AT-TEMTER-MENT, 7i. A tempering or proportioning
Dr. Chalmers.
AT-TEMPT', V. t. [Fr. attenter.] 1. To make an effort to
effect some object ; to make trial or experiment ; to try ,
to endeavor ; to use exertion for any purpose. 2. To at-
tack ; to make an effort upon.
AT-TEMPT', n. An essay, trial or endeavor; an attack;
or an effort to gain a point.
AT-TEMPT' A-BLE, a. That may be attempted, tried or
attacked ; liable to an attempt.
AT-TEMPT'ED, pp. Essayed ; tried ; attacked.
AT-TEMPT'ER, n. One who attempts, or attacks.
AT-TEMPT'ING, ppr. Trying ; essaying ; making an ef-
fort to gain a point ; attacking.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
ATT
63
ATT
AT-TEND', V. t. [L. attendo ; Fr. attendre.] 1. Togo with,
or accompany, as a companion, minister or servant. 2. To
be present ; to accompany or be united to. 3. To be con-
sequent to, from connection of cause, 4. To await ; to
remain, abide or be in store for. 5. To wait for ; to lie in
wait. 6. To wait or stay for. 7. To accompany with
solicitude ; to regard. 8. To regard ; to fix the mind
upon. 9. To expect. [JVot in use.] Raleigh.
AT-TEND', V. i. 1. To listen ; to regard with attention ; fol-
lowed by to. 2. To fix the attention upon, as an object
of pursuit ; to he busy or engaged in. 3. To wait on ; to
accompany or be present, in pursuance of duty ; with 07i
or upon. 4. To wait on, in service or worship ; to serve,
(j. To stay ; to delay. Obs. 7. To wait ; to be within
call. Spenser.
AT-TEND'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of waiting on, or
serving. 2. A waiting on ; a being present on business
of any kind. 3. Service ; ministry. 4. The persons at-
tending 5 a train ; a retinue. 5. Attention ; regard ; care-
ful application of mind. 6. Expectation. [Obs.] Hooker.
AT-TEND' ANT, a. 1. Accompanying ; being present, or in
the train. 2. Accompanying, connected with, or imme-
diately following, as consequential. — 3. In law, depending
on or owing service to.
AT-TEND' ANT, n. 1. One who attends or accompanies •,
one who belongs to the train. 2. One who is present. 3. One
who owes service to or depends on another. 4. That
which accompanies or is consequent to.
AT-TEND'ED, pp. Accompanied ; having attendants ;
served ; waited on.
AT-TEND'ER, n. One who attends ; a companion ; an as-
sociate. [Little used.]
AT-TEND'ING, ppr. Going with ; accompanying ; wait-
ing on ; being present ; serving ; listening.
t AT-TEND'ING-LY, adv. With attention. Oley.
AT-TENT', a. Attentive. 2 Chron. vi.
AT-TENT'ATES, n. Proceedings in a coiul; of judicature,
after an inhibition is decreed.
AT-TEN'TION, n. 1. The act of attending or heeding.
2. Act of civility, or courtesy.
AT-TENT'IVE, a. [Fr. attentif.] Heedful ; intent ; ob-
servant ; regarding with care.
AT-TENT'lVE-LY, adv. Heedfully ; carefully ; with fixed
attention.
AT-TENT'IVE-NESS, n. The state of being attentive ;
heedfulness ; attention.
AT-TEN'U-ANT, a. Making thin, as fluids ; diluting ;
rendering less dense and viscid.
AT-TEN'U-ANT, n. A medicine which thins the humors,
subtilizes their parts, dissolves viscidity, and disposes the
fluids to motion, circulation and secretion ; a diluent.
AT-TEN'U-ATE, v. t. [L. attenuo.] 1. To make thin or
less consistent ; to subtilize or break the humors of the
body into finer parts ; to render less viscid. 2. To com-
minute ; to break or wear solid substances into finer or
very minute parts. 3. To make slender ; to reduce in
AT-TEN'U-ATE, a. Made thin, or less viscid ; made slender.
AT-TEN'U-A-TED, pp. Made thin or less viscid ; commi-
nuted ; made slender. — In botany, growing slender to-
wards the point.
AT-TEN'U-A-TING, ppr. Making thin, as fluids ; making
fine, as solid substances ; making slender or lean.
AT-TEN-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin, as
fluids. 2. The act of making fine, by comminution or
attrition. 3. The act or process of making slender, thin
or lean.
AT'TER, 71. [Sax. ater.] Corrupt matter. Skinner.
AT'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. attero.] 1. To wear away. 2. To
form or accumulate by wearing.
AT'TER-A-TED, pp. Formed by wearing. Ray.
AT-TER-A'TION, n. The operation of forming land by the
wearing of the sea, and the wer.ring of the earth in one
place and deposition of it in anailier.
AT'TER-lop' i "• ^ spider. Jforth of England.
AT-TEST', v.^t. [Fr. attester; h. attestor.] 1. To bear wit-
ness to ; to certify ; to affirm to be true or genuine ; to
make a solemn declaration. 2. To bear witness, or support
the truth of a fact, by other evidence than words. 3. To
call to witness ; to invoke as conscious.
AT-TEST', 7!. Witness ; testimony ; attestation. [L. u.]
AT-TES-Ta'TIOxN, n. Testimony ; witness ; a solenm or
oflicial declaration.
AT-TEST'ED, pp. Proved or supported by testimony, sol-
emn or official ; witnessed ; supported by evidence.
AT-TEST'ING, ppr. Witnessing •, cailmg to witness ; af-
firming in support of.
AT-TEST'OR, n. One who attests.
AT'Tie, a. [L. Atticus; Gr. Kttiko?.] Pertaining to Attica
in Greece, or to its principal city, Athens. Thus, .^ttic
v/it, Attic salt, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the
Athenians.— ^Mic story, a story in the upper part of a
house, where the windows are usually square.
AT'T1€, n. 1. A small square pillar with its cornice on the
uppermost part of a building. 2. An Athenian j an Athe-
nian author.
AT'Tl €AL, a. [L. atticus.] Relating to the style of Athens ;
pure ; classical. Hammond.
AT'TI-CISM, n. 1. The peculiar style and idiom of the Greek
language, used by the Athenians ; refined and elegant
Greek. 2. A particular attachment to tlie Athenians.
jyiitfor([.
AT'TI-CiZE, V. t. To conform or make conformable to the
language or idiom of Attica.
AT'Tl-CiZE, V. i. To use Atticisms, or the idiom of the
Athenians.
AT'TI€S, n. plu. The title of a book in Pausanias, which
treats of Attica.
AT-TfNGE', u. t. [L. attingo.] To touch lightly Diet.
AT-TlRE', V. t. [Norm, attyrer.] To dress ; to array ; to
adorn with elegant or splendid garments.
AT-TlRE', 7t. 1. Dress ; clothes ; habit ; but appropriately^
ornamental dress. 2. The horns of a deer. — 3. In botany,
the generative parts of plants.
AT-TIR'ED, (at-tird') pp. Dressed ; decked with onia-
meivts or attire.
Al'-TlR'ER, n. One who dresses or adorns with attire.
AT-TlRTNG, ppr. Dressing 5 adorning with dress or attire.
t AT-TI'TLE, V. t. To entitle. Oower.
AT'Tl-TUDE. ?!. [Fr. attitude.] 1. In painting and sculp-
ture, the posture or action in which a figure or statue is
placed. 2. Posture ; position of things or persons.
AT-TOL'LENT, a. [L. attollens.] Lifting up; raising.
Derham.
AT-TOL'LENT, n. A muscle which raises some part, as
tlie ear, the tip of the nose, or the upper eye-lid ; other-
wise called levator or elevator.
AT-ToNE'. See Atone.
AT-T6RN', V. i. [L. ad and torno.] In the feudal law, to
turn, or transfer homage and service from one lord to an-
other.
AT-ToRN'EY, n. ; plu. Attorneys. [Norm, attournon.]
One who is appointed or admitted, in the place of another,
to manage his matters in law. The word formerly signified
any person who did any business for another. Attorney-
fencral is an officer appointed to manage business for the
ing, the state or public ; and his duiy, in particular, is to
prosecute persons guilty of crimes.
t AT-T6RN'EY, v. t. To perform by proxy ; to employ as
a proxy. Shak.
AT-T6RN'EY-SHIP, n. The oflice of an attorney ; agency
for another. Shak.
AT-ToRN'ING, ppr. Acknowledging a new lord, or trans-
ferring homage and fealiy to the purchaser of an estate.
AT-T6RN'MENT, n. The act of a feudatory vassal or ten-
ant, by which he consents to receive a new lord or supe-
rior.
AT-TRA€T', v. t. [L. attraho, attractus.] To draw to ; to
cause to move towards, and unite with ; to invite or al
lure ; to engage.
t AT-TRACT', 71. Attraction. Hudibras.
AT-TRA€T-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being attracta-
ble. Asiat. Researches.
AT-TRACT' A-BLE, a. That may be attracted ; subject to
attraction.
AT-TRACT'ED, pp. Drawn towards ; invited ; allured j
engaged.
+ AT-TRACT'IC )
t AT-TRACT'I-CAL 1 "" ^^^^'"g powex to draw to. Ray.
AT-TRA€T'ILE, a. That has power to attract. Med. Rep.
AT-TRACT'ING, ppr. Drawing to or towards ; inviting ;
alluring ; engaging.
AT -TRACT' ING-LY, adv. In an attracting manner.
AT-TR ACTION, n. 1. The power in bodies which is sup-
posed to draw them together. 2 The act of attracting ;
the effect of the principle of attraction. 3. Tlie power or
act of alluring, drawing to, inviting or engaging.
AT-TRACT'IVE, a. [Fr. attractif.] 1. Having the ruality
of attracting ; drawing to. 2. Drawing to by moral in
fluence •, alluring ; inviting ; engaging.
AT-TRACT'lVE-LY, adv. With the power of attracting,
or drawing to.
AT-TRACT'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being attractive,
or engaging.
AT-TRACT'OR, n. The person or thing that attracts.
*AT-TRa'IIENT, a. [L. attrahens.] Drawing to ; or, as a
noun, that which draws to. Olanville.
t AT-TRAP', v. t. To clothe •, to dre-'s.
AT-TRP:€-Ta'TION, n. [L. attrectatio.] Frequent hand-
ling. Diet.
AT-TRIB'U-T A-BLE, a. That may be ascribed, imputed
or attributed ; ascribable ; imputable.
AT-TRIB'UTE, -w. t. [1.. attribuo.] 1. To allot or attach, in
contemplation ; to ascribe ; to consider as belonging. 2. 'Lo
give as due : to yield as an act of the mind. 3 To iiQ'
pute, as to a'cause.
AT'TRI-BUTE, n. 1. That which is attributed ; that which
* See Synopsis MOVE BOOK , D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH asSH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
AUD
Is considered as belonging to, or inherent in. 2. Quality ;
characteristic disposition. 3. A tiling bekmging to an-
other ; an appendant. 4. Reputation ; honor. Shak.
AT-TRIB'U-TED,i>;». Ascribed ; yielded as due ; imputed.
AT-TRIB'U TING, ppr. Ascribhig ; yielding or giving as
due ; imputing.
AT-TRI-BU'TION, n. The act of attributing, or the quality
ascribed ; commendation.
AT-TRIB'U-TIVE, a. Pertaining to or expressing an attri-
b'lte,
AT-TRlB'U-TlVE, n. In grammar, a word significant of
an attribute ; as an adjective, verb or particle.
AT-TRiTE', a. [L. attritus.] Worn by rubbing or friction.
Milton. See Trite.
AT-TRITE'NESS, n. The being much worn.
AT-TRi"T10i\, n. 1. Abrasion ; the act of wearing by fric-
tioTi, or i-iibbing substances together. 2. The state of be-
ing worn. 3. With divined, grief for sin arising from fear
of punishment ; the low est desree of repentance. Wallis.
AT-TUNL', V. t. 1. To make musical. 2. To tune, or put
in tune ; to adjust one sound to another ; to make accord-
ant. _
AT-TuN'ED, (at-tund') pp. Made musical or harmonious ;
accommodated in sound.
AT-TuN'ING, ppr. Putting in tune ; making musical, or
accordant in sound.
f A-TW AlN', adtj. In twain ; asunder. Shak.
t A-TWEEN', adv. Between. Spenser.
t A-TWIXT', adv. Betwixt. Spenser.
t A-TW&, adv. In two. Chaucer.
AU-BaINE', (au-bane') n. [Fr. aubain.] The droit d'au-
" bailie, in France, is the right of tiie king to the goods of
an alien dying within his jurisdiction.
AU'BURN, a. [from brun, bruno, Fr. and It., brown.]
" Brown ; of a dark color.
AUOTiOiV, n. [L. auctio.] 1. A public sale of property to
the highest bidder, and, regularly, by a person licensed
and authorized for the purpose ; a vendue. 2. The thing
sold ai auction. Pope.
t A 1J€'T10N, V. t. To sell by auction.
Al €'T10N-A-RY, a. Belonging to an aaction or public sale.
Dryden.
AUe-TlON-EER', n. [L. auctionarius.] The person who
"sells at auction.
AU€-TrON-EERi, v. t. To sell at auction. Cowper.
t AU€'TIVE, a. Of an increasing quality. Diet.
AU-eU-PA'TlON, n. [L. aucupatio.] The act or practice
" of taking birds ; fowling ; bird-catching. [Little used.]
AU-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. audax ; Fr. aiidacieux.] 1. Very
'" bold or daring ; impudent. 2. Committed with, or pro-
ceeding from, daring effrontery. 3. Bold ; spirited.
AU-Da'CIOUS-LY, adv. In an impudent manner ; with
' excess of boldness. Shak.
AU-Da'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being audacious ;
"impudence-, audacity. Sandys.
AU-DA(J'I-TY, n. 1. "Boldness, sometimes in a good sense ;
" daring spirit, resolution or confidence. 2. Audaciousness ;
impudence ; ni a bad sense ; implying a contempt of law
or moral restraint.
AUD'E-AN-ISM, n. Anthropomorphism ; or the doctrine of
" Audeus.
AUD'I-BLE, a. [L. audibilis.] That may be heard; per-
'" ceivable by the ear ; loud enough to be heard.
t AUD'I-BLE, n. The object of hearing. Did.
AUB'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being audible.
AUD'I-BLY, adv. In an audible manner ; in a manner so as
'" to be heard.
AUD'1-ENCE, n. I. The act of hearing, or attending to
" sounds. 2. Admittance to a hearing ; public reception to
an interview. 3. An auditory ; an assembly of hearers.
— 4. In the Spanish dominions, a court. 5. In England, a
court held by the archbishop of Canterbury, on the subject
of consecrations, elections, institutions, marriages, &c.
AUD'I-ENCE-CHaM'BER, n. The place of reception for a
solemn meeting. Translation of Boccalini.
ALJIH-ENCE-€oURT, n. A court belonging to the arch-
" bishop of Canterbury, of eq\ial authority with the arches
court, though inferior both in dignitv and antiquity.
t AUDT-ENT, )!. A hearer. Shelton.
AUD'IT, ?(. [L. audit.] 1. An examination of an account,
or of accounts, with a hearing of the parties concerned.
2. The result of such an examination ; a final account.
AUD'iT, V. t. To examine and adjust an account or ac-
counts.
\ AUD' IT, V. i. To sum up. Arbuthnot.
AUD'TT-HOUSE, n. An appendage to a cathedral.
^ AUn-i"TrON, n. IJearing.
A'UDT-TIVE, a. Having the power of hearmg.
AUDT-TOR, 71. [L.] 1. a hearer ; one who attends to hear
" f» discourse. 2. A person appointed and authorized to ex-
amine an account or accounts.
AUD'1-TOR-SHIP, 7!. The office of auditor.
/iUD'I-TO-RY, a. That has the power of hearing ; pertain-
ing to the sense or organs of hearing.
\ AUR
AUD'I-TO RY, n. [L. auditorium.'] 1. An audience ; an
assembly of hearers. 2. A place or apartment where dis-
courses are delivered. 3. A bench tn which a judge sita
to hear causes.
AUD'l-TRESS, n A female hearer. Miltor
AUF, 71. A fool ; a shnpleton. See Oaf.
AU-6E'AN, a. Belonging to j3ifo-ea5 ,• as, the ^Mo-ean stable
AUG'ER, n. [D. avegaar.] An instrument tor boring large
holes.
AUG'ER-HOLE, n. A hole made by an auger.
AUGHT, (awt) n. [Sax. awiht^ aht, or owiht, ohwit, oht.]
1. Any thing, indefinitely. 2. Any part, the smallest ; a
jot or tittle.
AU'GlTE, n. [Gr. avyrj.] A mineral, called by HaUy, pyroz-
ene ; often found in distinct crystals.
AU-6lT'ie, a. Pertaining to augite -, resembling augite.
AUG-MENT', V. t. [Fr. augmenter.] 1. To increase ; to
enlarge in size or extent ; to swell ; to make bigger. 2.
To increase or swell the degree, amount or magnitude.
AUG-MENT', V. i. To increase ; to grow larger.
AUG'MENT, 7). 1. Increase •, enlargement by addition
state of increase.— 2. In philology, a syllable prefixed to a
word ; or an increase of the quantity of the initial vowel.
AUG-MENT'A-BLE, a. That may be increased ; capable
of augmentation. WalsWs Jimer. Rev.
AUG-MENT-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of increasing, or mak
ing larger. 2. The state of being increased or enlarged
3. The thing added by which a thing is enlarged. — 4. In
music, a doubling the value of the notes of the subject of
a fugue or canon.
AUG-MExNT'A-TiVE, a. Having the quality or power of
augmenting.
AUG-MENT'ER, n. He that augments.
AUG-MENT'ING, ;>;?r. Increasing ; enlarging.
AU'GRE. See Auger.
AU GRE-HOLE, n. A hole made by an augre. Shak.
AU'GUR, n. [L. augur.] 1. Among the Romans, an ofiice
whose duty was to foretell future events by the singing
chattering, flight, and feeding of birds. 2. One who pre
tends to foretell future events by omens.
AU'GUR, V. i. To guess ; to conjecture by signs or omens ;
to prognosticate.
AU'GUR, V. t. To predict or foretell ; as, to augur ill suc-
" cess.
AU'GU-RAL, a. [L. auguralis.] Pertaining to an augur, or
to prediction by the appearance of birds.
AU'GU-RATE, v. i. To judge by augury ; to predict. War-
burton. [Little used.]
AU-GU-Ra'TION, n. "The practice of augury, or the fore-
'" telling of events by the chattering and flight of birds.
AUGURED, pp. Conjectured by omens ; prognosticated
AU'GU-RER, 7?. An augur. Shak. [JVot legitimate.]
AU-Gu'RI-AL, a. Relating to augurs. Brown.
f AU'GU-RlZE, V. t. To augur.
AU'GUR-OUS, a. Predicting ; foretelling ; foreboding.
AU'GU-RY, 71. [L. augurium.] 1. The art or practice of
" foretelling events by the flight or chattering of birds. 2
An omen •, prediction ; prognostication.
AU-GUST', a. [L. uugustus.] Grand ; magnificent ; ma-
'" jestic ; impressing awe •, inspiring reverence.
AU'GUST, n. Th^ eighth month of the year, named in
" honor of the emperor Octavius Augustus.
AU-GUST'AN, a. 1, Pertaining to Augustus ; as, the Au~
" gustan age. 2. The Augustan confession, drawn up at
Augusta or Augsburg, by Luther and Melancthon, in
1530, contains the principles of the Protestants.
AU-GUS-TIN'I-AN.«, n. Those divines, who, from St. Au
'" gustin, maintain that grace is eflfectual from its nature.
AU-GUST'INS, or AU-GUS-TIN'I-ANS, n. An order of
monks, so called from St. Augustin.
AU-GUSTNESS, n. Dignity of mien ; grandeur ; magnifi-
"cence.
AUK, 71. [contracted from alca ] A genus of aquatic fowls,
" of the order of ansers.
AUK'WARD. See Awkward.
AU-La'RI-AN, 71. [L. aula.] At Oxford, the member of a
" hall, distinguished from a collegian. Todd.
t AULD, a. [Sax. aid.] Old. Shak.
AU-LET'IC, a. [Gr. av'kriTiKos.] Pertaining to pipes, or to a
'" pipe. [Little used.]
AU'LIC, a. [L. auliciis.] Pertaining to a royal court, proba-
" bly confined to the German empire.
AULN, n. [Fr. aulne.] A French measure of length ; an ell.
f AU-MaIL', v. t. [Fr. email.] To figure or variegaie.
AUM'BRY. See Ambry.
AUME, 7!. A Dutch measure for Rhenish wine.
AUNE, 71. [a contraction of aulne, ulna.] A French cloth
"measure.
AUNT, (ant) n. [L. amita ; qu. Fr. tante.] The sister of
one's father or mother, conelative to nephew or niece.
t AUN'TER, 71. Old word for adventure.
AU'RA, n. [L.] Literally, a breeze, or gentle current of
" air, but used by English writers for a stream of fine parti-
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, Cf, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j—PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
AUT
63
AUT
cles flowing from a body, as effluvia, aroma, or odor ; an
exhalation.
A U 'RATE, n. A sort of pear.
All KATE, n. [L. aurtim.] A combination of tlie oxyd of
"gold with a base.
AU'PtA-TED, a. Resembling gold.
t'AU'RE-AT, a. [L. auratus.] Golden. Shelton.
AtJ-RE'Li-A, n. in natural history, the nymph or chrysalis
'" of an insect.
AU-Rk'LI-AN, a. Like or pertaining to the aurelia.
AU'RI€, a. [from awum.] Pertaming to gold.
^U'RI-€LE, n. [L. auricula.] 1. The external ear, or that
part which is prominent from the liead. 2. The auricles
of the heart are two muscular bags, situated at the base,
serving as diverticula for the blood, during the diastole.
AU-RI€'U-LA, n. A species of primrose, called, from the
' shape of its leaves, beards ear.
AU-RI€'U-LAR, a. [L. auricula.] 1. Pertaining to the
'ear; within the sense of hearing; told in the ear. 2.
Recognized by the ear ; known by the sense of hearing.
3. Traditional ; known by report.
AU-RI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. In a secret manner ; by way of
" whisper, or voice addressed to the ear.
AU-R1€'U-LATE, o Shaped like the ear. Botany.
AU-Rie'U-LA-TED a. Having large or elongated ears.
AU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. aurifer.] That yields or produces
"gold^
^U-Rl'GA, n. [L. aurea, orea, and rego.] 1. Literally, the
" director of a car, or wagon. — In astronomy, the Wagoner,
a constellation in the northern hemisphere. 2. The fourth
lobe of the liver ; also a bandage for the sides.
AU-RI-Ga'TION, n. [L. aurig-a.] The act or practice of
'" driving horses harnessed to carriages.
AU-RI-PIG-MEN'TUM. .See Okpiment.
AU'RI-S€ALP, n. [L. auris and scalpo.] An instrument to
" clean the ears.
AU'RIST, n. [L. auris.] One skilled in disorders of the
"ear, or who professes to cure them.
AU'IIOCHS, n. [G. urochs.] A species of ox, whose bones
" are found in gravel and alluvial soil. Jour, of Science.
AU-Ro'RA, n. [L. aurora.] 1. The rising light of the
" morning ; the dawn of day, or morning twilight. 2. The
goddess of the morning, or twilight deified by fancy. 3.
A species of crowfoot.
Aurora borealis, or lumen boreale ; northern twilight. This
species of light usually appears in streams, ascending to-
wards the zenith from a dusky line a few degrees above
the horizon.
AU-Ro'RAL, a. Belonging to the aurora, or to the northern
"liehts ; resembling the twilight. E. Goodrich.
ALARUM, n. Gold.
Aurum fulminans, fulminating gold, is gold dissohed in
aqua regia or nitro-muriatic acid, and precipitated by vol-
atile alkali.
AUS-€UL-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of listening, or heark-
' ening to. — 2. In medicine ^ a method of distinguisliing dis-
eases, particularly in the thorax, by observing the sounds
in the part, generally by means of a tube applied to the
surface.
A(J'SPI-€ATE, V. t. [L. auspicor.] 1. To give a favorable
turn to. Burke. 2. To foreshow. ^To begin. Burke.
AU'SFlCE, ) n. [L. auspicium.] l.^lie omens of an un-
AfJ'SPl-CES, \ dertaking, drawn from birds ; augury.
"2. Protection; favor shown ii patronage; influence. In
this sense the word is generally plural, auspices.
t AU-SPl"CIAL, a. Relating to prognostics.
AtJ-SPi"CIOUS, a. 1. Having omens of success, or favora-
" ble appearances 2. Prosperous; fortunate. 3. Favora-
ble ; kind ; propitious.
AU-SPi"CIOUS-LY, adv. With favorable omens ; happily ;
" prosperously ; favorably ; propitiouslv.
AU-SPi"CI0US-NESS,7i. A state of fair promise; prosperity.
AUS'TER, n. [L.l The south wind. Pope.
AU-STeRE', a. [L. austerus.] 1. Severe ; harsh ; rigid ;
" stern._ 2. Sour ; harsh ; rough to the taste.
AU-STkRE'LY, adv. Severely ; rigidjy ; harshly.
AU-STeRE'NESS, ?f. 1. Severity in manners ; harshness ;
' austerity. 2. Roughness in taste.
AU-STER'I-TY, n. [L. austeritas.] Severity of manners or
life •, rigor ; strictness ; barsh discipline.
AUS'TRAL, a. [L. australis.] Southern; lying or being in
' the south.
AUS-TRAL-a'SIA, 91. [austral and .^sia.] A name given
"to tlie countries situated to the south of Asia, compre-
hending New Holland, New Guinea, New Zealand, &c.
f AOS'TRAL-iZE, v. i. [L. auster.] To tend towards the
south.
AUS'TRT-AN, a. Pertaining to Austria.
AUS'TRI-AN, n. A native of Austria.
AUS'TRINE, a. [L. austrinus.] South ; southerly; southern.
AUS'TRO-MAN-CY, n. [from auster, and Gr. iiavTeia.']
Soothsaying, or prediction of future events, from observa-
tion of the winds.
\ AU'TAR-€HY, n. [Gr. avrapKEia.] Self-sufficiency. Coles.
iVU-THEN'Tie, I a. [Fr. authentique.] I, Having a
AU-THEN'TI-€AL, \ genuine original or authority, in
"opposition to that which is false, fictitioua, or counterfeit ;
being what it purports to be ; genuine ; true. 2. Of ap
proved authority.
AU-THEN'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In an authentic manner;
" with the requisite or genuine auiiiority.
AU-THEN'T[-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being authen-
tic ; authenticity.
AU-THEN'Tr-€ATE, v. t. To render authentic ; to give
" authority to, by the proof.
AU-THEN'TI-€A-TED, pp. Rendered authentic ; having
" received the forms which prove genuineness.
AU-THEN'TI-€A-T1NG, ppr. Giving authority by the
" necessary signature, seal, attestation, or other forms.
AU-THEN-TI-€a'T10N, n. The act of authenticating ; the
" giving of authority by the necessary formalities.
AU-THEN'T1€-LY, ad7u After an authentic mam er.
AU-THEN-TIC'I-TY,7i. Genuineness ; the quality of being
" of genuine original.
AU-THEN'Tie-NESS, n. Authenticity. [Rarely used.]
AU'THOR, n. [L. auctor ; Fr. auteur ; Sp. autor ; It. au
"tore.] 1. One who produces, creates, or brings into being.
2. The beginner, former, or first mover of any thing;
hence, the efficient cause of a thing. It is appropriately
applied to one who composes or writes a book, or original
work.
t AU'THOR, V. t. To occasion ; to effect.
AU'THOR-ESS, n. A female author.
AU-THOR'[-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Having due authority. 2
Having an air of authority ; positive ; peremptory.
AU-THOR'I-TA-TiVE-LY, adv. In an authoritative man-
ner ; with due authority.
AU-THOR'1-TA-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being au-
thoritative ; an acting by authority.
AU-THOR'I-TY, n. [L, auctoritas.] 1. Legal power, or a
right to command or to act ; power ; rule ; sway. 2. The
power derived from opinion, respect or esteem ; influence
of character or office ; credit. 3. Testimony ; witness ;
or the person who testifies. 4. Weight of testimony ;
credibility. 5. Weight of character ; respectability; dig-
nity. 6. Warrant ; order ; permission. 7. Precedents,
decisions of a court, officia! dec! irations, respectable
opinions and sayings, also the book ^ that contain them
8. Government ; the persons or I'le body exercising pow-
er or command.
AU-TH0R-I-Za'T10N, 71. The act of giving authority, or
"legal power ; establishment by authority.
AU'THOR-IZE, V. t. [Fr. autoriser.] 1. To give authority,
" warrant or legal power to ; to give a right to act ; to em-
power. 2. To give authority, credit or reputation to 3.
To justify ; to support as right.
AU'THOR-lZED, pp. Warranted by rght ; supported by
' authority ; derived from legal or proper authority ; hav-
ing power or authority.
AU'THOR -I-ZING, ppr. Giving authority to, or legal pow-
" er, credit, or permission.
t AU'THOR-LESS, a. Without authority. Sir E. Sackville.
AU'THOR-SHIP, n. The quality or state of being an author.
Shaftesbury.
AU-TO-BI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avros, and biography.]
Biography or memoirs of one's life written by liimself.
Walsh.
AU-TO€H'THON, n. [Gr.] One who rises or grows out of
" the earth.
AU-TO€'RA-SY, n. [Gr. avTos and Kparog.] Independent
" power ; supreme, uncontrolled authority.
AU'TO-€RAT, AU'TO-€RA-TER, or AU'TO-€RA-TOR,
V. An absolute prince or sovereign ; a title assumed by
the emperors of Russia.
AU-TO-€RAT'I€, ) a. Pertaining to autocracy ; abso-
AU-TO-€RAT'I-€AL, ( lute.
AU'TOeRA-TRIX, n. A female absolute sovereign.
AUTO DA FE. [Port, act of faith.] 1. In "lie Romish
church, a solemn day held by the Inquisition, for the pun-
ishment of heretics. [Span. Auto defc.] 2. A sentence
given by the Inquisition, and read to a criminal, or he-
retic. 3. The session of the court of Inquisili^u.
t AU-TO-GE'NE-AL, a. [Gr. avroyevris.] Self-begotten.
AU'TO-GRAPH, or AU-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ivtos and
yp«^j7.] A person's own hand-writing ; an original man-
uscript.
AU-TOG'RA-PHAL, a. Of the particular hand- writing of a
"person. ^
AU-TO-GRAPH'l€, ) a. Pertaining to an autograph, or
AU-TO-GRAPH'I-€AL, | one's own hand-writing.
AU-TOMA-LlTE, n. A mineral, called by Haiiy, spinelle
zincifdre.
t AU-TOM'A-TAL, a. Automatical ; automat^us.
AU'TO-MATH, n. [Gr. avrog and pavBavu).] One who is
"self-taught. Young.
AU-TO-MAT'I€, ) a. 1. Belonging to an automaton •
AU-TO-MAT'I-€AL, ] havuig the power of moving
* Sec Synopsis PvIOVE. BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
AVE
itself; mechanical. 2. Not voluntary ; not depending on
tiie will.
AU-TOM'A-TON, n. [Gr. avTonaros.} A self-moving ma-
chine, or one which moves by invisible springs.
A'.' TOM'A-TOUS, a. Having in itself the power of mo-
tion.
AU-TON'0-MOLrS,a. Independent in government ; having
the right of self-government. Mitford.
AU-TON'0-MY,w. [Gr. auroj and vo/zoj.] The power or
right of self-government.
AU'TOP-SY, ?t. \Gt. avToi^ia.'] Personal observation ; ocu-
lar view. [Autopsy and its derivatives are rarely used.J
AU-TOP;TI-€AL, a. Seen with one's own eyes.
AU-T0P'T1-€AL-LY, adv. By means of ocular view, or
one's own observation. Brown.
t AU-TOS€HED-l-AS'TI-€AL,ffl. Hasty 5 slight. Martin.
A-l^'TUMN, (aw'tum) 71. [L. autunmus.'\ The third season
of the year, or the season between summer and winter.
Astronomically, it begins at the equinox, when the sun
enters libra, and ends at the winter solstice ; but, in popu-
lar language, autumn comprises September, October, and
Nf vember.
AU-TUM'NAL, a. Belonging to autumn ; produced or
gathered in autumn.
A(J-TUJ\1 NAL, n. A plant that flowers in autumn.
t'AU-TUMNl-TY, n. The season of autumn Hall.
ALJX-E'SIS, n. [Gr. av^rjaig.] In rhetoric, a figure by
" which any thing is magnified too much.
AUX-ET'1€, a. Amplifying ; increasing. Hatch.
^UX-IL'IAR,or AUX-IL'IA-RY, a. \l.. auxiliaris.] Help-
ing; aiding; assisting; subsidiary.
AUX-IL'IA-RIES, n. plu. Foreign troops in the service of
'" nations at war.
^UX-IL'IA-RY,n. 1. A helper ; an assistant ; a confederate.
' — 2. In grammar, a verb which helps to form the modes
and tenses of ether verbs ; as, have, be, may, can, do,
must, shall, and will,
\ AUX-IL-lA'TlON, n. Help. Diet.
t ACX-IL'IA-TO-RY, a. Assisting. Sir E. Sandys.
A' V AlL', V. t. [Fr. valoir.] 1. To profit one's self; to turn
to advantage ; followed by the pronouns myself, thyself,
himself. Sec. 2. To assist or profit ; to effect the object,
or bring to a successful issue.
A-VaIIJ, v. i. To be of use, or advantage ; to answer the
purpose.
A-VaIL', n. Profit ; advantage towards success ; benefit.
A-Va1L'A-BLE, a. 1. Profitable; advantageous; having
efficacy. 2. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy,
forthe object ; valid.
A-VAlL'A-BLii-NESS, n. 1. Power or efficacy, in pro-
moting an end in view. 2. Competent power ; legal
force ; validity.
A-Y A 111' A -BhY, adv. Powerfully; profitably; advantage-
ously ; validly ; efficaciously.
A-VaIL'ING, ppr. Turning to profit ; using to advantage
or effect.
A-VaIL'MENT, n. Profit; efficacy; successful issue.
[Little used.]
A-VaILS', n. plu. Profits or proceeds. It is used in JVew
England for the proceeds of goods sold, or for rents,
issues, or profits.
A V-A-LANCHE', ) n. [Fr.] A snow-slip ; a vast body of
AV-A-LANGE'', S snow sliding down a mountain.
t A-VaLE', v. t. [Fr. avaler.] To let fall ; to depress.
Spenser.
f A-VaLE', v. i. To sink. Spenser.
t A-VANT', n. The front of an army. See Van.
A-VANT'-€5U-RIER, n. [Fr.] One who is despatched
before the rest, to notify their approach.
* A-VANT'-GUARD, n. The van or advanced body of an
army.
A-V ^NT'U-RINE, n. A variety of quartz rock.
AY A-RTCE, 7i. [1,. avaritia.] An inordinate desire of gain-
ing and possessing wealth ; covetousness. Shak.
AV-A-RI"C10US, a. Covetous ; greedy of gain.
AV-A-Rl'CIOUS-LY, adv. Covetously; with inordinate
desire of gaining wealth. Goldsmith.
AV- A-RT"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being avaricious ;
insatiable passion for property.
t AV'A-ROUS, a. Covetous. Oowcr.
A-VAST', excl. [Ger. basta.] In seamen's language, cease ;
stop ; stay.
t A-VAUNCE'MENT, n. Advancement. Bale.
A-VAUNT', excl. [W. ibant.] Begone ; depart ; a word of
contempt or abhorrence.
t A-VAUNT' V. t. [It. avantare.] To boast. Abp. Cranmer.
T A-VAUNT', V. i. To come before ; to advance. Spenser.
t A-VAUNT', )
t A-VAUNT'ANCE, > n. Boasting. Chaucer.
t A-VAUNT'RY, )
aVE iVlA-RY, n. [from the first words of Gabriel's saluta-
tion to the Virgin Mary ; L. ave, hail.] A form of devo-
tion in the Romish church.
m
AVE
A'VE, 71. [L. ave.] An address to the Virgin Mary ; an ab-
breviation of the Ave Maria, or Ave Mary.
t A-VEL^, V. t. [L. avello.] To pull away. Brown.
AV-E-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. avenaceus.] Belonging to, o
partaking of the nature of oats.
AV'E-NAgE, w. [Fr.] A certain quantity of oats paid by a
tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent or other duty.
AV'EN-ER, or AV'EN-OR, n. [Norm. Fr.J in English
feudal law, an officer of the king's stable, whose duty was
to provide oats.
A-VEN6E', (a-venj') v. t. [Fr. venger.] 1. To take satis
faction for an injury by punishing the injuring party. 2
To revenge. 3. In the passive form, this verb signifies to
have or receive just satisfaction, by the punishment of the
ofl^ender.
t A-VENGE , n. Revenge. Spenser.
t A-VENGE'ANCE, n. Punishment.
A-VEN6'ED, (a-venjd') pp. Satisfied by the punishment of
the offender ; vindicated ; punished.
A-VENGE'MENT, n. Vengeance ; punishment ; the act of
taking satisfaction for an injury, by inflicting pain or evil
on the offender ; revenge.
A-VENG'ER, n. One who avenges or vindicates ; a vmdi-
cator ; a revenger.
A-VEN6'ER-ESS, n. A female avenger. Spenser.
A-Y EN &1ING, ppr. Executing vengeance ; takuig satisfac-
tion for an injury ; vindicating.
AV'ENS, n. The herb bennet. Miller.
AV'EN-TINE, a. Pertaining to Mons Aventinus.
A-VEN'TURE, n. [Fr. aventure.] A mischance causing a
person's death without felony.
AV'E-NUE, n. [Fr.] 1. A passage ; a way or opening for
entrance into a place. 2. An alley, or walk in a garden,
planted with trees, and leading to a house, gate, wood,
&c. 3. A wide street.
A-VER', V. t. [Fr. averer.] To affirm with confidence ; to
declare in a positive manner. Prior.
AVER-AGE, 71. 1 . In commerce, a contribution to a general
loss. When, for the safety of a ship in distress, any de-
struction of property is incurred, either by cutting away
the masts, throwing goods overboard, or other means, all
persons who have goods on board, or property in the ship,
contribute to the loss according to their average, that is,
the goods ef each on board. 2. A mean proportion, medial
sum, or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities.
3. A small duty payable by the shippers of goods to tlie
master of the ship, over and above the freight, for his
care of the goods. — 4. In England, the breaking up of
cornfields, eddish, or roughings. — Upon, or on an aver-
age, is taking the mean of unequal numbers or quanti-
ties.
AV'ER-AGE, a. Medial ; containing a mean proportion
Price. Beddoes.
AV'ER-AGE, V. t. To find the mean of unequal sums or
quantities ; to reduce to a medium.
AV'ER-AGE, V. i. To form a mean or medial sum or quan-
tity.
AVER-AGED, pp. Reduced or formed into a mean propor-
tion. Jefferson.
AVER-A-GING, ppr^ Forming a mean proportion out of
unequal sums or quantities.
A-VER'MENT, n. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion ; the
act of averring. 2. Verification ; establishment by evi-
dence. — 3. In pleading, an offer of either party to justify
cr prove what he alledges.
A-VER 'NAT, n. A sort of grape. Ash.
A-VER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Cam-
pania, in Italy.
AVER-PEN-NY, n. Money paid towards the king's car-
riages by land, instead of service by the beasts in kind.
Burn.
A-VER'RED, (a-verd') pp. Affirmed ; laid with an aver
ment.
A-VER'RING, ppr. Affirming ; declaring positively ; offer-
ing to justify or verify.
A- VER'RO-IS'T, 71. One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers
so denominated from Avcrrocs.
AV-ER-RUN€'ATE, v. t. [L. averrunco.] To root up ; to
scrape or tear away by the roots.
AV-ER-RUN-€a'T10N, n. The act of tearing up or raking
away by the roots.
AV-ER-Sa'TION, n. [L. aversor.] A turning from with
disgust or dislike ; aversion ; hatred ; disinclination. It
is nearly superseded by aversion.
A-VERSE', (a-vers') a. 1. Disliking ; unwilling ; having
a repugnance of mind. 2. Unfavorable ; indisposed ;
malign. Dryden. This word and its derivatives ought tc
be followed by to, and never hy from.
A-VERSE'LY, (a-vers'ly) adv. With repugnance ; uiiwi!
lingly. Brown.
A-VERSE'NESS, (a-vers'nes) n. Opposition of mind ; dis
like ; unwillingness ; backwardness.
A-VER'STON, n. [Fr. aversion.] 1. Opposition or re
pugnance of mind ; dislike ; disinclination ; reluctance ,
See Synopsis. A, E, T, O V Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
AVO
65
AWH
f A-VlZE', V. t. To counsel ; to consider. Spenser.
V V-0-€a'DO, 71. [Sp.l The name of a tree. See Avigato.
jjatred. 2 Opposition or contrariety of nature. 3. The
cause of dislike.
A-VERT', V. t. [L averto.] 1. To turn from ; to turn off
or away. 2. To keep off, divert, or prevent. 3. To
cause to dislike. Hooker.
A-V£iiT', ?;. t. To turn away. Thomson.
A-VERT'ER, 7^. One that turns away ; that which turns
away.
A-^"ERT''[NG, pj}r. Turning from ; turning away.
A'Vf-A-RY, n. [li. aviarium.] A bird cage ; an inclosure
for keeping birds confined.
A-VLD 1-OUS-LY, adv. Eagerly ; with gresdiness.
A-VID'I-TY, 71. [h. aviditas.] 1. Greediness ; strong ap-
petite. 2. Eagerness ; intenseness of desire.
AV-I-Ga'TO, or AV-0-€a'DO, n. The Persea, or alligator-
pear.
t A-ViL£', V. t. [Fr. avilir.] To depreciate. Ben Jonson,
I A-VlSE', or t A-VI'SO, n. [Fr. avis.] Advice , intelli-
gence.
t A-V'ISE', 7). i. To consider. Spenser.
A-VlSEMENT, 7?. Advisement. See Advice and Advise.
tAV'I-TOUS, a. [Ij. avitus.] Ancient
■ • "-"T, t;. t. To(
A'
t AV'0-€ATE, V. t. [L. avoco.] To call off, or away
Boyle.
AV-0-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of calling aside, or diverting
from some employment. 2. Tlie business which calls
aside. The word is generally used for the smaller affairs
of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to
'eave his ordinary or principal business. The use of this
word for vocation is very improper.
\ A-Vo'€A-TlVE, a. Calling off.
A.-VOW,v.t. [Fr. vuider, or vider.] 1. To shun ; to keep
at a distance from ; that is, literally^ to go or be wide
from. 2. To shift off, or clear off. 3. To quit ; to evac-
uate ; to shun by leaving. 4. To escape. 5. To emit or
throw out. 6. To make void ; to annul or vacate.
A-VOID', 7).i. 1. To retire ; to withdraw. 2. To become
void, vacant, or empty.
A-VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be avoided, left at a dis-
tance, shunned, or escaped. 2. That may be vacated ;
liable to be annulled.
A-VOID'ANCE, n. I. The act of avoiding, or shunning. 2.
the act of vacating, or the state of being vacant. 3. The
act of annulling. 4. The course by which any thing is
carried off.
A-VOID'ED, pp. Shunned ; evaded ; made void ; ejected.
A-VOLD'ER, 71. 1. One who avoids, shuns, or escapes. 2.
The person who carries any thing away ; the vessel in
which things are carried away.
A-VOID'ING, ppr. Shunning •, escaping ; keeping at a dis-
tance ; ejecting ; evacuating ; making void, or vacant.
A-VOID'LESS, a. That cannot be avoided; inevitable.
Dryden.
AV-OIR-DU-POIS', 71. [Fr. avoir da poids.] A weight, of
which a pound contains 16 ounces. Its proportion to a
pound Troy, is as 17 to 14. This is the weight for the
larger and coarser commodities.
t A-VOKE', z;. t. [L. avoco.] To call back. Cockeram.
AV-O-LA'TION, n. [L. avolo.] The act of flying away •,
flight ; escape. [Little used.]
AV'O-SET, ) n. In ornitliology, a species of fowls, ar-
AV-0-SET'TA, \ ranged under the genus recurvirostra.
A- VOUCH', V. t. [Norm, voucher.] 1. To affirm ; to de-
clare or assert with positiveness. 2. To produce or call
in ; to affirm in favor of, maintam or support. 3. To
maintain, vindicate, or justify. Shak.
A-VOUCH', 7!. Evidence ; testimony ; declaration. Shak.
( Little use
-Vc
A-VOUCIi'A-BLE, a. That may be avouched. [Little itsed.]
A-VOUCH'ED, (a-vouchf) pp. Affirmed ; maintained ;
called in to support.
A-VOUCH'ER, n. One who avouches.
A-VOUCH'ING, ppr. Aflarming ; calling m to maintain ;
vindicating.
A-VOUCH MENT, n. Declaration ; the act of avouching
Shak.
A- VOW, V. t. [Fr. avouer.] To declare openly ; to own,
acknowledge, or confess frankly.
f A-VOW, ri. A vow or determination. Oower.
A-VOW'A-BLE, a. That may be avowed, or openly ac-
knowledged with confidence. Donne.
A-VOW ATj, 71. An open declaration ; frank acknowledg-
ment. Hume.
A-VOW ANT, n. The defendant in replevin, who avo7cs
the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking. Cowel.
A- VOWED, (a-vowd) pp. Openly declared ; owned •,
frankly acknowledged.
A-VOW'ED-LY, adv. In an open manner; with frank
acknowledgment.
*A-VOW'EE, n. Sometimes used for advowee, the person
who his a right to present to a benefice, tlie patron.
Cowel. See Advowson.
A-VOWER, n. One who avo'vs, owns, or asserts.
A-VOWING, ppr. Openly declaring ; frankly acknowledg-
ing •; justifying.
A-VOW'IIY, n. In laio, the act of the distrainer of goods
who, in an action of replevin, avoios and justifies tho
taking ; the act of maintaining the right to distrain, by
the distrainer, or defendant in replevin. Blackstone.
fA-VOWSAL, n. A confession, nict.
A-VOW'TRY. See Advowtry.
A-VULS'ED, a. Plucked or pulled off. Shenstone.
A-VUL'SION, n. [L. avulsio.] A pulling or tearing asun-
der j a rending or violent separation.
A-WaIT'j v. t. Literally, to remain, hold, or stay 1. To
wait for ; to look for, or expect. 2. To be in store for ;
to attend ; to be ready for.
A-WaIT', n. Ambush ; in a state of waiting for. Spenser.
A-WaIT'ING, ppr. Waiting for ; looking for ; expecting 5
being ready or in store for.
A-WaKE', v. t. ; pret. awoke, awaked ; pp. awaked. [Sax
gewcccan, wacian, or wecoan.] 1. To rouse from sleep.
2. To excite from a state resembling sleep, as from death,
or inaction ; to put into action, or new life.
A-WaKE', v. i. 1. To cease to sleep ; to come from a state ol
natural sleep. 2. To bestir, revive, or rouse from a state
of inaction ; to be invigorated with new life. 3. To rouse
from spiritual sleep. 4. To rise from the dead. Job, xiv.
A-WaKE', a. Not sleeping ; in a state of vigilance or
action.
A-Wa'KEN, (a-wa'kn) v. t. and v. i. The same with
aivake.
A-Wa'KENED, pp. Roused from sleep, in a natural or
moral sense.
A-Wa'KEN-ER , n. He or that which awakens.
A-Wa'KEN-ING, 71. A revival of religion, or more general
attention to religion than usual.
A-WARD', V. t. [Scot, warde.] To adjudge ; to give by
sentence or judicial determination ; to assign by sentence.
A-WARD', 77. i. To judge ; to determine ; to make an
award.
A-WARD', n. The judgment, or determination of arbitia-
tors ; judgment; sentence.
A-WARD'ED, pp. Adjudged, or given by judicial sentence,
or by the decision of arbitrators.
A-WARD'ER, n. One that awards, or assigns by sentence
or judicial determination ; a judge.
A-WARD'ING, ppr. Adjudging ; assigning by judicial sen-
tence ; determining.
A-WaRE', a. [Sax. gewarian.] Watchful ; vigilant ; guard-
ed ; but more strictly, in modern usage, apprisv.d ; expect-
ing jin event from information, or probability.
A-WaRE', 7;. i. To beware ; to be cautious. Milton.
A-WARN', v. t. To warn, which see. Spenser.
A-W^T'CHA, n. A bird of Kamtchatka.
A-WaYi, adv. [Sax.aweg.] 1. Absent; at a distance. 2.
It is much used with words signifying moving, or going
from ; as, go aioay, send away, run away, &c. 3. As an
exclamation, it is a command or invitation to depart ;
away, that is, be gone, or let us go. " jSv-ay with him,"
take him away. 4. .^way toith has a peculiar signification
in the phrase, "I cannot away with it." Isa, i. The
senseis, " I cannot bear, or endure it."
f A-WaY'WARD, a<Z7). [Sax. aweg weard,] Turned aside.
Oower.
AWE, (aw) n. [Dan. ave ] 1. Fear mingled with admira-
tion or reverence; reverential fear. 2. Fear; dread in-
spired by something great or terrific.
AWE, V. t. To strike" with fear and reverence ; to influence
" bv fear, terror, or respect.
A-WkA'RY, a. Weary, which see. Shak.
A-WEATH'ER, adv. On the weather-side, or towards the
wind ; as, the helm is aweather ; opposed to alee. Mar.
Diet.
AWE'BAND, 71. A check. Diet.
AWE'-COM-MANiyiNG, a. Striking with awe.
AWED, (awd) pp. Struck with fear ; influenced by fear or
"reverence.
A-W.EIGH', (a-wa') adv. Atrip. The anchor is aweigh, when
it is just drawn out of the ground, and hangs perpendicular.
AWE'-IN-SPxR'ING, a. Impressing with awe. Bp. Hobart.
AWE'-STRU€K, a. Impressed or struck with awe.
AWFUL, a. 1. That strikes with awe ; that fills with
'" profound reverence. 2, That fills with terror and dread
3. Struck with awe ; scrupulous.
t AW'FUL-EyED, a. Having eyes exciting awe.
AWTUL-LY, ado. In a manner to fill with awe ; in a rev
" erential manner.
AWFUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of striking with awe,
"or with reverence; solemnity. 2. The state of being
struck with awe.
t A-WHAPE', (a-whap') v. t. [W. cwapiaw.] To strike ; to
ccnfoimd. Spenser.
t A-VMIEELS', arfu. On wheels. Ben Jonson.
A-WHiEE', adv. A space of time ; for some time ; for a
short time.
' See Synopsis.
MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;~BULL, UNITE.^€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CHasSH j THasiutAia.
t ObsolcU.
AZl
06
BAB
r A-WHIT', adv A jot ; a tittle. Bp. Hall.
AWK, a. 1. Odd ; out of order. L^Estrange. 2. Clumsy
* in performance, or manners ; unhandy ; not dextrous.
[Vulgar 1
^WK'WARD, a. 1 Wanting dexterity in the use of tlie
hands or of instruments ; unready ; not dextrous ; bun-
gling , untoward. Dryden. 2. Inelegant ; unpolite ; un-
graceful in manners ; clumsy ; unnatural ; bad. S/iak.
^WK'VVARD-LY, adv. Clumsily; in a rude or bungling
" manner ; inelegantly ; badly.
^WK'WARD-NESS, n. Clumsiness •, ungracefulness in
manners ; want of dexterity in the use of the hands or
instruments.
AWli, 11. [Sax. al ; Ger. ahl.] An ii'on instrument for
" piercing small holes ir. leather.
AW LESS, a. 1. Wanting reverence ; void of respectful fear.
■■ 2. Wanting the power of causing reverence ; not excitmg
awe.
AWL'WORT, 71. The popular name of the subulana aquat-
" ica, or roagh-leaved alyssum.
AWM,or AUM, 7i. [D. aam ; G. ahm.] A Dutch liquid
'" measure, "equal to the English tierce.
^WN, n. [Svv. agne.] The beard of corn, or grass, as it is
usually understood. But, technically, a slender, sharp
process, issuing from the chaff or glume in corn and
grasi
AWN'ING, ?i. [Goth. Milyan.'] 1. A cover of canvas, usu-
" ally a sail or tarpauling, spread over a boat or ship's deck,
to shelter from the sun's rays the officers and crew, and
preserve the decks. 2. That part of the poop deck which
is continued forward beyond the bulk-head of the cabin.
Mar. Diet.
AWN'LESS, a. Without awn or beard.
AWN'Y, a. Having awns ; full of beard
A-WoKE'. The jn-eterit of awake.
t A-W6RK', adv. [Sax. geweorcan.'] At work ; in a state of
labor or action. Shak.
A-WoRK'IJ\G, adv. At work ; into a state of working or
action. Hubbard's Tale.
1-WRY', (a-ri') a. or adv. [Dan. vrider.] 1. Turned or
twisted towards one side ; not in a straight or true direc-
tion, or position •; asquint ; with oblique vision. — 2. In a
figurative sense, turned aside from the line of truth, or
right reason ; perverse or perversely. Milton.
AXE, ) ?i. [improperly written aze. Sax. cbx, eaz, esse.] An
AX, \ instrument, usually of iron, for hewing timber,
and chopping woi-J.
AX-A-Ya'€AT, n. A flj in Mexico.
AXE'STONE, I n. A mineral, a subspecies of jade, les?
AX'STONE, \ hard than nephrite.
AX'HEAD, n. The head of the axe.
AX'1-FORM, a. [L. axis and forma.] In the form of an
axis. Encyc.
AX'IL, 7?,. [L. axilla.] 1. The armpit ; a cavity under the
upper part of the arm or shoulder. — 2. In botany, the
space or angle formed by a branch with the stem, or by a
leaf with the stem or branch.
AX'IL-LAR, ) a. Pertaining to the armpit, or to the axil
AX'IL-LA-RY, \ of plants. .Axillary leaves are those
which proceed from the angle formed by the stem and
branch.
AX'1-xMTE, n. A mineral.
AX-I-NOM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. a^ivrj and ixavreia.] Among
the a7icieni5, a species of divination, by means of an axe or
hatchet.
AX'IOM, 71. [Gr. a^iwua.] 1. A self-evident truth, or a
proposition whose truth is so evident at first sight, that no
process of reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer.
2. An established principle in some art or science.
AX-IO-MAT'I€, } a. Pertaining to an axiom ; having
AX-IO-MAT'I-€AL, \ the nature of self-evident truths.
AX'IS, 7!. ,- plu. Axes. [L.] 1. The straight line, real or
imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves,
or may revolve.— 2. In geometry, a straight line in a plain
figure, about which it revolves to produce a solid.
AX'LE, (ak'sl) ) n. [Sax. tsx, and tree.] Apiece
AX'LE-TREE, (ak'sl-tre) \ of timber, or bar of iron, fitted
for insertion in the hobs or naves of wheels, on which the
wheels turn.
AX'0-LOTE, 71. A water lizard found in the Mexican
lake
XY, } adv. [G. D. Dan. Sw. ja, pron. ya ; Fr. nui.] Yes,
AYE, \ yea, a word expressing assent, or an affirmative
answer to a question.
AYE, adv. [Sax. aa, a, or awa.] Always ; forever ; con-
tinually ; for an indefinite time ; used in poetry,
t AY'-GREEN, n. Houseleek. Diet.
AYLE, n. In law, a grandfather.
Z'Y-RY. See Aerie.
AZ'A-ROLE, 71. [Fr.l A species of thorn.
AZ'E-RIT, AZ-E-Rl'TA, or AZ-E-RPRA
of plum, or pruTiMS. Fam. of Plants.
AZ'I-MUTH, 72. 1. In astronomy, an arch of the horizon
intercepted between the meridian of the place and the
A species
azimuth, or vertical circle, passing through the centre of
the object. — 2. Magnetical azimuth, an arch of the hori-
zon, hitercepted between the azimuth, or veitical circle,
passing through the centre of any heavenly body, and the
magnetic meridian. — '3. Aziynuth compass, an instrument
for finding either the magnetic azimuth or amplitude of
a Jieavenly object. — 4. Jlzimuth dial, a dial whose stile or
gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon. — 5.
Azimuths, or vertical circles, are great circles uitersectiug
each other in the zenith and nadir, and cuttmg the hori-
zon at right angles.
A-ZoTE', n. [Gr. a and ^u>n or ^u)rt»fof .] A species of gas,
called also viephitic air, and atmospheric mephitis, on ac-
count of its fatal effects upon animal life.
f AZ'OTH, n. 1. Among alchimists, the first principle of
metals ; the mercury of metals -, a universal medicine.
Ash. 2. The liquor of sublimated quicksilver ; brass.
A-ZOT'I€, a. Pertaining to azote ; fatal to animal life.
AZ'0-TlTE, n. A salt formed by a combination of the prot-
oxyd of azote, or nitrous oxyd, witli an alkali.
* AZ'URE, (azh'-ur) a. [Fr. azur ; Sp. azul, or azur ; It.
azzui-ro.] Of a sky-blue ; resembling the clear blue color of
the sky.
* AZ'URE, (azh'-ur) n. 1. The fine blue color of the sky
2. The sky, or azure vault of heaven. — 3. In heraldry, a
blue color in coats of all persons under the degree of baron.
Jones.
AZ'URE, V. t. To color blue.
AZ'URED, (azh'-ured) a. Colored azure ; being of an azure
color. Sidney.
Ai'LjiS-rE °^^' i "• Another name of the lazulite.
AZ'URN, (azh'-um) a. Ofa blue color. Milton. [Littleused.]
t AZ'YME, n. Unleavened bread.
AZ'Y-MlTE, 71. In church history, Azymites are Christiana
who adramister the eucharist with unleavened bread.
AZ'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. a and ^vpr].] Unleavened ; unfer-
mented ; as sea-biscuit.
B.
Bis the second letter, and the first articulation, or conso-
nant, in the English, as in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin,
and most other alphabets. It is a wute and a labial, be-
ing formed by pressing the whole length of the lips to-
gether, as in pronouncing eb. The Greek B is always pro-
nounced like the English V, and the Russian B corre-
sponds with the Greek.
BAA, (ba) n. Tlie cry or appropriate bleating of sheep.
BAA, V. i. To cry or bleat as sheep.
BA'AL, 71. An idol among the ancient Chaldeans and Syri-
ans, representing the sun.
BAB'BLE, v.i. [D. babbelen.] 1. To utter words imper-
fectly or indistinctly, as children. 2. To talk idly or irra-
tionally ; to talk thoughtlessly. 3. To talk much ; to
prate ; hence, to tell secrets. Shak. 4. To utter sounds
frequently, incessantly, or indistinctly.
BAB'BLE, V. t. To prate ; to utter.
BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk ; senseless prattle. Shak.
BAB'BLE-RIENT, v. Idle talk ; senseless prate ; unmean-
ing words. Milton.
BABBLER, n. An idle talker ; an irrational prattler ; a
teller of secrets.
BABBLING, ppr. I. Talking idly ; telling secrets. 2.
Uttering a succession of murmuring sounds. 3. In hunt-
ing, babbling is when the hounds are too busy after they
have found a good scent.
BAB'BLING, n. Foolish talk. 1 Tim. vj.
BABE, 7i. [Ger. bube ; Ir. baban.] An infant; a young
child of either sex.
B^ 'BEL, n. [Heb.] Confusion ; disorder.
BA'BE-RY, n. Finery to please a child. Sidney.
Ba'BISH, a. Like a babe ; childish. Ascham.
BA'BmU-hY,adv. ChUdLshly.
BAB-oON', 71. [Fr. babouin.] A monkey of the largest spe
cies.
BA'BY, a. Like a young child ; pertainmc to an infant.
Ba'BY, n. I. An infant or young child ot either sex ; a babe ;
[used in familiar language.] 2. A small image m form
of an infant, for girls to play with ; a doll.
BA'BY, tj. f. To treat like a young child. Young.
BA'BY-HOOD, n. The state of being a baby. Ash.
BA'BY-HOUSE, n. A place for children's dolls and babies.
BA'BY-ISH, a. Childish. Bale.
BAB-Y-Lo'NI-AN, or BAB-Y-LO'NISH, a. 1. Pertaining
to Babylon. 2. Like the language of Babel ; mixed ; con-
fused.
BAB-Y-Lf^NT-AN, n. An inhabitant of Babylonia.— In an-
cient writers, an astrologer.
See Synopsis A, E, I, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, Fi^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
BAG
67
BAD
BAB-Y-LON'ie ? 2. ]. Pertaining to Babylon, or made
BAB-Y-LON'I-€AL ) there. 2. Tumultuous ; disorderly.
BAB-Y-LOiX'I€S, 7i ylu. Tlie title of a fragment of the his-
tory of the world, composed by Berosus, a priest of Baby-
lon
BAB-Y-ROUS'SA, n. In zoology, the Indian hog, a native
uf Celebes and of Buero.
f BA'BY-SHIP, n. Infancy; childhood.
BA€, or BA€K, n. [D. bak, a bowl or cistern.] I. In navi-
gation, a ferry-boat or praam. — 2. In breicing, a large flat
tub, or vessel, in whicli wort is cooled belbre boiling ;
hence called a cooler. — 3. In distilleries, a vessel uito
which the liquor to be fermented is pumped, from the
cooler, in order to be worked with the yeast.
BAG'CA, n. [L.J In botany, a berry.
BA€-eA.-LAU'ilE-ATE, n. The degree of bachelor of
arts.
BA€'eA-TED, a. [L. baccatus.] Set or adorned with
pearls ; having many berries. [Little used.]
BAtJ €HA-NAL, or BA€-€HA-Na'LI-AN, n. [from Bac-
chus, Gr. BaK^os.l One who indulges in drunken revels ;
a drunkard.
BA€ €HA-NAL, ) a Reveling in intemperate drink-
BA€-€HA-Na'LI-AN, \ ing ; riotous ; noisy.
BA€-€HA-Na'LJ- \N, a. Pertaining to reveluig and drunk-
enness
BAe'CHA-NALS, n. plu. Drunken feasts ; the revels of
bacclianalians. — In antiquity, feasts in honor of Bacchus,
BAC'CHANTE, \ "' ^^ ^'^° ^'^""^^ ^^^ Bacchus.
BA€'eHI-€AL,' or BA€'€HI€, a. 1. Jovial ; drunken ;
mad with intoxication. 2. Relating to Bacchus, the god
of wine.
BA€'€H1-US, n. In ancient poetry, a foot composed of a
short syllable and two long ones.
BA€'€H US-BOLE, n. A flower. J.Tortimer.
BA€-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. baccifer.] That produces berries.
BA€-CIV'0R-0U^t5, a. [L. bac^a and voro.] Eating or sub-
sisting on berries.
BACH'E-LOR, ?t. [Ft. bachelier ; Sp. bachiller.] 1. A man
who has not been married. 2. A person who has taken
the first degree in the liberal arts and sciences. 3. A
knight of the lowest order, or, more correctly, a young
knight, styled a knia-ht bachelor.
BACH'E-LOR-SHIP, H. 1. The state of being a bachelor.
2. The state of one who has taken his first degree in a
college or university.
BA€K. n-. [Sax. bac, bcec] 1. The upper part of an aniical,
particularly of a quadruped, whose back is a ridge.— In
human beings, the hinder part of the body. 2. The out-
ward or convex part of the hand, opposed to the inner,
concave part, or palm. 3. As the back of man is the part
on tlie side opposite to the face, hence, the part opposed
to the front ; as, the back of a book. 4. The part opposite
te or most remote from that which fronts the speaker or
actor. 5. As the back is the strongest part of an animal,
and as the back is behind in motion, hence, the thick and
strong part of a cutting tool ; as, the back of a knife. 6.
The place behind or nearest the back.— 7. To turn the
back on one, is to forsake him. 8 To turn the back to one,
to acknowledge to be superior. 9. To turn the back, is to
depart, or to leave the care or cognizance of; to remove,
or be absent. 10. Behind the back, is in secret, or when
one is absent. 11. To cast behind the back, in Scripture,
is to forget and forgive, or to treat with contempt. 12. To
plow the back, is to oppress and persecute. 13. To bow
the back, is to submit to oppression.
BA€K, adv. 1. To the place from which one came. 2. In
ajitrurative sense, to a former state, condition, or station.
3. Behind ; not advancing ; not coming or bringing for-
ward ; as, to keep back a part. 4. Towards times or
things past. 5. Again ; in return. 6. To go or come back,
is to return, either to a former place or state. 7. To ao
or fflve back, is to retreat, to recede.
BA€K, f . t. 1. To mount ; to get upon the back ; some-
times, perhaps, to place upon the back. 2. To support ,
to maintain ; to second or strengthen by aid. 3. To put
backward ; to cause to retreat or recede. 4. To bark a
warrant, is for a justice of the peace in the county where
the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a war-
rant, issued in another county, to apprehend an oflTender.
BACK, V. i. To move or go back ;-as, the horse refuses to
back.
BACK'BTTE, v. t. To censure, slander, reproach, or speak
evil of the absent.
BA€K'Bi-TER, n. One who slanders, calumniates, or
speaks ill of the absent.
BA€K Br-TIXG, n. The act of slandering the absent ; se-
cret calumnv. 2 Cor. xii.
BA€K Bl-TING-LY, adu. With secret slander. Barret.
BA€K Board, n. a board placed across the after part of a
boat.
BACK BoNE, n The b( ne of the hack ; or the spine.
BA€K€AR-RY, n. A having on the back.
BA€K DoOR, n. A door en the back part of a building a
private passage ; an indirect way.
BAOK'ED, (bakt) pp. Moimted ; having on the back j sup-
ported by aid ; seconded ; moved backward.
BA€K'ED, a. Having a back ; a word used in comdosI-
tion.
BACK'END, 71. The latter part of the year. .N-orih of Eng-
land.
BACKFRIEND, (bak'frend) n> A secret enemy South.
BA€K-GAM'MOA", n. [W. bac and cammaun.] A game
played by two persons, upon a table, with box and dice.
BACK'GROUXD, n. 1. Ground in the rear, or behind, as
opposed to the front. 2. A place of obscurity, or shade ;
a situation little seen or noticed.
BACK HANB-ED, a. With the hand turned backward.
BA€K'HAND-ED, adv. With the hand directed backwai.i.
BACK'HOUSE, ?i. A building behind the main or front
buJding.
BACK'ING, ppr. Mounting ; moving back, as a horse ; sec-
onding.
BA€K'PAINT-IXG, n. The method of painting mexzotinto
prints, pasted on glass of a size to fit the print.
BA€K'PI£CE, 71. The piece of armor which covers the
back.
BACK'RE-TURN, n. Repeated return. Shak.
BACK'ROOM, n. A room behind the front room, or in the
back part of the house.
BACKS, n. Among dealers in leather, the thickest and
best tanned hides.
BACK-SET, a. Set upon in the rear.
BACK SIDE, n. 1. The back part of any thing ; the part
behind that which is presented to the face of a spectator.
2. The hind part of an animal. 3. The yard, ground, or
place behind a house.
* BACK-SLlDE', v.i. To fall off; to apostatize; to turn
graduallvfrom the faith and practice of Christianitv
*BA€K-SLlD ER, ?;. 1. An apostate ; one who falls from
the faith and practice of religion. 2. One who neglects
his vows of obedience, and falls into sin.
* B ACK-SLlD'ING, n. The act of apostatizing from faith or
practice ; a falling msensibly from religion into sin or
idolatry. Jer. v. 6.
BACK STAFF, n. A quadrant; an instrument for taking
the sun's altitude at sea ; called also, from its inventor,
D avisos quadrant
BACK'STAIRS, n. Stairs in the back part of a house ; pri-
vate stairs ; and, figuratively, a private, or indirect way
BACK'STAYS, n. Long ropes or stays extending from the
topmast lieads to both sides of a ship, to assist the shrouds
in supporting the mast.
BACK STOXE, ?(. The heated stone, or iron, on which
oat-cake is baked. JSi'orth of England.
BACKSWORD, n. A sword with one sharp edge.— In
England, a stick with a basket handle, used in rustic
amusements.
BACK WARD, or BACK Vr.ARDS, adv. 1. With the back
in advance. 2. Toward the back. 3. On the back, or
with the back downwards. 4. Toward jnst times or
events. 5. By way of reflection ; reflexively . C. From
a better to a worse state. 7. In time past. 8. Perverse-
ly ; from a wrong end. 9. Towords the beginning ; in an
order contrary to the natural order. 10. Contrarily ; in a
contrary manner.
BACK'^VARD, a. 1. Unwilling ; averse ; reluctant ; hesi-
tating. 2. Slow ; shiETgish ; dilatory. 3. Dull : not quick
of apprehension ; beiund in progress. 4. Late ; behind
-in time ; coming after something else, or after the usual
time.
BACK' WARD, v. t. To keep back ; to hinder.
t BACK WARD, n. The things or state behind or past.
BACK WARD-LY, adv. Unwillingly ; reluctantly ; averse-
Iv ; perverselv. -
BACK'WARD-NESS, ??. 1. Unwillingness; reluctance;
dilatoriness, or dullness in action. 2. A. state of being
behind in progress ; slowness ; tardiness.
BACK-WOODS MAN, ri. (Used mostly in the plural.) A
term applied to the people who inhabit the i-ewl) settled
territory west of the Alleghany mountains.
BACK ^V6RM, n. A small worm, in a thin skin, in the
reins of a hawk.
BACKWOUND, r. t. To wound behind the back Shak.
BACON, (ba'kn) n. [W . haccun.] Eog's flesh, salted, or
pickled and dried, usually in smoke. — To save onc''s ba-
con, is to preserve one's self from harm.
BAC'LLE, ,(. [Fr. basntle.] In f>rtificatio7i, a. kind cf port-
cullis or gate, made like a pit-fall.
BAC'U-LTTE, N. [L.. baculus.] A genus of fossil shells.
BAC-U-LOM E-TRY, v. [L. bacuUs, and Gr. ixcToov.] The
act of measurmg distance or altitude by a staif or staves.
BAD, a. Ill ; evil ; opposed to good ; a word of general
use, denotmg pliysical defects and moral faults in men
and thines ; whatever is injurious, hi;rtful, inconvenient,
nnl-iwful, or immoral ; whatever is ofl'dnsive, painful, or
unfavorable ; or what is defective.
' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE •,— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH a3 in tbis. f Obsolete
BAl
68
BAL
BAD, BADE. The past tense of WtZ. See Bid.
BAD6E, n. 1. A mark, sign, token, or thing, by which a
person is distinguished. 2. The mark or token of any
thing. 3. An ornament on ships, near the stern, deco-
rated with tigures.
BADGE, V. t. To mark, or distinguish with a badge.
BADGE'LESS, a. Having no badge. Bp. Hall.
BAD6 ER, n. In laic, a person who is licensed to buy corn
in one place and sell it in another, without incurring the
penalties of engrossing.
BADg'ER, n. A quadruped of the genus ursus. — The Amer-
ican badge)- is called the ground hog.
BAD6 ER. V. t. To confound.
BADGER-LEGGED, a. Having legs like a badger.
BAD-I-A'GA, n. A small spunge in Russia.
BAD'I-ANE, or BAN'DI-AN, n. The seed of a tree in
China, which smells like anise seeds.
BAD-I-GE'ON, n. A mixture of plaster and free stone,
ground together and sifted.
BAD'IN-AGE, ) n. [Er.l Light or playful discourse. Ches-
BA-DIN'E-RIE, S tcrfieid.
BAD'LY, adxi. In a bad manner ; not well ; unskilfully ;
grievously ; unfortunately ; imperfectly.
BADNESS, 71. The state of being bad, evil ; vicious or de-
praved ; want of good qualities.
BAF'FE-TAS, BAF'TAS, or BAS TAS, n. An India cloth,
or plain muslin. That of Surat is said to be the best.
BAFFLE, v. t. [Fr. befler.] To mock or elude by artifice ;
to el'-.Je by shifts and turns ; hence, to defeat or con-
fou:id.
Bj*.i''FLE, V. i. To practice deceit. Barrow.
^AF'FLE, 71. A defeat by artifice, shifts and turns.
BAF'FLED, pp. Eluded ; defeated ; confounded.
BAF'FLER, n. One that baffles.
BAF'FLING, ppr. Eluding by shifts and turns, or by strat-
agem ; defeating 5 confounding.
BAG, n. [Norm, bage.] 1. A sack ; a pouch, usually of
cloth or leather, used to hold, preserve, or convey corn
and other commodities. 2. A sack in animal bodies
containing some fluid, or other substance. 3. Formerly,
a sort of silken purse tied to the hair. 4. In commerce, a
certain quantity of a commodity, such as it is customary
to carry to market in a sack ; as a bag of pepper.
BAG, V. t. 1. To put into a bag. 2. To load with bags.
BAG, V. i. To swell like a full bag, as sails when filled with
wind.
BAG-A-TELLE', (bag-a-tel') «. [Fr.] A trifle ; a thing of
no importance.
BAGGAGE, 71. [Fr. bagage.] 1. The tents, clothing, uten-
sils, and other necessaries of an army. 2. The clothing
and other conveniences, which a traveler carries with
him on a journey. [The English now call this Zwo-gaife.]
BAG'GAGE, n. [Fr. bagasse.] A low, worthless woman 5 a
strumpet.
BAG'GING, ppr. Swelling ; becoming protuberant.
BAG'GING, 71. The cloth or materials for bags. U. States.
Edwards^ W. Indies.
BAGN'IO, (ban yo) n. [It. bagno ; Sp. bano.] 1. A bath ;
a house for bathing, cupping, sweating, and otherwise
cleanjing the body. 2. A brothel.
BAG'PiPE, n. A musical wind instrument, used chiefly
in Scotland and Ireland. It consists of a leathern bag,
which receives the air by a tube, which is stopped by a
valve ; and pipes, into which the air is pressed by the per-
former. .
BAG'Pl-PER, 71. One who plays on a bag-pipe.
BAG'RE, 71. A small bearded fish, a species of siZmt-ms.
BAG'REEF, n. A fourth and lower reef used in the British
navy.
BA-GUET', (ba-gef) n. [Fr. baguette.] In architecture, a
little round molding, less than an astragal.
BAR'RE ' ( "' Weights used in the East Indies. Encyc.
fBAIGNE, V t. [Fr. 6aio-7ier.] To soak or drench.
BaI'KAL-iTE, n. A mineral.
BAIL, V. t. [Fr. and Norm, bailler.] 1. Tosetfree, deliver,
or liberate, from arrest and imprisonment. 2. To deliv-
er goods in trust, upon a contract. 3. To free from wa-
ter, as to bail a boat. This word is improperly written bale.
BAIL, 71. 1. The person or persons who procure the release
of a prisoner from custody, by becoming surety for his
appearance in court. 2. The security given for the release
of a prisoner from custody. 3. The handle of a kettle or
other vessel. 4. In England, a certain limit within a for-
est.
BaIL'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be set free upon bond with
sureties ; that may be admitted to bail. 2. That admits
of bail.
BaIL'BOND, n. Abend or obligation given by a prisoner
and his surety.
Bailed, pp. l. Released from custody on bonds for ap-
pearance in court. 2. Delivered in trust, to be carried
and deposited, re-delivered, or otherwise accounted for.
3. Freed from water, as a boat.
BaI'LEE, 71. The person to whom goods are committed in
trust.
BaIL'ER, or BaIL'OR, n. One who delivers goods to an-
other in trust.
BaIL'IFF, ) 71. [Fr. baillif.] In England, an officer ap-
BaIL'IF, \ pointed by the sheriff, who is the king's bailiflf.
BaIL'I-WICK, 71. [Scot, bailli, and Sax. wic.] The precincts
in which a bailiff has jurisdiction ; the limits of a bailiff's
authority.
BaIL'MENT, 71. A delivery of goods in trust, upon a con-
tract.
BaIL'PIeCE, n. A slip of parchment, or paper, containing
a recognizance of bail above, or bail to the action.
t BAIL Y, n. The office or jurisdiction of a bailiff. Wickliff.
jBAIN, 71. [Fr. bain.] A bath. Hakewill.
t BANE, V. t. To bathe. Tuberville.
BaIRN, or BARN, n. [Sax. beam ; Scot, bairn.] A child
Little used in English.
BAIT, n. [Sax. batan.] 1. Any substance for food, used to
catch fish, or other animals. 2. A portion of food and
drink, or a refreshment taken on a jomney. 3. An allure
ment ; enticement ; temptation.
BAIT, V. t. 1. To put meat on a hook or line, or in an in-
closure, or among snares, to allure fish, fowls and other
animals into human power. 2. To give a portion of food
and drink to man or beast upon the road.
BAIT, V. i. To take a portion of food and drink for refresh-
ment on a journey.
BAIT, V. t. [Goth, beitan.] I. To provoke and harass
by dogs ; to harass by the help of others. 2. To attack
with violence •, to harass in the manner of small ani-
mals.
BAIT, V. i. To clap the wings ; to flutter as if to fly ; or to
hover.
BAIT, n. White bait, a small fish of the Thames.
BaIT'ED, pp. 1. Furnished with bait 5 allured ; tempted.
2. Fed, or refreshed, on the road. 3. Harassed by dogs
or other small animals ; attacked.
BAIT'ING, ppr. 1. Furnishing with bait ; tempting 5 allur-
ing. 2. Feeding ; refreshing at an inn. 3. Harassing
with dogs •, attacking.
BAIZE, n. [Sp. bausan.] A coarse, woolen stuff, with a
long nap.
BAKE, V. t. [Sax. bacan.] 1. To heat, dry, and harden, as
in an oven or furnace, or under coals of fire ; to dress and
prepare for food, in a close place ; heated. 2. To dry and
harden by heat, either in an oven, kiln, or furnace, or by
the solar rays.
BAKE, V. i. 1. To do the work of baking. 2. To be baked j
to dry and harden in heat.
BaKED, pp. Dried and hardened by heat ; dressed in
heat.
BaKE'HOUSE, n. A house or building for baking.
BaKE'MEATS, 71. Meats prepared for food in an oven.
BaK'EN, (bakn) pp. The same as baked, and nearly obso-
lete.
BaK'ER, n. One whose occupation is to bake bread, bis-
cuit, &c.
BAK'ER-FOOT, n. An ill-shaped or distorted foot. Tay-
lor.
BAK'ER-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs, or legs that
bend inward at the knees.
BAK'ER-Y, n. 1 . The trade of a baker. 2. A place occu-
pied with the business of baking bread, &c.
BaK'ING, ppr. Drying and hardening in heat j dressing
or cooking in a close place, or in heat.
BaK'ING, n. The quantity baked at once ; as a
of bread.
BAL'AN, n. A fish of a beautiful yellow.
BAL'ANCE, 71. [Fr. balance; Sp. balanza.] 1. A pair ol
scales, for weighing commodities. 2. One of the simple
powers in mechanics. 3. Figuratively, an impartial state
of the mind, in deliberating, 4. As balance signifies
equal weight, or equality, it is used for the weight or sum
necessary to make two unequal weights or sums equal. 5.
Balance of trade is an equal exportation of domestic pro-
ductions, and importation of foreign. 6. Equipoise, or an
equal state of power between nations ; as, the " balance
of power." 7. Equipoise, or an equal state of the pas-
sions. 8. That which renders weight or authority equal.
9. The part of a clock or watch which regulates the
beats. — 10. In astronomy, a sign in the zodiac, called, in
Latin, Libra. — The hydrostatic balance is an instrument
to determine the specific gravity of fluid and solid bodies
The assay balance is one which is used in docimastic op-
erations, to determine the weight of minute bodies.
BAL'ANCE, V. t. 1. To adjust the weights in the scales of a
balance, so as to bring them to an equipoise. 2. To weigh
reasons •, to compare, by estimating the relative force,
importance, or value of different things. 3. To regulate
different powers, so as to keep them in a state of jist oro-
portion. 4. To counterpoise ; to make of equal weigntor
force ; to make equipollent ; to support the centre of grav
ity. 5. To settle and adjust, as aa account
* See Synopsis. A, E, I o, tJ, "?, long —FAR. FALL, WHAT j— PRfiY ;~PiN, IMAP.iNE, Eilll) :
]' Giii'Olcta
BAL
BAL
BAIi'ANCE, v.i. 1. T« have on each side equal weight ; to
fce on a poise 2. To hesitate ; to fluctuate between mo-
tives which appear of equal force.
BAL'ANCEU, pp. Charged with equal weights ; standing
on an equipoise ; regulated so as to be equal ; settled ;
adjusted ; made equal in weight or amount.
BAL'AlNCE-FlSH, n The zygoma, or marteau.
BAL'AN-CER, 11. L The person who weighs, or who uses
a balance 2. A member of an insect useful in balancing
the body. 3. One skilled in balancing.
BAL'ANCE-REEF, n. A reef band that crosses a sail di-
agonally, used to contract it in a storm.
BAL'AW-CING, ppr. Charging with equal weights ; being
in a state of equipoise ; bringing to a state of equality ;
regulating respective forces or sums to make them equal ;
settling ; adjusting j paying a difference of accounts ; hes-
itating.
BAL'AN-CING, 71. Equilibrium ; poise. Spenser
BAL'A-NlTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus balanus.
BAL' ASS, or BAL' AS, n. [Sp. balax ; Fr. balais.] A va-
riety of spinel ruby.
BA-LALTS'TINE, n. The wild pomegranate-tree.
BAL-iJu'CIN-ATE, ) v. i. [L. balbutic] To stammer in
BAL-Bfj'TlATE, \ speaking. Diet.
*BAL'€0-Nf ED, a. Having balconies. R. JSTorth.
*BAL'eO-NY, n. [Fr. balcon ; It. halcone.'] In architec-
ture, a frame of wood, iron or stone, in front of a house
or other building.
BALD, (bawid) a. [Sp. baldio.J 1. Destitute of hair, es-
pecially on the top and back of the head. 2. Destitute of
the natural covering. 3. Without feathers on the head.
4. Destitute of troes on the top. 5. Unadorned ; inelegant.
6. Mean ; naked j base ; without dignity or value. S/iak.
7. In popular language, open, bold, audacious. 8. With-
out beard or awn.
BALD'A-€HIN, ) n. [It. baldaccliino ; Sp. baldaquin o."] In
BALD'A-CIUIN, \ architecture, a building in form of a can-
opy, supported by columns, and often used as a covering
to insulated altars.
BALD'M6N-Y, n. The same with gentian.
BALD'ER-DASH, n. Mean, senseless prate; a jargon of
words ; ribaldry ; any thing jumbled together without
judgment.
BALD'ER-DASH, v. t. To mix or adulterate liquors.
BALD'LY, adv. Nakedly ; meanly •, inelegantly ; openly.
BALD'NESS, n. Want of hair on the top and back of the
head ; loss of hair ; meanness or inelegance of writing ;
want of ornament.
BALD'PATE, n. A pate without hair.
BALD'PA-TED, a. Destitute of hair ; shorn of hair.
BALD'RICK, n. [L. balteus, and rick.] 1. A girdle, or
richly ornamented belt ; a war girdle. 2. The zodiac,
BALE, n. [Fr. balle ; Ger. ballen.] 1. A bundle or pack-
age of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for carriage or
transportation. 2. Formerly, a pair of dice.
BALE, V. t. To make up in a bale.
t BALE, n. [^ax. beal, bealo.] Misery ; calamity.
BAL-E-AR'I€, a. Pertaining to the isles of Majorca and
Minorca.
BaLE'FUL, a. I. Woeful ; sad ; sorrowful ; full of grief ;
producing misery. 2. Mischievous ; destructive ; perni-
cious ; calamitous ; deadly.
BaLE'F(JL-LY, adv. Sorrowfully; perniciously; in a
calamitous manner.
BA-LIS'TER, n. [L. balista.] A cross bow.
BA-LIZE', n. [Fr. balise.] A sea-mark ; a pole raised on a
bank.
BALK, (bawk) n. [Sax. bale ; W. bale] 1. A ridge of
land, left unplowed, between furrows, or at the end of a
field. 2. A great beam, or rafter. [G. balken ; D. balk.]
3. Any thing left untouched, like a ridge in plowing. 4.
A frustration ; disappointment.
BALK, (bawk) v. t. 1. To disappoint ; to frustrate. 2. To
leave untouched ; to miss or omit. 3. To pile, as in a
heap or ridge. 4. To turn aside ; to talk beside one';
mean
rows, as in American husbandry. 2. Frustrated ; disap-
pointed.
BALK'ER, (bawk'er) n. One who balks.
BAliK'ING, ppr. Plowing in ridges ; frustrating.
BALL, n. [G. ball ; I), bal ; Sw. ball.] 1. A round body ;
a spherical substance. 2. A bullet. 3. A printer's ball,
consisting of hair or wool, covered with leatlier, and used
»X) put ink on the types in the forms. 4. The globe or earth,
from its figure. 5. A globe borne as an ensign of author-
ity. 6. Any part of the body that is round or protuberant ;
as, the eye ball. 7. The weight at the bottom of a pendulum.
BALL, 71. [Fr. bal ; It. ballo.] An entertainment of dancing.
BALL, V. i. To form into a ball, as snow on horses' hoofs.
BAL'LAD, 71. [It. ballata.] A song ; originally, a solemn
song of praise ; but now a meaner kind of popular song.
BAL'LAD, V. i. To make or sing ballads. Shak.
\ BAL'LAD, V. i. To write ballads.
meaning. [Obs.] Spenser. 5. To plow, leaving balks.
ft.LK'ED, (bawkt) pp. 1. Plowed in ridges between fur-
BAL'LAD-ER, n. A writer of ballads. Overbury.
BAL'LAD-MA'KER, n. A maker or composer of oallads
BAL'LAD-MoNG'ER, n. A dealer in writing ballads.
BAL'LAD-RF, n. The subject or style of ballads.
BAL'LAD-SIWG'ER, n. One whose employment is to sing
ballads.
BAL'LAD-ST1?LE, n. The air or manner of a ballad.
BAL'LAD-TirNE, n. The tune of a ballad. Warton.
BAL'LAD-WRiT'ER, n. A composer of ballads.
jBAL'LA-RAG, v. t. To bully ; to threaten. Warton
BAL'LAST, n. [Sax. bat, with last.] 1. Heavy matter, as
stone, sand or iron, laid on the bottom of a ship or other
vessel, to sink it in the water, to such a depth as to ena-
ble it to carry sufficient sail without oversetting. 2.
Figuratively, that which is used to make a thing steady.
BAt'LAST, V. t. 1. To place heavy substances on the bot-
tom of a ship or vessel, to keep it from oversetting. 2,
To keep any thing steady, by counterbalancing its force
BAL'LAST-ED, ;;p. Furnished with ballast ; kept steady
by a counterpoising force.
BAL'LAST-IMG, ppr. Furnishing with ballast; keeping
steady.
BAL'LAST-ING, n. Ballast; that which is used for ballast
BAL'LA-TED, a. Sung in a ballad. [Little used.]
BAL-LA-TOON'', n. A heavy luggage boat employed on
the rivers about the Caspian lake.
BAL'-LA-TRY, n. A song ; a jig. Milton.
BAL'LET, n. [Fr. ballet.] 1. A kind of dance ; an in-
terlude ; a comic dance, consisting of a series of severa.
airs, with different movements, representing some subject
or action. 2. A kind of dramatic poem, representing some
fabulous action or subject,
BAL'LI-AGE, or, more correctly, Idilage, n. [Ir. baile.] A
small duty paid to the city of London by aliens, and even
by denizens, for certain commodities exported by tliem.
BAL'LIARDS. See Billiards.
BAL'LIS-TER. See Balustek.
BAL-LIS'Tie, a. [L. balista.] Pertaining to the balista^
or to the art of shooting darts.
BAL-LIS'TI€S, n. The science or art of throwing missive
weapons, by the use of an engine.
BAL-LOON', 71. [Fr. ballon.] 1. In general, any spherical,
hollow body. — 2. In chemistry, a round vessel with a
short neck, to receive whatever is distilled ; a glass re-
ceiver, of a spherical form. — 3. In architecture, a ball or
globe, on the top of a pillar.— 4. In fireworks, a ball of
pasteboard, or kind of bomb, stuffed with combustibles, to
be played off, when fired, either in the air, or in water,
which, bursting like a bomb, exhibits sparks of fire like
stars. 5. A game, somewhat resembling tennis, played
in an open field, with a large ball of leather, inflated with
wind. 6. A bag or hollow vessel, made of silk or other
light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air,
so as to rise and float in the atmosphere ; called, for dis-
tinction, an air-balloon.
BALLOON', or BAL'LO-EN, n. A state barge of Siam,
made of a single piece of timber.
BAL'LOT, n. [Fr. ballutte.] 1, A ball used in voting. 2.
A ticket, or written vote, being given in lieu of a ballot, is
now called by the same name. 3. The act of voting by
balls or tickets.
BAL'LOT, 7). i. 1. To vote by ballot. 2. To vote by writ-
ten papers or tickets.
BAL'LO-TADE, or BAL'0-TADE, n. In the menage, a
leap of a horse between two pillars, or upon a straightline,
so that when his fore feet are in the air, he shows nothing
but the shoes of his hind feet, without jerking out.
BAL-LO-Ta'TION, n. A voting by ballot. [Little used.]
BAL'LOT-BOX, 71. A box for receiving ballots.
BALM, (bam) n. [Fr baume.] 1. The sap or juice of trees
or shrubs remarkably odoriferous or aromatic, 2. Any
fragrant or valuable ointment. Shak. 3, Any thing which
heals, or which soothes or mitigates pain, — 4, In botany,
the name of several aromatic plants, particularly of the
genus 7nelissa.
Balm of Qilead. A plant of the genus amyris. Its leaves
yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent ; and from
this plant is obtained the balm of Oilead of the shops, or
balsam of Mecca or of Syria,
BALM, V. t. 1, To anoint with balm. 2. To soothe ; to
mitigate ; to assuage
BALM'Y, (bam'e) a. 1, Having the qualities of balm ,
aromatic. 2. Producing balm, 3. Soothing ; soft ; mild
4, Fragrant ; odoriferous, 5, Mitigating ; easing ; assuaging.
BAL NE-AL, a. [L, balneum.] Pertaining to a bath.
BAL'NE-A-RY, n. [L, balnearium.] A bathing room
Broicn .
BAL-NE-A'TION, n. The act of bathing, JBrowTi,
BAL'NE-A-TO-RY, a. Belonging to a bath or stove.
BAL'NE-UM, 71. [L,] Used in chemistry, for a vessel
BAL'SAM, 71, [Gr. ^aXaayiOv.] An oily, aromatic, resirious
substance, flowing spontaneously, or by incision, from
certain plants.
Balsam apple. An annual Indian plant.
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— Bl^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
BAN
70
BAN
Balsam tree. A name given to a genus of plants.
halsam of Sulphur is a solution of sulphur in oil.
balsam of Pent. The produce of a tree in Peru.
t BAL SAM, V. t. To render balsamic ; to soften.
BA'L-teAM/'\.'TJON, n. The act of rendering balsamic.
i:.AL,-SAM''e, or BAL-SAM i€-AL, a. Having tlie qualities
of bitJsani ; stimulating j unctuous ; soft ; mitigating ; mild.
I!AL-bA.i ff , n. A warm, stimulating, demulcent medi-
cine, of a t>nooth and oily consistence.
iJAL JSA-Ml\£, 71. Touch-me-not, or impatiens, a genus of
'plants.
DALteAM-Sl'/EAT-ING, a. Yielding balsam.
LXi^T'ie, 11. The sea which separates Norway and Swe-
den fiv^m Ju land, Holslein and Germany.
BALT'l€, a Pertaining to tlie sea of that name ; situated
oil the Baltic sea.
BAL'US-TER, n. [It. balaustro; Sp. balaustre ; Fr. balustre.]
'I'his is corrupted into banister. A small column or pilas-
ter, of various forms and dimensions, used for balustrades.
BAij Ut-TERED, a. Having balusters. Soames.
BAL'tJfe-TltADK, n. [tep. balaustrado ; It. balaustrata ;
Fr. balustrade.] A row of balusters, joined by a rail,
serving as a fence or inclosure, for altars, balconies, stair-
cases, terraces, tops of buildings, &c.
BAii, or BEAM, as an initial syllable in names of places,
signifies wood ; implying that the place took its name from
a grove, or forest. Ger. bauvi, a tree.
BAM'liOO, ?(. A plant of the reed kind, or genus arundo,
growing in the East Indies.
BAAt-BOO ZLE, V. t. To confound ; to deceive ; to play
low tricks, [ji low word.]
BAM-BOO ZLER, n. A cheat ; one who plays low tricks.
BAA^, ?i. [Sax. bannan, abannan.] 1. A public proclama-
tion or edict ; a public order or notice, mandatory or pro-
hibitory. 2. Notice of a marriage proposed, or of a mat-
rimonial contract, proclaimed in a church. 3. An edict of
interdiction or proscription. Hence, to put a prince under
tJie ban of the empire, is to divest Jiim of his dignities. 4.
Interdiction ; prohibition. Milton. 5. Curse •, excommu-
nication ; anathema. Raleigh. 6. A pecuniary mulct or
penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban.
7. A mulct paid to the bishop by one guilty of sacrilege
and other crimes. 8. In military affairs, a proclamation
by beat of drum, requiring a strict observance of disci-
pline, either for declaring a new officer, or for punishing
an offender. — 9. In commerce, a smooth, fine muslin, im-
ported from the East Indies.
!>A-V, V. t. To curse ; to execrate. Shak. Knolles.
biA, V. i. To curse. Spenser. ,
■• i;A-NA NA, n. A species of the genus musa, or plantain-
tree, and its fruit.
!?AND, n. [Sax. banda ; Sw. band.] 1. A fillet ; a cord ; a
tie ; a chain ; any narrow ligament wUh which a thing is
hound, tied or fastened, or by which a number of things
are confined together. — 2. In arcliitecture, any flat, low
member or molding, broad, but not deep, called also fascia,
ate or plinth. 3. Figuratively, any chain; any means
of restraint ; that which draws or confines. 4. IMeans of
union or connection between persons. 5. Any thing
b.)und round or encircling another. 6. Something worn
;iboiU the neck. 7. A company of soldiers ; the body of
men united under one flag or ensign. Also, indefnitely,
a troop, a body of armed men. 8. A company of persons
united in any common design. 9. A slip of canvas,
sewed across a sail to strengthen it. — The bands of a sad-
dle are two pieces of iron iiailed upon the bows, to hold
them in their proper situation. Johnson.
BAND, v.t. 1. To bind together-, to bind over with a
band. 2. To unite in a troop, company or confederacy.
BAND, V. i. To unite ; to associate ; to confederate for
some common purpose.
BArxiDAGE, ?(. [Fr.] 1. A fillet, roller, or swath, used in
dressing and binding up wounds, restraining hemor-
rhages, and joining fractured and dislocated bones. 2.
Something resembling a bandage ; that which is bound
over another.
BAN-DAN'A, n. A species of silk handkerchief.
BAND'BOX, n. A slight paper box for bands, caps, bonnets,
muffs, or other light articles.
BAND'ED, pp. Bound with a band ; united in a band.
BAND'ER, n. One that bands or associates with others.
BAND'F",R-£T, n. In Sicisserland, a genertil in chief of
military forces.
IIAND'IED, pp. Beat or tossed to and fro; agitated; con-
troverted without ceremony.
BAND'IiSG, ppr. Binding with a band ; uniting in a band
or company.
BA-N'DIT, n. ; plu. Bandits, or Banditti, (ban-dit'te)
[It. oandito.] An outlaw ; also, in a general sense, a rob-
ber ; a highwayman ; a lawless or desperate fellow.
BAN'DLE, n. An Irish measure of two feet in length.
BANDLET, I n. [Pr. bandelette.] Any little band or flat
BANDE-LET, \ molding.
BAN DOG, 71. A large species of dog. Shak.
BAN-DO-LEERS', n. [Sp. bandolera.] A large leathern
belt, thrown over the right shpulder, and hanging undei
the left arm ; worn by ancienf musketeers for sustaining
their fire arms, and their musket charges, which, being
put into little wooden cases, and coated with leather,
were hung, to the number of twelve, tc each bandoleer.
tBANDON, ?t. Disposal; license. Chaucer.
BANDORE, 71. [Sp. bandurria.] A musical stringed instru-
ment, like a lute.
BANDROL, 71. [Fi, banderole.] 1. A little flag or streamer
in form of a guidon, used to be hung on the masts of ves-
sels. 2. The little fringed silk flag that hangs on a
trumpet.
BAND'STRING, n. A string appendant to a band.
BAND'Y, n. [Fr. bander.] A club for striking a ball at play
BAND'Y, V. t. 1. To beat to and fro, as a ball in play
2. To exchange ; to give and receive reciprocally. 3. I'd
agitate ; to toss about, as from mau to man.
BAND'Y, V. i. To contend, as at some game, in which
each strives to drive the ball his own way.
BAND'Y-ING, ppr. Beating, impelling or tossing from one
to another ; agitating in controversy without ceremony.
BAND'Y-LEG, ji. A crooked leg ; a leg bending inward or
outward.
BAND'Y-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs.
BANE, 7?. [Sax. bana.] Poison of a deadly quality ; hence
any fatal cause of mischief, injury or destruction.
BANE, V. t. To poison. Shak.
BaNE'-BER-RY, n. A name of the herb Christopher, actaia,
or aconitum racemosum.
BaNE'FUL, a. Poisonous ; pernicious ; destructive.
BaNE'FUL-LY, adv. Perniciously ; destructively.
BaNE'FUL-NESS, n. Poisonousness ; destructiveness.
BaNE'-WoRT, n. A plant, called also deadly nightshade.
BANG, V. t. [Dan. banker.] 1. To beat, as with a club or
cudgel ; to thump; to cudgel, [^i loic word.] 2. To beat or
handle roughly ; to treat with violence.
BANG, n. A blow with a club ; a heavy blow. Shak.
BANG ING, a. Large ; great. Grose.
BANGLE, V. t. To waste by little and little ; to squander
carelessly. Johnson.
*BAN'IAN, n. ]. A man's undress or morning gown, as
worn by the Banians in the East Indies. 2. A Gentoo ser-
vant, employed as an agent in commerce. 3. A tree in
India. Milton.
BAN'ISH, V. t. [Fr. bavnir.] 1. To condemn to exile, or
compel to leave one's country. 2. To drive away ; to
compel to depart. 3. To quit one's country voluntarily ;
as, he banished himself.
BAN'iSHED, pp. Compelled to leave one's country ; driven
away
BAN'iSH-ER, 71. One who compels another to quit his
country
BAN'ISH- ING, ppr. Compelling to quit one's country ;
driving away.
BAN'ISH -MENT, n. 1. The act of compelling a citizen to
leave his country. 2. A voluntary forsaking of one's coun-
try upon oath, called abjuration. 3. The state of being
banished ; exile. 4. The act cf driving away or dispelling
BAN'IS-TER, n. A corruption of baluster, which see.
BANK, 71. 1. A mound, pile or ridge of earth, raised above
the surrounding plain. 2. Any steep acclivity, whether
rising from a river, a lake, or the sea, or forming the side
of a ravine. 3. A bench, or a bench of rowers, in a gal-
ley. 4. A collection or stock of money. 5. The place
where a collection of money is deposited ; a house used
for a bank. 6. A company of persons concerned in a
bank. 7. An elevation, or rising ground, in the sea ,
called iiiso fiats, shoals, shelves or shallows.
BANK, V. t. 1. To raise a mound or dike ; to inclose, de-
fend or fortify with a bank. 2. To pass by the banks of.
Shak. fJVot in use.] 3. To lay up or deposit money in a
bank. [Little used.]
BANK'A-BLE, a. Receivable at a bank, as bills ; or dis-
countable, as notes. [Ofrece?it origin.]
BANK-BILL, or BANK-NOTE, n. A promissory note, is-
sued by a banking company.
BANKED, pp. Raised in a ridge or mound of earth ; inclosed,
or fortified with a bank.
BANK'ER, n. 1. One who keeps a bank. 2. A vessel em
ployed in the cod fishery on the banks of Newfoundland
Mar. Diet.
BANK'ING, p;)r Raising a mound or bank ; inclosing with
a bank.
BANK'ING, n. The business or employment of a banker.
BANK'RUPT, n. [Fr. banquerovte.] 1, A trader who se-
cretes himself, or does certain other acts tending to defraud
his creditors. 2. A trader who becomes unable to pay his
just debts ; an insolvent trader.
BANK'RUPT, a. Having committed acts of bankruptcj'^ ,
unable to pay just debts ; insolvent.
BANK'RUPT, V. t. To break one in trade ; to make inso]
vent.
BANK'RUPT-C"y , n. 1. The state of being a bankrupt, oi
• See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, XJ, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WH.^T ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
BAR
71
BAR
insolvent , inability to pay all debts. 2. The act of be-
coming a bankrupt.
BAN K a UPT-E D, pp. Rendered insolvent.
BAiXKiRUPT-lIVG, ppr. Breaking in trade , rendering in-
solvent.
BANKRUPT-LAW, 71. A law, which, upon a bankrupt's
surrendering all his property to :omraissioners for the
benefit of his creditors, discharges hhn from the payment
of Ills debts.
BANK'RUPT-SV^S'TEM, n. A system of laws and legal
proceedings in regard to Itankrupts
BAiNK-STOCK, n. A share or shares in the capital stock of
a bank.
BANiVER, 71. [Fr. hanniere.] 1. A square flag; a military
ensign , the principal standard of a prince or state. 2. A
streamer borne at the end of a lance or elsewhere. — 3. In
botany, tlie upper petal of a papilionaceous corol.
BAN'iVERED, a. Furnished witii or bearing banners.
BAiN'NER-ET, n. [Fr.] A kniglit made in the field. On
the day of battle, the candidates presented their flags to
the king ar general, who cut off the train or skirt, and
made it square. They were then called knights- of the
square flag.
BANNIAN. See Banian.
BAN'NE-RoL. See Bandrol.
t BAN-NI"TION, n. [L. bannitus.] The act of expulsion.
.^bp. Laud.
BANNOCK, n. [If. boinneog.] A cake made of oatmeal or
peas-meal, baked on an iron plate over the fire.
BAN'OY. 7i. A species of hawk.
BAN'aUET, 7i. [Fr. banquet.] A feast; a rich entertain-
ment of meat and drink.
BAN'aUET, V. t. To treat with a feast.
BAN'Q.UET, V. i. To feast ; to regale one's self with good
eating and drinking. Shak.
BAN'aUET-ED, jW- Feasted ; richly entertained at the
table.
BAN'CIUET-ER, 7!. 1. A feaster ; one who lives delicious-
ly. 2. One who makes feasts or rich entertainments.
BAN'aUET-ING, ppr. 1. Feasting ; entertaining with rich
fare. 2. Partaking of rich fare.
BAN'aUET-ING, n. A feast ; luxurious living.
BAN'aUET-ING-HOUSE, or BAN'QUET-HOUSE, n. A
house where entertainments are made.
BAN aUFT-ING-ROOM, n. A saloon, or spacious hall for
public entertainments.
BAN-aUETTE', or BAN-aUET', (ban-kef) 7i. [Fr.] In
fortification, a little raised way or foot bank, running
along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand
to fire upon the enemy.
BAN'SIIEE, or BEN'SHI, n. An Irish fairv. Todd.
BAN'ST[€-KLE, 71. A small fish, called also stickle-back.
BAN'TER, V. t. To play upon in words and in good liu-
mor , to rally ; to joke, or jest with.
BAN'TER, 71. A joking or jesting ; raillery ; wit or humor ;
pleasantry.
BAN'TERED, pp. Rallied ; laughed at in good humor
BAN'TER-ER, 7i, One who banters, or laughs at with
pleasantry.
BAN'TER-ING, ppr. Joking ; laughing at with good hu-
mor.
BANT'LING, 77. A young child ; an infant.
BAPTISM, 77. [Gr. ^aTznana.] I. The application of water
to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by
which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ.
2. The sufferings of Christ. 3. So much of the gospel as
was preached by John the Baptist.
BAP-TIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to baptism.
BAP'TIST, 71. ]. One who administers baptism. This ap-
pellation is appropriately given to John, the forerunner
of Christ. 2. As a contraction of Anabaptist, one who
denies the doctrine of infant baptism, and maintains that
baptism ought to be administered only to adults by im-
mersing the body in water.
BAP'TIS-TER-Y, 77. [L. baptisterium.] A place where the
sacrament of baptism is administered.
BAP-TlS'Tr^ )
BAP-TIS'TI €'\1, [ '^' Pertaining to baptism. Bramhall.
BAP-TiZE', V. t. [Gr. ^aTrri^o}.] To administer the sacra-
mentof baptism to ; to christen.
BAP-TiZ'ED, (bap-tizd') pp. Having received baptism ;
christened.
BAP-TiZ'ER, 71. One who christens, or administers bap-
tism ._
BAP-TlZ'ING, ppr. Administering baptism to ; cliristen-
ing.
BAR, 7?. [W. bar.] 1. A piece of wood, iron or other solid
matter, long in proportion to its diameter, used for various
purposes, but especially for a hindrance or obstruction.
2. Any obstacle which obstructs, hinders or defends ; an
obstruction ; a fortification. 3. The shore of the sea,
wliich restrains its waters. 4. The railing that ijicloses
the place which coimsel occupy in courts of justice ; the
body of lawyers licensed in a court. 5. Figuratively, any
tribunal ; as, the Z»ai of public opinion. 6. The inclosed
place of a tavern, inn or coffee house, wmjre the land-
lord or his servant delivers out liquors, ahJ waits upon
customers ^. A bank of sand, gravel, or earth, forming
a slioal at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing en-
trance, or rendering it difficult. 8. A rock in the sea ;
any thing by which structure is held together. 9. Any
thing laid across another ; as, bars in hei-aldry, stripes in
color, and the like. — JO. In the menage, the highest part
of the place in a horse's mouth between the grinders and
tusks. — 11. In music, bars are lines drawn perpendicu-
larly across the lines of the staff, including between each
two a certahi quantity of time, or number of beats
12. In lav:, a peremptory exception, sufticient to destroy
the plaintifl^s action, i;^. A bar of gold or silver is an
ingot, lump or wedge, from the mines, run in a mold,
and unwrought. A bar of iron is a long piece, wrought
in the forge, and hammered from a pig. — 14 Among p?-i«£-
ers, the iron witli a wooden handle, by which the scxew
of the press is turned.
BAR, V. t. 1. To fasten with a bar. 2. To hinder ; to ob-
struct, or prevent. 3. To prevent ; to exclude ; to hinder ;
to make impracticable. 4. To prohibit ; to restrain or ex-
clude by express or unplied prohibition. 5. To obstruct,
prevent or hinder by any moral obstacle. 6. To except ;
to exclude by exception. 7. To cross with stripes of a
different color. 8. To bar a vein, in farriery, is an opera
tion upon the legs of a horse, to stop malignant humors,
9. To adorn with trappings ; a contraction of barb.
BARB, 71. [L. barba.] 1. Beard, or that which resembles it,
or grows in the place of it. 2. The down, or jmbes, cov-
ering the surface of some plants. 3. Anciently, armor
for horses ; formerly, barbe or barde. 4. A common name
of the Barbary pigeon. 5. A horse from Barbary, of
which it seems to be a contraction. 6. The points thai
stand backward in an arrow, fish-hook, or other instru-
ment for piercing, intended to prevent its being extract-
ed. — 7. In botany, a straight process armed with teeth
pointing backward like the sting of a bee.
BARB, V. t. I. To shave ; to dress the beard. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To furnish with barbs, as an arrow, fish-hook, spear, or
other instrument. 3. To put armor on a horse. Milton.
BaR'BA-€AN, 71. [Fr. barbacane.] 1. A fortification or
outer defense to a city or castle. 2. A fortress at the
end of a bridge, or at the outlet of a city, having a double
wall with towers. 3. An opening in the wall of a for-
tress, through which guns are leveled and fired upon an
enemy.
BAR-Ba'DOES-CHER'RY, 77. The malpia-hia.
BAR-Ba'DOES TAR, n. A mineral fluid" of the nature of
the thicker fluid bitumens.
BAR-Ba RI-AN, n. [L. barbarus ; Gr. l3ap§apos.] 1. A
man in his rude, savage slate ; an uncivilized person.
2. A cruel, savage, brutal man ; one destitute of pity or
humanity. 3. A foreigner.
BAR-Ba'R1-AN, a. 1. Belonging to savages ; rude ; uncivil-
ized. 2. Cruel ; inhuman.
BAR-BAR'I€, a. [L. barbaricv^.] Foreign ; imported from
foreign nations.
BaR'BA-RISM, 77. [L. barbarismus.] 1. A form of speech
contrary to the pure idioms of any language 2. Igno-
rance of arts ; want of learning. Dryden. 3. Rudeness
of manners ; savagism ; incivility ; ferociousness ; a
savage state of society. Spenser. 1 Brutality ; cruelty ;
barbarity.
BAR-BAR'I-TY, 7i. 1. The manners of a barbarian ; savage-
ness ; cruelty ; ferociousness ., .nhumanity. 2. Barba-
rism ; impurity of speech.
BAR'BAR-iZE, v. t. To make barbarous. Burke.
t BAR'BAR-lZE, n. i. To commit a barbarism. Milton.
BAR'BAR-OUS, a. I. Uncivilized; savage; unlettered,
untutored ; ignorant ; unacquainted with arts ; stranger
to civility of manners. 2. Cruel ; ferocious ; inhuman.
BAR'BAR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of a barbarian ;
ignorantly ; without knowledge or arts ; contrary to the
rules of speech. 2. In a savage, cruel, ferocious or inhu-
man manner.
BAR'BAR-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Rudeness or incivility of man-
ners. 2. rmpurity of language. 3. Cruelty ; inhumanity j
barbarity
BAR'BA-R\ , 71 A barbary horse ; a barb.
BAR'BAS-TEL, n. A bat with hairy lips.
BAR'BATE, ./ a. [L. barbatus.] In botany, bearded; also
BAR'BA-TED, \ gaping or ringent.
BARBE In the military art, to fire in barbe, is to fire the
cannon over the parapet.
BAR'BE-€UE, n. In the West Indies, a hog roasted whole
Lt is, with us, used for an ox, or perhaps any other animal,
dressed in like manner.
BAR'BE-€UE, v. t. To dress and roast a hog whole ; to
roast any animal whole.
BARBED, pp. 1. Furnished with armor. 2. Bearded j
jagged with hooks or points. 3. Shaved or trimmed i
having the beard dressed.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, UOVE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete.
BAR
72
BAR
BXR'BEL, 71. [L. barba.] 1. A fish of the genus cyprinus.
2. A knot of superfluous flesh, growing in the channels
of a horse's mouth ; written also barbie, or barb.
BaR'BER, 71. [Persian, barbr.] One whose occupation is to
shave men, or to shave and dress hair. Shak.
BaR'BER, v. t. To shave and dress hair. Shak.
BARBER-em-RURGEON, ?i. One who joins the practice
of surgery with tljat of a barber, a practice now unusual ;
a low nractitiouer of surgery.
r Bar BER-ESS, 71. A female barber,
RaR'BER-MoNG'ER, n. A man who frequents the bar-
bci'sshop: a fop. Shak.
BaR'BER-RY , 71. [L. berberis.] A plant of the genus ber-
berL-, common in hedges ; called in England pipperidge-
bash,
BaR'BET, n. 1. A name of a species of worms. 2. The
bucco, a genus of birds. 3. A dog so called from liis long
hair.
BaRD, 71. [W. bardh.] ]. A poet and a singer among the
ancient Celts. 2. In modern usage, a poet. Pope.
BARD, 71. The trappmgs of a horse.
BARD'ED, a. In heraldry, caparisoned.
BAR-DSS'A-NJbTS, n. A sect of heretics, who sprung
from Bardesanes.
BARD'ie, a. Pertaining to bards, or to their poetry.
BaRD'ISH, a. Pertainuig to bards ; written by a bard.
BARD'ISM, rt. The science of bards ; the learning and
maxims of bards. Owen.
BARE, a. [Sax. bar, or te?-.] 1. Naked ; without cover-
ing. 2. With the head uncovered, from respect. 3.
Plain ; simple ; unadorned ; without the polish of refined
jnaniiers. 4. Laid open to view ; detected ; no longer
concealed. 5. Poor ; destitute ; indigent ; empty ; un-
furnishsd. 6. Tliread-bare ; much worn. 7. Wanting
clothes ; or ill-supplied with garments.
BARFu, :. t. [Sax. abarian.] To strip off the covering ; to
make naked.
f BARE. The old preterit of bear, now bore.
BaRE'BOi^E, 7t. A very lean person.
BaRE'BoNED, fl. Lean, so that the bones appear, or, rath-
er, so that the bones show their forms.
BARED, pp. Made bare -, made naked.
BaRE'FACED, a. 1. With the face uncovered ; not mask-
ed. 2. Undisguised ; unreserved ; without concealment ;
hence, shameless ; impudent ; audacious.
BaRE^FA-CED-LY, adv. Without disguise or resen^e ;
openly ; impudently.
EaRE'FA-CED-NESS, n. Effrontery ; assurance ; auda-
ciousness.
Barefoot, a. with the feet bare ; without shoes and
stockings.
BARE FOOT, a. or adv. With the feet bare.
BaRE'FOOT-ED, a. Having the feet bare.
BaRE'GjMAWN, (bare'nawn) a. Eaten bare. Shak.
BaRE'HEAD-ED, a. Having the head uncovered, either
from respect or other cause.
BaRE'H£AD-ED-NESS, n. The state of being bareheaded.
BaRE'LEGGED, a. Having the legs bare.
BaRE'LY, ot/y. Nakedly ; poorly; indigently; without
decoration ; merely ; only ; without any thing more.
BaRE'NECKED, a. Having the neck uncovered.
BaRE'NESS, n. Nakedness ; leanness ; poverty ; indi-
gence ; defect of clothes.
BaREPICKED, a. Picked to the bone. Skak.
BaRE'RIBBED, a. Lean. Shak.
BAR'FUL. See Barrful.
BaR'GAIN, (bar'gin) 71. [Fr. barguigner.] 1. An agree-
ment between parties concerning the sale of pi'operty ; a
contract. 2. Stipulation ; interested dealing. 3. Pur-
chase, or the thing purchased.
BAR'GAIN, V. i. To make a contract or agreement.
BAR'GAIN, V. t. To sell ; to transfer for a consideration.
BAR-GAIN-EE', ?). The party in a contract who receives
or agrees to receive the property sold.
BAR GAIiV-ER, n. The party in a contract who stipulates
to sell and convey property to another.
BARGE, (barj) n. [D. bargie.^ 1 A pleasure boat ; a ves-
sel or boat of state, elegantly furnished. 2. A flat-bot-
tom^ftd vessel of burden, for loading and unloading ships.
BARGE'-GoUP-LES, 7!. In architecture, a beam mortised
into another, to strengthen the building.
BARGE'-GoURSE, n. In bricklaving, a part of the tiling
wliich projects beyond the principal rafters.
BARGE MAN, n. The man who manages a barge.
BARG E'MAS-TER, n. The proprietor of a barge, cc
goods for hire.
BARG'ER, 71. The manager of a barge.
BA-RIL'LA, 7t. [Sp.] 2. A plant cultivated in Spain for
its ashes, from which the purept kind of mineral alkali is
obtained. 2. The alkali procured from this plant,
BARI-TONE. See Barytone.
BAR'I-UM, 77. The metallic basis of barytes, which is an
oxyA oi barium. Davy.
BARK, 71. [Dan. bark.'\ 1. The rind or exterior covering of
rge, conveymj
a tree, correspondhig to the skin of an animal. 2. By
■way of distinction, Peruvian bark.
BARK, V. t. To peel ; to strip off bark. Also, to cover or
inclose with bark.
BARK, or BARaUE, n. [Ir. bare ; Fr. barque.] A small
ship ; but appropriately, a ship wliich carries three masts
without a mizzen top-sail.
BARK, V. i. [Sax. beorcan.] 1. To make the noise of dogs,
when they threaten or pursue. 2. To clamor at ; to pur-
sue with umeasonable clamor or reproach.
BARK'-BARED, a. Stripped of the bark. Mortimer.
BARK'-BOUND, a. Having the bark too firm or close, as
with trees.
BARKED, pp. Stripped of the bark ; peeled ; also, covered
with bark.
BARK'ER, n. One who barks, or clamors unreasonably ;
one who strips trees of their bark.
BARK'-GALLED, a. Having the bark galled, as with
thorns.
BARK'ING, ppr. Stripping off bark ; making the noise of
dogs ; clamoring ; covering with bark.
BARK'Y, a. Consisting of bark ; containing bark. Shak.
BAR'LEA'^j 77. [W. barlys.] A species of gi-ain, used espe
cially for making malt, from which are distilled liquors of
extensive use, as beer, ale and porter.
BAR LEY-BRAKE, 71, A rural play ; a trial of swiftness.
BAR'LEY-BROTH, n. A low word for strong beer.
BAR'LEY-€ORN, n. A gram of barley ; the third part of
an inch in length ; hence originated our measures of
length.
EAR'LEY-MOW, 77. A mow of bailey, or the place where
barley is deposited.
BAR'LEY-SUGAR, (barle-shu-gar) n. Sugar boiled tUl it
is brittle, formerly with a decoction of barley.
BAR'LEY^-WA'TER, 71. A decoction of barley.
BARM, 71. [Sax. beorm.] Yeast ; the scum rising upon beer,
or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as
leaven.
BARM'Y, a. Containing barm, or yeast, Shak.
BARN,?!. [Sa.x. ber em.] A covered building for securing
grain, hay, flax, and other productions of the earth. In
the JSTortherii States of Jimerica, the farmers generally use
barns for stabling their horses and cattle ; so that, among
them, a bam is both a cornhouse, or grange, and a stable.
t BARN, V. t. To lay up in a barn. Shak.
BAR']^-€LE, 71. [Port. &e'/-7taca.] 1. A shell, which is
often found on the bottoms of ships, rocks, and timber,
below the surface of the sea. 2. A species of goose, found
in the northern seas, but visiting more southern climates
in whiter. 3. In the plural, an instrument to put upon a
horse's nose, to confine him, for shoeing, bleeding, or
dressing.
BARN'-DoOR, 71. The door of a barn. Milton.
BAR'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. 0apos and \idos.] Carbonate of
barytes.
BA-ROM'E-TER,77. [Gr. fiapos and perpov.] An instrument
for measuring the weight or pressure of the atmosphere.
Its uses are to indicate changes of weather, and to deter
mine the altitude of mountains.
BAR-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining or relating to the ba-
rometer ; made by a barometer.
BAR-0-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. By means of a barometer.
BAR'ON, n. [Fr. baron ; Sp. baron, or varon ; It. barcne.}
1. In Great Britain, a title or degree of nobility ; a lord ;
a peer ; one who holds the rank of nobility next below
that of a viscount. 2. Baron is a title of certain oflicers,
as, barons of the exchequer. Barons of the Cinque Ports
are members of the house of commons, elected by the
seven Cinque Ports. — 3. In law, a husband ; as, baron
and feme, husband and wife.
BAR'ON- AGE, n. 1. The whole body of barons or peers.
2. The dignity of a baron. 3. The land which gives title
to a baron. Johnson.
BAR'ON-ESS, 77. A baron's wife or lady.
BAR'ON-ET, 77. [Fr. ; dimin. of baron.] A dignity or degree
of honor, next below a baron, and above a knight ; hav-
ing precedency of all knights except those of the garter,
and being the only knighthood that is hereditary.
BA-Ro'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to a baron. Encyc.
BAR'O-NY, 77. The lordship, honor, or fee of a baron
whether spiritual or temporal.
BAR'OS-€OPE, 71. [Gr. (iapoi; and cKoiredi.] An instrument
to show the weight of the atmosphere ; superseded by the
barometer.
BAR-OS-€OPI€, a. Pertaining to, or determined by, the
baroscope.
BAR-O-SEL'E-NTTE, 77. [Gr. ^apoi or jSapu?, and selenite.]
A mineral ; sulphate of barytes ; heavy spar.
BAR'RA, n. In Portugal and Spain, a long measure for
cloths. Encyc.
BAR-RA-€A'i)A, n. A fish, about fifteen inches in length,
of a dusky color on the back, and a white belly, with
small black spots.
See Synopsis. A, JZ I, O, tj, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :— t Obsolete.
BAR
73
BAS
f!AR'RA-€AN, n. [It. baracane.] A thick, strong stuff,
somelliiiig like cainelot ; used for clokes, &c
BARRACK, n. [Sp. barraca ; Fr. baraque.] A hut or
house for soldiers, especially in garrison.
BAR RAt)K-ftlA.S''i'iJR, n. The oliicer who superintends
llie barracks of soldiers. Swift.
BAR-RA-€uDA, n. A species offish, of the pike kind.
BAR'RA-TOR, 7t. [Old Fr. fiaraJ.] 1. One who frequently
excites suits at law ; an encourager of litigation. 2. The
master of a ship, who commits any fraud ui the manage-
ment of the ship.
BAR'RA-TRY, n. 1. Tlie practice of exciting and encour-
aging lawsuits and quarrels. — 2. In coimnerce, any species
of cheating or fraud, in a shipmaster, by which the own-
ers or insurers are injured.
BARRED, pp. Fastened with a bar ; hindered ; restrained ;
excluded ; forbid •, striped ; checkered.
BAR'ilEL, n. [W. Fr. baril ; Sp. barril.] 1. A vessel or
cask, of more length than breadth, round, and bulging in
the middle, made of staves and lieading, and bound with
hoops. 2. The quantity wiiicli a barrel contains. 3. Any
tiling hollow and long, as the barrel of a gun ; a tube.
4. A cylinder. 5. A cavity behind the tympanum of the
ear is called the barrel uftlie ear.
BAR'REL, V. t. To put in a barrel ; to pack in a barrel.
BAli'llEL-BEL'LiED, a. Having a large belly.
BAR'RELED, pp. Put or packed in a barrel.
BAR RELED, a. Having a barrel or tube.
BAR'REL-ING, ppr. Putting or packing in a barrel.
BARREN, a. 1. Not producing young, or offspring ; ap-
plied tu animals. 2. Not producing plants ; unfruitful ;
steril ; not fertile ; or producing little ; unproductive. 3.
Not producing the usual fruit ; applied tu trees, Si^c. 4.
Not copious ; scanty. 5. Not containing useful or enter-
taining ideas. 6. Unmeaning; uninventive ; dull. 7.
Unproductive ; not inventive.
BAR REN, n. 1. In the states west of the .Alleghany Moun-
tains, a word used to denote a tract of land, rising a i'aw
feet above the level of a plain, and producing trees and
grass. Mwater. 2. Any unproductive tract of land.
Drayton.
BAR'REN-LY, adv. Unfruitflilly.
BAR'REN-NESS, «. 1. The quality of not producing its
kind ; want of the power of conception. 2. Unfruitful-
ness ; sterility ; infertility. 3. Want of invention ; want
of the power of producing any thing new. 4. Want of
matter 5 scantiness. 5. Defect of emotion, sensibility, or
fervency. Taylor.
BARREN-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Of a poor spirit. Shall.
BAR'REN-WoRT, n. A plant, constituting the genus epi-
medium.
BARR'FUL, a. Full of obstructions. Shah.
BAR-R1-€ADE', n. [Fr. barricade.] 1. A fortification made
in haste, of trees and earth, in order to obstruct the prog-
ress of an enemy. 2. Any bar or obstruction ; that
which defends.
BAR-R1-€aDE', v.t. 1. To stop up a passage ; to obstruct.
2. To fortify with any slight work that prevents the ap-
proach of an enemy.
BAR-RI-Ca'DO. The same as barricade.
BAR'RI-ER, M. [Yx. barrier e.] 1. In fortification, d.l&inA of
fence made in a passage. Encyc. 2. A wall for defense.
3. A fortress or fortified town on th* frontier of a country.
4. Any obstruction ; any thing which confines, or which
hinders approach, or attack. 5. A bar to mark the limits
of a place ; any limit, or boundary ; a line of separation.
BARR'ING, vpr. Making fast with a bar ; obstructing ; ex-
cluding ; preventing ; prohibiting ; crossing with stripes.
BARR'ING-OUT, n. Exclusion of a person from a place ;
a boyish sport at Christmas. Swift.
BAR'RIS-TER, n. A counselor, learned in the laws, qual-
ified and admitted to plead at the bar.
BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. bp.rejce.'] 1. A light, small carriage.
A hand-harroto is a frame covered in the middle with
boards, and borne by and between two men. A wheel-
barroin is a frame with a box, supported by one wheel,
and rolled by a single man. 2. A wicker case, in salt
works, where the salt is put to drain.
BAR'RoW, 71. [Fax. bcrcra, or beorgh.] 1. In England, a
hog ; and, according to j^sh, obsolete. Barroio grease is
hog's lard. — 2. In America, a male hog castrated ; award
in co'rn mon use.
BAR'EoW,Ti. [^^LT.. beara,ox bearewe.] In the names of
places, barrow is used to signify a wood or grove.
BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. beorg.] A hillock, or mound ot earth,
intended as a repository of tlie dead.
BAR.SE, n. An English name for the common percli.
BaR'SHOT, n. Double-headed shot, consisting of a bar,
with a half ball or round head at eacii end.
BAR'TER,?; I. [Sp. /^amtar.] To traffick or trade, by ex-
changing one commodity for another.
BAR'TER, v. t. Togiveonethingforanother in commerce.
BAR'TER, n. The act or practice of trafficking by exchange
of commodities.
BAR'TERED, pp. Given in exchange
BAR'TER-ER, n One who trafficks ty exchange of rom-
modities
BAR'TER-ING,;.7;?-. Trafficking or trading by an exchange
of commodities.
t BAR'TER-Y, n. Exchange of commodities in trade.
BAR-THOL'0-MEW-TIDE, n. The term near St. Barthol-
omew's day. Shak.
BAR'TON, ?t. [Sax.6ere-io7i.] The demain lands of a man-
or ; the manor itself, and sometimes the out-houses.
BAR'TRAM, n. [L. pyrethrum.] A plant ; pellitory.
BAR-Y-STRON'TIAN-ITE, n. [Gr. /b'apuf, and strontian.]
A mineral, called also stromnite, from Stromness, in Ork-
ney^
BA-RY'TA, n. The earth of barytes in a purified state.
BA-RY'TES, 71. [Gr. j8up?, heavy ; ^apvTijs, weight.] Pon
derous earth ; the heaviest of earthy substances. It is an
oxyd of a metallic substance called barium.
BA-RYT'I€, a. Pertaining to barytes ; formed of barytes,
or containing it. Kirwan.
BAR'Y-TO-€AL'CITE, n. A mixture of carbonate of lime
with sulphate of barytes, of a dark, or light-gray color, of
various forms.
BAR'Y-TONE, a. [Gr. /?aj3ii? and Tovog.] Pertaining to, or
noting a grave, deep sound, or male voice. Walker.
BAR'Y-TONE, n. 1. In music, a male voice, the compass
of which partakes of the common base and the tenor. — 9.
In Greek grammar, a verb which has no accent marked
on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood.
Ba'SAL, a. Pertaining to the base ; constituting the base.
Say.
BA-SALT', n. A dark, grayish-black mineral or stone,
sometimes bluish or brownish-black, and, when withered,
the surface is grayish or reddish-brown.
BA-SAL'TES, n. A kind of stoi.e, of the hardness and color
of iron, which is found in perpendicular blocks.
BA-SALT'ie, a. Pertaining to basalt ; formed of or con-
taining basalt.
BA-SALT' I- FORM, a. In the form of basalt ; columnar.
BA-SA.LT'INE, 7). ]. Basaltic hornblend ; a variety of com-
mon hornblend, so called from its being often found in
basalt. 2. A column of basalt.
BAS'A-NiTE, 77. [Gr. ^aaavoi.] Lydian stone, or black
jasper ; a variety of siliceous or flinty slate.
BASE, a. [Fr. bas, low ; W. bas ; It. basso.] 1. Low in
place. [Ofc.] Spenser. 2. Mean ; vile ; worthless ; that is
loio in value or estimation ; used of things. 3. Of low
station ; of mean account ; without rank, dignity, or esti-
mation among men ; used of persons. 4. Of mean spirit ;
disingenuous ; illiberal ; low ; without dignity of senti-
ment. 5. Of little comparative value ; applied to metals
6. Deep ; grave ; applied to sounds. 7. Of illegitimate
birth; born out of wedlock. Shak. 8. Not held by honor-
able tenure.
BASE, n. [Gr. ^aai(; ; L. basis.] 1. The bottom of any
thing, considered as its support, or the part of a thing on
which it stands or rests. — In architecture, the base of a
pillar properly is that part which is between the top of a
pedestal and the bottom of the shaft. Encyc. 2. The part
of any ornament which hangs down, as housings. 3.
The broad part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone. 4.
The place from which racers or tillers start ; the bottom
of the field ; the starting post. 5. The lowest or gravest
part in inusic. 6. A rustic play, called also bajjs, or prison
bars. — 7. In geometry, the lowest side of the perimeter
of a figure.— 8. In chemistry, any body which is dis-
solved by another body, which it receives and fixes. 9.
Thorough base, in music, is the part performed with base
viols or theorbos, while the voices sing, and other instiu-
ments perform their parts.
BASE, V. t. 1. To embase ; to reduce the value by the ad-
mixture of meaner metals. {Little used.] Bacon. 2. To
found ; to lay the base or foundation. Edinburgh Review.
BaSE'-BORN, a. 1. Born out of wedlock. 2. Born of low
parentage. 3. Vile ; mean.
BaSE'-GcURT, 7/. [Fr. basse-cour.] The back yard, op-
posed to the chief court in front of a house ; the farm yard.
BASED, pp. Reduced in value ; founded.
BaSE'LESS, a. Without a base ; having no foundation, ot
support.
BaSE'LY, adv. 1. In a base manner ; meanly ; dishonora-
bly. 2. Illegitimately ; in bastardy.
BaSE'MENT, 77. In architecture, the ground floor, on
which the order, or columns which decorate the principal
story, are placed.
BaSE'-MIND-ED, a. Of a low spirit or mind ; mean.
BaSE'-MTND'ED-NESS, n. Meanness of spirit.
BaSE'NESS, 77. 1. Meanness; vileness ; -worthlessness.
2. Vileness of metal ; the quality of being of little com-
parative value. 3. Bastardy ; illegitimacy of birth. 4.
Deepness of sound.
BaSE'NET, 7?=, A helmet. Spenser.
BaSE'-STRING, n. The lowest note. Shak
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tJiis. j Obsolete
BAS
74
BAS
BaSE'-VI-OL, n. A musical instrument, used for playing
the base, or gravest part. See Bass-Viol.
BASH, V. i. [Heb. V\2-] To be ashamed 5 to be confounded
with shame. Spenser.
BA-SHAW', n. [Ar. baska ; Pers. pasha; Sp. baxa ; It.
bascia ; Turlc. basch. — It sliould be written and pro-
nounced pashaic] ]. A title of honor in the Turkish do-
minions ; appropriately, the title of the prime vizier, but
given to viceroys, or governors of provinces, and to gen-
erals, and other men of distinction. 2. A proud, tyranni-
cal, overbearing man.
BASfi'FUL, a. 1. Properly, having a downcast look ;
hence, very modest. 2. Modest to excess ; sheepish. 3.
Exciting shame.
BASHFUL-LY. adv. Very modestly ; in a timorous man-
ner.
BASH'FUL-NESS, 71. 1. Excessive or extreme modesty •, a
quality of mind often visible in external appearance, as
in blushing, a downcast look, confusion, <Scc. 2. Vicious
or rustic shame.
BASFI'LESy, a. Shameless ; unblushing. Spenser.
BAS'lL, n. The slope or angle of a tool or instrument, as of
a chisel or plane.
BAS'lL, V. t. To grind or form the edge of a tool to an an-
gle.
BAS'IL, n. [Fr. basilic ; It. basilico.] A plant of the genus
ocytnum.
BAS'IL, n. The skin of a sheep tanned ; written also
basan.
BA3'IL-WEED, n. Wild basil, a plant of the genus clino-
podium. Muhlenburg.
BAS'l-TiAR, )a. [See Basilic] Chief; an anatomical
BAS'I-LA-RY, \ term applied to several bones, and to an
artery of the brain. — Basilian monks, monks of the order
of St. Basil.
BAS'I-LI€, n. [Gr. ^aaiXiKr].] Anciently, a public hall, or
court of judicature, where princes and magistrates sat to
administer justice.
BAS'I-LI€, n. The middle vein of the arm, or the interior
branch of the axillary vein.
BAS'I-Lie, )a 1. Belonging to the middle vein of the
BA-S1L'I-€AL, \ arm 2. Noting a particular nut, the
walnut. 3. Being ia the manner of a public edifice, or
catliedral.
BA-SIL'I-eON, n. [Gr. /^ao-tXtKo?.] An ointment.
BAS'I-LISK, n. [Gr. ^aaLKiaKus.] 1. A fabulous serpent,
called a cockatrice. — 2. In military affairs, a large piece
of ordnance, so called from its supposed resemblance to
the serpent of that name, or from its size.
BA'SIN, (ba'sn) n. [Fr. bassin.'] 1. A hollow vessel or
dish, to hold water for washing, and for various other
uses. — 2. In hydraulics, any reservoir of water. 3. That
which resembles a basin in containing water, as a pond.
— 4. Aniung trlass irrindcrs, a concave piece of metal, by
which convex glasses are formed. — 5. Among hatters, a
large shell or case, usually of iron, placed over a furnace,
in which the hat is molded into due shape. — 6. In anato-
tny, a round cavity between th'^ anterior ventricles of
the brain. 7. The scale of a balance, when hollow and
round.
BA'SIiVED, a. Inclosed in a basin. Youncr.
Ba'SIS, n. ; plu. Bases. [L.] 1. The foundation of any
thing ; that on which a thing stands or lies •, the bottom
or foot of the thing itself, or that on which it rests. [See
Base.] 2. The ground-work, or first principle ; that
which supports. 3. Foundation ; support. 4, Basis, in
chemistry. See Base.
BASK, V. i. To lie in warmth ; to be exposed to genial
heat 5 to be at ease and thriving under benign influences.
BaSK, v. t. To warm by continued exposure to heat ; to
warm with genial heat. Dryden.
BASKED, pp. Exposed to warmth, or genial heat.
BAS'KET, n. [W. basged, or bas/awd.] 1. A domestic ves-
sel made of twigs, rushes, splinters, or other flexible
things interwoven. 2 The contents of a basket ; as
n uch as a basket will contain.
BAS'KET, V. t. To put in a basket. Cowper.
BASKET-FISH, n. A species of sea-star, or star-fish.
BAS'KET-HILT, n. A hilt which covers the hand, and
defends it from injury, as of a sword.
BASKET-HILT-ED, a. Having a hilt of basket-work.
BAS'KET-SALT, n. Salt made from salt-springs.
BAS'KET-WOM-AN, n. A woman who carries a basket to
and from market.
DASK'ING, ppr. Exposing or lying exposed to the continu-
ed action of heat or genial warmth.
BASK'ING-SHARK, n. The sun-fish of the Irish.
BAS'aUISH, (b-as'kish) a. Pertaining to the people or lan-
guage of Biscay.
BASS, n. [It has no plural.] The name of several species
of fish.
BASS, n. 1. The linden, lime, ortiel tree ; called also bass-
wood. 2. [pron. bas.] A mat to kneel on in churches.
BaSS, 71. In music, the base ; the deepest or gravest part of
a tune. This word is tlius written, in imitation of the
Italian basso, which is the Eng. base, low ; yet with the
pronunciation of base and plural bases ; a gross error that
ouglit to be corrected ; as the word used in pronunciation
is the English word base,
BaSS, v. t. To sound in a deep tone. Shak.
BaSS-RE-L1kF', n. In English, base-relief. [It. basso and
relievo.'] Sculpture, whose figures do not stand out far
from the ground or plane on wliich they are formed
When figures do not protuberale so as to exhibit the en-
tire body, they are said to be done in relief; ai.d when
they are low, flat, or little raised from the plane, the work
is said to be in low relief. When the figures are so raised
as to be well distinguished, iJiey are said to be bold,
strong,_ox high, alto relieco. See Relief.
BaSS'-Vi-OL, ??. A musical instrument, used for playing
the bass or gravest part.
BAS'SA. See Bashaw.
BAS'SET, 71. [Fr. bassette.] A game at cards.
BAS'SET, V. i. Among coal diggers, to incline upwards.
BAS'SET-ING, ppr. Having a direction upwards.
BAS'SET-ING, n. The upward direction of a vein in a coal
mine.
BAS'SO-€ON-CER-TAN'TE, in music, is the base of the lit-
tle chorus, or that which plays throughout the whole piece.
BAS'SO-€Ox^^-TIN'U-0. Thorough base, which see under
Base, _
BAS'SO-RE-PIE'NO is the base of the grand chorus, which
plays only occasionally, or in particular parts.
BAS'SO-RE-LIE'VO, See Bass-relief.
BAS'SO-VI-0-Li'NO is the base of the base-viol.
BAS'SOCK, n. The same as bass, a mat.
BAS-SOON', n. [Fr. basson.] A musical wind instrument,
blown with a reed, and furnished with eleven holes,
which are stopped as in other large flutes.
BAS-SOON'IST, n. A performer on the bassoon.
BAST, 71. A rope, or cord, made of the bark of the lime-
tree or linden.
BAS'TARD, 71. [Arm. bastard ; Ir. basdard ; Fr. b&tard.]
A natural child •, a child begotten and born out of wed
lock ; an illegitimate or spurious child.
t BAS'TARD, 71. A kind of sweet wine. Shak.
BAS'TARD, a. I. Begotten and born out of lawful matri-
mony ; illegitimate. 2. Spurious ; not genuine ; false ;
supposititious ; adulterate.
BAS'TARD, V. t. To make or determine to be a bastard.
BAS'TARD-ISM, 71. The state of a bastard.
BA3'TARD-lZE, v. t. 1. To make or prove to be a bastard ;
to convict of being a bastard ; to declare legally, or decide
a person to be illegitimate. 2. To beget a bastard. Shak.
BAS'TARD-LY, adv. In the manner of a bastard ; spuri-
ously. Donne.
BAS'TARD-LY, a. Spurious. Bp. Taylor.
BAS'TARDS. An appellation given to a faction or troop of
bandits, who ravaged Guienne, in France, in the 14th cen-
tury.
BAS'TARD-Y, n. A state of being a bastard, which condi-
tion disables the person from inheriting an estate.
BAS-TARN'I€, a. Pertaining to the Eastarnce.—Bastarnic
Alps, the Carpathian mountains, so called from the an-
cient inhabitants, the Bastarnce.
BASTE, V. t. [Arm. baz ; Fr. baton.] 1. To beat with a
stick. 2. To drip butter or fat upon meat, as it turns upon
tlie spit, in roasting ; to moisten with fat or other liquid.
BASTE, ?'. t. [Sp. bastear.] To sew with long stitches ; to
sew slightly.
BASTED, pp. Beat with a stick ; moistened with fat or
other matter in roasting ; sewed together with long
stitches, or slightly.
t BaST'ER, n. A blow with a stick or other weapon. Wag-
stafe.
BAS'TILE, w. [Fr. b&tir, bastir.] An old castle in Paris,
built between 1369 and 1383, used as a state prison. It
was demolished in 1789.
t BAS-TtMENn^O, i ''• ^^^^ ^'^^ ^''^timent.] A rampart.
BAS-TI-NaDE', orBAS-TI-NA'DO, 7?. [Fr. bastonnade.] A
sound beating with a stick or cudgel ; the blows given
witli a stick or staff. A punishment in use among the
Turks, of beating an offender on the soles of his feet.
BAS-TI-NA'DO' I '"' *" ^^ beat with a stick or cudgel.
BaST'ING, ppr. Beating with a stick ; moistening with
dripping ; sewing together with long stitches.
BaST'ING, n. A beating with a stick ; a moistening with
dripping ; a sewing together slightly, with long stitches.
BAS'TION, (bas'chun) n. [Fr. and Sp. bastion.] A huge
mass of earth , usually faced with sods, sometimes with
brick or stones, standing ouj; from a rampart, of which it
is a principal part ; formerly called a bulwark,
BAS'TO, 7!. The ace of clubs at quadrille.
BAS'TON, or BA-TOON', n. In architecture, a round mold-
ing in the base of a column ; called also a tore
* See Fiyvopsis. A, E, T, O, u, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
BAT
75
BAW
BAT, n. [Sax. bat.] 1. A heavy stick or club. 2. Bat or
bate, a small copper coin of Germany. 3. A term giveoi
by miners to sliiile, or bituminous slial*:;.
BAT, u. i. To manage a bat, or play witn one.
BAT, n, A race of quadrupeds, tecimically called vesper-
tUiti, of the order primates, in Linne's system. The fore
feet Jiave the toes connected by a membtane, expanded
into a kind of wings, by means of which the animals fly.
The species are numerous.
BAT'-FOWL-ER, n. One who practices or is pleased
with bat-fowling. Barrington.
BAT-FOWL-ING, -ft, A mode of catching birds at night,
by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or
perch where they roost.
Ba'TA-BLE, a. Disputable.
BA-Ta'TAS, n. A species of tick or mite.
BA-Ta'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Holland, or the isle of
Betaw in Holland.
BA-Ta'VI-AN, n. A native of Betaw, or Holland.
BATCH, 11. [D. bakzel.] 1. The quantity of bread baked
at one time ; a baking of bread. 2. Any quantity of a
thing made at once, or so united as to have like qualities.
BATCH E-LOR. See Bachelor.
BATE, n. [Sax. bate.] Strife ■, contention ; retained in
make-bate. [Bate, with its derivatives, is little used.]
BATE, V. t. [Fr. battre.] To lessen by retrenching, de-
ducting or reducing. We now use abate.
BATE, V. i. To grow or become less ; to remit or retrench
a part. Dryden.
t BaTE'-BREED-TNG, a. Breeding strife. Shak.
BaTE'FUL, a. Contentitus ; given to strife.
BaTE'LESS, a. Not to be abated. Shak.
BaTE'MENT,?i. Abatement ; deduction ; diminution.
BA-TEAU', (bat-to') n. [Fr.l A light boat, long in propor-
tion to its breadth, and wider in the middle than at the
ends.
BAT'EN-lTES, BAT'EN-ISTS, or BA-Te'NI-ANS, n. A
sect of apostates from Mohammedism.
tBATFUIi, a. Rich, fertile, as land. Mason.
BATH, ?t. [Bax. bmth, batho.] 1. A place for bathing; a
vat or receptacle of water for persons to plunge or wash
their bodies in, and is either warm or cold. 2. A place in
which heat is applied to a body immersed in some sub-
stance. 3. A house for bathing. 4. A Hebrew meas-
ure containing the tenth of a homer, or seven gallons and
four pints, as a measure for liquids ; and three pecks and
three pints, as a dry measure.
BaTH'-ROOM, n. An apartment for bathing.
BATHE, V. t. [Sax. bathian.] 1. To wash the body, or
some part of it, by immersion, as in a bath. 2. To wash
or moisten, for the purpose of making soft and supple, or
for cleansing, as a wound. 3. To moisten or suffuse with
a liquid.
BATHE, V. i. To be or lie in a bath ; to be in water or in
otiier liquid, or to be immersed in a fluid.
BATHED, pp. Washed as in a bath ; moistened with a li-
quid ; bedewed.
BaTH'ER, n. One who bathes.
BATfl'fNG, ppr. Washing by immersion, or by applying a
liquid ; moistening ; fomenting.
BATK'iNG, 71. The act of bathing, or washing the body in
w'lter. Mason.
BaTH'ING-TUB, n. A vessel for bathing.
Ba'THOS, n. [Gr. iSadog.] The art of sinking in poetry.
.^rbut'inot.
BaTT NG, ppr. Abating ; taking away ; deducting ; ex-
cepting. Locke.
BAT'fN-IST. See Batenites.
BAT'IST, n. A fine linen cloth.
BAT' LET, n. A small bat, or square piece of wood with a
handle, for beating linen.
BAT'MAN, n. A weight used in Smyrna.
BA-TOON , or BAT'ON, n. [Fr. baton.] A staff or club ; a
marshal's staff; a truncheon ; aljadge of military honors.
BATRA-CHITE, n. [Gr. (Sar^axos-] A fossil or stone, in
color resembling a frog.
BATiRA-€HOM-Y-OM'A-€HY, n. [Gr. ^arpaxos, [xv?,
and i^iaxv-] The battle between tlie frogs and mice ; a
burlesque poem ascribed to Homer.
BA-TRa'CIAN, a. [Gr. (Sarpaxos-] Pertaining to frogs ;
an epithet designating an order of animals, including
frogs, Jtoads, &c.
BA-TRA'ClAN,n. An animal of the order above mentioned.
t BAT'TA-BLE, a. Capable of cultivation.
t BAT'TAI-LANT, n. A combatant. Shelton.
BAT'TAI-LOUS, a. Warlike ; having the form or appear-
ance of an army arrayed for battle.
BAT-TaL'IA, (bal tale ya) n. [Sp. batalla.] 1. The or-
der of battle ; troops arrayed in their proper brigades,
regiments, battalions, &c., as for action. 2. The main
body of <in armv in array, distinguished from the wings.
BAT-TAL'fON, n. [Fr. bataillon.] A body of infantry,
consisting of from 500 to 800 men.
BAT-TAL'IONED, a. Formed into battalions. Barlow.
BAT'TEL, ri. [See Battle.] In law, wager of battel, n
species of trial for tlie decision of causes between parties
BAT'TEL, ?;.i. 1. To grow fat. [06s.] 2. 'Jo stand indebted
in the college books at Oxford, for provisions and drink.
from the buttery. Hence, a batteler answers to a sizer at
Cambridge
BAl'iTEL, II. An account of the expenses of a student at
Oxford.
t BAT'TEL, a. Fertile ; fruitful. Hooker.
BAT'TLER^*^' ( ''• ^ student at Oxford.
t BAT'TE-MEJMT, n. [Fr.] A beating ; striking ; impulse.
BAT'TEN, (bat'tn) v. t. 1. To fatten; to make fat; to
make plump by plenteous feeding. 2. To fertilize or en-
rich land.
BAT'TEN, V. i. To grow or become fat ; to live in luxury,
or to grow fat in ease and luxury.
BAT'TEN, 71. Apiece of board or scantling, of a few inches
in breadth, used in making doors and windows.
BAT'TEN, V. t. To form with battens.
BAT'TER, V. t. [Fr. battre.] 1. To beat with successive
blows ; to beat with violence, so as to bruise, shake, or
demolish. 2. To wear or impair with beating.
BAT'TER, V. i. To swell, bulge, or stand out, as a timber
or side of a wall from its foundation.
BAT'TER, 71. A mixture of several ingredients, as flour,
eggs, salt, &c., beaten together with some liquor, used in
cookery.
BAT'TERED, pp. Beaten ; bruised, broken, impaired by
beating or wearing.
BAT'TER-ER, n. One who batters or beats.
BAT'TER-ING, ppr. Beating ; dashing against ; bruising
or demolishing by beating.
BAT'TER-iNG-RAM, n. In antiquity, a military engine
used to beat down the walls of besieged places.
BAT'TER-Y, 7?. [Fr. batterie.] 1. The act of battering or
beating. 2. The instrument of battering. — 3. In the /»?/-
itary art, a parapet thrown up to cover the gunners, and
others employed about them, from the enemy's shot, with
the guns employed. — 4. In law, the unlawful beating of
another. — 5. Electrical battery, a number of coated jars
placed in such a manner, that they may be charged at the
same time, and discharged in the same manner. — 6. Oal-
vanic battery, a pile or series of plates, of copper and
zink, or of any substances susceptible of galvanic action.
BAT'TING, n. The management of a bal play.
BAT'TISH, a. Resembling a bat. Vernon.
BAT'TLE, n. [Fr. bataille.] 1. A fight, or encounter be-
tween enemies, or opposing armies ; an engagement. 2.
A body of forces, or division of an army. — 9 pitchzd bat-
tle is one in which the armies are previously drawn up in
form.
BAT'TLE, V. i. [Fr. batailler ; Sp. batallar.] To join in
battle ; to contend in fight.
BAT'TLE, V. t. To cover with armed force.
BAT TLE-AR-RaY', n. Array or order of battle ; the dis-
position of forces preparatory to a battle.
BAT'TLE-AX, I n. An axe anciently used as a weapon
BAT'TLE-AXE, \ of war.
BAT'TLE-DoOR, (bat'tl-dore) n. 1. An instrument of
play, with a handle and a flat board or palm, used to
strike a ball or shuttle-cock ; a racket. 2. A child's horn-
book. [J\,''ot in use in V. S.]
BAT'TLE-MENT, n. A v/all raised on a building with
openings or embrasures, or the embrasure itself.
BA i TLE-MENT-ED, a. Secured by battlements.
BA T'TLING, v. Conflict. Thomson.
BAT-TOI.'0-6lST, n. One that repeats the same thing in
speaking or writing. [Little used.]
BAT-TOL'0-GlZE, v. t. To repeat needlessly the same
thing. Herbert. [Little used.]
BAT-T0L'0-6Y, 7t. [Gr. (^arroXoyia.] A needless repeti
tion of words in speaking.
BAT'TON, n. In commerce, pieces of wood or deal for floor-
ing or other purposes.
BAT'TO-RY, n. Among the Hanse-Towns, a factory or mag-
azine in foreign countries.
BAT'TU-LATE, v. t. To interdict commerce.
BAT-TU-LaTION, n. A prohibition of commerce.
BAT'TY, a. Belonging to a bat. Skak.
BATZ, 77. A small copper coin with a mixture of silver.
BAU-BEE', 7i. In Scotland and the JVorlh of England, a
half-penny.
BAU'BLE. See Bawble.
BAUGE, v. a drugget manufactured in Burgun<ly, viiih
thread spun thick, and of cttarse wool.
BAULK. See Balk.
BAV'A-ROY, 77. A kind of cloke or surtout.
BAVIN, 7(. A stick like those bound up in fagots ; a piece
of waste wood. — In war, fagots.
BAW'BLE, 71. [Fr. babiole.] A trifling piece nf finery ; a
gewgaw ; that which is gay or showy without real
value.
» See Synopsis, MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
BEA
76
BEA
t BAWB'LfNG, a Trifling ; contemptible. Shak.
B,VVV'-€OCK, n. A fine fellow. Shak.
VA.\WD,n. A procure.- or procuress. A person who keeps
a house of prostitution, and conducts criminal intrigues.
BAWu, v. i. ] To procure ; to provide women for lewd
purposes. 2. To foul or dirty. [ ^^ut in iwe.] Skelton.
BAWD'-BORN, a. Descended from a bawd. Shak.
BAWD'I-LY. adv. Obscenely •, lewdly.
BAWD'I-.NESS, n. Obscenity ; lewdness.
BAWB'KICK, 71. [See Baldrick.] A belt. Chapman.
BAWD'RY, n. 1. The practice of procuring women for the
gratification of lust. 2. Obscenity ; filthVj unchaste lan-
guage.
BAWD'Y, a. Obscene 5 filthy; unchaste.
BAWD'Y-HOUSE, n. A house of prostitution.
BAWL, V. i. [Sax. bellan.] To cry out with a loudj full
sound ; to hoot ; to cry loud, as achild.
BAWL, r. t. To proclaim by outcry, as a common crier.
BA^VLED, pp. Proclaimed by outcry.
BAWL-ER, n. One who bawls. Echard.
BAWL iXG, p;?r. Crying aloud.
BAWLING, n. The act of crying with a loud sound.
g'^^^y"^-' I V. t. To adorn ; to dress. Westmoreland. Eng.
t BAWJV, 71. An inclosure with mud or stone walls for
keeoing cattle ; a fortification.
BAW'REL, n. A kind of hawk. Todd.
BA \V'Sr_X, 71. A badger. B. Jonson.
BAX-Te'RLAX. a. Pertaining to Barter.
BAY. a. [Fr. bai or bale.] Red, or reddish, inclining to a
che&tnut color ; applied to the color of horses.
BAY, n. [Fr. baie ; !?p. Port, bahia.] 1. An arm of the sea,
extending into the land, not of any definite form, but
smaller than a gulf, and larger than a creek. 2. A pond-
head, or a pond formed by a dam, for the purpose of driv-
ing mill-wheels. — 3. In a barn, a place between the floor
and the end of the building, or a low, inclosed place, for
depositing hay. — 4. In ships of isar, that part on each side
between decks, which lies^between the bitts. 5. Any kind
of opening in walls.
BAY, n. l."'The laurel-tree. 2. Bays, In the plural, an hon-
orary garland or crown, bestowed as a prize for victory,
anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel. —
3. In some parts of the U. States, a tract of land covered
with bay -trees. Drayton.
BAY, n. [Goth, beidan.] A state of expectation, watching
or looking for ; as, to keep a man at bay.
BAY, V. i. [Fr. aboyer ; It. baiare.] 1. To bark, as a dog at
his game. Spenser. 2. To encompass, or inclose, from
^:ay. We now use embay.
BAY, V. t. To bark at ; to follow with barking.
BaY'-SALT is salt which crystalizes or receives its con-
sistence from the heat of thesun or action of the air.
BaY'- WIN-DOW, 71. A window jutting out from the wa41,
as in shops.
BaY'-YARX, 7?. A denomination sometimes used promis-
cuously with woolen yarn. Chambers.
BaY'ARD, 7!. 1. A bay horse. Philips. 2. An unmannerly
beholder. B. Jonson.
BaY'ARD-LY, a. Blind; stupid. Taylor.
BaYED, a. Having baj^s, as a building.
BaY'0-XET, n. [Fr. haionctte ; Sp. hayoneta ; It. baionct-
ta : so called, it is said, because the first bayonets were
made at Bayonne.] A short, pointed, broad dagger, fixed
at the end of a musket.
BaYO-XET, v. t. 1. To stab with a bayonet. 2. To com-
pel or drive bv the bayonet. Burke.
BAYS, or BAYZE. See Baize.
BA-ZaR', ?i. [Pers. ; Russ. bazari.] Among the Turlts and
Persians, an exchange, market-place, or place where
goods are exposed to sale.
BAZ'AT, or BAZ'A, n. A long, fine-spun cotton, from Jeru-
salem, whence it is called Jerusalem cotton.
BDELL'tUM, (del'yum) n. [L.] A gummy, resinous juice,
produced by a tree in the East Indies.
BE, V. i. substantive : ppr. beina- : pp. been. [Sax. beoii : G.
bin, bist : D. ben.] 1. To be' fixed ; to exist; to have a
real state or existence. 2. To be made to be ; to become.
3. To remain. This verb is used as an auxiliary in form-
ing the tenses of other verbs, and particularly in giving to
tb.em the passive foim.— Let be is to omit, or to let alone.
BE, a prefix, as in because, before, beset, bedeck, is the same
word as by ; Sax. be, bia- ; Goth. bi. It denotes nearness,
closeness, about, on, at, from some root signifying to pass
; r to press.
BEACH, 7i. The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is
washed by the '.:de and waves ; the strand.
Be \CH ED, a. Exposed to the waves ; washed by the tide
and waves Shak.
PeACH'Y, a. Having a beach or beaches. Shak.
BkA'COX, (be kn) 77. [Sax. beacen, becen.] 1. A signal
erected on a long pole, upon an eminence, consisting of a
pitch barrel, or some combustible matter, to be fired at
night, or to cause a smoke by day, to make known the ap-
proach of an enemy. 2. Alight-house. 3. Figuratively
that which gives notice of danger.
BeA€OX, v. t. To afi"c)rd light as a beacon ; to light up.
BeA'€OX-AGE, i^bS kn-aje) n. Money paid for the mainte-
nance of a beacon. Encyc. Ash.
BEAD, n. [Ger. bethe ; Sax. bead.] 1. A little perforated
ball, to be stning on a thread, and worn about the neck,
for ornament. 2. Any small globular body. — 3. In archi-
tecture, a round molding.
BeAD'-MA-KER, 77. One who makes beads.
BeAD'-PROOF, a. Spirit is bead-proof, when, after shak-
mg, a crown of bubbles will stand on the surface.
Bead -Roll, n. Among Catholics, a list or catalogue of
persons, for the rest of whose souls they are to repeat a
certain number of prayers, which they count by their
beads.
BeAD'-TREE, n. The azedarach, a species of melia.
BeADS'-MAX, 71. A man employed in praying, generally
m praying for another.
BeADS'-WOM'AX', 71. A praying woman ; a woman who
resides in an alms-house. Ash.
BeA'DLE, n. [Sax. bydel, or bcedel.] 1. A messenger or cri-
er of a court ; a servitor ; one who cites persons to appear
and answer. 2. An oflicer in a university, whose chief
business is to walk with a mace, before the masters, in a
public procession ; or, as in America, before the president,
trustees, faculty and students of a college. 3. A parish
oflicer, whose business is to punish petty ofienders.
BeA'DLE-SHIP, n. The office of a beadle.
BeA'GLE, n. [Fr. bia-le.] A small hound, or hunting dog.
BEAK, n. [D. bek.] I. The bill or nib of a bird. 2. A
pointed piece of wood, fortified with brass, resembling a
beak, fastened to the end of ancient galleys, intended to
pierce the vessels of an enemy. 3. -A^ny thing ending in
a point, like a beak. This, in America, is more generally
pronounced peak.
BEAK, V. t. Among rock-fighters, to take hold with the beak,
BeAK'ED, a. Having a beak ; ending in a point, like a
beak.
BeAK'ER, 7!^ [Ger. becher.] A cup or glass.
BEAK'l-ROX,"(beek'I-um) n. A bickern ; an iron tool,
ending in a point, used by blacksmiths.
BEAL, n. A pimple ; a whelk ; a small inflammatory tu-
mor ; a pustule.
BEAL, V. i. To gather matter ; to swell and come to a head,
as a nimple.
t BE-ALL, n. All that is to be done. Shak.
BEAM, V. [Sax. beam.] 1. The largest, or a principal piece
in a building, that lies across the walls, and serves to sup-
port the principal rafters. 2. Any large piece of timber.
3. The part of a balance, from the ends of which the
scales are suspended. 4. The part on the head of a stag,
which bears the antlers, royals and tops. 5. The pole of
a carriage, which runs between the horses. 6. A cylinder
of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind
the warp before weaving ; and this name is given also to
the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is wove.
7. The straight part or shank of an anchor. — 8. In ships,
a great, main, cross timber, which holds the sides of a ship
from falling together. 9. The main piece of a plow, in
which the plow-tails are fixed, and by which it is drawn.
BeAM'-BiRD, n. In Yorkshire, England, the petty chaps,
a species of motacilla. The spotted fly-catcher, a species
of muscicapa. Ed. Encyc.
BeAM'-TREE, 71. A species of wild-service. The cratcegus
aria.
BEAM, n. [Sax. beam.] A ray of light, emitted from the
sun, or other luminous body.
BEAM, V. t. To send forth ; to emit.
BEAM, V. i. To emit rays of light, or beams ; to shine
BeAM'IXG, ppr. Emitting rays of light, or beams.
BeAM'IXG, n. 1 . Radiation ;" the emission or darting of
Ught in rays. 2. The issumg of intellectual light.
Be AIMLESS, a. Emitting no rays of light.
BeAM'Y, a. 1. Emitting rays of light ; radiant ; shining.
2. Resembling a beam in "size and weight ; massy. 3.
Having horns, or antlers,
BEAX, n. [Sax. bean.] A name given to several kinds of
pulse. The varieties most usually cultivated are, the
horse bean, the mazagan, the kidney bean, the cranberry
bean, the lima bean, the frost bean, &c.
BeAN'-€A-PER, 7!. A plant, a species of zygophyllum, a
native of warm climates.
BeAX'-€0D, n. A small fishing vessel or pilot boat.
Bi5AX'-FED, a. Fed with beans. Shak.
BeAX^'-FLY, 71. A beautiful fly, of a pale purple color
Be AX'-GOOSE, 7! A species of anas, a bird.
Be IX'-TRE-FOIL The cytisus. Fam. of Plants.
BeAX'-TRES-SEL, n. An herb.
BEAR, v.t. pret. bore ; pp. born, borne. [Sax. bceran, beran,
beoran.] 1. To support ; to sustain. 2. To carry ; to con-
vey ; to support and remove from place to place. 3. To
wear ; to bear as a mark of authority or distinction ; as,
to bear a sword. 4. To keep afloat. 5. To support or
* See Syriops^s. a, E, T, O, U, Y, /on^-.— FaR, FAI L, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PrX, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
v^
BEA
sustain without sinking or yielding ; to endure. 6. To
entertain ; to carry in the mind. 7. To suffer ; to under-
go. 8. To suffer without resentment, or interference to
prevent ; to have patience. 9. To admit or be capable of.
10. To bring forth or produce, as the fruit of plants, or the
young of animals. 11. To give birth to, or be the native
place of. 12. To possess and use as power ; to exercise.
13. To gain or win. 14. To carry on, or maintain ; *o
- have. 15. To show or exhibit J to relate. 16. To sustain
the effect, or be answerable for. 17. To sustain, as ex-
pense ; to supply the means of paying. 18. To be the ob-
ject of. 19. To behave 5 to act in any character. Shak.
20. To remove, or to endure the effects of; and, hence, to
give satisfaction for.
To bear off, is to restrain ; to keep from approach ; and, in
seamanship, to remove to a distance. — To bear dcnn, is to
impel or urge ; to overthrow or crush by force. — 7> bear
do/on upon, to press to overtake ; to make all sail to come
up with. — T'o bear hard, is to press or urge. — To bear on,
is to press against ; also, to carry forward, to press, incite
or animate. — To bear through, is to conduct or manage ;
to support. — To bear out, is to maintain and support to
the end ; to defend to the last. — To bear up, to support ;
to keep from falling. — To bear up, to keep afloat. — To bear
date, is to have the mark of time when written or exe-
cuted. — To bear a price, is to have a certain price. — To
bear a hand, in seamanship, is to make haste, be quick.
BEAR, V. i. 1. To suffer, as with pain. 2. To be patient ;
to endure. Dryden. 3. To produce, as fruit ; to be fruit-
ful. 4. To take effect ; to succeed. 5. To act in any
character. 6. To be situated as to the point of com-
pass.
To bear away, in navigation, is to change the course of a
ship, when close hauled, or sailing with a side wind, and
make her run before the wind. To bear up, is used in a
like sense, from the act of bearing up the helm to the
windward. — To bear down, is to drive or tend to. — To
bear in, is to run or tend towards. — To bear up, is to tend
or move towards ; to be supported ; to have fortitude. —
To bear upon, or against, is to lean upon or against. — To
bear against, to a.ppwa.ch for attack or seizure. — To bear
upon, to act upon ; to be pointed or situated so as to affect.
To bear with, to endure what is unpleasing ; to be indul-
gent.
BEJiR'-€LOTH, or BEaR'ING-€LOTH, n. A cloth in
which a new-born cliild is covered when carried to
church to be baptized.
BEAR, n. [Sax. bera ; Ger. bar.] 1. A wild quadruped, of
the genus ursiis. 2. The name of two constellations in
the northern hemisphere, called the greater and lesser
bear. In the tail of the lesser bear is tlie pole-star.
BEaR-BaIT-ING, n. The sport of baiting bears with dogs.
BEaR'-BER-RY, n. A plant, a species of arbutus.
BEaR'-BiND, n. A species of bind-weed.
BEaR'S'-BREECH, n. Brank-ursine, or acanthus, a genus
of plants.
BEaR'S'-EAR, 71. A name of primula auricula.
BEaR'S-EAR SAN'I-€LE, n. A species of cortusa.
BEaR'-FLY, n. An insect. Bacon.
BEaR'S'-FOOT, n. A plant, a species of hellebore.
BEaR'-GAR-DEN^, ?!. A place where bears are kept.
BEaR'-GAR-DEN, a. Rude ; turbulent. Todd.
BEaR'-WHELP, n. The whelp of a bear. Shak.
BEaR'S'-WoRT, 71. A plant. Shak.
* BEARD, (herd) n. [Sax. beard : D. baard.] 1. The hair
that grows on the chin, lips and adjacent parts of the face.
A graij beard, and reverend beard, are terms for old age.
2. ''Beard is sometimes used for the face. 3. The awn, or
sharp prickles on the ears of corn. 4. A barb, or sharp
point of an arrow, or other instrument, bent backward
from the end, to prevent its being easily drawn out. 5.
The beard or chuck of a horse, is that part which bears
the curb of a bridle, underneath the lower mandible and
above the chin. 6. The rays of a comet, emitted towards
that part of the heaven to which its proper motion seems
to direct it.
* BEARD, (herd) v. t. 1. To take by the beard ; to seize,
pluck or pull the beard. 2. To oppose to the face ; to set
at defiance.
*BEARD'ED, (berd'ed) a. 1. Having a beard. 2. Barbed
or jagsred, as an arrow.
* BEARD'ED, (berd'ed) pp. Taken by the beard ; opposed
to the face.
* BEARD'-GRASS, n. A plant, the andropogon.
* BEARD'ING, (berd'ing) ppr. Taking by the beard ; oppos-
ing to the face.
* BEARD'LESS, (berd'less) a. Without a beard ; young ;
not having arrived to manhood.
*BEARD'LESS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being des-
titute of beard.
BEaR'ER, n. [See Bear.] 1, One who bears, sustains, or
carries •, a carrier. 2. One who wears any thing, as a
badge or sword. 3. A tree or plant that yields its fruit.—
4. In architecture, a post or brick wall between the ends
77
BEA
of a piece of timber, to support it. — 5. In heraldry, a.&g\ire
in an achievement, placed hv the side of a shield, and
seeming to support it.
BEaR'HERD, n. A man that tends bears.
BEaR'ING, j>pr. Supporting ; carrying ; producing.
BEAR'ING, n. 1. Gesture ; mien ; behavior ShaK. 2 The
situation of an object, with respect to anoliier object. — 3.
In architecture,\.\\e space between the two fixed exlreuies
of a piece of timber.-— 4. )n na.vigatiun, Ihe situation of a
distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the
bow, on the lee quarter, &.c. — 5. In heraldry, coats of
arms or figures of armories.
BEAR'ISH, a. Partaking of the qualities of a bear.
BEAR'LlKE, a. Resembling a bear. Shak.
BEARN,n. [Sax. beam ; Goth, barn.] A child. In Scot-
land, bairn. Shak.
BEAR' WARD, n. A keeper of bears. Shak.
BEAST, 71. [Tr. Mast,piasd ; Corn, bist ; D. beest ; L. bes-
tia ; Er. bite.] 1. Any four-footed animal, which may be
used for labor, food or sport ; distinguished from fowls,
insects, fishes and man. 2. An irrational animal.—^.
Figuratively, a brutal man. 4. A game at cards. Hence
to beast.
BEAST, v.t A term at cards.
BkAST'INGS. See Biestings.
BeAST'ISH, a. Like a beast ; brutal.
BeAST'LiKE, a. Like a beast ; brutal.
BeAST'LI-NESS, n. Brutality ; coarseness ; vulgarity •,
filthiness ; a practice contrary to the rules of humanity.
BeAST'LY, a. 1. Like a beast •, brutal ; coarse ; filthy. 2.
Having the form or nature of a beast.
t BeAST'LY, ndv. In the manner of a beast.
BEAT, V. t. pret. beat ; pp. beat, beaten. [Sax. beatan.] 1.
To strike repeatedly ; to lay on repeated blows. 2. To
strike an instrument of music ; to play on. 3. To break,
bruise, comminute, or pulverize by beating or pounding.
4. To extend by beating, as gold or other malleable sub-
stance ; or to hammer into any form ; to forge. 5. To
strike bushes ; to shake by beating, 01 to make a noise to
rouse game. 6. To thresh ; to force out corn from the
husk by blows. 7. To break, mix or agitate by beating.
8. To dash or strike, as water ; to strike or brush, as
wind. 9. To tread, as a path. 10. To overcome in a bat-
tle, contest or strife 5 to vanquish or conquer. 11. To har-
ass ; to exercise severely 5 to overlabor.
To beat down, to break, destroy, throw down 5 to press
down. Shak. To lower the price ; to depress or crush.—
To beat back, to compel to retire or return. — To beat into,
to teach or instill.— T'o beat up, to attack suddenly ; to
alarm or disturb. — To beat the wing, to flutter ; to move
with fluttering agitation.— T'o beat off, to repel or drive
back.— T'o beat the hoof, to walk ; to go on foot.— To beat
time, to measure or regulate tune in music by the motion
of the hand or Toot. — To beat out, to extend by hammer-
ing. In popular use, to be beat out, is to be extremely fa-
tigued.
BEAT, V. i. 1. To move with pulsation. 2. To dash with
force, as a storm, flood, passion, &c. 3. To knock at a
door. 4. To fluctuate ; ,0 be in agitation.
T'o beat about, to try to find ; to search by various means or
ways. — To beat upon, to act upon with violence. — T'o beat
up for soldiers, is to go about to enlist men into the army.
— In seamanship, to beat is to make progress against the
direction of the wind by sailing in a zigzag line or trav-
erse. — With hunters, a stag beats up and down, when he
runs first one way and then another.
BEAT, n. 1. A stroke ; a striking •, a blow, whether with
the hand, or with a weapon. 2. A pulsation. 3. The
rise or fall of the hand or foot, in regulating the divisions
of time in music. 4. A transient grace-note in music,
struck immediately before the note it is intended to orna-
ment.
BEAT, ) pp. Struck ; dashed against ; pressed or laid
BeAT'EN, \ down ; hammered ; pounded ; vanquished ;
made smooth by treading ; worn by use ; tracked.
BeAT'ER, 71. l.One who beats, or strikes ; one whose oc-
cupation is to hammer metals. 2. An instrument for
pounding, or comminuting substances.
BeAT'ER-UP, 7?. One who beats for game.
t BEATH, V. t. To bathe. Spenser.
BE-A-TIF'I€, ) a. [L. beatusandfacio.] That has the
BE-A-TIF'T-€AL, \ power to bless or make happy ; used
only of heavenly fruition after death ; as, beatific vision.
BE-A-TIF'I-€AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to com-
plete happiness.
BE-AT-1-FI-€A'TI0N, 71. In the Romish church, an act of
the pope, by which he declares a person beatified or bless
ed after death.
BE-AT'I-FY, v.t. [L.beatiLSKnAfacio.] 1. To make hap
py ; to bless with the completion of celestial enjoyment.
2. In the Romish church, to declare, by a decree or public
act, that a person is rece-ved into heaven, and is to be
reverenced as blessed, though not canonized.
BeAT'ING, ppr. Laying on blows ; striking ; dashing
* See Synopsis. MoVE.BOQK. D6VE-— BTJLL, UNITE easK; 6as J ; S asZ ; CHasSH ; THasintAis. f Obsolete
BEC
78
BED
against ; conquering ; pounding ; sailing against the di-
rection of tpe wind, <fcc.
BeAT'LNG, n. The act of striking or giving blows , pun-
isiinieMl or chastisement by blows.
rSE-ATI-TlinE, H. IL bfatUudu.] 1 Blessedness; felicity
of the highest kind ; consummate bliss ; iised of the juys
of lieucev.. 2. The declaration of blessedness made by
our Savior to particular virtues.
BEAU, ibo) n. plu. Beaux. [Fr. beau.] A man of dress ; a
fine, gay man ; one whose great care is to deck his per-
son. In familiar languaire, a man who attends a lady.
BEALT•l^^il, (bo'ish'' a. Like a beau ; foppish; fine.
REAU-MONDE, (bo-mond') n. [Fr. beau and muiide.] The
fashionable world ; people of fashion and gayety. Prior.
BEAU'TE-OUS, (bu'tt-us) a. Very fair ; elegant inform;
pleasing to the sight ; beautiful ; very handsome. It ex-
pre'ises a greater degree of beauty than handsome, and is
chiefly used in poetry.
BEAuTE-OUS-LY, adv. In a beauteous manner; in a
manner pleasing to the sight ; beautifully.
BEAuTE-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being
beauteouaj beauty.
BEAU Tl-Fi-ER, ji. He or that which makes beautiful.
BEAuTI-FUL, a. 1. Elegant in form; fair; having the
form that pleases the eye. it expresses more than hand-
some. 2. Having the qualities which constitute beauty,
or that which pleases the senses other than the sjght ; as,
a beautiful sound.
BEAU'Tl-FUL-LY, (bu'te-ful-ly) adv In a beautiful man-
ner.
BEAU'TI-FUL-NESS, (bu'te-fuJ-nes) n. Elegance of form ;
beauty ; the quality of being beautiful.
BEAO'TI-FY, (bu'te-fl) v. t. [beauty, and L. faclo.] To
make or render beautiful ; to adorn ; to deck ; to grace ;
to add beauty to ; to embellish.
BEAtJ'TI-FY, (bu te-fl) v. i. To become beautiful ; to ad-
vance in beauty. .Addison.
BEAU'TI-FY-liNG, n. The act of rendering beautiful. Bp.
Taijlor.
jBEAU'TI-LESS, a Without beauty. Hammond
BEAU'TY, (buty) n. [Fr. beaute.] 1. An assemblage of
graces, or an assemblage of properties in the form of the
person or any other object, which pleases the eye. 2. A
particul:;r grace, feature or ornament ; any particular
thing which is beautiful and pleasing. 3. A particular
excellence, or a part which surpasses in excellence that
witn which it is united. 4. \ beautifui person. 5. In
the arts, symmetry of parts ; hbrmony ; justness of com-
position, 6. Joy and gladness. Is. Ixi. Order, prosperity,
peace, holiness. Eiek. xvi.
t BEAU TY, (bu'ty) v. t. To adorn ; to beautify or embel-
lish. Shak.
BEAU'TY-S^POT, (bu'te-spot) n. A patch ; a foil; a spot
placed on the face to heighten beauty.
BEAU TY-WaN-ING, a. DecjMiing in beauty. Shak.
BeA'VER, ?(. [Sax. befor.] 1. An amphibious quadruped,
of the genus cantor, valuable for its fur, and remarkable
for its ingenuity in constructing its lodges or habitations.
2. The fiir of the beaver, ana a hat made of the lur ; also,
a part of a helmet that covers the face.
BkA'VERED, a. Covered with or wearing a beaver.
fBE-BLEED', w. J. To make bloody, Chaucer.
t BE-BL60d'V I ^- *• '^^ "'^"^^ bloody. Sheldon.
t BE-BLOT', v.\. To blot ; to stain. Chaucer.
BE-BLITB'BERED, a. Foul or swelled with weeping.
BEG-A-BUN'GA, n. Brooklime speedwell ; veronica beca-
hunn-a : a plant.
BEe-A-Fi'eO, n. A fig-pecker ; a bird like a nightingale,
which feeds on figs.
BE-CAEM', (be-cam) v. t. 1. To still ; to make quiet ; to
appense ; to stop, or repress motion in a body. 2. To in-
tercept the current of wind, so as to prevent motion.
BE-€ALM'ED, (be-camd) pp. 1. auieted ; appeased. 2.
a. Hindered from motion or progress by a calm.
BE-eALM'ING, (be-cam'ing) -ppr. Appeasing ; keeping
from motion or progress.
BE-€ALiVriNG, (be-cam'ing) n. A calm at sea.
BE-CaME', pret. o^ become. See Become.
BE-€AUSE', [Sax. be. for by. and cause.] By cause, or
by the cause ; on this account ; for the cause which
is explained in the next proposition ; for the reason
next explained.
BE-CHAllM', V. t. To charm ; to captivate,
BE-CflAIVCE', V. I. To befall ; to happen to. Shak.
BE'eHl€, n. [Gr. l3iT)(iKa.] A medicine for relieving coughs,
synonymous with pectoral.
* BECK, n. [Sax. becc] A small brook. Gray.
BECK, 77, rsax beacn.] A nod of the head ; a significant
nod, intended to be understood by some person, especially
as a sign of command.
BECK, V. i. To nod or m?ke a sign with the head.
BECK, V. t. To call by a nod ; to intimate a command to ;
to notify by a motion of the head .
BECKED, pp. Called or notified by a nod.
BECK ET, 71. A thing used in ships to confine loose ropes,
•;ackles or spars, ,
BEC'K'IKG, ppr. Nodding significantly ; directing by a nod
BECKON, (beK'kn) v. i. [See Beck.] To make a sign to
another, by nodding, winking, or a motion of the hand oi
finger, &l.c.
BECKON, (bekkn) v. t To make a significant sign to
BECKON, 71. A sign without words, bolingbroke.
BECKONED, pp. Having a sign made to,
BECK'ON-L\G, ppr. Making a significant sign, as a hint
t BE-CLIP', V. t. [Sax. beclyppan.] To embrace.
BE-CLOUD', V. t. To cloud ; to obscure ; to dim.
BE-COME', (be-cum') v.i. pret. became, pp. become. [Sax.
becuman ,• D. bekoomen ; G. bekommen,] 1. To pass from
one state to another ; to enter into some state or condi-
tion. 2. To become of, usnnWy with what preceding ; to
be the fate of ; to be the end of.
BE-€;oME', 7'. t. In ifencrai, to suit or be suitable to ; to be
congruous to ; to befit ; to accord with, in character or
circumstances ; to be worthy of, decent or proper.
BE-€6M'1.NG, ppr., but used rarely or never except as an
adjective. Fit ; suitable ; congruous ; propei ; graceful ;
belonging to the character, or adapted to circu:nstances.
tBE-€oM'lNG, n. Ornament. Shak.
BE-CoM'lNG-IiY, adv. After a becoming or proper man-
ner.
BE-€oM'ING-NESS, n. Fitness ; cnngruity ; propriety ;
decency ; gracefulness arising from fitness.
BE-CRIP'PLE, V. t. To make lame ; to cripple. \L. m.I
tBE-€URL', v.t. To curl.
BED, n. rSax. bed.] 1. A place or an article of furniture to
sleep and take rest on, 2. Lodging ; a convenient place
for sleep. 3. Marriage ; matrimonial connection. 4. A
plat or level piece of ground in a garden, usually a little
raised above the adjoining ground. 5. The channel of a
river, or that part in which the water usually flows. 6.
Any hollow place, especially in the arts ; a hollow place,
in which any thing rests. 7. A layer ; a stratum ; an
extended mass of any thing, whether upon the earth or
within it. — To make a bed, is to put it in order. — To bring-
to bed, to deliver of a child, is rarely used ; but, in the
passive form, to be brought to bed, that is, to be delivered
of a child, is common. — To put to bed, in midwifery, is to
deliver of a child. — From bed and board. In laxc, a separa-
tion of man and wife, without dissolving the bands of
matrimony, is called a separation from bed and board, a
viensa et thoro.
BED, V. t. 1. To place in a bed. Bacon. 2. To go to bed
with. [Unus^^aL] Sfiak. 3. To make partaker of the bed.
Bacon. 4, To plant and inclose or cover ; to set or lay
and inclose. 5. To lay in any hollow place, surrounded or
inclosed. G. To lay in a place of rest or security, cover-
ed, surrounded or inclosed. 7. To lay in a stratum; to
stratify ; to lay in order, or flat.
BED, V. i. To cohabit ; to use the same bed.
BE-DAB'BLE, v.. t. To wet ; to sprinkle. Shak.
BE-DAB'BLED, pp. Wet ; sprinkled.
BE-DAB'BLING, ppr. Wetting ; sprinkling.
t BE-DAFF', v. t. To make a fool of. Chaucer.
BE-DAG GLE, v. t. To soil, as clothes, by drawing the
ends in the mud, or spattering them with dirty water.
BE-DAG'GLED, pp. Soiled by reaching the mud in walk-
ing ; bespattering.
fBE-DARE', v.t. To dare; to defy. Peele.
t BE-DARK-', V. t. To darken. Oower.
t BE-DARK'EN, r. t. To obscure ; to darken.
BE-DASH', v. t. To wet, by throwing water or other liquor
upon ; to bespatter with water or mud.
BE-DASH'ED, (be-dashf) pp. Bespattered with water or
other liquid.
BEDASHING, ppr. Bespattering; dashing water upon, or
other liquid.
BE-DAUB', v. t. To daub over ; to besmear with viscous
slimy matter ; to soil with any thing thick and dirtj'.
BE-DAUB'ED. (be daubd') pp. Daubed over ; besmeared
BE-DAUB'TNG, ppr. Daubing over ; besmearing.
BE-DAZ'ZLE, v. t. To confound the sight by too strong a
light ; to make dim by lustre.
BE-DAZ'ZLED, pp. Having the sight confounded by too
strong a light.
BE-DAZ'Z LING, ppr. Confounding or making dim by a too
brilliant lustre
BEDCHAMBER, -n. An apartment or chamber for a bed
or for sleep and repose.
BED'-CLoTRES, 7i. plu. Blankets, or coverlets, &c,, for
beds. See Clothes.
BEDDED, pp. Laid in a bed ; inclosed as in a bed.
BED'DER, or BE-DET'TER, n. The nether stone of an
oil mill. Todd.
BED'DING, ppr. Laying in a bed ; inclosing as in a bed
BED'DING, V. A bed and its furniture ; a bed ; the mate-
rials of a bed, whether for man or beast.
BE-DEAD', V. t. To deaden. Hallywell.
* See Synopsis I, E, I, o, tj, Y, long.—¥kR, FALL, WH^T ;— ^^RfiY ;— HN, MARINE, BtRD ;— t Obiolete.
BEE 79
BE-l)ECK' V. t. To deck ; to adcni ; to grace. Shak.
BE-DECK ED, (be-dekf) pp. Adorned ; ornamented.
BE-IJECK'ING, ppr. Adorning ; decking.
\ BeDE'HOUSE, n. Formerly, a hospital or alms-house.
BE'DEL, 71. An officer in the universities of England. [A
peculiar orthography oibeadLe.]
BE'DEL-R5f, n. The extent of u bedel's office. Blount.
BE-DEW, V. t. To moisten, as with dew 5 to moisten in a
gentle manner with any liquid.
BE-DEVV'ED, (be-dewd') pp. Moistened, as if with dew ;
gently moistened.
BE-I)EW'ER, n. That which bedews. Sherwood.
BE-DEW'ING, ppr. Moistening gently, as with dew ; wet-
ting.
BE-DEW'Y,_a. Moist with dew. {Little used.]
BED'FEL-LoW, n. One who lies in the same bed. Shak.
BED HANG-lx^GS, 71. Curtains. Shak.
BE-DIGHT', (be-dite') v. t. To adorn ; to dress ; to set off
with ornaments. [Little used.}
BE-DIGHT' ED, pp. Adorned ; set off with ornaments.
BE-DIGHT'ING, ppr. Adorning.
BEDIM', V. t. To make dim ; to obscure or darken.
BE-DIM'MED, (be-dmid') pp Made dim ; obscured.
BE-DIM'MING, ppr. Making dim ; obscuring ; darkening.
fBE-DJS'MAL, V. t. To make dismal. Student.
BE-DIZ'EN, (be-diz'zn) v. t. To adorn ; to deck ; a loic word.
BE-DIZ'ENED, pp. Bedecked; adorned.
BE-DLZ'EN-ING, ppr. Adorning.
BED'LAM, n. [corrupted from Bethlehem, the name of a
religious house in London, afterward converted into a
hospital for lunatics.] 1. A mad-house ; a place appropri-
ated for lunatics. 2. A madman ; a lunatic ; one who
lives in Bedlam. 3. A place of uproar.
BED'LAM, a. Belonging to a mad-house. Shak.
BED'LAM-lTE, n. An inhabitant of a mad-house ; a mad-
man.
BED'Ma-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make beds,
as in a college or university.
BED'MATE, n. A bed-fellow. Shak.
BED-MoLD-ING, n. In architecture, the members of a
cornice, which are placed below the coronet.
t BE-DoTE', V. t. To make to dote. Chaucer.
BED'FoST, 71. The post of a bedstead.
BEDPRES-SER, n. A lazy fellow ; one who loves his bed.
Shak.
BE-DRAG'GLE, v. t. To soil, as garments which are suf-
fered, in walking, to reach the dirt.
BE-DRAG'GLED, pp. Soiled by reaching the dirt in walk-
ing.
BE-DRAG'GLING, ppr. Soiling by drawing along in dirt or
mud.
BE-DRENCH , v. t. To drench ; to soak ; to saturate with
moisture. Shak.
BE-DRENCH'ED, (be-drenchf) pp. Drenched ; soaked.
BE-DRENCH'ING, i}pr. Soaking ; drenching.
BED RID, ) a. Confined to the bed by age or infirm-
BED'RID-DEN, ] ily- Shak.
BED'RlTE, n. The privilege of the marriage bed.
BED'ROOM, n. 1. A room or apartment intended or used for
a bed ; a lodging room. 2. Room in a bed. [JVot in use.]
Shak.
BE-DROP', V. t. To sprinkle, as with drops.
BE-DROP'PED, (be-dropf) pp. Sprinkled as with drops ;
speckled ; variegated with spots.
BED'SIDE, 71. The side of the bed. Middleton.
BED STAFF, n. A wooden pin anciently inserted on the
sides of bedsteads, to keep the clothes from slipping on
either side.
BED STEAD, (bed'sted) n. A frame for supporting a bed.
BED'STRAW, n. Straw laid under a bed to make it soft ;
also, the name of a plant.
BED'SWERV-ER, n. One that swerves from his bed ; that
is, one who is unfaithful to tlie marriage vow. Shak.
BED'TlME, n. The time to go to rest ; the usual hour of
going to bed. Shak.
BE-DUCK', V. t. To duck ; to put the head under water ;
to immei-se. Spenser.
f BE-DUNG', V. t. To manure with dung. Bp. Hall.
t BE-DUSK', V. t. To smutch. Cotgrave.
BE-DUST', V. t. To sprinkle, soil, or cover with dust.
BED'WARD, ado. Toward bed. Shak.
BE-DWARF', V. t. To make little 5 to stunt, or hinder
growth. Donne.
BED'WoRK, n. Work done in bed, without toil of the
hands, or with ease. Shak-
BE-DyE', (be-dl') v. t. To dye ; to stain. Spenser.
BE-DY'ED, (be-dide') pp. Dyed ; stained.
BEE, n. [Sax. beo ; D. bye.] An insect of the genus apis.
The species are numerous, of which the honey-bee is the
most interesting to man.
BEE'-BREAD, n. The pollen of flowers collected by bees,
as food for their young.
BEE'-kAT-ER, 71. A bird that feeds on bees.
BEE'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant ; a species oC ophrys.
BEF
BEE'-GAR-DEN, n. A garden, or iii»'osure to set be©
hives in.
BEE'-GLUE, 71. A soft, unctuous matter, with which bees
cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells ;
calledalso propolis.
BEE'-HlVE, n. A case, box, or othei hollow vessel, which
serves as a habitation for bees.
BEE'-MaS-TER, n. One who keeps bees.
BEECH, n. [Sax. bece, boc] A tree arranged by Linne un
der the geiiusfagus,
BEECH'-CoAL, n. Charcoal from beech wood.
BEECH'EN, (bee'chn) a. Consisting of the wood or bark
of the beech ; belonging to the beech.
BEECH'MAST, 71. Ihe fruit or nuts of the beech.
BEECH'-OIL, n. Oil expressed from the mast or nuts of the
bcccli-trcc*
BEECH'-TREE, n. The beech.
BEEF, 71. [Fr. boeuf, beuf.] 1. An animal of the boviuB
genus, whether ox, bull, or cow. In this, which is tht
original sense, the word has a plural, beeves. 2. 'llie
flesh of an ox, bull, or cow, when killed.
BEEF, a. Consisting of the flesh of the ox, or bovine kind.
BEEF'-eAT-ER, 7(. I. One that eats beef. 2. A yeuinun
of the guards, in England. 3. The buphaga, an African bird
BEEF'-STEaK, 71. A steak or slice of beef for broiling.
BEEF'-VVIT-TED, a. Dull in intellects ; stupid ; heavy-
headed. Shak.
t BEELD, 71. [Sax. behlydan.] Protection -, refuge. Fairfax
BEE'MOL, n. In music, a half note. Bacon.
BEEN, (bin) [Sax beon.] Part. perf. of 6c. In eld authoi-s
it is also the present tense plural of be.
BEEN, 71. A fritted stringed instrument of music, having
nineteen frets ; used in India.
BEER, n. [W. bir : Fr. biere.] 1. A spirituous liquor made
from any ferinaceous grain ; but generally from barley,
with the addition of hoi)s. 2. Berr is a name given in
America to feimenting liquors made of various other ma-
terials.
BEER'-BAR-REL, n. A barrel for holding beer.
BEER'-HOUSE, 71. A house where malt liquors are sold ;
an ale-house.
BEEST INGS. See Biestings.
BEET, n. [D. Met ; Ger. beete.] A plant of the genus beta.
BEE'TLE, 71. [Sax. bill or bytl, a mallet ; betel, the insect,
beetle.] 1. A heavy mallet or wooden hammer, used to
drive wedges, &;c. — 2. In zoology, a genus of insects, the
scarahcBus, of many species.
BEE'TLE, V. i. To jut ; to be prominent ; to hang or ex-
tend out.
BEE'TLE-BROVV, n. A prominent brow.
BEE'TLE-BROWED, a. Having prominent brows.
BEE'TLE-HEAD, n. A stupid fellow. Scot.
BEE'TLE-HE^JDED, a. Having a head like a beetle j dull ;
stupid. Shak.
BEETLE-STOCK, n. The handle of a beetle.
BEE'TLMG, ppr. Jutting ; being prominent.
BEET'-RAVE, or BEET'-RAD-iSH, n. A kind of beet,
used for salad, .dsh.
BEEVES, 74. plu. of beef. Cattle ; quadrupeds of the bovine
genus, called, in England, black cattle.
BE-FALL', V. t. pret. befell ; part, befallen. [Sax. befml-
lan'.] To happen to ; to occur to. Jt usually denotes ill.
BE-FALL', V. i. To happen •, to come to pass.
BE-FALL'ING, ppr. Happening to 5 occurruig to ; coming
to pass.
BE-FELL', pret. of befall.
BE-FIT', V. t. To suit ; to be suitable to ; to become.
BE-FIT'TING, ppr. or a. Suiting ; becoming.
BE-FoAM', V. t. To cover with foam. [Little used.]
BE-FOOL', V. t. To fool ; to infatuate ; to delude.
BE-FOOL'ED, (be-foold') pp. Fooled ; deceived ; led into
error.
BE-FOOIi'ING, ppr. Fooling ; making a fool of ; deceiving ;
infatuating.
BE-FoRE', prep. [Sax. before, or bcforan.] 1. In front ; on
the side with the face, at any distance ; used of persons.
2. In presence of, with the idea of power, authority, re-
spect. 3. In sight of ; as, before tlie face. 4. In the
presence of, noting cognizance or jurisdiction. 5. In the
power of, noting the right or ability to choose or possess ;
free to the choice. 0. In front of any object. 7. Preced-
ing in time. 8. In preference to. 9 Superior 5 preceding
in dignity. 10. Prior to 5 having prior right ; preceding in
order. 11. Previous to ; in previous order ; in order to.
12. Before the wind, is to move in the direction of the
wind by its impulse.
BE-FoRE', adv. 1. In time preceding. 2. In time preced-
ing, to the present, or to this t:me ; hitheito. 3. Further
onward in pla je, in progress, or in front. 4. In front; on
t he fore part.
BE FoRE'HA^^D, adv. 1. In a state of anticipation or
preoccupati' n ; often followed by with. 2. Antecedent-
ly -, by war of preparation or preliminary ; aforetime. 3.
In a state of accumulation, so as that more has been
♦ Sec Synapsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE •,— BIJI>L, UNITE — C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in tMs. t Obsolete
BEG
80
jBEH
received than expended . 4. At first ; before any thing is
done.
{•BE-FoRE-TIME, adv. Formerly ; of old time.
BE-FUR TUNt, v. t. To happen to ; to betide.
B.i-FU[JL', V. t. [Sax. befylan.] To make foul ; to soil.
Bh;-FRIENU', (be-fr-ud') ?;. t. To favor ; to act as a friend
to ; to countenance, aid, or benefit.
BE-FRlEiNUED, p/). Favored •, countenanced.
BE-FRlEiND'lNG, ppr. Favoring; assisting as a friend;
sliowuig kindness to.
BE-FRi^OE', (be-frinj') v. t. To furnish with a fringe ; to
adorn as with fringe.
BE FRiiXG ED, ('be-frinjd') pp. Adorned as with a fringe.
B;OJ, or BEY, n. [the Turks write this word begh^ or bek,
but pronounce it beij (ba.)] In the Turkish dominions, a
governor of a town or country ; more particularly, the
lord of a sangiac or banrer. — in Tunis, the beg, or bey, is
tiie prince or king, answering to the dey of Algiers.
BEG, V. t. 1. To ask earnestly ; to beseech ; to entreat cr
supplicate with humility. 2. To ask or supplicate in char-
ity. 3. To take for granted ; to assume without proof.
BEG, V. i. To ask alms or charity ; to practice begging ; to
live by asking alms.
BE-GET', V. t. pret. begot, begat ; pp. begot, begotten. [Sax.
btgetan.] 1. To procreate, as a father or sire ; to generate.
2. To produce, as an efiect ; to cause to exist ; to gen-
erate.
BE-GET'TER, n. One who begets or procreates ; a father.
BEG'GA-BLE, a. That may be begged. Butler.
BEG'GAR, 71. 1. One that lives by asking alms, or makes
it his business to beg for charity. 2. One who supplicates
witJi humility ; a petitioner. 3. One who Eissumes in ar-
gument what he does not prove.
BEG'GAR, V. t. 1. To reduce to beggary ; to impoverish.
2. To deprive or make destitute ; to exhaust.
BEG'GAR ED, pp. Reduced to extreme poverty.
BEG'GAR-ING, ppr. Reducing to indigence or a state of
beggnry.
BEG GAR-LI-NESS, n. The state of being beggarly ; mean-
n*^ss ; extreme poverty. Barret.
BEG'GAR-LY, a. Mean; poor; in the condition of a beg-
gar • extremely indigent. Shak.
BW-'GAR-LiY, adv. Meanly; indigently; despicably.
BEG'GAR MAID, n. A maid that is a beggar. Shak.
BEGGAR-MAN, n. A man tliat is a beggar. Shak.
BEG'GAR-WOM-AN, n. A female beggar. Shak.
BEG'GAR- Y, n. A state of extreme indigence.
BEGGED, ;>;>. Entreated ; supplitated ; asked in charity.
BEG'GING, ppr. Asking alms ; supplicating ; assuming
without proof.
BEG GliVG, n. The act of soliciting alms ; the practice of
asking alms.
BE-G HARDS', or BE-GUARDS', n. A religious order of St.
Francis.
BE-GILT', a. Gilded. B. Jonson.
BE-GIN', V. i. pret. began ; pp. begun. [Sax. gynnan, agin-
nan, and beirinnan.] 1. To have an original or first exist-
ence ; to take rise ; to commence. 2. To do the first
act ; to enter upon something new ; to take the first step.
BE-GIN', V. t. 1. To do the first act of any thing ; to enter
on ; to commence. 2. To trace from any thing, as the
first ground , to lay the foundation.
t BE-GIN', «. For beginnincr. Spenser.
BE-GIN'NER, 71. 1. The person who begins. 2 One who
first enters upon any art, science, or business ; one who
is in his rudiments ; a young practitioner.
BE-GIN'NING, ppr. First entering upon ; commencing ;
giving rise or original ; taking rise or origin.
BE-GIN'NING, n. 1. The first cause; origin. 2. That
which is first ; the first state ; commencement ; entrance
into being. 3. The rudiments, first ground, or materials.
t BE-GIN NING-LESS, a. That hath no beginning.
BE-GiRD , V. t. pret. begirt, bcgirded ; pp. begirt. [Sax. be-
gyrdan.] 1. To bind with a band or girdle. 2. To sur-
round; to inclose; to encompass. 3. To besiege. — To
begirt, used by B. Jonson, is a corrupt orthography.
BE-GiRD ED, or BE-GiRT', pp. Bound with a girdle ; sur-
rounded ; inclosed ; besieged.
BE-GiRD'lNG, ppr. Binding with a girdle; surrounding;
besieging.
BEG'LER-BEG, n. [See Beg.] The governor of a province
in the Turkish emp're, next In dignity to the grand vizier.
His province is called beglerbeglik.
t BE-G LOOM', v.t. To cast a gloom over; to darken.
Badcock.
BE-GNAW, (be-naw') v. t. [Sax, begnagan.] To bite or
gnaw'; to eat away ; to corrode ; to nibble.
t BE-GOD' V. t. To deify ; to treat as a god. More.
BE-GONE'. {pron. nearly, be-gawn') Go away ; depart.
These two words have been improperly united. Be re-
tains the sense of a verb, and gone that of a participle.
BE-GoR'ED, a. Besmeared with grve.
BE-GOt'tEN \pP-^^i^^- Procreated ; generated.
t BE-GRaVE', v. t. 1. To deposit in the grave ; to bury.
2. Toengrave. Qower.
BE-GReA»E', v. t. To soil or daub with grease, or other
oily matter.
BE-GRlME', V. t. To soil with din deep impressed, so that
the natural hue cannot easily be recovered. Shak.
BE-GRlM'ED, (be-grimd'j pp. Deeply soiled.
BE-GRUDGE', (be-grudj') v. t. To grudge ; to envy the
possession of.
BE-GUlLE', (be-glle') v.t. 1. To delude ; to deceive ; to
impose on by artifice or craft. 2. I'o elude by craft. 3
To elude any thing disagreeable by amusement, or other
means ; to pass pleasingly ; to amuse.
BE-GUiL'ED, (be-glld') pp. Deluded ; imposed on ; misled
by craft ; eluded by stratagem ; passed pleasingly.
BE-GUiL'ER, (be-gl'ler) n. He or that which beguiles or
deceives.
BE-GUiL'ING,jp;?r. Deluding; deceiving by craft ; eluding
by artifice ; amusing.
BE-GUILT'Y, (be-gil'te) v. t. To render guilty. [A barba-
rous ivord.'] Sanderson.
BE'GUIN, 71. One of a congregation of nuns in Flanders.
BE-GUN',^p. of 6eo-irt. Commenced; originated.
BE-HALF', (be-haP) n. [Sax. behefe.] 1. Favor ; advantage ;
convenience; profit; support; defense; vindication. 2.
Part, side ; noting substitution, or the act of taking the
part of another.
BE-HAP'PEN, v. i. To happen to. Spenser.
BE-HaVE', v. t. [G. gehaben.] 1. To restrain ; to govern ;
to subdue. This sense is obsolete. 2. To carry ; to con-
duct ; used with the reciprocal pronoun ; as, he behaves
himself rmnfuWy .
BE-HaVE', v. i. To act ; to conduct ; generally applied to
manners, or to conduct in any particular business ; and in
a good or bad sense. He behaves well or ill.
BE-HaV'ED, (be liavd') pp. Conducted.
BE-HaV'ING, ppr. Carrying ; conducting.
BE-HaV'IOR, (be-hav'yur) n. Mannerof behaving, whether
good or bad; conduct; manners; carriage of one's self,
v.'ith respect to propriety, or morals ; deportment. — To be
upon one''s behavior, is to be in a state of trial, in which
something important depends on propriety of conduct.
The modern phrase is, to be, or to be put, upon one^s good
behavior.
BEHEAD', (be-hed') v. t. To cut off the head ; to sever
the head from the body with a cutting instrument.
BE-HEAD'ED, (be-hed'ed) pp. Having the head cut off.
BE-HEAD'ING, (be-hed'ing) ppr. Severing the head from
the body.
BE-HEAD'ING, (be-hed'ing) n. The act of separating tlie
head from the body by a cutting instrument ; decollation.
BE-HELD', pret. and pp. of behold, which see.
t BE-HEL', v. t. To torture as with the pains of hell. Heiryt.
Be'HE-MOTH, 71. [Heb. nicna] Authors are divided in
opinion as to the animal intended in Scripture by tliis
name ; some supposing it to be an ox, others an elephant ;
and Bochart labors to prove it the hippopotamus, or river
horse. The latter opinion is the most probable,
Bk'HEN, BEx\,or BEK'EN, 7). A plant. The ieAen of the
shops, or white heben, is spatling poppy. Red behen is
sea lavender.
BE-HEST', 71. [be, and Sax. hcese.] Command ; precept ,
mandate, [Antiquated, except in poetry .^
fBE-HIGHT', (be-hite') v.t. pret. behot. [^&x. behetan.']
To promise ; to intrust ; to call, or name ; to command ;
to adjudge ; to address ; to inform ; to mean ; to reckon.
Chaucer.
BE-HiND', prep. [Sax. behindan.] 1. At the back of anoth-
er. 2. On the back part, at any distance ; in tlie rear.
3. Remaining ; left after the departure of another, whether
by removing to a distance, or by death. 4. Left at a dis-
tance, in progress or improvement. 5. Inferior to another
in dignity and excellence. 6. On the side opposite the
front or nearest part, or opposite to that which fronts a
person ; on the other side. Behind the back., in Scripture,
signifies, out of notice, or regard ; overlooked ; disre-
garded.
BE-HiND', atfTJ. 1. Out of sight ; not produced, or exhibited
to view ; remaining. 2. Backwards ; on the back part.
3. Past in the progress of time. 4. Future, or remaining
to be endured. 5. Remaining after a payment ; unpaid.
6. Remaining after the departure of.
BE-HlND'HAND, a. In arrear ; in an exhausted state ; in
a state in which rent or profit has been anticipated, and
expenditures precede the receipt of funds to supply them
In popular use, a state of poverty.
BE-HoLD', V. t. pret. and pp. beheld. [Sax. behealdan, be
heoldaji.] 1. To fix the eyes upon ; to see with attention
to observe with care. 2. To 'ook upon ; to see.
BE-HoLD', V. i. 1. To look ; to direct the eyes to an ob
ject. 2. To fix the attention upon an object ; to attend ,
to direct or fix the mind.
BE-HoLD'EN, (be-h51'dn) pp. or a. Obliged ; bound in
gratitude ; indebted.
See Synopsis S, E, I, 5, ^j^, long.— FA.R, FALL, WH,^T ;— PREY ;— PXN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
BE£
8]
BEL
BE-H6LD'ER, n. One who beholds ; a spectator ; one who
looks upon, or sees.
BE-HoLI"ii\G, ppr. 1. Fixing tlie eyes upon ; looking on ;
seeing. 2. Fixing the attention ; regarding with atten-
tion. 3. Obliged. A mistaken use of the word for be-
holden. — '1. 71. Obligation. [JV'ot used.] Carew.
t BE-KoLD'ING-NESS, n. The state of being obliged.
BE-HoN'EY, V. t. To sweeten with honey. Sherwood.
BE-HOOF', n. [Sax. behofian.} 1. Need, necessity. 2.
Inpresent usage, that which is advantageous ; advantage ;
, profit; benefit.
BE-HOOV'A-BLE, a. Needful •, profitable.
BE-HOOVE', (be-hoov ) w. t. [Sax behofian.] Tobe necessa-
ry for ; to be fit for ; to be meet for, with respect to necessi-
ty, duty, or convenience. Jt may, perhaps, be sometimes
used intransitively ; as, let him behave as it behooveth.
BE-HOOVE'FUL, vbe-hoov'ful) a. Needful ; useful -, profit-
able 5 advantageous.
t BE-HOOV E'FUL-LY, (be-hoov'ful-ly) adv. Usefully ;
profitably.
t BE-HOOVE'LY, a. Profitable. Gower.
t BE-HOT', pret. of behight.
BE-HOVE', (be-hoov') and its derivatives. See Behoove.
t BE-HOWL', V. i. To howl at. Shak.
Be'ING, ppr. [See Be.] Existing in a certain state.
Bk'ING, n. I. Existence ; a particular state or condition.
2. A person existing. 3. An immaterial, intelligent ex-
istence, or spirit. 4. An animal ; any living creature.
f Be'ING-PLACE, n. An existence. Spenser.
BE IT SO. A phrase of anticipation, suppose it be so ; or of
permission, let it be so. Shak.
t BE-JaDE', v. t. To tire. Milton.
t BE-J aPE', v. t. To laugh at ; to deceive. Chaucer.
•(■ BE-KISS', V. t. To kiss or salute. Jonson.
tBE-KJ>JAVE', V. t. To call knave. Pope.
(• BE-KNoW, (be-no') v. t. To acknowledge. Chaucer.
BE-La'BOR, v. t. To beat soundly ; to thump. Dnjden.
BE-LaCE', v. t. 1. To fasten, as with a lacs or cord. 2.
To beat ; to whip.
BE-La'CED, a. Adorned with lace. Beaumont.
t BE-LAM', V. t. To beat ; to bang.
+ BEL'A-MOUR, n. [Fr. bel-amour.] A gallant ; a consort.
Spenser.
t BEL'A-MY, n. [Fr. bel-ami.] A good friend ; an intimate.
Spenser.
■f BE-LATE , V. t. To retard or make too late.
BE-LaT'ED, a. 1. Benighted 5 abroad late at night. 2.
Too late for the hour appointed or intended; later than
the proper time.
BE-LAT'fiD'NESS, n. A being too late. Milton.
fBE-LlVE', V. t. To wash.
tBE-LAW'GIVE, v. t. To give a law to. Milton.
BE-LaY', v. t. 1. To block up, or obstruct. 2. To place
in ambush. 3. To adorn, surround, or cover. 4. In sea-
manship, to fasten, or make fast, by windmg a rope round
a cleat, kevil, or Jrelaying-pin.
BE-LaY'ED, (be-lade') pp. Obstmcted ; ambushed ; made
fast.
BE-LaY'ING, ppr. Blocking up ; laying an ambush ; mak-
ing fast.
BELCH, v.t. [Sax. bealcan.] 1. To throw or eject wind
from the stomach with violence. 2. To eject violently
from a deep, hollow place.
BELCH, V. i. [Sax. bealcan.] 1 To eject wind from the
stomach. 2. To issue out, as by eructation.
BELCH, n. 1. The act of throwing out from the stomach,
or from a hollow place ; eructation. 2. A cant name for
malt liquor.
BELCH'ED, (belcht) pp. Ejected from the stomach, or
from a hollow place.
BELCH'ING, ppr. Ejecting from the stomach, or any deep,
hollow place.
BELCH'ING, n. Eructation. Barret.
BEL'DAM, n. [Fr. belle, and dame. It seems to be used in
contempt, or as a cant term.] 1. An old woman. Shak.
2. A hag. Drijden.
BE-LeA'GUER, (be-le'ger) v. t. [Ger. belagern.] To be-
siege ; to block up ; to surround with an army, so as to
preclude escape.
BE-LkA'GUERED, pp. Besieged.
BE-LkA'GUER-ER, n. One who besieges.
BE-LkA'GUER-ING, ppr. Besieging; blocking up.
t BE-LeA VE', v. t. To leave. May.
t BE-LEE'. v. t. To place on the lee. Shak.
BE-LEM'NITE, 71. [Gr. (S^Ujxvov.] Arrow-head, or finger-
stone ; vulgarly called thunder-bolt, or thunder-stone.
t RE-LEP'ER, v. t. To infect with leprosy.
BEL'FLOW-ER, n. A plant.
BEL'FOUND-ER, 71. He who founds 01 casts bells Bacon.
BEL'FRY, 71 [Fr. befroy.] 1. Among military writers of
the middle age, a tower erected by besiegers to over-
look the place hesieg"='d, in which sentinels were placed.
2. That part of a steeple, or other building, in which a
bell is hung.
t EEL-GARD', n. [Fr. bel and egard.] A soft look or glance
BEL'GI-AN, a. Belonging to Belgica.
BEL'GI-ANj n. A native of Belgica, or the Low Countries.
BEL'GIC, a. [L. Belgicus.] Pertaining to the Belgas, or to
the Netherlands.
Be'LI-AL, n. [Keb. 7J,"73] Jls a noun, unprofitableness ;
wickedness. As an adjective, worthless ; wicked. In a
collective sense, wicked men. Parkhurst.
t BE-Ll'BEL, v.t. To libel or traduce. Fuller.
BE-LlE', (be-li') v. t. [be and lie. t-ax. belecgan.] 1. To
give the lie to ; to show to be false ; to charge with false-
hood. 2. To counterfeit ; tomunick ; tofeign resemblance.
3. To give a false representation. 4. To tell lie? concern-
ing ; to calumniate by false reports. 5. To fill with lies
Shak.
BE-LiEiy, (be-lide') pp. Falsely represented, either by word
or obvious evidence and indication ; counterfeited ; mim-
icked.
BE-LIeF', (be-leef ) n. [Sax. geleaf, geleafan, gelefan,
geliefan, gelyfan, to believe.] 1 A persuasion of the
truth, or an assent of mind to the truth, of a declaration,
proposition, or alledged fact, on the ground of evidence. —
2. in theology, faith, or a firm persuasion of the truths of
religion. 3. Religion. 4. Persuasion or opinion. 5. The
thmg believed ; the object of belief. 6. A creed ; a form
or summary of articles of faith.
BE-LIeV'A-BLE, (be-le'va-bl) a. That may be believed ;
credible.
BE-LIeVE', (be-leev') v. t. 1. To credit upon the authority
or testimony of another ; to be persuaded of the tmth of
something. 2. To expect or hope with confidence ; to
trusty
BE-LIeVE', v. i. To have a fmn persuasion of any thing ;
to think, or suppose.— In theology, to believe sometimes
expresses a mere assent of the understanding ; and some-
times it implies, witii this assent of the mmd, a yielding
of the will and affections.
BE-LIeV'ED, (be-leevd') pp. Credited ; assented to, as
true._
BE-LIeV'ER, n. 1. One who believes ; one who gives
credit to other evidence than that of personal knowledge.
— 2. In theology, one who gives credit to the truth of the
Scriptures, as a revelation from God. In a more restricted
sense_, a professor of Christianity.
BE-LIeVING, ppr. Giving credit to testimony, or to other
evidence than personal knov.^ledge.
BE-LIeV'ING-LY, adv. In a believing manner.
BE-LiKE', adv. [be and like.] Probably ; likely ; perhaps.
[JVearly antiquated.]
fBELlKE'LY, at^y. Probably. Hall.
fBE-LlME', V. t. To besmear with lime ; losoil. Bp. Hall.
BE-LIT'TLE, v.t. To make smaller, or less in size. Jef
ferson.
t BE -LIVE', atZf. Speedily; quickly. Spenser.
BELL, n. [Sax. bell, bella, belle.] 1. A vessel or hollow
body of cast metal, used for making sounds. Its constit-
uent parts are a barrel or hollow body enlarged or expand-
ed at one end, an ear or cannon by which it is hung to a
beam, and a clapper on the inside. 2. A hollow body of
metal, perforated, and containing a solid ball, to give sounds
when shaken ; used on animals. 3. Any thing in form
of a hell, as the cup or calix of a flower.- To bear the bell,
is to be the first, or leader, in allusion to the bell-wether of
a flock.
BELL, V. i. To grow in the form of bells, as buds or flow-
ers.
BELL'-FASH-IONED, a. Having the form of a bell.
BELL'-FLOW-ER, n. A genus of plants, so named from
the shape of the flower.
BELL'-FOUND-ER, n. A man whose occupation is to found
or cast bells.
BELL-MAN, n. A man who rings a bell, especially to give
notice of any thing in the streets.
BELL'-MET-AL, (bel'-met-tl) n. A mixt ure of copper and
tin, in the proportion of about ten parts of copper to one
of tin, and usually a small portion of brass or zink ; used
for making bells.
BELL'-PEP-PER, n. A name of the Guinea pepper, a spe-
cies of capsicum.
BELL'-RING-ER, n. One whose business is to ring a church
or other bell.
BELL'-SHAPED, a. Having the form of a bell.
BELL'-WETH-ER, n. A wether or sh^ep which leadu the
flock with a bell on his neck.
BELL'-WoRT, n. A plant, the uvularia.
BEL'LA-DON-NA, v. A plant, a species of atropa.
BEL'LA-TRIX, n. [L.] A ruddy, glittering star, of the sec-
ond magnitude, in the left shoulder of Orion.
BELLE, (bel) 7i. [Fr.] A young lady. In popula.r us:c,a.
lady of superior beauty, and much admired.
BELL'El), a. Hung with bells.
* EELLES-LET-TRES, (bel'let-ter) n. pH. anglicized
bell letters. [Fr.] Polite literature ; a word of very vague
signification. It includes poetry and orr.tc-y ; but authors
See SifRopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE 5— €asK ; Gas J j SasZ ^CHasSH- THasintto
6
^OltaoLeU.
BEL
82
BEN
are not agreed to what particular branches of learning the
term should be restricted.
BELL'1-BONE, n. [Fr. belle and ionne.'] A woman excel-
ling both in beauty and goodness.
1 BEL-LI6'EIl-ATE, v. i. To make war. Cockeram.
BEL-LI6'ER-ENT, a. [L. belliger, belligero.'] Waging
war ; carrying on war.
BEL-LI6'ER-ENT, n. A nation, power or state carrying
on war.
f BEL-LIG'EROUS, a. The same, ^s belligerent.
BELL'ING, n. [Sax. bellan.'] 1. The noise of a roe in rutting
time. 2. a. Growing or forming like a bell ; growing full
, and ripe 5 used of hops ; from bell.
BEL-LIP'O-TENT, a. [L. bellipotens.] Powerful or mighty
in war. {Little used.\
t BEL'Ll-TUDE, n. [L. bellitudo.] Beauty. Cockeram.
t BEL-LiaUE', (bel-leek') a. [Old Fr.] Warlike.
BELi'LON, 71. A disease, attended with languor and intol-
erable griping of the b-^wels.
BEL-LoNA, 71. The goddess of war.
BEL Low, V. i. [Sax. bellan.] 1. To make a hollow,
loud noise, as a bull ; to make a loud outcry ; to roar.
In contempt, to vociferatft or clamor. 2. To roar, as
the sea in a tempest, or as the wind when violent ; to
make_a loud, hollow, continued somid.
BEL'LoW, n. A loud outcry ; roar.
BEL'LoW-ING, ppr. Making a loud, hollow sound, as a
bull, or as the roaring of billows.
BEL'LoW-ING, n. A loud, hollow sound, or roar.
*BEL'L6WS, n. sing, and plu, [Sax. bilig, or bylig ; Goth.
balgs.] An instrument, utensil or machine for blowing
fire.
BEL'LoWS-FISH, n. The trumpet-fish.
BEL'LU-INE, a. [L. belluinus.] Beastly ; pertaining to or
like a beast ; brutal. [Little used.]
BEL'LY, n. [Ir. bolg ; W. boly.] 1. That part of the human
body which extends from the breast to the thighs, con-
taining the bowels. 2 The part of a beast corresponding
to the human belly. 3. The womb. Jer. i. 5. 4. The
receptacle of food ; that which requires food. 5. The part
of any thing which resembles the human belly in protu-
berance or cavity, as of a harp or a bottle. 6. Any hollow,
inclosed place.
BEL'LY, 7;. t. To fill ; to swell out. Shak.
BEL'LY, V. i. 1. To swell and become protuberant, like the
belly. 2. To strut.
BEL'LY-a€HE, 71. Pain in the bowels 5 the colic. [ Vul-
BEL'LY-a€HE BIJSH or WEED, n. A species of jatro-
pha,
BEL'LY-BAND, n. A band that encompasses the belly of a
horse, and fastens the saddle ; a girth.
BEL'LY -BOUND, a. Diseased in the belly ; costive,
t BEL'LY-CHEER, n. Good cheer. Chaucer.
BEL'LY-FRET-TING, n. The chafing of a horse ^s belly
with a fore girt. 2. A violent pain in a horse's belly,
caused by wonns.
BEL'LY-FUL, n. As much as fills the belly, or satisfies the
appetite.
BEL'LY-GOD, n. A glutton ; one who makes a god of his
belly.
BEL'LY-ING, fpr. Enlarging capacity ; swelling out, like
the belly.
BELLY-PINCHED, a. Starred ; pinched with hunger.
Shak.
BEL'LY-RoLL, n. A roller protuberant in the middle, to
roll land between ridges, or in hollows.
BEL'LY-SLAVE, n. A slave to the appetite.
BEL'LY-TIM-BER, n. Food; that which supports the
belly. Prior. [Vulgar.']
BEL'LY-WoRM, n. A worm that breeds in the belly or
stomach. Johnson.
BE-LOCK', V. t. [Sax. belman.] To lock, or fasten as with
a lock. Shak.
BEL'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. (SeXog and jjiavreia.] A kind of
divination by aiTows, practiced by the ancient Scythians,
Babylonians and other nations.
BE-LoNE', 71. [Gr (SeXovrj.] The gar, garfish, or sea-needle,
a species of esoz.
BE-LONG', V. i. [D. belangen.] I. To be the property of.
2. To be the concern or proper business of ; to appertain.
3. To be appendant to. 4. To be a part of, or connected
with, though detached in place. 5. To have relation to.
6. To be the quality or attribute of. 7. To be suitable for.
8. To relate to, or be referred to. 9. To have a legal
residence, settlement, or inhabitancy. 10. To be the na-
tive of; to have original residence.— 11. In common lan-
guage, to have a settled residence ; to be domiciliated.
BE-LONG'ING, ppr. Pertaining ; appertaining ; being the
property of; being a quality of; being the concern of;
being appendant to ; being a native of, or having a legal
or permanent settlement in.
I BE-LONG'ING, 71. A quality. Shak.
BE-LOVE', V. t. To love.
BE-L6V'ED, pp. [be and loved, from love. Belove, aa a
verb, is not used.] Loved ; greatly loved ; dear to the
heart.
BE-LoW, prep. 1. Under in place -, beneath ; not so high
2. Inferior in rank, excellence or dignity. 3. Unworthy
of ; unbefitting.
BE-LoW', adv. 1. In a lower place, with respect to any ob-
ject. 2. On the earth, as opposed to the heavens. 3. In
hell, or the region of the dead. 4. In a court of inferior
jurisdiction.
fBE-LOWT', V. t. To treat with contemptuous language.
BEL'SWAG-GER, n. A lewd man. Drydon.
BELT, n. [Sax. belt.] 1. A girdle ; a band, usually of leath-
er, in which a sword or other weapon is hung. 2. A nar-
row passage at the entrance of the Baltic. 3. A bandage
or band used by surgeons for various purposes. — 4. In
astronomy, certain girdles or nngs which surround the
planet Jupiter are called belts. 5. A disease among
sheep, cured by cutting off the tail, laying the sore bare,
then casting mold on it, and applying tar and goose-
grease.
BELT, v. t. To encircle. Warton.
BE-Ltl'GA, 71. A fish of the cetaceous order.
BEL'VI-DERE, n. [L. bellus and video.] 1. A plant, a spe-
cies c\f chenopodium, goosefoot or wild orach. — 2. In Italian
architecture, a pavilion on the top of an edifice ; an arti-
ficial eminence in a garden.
BE-LYE. See Belie.
fBE'MA, 7!. [Gr. /3?7|ua.] 1. A chancel. 2. In ancient Greece,
a stage or kind of pulpit.
jBE-MAD', V. t. To make mad. Shak.
BE-MAN'GLE, v. t. To mangle ; to tear asunder. Beau-
mont. [Little used.]
BE-MaSK', v. t. To mask ; to conceal. Shelton.
BE-MaZE', v. t. To bewilder. [Little used.]
t BE-MeTE', 7;. t. To measure. Shak.
BE-MIN'GLE, 7;. i. To mingle; to mix. [Little used.]
BE-MIRE', v. t. To drag or incumber in the mire.
t BE- MIST', 7'. t. To cover or involve in mist.
BE-MoAN', V. t. To lament ; to bewail ; to express sorrow
for.
t BE-MoAN'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented,
BE-MoANED, pp. Lamented ; bewailed.
BE-]MoAN'ER, n. One who laments.
BE-MoAN'ING, j3j5r. Lamenting; bewailing.
BE-MO€K', V. t. To treat with mockery. [Lmle used.]
BE-MOCK', V. i. To laugh at.
jBE-MOIL', V. t. To bedraggle ; to bemire ; to soil or m-
cumber with mire and dirt. Shak.
BE-MoL', 71. In music, a half note. Bacon.
t BE-MON'STER, v. t. To make monstrous. Shak.
BE-MoURN', V. t. To weep or mourn over. [Little used.]
BE-MUS'ED, (be-muzd') a. Overcome with musing ; dream-
ing ; a word of contempt. Pope.
t BEN. [Sax.] Used for are, been, and to be.
BEN, or BEN'-NUT, n. A pmgative fruit or nut.
BENCH, 71. [Sax. Je;ic.] 1. A long seat, usually of board or
plank. 2. The seat where judges sit in court ; the seat
of justice. 3. The persons who sit as judges ; the court.
Driiden.
BENCH, v.t. 1. To furnish with benches. 2. To seat on a
bench. 3. v. i. To sit on a seat of justice. Shak.
BENCH'ER, n. I. In England, the benchers, in the inns of
court, are the senior members of the society who have the
government of it, and have been readers. 2. The alder-
ihan of a corporation. 3. A judge. Shak.
BEND, V. t. ; pret. bended, or bent : pp. bended, or bent. [Sax-
bevdan.] 1. To strain or to crook by straining. 2. To crook ;
to make crooked ; to curve ; to inflect. 3. To direct to a
certain point. 4. To exert ; to apply closely ; to exercise
laboriously ; to intend or stretch. 5. To prepare or put
in order for use ; to stretch or strain. 6. To incline ; to
be determined ; that is, to stretch towards, or cause to
tend. 7. To subdue ; to cause to yield ; to make sub-
missive. — 8. In seamanship, to fasten, as one rope to
another, or to an anchor ; to fasten, as a sail to its yard or
stay ; to fasten, as a cable to the ring of an anchor.
— 9. To bend the brow, is to knit the brow ; to scowl ; to
frown.
BEND, V. i. 1. To be crooked ; to crook, or be curbing.
2. To incline ; to lean or turn. 3. To jut over. 4. To
resolve, or determine. 5. To bow, or be submissive.
BEND, n. 1. A curve ; a crook ; a turn in a road or river ;
flexure ; incurvation. — 2. In marine language, that part
of a rope which is fastened to another, or to an anchor.
3. Bends of a ship are the thickest and strongest planks
in her sides, more generally called wales. — 4. In herald-
ry, one of the nine honorable ordinaries, containing a
third part of the field, wherr charged, and a fifth, when
plain.
t BEND, 77. A band. Spenser.
BEND'A-BLE, a. That maj be bent or incurvated.
BEND'ED, or BENT, pp.' Strained ; incurvated ; made
crooked ; inclined ; subdued.
*See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tr, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—HN, MARmE, BIRD ;-
t Obsolete
BEN
a3
BER
BEND'ER, n. The person who bends, or makes crooked ;
also, an instrument for bending other things.
BEND'ING, ppr. Incurvating ; forming into a curve ;
stooping ; subduing ; turning, as a road or river ; inclin-
ing ; leaning 5 applying closely, as the mind ; fastening.
BEND LET, «. In heraldry^ a little bend, which occupies
a sixth part of a shield. Bailey.
BEND'-WITH, n. A plant. Diet.
BENDY, 71. In heraldry, the field divided into four, six or
more parts, diagonally, and varying in metal and color.
BEN E, n. The popular name of the sesamum orien-
tale, called in the West Indies vangloe, an African
plant.
BE-NeAP'ED, (be-neept ) a. Among seamen, a ship is be-
neaped, when the water does not flow high enough to
float_her from a dock or over a bar.
BE-NeATH', prep. [Sax. beneath.] 1. Under; lower in
place, with something directly over or on. 2. Under, in
a figurative sense; bearing heavy impositions, as taxes,
or oppressive government. 3. Lower in rank, dignity or
excellence. 4. Unworthy of ; unbecoming ; not equal to.
BE-NeATH', adv. 1. In a lower place. jMortimer. 2. Be-
low, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region.
t BEN'E-D1€T, a. [L. benedictus.] Having mild and salu-
brious qualities. Bacon.
BEN-E-DI€'TiNE, a. Pertaining to the order or monks of
St. Benedict, or St. Benet.
BEN-E-DI€'TiNES, n. An order of monks, who profess to
follow the rules of St. Benedict. In the canon law, they
are called black friars.
BEN-E-Dl€'TION, n. [L. benedictio.] 1. The act of bless-
ing ; a giving praise to God, or rendering thanks for his
favors ; a blessing pronounced. 2. Blessing, prayer, or
kind wishes, uttered in favor of any person or thing ; a
solemn or affectionate invocation of happiness ; thanks ;
expression of gratitude. 3. The advantage conferred by
blessing. 4. The form of instituting an abbot, answering
to the consecration of a bishop.
t BEN-E-DI€'TIVE, a. Of power to draw down a blessing ;
giving a blessing. Oauden.
BEN-E-FAe'TION, n. [L. benefacio.] 1. The act of con-
ferring a benefit. 2. A benefit conferred, especially a
charitable donation.
BEN-E-FA€'TOR, n. He who confers a benefit.
BEN-E-FA€'TRESS, n. A female who confers a benefit.
BEN'E-FlCE, a. [L. beneficium.] 1. Literally, a benefit,
advantage or kindness. But, in present usage, an eccle-
siastical living. 2. In the middle ages, benefice was used
for a fee, or an estate in lands.
BEN'E-FiCED, a. Possessed of a benefice or church prefer-
ment. .Riiliffe.
t BEN'E-FlCE-LESS, a. Having no benefice.
BE-NEPI-CENCE, n. [L. bene fie entia.] The practice of
doing good ; active goodness, kindness, or charity.
BE-NEF'I-CENT, a. Doing good ; performing acts of kind-
ness and charity.
BE-NEF'I-CENT-LY, adv. In. a beneficent manner.
BEN-E-Fl"CIAL, a. I. Advantageous ; conferring benefits ;
useful ; profitable ; helpful ; contributing to a valuable
end. 2. Receiving or entitled to have or receive advan-
tage, use or benefit.
tBEN-E-Fi"CIAL, 71. A benefice. Spenser.
BEN-E-Fi"CIAL-LY, adv. Advantageously ; profitably •,
helpfuUy.
BEN-E-Fl"CIAL-NESS, n. Usefulness ; profitableness.
BEN-E-Fi"CIA-RY, a. [L. beneficiarius.] Holding some
oflice or valuable possession, in subordination to another.
BEN-E-Fl"CIA-RY, n. 1. One who holds a benefice. 2. One
who receives any thing as a gift, or is maintained by
charity.
BEN-E-Fi"CIEN-CY, 71. Kindness or favor bestowed.
BEN-E-FI"CIENT, a. Doing good. Adam Smith.
BEN'E-FIT, n. [L. beneficium ; Fr. bicnfait.] 1. An act of
kindness ; a favor conferred. 2. Advantage ; profit -, a
word of extensive use, and expressing whatever con-
tributes to promote prosperity and happiness. — 3. In law,
benefit of clergy. See Clergy.
BEN'E-FiT, V. t. To do good to ; to advantage ; to advance
in health or prosperity.
BEN'E-FIT, V i. To gain advantage ; to make improve-
ment.
BEN'E-FIT-ED, pp. Profited ; having received benefit.
BEN'E-FIT-ING, ppr. Doing good to ; profiting ; gaining
advantage ._
t BE-Ne'GRoE, v. t. To make extremely dark. Hewvt.
t BE-NeME', v. t. 1. To name. 2. To promise : to give.
t BE-NEMP'NE, v. t. To name. Spenser.
t BEN-E-PLAC'I-TURE, n. [L. bene_
choice. Olanville
t BE-NET', V. t. To catch in a net ; to insnare.
BE-NEV'O-LENCE, n. {!-,. henevolentia.] 1. The disposi-
tion to do good •, good will ; kindness ; charitableness ;
the love of mankind, accompanied with a desire to pro-
mote tlieir happiness. 2. An act of kindness ; good
beneplaci'tum.] Will ;
done charity given. 3. A species of contribution or tax
illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England.
BE-NEV'0-LENT, a. [L. benevolens.] Having a disposition
to do good ; possessing love to mankind, and a desire to
promote their prosperity and happiness : kind.
t BE-NEV'O-LENT-NESS, n. Benevolence.
t BE-NEV'0-LOUS, a. Kind, friendly. Puller.
BE-NEV'0-LENT-LY, adv. In a kind manner ; with good
wiU.
BEN-GAL', n. A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, for
women's apparel, so called from Bengal.
BEN-GA-LEE , n. The language or dialect spoken in Ben-
gal.
BEN-GA-I.eSE', n. sing, and plu A native, or the natives
of Bengal. j3s. Res. vii. 171.
BE-NlGHT', V. t. 1. To mvolve in darkness •, to shroud
with the shades of night. 2. To overtake with night
3. To involve in moral darkness, or ignorance ; to debar
from intellectual light.
BE-NlGHT'ED, pp. Involved in darkness, physical or
moral ; overtaken by the night.
BE-NiGN', (be-nlne') a. [L. henignus.] 1. Kind ; of a kind
dispositioa ; gracious ; favorable. 2. Generous ; liberal
3. Favorable ; having a salutary influence. 4. Whole-
some ; not pernicious. 5, Favorable •, not malignant.
BE-NIG'NANT, a. Kind ; gracious ; favorable.
BE-NIG'NI-TY, n. 1. Goodness of disposition or heart;
kindness of nature ; graciousness. 2. Actual goodness ;
beneficence. 3. Salubrity ; wholesome quality ; or that
which tends to promote health. Wiseman.
BE-NiGN'LY, (be-nlne'ly) adv. Favorably ; kindly ; gra-
ciously.
BEN'I-SON, (ben'-e-zn) n. [Fr. benir, benissant.] Blessing
benediction. \_J^rearly antiquated.']
BEN'JA-MIN, n. 1. A tree, the laurus benzoin, called also
spice-bush. 2. A gum or resin, or rather a balsam. See
Benzoin.
BEN'NET, n. The herb bennet, or avens, known in botany
bv the generic term geum.
BEN'NET-FISH, n. A fish of two feet in length.
BENT, pp. of bend. Incurvated ; inflected ; inclined ; prone
to, or having a fixed propensity ; determined. — Bent on,
having a fixed inclination.
BENT, n. 1. The state of being curving, or crooked ; flexure ;
curvity. 2. Declivity; as, the Jerif of a hiU. [Unusual.]
Dryden. 3. Inclination ; disposition ; a leaning or bias
of mind; propensity. 4. Flexion; tendency; particular
direction. 5. Application of the mind.
BENT, I n. A kind of grass, called, in botany,
BENT'-GRASS, i agrostis.
BENT'ING-TIME, n. The time when pigeons feed on
bents, before peas are ripe.
BE-NUM', corruptly BE-NUMB', v. t. [Sax. beniman, beny-
man ; pp. bemiryien.] 1. To make torpid ; to deprive of
sensation. 2. To stupify ; to render inactive.
BE-NUM'MED, (be-numd') pp. Rendered torpid ; deprived
of sensation ; stupified.
EE-NUM'MED-NESS, n. The state of being benummed
Smith.
BE-NUM'MING, ppr. Depriving of sensation ; stupifying,
BEN'ZO-ATE, n. A salt formed by the union of the ben-
zoic a^id with any salifiable base.
BEN-Zo'IC, a. Pertaining to benzoin. — Benzoic acid, or
finwers of benzoin, is a peculiar vegetable acid, obtained
from benzoin and other balsams, by sublimation or de-
coction.
BEN-ZOIN', or BEN'JA-MIN, n. Gum benjamin ; a con-
crete resinous juice, flowing from the styrax benzoin, a
tree of Sumatra, &c.
BE-PaINT', v. t. To paint ; to cover with paint. Shak.
[Little used.]
t BE-PaLP', v. t. To make pale. Carew.
BE-PINCH', V. t. To mark with pinches.
BE-PINCHT'^' I 'P^- ^'^^^^^^ ^^**^ pinches. Chapman.
BE-POW'DER, 11. t. To powder ; to sprinkle or cover with
powder.
BE-PRaISE', v. t. To praise greatly or extravagantly.
Goldsmith.
BE-PUR'PLE, ■y. t. To tinge or dye with a purple color.
BE-aUEATH', V. t. [Sax. becwasthan.] To give or leave by
will ; to devise some species of property by testament.
BE-QUeATH'ED, (be-kweethd') pp. Given or left by wUl
BE-aUEATH'ER,n. A testator. Huloet.
BE-QUeATH ING, -ppr. Giving or devising by testament
BE-aUEATH'MENT, n. The act of bequeathing ; a be
quest.
BE-QUEST', n. Something left by will ; a legacy.
t BE-RaTN', v. t. To rain upon. Chaucer.
BE-RaTE', v.t. To chide vehemently ; to scold.
BE-RAT'TLE, v.t. To fill with rattling sounds or noiie
Shak. t
t BE-RaY , V. t. To make foul ; to soil. Milton.
BERBER-RY. n. fL. berberis.] See Barberry.
* See Synopsis. MOVE , BOOK D6VE ;~BULL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f OhsoUte
BES
84
BES
BSSE, n The name of a species of barley in Scotland.
07-aij.
D£-ReAVE', v. t. pret. bereaved^ lereft ,• pp. bereaved, be-
reft. [Sax. bereajian.] 1. To deprive; to strip ; to make
destitute ; with of before the tiling taken away. 2. To
takeaway from. Shale.
BE ReAV'ED, (be-reevd ) pp. Deprived ; stripped, and left
destitute.
BE-ReAVE'MENT, n. Deprivation, particularly by the loss
of ajriend by death
BE-ReAV'1NG, ppr. Stripping bare ; depriving.
BE-REFT', pp. of bereave. Deprived ; made destitute.
BER-EN-GaRI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Berengarius,
fBERG, n [Sax. beorg.] A borough; a town that sends
burgesses to parliament ; a castle. [See Burg.] .Ssh.
3ERG'A-MOT, 7i. [Fr. bergamotte.] 1. A species of pear.
2. A species of citron. 3. An essence or perfume from
the citron. 4. A species of snuff perfumed with berga-
mot 5. A coarse tapestry.
BERG'AN-DER, n. A burrow duck ; a duck that breeds in
holes under cliffs.
t BER'GE-RET, n. [Fr. berger.] A song. Chaucer.
BERG'MAN-lTE, n. A min-ral.
BERG MAS-TER, n. [Sax. bsorg, and master.'] The bai-
liff or chief officer among the Derbyshire miners.
BERG'MOTE, n. [Sax. beorg, and mote.] A court held
on a hill in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding contro-
versies between the miners.
BE-RH yME', v. t. To mention in rhyme or verse ; used in
contempt. Shak.
* BERLIN, n. A vehicle of the chariot kind.
BER-LUC'CIO, n. A small bird, somewhat like the yellow-
hammer, but less, and more slender.
BERME, 11. In fortification, a space of ground of three,
four, or five feet in width, left between the rampart and
tlie moat or foss.
BER'NA-€LE. See Barnacle.
BER'NAR-DlNE, a. Pertaining to St. Bernard, and the
monks of the order.
BER'NAR-DINES, n. An order of monks, founded by Rob-
ert, abbot of Moleme, and reformed by St. Bernard.
t BE-ROB', v t. To rob. Spenser.
BE-RoE', 71. A marine animal of an oval form.
BERRIED, a. Furnished with berries.
BERRY, M. [Sax. beria.] 1. A succulent or pulpy frait,
containing naked seeds, including many varieties. 2. A
mound, [for barrow.]
BER'RY, V. i. To bear or produce berries.
BERRY- BE aR-ING, a. Producing berries.
BERT, [Sax. beorht, berht ; Eng. bright.] This word en-
ters into the names of many Saxon princes and noblemen ;
as Egbert, Sigbert. See Bright.
BERTH, n. 1. A station in which a ship rides at anchor,
comprehending the space in which she ranges. 2. A
room or apartment in a ship, where a number of officers
or men mess and reside. 3. The box or place for sleep-
ing, at the sides of a cabin ; the place for a hammoc, or a
repository for chests, &c.
BER'TRAM, n. Bastard pellitory, a plant.
BER'YL, n. [L. beryUus.l A mineral, considered by Cleave-
land as a sub-species of emerald.
BER'YL-€RYS'TAL, n. A species of imperfect crystal.
BER'YL-LINE, a. Like a beryl ; of a light or bluish green.
t BE-SaINT', v. t. To make a saint.
JBE-SAYLE', n. [Norm, ayle ; Fr. a'ieul.] A great grand-
father.
/BE-S€AT'TER, v. t. To scatter over. Spenser.
t BE-S€ORN', v.t.To treat with scorn ; to mock at. Chaucer.
\ BE-S€RATCH', v. t. To scratch ; to tear with the nails.
Chaucer.
BE-S€RAWL', v. t. To scrawl ; to scribble over.
BE-S€REEN', v. t. To cover with a screen ; to shelter ; to
conceal. Shak.
BE-S€REENED, (be-screend') pp. Covered ; sheltered ;
BE-f^CRfB'BLE, v. t. To scribble over. Milton.
+ BE-SerTM'BER, v. t. To encumber. B. Jonson.
t BE-SEE', v. i. To look ; to mind. Wickliffe.
BE-SEECH', V. t. pret. and pp. besought. [Sax. be and
secan.] To intreat ; to supplicate ; to implore •, to ask
or pray with urgency.
BE-SEECH', n. Request.
BE-SEECH'ER, v. One who beseeches.
BE-SEECH'ING, ppr. Entreating,
t BE-SEEK', V. t. To beseech. Chaucer.
BE-SEEMi, V. t. To become ; to be fit for, or worthy of; to
be decent for.
BE-SEEM'ING, ppr. or a. Becoming ; fit ; worthy of.
BE-SEEM'ING, n. Comeliness. Barret.
BE-SEEM'LY, a. Becoming ; fit ; suitable,
t BE-SEEN', a. Adapted ; adjusted. Spenser.
BE-SET', v. t. pret. and pp. beset. [Sax. besettan.] I. To
surround ; to inclose ; to hem in ; to besiege. 2. To press
on all sides, so as to perplex ; to entangle, so as to render
escape ditlicult or impossible. 3. To waylay. 4. To fall
upon.
BE-SET'T'^^G, ppr. Surrounding ; besieging ; waylaying.
BE-SET'TING, a. Habitually attending, or pressmg.
t BE-SHTNE', V. t. To shine upon.
BE-SHRE W, V. t. 1. To wish a curse to ; to execrate. ?.
To happen ill to. {JSTot in use.] Shak.
fBE-SHUT', V. t. To shut up. C/iaucer.
BE-SlDE', prep. 1. At the side of a person or thing , neai.
2. Over and above ; distinct from. 3. On one side ; out
of the regular course or order ; not according to, but not
contrary. 4. Out of; in a state deviating from. 5. With
the reciprocal pronoun, beside one^s self is out of the wits
or senses.
BE-SIDE', or BE-SlDES', adv. Moreover ; more than that ;
over and above ; distinct from ; not included in the num-
ber, or in what has been mentioned.
BE-SlD'ER-Y, 7i. A species of pear. Johnson.
BE-SlDES', prep. Over and above; separate or distinct
from^
BE-SIeGE', V. f. [be and siege ;Fi-. siege.] 1. To lay siege
to ; to beleaguer ; to beset, or surround with armed forces,
for the purpose of compelling to surrender, either by fam
ine or by violent attacks. 2. To beset ; to throng round
BE-SIeG'ED, (be-seejd') pp. Surrounded or beset with hos-
tile ti'oops.
BE-SIeG'£R, n. One who lays siege, or is employed in a
siege.
BE-S1eG'ING, ^;>r. Laying siege; surrounding with armed
forces.
BESIeG'ING, a. Surrounding in a hostile manner ; em«
ployed in a siege.
fBE-SIT', ?;. t. To suit; to become. Spenser.
t BE-SLaVE', «. i. To subjugate ; to enslave.
f BE-SLiME', V. t. To daub with slime; to soil.
BE-SLUBBER, V. t. To soil or smear with spittle, or any
thingjunning from the mouth or nose. [ Vulgar.]
BE-SMeAR', v. t. To bedaub ; to overspread witli any
viscous, glutinous matter, or with any soft substance that
adheres. Hence, to foul ; to soil.
BE-SMeAR'ED, (be-smeerd') pp. Bedaubed ; overspread
with any thing soft, viscous, or adhesive ; soiled.
BE-SMeAR'ER, n. One that besmears.
BE-SMeAR'ING, ppr. Bedaubing ; soiling.
BE-SMiRCH', V. t. To soil ; to foul ; to discolor. Shak. [Lit-
tle used.]
BE-SM6KE', V. t. To foul with smoke ; to harden or dry in
smoke. [Little used.]
BE-SMoK'ED, (be-smokf) pp. Fouled or soiled with
smoke ; dried in smoke.
BE-SMUT', V. t. To blacken with smut ; to foul with soot
BE-SMUT'TED, pp. Blackened with smut or soot.
BE-SNoW, V. t. To scatter like snow. [Little used.]
BE-SNoW'ED, (be-snode') a. or pp. Covered or sprinkled
with snow, or with white blossoms. Hanbury.
BE-SNUFF', V. t. To befoul with snuff.
BE-SNUF'-FED, (be-snuff) pp. Foul with snuff. Young.
Be'SOM, n. [Sax. besm.] A broom ; a brush of twigs for
sweeping.
Besom, v. t. To sweep, as with a besom. Barlow.
BE-SORT', V. t. To suit ; to fit ; to become. Shak.
jBE-SORT', «. Company; attendance; train. Shak.
BE-SOT', V. t. 1. To make sottish ; to infatuate ; tostupify ,
to make dull or senseless 2. To make to dote.
BE-SOT'TED, pp. Made sottish or stupid.— Besotted on, in-
fatuated with foolish affection.
BE-SOT'TED-LY, adi). In a foolish manner.
BE-SOT'TED-NESS, n. Stupidity ; arraut folly ; infatua-
tion.
BE-SOT'TING, ppr. Infatuating ; making sottish or foolish.
BE-SOUGHT', (besawf) pp. of beseech. Entreated ; im-
plored ; sought by entreaty.
BE-SPAN'GLE, v. t. To adorn with spangles; to dot or
sprinkle with something brilliant.
BE-SPAN'GLED, pp. Adorned with spangles or something
shining.
BE-SPAN'GLING, ppr. Adorning with spangles or glitter-
ing objects.
BE-SPAT'TER, v. t. 1. To soil by spattering ; to sprinkle
with water, or with dirt and water. 2. To asperse with
calumny or reproach. Swift.
BE-SPAT'TERED, pp. Spattered over ; soiled with dirt and
water ; aspersed ; calumniated.
BE-SPAT'TER-ING, ppr. Spattering with water; soiling
with dirt and water ; aspersing.
BE-SPAWL', V. t. To soil or make foul with spittle. Mil-
ton.
BE-SPeAK', V. t. pret. bespoke ; pp. bespoke, bespoken. 1.
To speak for beforehand ; to order or engage against a fu-
ture time. 2. To forebode ; to foretell. 3. To speak to ;
to address. This sense is mostly poetical. 4 To beto-
ken ; to show ; to indicate by external marks or appear-
ances.
BE-SPeAK'ER, 71. One who bespeaks.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, Y, long.—FAR, F^LL, WH^T j— PREY ;— PIN, MARiNE, BiRD ;
BES
85
BET
BE-SPeAK'TNG, ppr. Speaking for or ordering beforehand ;
foreboding ; addressing ; showing •, indicating.
BFi-SPEAK'[NG, n. A previous speaking or discourse, by
way of apology, or to engage favor.
BE-SPE€'KLE, v. t. To mark with speckles or spots.
BE-SPlCE', V. t. To season with spices. Shak.
\ BE-SPiRT', or f BE-SPURT', v. t. To spurt out, or over ;
to throw out in a stream or streams.
BE-SPIT', V. t. pret. bespit ; pp. bespit, bespitten. To daub
or soil with spittle.
BE-SPoKE', pret. and pp. of bespeak.
BE-SPOT', V. t. To mark with spots. Mortimer.
BE-SPOT'TED, pp. Marked with spots.
BE-SPOT'TING, ppr. Marking with spots.
BE-SPREAD', (be-spred') v. t. pret. and pp. bespread. To
spread over •, to cover over.
fBE-SPRENT', part. Ber;prinlded.
BE-SPRIN'KLE, v. t. To sprinkle over ; to scatter over ;
as, to besprinkle with dust.
BE-SPRIN'KLED, pp. Sprinkled over.
BE-SPRIN KLER, n. One that sprinkles over.
BE-SPRIN'KLING, ppr. Sprinkling over.
t BE-SPUT TER, v. t. To sputter over.
BEST, a. superlative. [Sax. 6est.] Lit eralhj, most advanced.
Hence, 1. Most good ; having good qualities in the high-
est degree. 2. Most advanced ; most accurate ; as, the
best scholar. 3. Most correct or complete. 4. The best.
This phrase is elliptical, and may be variously interpret-
ed ; as, the utmost power ; the strongest endeavor ; the
most, the highest perfection ; as, let a man do his best.
5. At best, in the best manner ; in the utmost degree or
extent. — To make the best of, to carry to its greatest per-
fection.
BEST, adv. 1. In the highest degree ; beyond all others ; as,
to love one best. 2. To the most advantage ; with the
most ease. 3, With most profit or success. 4. Most inti-
mately or particularly ; most correctly.
BEST-TEM'PERED, a. Having the most kind or mild tem-
per.
BE-STAIN', V. t. To mark with stains ; to discolor, either
the whole surface of a thing, or in spots.
BE-STEAD', (be-sted') v. t. pret. and pp. bested. 1. To
profit. Milton. 2. To accommodate. 3. To dispose.
Spenser.
* BES'TIAL, a. 1. Belonging to a beast, or to the class of
beasts. 2. Having the qualities of a beast •, brutal ; below
the dignitv of reason or humanity ; carnal.
BES-TIAL i-TY, n. 1. The quality of beasts. 2. Unnatural
connection with a beast.
BES'TIAL-rZE, v. t. To make like a beast.
BES TIAL-LY, adv. Brutally ; in a manner below hu-
manity.
t BES'TIATE, V. t. To make like a beast 5 to bestialize.
BE-STICK', v. t. pret. and pp. bestuck. To stick over, as
with sharp points.
BE-STiR', V. t. To put into brisk or vigorous action ; to
move with life and vigor.
BE-STiR'RED, (be-sturd') pp. Roused Into vigorous action ;
quickened in action.
BE-STiR'RING, ppr. Moving briskly ; putting into vigor-
ous action.
t BEST'NESS, n. The state of being best. Morton.
t BE-STORM', V. i. To storm 5 to rage. Yoiing.
BE-SToW, V. t. 1. To give ; to confer ; to impart. 2. To
give in marriage ; to dispose of. 3. To apply ; to place
for the purpose of exertion, or use. 4. To lay out, or dis-
pose of 5 to give in payment for. 5. To lay up in store ;
to deposit for safe-keeping ; to stow ; to place.
BE-SToWAL, 71. A conferring ; disposal. [Little used.]
BE-SToW'ED, (be-stode') pp. Given gratuitously ; confer-
red ; laid out ; applied ; deposited for safe-keeping.
BE-SToW'ER, 71. One who bestows ; a giver ; a dis-
poser.
BE-SToW'ING, ppr. Conferring gratuitously ; laying out ;
applying ; deoositing in store.
RE-SToW'MENT, n. 1, The act of giving gratuitously ; a
conferring. Edwards. 2. That which is conferred, or
piven ; donation. Thodey.
BE-STRAD'DLE, v. t. To bestride.
fBE-STR AUGHT', a. Distracted ; mad Shak.
* BE-STREW, V. t. pret. bestrewed ; pp. bestrewed, be-
strown. To scatter over ; to besprinkle : to strow.
BE-STREW'ED, pp. of bestrew.
BE-STRlDE', V. t. pret. bestrid ; pp. bestrid, bestridden. 1.
To stride over ; to stand or sit with any thing b'-tween
the legs, or with the legs extended across. 2. To step
over.
BE-STRID'TNG, jypr. Extending the legs over any thing, so
as to include it between them.
BE-STRoWN', pp. of bestrew. Sprinkled over.
BE-STUCK', pp. ofbestick. Pierced in various places with
sharp points.
BE-STUD', V. t. To set with studs ; to adorn with bosses.
BE-STUD'DED,^;;. Adorned with studs.
BE-STUD'DING, ppr. Setting with studs ; adorning as
with bosses.
BE-SURE', adv. Certainly. Lothrop. \A vulgarism.']
t BE-SWIKE', (be-swik') V. t. [Sax. ieswican.] To allure
Gower.
BET, n. [Sax. bad.] A wager ; that which is laid, staked
or pledged in a contest.
BET, V. t. To lay a bet ; to lay a wager.
BET, the old participle of beat, is obsolete or vulgar.
BE-TaKE', v.t. pret. betook j pp. betaken. [Sax. betcecan.]
1. To take to ; to have recourse to j to apply ; to resort ;
with the reciprocal pronoun. 2. Formerly, to take or
seize. [Obs.] Spenser.
BE-TaK'EN, part, of betake.
BE-TAK'lNG,ppr. Having recourse to ; applying ; resorting
tBE-TAUGHT', jpre^ of betake. Chancer.
t BE-TEEM', V. t. To bring forth ; to produce : to shed ; to
bestow Shak.
Be'TEL, or Be'TLE, n. A species of pepper, the leaves of
which are chewed by the inhabitants of the East Indies.
BE-THINK', v. t. pret. and pp. bethought. To call to mind 5
to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or considera-
tion .
BE-THINK', V. i. To have in recollection ;' to consider.
BETH'LE-HEM, n. [Heb. the house of food or bread.] 1. A
town in Judea, about six miles south-east of Jerusalem,
famous for its being the place of Clirist's nativity. 2. A
hospital for lunatics ; corrupted into bedlam.
BETH'LEM-lTE, n. 1. An inhabitant of Bethlehem ; a lu-
natic— 2. In church history, the Bethlemites were a sort
of monks.
BE-THOUGHT', (be-thawf) pret. and pp. of bethink.
BE-THRALL', v. t. To enslave ; to reduce to bondage ; t©
bring iiito subjection. [Little used.]
BE-THUMP', V. t. To beat soundly. [Little used.]
BE-TlDE', V. t. pret. betid, or betided ; pp. betid, [be and
tide J Sax. tidan.] To happen •, to befall ; to come to.
BE-TlDE', V. i. To come to pass ; to happen.
BE-TjME', ) adv. [be and time, that is, by the time.] 1.
BE-TiMES', \ Seasonably ; in good season or time ; be-
fore it is late^ 2. Soon ; in a short time.
BE'TLE, or Be'TRE, n. A plant, called water-pepper. See
Betel.
BE-To'KEN, ^be-to'kn) v. t. [Sax. betcecan.] 1. To signify
by some visible object ; to show by signs. 2. To foreshow
by pjesent signs.
BE-To'KENED, 2?;7. Foreshown ; previously indicated.
BE-To'KEN-ING , ppr. Indicating by previous signs.
BET'O-NY, 71. [li. betonica.] A genus of plants, of several
species.
BE-TOOK', pret. of betake.
BE-t6rN', a. Torn in pieces.
BE-TOSS', V. t. To toss ; to agitate ; to disturb ; to put in
violent motion. Shak.
f BE-TRAP', v. t. To entrap ; to ensnare. Occleve.
JbE-TRaY', v. t. [Betray seems to be a compound of 6e and
dragan, to draw.] 1. To deliver into the hands of an en-
emy by treachery or fraud. 2. To violate by fraud or
unfaithfulne'^s. 3. To violate confidence by disclosing a
secret. 4. To disclose, or permit to appear, what is in-
tended to be kept secret, or what prudence would con-
ceal. 5. To mislead or expose to inconvenience net fore-
seen. G. To show ; to discover ; to indicate what is not
obvious at first view, or would otherwise be concealed.
7. To fail, or deceive.
BE-TRaY'ED, (be-trade') pp. Delivered up in breach of
trust; violated by unfaithfulness ; exposed by breach of
confidence ; disclosed contrary to expectation or inten-
tion ; made knovi^n ; discovered.
BE-TRaY'ER, n. One who betrays ; a traitor.
BE-TRaY'ING, ppr. Delivering up treacherously ; violat-
ing confidence ; disclosing contrary to iritention ; expos-
ing ; discovering.
BE-TRIM', v. t. To deck ; to dress ; to adorn ; to grace ; to
embellish ; to beautify ; to decorate.
BE-TRIM'MED, (be-trimd ) pp. Adorned ; decorated.
BE-TRIM'MING, ppr. Decking; adorning; embellishing.
BE-TROTH', v.t. 1. To contract to any one, in order to a
future marriage ; to promise or pledge one to be the future
spouse of another ; to affiance. 2. To contract with one
for a future spouse ; to espouse. 3. To nominate to a bislj-
opric, in order to consecration.
BE-TROTH'ED, (be-trothf) pp. Contracted for future mar-
riage.
BE-TROTH'ING, ppr. Contracting to any one, in order to a
future marriage, as the father or guardian ; contracting
with one for a future wife, as the intended husband ;
espousing.
BE-TIIOTH'MENT, n. A mutual promise or contract be-
tween two parties, for a future marriage between the per
sons betrothed ; espousals.
BE-TRUST', v. t. To intrust ; to commit to another in con
fidence of fidelity ; to confide.
BE-TRUST'EDjPjP. Intrusted; confided ; committed in trust .
■■ Sfif Synovsis M<^VE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ~€ as K ; (^ d« J : f« as Z ; CH as SH ; THas in this t Obsolete
BEW
86
BIA
BE-TRUST'INGjppr. Intrusting • committing in trust.
BE-TRUST'MENT, n. The act of intmsting •, the thing in-
trusted,
BET'SO, 71. The smallest Venetian coin. Mason.
fBETT, adv. [Sax. bet.] Tlie old English word for better.
Chaucer.
BET'TER, a. comp. [Sax. het, more, better ; beterc, betera,
better.] 1. Having good qualities in a greater degree
than another : applied to physical, acquired or moral
qualities. 2. More advantageous. 3. More acceptable.
4. More safe. 5. Improved in health ; less affected with
disease. — 6. To be better off, to be in a better condition. —
7. To have the better, is to have tlie advantage or superi-
ority. — 8. To get or gain the better, is to obtoin the ad-
vantage, superiority or victory. — 9. For the better, is for
the advantage or irsiprovement.
BET'TER, adv. 1. In a more excellent manner •, with more
skill and wisdom, virtue, advantage or success. 2. More
correctly, or fully. 3. With superior excellence. 4. Vv^ith
more affection ; in a higher degree.
BET'TER, V. t. [Sax. beterian, betrian.] I. To improve ;
to meliorate ; to increase the good qualities of. 2. To
surpass ; to exceed. 3. To advance ; to support ; to give
advantage to.
BETTER, n. A superior ; one who has a claim to prece-
dence on account of his rank, age, or office.
BETTERED, pp. Improved ; meliorated ; made better.
BET'TER-ING, ppr. Making better ; improving.
BET'TER-ING-HOUSE, n. A house for the reformation of
offenders.
BET'TER-MENT, n. Improvement. TV. Montague.
BET'TER-NESS, n. Superiority. Tooker.
BET'TING, n. Proposing a wager. Sherwood.
BET'TOR, n. One who bets or lays a wager.
BET'TY, n. An instrument to break open doors.
BE-TUM BLED, a. Rolled about ; tumbled ; disordered.
BE-TWAT'TLED, a. Confounded ; overpowered ; stupe-
fied.
BE-TWEEN', prep. [Sax. betweonan, beticynan.] 1. In the
intermediate space, without regard to distance. 2. From
one to another ; passing from one to another, noting ex-
change of actions or intercourse. 3. Belonging to two or
more, in common or partnership. 4. Having mutual re-
lation to two or more. 5. Noting difference, or discrimina-
tion of one from another.
BE-TWIXT', prep. [Sax. betwyx, betwyxt.} 1. Between •,
in the space that separates two persons or things. 2.
Passing between ; from one to another, noting inter-
course.
BEVEL, n. [Fr. Miveau.'] 1. Among masons, carpenters,
joiners. Sec, an instrument, or kind of square, one leg of
which is frequently crooked, according to the sweep of an
arcli or vault. It is movable on a point or centre, and so
may be set to any angle. An angle that is not square
is called a bevel angle, whether obtuse or acute. 2. A
curve, or inclination of a surface from a right line.
BEV'EL, a. Crooked ; awry ; oblique. Bailey.
BEVEL, V. t. To cut to a bevel angle. Mozon.
BEVEL, v.i. To curve ; to incline towards a point, or from
a direct line.
BEVELED, pp. Formed to a bevel angle. Kirioan.
BEVEL-ING, ppr. Forming to a bevel angle.
BEVEL-ING, a. Curving ; bending from a right line.
BEVEL-ING, n. 1. A hewing of timber with a proper and
regular curve, according to a mold laid on one side of its
surface. 2. The curve or bevel of timber.
BEVEL-MENT, n. In mineralop-y, bevelment supposes the
removal of two contiguous segments from the edges, an-
gles or terminal faces of the predominant form, thereby
producing two new faces, inclined to each other at a cer-
tain angle, and forming an edge. Cleaveland.
Be'VER. See Beaver.
fBEVER, 71. [It. bevere.] A small repast between meals.
JBEVER, V. i. To take a small repast between meals.
BEVER-A6E, n. [It. beveraggio.] 1. Drink ; liquor for
drinking. It is generally used of a mixed liquor. 2. A
treat on wearing a new suit of clothes ; a treat on first
coming into prison •, a garnish.— 3. In England, water-
cider, a mixture of cider and water.
BEVILE, 71. In heraldry, a thing broken or opening, like a
carpenter's bevel.
BEVY, 71. A flock of birds ; hence, a company ; an assem-
bly or collection of persons ; usually applied to females.
BE-WaIL , V. t. To bemoan ■, to lament ; to express sorrow
for.
BE-WaIL', V. i. To express grief. Shak.
BE-WaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented.
BE-WaILED, (be-wald') pp. Lamented; bemoaned.
BE-WaIL ER, n. One who laments or bewails. Ward.
BE-WaILING, ppr. Lamenting; bemoaning; expressing
grief for.
BE-WaILTNG, 7?. Lamentation. Raleigh.
t BE-WaKE', V. t. To keep awake. Ooioer.
BE-WaRE', v.i. [Sax. beicerian, beujuriav, gemarian.] Lit-
erally, to restrain or guard one's self from. Hence, to re-
gard with caution ; to avoid ; to take care.
BE-WEEP', V. t. To weep over ; to bedew with tears. Shah.
{Little used.']
BE- WEEP', V. i. To make lamentation. [Little used,]
BE- WEPT', pp. Wept over ; bedewed with tears. ILittle
used.]
t BE-WET', v. t. To wet ; to moisten.
BE-WHoRE', v. t. To corrupt with regard to chastity.
Beaiuii. and Fletcher. To pronounce a whore. Shak.
BE-WIL'DER, v.t. [Dan.forvilder, vilder ; D. verwilderen.]
To lead into perplexity or confusion ; to lose in pathless
places ; to perplex with mazes.
BE-WIL'DERED, pp. Lost in mazes ; perplexed with dis-
order, confusion, or intricacy.
BE-WIL'DER-ING, ppr. Losing in a pathless place ; per-
plexing with confusion or intricacy.
t BE-WIN'TER, v. t. To make like winter.
BE-WITCH', v. t. 1. To fascinate ; to gain an ascendancy
over by charms or incantation. 2. To charm ; to fasci-
nate ; to please to such a degree as to take away the pow-
er of resistance. 3. To deceive and mislead by juggling
tricks or imposture.
BE-W[TCH'ED, (be-wichf) pp. Fascinated; charmed.
BE-W^ITCH'ED-NESS, n. State of being bewitciied. Bp
Oauden.
BE-WITCH'ER, n. One that bewitches or fascinates.
BE-WITCH'ER-Y, n. Fascination ; charm ; resistless pow
er of any thing that pleases.
BE-W^ITCH'FUL, a. Alluring ; fascinating.
BE-WITCH'ING, ppr. Fascinating ; charming.
BE-WITCH'ING, a. That has power to bewitch or las
cinate ; that has power to control by the arts of pleasing
BE-WITCH'ING-LY, adv. In a fascinating manner.
BE-WITCH'MENT, 7!. Fascination ; power of charming
t BE-W6N'DERED, a. Amazed. Fairfax.
BE-WRAP', (be-rap') v. t. To wrap up.
BE-WRaY', (be-ra') v. t. [Sax. wrecan, to tell ; awreon
onwreon, to reveal.] To disclose perfidiously ; to betray
to show or make visible. [T?iis word is nearly anti-
quated.]
BE-WRaY'ED, (be-rade') pp. Disclosed ; indicated ; be
trayed ; exposed to view.
BE-WRaY'ER, n. A divulger of secrets ; a discoverer.
BE-WR A r'ING, ppr. Disclosing; making known or visi
ble.
t BE- WRECK', (be-rek') v.t. To ruin ; to destroy.
t BE-WROUGHT', (be-rawf) a. Worked. Ben Jonson.
BEY, (ba) 71. In the Turkish dnminions, a governor of a.
town or particular district of country ; also, in some
places, a prince ; the same as the Arabic beg. See Beg.
BE-YOND', prep. [Sax. begeond, begeovdan.] I. On the
further side of; on the side most distant, at any indefinite
distance from that side. 2. Before ; at a place not yet
reached. Pope. 3. Past; out of reach of; further than
any given limit. 4. Above ; in a degree exceeding or
surpassing ; proceeding to a greater degree. — To go be-
yond is a phrase which expresses an excess in some action
or scheme ; to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in any
thing else ; hence, in a bad sense, to deceive or circum-
vent.
BE-YOND', adv. At a distance ; yonder. Spenser.
BEZ'AN, 71. A cotton cloth from Bengal, white or striped
BE-ZANT', 7i. A gold coin of Byzantium. See Btzant
BE-ZANT'LER, 7?. [from an^Zer.] The branch of a deer's
horn, next above the brow antler.
BEZ'EL, 7?,. [Sw. betzel, a rein.] The upper part of the coJ-
let of a ring, which encompasses and fastens the stone.
BE'ZoAR, 7(. [Pers.] T. An antidote ; a general name for
certain animal substances supposed to be efiicacious in
preventing the fatal effects of poison. Bezoar is a calca-
rious concretion found in the stomach of certain ruminan
animals. — 2. In a mare general sense, Rny substance form-
ed, stratum upon stratum, in the stomach or intestines of
animals. — Fossil-bezoar is a figured stone, formed, like the
animal bezoar, with several coats round some extraneous
body, which serves as a nucleus ; found chiefly in Sicily,
in sand and clay pits. — Bezoar-mineral. An oxyd of anti-
mony.
BEZ-0-aR'D1C, a. Pertaining to or compounded of bezoar
BEZ-O-AR'DIC, n. A medicine compounded with bezoar.
BEZ-0-AR'TI-CAL, a. Having the qualities of an antidote
BEZ'O-LA, 7^. A fish of the truttaceous kind.
t BEZ'ZLE, V. t. To waste in riot.
BHU-CHAMP'AC, n. A beautiful plant of India
BI'A, n. In commerce, a small shell called a coivri', much
valued in the East Indies.
BT-AN'GU-LATE, ^ a. [L. bis and angulus.] Having
Bl-AN'GU-LA-TED, > two angles or corners. [Little
Bl-AN'GU-LOUS, > iised.] -
BI-ARM'I-AN, a. Noting a race of Finns in Perme
Bl'AS, 71. [Arm. bihays, or vies ; Fr. biais.] 1. A weight on
the side of a bowl, which turns it from a straight line.
9. A leaning of the mind ; inclination ; prepossession ;
* See Synop^s. A, E, T, O, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— FiN, P.IARiNE, BiRD ;
t Obsolete
BID
87
BIG
propensity towards an object. 3. That which causes the
mind to lean or incline from a state of indifference to a
particular object or course.
Bl AS, V. t To incline to one side ; to warp ; to give a par-
ticular direction to the mind •, to prejudice ; to prepos-
tBi'AS-DRAW-ING, 71. Partiality. Shak.
Bl'ASED, pp. Inclined from a right line ; warped ; preju-
diced.
Bi'AS-ING, ppr. Giving a bias, particular direction, or pro-
pensity ; warping ; prejudicing.
t BI' AS-NESS, n. Inclination to some side
BIB, n. 1. A small piece of linen, or other cloth, worn by
children over the breast. 2. A fish about a foot in length,
the back of a light olive, the sides yellow, and the belly
white.
BIB, V. i [L. bibo.] To sip ; to tipple ; to drink frequently.
JLittle used.] Locke.
Bi-Ba€IOUS, a. [L. bibax.] Addicted to drinking ; dis-
posed to imbibe.
t Bi-BAC'I-TY, 71. The quality of drinking much.
BIBBER, 11. A tippler ; a man given to drinking ; chiefly
used in composition ; as, winebibber.
BIB BLE-BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk ; prating to no purpose.
Shak. [A low word, and not used ]
BIB'T-O, n. A name of the wine fly, a small insect.
BIBLE, n. [Gr. ^i(3\iov, j3i(3Xog, a book.] THE BOOK, by
way of eminence ; the sacred volume, in which are con-
tained the revelations of God.
BIB LER, 71. A tipler ; a great drinker.
BIBLI-€AL, a. Pertaining to tlie Bible.
BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. /3t/3Xof and ypa(pu).] One
who composes or compiles the history of books ; one
skilled in literary history ; a transcriber.
BIB-LI-0-GRAPH'I€, / a. Pertaining to the history of
BIB-LI-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, ^ books.
BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHY, n. A history or description of books ;
the perusal of books, and manuscripts, with notices of the
different editions, the times when they were printed, and
other infoiTOation tending to illustrate the history of liter-
ature.
BIB'LI-0-LITE, n. [Gr. ^i^Xiov and \tdos.] Bookstone.
BIB-LI-OM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. ^i^Xos and ixavreta.] A kind
of divination, performed by means of the Bible, consist-
ing in selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and
drawing from them indications concerning things future.
Southey.
BIB-LI-o-Ma'NI-A, n. [Gr. (3i0\iov and ixavia.] Book-mad-
ness ; a rage for possessing rare and curious books.
BIB-LI-0-Ma'NI-A€, n. One who has a rage for books.
BIB-LI-OP'0-L_S'x'. 7i. [Gr. j3i(i\iov and ttwXew.] A book-
seller.
BIB-LI-0-THe'-€AL, a. [L. bibliotheca.] Belonging to a
library.
BIB-LI-0TH'E-€A-RY, n. A librarian. Hall.
BIB-LI-0-TIlEKE', n. A library. Bale.
BIB'LIST, n. 1. With the Romanists, one who makes the
Scriptures the sole rule of faith. 2. One who is conver-
sant with the Bible.
BI-BRA€'TE-ATE, a. Doubly bracteate. Eaton.
BIB'Q-LOUS, a. [L. bibulus.] Spungy ; that has the quahty
of imbibing fluids or moisture.
Bl-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. bis and capsida.] In botany, hav-
ing two capsules containing seeds, to eacli flower.
Bi-€aR'BO-NATE, n. Supercarbonate ; a carbonate con-
taining two primes of carbonic acid.
Bl-€AU'DA, n. A fish of the sword-fish kind.
BICE, or BISE, n. Among painters, a blue color.
Bl-CIP'I-TAL, ) a. [L. biceps and caput.] Having two
Bl-CIP'I-TOUS, ^ heads, Applied to the muscles, it signi-
fies having two heads or origins ; and any such muscle i.«
denominated biceps.
BieiC'ER, V. i. [W. bicra ; Scot, bicker.] 1. To skirrr<ish ;
to fight off and on. [But in this sense rarely u-':<:d.] 2.
To quarrel ; to contend in words ; to scold ; to contend in
petuiant altercation. 3. To move quickly •. co quiver; to
be tremulous, like flame or water. Milton
BI€K'ER-ER, n. One who bickers, or engages m a petty
quaiTel.
BI€K'ER-ING, ppr. Q,uaneling : contending : quivering.
t BI€K'ER-MENT, 71. Contention. Spenser.
BICK'ERN, n. An iron ending in a beak or point.
Bl'CORN, 71. [L. bicornis.] A plant whose anthers have
the appearance of two horns.
Bl'CORN, \ -a ■ . ^
BI-€ORN'OUS \ °" J^^"^^iig two horns. Browne.
Bl-€OR'PO-RAL, a. [L. bicorpor.] Having two bodies.
BID, V. t. pret. bid, or bade ; pp. Ud, bidden. |Sax. biddan.]
1. To ask ; to request ; to invite. 2. To command ; to
order, or direct. 3. To offer ; to propose. 4. To pro-
claim ; to make known by a public voice. [Ois.] Shak.
5. To pronounce or declare. 6. To denounce, or threaten.
7. To wish, or pray.— 7*0 bid beads, is to pray with beads,
as the Catholics. — To bid fair, is to open or offer a good
prospect ; to appear fair.
BID, or BID'DEN, pp. of bid. Invited ; offered ; com-
manded.
BID, 71. An offer of a price ; a Tjoord much used at auctions.
BID'ALE, n. In Eiigland, an invitation of friends to drink
ale at some poor man's house, and there to contribute in
charity.
BID'DER, 71. One who offers a price. Burke.
BID'DING, ppr. Inviting ; offering ; commanding.
BID'DING, 71. Invitation ; command ; order ; a proclama-
tion or notifying. Shak.
BIDE, t;.i. [Sd^x. bidan.] 1. To dwell ; to mhabit. 2. To
remain ; to continue, or be permanent, in a place or state
[JVearly antiqiiated.] Shak.
BIDE, V. t. To endure ; to suffer. Shak.
BI'DENS, 71. A plant, bur marigold. Muhlenberg.
Bl-DENT'AL, a. [Ju. bidens.] Having two teeth.
BI-DET', 7t. [Fr.] A small horse.
BiD'ING, ppr. Dwelling ; continuing ; remaining
BiD'ING, 71, Residence ; habitation. Rowe.
BID'ON, 77. A measure of liquids.
Bl-EN'IN'I-AL, c. [lu. biennis.] 1. Continuing for two years ;
or happening, or'" taking place, once in two years. 2. In
botany, continuing for two years, and then perishing.
BI-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in two years ; at the return
of two years.
BIeR, 7(. [Sax. beer.] A carriage or frame of wood for con-
veying dead human bodies to the grave.
BIeR'-BALK, 7i. Tlie church road for burials. [JVot used
inAjnerica.] Homilies.
BIeST'IJSGS, 71. plu. [Sax. bijst, or bijsting ; Ger, biest-
milch.] The first mUk given by a cow after calving.
Bi-Fa-RI-OUS, a. [L. bifarius.] Two-fold. In botany,
pointing two ways.
BT-Fa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a bifarious manner.
BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. Infer, biferus.] Bearing fruit twice a
_year.
Bl'FID, I a. [L. bifidus, Mfidatus.] In botany, two-
BIF'I-DATE, \ cleft ; divided ; opening with a cleft.
BIF'LO-ROUS, fl. [h.bisajiAfloreo.] Bearing two flowers.
Marty n.
Bl'FoLD, a. [L. 6is, and /oZtZ.] Two fold 5 double; of two
kinds, degrees, &c.
Bl'FORM, a. [L. biformis.] Having two forms, bodies, or
shapes.
Bl'FORMED, a. Compounded of two forms.
Bl-FORM'I-TY, n. A double form. More.
Bl'FUR-€ATE, )a. \Ia. bifurcus.] Forked; divided into
BT'FUR-€A-TED, \ two branches.
Bi-FUR-€a'TION, 71. A forking, or division into two
branches.
Bl-FUR'€OUS, a. Two-forked. Coles.
BIG, a. 1. Bulky ; protuberant ; pregnant. 2. Great ;
large. 3. Full ; fraught, and about to have vent, or be
brought forth. 4. Distended ; full, as with grief or pas-
sion. Shak. 5. Swelled ; tumid ; inflated, as with pride ;
hence, haughty in air or mien, or indicating haughtiness ;
proud. 6. Great in spirit ; lofty ; brave.
BIG, n. A kind of barley.
\B\G,v.t. \&d.-x. by^gan.] To build.
I BIG'AM, 7i. A bigamist. Bp. Peacock.
BIG'A-MIST, 71. One who has committed bigamy, or had
two wives at once.
BIG'A-MY, n. [L. bis, and Gr. yanoq.] The crime of having
two wives at once, or a plurality of wives.
BIG'BEL-LIED, a. Having a great belly ; advanced in
pregnancy.
BIG-BoN'ED, a. Having large bones. Herbert.
BIG'eORNED, a. Having large grains. Dryden.
BT-OEM'I-NATE, a. [L. bis and geminv^.l Twin-forked.
BIG'GEL, n. A quadruped of the East Indies.
BIG'GEN, V. i. To recover after l5'ing in. Brockett.
BIG'GIN, 71. [Tr.beguin.] 1. A child's cap, or something
worn about the head. 2. A building. 0&5. [Sax. 6?/^^a7!.]
Shak.
BIGHT, (bite) n. [D. bogt.] 1. A bend, or small bay be-
tween two points of land. 2. The double part of a rope
when folded, in distinction from the end ; that is, a round,
bend, or coil, any where except at the ends. 3. The in-
ward bent of a horse's chambrel, and the bent of the fore
knees.
BIG'LY, adv. In a tumid, swelling, blustering manner ;
haughtily.
BIG'NAMED, a. Having a great or famous name.
BIG'NESS, 7i. Bulk ; size ; largeness ; dimensions.
BIG'OT, 71. [Fr. bigot.] 1. A person who is obstinately and
unreasonably wedded to a particular religious creed, opin-
ion, practice, or ritual. 2. A Venetian liquid measure.
BIG'OT, I a. Obstinately and blindly attached to some
BIG'OT-ED, ( creed, opinion, practice, or ritual,
BIG'OT-ED-LY, adv. In the manner of a bigot ; pertina-
ciously.
BIG'OT-RY, n. 1. Obstinate or blind attachment to a
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this, f ObsoleU
BIL
88
BIN
particular creed ; unreasonable zeal or waimth in favor of
a party, sect, or opinion ; excessive prejudice. 2. The
]iractice or tenet of a bigot. Pupe.
-BTG'SOUND-ING, a. Having a pompous sound.
BlG'SWoLN, a. Swelled to a large size ; turgid ; greatly
swelled •, ready to burst,
JBIG'-[JD-DERED, a. Having large udders, or udders
swelled with milk. Pope,
B7-HY-DR0G U-RET, n. A double bydroguret, or with two
atoms of hydrogen.
Bl-Ju'GOUS, a. [L lis a.n&. jugum.'] Having two pairs of
leaflets.
Bi-La'BI-ATE, a. [L. lis and lalium.'] Having two lips, as
the corols of flowers.
Ei-LAM EL-LATE, a. [L. bis and lamella.} Having the
form of a flatted sphere, longitudinally bifid.
BI'L/iND-ER, n. [D. bylandcr.] A small merchant vessel
with two masts. It is a kind of hoy, manageable by four
or five men and used chiefly in the canals of the Low
Countries.
Bl-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. bis and latus.} Having two sides.
BEL'BER-RY, n. The name of a shrub and its fruit ; a spe-
cies o( vaccinium, or whortle-berry.
BIL'BO, n. A rapier ; a sword ; so named, it is said, from
Bilboa, in Spain, where the best are made.
BIL'BoES, n. phi. On board of ships, long bars or bolts of
iron, used to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders.
BIL'BO-aUET, ?,. [Pr.] The toy called a cup and ball.
BILD, V. t. ; pret. bilded, bill ; pp. bilded, bill. [G. bilden ;
Dan. bilder.] To construct ; to erect ; to set up and finish.
[This is tlie true orthography. See Build.]
BILD'STEiN, n. Agalmatolite, or figure-stone.
BILE, n. [L. bilis ; Fr. bile.'] A yellow, bitter liquor, sep-
arated from the blood in the liver, collected in the pori
biliarii, and gall bladder, and thence discharged by the
common duct into the duodenum.
BILE, 71. An inflamed tumor. [See Boil, the correct or-
thography.]
BlLE'DUCT, n. {bile, and L. ductus.] A vessel or canal to
convey bile. Darwin.
BILE'STONE, n. A concretion of viscid bile.
BILGE, w. [a different orthography of &iiZg-e.] 1. The pro-
tuberant part of a cask. 2. Tlie breadth of a ship's
bottom.
BILGE, V. i. To suffer a fracture in the bilge ; to spring a
leak by a fracture in the bilge.
BILGED, pp. or a. Having a fracture in the bilge. This
participle is often used, as if the verb were transitive.
BILGE'-FUMP, n. A burr-pump ; a pump to draw the
bilge- water from a ship.
B1L6E'-WA-TER, n. Water which enters a ship, and lies
upon her bilge, or bottom.
BIL'IA-RY", a. [1,. bills.] Belonging to the bile ; conveying
the bile.
BIL'INGS-GATE, n. [from a place of this name in London,
frequented by low people, who use foul language.] Foul
language ; ribaldry.
Bl-LIN'GUOUS, a. [L. bis and lingua.] Having two
tongues, or speaking two languages.
BIL'IOUS, a. [li.bilinsus.] Pertaining to bile ; consisting or
partakingof bile 5 caused by a redundancy, or bad state
of the bile.
Bl-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. bis and litera.] Consisting of two
tetters.
BT-LlVE', adv. The same as belive.
BILK, V. t. [Goth, bilaikan.] To frustrate or disappoint ; to
deceive or defraud by non-fulfillment of engagement.
BILK'ED, j>jj. Disappointed; deceived; defrauded.
BILK'ING, ppr. Frustrating ; defrauding.
BILL, n. [Sax. bile.] 1. The beak of a fowl. 2. An in-
strument used by plumbers, basket-makere, and garden-
ers, made in the form of a crescent, and fitted with a
handle.
BILL, n. [Sax. bil.] A pick-axe, or mattock ; a battle-axe.
BILL, ?i. [Norm. ftiZZe.] 1. In Za?fl, a declaration, in writing,
expressing some wrong or fault.— 2. In law, and in covi-
rnerce, in England, an obligation or security given for
money, but without forfeiture for non-payment. 3, A
form or draft of a law, presented to a legislature, but not
enacted. 4. An advertisement posted. 5. Any written
paper, containing a statement of particulars, or amount of
goods sold. 6. A bill of exchange is an order drawn on a
person, requesting him to pay money to some person
assigned by the drawer. 7. A bill of entry is a written
account of goods entered at the custom house. 8. A bill
of Lading is a written account of goods shipped by any
person . 9. A bill of mortality is an account of the num-
ber of deaths in a place, in a given time. 10. Bank-hill.
[See Baxsk.] 11. A bill ef rights is a nummary of rights
and privileges claimed by a peopiC. 12. A bill of di-
vorce, in the Jewish law, was a writing <riven by the hus-
b;uul to tlie wife, by which the marriage relation was
dissolved.
RILL, 0. i. To join bills, as doves ; to caress in fondness.
BILL, v.t. To advertise oy a bill or public notice ; a cant
word. L^Estrange.
BlLIi'ARD, n. A bastard or imperfect capon ; also, a fish of
the cod kind. .Ash.
BILL^ET, n. [Fr. billet.] A small paper or note in writing,
used for various purposes ; sometimes it is a short letter,
addressed to some person ; sometimes a ticket directing
soldiers at what house to lodge.
BILL'ET, 7t. [Fi. billot.] A small stick of wood.
BILL'ET, V. t. To direct a soldier by a ticket or note where
to lodge ; to quarter, or place in lodgings.
BILL E'T-D(JUX, (bil'le-doo) n. [Fr.] A love billet.
BILLET-ING, ppr. Uuartering, as soldiers in private
houses.
BILL'IARD, (bil'yaid) a. Pertaining to the game of billiards.
BILL'IARDS, (bib'yardz) n. phi. [Fr. billard.] A game
played on a rectangular table, covered with a green cloth,
with small ivory balls, which the players aim to drive into
hazard-nets, or pockets, at the sides and corners of the
tables, by impelling one ball against another, with maces
or cues.
BILL'iON, (bil'yun) n. [L. bis, and million.] A million of
millions ; as many millions as there are units in a million.
BIL'LoW, n. [Dan. biilge ; Sw. bblja.] A great wave or
surge of the sea, occasioned usually by violent wind.
BIL'LoW, V. i. To swell ; to rise and roll in large waves,
or surges. Prior.
BIL'LoW-BEAT-EN, a. Tossed by billows.
BIL'LoW-ING, jjpr. Swelled into large waves or surges.
BIL'LoW-Y, a. Swelling, or swelled into large waves ;
wavy ; full of billows, or surges.
t BIL'MAN, 71. He who uses a bill.
Bl-LOB'ED, or Bl-Lo'BATE, a. [L. bis, and Gr. \o^os.']
Divided into two lobes,
Bl-LO€'U-LAR, a. [L. bis and loculus.] Divided into two
cells, or containing two cells internally.
BIL'VA, 71. The Hindu name of a plant.
Bi-Ma'NOUS, a. [L. bis and 7nanus.] Having two hands
Ma.n is bimanous. Lawrence.
BI-Me'DI-AL, a. [L. bis and medial.] 1. In mathematics
if tvvo medial lines, A B and B C, commensurable only in
power, and containing a rational rectangle, are com-
pounded, the whole line A C will be irrational, and is
called a first bimedial line, 2. Belonging to a quantity
arising from a particular combination of two other quanti-
ties.
BIN, n. [Sax. binn, or binne.] A wooden box or chest, used
as a repository of corn or other commodities,
t BIN. The old word for be and been.
BIN'A-€LE, 7). [Formerly, bittacle.] A wooden case, or
box, in which the compass and lights are kept on board a
ship,
Bl'NA-RY, a. [L. binus.] Two ; dual. — Binary number ia
that which is composed of two units.
Bl'NA-RY, 7?. The constitution of two. Fotherby.
Bl'NATE, a. [L. binus.] Being double, or in couples ; grow-
ing in pairs.
BIND, V. t. pret, bound ; pp, bound, and obs. bounden.
[Sax. hindan.] 1. To tie together, or confine with a cord,
or any thing that is flexible ; to fasten, as with a band,
fillet, or ligature. 2. To gird, inwrap, or involve ; to
confine by a wrapper, cover, or bandage. 3. To confine,
or restrain, as with a chain, fetters, or cord. 4. To re-
strain in any manner. 5. To oblige by a promise, vow,
stipulation, covenant, law, duty, or any other moral tie ;
to engage. 6. To confirm or ratify, 7. To distress,
trouble, or confine by infirmity. 8. To constrain by a
powerful influence or persuasion. 9. To restrain the nat
ural discharges of the bowels ; to make costive. 10, To
form a border ; to fasten with a band, ribin, or any thing
that strengthens the edges, 11. To cover with leather, or
any thing firm ; to sew together and cover. 12. To cover
or secure by a band. 13. To oblige to serve, by contract
lA. To make hard or firm, — To bind to, is to contract, —
_To bind over, is to oblige by bond to appear at a court
Bind, v.i. 1. To contract; to grow hard or stiflf. 2. To
grow or become costive, 3. To be obligatory.
BIND, 71. A stalk of hops, so called from its winding round
a pole, or tree, or being bound to it.
BINDER, n. 1. A person who binds ; one whose occupa-
tion is to bind books ; one who binds sheaves. 2. Any
_thing that binds, as a fillet, or band.
BiND'ER-Y, n. A place where books are bound,
BlND'lNG, ppr. Fastening with a band ; confining j re-
straining ; covering or wrapping ; obliging by a promise
or other moral tie ; making costive ; contracting; making
hard or stiff.
BIND'ING, a. That obliges ; obligatory.
BIND'ING, 7!. The act of fastening with a band, or obliging ;
a bandage ; the cover of a book, with the sewing and ac-
companying work ; any thing that binds ; something that
secures the edge of cloth.
BIND'-WEED, n. A genus of plants, called convolvulus.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O. V, 1% lo7ig.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;,— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— f Obsolete
BIR
BIS
BING, n. In alum works, a heap of alum thrown together
in order to drain.
BIiN'0-€LE, /I. [L. binus and oculus.] A dioptric telescope,
fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a person to
view an object with both eyes at once.
lJl-NO€'U-LAR, a. Having two eyes ; also, having two
apertures, or tubes.
Bl-iXoMI-AL, a. [L. bis and nnmen.] In aZo-cJra, a root
consisting of two members, connected by the signpZits or
minus.
Bl-NOM'l-NOUS, a. [L. bis and nomen.] Having two
names.
Bl-NOT'O-NOUS, a. Consisting of two notes.
Bl-OG'RA-PHER, n. One who writes an account or history
of the life and actions of a particular person ; a writer of
lives.
Bl-O-GRAPH'ie, ) a. Pertaining to biography, or the
BI-0-GRAPHI-€AL, \ history of the life of a person ;
containing biography.
Bl-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. (Siog and Yp(z<}ju).] The history of
the life and character of a particular person.
BI-0-Tl'NA, n. A Vesuvian mineral.
BIOVA€, or BIHOVAC. See Bivouac.
BIPA-ROUS, a. [L. bis and pario.] Bringing forth two at a
birth.
EI-PaRT'I-BLE, or BIP'AR-TILE, a. [L. bis aiidpartio.]
That may be divided into two parts.
Bl-PAR'TIENT, a. [L. bis and partio, partiens.] Dividing
into two parts.
BIP'AR-TITE, a. {li.bis axiApartitus.] 1. Having two cor-
respondent parts. — 2. In botany, divided into two parts to
the base, as a leaf.
Br-PAR-Tl''TION, 71. The act of dividing into two parts,
or of making two correspondent parts.
BIPED, n. [L. bipes.} An animal having two feet, as man.
BIP'E-DAL, a. Having two feet, or the length of two feet.
Bl-PEN'NATE, a. [L. bis and penna.] 1. Having two
wings. — 2. In botany, having pinnate leaves.
Bl-PET'A-LOUS, a. [L. bis, and Gr. ireraXov.] Consisting
of two flower leaves ; having two petals.
BI-PIX'NA-Tf-FID, I a. [1.. bis, pinna, and findo.] DouWy-
Bl-PEX'.V A-TI-FID, \ pinnatifid ; having pinnatifid leaves
on each side of the petiole.
Bl-QUAD'RATE, n. [L. bis and quadratus.'] In mathemat-
ics, tlie fourth power, arising from the multiplication of a
_square by itself.
BT-aUAD-RAT'I€, n. The sam.e as biguadrate.
Bi-QUAD-RAT'I€, a. Pertaining to the biquadratic, or
fourth power.
Bl-Q,b IN'TILE, n. [L. bis and quintus.] An aspect of the
planets, when they are distant from each other, by twice
the fifth part of a great circle.
BI-Ra'DI-ATE, fa. [L. bis and radiatus.] Haviiig two
Bi-Ra'DI-A-TED, \ rays.
BiRCH, n [Sax. birce.] A genus of trees, the betula, of
which there are several species.
BiRCH 'en ["" Made of birch; cons'sting of birch.
BiRCH WiNE, n. Wine made of the vernal juice of
birch.
BtRD, 71. [Sax. bird, or bridd, a chicken.] 1. Properly, a
chicken, the young of fowls, and hence, a small fowl. 2.
In modern use, any fowl, or flying animal.
BiRD, V. t. To catch birds. Shak.
Bird of paradise. A g"nus of birds, found in the Oriental
isles, some of them remarkably beautiful.
BtRD'BoLT, 71. An arrow for shooting birds.
BiRD'-€A6E, 7). A box or case for keeping birds.
BtRD'CALL, 71. A little stick, cleft at one end, in which is
put a leaf of some plant, for imitating the cry of birds.
BiRD'€ATCH-ER, n. One whose employment is to catch
birds ; a fowler.
BiRD'-CATCH-ING, n. The art of taking birds.
BiRD'-CHER-RY, n. A tree, a species of prunus.
BiRD'ER, 7). A bird catcher.
BtRD'-E-YE, or BtRDS'-EYE, a. Seen from above, as if by
a flving bird. Burke.
BiRD'EYED, a. Of quick sight.
BlRO'-FAN-CI-ER, n. One who delights in buds.
BiRD'ING-PlECE, n. A fowling-piece.
BtRD'-LIKE, a. Resembling a bird.
BiRD'-LIME, 71. A viscous substance, used to catch birds.
BiRD'-LIMED, a. Smeared with bird-lime ; spread to en-
snare. Hoirell.
BtRD'-MAN, V. A fowler, or bird-catcher.
BiRTj'-PEP-PER, 7!. A species of Guinea-pepper.
BlRDS'EYE, n. A genus of plants, called also pheasants-
eve.
BIRDS? FOOT, n. A plant, the orvithopus.
BiRDJ?'FOOT-TRE-FOTL, v. A genus of plants.
BiKDS'NEST, 7?, 1 The nest in which a bird lays eggs,
and hatches her young. 2. A plant.— 3. In cookery, the
nest of a small swallow, of China and the neighboring
countries, delicately tasted, and esteemed a luxury.
BiRDj-WIT-TED, a. Not having the faculty of attention
BI-ReME', u. [L. biremis.] A vessel with two banks or lien
of oars. Jilitford.
BiRG'AN-DER, 7i. The name of a wild goose.
Bl-RHOM-BOIDAL, a. Having a surface composed of
tweive rhombic faces.
I BiRK'EN, V. t. [from birch. Sax. birce, byre] To beat
with a birch or rod.
BI-ROS'TRATE, ) a. [L. bis and rostrum.] Having a
Bl-ROS'TRA-TED, \ double beak, or process resembling
a beak.
BIRT, ft. A fish, called also turbot.
BiRTH, 71. [Sax. byrd, beorth.] 1. The act of coming into
life, or of being born. Except in poetry, it b! generally ap-
plied to human beings. 2. Lineage ; extractir.n , de-
scent. 3. Tlie condition in which a person is bom. 4
That which is born •, that which is produced, whether
animal or vegetable. 5. The act of bringing forth 6.
Origin ; beginning.
BiRTH, BERTH, n. A station in which a ship rides. See
Berth.
BiKTH'DAY, 71. 1. The day in which any person is bom
2. The same day of the month in which a person was
bom, in every succeeding year.
fBiRTH'DOM, n. Privilege of birth. Shak.
BiRTH'LNG, 77. Anything added to raise the sides of a
sliip.
BiRTH'NIGHT, 7!. The night in which a person is bom ;
and the annivei-sary of that night in succeeding years.
BiRTH'PLACE, 72. The town, city, or country, where a
person is born.
BiRTH'RiGHT, n. Any right or privilege, to which a per-
son is entitled by birth.
BiRTH'-SONG, ?i. A song sung ot the birth of a person.
BiRTH'-STRAN-GLED, a. Strangled or suffocated in being
born. Shak.
BiRTH'WoRT, 71. A genus of plants, aristolochia.
BI'SA, or BI'ZA, n. A coin of Pegu, of the value of half a
ducat ; also, a weisht.
BIS'€0-T1N, n. [Frr] A confection, made of flour, sugar,
marmelade, and eggs.
BIS'eUIT, (bis'kit) n. [Fr. ; compounded of L. bis, twice,
and cj/tt, baked.] 1. A kind of bread, formed into cakes,
and baked hard for seamen. 2. A cake, variously made,
for the use of private families. 3. The body o an earth-
en vessel, in distinction from the glazing.
BI-SECT', V. t. [L. bis and seco. ] To cut or divide into
two parts.
BT-SECT'ED, pp. Divided into two equal parts.
Bl-SECT'ING, ppr. Dividing into two equal parts.
Bl-SE€'TION, n. The act of cutting into two equal parts ;
the division of any line or quantity into two equal parts.
Bl-SEG'MENT, n. One of the parts of a line divided into
two equal parts.
Bl-SEX'OUS, a. Consisting of both sexes. Brown.
BISH'OP, 71. [L. episcopus ; Gr. ETntrKoirog ; Sax biscop.] 1.
An overseer ; a spiritual superintendent, mler. or director.
2. In the privative church, a spiritual overseer ; an elder
or presbyter ; one who had the pastoral care of a church.
3. In the Greek, Latin, and some Protestant churches, a
prelate, or person consecrated for the spiritual government
and direction of a diocese.
BISH'OP, n. A cant word for a mixture of wuie, oranges,
and sugar. Swift.
BISH OP, V. t. 1. To confirm ; to admit solemnly into the
church. 2. Among horse-dealers, to use arts to make an
old horse look like a young one.
BISHOP-LIKE, a. Resembling a bishop; belonging to a
bishop.
BISH'OP-LY, a Belonging to a bishop.
BISH'OP-Rl€, n. [bishop and ric] 1. A diocese ; the dis-
trict over which the jarisdiction of a bishop extends. 2.
The charge of iastructhig and governing in spiritual con-
cerns , office
BISH'OPS-V\^EED, t;. A genus of plants, with the generic
name ammi.
BISH'OPS-WoRT, 77. A plant.
BISK, 7). [Fr. bi.=:qxie.] Soup or broth, made by boiling seve
ral sorts of flesh together.
BISK'ET, 1?. A biscuit. This orthography is adopted b^
many respectable writers.
BIS'MUTH, 7). [G. 7inssmuth.] A metal of a yellowisli, o
reddish-white color, and a lamellar texture.
BTg'MU-THAL, a. Consistinjr of bismuth, or containing it
BIS MU-THTC, a. Pertaining to bismuth.
BI'SON, 71. [L.] A quadruped of the bovine genus, usually,
but improperly, called the buffalo.
BIS-SEX'TiLE, n. [L. hissertilis.] Leap year, every fourth
year, in which a day is added to the month of February
on account of the excess of 6 hours, which the civU yeai
contains above 365 days.
BIS-SEXTiLE, a. Pertaining to the leap year
♦ See {iinopsis MOVE, BQOK. D6VE ;— B1JLL,UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH a8 in this + Obsolete.
BIT
90
BLA
t BIS'SON, a. [Sax. lisen.] Blind. Shak.
BIS'TER, n. [Fr. bistre.'\ Among painters, the burnt oil ex-
tracted from tlie soot of wood ; a brown pigment.
BISTORT, n. [L. Mstorta.] A plant, a species of polygo-
num, or many-knotted or angled.
BIS«TOU-RY, (bis'tu-ry) n. [Fr. Ustouri.] A surgical in-
stiument for making incisions.
3l-SUL€'OUS, a. [L. bisulcus.] Cloven-footed, as swine or
oxen
Bl-SUL'PHU-RET, n. In chemistry, a sulphuret with a
double proportion of sulphur. Silliman.
BIT, n. [Sax. bitoL] The iron part of a bridle which is in-
serted m the mouth of a horse, and its appendages, to
which the reins are fastened.
BIT, v.t. To put a bridle upon a horse ; to put the bit in
the mouth.
BIT, pret. and pp. of bite. Seized or wounded by the teeth.
BIT, n. [Sax. Mta.] 1. A small piece ; a mouthful, or
morsel ; a bite. 2. A small piece of any substance. 3, A
small coin of the West Indies. 4. The point of an auger,
or other borer ; the bite. — This Avord is used, like jot and
whit, to express the smallest degree ; as, he is not a bit
wiser or better.
BITCH, n. [Sax. bicca, bicce, bice.] 1. The female of the
canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox. 2. A name of
reproach for a woman. Pope.
BITE, V. t. pret. bit ; pp. bit, bitten. [Sax. bitan.] 1. To
break or crush with the teeth, as in eating ; to pierce with
the teeth, as a serpent ; to seize with the teeth, as a dog.
2. To ;>inch or pain, as with cold. 3. To reproach with
sarcasm ; to treat with severity by words or writing. 4.
To pierce, cut, or wound. 5. To make to smart. 6. To
cheat ; to trick. Pope. 7. To enter the ground, and hold
fast, as the bill and palm of an anchor.
BITE, n. 1. The seizure of any thing by the teeth of an an-
imal. 2. The wound made by the teeth. 3, A morsel ;
a mouthful. 4. A cheat; a trick; a fraud. [.£ loio word.]
J.. A sharper ; one who cheats.
BiT'ER, n. 1. One who bites ; that which bites ; a fish
apt to take bait. 2. One who cheats or defrauds.
BI-TERN'ATE, a. [L. bis and ternus.] In botany, doubly
ternate.
BlT'ING, ppr. Seizing, wounding, or crushing with the
teeth ; pinching, paining, causing to smart with cold ; re-
proaching with severity , or treating sarcastically ; cheat-
ing.
BlT'ING, a. Sharp ; severe ; sarcastic.
BiT'ING-LY, adv. In a sarcastic or jeering manner.
PIT'LESS, a. Not having a bit or bridle. Fanshaw.
E^T'MOUTH, n. The bit, or that part of a bridle wlych is
put in a horse's mouth.
BIT'TA-€LE, n. The box for the compasses and lights on
board a ship. See Binnacle.
BTT'TEN, (bit'tn) pp. of bite. Seized or wounded by the
BIT'Te'r, a. [Sax. biter.] 1. Sharp or biting to the taste ;
acrid ; like wormwood. 2. Sharp ; cruel ; severe ; as,
hitter enmity. Heb. i. 3. Sharp, as words ; reproachful ;
sarcastic. 4. Sharp to the feeling ; pierchig ; painful ;
that makes to smart. 5. Painful to the mind ; calami-
tous ; poignant. 6. Afflicted ; distressed. 7. Hurtful ;
very sinful. 8. Mournful ; distressing ; expressive of
misery.
BIT'TER, n. A substance that is bitter. See Bitters.
BIT'TER, n. In marine language, a turn of the cable which
is round the bitts.
f BIT'TER-FUL, a. Full of bitterness.
BIT'TER-GoURD, n. A plant, a species of cucumis.
BIT'TER-ISH, a. Somewhat bitter ; bitter in a moderate
degree. Goldsmith.
BIT'TER-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being moderately
bitter. Encyc.
BIT'TER-LY, adv. 1. With a bitter taste. 2. In a severe
manner ; in a manner expressing poignant grief. 3. In a
manner severely reproachful ; sharply ; severely ; an-
grily.
BIT'TERN, n. [D.butoor.] A fowl of the ^mHic order, the
ard".a stellaris. It has long legs and neck, and stalks
among reeJs and sedge, feeding upon fish.
BIT'TERN, n. [from bitter.] In salt works, the brine re-
maining after the salt is concreted.
BIT'TER- NESS, n. 1. A bitter taste ; or rather a quality in
things which excites a biting, disagreeable sensation in the
tongue. 2. In a j^^wratitje sense, extreme enmity, grudge,
hatred. 3. Sharpness ; severity of temper. 4. Keenness
of reproach ; piquancy ; biting sarcasm. 5. Keen sor-
row ; painful affliction ; vexation ; deep distress of
mind.
BIT'TERS, n. A liquor in which bitter herbs or roots are
steeped.
BIT'TER-SALT, n. Epsom salt.
lUT'TER-SPAR, n. Rhombspar, a mineral.
BlT'TER-SWEET, n. A species of solanum, a slender,
climbing plant. Encye.
BIT'TER-VETCH, n. 1. A species of ervuvi, or lentil, cul-
tivated for fodder. 2 A genus of plants, known by the
generic name orobus.
BIT'TER- VV6RT, n. The plant called gentian.
BIT'TOUR, or BIT'TOR, n. The bittern. Dryden.
BITTS, n. plu. A frame of two strong pieces of timber fixed
perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to fas-
ten the cables, wnen she rides at anchor.
BITT, V. t. To put round the bitts ; as, to bitt the cable.
BI-TtfME', '«. Bitumen, so written for the sake of the
rhj'^me. May.
BI-TuM'ED, a. Smeared with pitch. Shak.
*BIT'U-MEN, ) ?!, [L.] This name is used to denote va-
* BI-Tu'MEN, \ rious inflammable substances, of a strong
smell, and of different consistencies, which are found in
theearth.
BI-Tu'MI-NATE, v. t. To impregnate with bitumen.
BI-Tu'MI-NA-TED, a. Impregnated with bitumen.
BI-TU-MI-N_lF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bitumen. Kirwan.
BI-Tu'MI-NiZE, V. t. To form into, or impregnate with
bitumen. Lit. Mag.
BI-Tu'MI-NOUS, a. Having the qualities of bitumen ;
compounded with bitumen ; containing bitumen.
Bi'VALVE, n. An animal having two valves, or a shell
consisting of two parts, which open and shut.
Bi'VALVE, BI-VALV'U-LAR, or Bl-VALV'OUS, a. Hav-
ing two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oys-
ter, and the seed cases of certain plants.
Bl-VAULT'ED, a. [L. bis, and vault.] Having two vaults
or arches. Barlow.
Bl-VENT'RAL, a. [L. bis and venter.] Having two bellies.
Bailey.
BIV'I-OUS, a. [L. bivius.] Having two ways, or leading
two ways.
BIVOUAC, (biv'wak) n. [Fr.] The guard or watch of a
whole army, as in cases of great danger of surprise or at-
tack.
BIVOUAC, (biv'wak) v. t. To watch, or be on guard, as a
whole army.
BIX'WoRT, n. A plant.
BIZANTINE. See Byzantine.
BLAB, tj. i. {W.llavaru.] 1. To utter or tell in a thought-
less manner ; to publish secrets or trifles without discre-
tion. 2. To tell or utter ; in a good sense. Shak.
BLAB, V. i. To tattle ; to tell tales. Shak.
BLAB, n. A babbler ; a telltale ; one who betrays secrets.
BLAB'BER, n. A tattler ; a telltale.
t BLAB'BER, v. i. 1. To whistle to a horse. 2. To falter ;
to fib.
BLAB'BER-LIPPED. See Blobber-lipped.
BLAB'BING, ppr. Telling indiscreetly what ought to be
concealed ; tattling.
BLACK, a. [Sax. 6Zac, and &Z(ec.] I. Of the color of night ;
destitute of light ; dark. 2. Darkened by clouds. 3. Sul-
len ; having a cloudy looker countenance. 4. Atrocious-
ly wicked •, horrible. 5. Dismal ; mournful ; calamitous.
— Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh,
which is accompanied with a mixture of blue.
BLACK, n. 1. That whicli is destitute of light or white-
ness ; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color.
2. A negro ; a person whose skin is black. 3. A black
dress, or mourning.
BLACK, V. t. To make black ; to blacken ; to soil.
BLACK' ACT, n. The English statute, 9 Geo. I., which
makes it felony to appear armed in any park or warren,
&c., or to hunt or steal deer, &c., with the face blacked,
or disguised^
BLACK' A-MoOR, n. A man by nature of a black complex-
ion. Locke.
BLACK '-BALL, n. A composition for blacking shoes.
BLACK'-BALL, v. t. To reject or negative in choosing, by
putting black balls into a ballot-box.
BLACK'BAR, n. A plea obliguig the plaintiff to assign the
place of trespass.
BLACK'-BER-RIED-HeATH, n. A plant.
BLACK'-BER-RY, n. [Sax. blacberian.] The berry of the
briimible, or rubus.
BLACK'-BiRD, n. A species of bird ; a singing bh-d with
a fine note.
BLA€K'-BOOK, n. 1. The Black-Book of the exchequer in
England, composed in 1175. 2. Any book which treats of
necromancy. 3. A book compiled by order of the visitors
of monasteries, under Henry VIII., containing a detailed
account of the enormities practised in religious houses, to
blacken them, and to hasten their dissolution.
BLACK'-BROWED, a. Having black eye-brows ; gloomy;
dismal ; threatening.
BLACK'-BRY'O-NY, n. A plant ; the tamus.
BLACK'-CAP, w. 1. A bird, the mock-nightingale. 2. In
cookery, an apple roasted till black.
BLACK '-CAT-TLE, n. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls,
oxen, and cows. [EnglisJi.]
BLACK-CHALK, (black'chawk) n. A mineral of a bluish-
black color' ; a variety of argillaceous slate.
See Synopsis
A, K, I, O, V, ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR^Y ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
BLA
91
BLA
l}LACK'-€OeK, n. A fowl, called also black-grous and
hlacl:-game.
BLACK'-isA-GLE, n. In Scotland, a name given to the
falco fulcus.
BLACK EARTH, n. Mold ; earth of a dark color.
BLA€K'ED, (blakt) pp. Made black ; soiled.
BLACKEN, (blak'kn) v. t. [Sax. blmcan.^ 1. To make
black. Franklin. 2. To make dark ; to darken ; to
cloud. 3. To soil. 4. To sully reputation ; to make in-
famous.
BLA€K EN, v. i. To grow black, or dark.
BLACKEN-ER, n. He that blackens.
BLA€K'-EyED, a. Having black eyes.
BLA€K'-FACED, a. Having a black face.
BLA€K'-FISH, n. 1. A fish in the Orontes. 2. A fish
caught on the rocky shores of New-England.
BLACK '-FOR-EST, n. A forest in Germany.
BLA€K'-FRi-AR, 71. A name given to the Dominican or-
der, called also preaching friars.
BLA€K'-GUARD, n. A vulgar term applied to a mean fel-
low, who uses abusive, scurrilous language, or treats oth-
ers with foul abuse.
BLACK'ING, ppr. Making black,
BLACK 'TNG, n, A substance used for blacking shoes ; any
factitious matter for making things black.
BLACK'ISH, a. Somewhat black ; moderately black or
dark.
BLACK'-JACK, n, 1. A name given by miners to blend.
2. A leathern cup of old times.
BLACK'-LEAD, n. A mineral of a dark steel-gray color,
called plumbago.
BLACK'-LEGS, n. In some parts of England, a disease
among calves and sheep.
BLACK'LY, adv. Darkly ; atrociously.
BLACK'-MAIL, n. 1. A certain rate anciently paid, in
the north of England, to certain men, who we're allied to
robbers, to be by them protected from pillage. 2. Black-
rent, or rents paid in corn or flesh.
BLACK'-M6N-DAY, n. Easter Monday, in 34 Ed. III.,
which was misty, obscure, and so cold that men died on
horseback. Stowc.
BLACK'-MoNKS. A name given to the Benedictines.
BLACK'-MOOR, n. A negro ; a black man.
BLACK'-MOUTHED, a. Using foul or scurrilous language.
KilliJigbeck.
BLACK 'NESS, n. The quality of being black ; black color ;
darkness •, atrociousness or enormity in wickedness.
t BLACK'-PeO-PLED, a. Having people of a black color.
BLACK'-PUD-DING, n. A kind of food made of blood and
grain.
BLACK'-ROD, n. [black and rod.] . In England, the usher
belonging to the order of the garter ; so called from the
black rod which he carries. He is of the king's chamber,
and usher of parliament.
BLACK'-SEA, n. The Euxine sea.
BLACK'-SHEEP, n. In oriental history, the ensign or
standard of a race of Turkmans.
BLACK'-SMITH, n. A smith who works in iron, and
makes iron utensils ; more properly an iron-smith.
BLACK'-TAIL, n. A fish, a kind of perch.
BLACK'-THORN, n. A species of prunus, called also sloe.
BLACK'-TIN, ?t. Tin ore, when dressed, stamped, and
washed, ready for melting.
BLACK'-VIS-AGED. a. Having a dark visage.
BLACK'-WADD, n. An ore of manganese.
BLACK'-WoRK, n. Iron wrought by black-smiths.
BLAD'-AP-PLE, 71. In botany, a species of cactus.
BLAD'DER, ??. [Sax. blaidr,' blccdra, bleddra.] 1. A thin,
membranous bag in animals, which serves as the recepta-
cle of some secreted fluid, as the urinary bladder, the gall
bladder, &c. By way of erninence, the word, in common
language, denotes the urinary bladder. 2. Any vesicle,
blister, or pustule, especially if filled with air, or a thin,
watery liquor. 3. In 6o£an?/, a distended, membranaceous
pericarp.
..<LAD'DERED, a. Swelled like a bladder.
iJLAD'DER-NUT, n. A genus of plants.
BLAD'DER-SEN-NA, or bastard-senna, a genus of plants,
called, in botany, colutea.
BLAD'DER-Y, a. Resembling a bladder.
BLADE, n. [Sax. bla:d, bled.] 1. The stalk or spire of a
plant. 2. A leaf. 3. The cutting part of an instrument,
as the blade of a knife, or sword. 4. The blade of the
shoulder, shoulder-blade, or blade-bone, is the scapula, or
scapular bone. 5. A brisk man ; a bold, forward man ; a
rake.
BLADE, V. t. To furnish with a blade.
BLADE'-BONE, n. The scapula, or upper bone in the shoul-
der.
BLaD'ED, pp. 1. Having a blade or blades.— It may be used
of blade in the sense of a leaf, a spire, or tlie cutting part
of an instrument. — 2. In mineralogy, composed of long
and narrow plates, like the blade of a knife.
BLaDE'-SMITH, n. A sword cutler.
BLAIN, 71. [Sax. blegene : D. blein.] A pustule ; a botch
a blister.
BLAKE, a. Yellow. Grose. [Jforth of England.]
BLa'MA-BLE, a. Faulty ; culpable ; reprehensible, deserv
ing of censure Dryden.
BLa'MA-BLE-NESS, 71. Culpableness •, fault.
BLa'MA-BLY, adv. Culpably ; in a manner deserving of
censure
BLAME, V. t. [Fr. bl&mer.] 1. To censure ; to express
disapprobation of 5 to find fault with. 2. To bring re-
proach upon ; to blemish ; to injure. [Obs.] Spenser.
BLAME, n. 1. Censure ; reprehension ; imputation of a
fault ; disapprobation ; an expression of disapprobation. 2.
Fault ; crime ; sin ; that which is deserving of censure or
disapprobation. 3. Hurt; injury. — To blame, in the
phrase, he is to blame, signifies blamable' to be blamed.
BLAMED, pp. Censured ; disapproved.
BLaME'FUL, a. Faulty'; meriting blame ; reprehensible.
BLAMELESS, a. Without fault; innocent ; guiltless ; not
nieriting censure.
BLaME'LESS-LY, adv. Innocently ; without fault.
BLaME'LESS-NESS, 71. Innocence ; a state of being not
worthy of censure. Hammond.
BLaM'ER, ?i. One who blames, finds fault, or censures.
BLAME'W6R-TH1-NESS, n. The quality of deserving cen-
sure.
BLaME'WoR-THY, a. Deservmg blame ; censurable ; cul-
pabie ; reprehensible.
BLaM'ING, ppr. Censuring ; finding fault.
BLANC'ARD, n. [Fr. blanc] A kind of linen cloth, man-
ufactured in Normandy.
BLANCH, V. t. [Fr. blancMr.] 1. To whiten ; to take out
the color, and make white ; to obliterate. 2. To slur ;
to balk ; to pass over ; that is, to avoid ; to make empty.
[Obs.] 3. To strip or peel.
BLANCH, V. i. To evade ; to shift ; to speak sotlly ; to be
reserved ; to remain blank, or empty.
BLANCHED, pp. Whitened.
BLANCH'ER, 71. One who whitens ; also, one who anneals
and cleanses money.
BLANCH-IM'E-TER, 71. [blanch, and Gr. fiSTpov.] An in-
strument for measuring the bleaching power of oxymuriate
of lime and potash.
BLANCH'ING, PP7-. Whitening. — In coinage, the operation
of giving brightness to pieces of silver.
BLANC-MAN-GER, (blo-monjei) [Fr. white food.] In cook-
ery, a preparation of dissolved isinglass, milk, sugar,
cinnamon, &c., boiled into a thick consistence, and gar-
nished for the table with blanched almonds.
BLAND, a. [L. blandus.] Mild ; soft ; gentle ; as, bland
words. _
BLAND-A'TION, 7?. A piece of flattery. Camden.
BLAND-IL'0-QUENCE, 71. [L. blandus and loguor.] Fair,
mild, flattering speech.
BLAND'ISH, v. t. [L. blandior ; Old Eng. blandise ; Chau-
cer.] To soften ; to caress ; to flatter by kind words or
affectionate actions.
BLAND'ISH-ER, n. One that flatters with soft words.
BLAND'ISH-ING, ppr. Soothing or flattering with fail
words.
BLAND'ISH-ING, n. Blandishment.
BLAND'ISH-MENT, n. Soft words; kind speeches; c.a
resses ; expression of kindness ; words or actions expres-
sive of affection or kindness, and tending to win the
heart.
BLANK, a. [Fr. blanc] 1. "Void ; empty ; consequently
white ; as, a blank paper. 2. White or pale. 3. Pale
from fear or terror ; hence, confused ; confounded ; dis-
pirited ; dejected. 4. Without rhyme ; as, blank verse 5
Pure ; entire ; complete. 6. Not containing balls or bullets
BLANK, n. 1. Any void space ; a void space on pa-
per, or in any written instrument. 2. A lot by which
nothing is gained ; a ticket in a lottery which draws
no prize. 3. A paper unwritten. 4. A paper contain-
ing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed,
with vacant spaces left to be filled. 5. The point to
which an arrow is directed, marked with white paper.
[Little used.] 6. Aim; shot. [O65.] Shak. 7. Object to
which any thing is directed. 8. A small copper coin for-
merly current in France. — Point blank, in gunnery, the
shot of a gun leveled horizontally.
BLANK, V. t. 1. To make void ; to annul. Spenser. 2. To
deprive of color, the index of health and spirits ; to damp
the spirits ; to dispirit or confuse. Tillotson.
BLANKED, pp. Confused ; dispirited.
BLANK'ET, n. [Fr. blanchet.] 1. A cover for a bed,
made of wool. 2. A kind of pear. 3. Among printers,
woolen cloth or white baize, to lay between the tympans
BLANK'ET, v. t. 1. To toss in a blanket by way of punish
ment ; an ancient custom. 2. To cover with a blanket.
BLANK'ET-ING, ppr. Tossing in a blanket.
BLANK'ET-ING, n. 1. The punishment of tossing in a
blanket. 2. Cloth for blankets.
* See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
BLA
92
BLE
D'lANK'LY, adv. In a blank manner; with paleness or
confusion.
BLARE, «.i. [Old Belgic, Mar en ; Tent, blarren.] 1. To
roar ; to bellow. [Little used.] 2. To sweal, or melt
away, as a candle.
BLARE, n. 1. Roar; noise. [Little used.] Barlow. 2. A
small copper coin of Bern.
BLASH, c. t. [of the same origin as plash.] To spatter.
Orose.
BLASH'Y, a. Dirty; wet. Craven dialect. Thin; poor;
as, blashy milk, or beer. Grose.
BLAS-PHi?.ME' «. t. [Gr. 8\aa(priiiE<j).] 1. To speak of the
Supreme Being in terms of impious irreverence. 2. To
speak evil of ; to utter abuse or calumny against ; to
speak reproachfully of.
BLAS-PHeME, «. i. 1. To utter blasphemy. 2. To arro-
gate the prerogatives of God.
BLAS-PHeM'ER, v. One who blasphemes ; one who
speaks of God in innious and irreverent terms.
BLAS-PHeM'ING, ppr. Uttering impious or reproachful
words concerning God.
BLAS'PHE-iMOUS, a. Containing blasphemy ; calumnious ;
impiously irreverent to God.
HLAS PHE-MOUti-LY, adv. Impiously; with impious ir-
reverence to God.
BLAS'PHE-MY, n. 1. An indignity offered to God by
words or writing. 2. That which derogates from the pre-
rogatives of God.
BLAisT, n. [Sax. Mast.] 1. A gust or puff of wind ; or a
sudden gust of wind. 2. The sound made by blowing a
wind instrument. 3. Any pernicious or destructive influ-
ence upon animals or plants. 4. The infection of any
thing pestilential ; a bight on plants, 5. A sudden com-
pression of air, attended with a shock, caused by the dis-
charge of cannon. 6. A forcible stream of air from the
mouth, from a bellows, or the like. 7. A violent explosion
of gunpowder, in splitting rocks, and the explosion of in-
flammable air in amhie. 8. The wholeblowhigof a forge
necessary to melt one supply of ot^ ; a commonuse of the
word among workiusn in forges in America.
BLAST, V, t. 1. To make to wither by some pernicious
influence; to blight, as trees or plants. 2. To affect with
some sudden violence, plague, or calamity, which de-
stroys or causes to fail ; as, to blast pride or hopes. 3. To
confound, or strike with force, by a loud blast or din. 4.
To split rocks by an explosion of gun-powder.
BIASTED, pp. Affected by some cause that checks growth,
injures, impairs, destroys, or renders abortive; split by
an explosion of gun-powder.
BLASTER, n. He or that whi-h blasts or destroys.
BLAST'ING, ppr. Affecting by a blast ; preventing from
coming to maturity ; frustrating ; splitting by an explo-
sion of gun-powder.
BLAST'ING, ?i. A blast ; destruction by a pernicious cause ;
explosion.
|BLAST'MENT, 7i. Blast ; sudden stroke of some destruc-
tive cause. Shak.
t BLa'TANT, a. Bellowing as a calf.
BLATCH. See Blotch.
f BLAT-ER-A'TION, n. [L. Materatio.] Noise. Coles.
BLAT'TER, v. i. To make a senseless noise.
BLAT'TER-ER, w. A noisy, blustering boaster.
BLAY, n. A small river fish, the bleak.
BLAZE, n. [Sax. blaze.] 1. Flame; the stream of light
and heat from any body when burning. 2. Publication ;
wide diffusion of report. 3. A white spot on the fore-
head or face of a horse. 4. Light ; expanded light. 5.
Noise ; agitation ; tumult.
BLAZE, V. i. 1. To flame. 2. To send forth or show a
bright and expanded light. 3. To be conspicuous.
BivAZE, v.t. 1. To make public far and ^vide. 2. To
blazon. [Mot used. See Blazon.] 3. To set a white
mark on a tree, by paring off a part of the bark. Todd
BLAZED, pp. Published far and wide.
BLaZ'ER, n. One who publishes and spreads reports.
BLaZ ING, ppr. Flaming ; publishing far and wide.
BLaZ ING, a. Emitting flame, or light.
BLaZ'ING-STAR, w. a comet ; a star that is accompanied
with a coma, or train of light.
BLa'ZON, (bla'zn) v. t. [Fr. blasonver.] 1. To explain,
in proper terms, the figures on ensigns armorial. 2. To
deck; to embellish; to adorn. 3. To display ; to set to
show ; to celebrate by words or writing. 4. To blaze,
about ; to maKC public far and wide.
BLAZON, n. 1. The act of drawhig, describing or explain-
ing coats of arms. 2. Publication ; show ; celebration ;
pompoKs display.
BLA ZONED, (bla'znd) pp. Explained, decyphered in the
manner of heralds ; published abroad ; displayed pom-
pously.
BLA'ZON-ER. (bla'zn-er) n. One that blazons ; a herald ;
an evil speaker, or propagator of scandal.
BLa'ZON-ING, ppr. Explaining, describing as heralds ;
showing ; publishing ; blaznig abroad ; displaying.
BLa'ZON-RY, (bla'zn-ry) n. The art of describing coats of
arms in proper terms.
BLEA^ n. The part of a tree which lies immediately under
tlie bark. Chambers.
BLEACH, V. t. [Sax. blacan.] To whiten ; to make whita
or^whiter ; to take out color.
BLEACH, V. i. To grow white in any manner.
BLEACHED, (bleecht) pp. Whitened ; made white.
BLeACH'ER, n. One who whitens, or whose occupation
is_to wniten cloth.
BLeACH'ER-Y, n. A place for bleaching.
BLeACH'ING, ppr. Whitenhig ; making white ; becoming
wliite.
BLeACH'ING, n. The act or art of whitening, especially
cloth.
BLeAK, a. [Sax. blac, blmc] 1. Pale. Gower. 2. Open ;
vacant ; exposed to a free current of air ; as, a bleak hill.
BLeAK, n. A small river fisli, five or six inches long.
BLeAK'LY, adv. Coldly. May.
BLeAK'NESS, n. Openness of situation ; exposure to the
\vind ; hence, coldness.
BLeAK'Y, a. Bleak ; open ; unsheltered ; cold.
BLeAR, a. [D. Maar,] Sore, with a watery rheum ; ap-
plied only to the eyes.
BLEAR, v.t. To make sore ; to affect with soreness of
eyes, or a watery humor. Brijden,
BLeAR'ED-NESS, n. Tlie state of being bleared, or dim-
med with rheum. Wiseman.
BLeAR'E^'ED, a. Havinjg sore eyes ; having the eyes dim
v/ith rheum ; dim-sighted.
BLeAT, v. i. [Sax. blcBtan.] To make the noise of a sheep j
tq^cry as a sheep.
BLeAT, n. The cry of a sheep.
BLeAT'ING, ppr. or a. Crying as a sheep.
BLeAT'ING, n. The cry of a sheep.
BLEB, n. A little tumor, vesicle or blister.
BLEB'BY, a. Abounding with blebs.
BLED, pret. VMdi pp. of bleed.
t BLEE, 71. [Sax. bleo.] Color ; complexion. Spenser,
BLEED, V. i. pret. and pp. bled. [Sax. bledan.] 1. To lose
blood ; to run with blood, by whatever means. 2. To
die a violent death, or by slaughter. 3. To issue forth, o'-
drop as blood, from an incision ; to lose sap, gum or juice.
BLEED, V. t. To let blood ; to take blood from, by opening
a vein.
BLEED'ING, ppr. Losing blood ; letting blood ; losing sap
or juice.
BLEED'ING, n. A running or issuing of blood, as from the
nose ; a hemorrhage ; the operation of letting blood, as in
surgery ; the drawing of sap from a tree or plant.
BLEIT, or BLATE, a [Ger. Mode.] Bashful ; used in
Scotland and the north of Eno-lavd.
LEM'ISH, V. t. 1. To mark with
BLEM'ISH, V. t. 1. To mark with any deformity ; to in-
jure or impair any thing which is well formed, or excel-
lent ; to mar. 2. To tarnish, as reputation or character ;
to defame.
BLEM'ISH, 71. 1. Any mark of deformity ; any scar or de-
ffect that diminishes beauty. 2. Reproach ; disgrace ;
that which impairs reputation ; taint ; turpitude ; de-
formity.
BLEM'ISHED, pp. Injured or marred by any mark of de-
formity ; tarnished ; soiled.
BLEM'ISH-ING, ppr. Marking witli deformitv ; tarnishing.
BLEM'ISH-LESS, a. Without blemish ; spotless.
BLEM'ISH-MENT, n. Disgrace. [Little used.]
BLENCH, V. i. To shrink ; to start back ; to give way.
Shak.
BLENCH, V. t. To hinder or obstruct, says Johnson. But,
in the passage he cites, it means to render ineffectual.
BLENCH, n. A start. Shak.
BLENCH'ER^ n. That which frustrates.
BLENCH'-HoLD-ING, 7z. A tenure of lands upon the pay-
ment of a small sum in silver.
BLEND, 71. [Ger. blanden.] An ore of zink.
BLEND, V. t. [Sax. blendian.] 1. To mix or mingle to-
gether ; hence, to confound. 2. To pollute by mixture ;
to spoil or corrupt. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. To blind. [Ofc.]
BLEND, V. i. To be mixed ; to be united. Irving.
BLEND'ED, pp. Mixed ; confounded by mixture.
BLEND'ER, n. One that mingles or confounds.
BLEND'ING, ppr. Mingling together; confounding by
mixture.
BLEND'OUS, a. Pertaining to blend.
BLEND'-WA-TER, n. A distemper incident to cattle.
BLEN'NY, 71. [Sax. blinnan.] A genus of fishes, of the
order of jurrulars.
BLENT. The obsolete participle of blend.
BLESS, V. t. pret. and pp. blessed, or blest. [Sax. Medsian.]
1. To pronounce a wish of liappiness to one ; to express
a wish or desire of happiness, 2. To make happy ; to
make successful ; to prosper in temporal concerns. 3. To
make happy in a future life. 4. To set apart or conse-
crate to holy purposes ; to make and pronounce holy.
.5. To consecrate by prayer ; to invoke a blessing upon
*See r^ynopsis a, E, t. O, t" Y, Zra^.— FAR, FALL, WHi^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD;
t Obsolete
BL]
93
BLU
6 To praise ; to glorify, for benefits received. 7. To
praise ; to magnify ; to extol for excellencies.
ULESSED, pp. Made happy or prosperous ; extolled ; pro-
nounced Iiappy
BLESS'ED, a. Happy 5 prosperous in worldly affairs ; en-
joying spiritual happiness and the favor of God ; enjoying
heavenly felicity.
BLEfe-S'ED-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus cnicus.
DLESS'ED-L V, adv. Happily ; in a fortunate manner.
BLESS'ED-NESS, n. 1. Happiness ; felicity ; heavenly
joys; the favor of God. 2. Sanctity.
BLESS'Eil, 7). One that blesses or prospers ; one who be-
stows a blessing.
BLESS'ING, ppr. Making happy ; wishing happiness to ;
praising or extolling ; consecrating by prayer.
BLEfeS'IJN'G, n. 1. Benediction ; a wish of happiness pro-
nounced ; a prayer imploring happiness upon another. 2.
A solemn prophetic benediction. .3. Any means of hap-
piness 5 a gift, benefit or advantage. 4. Among the Jews,
a present ; a gift.
BLEST, pp. of bless.
BLEST, a. 1. Made happy. 2. Making happy ; cheering^.
BLE'TON-ISM, n. The faculty of perceiving ajid indicating
subterraneous springs and currents by sensation ; so call-
ed from one Bleton of France, who possessed this fac-
ulty.
BLe TON-IST, n. One who possesses the faculty of per-
ceiving subterraneous springs by sens;ition.
BLEW, pret. of Moid.
BLeYME, 11. An inflammation in the foot of a horse, be-
tvveeji the sole and the bone.
BLI-CE' A, n. A small fish.
BLiGHT, (bllte) n. [qu. Sax. Wsct/ia.] I. A disease inci-
dent to plants. 2. Any thing nipping or blasting.
BLIGHT, (bllte) v. t. To affect with blight ; to blast ; to
prevent growth and fertility ; to frustrate.
f BLIN, V. t, [Sax. blinnan.] To stop, or cease.
BLiND, a. [Sax. blivd.] 1. Destitute of the sense of seeing ;
not having siglit. 2. Not having the faculty of discern-
ment ; destitute of intellectual light ; unable to under-
stand or judge ; ignorant. 3. Unseen ; out of public
view ; private ; dark. 4. Dark ; obscure ; not easy to be
found ; not easily discernible. 5. Heedless ; inconsider-
ate ; undeliberating. Jay.
BLiND, V. t. 1. To make blind ; to deprive of sight. 2.
To darken ; to obscure to the eye. 3. To darken the un-
derstanding 4 To darken or obscure to the understand-
ing. 5. To eclipse.
BLIND, or BLINDE. See Blend, an ore.
BLIND, n. 1. Something to hinder the sight. 2. Some-
thing to mislead the eye or the understanding. 3. A
skreen ; a cover.
BLiND'ED, pp. Deprived of sight ; deprived of intellectual
djscernment 5 made dark or obscure.
BLiND'FoLD, a. Having the eyes covered ; having the
mental eye darkened.
BLiND'FoLD, v. t. To cover the eyes ; to hinder from
seeing.
BLIND' FoLD-ED, pp. Having the eyes covered ; hindered
from seeing.
BLiNDFoLD-ING, ppr. Covering the eyes 5 hindering
from seeing.
BLlND'lNG, ppr. Depriving of sight, or of understanding ;
obscuring.
BLiND'LY, adv. I. Without sight, or understanding. 2.
Without dlsoerning the reason; implicitly. 3. Without
judgment.
BLiND'MAN'S-BALL, n. A species of fungus.
BLTND'MAN'S-BtJFF, n. A play in which one person is
bUndfolded, and hunts out the rest of the company.
BLiND'NESS, n. Want of bodily sight j want of intellectual
discernment ; ignorance.
BLTND'NET-TLE, n. A plant.
BLINDS, n. In the military art, a defense made of osiere
or branches interwoven, to shelter and conceal the work-
men.
BLTND-SER'PENT, n. A reptile.
BLiND'SiDE, V. The side which is most easily assailed •,
vveakness -, foible ; weak part.
BLiND VESSEL. With chemists, a vessel with an opening
on one side only.
BLiND'WoRM, n. A small reptile.
BLINK, V. i. [Sax. blican.l 1. To wink ; to twinkle with
tlie eye. 2. To see obscurely. Johnson. To see with
the eyes half shut.
BLINK, n. A glimpse or glance. Hall.
BLINK, n. Blink of ice is the dazzling whiteness about the
horizon, occasioned by the reflection of light from fields
of ice at sea.
BLINK'ARD, n. [blink, and ard, kind.] A person who
blinks, or has bad eyes ; that which twinkles, or glances.
BLINK'ING, ppi-. Winking ; twinkling.
BLISS, n. [Sax. bliss.] The highest degree of happiness ;
blessedness ; felicity ; heavenly joys.
BLISS'FUI , a. Full of joy and felicity.
BLISS'FCL-LY, adv. In a blissful manner.
BlilSS'FLL-NESS, n. Exalted happiness ; felicity , fuUnestj
of joy. Barrow.
BLISS' LESS, a. Destitute of bliss. Hawkins.
BLISSOM, V. i. [W. blys, blysiaw.] To be lustful ; to cat^
erwaul. [Little used.]
BLIS'TER, n. [Ger. blase, and blatter.] 1. A pustule ; a
thin bladder on the skin, containing watery jnatter or
serum. 2. Any tumor made by the separation of the film
or skin, as on plants ; or by the swelling of the substance
at the surface, as on steel. 3. A vesicatory : a plaster of
flies, or other matter, applied to raise a vesicle.
BLIS'TER, V. i. To rise in blisters. JJryden.
BLIS'TER, V. t. 1. To raise a blister, by any hurt, burn or
violent action upon the skin. 2. To raise tumors on iron
bars.
BLIS'TERED, pp. Having blisters or tumors.
BLIS'TER-ING, ppr. Raising a blister ; applying a blister-
ing plaster, or vesicatory.
BLITE, n. [L. blitum ; Gr. ^Xitov ] 1 A genus of plants,
called strawberry spinach. 2. A species of amaranth, or
flower gentle.
BLITHE, a. [Sax. blithe.] Gay ; merry joyous ; spright-
ly ; mirthful.
BLiTHE'FUL, a. Gay; full of gayety.
BIvlTHE'LY, adv. In a gay, joyful maniier.
BLiTHE'NESS, n, Gayety ; sprightliness ; the quality of
being blithe.
BLITHE'SoME, a. Gay ; merry ; cheerful.
BLiTHE'SoME-NESS, n. The quality of being blithesome ;
gayety.
BLoAT, V. t. [W. blwth, a puff".] 1. To swell, or make
turgid, as with air- ; to inflate ; to puff" up ; hence, to
make vain. 2. To swell or make turgid with water or
otl7er means.
BLoAT, V. i. To grow turgid ; to dilate.
t BLoAT, a. Swelled ; turgid.
IBLoAT'ED, pp. Swelled ; grown turgid ; inflated.
BLoAT'ED-NESS, v. A mrgid state ; turgidness ; dilata-
tion from inflation, or any morbid cause.
BLoAT iNG, ppr. Swelling; inflating.
BLOB, n. A bubble. See I^leb.
BLOB'BER, 7t. [It. plub, or pluibin.] A bubble: pronounced.
bv the common people in America, blubber. Carew.
BLOB'BER-LiP, n. A thick lip.Dr?/<ien.
BLOB'BER -LIPPED, a. Having thick lips.
BLOB'TALE, n. A telltale ; a blab.
BLO€K, n. [D. blo/c ; Ger. block.] ]. A heavy piece of
timber or wood, usually \vith one plain surface. 2
Any mass of matter with an extended surface. 3. A
massy body, solid and heavy. 4. The wood on which crim-
inals are beheaded. 5. Any obstmcticn, or cause of ob-
struction ; a stop ; hindrance ; obstacle. 6. A piece of
wood in which a pulley runs. 7. A blockhead ; a stupid
fellow.
BLOGIC, V. t. [Fr. bloqv.er.] To inclose or shut up, so as to
hinder egress or passage ; to stop up ; to obstruct.
BLOCK-aDE', n. [lX..b[occato.] The siege of a place, formed
by surrounding it with liostile troops or ships.
BLO€K-aDE', V. t. To shut up a town or fortress by troops
or ships.
BLO€K-aD'ED, pp. Shut up or inclosed by an enemy.
BLO€K-aD'ING, ppr. Besieging by a blockade.
BLOOK'HEAD, 7(. A stupid fellow ; a dolt ; a person defi-
cient in understanding.
BLOOK'HEAD-ED, a. fc-tupid ; dull. Shak.
BLO€K'HEAD-LY, a. Like a blockhead.
BLOGK'HOUSE, 71. A house or fortress erected to block up
a pass, and defend it against the entrance of an enemy.
BLOCK'ISH, a. Stupid ; dull ; deficient in understanding.
BLOCK ISH-LY, adv. In a stupid manner.
BLOCK'ISH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; dullness.
BLOCK'LlKE, a. Like a block ; stupid.
BLOCK'-TIN, n. Tin which is pure, and unwrought.
BLOM'A-RY, n. The first forge through which iron passes,
after it is melted from the ore.
tBLONK'ET, a. Grny. Spenser.
BLOOD, n. [Sax. Sw. and Dan. blodj Ger. blut.] 1. The
fluid which circulates through the arteries and veins of
the human body, and of other animals, which is essential
to the preservation of life. 2. Kindred ; relation by nat-
ural descent from a common ancestor ; consanguinity.
3. Royal lineage ; blood royal. 4. Honorable birth : high
extraction. Shak. 5. Life. C Slaughter ; murder, or
bloodsheddJng. 7. Temper of mind ; state of t'le passions ;
but, in this sense, accompanied with cold or warm. 8. A
hot spark ; a rake. 9. The juice of any thing, especially
if red.
BL60D, v.t. 1. To let blood ; to bleed by opening a vem.
2. To stain with blood. 3. To enter ; to inure to blood : as
a hound. 4. To heat the blood; to exasperate. [Unu-
sjiuL]
BL60D'-BE-SP0T'TED, a. Spotted with blood. Shak,
See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— Cas K; 6as J ; Sas Z ; CH as SH "iH as in this. fObsolUe
BLO
94
BLU
1 BLOOD -BCL'TERED, a. Sprinkled with blood.
BLoOD'-€ON-SuM'IiNG, a. Wasting the blood.
BL60D EJD, pp. Bled ; stained with blood ; jnured to blood.
BLoOD'-FLOW-Ell, n. Ilanvanthus.
BLoOD'-FRo-ZEN, a. Haviug the blood chilled.
BLoOD'-Gb'ILT'I-NESS, n. The guilt or crime of shedding
blood.
BL60D-H0T, a. As warm as blood, in its natural temper-
ature.
BLoOD'-HOUND, n. A species of canis, or dog, remarkable
for the acuteness of its smell.
BL60D'-I-LY, adv. In a bloody manner ; cruelly ; with
a disposition to shed blood.
BLoOD'I-NESS, 71. The state of beuig bloody ; disposition
to shed blood.
BLoOD'ING, ppr. Letting blood ; staining with blood ; in-
uring to blood, as a hound.
BLoOD'LESS, a. 1. Without blood ; dead. 2. Without
shedding of blood. 3. Without spirit or activity.
BLoOD-LET, v. t. To bleed ; to let blood.
BL60D LET-TER, n. One who lets blood, as in diseases ;
a phlebotomist. Wiseman.
BLoOD'-LET'-TING, 71. The act of letting blood, or bleed--
ing by op ning a vein.
BLoODTUD-DlNG, n. A pudduig made with blood and
other materials.
BLoOD'-RED, 71. Red as blood.
BLoOD'-ROOT, n. A plant, so named from its color.
\ BLoOD'-SHA-KEN, a. Having the blood put in commo-
tion. B. Jonson.
BLoOD SHED, n. The shedding or spilling of blood ,
slaughter ; waste of life.
BLoOD'SHED-DER, n. One who sheds blood.
BLoOD'SHED-DING, n. The sheddire of blood ; the crmie
of shedding blood.
BLoOD'SHOT, a. Red and inflamed by a turgid state of the
blood vessels.
BLoOD'SHOT-TEN-NESS, n. The state of being blood-
shotten, as applicable to the eye.
BLoOD'-SlZED, a. Smeared or sized with blood.
BLOOD'-SNAKE, 71. A species of snake.
BL6()D'-SPAV-IN, n. A dilatation of the vein that runs
along the inside of the hock of a horse.
BLoOD'-STAINED, a. Stained with blood ; also, guilty
of murder.
BLoOD'STONE, n. A stone, imagined, if worn as an am-
ulet, to be a good preventive of bleeding at the nose.
BLOOD SUCK-ER, n. Any animal that sucks blood, as a
lebcn, a fly, &c. A cruel man ; a murderer.
BLOOD'-SUCK-ING, a. That sucks or draws blood.
BLOOD'-SWOLN, a. Suffused with blood.
BLOOD'-THiRS-TY, a. Desirous to shed blood ; murder-
ous.
BLOOD'-VES-SEL, n. Any vessel in wliich blood circu-
lates in an animal body, an artery or a vein.
BLOOD'-WARM, a. Warm as blood ; lukewarm.
BLOOD'-WiTE, 71. In ancient law, a fine paid as a compo-
sition for the shedding of blood.
BLOOD'- WOOD, 71. A name given to log- wood, from its
color.
BLOOD'WORT, 71. A plant, a species of ruTnez.
BLOOD'Y, a. 1. Stained with blood. 2. Cruel ; murderous ;
given to the shedding of blood ; or having a cruel, savage
disposition. 3. Attended with bloodshed ; marked by
cruelty.
BLOOD'Y, V. t. To stain with blood. Overbury.
BLOOD'Y, adv. Very ; as, bloodij sick, bloody drunk. [ TJiis
is very vulcrji.r.]
BLOOD'Y-EyED, a. Having bloody or cruel eyes.
BLOOD'Y-FACED, a. Having a bloody face or appearance.
BLOOD'Y-FLUX, n. The dysentery.
f BLOOD'Y-FLUXED, a. Afflicted with the bloody-flux.
BLOOD'Y-HAND, n. A hand stained with the blood of a
deer. .dsh.
BL0OD'Y-HUNT-ING,~c. Hunting for blood.
BLOOD'Y-MiND-ED, a. Having a cruel, ferocious disposi-
tion ; barbarous ; inclined to shed blood.
BLOOD'Y-RED, a. Having the colour of blood.
BLOOD'Y-SCEP'TRED, a. Having a sceptre obtained by
blood or slaughter. Shak.
BLOODY-SWEAT, n. A sweat, accompanied by a dis-
charge of blood ; also a disease, called siceatinff sickness.
BLOOM, V. [Goth, bloma.] I. Blossom ; the flower of a
plant ; an expanded bud. 2. The opening of flowers in
general; flowers open, or in a state of blossoming. 3.
The state of youth, resembling that of blossoms ; a state
of opening manhood, life, beauty, and vigor. 4. The
blue color upon plums and grapes newly gathered.
ELOOM, V. i. 1. To produce or yield blossoms ; to flower.
2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youtJi and vig-
or ; to show the beauty of youth.
\ BLOOM, V. t. To pi'l forthas blossoms.
BLOOM, n, 'Sax. bloma.'] A mass of iron that has
the blomary, or undergone the first hammering.
BLOOM'ING, ppr. Opening in blossoms ; flowering j thriv-
ing in the health, beauty and vigor of youth ; showing
the beauties of youth.
BLOOM'ING-LY, adv. In a blooming manner.
BLOOM'Y, a. Full of bloom ; flowery ; flourishing with
the vigor of youth ; as, a bloomy spray ; bloomy beau
ties.
t BLORE, 71. The act of blowing 5 a blast.
BLOS'SOM 71. [Sax. blosm.] 1. The flower or corol of a
plant ; a general term, applicable to every species of tree
or plant. 2. This word is used to denote the color of a
hoi-se, that has his hair white, but intermixed with sorrel
and bay hairs.
BLOS'SOM, v.i. 1. To put forth blossoms or flowers 5 to
bloom ; to blow ; to flower. 2. To flourish and prosper.
BLOS'SOM-ING, pijr. Putting forth flowers ; blowing.
BLOS'SOM-ING, n. The blowing or flowering of plants.
tBLOS'SOM-Y, a. Full of blossoms.
BLOT, V. t. [Goth, blauthjan.] 1. To spot with ink 5 to
stain or bespatter with ink. 2. To obliterate writing or
letters with ink. 3. To efface ; to erase ; to cause to be
unseen, or forgotten ; to destroy. 4. To stain with infa-
my ; to tarnish ; to disgrace ; to disfigure. 5. To darken
BLOT, 71. 1. A spot or stain on paper, usually applied to ink
2. An obliteration of something written or printed. 3
A spot in reputation ; a stain ; a disgrace ; a reproach ;
a blemish. 4. Censure; scorn; reproach. 5. In back-
gammon, when a single man lies open to be taken up.
BLOTCH, 71. [Sax. blcectha.] A pustule upon the skui ; an
eruption, usually of a large kind.
BLOTCH, V. t. To blacken. Harmar.
BLOTE, V. t. To dry and smoke.
BLoT'ED, pp. Smoked and dried.
BLOT'TED, pp. Stained ; spotted ; erased.
BLOT'TER, 71. In counting houses, a waste book.
BLOT'TING, ppr. Spotting Avith ink ; obliterating ; stain-
ing.
BLoW, 71. 1. The act of striking ; more generally the
stroke. 2. The fatal stroke ; a stroke that kills ; hence,
death. 3. An act of hostility. 4. A sudden calamity ;
a sudden or severe evU. 5. A single act ; a sudden event.
6._ An ovum, or egg deposited by a fly.
BLoW, V. i. pret. blew ; pp. bloivn. [Sax. blawen, blowan.]
1. To make a current of air ; to move as air. 2. To pant ;
to puff ; to breathe hard or quick. 3. To breathe. 4. To
sound with being blown, as a horn or trumpet. 5. To
flower; to blossom ; to bloom ; as plants. — To blow over,
to pass av/ay without effect ; to cease or be dissipated. —
7'o blow up, to rise in the air ; also, to be broken and scat-
tered by the explosion of gun-powder.
BLoW, V. t. 1. To throw or drive a current of air upon. 2.
To drive by a current of air ; to impel. 3. To breathe upon,
for the purpose of warming, 4. To sound a wind instru-
ment. .5. To spread by report. 6. To deposit eggs, as flies.
7. To form bubbles by blowing. 8. To swell and inflate,
as veal. 9. To form glass into a particular shape by tlie
breath, as in glass manufactories. 10. To melt tin, after
being first burnt to destroy the mundic. — To bloio away
to dissipate; to scatter with wind. — To Moid dowv, t;
prostrate by wind. — To blow off, to shake down by wind
as to blow off fruit from trees ; to drive from land ; as, to
blow off a ship. — To biota out, to extinguish by a current
of air, as a candle. — To blow up. 1. To fill with air ; to
swell. 2. To infiate ; to puff up. 3. To kindle. 4. To
burst, to raise into the air, or to scatter, by the explosion
of gunpowder. Figuratively, to scatter or bring to naught
suddenly. — To blow upon, to make stale.
BLoW, 7i. I. A flower ; a blossom. This word is in general
use in the United States. In the Tatler, it is used for
blossoms in general. 2. Among seaTneTi, a gale of wind
This also is in general use in the United States.
BLoW'-BALL, n. The flower of the dandelion.
BLoW'ER," n. 1. One who blows ; one who is employed in
melting tin. 2. A plate of iron for drawing up a fire in a
stove chunney.
BLOWING , ^jpr. Making a cun-ent of air ; breathing quick ;
sounding a wind instrument ; inflating ; impelling by
vnnd ; melting tin.
BLOWING, n. The motion of wind, or act of blowing.
BLoWN, pp. Driven by wind ; fanned ; sounded by blow
ing ; spread by report ; swelled ; inflated ; expanded as
a blossom.
BLoW'-PiPE, 71. An instrument by which a blast or current
of air is driven tlirough the flame of a lamp or candle, an'd
that flame directed upon a mineral substance, to fuse or
vitrify it.
BLoW-POINT, 71. A kind of play among children.
BLoWTH, 7). [Ir. blath, blaith.] Bloom, or blossom, or
that which is expanded ; the state of blossoming.
BLOWZE, (blowz) n. A ruddy, fat-faced woman.
BLOWZ'Y, a. Ruddy-faced ; fat and ruddy ; high-colored.
t BLUB, V. t. To swell. See Bleb.
BLUB'BER, n. [See Blobber, Blob, and Bleb.] 1. A
blobber or bubble ; a common, vulgar word. 2. The fat of
See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PiN, MARiNE BiRD
BLU
95
BOA
whales and other large sea animals, of which is made
train-oil. 3. Sea-nettle, or sea-Dlubber, the medusa.
BLUB'BER, V. i. Ta weep in such a manner as to swell
the cheeks.
BLUB'BER, V. t. To swell tne cheeks, or disfigure the face,
with weeping.
BLUB BERED, p;?. Swelled; big 5 turgid.
BLUB'BER-ING, ppr. Weeping so as to swell the cheeks.
BLUD'6E0N, 71 [Goth, blyggwan.} A short stick, with
one end loaded, or thicker and heavier than the other,
and used as an offensive weapon.
BLUE, (bill) a. [Sax. hleo, bleoh, bleoio.] One of the seven
colors, into which the rays of light divide themselves,
when refracted through a glass prism. There are various
shades of blue, as sky-blue,or azure, Prussian blue, indigo
blue, smalt blue, &c.
BLUE, V. t. To make blue ; to dye of a blue color ; to
make blue by heating, as metals, &c.
BLCiE'BiRD, n. A small bird, a species of motacilla.
BLuE'-BON-NET, n. A plant, a species of centaurea.
BLuE'-BOT-TLE, n. 1. A plant, a species of centaurea.
2._ A fly with a large, blue belly.
BLuE'-€AP, n. A fish of the salmon kind.
BL^E'-EyED, a. Having blue eyes, Dryden.
BLuE'-FISH, n. A fish, a species of coryphoiHa.
BLuE'-HAIREO, a. Having hair of a blue color.
BLuE'-JOHN, 11. Among miners, jlaor spar, a mineral.
BLuE'LY, adv. With a blue color. Swift.
BLuE'NESS, n. The quality of being blue ; a blue color.
Boyle.
BLuE'-THRoAT, n. A bird with a tawny breast.
BLuE'-VEINED, a. Having blue veins or streaks.
BLUFF, a. Big ; surly ; blustering. Dryden.
BLUFF, 71. A high bank, almost perpendicular, projecting
into the sea ; a high bank presenting a steep front. Bel-
knap. Mar. Diet.
BLUFF'-BOWED, a. Having broad and flat bows.
BLUFF'-HEAD-ED, a. Having an upright stem.
BLUFF'NESS, n. A swelling or bloatedness ; surliness.
BLu'ISH, a. Blue in a small degree. Pope.
BLu'ISH-NESS, n. A small degree of blue color.
BLUN'DER, V. i. 1. To mistake grossly ; to err widely or
stupidly. 2. To move without direction, or steady guid-
ance ; to plunge at an object ; to move, speak, or write
with sudden and blind precipitance. 3. To stumble, as a
horse.
BLUN'DER, n. A mistake through precipitance, or without
due exercise of judgment ; a gross mistake.
BLUN'DER-BUSS, 71. [blunder, and D. bus.] A short gun,
or fire-arm, with a large bore, capable of holding a number
of balls, and intended to do execution without exact aim.
BLUN'DER-ER, n. One who is apt to blunder, or to make
gross mistakes ; a careless person.
BLUN'DER-HEAD, n. A stupid fellow ; one who blunders.
L'' Estrange.
BLUN'DER-ING, ppr. Moving or acting with blind precip-
itance ; mistaking grossly ; stumbling.
BLUN'DER-ING-LY, adv. In a blundering manner.
BLUNT, a. \. Having a thick edge or point, as an instru-
ment ; dull ; not sharp. 2. Dull in understanding ; slow
of discernment. 3. Abrupt in address ; plain ; uncere-
monious ; wanting the forms of civility ; rough in man-
ners or speech. 4. Hard to penetrate ;' [unusual.']
BLUNT, V. t. 1. To dull the edge or point, by making it
thicker. 2. To repress or weaken any appetite, desire or
power of the mind.
BLUNT'ED, pp. Made dull ; weakened ; impaired ; re-
pressed.
BLUNT'ING, ppr. Making dull •, repressing ; impairing.
BLUNT'ING, n. Restraint. Taijlor.
BLUNT'LY, adv. In a blunt manner ; coarsely ; plainly ;
abruptly ; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility.
BLUNT'NESS, 71. 1. Want of edge or point ; dullness ; ob-
tuseness ; want of sharpness. 2. Coarseness of address ;
roughness of manners ; rude sincerity or plainness.
BLUNl 'WIT-TED, a. Dull; stupid. Skak.
BLUR, n. A dark spot ; a stain ; a blot, whether upon paper
or other substance, or upon reputation.
BLUR, V. t. 1. To obscure by a dark spot, or by any foul
matter, without quite effacing 2. To sully ; to stain ;
to blemish.
BLURRED, (bliurd) pp. Darkened or stained ; obscured.
BLUR'RING, ppr. Darkening or staining ; spotting.
BLURT, V. t. To throw out, or throw at random, hastily,
or unadvisedly ; to utter suddenly or inadvertently.
Young.
BliUSIl', V. i. [D. bloozen.] 1. To redden in the cheeks or
face ; to be suddenly suffused with a red color in the
cheeks or face, from a sense of guilt, shame, confusion,
modesty, diffidence or surprise. 2. To bear a blooming
red color, or any soft, bright color.— Shakspeare has used
this word in a transitive sense, to make red.
BLUSH, 7(. 1. A red color suffusi]ig the cheeks only, or the
face generally, and excited by confusion, which may
spring from shame, guilt, modesty, diffidence or surprise
2. A red or reddish color. 3. Sudden appearance ; a
glance. Locke.
t BLUSH, V. t. To make red. Shak.
tBLUSH'ET, n. A young, modest girl.
fBLUSH'FUL, ft. Full of blushes. Thomson.
BLUSH'ING, ppr. Reddening in the cheeks or face ; bear-
ing a bright color.
BLUSH'LESS, a. Unblushing ; jjast blushing ; impudent.
BLUSH'Y, a. Like a blush ; having the color of a blush.
BLUS'TER, V. i. 1. To be loud, noisy or swaggering ; to
bully ; to puff; to swagger 2 To roar, and be tumultu
ous, as wind ; to be boisterous , to be windy ; to hurry.
t BLUS'TER, V. t. To blow down.
IBLUS'TER, 7J. Noise ; tumult ; boasting ; boisterousness ;
turbulence ; roar of a tempest ; violent wind ; hurry ;
any irregular noise and tumult from wind, or from van
ity.
BLUS'TER-ER, n. A swaggerer ; a bully ; a noisy, tmnul
tuous fellow, who makes great pretensions from vanity
BLUS'TER-ING, ppr. Making a noise , pufling ; boasting-
BLUS'TER-ING, a. Noisy ; tumultuous ; windy.
BLUS'TROUS, a. Noisy ; tumultuous ; boastful.
BO, excl. [W. bic] A word of terror ; a customary sound
uttered by children to frighten their fellows.
Bo'A, n. A genus of serpents, of the class amphibia, the
charactei-s of which are, the belly and tail are furnished
with scuta. It includes the largest species of serpent, the
constrictor, sometimes 30 or 40 feet long.
BoAR, 71. [Sax. bar ; Corn, bora.] The male of swine not
castrated^
BoAR'-SPeAR, n. A spear used in hunting boars.
BoAR, V. i. In the manege, a horse is said to boar, when
he shoots out his nose, raising it as high as his ears, and
tosses his nose in the wind.
Board, n. [Sax. bord.] 1. A piece of timber sawed thin,
and of considerable length and breadth, compared with
the tliickness, used for building and other purposes. 2. A
tabie. 3. Entertainment ; food ; diet. 4. A table at
which a council or court is held . 5. The deck of a ship ;
the interior part of a ship or boat. 6. The side of a ship.
[Fr. bordi Sp. borda.] 7. The line over which a ship
runs between tack and tack. 8. A table for artificers to sit
or work on. 9. A table or frame for a game. 10. A body
of men constituting a quorum in session ; a court, or
council.
Board, v. t. L To lay or spread with boards ; to cover
with boards. 2. To enter a sliip by force in combat, which
answers to storming a city or fort on land. 3. To attack ;
to make the first attempt upon a man. In Spejiser, to ac-
cost. [Fr. aborder.] [Obs.] 4. To place at board, for a
compensation, as a lodger. 5. To furnish with food, or
food and lodging, for a compensation.
Board, v. L To receive food or diet as a lodger or without
jodgings, for a compensation.
BoARD'A-BLE, a. That may be boarded, as a ship.
BoARD'ED, pp. Covered with boards ; entered by armed
men, as a ship ; furnished with food for a compensation.
BoARD'ER, n. 1. One who has food or diet and lodging in
another's family for a reward. 2. One who boards a ship
in action ; one who is selected to board ships.
BoARD'ING, ppr. Covering with boards; entering a ship
by force ; furnishing or receiving board.
BoARD'ING-SCHOOL, n. A school, the scholars of which
board with tlie teacher.
BoARD'-WA-GES, 72. Wages allowed to servants to keep
themselves in victuals.
BoAR'ISH, a. Swinish ; brutal ; cruel. Shak.
BoAST, w.i. [W.bostiaw.] 1. To brag, or vaunt one's self ;
to make an ostentatious display, in speech, of one's own
wortli, property, or actions. 2. To glory ; to speak with
laudable pride and ostentation of meritorious persons or
tilings. 3. To exalt one's self.
BoAST, V. i. 1. To display in ostentatious language ; to
speak of witli pride, vanity or exultation, with a view to
self commendation. 2. To magnify or exalt. 3. To exult
m confident expectation.
BoAST, n. 1. Expression of ostentation, pride or vanity ; a
vaunting, 2. The cause of boasting ; occasion of pride,
vanity, or laudable exultation.
BoAST'ER, n. One who boasts, glories or vaunts ostenla
tiously.
BoAST'FUL, a. Given to boasting ; ostentatious of person-
al worth or actions.
Bc3AST'ING,ppr. Talking ostentatiously ; glorying; vaunt-
ing.
BoASTTNG, n. Ostentatious display of personal worth, or
actions : a glorying or vauntijng.
BoAST'ING-LY, adv. In an ostentatious manner; with
boasting.
BoAST'IVE, a. Presumptuous. [Unusual.]
BoAST'LESS, a. Without ostentation. Thomson
Boat, n. [Sax, and Sw. hat.] 1. A small open vessel, or
water craft, usually moved by oars, or rowing. 2. A
♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ,— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tJiis. f Obsolete
BOD
m
BOl
small vessel carrying a mast and sails ; but usually de-
scribed by another word, as, a packet-boat.
BoA'J', V. t. To transjwrl in a boat ; as, loboat goods across
a lake. jSs/i.
Bo \T A-BLE, a. Navigable for boats, or small river craft,
Rai/isaij.
BoAT-BILL, n. A genus of birds, (he cancroma.
BoAT'-FLV, or BoAT'-lJSf-SE€T, ii. A genus of insects.
BoAT'-HOOK, /I. An iron hook with a point on the back,
fiAed 10 a long pole, to pull or push a boat.
Boat [NG,ppr. Transporting in boats.
RoAT iNG, It. 1. The act or practice of transporting in
boats. — -2. In Persia, a punishment of capital otfeudei-s by
lajirig tliem on the back in a boat which is covered,
where they perish.
f BU-A''J'tON, )i. [L. boo.] A crying out ; a roar.
BoAT'MAJN', or BoATS'MAN, n. A man who manages a
b-iat ; a rower of a boat.
BoA'i''-ROP£, 11. A rope to fasten a boat, usually called a
painter.
boAT -SHAPE]1, a. Having the shape of a boat ^ navicu-
lar ; cymbiform ; hollow, like a boat.
*BoATiSWA[N, n. {in familiar speech, pronounced ho'sn.)
[Sax. batswein.] An officer on board' of ships, who has
charge of the boats, sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables
and cordage.
BOB, n. 1. Any little round thing, that plays loosely at the
end of a string, cord, or movable maciiine , a little orna-
ment or pendant, that hangs so as to play loosely. 2. The
words repeated at the end of a stanza. 3. A blow ; a
shake or jog ■, a jeer or flout. 4. The ball of a short pen-
dulum. 5. A mode of ringing. 6. A bob-wig.
BOB, V. t. 1. To beat ; to shake or jog. 2. To cheat ; to
gam by fraud. 3. To mock or delude. 4, To cut short.
BOB, 0. i. 1. To play backward and forward ; to play loose-
ly against any thing. 2. To angle or fish for eels, or to
catch eels with a bob
t BO- BANCE', (bo-bans') n. A boasting. Chancer.
BOBBED, pp. Beat or shaken ; cheated 5 gained by fraud ;
dc uded
BOB'BIiV, n. [Fr. bohine ; D. babijn.] A small pin or cylin-
drical piece of wood, with a head, on which thread is
wound for making lace. A similar instrument, used in
spiiming ; a spool.
BOB'BING, ppr. Playing back and forth ; striking ; cheat-
ing ; angling for eels.
BOB'BIN-WoRK, n. Work woven with bobbins.
'BOB BISH, a. In familiar discourse, used for being hearty ;
in good spirits.
BOB-CllIi^R-RY, n. Among children, a play in which a
cherry is hung so as to oob against the mouth.
Bo'BO, n. A Mexican fish, two feet long.
BOH'Sl'AYS, 71. Ropes to confine the bowsprit of a ship
downward to the stem.
BOB' TAIL, n. 1. A short tail, or a tail cut short. 2. The
rabble ; used in contempt.
BOB'-T AILED, a. Having the hair cut short.
BOB-WIG, r. A short wig. Spectator.
BOeAClUE, or BO€AKE, n. An animal found on the
banks of the Dnieper.
BO€'A-SlNE, n. [Fr.] A sort of fine linen or buckram.
BOCE, n. The sparus, a beautiful fish. .ash.
RO^^'F T FT )
BOf'k'E ret' ( ^" ^ ^"^^ of long-winged hawk.
BO€K'LANd' [See Bookland.] Encyc.
BODE, V t. [Sax. bodian, hodigan.] To portend ; to fore-
show ; to presage ; to indicate something future by signs ;
to be the omen of.
BODE, V. i. To foreshow ; to presage. Dryden.
BODE, n. 1. An omen. Chaucer. 2. A stop. See Abide.
tBoDE'MENT, n. An omen ; portent ; prognostic.
t BODgE, v. i. To boggle ; to slop. Shale.
t BODGE. 71. A botch. Whitlock.
BODICE, 71. Stays; a waistcoat, quilted with whalebone,
worn by women.
BOD lED, a. Having a body. Shale.
BOD'I-LESS, a. Having no body or material form ; incor-
poreal.
■t BOD I-LI-NESS, 71. Corporality. Minshen.
BOD'I-LY, a. 1. Having or containing a body, or ma*^erial
form ; corporeal. 2. Relating or pertaining to the body,
in distinction from the mind. 3. Real •, actual.
BOD'I-LY, adv. Corporeally ; united with a body or matter.
BoD'ING, ppr. Foreshowing-, presaging.
BoD'ING, 71. An omen. Bp. Ward.
BODKIN, n. 1. An instrument for making holes by pierc-
ing. An instrument with an eye, for drawing thread,
tape, or riband through a loop, &c. An instrumoitlo dress
the hair. 2. A dagger ; [not in use.]
BOD'LEI-AN, a. Pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley.
BODY, V. [Pax. bodig.] 1. The frame of an anima! ; the
material substance of an animal. 2. Matter, as opposed
to spirit. Hooker. 3. A person •, a human being ; some-
times alone ; more generally, with some or no ; as, .sonic-
boggy or swampy
body ; nobody. 4. Reality, as opposed to repiesentatiou
5. A collective mass ; a number of individuals or particu
lars united. 6. The main army ; any number of forces.
7. A corporation ; a nun)ber of men, united by a common
tie, by one form of government, or by occupation. S. The
main part ; the bulk ; as, the body of a tree. 9. Any ox-
tended, solid substance ; matter ; any substance or masa
distinct from others. 10 A pandect ; a general collec-
tion ; a code ; a system. 11. Strength ; as, windof agoo^
body.
BODY, V. t. To produce in some form.
BOD'Y-CLOTHES, n. plii. Clothing or covering for tb
body, as for a horse, jiddison,
BOD'Y-GUaRD, n. The guard that protects or defends tb&
person ; the life-guard. Hence, security.
BOG, 71. [Ir. bog.] 1. A quagmire covered with grass or
other plants. 2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth,
in marslies and swamps, filled with roots and grass. JVcw
England,
BOG, v.t. To whelm or plunge, as in mud and mire.
BOG'-BkAN, n. Menyanthes, a plant.
BOG'-BER-RY, 71. Vaccinium ; a name of the cranberry
growing in marshy places.
BOG'GLE, v. i. 1. To doubt ; to hesitate ; to stop, as if
afraid to proceed, or as if impeded by unforeseen difficul-
ties ; to play fast and loose. 2. To dissemble.
BOG'GLE, V. t. To embarrass with difficulties; a popular
or vulgar iLse of the word in the United States.
BOG'GLED, pp. Perplexed and impeded by sudden difficul
ties ; embarrassed.
BOG'GLER, n. A doubter ; a timorous man.
BOG'GLING, ppr. Starting or stopping at difficulties ; hesi-
tating.
t BOG'GLISH, a. Doubtful. Taylor.
BOG'GY, a. Containing bogs ; full of bogs.
BOG'HOUSE, 71. A house of office.
BOG'-LAND, a. Living in or pertaining to a marshy coon-
try. Dryden.
BO'GLE, or BOG'GLE, n. [W. bwg.] A tugbear.
BOG'-ORE. n. An ore of iron found in be
land.
BOG'-RUSH, 71. 1. A rush that grows in bogs. 2. A bird, a
species of warbler.
BOG'-SPA V-TN, 71. In horses, an encysted tumor on the in-
side of the hough.
BOG'-TROT-TER, n. One who lives in a boggy country
Johnson.
BOG'-WHoRT, n. The bilberry or whortleberry, growing
in low lands.
BO-HkA', (bo-he') n. [Grosier informs us that this is named
from a mountain in China, called Vou-y, or Voo~y.] A
species of coarse or low-priced tea from China ; a species
of black tea.
BOl'AR, or BOY'AR, n. In the Russian empire, a noble-
man ; a lord ; a person of quality ; a soldier.
BOI'A-RIN, n. In Russia, a gentleman.
BOI-GUA'€U, 71. The largest of the serpent kind.
BOIL, V. i. [Fr. bouiUir : L. huUio.] 1. To swell, heave, or
be agitated by the action of heat ; to bubble ; to rise in
bubbles. 2. To be agitated by any other cause than
heat. 3. To be hot or fervid ; to swell by native heat,
vigor or irritation. 4. To be in boiling water ; to suffer
boiling heat in water 01 other liquid, for cookery or other
purpose. 5. To bubble ; to effervesce ; as a mixture of
acid and alkali. — To boil airay, to evaporate by boiling.
— To boil over, is to run over the top "of a vessel.
BOIL, V. t. 1. To dress or cook in boiling water ; to seethe ;
to extract the juice or quality of any thing by boiling.
2. To prepare for some use in boiling liquor. To form by
boiling and evaporation.
BOIL, 71. [D. buil ; Ger. heule ; Dan. bylde ; Sax. bile.] A
tumor upon the flesh, accompanied with soreness and in-
flammation •, a sore, angry swelling.
BOILED, pp. Dressed or cooked by boiling ; subjected to
the action of boihng liquor.
BOIL'ER, 71. 1. A person who boils. 2. A vessel in which
any thing is boiled.
BOTL'ER-Y, 71. A place for boiling and the apparatus.
BOIL'ING, ppr. Bubbling ; heaving in bubbles ; being agi
tated, as boiling liquor ; swelling with heat, ardor or pas-
sion ; dressing or preparing for some purpose by hot
water.
BOIL'ING, V. The act or state of bubbling ; agitation by
heat ; ebullition ; the act of dressing by hot water ; the
act of preparing by hot water, or of evaporating by heat.
BOI-O'BI, V. A green snake, found in America.
BOIS'TER-OUS, a. [D. byster ; W. biryst.] 1. Loud ; roar-
ing •, violent ; stormy. 2. Turbulent ; furious ; tumultu-
ous ; noisy. 3. Large ; unwieldy ; huge ; clumsily vio
lent. [Obs.] 4 Violent.
BOIS'TER-OTJS-LY, adv. Violently ; furiously ; with loud
noise ; tumultuouslv.
BOrS'TER-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being
boisterous ; turbulence ; disorder ; tumultuousness.
* See Synopms A, E, I, Xj, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY v—PIN, MARINE^ BlRD ;- f Obsolete
BOL
97
BOiN
HOl-TI-A'PO, n. A Brazilian serpent.
Bo'LA-RY, a. Pertaining to bole or clay, or partaking of
its nature and qualities. Brown.
BOL'Bl-TINE, a. An epithet given to one of the channels
or mouths of the Nile.
Bold, a. [Sax. bald, beald.] 1. Daring ; coui'ageous 5 brave ;
intrepid ; fearless. 2. Requiring courage in the execution ;
executed with spirit or boldness ; planned with courage
nnd spirit. 3. Confident ; not timorous. — 4. In an ill
seme, rude, forward, impudent. 5. Licentious ; show-
ing great liberty of fiction or expression. 6. Standing out
to view j striking to tlie eye ; as uuld figures in painting.
7. Steep ; abrupt ; prominent ; as, a bold shore. — To make
bold, to take freedoms ; a common, but not a correct
phrase. To be bold is better.
tBoLD, ^. t. To make daring. Hall.
BoLD'EN, (bold'dn) v. t. To make bold ; to give confi-
dence. This is nearly disused. Jlscham.
BoLD'-FACE, n Impudence ; sauciness ; a term of repre-
hension ani reproach.
BoLD'-FACED, a. Impudent. Bramhall.
BoLD'LY, adv. In a bold manner ; courageously 5 intrep-
idly ; without timidity or fear ; with confidence. Some-
times, perhaps, in a bad sense, for impudently.
BoLD'xVESS, 91. 1. Courage -, bravery ; intrepidity ; spirit ;
fearlessness. 2. Prominence ; the quality of exceeding
the ordinary rules of scrupulous nicety and caution. 3.
Freedom from timidity ; liberty. 4. Confidence 5 confi-
dent trust. 5. Freedom from bashfulness ; assurance ;
confident mien. 6. Prominence ; steepness. 7. Excess
of freedom, bordering on im.pudence.
EOLE, n. [Sw. bol.'\ 1. The body, or stem of a tree.
[A'ct in use.'\ 2. A measure of corn, containing six
bushels.
BOLE, n. A kind of fine clay, often highly colored by iron.
BO-LET'I€, a. Boletic acid is the acid of boletus.
BO-Le'TUS, 71. [L.] A genus of mushrooms.
Bo'LIS, 71. [L.] A fire-ball darting through the air, follow-
ed by a train of light or sparks.
BoLL, 71. [W. bul ,' Sax. bolla.] The pod or capsule of a
plant, as of flax ; a pericarp. Bule, a measure of six
bushels, is sometimes written in this manner.
BoLL, V. i. To form into a pericarp or seed-vessel.
BoLL'INGS, 71. pi. Pollard-trees, whose heads and branch-
es are cut off, and only the bodies left. Ray.
BO-Lo'GNI-AN STONE, (bo-lo'ne-an-stone) Radiated sul-
phate of barytes, first discovered near Bologna.
BoL'STER, 71. [Sax. and Sw. bolster.] 1. A long pillow or
cushion, used to support the head of persons lying on a
bed. 2. A pad, or quilt. — 3. In saddlery, a part of a sad-
dle raised upon the bows or hinder part, to hold the rider's
tliigh. — 4. In skips, a cushion or bag, filled with tarred
canvas, used to preserve the stays from being worn or
chafed by the masts.
BoL'STER, V. t. 1. To support with a bolster, pillow or any
soft pad or quilt. 2. To support ; to hold up ; to maintain.
3. To aflford a bed to. [Unu^-^ual.] Shak.
BoL'STERED, a. Swelled out.
BoL'STER-ER, n. A supporter.
BoL'STER-ING, n. A prop or support. Taylor.
BoLT, n. [Dan. bolt.] 1. An arrow; a dart; a pointed
shaft. Dryden. 2. A strong cylindrical pin, of iron or
other metal, used to fasten a door, a plank, a chain, &c.
3. A thunder-bolt ; a stream of lightning, so named from
its darting like a bolt. 4. The quantity of twenty-eight
ells of canvas.
BoLT, V. t. 1. To fasten or secure with a bolt, or iron pin,
whether a door, a plank, fetters, or any thing else. 2. To
fasten ; to shackle ; to restrain. Shak'. 3. To blurt out ;
to utter or throw out precipitately. 4. [Norm, baiter, a
bolting sieve. Glu. Fr. blutcr.] To sift or separate bran
from flour. — 5. Among sportsmen, to start or dislodge, used
of conys. 6. To examine by sifting. [Inelcirant.] 7.
To purify; to purge. lUimsual.'] Shak. 8. To discuss or
argue.
BoLT, V. i. To slioot forth suddenly ; to spring out with
speed and suddenness ; to start forth like a bolt.
BoLT'-AU-GER, 71. A large borer, used in ship-building.
BoLT'-BoAT, n. A strong boat that will endure a rough
sea. Msh.
BoLT'ED, pp. Made fast with a bolt ; shot forth ; sifted ;
examined.
BoLT'ER, n. 1. An instrument or machine for separating
bran from flour. 2. A kind of net.
tBoLT'SR, «. t. To besmear. Shak.
BoLT'-I-IEAD, n. A long, straigiit-necked glass vessel for
chemical distillations, called also a matrass or receiver
BoLT'ING, ppr. Fastening with a bolt, or bolts ; blurting
out ; shooting forth suddenly ; separating bran from flour ;
sifting ; examinmg ; discTissing ; dislodging.
BoLT'ING, 7^. The act of fastening with a bolt or bolts ; a
sifting ; discussion.
Bolt ING-CLOTH, 7i. a Hnen or hair cloth, of wliich bolt-
ers are made for sifting meal .
BoLT'ING-HOLTSE, n. The house or place where meal is
bolted.
BoLT'iNG-IIUTCPI, n. A tub for bolted flour.
BoLT'ING-?.IILL, 77. A machine or engine for sifting
meal .
BoLT'ING-TUB, 71. a tub to sift meal in.
BoLT'-ROPE, n. A rope to which the edges of sails are
sewed to strengthen them.
BoLT'-SPRIT. See Bowsprit.
BO'1-.US, 7!. [L.] A soft mass of any thing medicinal, to be
swallowed at once, like a pill.
BOM, 71. A large serpent found in America.
B6MB, (bum) n. [L. bo7nbus ,• Gr. jSo/ijSof.] 1. A great noise
2. A large shell of cast iron, round and hollow, wit?-, a veiit
to receive a fusee, which is made of wood. This being
fiDed with gunpowder, and the fusee set on fire, the bomb
is thrown from a mortar, in such a direction as to fall into
a fort, city, or enemy's camp. 3. The stroke upon a bell.
f BoMB, V. t. To attack with bombs ; to bombard.
BOMB, V. i. To sound. Ben Jovson.
BoM'BARD, ?i. \¥r.bombarde.] 1. A piece of short, thick
ordnance. 2. An attack with bombs ; bombardment.
Barlow. 3. A barrel ; a drinking vessel ; [O&s.]
BoSI-BARD', V. t. To attack with bombs thrown from
mortars.
BoM-BaRD'ED, pp. Attacked with bombs.
BoM-BAED-IeR , n. 1. One whose business is to attend
the loading and firing of mortars. 2. Carabus, a genus of
insects.
BoM-BARD'ING, ppr. Attacking with shells or bombs.
B6M-BaRD MENT, n. An attack with bombs ; the act of
throwing bombs into a town, fort, or sliip.
BoM-BaR'DO, 71. A musical instrument of the wind kind,
much like the bassoon, and used as a bass to the hautboy.
Encyc.
BoM-BA-S'iN', 71. A name given to two sorts of stufls, one
of silk, the other crossed of cotton.
* EoM'BAST, 77. Originally, a stuff of soft, loose texture,
used to swell garments. Hence, high-sounding words ;
an inflated style ; fustian.
* BoM'BAST, a. High-sounding ; inflated ; big without
meaning. Swift.
t E6M-BAST', v.t. To inflate. Bp. Hall.
Bo]M-BAST'I€, a. Swelled ; high-sounding ; bombast.
E6MBAST-RY, 7;. Swelling words without much mean-
ing ; fustian. Swift.
BoMB'-CHEST, 7i. A chest filled with bombs, or only with
gunpowder, placed under ground, to make destruction by
its displosion.
BOM'BI-AT, 77. A salt formed by the bombic acid and any
base saturated. Lavoisier.
BOM'BIC, a. Pertaining to the silk-wonn.
BOM-BI-La'TION, 72. [Ij.bombilo.] Sound; report, noise.
Brown. [Little used.]
BoMB'-KLTCH, ) 71. A small ship or vessel, constructed
B6IMB'-VES-SEL, \ for throwmg bombs.
BOM-BYC'I-NOUS, a. [L. bombycinus.] 1. Silken ; made
of silk. 2. Being of the color of the silk-worm ; trans-
parent, with a yellow tint.
BOM'BYX, 7!. [Gr. iSof/i3u|.] The silk-worm.
Bo'NA-Fi'DE. [L.] With good faith ; without fraud or
deception.
Bo-NA-Ro-BA, 7!. [It.] A showy wanton. Shak.
t BO-NAIR', a. [It. bonai-io.] Complaisant ; yielding.
BO-Na'SUS, 7i. [LJ A species of 60s, or wild ox.
BON'-CHTeF, 7?.. [Fr. 6071 chef. ] Good consequence.
BON CHRETIEN, 71. [Fr.] A species of pear.
BOND, 7?. [Sax. bond.] 1. Any thing that binds, as a cord,
a band. 2. Ligament ; that which holds things together.
3. Union ; connection ; a binding. — 4. In the plural,
chains, imprisonment ; captivity. 5. Cause of union ;
cement which unites ; link of connection. 6. An obhga-
tion imposing a moral duty, as by a vow, or promise, by
law or other means. — 7. In /«;;•, an obligation or deed, by
wliich a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and
administrators, to pay a certain sum, on or before a future
day appointed.
BOND, a. [for bound.] In a state of servitude, or slavery j
captive.
BOND, V. t. To give bond for ; to secure payment of, by
giving a bond. fVar in Disnruise.
BOND' AGE, n. 1. Slavery, or invr^^Uintary servitude ; cap-
tivity ; imprisonment ; restraint of a person's Uberty by
compulsion. 2. Obligation; tie of duty.
BOND'ED, pp. Secured by bond, as duties. Bonded goods
are those for the duties on which bonds are given at the
custom-house.
BOND'MaID, 7!. A female slave.
BOND'MAN, 77. A man slave.
BOND'SER-VANT, n. A slave.
BOND'SER-VlCE, 71. The condition of a bond-servant .;
slavery
BONDSLAVE, 77. A person in a state of slavery.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as RH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
BOO
BOO
BONDS'MAN, n. 1. A slave. [O&s.] 2. A surety ; one who
is bound, or who gives security, tor another.
BONDS'WOM-AN, or B0ND'-W5M-AN, n. A woman
slave. Ben Jonson.
BON'DU€, n. A species of g-uilandina, ornickar-tree
BONE, n. [Sax. ban.] 1. A firm, hard substance, of a dull
white color, composing some part of the frame of an animal
body. 2. A piece of bone, with Qragments of meat adhering
to it. — To be upon the bones, is to attack. [Little used, and
vulgar.']— To make no bones, is to make no scruple.
BONE, V. t. 1. To take out bones from the flesh, as in
coc kery. Johnson. 2. To put whale-bone into stays. Ash.
BONES, n. A sort of bobbins, made of trotter bones, for
weaving lace ; also dice.
BoNE'- -ACE. n A game at cards.
BoNE' -a€HE, n. Pain in the bones. Shak.
BoNE]), pp. Deprived of bones, as in cookery.
EoNE]), a. Having bones ; used in composition.
fBoNE'LACE, n. A lace made of linen thread, so called
because made with bobbins of bone, or for its stiffness.
BoNE' LESS, a. Without bones ; wanting bones.
BoNE'-SET, v.t. To set a dislocated bone ; to unite broken
bones. Wiseman.
BoNE'-SET, n. A plant ; the thoroughwort.
BoNE'-SET-TER, n. One whose occupation is to set, and
restore broken and dislocated bones.
BoNE'-SET-TlNG, n. That branch of surgery which con-
sists in replacing broken and luxated bones ; the practice
of setting bones.
BoNE'-SPAV-IN, n. A bony excrescence, or hard swelling,
on the inside of the hock of a liorse's leg.
BO-NET'TA, n. A sea fish. Herbert.
BON'FIRE, n. [Fr. bon, and fire.] A fire made as an ex-
pression of public joy and exultation.
f BON'GRACE, n. [Fr. bonne, and grace.] A covering for
the forehead. Beaumont.
■f BON'I-FY, u. t. To convert into good. Cudworth.
BO-Nl'TO, n. [Sp.] A fish of the tunny kind.
jBON'I-TY, 71. Goodness.
BON'MOT, n. [Fr. hon and mot.] A jest ; a witty repartee.
This word is not anglicized, and may be pronounced
bo-mo.
BON'NET, 71. [Fr. bonnet.] 1. A covering for the head. —
2. In fortification, a small work with two faces, having
only a narapet, with two rows of palisades.
t BON'NET, V. i. To pull off the bonnet ; to make obei-
sance. Shak.
BON'NET-PEP-PER, n. A species of capsicum.
BON'NI-BEL, 71. [Fr. bonne and belle.] A handsome girl.
Spenser.
BON'NI-LASS, n. A beautiful girl. Spenser.
BON'NI-LY, adv. Gayly ; handsomely ; plumply.
BON'NI-NESS, n. Gayety ; handsomeness ; plumpness.
[Little used.]
BON'NY, a. [Fr. bon, bonne.] 1. Handsome ; beautiful.
2. Gay ; merry ; frolicksome ; cheerful ; blithe.— 3. In
familiar language, plump.
BON'NY, n. Among miners, a bed of ore.
BON'NY-€LAB-BER, n. A word used in Ireland for sour
buttermilk. It is used in America for any milk that is
turned, or become thick, in the process of souring.
BON'TEN, n. A narrow Avoolen stufi".
Bo'NUM MAG'NUM. [L.] A species of plum.
Bo'NUS, n. [L.J A premium given for a charter or other
privilege.
Bo'NY, a. 1. Consisting of bones 5 full of bones ; pertain-
ing to bones. 2. Having large or prominent bones ; stout ;
strong.
BON'ZE, (bon'zy) n. An Indian priest.
BOOBY, n. [Bp.bobo.] J. A dunce ; a stupid fellow 5 a
lubber. 2. A fowl of the pelican genus.
BOOK, n. [Sax. boc] 1. A general name of every literary
co"mposition which is printed ; but appropriatehj, a printed
composition bound ; a volume. 2. A particular part of a
literary composition ; a division of a subject in the same
volume. 3. A volume or collection of sheets for writing,
or in which accounts are kept. — Li books, in kind remem-
brance ; in favor. Without book, by memory ; without
reading ; without notes ; without authority.
BOOK, V. t. To enter, write, or register in a book.
b0QK-A€-€OUNT', 71. An account or register of debt or
credit in a book.
BOOK'BiND-ER, n. One whose occupation it is to bind
books _
BOOK'BlND-ING, n. The art or practice of binding books ;
or of sewing the sheets, and covering them with leather
or other material.
BOOK'CASE, 71. A case for holding books.
BOOKED, pp Written in a book -, registered.
BOOK'FUL, a Full of notions gleaned from books ; crowded
with undigested learning.
BOOK'ING, jjpr. Registering in a book.
BOOK'ISH, a. Given to reading ; fond of study ; more ac-
quainted with books than with men.
BOOK'ISH-LY, fflJt). In the way of being addicted to Looks
or much reading.
BOOK'ISH-NESS, n. Addictedness to books.
B06k'-KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps accounts, or the aiv
counts of another.
BOOK'-KEEP-ING, n. The art of recording mercantile
transactions in a regular and systematic manner ; the art
of keeping accounts.
BOOK'LAND, or BOCK'LAND, n. In old English la^ns.
charter land, the same as free socage land.
BOOK'LEARN-ED, a. Versed in books ; acquainted with
books and literature.
BOOK'LEARN-ING, 71. Learning acquired by reading ;
acquaintance with books and literature.
BOOK'LESS, a. Without books ; unlearned.
B60K MA-KING, n. The practice of writing and publish
ing books.
BOOK'MAN, n. A man whose profession is the study of
books.
BOOK'MATE, n. A school-fellow. Shak.
BQOK'oATH, 7u The oath made on the Book, or Bible.
b66K'SEL-LER, 71 One whose occupation is to sell books.
B06K'ST0RE, n What are called booksellers' shops, in
England, are, in the United States, called bookstores.
Pickering's Vocabulary.
BOOK'WoRM, 71. 1. A worm or mite that eats holes in
books. 2. A student closely attached to books, or addict-
ed to study.
BOO'LEY, n. In Ireland, one who has no settled habitation
BOOM, 7!. [D. boom.] I. A long pole, or spar, run out from
various parts of a ship, or other vessel, for the purpose of
extending the bottom of particular sails. 2. A strong iron
chain, fastened to spars, and extended across a river, or
the mouth of a harbor. 3. A pole set up as a mark to
direct seamen.
BOOM, v.i. [Sax. byma, byme.] 1. In marine language, to
rush with violence, as a ship under a press of sail. 2. To
swell ; to roll and roar, as waves. 3. To crj' as the bit-
tern.
BOOM'KIN. See Bumkin.
boon, n. [L. bonus ; Fr. bon ; Norm, boon.] I. A gift ; a
grant ; a benefaction ; a present ; a favor granted, Addi-
son. 2. [Dan. 6071.] A prayer, or petition.
BOON, a. [Fr. bon ; L. bonus.] Gay ; merry ; kind ; boun-
tiful ; as, a boon companion. Milton.
BO'OPS, 71. The pike-headed whale.
BOOR, n. [Sax. gebtir ; D. boer.] A countryman ; a peas-
ant ; a rustic ; a plowman ; a clown .
BOOR'ISH, a. Clownish ; rustic ; awkwEird in manners ;
illiterate. Shak.
BOOR'ISH-LY, adv. In a clownish manner.
BOOR'ISH-NESS, 7). Clownishness ; rusticity; coarseness
of manners.
f BOOSE, 71. [Sax. bosig, bosg.] A stall or inclosuiefor an
ox, cow, or other cattle.
BOOSE, or BOUSE, (booz) v. i. [W. bozi.] To drink hard ;
to guzzle. [ Vulgar.]
BOO'SY, (boo'zy) a. A little intoxicated ; merry with liquor.
[ Vulgar.]
BOOST, v.t. To lift or raise by pushing : to push up. [A
common, vulvar word in JSTew England.]
BOOT, v.t. [Sax. bot, bote.] I. ^To profit; to advantage.
Hooker. 2. To enrich ; to benefit. [Obs.] Shak.
BOOT, n. 1. Profit ; gain ; advantage ; that which is giv-
en to make the exchange equal. 2. To boot, in addilion
to; over and above. 3. Spoil ; plunder. [See Booty.]
Shak.
BOOT, 71. [Fr. botte.] 1. A covering for the leg, made of
leather, and united with a shoe. 2. A kind of rack for
the leg, formerly used to torture criminals. 3. A box
covered with leather in the fore part of a coach. Also,
an apron or leathern cover for a gig or chair, to defend per-
sons from rain and mud. This latter application is local
and improper.
BOOT, V. t. To put on boots.
t BOOT'€ATCH-ER, n. The person at an inn whose busi-
ness is to pull off boots. Sicift.
BOOT'ED, pp. Having boots on. Dryden.
BOOT-EE', 71. A word sometimes used for a half or short
boot.
BO-o'TES, 71. A northern constellation.
BOOTH, 71. [W. bwth ; Ir. boith, or both.] A house or shed
built of boards, boughs of trees, or other slight materials,
for a temporary residence.
BOOT'-HOSE, n. Stocking-hose or spatterdashes, in lieu of
boots.
BOOT'LEG, n. Leather cut out for the leg of a boot.
BOOT'LESS, a. Unavailing ; unprofitable ; useless ; with-
out advantage or success. Shak.
BQOT'LESS-LY, adv. Without iise or profit.
BOOT'-TOP-PING, n. The operation of cleansing a ship's
bottom, near the surface of the water.
BOOT'- TREE, or BOOT'-LAST, n. An instrument to
stretch and" widen the leg of a boot.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, C, 1?, long.— FA'R, PALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
BOR
99
BOS
BOOT'Y. n. [Sw. byU ; Dan. bytte.] 1. Spoil taken from an
enemy' in war ; plunder ; pillage. 2. That which is
seized by violence and robbery. — To play booty, is to plsiy
dishonestly, with an intent to lose.
BO-PEEP', n. The act of looking out or from behind some-
thing, and drawing back, as children in play, for the pur-
pose of frightening each other.
BoR'A-BLE, a. That may be bored. [Little used.]
BO-RACH'IO, n. [Sp. borracho.] 1. A drunkard. 2. A
bottle or cask ; [not used,]
Bo-RAC'I€, a. Pertaining to, or produced from, borax.
BoRA-CiTE, n. Borate of magnesia.
Bo'R A-CI-TED, a. Combined with boracic acid.
Bo EA-€OUS AC ID, The base of boracic acid, partially
saturated with oxygen.
B6S A6E, (bur'rage) ?». A plant of the genus borage.
BOR'A-MEZ, n. The Scythian lamb. Brown.
Bo'RATE, n. A salt formed by a combination of boracic
acid with any base saturated.
Bo RAX, 71. [Russ. ittra.] Sub-borate of soda.
BOR'BO-RYGM, n. [Gr, /Jop/Sootjy/iOf.] A term in medicine
for a rumbling noise in the guts.
BoRD'AGE. See Bordlands.
BORD'EL, or BOR-DEL'LO, 71. [Fr. bordel ; It. bordello.] A
brothel ; a bawdy-house ; a house devoted to prostitution.
BORD'EL-LER, 71. The keeper of a brothel. Oower.
BORD'ER, 71. [Fr. bord.] The outer edge of any thing ; the
extreme part or surrounding line ; the confine or exterior
limit of a country ; the edge of a garment ; a bank raised
at the side of a garden.
BORDER, V. i. 1. To confine ; to touch at the edge, side,
or end ; to be contiguous or adjacent ; with o?t or upon.
2. To approach near to.
BORD'ER, t5. f. 1. To make a border; to adorn with a
border of ornaments. 2. To reach to ; to touch at the
edge or end ; to confine upon ; to be contiguous to. 3.
To confine within bounds ■, to limit ; [not used.]
BORD'ERED, pp. Adorned or furnished with a border.
BORD'ER-ER, n. One who dwells on a border, or at the
extreme part or confines of a country, region, or tract of
land ; one who dwells near to a place.
BORD'ER-ING, ppr. Lying adjacent to ; forming a border.
B6RD'-HALF-PEN-NY, n. Money paid for setting up
boards or a stall in market. Biirn.
BoRD'-LAND, n. In old Imo, the demain land which a
lord kept in his hands for the maintenance of his bord,
board, or table.
BoRD'-LODE, or BoARD'-LoAD, n. The service required
of a tenant to carry timber from the woods to the lord's
house.
BoPcD'-MAN, n. A tenant of bord-land, who supplied his
lord with provisions.
T BORD'-RA-GING, n. An incursion upon the borders of a
country. Spenser.
BoRD'-SER-ViCE, n. The tenure by which bord-land was
held.
BORD'URE, 71. In heraldry, a tract or compass of metal,
within the escutcheon, and around it,
BORE, V. t. [Sax. borian.] 1. To perforate or penetrate a
solid body, and make around hole. 2. To eat out or make
a hollow by gnawing or corroding, as a worm. 3. To pen-
etrate or break through by turning or labor.
BORE, V. i. 1. To be pierced or penetrated by an instru-
ment that turns. 2. To pierce or enter by boring. 3. To
push forward toward a certain point. — 4. With horsemen,
a horse bores, when he carries his nose to the ground. — 5.
In a transitive or intransitive sense, to pierce the earth
with scooping irons, which, when drawn out, bring with
them samples of the different stratums, through which
they pass. This is a method of discovering veins of ore
and coal without opening a mine.
BORE, 77. 1. The hole made by boring ; the cavity or hollow
of a gun, or other fire-arm ; the caliber. 2. Any instrument
for making holes by boring or turning, as an auger, gimblet
or wimble. 3. Any thing tedious is called a bore.
BORE, n. A tide swelling above another tide.
BORE, pret. of bear. See Bear.
BoRE'-COLE, n. A species of cabbage.
Bo'RE-AL, a. [L. borealis.] Northern ; pertaining to the
north or the north wind. Pope.
Bo'RE-AS, n. [L.] The northern wind ; a cold, northerly
wind.
BoRED, pp. Perforated by an auger or other turning instru-
ment ; made hollow.
BO-REE', n. [Fr.] A certain dance.
BOR'ER, 71. 1. One who bores ; also, an instrument to make
holes with by turning. 2. Terebella, the piercer, a genus
of sea worms, that pierce wood.
BORN, pp. of bear. Brought forth, as an animal. — To be
born, is to be produced, or brought into life.
BoRNE, pp. of bear. Carried j conveyed ; supported ; de-
frayed.
BoRNE, n. The more correct orthography of bourn, a limit
or boimdary. See Bourn.
Bo'RON, 71. The combustible base of boracic acid.
BoR'OUGH, (bur'ro) n. [Goth, tairgs ; Sax. burg, burh ;
Fr. bnnrg.] Originally, a fortified city or town. At;jreo-
e7it, the name is given, ap,propriatcly, to such town^ and
villages as send representatives or burgesses to parlia-
ment.
BoR'OUGH, rbur'ro) n. [Sax. borlioe.] In Saxon times, a
main pledge, or association of men, who were sureties or
free pledges to the king for the good behavior of each
other. — In Connecticut, this word, borough, is used for a
town, or a part of a town, or a village, incorporated with
certain privileges. — In Scotland, a borough is a body cor-
porate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district.
Borough English is a customary descent of lands and tene-
ments to the youngest son, instead of the eldest.
Borough-head, the same as head-borough, the chief of a bor-
ough.
BoR'OUGH-H6LD-ER, n. A head-borough ; a borsholder.
B6R'0UGH-MAS-TER, n. The mayor, governor or bailiff
of a borough, .^sh.
BOR-RACH'IO, n. The caoutchouc, India rubber, or elastic
gum. See Caoutchouc.
t BOR'REL, a. Rustic, rude. Spenser.
BOR'REL-ISTS, ?i. In church history, a sect of Christians in
Holland, so called from Barrel.
BOR'RoW, V. t. [Sax. borgian.] 1. To take from another
by request and consent, with a view to use the thing
taken for a time, and return it. 2. To take from another,
for one's own use ; to copy or select from the writings of
another author. 3. To take or adopt for one's oMm use,
sentunents, principles, doctrines and the like. 4. To take
for use something that belongs to another ; to assume,
copy or imitate.
t BOR'RoW, n. A borrowing ; the act of borrowing.
BOR'RoWED, ^^'^ Taken by consent of another, to be re-
turned, or its equivalent, in kind ; copied ; assumed.
BOR'RoW-ER, «. 1. One who borrows. 2. One who takes
whatjbelongs to another to use as one's own.
BOR'RoW-ING, ppr. Taking by consent to use and return,
or to return its equivalent 5 taking what belongs to an-
other to use as one's own •, copying ; assuming ; imitat-
ing.
BOR'RoW-ING, n. The act of borrowing.
BORS'HoLD-ER, n. [a contraction of burh's ealdor ] The
iiead or chief of a tithing or burg of ten men ; the head
borough.
EOS, n. [L.] In zoology, the technical name of a genus of
quadrupeds.
B0S€'A6E, 71. [Fr. boscage, now bocage.] 1. Wood ; un-
der-wood ; a thicket. — 2. In old laws, food or sustenance
for cattle, which is yielded by bushes and trees. 3. With
painters, a landscape, representing thickets of wood.
BOSCHAS, n. The common wild duck.
BOSH, 72. Outline ; figure. Todd.
BOSK'ET, BOS'aUET, or BUSK'ET, n. [It. boschetto.] In
gardening, a grove ; a compartment formed by branches
of trees.
BOSK'Y, a. Woody ; covered with thickets.
*BO'S!OM, 7?. [Sax. bosm, bosum.] 1. The breast of a hu-
man being, and the parts adjacent. 2. The folds or cover-
ing of clothes about the breast. 3. Embrace, as with the
aiTOS ; inclosure ; compass. 4. The breast, as inclosing
the heart ; or the interior of the breast, considered as the
seat of the passions. 5. The breast, or its interior, con-
sidered as a close place, the receptacle of secrets. 6. Any
inclosed place ; the interior. 7. The tender afl;ections ;
kindness ; favor. 8. The arms, or embrace of the arms.
9. Inclination ; desire. [JSfoi used.] — Bosom, in composi-
tion, implies intimacy, affection and confidence ; as, a
bosom-friend.
Bo'SOM, V. t. 1. To inclose in the bosom ; to keep with
care. 2. To conceal ; to hide from view.
BO'gOMED, pp. Inclosed in. the breast ; concealed.
Bo'SON, n. A boatswain ; a popular, but corrupt pronuncia-
tion .
EOS-Po'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to a bosporus, a strait or nar-
row sea between two seas, or a sea and a lake.
BOS'PO-RUS, 7!. [Gr. (iov; and Tropo?.] A narrow sea or a
strait, between two seas, or between a sea and a lake, so
called, it is supposed, as being an ox-passage, a strait over
which an ox may swim. The term has been particularly
applied to the strait between the Propontis and the Eux-
ine.
BOSS, 71. [Fr. basse.] I. A stud or Knob ; a protuberant
ornament, of silver, ivory, or other material, used on
bridles, harness, &c. 2. A protuberant part -, a promi
nence. 3. A round or swelling body of any kind. 4. A
water-conduit, in form of a tun-bellied figure.
BOSS' AGE, n. [Fr.] ]. A stone in a building which has a
projecture. 2. Rustic work, consisting of stones which
advance beyond the naked or level of the building.
BOSSED, pp. Studded ; ornamented with bosses.
BOSS'IVE, a. Crooked ; deformed. Osborne.
BOSS'Y. a. Containing a boss ; ornamented with bosses.
* See ^apsia M5VE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t ObsoUte
EOT
100
BOU
BOS'TEY-€HITE n, [Gr. l3oaTpvx°s ] A gem in the form
of a lock of hair. ~35fe.
BOS'VELj 71. A plant, a species of crowfoot
BOT. See Bots.
t BO-TAN'I€, n. One who is skilled in botany.
BO-TAN'I€, I a. Pertaining to botany ; relating to
BO-TAX'I-€AL, \ plants in general ; also, containing
plants.
BO-TAN'I-€AJ)-Ly, adv. According to the system of bot-
any.
BOT'A-NIST, 71. One skilled in botany ; one versed in tlie
knowledge of plants or vegetables.
BOT'A-XiZE, V. i. To seek for plants ; to investigate the
vegetable kiagdom ; to study plants. J^iebuhr, Trans.
B0T-A-N0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. ^oravrj and \oyoi.'\ A dis-
course upon plants.
BOT-A-NOM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. ^oravrj and fiavTSia.] An an-
cient species of divination by means of plants.
BOT'A-NY, n. [Gr. (^oravrj.] That branch of natural histo-
ry which treats of vegetables.
BO-TaR'GO, n. [Sp.] A relishing sort of food, made of the
roes of the mullet.
BOTCH, 71. [It. boiza.'\ 1. A swelling on tlie skin j a large
ulcerous affection. 2. A patch, or the part of a garment
patched or mended in a clumsy manner ; ill-finished work
in mending. 3. That which resembles a botch ; a part
added clumsUy ; adventitious or ill-applied words.
BOTCH, V. t. 1. To mend or patch in a clumsy manner, as
a garment. Hudibras. 2. To put together unsuitably, or
unskilfully ; to make use of unsuitable pieces. 3. To
mark with botches.
BOTCHED, pp. Patched clumsily •, mended unskilfully ;
marked with botches.
BOTCH'ER, 7!. A clumsy workman at mending ; a m-ender
of old clothes, whether a tailor or cobbler.
t BOTCH'ER-LY, a. Clumsy ; patched.
t BOTCH'ER-Y. n. A clumsv addition ; patch-work.
BOTCH'Y, a. Marked with botches ; full of botches.
BOTE, 72. [The old orthography of boot, but retained in law,
in composition. See Boot. J 1. In lair, compensation ;
amends ; satisfaction ; as, man-bote, a compensation for a
man slain. 2. A privilege or allowance of necessaries,
used in composition as equivalent to the French estovers,
supplies, necessaries ; as, house-bote, a sufficiency of wood
to repair a house, or for fuel.
BoTE'LESS, a. In vain. See Bootless.
BO-TET'TO, 7). A small, thick fish of Mexico.
BoTH, a. [Sax. butu, buticu, or batica.] Two, considered
as distinct from others, or by themselves ; the one and the
other. This word is often placed before the nouns with
which it is connected ; as. He understands how to man-
age both public and private concerns. Guth. Quintilian,
p 4. It is often used as a substitute for nouns ; as. And
Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them to Abime-
lech ; and both of them made a covenant. Gen. xxi.
Both often represents two members of a sentence ; as, He
will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the
loss of his estate ; but he will bear both, because he is pre-
pared for both. BoUn^brokc on Exile. Both often pertains
to adjectives or attributes, and in this case generally pre-
cedes them in construction •, as, He endeavored to render
commerce loth disadvantageous and infamous. Jdickle's
Liisiad.
BOTH'ER. The vulgar pronunciation of pother. See
BOTH'NI€, or BOTH'NI-AX, a. Pertaining to Bothnia, a
province of Sweden, and to a gulf of the Baltic sea.
BO-To'TOE, n. A bird of the parrot kind.
Bo'TRY-OID, ) a. [Gr. /^o-puj and ett^oj.] Having the
BO-TRY-OI'DAL, \ form of a bunch of grapes ; like
grapes.
B5 TRY-0-LTTE, ti. [Gr. ^or^vs and XtQoj.] Literally,
grape-stone -, a mineral.
BOTS, 7!. Generally used in tlie plural. A species of small
worms found in the intestines of horses.
BOTTLE, V. [Fr. bouteillc] 1. A hollow vessel of glass,
wood, leather or other material, with a narrow mouth,
for holding and can-ying liquors. 2. The contents of a
bottle ; as much as a bottle contains. 3. A quantity of
hav m a bundle •, a bundle of hay.
BOTTLE, r. t. To put into bottles.
BOT TLE-ALE, 7?. Bottled ale. Shak.
B0TTLE-€0:S1 PANIOX, or BOT'TLE-FRIEND, n. A
friend or comjAiuiGn in drinking.
BOT TLED, pp. 1 . Put into bottles ; inclosed in bottles. 2.
Having a protuberant belly. Shak.
BOT'TLE-FLOW-ER. n. A plant, the cyanus.
BOT TLE-NOSED a- Having an extraordinary large nose.
Hersey.
BOT'TLE-S€REW, n. .-^ screw to draw corks out of bot-
tles.
BOT'TLING, ppr. Putting into bottles.
HOT TLING, n The act of putting into bottles and corking.
BOT'TOM, n. [Sax. botm.] 1. The lowest part of any
thing. 2. The ground under any body of water. 3. The
foundation or ground-work of any thing, as of an edifice •
the base. 4. A low ground a dale ; a valley ; applied,
in the U. States, to the flat lands adjoining rivers, ^c It
is so used in some parts of England. Jtlitford. 5 The
deepest part ; that which is most remote from the view.
6. Bound ; limit. 7. The utmost extent or depth of cavi-
ty, or of intellect, whether deep or shallow. 8. The foun-
dation, considered as the cause, spring or origin ; the first
moving cause. 9. A ship or vessel. 10. A ball of thread.
[W. botwin.] 11. The bottom of a lane or alley is the
lowest end. 12. The bottam of beer, or other liquor, is the
grounds or dregs. — 13. In the language of jockeys, stami-
na, native strength.
BOT'TOM, V. t. 1. To found or build upon ; to fix upon as
a support. 2. To furnish with a seat or bottom. 3. To
wind round something, as in making a ball of thread.
BOT'TOM, V. i. To rest upon, as its ultimate support.
BOT'TOM-LAJS'DS. See Bottom, JVo. 4.
BOT'TOMED, pp. Furnished with a bottom ; having a
bottom. Often used in composition ; as, a fiat-bottomed
boat.
BOT'TOM-ING, ppr. Founding ; building upon ; furnishing
with a bottom.
BOT'TOM-LESS, a. Without a bottom ; fathomless.
BOT'TOM-RY, n. The act of borrowing money, and pledg-
ing the keel, or bottom of the ship, that is, the ship itself,
as security.
BOT'TO-NY, 7). In heralary, a cross bottony terminates at
eacli end in three buds, knots or buttons.
BOUCHE. See Bouge.
BoU-cHET', 7?. [Fr.] A sort of pear.
BOUD, ?!. An insect that breeds in malt or other grain ; call
ed also a weevil. Diet.
B(5U6E, (booj) v.i. [Fr. bouge.'] To swell out. [Little
used.']
t BOUGE, 77. Provisions. Jonson.
BOUGH, (bou) n [Sax. bog, boh, or bogh.} The branch of a
tree.
BOUGHT, (bawt) pret. and pp. of buy. See But.
BOUGHT, (bawt) n. [D. bogt. See Bight.] 1. A twist ; a
link ; a knot •, a flexure, or bend. Milton. 2. The part
of a sling that contains the stone.
BOUGHT'Y, (baw'te) a. Bending. Sherwood.
BOU-GIk', (boo-jE') 71. [Fr,] In surgery, a long, slender in-
strument, that is introduced through the urethra into the
bladder, to remove obstructions.
BOUIL'LON, (bool'yon) n. [Fr.] Broth ; soup.
BOUKE, or BOWKE, v. i. To nauseate so as to be ready to
vomit and to belch. Sometimes pronounced boke. Groee
Craven dialect.
BoUL'DER-WALL, v.. [rather bowlder-wall. See Bowt-
DER.] A wail fauilt of round flints or pebbles laid in a
strong mortar.
BoU-LET', n. [Fr. boule.] In the manege, a horse Is so
called, when the fetlock or pastern joint bends forward,
and out of its natural position.
BOU'LI-MY. See Bulimy.
B6ULT, an incorrect orthography. See Bolt.
BoUL'TIN, 7!. [Sp. bulto.] In architecture, a molding, the
convexity of which is just one fourth of a circle.
BOUNCE, V. i. [D. bonzen.] 1. To leap or spring ; to fly or
rush out suddenly. 2. To springer leap against any thing,
so as to rebound ; to beat or thump by a spring. 3. To
beat hard, or thump, so as to make a sudden noise. 4. To
boast or bully ; used in familiar speech. 5. To be bold o?
strong.
BOUNCE, 7!. ] . A heavy blow, thnist or thump with a large,
solid body. 2 A loud, heavy sound, as by an explosion.
3. A boast ; a ttirent ; in low language. 4. A fish ; a spe-
cies of sgua.il. . or shark.
BOUN'CER, n. A boaster ; a bully.
BOUN'CING, ppr. Leaping ; bounding with violence, as a
heavy body ; springing out ; thumping with a loud noise ;
boasting ; moving with force, as a heavy, bounding body.
BOUN'CTNG, a. Stout ; strong ; large and heavy ; a cus-
tomary sense in the United States ; as, a bouncing lass.
BOUN'CING-LY, adv. Eoastingly.
BOUND, 7!. [Norm, bonne, boune.] 1. A limit ; the line
which comprehends the whole of any given object or
space. 2. A limit by which any excursion is restrained ;
the limit of indulgence or desire. 3. [Fr. bovdir.] A leap ,
a spring ; a jump ; a rebound. — 4. In dancing, a spring
from one foot to the other.
BOUND, V. t. I- To limit ; to terminate ; to r°.strain or con-
fine. 2. To make to bound.
BOUND, r. i. [Fr. bondir.] To leap ; to jump ; to spring ,
to move forward by leaps ; to rebound.
BOUND, pret. and pp. of bind. 1. As a participle, made fasit
by a band, or by chains or fetters ; obliged by moral ties ,
confined ; restrained. 2. As a participle, or, perhaps, mort'
properly an adj., destined ; tending ; going, or intending
to go. — Bound is used in composition, as in ice-bound,
* See Synopsis a, E, T, 0, U, ^, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— \ Obsolete
BOW
101
BOX
wind-bound, when a ship is confined or prevented from
sailing by ice or by contrary winds.
BOUND' A-E.Y, n. A limit ; a bound ; a visible mark desig-
nating a limit.
BOUND-BaI'-LIFF, n. An officer appointed by a sheriff to
execute process. Blackstone.
BOUND'ED, pp. Limited ; confined ; restrained.
BOUND'ENjjj;;. of bind. See Bind, and pp. Bound.
t BOUND'EN-L\r, ado. In a dutiful manner.
BOUND'ER, n. One that limits ; a boundary.
BOUND'ING, ppr. Limiting ; confining ; restraining ; leap-
ing •, springing ; rebounding ; advancing with leaps.
BOUND'ING-STONE, or BOUND-STONE, n. A stone to
play with. Dryden.
BOUNDLESS, a. Unlimited ; unconfined ; immeasurable ;
illimitable.
BOUND'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of being without lim-
its.
BOUN'TE-OUS, a. Liberal in charity ; disposed to give
freely ; generous •, munificent ; beneficent ; free in be-
stowing gifts.
BOUN'TE-OUS-LY, adv. Liberally 5 generously ; largely ;
freely.
BOUN'TE-OUS-NESS, n. Liberality in bestowing gifts or
favors ; munificence •, kindness.
BOUN'TI-FTJL, a. Free to give ; liberal in bestowing gifts
and favors ; munificent ; generous.
BOUN'TI-FUL-LY, adv. Liberally ; largely ; in a bountiful
manner.
BOUN'TI-FUL-NESS, n. The quality of being bountiful ;
liberality iii the bestowment of gifts and favors.
t BOUN'TI-HEDE, or f BOUN'TI-HEAD, n. Goodness.
BOUN'TY, n. [Fr. bontd.] 1. Liberality in bestowing gifts
and favors 5 generosity 5 munificence. 2. A premium of-
fered or given, to induce men to enlist into the public ser-
vice, or to encourage any branch of industry.
B5U-aUET, (boo-kd') n. [Fr.] A nosegay ; a bunch of
flowers.
fBoURD, n. A jest. Spenser.
t BoURD'ER, n, A jester.
BOUR-6EOIS', (bur-joisO n. [Fr.] A small kind of printing
types, in size between long primer and brevier.
BOUR'6EON, (bur'jun) v. i. [Fr. boiLrgeon.^ To sprout ;
to put forth buds ;_to shoot forth as a branch.
*B6URN, rather BoRNE, n. [Fr. borne.} 1. A bound ; a
limit. 2. A brook ; a ton'ent ; a rivulet ; [obs.']
BoUR'NON-ITE, n. Antimonidi sulphuret of lead.
BOURSE. See Burse.
Bouse, or booze, (booz) v. L [Arm. beuzi.} To drink
freely ; to tope ; to guzzle. [./? vulgar word.} Spenser.
B5US'Y, (boo'zy) a. Drunken j intoxicated. [Vulgar.]
Dryden.
BOUT, 71. [Fr bout.] A turn ; as much of an action as is
performed at one time ; a single part of an action carried
on at successive intervals ; essay ; attempt.
BOUT, 71. ' [It. beuita, or bev2ita.] We use this word tauto-
logically in the phrase, a drinking-bout.
BOU-TaDE', 71. [Fr.] Properly, a start ; hence, a whim.
[Mot English.] Swift.
BoUTE FEu, 71. [Pr.] An incendiary ; a make-bate. [J\''ot
English.] _Bacon.
•f BoU'TI-SaLE, 71. A cheap sale ; or, according to others,
a sale by a lighted match, during the burning of which a
man may bid.
Bo VATE, n. [In law L. bovato.] An ox-gate, or as much
2and as anox can plow in a year.
Bo'VEY-€oAL, n. Brown lignite, an inflammable fossil.
Bo VINE, a. [Low L. bovinus.] Pertaining to oxen and
cows, or the quadrupeds of the genus bos.
BOW, v.t. [Sax. bugan,bygan.] 1. To bend ; to inflect.
2. To bend the body in token of respect or civility. 3. To
bend or incline towards, in condescension. 4. To de-
press ; to crush ; to subdue.
BOW, v.i. 1. To bend ; to curve ; to be inflected ; to
bend, in token of reverence, respect, or civility ; often
with doion. 2. To stoop ; to fall upon the knees. 3. To
sink under pressure.
BOW, 71. An inclination of the head, or a bending of the
body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submis-
sion.
BoW, n. 1. An instrument of war and hunting, made of
wood, or other elastic matter, with a string fastened to
each end, to throw arrows. 2. Any thing bent, or in form
of a cui-ve ; the rainbow ; the doubling of a string in a
knot ; the part of a yoke which embraces the neck ; &c.
'3. A small machine, formed with a stick and hairs, which,
being drawn over the strings of an instrument of music,
causes it to sound. 4. A beam of wood or brass, with
three long screws, that direct a lathe of wood or steel to
any arch. 5. An instrument for taking the sun's altitude
at sea. 6. An instrument in use among smiths for turning
a drill ; with turnei-s, for turning wood ; with hatters, for
breaking fur and wool. 7. Bows of a saddle are the two
pieces of wood laid archwise to receive the upper part of a
hoi;se's back, to give the saddle iis due form, and to keep
it tight. 8. Bow of a ship is the rounding part of her side
forward, beginning where the planks arch inwards, and
terminating where they close.
BoW'-BEaR-ER, n. An under officer of the forest, whose
duty is to inform of trespasses.
BoW-BENT, a. Crooked. Milton.
BoW'-DYE, n. A knid of scarlet color.
BOW-GRACE, n. In sea language, a frame or composition
of junk, laid out at the sides, stem, or bows of ships, to
secure them from injury by ice.
BoW-HAND, n. The hand that di-aws a bow.
BoW-LEG, 71. A leg crooked as a bow. Bp. Taylor.
BoW-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs
BoWMAN, n. A man who uses a bow ; an archer.
BOWMAN, n. The man who rows the foremost oar in a
boat.
BoW NET, n. An engine for catching lobsters and craw-
fish, called also bow-wheel.
BOW-PIeCE, n. A piece of ordnance carried at the bow
ofaslup.
BoW'-SHOT, 7!. The space which an anow may pass when
shot from a bow.
BoW'-STRING, 71. The string of a bow.
BoW-WIN-DOW. See Bay-window.
fBOWA-BLE, a. Of a flexible disposition.
BOWED, pp. Bent; crushed; subdued.
Bowed, pp. Bent ; like a bow.
BOWELS, n.plu. [G. bauch ; Fr. boyau.] 1. The intes-
tines of an animal ; the entrails, especially of man. The
heart. 2. The interior part of any tiling. 3. The seat of
pity or kindness ; hence, tenderness, compassion ; a
Scriptural sense. — Boicel, in the singular, is sometimes
used for gut.
BOWEL, V. t. To take out the bowels ; to eviscerate ; to
penetrate the bowels, .dsh.
BOWEL-LESS, a. Without tenderness or pity.
BOWER, 71. An anchor canied at the bow of a ship.
BOWER, 71. [Sax. bur.] 1. A shelter or covered place in a
garden, made with boughs of trees bent and twined to-
gether. 2. A bed-chamber ; any room in a house except
the hall. 3. A country seat ; a cottage. SAe7is«o7ie. 4. A
shady recess ; a plantation for shade.
BOWER, V. t. To embower ; to inclose. Shak.
BOWER, V. i. To lodge. Spenser.
BOWERS, or BOWRS, n. Muscles that bend the joints
Spenser.
BOW'ER-Y, a. Covering ; shading, as a bower ; also, con-
taining bowers. Thomson.
BOWET^' I "• ^ yo^"S hawk. .dsh.
B0WgE,'7;. i. To swell out. See Bouge.
B0W6E, V. t. To perforate. Ainsworth.
BOWING, ppr. Bending ; stooping ; making a bow.
BOWING-LY, adv. In a bending manner.
BoWL, (bole) n. [Sax. bolla.] 1. A concave vessel to hold
liquors, rather wide than deep. 2. The hollow part of
any thing ; as the baicl of a spoon. 3. A basin ; a foun-
tain.
* BoWL, n. [D. bol ; Fr. boule.] A ball of wood, used for
play on a level plat of ground.
* BoWL, V. i. To play with bowls, or at bowling.
* BoV/L, V.t. To roil as a bowl ; also, to pelt with emy
thing rolled. Shak.
BoWL'DER, V. A small stone, of a roundish form, and of
no determinate size, found on the sea shore, and on the
banks or in the channels of rivers, &c., worn smooth or
rounded by the action of water ; a pebble.
BoWL'DER-STONE. See Bowlder.
BoWL'DER-WALL, n. A wall constructed cf pebbles or
bowlders.
* BoWL'ER, n. One who plays at bowls.
BOWLINE, 7?. [Sp. and Port. boHna.] A rope fastened
near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the
square sails.
* BoWL'ING, ppr. Playing at bowls.
^BoWL'ING, 7i. The act of throwing bowls. Burton.
* BoWL'ING-GREEN, n. 1. A level piece of ground kept
smooth for bowling. 2. In gardening, a parterre in a
grove, laid with fine turf, with compartments of divers
figures, with dwarf trees ahd other decorations.
* BoWL'ING-GROUND, n. The same as bowling-green.
BOWSE, V. i. In scamen^s language, to pull or haul.
Bowsprit, n. a large boom or spar, which projects over
the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward.
t BOWSS'EN, V. t. To drink ; to drench.
BoWYER, n. An archer ; one who uses a bow ; one who
makes bows. [Little used.]
BOX, n. [Sax. bor.] 1. A coffer or chest, either of wood
or metal. 2. The quantity that a box contains. 3. A
certain seat in a plav-house, or in any public room. 4
The case which contains the mariner's compass. 5. A
money chest. 6. A tree or shrub, constituting the genus
buxus. 7. A Wow on the Iread with the hand, or on tHe
« See Synopsis MOVE BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f OlsoleU.
BRA
102
BRA
ear with the open hand. 8. A cylindrical hollow iron
used in v/heels, in which the axle-tree runs. Also, a hoi ■
low tube in a pump, closed with a valve.
BOX, V. i. To fight with the fist ; to combat with the hand
or fist.
BOX, V. t. 1. To inclose in a box ; also, to furnish with
boxes. 2. To strike with the hand or fist, especially the
ear or side of the head. 3. To rehearse the several points
of the compass in their proper order. 4. To make a hole
or cut in a tree, to procure the sap. 5. [Sp. boxar.] To
sail round.
BOXED, pp. Inclosed in a box ; struck on the head with
the fist or hand ; furnished with a box or hollow iron, as
a wheel.
BOX'EN, (boks'sn) a. Made of box-wood , resembling box.
BOX ER, n One who fights with his fist.
BOX -HAUL, V. t. To veer a ship in a particular manner,
when it is impracticable to tack.
BOX'ING, ppr. Inclosing m a box ; striking with the fist ;
furnishing with a box.
BOX ING, n The act of fighting with the fist ; a combat
with the fist.
BOX'-THORN, 71. A plant, the lycium.
BOY, n. [Pers. hack ; W. baggen.] A male child ; in gene-
ral, applied to males under ten or twelve years of age ; a
lad. Sometimes it is used in contempt for a young man.
BOY, V. t. To treat as a boy, or rather, to act as a boy.
BOY'AR, n. A Russian nobleman. See Boiar.
BOY'AU, (boy'o) n. [Fr.J In fortification, a ditch covered
with a parapet.
* BOY'-BLiND, a. Blind as a boy ; undiscerning.
BOY'ER, n. A Flemish sloop, with a castle at each end.
BOY'HOOD, n. The state of a boy, or of immature age.
BOY'ISH, a. Belongmg to a boy ; childish ; trifling ; re-
sembling a boy in manners or opinions ; puerile.
BOY'ISH-LY, adv. Childishly •, in a trifling manner.
BOY'ISH-NESS, n. Childishness 5 the manners or beha-
vior of a boy.
BOY'ISM, n. 1. Childishness ; puerility. Drxjden. 2. The
state of a boy.
BOYS-PLaY, n. Childish amusement ; any thing trifling.
BO-Yu'NA, n. A large serpent of America.
BP. An abbreviation of &isAflj9.
BRA-BANT'INE, a. Pertaining to Brabant.
•f BRAB'BLE, n. [D. brabbelen.] A broil ; a clamorous con-
test ; a wrangle. Shak.
t BRAB'BLE, v. i. To clamor ; to contest noisily.
f BRAB'BLER, n. A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow ;
a wrangler. Shak.
■f BRAB'BLING, ppr. Clamoring •, wrangling.
BRACE, n. [Fr. bras.] 1. In architecture, a piece of timber,
framed in with bevel joints, to keep tho building from
swerving either way. 2. That which holds any thing
tight •, a cincture or bandage. 3. A pair ; a couple ; as, a
brace of ducks. — 4. In music, a double curve at the begin-
ning of a stave. 5. A thick strap, which supports a car-
riage on wheels. 6. A crooked line in printing, coimect-
ing two or more words or lines ; thus, uq'< [ "• In ma-
rine language, a rope reeved througli a block at the end
of a yard. 8. Brace, or brasse, is a foreign measure an-
swering to our fathom. 9. Harness ; warlike prepara-
tion. 10. Tension ■, tightness, IL Braces, plu. Sus-
penders, the straps that sustain pantaloons, &c. 12. The
braces of a drum are the cords on the sides of it, for
tightening the heads and snares.
BRACE, V. t. 1. To draw tight ; to tighten ; to bind, or tie
close ; to make tight and finn. 2. To make tense ; to
strain up. 3. To furnish with braces. 4. To strengthen ;
to increase tension. 5. In marine language, to bring tlie
yards to either side.
BRACED, pp. Furnished with braces 5 drawn close and
tight ; made tense.
* BRACELET, n. [Fr. brasselet and bracelet.] 1. An or-
nament for the wrist. 2. A piece of defensive armor for
the arm.
BRaCER, n. 1. That which braces, binds, or makes firm ;
a band or oandage ; also, annor for the arm. 2. An as-
tringeni; medicine.
BRACK, 71. [Fr. braque.] A bitch of the hound kind.
BRACHIAL, a. [L. brachium.] Belonging to the arm.
Hooper.
BRACH'IATE, a. In botany, having branches in pairs, de
cussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right an-
gles With the next.
BRACH'MAN, or BRAM'IN, n. A philosopher or priest of
India.
BRA-€HYG'RA-PHER, n. A writer in short hand. Gayton.
BRA-€HYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. I3paxv5 and Y9^4>V-] "The
art or practice of writing in short hand ; stenography.
BRA-€HYL'0-6Y, M. [Gr. /?/ja;^;yj and Xoyoj.] Jn rhetoric,
the expressing of anything in the most concise manner.
BRACK, n. fG. bruch ] An opening caused by the parting
ot any soua oody 5 a breach 5 a broken part.
BRACK'EN, n. Fern. See Brakb
BRACK'ET, n. [Fr. braquer.] 1. Among workers in tiTK'
ber, an angular wooden stay, in form of the knee bent, to
support shelves, scaffolds, and the like. 2. The cheek of
a mortar carriage, made of strong plank. — 3. In printing,
hooks ; thus, [J.
BRACK'ISH, a. [D. brak.] Salt, or salt in a moderate de-
gree 5 it is apphed to any water partially saturated with
salt.
BRACK'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being brackish ; salt-
ness in a small degree. Cheyne.
t BRACK'Y, a. Brackish.
BRAC'TE-A, or BRAC-TE, n. [L.] In botany, a. fioial leaf,
one of the seven fulcrums or props of plants.
BRAC'TE-ATE, a. Furnished with bractes.
BilAC'TED, a. Furnished with bractes. Martyn.
BRAC'l'E-OLE, n. A little bracte. De Candolle.
BRA€'TE-0-LATE, a. Furnished with bracteoles.
BRAD, in Sax., is broad, and occurs in names ; as in Brad'
ford, broadford.
BRAD,?;. [Arm. bro-ud.} A kind of nail, without a broad
head, used in tlooi-s and otlier work.
BRAD'Y-PUS, n. The sloth, which see.
BRAG, V. i. [W, bragiaw.] To boast ; to display one's aC'
tions, merits, or advantages ostentatiously 5 to tell boast-
ful stories. [A loin word.]
BRAG, n. A boast, or boas'iing ; ostentatious verbal display
of one's deeds, or advantages ; the thing boasted.
BRAG, n. A game at cards. Chesterfield.
BRAG-GA-Do'CIO, 71. A puffing, boasting fellow.
t BRAG'GARD-ISE, n. Gloriation ; a bragging.
BRAG'GARD-ISM, n. Boastfulness ; vain ostentation
BRAG'GART, n. A boaster ; a vain felloAV. Shak.
BRA:G'GART, a. Boastful ; vainly ostentatious.
BRAG'GER, n. One who brags ; a boaster.
BRAG'GET, n. [W. bragawd.] A liquor made by ferment-
ing the wort of ale and mead.
BRAG'GING, ppr. Boasting.
BRAG'GING-LY, adv. Boastingly.
BRAG'LESS, a. Without bragging or ostentation. Shak.
[Unusual.]
t BRAG'LY, adv. Finely •, so as it may be bragged of.
BRAH-MAN'I€, a. Pertaining to the Brachmans.
BRAID, V. t. [Sax. brcdan.] 1. To weave or infold three
or more strands to form one. 2. To reproach. [Obs.] See
Upbraid.
BRAID,?!. 1. A string, cord, or other texture, formed by
weaving together different strands. 2. A start. Sackville
BRAID, a. Deceitful. Shak.
BRAIL, ?i. [Fr. brayer.] 1. A piece of leather to bind up
a hawk's vising.— 2. In navigation, brails are ropes passing
through pulleys.
BRAFL, V. t. To brail up, is to haul up into the brails, or to
tmss up with the brails.
BRAIN, n. [Sax. brcegan, bregen, bragen.] 1. That soft,
whitish mass, or viscus, inclosed in the cranium or skull,
in which the nerves and spinal marrow terminate, and
which is supposed to be the seat of the intelligent princi-
ple in man. 2. The understanding. Hale. 3. The affiec-
tions; fancy; imagination. [Unusual.] Shak.
BRAIjM, v.t. ]. To dash out the brains. Pope. 2. To con-
ceive ; to understand. [J\^ot used.] Shak.
BRaIN ISH, a. Hot-headed ; furious. Shak.
BRaIN'LESS, a. Without underetanding ; silly ; thought-
less ; witless. Shak,
BRaIN'PAN, ?). The skull which incloses the brain.
ERaIN'SICK, a. Disordered in the understanding ; giddy ;
thoughtless. Shak.
BRaIJN'SICK-LY, adv. Weakly ; with a disordered under-
standing. Shak.
BRaIN'SICK-NESS, 71. Disorder of the understanding ; gid-
diness ; indiscretion.
BRAIT, n. Among jew el e7-s, a rough diamond.
t BRAKE, pp. of break. See Break.
BRAKE, ??. [W. b?-7cg.] 1. Brake is a name given to fern,
or rather to the female fern, a species of cryptogamian
plants. 2. A place overgrown with brake. 3. 'A thicket ;
a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles. 4. In the
U. States, a thicket of canes ; as, a cane-brake. Ellicott.
BRAKE, n. 1. An instrument to break flax or hemp. 2.
The handle or lever by which a pump is worked. 3. A
baker's kneading trough. 4. A sharp bit, or snaflle. 5.
A machine for confining refractory horses, while the
smith is shoeing them. 6. That part of the caniage of a
movable battery or engine which enables it to turn. 7. A
large, heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing ,
called also a drasr.
BRa'KY, a. FuUof brakes ; rough ; thorny.
BRAM'A, 71. The bream, a fish. See Bream.
BRAM'A, BRUM'A, or BRAH'MA, n. The chief deity of
the Indian nations, considered as the creator of all things.
BRAM'BLE, n. [Sax. brembcl.] The raspberry-bush, or
blackberry-bush ; a general name of the genus rubus, of
which there are several species.
.■ice Si^vovsis. A, F., T, o, U, Y, lung —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- FIN, ^^L'\RiNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
BRA
103
BRA
BRAM'BLE-BIJSH, 71. The bramble, or a collection of
brambles growing together
BRAM'BLED, a. Overgrown with brambles.
BRAM'BLE-NET, n. A hallier, or a net to catch burds.
BRAM'BLING, or BRAM'BLE, n. A bird, a species oifrin-
gilla, the mountain finch.
BRAM'BLY, a. Full of brambles.
BRAIvI'IN, or BRAH'MIN, w. [See Brachman,] A priest
among the Hindoos and other nations of India.
BRAM'IN-ESS, or BRAM-IN-EE', m. The wife of a Bram-
in.
BRA-MIN'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the Bramins, or their
doctrines and worship.
BRAM'IN-ISM, n. The religion of the Bramins.
BRAN, n. [W. bran.] The outer coat of wheat, rye, or oth-
er farmaceous grain, separated from the flour by grinding
BRAN'-NEW, properly BRAND'-NEW, a. auite new,
[fire new ;] bright or shining.
f BRANe'ARD, n. [Fr.] A horse litter.
BRANCH, 7«. [Fr. brmiche.] 1. The shoot of a tree or other
plant 5 a limb ; a bough shooting from the stem, or from
another bmnch or bough. 2. Any arm or extended part
shooting or extended from the main body of a thing. 3.
Any member or part of a body or system 5 a distinct ar-
ticle ; a section or subdivision. 4. Any individual of a
family descending in a collateral line ; any descendant
from a common parent or stock. 5. Branches of a bridle,
two pieces of bent iron which bear the bit, the cross
chains, and the curb. 6. A warrant or commission given
to a pilot. Laws of Mass. 7. A chandelier, jlsh.
BRANCH, V. i. 1. To shoot or spread in branches ; to ram-
ify, as a plant, or as horns. 2. To divide into separate
parts or subdivisions, as a mountain, a stream, or a moral
subject ; to ramify. 3. To speak diff"iisively ; to make
many distinctions or divisions in a discourse. 4. To have
horns shooting out.
BRANCH, V. t. 1. To divide as into branches ; to make
subordinate divisions. 2. To adorn with needle-work,
representing branches, flowers, or twigs.
BRANCHED, pp. Divided or spread into branches ; separa-
ted into subordinate parts ; adorned with branches 5 fur-
nished with branches.
BRANCH'ER, ?i. 1. One that shoots forth branches. 2. A
young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest and take to
the branches.
BRANCH'ER-Y, n. The ramifications or ramified vessels
dispersed through the pulpy part of fruit.
BRANCH'I-NESS, n. Fullness of branches.
BRANCH'ING, ppr. Shooting in branches ; dividing into
several subordinate parts.
BRANCH'ING, a. Furnished with branches ; shooting out
branches.
BRANCH-I-OS'TE-GOUS, a. [Gr. ^payx^a and ffreyoj.]
Having gill-covers, or covered gills,
BRANCH-LEAF, n. A leaf growing on a branch.
BRANCH'LESS, a. Destitute of branches orshoots ; with-
out any valuable product ; barren ; naked.
BRANCH'LET, n. A little branch ; a twig.
BRANCH'-PE-DUN'€LE, n. A peduncle springing from a
branch.
BRANCH'-Pl-LOT, n. A pilot who has a branch, or public
commission. Laws of Mass.
BRANCH Y, a. Full of branches ; having wide-spreading
branches. Pope.
BRAND, n. [Sax. brand.'] I. A burning piece of wood ; or
a stick or piece of wood partly burnt. 2. A sword ; noio
obsolete, unless in poetry. Milton. 3. A thunder-bolt.
Granville. 4. A mark made by burning with a hot iron,
as upon a criminal, or upon a cask ; a stigma ; any note
of infamy. Dryden.
BRAND, V. t. 1. To burn or impress a mark with a hot
iron ; as, to brand a criminal, by way of punishment ; or,
to brand a cask, or any thing else, for the purpose of fixing
a mark upon it. 2. To fix a mark or character of infamy,
in allusion to the branding of cruninals ; to stigmatize as
infamous.
BRAND'ED, pp. Marked with a hot iron ; stigmatized.
BR ANDJ -GOOSE, n. A species of anas.
BRAND ING, ppr. Impressing a mark with a hot iron ; fix-
ing a stigma or mark of reproach.
BRAND -IRON, or BRAND'ING-I-RON, 71. An iron to
brand with.
BRANDISH, V. t. [Fr. brandir.] 1. To move or wave, as
a weapon ; to raise and move in various directions ; to
shake or flourish. 2. To play with ; to flourish..
f-BRAND'ISH, 7i. A flourish. B. Jonson.
BRAND'ISHED, pp. Raised and waved in the air with a
flourish.
BRAJVD'ISH-ER, n. One who brandishes.
BR/ND'ISH-ING, ppr. Raising and waving in the air;
flourishing.
f BRAN'DLE, iJ. i. [Fi.br andiller.] To shake. Cotgrave.
BRAND'LING, n. A kind of worm. Walton.
BRAND'-NEW, a. auite new ; bright as a brand of fire.
BRAN'DY, n. [D, kranden.] An ardent spirit, distilled
from wine.
BRAN'DY-WINE, 71, Brandy. Wiseman.
BRAN'GLE, n. [Fr. branler.] A wrangle ; a squabble a
noisy contest or dispute. Swift
BRAN'GLE, v. i. To wrangle j to dispute contentiously -, to
squabble. Swift.
BRAN'GLE-MENT, 71, Wrangle ; brangle.
BRAN'GLER, n. One who wishes to quarrel ; a wrangler.
Kersey.
BRAN'GLING, 71. A quarrel. Whitlock.
BRANK, 71. ]. Buckwheat, a species of poii/o-oriTtTTi. 2, In
some parts of England and Scotland, a scolding-bridle, an
instrument for correcting scolding women.
BRANK'UR-SINE, n. [&ranfe,and Li.ursus.] B ear's- breech,
or acanthus, a genus of plants
BRAN LIN, 71. A species of fish of the salmon kind
BRANNY, a. Having tlie appearance of bran ; consisting
of bran. Wiieman.
t BRAN SLE, n. A brawl, or dance. Spenser.
BRANT, 71, A species of anas, or the goose kind ; called al-
so brent and brand-goose, which see.
BRANT, a. Steep. Todd.
BRa'SEN, (bra'zn) a. Made of brass.
BRASH, a. L Hasty; impetuous; rash. Orose. 2. In
so7ne parts of J^ew England, used for brittle, as applied to
timber. Pick. Voc,
BRA'SIER, (bra'zhur) n. 1, An artificer who works in brass.
2. A pan for holding coals.
BRA-SIL'. See Brazil.
BRASS, 77. [Sax. bras.] 1. An alloy of copper and zink, of
a yellow color. 2. Impudence ; a brazen face.
BRASSE, n. The pale-spotted perch.
BRAS'SI-€A, n. [L.] Cabbage. Pope.
BRAS'SI-NESS, n. A quality of brass ; the appearance of
brass.
BRASS'-PAVED, a. Hard as brass. Spenser.
BRASS'- VIS-AGED, a. Impudent.
BRASS'Y, a. 1. Pertaining to brass ; partaking of brass ;
hard as brass ; having the color of brass. 2. Impudent ;
impudently bold.
t BRAST, a. Burst. Spenser.
I3RAT, n. 1. A child, so called in contempt. 2. Offspring ,
progeny.
BRAUL, 7?. Indian cloth with blue and white stripes.
BRA-Va'DO, 71. [Sp. bravata.] A boast, or brag ; an arrO"
gant menace, intended to intimidate.
BRAVE, a. [Fr. brave.] 1. Courageous ; bold ; daring j
intrepid ; fearless of danger. 2. Gallant ; lofty ; graceful ,
having a noble mien. 3. Magnificent ; grand. Denhaw.
4. Excellent ; noble ; dignified ; but in modern usage it
has nearly lost its application to things. 5. Gaudy ;
sliowy in dress. [0Z»5,] Spenser.
BRAVE, 72. I. A hector ; a mas daring beyond discretion or
decency. Dryden. 2. A boast ; a challenge • a defiance.
Shak.
BRAVE, V. t. 1. To defy ; to challenge ; to encounter with
courage and fortitude, or without being moved ; to set at
defiance. 2. To carry a boasting appearance of. Bacon.
BRAVED, pp. Defied ; set at defiance ; met without dis-
may, or being moved.
BRaVE'LY, adv. Courageously ; gallantly ; splendidly ; in
a brave minner ; heroically. In Spenser, finely ; gaudily,
BRaV'E-RY, n. 1. Courage ; heroism ; undaunted spirit ;
intrepidity ; gallantry ; fearlessness of danger. 2. Splen-
dor ; magnificence ; showy appearance. Spenser. 3.
Show ; ostentation ; fine dress. Bacon. 4, Bravado ;
boast. Sidney. 5. A showy person. Spenser. [In the last
four senses, this icord is nearly antiquated.]
BRaV'ING, ppr. Setting at defiance ; challenging.
*BRA'VO, n. [It. and Sp.] A daring villain; a bandit;
one who sets law at defiance ; an assassin or murderer,
BRA-Vu'RA, 71. A word of modern application, to such
songs as require great vocal ability in the singer.
BRAWL, V. i. [G. brullen'.] 1, To quarrel noisily and in-
decently, 2, To speak loud and indecently, 3 To roar
as water ; to make a noise,
BRAWL, V. t. To drive or beat away
BRAWL, n. [Norm, braul.] 1. Noise ; quarrel ; scurrility ,
uproar. 2. Formerly, a kind of dance. Shak.
BRAWL'ER, n. A noisy fellow ; a wrangler.
BRAWL'ING, 71. The act of quarreling.
BRAWL'ING-LY, adv. In a quanjelsome manner.
BRAWN, 7J. [Ij. aprugnus.] 1. The flesh of a boar, or the
animal. 2. The fleshy, protuberant, muscular part of the
body. 3. Bulk ; muscular strength. 4. The arm, from
its muscles or strength.
t BRAWN, V. t. To render strong. Fuller.
BRAWNED, a. Brawny ; strong. Spenser.
BRAWN'ER, 71. A boar killed for the table,
BRAWN'I-NESS, 7i. The quality of being brawny ,
strength ; hardiness, Locke.
BRAWN'Y, a. Musculous ; fleshy ; bulky ; having large ^
strong muscles ; strong. Dryden.
* See Synopsis. MoVE. B^QK D6VE -BjILL, UNITE.— €as K ; 6as J ; SasZ ; CH as SH; THasin«Aw, i Obsolete
BRE
104
BRE
BRAY, V. t. [Sax. bracan.] 1. To pound, beat, or grind
small. 2. To make a harsh sound, as of an ass. 3. To
make a harsh, disagreeable, grating sound.
BRAY, n. 1. The harsh sound or roar of an ass ; a harsh,
grating sound. 2. Shelving ground. Fairfax.
fBRAY, n. [W. bre.] A bank or mound of earth.
BRaY'ER, n. 1. One that brays like an ass. 2. An in-
strument to temper ink in printing offices.
BRaY'ING, pp\ Pounding or grinding small ; roaring.
BRaY'ING, 11. Roar ; noise ; clamour. Smith.
BRAZE, V. t. [Fr. braser.] 1. To soder with brass. 2. To
harden to impudence ; to harden as with brass.
BRa'ZEN, (bra'-zn) a. 1. Made of brass. 2. Pertaining to
bra,ss ; proceeding from brass. 3. Impudent ; having a
front like brass. — Brazen age, or age of brass, in mytholo-
gy, the age which succeeded the silver age.
BRa'ZEN, v. i. To be impudent ; to bully.
BRa'ZEN-BROWED, a. Shameless ; impudent. Broion.
BRa'ZEN-FACE, n. An impudent person ; one remark-
able for effrontery. Shak.
BRa'ZEN-FACED, a. Impudent ; bold to excess ; shame-
less. Dryden.
BRa'ZEN-LY, adv. In a bold, impudent manner.
BRa'ZEN-NESS, n. 1. Appearance like brass. 2. Impu-
dence ; excess of assurance.
BRa'ZIER. See Brasier.
* BRA-ZIL', or * BRA-ZIL'-WOOD, ?i. [Port, braza.] Bra-
zil, or Brazil-wood, or braziletio', is a very lieavy wood, of
a red color, growing in Brazil, and otJier tropical coun-
tries.
BRAZ-IL-ET'TO, n. The same as Brazil-wood.
BRA-ZIL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Brazil. Barlow.
BREACH, n. [Fr. breche.] 1. The act of breaking ; or state
of being broken ; a rupture ; a break ; a gap ; the space
between the several parts of a solid body, parted by vio-
lence. 2. The violation of a law ; the violation or non-
fulfillment of a contract ; the non-performance of a moral
duty. 3. An opening in a coast. [JsTot usual.] 4. Sepa-
ration between friends by means of enmity ; difference ;
quarrel. 5. Infraction ; injury ; invasion ; as, a breach
upon kingly power. 6. Bereavement ; loss of a friend,
and its consequent afSistion. 7. A violation of the public
peace, as by a riot, affray, or any tumult which is con-
trary to law, and destructive to the public tranquillity, is
called a breach of the peace.
BREACH, V. t. To make a breach, or opening. Life of JVel-
lington.
BREAD, (bred) n. [Sax. bread.] 1. A mass of dough, made
by moistening and kneading the flour or meal of some
species of grain, and baking it in an oven or pan. 2. Food
in general. 3. Support of life in general ; maintenance.
t BREAD, V. t. [Sax. brmdan.] To spread. Ray.
BREAD'-CHIP-PER, n. One who chips bread ; a baker's
servant ; an under butler.
BREAD'-CORN, n. Com of which bread is made.
BREAD EN, (bred'dn) fl. Made of bread. [Littleused.]
BREAD LESS, a. Without bread , destitute of food.
BREAD'-ROOM, n. An apartment in a ship's hold, where
the bread is kept.
BREAD'STUPF, w. Bread-corn; meal; bread. [Used in
the United States.]
BREAD'-TREE, n. The bread-fruit-tree, or artocarpus, a
tree which grows in the isles of the Pacific ocean.
BREADTH, (bredth) n. [Sax. breed and bred.] The measure
or extent of any plain surface from side to side.
BREADTH'LESS, a. Having no breadth. More.
* BREaK, v. t. pret. broke, [brake. Obs.] ; pp. broke, or bro-
ken. [Sax. brmcan, hrecan.] 1. To part or divide by force
and violence, as a solid substance ; to rend apart. 2. To
burst or open by force. 3. To divide by piercing or pene-
trating ; to burst forth. 4. To make breaches or gaps by
battering, as in a wall. 5. To destroy, crush, weaken, or
imprJr, as the human body or constitution. 6. To sink ; to
appall, or subdue ; as, to break the spirits. 7. To crush ;
to shatter ; to dissipate the strength of, as of an army. 8.
To weaken, or impair, as the faculties. 9. To tame ; to
train to obedience ; to make tractable. 10. To make bank-
rupt. 11. To discard, dismiss or cashier. Swift. 12. To
crack ; to part or divide, as the skin ; to open, as an apos-
teme. 13. To violate, as a contract or promise. 14. To
infringe or violate, as a law, or any moral obligation. 15.
To stop ; to interrupt ; to cause to cease. 16. To inter-
cept ; to check ; to lessen the force of. 17. To separate ;
to part. 18. To dissolve any union, sometimes with off.
19. To cause to abandon ; to reform, or cause to reform.
20. To open, as a purpose ; to propound something new ;
to make a first disclosure of opinions. 21. To frustrate ;
to prevent. 22. To take away. 23. To stretch ; to strain ;
to rack.
Fo break the back, to strain or dislocate the vertebers with
too heavy a burden ; also, to disable one's fortune. — To
break bulk, to begin to unload. Mar. Diet. — To break a
deer, to cut it up at table.— To break faat., to eat the first
meal in the day, but used as a con:pound wori. — To break
ground, to plow. — To break ground, to dig ; to open
trenches. — To break the heart, to afflict grievously. — To
break a jest, to utter a jest unexpectedly. — To break the
neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. — To break off 1
To put a Sudden stop to ; to interrupt ; to discontinue. 2.
To sever ; to divide. — To break up. I. To dissolve or put
an end to. 2. To open, or lay open. 3. To plow ground
the first time, or after lying long unplowed. 4. To sepa-
rate. .5. To disband. — To break upon the wheel, to stretch
and break the bones by torture upon the wheel.— T'o brcxk
wind, to give vent to wind from the body backward.
* BREAK, V. i. 1. To part ; to separate ; to divide in two
2. To burst. 3. To burst, by dasliing against something
4. To open, as a tumor. 5. To open, as the morning ; to
show the first light ; to dawn. 6. To burst forth ; to utter
or exclaim. 7. To fail in trade or other occupation ; to
become bankrupt. 8. To decline in health and strength ;
to begin to lose the natural vigor. Swift. 9. To issue out
with vehemence. Pope. 10. To make way with violence
or suddenness ; to rush ; often with a particle. 11. To
come to an explanation. 12. To suffer an interruption of
friendship ; to fall out. 13. To faint, flag or pant.
To break away, to disengage itself from ; to rush from ; also,
to dissolve itself or dissipate, as fog or clouds. — To brmk
forth, to issue out. — To break from, to disengage from ; to
depart abruptly, or with vehemence. — To break in, to en-
ter by force ; to enter unexpectedly ; to intrude. — To
break loose, to get free by force ; to escape from confine-
ment by violence ; to shake off restraint. — To break off,
to part ; to divide ; also, to desist suddenly. — To break off
from, to part from with violence. — To break out. I. To issue
forth ; to discover itself by its effects, to arise or spring
up. 2, To appear in eruptions, as pustules. 3. To throw
off restraint, and become dissolute. — To break up, to dis-
solve itself and separate ; as, a company breaks up. — To
break with, to part in enmity ; to cease to be friends.
BREaK, 71. 1. A state of being open, or the act of separat-
ing ; an opening made by force ; an open place. 2. A
pause ; an interruption. 3. A line in writing or printing,
noting a suspension of the sense, or a stop in the sentence
— 4. In a ship, the break of the deck is the part where it
terminates, and the descent on to the next deck below
commences. 5. The first appearance of light in the morn-
ing ; the dawn ; as, the break of day. — 6. In architecture,
a recess.
BREaK'A BLE, a. Capable of being broken.
BREaK'AGE, n. A breaking : also, an allowance for things
broken, in transportation.
*BREaK'ER, n. ]. The person who breaks any thing ; a
violator or transgressor. 2. A rock which breaks the
waves ; or the wave itself whicn is broken. 3. A pier,
mound, or other solid matter, placed in a river, to break
the floating ice. 4. One that breaks up ground. 5. A de-
stroyer. Micah, ii.
BREAK 'FAST, (brek'fast) n. 1. The first meal in the day ;
or the thing eaten at the first meal. 2. A meal, or food in
general.
BREAK'FAST, (brek'fast) v. i. To eat the first meal in the
day.
BREAK'FAST-ING, (brek'fast-ing) ppr. Eating or taking
the first meal in the day.
BREAK'FAST-ING, n. A party at breakfast.
*BREaK'ING, ppr. Parting by violence ; rending asun-
der ; becoming bankrupt.
BREaK'NECK, n. A fall that breaks the neck ; a steep place
endangering the neck. Shak.
tBREAK'PROM-ISE, n. One who makes a practice of
breaking his promise.
t BREAK' VOW, n. One who habitually breaks his vows
Shak.
BREaK'WA-TER, n. 1. The hull of an old vessel sunk at
tlie entrance of a harbor, to break or diminish the force of
the waves, to secure the vessels in harbor. 2. A small
buoy fastened to a large one, when the rope of the latter
is not long enough to reach the surface of the water. 3. A
mole, at the mouth of a harbor, intended to break the force
of the waves.
BReAM, n. [Fr. brenie.] A fish, the cypi-inus brama, an in-
habitant of lakes and deep water.
BReAM, v. t. In sea language, to burn off the filth, such as
grass, sea-weed, ooze, &c., from a ship's bottom.
BREAST, (brest) 7!. [&ax. breast.] 1 . The soft, protuberant
body, adhering to tlie thorax, which, in females, furnishes
milk for infants. 2. The fore part of the thorax, or the
fore part of the human body between the neck and the
belly. 3. The part of a beast which answers to the breast
in man. 4. Figuratively, the heart ; the conscience ; the
disposition of the mind ; the affections ; tlie seat of the
affections and passions. 5. Formerly, the power of sing
ing. Tusser.
BREAST, (brest) v. t. To meet in front ; to oppose breast
to breast. Goldsmith.
BREAST'BONE, ??. The bone of the breast ; the sternum.
BREAST'-CASK-ET, n. One of the largest and longest of
See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
BRE
105
BRE
the caskets or strings on the middle of the yard of a
ship.
BREAST'-DEEP, a. Breast-high ; as liigh as the breast,
BREAST'ED, a. Having a broad breast ; having a fine
voice.
BREAST'P'AST, n. A large rope to confine a ship sidewise
to a wharf or key.
BREAST'-HiGH, (brest'hi) a. High as the breast.
BREAST'HOOK, n. A thick piece of timber placed directly
across the 'stem of a ship, to strengthen the fore part, and
unite the bows on each side.
BREAST'ING, ppr. Meeting with the breast ; opposing in
front.
BREAST'KNOT, (brest'not) n. A knot of ribands worn on
the breast.
BREAST'PIN, n. An ornamental pin, fixed in the linen
near the breast ; sometimes also called a broach,
BREAST'PLATE, n. 1. Armor for the breast. 2. A strap
that runs across a horse's breast. — 3. In Jewish antiquity,
a part of the vestment of the high priest.
BREAST'PLOW, n. A plow, driven by the breast, used to
cut or pare turf.
BREAST'ROPE, n. In a ship, hreastropes are used to fasten
the yards to the parrels ; now called parreZ ropes.
BRE AST'- Work, 11. In fortification, a work thrown up
for defense ; a parapet, which see.
BREATH, (breth) n. [Sax. hrceth.] 1. The air inhaled and
expelled in the respiration of animals. 2. Life. 3. The
state or power of breathing freely •, opposed to a state of
exhaustion from violent action. 4. Respite ; pause ; time
to breathe. 5. Breeze ; air in gentle motion. 6. A single
respiration. 7. An instant ; the time of a single respira-
tion ; a single act. 8. A word.
BRf ATH'A-BLE, a. That may be breathed.
BReATHE, v. i. 1. To respire ; to inspire and expire air.
Hence, to live. 2. To take breath ; to rest from action.
3._To pass as air.
BREATHE, V. t. 1. To inhale as air into the lungs, and ex-
pel it. 2. To inject by breathing ; to infuse ; followed by
into 3. To expire ; to eject by breathing ; followed by
out. 4. To exercise ; to keep in breath. 5. To inspire or
blow into ; to cause to sound by breathing. 6. To ex-
hale ; to emit as breath. 7. To utter softly or in private.
8, [W. brathu, to pierce.] To give air or vent to ; to open.
9._ To express ; to manifest.
BREATHED, pj). Inhaled and exhaled ; respired ; uttered.
BReATH'ER, n. One that breathes or lives ; one that ut-
ters ; an inspirer ; one who animates or infuses by inspira-
tion.
BREATH EUL, (breth'ful) a. Full of breath ; full of odor.
BReATH'ING, ppr. I. Respiring ; living ; uttering. 2. a.
Exhibiting to the life.
BReATH'ING, n. 1. Respiration ; the act of inhaling and
exhaling air. 2. Aspiration ; secret prayer. 3. Breathing-
place ; vent 4. Accent ; aspiration.
BReATH'ING-PLACE, 71. 1. A pause. 2. A vent.
BReATH'ING-TIME, ft. Paivse ; relaxation.
BREATH'LESS, (breth'les) a. 1. Being out of breath ; spent
with labor or violent action. 2. Dead.
BREATH'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being exhausted of
breath.
BRE€'CIA, n. [It.] In mineralogy, an aggregate composed
of angular fragments of the same mineral, or of different
minerals, united by a cement, and presenting a variety of
colors.
BRE0CIA-TED, a. Consisting of angular fragments, ce-
mented together.
BRE€H'ITE, n. A fossil allied to the alcyons.
BRED, pp. of breed. Generated ; produced ; contrived ; ed-
ucated.
t BREDE, n. A braid. .Addison.
* BREECH, (brich) n. 1. The lower part of the body be-
hind. 2. Breeches 5 but rarely used in the singular. 3.
The hinder part of any thing.
* BREECH, v.t. 1. To put into breeches. 2. To whip on the
breech. 3. See Britch.
BREECH E$, (brich ez) n. phi. [Sax. brae, braccae.] A
garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs. — To
wear the breeches is, in the wife, to usurp the authority of
the husband,
BREECH'ING, (brich'ing) ppr. 1. Furnishing with breeches,
or with a breech. 2. Whipping the breech ; and, as a
noun, a whipping,
BREECH'ING, in gunnery on board of ships.
BREED, V. t. pret and pp. bred. [Sax. bredan, brcedan.] ].
To generate ; to engender ; to hatch •, to produce tlie
young of any species of animals. Always applied to the
mother or dam. 2. To produce within or upon the body.
3. To cause ; to occasion ; to produce -, to originate. 4.
To contrive •, to hatch ; to produce by plotting. 5. To
give birth to ; to be the native place of. G. To educate ;
to instruct ; to form by education 7. To bring no ; to
nurse and foster ; to take care of in infancy, mid
through the age of youth ; to provide for, train and
conduct ; to instruct the mind and form the manners in
youth.
BREED, V. i. 1. To produce, as a fetus ; to bear and nour-
ish, as in pregnancy. 2. To be formed in the parent or
dam ; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth
3. To have birth ; to be produced. 4. To be increased by
a new production. 5. To raise a breed.
BREED, n. 1. A race or prcgeny from the same parents or
stock. 2. A cast •, a kind ; a race of men or other ani-
mals. 3. Progeny ; ofispiing ; applied to other things than
animals. 4. A number produced at once ; a hatch ; a brood
f BREED'-BATE, n. One that breeds or originates quarrels
Shak.
BREED'ER, n. 1. The female that breeds or produces,
whether human or other animal. 2. The person who ed-
ucates or brings up ; that which brings up. 3. That which
produces. 4. One who raises a breed ; one who takes
care to raise a particular breed, or breeds, as of horses or
cattle.
BREED'ING, ppr. Bearing and nourishing, as a fetus ; en-
gendering ; producing ; educating.
BREED'ING, n. 1. The act of generating or of producing.
2. The raising of a breed or breeds. 3. Nurture •, educa-
tion ; instruction ; formation of manners. 4. By way of
eminence, manners ; knowledge of ceremony ; deport-
ment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of
social life. Hence, good breeding is politeness.
BREEZE, n. [Sax. briosa.] A genus of flies or insects, tech-
nically called tahanus.
BREEZE, n. [It. brezza.] 1. A light wind ; a gentle gale.
2. A shifting wind, that blows from the sea or from the
land, for a certain time, by night or by (iay
BREEZE, V. i. To blow gently ; a word common among sea-
men. Barlow.
BREEZE'LESS, a. Motionless; destitute of breezes.
BREE'ZY, a. 1. Fanned with gentle winds or breezes. 2.
Subject to frequent breezes, Qray.
BRe'HON, n. In /mA, a judge.
BRE'IS-LA-KITE, n. A Vesuvian minera.'
t BREME, a. [Sax. bremman.] Cruel ; sharp Chaucer.
tBREN, V. t. [Sax. brennan.] To burn. Spenser.
BREN'NAGE, n. In the middle ages, a tribute or composi-
tion which tenants paid to their lord, in lieu of bran, which
thev were obliged to furnish for his hounds.
t BRENT, or f BRANT, a. [W. bryn.] Steep ; high.
BRENT, n. 1. A brant, or brand-goose, a fowl. 2. part.
Burnt J [obs.] See Been.
BREST, or BREAST, n. In r.rchitecture, the member of a
column, more usually called torus, or tore.
BREST'-SUM-MER, n. In architecture, a piece in the out-
ward part of a wooden building, into which the girders
are framed.
BRET, n. A local name of the turbot, cabled also burt or
brut.
t BRET'FUL, a. Brimful. Chaucer.
BRETH'REN, 71. ; plu. of brother. It is used almost exclu-
sively in solemn and Scriptural language, in the place of
brothers. See Brother.
BREVE, n. [It. breve ,• L. brevis.] 1. In music, a note or
character of time. — 2. In law, a writ directed to the chan-
cellor, judges, sheriffs or other officers, whereby a person
is summoned, or attached, to answer in the king's court
This word, in the latter sense, is more generally written
brief.
BRE-VET', n. 1. In the French customs, the grant of a fa-
vor or donation from the king, or the warrant evidencing
the grant ; a warrant ; a brief, or commission. More par-
ticularly, a commission given to a subaltern officer, writ-
ten on parchment, without seal. 2. A commission to an
officer which entitles him to a rank in the army above his
pay.
BReV'IA-RY, 7!. [Fr. breviaire.] 1. An abridgment ; a
compend ; an epitome. 2. A book containing the daily
service of the Romish church.
BReV'IAT, 71. A short compend ; a summary.
IBReV'IATE, v. t. To abridge. See Abbreviate.
BReV'IA-TURE, n. An abbreviation.
BRE-VIeR', 71. [Fr. breviaire.] A small kind of printing
types, in size between bourgeois and minion.
BREV'I-PED, a. [L. brevis and pes.] Having short legs, as
a fowl.
BREV'1-PED, n. A fowl having short legs.
BREVI-TY, n. [L. brevitas.] 1. Shortness ; applied to time.
2. Shortness ; conciseness ; contraction mto few words ;
applied to discourses.
BREW, V. t. [Sax. briwar.] 1. In a general sense, to boil,
and mix. 2, In a Tnore restricted sense, to make beer, ale;
or other similar liquor. 3. To mingle. 4. To contrive ;
to plot. .5. To put in a state of preparation.
BREW, V. I. 1. To be in a state of preparation ; to be mix-
ing, forming or collecting. 2. To perform the business of
brewing or making beer.
BREW, n. The mixture formed by brewing ; that which is
brewed.
* See Synopsis M<!5VE, BOOK, D6VE ^—BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
BRi
106
BJRl
BEFW'AGE, 71. Malt liquor ; drink brewed.
BREWED, pp. Mixed, steeped, and fermented j made by
brewing.
BRKW'EK, n. One whose occupation is to prepare malt li-
quors ; one wlio brews.
BR EWER- Y, n. A brew-house ; the house and apparatus
where brewing is carried on.
BREW -HOUSE, n. A brewery; a house appropriated to
brewing.
BREWING, ppr. 1. Preparing malt liquor. 2. In a state of
mixing, forming, or preparing. 3. Contriving ; preparing.
BREWING, n. 1. The act or process of preparing liquors
from malt and hops. 2. The quantity brewed at once. — 3.
Among seaiaen, a collection of black clouds portending a
storm
BREW' IS, n. 1. Broth ; pottage ; [obs.] 2. A piece of bread
soaked in boiling fat pottage, made of salted meat.
BRI'AR. See Brier.
BRIBE, n. [Ir. breab.] 1. A price, reward, gift or favor be-
stowed or promised with a view to pervert the judgment,
or corrupt the conduct of a judge, witness, or other person.
2. That which seduces.
BRIBE, v.t. 1. To give or promise a reward or consideration,
with a view to pervert the judgment, or corrupt the con-
duct. 2. To gain by a bribe.
BRiBE'-DE-VOUR'ING, a. Greedy of bribes.
BRiB'ER, n. One A^ho bribes, or pays for corrupt practices.
BRiB'ER-Y, n. The act or practice of giving or taking re-
wards for corrupt practices.
BRTBE'-WoR'THY, a. Worth bribing to obtain.
BRI€K, n. [Fr. brique.'] 1. A mtiss of earth, chiefly clay,
first moistened and made fine by grinding or treading,
then formed into a long square in a mold, dried and baked
or burnt in a kiln ; used in buildings and walls. 2. A
loaf shaped like a brick.
BRICK, V. t. 1. To lay or pave with bricks. 2. To imitate or
counterfeit a brick wall on plaster.
BRI€K'BAT, n. A piece or fragment of a brick.
BRI€K'-BUILT, a. Built with bricks. Dryden.
ERI€K'€LAY, n. Clav used or suitable for making bricks,
BRI€K'DUST, n. Dusv of pounded bricks.
BRreK'EARTH, n. Cla> or earth used or suitable for bricks.
BRIOK'KILN, (brik'kil) n. A kiln, or furnace, in which
bricks are baked or burnt.
BRICK'LaY-ER, n. One whose occupation is to build with
bricks ; a mason.
tBRie'KLE, a. Brittle ; easily broken.
BRI€'KLE-NESS, 71. Fragility. Barret.
BRI€K'MA-KER, n. [brick and viake.] One who makes
bricks, or whose occupation is to make bricks.
BRICK Work, n. The laying uf bricks, or a wall of bricks.
BRI€K'Y, a. Full of bricks, or formed of bricks.
BRiDAL, a. Belonging to a bride, or to a wedding ; nup-
tial ; connubial.
BRi'DAL, n. The nuptial festival. Dryden.
\ BRi-DAL'I-TY, n. Celebration of the nuptial feast.
BRIDE, 71. [Sax. bryd.^ 1. A woman new married. 2. A
woman espoused, or contracted to be married.
f BRIDE, V. t. To make a wife of-, to marry.
BRiDE'BED, n. The marriage bed. Prior.
BRiDE'CAKE, n. The cake which is made for the guests
at a wedding ; called, in the United States, wedding cake.
BRiDE'CHaM-BER, n. The nuptial apartment,
BRIDE'GROOM, n. [Originally and properly, bndegoom,
from the Sax. brydguma, a brideman ; Dan. brudgom ;
Sw. brudgumnie.] A man newly married ; or a man about
to be married,
BRIDE'MAID, n. A woman who attends on a bride at her
wedding.
BRTDE'MAN, n. A man who atten-ds upon a bridegroom
and bride at their marriage. Often pronounced bride^s
man and bride^s maid.
BRiDE'STAKE, n. A stake or post set in the ground to dance
round. B. Jonson.
BRiDE'WELL, 7i. A house of correction, for the confine-
ment of disorderly persons ; so called from the palace built
near St. Bridp.^s or Bridget's well, in London, which was
turned into a workhouse,
BRID6E, (bridj) n. [Sax, brie, bricg, brigg.l I. Any struc-
ture of wood, stone, brick, or iron, raised over a river,
pond, or lake, for the passage of men and other animals.
2. The upper part of the nose. 3. The part of a stringed
instrument of music, over which the strings are stretched.
— 4. In gunnery, the two pieces of timber which go be-
tween the two transums of a gun-carriage.
BRIDGE, v.t. 1. To build a bridge or bridges over. 2. To
erect bridges on ; to make a passage by abridge or bridges,
BRIDGED, pp. Covered or furnished with a brrdge.
BRIDG'ING, p/)r. Erecting a bridge ; building a bridge over,
tBRIDG'Y, a. Full of bridges, Sherwood.
BRi'DLE, n. [Sax. bridl, or bridel.] 1, The instrument with
A^hich a horse is governed and restrained by a rider, 2, A
restraint ; a curb ; a check, 3, A short piece of cable
well served, attached to a swivel on a chain, laid in a
harbor, and the upper end drawn into a ship and secured
to the bitts,
BRi'DLE, v. t. 1. To put on a bridle. 2. To restrain, guide
or govern ; to check, curb or control.
BRi'DLE, v. i. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin.
BRi'DLED, pp. Having a bridle on ; restrained.
BRI'DLE-HAND, n. The hand which holds the bridle in
riding- Sidney.
BRi'DLER, 71. One that bridles ; one that restrains and
governs
BRi'DLING, ppr. 1. Putting on a bridle ; restraining ; curb-
ing. 2. Holding up the head, and drawing in the chin.
BRIeF, a. [Fr. bref j L. brevis.] Short ; concise ; it is used
chiefly of language, discourses, writings and time.
BRIeF, n. ]. An epitome ; a short or concise writing. In
modern times, an apostolical brief is a letter which the
pope dispatches to a prince, or other magistrate, relating to
public affairs. — 2, In law, an abridgment of a client's
case, made out for the instruction of council on a trial at
law. Also, a writ, summoning a man to answer to any
action, 3, A letter patent, from proper authority, author-
izing a public collection or charitable contribution of money
for any public or private purpose, JSTew England. 4, A
writing in general,
BRIeF'LY, adv. Concisely ; in few words,
BRIeF'NESS, n. Shortness ; conciseness in discourse or
vvriting.
BRi'ER, 7(. [Sax, brar ; Ir, b?-iar.] 1, In a general sense, a
prickly plant or shrub, — 2. In a limited sense, the sweet-
. brier and the wild-brier, species of the rose,
BRi'ER-Y, a. Full of briers ; rough ; thorny,
BRi'ER-Y, n. A place where briers grow, Huloet.
BRIG, the termination of names, signifies a bridge, or per-
haps, in some cases, a town, or burg.
BRIG, 71, [from brigantine.] A vessel with two masts,
square rigged, or rigged nearly like a ship's mainmast and
foremast,
BRI-GaDE', 71. [Fr,J A party or division of troops, orsoldiers,
whether cavalry or infantry, regular or militia, command-
ed by a brigadier,
BRI-GaDE', v. t. To form into a brigade, or into brigades,
BRI-GaDE'-Ma-JOR, 7!, An officer appointed by the briga-
dier, to assist him in the management and ordering of his
brigade,
BRIG-A-DIeR',7?, [Fr,] The general officer who commands
a brigade, whether of horse or foot, and in rank next be-
low a major-general,
BRIG'AND, 71, [Fr,] A robber ; a freebooter ; a lawless
fellow, who lives by plunder,
ERIG'AND-AGE, n. Theft ; robbery ; plunder,
BRIG'AN-DlNE, n. Anciently, a coat of mail,
BRIG'AN-TINE, n. [Fr, brigantln.] See Brig.
BRIGHT, (brite) a. [Sax. beorht, briht byrkt, or bryht.j
1. Shining ; lucid ; luminous j splendia 2. Clear • t>-ans-
parent, as liquors. 3. Evident ; clear ; manifest to the
mind, as light is to the eyes, 4, Resplendant with
charms, 5, Illuminated Avith science ; sparkling with
wit, 6. Illustrious ; glorious. — 7, In popular language,
ingenious ; possessing an active mind. 8. Promising good
or success, 9, Sparkling ; animated,
BRIGHT'-BURN-ING, a. Burning with a bright flame,
BRTGHT'EN, (bri'tn) v.t. 1. To make bright or brighter ,
to make to shine ; to increase lustre, 2, To make lumi-
nous by light from without, or by dispelling gloom, 3, To
cheer ; to make gay or cheerful, 4. To make illustrious,
or more distinguished, 5, To make acute or witty,
BRiGHT'EN, (bri'tn) v. i. 1. To grow bright, or more
bright ; to clear up. 2, To become less dark or gloomy,
BRiGHT'-EYED, (brite'ide) a. Having bright eyes.
BRiGHT'-HaIRED, a. Having bright hair.
BRiGHT'-IIaR-NESSED, a. Having glittering armor.
BRTGHT'LY, (brite'ly) adv. Splendidly ; with lustre.
BRIGHTNESS, (brite'-nes) 7?. 1. Splendor ; lustre; glit-
ter. 2. Acuteness, applied to the faculties ; sharpness
of wit.
BRiGHT'-SHiN-ING, a. Shining with splendor.
t BRI-GOSE , a. Contentious, Puller.
BR'IGUE, (breeg) n. [Fr, brigue.l A cabal ; intrigue ; fac-
tion ; contention, [Little used.] Chesterfield.
BR'iGUE, (breeg) v. i. To canvass ; to solicit, [Little used.]
BRILL'IAN-CY, 71, Splendor ; glitter ; great brightness,
BRILL'IANT, a. [Fr, brillant.] 1, Sparkling with lustre ;
glittering, 2, Splendid ; shining ; as, a brilliant achieve-
ment,
BRILL'IANT, n. 1. A diamond of the finest cut, formed into
angles, so as to refract the light, by which it is rendered
more glittering. 2. In the manege, a brisk, high-spirited
horse, with a stately carriage,
BRILL'IANT-LY, adu. Splendidly, Warton.
BRILL'IANT-NESS, n. Brilliancy ; splendor ; glitter.
BRILLS, n. The haii on the eyelids of a horse.
BRIM, 71, [Sax, brymm.] I, The rim, lip, or broad border of
any vessel or other thing, 2. The upper edge of a vessel,
whether broad or not, 3, The top of any liquor ; the
See Synop.-'ls. A, E, I, O, U, 7, long.— FaR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
BRl
107
BRO
edge or that next the border at the top. 4. The edge or
brink of a fountain ; the verge.
f BRIM, a. [Sax. bryme.] Public; well known 5 celebrated.
BRIM, V. t. To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top.
BRIM, V. i. To be full to the brim. Philips.
BRIM'FUL, a. Full to the top ; completely full ; as, a glass
brimful.
t BRIM'FUL-NESS, n. Fullness to the top. Shak.
BRIM'LES'S, a. Having no brim. Addison.
BRIM'MER, n. A bowl full to the top. Dryden.
BRIM'MING, a. Full to the top or brim. Dryden.
BRIM'STONE, n. [Sax. bryne, and stone, burn-stone.] Sul-
phur ; a hard, brittle, inflammable substance, of a lemon-
yellow color.
BRIM STO-NY, a. Full of brimstone, or containing it 5 re-
sembling brimstone 5 sulphurous.
BRIND'ED, a [It. brinato.] Marked with spots ; tabby ;
having different colors. Milton.
BRIN'DLE, n. The state of being brinded ; spottedness.
Richardson.
BRINDLED, a. Spotted ; variegated with spots of different
colors. Addison.
BRINE, n. [Sax. bryne.] 1. Water saturated or strongly im-
pregnated with salt. 2. The ocean or sea. 3. Tears, so
called from thair saltness.
BRINE, V. t To steep in brine, as corn to prevent smut ;
also, to mix salt with. Encyc.
BRiNE'-PAN, n. A pit of salt water, where, by the action
of the sun, salt is formed by crystalization.
BRiNE'-PIT, 71. A brine-pan, or a salt spring from which
water is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making
salt.
BRiNE'-SPRING, n. A spring of salt water.
BRING, V. t. pret. and pp. brought. [Sax. bringan.] I. To
fetch ; to bear, convey or lead from a distant to a nearer
place, or to a person. 2. To produce ; to procure as a
cause ; to draw to. 3. To attract or draw along. 4. To
cause to come. 5. To cause to come to a point, by moral
influence. The primary sense is, to lead, draw, or cause
to come ; the sense of conveying or bearing is secondary.
Its use is extensive, and, in general, it implies motion
from a place remote, either in a literal or figurative sense.
To bring back is to recall, implying previous departure,
either in a literal or figurative sense. — To bring about, to
bring to pass ; to effect •, to accomplish ; to bring to the
desired issue. — To bring forth is to produce, as young or
fruit ; also, to bring to light ; that is, to make manifest ;
to disclose. — To bring forward, to cause to advance; to
produce to view. — To bring in, to import ; to introduce ;
to place in a particular condition ; to collect things dis-
persed ; to reduce ; to produce, as income, rent or reve-
nue ; to induce to join, &:c. — To h-ing off, to bear or
convey from a distant place ; also, to procure to be ac-
quitted ; to clear from condemnation ; to cause to escape,
— To bring on, to cause to begin ; as, to bring on an action ;
also, to originate or cause to exist ; also, to bear or convey
from a distance ; also, to -it'^nd, or to aid in advancing.
— To bring over, to bear acc.jss ; also, to convert ; to draw
to a new party ; to cause to change sides, or an opinion.
— To bring out, to expose ; to detect ; to bring to light
from concealment. — To bring under, to subdue ; to re-
press ; to restrain ; to reduce to obedience ; also, to bring
beneath any thing. — To bring up, to nurse ; to educate ;
to instruct ; to feed and clothe ; to introduce to practice ;
to cause to advance near ; to bear or convey upwards. —
In navigation, to cast anchor. — To bring down, to cause to
come down ; also, to humble or abase. — To bHng to, in
navigation, to check the course of a ship, by an-anging the
^ttils in such a manner, that they shall counteract each
other, and keep her nearly stationary.
BRING'ER, n. One who brings, or conveys to. — Bringer
in, the person who introduces. — Bringer up, an instruc-
tor ; one who feeds, clothes, and educates ; also, one who
is in the rear of an army.
BRING'ING, ppr. Bearing to ; conveying ; persuading ;
causing to come.
BRING'ING FORTH, n. Production. Shak.
BRi'NISH, a. Like brine ; salt ; somewhat salt ; saltish.
BRi'NISH-NESS, n. Saltness ; the quality of being saltish.
BRINK, n. [Dan. Sw. brink.] The edge, margin or border
of a steep place, as of a precipice.
BRi'NY, (bri'ne) a. Pertaining to brine, or to the sea ; par-
taking of the nature of brine ; salt.
BRI'O-NY. See Bryony.
BRISK, a. [W. brysg.] 1. Lively ; active ; nimble ; gay ;
sprightly ; vivacious. 2. Full of spirit or life ; efferves-
cing, as liquors. 3. Lively ; burning freely ; as, a brisk
lire. 4. Vivid ; bright ; [jiot used.]
t BRISK, V. t. To make brisk.
BRISK UP, v.t. To make lively ; to enliven ; to animate.
BRISK UP, V. i. To come up with life and speed ; to take
an erect, or bold attitude.
BRISK ET, n. [qu. Fr. brechet.] The breast of an animal ;
or that part of the breast that lies next to the ribs.
BRISK'LY, adv. Actively ; vigorously ; with life and
spirit.
BRISK'NESS, n. Liveliness ; vigor in action : quickness
gayety ; vivacity ; effervescence ofjliquors.
BRIS'TLE, (bris'sl) n. [Sax. bristl.! 1. The stiff, glossy
hair of swine, especially that growing on the back, used
for making brushes ; similar hair on other animals. 2. A
species of pubescence on plants in form of stiff, roundish
hair.
BRIS'TLE, v.t. 1. To erect in bristles ; to erect in defiance
or anger, like a swine. Shak. 2. To fix a bristle.
BRIS'TLE, V. i. 1. To rise or stand erect. 2. To raise the
head and strut, as in anger or def ance. In this sense the
word is common in the United iitates, but generally pro-
nounced brustle.
BRIS'TLE-LIKE, a. Stiff as a bristle.
BRIS'TLE-SHaPED, a. Of the thickness and length of d
bristle. Marty n.
BRIS'TLY, (bris'ly) a. Thick-set with bristles, or witt
hairs like bristles ; rough. Bacon.
BRIS'TOL-FLOW-ER, n. A species of lychnis.
BRISTOL-STONE, n. Rock crystal.
BRIS'TOL-WA-TER, n. The water of a warm spring, near
the city of Bristol in England.
BRIT, 71. A fish ; probably a diff'erent orthography of bret,
or hurt. Carcw.
BRI-TAN'N1€, a. Pertaining to Britain ; or, in its present
use to Great Britain.
BREECH, n. [G. britsche.] The large end of a cannon, or of
a musket, or other fire arm.
BREECH, v.t. To fasten with breeching.
BREECH'ING, n. A strong rope, fastened to the cascabel c:
pummelion of a cannon.
BRITE, or BRIGHT, v. i. To be or become over-ripe, as
wheat, barley or hops.
BRIT'ISH, a. Pertaining to Great Britain or its inhabitants
It is sometimes applied to the language of the Welsh.
BRIT'ON, n. A native of Britain.
BRITON, a. British. Spenser.
BRIT'TLE, a. [Sax. brittan.] Easily broken, or easily
breaking short, without splinters, or loose parts, rent from
the substance ; fragile ; not tough or tenacious.
BRIT'TLE-LY, adv. In a brittle manner.
BRIT'TLE-NESS, n. Aptness to break ; fragility ; opposed
to toughness and tenacity.
BRIZE, n. The gad fly. See Breeze.
BRoACH, n. [Fr. broche.] 1. A spit, and, in some parts of
the English dominions, an awl, and a bodkin. 2. A mu-
sical instrument. 3. A clasp or small utensil to fasten a
vest. [See Brooch.J 4. A start of the head of a young
stag.
BRoACH, V. t. [W. prociaw,] 1. To spit ; to pierce, as with
a spit. 2. To tap ; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw
the liquor ; hence, to let out. 3. To open, as a stoi-e ;
[unusual.] 4. To utter ; to give out ; to publish first •
to make public what was before unknown. — To broach
tOj in navigation, to incline suddenly to windward.
BROACHED, pp. Spitted ; tapped ; opened ; uttered ; first
published.
BRoACH'ER, n. A spit ; one who broaches, opens, or ut-
ters ; a first publisher. Dryden.
BROAD, (brawd) a. [Sax. brad.] 1. Wide ; extended in
breadth, or from side to side. 2. Wide ; extensive ;
vast. 3. Large. 4. Open ; clear ; not covered, confined
or concealed. 5. Gross ; coarse. 6. Plain ; tending to
obscenity.. 7. Bold ; not delicate ; not reserved. 8. Com-
prehensive. — Broad as long, equal upon the whole.
L^Estrajige.
BROAD-AX, (brawd'ax) n. Formerly, a military weapon
In modern usage, an axe for hewing timber.
BROAD- BACKED, a. Having a broad back.
BROAD-BLoWN, a. Full blown. Shak.
BROAD-BREAST-ED, a. Having a broad breast.
BROAD-BRIMMED, a. Having a broad brim.
BROAD-CAST, 71. Among farmers, a casting or throwing
seed from the hand for dispersion in sowing.
BROAD-CAST, adv. By scattering or throwing at large
from the hand.
BROAD-CAST, a. Cast or dispersed upon the ground with
the' "hand, as seed in sov/ing ; opposed to planting in hills
or rows.
BROAD-CLOTH, n. A species of woolen cloth, so called
from its breadth.
BROAD'ENj (brawd'dn) v. i. To grow broad. [Unusual.]
BROAD'-EyED, a. Having a wide view or survey. Shak.
BR0AD'-FR6NT-ED, a. Having a broad front.
BROAD-HORNED, a. Havmg large horns.
BROAD'ISH, a. Rather broad. Russel.
BR0AD'-LI;AVED, or BROAD'-LEAFED, a. Having Iroad
leaves.
BROAD'LY, adv. In a broad manner.
BROAD'NESS, n. Breadth ; extent from side to side •
coarseness ; grossness ; fulsomeness.
BROAD'-PIeCE, 72. A piece of gold coin.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTILL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH TH i
iin this t Obsolete,
BRO
108
BRO
UROAD-SeAL. 71. The great seal of England ; as a verb,
notused.
BROAD'-SHoUL-DERED, a. Broad across the shoulders.
Spectator.
BROAD'-SIDE, n. 1. A discharge of all the guns on one
side of a siiip, above and below, at the same time. 2.
The side of a ship, above the water, from the bow to the
quarter. — 3. In printing, a sheet of paper containing one
large page, or printed on one side only.
nROAD'-SPREx\D-ING, a. Spreading widely. Shak.
BROAD'-SWoRD, (brawd'sord) n. A sword with a broad
blade, and a cutting edge. Ash.
BROAD'-TAILED, a. Having a broad tail. Sandys.
BROAD'-WISE, ado. In the direction of the breadth.
BI10-€aDE, ?t. [Sp. firocado.] Silk stuff, variegated with
gold and silver , or raised and enriched with flowers, foli-
age, and other ornaments.
BRO-€aD'ED, ffl 1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with
gold and silver. 2. Dressed in brocade.
BE.O-€aDE'-SHELL, n. The trivial name of the conus geo-
graphicus.
BRo'€AGE, n. 1. The premium or commission of a broker.
2 The hire given for any unlawful office. 3. The trade
of a broker ; a dealing in old things. 4. The business of
a broker. 5. The act of pimping. Ash.
BRo'€A-TEL, ) n. [Sp. brocatel.] 1. A calcarious
8Ro-€ A-TEL'LO, \ stone. 2 A kind of coarse brocade,
used chiefly for tapestry.
BROe'€0-LI, n. [It. broccolo.] A variety of cabbage, or
brjissica.
BRoCHE. The true, but not the common, orthography of
broach.
RROCK, n. [Sax. broc] A badger.
i;R.O€K'ET, n. A red deer two years old. Bailey writes
tills brock or brocket. The French write it brocard.
BRoDE'KIN, 71. [Fi. brodequin.] A buskin or half boot,
r BROG'GLE, v. i. To fish for eels.
BRoGUE, (brog) n. [Ir. brog.^ 1. A shoe. 2. A cant word
for a corrupt dialect or manner of pronunciation. 3.
Jjrogues is used by Shenstone for breeches, from the Irish
brog.
BRoGUE'-Ma-KER, 71. A maker of brogues.
f BROID, V. t. To braid. See Braid.
BROID'ER, V. t. [Fr. broder.] To adorn with figures of
needle-work.
BROID'ER-ER, n. One that embroiders.
BROID'ER-Y, n. Embroidery ; ornamental needle-work
wrought upon cloth. Ticket. See Embroider.
yROIL, 71. [Fr. brovillerie.] A tumult ; a noisy quarrel ;
contention ; discord, either between individuals or in the
state.
BROIL, V. t. [Fr. brouiller.] To agitate with heat ; to
dress or cook over coals, or before the fire.
BROIL, V. i. To be subjected to the action of heat, like
meat over the fire ; to be greatly heated, or to sweat with
heat.
BROILED, pp. Agitated or dressed by heat.
BROIL'ER, n. One that excites broils ; that which dresses
by broiling.
BROIL'ING, ppr. Agitating by heat ; sweating.
BROKE, V. i. [Sax. bracaji.] To transact business for
another in trade.
BROKE, pret. and^^p. of break.
BRo'KEN, (bro'kn) pp. of break. Parted by violence ; rent
asunder ; infirm ; made bankrupt.
BRO'KEN-BA€KED, a. A broken-backed ship is one which
is so weakened in her frame as to droop at each end.
BRO'KEN-BEL-LIED," a. Having a ruptured belly.
BRO'KEN-HEXRT-ED, a. Having the spirits depressed or
crushed by grief or despair.
BRo'KEN-LY, adv. In a broken, interrupted manner ;
without a regular series. Hakeicill.
BRO'KEN-MEAT, n. Fragments. Swift.
BRO'KEN-NESS, n. 1. A state of being broken ; uneven-
ness. 2. Contrition.
BRo'KEN-WIND, ?i. A disease in horses, which disables
them from bearing fatigue.
BRo'KEN-WIND'ED, a. Having short breath, as a horse.
^Ro'KER, 71. 1 . An agent or negotiator, who is employed
by merchants to transact business. 2. One who deals in
old household goods. 3. A pimp or procurer. Shak.
BRo'KER-A(jE, n. The fee, reward or commission given
or charged for transacting business as a broker.
BRaKER-LY, a. Mean ; servile. Jonson.
t BR6'KER-Y, 71. The business of a broker. Hall.
BRoK ING, ppr. Transacting business as a broker ; prac-
ticed by brokers. Shak.
BROME, 71. [Gr. (if)(i)pos.] A .iquid cf a deep red-brown
color, very volatile.
BRoME'-GRASS, 7i. A plant, the bromus.
BRON€Ha-AL, a. [Gr. ^lioyxoi-] Belonging to the bron-
chia, or ramifications of the wind-pipe in the lungs.
BR0N€H'I€, a. The same as bronchial.
BRON'GHO-CeLE, n. [Gr. jSpoy^off and KriXr).] An en-
larged thyroid gland ; a tumor on the fore part of the neck,
called goiter ; the Derbyshire neck.
BR0N-€H0T'0-MY, 11. [Gr. |8f3oy%of and tojU)?.] An incia-
ion into the windpipe or lanjnz, between the rings ; call-
ed, also, tracheotomy .
BROND, 71. A sword. See Brand.
BRON-TOL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. (i^ovrn and Xoyog.] A discourse
or dissertation upon thunder.
* BRONZ, ) n. [Fr. bronze.] 1. A compound of copper
* BRONZE, \ and tin, to which other metallic substances
are sometimes added, especially zink. 2. A color pre-
pared for the purpose of imitating bronze. — 3. Among an-
tiquaries, any figure of men, beasts, urns, or other piece
of sculpture, which the ancients made of bronze. 4. Any
statue or bust cast of bronze. — 5. Among medalists, any
copper medal.
* BRONZE, V. t. 1. To imitate bronze, by means of copper-
dust or leaf. 2. To color like bronze. 3. To harden.
* BRONZ'ING, ppr. Imitating bronze.
* BRONZ'ING, n. The act or art of imitating bronze, by
means of copper-dust or leaf.
BRONZ'ITE, 71. A mineral.
*BRoOCH, (broche) n. [Slav, obrutsh.] 1. An ornamertal
utensil for fastening the vest, or the bosom of a shirt. 2.
A jewel. — 3. With painters, a painting all of one color.
BRoOCH, v.t. To adorn or furnish with brooches or jew-
els. Shak.
BROOD, v.i. [Sax. brod.] 1. To sit on and cover, as a
fowl on her eggs. 2. To sit on ; to spread over, as with
wings. 3. To remain a long time in anxiety or solicitous
thought. 4. To mature any thing with care.
BROOD, V. t. 1. To sit over, cover, and cherish. 2. To
cherish.
BROOD, n. [Sax. brod.] 1. Offspring ; progeny. 2. A
hatch ; the young birds hatched at once. 3. That which is
bred ; species generated ; that which is produced. 4. The
actof covering the eggs, or of brooding. [Unusual.] Shak.
BROOD'ED, pp. Covered with the wings ; cherished.
BROOD'ING, ppr. Sitting on ; covering and warming ;
dwelling on with anxiety.
BROOD'Y, a. In a state of sitting on eggs for hatching ,
inclined to sit. [Unusual.] Ray.
BROOK, ?(. [Sax. broc, or brooc] A small natural stream of
water, or a current flowing from a spring or fountain less
than a river.
BROOK, V. t. [Sax. brucan.] Literally, to chew or digest.
To bear 5 to endure ; to support. Dryden.
t BROOK, V. i. To endure. Sidney.
BROOK'-LIME, 77. A plant.
BROOK'-MINT, n. The water mint.
BROOK'-WEED, n. A plant, water pimpernel.
BROOK' Y, a. Abounding with brooks. Dyer.
BROOM, n. [Sax. brum.] 1. A plant of several species,
called dyer's -weed. 2. A besom, or brush with a long
handle, for sw'eeping floors.
BROOM. See Bream.
BROOM CORN, 7i. A species of holcus, or Guinea-corn,
bearing a head, of which brooms are made.
BROOM'ING a s/tij). See Bream.
BROOM'LAND, 71. Land producing broom.
BROOM'RAPE, n. A plant, orobanche.
BROOmIth?!? ' ! "• ^^^ staff or handle of a broom. Swift
BROOM'Y, a. Full of broom ; containing broom.
BRoItEN H- ^"^°*- Craven dialect.
BROTH, 71.' [Sax. broth.] 1. Liquor in which flesh is boiled
and macerated. 2. In j3 /Merica, the word is often applied
to foaming water.
BROTH'EL, 7). [Fr.bordel.] A house of lewdness 5 a house
appropriated to the purposes of prostitution ; a bawdy-
house ; a stew.
BROTH'EL-ER, n. One that frequents brothels.
BROTH'EL-HOUSE, n. A brothel.
BROTH'EL-RY, n. Lewdness ; obscenity.
BRoTH'ER, 71. ; plu. Brothers, or Brethren. [Goth.
brothar ; Sax. brother, — The common plural is brothers ,■ in
the solemn style, brethren is used.] 1. A human male,
born of the same father and mother. 2. Any one closely
united. 3. One that resembles another in manners.— In
Scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by
blood more remote than a son of the same parents. Per-
sons of the same profession call each other brother. — In a
7rtore general sense, brother, or brethren, is used for man in
general. — Brother-german is a brother by the father's and
mother's side, in contradistinction to a uterine brotherj
or one by the mother only.
BRoTH'ER-HOOD, 77. 1. The state or quality of being a
brother. 2. An association of men for any purpose, as a
society of monks ; a fraternity. 3. A class of men of the
same kind, profession, or occupation.
BRoTH'ER-LESS, a. Without a brother Shak.
* See Synopsis
E, T, O, C, Y, long.—YA^, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BtRD ;-
f Obsolete.
BRU
109
BUG
BRoTH'ER-LIKE, a. Becoming a brother. Shak
BRoTH'ER-LoVE, 71. Brotherly affection. F'hak.
BR6TH'ER-LY, a. Pertaining to brothers ; such as is nat-
ural for brothers ; becoming brothers ; kind ; affectionate.
Shakspeare uses this word as an adverb. " I speak but
brotherly.'^
BROUGHT, (brawt) pret. and pp. of bring. See Bring.
BROW, n. [Sax. brcBw, bruwa.] 1. The prominent ridge
over the eye, forming an arch above the orbit. — To knit
the brows, is to frown. 2. The hair that covers the brow,
forming an arch, called the eye-brow. 3. The forehead.
Hence, the general air of the countenance. 4. The edge
of a steep place, as the brink of a river or precipice. 5. A
fringe of coppice, adjoining to the hedge of a field.
BROW, V. t. To bound ; to limit. Milton.
BROW'-ANT-LER, n. 1. The first start that growg on a
deer's head. 2. The branch of a deer's born next the
tail,
BROW'-BeAT, v. t. To depress or bear down with haughty,
stern looks, or with arrogant Speech and dogmatic asser-
tions
BROW'BeAT-EN, (brow'be-tn) pp. Overborne by impu-
dence.
BROW'BeAT-ING, ppr. Overbearing with severe brows,
stern looks, or positive assertions.
BROW'BeAT-ING, n. A bearing down with stem looks,
supercilious manners, or confident assertions.
BROW'BOUND, a. Crowned ; having the head encircled
as with a diadem. Shak.
BROW'LESS, a. Without shame. Addison.
BROW'-PoST, n. Among builders, a beam that goes across
a building. Encyc.
tBROW'-SI€K, a. Dejected ; hanging the head.
BROWN, a. [Sax. brun.] Dusky ; of a dark or dusky color,
inclining to redness ; but the shades are various. Brown
results from a mixture of red, black, and yellow.
BROWN, V. t. To make brown or dusky. Barlow.
BROWN'-BILL, n. A weapon formerly used by the English
foot-soldiers.
BROWNIE, n. A spirit, foolishly supposed to haunt old
houses in Scotland.
BROWN'ISH, a. Somewhat brown.
BROWN'ISM, 71. The doctrines or religious creed of the
Brown is ts.
BROWN'IST, 71. A follower of Robert Brown.
BROWN'NESS, n. A brown color- Sidney.
BROWN-SPAR, 71. Pearl spar, or sidero-calcite.
BROWN'-STUD-Y, n. Gloomy study ; dull thoughtfulness,
BROWN'-WoRT, 71. 1. A plant, prunella. 2. A species
of scrophularia, the vernalis.
t BROWN'Y, a. Brown. Shak.
BROWSE, V. t. [Gr. jSpwo-zcw.] To eat the ends of branches
of trees and shrubs, or the young shoots.
BROWSE', V. i. To feed on the tender branches or shoots
of shrubs and trees, as cattle.
BROWSE, (brows) n. The tender branches or twigs of trees
and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals.
BROWS'ING, ppr. Feeding on branches, shrubs, or shoots
of trees.
BRu'CIA, ) 71. A vegetable alkali, extracted from the
BRu'CINE, \ bark of the false angustura.
BRu'CIliiJ, ?!.. A mineral, the chondrodite o/Berzelius.
BRuISE, V. t. [Sax. brysan.] To crush by beating or
pounding with an instrument not edged or pointed.
BRuISE, n. A contusion ; a hurt upon the flesh of animals,
upon plants or other bodies, with a blunt or heavy instni-
ment.
BRUISED, pp. Crushed ; hurt or broken by a blunt or
heavy instrument.
BRuIS'ER, 71. 1. A concave too! for grinding the specula
of telescopes. — 2. In vulgar language, a boxer.
BRUlSE'WoRT, n. A plant, comfrey.
BRuIS'ING, ppr. Crushing ; breaking or wounding by a
blunt or heavy instrument.
BRuIS'ING, n. In popular language, a beating or boxing.
t BRuIT, 71. [Fr.] Report ; rumor ; fame.
fBRuIT, V. t. To report ; to noise abroad.
BRu'MAL, 71. [L. bruma.'] Belonging to the winter. Brown.
BRUME, 71. [Fr. brume.] Mist; fog; vapors. [Little used.]
Barlow.
t BRUN, or BURN, n. A river or stream.
KRU-NETTE', ) n. [Fr.l A woman with a brown or dark
BRU-NET', \ complexion.
BRUN'ION, 71. [Fr. brugnon.] A sort of fruit between a
plum and a peach.
BRUNT, n [Dan. brynde, and brunst.] 1. The heat, or
utmost violence of an onset ; the strength or violence of
any contention. 2. The force of a blow ; violence ; shock
of any kind. 3. A sudden effort.
BRUSH, /J. [Fr. brosse.] 1. An instrument for cleaning any
thing of dust and dirt by light rubbing. 2. The larger
pencils used by painters. 3. Branches of trees lopped off ;
brushwood ; a sense common in the United States. 4. The
small trees and shrubs of a wood ; or a thicket of small
trees. Encyc. 5. A skirmish ; a slight encounter ; also,
an assault ; a shock, or rude treajSiient, from collision. 6.
In electricity, the luminous appeaiance of electric matter.
7. A tail.
BRUSH, V. t. 1. To sweep or rub with a brush. 2. To
strike, as with a brush : to strike lighily, by passing over
the surface, without injury or impression. 3. 'I'o paint
witli a brush. 4. With off, to remove by brusliing. 5
To move as a brush ; to pass over with a light contact.
BRUSH, V. i. 1. To move nimbly in haste ; to move so
lightly as scarcely to be perceived. 2. To move or skim
over, with a slight contact, or without much impression
BRUSHED, pp. Rubbed with a brush ; struck lightly.
BRUSH'ER, 71. One who brushes.
BRUSH'ET. See Busket.
BRUSH'ING, ppr Sweeping or rubbing with a brush ,
striking gently ; moving nunbly in haste ; skinmiing over
lightly.
BRUSH'ING, a. Brisk ; light. Encyc.
BRUSH'LIKE, a. Resembling a brush, .^siat Res.
BRUSH'WgOD, 71. Brush ; a thicket or coppice of small
trees and slirubs ; also, branches of trees cut off. Drydcn
BRUSH'Y, a. Resembling a brush ; rough ; shaggy ; having
long hair. Boyle.
BRUSK, a. [Fr. brusque.] Rude ; rough. Wotton.
BRUS'TLE, (brus'sl) v. i. [Sax. brastlian.] To crackle ; to
make a small crackling noise ; to rustle, as a silk garment ;
to vapor, PlS a bully.
BRUS'TLING, ppr. Crackling; rustling.; vaporing.
jBRUT, «.i. [Vx.brouter.] To Drowse. Evelyn.
BRu'TAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a brute. 2 S'\age ; cruel ,
inhuman ; brutish ; unfeeling, like a brute , .merciless.
BRU-TAL'I-TY, n. Inhumanity ; savageness , churlish-
ness ; insensibility to pity or shame.
BRu'TAL-iZE, V. t. To make brutal, churlish, or inhuman.
BRU'TAL-iZE, v. i. To become brutal, inhuman, or coai-se
and beastly. Addison.
BRu'TAL-LY, adv. Cruelly ; inhumanly ; in a coarse,
churlish, or brutal manner. Arbuthnot.
BRUTE, a. [Fr. brut.] 1. Senseless ; unconscious. 2. Ir-
rational ; ferine. 3. Bestial ; in common with beasts.
4. P.ough ; uncivilized ; insensible.
BRUTE, n. 1. A beast ; any animal destitute of reason
2. A brutal person ; a savage in hea; t or manners ; a low-
bred, unfeeling man.
t BRUTE, V. t. fSr bruit, to report.
BRuTE'LY, adv. In a rude manner. Milton.
t BRuTE'NESS, 71. Brutality. Spenser.
BRu'TI-Fy, V. t. To make a person a brute , to make
senseless, stupid, or unfeeling. Congreve.
BRu'TISH, a. 1. Like a brute or beast. 2. Insensible ;
stupid. 3. Unfeeling ; savage ; ferocious ; brutal. 4.
Gross ; carnal ; bestial. 5. Ignorant ; uncivilized ; un-
taught.
BRu'TISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a brute ; grossly ;
irrationally ; stupidly ; savagely.
BRu'TISH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; insensibility ; brutality ;
savageness ; the qualities of a brute.
BRu'TlSM, 71. The nature and characteristic qualities of a
•brute.
tBRUT'TING, 71. Browsing.
BRY'O-NY, 7i.'[L bryonia.] White jalap; a genus of plants
of several species. — Black bryony is a genus of plants,
called tamus.
BUB, n. A cant word for strong malt liquor. Prior.
t BUB, V. t. To throw out in bubbles. Sackville.
BUB'BLE, 7?, [D. bobbel.] 1 A small bladder or vesicle of
water or other fluid, inflated with air. 2. Any thing that
wants firmness or solidity ; a vain project ; a fraud. 3.
A person deceived.
BUB'BLE, v. i. 1. To rise in bubbles, as liquors when boil-
ing or agitated. 2. To run with a gurgling noise.
BUB'BLE, v. t. To cheat ; to deceive or impose on.
BUB'BLER, 71. One who cheats. Digby.
EUB'BY, n. A woman's breast. Arbuthnot.
BtJ'BO, n. [Gr. ^ov(3(ov ; L. bubo.] A tumor or abscess
with inflammation, which rises in certain glandular parts
of the body, as in the groin, or armpit.
BU-BON'O-CeLE, 77. [Gr. i8oi;/?a)vand a:»;>j?.] Hernia in-
guinalis, or inguinal rupture.
t Bu'BU-KLE, n. A red pimple. Shak.
BU-BUL'CA, 77. A flat fresh-water fish.
BUC-A-NEER', ) n. [Fr. boucaner.] Primarily, a bucaneer
BU€-A-NIeR', \ is said to be one who dries and smokes
flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians. The name
was first given to the French settlers in Halt? or Hispan-
iola, whose business was to hunt wild cattle and swine.
It was afterwards applied to the piratical adventurers,
English and French, who combined to make depredations
on the Spaniards in America.
BU-€A'0, 71. A species of owl, in the Philippine isles.
BUCCAL, a. [L. bucca.] Pertainins to the cheek.
BUe-CEL-I.A'TION, n. [L. buccella, buccea.] The act of
breaking into large pieces.
• See Synopsis MOVE BOQK, DoVE ;— BIJLL. UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete.
BUD
110
BUI
BU€'CI-NITfi, n. Fossil remains or petrifactions of the
shells called buccinum.
BU-CENT'AUR, n The state barge of Venice.
BU-CEPH'A-LUS, n An animal of the gazelle tribe.
BU'CE-ROS, n. The hornbill, or Indian raven.
BUeH'OL-ZITE, n. A mineral.
BU€K, n. [G. bauche, beuche.] 1. Lye in which clothes
are soaked in the operation of bleaching ; the liquor in
which clothes are washed. 2. The cloth or clothes soaked
or washed in lye.
BUCK, V. t. [G. beuchen.} To soak or steep in lye, a pro-
cess in bleaching ; to wash or steep in lye or suds.
BU€K, n. [Sajc. buc, bucca.] The male of the fallow deer,
of the goat, the sheep, the rabbit and hare.
BU€K, V. i. To copulate as bucks and does.
BU€K '-BASKET, n. A basket in which clothes are carried
to the wash. Shak.
BQ€K'BeAN, n. This is properly bogbean.
BU€KED, pp. Soaked in lye. ^sh.
BU€K'ET, n. [Sax. buc] The vessel in which water is
drawn or earned.
BU€K'ING, ppr. Soaking in lye, in the process of bleach-
ing ; washing.
BCJ€K'ING, n. TJtie act or process of soaking cloth in lye for
bleaching ; also, the lye or liquor ; a washing.
BU€K'1NG-ST00L, n A washing block.
BU€'KLE, n. [Ft. boucle.] 1. An instrument made of some
kind of metal, for fastening togetlier certain parts of dress,
as the straps of shoes. 2. A curl, or a state of being curled
or crisped, as hair. 3. In coats of arms, a token of the
surety, faith and service of the bearer.
BUe'KLE, V. t. 1. To fasten with a buckle, or buckles. 2.
To prepare for action ; a metaphor, taken from buckling
on armor. 3. To join in battle. 4. To confine or limit.
BU€'KLE, V. i. To bend; tc bow.— T'o buckle to, to bend
to ; to apply with vigor ; to engage with zeal. — To buckle
in, to close in ; to embrace or seize the body, as in a
scuffle; a popular use in .America. — 7'o buckle with, to
encounter with embrace ; to join in close combat.
BUfK'LER, n. [W. bwccled.] A kind of shield, or piece of
defensive armor.
t BU€K'LER, V. t. To support ; to defend. Shak.
BU€K'LER-THORN, n. Christ's thorn.
BU€K'MiiST, n. [buck, that is, beach, and mast.] The mast,
or fruit of the beach tree.
BU€K'RAM, n. [Fr. bourrran.] A coarse linen cloth, stif-
fened with glue.
BU€K'RAM, a. Stiff; precise. Fulke.
BU€K'RAMS, n. The same as wild garlic.
BU€KS'HORN, n. A plant, a species of plantago, or plan-
tain, called coronopu^.
BU€K'SKIN, n. The skin of a buck, .ds an adjective,
)! ade of leather, prepared from the skin of a buck.
BU€K'STALL, n. A toil or net to take deer.
BU€K'TH'6RN, n. A genus of plants, called rhamnus, of
many species.
BU€K'WHkAT, n. [D. boek-weit.] A plant and a species
o* grain ; called also brank.
BU eOL'I€, or B[J-€OL'I-€AL, a. [Gr. ^ovKoXog.] Pas-
toral.
BU-€OL'I€, n. 1. A pastoral poem, representing rural af-
fairs. 2. A writer of pastorals.
BUD, n. [D. bot.] A gem ; the shoot of a plant ; a small
protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, contain-
ing the rudiments of future leaves or a flower.
BUD, V. i. 1. To put forth or produce buds or gems. 2. To
put forth shoots ; to grow as a bud into a flower or shoot.
3. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the man-
ner of a bud, cis a horn. 4. To be in bloom, or growing
like a young plant.
BUD, V. t. To inoculate a plant ; to insert the bud of a plant
under the bark of another tree, for the purpose of raising,
upon any stock, a species of fruit different from that of
the stock.
BUD'DED, pp. Put forth in buds ; inoculated.
BUD'DHISM, n. The doctrines of the Buddhists.
BUD'DING, ppr. Putting forth buds ; inoculating.
BUD DLE, n. In mining, a large square frame of boards,
used in washing tin ore. .dsh.
BUD DLE, V. i. Among miners, to wash ore.
BUDGE, V. t. [Fr. and Norm, bouger.] To move off; to
stir; to wag. In .America, 7r, a g is much used as equiva-
lent to budire ; but the use of both words is vulgar.
BUDGE, 71. The dressed skin or fur of lambs.
BUDGE, a. 1. Brisk; jocund. 2. Surly; stiff; formal;
[obs.]
BUDGE'-BACH'E-LORS. A company of men who accom-
pany the lord mayor of London at his inauguration.
BUD6E'-B AR-REL, n. A small barrel with only one head,
used for carrving powder.
t BUDGE NESS, n. Sternness; severity.
BUDG'ER, 71. One who moves or stirs from his place.
BUDG'ET, n. [Ft. bougette.] 1. A bag ; a little sack, with
its contents. H mce, a stock or store. 2. The papers re-
iP
spectmg the finances of the British nation.— TV? open the
budget, to lay before a legislative body the papers of the
executive government.
fBUDG'Y, a. Consisting of fur.
BUD'LET, n. A little bud springing from a parent bud.
BUFF, 71. [contracted from buj/alo, or buffskiu.] 1. Buff-
skin ; a sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buf-
falo. 2. A military coat made of bufl'-skin or similar
leather. 3. The color of buft"; a light yellow. 4. A yel-
low, viscid substance, formed on the surface of blood
drawn in inflammatory diseases. Parr.
BUFF, ?;. t. To strike. See Buffet.
UFF'A-LO, n. [It. and Sp. bufalo.] The buhalus, a spe-
cies of the bovine genus. I he name is also applied to
wild oxen in general, and particularly to the bison of
North America. See Bison.
BUFF'EL, n Buffel's-head duck, a bird.
BUFF'ET, 71 [Ft. buffet.] A cupboard, or set of shelves, for
plates, glass, china and other like furniture.
BUFF'ET, n. [It. buff'etto.] A blow with the fist ; a box on
the ear or face ; a slap. Milton.
BUFF'ET, V. t. 1. To strike with the hand or fist ; to box ;
to beat. 2. To beat in contention ; to contend against.
BUFF'ET, V. i. To exercise or play at boxing.
BUFF'ET-ED, pp. Struck ; beaten.
BUFF'ET-ER, n. One who buffets ; a boxer.
BUFF'ET-ING, ppr. Striking with the hand ; boxing ; con
tending against.
BUFF'ET-ING, n. 1. A striking with the hand. 2. Con-
tention ; attack ; opposition.
BUFF'IN, 71. A sort of coarse stuff.
BUF'FLE, n. [Fr.] The buflalo.
BUF'FLE, V. i. To puzzle ; to be at a loss. Swift.
BUF'FLE-HEAD, n. One who has a large head.
BUF'FLE-HEAD-ED, a. Having a large head, like a buf-
falo ; dull ; stupid ; foolish.
BUFF'ON, n. The Numidian crane.
BUF-FOON', n. [Fr. bovffon.] 1. A man who makes a
practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures
and postures, jokes and other vulgar pleasantries. A
droll ; a mimic. 2. He that uses indecent raillery.
BUF-FOON', V. t. To make ridiculous.
BUF-FOON ER-Y, n. The arts and practices of a buffoon ;
low jests ; ridiculous pranks ; vulgar tricks and pos-
tures.
BUF-FOON'ING, n. Buffoonery. Dry den.
BUF-FOON'ISH, a. Like a buffoon ; consisting inlow jesta
or gestures.
BUF-FOON'ISM, n. The practices of a buffoon.
t BUF-FOON 'iZE, v. i. To play the fool, jester, or bufibon-
BUF-FOON'-LIKE, a. Resembling a buffoon.
BUF-FOON'LY, a. Consisting of low vulgar tricks.
BO'FON-lTE, 7!. [L. bufo.] Toadstone.
BUG, 77. [qu. W. ba^, byran.] The name of a vast multi-
tude of insects, which infest houses and plants.
BUG, or BUG'BEaR, n. [W. bwg.] A frightful object ; a
walking spectre ; any thing imaginary that is considered
as friglitful. Locke.
BUG'BEaR, v. t. To alarm or frighten with idle phantoms.
Archbishop King.
BU-GEE', n. A species of monkey in India.
BU-GEL'U-GEY, n. A large species of lizard
BUG'GER, n. [Fr. bougre.] One guilty of the crime against
nature. A vile wretch ; a term of reproach.
BUG'GER-Y, V. The unnatural and detestable crime of
carnal intercourse of man or woman with a beast ; or of
human beings unnaturally with each other. Sodomy.
BUG'Gl-NESS, n. The state of being infected with bugs.
BUG'GY, a. Abounding with bugs.
BtJ'GLE, or Bu'GLE-HORN, n. [W. bugail.] I, A hunt-
ing-horn. Shak. 2. A military instrument of music.
Bu'GLE, 71. A shining bead of black glass. Shak.
BtJ'GLE, n. [Ij.bugula, or bugillo.] A genus of plants
ajuga, of sevei'al species.
BC'GLE, 7!. [L. bucidus.] A sort of wild ox.
Bu'GLE-WEED, n. A plant, the lycopus virginicv^.
BtJ'GLOSS, 71. [L. biiglossus.] A genus of plants.
BUG'WoRT, 71 A plant, the cimicifuga.
RUHR STONE, n. A subspecies of silex or quartz. This
word is often written burr-stone.
BUILD, ) (bild) v. t. pret. built ; pp. built. The regular
BILD, ) pret. and pp.,/ i/iWf^Z, is sometimes used. [Sax.
bijldav.] 1. To frame, construct, and raise, as an edifice.
2. To raise by art ; to frame or shape into a particular
form. 3. To raise any thing on a support or foundation.
4. In Scripture, to increase and strengthen ; to cement
and knit together ; to settlft^ or establish and preserve.
BUILD, (bild) V. i. 1. To exercise liit art, or practice the
business of building. 2. To construct, rest or depend on
as a foundation.
BUILD'ER, (bild'cr) n. 1. One who builds ; an architect, a
ship-wright, a mason, &c. 2. A creator.
BUILD'ING, (bild'ing) ppr. Framing and erecting ; resting
on.
* See S7jnop^s. A, K, I, O, U, "?, long.—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARtNE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete
BUL
111
BVN
BUILD'ING, (bild'ing) 71. A fabric or edifice constructed
for use or convenience, as a house.
BUILT, (bilf) pp. Framed and raised ; constructed.
BUILT, (bill) n. I. Form ; shape ; general figure of a
structure. Dryden. 2. Species of building.
BUL, n. The common flounder. Chambers.
BULB, 71. [Gr. ^o'X^os.] A round body, applied to many
objects. But, in botany, it is appropriately a bud formed
under ground, upon or near the roots of certain herbaceous
plants, which are hence called bulbous plants, as the
onion and lily.
BULB, V. i. To bulb out, is to project or be protuberant.
[Little used.] Evelyn.
BUL-Ba'CEOUS, a. Bulbous.
BULBED, a. Round-headed.
BUL-BIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bulbs.
BULB'OUS, a. 1. Containing bulbs or a bulb; growing
from bulbs ; round or roundish. 2. Containing a knob,
or protuberant part ; swelling out ; presenting rounded
elevations.
BUL'CHIN, n. A young male calf. Marston.
BUL6E, n. A different orthography of bilge. [W. bwlg.]
The bilge or protuberant part of a cask 5 protuberance.
BULGE, v.i. 1. To swell out ; to be protuberant. 2. To
bilge as a ship. See Bilge.
BULG'ING, ppr. or a Swelling ou* ; bilging, jis an ad-
jective, protuberant.
BU'LI-MY, ?i. [Gr. jSouXt|Uto(.] A voracious appetite ; a dis-
ease in which the patient has a perpetual and insatiable
appetite for food, and otten faints, if not indulged.
BULK, 71. [W.bulg.] 1. Magnitudeof material substance ;
whole dimensions •, size of a thing. 2. The gross ; the
majority 5 the main mass or body. Sicift. 3. Main fabric.
4. The whole content of a ship's hold for the stowage of
goods. 5. A part of a building jutting out. Shak. — To
break bulk, in seamen^s language, is to begin to unload. —
Laden in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold, or not
inclosed in boxes, bales or casks.
BULK'-HEAD, n. A partition in a ship, made with boards,
to form separate apartments.
BULK'I-NESS, n. Greatness in bulk, size or stature.
BULK'Y, a. Large; of great dimensions.
BULL, 71. [G. bull.] 1. The male of the bos, or bovine genus
of quadrupeds, of which cow is the female. 2. In a Scriptu-
ral sense, an enemy. 3. Taurus, one of the twtlve signs
oi'the zodiac.
BULL, 71. [It. bolla. This name was given to the seal
which was appended to the edicts and briefs of the pope,
and, in process of time, applied to the edict itself. Spel-
man.] 1. A letter, edict or rescript of the pope, published
or transmitted to the churches over which he is head,
containing some decree, order or decision. 2. A blunder
or contradiction. Pope.
BULL, a prefix, signifies a bull, or large, or having a large
head.
BTJLL'-BaIT-ING, n. The practice of baiting or exciting
bulls with dogs. Addison.
BULL'-BEEF, n. The flesh of a bull ; coarse beef.
BULL'-BEG-GAR, n. Something terrible, or frightful.
BULL'-CaLF, 7i. A male calf; a stupid fellow.
BiJLL'-DOG, n. A species of dog of a particular form, and
of remarkable courage.
BULL'S'-EyE, n. 1. Among seamen, a piece of wood in
the form of a ring. 2. Aldebaran, a star. 3. A small,
obscure cloud, portending a great storm.
BULL'-FACED, a. Having a large face. Dryden.
BULL'-FEAST. See Bull-fight.
BtJLL'-FlGHT, n. A combat with a bull ; an amusement
among the Spaniards and Portuguese.
BIJLL'-FINCH, 71. A bird of the sparrow kind.
BULL'-FLY, or BULL'-BEE, 71. An insect.
BULL'-FEOG, 7i. A large species of frog.
BULL'-HEAD, n. 1. A genus of fishes, the cottus. 2. A
stupid fellow ; a lubber. 3. A small, black, water vermin.
BULL'-TROUT, n. A large species of trout.
BULL'- WEED, n. Knap weed. Johnson.
BTJLL'-WoRT, 71. Bishopsweed. Johnson.
BULL'- ACE, n. 1. The bully-tree, or chrysophyllum, a
plant. 2. The wild plum.
BUL-L ANTIC, a. Designating certain ornamental capital
letters, used in apostolic bulls. It is used also as a noun.
BULL'A-RY, 71. A collection of papistical bulls.
BUL'LATE, a. [L. bullatus.] Having elevations, like blis-
ters.
BULL'ET, 71. [Fr. boulet.] A ball of iron or lead called also
shot, used to load guns for killing man or beast.
BULL'E-TIN, n. [Fr.] 1. An ofiicial report from an officer
to his commander or superior. 2. An official report of a
physician respecting the king's health. 3. A little note
given by a banking company. 4. It is sometimes used
for a notice, or public announcement.
* BULL'ION, n. [Fr. billon.] Uncoined gold or silver in
the mass.
BUL'LI-RAG, V. t. To insult in a bullying manner.
BULL'ISH, a. Partaking of the nature of a bull or blunder.
Milton.
BULL'IST, n. A writer of papal bulls. Harmar.
BUL'LlTE, 71. A petrified shell, or the fossil remains of
shells, of the genus bulla.
t BUL-Li"TION, 72. [L. bullio.] The act or state of boiling-
Superseded by ebullition.
BULL'OCK, 71. [Sax. bulluca.] An ox, or castrated bull.
"in America, it is applied to a full-grown ox.
BULL'Y, 71. [Svv. bbla.] A noisy, blustering, overbearing,
"quarrelsome fellow, more distinguished for insolence and
empty menaces than for courage. Addison.
BULL'Y, V. t. To insult and overbear with noise and blus
"tering menaces. King.
BULL'Y, V. i. To be noisy and quarrelsome.
BiJL'RUSH, 71. [bole, or boll, and rush.] A large kind of
rush, growing in wet land or water.
BUL'RUSH-Y, a. Made of bulrushes. Huloet.
t BUL'TEL, 71. A bolter or bolting cloth ; also, bran.
BUL'WARK, 71. [^w.bolvarck.] 1. In /or«(^catio7i, a bas-
tion, or a rampart, &c. 2. A fortification ; also, any
means of defense. 3. That which secures against an
enemy or external annoyance ; a screen or shelter ; means
of protection and safety.
BUL'WARK, V. t. To fortify with a rampart ; to secure by
a fortification ; to protect. Addison.
BUM, 71. The buttocks ; the part on which we sit.
BUM, V. i. To make a noise. Marston.
BUM-BaIL'IFF, 71. [a corruption of bound bailiff.] In
England, an under-bailiff.
BUM^BARD. See Bombard.
BUM'BAST, n. [a different orthography of bombast, which
see.] 1. A cloth made by sewing one stuff upon anoth-
er ; patchwork. 2 Linei.. stuffed with cotton ; stuffing j
wadding.
BUM'BLE-BEE, 71. [1.. bombns.] A large bee, sometimes
caWedJiumble-bee ; so named from its sound.
BUM'BoAT, 71. A small boat, for carrying provisions to a
ship at a distance from shore.
BUM'KIN, 71. [See Bumpkin.] 1. A short boom projecting
from each bow of a ship. 2. A small out-rigger over the
stern of a boat.
BUMP, n. [W. picmp.] 1. A swelling or protuberance. 2.
A thump ; a heavy blow.
BUMP, V. i. To make a loud, heavy or hollow noise, as the
bittern. It is also written boom ; [W. bwmp.]
BUMP, V. t. To strike as with or against any thing large or
solid ; to thump.
BUMP'ER, n. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or tfll the
liquor runs over. Dryden.
BUMP'KIN, 72. An awkward, heavy rustic ; a clown, or
country lout. Locke.
t BUMP'KIN-LY, a. Clownish. Richardson.
BUNCH, 72. [W. pwng.] 1. A protuberance ; a hunch ; a
knob or lump. 2. A cluster ; a number of the same kind
growing together. 3. A number of things tied together.
4, A collection of things ; a knot.
BUNCH, V. i. To swell out in a protuberance ; to be protu-
berant or round.
BUNCH, V. t. To fonn or tie in a bunch or bunches.
BUNCH-BACKED, a. Having a bunch on the back ;
crooked.
BUNCH'I-NESS, n. The quality oV being bunchy, or grow-
ing in bunches.
BUNCH' Y, a. Growing in bunches ; like a bunch ; having
tufts.
BUN'DLE, 72. [Sax. byndel.] 1. A number of things put
together. 2. A roll ; any thing bound or rolled into a
convenient form for conveyance.
BUN'DLE, v.t. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll ; often
followed by up. Swift.
BUNG, 72. [Fr. bondon.] 1. The stopple of the orifice in the
bilge of a cask. 2. The hole or orifice in the bilge of a
cask.
BUNG, V. t. To stop the orifice in the bilge of a cask with
a bung ; to close up.
BUNG'-HOLE, 71. The hole or orifice in the bilge of a
cask.
BUN'GLE, (bung'gl) v. i. To perform in a clumsy, awk
ward manner. Dryden.
BUN'GLE, V. t. To make or mend clumsily ; to botch ; to
manage awkwardly ; with up. Dryden.
BUN'GLE, 72. A botch ; inaccuracy ; gross blunder ; clumsy
performance. Ray.
BUN'GLER, 72. A clumsy, awkward workman ; one who
performs without skill. Peacham.
BUN'GLING, ppr. Performing awkwardly.
BUN'GLING, a. Clumsy ; awkwardly done.
BUN'GLING-LY, adv. Clumsily ; awkwardly.
BUNK, 72. [Dan. bynke.] A case or cabin of boards for a
bed ; a word used in some parts of America.
BUNN, or BUN, 72. [Scot, bun, bunn.] A small cake, or a
kind of sweet bread. Oay.
Sec Syvops
MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;-BULTi, UNITE.— € as K ; Gas J ; S as Z ; CHaa SH ; THasin thio. t Obsolete
BUR
112
BUR
BUN'SING, n. An animal found at the Cape of Good Hope.
BUNT, n. The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail.
BUNT, V, i. 1. To swell out. 9. In popular language, to
push with the horns -, to butt.
BUNT'Eil, h. A cam word for a woman who picks up rags
in tiie streets ; hence, a low, vulgar woman.
BUNT'ING, w. A bird of the genus emberiza.
BUNT'ING, or BUN'TINE, n. [Ger. bunt.] A thin woolen
Ftuff', of which the colors or flags and signals of ships are
made.
BUNT'LINES, n. Ropea fastened to cringles on the bottoms
of aqiare sails.
* BUOY", (bwoy) n. [Fr. bouee.] A close empty cask, or a
block of wood or cork, fastened by a rope to an anchor,
and floating on the water, to show where the anchor is
situated.
* BUOY'ROPE, n. The rope which fastens a buoy to an an-
chor.
* BUOY, (bwoy) v. t. 1. To keep afloat in a fluid ; to bear
up, or keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air ;
with up. 2. To support, or sustain ; to keep from sinking
into ruin or despondency. 3. To fix buoys, as a direction
to mariners.
* BUOY, (bwoy) v. ?.. To float ; to rise by specific lightness.
* BUOY'AN-CY, (bwoy'an-sy) n. The quality of floating
on the surface of water, or in the atmosphere ; specific
lifflitncss.
*BUOY'ANT, (bwoy'ant) a. 1. Floating-, light; that will
not sink •, having the quality of rising or floating in a
fluid. 2. Bearing up, as a fluid ; [unusual.] Dryden.
BU-PRES'TES n. A species of cantharides.
BUR, BOUR, or BOR, Sax. bur, signifies a chamber or a
cottage.
BUR, n. [Sax. burre.] 1. A rough, prickly covering of the
seeds of certain plants, as of the chestnut. 2. A broad
ring of iron behind the place for the hand on a spear, used
in tilting.
BUR'BOT, 71. [from L. barbatus.] A fish of the genus ga-
dus, shaped like an eel.
BURD'E-LAIS, (bur'de-lay) n A sort of grape.
BURD'EN, (bur'dn) n. written also bxirthen. [Sax. hyrdcn,
byrthen.] 1. That which is borne or carriefi ; a load. 2.
That which is borne with labor or difficulty ; that which
is grievous, wearisome or oppressive, 3. A birth. Shak.
4. [Fr. bourdon.] The verse repeated in a song, or the
return of the theme at the end of each verse ; the chorus.
5. In common language, that which is often repeated •, a
subject on which one dwells. 6. A fixed quantity of cer-
tain commodities. 7. The contents of a ship ; the quan-
tity or number of tuns a vessel will carry. 8. A club ;
Ijwt in use.] Spenser.
BURD'EN, (bur'dn) v. t. 1. To load ; to lay on a heavy
load ; to incumber with weight. 2. To oppress with any
thing grievous. 3. To surcharge.
BURD'ENED, pp. Loaded with weight ; incumbered ; op-
pressed.
BURD'EN-ER, n. One who loads ; an oppressor.
BURD'EN-OUS, a. 1. Grievous ; heavy to be borne ; op-
pressive. 2. Cumbersome ; useless. Milton.
BURD'EN-SoME, a. Heavy ; grievous to be borne 5 caus-
ing uneasiness or fatigue ; oppressive.
BURI)'EN-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of being burden-
some ; heaviness ; oppressiveness.
BURDOCK, n. A genus of plants.
BU'REAU, (bu'ro) n. [Fr. bureau.] 1. A chest of drawers,
for keeping papers, or clothes. 2. An embassador's or
secretary's office.
BURG, n. [This is the same word as borough, the only dif-
ference being in the pronunciation of the final letter.] A
borough ; originally, a fortified town, but now, a city or
town, which sends members to parliament. See Borough.
BURG'AGE, to. [from burg.] In English law, a tenure,
applied to cities, or towns, or where houses or lands are
held of some lord in common socage, by a certain estab-
lished rent.
BURG'A-MOT, M. 1. A species of pear. [See Bergamot.]
2. A kind of perfume. See Bergamot.
BURG'A-NET, or BURG'0-NET, n. [Fr. bourguignote.]
A kind of helmet, the Spanish murrion.
BUR-GEOIS', (boor-zha) n. [Fr. bouro-eois.] A burgess.
BUR-6EOIS', or BOUR-6EOIS', (bur-jois') n. A species
of type, or printing letter, smaller than long primer, and
larger than brevier.
BUR'GEON. See Bourgeon.
BURGEON, (bur'jun) n. In gardening, a knot or but-
ton, put forth by the branches of a tree, in the spring.
Chambers.
BURG'ER-MAS-TER, n. An aquatic fowl.
BURG'ESS, n. [Fr. bourgeois.] 1. An inhabitant of a bor-
ough, or walled town ; or one who possesses a tenement
therein ; a citizen or freeman of a borough. 2. A repre-
sentative of a borough in parliament. 3. A magistrate of
certain towns.
BUR6'ESS-SHrP, n. The state or quality of a burgess.
BURGH, (burg) 11. A different orthography of burg, borough,
which see.
BL"RGH'-BOTE, n. In old laws, a contribution towards the
building or repairing of castles, &c.
BURGH'-BRECH, n. A fine imposed on a burgh, for a
breach of the peace.
BURGIl'ER, n. An hihabitant of a burgh or borougii, or one
who enjoys the privileges of a place.
BURGH'ER-SHIP, n. The state or privilege of a burgher.
BURGH'-MaS-TER, n. A burgomaster 5 also, an oliicer in
the tin-mines.
BURGH'MOTE, to. The court of a burgh or borough
BURG'LAR, 71. [burgh, or burg, a house, and Arm. 'aer,
a thief. ]^ One guilty of nocturnal house-brea ' ^ng.
BURG-La'RI-AN, n. A person guilty of burglai^ . ,
BURG-La'RI-OUS, a. Pertaining to burglary ; constituting
tiie crime of burglary.
BURG-La'RI- OUS-LY, adv. With an intent to commit burg-
lary ; in the manner of a burglar.
BURG'LA-RY, to. The act or crime of nocturnal house-
breaking, with an intent to commit a felony.
BURG-MOTE, to. A 'lorough court. Burke.
BURG'O-MAS-TER, to. A burgh-master ; a magistrate, or
one employed in the government of a city.
BUR'GRAVE, 7). [burg, and G. graf.] In some European
countries, an hereditary governor of a town or castle.
BUR'GUN-DY, to. A kind of wine, so called from Burgun-
dy in France. Shenstonc.
BURH is the same as burg, burgh, with the aspirate It is
Saxon, and signifies a city, a castle, a house, or tower
BUR'I-AL, (ber'-e-al) to. 1. The act of burying a deceased
person ; sepulture ; interment. 2. The act of placing any
thing under earth or water. 3. The church service for
funerals.
BUR'-I-AL-PLACE, to. A place appropriated tc the burial
of the dead ; a grave-yard.
BUR'I-ER, (ber'e-er) to. One who buries a deceased person.
Bu'RIN, n. [Fr. burin.] A graver ; an insti-uraent for en-
graving.
BURL, V. t. 1. To dress cloth, as fullers do. Johnson. 2.
To pick knots and loose threads off"trom cloth.
BLR'LACE, TO. [a contraction of burdelais.] A sort of
grape.
BURL'ER, TO. A dresser of cloth.
BUR-LESaUE', I a. [Fr. ; It. burlesco.] Jocular ; tending to
BUR-LESK', \ excite laughter by ludicrous images.
BUR-LESUUE', | n. 1. Ludicrous representation ; a contra^
BUR-LESK', \ between the subject and the manner of
treating it, which tends to excite laughter or ridicule. 2.
A composition in which the contrast between the subject
and the manner of considering it renders it ludif vnus or ri-
diculous.
BUR-LESQUE ,}v. t. To turn into ridicule ; or to uoake
BUR-LESK', ) ludicrous by representation.
BUR-LESQ,'UER, ) to. One who burlesques, or turns to ridi-
BUR-LESK'ER, \ cule.
BUR-LET'TA, to. [It.] A comic opera ; a sical enter-
tainment.
BUR'LI-NESS, TO. Bulk ; bluster.
BURL'Y, a. Great in size ; bulky ; tumid ; falsely great ;
boisterous. Dryden.
BURN, V. t. pret. and pp. burned or burnt. [Sax. bernan,
bternan or byrnan.] 1. To consume with fire ; to reduce
to ashes by the action of heat or fire. 2. To expel the vol-
atile parts and reduce to charcoal by fire. 3. To cleanse
of soot by burning ; to inflame. 4. To harden in the fire ;
to bake or harden by heat. 5. To scorch j to affect by
heat. 6. To injure by fire ; to aflTect the flesh by heat.
9. To dry up, or dissipate ; with up. 8. To dry excessive-
ly ; to cause to wither by heat. 9. To heat or inflame ;
to affect with excessive stimulus. 10. To affect with
heat in cookery, so as to give the food a disagreeable taste.
11. To calcine with excessive heat. — To burn up, to con-
sume entirely by fire. — To bum out, to burn till the fuel
is all consumed.
BURN, V. i. 1. To be on fire ; to flame. 2. To shine ; to
sparkle. 3. To be inflamed with passion or desire. 4.
To act with destructive violence, as fire. 5. To be in
commotion ; to rage with destructive violence. 6. To
be heated ; to be in a glow. 7. To be afl^ected with a
sensation of heat, pain, or acidity. 8. To feel excess of
heat. — To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted,
and the fire ceases.
BURN, TO. ]. A hurt or injury of the flesh, caused by the
action of fire. 2. The operation of burning or baking, as
in brichmaldng.
BURN'A-BLE, a. That may be burnt. [Little used.]
BURN-COW, or BURST'-COW, to. A genus of insects.
BURNED, or BURNT, pp. Consumed with fire ; scorched
or dried with fire or heat ; baked or hardened in the fire.
BURN'ER, TO. A person who burns or sets fire to any thing
BURN'ET, TO. A plant, poterium, or garden burnet.
BUR^T'ET-SAX'I-FRAGE, to. A plant, pimpinella.
BURNING, ppr. Consuming with fire ; flaming ; scorch
See Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, Zoto^.- -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARWE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
BUR
113
BUT
mg ; hardening by fire ; calcining ; charring ; raging as
fire ; glowing.
BURN'ING, 71. Combustion ; the act of expelling volatile
matter and reducing to ashes, or to a calx ; a fire ; inflam-
mation ; the heat or raging of passion.
BURN ING, a. 1. Powerful ; vehement. 2. Much heated ;
very hot ; scorching.
BUKi\'ING-GLASS, n. A glass which collects the rays of
the sun into a small space, called a focus, producing an
intense heat.
BURN ING-THORN'l! -PLANT. A species of spurge.
BURN'ISH, V. t. [Fr. brunir.] To polish by friction ; to
make smooth , bright and glossy.
BURN'ISH, V. i. 1. To grow bright or glossy. Swift. 2. To
grow ; to spread out. Dryden.
BURN'ISH, n. Gloss ; brightness ; lustre. Christ. Obs.
BURN'ISHED, pp. Polished ; made glossy.
BURN'ISH-ER, n. 1. The person who polishes, or makes
glossy. 2. An instrument used in polishing, of different
kinds.
BURN'ISH-ING, ppr. Polishing ; making smooth and glossy.
BURN'OOSE, ) n. [Sp. albornoz.] An upper cloak or gar-
BURN'OS, \ ment.
BURNT, pp. of burn. Consumed ; scorched ; heated ; sub-
jected to the action of fire.
BURNT'-OF'FER-ING, n. Something offered, and burnt
on an altar, as an atonement for sin ; a sacrifice ; called
also burnt-sacrifice.
BURR, n. 1. The lobe or lap of the ear. 2. The round
knob of a horn next a deer's head. 3. The sweet-bread.
BUR'RAS PIPE, n. An instrument or vessel used to keep
corroding powders in.
BUR'-REED, 71- A plant, the sparganium.
BUR'REL, n. A sort of pear, called the red butter pear.
BUR'REL-FL1f, n. The ox-liy, gad-bee, or breeze.
BUR'REL-SHOT, n. [Fr. buurreler, and shot.] Small shot,
nails, stones, pieces of old iron, &c., put into cases, to be
discharged among enemies.
BUR'ROCK, 7!. A small wier or dam where wheels are laid
in a river, for catching fish.
BUR'RoW, 71. A different orthography of bwrgh, borough,
which see.
BUR'RoW, 71. [Sax. byrgen.] A hollow place in the earth,
or in a warren, where small animals lodge.
BUR'RoW, V. i. To lodge in a hole excavated in the
earthj to lodge in any deep or concealed place.
BUR'RoW-ING, ppr. Lodging in a burrow.
BURS' A R, 71. 1. A treasurer, or cash-keeper ; a purser. 2.
A student, to whom a stipend is paid out of a burse, or
fund. Johnson.
BURS' AR-SHIP, n. The office of a bursar. Hales.
BURS'A-RY, n. 1. The treasury of a college, or monastery.
2. In Scotland, an exhibition.
BURSE, (burs) n. [Fr. bourse.] 1. A public edifice in certain
cities, for the meeting of merchants, to consult on matters
of trade and money ; an exchange. 2. In France, a fund
or foundation for the maintenance of poor scholars in
their studies.
BURST, V. i. pret. and pp. burst. The old participle hursten
is nearly obsolete. [Sax. byrstan, burstan.] 1 To fly
or break open with force, or with sudden violence ; to suf-
fer a violent disruption. 2. To break away ; to spring
from. 3. To come or fall upon suddenly or with violence ;
to rush upon unexpectedly. 4. To issue suddenly, or to
come from a hidden or retired place into more open view.
5. To break forth into action suddenly. 6. To break or
rush in with violence.
BURST, V. t. To break or rend by force or violence ; to
open suddenly.
BURST, 71. 1. A sudden disruption ; a violent rending; a
sudden explosion or shooting forth. 2. A rupture ; a her-
nia.
BURST, or BURST'EN, pp. or a. Affected with a rupture,
or hernia.
BURST, pp. Opened or rent asunder by violence.
BURST'EN-NESS, n. The state of having a rupture ; the
hernia.
BURST'ER, 71. One that bursts.
BURST'ING, ppr. Rending or parting by violence ; explod-
ing.
BURST'-WoRT, n. The herniaria, a plant said to be good
ngainst hernia or ruptures.
BURT, n. A flat fish of the turbot kind. Johnson.
BURTH'EN See Burden.
BUR'TON, (bur'tn) n. A small tackle formed by two blocks
or pulleys.
BUR'Y, (ber'ry) n This word is a different orthography of
burg, burh, borough. It signifies a house, habitation, or
castle, and is retained in many names of places, as in
Shrewsbury, Danbury. The word is used by Oreto, for
burrow.
BUR'Y, (ber'ry) v. t. [Sax. byrian, burgan.] 1. To deposit
a deceased person in the grave ; to inter a corpse ; to en-
tomb. 2. To cover with earth, as seed sown. 3. To
hide ; to conceal ; to overwhelm ; to cover with any
thing. 4. To withdraw or conceal in retirement. 5. To
commit to the water ; to deposit in the ocean. 6. To
place one thing within another. 7. To forget and forgive ;
to hide in oblivion — To bury the hatchet, in the languaa-e
of American Indians B to lay aside the instruments of
war, forget injuries, and make peace.
BUR'Y-ING, (ber re-ing) ppr. Interring ; hiding ; cover-
ing with earth ; overwhelming.
BUR'Y-ING, 71. The act of interring the dead ; sepulture.
BUll'Y-ING-PLACE, n. A grave-yaid ; a place appropri-
ated to the sepulture of the dead ; a church-yard.
BUR'i''-PEAR, 7i. [Fr. beur^e.] The name of a very tender
and delicate pear. Cotgrave.
BUSH, n. [D. bosch.] 1. A shrub with branches; a thick
slirub ; also, a cluster of shrubs. With hxinters, a fox tail.
2. An assemblage of branches interwoven S. A branch
of a tree fixed or hung out as a tavern sign. 4. A >^,rcle
of metal let into the sheaves of such blocks as have iron
pins, to prevent their wearing.
BUSH, V. i. To grow thick or bushy. Milton.
BUSH, V. t. To furnish a block with a bush.
BJJSH'EL, 72. [Fr. boisseau.] 1. A dry measure, containing
eight gallons, or four pecks. 2. A large quantity. 3. The
circle of iron in the nave of a r/heel ; in America called a
box.
BUSH'EL-AgE, n. A duty payable on commodities by the
bushel.
BUSH'ET,7i. A wood. See Busket.
BLTH'I-NESS, 71. The quality of being bushy.
BUSH'-MAN, 71. [D. bosch-man.] A woodsman.
fBUSH'MENT, 7i. A thicket ; a cluster of bushes.
BUSK' Y, a. 1. Full of branches ; thick and spreading, like
a bush. 2. Full of bushes ; overgrown with shmbs.
BUS'IED, {hiz'ziA) pp. of busy.
BUS'I-LESS, (biz'ze-les) a. Without business ; at leisure ;
unemployed.
BUS'I-LY, (biz'ze-ly) adv. 1. With constant occupation ;
actively ; earnestly ; as, to be busily employed. 2. With
an air of hurry or importance ; v/ith too much curiosity ;
importunately ; officiously.
BUS'I-NESS, (biz'nes) n. 1. Employment ; that wliich oc-
cupies the tune, attention and labor of men. 2. Affairs ;
concerns. 3. The subject of employment; that wliich
engages the care and attention. 4. Serious engagement ;
important occupation, in distinction from trivial affairs.
5. Concern; riglit of action or iiterposing. 6. A point ;
a matter of question ; something lO be examined, consid-
ered or performed. — To do the business for a man, is to
kill, destroy, or ruin him.
BUSK, n. [Fr. busqiLe.] A piece of steel or whale-bone,
worn by women to strengthen their stays.
tBUSK, «. A bush.
BUSK, V. i. To be active or busy. Fairfax uses it in the
sense oi prepare, transitively, "to busk them for the bat-
tle."
BUSK'ET, 7!. A small bush, or a compartment of shrubs in
a garden. Spenser.
BUSK'IN, 71. 1. Akindof half boot, or high shoe, covering
the foot and leg to the middle, worn by ancient actors
of'.;ragedy. 2. In classic authors , the word is used for
tragedy.
BUSK'INED, a. Dressed in buskins. Milton.
BUSK'Y, a. Bushy; wooded; shaded or overgrown with
trees or shrubs ; generally written bosky.
BUSS, n. [L. basio ; Fr. baiser.] 1. A kiss ; a salute with
the lips. 2. [D. buis.] A small vessel.
BUSS, V. t. To kiss ; to salute with the lips. Shak.
BUST, n. [It. and Sp. busto.] In sculpture, the figure of a
person in relief, showing only the head, shoulders, and
stomach.
BUST'ARD, n. The tarda, a species of fowl of the grallic
order.
BUS'TLE, (bus'sl) v. i. To stir quick ; to be very active ;
to be very quick in motion.
BUS'TLE, (bus'sl) n. Hurry ; great stir ; rapid motion with
noise and agitation ; tumult.
BUSfTLER, (bus'ler) n. An active, stnring person.
BUS TLING, (bus'ling) ppr. Stirring ; moving actively with
noise or agitation.
BUST'0, 7!. A bust ; sometunes, perhaps, used for a statue.
BUS'Y, (biz'zy) a. [Sax. bysi, bysig.] 1. Employed with
constant attention ; engaged about something that renders
interruption inconvenient. 2. Actively employed ; occu-
pied without cessation ; constantly in motion. 3. Active
in that which does not concern the person ; meddling witli
or prying into the affairs of others ; officious ; importu-
nate ; vexatious. 4. Much occupied with employment.
BUS'Y, (biz'zy) v. t. To employ with constant atteution ;
to keep engaged ; to make or keep busy.
BUS'Y-BOD-Y, (biz'ze-bod-e) n. A meddling person ; one
who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others.
BUT part, for butan. (Commonly, but not correctly classed,
by exicographers, among conjunctions or prepositions.)
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.
3
-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tlds. t ObsoleU
BUT
114
BY
[Sax. butan, buton.] 1. Except ; besides ; unless. 2.
Only.
BUT, coTij. [Sax. bote.] More; further; noting an addition.
BUT, n. [Ft. bout.] 1. An end; a limit; abound. 2.
The end of a plank in a ship's side or bottom, which
unites with another ; generally written butt.
BUT, V. i. To be bounded by ; to lie contiguous to ; a word
used in America. See Abut.
)1UT-END, 71. The largest or blunt end of a thing.
BUTCH'ER, n. [Fr. boucher.] 1. One who slaughters ani-
mals for market. 2. One who kills men, or commands
troops to kill them.
BUTCH'ER, V. t. 1. To kill or slaughter animals for food,
or for market. 2. To murder.
BUTCH'ER-BiRD, n. The shrike, genus lanius.
BUTCH'ER-LI-NESS, n. A cruel, savage, butcherly man-
ner. ]
BUTCH'ER-LY, a. Cruel ; savage ; murderous ; grossly ;
and clumsily barbarous. Shak. '
BUTCH'ER-ROW, 71. The row, of shambles. Whitlock. ]
BtjTCH'ER'S-BROOM, n. Ruscus ; a genus of plants, !
called also knee-holly.
BUTCH'ER-Y, n. 1. The business of slaughtering cattle
for the table, or for market. 2. Murder ; great slaughter,
Dryden. 3. The place where animals are killed for mar-
ket ; a shambles, or slaughter-house.
BUT'LER, n. [Fr. bouteillier.] A servant or officer in the
houses of princes and great men, whose principal business
is to take charge of the liquors, plate, &;c.
BUTLER-AGE, n. A duty of two shillings on every tun of
wine imported into England by foreigners.
BUTLER-SHIP, n. The office of a butler.
BUT'MENT, n. 1. A buttress of an arch ; the supporter, or
that part which joins it to the upright pier. 2. The mass
of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which
the extreme arches are sustained. It is written also abut-
ment.
BUT'SHAFT, n. An arrow to shoot at butts with.
BUTT, 71. 1. Literally, end, furthest point. Hence, a
mark to be shot at ; the point where a mark is set or fixed
to be shot at. 2. The point to which a purpose or ef-
fort is directed. Skak. 3. The object of aim. 4. The
person at whom ridicule, jests, or contempt are directed.
5. [Sax. butte, or bytt.] A push or thrust given by the head
of an animal. 6. A cask whose contents are two hogs-
heads ; called also a pipe. 7. The end of a plank in a ship's
side or bottom. 8. A particular kind of hinge for doors,
&c.
BUTT, V. i. [It. buttare.] To thrust the head forward ; to
strike by thrusting the head against, as a ram.
BUT'TER, n. [Sax. buter, butera ; Ger. butter-; L. butij-
rum.] An oily substance obtained from cream or milk by
churning.
BUT'TER, V. t. 1. To smear with butter. 2. To increase
the stakes at everv throw or every game.
BUT'TER-BUMP, n. The bittern. Johnson.
BUT'TER-BURR, n. A plant, a species of tussilago.
BUT'TER-€UPS, n. A name given to a species, oi ranuncu-
lus, or crow-foot.
BUT'TER-FLOW-ER, n. A yellow flower. Oay.
BUT'TER-FLY, n. Papilio, a genus of insects of the order
oilepidopters.
BUT'TER-FLY-SHELL, n. A genus of testaceous mollus-
cas, witti a spiral, unilocular shell.
BUT'TER-IS, n. An instrument of steel set in wood for
paring the hoof of a horse.
BUT'TER-MILK, n. The milk that remains after the but-
ter is separated from it.
BUT'TER-NUT, n. The fruit of an American tree, the
jufflans chierea.
BtTT'TER-PRINT, \ n. A piece of carved wood, used to
BUT'TER-STAMP, ] mark cakes of butter.
BUT'TER-TOOTH, n. A broad fore tooth.
BUT'TER-WoM-AN ( "* ^ woman who sells butter.
BUT TER-W6RT, ti.' A species of pinguicula.
BUT TER-Y, a. Having the qualities or appearance of but-
ter. Harvey.
BUT TER-Y, 71. An apartment in a house, where butter,
milk, jirovisions, and utensils are kept.
BUT'TOCK, n. 1. The mmp, or the protuberant part be-
hind. 2. The convexity of a ship behind, under the
stern.
BUTTON, (but'tn) 71. [Fr. bouton.] 1. A knob; a small
ball ; a catch used to fasten together the different parts of
dress. 2. Any knob or ball fastened to another body ; a
small protuberant body. 3. A bud ; a gem of a plant.
4. A flat piece of wood, turning on a nail or screw, to fas-
ten doors. 5. The sea-urchin,
BUT'TON, (but'tn) v. t. 1, To fasten with a button, or
buttons ; to inclose, or make secure with buttons. 2. To
dress or clothe •, [not used.]
BUTTON-HOLE, n. The hole or loop in which a button is
caught.
BUTTON-MA-KER, n. One whose occupation is to mak«
buttons.
BUT'TON-STONE, n. A species of figured stone, or hard
flint, resembling a button.
BUT'TON-TREE, n. The conocarpus.
BUT'TON -WEED, 71. A genus of plants.
BUT'TON-WOOD, n. 1. The cephalanthus, a shrub. 2.
The platanus' occidentalis, western plane-tree, a large
tree growing in N. America, producing rough balls, from
which it is named.
BUT'TRESS, n. 1. A prop ; a wall or abutment built arch-
wise, serving to support another wall on the outside. 2
Any prop or support.
BUT'TRESS, V. t. To support by a buttress ; to prop.
BUT'TRESSED, a. Supported with a buttress.
BUTTS, n.pl.A place where archers meet toshoot at a mark,
BUT'-WINK, n. A bird. Johnson.
BUT-Y-Ra'CEOUS, I a. [from L. butyrum, butter.] Hav-
BUT'Y-ROUS, ) ing the qualities of butter ; resem-
bling butter.
BUX'OM, a. [Sax. bocsum.] 1. Obedient ; obsequious j
ready to obey ; [obs.] 2. Gay ; lively ; brisk. Milton.
3. Wanton ; jolly, Druden.
BUX'OM-LY, adv. Obediently ; [obs.] 2. Wantonly ; am-
orously.
BUX'OM-NESS, 77, Meekness ; obedience ; [obs.] Chaucer
2._ Briskness ; amorousness
BUY, (bi) V. t., pret and np. bought, pron. bawt, [Sax. bi
gan, or bycgan, bygan.] 1. To acquire the property,
right, or title to any thing, by paying a consideration or
an equivalent in money ; to purchase ; to acquire by pay-
ing a price. 2. To procure by a consideration given ; to
procure at a price, 3. To bribe ; to corrupt or pervert the
judgment by paying a consideration.
To buy off, to influence to compliance ; to cause to bend or
yield by some consideration. — To buyout. 1. To buy off, or
detach from. 2. To purchase the share or shares of a per-
son in a stock. — In popular language, to buy is to pay
dear for, as in Chaucer.
BUY, (bi) V. i. To negotiate or treat about a purchase.
BUY'ER, (bi'er) n. One who buys ; a purchaser.
BUY'ING, ppr. Purchasing.
BUZZ, V. i. [It, buzzicare.] 1. To make a low, hissing
sound, as bees. 2. To uhisper; to speak with a low,
hissing voice ; to make a low, hissing sound. Shak.
BUZZ, V. t. To whisper ; to spread, as report, by whispers,
or to spread secretly. Bentley.
BUZZ, n. The noise of bees ; also, a whisper.
BUZZ'ARD, n. [D. buzaard.] 1. A species of falco, or
hawk, the buteo ; a rapacious, but sluggish bird. 2. A
blockhead ; a dunce.
BUZZ'ARD, a. Senseless; stupid. Milton.
BUZ-ZxIRD-ET', n. A species of falco, or hawk.
BUZZ'ER, n. A whisperer; one who is busy in telling
tales secretly.
BUZZ'ING, ppr. Making a lov/, hissing sound ; whispering ;
tattling in secret.
By, prep. [Sax. be, or big ; Goth, bi.] 1. Near ; close ; as,
sit by me. 2. Near, in motion ; as, to pass by a church.
3. Through, or with, denoting the agent, means, instru-
ment, or cause; as, "a city is destroyed by fire.'\ 4.
"Day&T/day;" "year by year;" "article by article."
In these phrases, by denotes passing from one to another,
or each particular separately taken. 5. " By the space of
seven years." In this phrase, by denotes through, pass-
ing or continuing, during. 6. " By this time the sun had
risen." The word here seems to denote, at, present, or
come to. 1. According to ; as, " this appears by his own
account ;" " these are good rules to live Jy." 8, On ; as,
" to pass by land o*- water." 9. It is placed before words
denoting quantity, measure, or proportion ; as, to sell by
the pound. 10. It is used to represent the means or in-
strument of swearing, or affirming ; as, to swear by
heaven. 11. In the phrase, " he has a cask of wine by
him," by denotes nearness or presence. 12. "To sit by
one's self," is to sit alone, or without company. 13, "To
be present by attorney." In this phrase, by denotes means
or instrument ; through or in the presence of a substitute.
14. In the phrase, "north by west," the sense seems to
be, north passing to the west, inclining or goir.g westward
or near west. — As an adverb, by denotes also nearness, or
presence ; as, there was no person by at the time. — By
and by is a phrase denoting nearness in time ; in a short
time after ; presently ; soon. — By the by signifies, as we
proceed or pass, [Fr. en passantj] noting something inter-
posed in the progress of a discourse, which is distinct
from the main subject. — To stand by, is to stand near, or
to support. — In the common phrase, good-bye, bye signifies
passing, going. The phrase signifies, a good going, a
prosperous passage, and it is equivalent to farewell. — By
is used in many compound words, in most of which we
observe the sense of nearness, closeness, or a withdraw-
ing or seclusion.
t BY. See Abt.
* See Synopsis. &, E, T, o, tJ, ^, long.—FkR, F^LL, WH^T ;- PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
CAB
115
CAC
B-f'ASS. See Bias.
B-f'-eOF'FEE-HOUSE, n. A coffee-house in an obscure
place. Addison.
B-9'-€ON-CEKN'MENT, n. An affair distinct from the
main business. Dryden.
B^'-€ORN-ER, n. A private corner.
BY-DE-PEN D'ENCE, n. An appendage ; that which de-
pends on something else.
BY-DE-SiGN', n. An incidental design, or purpose
BY'-DRINK-ING, n. A private drinking.
BY'-END, n. Private end ; secret purpose or advantage.
By'-GONE, a. Past ; gone by. Scots dialect. Grew.
BY'-IN'TER-EST, n. Self-interest , private advantage.
BY'-L ANE, n. A private lane, or one out of the usual road.
BY'-LAW, n. A town law ; the law of a city, town or pri-
vate corporation. Bacon.
BY -MAT-TER, n. Something incidental. Bacon.
BY -NAME, 71. Nickname ; an incidental appellation.
BY-NAME, ■?;. t. To give a nickname. Camden,
BY'-PAST, a. Past ; gone by. Scots dialect.
BY'-PATH, 71. A private path ; an obscure way
BY'-RE-SPECT', 71. Private etfd, or view. Dryden.
BY'-RoAD, n. A private or obscure road Swift.
BY'-ROOM, 71. A private room or apartment. Shale.
By'-SPEECH, n. An incidental or casual speech, not di-
rectly relating to the point. Hooker
tBY'-SPELL, 71. [Sax. bigspell.] A proverb. Coles
BY'-STAND-ER, n. [Sax. bigstandan.] One who stands
near ; a spectator ; one who has no concern with the busi-
ness transacting.
By'-STREET, n. A separate, private or obscure street
BY'-TURN-ING, n. An obscure road. Sidney.
By'- VIEW, n. Private view ; self-interested purpose.
BY'-WALK, n. A secluded or private walk. Dryden.
BY'-WAY, 71. A secluded, private or obscure way.
BY-WEST', adv. Westward ; to the west of. Davies.
BY'-WiPE, 71. A secret stroke or sarcasm. Milton.
BY'-W6RD, n. [Sax. bi, or big, and word.] A common say
ing ; a proverb ; a saying that has a general currency.
BYE, 71. [Sax.] A dwelling. Gibson.
BYRE, n. A cow-house.
t BYS'SIN, or f BYS'SUS, n. [Gr. fivaaog-] A silk oi linen
hood Gower.
BYS'SlNE, a. Made of silk. Coles.
BYS'SO-LiTE, 7^. [Gr. §vor<TOi and \iOos.] A rare mineral,
occurring in very delicate filaments, short, flexible and
elastic.
BYS'SUS, 71. [L.] The asbestus is, by some, called by this
name.
BYZ'ANT, ) n. [from Byzantium.] A gold coin of the
BYZ'AN-TlNE, \ value of fifteen pounds sterling, so call-
ed from being coined at Byzantium.
BY-ZAN'TiNE, or BY-ZAN'TIAN, a. Pertaining to By-
zantium.
Cthe third letter in the English alphabet, and the second
J articulation or consonant, is a palatal, nearly corre-
sponding in sound with the Greek k, kappa.
In English, C has two sounds, or rather it represents two
very different articulations of the organs ; oiie close,
like k, v/hich occurs before a o and u ; the other, a sib-
ilant, precisely like s, which occurs before e, i and y.
As an abbreviature, C stands for Caius, Carolus, Ccesar, con-
demno, &,c., and CC for consiilibus. As a numeral, C
stands for 100, CC for 200, &c.— In music, C after the
cliff, is the mark of common time.
€AB, n. [Heb. Ch. 3(5 kab.] An oriental dry measure, con-
taining two pints and five sixths, English and American
corn measure.
€;A-BAL', 71. [Fr. cabale.] 1. A number of persons united
in some close design, usually to promote their private
views in church or state by intrigue. A junto. This
name was given to tlie ministry of Charles II., Clifford,
Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale, the ini-
tials of whose names compose the word. 2. Intrigue ;
secret artifices of a few men united in a close design.
Dryden.
€A-BAL', or €AB'A-LA, n. Tradition, or a mysterious
kind of science among Jev/ish rabbins, pretended to
have been delivered to the ancient Jews by revelation,
and transmitted by, oral tradition ; serving for the inter-
pretation of difficult passages of Scripture.
€A-BAL', V. i. To unite in a small party to promote private
views by intrigue , to intrigue.
€AB'A-LISM, 77. The secret science of the cabalists.
€AB'A-LIST, n. 1. A Jewish doctor who professes the
study of the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions.
— 2. In French commerce, a factor or agent.
CAB-A-LIST'IC, ) a. Pertaining to the cabala ; con-
€AB-A-LIST'1-€AL, \ taining an occult meaning.
€AB-A-LIST'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of the caba-
lists.
€AB'A-LTZE, v. i. To use the manner or language of the
cabalists. [JVot much used.]
€A-BAL'LER, n. One who unites vi'ith others in close de-
signs to effect an object by intrigue ; one who cabals.
€!AB'AL-LlNE,a. [L. caballinus.] Pertaining to a horse.
€A-BAL'LING, ppr. Uniting in a cabal ; intriguing in a
small party.
€AB'A-RET, n. [Fr.] A tavern.
€ABBA6E, n. [It. cappuccio.] A genus of plants, called,
in botany, brassica, of several species ; some of which
are cultivated for food.
€AB'BAGE, v. i. To form a head in growing.
€AB'BA6E, v. t. [D. kabassen,] To purloin or embezzle,
as pieces of cloth, after cutting out a garment. Arbuthnot.
€AB BA6E-NET, n. A small net to boil cabbage in.
€AB BA6E-TREE, n. The cabbage-palm, a species of areca,
the oleracea, a native of warm climates.
€AB'BA6E-W6RM, n. An insect. Johnson.
GAB'I-AJ, 71. An animal of S. America resembling a hog.
(3AB'IN, 71. [Fr. cabane.] 1. A small room ; an inclosed
place. 2. A cottage ; a hut, or small house. 3. A tent ;
a shed ; any covered place for a temporary residence. 4.
An apartment in a ship for officers and passengers
CAB'IN, v.i. To live in a cabin ; to lodge. Shak.
€AB'IN, V. t. To confine in a cabin. Shak.
€AB'IN-BOY, 71. A boy whose duty is to wait on the offi=
cers and passengers on board of a ship.
CAB'INED, pp. Inclosed ; covered. Milton.
€AB'I-NET, n. [Fr.] I. A closet ; a small room, or retired
apartment. 2. A private room, in which consultations are
held. 3. The select or secret council of a prince or exec-
utive government ; so called from the apartment in which
it was originally held. 4. A juece of furniture, consisting
of a chest or box, with draweis and doors. A private box.
5. Any close place where things of value are reposited for
safe keeping. 6. A hut ; a cottage ; a small house ; {obs.]
Spenser.
€AB'I-NET, v. t. To inclose. Howel. [Little used.]
€AB'I-NET-€OUN'CIL, n. 1. A council held with privacy j
the confidential council of a prince or executive magis-
trate. 2. The members of a privy council ; a select num-
ber of confidential counselors.
CAB'I-NET-ED, pp. Inclosed in a private apartment, or in
a cabinet.
€AB'I-NET-Ma'KER, 71. A man whose occupation is to
make cabinets, tables, bureaus, &c.
CAB'IN-MATE, n. One who occupies the same cabin with
another^ Beaumont.
€AB-I-Re'AN, 71. One of the Cabiri. Faber.
€A-BIR'I-AN, ^ a. Pertaining to the Cabiri, certain deities
€A-BIR'I€, > greatly venerated bj the ancient pagans
€AB-I-RIT'I€, ) in Greece and Pheittcia. Bryant. Faber.
€a'BLE, 71. [Sp,, Fr. cable.] A large, strong rope or chain,
used to retain a vessel at anchor.
€a'BLED, a. Fastened with a cable.
€AB'LET, 71. A little cable. Mar. Diet.
Ca'BLE-TIeR, n. The place where the cables are coiled
away. Mar. Diet.
€A-BOB', V. t. To roast meat in a certain mode.
CA-BOCHED, or €A-BoSHED, a. In heraldry, having the
head cut close, so as to have no neck left.
€A-BOOSE , 7?. [G. kabuse.] 1. The cook-room or kitchen
of a ship ; a fire-place or stove for cooking in a small ves-
sel. 2. A box that covers the chimney in a ship.
€AB'OS, 71. A species of eel-pout, about two feet long.
€AB'RI-OLE, ] n. [Fr. cabriolet.] A gig ; a one-horse
€AB'RI-0-LET, \ chair, a light carriage
€ABURE,7i. A Brazilian bird of the owl kind.
CAB URNS, 71. Small lines made of spun-yarn, to bind ca
bles, seize tackles, and the like.
€A'CAo, or Co'COA, (c5'co) n. The chocolate-tree, a spe
cies of the theobroma a native of the West Indies.
€A€-€OONS', 71. A plant, called, in botany, ^e7;iZiea.
€ACH'A-LOT, n. A cetaceous fish, the physeter, or sperma
ceti whale.
€ACHE, 71. [Fr.] A term used by traders and explorers in
the unsettled western country belonging to the United
States, for a hole dug in the ground, for the purpose of
preserving and concealing such provisions and commodi-
ties as it may be inconvenient to carry with them through-
out their journey. Lewis and Clark'' s Travels.
♦ See Synapsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in thia. f Obsolete
CAF
116
CAL
• €A-€HEX'Y, n. [Gr. mxe^ta.]
powers of the body ; a deranged s
A vicious state of the
state of the constitution
without fever or nervous disease
eA€H-IN-NA'TlON, n. [L. cachinnatio.] Loud laughter.
[Little used.]
€ACH'0-LONG, n A variety of chalcedony,
€A€K, V i. [L. caco.] To ease the body by stool.
€A€K'ER-EL, 71 A species of fish.
CA€'KLE, V. i. [D. kaakelen.'] 1. To make a particular
nuise, as alien. 2 To laugh with a broken noise, like
the cackling of a goose ; to giggle. 3. To prate ; to prat-
tle ; to tattli; ; to talk in a silly manner.
GAC'KLE, 71. 1. The broken noise of a goose or hen. 2.
Idle talk ; silly prattle.
CACKLER, 71. 1. A few. that cackles. 2. A telltale ; a
tattler.
GA€'KLING, p^r Making the noise of a goose or hen.
eA€'KLING, 71. The broken noise of a goose or hen.
eA€-0-€HYM'I€, \ a. Having the fluids of the body
eA€-0-eHYM'I-€AL, \ vitiated, especially the blood.
eA€'0-€HYM-Y, n. [Gr. KaKO'xyiua.'] A vicious state of
the vital humors, especially of the blood.
eA€-0-DK'MON, n. [Gr. /ca/coj and ijat/iwv.] An evil spkit.
eA€-0-E'THES, n. [Gr. KanonQEia.] 1. A bad custom or
habit ; a bad disposition. — 2. In medicine, an incurable
ulcer.
f€A-€OG'RA-PHY, n. Bad spelling.
eA-€OPH'0-NY, 71. [Gr. kukos and (l>wvri.] 1. In rhetoric,
an uncouth or disagreeable sound of words, proceeding
from the meeting of harsh letters or syllables. — 2. In med-
icine, a depraved voice ; an altered state of the voice. — 3.
In music, a combination of discordant sounds.
GA-Da'VER, 71. [L.] A corpse.
BA-DAVER-OUS, a. [L, cadaver.'] 1. Having the appear-
ance or color of a dead human body ; pale ; wan ; ghastly.
2. Having the qualities of a dead body.
GAD'DIS, 7*. A kind of tape or riband ; a kind of worm.
2. A kind of worm or grub found in a case of straw.
GAD'DoW, 77. A chough ; a jackdaw.
CAD'DY, 71. A small box for keeping tea.
eADE, a. Tame ; bred by hand ; domesticated ; as, a cade
la)nb.
CADE, V. t. To bring up or nourish by hand, or with ten-
derness ; to tame.
GADE, 77. [L. cadus.] A baiTel or cask.
£A'DE-OIL, 71. In the materia medica, an oil made of the
truit of the oxycedrus.
';ADE-W6R]VI, n. The same as caddis.
cJa'DEXCE, or €a'DEN-CY, n. [Fr. cadence ; Sp., Port.
cads}icia.] 1. A fall ; a decline ; a state of sinking. 2. A
fall of the voice in reading or speaking. 3. The general
lone of reading verse. 4. Tone ; sound. — 5. In music, re-
pose ; the termination of a harmonical phrase on a repose,
or on a perfect chord. — 6. In horsemanship, an equal
measure or proportion observed by a horse in all his mo-
tions. — 7. In heraldry, the distinction of families.
*. A'DENCE, V. t. To regulate by musical measure.
t I'DENCED, pp. or a. Having a particular cadence.
€ i-DENE', 71. A species of inferior carpet.
€a'DENT, a. [L. cadens.] Falling down ; sinking.
€A-DEN'ZA, 71. [It.] The fall or modulation of the voice in
singing.
€A-DET , n. [Fr. cadet ; It. cadetto.] 1. The younger or
youngest son. Brown. 2. A gentleman who carries arms
in a regiment, as a private man, with a view to acquire
military skill, and obtain a commission. 3. A young man,
in a military school.
€A-DEW', 71. A straw-woi-m. See Caddis
t€ADGE, V. t. To carry a bui-den. Ray.
•€ADG'ER. See Codger.
€AD gY, a. Cheerful ; merry after good eating and drink-
ing. Brockctt, JSTcrrth of Eng.
Ga'DI, n. In the Turkish dominions, a judge in civil affairs.
€A-DIL[LA€, 7i. A sort of pear. Johnson.
€AD-Me'AN, or €AD'MI-AN. a. Relating to Cadmus, a
reputed prince of Thebes, who introduced into Greece the
sixteen simple letters of the alphabet— a, 0, y, h, s, i, k,
\,^,v,o,-,g,a,T,v. These are called Cadvtean let-
ters.
€A1)'IVII-A, 77. An oxyd of zink which collects on the sides
of furnaces where zink is sublimed.
€!AD'MI-UM, n. A metal discovered in 1817.
€A-Du'CEUS, 71. [L.] In ancient mythology. Mercury's
rod, a wand entwisted by two serpents.
€A-DU'CI-TY, n. [L. caducus.] Tendency to fall. Chester-
field. [Little used.]
€A-Du'_eOUS, a. In botany, falling early.
t€A-DuKE', a. [OldFr.caeZMc.] Fleeting, or frail. Kickes.
CM CIAS, 71. [L.J A wind from the north-east.
C-^'RULE. Seed: RULE and Cerulean.
CiE-SA'RI-AN. See Cesarian.
C^-Su'RA. See Cesura.
€AF'FEIN, 71. A substance obtained from an infusion of
unroasted coffee, by treating it with the muriate of tin.
A Persian or Turkish vest or gar-
A small cask, or barrel.
CAF'TAN, n. [Persic.J
ment.
€AG, n. [Fr. caque ,• Dan. kag.]
It is generally written ke^.
CAGE, 77. [Fr. cage.] 1. A box or inclosure, for confining
birds or beasts. 2. An inclosure made with palisades for
confining wild beasts. 3. A prison for petty criminals. —
4. In carpentry, an outer work of timber, inclosing an-
other within it.
CAGE, V. t. To confine in a cage ,• to shut up, or confine
l>07l7ie.
Ca'GIT, 71. A beautiful green parrot of the Philippine isles.
CAG'U-1, 77. A monkey of Brazil, of two species.
Ca'IC, or CA'iaUE, 7i. [Fr.] A skiff belonging to a galley.
CAIL. See Kail.
CaITMAN. See Cayman.
CAIRN, 77. [Welsh, car?7 ] A heap of stones.
*Ca'IS-SON", or CAIS-SOON', 77. [Fr.] 1. A wooden chesl
into which several bombs are put, and sometimes gun-
powder. 2. A wooden frame or chest used in laying the
foundation of the pier of a bridge. 3. An ammunition
chest, or wagon.
CaI'TIFF, or CaI'TIF, 77. [It. cattivo.] A mean villain ; a
despicable knave.
CaI'TIFF, CaI'TIF, or CaI'TIVE, a. Base ; servile
S^e?7ser.
Cx4lJ'E-PUT, 77. An oil from the East Indies.
CA-JoLE', V. t. [Fr. cajoler.] To flatter ; to soothe : to
coax ; to deceive or delude by flattery.
CA-JoL'ER, 77. A flatterer ; a wheedler.
CA-JoL'ER-Y, 7!. Flattery ; a wheedling to delude.
CA-JoL'ING, ppr. Flattering ; wheedling ; deceiving.
CA-Jo'TA, 77. A Mexican animal resembling a wolf and a
dog.
CAKE, 77. [D. koek.] 1. A small mass of dough baked ; or
a composition of flour, butter, sugar, or other ingredients,
baked in a small mass. 2. Something in the form of a
cake, rather flat than high, but roundish. 3. A mass of
matter concreted ; as, a cake of ice. 4. A hard swelling
on the flesh, or a concretion.
CAKE, V. t.To form into a cake or mass.
CAKE, V. i. To concrete, or form into a hard mass.
fCAKE, V. i. To cackle, Ray.
CAL'A-BASH, ?7. [Sp. calahaia,] 1. A vessel made of a
dried gourd-shell, or of the shell of a calabash-tree. 2. A
popular name of the gourd-plant, or cuciirUta.
CAL'A-BASH-TREE, 77. A tree of two species, known, in
botany, by the generic name crescentia.
CA-LaDE', 77, The slope or declivity of a rising manege
ground.
CA-La'ITE, 77. A name given to the turquois ; which see
CAL-A-MANC'O, 77. [Fr. callimanque.] A woolen stuff, of
a fine gloss, and checkered in the warp.
CAL'A-MAR, 77. [Sp.] An animal having an oblong body
and ten legs.
CAL'AM-BAC, n. [Sp. calambuco.} Aloes-wood, xyloe
aloes, a drug.
CAL'AM-BOUR, 77. A species of the aloes-wood.
CAL-A-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing plants having a long
hollow, knotted stem.
CAL'A-MINE, or CAL'A-MIN, 77. Lapis calaminaris, or
cadmia fossilis ; an ore of zink.
CAL'A-MINT, 77. [L. calamintha.] An aromatic plant, a
species of melissa, or baum.
t CAL'A-MIS-TRATE, v.t. To curl or frizzle the hair.
tCAL-A-MIS-TRA'TION, 77. The act of curling the hair.
CAL A-MIT, 77. [L. calanms.] A mineral.
CA-LAM'I-TOUS, a. [Fr. calamiteux.] 1. Very miserable ;
involved in deep distress ; oppressed with infelicity ;
wretched from misfortiine. 2. Producing distress and mis-
ery ; making wretched. 3. Full of misery ; distressful ;
wretched.
CA-LAM'I-TOTJS-LY, adv. In a manner to bring great dis-
€A-LAM'I-TOUS-NESS, 77. Deep distress ; wretchedness ;
misery ; the quality of producing misery.
CA-LAM'I-TY, 77. [L. calamitas.] Any great misfortune,
or cause of misery.
CAL'A-MLTS, 7i. [L.] 1. The ge-neric name of the Indian
cane, called also rotang. — ^2. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula,
a wind instrument, made of a reed or oaten stalk. 3. A
rush or reed used anciently as a pen to write on parch-
ment or papyrus. 4. A sort of reed, or sweet-scented
cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. 5. The sweet flag.
CA-LAN'DRA, 77, A species of lark.
CA-LAN'DRE, or CAL'AN-DER, 77 The French name of
a species of insect of the beetle kind.
CA-LAN'GAY, 77, A species of white parrot. Ash.
CA-LASH', 77. [Fr. caleche.] 1. A light chariot or carriage
with very low wheels. 2. A cover for the head, used by
ladies.
CALC'AR, 77. In glass-works, a kind of oven.
CALC'AR-ATE, a. [L. calcar.] Furnished with a spur.
CAL-Ca'RI-O-SUL'PHU-ROUS, a. Having lime and sul
phur in combination, or partaking of both.
<^ Sm Synopsis, A, E, T, 5, U, Y, Ipng.^FAJi, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD j— f Obsolete
CAL
117
CAL
eAL-€S'RI-OUS, a. [L. calcarius.] Partaldng of the na-
ture of lime ; having the qualities of lime.
€AL eA-VAL'LA, n. A kind of sweet wine from Portugal.
€AL'CE-A-TED, a. [L. calceatus.] Shod ; fitted with or
wearing shoes.
€AL'C£-DON, n. With jewelers, a foul vein, like chalce-
dony. [See Chalcedony.] ^sh.
€AL-CE-DON'I€, or €AL-CE-Do'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to
or resembling chalcedony.
GAL'CE-DO-NY. See Chalcedony, the more correct or-
thography.
€AL-CIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing calx or lime.
€ AL'CI-FORM, a. In the form of calx.
CAL-CI-Mu'RITE, n. A species of earth, of the muriatic
genus, of a blue or olive-green color.
CAL-CIN'A-BLE, a. That may be calcined ; capable of be-
ing reducied to a friable state by the action of fire.
CAL CI-NATE, v. t. To calcine.
€AL-CI-Na'TION, n. 1. The operation of expelling from a
substance, by heat, some volatile matter with which it is
combined, and thus reducing it to a friable state. 2. The
operation of reducing a metal to an oxyd, or metallic calx.
« CAL'Cl-NA-TO-RY, n. A vessel used in calcination.
CAL'CINE, or CAL-ClNE', v. t. [Fr. calciner.] 1. To
reduce a substance to a powder, or to a friable state. 2.
To oxydize, as a metal ; to reduce to a metallic calx. 3.
To dissolve.
♦ CAL'CINE, V. i. To be converted into a powder or friable
substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat.
t CAL'CI-TRATE, i;. i. [Pr.' calcitrer.] To kick ; to spurn.
f CAL-CI-TRa'TION, n. The act of kicking. Ross.
€AL'CI-UM, n. The metallic basis of lime.
€AL-€0-GRAPH I-CAL, a. Pertaining to calcography.
€AL-€OG'RA-PHY, n. [L. calx, and Gr. ypacpu).] An en-
graving in the likeness of chalk.
€AL€'-SIN-TER, n. Stalactitic carbonate of lime.
CALC'-TUFF, n. An alluvial formation of carbonate of
limt.
CAL'CU-LA-BLE, a. That may be calculated, or ascertain-
ed by calculation.
€AL'eU-LA-RY, n. FL. calculus.] A congeries of little
stony knots dispersed through the parenchyma of the pear
and other fruits, formed by concretions of the sap.
€AL'eU-LA-RY, a. Relating to the disease called the
sto7ie.
€AL'eU-LATE, v. t. [Fr. calculer.] 1. To compute ; to
reckon. 2. To ascertain by the use of tables or numbers.
3. To form tables upon mathematical principles, as loga-
rithms. 4. To compute the situation of the planets at a
certain time, for astrological purposes. 5. To adjust by
computation ; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of the
means to the end. Tillotson.
€AL'€U-LATE, v. i. To make a computation. — In popular
use, this word is often equivalent to intend or purpose,
that is, to niake arrangements, and form a plan ; as, a
man calculates to go a journey.
€AL CU-L A-TED, pp. Computed ; reckoned ; suited ;
adapted by design.
€AL'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Computing ; reckoning ; adapting
by designj adjusting.
CAL-CU-La'TION, n. 1. The art, practice or manner of
computing by numbers. 2. The result of an arithmetical
operation •, computation ; reckoning. 3. Estimate formed
in the mind by comparing the various circumstances and
facts which influence its determination.
€ALCU-LA-TiVE, a. Pertaining to calculation 5 tending
to calculate.
CALCU-LA-TOR, ti. One who computes or reckons.
CAL'eU-LA-TO-RY, a. Belonging to calculation.
t CAL'CULE, n. Reckoning ; computation.
tCAL'CULE, v.t. To calculate. Chaucer.
CAL'CU-LOUS, a. 1. Stony ; gritty ; hard, like stone.
2. Affected with the gravel or stone.
€AL'eU-LUS, n. [L.] 1. The stone in the bladder or kid-
neys. — 2. In mathematics, differential calculus isthe arith-
metic of the infinitely small differences of variable quan-
tities.
CAL'DRON, (cawl'dron) n. [Old Fr. chauldron, now chau-
'dron.] A large kettle or boiler.
CALECHE. See Calash.
CAL-E-Do'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Caledonia.
CAL-E-DO'NI-AN, n. A native of Caledonia, now Scot-
land.
€AL-E-Fa'CIENT, a. Warming ; heating.
<:;AL-E-Fa'CIENT, n. That which warms or heats.
CAL-E-F ACTION, n. [L. calefactio.] 1, The act or op-
eration of warming or heating. 2. The state of being
heated.
CAL-E-F ACTIVE, ) a. That makes warm or hot : that
CAL-E-FACTO-RY, ] communicates heat.
CAL'E-FY, v. i. [L. calefic] To grow hot or warm •, to be
heated.
€AL'E-FY, V. t. To make warm or hot.
€AL'EN-DAR, n. [L. calendarium.] 1. A register of the
year, in which the months, weeks and days ait set down
in order, with the feasts observed jy the church, <Scc. •, an
almanac. 2. A list of prisoners in the custody of the
sheriff. 3. An orderly table or enumeration of persons or
things. — Calendar-month, a solar month as it stands in al-
manacs.
€AL'EN-DAR, v. t. To enter or write in a calendar.
€AL'EN-DER, v. t. [Fr. calendrer.] To press between roll-
ers, for the purpose of making smooth, glossy and wavy.
CAL'EN-DER, n. A machine, or hot press, used in manu-
factories to press cloths.
CAL'EN-DER, or KAL'EN-DER, n. The name of a sort of
dervises in Turkey and Persia.
CAL'EN-DRER, n. The person who calenders cloth.
CAL'ENDS, n. plu. [L. calendce.] Among the Romans, the
first day of each month.
CAL'EN-TORE, 7i. [Sp. calentura.] A violent, ardent fe-
ver, incident to persons in hot climates, especially natives
of cooler climates.
CALF, (caf) n.; plu. Calves, (cavz) [Sax. cealfj Sw
kalf; Dan. kalv ; D. kalf.] 1. The young of the cow.- ■
2. In contempt, a dolt ; an ignorant, stupid person ; a
weak or cowardly man. 3. The thick, fleshy part of the
leg behind. — 4. The calves of the lips, in Hosea, signify
the pure offerings of prayer, piaise and thanksgiving.
Brown.
€ALF'-LIKE, a. Resembling a calf. Shak.
CALF'-SKIN, n. The hide or skin of a calf; or leather
made of the skin.
CAL'I-BER, M. [Fr.] 1. The diameter of a body. 2. The
bore of a gun, or the extent of its bore. — Calihcr-compassts,
calibers, or callipers, a sort of compasses made with arched
legs, to take the diameter of round bodies, as masts, shot,
&c.
€AL'I-BRE, n. A sort or kind ; a figurative meaning of the
preceding word. Burke.
CAL'iCE, n. [L. calix ; Fr. calice.] Usually written chalice.
A cup -, appropriately, a communion cup.
CAL'I-CO, n. [from Calicut, in India.] Cotton cloth. — In
England, white or unprinted cotton cloth is called calico.
—In the United States, calico is printed cotton cloth, hav-
ing not more than two colors.
CAL'I-€0-PRINT'ER, n. One whose occupation is to print
calicoes.
CAL'ID, a. [L. calidus.] Hot ; burning ; ardent.
CA-LID'I-TY, n. Heat. Brown.
€AL'I-DU€T, n. Among the ancients, a pipe or canal used
to convey heat from a furnace to the apartments of a
house.
Ca'LIF, n. written also Caliph and Kahf. [from Ar.
calafa, to succeed. Hence a calif is a successor, a title
given to the successors of Mohammed.] A successor or
vicar ; a representative of Mohammed, bearing the same
relation to him as the pope pretends to bear to St. Peter.
€AL'IF-ATE, CAL'IPH-ATE, Ca'LIPH-SHIP, or KAL'IF
ATE, n. The office or dignity of a calif; or the govern
ment of a calif. Harris.
€AL-I-Ga'TION, n. [L. caligatio.] Darkness ; dimness ;
cloudiness.
CA-Ll6'IN-OUS, a. Dim ; obscure ; dark.
CA-LI6'IN-0US-NESS, n. Dimness ; obscurity.
€AL-I-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to elegant penmanship
Wart on.
CA-LIG'RA-PHY, ) n. [Gr. K-aAXtypa^ta.] Fair or elegant
€AL-LIG'RA-PHY, ) writing, or penmanship.
Ca'LIN, n. A compound metal of the Chinese.
CAl'i-PEE^' I ''^' '^^^^^^ of cookery in dressing a turtle.
€AL'I-VER, n. A kind of hand-gun, musket, or arquebuse.
Shak.
Ca'LIX, n. [L. calix.] I. A cup. 2. The membrane which
covers the papillce in the pelvis.
CALK, (cawk) v. t. I. To drive oakum, or old ropes un-
twisted, into the seams of a ship or other vessel, to pre-
vent their leaking, or admitting water. — 2. In some parts
of Amenca, to set upon a horse or ox shoes armed with
sharp points of iron, to prevent their slipping on ice.
CALK, (cawk) n. In JVew England, a sharp-pointed piece
of iron on a shoe for a horse or an ox, called, in Great
Britain, calkin ; used to prevent the animal from slipping.
CALK'ER, (cawk'er) n. A man who calks.
CALKED, (cawkt) pp. Having the seams stopped ; furnish-
ed with shoes with iron points.
CALK'IN, (cawk'in) n. A calk.
CALK'ING, (cawk'ing) j>pr. Stopping the seams of a ship ;
putting on shoes with iron points.
CALK'ING, (cawk'ing) n. In painting, the covering of the
back side of a design with black lead, or red chalk, and
tracing lines through on a waxed plate, which leaves an
impression of the color on the plate or wall.
CALK'ING-I-RON, (cawk'ing-i-urn) n. An instrument like
a chisel, used 'n calking ships.
CALL, V. t. [L. calo.] 1. To name ; to denominate, or
give a name. 2, To convoke ; to summon ; to direct or
* See Synopsis . Mft>VH . BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this t Obsolete.
CAJL
118
CAM
Older to meet ; to assemble by order or public notice. 3.
To request to meet or come. 4. To invite. 5. To invite
or summon to come or be present ; to invite, or collect.
6. To give notice to come by authority ; to command to
come. 7. To proclaim ; to name, or publish the name.
8. To appoint, or designate, as for an office, duty, or em-
ployment. 9. To invite ; to warn : to exhort. 10. To
invite or draw into union with Christ. 11. To own
and acknowledge. 12. To invoke or appeal to. 13. To
esteem or account.
To call down, to invite, or to bring down.— Tc; call back, to
revoke, or retract ; to recall ; to summon, or bring back. —
To call for, to demand, require or claim ; or to cause to
grow. Also, to speak for ; to ask ; to request.— To cull
in, to ci)llect ; or to draw from circulation, or to summon
together •, to invite to come together.— 7'o call forth, to
bring or summon to action. — To call off, to summon away j
to divert.— To call up, to bring into view or recollection -,
also, to bring into action, or discussion. — To call over, to
read a list, name by name ; to recite separate particulars
in order.— 7*0 call out, to summon to fight ; to challenge ;
also, to summon into service. — To call to mind, to recol-
lect 5 to revive in memory.
€ALL. V. i. 1. To utter a loud sound, or to address by
name ; to utter the name. 2. To stop, without intention
of staying ; to make a short stop.— 7'o call on, to make
a short visit to •, also, to solicit payment, or make a de-
mand of a debt.— In a theological sense, to pray to, or
worship.— To call out, to utter a loud voice ; to bawl •, a
popular use of the phrase.
€ALL, n. 1. A \?ocal address, of summons or invitation. 2.
Demand ; requisition •, public claim. 3. Divine vocation,
or summons. 4. invitation ; request of a public body or
society. 5. A summons from heaven ; impulse, b'. Au-
thority ; command. 7. A short visit ; as, to make a call.
8. Vocation ; employment. 9. A naming ; a nomination.
10. Among hunters, a lesson, blown on the horn, to com-
fort tiie hounds. — 11. Among seamen, a whistle or pipe. 12.
The English name of the mineral called by the Germans
tungsten ox wolfram. — 13. Among /yjoZers, the noise or cry
of a°fowl, or a pipe to call birds, by imitating their voice. —
14. In legislative bodies, the call of the house, is a calling
over the names of the members, to discover who is absent,
or for other purpose.
€ALLED, pp. Invited ; summoned ; addressed ; named ;
appointed ; invoked ; assembled by order ; recited.
CALL'ER, n. One who calls.
t €AL'LET, or f €AL'LAT, n. A trull, or a scold. Skak.
t CAL'LET, V. i. To rail ; to scold.
|€ALLI-€0. See Calico.
CAL-LID'I-TY, n. [L. calliditas.] Craftiness. Cockeram.
€AL-LIG'RA-PHY. See Caligraphy. B. Jonson.
€ALL ING, ppr. Inviting ; summoning ; naming ; address-
ing ; invoking.
€ALL'ING, n. 1. A naming, or inviting; a reading over
or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to ob-
tain an answer, as in legislative bodies. 2. Vocation ;
profession ; trade ; usual occupation, or employment. 3.
Class of persons engaged in any profession or employ-
ment. 4. Divine summons, vocation, or invitation.
€AL'LI-0-PE, 71. In pagan mythology, the muse that pre-
sides over eloquence and heroic poetry.
€AL'LI-PERS. See Caliber.
€AL-LOS'I-TY, n. [Fr. callosite.'] Hardness, or bony hard-
ness ; the hardness of the cicatrix of ulcers.
CAL'LOT. See Calotte.
€AL'LOUS, a. [L. callus.'] 1. Hard ; hardened ; indurat-
ed. 2. Hardened in mind ; insensible ; unfeeling.
€AL'LOUS-LY, adv. In a hardened or unfeeling manner.
eAL'LOTJS-NESS, n. Hardness, induration, applied to the
body ^ insensibility, applied to the mind or heart.
CAL'LoW, a. [Ir. calbk ; L. calvus.] Destitute of feath-
ers ; naked ; unfledged ; as a young bird.
€AL'LUS, 71. [L.] Any cutaneous, corneous or bony hard-
ness, but generally the new growth of osseous matter, be-
tween the extremities of fractured bones, serving to unite
them ; also, a hardness in the skin.
€ALM, (cam) a. [Fr. calme.] 1. Still ; quiet ; being at
rest, as the air 5 not stormy or tempestuous. 2. Undis-
turbed ; not agitated. 3. Undisturbed by passion ; not
agitated or excited ; quiet ; tranquil ; as the mind, tem-
per, or attention.
CALM, (cam) n. Stillness •, tranquillity ; quiet ; freedom
from motion, agitation, or disturbance.
CALM, (cam) v. t. To still ; to quiet ; as the wind, or ele-
ments -, to still, appease, allay or pacify, as the mind,
or passions.
CALM'ER, (cam'er) n. The person or thing that calms, or
has the power to still, and make quiet ; that which allays
or pacifies.
CALM'ING, (cam'ing) ppr. Stilling ; appeasing.
CAl M'LY, (cajn'ly) adv. In a quiet manner ; without
disturbance, agitation, tumult, or violence ; without pas-
sion ; quietly.
CALM'NESS, (cam'nes) n. 1. Quietness; stillness ; tran-
quillity. 2. Quietness ; mildness ; unruffled state.
CALJVI'Y, (cam'y) a. Calm ; quiet; peaceable. Cowley.
€?AL'0-MEL, 71. A preparation of mercury, much used in
medicine.
CA-LOR I€, 71. [L. calor, heat.] The principle or matter
of heat, or the simple element of heat.
€A-LOR'I€, a. Pertaining to the matter of heat.
€AL-0-RIF'ie, a. That has the quality of producing heat ;
causing heat ; heating.
€AL-0-RIM'E-TER, n. [L. calor, and Gr. nerpov.] An ap-
paratus for measuring relative quantities of heat, or the
specific caloric of bodies.
€AL'0-RI-MO-TOR, 71. [caloric, and li motor.} A galvan-
ic instrument, in which the calorific influence or effects
are attended by scarcely any electrical power.
CA-LOTTE', or CA-LoTE', n. [Fr. calotte.] A cap or coif
of hair, satin or other stuff.
€A-LOY'ERS, or CALOGERI, n. Monks of the Greek
church, of three orders.
€ALP, n. A subspecies of carbonate of lime.
CAL'TROP, n. [Sax. coltrceppe.] 1. A kind of thistle, the
Latin tribulus. 2. In military affairs, an instrument with
four iron points disposed in a triangular form, so that, three
of them being on the ground, the other pomts upward, to
wound horses' feet.
CAL'U-MET, 91. Among the aboriginals of America, a pipe
used for smoking tobacco.
CA-LUM'NI-ATE, v. t. To accuse or charge one falsely
and knowingly with some crime, offense, or something
disreputable ; to slander.
CA-EUM'NI-ATE, v. i. To charge falsely and knowingly
with a crime or offense ; to propagate evil reports with a
design to injure the reputation of another.
€A-LUM'NI-A-TED, pp. Slandered ; falsely and malicious-
ly accused of what is criminal, immoral or disgraceful.
CA-LUM'NI-A-TIIMG, ppr. Slandering.
CA-LUM-NI-a'TION, n. False accusation of a crime or of-
fense, or a malicious and false representation of the words
or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name.
€A-LUM'NI-A-T0R, n. One who slanders ; one who ma-
liciously propagates false accusations or reports.
€A-LUM'NI-A-T0-RY, a. Slanderous.
CA-LUM'NI-OUS, a. Slanderous ; bearing or implying cal-
umny ; injurious to reputation.
€A-LUM'NI-0US-LY, adv. Slanderously.
CA-LUM'NI-OUS-NESS, n. Slanderousness.
CAL'UM-NY, n. [L. calumnia.] Slander ; false accusation
of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported.
CAL'VA-RY, n. [L. calvaria.] 1. A place of skulls ; par-
ticularly, the place where Christ was crucified.— 2. In her-
aldry, a cross so called, set upon steps.
CALVE, (cav) v. i. [Sax. calfian.] 1. To bring forth young,
as a cow. — 2. In a metaphorical sense, to bring forth ; to
produce.
CALVES'-SNOUT, n. A plant, snap-dragon, antirrhinuvi
fCALVER, V. t. To cut in slices. B. Jonson.
JCALV'ER, V. i. To shrink by cutting, and not fall to
pieces.
CAL'VILLE, n. [Fr.] A sort of apple.
CAL'VIN-ISM, n. The theological tenets or doctrines of
Calvin.
€AL'VIN-IST, 71. A follower of Calvin ; one who em-
braces the theological doctrines of Calvin .
€AL-VIN-IST'I€, ) a. Pertaining to Calvin, or to his
CAL-VIN-IST'I-CAL, \ opinions in theology.
CALVISH, (c'av'ish) a. Like a calf. [More properly, calf-
ish.] Sheldon.
CALX, n. ; plu. Calxes, or Calces. [L.] Properly, lime
or chalk ; but more appropriately, the substance of a metal
or mineral which remains after being subjected to violent
heat, or solution by acids.
€A-LYC'I-NAL, } a. Pertaining to a calyx ; situated on a
CAL'Y-CINE, ^ calyx.
CAL'Y-CLE, 71. [L. calyculus.] In botany, a row of small
leaflets, at the base of the calyx, on the outside.
CA-LYC'U-LATE, or CAL'Y-CLED, a. Having a calycle
at the base on the outside.
€A-LYP'TER, n. [Gr. KaXvTTTvp.] The calyx of mosses, ac-
cording to Linne
Ca'LYX, 71. ; plu. Calyxes. [L. calyx,] The outer cov-
ering of a flower.
CAL-ZOONS', n. [Sp, cahones.] Drawei-s. [J\rot Eng-
lish.] Herbert.
CA-Ma'IEU. See Cameo.
CAM'BER, 71. [Fr. cambrer.] Among builders, camber or
camber-beam is a piece of timber cut archwise, used in
platforms.
CAM'BER-ING, ppr. or a. Bending; arched.
CAM'BIST, n. [It. cambista.] A banker ; one who deals
in notes and bills of exchange. Christ. Obs.
CAMB'LET. See Camlet.
CaM'BRIC, 71. A species of fine white linen, made of flax,
♦ See Synopsis, A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD •,— t Obsolete
CAM
119
CAN
said to be named from Cambray, in Flanders, where it was
first mai.ufactured.
CAME, pret. of come, which see.
t/AME, n. A slender rod of cast lead, of which glaziers
make their turned lead.
€AM'EL, n. [L. cameius.] 1. A large quadruped used in
Asia and Africa for carrying burdens, and for riders. 2.
In Holland, camel, [or kameel, as Coxe writes it,] is a
machine for lifting ships.
€AiVl'EL-BA€KED, a. Having a back like a camel.
€A-Me'LE-ON MIN'E-RAL [See Chameleon.] A com-
pound of pure potash and black oxyd of manganese.
* €AM'EL-0-PAIlD, n. [L. camelus and pardalis.] The
giraff, a species constituting the genus camelopardalis.
€AM'E-LOT. See Camlet.
€AM'E-0, €A-Ma'1FU, or €A-Ma'YEU, n. [It. cammeo ;
Fr. camayeu.] A peculiar sort of onyx.
€AM'E-RA 0K-S€U'RA, or dark chamber, in optics, an
apparatus representing an artificial eye, in which the
images of external objects, received through a double con-
vex glass, are exhibited distinctly, and in their native
colors, on a white matter, placed within the machine, in
the focus of the glass.
€AM'E-RADE, n. [L. camera.] One who lodges or resides
in the same apartment 5 now comrade.
€AM-ER-A-LIS'TI€, a. Pertaii^g to finance and public
revenue.
€AM-ER-A-LIS'TI€S, n. [G. earner alist.] The science of
finance, or public revenue.
€AM'ER- ATE, w. t. [L. camero.J To vault; to ceil. [L.u.]
€AM'ER-A-TED, a. [L. earner atus.] Arched ; vaulted.
€AM-ER-A'TION, n. An arching at vaulting.
€AM'IS, n. [It. camice.~\ A thin dress. [JVot English.]
€AM-IS-aDE', 71. [Fr.] An attack by surprise, at night or
at break of day, when the enemy is supposed to be in bed.
€AM'IS-A-TED, a. Dressed with a shirt outwards. Johnson.
CAM'LET, n. [from camel ; sometimes written camelot
and camblet.] A stuflT originally made of camel's hair.
It is now made sometimes of wool, sometimes of sUk,
sometimes of hair, especially that of goats, with wool or
silk.
€AM'LET-ED, a. Colored or veined. Herbert.
€AM'MO€, n. [Sax. cammoc, or cammec] A plant, petty
whin or jest-harrow, ononis.
€AM'0-MlLE, 71. [Fr. camomille.] A genus of plants, an-
themis, of many species.
€AM'OUS,or€A-MOYS',a. [Fr. camus.] Flat ; depressed ;
applied only to the nose, and little used,
CAM'OLTSED, a. Depressed ; crooked. Ben Jonson.
€AM'OUS-LY, adv. Awry. Skelton.
Cx'^MP, 71. [L. campus; Fr. camp and champ. \ 1. The
ground on which an army pitch their tents. 2. The order
or arrangement of tents, or disposition of an army, for
rest. 3. An army. Hume.
€AMP, V. t. or i. To rest or lodge, as an army, usually
in tents ; to pitch a camp 5 to fix tents : but seldom tised.
See Encamp.
€AMP'-FlGHT, n. In law writers, a trial by duel, or the
legal combat of two champions.
€AM-PaIGN', ) (kam-pane') n. [Fr. campagne.] 1. An
€AM-PaIN', \ open field ; a large, open plain ; an ex-
tensive tract of ground without considerable hills. [See
Champaign.] 2. The time that an army keeps the field,
either in action, marches, or in camp, without entermg
into winter quarters.
€AM-PaIGN', v. i. To serve in a campaign.
€AM-PaIGN'ER, (kam-pa'ner) n. One who has served in
an ariny several campaigns ; an old soldier ; a veteran.
€AM-Pa'NA, n. [L.] The pasque-flower.
€AM-Pa'NI-A. The same as campaign.
€AM-PAN'I-F0RM, a. [L. campana.] In the shape of a
bell ; applied to flowers.
CAM-PA-NOL'O-GY, n. [L. campana.] The art of ringing
bells.
€AM-PAN'U-LA,w. [L.J The bell-flower.
€AM-PAN'U-LATE, a. f L. campanula.] In the form of a
bell. _
€Aai-PKACH'Y-WOOD, n. From Campeachy, in Mexico.
See Logwood.
€AM-PES'TRAL, ) a. [L. campestris.] Pertaining to an
€AM-PES'TRI-AN, \ open field ; growmg in a field or
open ground.
CAM'PHOR, n. properly cafor. [Low L. camphora ; Fr.
camphre.] A solid, concrete juice or exudation, from the
laurus camphora, or Indian laurel-tree. It has a bitterish,
aromatic taste, and a very fragrant smell, and is a power-
ful diaphoretic.
CAM'PHOR, V. t. To impregnate or wash with camphor.
[Little used.]
€AM'PHO-RATE, n. In chemistry, a compound of the acid
of camphor, with dhferent bases.
eAM'PHO-RATE, a Pertaining to camphor, or impreg-
nated with it.
€AM'PHO-RA-TED, a. Impregnated with camphor.
€AM-PHOR'I€, a. Pertaining to camphor.
€AM'PHOR-OIL. See Camphok-tree.
€AM'PHOR-TREE, 7i. The tree from whicti camphor u
obtained, found in Borneo and Japan.
€AM-PIL'LA, n. A plant of a new genus, used by dyers.
CAMP'ING, ppr. Encamping.
CAMPTNG, n. A playing at football. Bryant.
€AMP'I-ON, 71. A platit, the popular name of the lychnis.
■CAM'US, or€AM'IS, 71. [L. cainisa.] A thin dress. [J\'bi
English.] Spenser.
CAN, 71. [D.kan; Sax. ca7i7ia.J A cup or vessel for liquors
CAN, V. i. pret. could, which is from another root. [See
Could.] [Sax. cumian. to know, to be able ; Dan. kan,
to be able.] To be able ; to have sufficient mora' or
physical power, or capacity.
fCAN, w. t. To know. Spenser.
CAN'- BUOY, n. In seamanship, a buoy in form of a cone.
CAN'-HOOK, 71. An instrument to sling a cask by the ends
of its staves
CA.-NAiDI-AN,a. Pertaining to Canada.
€A-Na'D1-AN, n. An inhabitant or native of Cai.ada.
CA-NaILLE', 77. [¥v. canaille.] Tlie coarser part of meal-,
hence, the lowes't people ; lees ; dregs ; oflscouring.
CAN'A-KIN, 71. A little can or cup. Shak.
€A-NAL', 71. [L. canalis.] 1. A passage for water; a
water-course ; properly, a long trench or excavation in
the earth for conducing water, and confining it to narrow
Ihnits ; but the term may be applied to other water-
courses.— 2. In anatomy, a duct or passage in the body of
an animal, through which any of the juices floW; or other
substances pass. 3. A surgical instrument ; a splint.
* CA-NAL'-CoAL. See Cannel-coal.
Cx\N-A-LIC'U-LATE, ) a. [L. canaliculatus.] Channel-
€AN-A-Lie'U-LA-TED, \ ed ; furrowed. In botany,
having a deep longitudinal groove above, and convex un-
derneath.
€A-Na'RY, 7i. 1. Wine made in the Canary isles. 2. An
old dance. — Shakspeare has used the word as a vc7-b in a
kind of cant phrase.
€A-Na'RY, v. i. To dance ; to frolic.
€A-NA'RY-BiRD, n. A singing bird from the Canary isles,
a species offringilla.
€A-Na'RY-GR&SS,71. a plant, the phalaris.
€AN'CEL, V. t. [Fr. canceller.] 1. To cross the lines of a
writing, and deface tliem ; to" blot out or obliterate. 2.
To annul, or destroy ; as, to cancel an obligation or a debt.
tCAN'CEL, V. i. To become obliterated. Cowley.
€AN'CE-LA-TED, a. [L. cancellatus.] Cross-barred ; mark-
ed with cross lines.
€AN-CE-La'T10N, 71. The act of defacing by cross lines ;
a canceling.
€AN'CELED, pp. Crossed ; obliterated ; annulled.
CAN'CEL-ING, ppr. Crossing ; obliterating ; annulling.
CAN'CER, 71. [L. cancer ; Sax. cancre.] 1. The crab, or
crab-fish.— 2. In astronomy, one of the twelve signs of
the zodiac, the sign of the summer solstice, represented
by the form of a crab. — 3. In medicine, a roundish, hard,
unequal, scirrous tumor of the glands, which usually ul-
cerates, is very painful, and generally fatal.
€AN'CER-ATE, 7;. i. To grow into a cancer ; to become
cancerous.
€AN-CER-a'TION, 71. A growing cancerous, or into a
cancer.
eAN'CER-OUS, a. Like a cancer ; having the qualities of
a cancer.
CAN'CER-OUS-NESS, n. The state c,f being cancerous.
€AN'eRI-FORM, a. 1., Cancerous. 2. Having the form
of a cancer or crab.
€AN'€RiNE, a. Having the qualities of a crab.
CAN'CRITE, n. A fossil or petrified crdD.
€AN'DENT, a. [L. candsns.] Very hot ; heated to white-
ness ; glowing with heat.
CAN'DI-CANT, a. Growing white. Diet.
CAN'DID, a. [L. candidus.] 1. White. Dryden. [But in
this sense rarely ^ised.] 2. Fair ; open ; frank ; ingenu-
ous • free from undue bias ; disposed to think and judge
according to truth and justice, or without partiality or
prejudice. 3. Fair ; just ; impartial.
CAN'DIDATE, n. [L. candidatus.] 1. A man who seeks
or asph-es to an office. 2. One who is in contemplation
for an office, or for preferment. 3. One who, by his ser-
vices or actions, will or may justly obtain preferment or
reward, or whose conduct tends to secure it. 4. A man
who is qualified, according to the rules of the church, to
preach the gospel, and take the charge of a parish or reli-
gious society, and proposes to settle in the ministry. U.
States. 5. One who is in a state of trial or probation.
f CAN'DI-DATE, v. t. To render fit as a candidate. Felt-
ham. . ,
€AN'DID-LY, adv. Openly ; frankly ; without trick or
disguise ; ingenuously. .
€AN'DID-NESS, n Openness of mind ; frankness ; fair-
ness ; ingenuousness. .
€AN'DIED, pi7. or a. Preserved with sugar, or mcrustea
See Syn^ypsis MC VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this t Obsolete
CAN
120
CAN
with it ; covered with crystals of sugar or ice, or with
matter resembling them.
€AN'DI-F^, V. t. To make white, or candid.
€AN'DI-FY, V. i. To become candid.
€AN'DLE,?i. [L.,Sp., It., ca?i«feZa.] 1. A long, but small
cylindrical body of tallow, wax or spermaceti, formed on
a wick, used for a portable light of domestic use. 2. A
light. 3. A light ; a luminary.
CANDLE-BER-RY-TREE, n. The myrica cerifera, or
wax-bearing myrtle.
€AxV'DLE-B6MB, n. A small glass bubble, filled with wa-
ter, placed in the wick of a candle, where it bursts with
a report.
CAN DLE-HOLD-ER, n. A person that holds a candle.
eAN'DLE-LlGHT, n. The light of a candle ; the necessary
candles for use.
CAN'DLE-MAS, n. [candle and inass ; Sax. mcessa ; can-
dle-feast.] The feast of the church, celebrated on the sec-
ond day of February, in honor of the purification of the
Virgin Mary ; so called from the great number of hghls
used on that occasion.
€AN'DLE-STI€K, n. [Sax. candel-sticca.] An mstrument
or utensil to hold a candle.
€AN'DLE-STUFF, n. A material of which candles are
made, as tallow, wax, &c.
€AN'DLE-WaS'TER, 11. One who wastes or consumes
candles ; a hard student ; a spendthrift. Shale.
€AN'DLE$-ENDS, n. Scraps ; fragments.
€AN'DO€, n. A plant or weed that grows in rivers.
€AN'DOR, n. [L. candor.] Openness of heart ; frankness ;
ingenuousness of mind ; a disposition to treat subjects
with fairness ; freedom from tricks or disguise ; sincerity.
GAN'DY, t;. t. [It. candire.] 1. To conserve or dress with
sugar ; to boil in sugar. 2. To form into congelations or
crystals. 3. To cover or incrust with congelations, or
crystals of ice.
GAN'DY, V. i. To form into crystals, or become congealed ;
to take on the form of candied sugar.
©AN'DY-ING, ppr. Conserving with sugar.
€AN'DY-ING, n. The act of preserving simples in sub-
stance, by boiling them in sugar.
€AN'OY-Ll'ON'S-FOOT, n. A plant. Miller.
€AN'DY-TUFTS, 71. 1. A plant, the t&em. 2. A Cretan
flower.
€AN'DY-TUFT-TRES, n. A plant. Chambers.
€ANE, n. [L. canna.] 1. In butany, this term is applied
to several species of plants. [See Sugar-cane.] 2. A
walking-stick. 3. A lance or dart made of cane. Dryden.
4. A long measure, in several countries of Europe.
€ANE, V. t. To beat with a cane or walking-stick,
€ANE'-BRAKE, ?!. A thicket of canes.
€ANE'-HOLE, ?i. A hole or trench for planting the cut-
tings of cane, on sugar plantations.
€ANE'-TRASH, n. Refuse of canes.
€A-NES'CENT, a. [L. canescens.] Growing white or
hoary.
€A-NI€'U-LA, or €-AJNI-€ULE, n. [L. canicula.] A star
in the constellation of Canis Major, called also the dog-
star, or Sirius.
€A-NI€'U-LAR, a. [L. canicularis.] Pertaining to the
dog-star.
CA-NiNE', a. [Ij.canmis.] Pertaming to dogs ; having the
properties or qualities of a dog ; as, a canine appetite, in-
satiable hunger; canine madness, or hydrophobia. — Ca-
nine teeth are two shari)-pointed teeth in each jaw of an
animal, one on each side, between the incisors and grind-
ers ; so named from their resemblance to a dog's teeth.
GaN'ING, 71. A beating with a stick or cane.
€AN'IS-TER, n, [L. canistrum.] Properly, a small basket,
as in Dryden ; but mors generally, a small box or case, for
tea, coffee, &c.
CANK'ER, 7i. [L. cancer; Sax. cancer e, or cancre.] 1. A
disease incident to trees, which causes the bark to rot and
fall. 2. A popular name of certain small eroding ulcers
in the mouth, particularly of children. 3. A virulent,
corroding ulcer; or any thing that corrodes, corrupts,
or destroys. 4. An eating, corrodhig, virulent humor;
corrosion. 5. A kind of rose, the dog-rose 6. In far-
riery, a running thrush of the worst kmd ; a disease in
horses' feet.
€ANK'ER, V. t 1. To eat, corrode, corrupt, consume, m
the manner that a cancer affects the body. 2. To uifect,
or pollute.
eANK'ER, V. i. To grow corrupt ; to decay, or waste away
by means of any noxious cause ; to grow rusty, or to be
oxydized, as a metal.
€AN-I<;'ER-BIT, a. Bitten with a cankered or envenomed
tooth. Shak.
€ANK'ERED, pp. 1. Corrupted. 2. a. Crabbed; uncivil.
Spenser.
€ANK ER-ED-LY, adv. Crossly ; adversely.
€ANK'ER-FLy, n. A fly that preys on fruit.
CANKER-LTKE, a. Eating or corrupting like a canker.
€ANK'£R-OLrS, a. Corroding like a canker.
€ANK'ER-W6RM, n. A worm, destructive to trees or
plants. In America, this name is given to a worm
that, in some years, destroys the weaves and fruit of ap-
ple-trees.
CAIVK'ER-Y, a. Rusty.
€AJN^'NA-BlNE, a. [L. canndbinus.] Pertaining to hemp
hempen.
*€AN'NEL-€oAL, or €AN'DLE-€oAL, n. A hard,
opake, inflammable fossil coal of a black color, sufficient-
ly solid to be cut and polished.
€AN'NE-aUIN, 71. White cotton cloth from the East In-
dies, suitable for the Guinea trade.
€AN'NI-BAL, n. A human being that eats human flesh ; a
man-eater, or anthropophagite.
CAN'NI-BAL-ISM, n. 1. The act or practice of eating hu-
man flesh, by mankind. 2. Murderous cruelty ; barbar-
ity.
€AN'NI-BAL-LY, atZu. In the manner of a cannibal Shak
€AN'NI-PERS. See Callipers.
€AN'NON, 7(. [Fr. canon.] A large military engine for
tlnrowing balls, and other instruments of death, by the
force of guiipowder.
€A]\-NO?i.-aI)E', ?!. The act of discharging cannon and
throwing balls, for the purpose of destroying an army, oi
battering a to-wn, ship, or fort.
CAN-NON-aDE', v.t. To, attack with heavy artillery ; to
batter with cannon-show
CAN-NON-aDE', v. i. To discharge cannon ; to play with
large guns.
€AN'N0N-BALL, 71. A ball, usually made of cast-iron, to
be thrown from cannon. — Cannon-bullet, of the like signi-
fication, is not now used.
CAN-NON-EER', \ n. A man who manages cannon ; an en-
GAN-NON-IeR', \ gineer.
€AN'NON-TNG, n. The noise as it were of a cannon.
Breiccr.
CAN'NON-PROOF, a. Proof against cannon-shot.
CANNON-SHOT, n. A ball for cannon ; also, the range or
distance a cannon will throw a bali.
CAN'NOT, [ca?i and 7(of.] These words ai'e usually united,
but perhaps witliout good reason ; canst and not are never
united.
€AN'NU-LAR, a. [h. canna.] Tubular; having the form
of a tube.
CA-NOE', (ka-noo') n. [Fr. canot ; Sp. canoa.] 1. A boat
formed of the body or trunk of a tree excavated. 2. A
boat made of bark or skins, used by savages.
CAN'ON, 7i. [Sax., Fr., Sp., Port, canon.] 1. In ecclesias-
tical affairs, a law, or rule of doctrine or discipline. 2. A
law or rule in general. 3. The genuine books of the Holy
Scriptures, called the sacred canon. 4. A dignitary of the
church. Regular canons live in monasteries or in com-
munity, and to the practice of their rules have added the
profession of vows — 5 In monasteries, a book contamuig
the rules of the order. 6. A catalogue of saints canon-
ized. 7. The secret words of the mass from the preface
to the Pater. — 8. In ancient music, a rule or method for
determining the intervals of notes.r-9. In modern music,
a kind of perpetual fugue, in which the different parts,
begmning one after another, repeat incessantly the same
air. Busby. — 10. In geometry and a/ oeir-a, a general rale
for tlie solution of cases of a like n ature with the present
inquiry. Every last step of an equation is a canon. — 11
In pharmacy, a rule for compounding medicines. — 12. In
surgery, an instrument used in sewing up wounds. —
Canon-law is a collection of ecclesiastical laws, serving
as the rule of church government.
€AN'ON-BlT, 7!. That part of a bit let into a horse's
mouth.
CANON-ESS, 71. A woman who enjoys a prebend, affixed,
by the foundation, to maids, without obliging them to
make anv vows, or renounce the world.
CA-NON'IC, a. Canonical.
CA-NON'I-CAL, a. [L. canonicus.] Pertaining to a canon ■
according to the canon or rule. — Canonical books, or canon-
ical Script7u-es, are those books of the Scriptures which are
admitted, by the canons of the church, to be of divine ori-
gin.
€A-NON'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner agreeable to the
canon.
CA-NON'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being canonical
€A-NON'I-eALS, n. plu. The full dress of the clergy,
worn when they officiate.
CA-NON'I-CATE, n. The office of a canon.
CAN'ON-IST, 77. A professor of canon law ; one skilled in
the study and practice of ecclesiastical law.
CAN-ON-IST'IC, a. Having the knowledge of a canonist.
GAN-ON-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of declaring a man a
saint, or the act of ranking a deceased person in the cata-
logue of^saints. 2. The state of being sainted.
€AN'ON-iZE, V. t. To declare a man a saint, and rank hun
in the catalogue called a canon.
€AN'ON-RY, )n. An ecclesiastical benefice in a cathe-
€AN'ON-SHIP, \ dral or coneg;ae church.
SeeSynopsu A. E, I, O U 1?, iow^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
CAN
121
CAP
tJAN'O-PIED, a. Covered with a canopy.
GAN'O-PY, n. [Gr. /cwvwTrtiov.] 1. A covering over a
throne, or over a bed •, more generally, a covering over
tlie head. — 2. In architecture and sculpture, a magnificent
decoration, serving to cover and crown an altar, tlu-oue,
tribunal, pulpit, chair, or tlie like.
GANO-FY, V. t. To cover with a canopy.
GA-No'ROUS, a. [L. canorus,] Musical ; tuneful.
€A-No'ROUS-NESS, n. Musicalness.
€ANT, V. t. [L. canto.'] 1. In popular visage, to turn about,
or to turn over, by a sudden push or thrust-, as, to ctt?)«
over a cask. Mar. Diet. 2. To loss. 3. To speak with
a whining voice, or an aftected, singing tone. \In this
sense it is usually intransitive.] 4. To sell by auction, or
to bid a price at auction. Swift.
€ANT, n. 1. A toss ; a throw, thrust, or push, with a sud-
den jerk. 2. A whining, singing manner of speech ; a
quaint, affected mode of uttering words, either in conver-
sation or preaching. 3. The whining speech of beggars,
as in asking alms, and making complaints of their dis-
tresses. 4. The peculiar words and phrases of profes-
sional men ; phrases often repeated, or not well autlior-
ized. 5. Any barbarous jargon in speech. 6. Whining
pretension to goodness. 7. Outcry, at a public sale of
goods ; a call for bidders at an auction.
€ANT, n. [D. kant.] A niche ;% corner, or retired place.
€AN-Ta'BRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Cantabria.
€AN'TA-LIV-ER, n. [cantle and eaves.] In architecture,
a piece of wood, framed into the front or side of a house,
to suspend the molding and eaves over it.
€AN'Ta5iO, j "• ^" eastern weight.
€AN-Ta'TA, n. [It.] A poem set to music ; a composition
or song, intermixed with recitatives and airs, cliiefly in-
tended for a single voice.
t€AN-TA'TION, n. A singing.
eAN-TEEN', n. [It. cantina.] A tin vessel used by soldiers
for carrviug liquor for drink.
€AN'TE-LEUP, n. A variety of muskmelon.
€ANT'ER, V. i. [Arm. cantreal.] To move as a horse in a
moderate gallop, raising the two fore feet nearly at the
eame time, with a leap or spring.
€aNT'ER, v. t. To ride upon a canter.
€ANT'ER, 71. 1. A moderate gallop. 2. One who cants, or
whines.
€ANT'ER-BUR-Y-BELL, (kan'ter-ber-re-bel') ii. A species
of campanula. See Bell-flower.
€ANT ER-BUR-Y-GAL'LOP, n. The gallop of a horse,
commonly called a canter ; said to be derived from the
pilgrims riding to Canterbury on easy, ambling horses.
CANTER-BUR-Y TALE, n. A fabulous story; so called
from the tales of Chaucer.
€ANT'ER-ING, ppr. Moving or riding with a slow gal-
lop.
CAN-THART-DIN, n. That peculiar substance existing in
the meloe vesicatorius, or cantharides, which causes vesi-
cation.
eAN-THA'RIS, or plu. CAN-THAR'I-DE.'S, n. [Gr. Kavda-
jJK-] Spanish flies •, a species of meZoe.
€ANTH'US, 71. [Gr. Kavdo?.] Anangleof the eye ; a cavity
at the extremities of the eyelids.
€AN'TI-€LE, n. [Sp. and It. cantico.] 1. A song.— In the
plural, Canticles, the Song of Songs, or Song of Solomon.
2. A canto ; a division of a song ; [obs.]
€AN'TI-LIV-ERS, n. Pieces of wood framed into the front
or sides of a house, to sustain the m.olding over it. Moxon.
€AN'TIL-LATE, v. t. [L. cantillo.] To chant •, to recite
with musicjil tones. jM. Stuart.
€AN-TIL-La'TION, ?!. A chanting; recitation with mu-
sical modulations.
CANT'ING, ppr. I, Throwing with a sudden jerk ; toss-
ing. 2. Speaking with a whine or song-like tone.
€ANT'ING-LY, adv. With a cant.
tCAN'TION, 71. A song or verses. Spenser.
tCAN'TLE, n. [Arm. c hant ell ; Fr. chanteau.] A frag-
ment; apiece; a portion. Shak.
tCAX'TLE, V. t. To cut into pieces ; to cut out a piece.
CANT'LET, n A piece ; a little corner ; a fragment.
CAN'TO, 7?. [It.] A part or division of a poem, answering
to what, in prose, is called a look. In Italian, canto is a
song, "and it signifies, also, the treble part, first treble, or
highest vocal pail.
CAN'TON, ?>. [It. cantone.] 1. A small portion of land,
or division of territory ; also, the inhabitants of a canton.
2. A small portion or district of territory, constituting a
distinct stale or government ; as in Switzerland.— 3. In
neraldry, a corner of the shield. 4. A distinct part or di-
vision.
CAN'TON, V. t. [Sp. acantonar.] 1. To divide into small
parts or districts, as territory. 2. To allot separate quar-
ters to each reghnent of an army or body of troops.
ex\N'TON-AL, a. Pertaining to a canton ; divided nito
cantons.
I CAN'TONED, ^. Divided into distinct parts or quarters-
lodged in distinct quarters, as troops. '
I €AN'TON-ING, ppr. Dividing into distinct districts ; allot-
I ting separate quarters to each regiment.
CAN'TOiV-lZE, V. t. To canton, or divide into small dis-
tricts. Davics.
CAN'TON-MENT, 7). A part or division of a town or vil-
lage, assigned to a particular regiment of troops ; separate
quarters.
CANTRED, )??. [\,. centum.] A hundred villages, as in
CAN'TREE, \ Wales.
CAN'TY, a. In the north of England, cheerful, talkative
CAN'VAS, 7?. [Fr. canev as.] 1. A coarse cloth, made of
hemp or flax, used for tents, sails of sliips, painting, and
other purposes. 2.. A clear, unbleached cloth, wove reg-
ularly in little squares, used for working tapestry W7th
the needle. — 3. Among the French, the rough draught or
model on which an air or piece of music is composed, and
given to a poet to finish. — 4. Among seamen, cloth in
sails, or sails in general.
CAN'V AS-€LlMB'ER, n. A sailor that goes aloft to handle
sails. Shak.
CAIV'VASS, V. t. [Old Fr. cannabasser.] 1. To discuss
2. To examine returns of votes ; to search or scrutinize.
CAN'VASS, V. i. To seek, or go about to solicit votes or in-
terest ; to use efforts to obtain ; to make interest in favor
of.
CAN'VASS, n. 1. Examination ; close inspection to know
the state of. 2. Discussion; debate. 3. A seeking, soli-
citation, or efforts to obtain.
CAN'VASSED, pp. Discussed ; examined.
CAN'VASS-ER, n. 1. One who solicits votes, or goes about
to make interest. 2. One who examines the returns of
votes for a public officer.
CAN'VASS-ING, ppr. Discussing ; examining ; sifting ;
seeking.
CAN'VASS-ING, n. The act of discussing, examining, or
making interest.
Ca'NY, a. Consisting of cane, or abounding with canes.
CAN'ZONE, 7). [It.] A song or au- in two or three parts,
with passages of fugue and imitation.
CAN'ZO-NET, n. [It. camonetta.] A little or short song,
in one, two or tliree parts.
CA-oUT'CHoUC, 71. The Indian name of gum-elastic, or
Indian rubber, a substance produced trom the syringe-tree
in South America.
CAP, n. [Sax. cceppe.] I. A part of dress made to cover
the head. 2. The ensign of a cardinalate. 3. The top,
or the uppermost ; the highest. 4. A vessel in form of a
cap. 5. An act of respect, made by uncovering the head
CAP, V. t. 1. To cover the top, or end ; to spread over.
2. To deprive of the caiy, or take off a cap. — To cap
verses, is to name alternabely verses beginning with a par-
ticular letter ; to name in opposition or emulation ; to
name alternately in congest.
t CAP, V. i.To uncover the head in reverence or civility.
CAP-A-PIE'. [Fr.] From head to foot ; all over ; as, arm-
ed cap-a-pie.
CAP'-Pa-PER, n. A coarse paper, used to make caps to
hold commodities.
CAP'-SHeAF, ?i. The top sheaf of a stack of grain ; the
crowner.
CA-PA-BIL'I-TY, 77. The quality of being capable ; capa-
city ; capableness. ShaK.
Ca'PA-BLE, a. [Fr. capable.] I. Able to hold or contain ;
able to receive ; sufficiently capacious. 2. Endued with
power competent to tlie object. 3. Possessing mental
powers; intelligent: able to understand, or receive into
the mind ; having a capacious mind. 4. Susceptible.
5. Qualified for ; susceptible of. 6. Qualified for, in a
moral sense ; having legal power or capacity. 7. Hollow;
[obs.] Shak.
Ca'PA-BLE-NESS, 7?. The state or quality of being capa-
ble ; capacity ; power of understanding ; knowledge.
€A-FAC'L-F\,v.t. To qualify. [Unusual.]
CA-Pa'CIOL S, a. [l^.tapaz.] 1. Wide; large; that will
hold much. 2. Broad ; extensive. 3. Extensive ; com
prehensive ; able to take a wide view.
CA-Pa'CIOUS-LY, adv. in a wide or capacious manner.
CA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. V^'ideness ; largeness ; as of a
vessel. 2. Extensiveness ; largeness ; as of a bay. 3.
Comprehensiveness ; power of taking a wide survey.
CA-PAC'I-TATE, 7;. «. 1 To make capable; to enable,
to furnish with natural power. 2. To endue with moral
qualifications ; to qualify ; to furnish with legal powers.
CA-PAC'1-TA-TED, pp. Made capable : qualified.
CA-PAC-I-Ta'TION, n. 1 he act of making capable.
CA-PAC'I-TY, n. [L. capacitas.] 1. Passive power ; the
power of containing or holding ; extent of room or space
2. The extent or comprehensiveness of the mind ; the
power of receiving ideas or knowledge. 3. Active pow-
er ; ability. 4. State ; condition ; character ; profession ;
occupation. 5. Ability, in a moral or legal sense ; qual-
ification ; legal power or right. — 6. In geometry, the solid
*See Synopsis. Mv'iVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; <? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
CAV
122
CAP
contents of a body. — 7. In chemistry, that state, quality
or constitution of bodies, by whicli they absorb and con-
lain^ ot reader latent, any fluid.
€A-PAR I-SON, 71. [Sp. caparazon.l A cloth or covering
laid over the saddle or furniture of a horse.
C i-PAIti-SON, V. t. 1. Tu cover with a cloth, as a horse.
2. To dress pompously 5 to adorn with rich dress.
GAP €ASE, n. A covered case. {Little used.']
CAPE, n. [Sp., Port, caho ; It. l xpo ; Fr. cap.] 1. A head-
land ; properly, the head, point or termination of a neck
of land, extending some distance into the sea, beyond tlie
common shore. 2. The neck-piece of a cloke or coat.
eAP'E-L.AN, n. A small fish.
€A-PEL'LA, n. A bright fixed star in auriga.
CAP EL-LET, n. A khid of swelling, like a wen, growing
on the heel of the hock on a horse, and on the point of the
elbow.
€a'PE11, v.i. [Yx. calrer.] To leap ; to skip or jump 5 to
prance ; to spring.
€a PER, n. A leap ; a skip ; a spring ; as in dancing or
mirth, or in the frolick of a goat or lamb.
€A'PEit, n. [Fr. capre.] The bud of the caper-bush, which
is much used for pickling.
€A'PER-BySH. See Caper.
Ca'PER-CCT'TING, a. Leaping or dancing in a frolick-
some manner. Beaum.
CaPER-EE, n. One who capers, leaps and skips about, or
dances.
Ca'PER-ING, ppr. Leaping ; skipping.
Ca PI-AS, n.' [L. capio.] In law, a writ of two sorts ; one
before judgment, the other after judgment.
CAP'I-BAR, 71. An animal partaking of the form of a hog
and of a rabbit, the cabjai.
CAP-IL-LaCEOUS, a. [L. capillaceus.] Hairy ; resem-
bling a hair. See Capillary.
CA-PIL-LaIRE', n. [Fr.l A kind of sirup, extracted from
maiden-hair.
CA-PIL'LA-MENT, n. [L, capillamentum.] 1. The fila-
jnent, a small fine thread, like a hair, that grows in the
middle of a flower, with a little knob at the top ; a chive.
2. A fine fibre, or filament, of which the nerves are com-
posed.
* €AP'IL-LA-RY, a. [L. capillaris.] ]. Resembling a hah,
fine, minute, small in diameter, though long. — 2. In bot-
any, capillary plants are hair-shaped, as the fems.
CAPiL-LA-RY, n, A fine vessel or canal. Daricin.
t €AP-IL-La'TION, n. A blood-vessel like a hair.
eA-PIL'LI-FORM, a. [L. capillus Rud forma.] In the shape
or form of a liair, or of hairs.
e \P 1-TAL, a. [L. capitalUi.] 1. Literally, pertaining to
the head. [ This use is not commoji.] 2. Chief 5 principal ;
first in importance. 3. Punishable by loss of the head or
of life 5 incuiTing the forfeiture of life ; punishable with
death. 4. Taking away life, or affecting life. 5. Great,
important. 6. Large; of great size; as, ca;);tf/Z letters. —
Capital stock is the sum ot money or stock which a mer-
chant, banker or jnanufacturer employs in his business.
CAP'I-TAL, 71. [L,. capitellum.] The uppermost part of a
column, pillar or pilaster. — By the customary omission of
tlie noun, to which the adjective, capital, refers, it stands
for, 1. The chief city or town in a kingdom or state : a
metropolis. 2. A large letter or type, in printing-. '3. A
stock in trade, in manufactures, or hi any business requir-
ing the expenditure of money witli a view to profit.
€AP'I-TAL-1ST, 11. A man who has a capital or stock in
trade. Burke.
€AP'I-TAL-LY, adv. 1. In a capital manner ; noblv ;
finely. 2. With loss of life.
CAPI-TAL-NEbS, n. A capital offense. [Little used.]
CAP'I-TATE, a. [L. capitatus.] In botany, growing in a
head, applied to a flower, or stigma.
€-VP-I-Ta'TIOX, ?!. [h. capitatio.] ]. Numeration by the
head : a numbering of persons. 2. A tax, or imposition
upon each head or person ; a poll-tax. Sometimes written
Capitatiun-tax.
€AP'1-TE. [L. caput.] In English law, a tenant 171 capite,
or in chief, is one who holds lands immediately of the
kins.
€AP T-TO'L, n. [L. capitolium.] 1 The temple of Jupiter,
in Fi.ome, and a fort, or castle, on the JJoiis Capilolinus.
2. The edifice occupied by the Congress of the United
£tates in their deliberations. In some states, the stale-
house, or house in which the legislature holds its sessions.
€AP-I-To'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to the capitol in Rome.
€\PI-TO-LlXE, a. Pertaining^to the capitol in Rome.
CA-PIT'U-LAR, or €A-PiT'U-LA-RY, v. [I., capitulum ]
1. x\n act passed in a chapte-r, either of knights, canons or
religious. 2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter,
or of an ecclesiastical council. 3. The member of a chap-
ter.
CA-PIT'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the form of an ecclesiastical
chapter. Swift.
CA-PIT'LT-LA-RY, a. Relating lo the chapter of a cathe-
dral.
€A-PIT'TT-LATE, v i. 1. To drawup a wiituig in chap-
ters, heads or articles ; [obs.] Shak. 2. To surrender, as
an army or garrison, to an enemv, by treaty.
€A-PiT-U La'TION, n. 1. The act of capitulating, or sur-
rendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms. 2. The
treaty or instrument containing the conditions of surren-
der. 3. A reducing to heads ; [not much used.]
CA-PIT'U-LA-TOR, 71. One who capitulates,
jCAP'I-TULE, n. A summary. Wickliffe.
CA-Pi'VI, 71. A balsam of the Spanish West-Indies. See
Copaiba.
€AP'NO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. Kaizvog and p.avT£ia.] Divina-
tlonby the ascent or motion of smoke.
€A-PoCH', n [Sp. capucho.] A monk's hood.
t €A-PoCH', V. t. Uncertain ; perhaps to strip off the hood
Hudibras.
€a PON, (ka'pn) n. [Sp. capon.] A castrated cock.
Ca'PON, v.t. To castrate, as a cock. Birch.
€AP-ON-NIeRE', 7i. [Fr.] In /yra>"cflfio7i, a covered lodg-
ment, sunk four or five feet into the ground, encompassed
with a parapet.
CA-POT', n. [Fr.] A winning of all the tricks of cards at
the game of piquet.
CA-POT', V. t. To win all the tricks of cards at piquet.
•CAPPER, 71. One whosa, business is to make or sell
caps. ^
€AP'RE-0-LATE, a. [L. capreolus.] In botany, having
tendrils, or filiform spiral claspers.
€A-PRiCE', n. [Fr. caprice.] A sudden start of the mind ;
a sudden change of opinion, or hmnor ; a whim, freak,
or particular fancJ^
CA-PRI CI-Il-O, n. Freak; fancy. Shak.
CA-PRi"CIOUS, a. Freakish ; whimsical ; apt to change
opinions suddenly, or to start from one's purpose ; un-
steady ; changeable ; fickle ; fanciful ; subject to change
or irregularity.
€A-PRl 'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a capricious manner ; whim-
sicallv.
eA-PRl"CIOUS-NESS, ?!. .1. The quality of being led by
caprice ; whimsicalness ; unsteadiness of purpose or opin-
ion. 2. Unsteadiness ; liableness to sudden changes.
€AP'RI-€OEN, 11. [L. capricornus.] One of the twelve
signs of the zodiac, the winter solstice.
€AP-RI-FI-€aT10N, n. [L. caprificatio.] A method of
ripening figs by means of a gnat or insect that pricks the
bud.
€AP'RI-F0LE, 71. [L. caprifoliuin.] Honeysuckle ; wood-
bine. Spenser.
CAl'RI-FORM, a. [L. caper and forma.] Having the form
of a goat. Eel. Rev.
€AP'Ri-OLE, 72. [Fr., now cabriole : Sp., Port, cabriola.]
In the manege, caprioles are leaps that a horse makes in
the same place without advancing.
CAPRI-PED, a. [L. caper and^es.] Having feet like those
of a goat.
CAP'SI-CUM, «. Guinea pepper. Chambers.
€AP-SlZE', V. t. To upset or overturn ; a sea7ncni's phrase.
Mar. Diet.
CAP'STAN, 7!. sometimes written capstef-n. [Fr. cabestan.l
A strong, massy column of timber, formed like a truncated
cone, and having its upper extremity pierced, to receive
bars or levers, for winding a rope round it, to raise great
weights.
C \pIu-L a^^'y ! '^- follow, like a chest.
€AP'SU-LATE, I a. Inclosed in a capsuie, or as in a
CAP 'SU-LA-TED, \ chest or box.
CAPSULE, ?;. [h. capsula.] 1. The seed-vessel of a plant.
2. A small saucer made of clay for roasting samples of
ores for melting them.
CAP'TAIN, (kap'tin) n. [Fr. capitaine.] 1. Literally, a
head or chief officer ; appropriately, the military officer
who commands a company. 2. The commander of a
ship. 3. The commander of a military band. 4. A man
skilled in war or military affairs. 5. A chief commander.
Shak. But in this sense rarely used, but in composi-
tion.
Captain-General is the commander in chief of an army, or
of the militia. — Captain-Lieutenant is an oflicer, who,
with the rank of captain and pay of lieutenant, com-
mands a company or troop. — Captain-Bashau, or Capu-
dan-Bashaic, in Turkey, is the high admiral.
CAP'TAIN, a. Chief; valiant. Shak.
€AP'TAIN-CY, 71. 1. The rank, post or commission of a
captain. Washington. 2. The jurisdiction of a captain,
or commander, as in South A7nerica.
CAP'TAIN-RY, n. The power or command over a certain
district ; chieftainship. Spenser.
CAP'TAIN-SHIP, n. 1. The condition or post of a captain
or chief commander. 2. The rank, quahty or post of a
captain. 3. The command of a clan, or government of a
certain district. 4. Skill in military affairs.
€AP-Ta'TION, 77. [L. captatio.] The act or practice of
catching favor or applause by flattery or address.
»unopsis. A, E, T, 5, U, -y, lon-g.—FAli, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN MARlNE. BIRD ;.—
t Obsolete
CAR
123
CAR
€AFTION, n. [L. capiio.] 2. The act of taking, or appre-
hending by a judicial process ; [little used.] 2. A certifi-
cate signed by coniinissioners in chancery, declaring
wlien and where tlie commission was executed. 3. A
preamble.
CAP'TIOUS, a. [L. captiosus.'] 1. Disposed to find fault, or
raise objections ; apt to cavil. 2. Fitted to catch or in-
snare ; insidious. 3. Proceeding from a caviling dispo-
sition.
€AP TIOUS-LY, adv. In a captious manner ; with an in-
clination or intention to object ar censure.
€AP'T10US-NESS, n. Disposition to find fault ; inclination
to object ; peevishness. Locke.
€AP'T1-VATE, V. t. [L. captivo.'] 1. To take prisoner ; to
seize by force ; as an enemy in war. Shak. 2. To sub-
due ; to bring into bondage. 3. To overpower and gain
with excellence or beauty ; to charm ; to engage the
affections 5 to bind in love. Addison. 4. To enslave.
Locke.
€AP'TI-VATE, a. Taken prisoner. Shak.
€AP'TI-VA-TED, pp. Made nrisoner ; charmed.
€AF'TI-VA-TING, ppr. 1. Taking prisoner ; engaging the
affections. 2. a. Having power to engage the affections.
€AP-TI-Va'TION, n. The act of taking a prisoner 3 a tak-
ing one captive.
CAP'TlVE, n. [Fr. captif.] 1. A prisoner taken by force
or stratagem in war, by an enemy. 2. One who is
charmed or subdued by beauty or excellence ; one whose
affections are seized. 3. One who is iusnared by love or
flattery, or by wiles. 4. A slave.
€AP'TlVE, a. 1. Made prisoner in war ; kept in bondage
or confinement. 2. Holding in confinement.
f €AP'TlVE, V. t. To take prisoner ; to bring into subjec-
tion. Dry den
€AP-TIV'I-TY, n. [Fr. captivite ; L. captivitas.] 1. The
state of being a prisoner. 2. Subjection to love. 3. Sub-
jection ; a state of being under control. 4. Subjection ;
servitude ; slavery.
€ A-P'TOR, n. [L. capio.] One who takes, as a prisoner
or a prize. It is appropriately one who takes a prize at
€APT'URE, n. [L. captura ; Fr. capture.] 1. The act of
taking or seizing. 2. The thing taken 5 a prize ; prey
taken by force, surprise or stratagem. 3. Seizure ; arrest.
€APT'URE, V. t. To take or seize by force, surprise or
stratagem, as an enemy or his property ; to take by force
under the authority of a commission.
€APT'URED, pp. Taken as a prize.
€APT'UR-ING, ppr. Seizing as a prize.
€A-Pl]C'CI-0, n. [It.] A capuchin, or hood.
€A-PUCH'ED, a. Covered with a hood. [L. u.] Brown.
€AP-U-CHiN', 71. [Fr. cupucine.] 1. A garment for females,
consisting of a cloke and hood, made in imitation of the
dress of capuchin monks. 2. A pigeon whose head is
covere^ with feathers.
€AP-U-CHINS', 71. Monks of the order of St. Francis, who
cover their heads with a capuce, capuclion.
CAP'U-CINE, n, A species of monkey, the saa-oo, or sa'i.
€AP'U-LIN, n. The Mexican cherry.
€AR, €AER, CHAR, in names of places, is sometimes the
Celtic Caer, a town or city, as in Caermarthen.
€AR, 71. [W. car.] 1. A small vehicle moved on wheels,
usually drawn by one horse. — 2. In poetical language, any
vehicle of dignity or splendor ; a chariot of v^ar, or of
triumph. 3. The constellation called Charleses wain, or
the bear.
€ARA-BlNE, or €AR-BlNE', n. [Fr. caraUnc.] A short
gun, or fire arm, carrying a ball of 24 to the pound.
CAR-A-BI-NEER', 7;. A man who carries a carabine ; one
who carries a longer carabine than others, which is some-
times used on foot.
€AR'A€, )?;. [^oxi. carraca ; Yr. caraque.] A large ship
CAR'ACK, \ of burden ; a Portuguese Indiaman.
CAR'A-OOL, 7?. [¥r. caracole.] 1. In the 7?ia7?eg'e, a semi-
round, or half turn, which a horseman makes. — 2. In archi-
tcctitre, a staircase in a helix or spiral form.
€AFv.'A-€OL, V. i. To move in a caracol ; to wheel.
€AF^'A-€OL-Y, n. A mixture of gold, silver and copper.
€AR'AT, 7!,. [It.carato: Fr. carat.] 1. The weight of four
grains, used by gold-smiths and jewelers. 2. The weight
that expresses the fineness of gold. The whole mass of
gold is divided into 24 equal parts, and as many 24th parts
as it contains of pure gold, it is called gold of so many
carats. Thus gold of twenty-two parts of pure metal is
gold of tv/enty-two carats. 3. The value of any thing ;
[obs.]
AR'A-VAN, 77. [Ar. ; Sp. caravana ; Fr. caravane.] A
company of travelers, pilgrims or merchants, marching or
proceeding in a body over the deserts of Arabia, or other
region infested with robbers.
CAR-A-VAN'SA-RY, n. A place appointed for receiving
and loading caravans ; a kind of inn, where the caravans
rest at night, being a large square building, with a spa-
cious couit in the middle.
€AR'A-VEL, or €AR'VEL, n. [Sp. caravela ; It. caravello ,
Fr. caravelle.] 1. A small vessel on the coast of France,
used in the herring fishery. 2. A light, round, old fash-
ioned ship.
CAR'A-WAY, ?u [Gr. Kapos, Kapov.] A plant of the genus
carum, a biennial plant.
CAR'BON, n. [L, carbo ; Sp. carboii.] Pure charcoal ; a
simple body, black, brittle, ligl:t and modorous.
€aR-BON-a'CEOUS, a. Pertain.ng to charcoal. See Car-
bonic.
t CAR'BO-NADE, or f €AR-BO-Na'DO, n. Flesh, fowl or
the like, cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals.
{ S!Sg:SiS)0', S - '■ -r- <^"t «' hack. Shak.
CaR'BON-ATE, 71. In chemistry, a compound formed by
the union of carbonic acid with a base ; as the carbonate
of lime.
€aR'BON-A-TED, a. Combined with carbon.
€AR-B0N'I€, a. Pertaining to carbon, or obtained from it.
€AR-B0N-IF'ER-0US, a. [L. carbo and fero.] Producing
carbon, or coal.
€AR-BON-I-Za'TION, 71. The actor process of carbonizing
CaII'BON-iZE, v. t. To convert into carbon by combustion
or the action of fire , to expel from wood or other sub-
stance allvolatile matter.
€AR'BON-iZED, pp. Converted into carbon or charcoal.
€AR'BON-0-H5'DROUS, a. [carJori, and Gr. u^wp.] Com-
posed of carbon and hydrogen.
€AR'B0N-0US, a. Carbonous acid is carbon not fully satu-
rated with oxygen.
CAR'BUN-€LE, n. [L. carbunculus.] 1. An anthrax ; an
inflammatory tumor, or painful gangrenous boil or ulcer.
2. A beautiful gem, of a deep-red color.— 3. In heraldry/,
a charge or bearing consisting of eight radii, four of which
make a common cross, and the other four a saltier.
€AR'BUN-€LED, a. Set with carbuncles ; spotted.
€AR-BUN'eU-LAR, a. Belonging to a carbuncle •, resem-
bling a carbuncle ; red ; inflamed.
€AR-BUN-eU-LA'TION, n. [L. carbtmculatio.] The blast-
ing of the young buds of trees or plants.
€AR'BU-RET, n. A combination of carbon with a metal,
earth or alkali.
€AR'BU-RET-ED, a. Combined with carbon, or holding
carbon in solution.
€AR'€A-JO, 71. The glutton, a voracious, carnivorous an-
imal.
CAPv.'€A-NET, n. [Fr. carcan.] A chain or collar of jewels.
Shak.
€AR'€ASS, n. [Fr. carcasse.] 1. The body of an animal ;
usually the body when dead. 2. The decaying remains
of a bulky thing, as of a boat or -ship. 3. The frame or
main parts of a thing unfinished, or without ornament.
CAR'CASS, 71. [It. carcassa.] An iron case or hoUcw ves-
sel, about the size of a bomb, of an oval figure, filled with
combustible and other substances, as meal-powder, salt-
petre, sulphur, broken glass, turpentine, &c., to be thrown
from a mortar into a town, to set fire to buildings.
t €AR'CEL-AGE, n. [L. career.] Prison fees.
CaR'CER, n. A starting-post.
CAR CER-AL, a. Belonging to a prison.
CAR-CI-A^o'MA, 7?. [Gr. KapKivwpa.] A cancer; also, a
turgescence of the veins of the eye.
€AR-CI-Ko'MA-TOUS, a. Cancerous ; like a cancer, or
tending to it.
CARD, V. [Fr. carte.] 1. A paper m- pasteboard of an ob-
lojig figure, on which are painted figures or points ; used
ill games. 2. A blank ])iece of paper, or the like paper
with some writing upon it, used in messages of civility
or business. 3. The paper on which the points of the
compass are marked.
CARD, V. i. To play much at cards ; to game.
CARD, 7?. [D. kaard.] An instrument for combing, opening
and breaking wool or flax.
CARD, V. t. To comb, or open wool, flax, hemp, &c., with
a card.
CARD'A-MlNE, n. [Gr.] The plant meadow-cresses, 01
cuckow-flower.
€aR DA-MOM, 71. [Gr. Kap^ajxiciiov.] A plant of the genus
amomuvi.
CARD'ED, pp. Combed 5 opened ; cleansed with cards.
CARD'ER, n. One who cards wool; also, one who plays
ratich at cards. Wvtton.
*CAR'DI-A-€AL, ^ a. [L. cardiacus.] 1. Pertaining to the
CAR'DI-AC, \ heart. 2. Exciting action in the
heart, through the medium of the stomacli.
CAR'DI-AC, n. A medicine which excites action in the
stomach, and anihiates the spirits.
CAR'DI-AL-GY, n. [Gr. Kapbia and a^yo^.] The heart-
burn. It is called, also, the cardiac passion.
CAR'DI-NAL, a. [L. cardinalis.] Chief, principal, preemi-
nent, or fundamental ; as the cardinal virtues, which pa-
gans supposed to be justice, prudence, temperance and
fortitude.
Se-J Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
CAR
124
CAR
€AR'DI-NAL, ??. 1. An ecclesiastical prince in the Rnmish
church, who has a voice in the conclave at the election of
a pope. 2. A woman's cloke.
CAR I)i NAL-FLOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus lobelia,
of many species.
eARDl-NAI,-ATE, or€AR'DI-NAL-SHIP, 71. The office,
rank or dignity of a cardinal.
€AR'DI-NAL-iZE, ?;. t. To make a cardinal. [Little tised.]
€ARD'ING, ppr. 1. Combing, as flax, wool, &c. 2. The
act of playing at cards. [Little used.]
CARD'iNG-MA-CHiNE', n. A machine for combing, break-
ing and cleansing woo! and cotton.
€AR'DI-OID, n. [Gt. KapSia.] An algebraic curve, so call-
ed from its resemblance to aheart.
CARD'iTE, 71. Fossil or petrified shells of the genus car-
diuvi.
€ARD'-Ma-KER, n. A maker of cards.
CARD'-MATCH, n. A match made by dipping pieces of
card in melted sulphur.
CAR-DOON', n. [Sp. cardon.] A species of cynara, resem-
b.ing the artichoke, but larger.
CARD'-Ta-BLE, 7i. The table appropriated to the use of
gamesters, or used for playing cards on.
€AR'DU-US-BEN-E^DI€'TUS, n. The herb called blessed
thistle.
CARE, 71. [Sax. car, cara.] 1. Concern ; anxiety ; solici-
tude •, noting some degree of pain in the mind, from ap-
prehension of evil. " They shall eat bread by weight and
with care." Ezelc. iv. 2. Caution ; a looking to ; regard ;
attention, or heed, with a view to safety or protection.
3. Charge or oversight, implying concern for safety and
prosperity. 4. The object of care, or watchful regard and
attention.
CARE, V. i. 1. To be anxious or solicitous ; to be concern-
ed about. 2. To be inclined or disposed ; to have regard
to.
CARE'-CRAZED, a. Broken or disordered by care, or so-
licitude.
CARE'-DE-FY'ING, a. Bidding defiance to care.
CARE'-TuNED, a. Tuned by care ; mournful. Shak.
CA RE'-WOUJMD-ED, a. Wounded with care. May.
t CAR'ECT, n. A charm. See Chakact.
CA-REEN', V. t. [Fr. carener.] In sea language, to heave
or bring a ship to lie on one side, for the purpose of re-
pairing.
CA-REEN', V. i. To incline to one side, as a ship under a
press of sail. Mar. Diet.
CA-REEN'ED, (ca-reend') pp. Laid on one side ; inclined.
CA-REEN'ING, jW- Heaving down on one side ; inclin-
ing.
CA-REEN'ING, n. The act of heaving down on one side,
as a ship.
CA-REER', n. [Fr. carriere.] 1. A course ; a race, or
running ; a rapid running ; speed in motion. 2. General
course of action or movement ; procedure ; course of pro-
ceeding. 3. The ground on which a race is run. 4. In
the manege, a place inclosed with a barrier, in which they
run the ring. — 5. In falconry, a flight or tour of the hawk,
about 120 yards.
CA-REER', V. i. To move or run rapidly.
CA-REER'ING, ppr. Running or moving with speed.
CARE'FUL, a. 1. Full of care ; anxious ; solicitous. 2.
Provident ; attentive to support and protect. 3. WatcJi-
ful ; cautious ; giving good heed. 4. Filling with care
or solicitude ; exposing to concern, anxiety or trouble ;
full of cares.
CARETIJL-LY, adv. 1. With care, anxiety, or solicitude.
?. Heedfully ; watchfully •, attentively. 3. In a manner
that shows care. 4. Providently ; cavitiously,
GARE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Anxiety ; solicitude. 2. Heed-
fulness ; caution ; vigilance in guarding against evil, and
providing for safety.
CARE'LESS, a. 1. Having no care ; heedless ; negligent ;
unthinking •, inattentive ; regardless ; unmindful. 2.
Free from care or anxiety ; whence, undisturbed ; cheer-
ful. 3. Done or said without care ; unconsidered. 4.
Not regarding with care ; unmoved by ; unconcerned for.
5. Contrived without art.
CARE'LESS-LY, adv In a careless manner or way ; neg-
ligently ; heedlessly ; inattentively ; without care or con-
cern.
CARE'LESS-NESS n. Heedlessness ; inattention , negli-
gence ; manner wunout care.
tCA''REN-CY, 71. Lack-, want. Bp. Richardson.
CAR'EN-TANE, n. [Fr. quarantaine.] A papal indul-
gence, multiplying the remission of penance by forties.
Taylor.
CA-RESS', V. t. [Fr. caresser.] To treat with fondness, af-
fection, or kindness ; to fondle; to embrace with tender
atiection ; as a parent a child.
CA-RESS', 71. An act of endearment ; any act or expression
of affection ; an embracing with tenderness.
CA-RESS'ED, (ca-resf) pp. Treated or embraced with af-
fection.
CA-RESS'ING,ppr. Treating with endearment, or affection
Ca'RET, ?)-. [L.] In writing, this mark, a, which shows
that something, omitted in the line, is interlined above,
or inserted in the margin, and should be read in that
place.
CAR'GA-SON, n. A cargo ; which see. Howell.
CAR'GO, 71. [W. carg ; Sp. cargo.] The lading or freight
of a ship ; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is convey-
ed in a ship or other merchant vessel.
CAR'GOOSE, n. A fowl belonging to the genus colymbus
Ca'RI-A-TED, a. Carious. Sec Carious.
CA-RI-AT'I-DES. See Caryatides.
CARI-BOO, n. A quadruped of the stag kind.
CAR'I-CA, n. The papaw, a tree bearing a fleshy fruit of
the size of a small melon.
CAR'I-CA-TuRE, n. [It. caricatura.] A figure or descrip-
tion, in which beauties are concealed and blemishes exag-
gerated, but still beating a resemblance to the object
CAR'I-CA-TuRE, v. t. To make or draw a caricature ; to
represent as more ugly than the life. Lyttelton.
CAR'I-CA-Tu-RfST, n. One who caricatures others.
CAR-I-COG'RA-PHY, n. [L. care?:, and Gr. yoa<pui.] A
description of the plants of the genus carex,'oi sedge
Deioey.
CAR'I-COUS, a. [L. carica.] Resembling a fig.
Ca'RI-ES, n. [L.] The corruption or mortification of a
bone ; an ulcerated bone.
CAR'IL-LON, 7i. [Fr.] A little bell. Also, a simple air in
music. See Carol.
CAR'I-NATE, I a. [L. carinatus.] In botany, shaped like
CAR'I-NA-TED, \ the keel of a ship.
€A-RIN'THIN, n. A mineral from Carinthia.
CA-RI-OS'I-TY, 71. [See Caries.] Mortification, or ulcera-
tion of a bone. Wiseman.
Ca'RI-OUS, a. Mortified : corrupted ; ulcerated ; as a bone.
Wiseman.
jCARK, n. [W. care] Care; anxiety; concern; solici-
tude ; distress. Sidney.
I CaRK, v. i. To be careful, anxious, solicitous, concerned.
Sidney.
f CARK'ING, ppr. Distressing ; perplexing ; giving anxiety.
CARLE, (carl) n. [Sax. carl.] 1. A rude, rustic, rough,
brutal man. [Obs. See Churl.] 2. A kind of hemp.
Tusser.
t CARLE, V. i. To act like a churl. Burton.
CAR'LINE, or CAR'O-LINE, n. A silver coin in Naples.
CAR'LINE, ) 71. [Fr. carlingue, or escarlinguc.] A piece
CAR'LING, \ of timber in a ship, ranging fore and aft,
from one deck beam to another. — Carline-knees are tim-
bers in a ship, lying across from the sides to the hatchway,
and serving to sustain the deck.
CAR'LINE-THIS'TLE, n. A genus of plants growing in
the south of France, and one a native of Great Britain.
CARL'ISH, CARL'ISH-NESS. See Churlish.
CAR'LOCK, 71. A sort of isinglass from Russia.
t CAR LOT, n. A countryman. See Carle.
CAR-L0-VIN'6I-AN, a. Pertaining to Charlemagne.
CAR'MAN, n. A man whose employment is to drive a cart.
CAR'ME-LIN, I a. Belonging to the order of Carmel-
CAR'MEL-ITE, \ ites.
CAR'MEL-lTE, n. [from Mount Carmel.] 1. A mendicant
friar. 2. A sort of pear.
CAR-JiIIN'A-TIVE, c. [Fr. carminatif.] Expelling wind
from the body ; warming ; antispasmodic.
CAR-anN'A-TiVE, n. A medicine, which tends to expel
Avind, or to remedy colic and flatulencies.
CAR'MINE, 77. [Fv. carrnin.] A powder, or pigment, of a
beautiful red or crimson color, used by painters.
CAR'NAGE, ?!. [Fr. carnage.] 1. LiferaZZ?/, flesh, or heaps
of flesh, as in shambles. 2. Slaughter; great destruction
of men ; havock ; massacre.
CAR'NAL, rt. [Fr. charnel ; L.carnalis.] I. Pertaining to
flesh ; fleslfly ; sensual ; opposed to spiritual. 2. Being in
the natural state ; unregenerate. Rovi. viii. 3. Pertain-
ing to tlie ceremonial 'law ; as, carnal ordinances. 4.
Lecherous; lustful; libidinous; given to sensual indul-
gence. Shak.— Carnal knowledge, sexual intercourse.
CAR'NAL-IST, n. One given to the indulgence of sensual
appetites.
CAR'NAL-iTE, n. A worldly-minded man.
CAR-NAL'I-TY, ??. 1. Fleshly lust, or desires, or the in-
dulgence of those lusts ; sensuality, 2. Grossness of mina
or desire ; love of sensual pleasures
CAR'NAL-IZE, v. t. To make carnal ; to debase to car-
nality. Scott.
C'4R'NAL-LY, adv. In a carnal manner ; according to he
flesh.
CAR'NAL-MlND'ED, a. Worldly-minded. More.
CAR'NAL-MTND'ED-NESS, n. Grossness of mind.
CAR-Na'TION, n. [Fr. carnation.] 1. Flesh color; the
parts of a picture which are naked, or without drapery,
exhibiting the natural color of the flesh. 2. A genus of
plants, dianthus, so named from the color of the flower.
€AR-Na'TIONED, a. Made like carnation color.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, V, Y, long— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ■,—Tm, MARINE, EtRD ;
t Obsolete.
CAR
125
Car
GAR-NJEli'IAN, V. [Fr. cornaline.] A siliceous dtone, a
variety of clialcedony.
€AK'NEL-W6RK, in sMp-Mulding , is the putting together
the timbers, beams and planks.
CAR'NE-OUS, a. [L. carneus.] Fleshy 5 having the qual-
ities of flesh.
flAR'NEY, 71. A disease of horses, in which the mouth is so
furred that they cannot eat.
€AR-NI-Fl-eA'T10N, n. A turning to flesh.
CAR'NI-F Y, V. i. To form flesh ; to receive flesh in growth.
<;AR'NI-VAL, ) n. [Sp., Port, carnaval ; Buc. carnaval.]
€;AR'NA-VAL, \ The feast or season of rejoicing, before
Lent, observed, in Catholic countries, with great solem-
nity, by feasts, balls, operas, concerts, &c.
^!AR-NIV-0-RAC'I-TY, 71. Greediness of appetite for flesh.
€;AR-NIV'0-R0US, a. [L. caro and voro.] Eatijig or feed-
ins on flesh ; an epithet applied to animals which natu-
rally seek flesh for food.
€AR-NOi;''[-TY, 71. [Fr. camosit^.'] A little fleshy excres-
cence.
€AR'NOUS, a. Fleshy. See Carneous.
€AR'OB, n. [Sp. algarroha ; It. carruba.] The carob-tree,
ceratonia siliqua.
€A-RoCHE'', 71. [It. can-ozza.] A carriage of pleasure.
€A-ROCH'ED, (ca-rocht') a. Placed in a caroche.
€AR'OL, 71. [It. carola ,• W caraioL] A song ; a song of
joy and exultation ; a song of devotion.
€AR'OL, V. i. [It. carolare.] To sing ; to warble ; to sing
in joy or festivity. Shah.
€AR'OL, V. t. To praise or celebrate in song. Milton.
€AR-0-Li'NA, 71. The name of two of the Atlantic States
in North America, called JVortJi Ca7-olma and South Car-
olina.
€AR'OL-ING, 71, A song of praise or devotion.
€AR-0-LIN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Carolina.
€AR-0-LIN'I-AN, 71, A native or inhabitant of Carolina.
€AR'0-MEL, n. The smell exhaled by sugar, at a calcining
heat. Ure.
CA-ROT'ID, a. [Gr. KapcoriSes.] The carotid arteries in the
body are two arteries, the right aud left, which convey
the blood from the aorta to the head and brain.
t €A-ROT'I-DAL, a. Carotid. Smith.
€A-ROUS'AL, 71. A feast or festival. JohTison. But in
.America, it signifies a noisy drinking-bout, or reveling.
€A-ROUSE', (ca-rouz') v. i. [Fr. carrouse.] To drink hard ;
to guzzle. In the l/Tiited States, it signifies also to be
noisy, as bacchanalians.
t€A-ROUSE',^>. t. To drink lavishly. Shak.
€ A-ROUSE' (ca-rouz') ti. A drinking match ; a full draught
of liquor ; a noisy drinking match.
€A-RO[JS'ER, n. A drinker ; a toper ; a noisy reveler, or
bacchanalian.
€A-ROUS'ING, ppr. Drinking hard ; revehng.
CARP, V. i. [L. carpo.] Literalhj, to snap or catch at, or
to pick. Hence, to censure, cavil, or find fault, particu-
larly without reason, or petulantly.
t€ARP, V. i. To blame. Abp. CrauTner.
€ARP, 71. [Fr., Port, carpe.] A fish, a species of C7jprimis.
CAR 'PAL, «. [L. carpus.] Pertaining to the wrist.
€AR-Pa'THI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Carpates, a range
of mountains.
CAR'PEN-TER, 71. [Fr. charpentier.] An artificer who
works in timber 5 a framer and builder of houses, and of
ships.
€AR/PEN-TRY, 71. The art of cutting, framing, and join-
ing timber, in the construction of buildings.
CARP'ER, 71. One who carps •, a caviler.
€AR'PET, 71. 1. A covering for floors, tables, stairs, &c.
2. Level ground covered, as with grass. Shak. — To be on
the carpet, is to be under consideration. The French
phrase, to be o7i the tapis, is used in the like sense. --Cc?--
pet-kiiight, in Shakspeare, is a knight who enjoys ease and
security, or luxury. — Carpet-monger is used in a like sense.
€AR'PET, V. t. To cover with a carpet. Baco7i.
CAR'PET-ED, pp. Covered with a carpet.
€aR'PET-ING, 71. Cloth for carpets ; carpets in general.
€aR'PET-WALK, 71. A walk on smooth turf.
eARP'ING, ppr. Caviling ; captious ; censorious.
CARP'ING, 71. The act of caviling ; a cavil ; unreasonable
censure.
GaRFING-LY, adv. Captiously ; in a carping manner.
CARP'MeALS, 71. A kind of coarse cloth made in the north
of England. Phillips.
CaRP'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. Kap-rros and 'kidos.] Petrified fruits,
as nuts converted into silex.
€AR-POL'0-GlST, n. [Gr. Kapnos and Xeyw.] One who
describes fruits.
€AR-P0L'0-6Y, n. A description of fruits.
CaR'PUS, 71. [L.] The wrist, but Tiot a7i ETiglish icord.
€ARR, 71. A marsh or flat land. JVorth of England.
€AR'RA€. SeeCARAC.
CAR'RAT. Set! Carat.
CAR'RA-WaY, n. A kind of apple. Mason.
t €AR'RI-A-BLE, a. That may be carried.
CAR'RIAGE, (car'ridje) ?).. [iPr. charring c.} 1. Theacinf
carrying, bearing, transporting, or conveying. 2. The
act of taking by an enemy ; conqiiest ; acquisition ; [uhs.']
3. That which carries, especially on wheels ; a vehicle.
4. TJte price or expense of carrying. 5. That whicli is
carried ; burden, as baggage, vessels, furniture, &,c. [lit-
tle used.] 6. The manner of carrying one's self; belia-
vior ; conduct ; deportment ; personal manners. IJryden
7. Measures ; practices ; management. Shak.
€ARRI-B00. S-^e Cariboo.
€AR'RI€K-BEND, n. A particular kind of knot.
€AR'RI€K-BITTS, n. In a ship, the bitts which support
the windlass. Mar. Diet.
€AR'RI-ER, 71. 1. One who carries ; that which carries or
conveys ; also, a messenger. 2. One who is e/nplojed tc
carry goods. 3. A pigeon that conveys letters from place
to place, the letters being tied to the neck.
€AR'RI-ON, n. [It. carogna.] I. Tlie dead and putrefying
body or flesh of animals. 2. A worthless woman ; a term
of reproach. Shak.
€aR RL-ON, a. Relating to dead and putrefying carcasses ;
feeding on carrion. Shak.
€AR-RON-aDE', n. [from Carron, in Scotland, where it
was first made.] A short piece of ordnance, having a
large caliber, and a chamber for the powder, like a mor-
tar.
€AR-R00N', n. 1. In London, a rent received for the priv-
ilege of driving a cart. Ash. 2. A species of cherry.
Tvoke.
€AR'ROT, 71. [It. carota ; Fr. carotte.] An esculent root,
of the genus daucus.
CAR'ROT-Y, a. Like a carrot in color ; aii epithet given tc
red hair.
CAR'RoWS, 71. In Ireland, people who wander about, and
get tlieir living by cards and dice ; strolling gamesters.
Spc7iscr.
CAR'RY, V. t. [W. cariaw ; Fr. charrier.] 1. To bear, con-
vey, or transport, by sustaining and moving the thing car-
ried. 2. To convey ; as, sound is carried in the air. 3. To
efiect ; to accomplish ; to prevail ; to gain the object ; as,
to carr7j a point. 4. To bear out ; to face through. 5. To
urge, impel, lead or draw, noting moral impulse. 6. To
bear ; to have. 7. To bear ; to show, display or exhibit
to view. 8. To imply or import. 9. To contain or com-
prise. 10. To extend or continue in time. 11. To ex-
tend in space. 12. To support or sustain. 13. To bear
or produce, as trees. 14. To manage or transact, usually
with on. — 15. To carry one':,- self, to behave, conduct or
demean. 16. To remove, lead or drive. 17. To remove ;
to cause to go. 18. To transport ; to affect with extraor-
dinary impressions on the mind. 19. To fetch and bring.
20. To transfer.
To carry coals, to bear injuries. Mason. — To carry off, to
remove to a distance ; also, to kill. — To carry on, 1. To
promote, advance, or help forward ; to continue. 2. To
manage or prosecute. 3. To prosecute, continue or pur-
sue. — To carry through, to support to the end ; to sustain
or iceep from failing, or being subdued. — To carry out, to
bear from wit' 'n ; also, to sustain to the end ; to continue
to the end. — To carr^j away, in seamanship, is to break ;
to carry sail till a spar breaks.
CAR'RY, V. i. 1. To run on rotten ground, or on frost,
which sticks to the feet, as a hare. 2. To bear the head
in a particular manner, as a horse. 3. To convey ; to
propel.
t CAR'RY, n. The m^^ton of the clouds.
€!AR'RY-I'NG, ppr. Bearing, conveying, removing, &c.
CAR'RY- ING, n. A bearing, conveying, removing, trans-
porting. — Ca7-rying trade, the trade which consists in the
transportation of goods by water from country to country,
or place to place.
t CAR'RY-TALE, n. A tale-bearer. Shak,
€ART, n. [W. cart.] 1. A carriage with two wheels. 2. A
carriage in general.
CART, V. i. To use carts for carriage. Mortimer.
€ART, V. t. 1. To carry or convey on a cart. 2. To expose
in a cart, by way of punishment.
€ART'A6E, 71. The act of carryhig in a cart, or the price
paid for carting.
CART-BOTE, 71. In English law, wood to which a tenant
is entitled for making and repairing carts and other in-
struments of husbandry.
CART'ED, pp. Borne or exposed in a cart.
€ART- HORSE, 71. A horse that draws a cart.
CART'ING, ppr. Conveying or exposing in a cart.
€ART'ING, 71. The act of carrying in a cart.
CART'-JADE, 71. A sorry horse ; a horse used in drawing,
or fit only for the cart. Sidney.
€ART'-LoAD, 71. A load borne on a cart •, as much as is
usually earned at once on a cart, or as is sufficient to
load it.
€ART'-ROPE, n, A rope for binding hay or other articles
on a cart.
* See Synopsis. MOVE» BOOK, D6VE ,— BULL, UN iTE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH a« SH TH as in this, f Obsolete
CAR
12G
CAS
GART'-RUT, n. The cut nr track of a cart-wheel.
CART'-TlRE, n. The tixc, or iron bands, used to bind the
wheels of a cart.
GART'-WaY. ?:. A way that is or may be passed with
i;:irls, or other wh^el carriages.
GART'-WHEEL, n. The wheel of a cart.
€ART'-W Right, (cart rite) n. An artificer who makes
cartp.
CARTE -BLANCHE, (kirt-blansh') [Fr.] Paper. A blank
paper signed at the bottom with a person's name, given
to another person with permission to superscribe what
conditions he pleases.
*€AR'TKL, 11. [It. cartello ; Fr., Sp., Por*. cartel.] 1. A
writing or agreement between states at war, for the ex-
change of prisoners, t r for some mutual advantage ; also,
a vessel employed to convey the messenger on this occa-
sion. 2. A letter of defiance or challenge •, a challenge to
single combat. This sense the word has still iii France
and Italy ; but with us it is dbsc\&te.~- Cartel-ship, is a
ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying
propositions to an ene^ny.
+ €isR'TEL, V. i. To defy. B. Jonson.
€ART ER. u. The man who drives a cart, or whose occupa-
tion is to drive a cart.
t€ARTvER-LY, adv. Rude, like a carter. Cotgrave.
€AR-TeSIAN, (car-te'zhun) a. Pertaining to the philoso-
pher Des Cartes, or to his philosophy.
CAR-Tk'SIAN, n. One who adopts the philosophy of Des
Cartes.
eAR-THA-6lN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to ancient Car-
thage.
€AR-THA-GIN'I-AN, n. An inhabitant or native of Car-
thage.
€AR'THA-MUS, n. The generic name of bastard saffron.
See S^-^-FLOWER.
CAR-THu'SIAN, (car-thu'zhuri) n. One of an order of
monks, so called from Chartreuse, the place of their insti-
tution. _
CAR-THu'SIAN, a. Relating to the order of monks so call-
ed Chambers.
eAR'TIL-A6E, n. [L. cartilaao ; Fr. ci-rtilagc] Gristle •, a
smooth, solid, elastic substance, softer than bone.
eAR-TI-LAG'JN-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining to or resembling a
cartilaze ; grstly •, consisting of cartilage. — 2. In ichthyol-
ogy, cdrtilaginous fishes are those whose muscles are sup-
ported by cartilages instead of bones.
eAR-'J'OON', n. [it. cartone.'] In ^airttwio-, a design drawn
on s'rcng paper.
CAR-TOUCH', re. [Ft. cartouche.'] 1. A case of wood, girt
with marlin, holding about four hundred musket balls,
and *ix or eight iron balls of a pound weight, to be fired
out of a howitz, for defending a pass. 2. A portable box
for cnarges. [See Cartridge-box.] 3. A roll or scroll
on ttie cornice of a column.
eAR'TtllDGE, n. A case of pasteboard or parchment, hold-
ing tne charge of powder, or powder and ball, for a can-
noTi, mortar, musket or pistol.
CaR'TRIDGE-BOX, n. A case, usually of wood, covered
with leather, with cells for cartridges,
CAR'TU-LA-RY, n. [Fr, cartulaire.] A register-book, or
record, as of a monastery.
CAR'U-CATE, n. [L. cai-uca.] As much land as one team
can plow in the year.
CAR'UN-CLE, n. [L. caruncuJa.] 1. A small, fleshy ex-
crescence, either natural or morbid. Coze. 2. The fleshy
comb on the head of a fowl.
CA-RUNC'U-LAR, a. In the form of a caruncle.
CA-RUN€'U-LA-TED, a. Having a flesh.y excrescence, or
soft, fleshy protuberance.
CARVE, w.f. [Sax. ceo?-/a», cea?-/(ni.] 1 . To cut into small
pieces or slices, as meat at table. 2. To cut wood, stone
or other material into some particular form ; to engrave ;
to cut figures or devices on hard materials. .S. To m;ike
or shape by cuttirg. 4. To apportion ; to distribute ; to
provide at pleasure ; to select and take, as to one's self, or
to select and give to another. 5. To cut ; to hew. Shak.
— To carve out, is to cut out, or to lay out, by design ; to
plnn.
CARVE, V. i 1. To cut up meat. 2. To exercise the trade
of a sculptor. 3 To engrave or cut figures.
f CARVE, n. A carucate.
= ARVED, pp. Cut or divided ; engraved ; formed by carv-
ing.
CAR'VEL, n. 1. See Caravel. 2, The urtica marina, or sea
hlnhber.
CARVER, 71. 1. One who cuts meat at table ; a sculptor ;
one who apportions or distributes at will, Dryden. 2. A
large table knife for carving.
CARY'ING, ppr. Cutting, dividing, as meat ; cutting in
stone, wood or metal ; apportionin.g •, distributing.
CARVING, 77. The act of cutting, as meat ; the act or art
of cutting figures in wood or stone ; sculpture ; figures
carved .
CAR-Y-A TES, or €AR-Y-AT'I-DES, n. In architecture.
figuies of women diessed in long robes, after the Asiatic
manner, serving to support entablatures.
CAR-Y-AITC, a. Pertaining to the Caryans or Caryatides.
CA R-Y-0-PHYL'LE-OUS, a. [Gr. Ka^vov and 9ij;XAor.]
Having five petals with long claws, in a tubular calyx ;
applied to flowers
tCAR-Y-OPH'YL-LOID, n [Gr. Ka^vofvWov. \ A species
of mica.
CA-SARCA, n. A fowl of the genus anas.
CASCA-BEL, n [Port. cascaveL] The knob or pummelion
of a cannon.
€AS-CaDE', 71. [Fr. cascade.] A waterfall. Tlie word is
applied to falls that are less than a cataract.
€AS-CAL'H0, n. [Port.] In Brazil, a deposit of pebbles,
gravel and sand, in which the diamond is usually found.
CASE, n. [Fr. caisse.] 1. A covering, box or sheath ; tluit
which incloses or contains. 2. The outer part of a build-
ing. 3. A certain quantity. 4. A building unfurnished •
[not used.]
CASE, V. t. 1. To cover with a case ; to surround with any
material tliat shall inclose or defend, 2. To put in a case
or box, 3. To strip off a case, covering, or the skin : [an-
u.mal.] Shah.
CASE, 7i, [Fr. cas ; L. casus.] 1. Literally, that which
falls, comes, or happens ; an event. Hence, the particular
state, condition, or circumstances that befall a person, or
in which he is placed. 2. The state of the body, with re-
spect to health or disease. — To be in ffood case, is to be
fat, and tnis phrase is customarily abridged, to be in case.
3. A question ; a state of facts involving a question for
discussion o- decision. 4. A cause or suit in court. — 5. In
grammar, the inflection of nouns, or a change of termina-
tion. — III case is a phrase denoting condition or supposi-
tion ; if it should so fall out, or happen. — Put the case, sup-
pose the event, or a certain state of things. — Action on the
case, in hue, is an action in which the whole cause of
comjjlaint is set out in the writ.
t CASE, V. i. To put cases. U Estrange.
Cased, pp. covered with a case.
CaSE'-HARD-EN, v. t. To harden the outer part or super-
ficies, as of iron, by converting it into steel.
Ca'SE-IC, a. [L. caseus.] The caseic acid is the acid of
cheese.
CaSE'-KNiFE, 7). A large table knife, often kept in a case
CaSE'MATE, n [Fr. casemate.] 1. In fortification , a vault
of mason's work in the flank of a bastion, next to the cur-
tain, serving as a battery to defend the face of the opposite
bastion, and the moat or ditch. 2. A well, with its sub-
terraneous branches, dug in the passage of the bastion.
CaSE'MENT, v. [It. casamento.] 1. A hollow molding,
usually one sixth or one fourth of a circle. 2. A little,
movable window.
Ca'SE-OUP, a. [L. casexis.] Like cheese ; having the qual-
ities of cheese.
CAS'ERN, n. [Fr. caserne.] A lodging for soldiers in garri-
son towns.
CaSE'-SHOT, 71. Musket balls, stones, old iron, &c., put in
cases, to be discharged from cannon.
CaSE'-WoEM, n. A worm that makes itself a case.
CASH, n. [Fr. caisse.] Money ; primarily, ready money,
money in chest or on hand, in bank or at command.
CASH, V. t. ]. To turn into money, or to exchange for
money. 2. To pay money for.
t CASH, V. t. To discard. [For cashier.]
CASH'-AC-COUNT', n. An account of money received,
paid, or on hand.
CASH'-BOOK, v. A book in which is kept a register or ac-
count of rnoney.
CASH'-KEEP-ER, 71. One intrusted with the keeping of
monev.
CASH'EW-NUT, v.. a tree of the West Indies.
CASII-IeR', n. [Fr. caissier.] One who has charge of
moneyj, a cash-keeper.
CASH-IeR', v. t. [Fr. casser.] 1. To dismiss from an office
or place of trust, by annulling the commission •, to break,
as for mal-conduct, and therefore with reproach. 2. To
dismiss or discard from service or from society. 3. To re-
ject ; t^ annul or vacate.
CASH-IeRED, (cash-eerd') ;>?. Dismissed ; discarded ; an-
nulled^
CASH-IeR'ER, n. One who rejects, discards or breaks.
CASH-IeR'ING, jjpr. Discarding j dismissing from service
CASH'OO, 71. The juice or gum ot a tree in the East Indies
CaS'ING, ppr. Covering with a case.
CaB'ING, 77. 1. The act or operation of plastering a houst
with mortar on the outside. 2. A covering ; a case.
CASK, or CASaUE, n. [Fr. casque.] A head-piece; a
helmet ; a piece of defensive armor, to cover and protect
the head and neck in battle.
f CASK, V. t. To put into a cask.
CASK, 71. [Sp., Port, casco.] A close vessel for containing
liquors, as a pipe, hogshead, butt, barrel, &c.
CaS'KET, 7!, ] , A small chest or box, for jewels or other
See Synopsis I K, T, O, V, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PREY ;--PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
CAS-
127
CAS
small articles. — 2. In seamen^s language, a small rope,
fastened to grcmets.
€AS'KET, V. t. To put in a little chest. Shak.
eAS'P[-AN, a. [L. Caspim.'] An epithet given to a large
lake between Persia and Astrachan, called the Caspian
Sea.
t€ASS, V. t. [Fr. casser ; L. quasso.] To quash ; to defeat ;
to annul. Raleigh.
€ASS A-DA, or €ASS'A-VI, n A plant, of the genus ja-
troplia, of different species.
€AS-SA-MU-NAIE,', n. An aromatic vegetable.
f €AS'SAT£, V. t. [Fr. casser.] To vacate, annul, or make
void._
€AS-Sa'TION, n. The act of annulling. In France there is
a court 0? cassation.
€AS'SA-WARE. See Cassowary.
€AS'SIA, (cash'ia) n. [Fr. casse.] A genus of plants of
many species. Cassia is also the name of a species of lati-
rus, the bark of which usually passes under the name of
zinnamon. From a plant of this kind was extracted an
aromatic oil, used as a perfume by the Jews.
€AS'Sl-DO-NY, n. [Fr. cassidoine.] A species of plant,
ffuaphalium, cotton-weed.
€AS'S[-MER, n. [Sp. casiinira.] A thin, twilled, woolen
cloth.
eAS-S'i'NO, n. A game at cards. Todd.
eAS'SI-0-B(J-RY, n. A species of plant, of the genus cas-
sine.
€AS-SI-0-Pe'A, n. A constellation in the northern hemi-
sphere.
€AS-SI-Tk'RI-A, 71. [L. cassiteron.] A kind of crystals.
€AS'SOeK, n. [Sp. casaca.] A robe or gown worn over the
other garments, particularly by the clergy. A close gar-
ment, now generally that "which clergymen wear under
their gowns.
€AS'SO€KED, a. Clothed with a cassock.
CAS-SON-aDE', n. [Fr.] Cask-sugar •, sugar not refined.
CAS'SO-WA-RY, n. [Sp. casueZ.] A large fowl of the genus
stmtliio.
€ASS'-Vv''EED, n. A weed called shepherd'' s-pouch.
CAST, V. t. pret. and pp. cast. [Dan. Raster ; Sw. kasta.]
1. To throw, fling or send •, that is, to drive from, by
force, as from the hand, or from an engine. 2. To sow ;
to scatter seed. 3. To drive or impel by violence. 4. To
shed or throw off 5 as, trees cast their fruit. 5. To throw
or let fall. 6. To throw, as dice or lots. 7. To throw on
the ground, as in wrestling. 8. To throw away, as
worthless. 9. To emit, or tnrow out. 10. To throw, to
extend, as a trench. 11. To thrust. 12. To put, or set,
in a particular state. 13. To condemn ; to convict, as a
criminal. 14. To overcome in a civil suit, or in any con-
test of strength or skill. 15. To cashier or discard. 16. To
lay aside, as unfit for use ; to reject, as a garment. 17. To
make to preponderate •, to throw into one scale, for the
purpose of giving it superior weight ; to decide by a vote
that gives a superiority in numbers. 18. To throw to-
gether several particulars, to find the sum ; to compute ;
to reckon ; to calculate. 19. To contrive •, to plan. 20. To
judge, or to consider, in order to judge;. 21. To fix, or
distribute the parts of a play among the actors. 22. To
throw, as the sight ; to direct, or turn, as the eye ; to
glance. 23. To found; to form into a particular shape,
by pouring liquid metal into a mold ; to run. 24. Figu-
ratively, to shape ; to form by a model. 25. To commu-
nicate ; to spread over.
To cast aside, to dismiss or reject as useless or inconven-
ient. — To cast away, to reject ; to throw away ; to lavish
or waste by profusion ; to turn to no use ; to wreck, as a
ship. — To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard with
neglect or hate, or as useless. — To cast down, to throw
down •, to deject or depress the mind. — To cast forth, to
throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place ; to emit, or
send abroad ; to exhale. — To cast off, to discard or reject ;
to drive away •, to put off ; to put away ; to disburden. —
Among huntsmen, to leave beliind, as dogs ; to set loose,
or free. — Among seamen, to loose, or untie. — To cast out,
to send forth ; to reject or turn out ; to throw out, as
words ; to speak, or give vent to. — To cast up, to com-
pute ; to reckon ; to calculate. Also, to eject ; to vomit.
— To cast on, to refer or resign to. — To cast onc^s self on,
to resign or yield one's self to the disposal of, without re-
serve. — To cast young, to miscarry ; to suffer abortion. —
To cast in the teeth, to upbraid ; to charge ; to twit.
€AST, V. i. 1. To throw forward, as the thouglits, with a
view to some determination ; or to turn or revolve in the
mind ; to contrive. 2. To receive form or shape. 3. To
warp ; to twist from regular shape. Moxon.—A. In sea-
?n.o?i'.s language, to fall off, or incline, so as to bring the
ride of a ship to the wind.
€AST, ??. 1. The act of casting •, a throw ; the thing thrown •,
the form or state of throwing •, kind or manner of throw-
ing. 2. The distance passed by a thing thrown •, or the
space through which a thing thrown may ordinarily pass.
3. A stroke , a touch. 4. Motion or turn of the eye ; di-
rection, look or glance ; a squinting. 5. A throw of dice ,
hence, a state of chance or hazard. 6. Form -, shape. 7. A
tinge ; a slight coloring, or slight degree of a color. 8.
Manner ; air ; mien •, as, a peculiar cast of countenance.
9. A flight; a number of hawks let go at once. 10. A
small statue of bronze. — 11. Among founders, a tube of
wax, fitted into a mold, to give shape to metal. 12. A
cylindrical piece of brass or copper, slit in twolesigthwise,
to form a canal, or conduit, in a mold, for conveying metal.
— 13. Among plumbers, a little brazen funnel, at one end
of a mold, for casting pipes without sodering, by means of
which the melted metal is poured into the mold. 14. ^Sp.,
Port. casta.~\ A breed, race, lineage, kind, sort. — 15. In
Hindostan, a tribe or class of the same rank or profession
16. Atrick. Martin.
CAS-Ta'LI-AIN, a. Pertaining to Castalia, a cool spring on
Parnassus, sacred to the muses.
€AST'A-NET, n. [Sp. castancta, castavuela.] An instru-
ment of music formed of small concave shells of ivory or
hard wood, shaped like spoons.
€AST'A-WAY, n. That wliicn is thrown away. A person
abandoned by God, as unworthy of his favor ; a repro-
bate.
€AST'A-WAY, a. Rejected •, useless ; of no value
CAST'ED, pp. for cast, is not in use.
€AS'TEL-LAN, n. [Sp. castellan,] A governor or consta-
ble of a castle.
€AS'TEL-LA-NY, n. The lordship belonging to a castle ;
or the extent of its land and jurisdiction.
€AS'TEL-LA-TED, a. 1. Inclosed in a bmlding, as a toun-
tain or cistern. 2. Adorned wita turrets and battlements
like a castle.
€AS-TEL-La'TION, n. The act of fortifying a house, and
rendering it a castle.
CaST'ER, n. 1. One who throws or casts ; one who com
putes ; a calculator ; one who calculates fortunes. 2. A
small vial or vessel for the table. 3. A small wheel on a
swivel, on which furniture is cast, or rolled, on the floor.
CAS'TI-GATE, ij. f. [L. castigo.] To chastise ; to punish
bv stripes ; tp correct •, to chasten ; to check.
€AS'Ti-GA-TED, pp. Punished ; corrected.
CAS'Tl-GA-TING, ppr. Punishing ; correcting ; chastising.
€AS-TI-Ga'TIO?^% n. 1. Punishment ; correction ; penance ,
discipline ; emendation ; restraint. — 2. Among the iJo7??a7is,
a military punishment inflicted on offenders, by beating
with a wand or switch.
CAS'TI-GA-TOR, n. One who corrects,
€AS'TI-GA-T0-RY, a. Tending to correction ; corrective ;
punitive. Bramhall.
€AS'TI-GA-T0-RY, 71. An engine formerly used to punish
and correct arrant scolds, called also a ducking-stool, or
trehucket.
€AS'TiLE-SoAP, n. A kind of pure, refined soap.
€AS-TIL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Castile in Spain.
€AS-TIL'Iy\N, n. An inhabitant or native of Castile in
Spain.
CaST'ING, ppr. Throwing ; sending ; computing ; calcu-
lating ; turning ; giving a preponderancy ; deciding ; run-
ning or throwing into a mold to give shape.
CAST'ING, 71. 1. The act of casting or founding. 2. That
which is cast in a mold ; any vessel formed by casting
melted metal into a mold, or in sand. 3. The taking of
casts and impressions of figures, busts, medals, &c.
€aST'ING-NET, n. A net which is cast and drawn, in
distinction from a net that is set and left.
CAST'ING-VOTE, or CAST'ING-YOICE, n. The vote of
a presiding officer, m an assembly or council, which de-
cides a question, wiien the votes of the assembly or house
are equally divided between the affirmative and negative.
- U. States. Coze.
CAS'TLE, (kas'sl) n. [Sax. castel ; L. castellum.] 1. A
house fortified for defense against an enemy ; a fortress.
2. The house or mansion of a nobleman or prince. — 3. In
a ship, there are two parts called by this name ; the fore-
castle, a short deck in tije fore part of the ship, above the
upper deck •, and the hindcastle, at the stern. — Castle in
the air, a visionary project ; a scheme that has no solid
foundation.
CAS'TLE, v.t. In the game of chess, to cover the king with
a castle, by a certain move.
CASTLE-BUILD'ER, n. One who forms visionary
schemes.
CAS'TLE-BUILD'ING, n. The act of building castles lu
the air.
CASTLE-CROWNED, a. Crowned with a castle.
CAS'TLED, a. Furnished with castles. Drydtn.
CAS'TLE-GUARD, 71. A feudal tenure.
CAS'TLE-RY, 7?. The government of a castle.
CAS'TLE-SoAP, n. [from Castile soap.] A kind of soap.
Add.ison.
CAS'TLET, n. A small castle. Leland.
CAS'TLE-WARD, n. An imposition laid for maintaining
watch and ward in the castle.
CAST'LING, n. An abortion or abortive.
• Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNI'i-E.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Tll as in this, f Obsolete
I
CAT
128
CAT
CAS'TOR, 71. [L.] 1. A beaver, an amp):ibious quadruped,
wiiJi a flat, ovate tail, short ears, a blunt nose, small fme
feet, and large hind feet. 2. A reddish brown substance,
of a strong, penelraling smell, taken from bags or cods in
'I'le groin of ilie beaver -. a powerUil antispasmodic. — 3. In
a^-trono?ny, a moiety of the constellation Gemini, called
also Apvllo. — Castor and PuUux, in metcoroloiry, a fiery
meteor, wliich, at sea, appears sometiaies adhering to a
part iif a ship, in the form of balls.
G'VS-To'RE-UM, 7!. The ingiiinal gland of the beaver.
€aS'TO-R[N, ) ?i. An animal principle, prepared by boil-
CAS ?0-RrNE, \ ing castor.
€aS'TUR-(D[L, n. The oil of the riciniis, or palma Christi,
a plant of the West Indies.
XeASTO-RY, n. Trobably the oil drawn from the castore-
um.
€AS-TRA-ME-Ta'TION, n. [L. castrametor.] The art
or act of encampmg ; the marking or laying out of a
camp.
€.AjS'TRATE, v. t. [L. castro.] 1. To geld ; to deprive of
tne testicles •, to emasculate. 2. To take away or re-
trench, as the obscene paits of a v/riting. 3. To take out
a leaf or sheet from a book, and render it imperfect
€AS'TRA-TED, pp. Gelded ; emasculated ; purified from
obscene expressions.
€AS'TRA-TL\G, ppr. Gelding 5 taking away the obscene
parts of a writing.
€AS-TRa'TION, n. Tlie act of gelding: the act or practice
of making eunuchs ; the act of taking away the ob=!cene
parts of a writing ; the act of taking oxit a leaf or sheet of
a book. — In botany th3 cutting off of the anthers, or tops
of the stamens of flowers, before the ripening of the
pollen.
€AS-TRa'TO, n. [It.] A male person emasculated for the
purpose of improving his voice for a sinser.
GAS TREL, or KESTREL, n. A kind of hawk, resembling
the lanner in shape, and the hobby in size.
€AS-TKEX'SIAX, a. [L. castreusis.] Belonging to a camp.
eASU-AL, (cazh'u-al) a. [Ft. c a sue! ; Sp., Port, casual.]
1. Falling ; happening, or coming to pass, without design
in the person or persons affected, anO svithout being fore-
seen, or expected ; accidental •, fortuitous ■, coming by
chance. 2. Occasional ; commg at certain times, without
regularity, in distinction from stated, or regular. 3. Tak-
ing place", or beginning to exist, without an elScient intel-
ligent cause, and without design.
eAS'U-AL-LY, adv. Accidentally ; fortuitously ; without
design ; by chance.
GASU AL-XESS, n. Accidentalness ; the quality of being
casual.
€AS'U-AL-TY, (cazh'u-al-ty) ??. ]. Accident ; that which
comes by chance or without design, or without being fore-
seen •, contingency. 2. An accident that produces unnat-
ural death ; and, by a metonymy, deatn, or other misfor-
tune, occasioned by an accident. — 3. In S:ots la^c, an
emolument due from a vassal to Jiis superior, beyond the
stated vearlv duties, upon certain casual events.
€AS U-IST, (cazh'u-ist) ?f. [It., Sp., Port, ccsiusia.] One
who studies and resolves cases of conscience.
eAg'U-IST, V. i. To play the part of a casuist.
€\fS-Tj l^ Tl F \T { °" ^sl'i^ing to cases of conscience.
€AS'U-IS-TRY, (cazh u-is-try) n. The science or doctrine
of cases of conscience ; the science of determining the
lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do. —
Casus faderis. [L.] The case stipulated by treaty."
€AT, n. [Ir. cat ; Fr. chat.] 1. A name applied to a cer-
tain species of carniverous quadnipeds, of the genus
felis. 2. A ship formed on the Norwegian model. "3. A
strong tackle or combination of pulleys,"to hook and draw
an anchor perpendicularly up to the cat-head of a ship. 4.
A double tripod, having six feet.— Ccf of nine tails, an in-
strument of punishment, consisting of nine pieces of line
or cord.
€AT -BLO€K, n. A two or three fold block, with an iron
strop and large hook, used to draw up an anchor to the
cat-Jiead.
€AT'.-?'-EYE, n. Sun-stone, a subspecies of quartz.
€AT-EYED, a. Having eyes like a cat.
€AT'-FISH, 7(. A species of the squalits, or shark.
GAT'S'-FOOT, n. A plant of the senus ^lechoma.
eAT-GUt, n. The intestines of sheep or lambs, dried and
twisted together, used as strings for violins and other in-
struments.^
€AT-HARP-IXGS, n. Ropes serving to brace in the
shrouds of the lower masts behind their respective yards,
to tighten the shrouds, and give more room to draw in the
yards, when the ship is close hauled.
eAT'-HEAD, n. A strong beam projecting horizontally
over a ship's bows.
€AT'S-HEAD, n. A kind of apple.
"^AT'-HOOK, 71. A strong hook fitted to the cat-block.
eAT-MINT, n. ,A plant of the genus nepeta.
eAT'S'-PAW, n. 1. Among seame?i, a light air, perceived
in a calm, by a rippling of the surface of the water ; also,
a particular tuni in the bight of a rope, made to hook a
tackle on. 2. A dupe ; the instrument which another
uses.
€AT'-SALT, n. A sort of salt beautifully granulated, form
ed out' of the bittern or leach-brine
€AT'SIL-YER, n. A fossU, a species of mica.
€AT'-TAIE, n. 1. A species of reed, of the genus typha
2. A substance growing en nut-trees, oines, ice.
€ATA-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. Kara and paTTricrns.] One who
opposes baptism.
€AT-A-€AUS TI€, a. [Gr. KaraKavixis.] Catacaustic
curves, in geometry, are that species of caustic curves,
which are formed by reflection.
€AT-A-€HRe'SIS, n. [Gr. Karaxprjijis.] An abuse of a
trope or of words ; a figure in rhetoric, when one word
is abusively put for another.
€AT-A-€HRES Ti€, ) a. Belonging to a catachi-esis :
€AT-A-€HflES'Ti-€AL, \ forced 5 far-fetched 5 wrested
from its natural sense.
€AT-A-€HREST1-€AL-LY, adv. In a forced manner.
€AT A-CLYSM, n. [Gr. KaraKXvajxos.] A deluge, or over-
flowing of water. ILUtie used.] Jiall.
€AT'A-€oMB, (cat'a-c5me) n. [Gr. Kara and KVfilSos.]
A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place for the burial 01
the dead.
€AT-A-€OUS'TI€S, v. [Gr. KaraKovu).} That part of
acoustics, or the doctrine of sounds, which treats of re-
flected sounds.
€AT-A-DI-OPTRI€, ) a. [Gr. Kara and )ioi:Touai.] Ee-
€AT-A-DI-OP'TKI-€AL, \ fleeting light.
€^VT'A-DUPE, n. [Gr. nara and (5ou7r£w.] A cataract or
waterfall. Brewer.
€AT-AG-MAT I€, a. [Gr. Karayixa.] That has the qual-
ity of consolidating broken parts.
€AT'A-GRAPH, n. [Gr. Kara and ypa(p^o.] The first
draught of a picture ; also, a profile.
€Ar-A-LE€'Tl€, a. [Gr. Kara and Xeyw.] Pertaining
to metrical composition, or to measure. — Catalectic verses
are such as want cither feet or syllables.
€AT-A-LLP SIS, 1 n. [Gr. KaTa\i]\j.is.] A sudden suppres
€AT A-LEP-SY, J sion of motion and sensation, a kind of
apoplexy, in which the patient is speechless, senseless,
and fixed in one posture.
€AT-A-LEP TI€, a. Pertaining to catalepsy.
t€AT A-LO-GiZE, v. t. To uisert in a catalogue.
€AT A-LOGUE, (kat a-log) 71. [Gr. Kara\oyos.] A list or
enumeration of the names of men or things disposed in
order.
€AT A-LOGUE, v. t. To make a list of. Herbert
€A-TAL PA, n. A large tree of Carolina.
€A-TAL Y-SIS, a. [Gr. KaTa\vuii.] Dissolution. Taylor
[Little iLsed.]
€A-TAM'x\-IlAjNi, ?!. In jiaval language, a float so called.
€AT-A-Me XI-A, n. The menses ; the monthly courses.
€AT-A-Me'XI-AL, a. [Gr. Karapirivioi.] Pertaming to the
catanienia, or menstrual discharges.
€AT'A-.^ilTE, n. [L. cataniiius.] A boy kept for unnat-
ural purposes.
€AT'A-MOUXT, or €AT'A-MOUX'TAIN, 71. Cat of the
mountain ; the wild cat.
€AT'A-PASM, n. [Gr. Kara-aapLU.] A dry powder for
sprinklmg the body. Coxe.
€AT A-PELT, or CATA-PULT, n. [Gr. KaTaT:t\rr,s ; L.
catapulta.] A military engine used by the ancient Greeks
and Romans.
€AT-A-PEL'Tie, a. Pertaming to the catapelt. As a
noun, the catapelt.
€AT-A-PHON'I€S, 7i. [Gr. Kara and (piovr).] The doc-
trine of reflected sounds, a branch of acoustics.
€AT'A-PHRA€T, n. [L. cataphracta.] 1. In the ancient
wilitary art, a piece of heavy defensive armor. 2 A
horseman in complete armor. .Milton.
€AT'A-PLASM, n. [Gr. Ka~a-n\aaKa.] A poultice
t€AT'A-PUCE, 7i. The herb spurge. Chaucer.
€AT'A-PULT, 77. [L. catapulta.] See Catapelt.
CAT A-RA€T, n. [L. cataracta.] 1. A great fall of wa-
ter over a precipice, as that of Niagara. It is a cascade
upon a gi-eat scale. 2. In medicine and surgery, an opaci-
ty of the crystaline lens, or its capsule ; a disorder in the
eye, by which the pupil, which is usually black and
transparent, becomes opake, blue, gray, brown, &c., by
which vision is impaired or destroyed.
€A-TaRRH', n. [L. catarrhus.] A defluxion of mucus from
the membranes of the nose, fauces, and bronchise, with
fever, sneezing, cough, thirst, lassitude, and loss of appe-
tite, called also a cold, coryza. An epidemic catarrh is
called influenza.
€A-TaRRH'AL, ) a. Pertaining to catarrh, produced by
CA-TaRRH'OUS, \ it, or attending it.
See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WH^^T •,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD — t Obsolete
CAT 129
CAT
€A-TAS'TE-RISM, n. [Gr. KaTaffTepicfios.] A constella-
tion, or a placing among the stars.
€A-TAS'TRO-PHE, J ?i. [Gr. /caraarpo^;?.] 1. The change
CA-T^IS'TRO-PHY, ) or revolution which produces the
final event of a dramatic piece 5 or the unfolding and
winding up of the plot. 2. A final event ; conclusion ;
generally, an unfortunate conclusion, calamity, or disaster.
€AT'€ALL, n. A squeaking instrument, used in play-
house's to condemn plays
€ATCH, V, t. pret. and pp. catched, or caught. [Sp. coger.
The popular or common pronunciation is ketch.] 1. To
seize or lay hold on with the hand ; carrying the sense of
pursuit, thrusting forward the hand, or rushing on. 2. To
seize, in a general sense. 3. To seize, as in a snare or
trap ; to insnare ; to entangle. 4. To seize in pursuit ;
hence, simply, to overtake. 5. To take hold ; to communi
cate to. 6. To seize the affections ; to engage and attach
X to. 7. To take or receive by contagion or infection. 8.
To snatch j to take suddenly. 9. To receive something
passing. — To catch at, to endeavor to seize suddenly. —
To catch up, to snatch ; to take up suddenly.
CATCH, V. i. 1. To communicate j to spread by infecting.
2. To seize and hold.
CATCH, n. 1. Seizure ; the act of seizing. 2. Any thing
that seizes or takes hold, as a hook. 3. The posture of
seizing ; a state of preparation to catch, or of watching an
opportunity to seize. 4. A sudden advantage taken. 5
The thing caught, considered as an object of desire ; prof-
it ; advantage. 6. A snatch ; a short interval of action.
7. A little portion. 8. In music, a fugue in the unison,
wherein, to humor some conceit in the words, the melo-
dy is broken, and the sense is interrupted in one part, and
caught and supported by another, or a different sense is
given to the words.
CATCH'A-BLE, a. That may be caught. [JtTot well author-
ized.]
CATCH'ER, n. One who catches ; that which catches,
or in whichjuiy thing is caught.
€ATCH'-FLY, n. A plant of the genus lychnis ; campion.
CATCH'ING, ppr. Seizing ; taking hold ; insnaring ; en-
tangling.
CATCH'IXG, a. Communicating, or that may be communi-
cated by contagion ; infectious.
CATCH PEN-NY, n. Something worthless, particularly a
book or pamphlet, adapted to the popular taste, and in-
tended togain money in market.
CATCH'-PoLL, n. A bailiff's assistant, so called by way
of reproach.
*€ATCn'UP, or*CAT'SUP, n. A liquor extracted from
mushrooms, used as a sauce.
CATCH'-WoRD, n. Among printers, the word placed at
the bottom of each page, under the last line, which is to
be inserted as the first word on the following page.
CATE. See Gates.
CAT-E-CHET'I-CAL, or CAT-E-CHET'IC, a. 1. Relat-
ing to oral instruction, and particularly in the first princi-
ples of the Christian religion. 2. Relating to, or consist-
uig in asking questions and receiving answere.
CAT-E-CHET I-CAL-LY, adv. By question and answer ;
in the way of oral instmction.
CAT'E-CHISE, V. t. [Gr. /caT?7;:^£i^a).] 1. To instruct by
asking questions, receiving answei-s, and offering explana-
tions and corrections. 2. To question ; to interrogate ; to
examine or try by questions, and sometimes with a view
to reproof, by eliciting answers from a person, which con-
demn his own conduct. 3. Appropriately, to ask ques-
tions concerning the doctrines of the Christian religion ;
to interrogate pupils, and give instruction in the princi-
ples of religion.
CAT'E-CHISED, pp. Instructed.
CAT'E-CHlS-ER, n. One who catechises ; one who in-
structs by question and answer, and particularly in the
rudiments of the Christian religion.
CAT'E-CHlS-ING, ppr. Instructing in rudiments or princi-
ples.
CAT'E-CHISM, 71. [Gr. »caT?7;^t(r//of.] A form of instruc-
tion by means of questions and answers, particularly in
the principles of religion. 2. An elementary book, con-
taining a summary of principles in any science or art, but
appropriately in religion, reduced to the form of questions
and answers.
CAT'E-CHIST, n. [Gr. Ka-TjxtcrTT]?.] One who instructs
by question and answer ; a catechiser ; one appointed by
tlie church to instruct in the principles of religion.
CAT-E-€HIST'IC, ) a. Pertaining to a catechist, or cat-
CAT-E-CHIST'I-CAL, \ echism.
CAT-E-CHIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a catechlstical manner.
South.
€AT'E-CHU, 71. Terra Japonica, a dry extract, or brown as-
tringent substance.
CAT-E-CHtJ'MEN, n. [Gr. Karvxovixtva.] One who is
in the first rudiments of Christianity ; one who is receiv-
ing instruction and preparing himself for baptism.
CAT-E-CHU-MEN'I-CAL, a. Belonging to catechumens.
CAT-E-CHtJ'MEN-IST, n. A catechumen.
CAT-E-GOR'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a category. 2. Ab-
solute ; positive ; express ; not relative or hypotheti-
CAT-E-GOR'I-CAL-LY, adv. Absolutely; direcUy ; ex-
pressly ; positively.
CAT'E-GO-RY, n. [Gr. Karvyopia.] In logic, a series or
order of all the predicates or attributes contained under a
genus.
CAT-E-Na'RI-AN, )a. [L. catenarius.] Relating to a
CAT'E-NA-RY, \ chain ; like a chain.
CAT'E-NATE, v. t, [L. catena.] To chain, or rather tc
connect in a series of links or ties.
CAT-E-Na'TION, n. Connection of links, union of paits,
as in a chain ; regular connection. See Concatena-
tion.
CAT'E-NU-LATE, a. Consisting of little links or chains.
Ca'TER, v. i. To provide food ; to buy or procure provis-
ions.
Ca'TER, n. A provider. [See Caterer.] Old Eng. achor-
tor. Chaucer.
Ca'TER, n. The four of cards or dice ; so written for Fr
quatre.
Ca'TER-COUS'IN, n. A quatre-cousin, a remote rela
tion.
Ca'TER -ER, n. [from cater. In Chaucer, achator, from
achcter.] A provider, buyer, or purveyor of provisions.
Ca'TER-ESS, n. A woman who caters ; a female provider
of food.
CAT'ER-PIL-LAR, 71. The colored and often hauy larva
of the lepidopterou^ insects.
CAT'ER-PIL-LAR-eAT ER, n. A worm bred in the body
of a caterpillar, which eats it.
CAT'ER-WAUL, v. i. To cry or waul, as cats in rutting
time ; to make a harsh, offensive noise.
CAT'ER-WAUL-ING, ji. The cry of cats ; a harsh, disa-
greeable noise or cry.
Ca'TER-Y, 71. The place where provisions are deposited.
CaTES, 71. Delicious food or viands ; dainties.
CATH'A-RIST, n. [Gr. Kadapos.] One who pretends to
more purity than others possess.
CA-THaR'TIC, or CA-THARTI-CAL, a. [Gr. KaBapri-
KOi.] Purging ; cleansing the bowels ; promoting evacu-
ations by stool •, purgative.
CA-THaR'TIC, 71. A medicine that promotes alvine dis-
charges, and thus cleanses the stomach and bowels ; a
purge ; a purgative.
€A-THAR'TI-CAL-NESS,7!. The quality of promoting dis-
charges from the bowels.
CA-THe'DRAL, 7). [L. cathedra.] The see or seat of a
bishop_; the principal church in a diocese.
CA-THe'DRAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the church which is
the bishop's seat, or head church of a diocese ; containing
the see of a bishop. 2. Resembling the aisles of a cathe-
dral.
CATH'E-DRA-TED, a. Relating to the authority of the
chair or office of a teacher.
CATH'E-RiNE-PEaR, n. An inferior kind of pear.
CATH'E-TER, 71- [Gr. Kadervp.] In s^irgery, a tubular
instrument, usually made of silver, to be introduced into
the bladder, to draw off the urine when the natural dis-
charge is suppressed.
CATH'E-TUS, n. [Gr. Kaderog.] In geometry, a line or
radius, falling perpendicularly on another line or surface.
CATHOLES, 71. Two little holes astern above the gun-
room ports of a ship.
CATH'O-LIC, a. [Gr. Kaeo\iK.og.] 1. Universal or general ;
as, the Catholic church. 2. Liberal ; not narrow-minded,
partial or bigoted. — Catholic epistles, the epistles of the
apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to
a particular church.
CATH'O-LIC, 71. A papist.
CA-THOL'I-CAL, a. General. Orerrory.
* CATH O-Ll-Cisai, n. 1 . Adherence to the Catholic church
2. Universality, or the orthodox faith of the whole church
3. More generally, liberality of sentiments.
*CATHO-LI-ClZE, v. i. To become a Catholic. [Little
used.]
CATH'O-LIC-LY, adv. Generally ; in a Catholic manner
CATH'0-LIC-NESS, n. Universality.
CA-THOL'I-CON, n. [Gr. KadoXiKov.] A remedy for all
diseases ; a universal remedy ; a remedy supposed to be
efiicaciousin purging away all humors ; a panacea.
CAT'I-LIN-ISM, 71. The practices of Catiline, the Roman
conspirator ; conspiracy.
CAT'KIN, 71. In botany, a species of calyx, or rather of in-
florescence.
CAT'-LIKE, a. Resembling a cat. Shak.
CATTjING, 71. 1. A dismembering knife, used by surgeons
2. The down or moss growing about walnut-trees, resem-
bling the hair of a cat, 3. Catgut. Shak.
CAT'NIP, 71. A plant ; cat-mint.
* See Synopsis
MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.2-C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this.
t Obsolete.
CAU
130
CAV
6A-T0 NI-AN, a. Pertaining to or resembling Cato ; grave j
severe ; inflexible.
€A-TOP'TER, or€A-TOP'TRON, n. [Gr. KaroTTTpov.] An
optical glass or instrument. «
€A-TOPiTIll€, ; a. Relating to catoptricg, or vision by
eA-TOP'Tia-€AL, \ reflection.
€A-TOP'TRI€S, 71. [Gr. KaToriTpiKos.] That part of optics
which explains the properties of reflected light.
€A-TOPTRO-MAN-CY, w. [Gr. KUToizTponavTSta.] A spe-
cies of divination among the ancients.
€AT'-PIPE. See Catcall.
* GAT'SUP. See Catchup, Ketchup.
GAT'TLE, n. sing, or plu. [Norm, catal, chastel.] 1.
Beasts or quadrupeds in general, serving for tillage, or
other labor, and for food to man. In its jrrimary sense,
the word includes cajnels, horses, asses, all the varieties
of domesticated horned beasts, of the bovine genus, sheep
of all kinds, and goats. 2. In the United States, cattle, in
common usage, signifies only beasts of the bovine genus,
oxen, bulls, cows, and their young. 3. In reproach,, hu-
man beings are called cattle.
GAU-Ga'SIAN, or GAU-GA-Se'AN, a. Pertaining to
Mount Caucasus in Asia.
GAUG'US, n. A word used, in America, to denote a meet-
ing of citizens to agree upon candidates, to be proposed
for election to offices, or to concert measures for sup-
porting a party. The origin of the word is not ascer-
tained.
GAUD'AL, a. [1,. cauda.'] Pertaining to a tail; or to the
thread which terminates the seed of a plant.
€AUD'A-TED ( °" ^^' '^"''"''^""l Having a tail. Fairfax.
GAUD'EX, n. ; pZzt. Caudexe3. [L.] In botany, the stem
of a tree.
GAU'DLE, n. [Fr. chaudeati.'] A kind of warm broth, a
mixture of wine and other ingredients.
CAU'DLE, V. t. To make or prepare caudle, or to dress
with caudle. Shak.
GAUF, n. A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in
'water.
GAUGHT, (cawt) pret. and pp. of catck.
GAUK, or GAWK, n. A name giveji, by miners, to cer-
tain specimens of the compact sulphate of barytes.
GAUK'Y, a. Pertaining to cauk ; like cauk.
GAUL, 71. [L. caula.] 1. In anatomy, a membrane in the
abdomen, covering the greatest part of the lower intes-
tines. 2. A kind of net in which females inclose their
hair ; the hinder part of a cap. 3. Any kind of net.
GAU-LES'CENT, a. [L. caulis.} In botany, having a stem
different from that which produces the flower.
GAU'LET, n. [L. caulus.] Colewort.
GAU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. caulis and fero.] In botany,hav-
ing a stem or stalk.
GAUL'I-FLOW-ER, n. [It. cavolfiorc.] A variety of bras-
sica, or cabbage, well known and much esteemed.
GAUL'I-FOllM, a. [L. caulis and forma.] Having the fonn
of a stalk, or of stems.
GAUL'INE, a. [L. caulis.] In botany, growing immediate-
ly on the stem.
GAULK. See Calk.
t GAUP'0-NATE, v. i. [1.. caitponm:] To keep a victual-
ing house.
j-GAUP'0-NTSE, V. t. To sell wine or victuals.
GAtJS'A-BLE, a. That may be caused, produced oreflTected.
GAUS'AL, a. Relating to a cause or causes ; implying or
containing a cause ot causes ; expressing a cause.
GAUS'AL, n. In grammar, a word that expresses a c;iuse,
or introduces the reason.
GAUS-AL'I-TY, 71. The agency of a cause ; the action or
power of a cause, in producing its effect.
€AUS'AL-LY, ado. According to the order or series of
causes. Brown.
GAUS'AL-TY, n. Amongminers, the lighter, earthy parts
of ore^*carried off by washing.
GAUS-a'TION, n. The act of causing or producing ; the
act or agency by which an effect is produced.
GAUS'A-TiVE, a. That expresses a cause or reason ; also,
that effects as a cause.
GAUS'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In a causative manner.
GAUS-A'TOR, 71. One who causes or produces an effect.
CAUSE, n. [Fr. caiwe ; Sp,, Port., It. causa ; L. catisa.] 1. A
suit or action in court ; any legal process which a party
institutes to obtain his demand. 2. That which produces
an effect 5 that by virtue of which anything is done ; that
from which any thing proceeds, and without which it
would not exist. 3. The reason or motive that urges,
moves, or impels the mind to act or decide. 4. Sake ;
account. 5. That which a party or nation pursues ; or
rather pursuit, prosecution of an object. — 6. Without cause,
without good reason.
GAUSE, V. t. 1. To produce ; to bring into existence. 2. To
effect by agency, power, or influence.
t GAUSE, V. i. To assign insufficient cause.
GAUSED, pp. Produced ; efl'ected ; brought about.
GAUSE'LESS, a. 1. Having no cause, or producing agent.
2. Without just ground, reason or motive.
GAUSE'LESS-LY, adv. Without cause or reason.
GAUSE'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being causeless.
GAUS'ER, n. He that causes ; the agent by which an efl'ect
GAUS'EY, (cauz'y) 71. [Norm, calsay ; Fr. chaussee.] A
way raised above the natural level of the ground, by
stones, earth, timber, fascines, &c., serving as a dry pas
sage over wet or marshy ground.
GAU-SID'I-GAL, a. [L. causidicus.] Pertaining to an ad
vocate, or to the maintenance and defense of suits.
GAUS'ING,pipr. Producing; effecting; bringing into being
GAUS'TIG, ) a. [Gr. KavartKog.] Burning ; corroding ;
G AUS'TI-G AL, ) destroying the textm-e of animal flesh .
GAUS'TIG, n. In medicine, any substance which, applied to
living animals, acts like fire ; an escharotic.
GAUS-TIC I-TY, n. The quality of acting like fire on ani-
mal matter.
GAUS'TIG-NESS, n. The quality of being caustic. Scott.
jGAU'TEL, 71. [L. cautela.] Caution. Shak.
GAU'TEL-OUS, a. [Fr. cauteleux.] 1. Cautious ; wary ;
provident. 2. Cunning ; treacherous ; wily.
GAU'TEL-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Cunningly ; slily ; treacher-
ously. Bacon. 2. Cautiously ; warily. Brown.
GAU'TEL-OUS-NESS, n. Cautiousness.
GAU'TER, n. A searing hot iron. Minsheu.
GAU'TER-ISM, n. The application of cauterj-.
GAU,TER-I-Za'TION, 71. In surgery, the act of burning
or searingsome morbid part, by the application of fire.
GAU'TER-iZE, v. t. [Fr. cauteriser.] To burn or sear with
fire or a hot iron, as morbid flesh.
GAU'TER-lZED, pp. Burnt or seared with a hot iron.
€'AUiTER-lZ-mG, ppr. Burning, as with a hot iron.
GAU'TER-iZ-ING, 71. The act of burning, as with a hot
iron.
GAU'TER-Y, n. [Gr. KavTrjpiov.] A burning or searing, a3
of morbid flesh, by a hot iron, or by caustic medicines.
GAU'TION, 71. [L. cautio ; Fr. caution.] 1. Provident care ;
prudence in regard to danger ; wariness. 2. Security for
3. Provision or security against ; measures taken for se-
curity. 4. Precept ; advice ; injunction ; warning ; ex-
hortation, intended as security or guard against evil.
GAU'TION, V. t. To give notice of danger ; to warn ; to
exhort ; to take heed.
GAU'TfON-A-RY, a. 1. Containing caution, or warning, to
avoid danger. 2. Given as a pledge or in security.
GAU'TIONED, pp. Warned ; previously admonished.
GAU'TION-ER, n. In Scots law, the person who is bound
for another, to the performance of an obligation.
GAU'TION-ING, jj;)r. Warning; giving previous notice of
danger.
GAU'TION-RY, n. In Scots law, the act of giving security
for another.
GAU'TIOUS, a. Wary ; watchful ; careful to avoid evils ,
attentive to examine probable effects and consequences
of measures, with a view to avoid danger or misfortune ;
prudent ; circumspect.
GAU'TIOUS-LY, adv. With caution ; in a wary, scrapu-
lous manner.
GAU'TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being cautious,
watchfulness ; provident care ; circumspection ; prudence
with regard to danger.
GAV'AL-GADE, n. [Fr. cavalcade.] A procession of per
sons on horseback.
GAV-A-LIeR', 71. 1. A horseman, especially an armed
horseman ; a knight. 2. A gay, sprightly, military man.
3. The appellation of the party of king Charles 1.— 4. In
fortification, an elevation of earth, situated ordinarily in
the gorge of a bastion, bordered with a parapet, with em-
brasures. — 5. In the manege, one who understands horse-
' manship._
GAV-A-LIeR', a. 1. Gay ; sprightly; warlike; brave;
generous._ 2. Haughty ; disdainful.
GAV-A-LIkR'LY, adv. Haughtily ; arrogantly ; disdain-
fully.
GAV-A-LIeR'NESS, n. Haughtiness ; a disdainful man
ner.
GAVAL-RY, 71. [Fr. cavalerie.] A body of military troops
on horses ; a general term, including light-horse, dragoons,
and other bodies of men, serving on horseback.
Ga'VATE, v. t: To dig out and make hollow ; but super-
seded by excavate.
GAV-A-Ti'NA, 71. [It.] In music, a short air, without a
return or second part, which is sometimes relieved by reci-
tative.
GA-Va'ZION, n. [L. cava.] In architecture, the underdig
ging or hollowing of the earth for the foundation of a
building.
GAVE, n. [Fr. cave ; L. cavea.] A hollow place in the
earth ; a subterraneous cavern ; a den.
GAVE, v. t. To make hollow. Spenser.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH>^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, BIARINE, BIRD
t Obsolete.
CEI
131
CEM
GAVE, V. i. To dwell in a cave. Sliak.—To cave in^ to fall
in and leave a hollow.
eA'VE-AT, n. [L.] 1. In law, a process in a court, especially
in a spiritual court, to stop proceedings, as to stop ttie prov-
ing of a will ; also, to prevent the institution of a clerk
to a benefice. — In America, it is used in courts of common
law. 2. Intimation of caution j hint ; warning ; admo-
nition.
Ga'VE-AT, v. i. To enter a caveat. Judge Imies.
€a'VE-A-TING, n. In fencing, the shifting of the sword
from one side of an adversary to the other.
eA'VE-A-TOK,, n. One who enters a caveat. Judge Innes.
eAV'ERN, 71. [L. caverna.} A deep, hollow place in the
earth.
eAV'ERNED, a. 1. Full of caverns, or deep chasms ; hav-
ing caverns. 2. Inhabiting a cavern.
eAV'ERN-OUS, a. [L. cavernosus.] Hollow ; full of cav-
erns. Woodward.
eAV-ERN'U-LOUS, a. [L. cavermda.'] Full of little cavi-
ties.
€A-VET'T0, n. [from It. cavo.'] In architecture, a hollow
member, or round concave molding.
€AV'£-ZON, or €AV'ES-SON, n. [Fr. caveman, or caves-
son.] A sort of nose-band, which is put on the nose of a
horse to forward the breaking of him.
€A-V"L\R', (ca-veer') n. [Sp. cabial ; It. caviale.] The roes
of certain large fish, prepared and salted.
€AV'IL, V. i. [Sp. cavilar.] 1. To raise captious and frivo-
lous objections ; to find fault without good reason. 2. To
advance futile objections, or to frame sophisms, for the
sake of victory in an argument.
€AV'IL, V. t. To receive or treat with objections. {JVot
€AV'IL, 71. False or frivolous objections ; a fallacious kind
of reason.
€AV'IL-ER, n. One who cavils ; one who is apt to raise cap-
tious objections ; a captious disputant.
€AV'1L-1NG, ppr. Raising frivolous objections.
€AV'IL-ING-LY, adv. In a caviling manner.
€AV'IL-ING-NESS, n. The disposition to cavil.
€AV-IL-a'TION, 71. [L. cavillatio.] The act or practice
of caviling, or raising frivolous objections.
CAVI'L-OUS, a. Captious ; unfair in argument ; apt to ob-
ject without good reason.
€AV'ILr-0US-LY, adv. In a cavilous manner ; captiously.
eAVTL-OUS-NESS, n. Captiousness ; disposition or apti-
tude to raise frivolous objections.
€A\''LN, n. [Fr.] In the militanj art, a hcJlow way, or
natural hollow, adapted to cover troops.
CAV'I-TY, n. [L. cavitas.] A hollow place ; hollowness ;
an opening.
€AV'0-LIN-ITE, n. Vesuvian mineral.
€a'VY, 71. A genus of quadrupeds, holding a middle place
between the murine and leporine tribes.
eAW, V. i. [Sax. ceo.] To cry like a crow, rook, or raven.
CAX'ON, 71. A cant expression for a wig.
€AX'OU, n. [Sp. caxa, caxo7i.] A chest of ores of any
metal that has been burnt, ground and washed, and is
ready to be refined. [Local.]
€a Y'AIAN, n. An animal of the genus lacerta, found in the
West Indies ; the alligator.
CA-ZW, or €A-ZiaUE', (ca-zeek') 7i. The title of a king
or chief among several tribes of Indians in America.
CkASE, v. i. [Fr. cesser.] 1. To stop moving, acting or
speaking ; to leave ofi" ; to give over. 2. To fail ; to be
wanting. 3. To stop ; to be at an end. 4. To be forgot-
ten. 5. To abstain.
CliiASE, V. t. To put a stop to ; to put an end to. Milton.
t Cease, n. Extinction. Shak.
CeASE'LESS, a. 1. Without a stop or pause ; incessant ",
continual ; without intermission. 2. Endless ; enduring
for ever.
CeASE'LESS-LY, adv. Incessantly ; perpetually.
CeAS'ING, ppr. Stopping ; ending ; desisting ; failing.
CEG-GHIN', 71. A com of Italy and Barbary. See Zechin.
*Ce'CI-TY, 71. [L. ccscitas.] Blindness. Brown.
t CE-€ufTIEN-CY, 71. Tendency to blindness.
CE'DAR, 77. [L. cedrus.] A tree.
Ce'DAR^IKE, a. Resembling a cedar.
Ce'DARN, a. Pertaining to the cedar. Milton.
CEDE, V. t. [Fr. ceder.] 1. To yield ; to surrender •, to give
up ; to resign. 2. To relinquish and grant.
CeD'ED, pp. Yielded ; surrendered ; given up.
CkB'ING, ppr. Yielding; giving up.
Ce'DRAT, n. A species of citron-tree.
Ck'DRiNE, a. Belonging to cedar.
Ce'DRY, a. Having the color or properties of cedar.
t CED'ULE, 71. A scroll ; a writing. Cotsravc.
CED'U-OUS, a. Fit to be felled. Evelyn,
(JEIL, (seel) v. t. [Sp. cielo.] To overlay or cover the inner
roof of a building ; or to cover the top or roof of a room.
('ElLED, pp. Overlaid with timber, or with plastering.
(/ElL'ING, ppr. Covering the top of a room or building.
Ceiling, n. l. The covering which overlays the inner
roof of a building, or the timbers which form the top ot a
room. — 2._ In ship-building, the inside planks of a ship.
CEL'AN-DlNE, n. [D. celedonie.] A plant, swallow-wort,
horned or prickly poppy.
*Ce'LA-TURE, 71. [L. ccelatura.] 1. The act or art of en-
graving or embossing. 2. That which is engraved.
CEL'E-BRATE, v. t. [Fr. celebrer ; L. celebro.] 1. To
praise ; to extol ; to commend ; to give praise to ; to make
famous. 2. To distinguish by solemn rites ; to keep holy
3. To honor or distinguish by ceremonies and marks of
joy and respect. 4. To mention in a solemn manner,
whether of joy or sorrow.
CEL'E-BRA-TED, pp. Praised ; extolled ; honored.
CEL'E-BRA-TING, ppr. Praising ; honoring.
CEL-E-BR A'TION, 71. 1. Solemn performance ; a distinguish
ing by solemn rites. 2. A distinguishing by ceremonies,
or by marks of joy or respect. 3. Praise ; renown ; honor
or distinction bestowed.
CEL'E-BRA-TOR, n. One who celebrates.
CE-Le'BRI-OUS, a. Famous ; renowned, [Little used.]
CE-Le'BRI-OUS-LY, adv. With praise or renown. [L. u.]
CE-Le'BRI-OUS-NESS, 71. Fame ; renown. [Little used.]
CE-LEB'RI-TY, n. [L. celebritas.] 1. Fame ; renown : the
distinction or honor publicly bestowed on a nation or per-
son, on character or exploits. 2. Public and splendid
transaction.
CEL'E-RI. See Celery.
CE-Le'RI-A€, 71. A variety of celery, called also the tur
nep-rooted celery. See Celery.
CE-LER'I-TY, 71. [L. celeritas.] 1. Rapidity in motion ;
swiftness ; speed. 2. An affection of motion by v/hich a
movable body runs through a given space in a given
time.
CEL'E-RY, n. [Fr. celeri.] A plant, a species of apium,
cultivated for the table.
CE-LES'TIAL, a. [L. calestis.] 1. Heavenly ; belonging
or relating to heaven ; dwelling in heaven. 2. Belonging
to the upper regions, or visible heaven. 3. Descending
from heaven.
CE-LES'TIAL, n. An inhabitant of heaven. Pope.
CE-LES'TIAL-LY, adv. In a heavenly or transporting
manner.
fCB-LES'TI-F'V', V. t. To communicate something of a
heavenly nature to any tiling.
CEL'ES-TIN, ) n. In mineralogy, native sulphate of
CEL'ES-TINE, \ strontian.
CEL'ES-TINS, 71. A religious order, so named from Pope
_Celestin.
Ce'LI-AC, a. [Jj. cceliacv^.] Pertaining to the lower belly,
or intestines.
* CE-LIB'A-CY, or CEL'I-BA-CY, n. [L. calebs, cceliba-
tus.'^ An unmarried state ; a single life.
CELI'-BATE, 71. A single life ; celibacy.
CELL, n. [L. cella.] 1. A small or close apartment, as in a
prison, or a bath. 2. A cottage ; a cave 5 a small or mean
place of residence. 3. A small cavity or hollow place,
variously applied. — 4. In botany, a hollow place in a peri-
carp, particularly in a capsule, in which seeds are lodged.
— 5. In anatomy, a little bag, or bladder, containing fluid
or other matter. 6. A religious house.
CEL'L AR, 71. [L. cellarium .] A room under a house or other
building, used as a repository of liquors, provisions, and
other stores for a family.
CEL'L AR- AGE, n. The room for a cellar ; a cellar, or cel-
lars.
CEL'LA-RET, n. A case of cabinet work, for holding bot-
tles of liquors. [Local.]
CEL'LAR-IST, or CEL'L AR-ER, n. An officer in a monas-
tery who has the care of the cellar.
fCEL'LER-ER, 71. A butler.
CEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cella and fero.] Bearing or pro-
ducing cells.
CEL'LU-LAR, a. [L. cellula.] Consisting of cells, or con-
taining cells. Kirwan. — The cellular membrane, in dimm?A
bodies, is composed of an infinite number of minute cells,
communicating with each other.
fCEL'LULE, n. A little cell.
CEL-LU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cellula and/ero.] Bearing or
producing little cells.
CELS'I-TUDE, 71. [L. celsitudo.] Height ; elevation. Chau-
cer.
CELT, n. One of the primitive inhabitants of the South of
Europe. See Celtic.
CEL-TI-Be'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Celtiberia.
CEL-TI-Be'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of Celtiberia.
CELT'IC, a. [W. Celt.] Pertaining to the primitive inhab-
itants of the South and West of Europe, or to the early
inhabitants of Italy, Gaul, Spain and Britain.
CELT'I€, n. The language of the Celts.
CELT'I-CISM, 71. The manners and custcais of the Celts.
WartoTU
CELT'IS, 71. The nettle-tree, of several species.
CEM'ENT, 71. [L. camentum.] 1. Any glutinous or other
substance, capable of uniting bodies in close cohesion,
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
CEN
132
CEN
2. Bond of union ; that which unites finnly. 3. Pow-
ders, or pastes, surrounding bodies in pots and crucibles,
for chemical purposes.
CE-MENT', V. t. 1. To unite by the application of matter
that produces cohesion of bodies. 2. To unite firmly or
closely,
CE-MENT', V. i. To unite or become solid ; to unite and
cohere.
CEM-EN-Ta'TION, n. 1, The act of cementing ; the act
of uniting by a suitable substance.— 2. In chemistry, the
act of applying cements to substances, or the corroding
and changing of them by cement.
CE-ftlENT'A-TO-RY, a. Cementing ; having the quality
of uniting firmly.
CE-MENT'ED,p^. United by cement ; changed by cement ;
firmly uaited j consolidated.
CE-MENTER, n The person or thing that cements.
OE-JMEN'FING, ppr. Uniting by cement ; changing by
means of a cement ; uniting closely •, consolidating.
CEM-EN-Tl"TIOUS, a. Having the quality of cementing ;
conglutinating j tending to unite or consolidate.
CEM'E-TER-Y, n. [L. cmmeterium.'] A place where the
dead bodies of human beings are buried.
CEN and CIN denote kinsfolk. Gibson.
*CIiN"'A-TO-RY, a. [L. cmnatorius.] Pertaining or relat-
ing to supper. Brown.
Ce'NO-BiTE, m. [Gi. Koivofiiorrig.] One of a religious order,
who live in a convent, or in community.
CEN-O-BIT'IC, I a. Living in community, as men be-
CEN-0-BIT'I-€AL, \ longing to a convent.
Ce'NO-BY, n. A place where persons live in community.
Buck.
CEN'0-TAPH, 71. [Gr. Ksvoracbiov.] An empty tomb erect-
ed in honor of some deceased person ; a monument erect-
ed to one who is buried elsewhere.
CENSE, (sens) n. [L. census.] 1. A public rate or tax.
Bacon. 2. Condition ; rank ; [obs.] B. Jonson.
CENSE, V. t. [Fr. encenser.] To perfume with odors from
burning substances.
CENS'ER, n. [Fr. encensoir.] A vase or pan in which in-
cense is burned.
CENS'ING, ppr. PFrfuming with odore,
jCEN'SION, 71. [L. censio.] A rate, tax, or assessment.
J. Hall.
CENS'OR, 71. [L. censor.] 1, An officer in ancient Rome,
whose business was to register the eifects of the citizens,
to inspect their manners, and impose taxes. 2. One who
is empowered to examine all manuscripts and books, be-
fore they are committed to the press. 3. One who is giv-
en to censure.
€EN-So'RI-AL, / a. 1. Belonging to a censor, or to the
CEN-So'RI-AN, <) correction of public morals. 2. Full of
censure. See Censorious, the proper word.
CEN-So'RI-OUS, a. 1. Addicted to censure ; apt to blame
or condemn ; severe in making remarks on others, or on
tb'feir writings or manners. 2. Implying or expressing
censure.
CEN-So'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a censorious manner.
CEN-So'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Disposition to blame and
condemn; tbe habit of censuring or reproaching. 2. The
quality of being censorious.
CENS'OR-LIKE, a. Censorious •, austere. Cotgrave.
CENS'OR-SHIF, 7i. The office or dignity of a censor ; the
time during which a censor holds his office.
CENS'U-AL, (sen'shu-al) a. [Ij. censuali^.] Relating to, or
containing a census 5 liable to be rated.
CENS U-RA-BLE, (sen'shu-ra-bl) a. [See Censure.] Wor-
thv of censure ; blamable ; culpable ; reprehensible ;
faulty.
CENS U-RA-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; fitness to be
censured. Whitlock.
CENS'U-RA-BLY, adv In a manner worthy of blame.
CENS'URE, (sen'shur) n. [L. censura ; Fr. censure.] 1. The
act of blaming or finding fault, and condemning as wrong.
2. Judicial sentence ; judgment that condemns.
CENS'URE, (sen'shur) v. t. [Fr. cens^irer.] 1. To find fault
with and condemn as wrong ; to blame ; to express dis-
approbation of. -2 To condemn by a judicial sentence,
as in ecclesiastical ailalrs. 3. To estimate ; [not in use.]
Shak.
tCENS'URE, 7?. i. To judge.
CENS'URED, pp. Blamed ; reproved ; condemned.
CENS'UR-ING, ppr. Blaming; finding fault withj con-
demning.
CENS'US, 7i [L. from censeo. See Cense. l 1. In ancient
Rome, an authentic declaration made before the censors,
by the citizens, of their names and places of abode. 2, In
the United States d/ ./Smenca, an enumeration of the in-
habitants, taken by public authority.
CENT, 71. [Fr. cent.] 1. A hundred. In commerce, per
cent, denotes a certain rate by tlie hundred.— 2. In the
United States of .America, a copper coin whose valu« is
the hundredth part of a dollar.
CENT'A6E, 71. Rate by the cent or hundred.
CEN'TAUR, 71. [L. eentaurus.] 1. In mytholoay, a fabu-
lous being, supposed to be half man and half horse
2. Part of a southern constellation, in form of a centaur ,
the archer. Encyc.
CEN'TAUR-LIKE, a. Having the appearance of a centaur
CEN'TAU-RY, 71. [L. centaurea.] The name of a plant,
and a genus of plants, of numerous species.
CEN-TE-Na'RI -AN, n. A person a hundred years old
Trans, of Malte-Brun.
CENT'EN-A-RY, n. [L. centenarius. ] The number of a
hundred.
CENT'EN-A-RY, a. Relating to a hundred ; consisting of
a hundred.
CEN-TEN'NI-AL, a. [L. centum.] 1. Consisting of a hun-
dred years, or completing that term. 2. Pertaining to a
hundred years. 3. Happening every hundred years.
CEN-TES'1-MAL, a. [L. centesimus.] The hundredth. As
a noun, the next step of progression after decimal in the
arithmetic of fractions.
CEN-TES-I-Ma'TION, 71, A military punishment, for de-
sertion, mutiny or the like, where one person in a hundred
is selected for execution,
fCEN'TESM, n. [lu. centesimus.] The hundredth part of
an integej or thing,
CEN-TI-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. centum and/oZam,] Having a
hundred leaves.
CEN'TI-GRADE, a. {1,. centum sxidi gradus.] Consisting of
a hundred degrees ; graduated into a hundred divisions
or equal parts,
CEN'TI-GRAM, n. [L. centum, and gram.] In French meas-
ure, the hundredth part of a gram.
CEN'TI-LIT-ER, 71. [L. centum, and ¥r. litre, ox litron.]
The hundredth part of a liter.
CEN-TIL'O-aUY, n. An hundred-fold discourse. Burton.
CEN-TIM'E-TER, 71. [L. centum, and Gr. yarpov.] In
French measure, the hundredth part oi a. metre.
fCEN'TI-NO-DY, 7!. Knotgrass.
CEN'TI-PED, n. [L. centipeda.] An insect having a hun
dred feet.
CEN'TI-PEE, for centiped, is not used.
CENT'NER, 71. [L. centum, centenarius.] In metallurgy
and assaying, a docimastic hundred.
CEN'TO, 71. [L.] A composition formed by verses or pas-
sages from other authors, disposed in a new order.
CEN'TRAL, a. [L. centralis.] Relating to the centre;
placed in the centre or middle ; containing the centre, or
pertaining to the parts near the centre. — Central forces', in
mechanics, the powers which cause a moving body to
tend towards or recede from the centre of motion.
CEN-TRAL'I-TY, n. The state of being central.
CEN'TRAL-LY, adv. With regard to the centre ; in a cen-
tral manner.
CEN'TRE, ) 71. [Gr. KEVTpov.] 1. A point equally distant
CEN'TER, \ from the extremities of a line, figure, or body ;
the middle point or place. 2. The middle or central object.
In an army, the body of troops occupying the place in the
line between the wings 3, A single body or house.
CEN'TRE, Iv.t. 1. To place on a centre ; to fix on a central
CEN'TER, \ point. 2. To collect to a point.
CEN'TRE, ) V. i. 1. To be collected to a point, 2. To be
CEN'TER, \ coUected to a point ; to rest on. 3. To be
placed in the middle.
CEN'TRED, pp. Collected to a point or centre ; fixed on
a central point.
CEN'TRING, ppr. Placing on the centre ; collecting to a
point.
CEN'TRIC, a. Placed in the centre or middle.
CEN'TRI-€AL-LY, adv. In a central position.
CEN'TRI-CAL-NESS, n. Situation in the centre,
* CEN-TRlF'U-GAL, a. [L. centrum and fugio.] Tending
to recede from the centre. — The centrifugal force of a
body is that force by which all bodies moving round ano-
ther body in a curve tend to fly off from the axis of their
motion.
* CEN-TRlP'E-TAL, a. [L, centrum and peto.] Tending
towards the centre. — Centripetal force is that force whicij
draws or impels a body towards some point as a
centre. [JVoie. The common accentuation of centrifugal
and centripetal is artificial and harsh. The accent on the
first and third syllables, as in circumpolar, would be natu-
ral and easy.]
CEN'TUM-VIR, 71. [L. centum and vir.] One of a hundred
and five judges, in ancient Rome.
CEN-TUM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the centumvirs,
CEN'TU-PLE, a. [Fr.] A hundred fold.
CEN'TU-PLE, V. t. To multiply a hundred fold.
CEN-Tt)'PLI-€ATE, v. t. [L. centum and plicatus.] To
makea hundred fold.
CEN-Tu'RI-AL, a. Relating to a century, or a hundred
j'eare. J Woodbridge.
CEN-Ttf'RI-ATE, v. t. [L. ceniurio.] To divide into hun-
dreds,
CEN-TU-RI-A'TOR, or CEN'TU-RIST, n. [Fr. centuria-
teur.] An historian who distinguishes time into centuries.
See Synopsis. 5, E, I, O U Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
CER
133
CES
CEN-TO'RI-ON, ?i. [L. centiirio.] Among the Romans, a
military officer who commanded a hundred men.
CEN'TU-RY, n. [L. centuria.] ]. In a general sense, a.
hundred. 2. A division of the Roman people; a compa-
ny consisting of a hundred men. 3. A period of a hun-
dred years.
CENT-ZONT'LI, n. The Mexican name of the turduspoly-
glottus, or mocking thrush.
CEOL, Sax. a ship, L. celox, or Eng. keel. This word is
sometimes found prefixed to names.
CEPH-A-LAL'61€, n. A medicine good for the headache.
CEPH'A-LAL-6Y, 71. [Gr. Kt<pa\a\'yia.'\ The headache.
CE-PHAL'I€, a. [Gr. /c£0aXt«:of.] Pertaining to the head.
CE-PHAL'ie, 71. A medicine for headache or other disorder
in the_head.
CE-PHe'US, n. A constellation in the northern hemi-
sphere.
Cis'PHUS, 71. A fowl of the duck kind ; also, a species of
monkey, the mona.
CER-A-SEE', n. The male balsam apple.
(';ER'A-SIN, n. [L. cerasus.'] Any gummy substance which
swells in cold water, but does not readily dissolve in it.
CER'A-SITE, 71. [L. cerasum.'] A petrifaction resembling a
cherry.
CE-RAS'TES, n. [Gr. Kt^aaTm-] In zoology, the name of
a serpent, of the genus coluber.
Ce'RATE, n. [L. ccratum.] A thick kind of ointment, com-
pt.'sed of wax and oil, with other ingredients.
Ck'RA-TED, a. [L. ccratus.] Covered with wax.
CERE, n. The naked skm that covers the base of a hawk's
bill.
CERE, V. t. [L. cera.'\ To wax^ or cover with wax.
t CE-RE-A'LI-OUS, a. Pertaining to corn. Sir. T. Broicn.
CER'E-BEL, \ n. [L. cerebellum.] The hinder part
CER-E-BEL'LUM, \ of the head, or the little brain.
CER'E-BRAL, ) a. [L. cerebrum, the brain.] Pertaining to
CER'E-BRINE, \ the cerebrum, or brain.
CeRE'€LOTH, n. [L. cera, and cloth.] A cloth smeared
with melted wax, or with some gummy or glutinous mat-
ter.
CSRE'MENT, n. [L. cera.] Cloths dipped in melted wax,
with which dead bodies were infolded when embalmed.
CER-E-Mo'NI-AL, a. 1. Relating to ceremony, or external
rite ; ritual ; according to the forms of established rites.
2. Eonnal ; observant of old forms ; exact ; precise in
manners. Dryden. [In this sense, ceremonious is now
used.]
OER-E-Mo'NI-AL, n. 1. Outward form ; external rite, or
established forms or rites, including all the forms pre-
scribed ; a system of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by
law or established by custom, whether in religious wor-
ship, in social intercourse, or in the courts of princes. 2.
The order for rites and forms in the Romish church, or
the book containing the rules prescribed to be observed on
solemn occasions.
CER-E-Mo'iVI-AL-LY, adv. In a ceremonial or formal man-
ner.
CER-E-BIo'N^-AL-NESS, n. Ceremonial.
CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS, a I. Consisting of outward fonns and
rites. [In this sense, cerfiTTiojimns now used.] 2. Full of
ceremony, or solemn forms. 3. According to the rules and
forms prescribed or customary ; civil ; formally respectful.
4. Formal ; according to the rules of civility. 5. Formal;
exact ; precise ; too observant of forms.
CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. In a ceremonious manner j
formally ; with due forms.
CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. The use of customary forms ;
the practice of too much ceremony ; great formality m
manners.
CER'E-MO-NY, n. [L., Sp.,It., Port, cercmonia.] 1. Out-
ward rite ; external form in religion. 2. Forms of civili-
ty ; rules established by custom for regulating social inter-
course. 3. Outward forms of state ; the forms prescribed
or established by order or custom, serving for the purpose
of civility or magnificence, as in levees of princes, the
reception of embassadors, &cc.— Master of ceremonies, an
officer who superintends the reception of embassadors. A
pei-son who regulates the forms to be observed by the com-
i)any or attendants on a public occasion.
CER E-O-LITE, n. [L. cera, and Gr. \idoi.] A substance
which in appearance and softness resembles wax ; some-
Jtimes confounded with steatite.
CK'RE-OUS, a. [L. cereiLs.] Waxen ; like wax. Oayton.
OE'RES, 71. 1. In mrjthology, the inventor or goddess of
corn, or rather the name of corn deified. 2. The name of
^ a planet disco /ered by M. Piozzi, in 1801.
Ce'RIN, n. [L. cera.] 1. A peculiar substance which pre-
cipitates on evaporation, from alcohol, which has been
digested on grated cork. 2. The part of common wax
which dissolves m alcohol. 3. A variety of the mineral
Hllanite.
CE-RINTH'I-ANS, 71. A sect of heretics, so called from Ce-
rinthus.
CK'RITE, ?j. [See Cerium.] 1. The siliceous oxyd of ceri-
um, a rare mineral, of a pale rose-red color, with a tinge
of yellow. 2. A fossil shell.
Ce'RI-UM, 11. A metal recently discovered In Sweden, in
the mineral cerite.
CE-ROON', 71. [from the Spanish.] A bale or package
made of skins.
Ce'ROTE, 71. The same with cerate.
CER'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the cei-rus, or bitter oak.
CER'RUS, 71. [L.] The bitter oak.
CER'TAIN, (ser'tin) a. [Fr. certain.] 1. Sure ; true ; un-
doubted ; unquestionable ; that cannot be denied ; exist-
ing in fact and truth. 2. Assured in mind ; having no
doubts ; followed by of, before a noun. 3. Unfailing ; aJ
ways producing tlie intended effect. 4. Not doub»fuI or
casual ; really existing. 5. Stated ; fixed ; determinate ;
regular. 6. Particular.
t CER'TAIN, 71. Quantity ; part. Chaucer.
CER'TAIN-LY, ad«. 1. Without doubt or question ; in truth
and fact. 2. Without failure.
CER'TAIN-NESS, 71. Certainty, which see.
CER'TAIN-TY, n. 1. A fixed or real state ; truth ; fact.
2. Full assurance of mind ,- exemption from doubt. 3.
Exemption from failure ; as the certainty of an event, or
of the success of a medicine. 4. Regularity ; settled
state.
fCER'TES, acZo. Certainly; in truth ; verily. Chaucer.
CER-TIF'l-CATE, n. [Fr. certijicut.] 1. A written testi-
mony not sworn to ; a declaration in writing, signed by
the party, and intended to verify a fact. 2. A written
declaration, under the hand or seal, or both, of some pub-
lic officer, to be used as evidence in a court, or to substan-
tiate a fact.
CER-TiF'I-€ATE, v. t. or i. 1. To give a certificate ; to
lodge a certificate with tlie proper officer, fur the purpose
of being exempted from the payment of taxes. J\/~cw Eng-
land. 2. To give a certificate to, acknowledging one to
be a paiisliioner. Blackstone.
CER-TI-FI-Ca'TION, 7i. The act of certifying.
CER'TI-FlED, pp. Assured ; made certain ; informed.
CER'TI-Fl-ERj n. One who certifies, or assures.
CER'TI-F^-, V. t. [Fr. certifier.] 1. To testify to in writ-
ing ; to make a declaration m writing, under hand, or
hand and seal, to make known or establish a fact. 2. To
give certain information to, 3. To give certain informa-
tion of.
CER'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Giving a written testimony, or cer-
tificate ; giving certain notice ; making certainly known
CER-TIO-Ra'RI, 11. [Low L. certioror.] A writ issuing out
of chancery, or other superior court, to call up the records
of an inferior court, or remove a cause there depending.
CER'TI-TUDE, n. [Low L. certitudo.] Certainty ; assur-
ance ; freedom from doubt. Dryden.
fCER^ULE, a. [L. cmruleus.] Blue. Dyer.
CE-Rc'lE-OUS, I ""■ [^- c<='-«'«''^-] Sky-colored ; blue.
CER-U-LlF'I€, 'a. Producing a blue, or sky-color.
CE-Ru'MEN, 71. [L. cera.] The wax or yellow matter se-
creted by the ear.
*CER'USE, 7?. [Fr. cc»-zt5c.] Wliite-Iead ; a carbonate of
lead, produced by exposing the metal in thin plates to the
vapor of vinegar. — Ceruse of antimony is a white oxyd of
antimony.
CER USED, a. Washed with a preparation of white-lead.
CER'VI-€AL, a. [L. cervicalis.] Belonging to the neck
CERV'IN, ) a. [L. cervinus.] Pertaining to the deer, or to
CERVINE, ) animals of the genus cervus.
CE-SA'RE-AN, a. Th© Cesarean operation is the taking of
a child from the womb by cutting ; an operation, which,
it is said, gave name to Csesar, the Roman emperor.
CES-PI-Ti"tlOUS, a. [L. cespes.] Pertaining to turf;
made of turf. Oougli.
CES'PI-TOUS, a. Pertaining to turf ; turfy.
fCESS, as a noun, a rate or tax, and as a verb, to rate or
lay a tax, is, probably, a corruption of assess, or from the
same root. Spenser.
fCESS, V. i. [L. cesso.] To neglect a legal duty.
JCESS, V. t. To rate. Spenser.
CES-Sa'TION, 71. [L. cessatio.] 1. A ceasing; a stop; a
rest ; the act of discontinuing motion or action of any
kmd, whether temporary or final. 2. A ceasing or sus-
pension of operation, force or effect.
CES-Sa'VIT, 71. [L.] In laic, a writ given by statute, to
recover lands, when the tenant or occupier has ceased for
two years to perform the service, which constitutes the
condition of his tenure.
CES'SER, 71. A ceasing; a neglect to perform services or
payment for two years. Blackstone.
CES-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The act of giving way, or receding
[Little used.] Digby.
CES'SI-BLE, a. Giving way ; yielding ; easy to give way.
CES'SION, n. [L. cessio.] 1. The act of giving way ; a
yielding to force or impulse. 2. A yielding, or surrender,
as of property or rights, to another person.-— 3. In the civil
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQgK, DOVE ;-BULL, UNITE.-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
CHA
law, a voluntary surrender of a person-s effects to his
creditors, to avoid imprisonment. — 4. In ecclesiastical law,
the leaving of a benefice without dispensation, or being
otherwise qualified.
CES'SION-A-RY, a. Having surrendered effects.
t CESS'MENT, n. An assessment or tax.
CES'SOR, n. [L. cesso.'] 1. In law, he that neglects, for
two years, to perform the service by which he holds lands,
so that he incurs the danger of the writ of cessavit. 2.
• An assessor, or taxer.
CEST, n. A lady's gkdle. Collins.
CEST'US, n. [L.] The girdle of Venus, or marriage-girdle,
among the Greeks and Romans.
CE-SU'RA, ) n. [Ft. cesure ; It. cesura ; L. caisura.] A
Ce'SURE, \ pause in verse, so introduced as to aid the
recital, and render the versification more melodious. It
divides a verse or line into equal or unequal parts.
CE-SU'RAL, a. Pertaining to the cesure.
CE-TaCEOUS, a. [L. cete.] Pertainmg to the whale ; be-
2onging to the whale kind.
Oe TATE, 71. A compound of cetic acid, with a base.
CET'E-RA€H, n. A name of a species of aspleniam.
CE'Tie, a. [L. cetiis.] PeitainJng to the whale.
Ce'TEV, 71. [L. cetus.] A name given to spermaceti by
CET-0-L0b'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to cetology.
CE-T0L'0-6IST, 71. One who is versed in the natural his-
tory of the whale and its kindred animals.
CE-T0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. ktjtos and \oyos.] The doctrine or
^latural history of cetaceous animals.
Ce'TUS, 71. In astronomy, the whale, a lai'ge constellation
of the southern hemisphere.
CeY'LAN-iTE, n. [fruiu Ceijlon.] A nuneral, classed with
the ruby family ; called also pleonaste.
C FA UT. A note in the scale of music.
CHAB'A-SIE, )n. [schabasit.] A mijieral which has been
CHAB'A-SITE, \ regarded as a variety of zeolite.
CHA-€OON', 71. [Sp. chacona.] A dance like a saraband.
CHAD, (shad) n. A kmd offish. Carew.
CHAFE, V. t. [Ft. echauffer.] 1. To excite heat or inflam-
mation by friction ; also, to fret and wear by rubbing. 2.
To excite heat in the mind ; to excite passion •, to in-
flame •, to make angry ; to cause to fret ; to provoke or
incense 3. To excite violent action ; to cause to rage.
4. To perfume ; rather, to stimulate, or agitate ; to excite
by pungent odors.
CHAFE, c. i. 1. To be excited or heated ; to rage ; to fret ;
to be in violent action. 2. To act violently upon, by rub-
bing ; to fret against, as waves against a shore. 3. To be
fretted and worn by rubbing.
CHAFE, 7i. 1. Heat excited by friction. 2. Vio!.3nt agita-
tion of the mind or passions ; heat ; fret ; passion.
CHaFED, pp. Heated or fretted by rubbing ; worn by fric-
tion.
CHaF'ER, 7!. One who chafes.
CHaF'ER, 71. [Sax, ceafor.] An insect, a species of scara-
biBUs, or beetle.
CHa'FER-Y, n. In iron works, a forge.
CHaFE -WAX, n. In England, an officer belonging to the
lord chancellor, who fits the wax for the sealing of writs.
CHaFF, n. [Sax. ceaf.] 1. The husk, or dry calyx of
com and grasses. 2. Refuse ; worthless matter ; especial-
ly that which is light, and apt to be driven by the wind.
CHAF'FER, v. i. [Sax. ceapian.] To treat about a pur-
chase ; to bargain ; to haggle ; to negotiate ; to chop and
change.
t CHAF'FER, V. t. To buy ; to exchange. Spenser.
t CHAF'FER, 71. Merchandise. Skelton.
CHAF'FER-ER, n. One who chaffers ; a bargainer ; a buyer.
CHAF'FERN, n. A vessel for heating water. [Local.]
t CHAF'FER-Y, n. Trafiick ; buying and sellmg.
CHAF'FINCH, n. A species of birds, of the genns fringilla.
CHAFF'LESS, a. Without chaff. Shak.
CHAFF'-WEED, v. A plant, cud-weed.
CHaFF'Y, a. Like chaff; full of chaff ; light.
CHaF'ING, ppr. Heating or fretting by friction.
CHaFING-DISH, 11. A dish or vessel to hold coals for
heating any thing set on it ; a portable grate for coals.
* CHA-GRiN', 71. [Fr. See Shagreek.] Ill-humor ; vex-
ation ; peevishness ; fretfulness.
* CHA-GRIN', V. t. [Fr. chagriner.] To excite ill-humor
in ; to vex ; to mortify.
* CHA-GRlN'ED, (sha-grlnd') pp. Vexed; fretted; dis-
pleased.
CHAIN, 71. [Fr. chaine.] 1. A series of links or rings con-
nected, or fitted uito one another. 2. That which binds ;
' that which restrains, confines, or fetters ; a bond. 3.
Bondage ; afiliction. 4. Bondage ; slaverj'. 5. Orna-
ment. " 6. A series of things linked together ; a series of
things connected or following in succession. 7. A range,
or line of things connected. 8. A series of links, forming
an instrument to measure laud. P. A string of twisted
wire, or something similar, to hang a watch on ; and also
for other purposes. 10. In France, a measure of wood for
134
CHA
fuel, and various commodities, of vaiious length. — 11. In
ship-building, chains are strong Imks or plates of iron,
bolted at the lower end to the ship's side. — 12. The warp
in weaving, as in French.
Chain-pump This consists of a long chain equipped with a
sulficient number of valves, moving on two wheels, one
above, the other below, passing downward through a
wooden tube, and returning through another. — Chain-
shot, two balls connected by a chain, and used to cut
down masts, or cut away slu-ouds and rigging. — Chain-
wales of a ship, broad and thick planks projecting
from a ship's side, abreast of and behind the masts, for
the purpose of extending the shrouds. — Chain-work, work
consisting of threads, cords, and the like, linked together
in the form of a chain.
CHAIN^, V. t. 1. To fasten, bind, or coimect with a chain ,
to fasten or bind with any thing in the manner of a chain.
2. To enslave ; to keep in siaveiy. 3. To guard with a
chain, as a harbor or passage. 4. To unite; to form
chain-work.
CHAINED, pp. Hade fast, or bound by a chain ; connected
by a chain ; bound ; enslaved.
CHAINING, ppr. Binding ; fastening, or connecting with
a cliam ; binding, or attaching to ; enslaving.
CHAIR, n. [Fr. chaire.] 1. A movable seat ; a frame with
a bottom, made of different materials, used for persons to
sit in ; originally, a stool. -2. A seat of justice or of au-
thority. 3. A seat for a professor, or his office. 4. The
seat for a speaker or presiding officer of a pubhc council or
assembly ; as, the speaker's chair. 5. A sedan ; a vehi-
cle on poles, borne by men. 6. A pulpit. 7. A two-
wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse ; a gig. 8. Su-
preme office or magistracy. Belknap. — Curule chair, an
ivory seat placed on a car, used by the prime magistrates
of Rome.
CHAIR'-MAN, n. 1. The presiding officer or speaker of an
assembly, association, or company, particularly of a legis-
lative house ; also, the president or senior member of a
_ cojnmittee. 2. One whose business is to carry a chair.
CHaISE, n. [Fr. chaise.'] A two-wheeled carnage, drawn
by one horse ; a gig. It is open or covered.
CHAL-CE-DON'ie, a. Pertainmg to chalcedonv.
€HAL'CE-DO-NY, n. [from Chalcedon.] A subspecies of
quartz, a mineral called also johite avate, used in jewehy.
€HAL'CE-DO-NYX, n. A variety of agate.
CHAL'ClTE, 7?. [Gr. xo-'><'(os.] Sulphate of iron, of a red
color, so far calcmed as to have lost a considerable part of
its acid.
CHAL-€OG'RA-PHER, ti. An engraver in brass.
€HAL-€OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ;^;aAKoj and ypa0w.] The act
or art of engraving in brass.
CHAL-Da'I€, a. Pertaining to Chaldea.
€HAL-Da'I€, n. The language or dialect of the Chaldeans,
CHAL'DA-ISM, n. An idiom or peculiarity In the Chaldee
dialect.
CUAL-De'AN, n. An inhabitant of Chaldea.
CHAL'DEE, a. Pertaining to Chaldea.
CHAL'DEE, n. The language or dialect of the Chaldeans.
^rwiT miTT?" ' ^"- [Fr- chaudron.] A measure of coals,
* CHAU'DRON, ) consisting of 36 bushels.
* CHAL'iCE, 71. [Fr, calice.] A cup or bowl ; usually^ a
communion cup.
* CHAL'iCED, a. Having a cell or cup,''
CHALK, (chawk) n. [Sax, cealc] A well known calcari-
ous earth, of an opake-white color, soft, and admitting no
poUsh. — Black-chalk is a species of earth used by painters
for drawing on blue paper. — Red-chalk is an indurated
clayey ochre, used by painters and artificers.
CHALK, V. t. 1. To rub with chalk ; to mark with chalk
2.' "To manure with chalk, as land. 3. From the use of
chalk in marking fines, the phrase to chalk out is used to
signify to lay out, draw out, or describe.
CHALK'-CUT-TER, n. A man that digs chalk.
CHALK'I-NESS, (chawk'e-nes) n. The state of bemg
chalky.
CHALK'-PIT, n. A pit in which chalk is dug.
CHALK '-STONE, n. 1. In medicine, a calcarious concre
tidn in the hands and feet of men violently affected by
the gout. 2. A small lump of chalk.
CHALK'Y, (chawk'y) a. 1. Resembling chalk, 2. White
with chalk ; consisting of chalk. 3. Impregnated with
chalk.
CHAL'LENGE, ti. [Norm, calengc.] l.'A calling upon
one to fight in single combat ; an invitation or summons
to decide a controversy by a duel. 2. A claim or demand
made of a right or supposed right. — 3. Among kimteis,
the opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent
of their game. — 4. In law, an exception to jurors ; the
claim of a party that certain jurors shall not sit in trial
upon him or his cause.
CHAL'LENGE, v. t. 1. To call, invite or summon to an-
swer for an offense by single combat, or duel. 2. To call
to a contest ; to invite to a trial. 3. To accuse ; to call to
See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, JIARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
CMA
135
CHA
answer. 4. To claim as due ; to demand as a right.— 5. Tn
law, to call off a juror, or jurore ; or to demand that jurors
shall not sit iu trial upon a cause. 6. To call to the per-
formance of conditions.
CHAL'LEN6E-A-BLE, a. That may be challenged ; that
may be called to account.
CIIAL'LEN6ED, 'pp. Called to combat or to contest ;
claimed ; demanded as due ; called from a jury.
CIIAL'LEJN'e-ER, n. One who challenges; one who in-
vites to a single combat ; one who claims superiority ; one
who calls a juror, or a jury, from the trial of his cause.
CHAL'LEN6-ING, ppr. Summoning to a duel, or to con-
test ; claiming as a right ; defying ; calling off from a
jury-
eilA-LYB'E-AN, a. Pertaining to steel well tempered.
€HA-LYB'E-ATE, a. [L. chaLybs.] Impregnated with par-
ticles of iron.
€I1A-LYB'E-ATE, n. Any water or other liquor into which
iron enters.
€HAM, n. The sovereign prince of Tartary . Usually writ-
_ ten khan.
CHA-MaDE', n. [Fr.] In war, the beat of a dmm', or sound
of a trumpet, inviting an enemy to a parley.
CMaM'BEK,, n. [Fr. chambre.] 1. An apartment in an
upper story, or m a story above the lower floor of a dwell-
ing-house ; often used as a lodging-room. 2. Any retired
room •, any private apartment. 3. Any retired place. 4.
A hollow or cavity. 5. A place where an assembly
meets, and the assembly itself. — 6. In viilitary affairs,
the chamber of a mortar is tliat part of tlie chase where
the powder lies. 7. A powder-chamber, oi bomb-chamber,
■a place under ground for holding powder and bombs,
where they may be safe and secured from rains. 8. The
chamber of a mine, a place, generally of a cubical form,
where the powder is confined. 9. A species of ordnance.
10. The clouds. Ps. civ. 11. Certain southern constel-
lations which are hid from us. — Chamber-council, a private
or secret council. Shak. — Chamber-counsel, a counselor
who gives his opinion in a private apartment, but does not
advocate causes in court.
CHaM'BER, v. i. 1. To reside in or occupy as a chamber.
2. To be wanton ; to indulge in lewd or immodest be-
havior.
CHaM'BER, v. t. To shut up as in a chamber. Shak.
CHaM'BER-ER, 71. One who intrigues, or indulges in wan-
tonness.
CHaM'BER-FEL Low, n. One who sleeps in the same
ajjartment. Spectator.
CHaM'BER-HANG'ING, n. Tapestry or hangings for a
chamber.
CHaM'BER-ING, 71. Wanton, lewd, immodest behavior.
CHaM'BEII-LAJN, n. [Fr. chambcllan.] 1. An officer
charged with the direction and management of a cham-
ber, or of chambers. The Lord Chamberlain of Great
Britain is the sixth officer of tlie crown. 2. A servant
who has the care of the chambers in an inn or hotel.
CHaM'BER LAIN-SHIP, n. The office of a chamberlain.
CHaM'BER-LYE, n. Urine.
CHaM'BER-MAID, n. A woman who has the care of
chambers, making the beds and cleaning the rooms, or
wjio dresses a Lady, and waits upon her in her apartment.
CHaM'BER-POT, n. A vessel used in bed-rooms.
CHAM'BER-PRAe'TICB, n. The practice of counselors at
law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear
in court.
tCHAM'BLET, v. t. To vary •, to variegate.
CHAM'BREL, n. The joint or bending of the upper part
of a horse's hind leg. In JVew England pronounced gam-
brel, which see.
€HA-Mk'LE-ON, M. VL. chamaleon.] An animal of the ge-
nus lacerta, or lizard, with a naked body, a tail, and four
feet.
€HA-Mk'LE-ON-iZE, v. t. To change into various colors.
CHAM'FER, v. t. 1. To channel ; to cut a furrow, as in a
column, or to cut into a sloping form. 2. To wrinkle.
Skak.
CH AM'FER, or CHAM'FRET, n. A small gutter or furrow
cut in wood or other hard material ; a slope.
CHAM'FERED, pp. Cut into furrows, or cut sloping.
CflAM'FER-ING, j)2«'' Cutting a gutter in; cutting in a
slope.
€H AM'ITE, n. Fossil remains of the chama, a shell.
CHAM'LET. See Camlet.
* CHAM'OIS, (sham'me) n. [Fr.] An animal of the goat
kind, whose skin is made into soft leather, called shanp-
mij.
€HAM'0-MiLE. See Camomile.
CHAMP, V. t. [Fr. champayer.] 1. To bite with repeated
action of the teeth. 2. To bite into small pieces ; to chew ;
to masticate ; to devour.
CHAMP, V. i. To chew ; to perform the action of biting by
_ repeated motion of the teeth.
CHAM-PaGNE', ) n. A kind of brisk, sparkling wine,
CHAM-PaNE', S from Champagne, in France.
*eHAMlpAINs'' I "• ^ ^*^' °P®" country, Milton.
CHAM-PAIN', n. In heraldry, champain, or point champain,
is a mark of dishonor in the coat of arms of him who has
killed a prisoner of war after he has asked for quarter.
CHAMPED, pp. Bitten ; chewed.
CHAMP'ER, n. One that champs or bites.
CHAM'PER-TOR, u. In law, one who is guilty of cham-
perty.
CHAM'PER-TY, n. [Fr. champart.] A species of mainte-
nance, being a bargain with a plaintiff or defendant, to
divide the land, or other matter in suit, between them, if
they prevail ; whereupon the champertor is to carry on
_ the party's suit at his own expense.
CHAM-PIGN'ON, (sham-pin'yon) n. [Fr ] A kind of mush-
room.
CHAMP'ING, ppr Biting with repeated action.
CHAM'PI-ON, n. [Fr. champion.] 1. A man who under-
takes a combat in the place or cause of another, 2. A
man who fights in his own cause in a duel. 3. A hero ;
a brave warrior. Hence, one who is bold in contest.
CHAM'PI-ON, V. t. To challenge to a combat.
CHAM'Pl-ON-ESS, n. A female champion.
CHANCE, 71. [Fr. chance.] 1. An eve'U that happens, falls
out, or takes place, without being contrived, intended, ex-
pected, or foreseen ; the effect of an unknown cause ; ac-
cident ; casualty ; fortuitous event. 2. Fortune ; what for-
tune may bring. 3. An event, good or evil ; success or mis
fortune ; luck. 4. Possibility of an occurrence ; opportunity.
CHANCE, V. i. To happen ; to fall out ; to come or arrive
without design, or expectation.
CHANCE, a. Happening by chance ; casual.
CHANCE'A-BLE, a. Accidental ; casual ; fortuitous.
CHANCE'-CoM-ER, n. One who comes unexpectedly.
CHANCE'FyL, a. Hazardous. Spenser.
CHANCE'-MED-LEY, n. In law, the killing of a person by
chance, when the killer is doing a lawful act ; for if he is
doing an unlawful act it is felony.
CHAN'CEL, n. [Fr. chancel, or chanceau.] That part of
the choir of a church between the altar or communion
table and the balustrade or railing that incloses it, or that
part where the altar is placed.
CHAN'CEL-LOR, n. [Fr. chancclier.] Originally, a chief
notary or scribe, under the Roman emperors ; but in Eng-
land, in later times, an officer invested with judicial pow-
ers, and particularly with tlie superintendence of all char-
ters, letters, and other official writings of the crown, that
required to be solemnly authenticated. Hence, this offi-
cer became the keeper of the great seal. — The Lord High
Chancellor of Great Britain, or Keeper of the Great Seal,
is the higiiest othcer of the crown, arid keeper of the
king's conscience. — Chancellor of an Ecclesiastical Court
is the bishop's lawyer, to direct the bishop in causes of
the church. — Chancellor of a Cathedral is an officer who
hears lessons and lectures in the cliurch, inspects schools,
&c. — Chancellor of the Exchequer is an officer who pre-
sides in that court, takes care of the interest of the crown,
and has great authority in managing the royal revenues. —
Chancellor of a University is an officer who seals the di-
plomas, or letters of degree, &c., and is the chief magis-
trate in the government. — Chancellor of the Order of the
Garter, and other military orders, is an officer who seals
the commissions and mandates of the chapter. — In France,
a secretary is, in some cases, called a charicellor. — In the
United States, a chancellor is the judge of a court of chan-
cery or equity, established by statute.
CHAN'CEL-LOR-SHIP, n. The office of a chancellor ; the
time during which one is chancellor.
CHAN'CE-RY, n. [Fr. chancellerie.] 1. In Great Britain,
the highest court of j ustice, next to the parliament. — 2 In
_ the United States, a court of equity.
CHAN'CRE, n. [Fr. chancre.] A venereal ulcer.
CHAN'CROUS, a. Ulcerous ; having the qualities of a
chancre.
CHAN-DE-LIER', n. [Fr.] 1. A frame with branches to
hold a number of candles, to illuminate a public or large
room. — 2. In fortification, a movable parapet, serving to
support fascines to cover pioneers.
CHAND'LER, n. An artisan whose trade is to make can-
dles, or one who sells candles.
CHAND'LER-LY, a. Like a chandler. Milton.
CHAND'LER-Y, n. The commodities sold by a chandler.
CHAND'RY, n. The place where candles are kept,
CHANGE, V. t. [Fr. changer.] 1. To cause to turn or pass
from one state to another ; to alter or make different ; to
vary in external form or in essence. 2. To put one thing in
the place of another ; to shift. 3. To quit one thing or state
for another. 4. To give and take reciprocal y. 5. To bar-
ter ; to exchange goods. 6. To quit, as ore place for an-
other. 7. To give one kind of money for another. 8. To
become acid or tainted ; to turn from a natural state of
sweetness and purity.
CHANGE, V. i. I. To be altered ; to undergo variation ,
3. To pass the sun, as the moon in its orbit.
♦ See Synopsis MOVE BOQK, D6VE -,— BJJLL, UNITE— 6 aaK;GasJ;SasZjCHasSHjTHasin this, f OlmlcU.
CHA
136
CHA
CilAN6E, n. 1. Any variation or alteration in form, state,
quality, or essence ; or a passing from one state or form
to another. 2. A succession of one thing in the place of
another; vicissitude. 3. A revolution. 4. A passing by
the sun, and the beginning of a new montlily revolution.
5. A different state by removal ; novelty ; variety. 6.
Alteration in the order of ringing bells ; variety of sounds.
7. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for
another. 8. Small coins of money, which may be given
for larger pieces. 9. The balance of money paid beyond
the price of goods purchased. 10. The dissolution of the
body; death. — 11. Change, for exchange, a place where
merchants and others meet to transact business ; a build-
ing appropriated for mercantile transactions. — 12. In
i arjthmetic, permatation; variation of numbers.
CHaN6E-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Changeableness, which is gener-
ally used, Fleming.
CHaN6E'A-BLE, a. 1. That may change; subject to al-
teration ; fickle ; inconstant ; mutable ; variable. 2.
Having the quality of suffering edteration of external ap-
pearance
CHaNGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of bemg change-
able ; fickleness ; inconstancy ; instability ; mutability.
2. Susceptibility of change, or alteration.
CHaN6E'A-BLY, adv. Inconstantly.
CHANGED, pp. Altered ; varied ; turned ; converted ;
shifted.
CHaN6E'FTJL, a. Full of change ; inconstant ; mutable ;
fickle ; uncertain ^ subject to alteration.
CHaN6E'LESS, a. 'Constant ; not admitting alteration.
CHaN6;E'LING, n. 1. A child left or taken in the place of
another. 2. An idiot ; a fool. Locke. 3. One apt to
change ; a waverer. 4. Any thing changed and put in
the place of another. Shak.
CHaN6'ER, n. 1. One who alters the form of any thing
2. One that is employed in changing and discounting
money ; a money-changer. 3. One given to change.
CHaNG'ING, ppr. Altering ; turning ; putting one thing
for another ; shifting.
CHAN'NA, 71. A fish taken in the Mediterranean.
CHAN'NEL, n. [Ir. cainneal ; Fr. canaL] 1. A passage ;
a place of passing or flowing ; a water-course. 2. The
place where a river flows. 3. The deeper part of a strait,
bay, or harbor, where the principal current flows. 4.
That through which any thing passes ; means of passing,
conveying, or transmitting. 5. A gutter or furrow in a
column. 6. An arm of the sea ; a strait or narrow sea,
between two continents, or between a continent and an
isle. 7. Channels of a. ship; see Chain-waives.
CHAN'NEL, V. t. To form a channel ; to cut channels in ;
to groove.
CHAN'NELED, pp. Having channels ; grooved longitu-
dinally.
CHAN'NEL-ING, ppr. Cutting channels ; grooving longi-
tudinally.
CHAN'SON, 71. [Fr.] A song. Shak.
CHANT, V. t. [Fr. chanter.] 1. To sing ; to utter a melo-
dious voice. 2. To celebrate in song. 3. To sing, as in
church-service ; to repeat words in a kind of canting
voice, with modulations.
CHANT, V. i. 1. To sing ; to make melody with the voice.
2. To repeat words in the church-service with a kind of
singing.
CHANT, n. Song ; melody ; church-service.
CHANT'ED, pp. Sung ; uttered with modulations of voice.
CHANT'ER, 71. 1. One who chants ; a singer or songster.
2. The chief singer, or priest of the chantry. 3. The pipe
which sounds the tenor or treble in a bag-pipe.
CHANT'I-CLEER, n. {chant and clear, Fr. clair.'] A cock,
so called from the clearness or loudness of his voice in
crowing.
CHANT'ING, ppr. Singing ; uttering a melodious voice ;
repeating words with a singing voice.
CHANT'ING, 11. The act of singing, or uttering with a song.
CHANT'RESS, n. A female singer. Milton.
CHANT'RY, 71. [Fr. chantrerie.] A church or chapel en-
dowed with revenue, for priests daily to sing or say mass
for the souls of the donors.
CHa'OS, n. [L. chaos ] 1. That confusion, or confused
mass, in which matter is supposed to have existed before
it was reduced to order by the creating power of God. 2.
Any mixed mass, vvithout due form or order. 3. Confu-
sion ; disorder ; a state in which the parts are undistin-
guished.
CHA-OT I€, a. Resembling chaos ; confused.
CHAP, {sometimes pronounced chop) v. t. To cleave, split,
crack, or open longitudinally, as the surface of the earth,
or the skin and flesh of the hand.
CHAP, V. i. To crack ; to open in long slits.
CHAP, n. A longitudinal cleft, gap, or chink, as in the sur-
face of the earth, or in the hands or feet.
CHAP, 71. [Sax. ceafl.] The upper and lower part of the
mouth ; the jaw. It ia applied to beasts, and, vulgarly,
to men ; generally in the plural, the chaps, or mouth.
CHAP, 71. A man or a boy ; a youth. It is used also in the
sense of a buyer. " If you want to sell, here is your
chap." In this sense it coincides with chapman. [See
Cheap.] Steele.
t CHAP, V. i. [Sax. ceapian.] To cheapen.
CHAP'BOOK, 71. A small book or pamphlet, carried about
for sale' by hawkers.
CHAPE, n. [Fr. chape.] 1. The catch of any thing, as the
hook of a scabbard, or the catch of a buckle, by which it
is held to the back strap. 2. A brass or silver tip or case,
_ that strengthens the end of a scabbard.
CHAP'EAU, (shap'po) n. [Fr.] A hat ; in heraldry, a cap,
or bonnet.
CHAP'EL, 71. [Fr. chapelle.] 1. A house for public wor-
ship ; primarily, a private oratory, or house of worship be-
longing to a private person. In Great Britain, parochial
chapels are distinct from the mother church ; chapels uf
ease, built in large parishes for the accommodation of the
inhabitants. 2. A printer's workhouse.
CHAP'EL, V. t. To deposit in a chapel. Beaumont.
CHAPE'LESS,'a. Without a chape.
CHAP'EL-ET, or CHAP'LET, n. [Fr. chapelct.] A pair of
stirrup leathers, with stirrups.
CHAP'EL-LA-NY, n. A place founded within some church,
and dependent thereon. Ayliffe.
CHAP'EL-LING, n. The act of turnmg a ship round in a
light breeze of wind, when close hauled.
CHAP'EL-RY, 71. The bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel.
* CHAP'E-RON, 71. [Fr.] A hood or cap worn by the knights
of the garter in their habits.
* CHAP'E-RON, V, t. To attend on a lady in a public assem.-
bly. Todd.
CHAP'-F ALL-EN, a. Having the lower chap depressed ;
hence, dejected ; dispirited ; silenced.
CHAP'I-TER, 71. [Fr. chapiteau.'] I. The upper part or
capital of a column or pillar ; a word used in the Scrip-
tiues. 2. Tliat which is delivered by the mouth of tlie
justice in his charge to the inquest.
CHAP'LAIN, 71. [Fr. chapelain.] 1. An ecclesiastic who
has a chapel, or who performs service in a chapel. 2. A
clergyman who belongs to a ship of war, or to a regiment
of land forces, for performing divine service. 3. A cler-
gyman who is retained to perform divine service in a
family,
CHAP'LAIN-CY, n. The oflice or station of a chaplain.
CHAP'LAIN-SHIP, n. 1. The office or business of a chap-
lain. 2. The possession or revenue of a chapel.
CHAP'LESS, a. Without any flesh about the mouth. Shak.
CHAP'LET, 71. [Fr. chapelet.] 1. A garland or wreath to
be worn on the head ; the circle of a crown. 2. A string of
beads used by the Roman Catholics, by which they count
the number of their prayers. — 3. In architecture, a little
molding, carved into round beads, pearls, olives, or the
like. — 4. In horsemanship, a chapelet, which see. 5. A
tuft of feathers on a peacock's head. 6. A small chapel
or shrine.
CHAP'MAN, n. ; plu. Chapmen. [Sax. ceapman.] 1. A
cheapener ; one that offers as a purch2iser. 2. A seller ; a
market-man.
CHAPPED, pp. Cleft ; opened, as the surface or skin.
CHAP'PING, ppr. Cleaving, as the surface or skin
CHAP'PY, a. Full of chaps ; cleft.
CHAPS, 71. The mouth or jaws. See Chap.
CHAPT. See Chapped.
CHAP'TER, 71. [Fr. chapitre.] 1. A division of a book or
treatise. — 2. In ecclesiastical polity, a society or commu-
nity of clergymen, belonging to a cathedral or collegiate
church. 3. A place where delinquents receive discipline
and correction. 4. A decretal epistle.
CHAP'TER, V. t. To tax ; to correct. Dryden.
CHAP'TER-HOUSE, n. A house where a chapter meets.
CHAP'TREL, n. The capitals of pillars and pilasters, which
support arches, called imposts.
CHAR, 71. A fish.
CHAR, 71. In England, work done by the day ; a single job
or task. — In JVew England, it is pronounced chore, which
see.
CHaR, v. t. To perform a business. May.
CHaR, v. i. To work at others' houses by the day, without
being a hired servant ; to do small jobs.
CHaR'-W6M-AN, 71. A woman hired for odd work, or for
single days.
CHAR, V. t. [Russ. jaryu, or chariju.] 1. To hum or le-
duce to coal or carbon. 2. To expel all volatile matter
from stone or earth by lieat.
tCHAR'ACT, orjCHAR'ECT, 71. An inscription. Skelton.
CHAR'A€-TER, n. [L. character; Fr. caractere.] 1. A
mark made by cutting or engraving ; a mark or figure
made with a pen or style ; a letter or figure used to form
words, and communicate ideas. 2. A mark or figure
made by stamping or impression, as on coins. 3. The
manner of writing ; the peculiar form of letters used by a
particular person. 4. The peculiar qualities, impressed
by nature or habit on a person, which distinguish him
* Sea Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, 1?, long.—FKR, F^LL, WHA.T ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
CHA
137
CHA
from others 5. An account, description or representation
of any thing, exhibiting its qualities and the circum-
stances attending it. 6. A person. 7. By way of emi-
nence^ distinguished or good qualities ; those which are
esteemed and respected ; and those which are ascribed to
a person in common estimation. 8. Adventitious quali-
ties impressed by olfice, or station ; the qualities that, in
public estimation, belong to a person in a particular sta-
tion. — 9. In natural history, the peculiar discriminating
qualities or properties of animals, plants and minerals.
eHAR'A€-TER, v. t. 1. To engrave ; to inscribe. 2. To
describe ; to distinguish by particular marks or traits.
eHAR'A€-TERED, pp. Engraved j inscribed ; distinguish-
ed by a particular character.
CHAR'A€-TER-ISM, n. 1. The distinction of character.
2 A particular aspect or configuration of the heavens.
€HAR-Ae-TER-IS'Tie, or €HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-€AL,
a. [Gr. X''''-9'^'^''"'^9'^'^''''-'^'^^-'\ That constitutes the character ;
that marks the peculiar, distinctive qualities of a person
or thing.
<:HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI€, n. 1. That which constitutes a
character ; that which characterizes 5 tliat which distin
guishes a person or thing from another. — 2. In grammar^
the principal letter of a word, which is preserved m most
of its tenses, in its derivatives and compounds.
€"HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner that
distinguishes character.
€HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-€AL-NESS, n. The state or quali-
ties of being characteristic.
€HAR'A€-TER-IZE, v. t. [Gr. xapaKrTjpj^w.] 1. To give a
character, or an account of the personal qualities of a
man ; to describe by peculiar qualities. 2. To distin-
guish ; to mark, or express the character j to exhibit the
peculiar qualities of a person or thing. 3. To engrave or
imprint. {Little used.] 4. To mark with a peculiar
stamp, or figure.
€HAR'A€-TER-IZED, pp. Described or distinguished by
peculiar qualities.
€HAR'A€-TER-iZ-ING, ppr. Describing or distinguishing
by peculiar qualities.
eHAR'A€-TER-LESS, a. Destitute of any peculiar char-
acter.
t €HAR^A€-TER-Y, n. Impression ; mark ; distinction.
CHA-RaDE', n. [Fr.] A composition in which the subject
must be a word of two syllables, each forming a distinct
word ; and tjiese syllables are to be concealed in an enig-
matical description, fix-st separately and then together.
CHA.R'€oAL, n. \char and coal.'] Coal made by charring
wood.
CHARD, 71. [Fr. charde.] The leaves of artichokes tied and
wrapped all over, except the top, in straw, during autumn
and winter.
CHARGE, V. t. [Fr. cAar^er.] 1. To rush on ; to fall on ;
to attack, especially with fixed bayonets. 2. To load, as
a musket or cannon ; to thrust in powder, or powder and
ball or shot. 3. To load or burden ; to throw on or im-
pose that which oppresses . 4. To set or lay on 5 to im-
pose, as a tax. 5. To lay on or impose, as a task. 6. To
put or lay on ; as, to charge a building with oi-naments,
often implying superfluity. 7. To lay on, as a duty ;
followed by with. 8. To intrust to •,. as, an officer is
charged with dispatches. 9. To set to, as a debt ; to place
on the debit side of an account. 10. To load or lay on, in
words, something wrong, reproachful or criminal j to im-
pute to. 11. To lay on in words ; to impute to. 12. To
censure •, to accuse. 13. To lay on, give or communicate,
as an order, command or earnest request ; to enjoin ; to
exhort. 14. To give directions to ; to instruct authorita-
tively. 15. To communicate electrical matter to, as to a
coated vial, or an electrical battery.
CHARGE, v.i. To make an onset.
CHARGE, 71. [Fr. charge.] 1. That which is laid on or in.
2. The quantity of powder, or of powder and ball or shot,
used to load a musket, cannon or other like instrument.
3. An onset 5 a rushing on an enemy ; attack. 4. An
order, injunction, mandate, command. 5. That which is
enjoined, committed, intrusted or delivered to another,
implying care, custody, oversight, or duly to be performed
by the person entrusted. 6. The person or thing commit-
ted to another's custody, care or management ; a trust.
7. Instructions given by a judge to a jury, or by a bishop
to his clergy. 8. Imputation in a bad sense ; accusation.
9. That which constitutes debt, in commercial transac-
tions •, an entry of money or the price of goods, on the
debit side of an account. 10. Cost ; expense. 11. Impo-
sition on land or estate •, rent, tax, or whatever constitutes
a burden or duty.— 12. In military affairs, a signal to at-
tack. 13. The posture of a weapon fitted for an attack or
combat.— 14. Among /arriers, a preparation of the consist-
ence of a thick decoction, or between an ointment and a
plaster, used as a remedy for sprains and inflammations.—
15. In heraldry, that which is borne upon the color ; or
the figures represented on the escutcheon, by which the
bearers are distinguished from one another.— 16. In elec-
trical experiments, a quantity of electrical fluid, commu-
nicated to a coated jai", vial or pane of glass. — A charge of
lead is thirty-six pigs, each containing six stone, wanting
two pounds.
CHARGE' A-BLE, a. 1. That may be charged , that may
be set, laid, imposed. 2. Subject to be charged. 3. Ex-
pensive ; costly. 4. Laying or bringing expense 5. Im-
putable ; that may be laid or attributed as a crime, fault or
debt. 6. Subject to be charged or accused.
CHARGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Expensiveness ; cost ; costli-
ness. Boyle
CHARGE' A-BLY, adv. Expensively ; at great cost.
CHARGED, pp. Loaded ; burdened ; attacked ; laid on ,
instructed 5 imputed ; accused ; placed to the debt ; or-
dered ; commanded.
t CHARGE'FUL, a. Expensive ; costly. Shak
CHARGE'LESS, a. Not expensive ; free from expense.
CHARG'ER. 71. 1. In Scots law, one who charges another
in a suit. ' 2. A large dish. JVum. vii. 3. A horse used
for attack.
CHARG'ING, ppr. Loading ; attacking ; laying on ; in-
structing ; commanding ; accusing -, imputing.
CHa'RI-LY, adv. Carefully ; warily ; frugally. [Little
used.] Shak.
CHa'RI-NESS, n. Caution ; care ; nicety 5 scrupulousness.
[Little used.] Shak.
CHAR'I-OT, 71. [Fr. chariot.] 1. A half coach; a carriage
with four wheels and one seat behind, used for conven-
ience and pleasure. 2. A car or vehicle used formerly in
war, drawn by two or more horses.
CHAR'I-OT, V. t. To convey in a chariot. Milton.
CHAR'I-OT-ED, pp. Borne in a chariot. Cowper.
CHAR-I-OT-EER', n. The person who drives or conducts
a chariot.
CHAR'I-OT-MAN, n. The driver of a chariot.
CHAR'I-OT-RACE, 71. A race with chariots ; a sport in
which chariots were driven in contest for a prize.
CHAR'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Benevolent and kind. 2.
Liberal in benefactions to the poor, and in relieving them
in distress. 3. Pertaining to charity ; springhig from
charity, or intended for charity ; benevolent. 4. Formed
on charitable principles ; favorable ; dictated by kindness.
CHAR'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The disposition to be char-
itable ; or the exercise of charity. 2. Liberality to the
poor.
CHAR'I-T A-BLY, adv. Kindly ; liberally ; benevolently ;
with a disposition to help tlie poor 5 favorably.
t CHAR'I-TA-TlVE, a. Disposed to tenderness.
CHAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. charite ; lu.charitas.] 1. In a. general
sense, love, benevolence, good will •, tliat disposition of
heart which inclines men to think favorably of their fel-
low men, and to do them good. In a theological seiisc, it
includes supreme love to God, and universal good will to
men. 2. In a more particular sense, love, kindness, af-
fection, tenderness, springing from natural relations. 3.
liiberality to the poor, consisting in alms-giving or bene-
factions, or in gratuitous services to relieve them in dis-
tress. 4. Alms ; whatever is bestowed gratuitously on
the poor for their relief. 5. Liberality in gifts and ser-
vices to proniote public object.^ of utility, as to found and
support Bible societies, missionary societies,- and others.
6. Candor ; liberality in judging of men and their actions ;
a disposition which inclines men to think and judge fa-
vorably, and to put the best construction on words and
actions which the case will admit. 7. Any act of kind-
ness, or benevolence. 8. A charitable institution. — Char-
ity-school is a school maintained by voluntary contribu-
tions for educating poor children.
t-CHARK, V. t. To burn to a coal ; to char. See Char.
CHAR'LA-TAN, n. [Fr.] One who prates much in his
own favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions to skill ;
a quack •, an empiric ; a mountebank.
CHAR-LA-TAN'I-CAL, a. Quackish ; making undue pre-
_ tensions to skill ; ignorant. Cowley.
CHAR'LA-TAN-RY, n. Undue pretensions to skill ; quack-
ery ; wheedling ; deception by fair words.
CHARLES'S-WAIN, n. In astronomy, seven stars in the
constellation called ursa major,
CHAR'LOCK, n. [Sax. cerlice.] The English name of the
raphanus raphanistrum and sinapis arvensis, very perm
Clous weeds among grain.
CHARM, n. [Fr. charme.] 1. Words, characters or oMier
things, imagined to possess some occult or unintehigihle
power ; spell ; enchantment. 2. That which has power
to subdue opposition, and gain the affections ; that which
can please UTesistibly ; that which delights and attracts
the heart.
CHARM, V. t. 1. To subdue or control by incantation or
secret influence. 2. To subdue by secret power, espe-
cially by that which pleases and delights the mind ; to
allay, or appease. 3. To give exquisite pleasure to the
mind or senses ; to delight. 4. To fortify with charms
against evil. [J^ot in use.] 5. To make powerful by
* Set Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
CHA
J^
CHE
cliatme. 6. To Bummon by incantation. 7. To temper
agreeatjly.
CHARM, V. L To sound harmonically. Milton
CHAR'MA, 71. A fish resembling the sea-wolf.
CHARJMED, -pp. Subdued by charms ; delighted , enchant-
ed.
CHARM'ER, n. 1. One that charms, or has power to
charm ; one that uses or has tlie power of enchantment.
2. One who delights and attracts the aflections.
CHARM'ER-ESS, n. An enchantress. Chaucer.
CHARM'FJJL, a. Abounding with charms. Cowley.
CHARM'IJsG, ppr. 1. Using charms ; enchanting. 2, a.
Pleasing in the highest degree ; delighting.
CHARM'ING-LY, adv. Delightfully; in a manner to charm,
or to give delight.
CHARM IXG-NESS, n. The power to please.
CHARMLESS, a. Destitute of charms. Swift.
CHAR'iVEL, a. [Fr. chamel.] Containing flesh or car-
CHaR'NEL-HOUSE, 71. A place under or near churches,
where the bones of the dead are reposited.
CHa'RON, n. In fabulous history, the son of Erebus and
Nox,* whose oliice was to ferry the souls of the deceased
over the waters of Acheron and Styx.
CHARR, 7?.. A lish, a species of salmo.
CHARRED, pp. Reduced to a coal.
CHAR'RlA'G, pirr. Reducing to coal ; depriving of volatile
matter.
CHAR'RY, a. Pertaining to charcoal ; like charcoal, or par-
takuig of its qualities.
CHART, 71. [L. cliarta.'] A hydrographical or marine
map 5 a draught or projection of some part of the earth's
superficies on paper, with the coasts, isles, rocks, banks,
channels or entrances into harbors, rivers, and bays, the
points of compass, soundings or depth of water, (Stc, to
regulate the courses of sliips in their voyages.
CHAR'TEL. See Cartel.
CHAR'TER, 71. [Fr. chartre.] 1. A written instrument,
executed witli usual forms, given as evidence of a grant,
contract, or whatever is done between man and man.
An instrument of a grant conferring powers, rights and
privileges. 2. Any instrument, executed with form and
solemnity, bestowing rights or privileges. 3. Privilege ;
immunity ; exemption.
CHAR TER, V. t. 1. To hire or to let a ship by charter.
2. To establish by charter.
CHAR TER-LAND, n. Land held by charter, or in socage.
CHAR'TER-PAR'T5f, 74. [Yx. charte-partie.'] In commerce,
an agreement respecting the hire (f a vassel and the
freight.
CHARTERED, pp. 1. Hired or let, as a ship. 2. Invested
with privileges by charter ; privileged. 3. Granted by
charter.
CHAR'TER-ING, ppr. ]. Giving a charter; establishing
by charter. 2. Hiring or letting by charter.
OHART'LESS, a. Without a chart ; of wiiich no chart has
been made ; not delineated on paper.
CHAR'TREUX, or CHAR^TREUSE, n. [Fr.] A celebrated
monasterv' of Carthusians.
CHAR'TU-LA-RY, n. [Fr. chartulaire.] An officer in the
ancient Latin church, who had the care of charters Eind
other papers of a public nature.
CHa'RY, a. [Sax. cearig.] Careful ; wary ; frugal. Shak.
CHa'SA-BLE, a. That may be chased ; fit for the chase.
CHASE, V. t. [Fr. chasser.] 1. Literally, to drive, urge,
press forward with vehemence ; hence, to pursue for the
purpose of taking, as game ; to hunt. 2. To pursue, or
drive, as a defeated or flying enemy. 3. To follow or
pursue, as an object of desire ; to pursue for the purpose
of taking. 4. To drive ; to pursue. — To chtrse away, is
to compel to depart ; to disperse. — To chase metals. See
Enchase,
CHASE, 71. 1. Vehement pursuit; a running or driving
after ; as game, in hunting. 2. Pursuit with an ardent
desire to obtain, as pleasure, &c. ; earnest seeking. 3.
That which may be chased ; that wliich is usually taken
by chase. 4. That wliich is pursued or hunted. — 5. In
law, a driving of cattle to or from a place. 6. An open
ground, or place of retreat for deer and other wild beasts.
7. [Fr. chasse.] An kon frame used by printers to confine
types, when set in columns. 8. Chase of a gun, is the
whole length of the bore. 9. A term in the game of ieu-
vls. — Chase gun-"^ in a ship of war, guns used in chasing
an enemy, or in defending a ship when chased. These
have their ports at the liea'd or stem.
(PHASED, pp. Pursued ; sought ardently ; driven.
CHaS'ER, 71. 1. One who chases ; a pui-suer ; a driver ; a
hunter. 2. An enchaser. See Enchase.
C'HaS'ING, ppr. Pursumg ; driving ; hunting.
CHASM, (kazm) n. [Gr. x^^afia.] 1. A cleft ; a fissure ; a
gap ; properly, an opening made by disrupture, as a
breach in the earth or a rock. 2. A void space ; a va-
cuity.
CHASMED, a. Having gaps or a chasm.
CHAS'SE-LAS, 71. A sort of grape.
CHaSTE, a. [Fr. chaste.] I. Pure from all unlawful com-
merce of sexes. 2. Fi-ee from obscenity. 3. In language^
pure ; genuine -, imcorrupt ; free from barbarous worda
and phrases, and from quaint, affected, extravagant ex-
pressions.
CHaSTE'-E-?ED, a. Having modest eyes.
CHaSTE'-TREE, n. The a gnus castus, oi vit ex.
CHaSTE LY, adv. In a chaste manner ; without unlawful
commerce of sexes ; without obscenity ; purely ; without
barbarisms or unnatural phrases.
*CHaS'TEX, (cha'sn) v.t. [Fr. ch&ticr.] 1. To correct bv
punishment ; to punish ; to inflict pain for the purpose of
reclaimuig an offender. 2. To afflict by other means.
3. To purify from errors or faiilts.
* CHaS'TEIV ED, pp. Corrected ; punished ; afflicted for cor-
rection
* CHaS'TEN-ER, 71. One who punishes, for the purpose of
correction.
CHaSTE'NESS, n. Chastity ; purity.
* CH aS'TEN-ING, ppr. Correcting ; afflicting for coitoc-
lion.
* CHaS TEN-ING, n. Correction ; punishment for the pur-
pose of reclaiming.
CHAS-TlS'A-BLE, a. Deservinc of chastisement.
CHAS-TiSE', V. t. [Fr. ch&tier.J I. To coiTCCt by punish-
ing ; to punish ; to inflict pain, for the purpose of punish-
ing an oflender, and recalhng him to his duty. 2. To re-
duce to order or obedience ; to restrain ; to awe ; to re-
press. 3. To correct ; to purify bv expunging faults.
CHAS-TiS ED, (chas-tlzd) pp. Punished ; corrected. -
*CHASTJSE-MENT, n. [Fr. chatiment] Correction; pun-
ishment ; pain inflicted for pmiishment and correction,
either by stripes or otherwise.
CHAS-TiS'ER, 71. One who chastises; a punisher ; a cor-
rector. _
CHAS-TlS'ING, ppr. Punishing for correction ; correct-
ing.
*CHASTI-TY, n. [L. castitas.] 1. Purity of the body;
freedom from all unlawful commerce of sexes. 2. Free-
dom from obscenity, as in language or conversation.
3. Freedom from bad mixture ; purity in words and
phrases. 4. Purity ; unadulterated state'.
CHAT, V. i. [G. kosei'..] 1. To talk in a familiar manner ;
to talk without form or ceremony. 2. To talk idly ; to
prate.
t CHAT, V. t. To talk of. Shak.
CHAT, 71. Free, familiar talk ; idle talk ; prate.
CHAT, n. A twig, or little stick. See Chit.
CHAT'EAU, (shat to) n. [Fr.] A castle ; a seat in the
_ countiy.
CHAT'E-LET, 7?. A little castle. Chambers.
CHAT'EL-LA-NY, n. [Fr. chateUenie.] The lordship or
jurisdiction of a castellan, or governor of a castle. See
Castellany.
CHA-TOY'ANT, a. [Fr. chat and ail.] Having a change-
able, undulating lustre, or color, like that of a cat's eye in
tile dark.
CHA-TOY'ANT, 7i. A hard stone.
CHA-TOY'MENT, n. Changeable colors, or changeableness
of color, m a mineral ; play of colors.
CHATTEL, ji. Any article of movable goods.
CHAT'TER, v.i. 1. To utter sounds rapidly and indis-
tinctly, as a magpie, or a monkey. 2. To make a noise
by collision of the teeth. 3. To talk idly, carelessly or
rapidlv ; to jabber.
CHAT'TER, n. Sounds like those of a pie or monkey ; idle
talk.
CHATTER-BOX, n. One that talks incessantly
CHAT'TER-ER, n. A prater ; an idle talker.
CH AT'TER-ING, ppr. Uttering rapid, indistmct somids, as
birds ; talking idly ; moving mpidly and clasliing, as the
teeth.
CHATfTER-ING, 7i. Rapid, inarticulate sounds, as of birds ;
idle talk ; rapid striking of the teeth, as in chilliness.
CHAT'TING, ppr. Talking familiariy.
CHAT'TY, a. Given to free conversation ; talkative.
CHAT'WOOD, V. Little sticks ; fuel.
CHAU'DRO'N. See Chawdron, and Chaldeon.
CHAU-MON-TELLE', n. [Ft.] A sort of pear.
t CHAUN, or CHAWN, n. A gap. See Yawn.
t CHAUN, V. i. To open ; to ya^<^
CHAUNT. See Chant.
CHAV'EN-DER, or CHEV'EN, n. [Fr, chevesne.] Th«
chub, a fish.
CHAW, V. t. [Sax. ceowan.] 1. To grind with the teeth ;
to masticate ; to rmninate. 2. To ruminate in thought;
to revolve and consider ; [obs.]
CHAW, n. 1. The jaw.— 2. In vulgar language, a cud ,
asmuch as is put in the mouth at once.
CHAW'DRON, n. Entrails. Shak.
CHAY, n. Chaya-root ; the root of the oldenlandia umbcl-
lata, used in dyeing red.
CHkAP, a. [Sax. ceap.] 1. Bearing alow price, in market
• See Syncvds. A, E, I, O, U, Y, ion^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
CHE
139
CHE
that may be purchased at a low price. 2. Being of small
value ; common ; not respected.
CHEAP, n. Bargain ; purchase.
CHeAP'EN, v. t [Selx. ceapian.] 1. To attempt to buy ;
to ask the price ot a commodity ; to chaffer. 2. To lessen
valua
CHkAP'EX-ER, n. One who cheapens or bargains.
CHeAP'LY, ado At a small price ; at a low rate.
CHeAP'NESS, 71. Lowness in price, considering the usual
prke, or real value.
GHeAR, See Cheer.
cheat, v. t. [Sax ceatt.] 1. To deceive and defraud in
a bargain ; to deceive for the purpose of gain ia selling.
2. To deceive by any artifice, trick or device, with a view
to gain an advantage contrary to common honesty. 3.
To impose on ; to trick.
CHEAT, 71. 1. A fraud committed by deception ; a trick ;
imposition 5 imposture. 2. A person who cheats ; one
guilty of fraud bv deceitful practices.
CHEAT' A-BLE-NESS, n. Liability to be cheated.
CHeAT'-BREAD, 71. Fine bread purchased, or not made
iti_ the family. J^Little used.]
CHeAT'ED, pp. Defrauded by deception.
CHeAT'ER, n. One who practices a fraud in commerce.
CHEATING, ppr. Defrauding by deception ; imposing on.
CHeAT'ING, 71. The act of defrauding by deceitful arts.
CHECK, V. t. [Ft. echec] 1. To stop ; to restrain ; to hin-
der ; to curb. 2. To rebuke ; to chide or reprove. S. To
compare any paper with its counterpart or with a ciplier,
with a view to ascertain its authenticity ; to compaie cor-
responding papers ; to control by a counter-register. — 4. In
seamanship, to ease off a little of a rope, which is too stiff-
ly extended ; also, to stopper the cable.
CHECK, V. i. I. To stop 5 to makes stop. 2. To clash or
interfere. 3. To strike with repression.
CHECK, 71. 1. A stop ; htnderance; rebuff ; sudden restraint,
or continued restraint ; curb ; control ; government. 2.
That which stops or restrains, as reproof, reprimand, re-
buke, slight or disgust, fear, apprehension, a person ; any
stop or obstruction. — 3. In falconrij, when a hawk for-
.sakes her proper game, to follow rooks, pies, or other
fowls that c;:oss her in her flight. 4. The correspondent
cipher of a bank note ; a corresponding indenture ; any
cpunter-register. 5. A term in chess, when one party
obliges the other either to move or guard his king. 6 An
order for money, drawn on a banker, or on the cashier of
a. bank, payable to the bearer. — 7. In popular use, checker-
ed cloth ; check, for checkered. — Check or check-roll, a roll
or book containing the names of persons who are attend-
ants and in the pay of a king or great personage, as do-
mestic servants. — Clerk of the check, in the British king's
Iiousehold, has the check and control of the yeomen of
the guard.
CHECKED, CHECKT, pp. Stopped ; restrained ; repress-
ed ; curbed ; moderated ; controlled ; reprimanded.
CHECK'ER, V. t. I. To variegate with cross lines ; to form
into little squares, like a chess-board, by lines or stripes
of different colors. 2. To diversify ; to variegate with
different qualities, scenes, or events.
CHECK' ER, n. 1. One who checks or restrains ; arebuker.
2. A chess-board.
CHECK'ER, or CHECK'ER-W6RK. n. Work varied alter-
nately as to its colors or materials ; work consisting of
cross lines.
CHECK'ERS, n. plu. A common game on a checkered
board.
GHECK'ING, ppr. Stopping ; curbing ; restraining ; moder-
ating j controlling ; rebuking.
GHECK'LESS, a. That cannot be checked, or restrained.
CHECK'-MATE, 7i. 1. The movement on a chess board, or
in the game of chess, that kills the opposite men, or hin-
ders them from moving, so that tlie game is finished. 2.
Defeat ; overthrow.
CHECK'-MATE, v. t. To finish. Skelton.
CHECK'Y, 71. In heraldry, a border that has more than two
rows of checkers, or when the bordme or shield is check-
ered, like a chess-board.
CHEEK, 7(. [Sax. ceac, ceoca.] 1. The side of the face
below the eyes on each side. — 2. Among mechanics, cheeks
are those pieces of a machine, which form corresponding
sides, or which are double and alike.— CAeeA by jowl,
closeness, proximity. Beaumont.
CHEEK'-BONE, 71. The bone of the cheek.
CHEEKED, a. Brought near the cheek.
CHEEK'-TOOTH, 71. The hinder tooth or tuak. Joel i.6.
CHEEP, V. i. To chirp, as a small bird.
CHEER, V. t. [Fr. cherc.] I. To salute with shouts of joy,
or cheers. 2. To dispel gloom, sorrow, silence or apathv ;
to cause to rejoice ; to gladden ; to make cheerful. 3. To
infuse life, spirit, animation ; to incite ; to encourasre.
CHEER, V. i. To grow cheerful ; to become gladsome or
joyous.
CHEER, 71. 1. A shout of joy. 2. A state of gladness or
joy ; a state of animation. 3 Mirth-, gayety 5 jollity ; as
at a feast. 4. Invitation to gayety. 5. Entertainment ;
that which makes cheerful 5 provisions for a feast. 6. Air
of countenance noting a greater or less degree of cheer-
fulness.
CHEERED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; made glad,
CHEER'ER, 71. One who cheers ; he or that which glad-
dens.
*CHEER'FyL, a. 1. Lively ; animated ; having good spir
its ; moderately joyful. This is the most usual significa-
tion of the word, expressing a degree of animation, les,^
than mirth and jollity. 2. Full of life ; gay ; animated •
mirthful ; musical. 3. Expressive of good spuits or joy ;
lively ; animated
* CHEER'FUL-LY, adv. In a cheerful manner ; with alac-
rity or wiliingness ; readily ; with life, animation or good
spirits.
* CHEER'FUL-NESS, n. Life ; animation ; good spirits ; a
state of moderate joy, or gayety ; alacrity.
CHEER I-LY, adu.With cheerfulness ; witli spirit.
CHEER'lAG, ppr. Giving joy or gladness ; enlivening ; en-
couragmg ; animating.
t CHEER ISII -NESS, 7i. State of cheerfulness.
CHEER'LESS, a. Without joy, gladness, or comfort ;
gloomy ; destitute of any thing to enliven or animate the
spirits.
CHEER'LY, a. Gay ; cheerful 5 not gloomv.
CHEER'LY, adv. Cheerfully ; heartilv ; briskly.
CHEER'UP, or CHIR'UP, v. t. To make cheerful, [.d col-
loquial word.'] Dr. Cheyne.
CHEER'Y, a. Gay ; sprightly ; having power to make gav
CHEESE, 7!. [Sax. cese, 01 cyse.]. 1. The curd of milk,
coagulated by rennet, separated from the serum or whey,
and pressed in a vat, hoop or mold. 2. A mass of pom-
ace or ground apples, placed on a press. Mew-England.
CHEESE'-CAKE, 72. A cake made of soft curds, sugar,
and butter.
CHEESE'-M6N-GER, n. One who deals in or sells cheese
CHEESE'-PaR-ING, u. The rind or paring of cheese.
CHEESE'-PRESS, n. A press, or engine for pressing curd
in the making of cheese.
CHEESE'-REN-NET, n. A plant, ladies' bed-straw, gaUam
verum.
CHEESE'-VAT, 71. The vat or case in which cmds are
confined for pressing. Olanville.
CHEES'Y, a. Having the nature, qualities, taste or form
of cheese.
CHEG'OE, 71. A tropical insect that enters the skin of the
feet, and multiplies incredibly, causing an itching. Eucyi:.
CHET'ROP-TER, 71. [Gr. ;^£tp and irrepov.] An animal,
whose anterior toes are connected by a membrane, and
whose feet thus serve for wings, as the bat.
CHEL'I-DON, 71. [Gr.] A brown fly with silvery wings.
CHE-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [Gr. :\;7?X?7, and L./ero.] Furnidi-
ed with claws, as an animal.
CHEL'I-FORM, a. [L. chela, and form.] Having the fonn
of a claw.
CHELMS'FORD-ITE, 71. A mineral, arranged as a subspe-
cies of schaalstein ; found in Chelmsford, Massachu-
setts.
€HE-Lo'NI-AN, a. [Gr. x^^''^^> X^^^'^^-1 Pertaining to or
designating animals of the tortoise kind.
CHEL Y, 77. [L. chela.] The claw of a shell-fish.
CHEM'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to chemistry. 2. Resulthig
from the operation of the principles of bodies by decom-
position, combination, &c. 3. According to the principk^s
of chemistry.
CHEM'I-CAL-LY, adv. According to the principles of
chemistry ; by chemical process or operation.
CHE-MiSE', 7J. [Fr. chemise.] 1. A shift, or under garment
worn by females. 2. A wall that lines the face of any
work of earth.
CHEM'IST, 71. A person versed in chemistry ; a professoi
of chemistry.
CHEM'IS-TRY, ) 71. [This word bemg from the Arabic kim-
CHIM'IS-TRY, \ ia, the occult science, chimistry is the
correct orthography, in accordance with the Fr. chinne, Sp
chimia. It. and Port, chimica.] A science, the object cf
which is to discover the nature and properties of all bod ies
by analysis and synthesis. Macquer
CHEa'UER. See Checker.
CHE-aUlN'. SeeCEccHiN.
CHER'IFF, n. written also sheriff. The prince of Mecca :
a high priest among the Mohammedans.
CHER'ISH, V. t. [Fr. cherir.] 1. To treat with tenderness
and affection ; to give wannth, ease or comfort to. 2. To
hold as dear ; to embrace with affection ; to foster, and
encourage. 3. To treat in a manner to encourage growth,
by protection, aid, attendance, or supplying nourishment.
4. To harbor ; to indulge and encourage in the mind.
CHER'ISHED, pp. Treated with tenderness ; warmed ,
comforted ; fostered.
CHER'ISH-ER, 7i. One who cherishes ; an encourager ; &
supporter.
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € asK;easJ;SasZ;CHasSHjTHasin this, j Obsolete
CHE
140
CHI
CHER'ISH-ING,;>pr. Warming ; comforting ; encouraging ;
fostering : treating witii affection.
CHER'ISH-ING, n. Support ; encouragement.
CHER'ISH-ING-Ly^, adv. In an affectionate manner.
tCHER'ISH-MENT, n. Encouragement: comfort.
€HER'MES. See Kermes.
CHERN. See Churn.
CHER'RY, n. [Fr. cerise ; L. cerasus, so named from Cera-
SU3, a city in Pontus, whence the tree was imported into
Italy.] The fruit of a tree, a species ofprunus, of which
there are many varieties.
CHER'RY, a. Like a red cherry in color ; red, ruddy,
blooming.
CHER'RY, n. A cordial composed of cherry-juice and spir-
it, sweetened and diluted.
CHERRY-BAY. See Laurel.
CHER RY-CHEEKED, a. Having ruddy cheeks.
CHER'RY-PIT, n. A child's play, in which cherry-stones
are throw-n into a hole.
CHER'RY-TREE, n. A tree whose fruit is cherries.
€HER'SO-NkSE, 71. [Gr. ^E(>aovr]aos.] A peninsula ; a
tract of land of any indefinite extent, which is nearly sur-
rounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a neck
of land, or isthmus.
CHERT, n. In mineralogy, a subspecies of rhomboidal
quartz ; called also hornstone, petrosilex, or rock flint.
CHERT'Y, a. Like chert ; flinty. Pennant.
CHER'UB, n. ; plu. Cherubs, but the Hebrew plural Cher-
ubim is also used. [Heb. ono.] A figure composed of
various creatures, as a man, an ox, an eagle, or a lion.
In the celestial hierarchy, cherubs are represented as spir-
its next in order to seraphs.
* CHER'U-BI€, ) a. [The accent is usually laid on the sec-
* CHE-Ru'Bie, J ond syllable, but improperly.] Pertain-
ing to cherubs ; angelic. Sheldon.
CHER'U-BIM, n. The Hebrew plural of cherub.
CHER'U-BIN, a. Cherubic ; angelic. Shak.
CHER'U-BIN, n. A cherub. Dryden.
CHER'UP. A corruption of chirp, which see.
CHER'VIL, w. [Sax. ccr^We.] A genus of plants.
CHES'A-PEAK, n. A bay of the United States.
CHES'I-BLE, n. [Old Fr. casuhle.] A short vestment with-
out sleeves, worn by a popish priest at mass.
CHES'LIP, n. A small vermin that lies under stones and
tiles. Skinner.
CHESS, n. [Fr. echecs/j An ingenious game performed by
two parties, with different pieces, on a checkered board,
that is, a board divided into sixty-four squares or houses.
CHESS, n. In JSTew En<rland, that weed which grows
among wheat, and is supposed to be wheat degenerated or
changed.
CHESS'- AP-PLE, n. A species of wild service.
CHESS'-BoARD, n. The board used in the game of chess,
and from the squares of which chess has its name.
CHESS'-MAN, n. A piece or puppet, for the game of chess.
CHESS'-PLAY-ER, n. One who plays chess ; one skilled
in the game of chess.
CHESS'-TREE, n. In ships, a piece of wood, bolted per-
pendicularly on the side, to confine the clews of the main-
sail.
CHESS'OM, n. Mellow earth. Bacon.
CHEST, n. [Sax. cest, or cyst.] 1. A box of wood or otlier
material, in which goods are kept or transported. 2. The
trunk of the body, from the neck to the belly ; the thorax.
3. In commerce, a certain quantity ; as, a chest of sugar.
— Chest of drawers is a case of movable boxes, called draw-
ers.
CHEST, V. t. To reposit in a chest ; to hoard.
CHEST'ED, a. Having a chest.
CHEST'-FOUND-ER-ING, n. A disease in horses.
CHEST'NUT, V. [Sax. cystel.] The fruit, seed or nut of a
tree, belonging to the genasfagus.
CHESTNUT, a. Being of the color of a chestnut; of a
brown color.
CHEST'NUT-TREE, n The tree which produces the
chestnut.
CHES'TON, ?i. A species of plum. Johnson.
t CHEV'A-CHIE, n. An expedition with cavalry. Chaucer.
CHEV'AGE. See Chiefage.
CHEV'AL DE FR'iSE, (shev'o-de-freez') generally used in
the plural, chevaux de frise. [Fr. cheval and~/me.J 1.
A piece of timber, traversed with wooden spikes, pointed
with iron, five or six feet long ; used to defend a passage,
stop a breach, or make a retrenchment to stop cavalry.
y. A kind of trimming.
CliEV-A-LlER', n. [Fr.] 1. A knight; a gallant young
man. 2. In heraldry, a horseman armed at all points.
CHEV'EN, n. [Fr. chevesne.] A river fish, the chub.
CHEV'ER-IL, n. [Fr. chevreau.] A kid, or, rather, leather
made of kid-skin ; used as a noun or adjective.
CHEV'ER-IL-iZE, v. t. To make as pliable as kid-leather.
CHEV'I-SANCE, n. [Fr. chevir.] 1. Achievement ; deed ;
performance ; enterprise accomplished; [obs.]—2. Inlaw,
a making of contracts ; a bargain. 2. An unlawfUJ agree-^
ment or contract. 4. An agreement or composition, as
an end or order set down between a creditor and Ilia
_ aebtor.
CHEVRON, n. [Fr.] In heraldry, an honorable ordinary
_ representing two rafters of a house meeting at the top.
CHEV'RONED, a. Having a chevron, or the form of it. B
_ Jonson.
CHEV'RON-EL, w. A diminutive of the heraldic chevron
B. Jonson.
CHEV-RO-TAIN', n. [from Fr chevre.] The smallest of
the antelope kind.
CHEW, V. t. [Sax. ceowan.] 1. To bite and grind with the
teeth ; to masticate, as food, to prepare it for deglutition
and digestion. 2. To ruminate in the thoughts ; to medi-
tate. 3. To champ; to bite, hold, or roll about in the
mouth. 4. To taste without swallowing.
CHEW, V. i. To champ upon ; to ruminate.
CHEW, n. That which is chewed ; that which is held in
the mouth at once ; a cud. [ Vulgar.]
CHEWED, pp. Ground by the teeth ; masticated.
CHEW'ET, n. A kind of pie, made with chopped sub
stances.
CHEWING, ppr. Grinding with the teetli ; masticating;
ruminating ; meditating ; champing.
CHl'A, 11. A beautiful Mexican plant.
CHl'AN, a. Pertaining to Chios, an isle in the Levant.
€HI-AS'TO-LlTE, ji. A mineral, called also made.
CHIB'BAL, 71. [Fr. ciboule.] A small sort of onion.
CHI-€aNE', n. [Fr. chicane.] 1. In laio, shift ; turn ; trick •
cavil ; an abuse of judiciary proceedings, by artifices, un-
fair practices, or idle objections. 2. Sophistry. 3. Any
_ artifice or stratagem.
CHI-CaNE', v. i. [Fr. chicaner.] To use shifts, cavils m
_ artifices.
CHI-€aN'ER, n. [Fr. chicancur.] One who uses shifts,
turns, evasions or undue artifices, in litigation or disputes ;
_ a caviler ; a sophister ; an unfair disputant.
CHI-€aN'ER-Y, n. [Fr. chicanerie.] Sophistry ; mean or
unfair artifices, to perplex a cause and obscure the truth.
CHICH'ES, 71. p^M. -Dwarf peas.
CHICH'LING, 1 71. A vetch or pea, of the genus
CHICH'LING-VETCH, \ lathxjrus.
CHICK, V. i. To sprout, as seed in the ground ; to vegetate.
Todd.
CHICK, ) n. [Sax. ciccn.] 1. The young of fowls, par-
CHICK'EN, \ ticularly of the domestic hen, or gallinaceous
fowls. 2. A person of tender years. 3. A v/ord of ten-
dsmcss
CHICK'EN-HEART'ED, a. Timid ; fearful ; cowardly.
CHICK'EN-POX, n. A mild, contagious, eruptive disease,
generally appearing in children.
CHICK'LING, 71. A small chick or chicken.
CHI€K'-PEA, n. [L. ciccr.] A plant or pea.
CHiCK'-WEED, 71. A plant of the genus alsine.
CHIDE, V. t. ; pret. chid ; [chode is obs.] ; part, chid, chidden
[Sax. cidan, chidan.] 1. To scold at ; to reprove ; to uttei
words in anger, or by way of disapprobation ; to rebuke
2. To blame ; to reproach.
CHIDE, V. i. 1. To scold ; to clamor ; to find fault ; to con
tend in words of anger. 2. To quarrel. 3. To make a
rough, clamorous, roaring noise.
CHIDE, 71. Murmur ; gentle noise. Thomson.
CHxD'ER, n. One who chides, clamors, reproves or re-
bukes.
T CHiD'ER-ESS, n. A female who chides.
CHlD'ING, ppr. Scolding ; clamoring ; rebuking ; making a
harsh or continued noise.
CHlD'ING, n. A scolding or clamoring ; rebuke ; reproof.
CHiD'ING-LY, adv. In a scolding or reproving manner.
CHIEF, (cheef) a. [Fr. chef.] 1. Highest in office or rank ;
principal. 2. Principal or most eminent, in any quality
or action ; most distinguished ; having most influence ;
commanding most respect j taking the lead ; most valua
ble ; most important. 3. First in affection ; most dear and
familiar. >**
CHIEF, 71. 1. A commander ; particularly a military com
mander ; the person who heads an army. 2. The princi-
pal person of a tribe, family, or congregation, &c. — 3. In
chief, in English law, in capite. To hold land in chief, is
to hold it directly from the king, by honorable personal
services. — 4. In heraldry, chief signifies the head or up-
per part of the escutcheon, from side to side, repi-esenting
a man's head. 5. In Spenser, it seems to signify some-
thing like achievement, a mark of distinction. Johnson
6. This word is often used, in the singular number, to ex
press a plurality. 7. The principal part ; the most or
largest part of one thing or of many.
CHIEF, adv. Chiefly.
t CHIEF' AGE, or t CHeV'AGE, n. A tribute by the head
CHIeF'DOM, n. Sovereignty. Spenser.
fCHlEF'ESS, n. A female chief among the Indians. Car
ver.
CHIeF'LESS, a. Without a chief or leader.
* See Synopsis. A, E, f , O, t), Y, loiig.—FAH, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PtN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
CHI
141
CHI
CHIfiF'LY, adv 1. Principally ; eminently ; in the first
place. 2. For the most part.
CHIeF'RIE, 71. A small rent paid to the lord paramount.
CHIeF'TAIN, 71, A captain, leader, or commander ; a
chief; the head of a troop, army, or clan.
CHIeF'TAIN-RY, \ n. Headship ; captaincy ; the gov-
CHIeF'TAIN-SHIP, \ emment over a clan.
\ CHIeV'ANCE, n. [Norm, chivisance.'] An unlawful bar-
gain ; traffick in which money is extorted.
1 CHIEVE, or CHIVE, v. i. [Fr. chevir.] To come to an
end ; to issue ; to succeed Chaucer.
(/'HIL'BLAUV, 71. A blain or sore produced by cold.
('HiLD, 71.; flu. Chil'drew. [Sax. did.'] 1. A son or a
daughter ; a male or female descendant in the first de-
gree ; the immediate progeny of parents ; applied to the
human race, and chiefly to a person when young. 2
One weak in knowledge, experience, judgment, or at-
tainments. 3. One young in grace. 4. One who is bom
again, spiritually renewed and adopted. 5. One who is
the product of another ; or whose principles and morals
are the product of another. 6. In the plural, the descend-
ants of a man, however remote ; as, the children of Israel.
7. The inhabitants of a country. — To be vAth child, Xo he
pregnant.
t CHILD, 7>.j. To bring children. Shak.
CHiLD'-BEaR-ING, a. or ppr. Bearing or producing chil-
dren.
CHiLD'-BEaR-ING, 71. The act of producing or bringing
forth children ; parturition.
CHlLD'BED, n. The state of a woman bringing foitii a
child, or being in labor ; parturition.
CIIlLD'BiRTH, 71. The act of bringing forth a child ; trav-
ail; labor.
fOHlLD'ED, a. Furriished with a child. Shak.
CHII.D'ER-aiAS-DA^, n. An anniversary of the church of
England, held on the 28th of December, in commemora-
tion of the children of Bethlehem slain by Herod ; called
also Innocents' -Day.
CHILD'HOOD, n. [Sax. cildhad.] I. The state of a child,
or the time in which persons are children, including the
time from birth to puberty. 2. The properties of a child.
CHILD ING, ppr. [The verb to child is not now used.]
Bearing children ; producing ; as, childing women.
CHiLD ISH, a. 1. Belonging to a child ; trifling ; puerile.
2. Pertaining to a child. 3. Pertaining to chilaren j igno-
rant ; silly ; weak.
CHlLD'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a child ; in a tri-
fling way ; in a weak or foolish manner.
tCHILD'ISH-MlND'ED-NESS,7i. Triflmgness. Bacon.
CHiLD'ISH-NESS, n. Triflingness ; puerility ; the state or
qualities of a child.
CHiLD'LESS, a. Destitute of children or offspring.
CHILD'LIKE, a. Resembling a child, or that which belongs
to children ; becoming a child ; meek ; submissive ; duti-
ful.
CHILD'LY, a. Like a child.
CHIL'DREN, 71. plu. of child.
CHIL'I-AD, n. [Gr. ^\iag.] 1. A thousand ; a collection
or sum containing a thousand individuals or particulars.
2. The period of a thousand years.
CHIL'I-A-GON, 71. [Gr. x^^'-'^ ^^^ yo)via.] A plain figure
of a thousand angles and sides.
CHIL-I-A-He'DRON, 71. [Gr. x^'^^a and eSpa.] A figure of
a thousand equal sides.
eHIL'I-ARCH, n. [Gr. ;;^£X£aandap;:^;o?.] The military com-
mander or chief of a thousand men.
eHIL'I-AR€H-Y, n. A body consisting of a thousand
men.
CHILil-AST, 71. OneofthesectofMillenarians.
CHIL-I-F ACTIVE. See Chylifactite.
€HIL-I-OL'I-TER. See Kilohter.
CHIL-I-OM'E-TER. See Kilometer.
CHILL, 71. [Sax. celc, cyle, cyl.] 1. A shivering with
cold ; rigors, as in an ague ; the cold fit that precedes a
fever ; sensation of cold in an animal body ; chilliness.
2. A moderate degree of cold ; chilliness in any body ;
that which gives the sensation of cold.
CHILL, a. 1. Cool ; moderately cold ; tending to cause
sliivering. 2. Shivering with cold. 3. Cool ; distant ;
formal ; dull ; not warm, animated, or affectionate. 4.
Depressed ; dispirited ; dejected ; discouraged.
ClJfLL, V. t. 1. To cause a shivering, or shrinking of the
skin ; to check circulation nr motion. 2. To make cold,
or cool ; as, the evening air chills the earth. 3. To blast
with cold ; to check the c1rci.'ation in plants, and stoD
their growth. 4. To check moi 'on, life, or action ; to de'-
press ; to deject ; to discourage.
t CHILL, V. i. To shiver.
CHILLED, pp. Made coo! ; made to shiver ; dejected.
(!HIL'LI, 71. A Mexican plant, Guinea pepper.
CHILL'I-NESS, 71. 1. A sensation of shivering ; rigors.
2. A moderate degree of coldness.
CHILL'ING, ppr. Cooling ; causing to shiver.
CHILL'NESS, 71. Coolness ; coldness ; a shivering.
CHILL' Y, a. Cool ; moderately cold.
t CHILL' Y,ad7;. Coldly. Sherwood.
CHIL'O-GRAM. See Kilogram.
CHIMB. See Chime.
CHIME, n. [Chaucer, chimbe ; Dan. kimer.] 1. The con-
sonant or hannonic sounds of several conespondent in-
struments. 2. Correspondence of sound. 3. The musi-
cal sounds of bells struck with hammers. 4. Correspond-
ence of proportion or relation. 5. A kind of periodical
music, or tune of a clock, produced by an appaiatus an-
nexed to it. 6. A set of bells which chime, or ring in
harmony.
CHIME, V. i. 1. To sound in consonance or harmony ; tc
accord. 2. To correspond in relation or proportion. 3
To agree ; to fall in with. 4. To agree; to suit with.
5. To jingle ; to clatter.
CHIME, v.t. 1. To move, strike, or cause to sound in hai-
monv. 2. To strike or cause to sound, as a set of bells
CHIME, n. [D. kirn ; G. kimme.] The edge or brim of a
cask or tub, formed by the ends of the staves.
CHlM'ER, 71 One who chimes.
€HI-Me'RA, 71. [L. chima^a.] I. In fabulous history, a
monster with three heads, that of a lion, of a goat, and of
a dragon, vomitmg flames. — 2. In modern usage, a vain
_ or idle fancy.
CHI-MeRE', n. [It. ciamare.] A robe, Wlieatly.
€HI-MER'I-€AL, a. Merely imaginary ; fanciful ; fantas-
tic ; wildly or vainly conceived ; that has or can have no
existence except in thought.
€HI-MER'I-€AL-LY, adv Wildly; vainly; fancifully;
fantastically.
t CHIM'ER-IZE, V. i. To entertain wild fancies.
€HIM'I-€AL, ) a. 1. Pertaining to chemistry. 2. Result-
CHEM'I-€AL, \ ing from the operation of the principles
of bodies by decomposition, combination, &c. 3. Accord-
ing to the principles of chemistry.
€HIM'I-€AL-LY, ) adv. According to chemical principles ;
€HEM'I-CAIj-LY, \ by chemical process or operation.
CHIM IN-A6E, n. [Fr. chemin.] In law, a toll for passage
through a forest.
CHiM'ING, ppr. Causing to chime ; sounding in accodr-
ance,
CHIM'IST, ) n. A person versed in chemistry ; a professor
CHEM'IST, \ of chemistry.
€HIM'IST-RY, in. [Fr. chimie ;Sp.chimia. Theorthogra-
€HEM'IST-RY, \ phy of this word has undergone changes
through ignorance of its origin. It is the Arabic kimia, the
occult art or science, from kamai, to conceal. The common
orthography is from x^^i to melt or fuse ; the old orthogra-
phy was from %uw, the same word, differently written.] A
science, the object of which is to discover the nature and
properties of all bodies by analysis and synthesis. Mac-
quer. See Chemistry.
CHIM'NEY, n. ; plu. Chimneys. [Fr. cheminee.] 1. In
architecture, a body erected in a building, containing a
funnel or funnels, to convey smoke through the roof, from
the fire-place. 2. A fire-place ; the lower part of the bodj'
of brick or stone, which confines and conveys smoke.
CHIM'NEY-COR'NER, n. I. The corner of a fire-place, or
the space between the fire and the sides of the fire-place.
2. In a more enlarged sense, the fire-side, or a place near
the fire.
CHIM'NEY-HOOK, n. A hook for holding pots and kettles
over a fire.
CHIM'NEY-M6N'EY, n. Hearth-money, a duty paid far
each chimney_in a house.
CHIM'NEY-PIeCE, 71. An ornamental piece of wood or
stone set round a fire-place.
CHIM'NEY-SWEEP'ER, 71. One whose occupation is to
sweep and scrape chimneys, to clean them of the soot
that adheres to their sides.
CHIM'NEY-TOP, 71. The summit of a chimnev
CHIM-PAN'ZEE, 71. An animal of the ape kmd.
CHIN, n. [Sax. cinne.] The lower extremity of the face
below the mouth ; the point of the under jaw.
* CHI'NA, 71. A species of earthen ware made in China,
and so called trom the country ; called also china ware
and porcelain. See Porcelain.
* CHI'NA-OR'ANGE, n. The sweet orange, said to have
been originallv brought from China.
* CHI'NA-ROOT, n. The root of a species of smilax.
CHINCH, V. "a genus of insects.
CHIN'-COUGH, 71. [D. kink-hoest.] A contagious disease
often epidemic among children.
CHINE, n. [Fr. echine.] 1. The back-bone, or spine of an
animal. 2. A piece of the back-bone of an animal, with
the adjoining parts, cut for cooking. 3. The chime of a
cask, or the ridge formed by the ends of the staves. Stat
of Penn.
CHINE, V. t. To cut through the back-bone, or into chine-
pieces.
CHiNEJ), a. Pertaining to the back. Beaumont
CHI-NeKE', a. Pertaining to China.
See Syrwpais. MOVE BOOK D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this f Obsolete
CHI
142
CHO
C'HI-NeSE', n. sing, and plu. A native of China ; also, the
language of China.
CHU^'GLE, 71. Gravel free from dirt. See Shingle.
CHENTK, 71. [Sax. cina or cinu.] A small aperture length-
vp-ise ; a cleft, rent, or fissure ; a gap or crack.
CHINK, V. i. To crack ; to open. Barret.
CHINK, V. t. To open or part, and fonn a fissure.
CHINK, V. t. To cause to sound by shalting coins or small
pieces of metal.
CHINK, V. i. To make a smaU, sharp sound, as b/ the col-
lision of little pieces of money, or other sonorous bodies.
(yHINK'A-PIN, 71. The dwarf chestnut, /a^ws pM7?iiZa.
CHINK'Y, a. Full of chinks, or fissures; gaping; opening
in narrow clefts. Dryden.
</HINNED, a. Havmg a loagchin. K'.rsey.
(/HINSE, v.t. In naval affairs, to tlirust oakum into the
seams or chinks of a ship with a chisel or point of a
knife.
CHINTS, 71. [D. chits ; Hindoo, cheent ; Pers. cliinz.] Cot-
ton cloth, printed with more than two colors.
CHIOP-PiNE', (chop-peen') n. [Sp. chapin.] A high shoe,
formerlv worn by ladies. Shak.
CHIP, CHE.'VP, CHIP'PING, in the names of places, im-
ply a market ; from Sax. ceapan, cypan, to buy or sell.
CHIP, n. 1. A piece of wood, or other substance, separated
from a body by a cutting instrument, particularly by an
axe. 2. A fragment or piece broken ofi" ; a small piece.
CHIP, V. t. To cut into small pieces, or chips ; to diminish by
cutting away a little at a time, or m small pieces ; to hew.
CHIP, V. i. To break or fly off in small pieces, as in potter's
ware.
CHIP'-AXE, n. An axe for chipping.
CHIPPED, pp. Cut in chips, or small pieces ; hewed.
CHIP'PING. ppr. Cutting off in small pieces.
CHIP'PINGJ 71. 1. A chip ; a piece cut off or separated by
■ a cutting or engraving instrument ; a fragment. 2. The
flying or breaking off, in small pieces, of the edges of pot-
ter's ware and porcelain.
€HI-E.AG'RA, n. Ihe guut in the hands only.
€H!-RAG'RI-€x\L, a. [from chiragra.^ Havmg the gout in
the hand, or subject to that disease.
CHiRK, a. [D. circken.'] Lively ; cheerful ; in good spirits ;
in a comfortable state.
t CHiRK, V. i. To chirp. Chaucer.
•f OHiRM, V. i. [Sax. cyrman.] To sing as a b.ird.
CHI'RO-GRAPH, n. [Gr. x^^p and ypacpu).] 1. .Anciently,
a deed, which, requiring a counterpart, was engrossed
twice on the same piece of parchment, with a space be-
tween, in which was written chirograph through which
the parchment was cut, and one part giveri to each party.
It answered to what is now called a charter^ arty. 2. A
fine, so called from the manner of engrossing, which is
still retained in the chirographer's office in England.
CHI-ROG'RA-PHER, 7!. He that exercises or professes the
art or business of writing. — In England, an officer in the
common pleas, Avho engrosses fines.
€S:|8-GliM'SAL, ! - pertaining to chirography.
CHI-ROG'RA-PHIST, n. One who tells fortunes by exam-
ining the hand. Arbuthnot.
€HI-ROG'RA-PHY, 7^. The art of writing, or a writuig
with one's own hand.
CHI-RO-LOG'i-CAL, a. Pertaining to chirology.
€HI-ROL'0-GlST, 7). [Gr. ^etp and Xoyog.'] One who com-
municates thoughts by signs made with the hands and
fingers.
€HI-R0L'0-6Y, 77. The art or practice of communicating
thoughts by signs made by the hands and fingers ; a sub-
stitute for language or discourse, used by the deaf and
dumb.
*eHIR'0-MAN-CER, 7!. One who attempts to foretell fu-
ture events, or to tell the fortunes and dispositions of per-
sons, by inspecting the hands.
* CHIR'O-MAN-CY, 71. [Gr. ;:^ap and //avraa.] Divination
by the hand.
*CHIR-0-MAN'TIC, a. Pertaining to chiromancy, or divina-'
tion by the hand.
CHiRPjW. i. [Ger. zirpcTi.] To make the noise of certain
small birds, or of certain insects.
CHiRP, V. t. To make cheerful. Pope.
CHiRP, 7!. A particular voice of certain birds or insects.
CHiRP'ER, 71. One that chirps, or is cheerful.
CHiRP'ING, ppr. Making the noise of certain small buds.
CHiRP'ING, n. The noise, of certain small birds and in-
sects.
CIIIRRE, V. i. [Sax. ceonaTi.] To coo, as a pigeon.
\ CHI-RUR'GEON, n. [Gr. x^'-9°'"9y°^'] ^ surgeon ; one
whose profession is to heal diseases by manual opera-
tions, instruments, or external applications.
€HI-RUR'6E-RY, n. [Gr. Ysippupyta.] That part of the
medical art which consists m healing diseases and wounds
by instruments and external applications ; now written
surgery.
€HI-RTTP.'6I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to surgery. 2. Hav-
CHI-RUR'GI-€AL, J ing qualities useful in external appli-
cations for healing diseeises or injuries. It is now writ-
ten surgical.
CHIS'EL, n. [Fr. ciseau.] An instrument of iron or steel,
used either for paring wood or stone.
CHIS'EL, V. t. To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a
chisel.
CHIS'ELED, pp. Cut or engraved with a chisel.
CHIS'EL-ING, ppr. Cutting with a chisel.
CHIS'LEU, 71. [Heb. iSoa.] The ninth month of the Jew-
ish year, answering to a part of November and a part of
December, in the modern division of the year.
CHIT, 71. [Sax. cith.'] 1. A shoot or sprout ; the first shoot-
ing or germination of a seed or plant. 2. A child or babe,
in familiar language. 3. A freckle, that is, a push.
CHIT, V. i. To sprout ; to shoot, as a seed or plant.
CHIT'-CHAT, 71. [See Chat, Chatter.] Prattle ; familiar
or trifling talk.
t CHIT'TER, V i. [Dutch, citteren.] To shiver.
CHIT'TER-LING, 71. The frill to the breast of a shirt.
CHIT'TER-LINGS,7i.pL [G. kuttel.] The guts or bowels ;
sausages. Bailey.
CHIT'TY, a. 1. ChUdish ; like a babe. 2. Full of chits or
warts.
* CHIV'AL-ROUS, a. Pertaining to chivalry, or knight-
enantry ; warlike ; bold ; gallant.
* CHIV'AL-RY, 71. [Fr. chevalerie.] I. Knighthood ; a
military dignity, founded on the service of soldiers on
horseback, called knights ; a service formerly deemed
more honorable than service in infantry. 2. The quali-
fications of a knight, as valor and dexterity in arms. 3.
The system of knighthood ; the privileges, characteristics
or manners of knights ; the practice of knight-errantry, or
the heroic defence of life and honor. 4. An adventure or
exploit, as of a knight. 5. The body or order of knights.
— 6. In English law, a tenure of lands by knight's ser-
vice.
CHIVE, 71. [Fr. cive ; L. cepa.] A species o-f small onion.
CHlVES, 71. plu. In botany, slender threads or filaments
in the blossoms of plants.
CHLo'RATE, 71. A compound of chloric acid with a salifi-
able base.
CHLo'RIC, a. Pertaining to chlorine, or obtained from it.
CHLo'RIDE, ) 71. A compound of chlorine with a combus-
CHLo'RID, \ tible body.
CHLo-RID'IC, a. Pertaining to a chloride. Ure.
CHLo'RINE, I n. [Gr. yXwpoj.] Chloric gas, or oxymuri-
CHLo'RIN, i atic gas.
CHLO-RI-OD'IC, a. Consisting of chlorine and iodine, or
obtained from them. Davy.
CHLo'RIS, 71. [Gr. ;;^Xa)poj.] The greenfinch, a small
bird.
CHLo'RITE, 71. [Gr. x^^pos-l ^ mineral.
€HLo'RO-CAR-BON'I€, ) a. Terms applied to a com-
€HLO'RO-€AR'BO-NOUS, \ pound of chlorine and car-
bonic oxyd.
CHLO-Ro'PAL, 71. A mineral, of two varieties.
CHLo'RO-PHANE, n. [Gr. x^(^pos and (paivu).] A variety
of fluor spar, from Siberia.
CHLO'RO-PHEITE, 71. [Gr. x^^^poi and (paios.] A rare min-
eral, found in small nodules.
CHLoOlO-PHYL, 71. [Gr. x^<^po? and ^uXXov.] The green
matter of the leaves of vegetables.
CHLO-RQ'SIS, 71. [Gr. x^wpos.] The green sickness ; a dis-
ease of females.
CHLO-ROT'IC, a. I. Pertaining to chlorosis. 2. Affected
by chlorosis.
CHLo'ROUS, a. Pertaining to chlorine.
CHOAK. See Choke.
CHOCK, 71. In marine language, a kind of vpedge for con-
fining a cask or other body.
CHOCK, 71. An encounter. See Shock.
CHO€'0-LATE, 7i. [Fr. chocolat ; Sp., Port, chocolate.] 1.
A paste or cake composed of the kernel of cacao, with
other ingredients, usually a little sugar, cinnamon or va-
nilla. 2. The liquor made by dissolving chocolate in boil-
ing water.
CHO€'0-L ATE- HOUSE, 71. A house where company may
be served with chocolate.
CHO€'0-LATE-NUT. See Cacao.
CHODE. The old preterit of chide, which see.
CHOICE, 71. [Fr. choix.] 1. The act of choosing ; the vol-
untary act of selecting o; separating from two or more
things that which is preferred ; election. 2. The power
of choosing ; option. '.. Care in selecting ; judgment or
skill in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giv-
ing a preference. 4. The thing chosen ; that which is
approved and selected in preference to others ; selection.
5. The best part of any thing ; that which is preferable ;
and properly, the object of choice. 6. The act of electing
to office by vote ; election.— To make choice of, to choose ;
to select ; to separate and take in preference.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, f, long ^ FAR FALL, WHAT ,— PREYJ— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
CHO
143
CHO
CHOICE, a. 1. Worthy of being preferred ; select ; pre-
cious ; very valuable. 3. Holding dear ; preserving or
using with care, as valuable ; frugal. 3. Selecting with
care, and due attention to preference.
CHOICE'-DRAWN, a. Selected with particular care. Shak.
CHOICE'LESS, a. Not having the power of choosing ; not
free.
CHOICE'LY, (chois'ly) adv. 1. With care in choosing ;
with nice . regard to preference ; with exact choice. 2.
Valuably ;" excellently ; preferably, curiously. 3. With
great care ; carefully.
CHOICE'NESS, (chois ness) n. Valuableness ; particular
value or woitla.
* CHOIR, (kwire) n. [L. diorus.} I A collection of singers,
especially in divine service, in a church. 2. Any collec-
tion of singers. 3. That part of a church appropriated for
the singers, separated from the clfoncel and the nave. — 4.
In nunneries, a large hall adjoining to the body of the
church, separated by a grate, where the nuns sing the of-
fice.
CHOIR-SER'ViCE, n. The service of singing performed by
a choir.
CROKEj'v.t. [Sa.x. aceocan.'\ I. To stop the passage of the
breath, by filling the windpipe, or compressing the neck ;
to suffocate ; to strangle. 2. To stop by filling ; to ob-
struct ; to block up. 3. To hinder by obstruction or im-
pediments ; to hinder or check growth, expansion, or
progress. 4. To smother or suffocate, as fire. 5. To sup-
press or stifle. Shak. 6. To offend ; to cause to take an
exception.
CHOKE, V. i 1. To have the windpipe stopped. 2. To
be offended •, to take exceptions.
CHOKE, n. The filamentous or capillary part of the arti-,
CHoKE'-CHER-RY, n. The popular name of a species of
wild cherry, remarkable for its astringent qualities.
CHOKED, pp. Suffocated ; strangled ; obstructed by filling •,
stifled ; suppressed ; smothered.
CHOKE'-FULL, a. Full as possible ; quite full.
CHoKE'-PEAR, n. 1. A kind of pear that has a rough, as-
tringent taste, and is swallowed with difficulty. 2. An
aspersion or sarcasm by which a person is put to silence ;
[a low term.'\
CHoK'ER, n. One that chokes another ; one that puts an-
other to silence ; that which cannot be answered.
CHoKE'-WEED, n. A plant so called.
CHOK' Y, a. That tends to suffocate, or has power to suffo-
cate.
CHOL'A-GOGUE, (kol'a-gog) n. [Gr. xo^vyayos.'] A medi-
cine that has the specific quality of evacuating the bile.
enOL'ERjW. [L.c7toZera.] 1. The bile. 2. Anger ; wrath ;
irritation of the passions. — Cholera morbus, a sudden
evacuation of bile, both upwards and downwards.
CHOL'ER-I€, a. 1. Abounding with choler. 2. Easily irri-
tated 5 irascible •, inclined to anger. 3. Angry : indicat-
ing anger ; excited by anger.
CHOL'ER-IC-NESS, n. Irascibility ; anger ; peevishness.
CHO-LES'TER-IC, a. Pertaining to cholesterine, or obtain-
ed from it.
CHO-LES'TER-INE, ) n. [Gr. voXj? and CTepeos.] The
CHO-LES'TER-IN, \ pearly or crystaline substance of
human biliary calculi.
CHOL-I-AM'BIC, n. [L. choliambL] A verse iji poetry hav-
ing an iambic foot in the fifth place, and a spondee in the
sixth or last.
CHON'DRO-DITE, n. A mineral, called also brucite.
CHOOSE, V. t.; pret. chose ; pp. chosen, chose. [Sax. ceosan ,•
D. kiezen.] 1. To pick out ; to select ; to take by way
of preference from two or more things offered ; to make
choice of. 2. To take in preference. 3. To preftr ; to
choose for imitation ; to follow. 4. To elect for eternal
happiness ; to predestinate to life. 5. To elect or desig-
nate to office or employment by votes or suffrages.
CHOOSE, V. i. 1. To prefer ; as, I choose to go. 2. To
have the power of choice.
CIIOOS'ER, n. He that chooses ; he that has the power or
right of choosing ; an elector.
CilOOS'ING, ppr. Selecting ; taking in preference : elect-
ing.
CHOOS'ING, n. Choice 5 election.
CHOP, V. t. [G. and D. kappcn.] 1. To cut offer separate,
by strikmg with a sharp instrument, either by a single
blow or by repeated blows. 2. To cut into small pieces ;
to mmce. 3. To grind and mince with the teeth ; to de-
vour eagerly ; with up. 4. To break or open into chinks
or fissures ; to crack ; to chap. See Chap.
tCHOP, V. i. 1. To catch or attempt to seize with the
mouth. 2. To light or fall on suddenly .—T-o chop in, to
become modish. — To chop out, to give vent to.
CllOV,v.t. [Sax. ceapian, cypan.] 1. To buy, or rather to
barter, truck, exchange. 2. To exchange : to put one
thing in the place of another. 3. To bandy : to alter-
cate ; to return one word or thing for another.
CHOP, V. i. To turn, vary, change or shift suddenly
CHOP, w. 1. A piece chopped off; a small piece of meat.
2. A crack or cleft. 3. The chap ; the jaw : plu. the
jaws ; the mouth ; the sides of a river's mouth or chan-
nel. See Chap.
CHOP'-CHURCH, n. An exchange or an exchanger of ben
efices.
CHOP'-FAL-LEN, a. Dejected ; dispirited.
CHOP'-HOUSE, n. A house where provision ready dressed
is sold
* CHOP'IN, n. [Fr. chopine.] A liquid measure in France
In Scotland, a quart of wine measure.
CHOPPED, pp. Cut ; minced.
CHOP'PER, 71. A butcher's cleaver.
CHOP'PING, ppr. Cutting ; mincing ; buying ; bartering.
CHOP'PING, a. Stout •, lusty ; plump.
CHOP'PING, 71. [Sp. chapin.] 1. A high-heeled shoe, worn
by ladies in Italy. [See Chioppine.] 2. A cutting ; a
mincing ; from chop.
CHOP'PING-BLOCK, n. A block on which any thing is laid
to be chopped.
CHOP'PING-KNIFE, n. A knife for mincing meat.
CHOP'PY, a. Full of clefts or cracks.
CHOPS. See Chop.
ICHO-Ra'GUS, 71. [L.] The superintendent of the ancient
chorus.
CHO'RAL, a. [from cAorM5.] 1. Belonging to or composing
a choir or concert. 2. Singing in a choir.
CHO'RAL-LY, adv. In the manner of a chorus.
CHORD,?*. [L. chorda.] 1. The string of a musical instni-
ment. — 2. In music, the union of two or more sounds ut-
tered at the same time, forming an entire harmony. — 3.
In geometry, a. right line drawn or supposed to extend
from one end of an arch of a circle to the other.
CHORD, V. t. To string. Dryden.
CHOR-DEE', n. In medicine dnd surgery, an inflammatory
or spasmodic contraction of the franum.
CHORE, (tshore) n. [Eng. char.] In America, this word
denotes small work of a domestic kind, as distinguished
from the principal work of the day. See Char.
CHOR-E-PIS'CO-PAL, a. [Gr. x'^90s and cirto-KOTTo? .] Per-
taining to the power of a suffragan, or local bishop.
t CHOR^E-PIS'CO-PUS, 71. A suftragan, or local bishop.
€HO-Re'US, n. [Gr. ;\;op£io?.] In ancient poetry, a foot of
two syllables, the first long, and the second short ; the
trochee.
CHOR'I-AMB, or €HOR-I-AM'BUS, n. [Gr. ^og^iog and
ia\jL^o? ] In ancient poetry, a foot consisting of four sylla-
bles, of which the first and last are long, and the others
short.
CHOR-I-AM'BI€, n. A choriamb.
€HOR-I-AM'BIC, a. Pertaining to a choriamb. Mason.
CHo'RI-ON, n. [Gr. x^9'-°'"^ ^r ;!^wp£ov.] In anatomy, the
exterior membrane which invests the fetus in titcro.
CHo'RIST, 71. [Fr. choiiste.] A singing man in a choir.
* CHOR'IS-1'ER, n. 1. Literally, a singer ; one of a choir ;
a singer in a concert. 2. One who leads a choir in church
music. This is the sense in the United States.
€HO-ROG'RA-PHER, n. A person who describes a particu-
lar region or country ; or one who forms a map of partic-
ular countries.
CHOR-O-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to chorography ;
descriptive of particular regions or countries -, laying down
or marking the bounds of particular countries.
CHOR-0-GRAPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a chorographical man-
ner ; in a manner descriptive of particular regions.
€HO-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. %wpof.] The art or practice of
making a map of a particular region, country, or province •,
or of marking its limits, bounds or position.
CHo'ROID, 71. [Gr. x'^9'-°'^ ^^^ ti^og.] In anatomy, a term
applied to several parts of the body that resemble the cho-
rion,
CHo'RUS, 71. {1,. chorus.] 1. A number of singers ; a com-
pany of persons singing in concert. 2. The persons who
are supposed to behold what passes in the acts of a trage-
dy, and sing their sentiments between the acts. 3, The
song between the acts of a tragedy. 4. Verses of a song
in which the company join the singer ; or the union of a
company with a singer, in repeating certain couplets or
verses, at certain periods in a song. ,5. A musical com-
position of two or more parts. 6. Among the Greeks, a
_ clionis consisted of a number of singers and dancers.
CHoSE, 71. [Fr. chose ; Sp, cosa.] In law, property in ac-
tion ; a right to possession.
CUQSE, pret. nnApp. of choose.
CHo'SEN, (cho'zn) pp. 1. Selected from a number ; picked
- out •, taken in preference ; elected ; predestinated ; des
ignated to office. 2. a. Select ; distinguished by prefer
ence ; eminent.
CHOUGH, (chuff) n. [Fr. choucas.] The Cornish chough 13
a fov>'I of the genus corvus
CHOULE. See Jowl.
See Synopsis. MOVE, PQOK, DOVE •,-Bl.ILL, UNITE.-C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Fli as in thv,. f Obsolete
CHR
144
CHU
CHOUSE, V. t. To cheat, trick, defraud. [It is vulirar.^
SlDift. " ^
CHOUSE, 71. One who is easily cheated ; a tool ; a simple-
ton. A trick ; sham ; imposition.
CHOUSED, pp. Cheated ; defrauded ; imposed on.
CHOUS'ING, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on.
CHOW DER, n. In JVew Engla-nd, a dish of fish boiled with
biscuit, &c.
CHOWDER, V. t. To make a chowder.
CHOWTER, t;. i. To grumble like a frog or a froward
child. Phillips
CHRISM, 71. [Gr. ;!^ptcr//a.] Unguent ; unction ; consecrat-
ed oil used in sacred ceremonies.
CHRIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to chrism. Brevint.
CHRIS-Ma'TION, 71. The act of applying the chrism, or
consecrated oil.
CHRIS'MA-TO-RY, n. A vessel to hold the oil for chrism.
CHRIS'OM, n. [See Chrism.] A child that dies withm a
month after its birth ; so called from the chrisom-cloth.
Also, the cloth itself.
CHRIST, 71. [Gr. ypio-ro?.] The Anointed: an appella-
tion given to the Savior of the world, and synonymous
with the Hebrew Messiah.
CHRIST-CROSS-RoW, (kris-kros-ro) n. An old term for
the alphabet, probably from the cross usually set before
it. Whitlock.
CHRIS'TEN, (kris'sn) T. «. [Sax. Cristnian.] I. To baptize,
or rather to baptize and name •, to initiate into the visible
church of Chiist by the application of water. 2. To
name ; to denominate.
CHRIS'TEN-DOM, (kris'sn-dum) n. [Sax. Cristcndom.] 1.
The territories, countries or regions inhabited by Chris-
tians, or those who profess to believe in the Christian re-
ligion. 2. The whole body of Christians. 3. Christian-
ity ; the Christian religion ; [unus7ial.]
CHRISTENED, (kris'snd) pp. Baptized and named ; ini-
tiated into Christianity.
CHRIS'TEN-ING, ;)i7r. Baptizing and naming.
CIISIS'TEN-ING, n. The act or ceremony of baptizing and
naming ; initiation into the Christian religion.
CHRIST'IAN, (krist'yan) 71. [Gr. ;^j3t(7rjavoj ; L. Christia-
nus.] 1. A believer in the religion of Christ. 2. A pro-
fessor of his belief in the religion of Christ. 3. A real
disciple of Christ ; a believer in Christ who is character-
ized by real piety. — 4. In a general sense, the word Chris-
tians includes ail who are born in a Cliristian country, or
of Christian parents.
CHRIST'IAN, a. Pertaining to Christ, taught by him, or
received from him. 2. Professing the religion of Christ.
3. Belonging to the religion of Christ ; relating to Christ,
or to his doctrines, precepts and example. 4. Pertaining
to the church •, ecclesiastical.
t CHRIST'LIN, V. t. To baptize. Fulke.
CHRIST'IAN-ISM, n. [Gr. xP^'^'^'-^'^^'^l^os.] 1. The Chris-
tian religion. 2. The nations professing Christianity.
CHRIST'IAN-ITE, n. Vesuvian mineral.
CHRIST-IAN'I-TY, n. The religion of Christians ; or the
system of doctrines and precepts taught by Christ, and re-
corded by the evangelists and apostles.
€HRIST-IAN-I-Za'TION, n. The act of Christianizing , a
icord sometimes iised in America.
CHRIST'IAN-lZE, v. t. To make Christian ; to convert to
Christianity.
CHRIST'IAN-LIKE, a. Becoming a Christian.
€HRiST'IAN-LY, adv. In a Christian manner 5 in a man-
ner becoming the principles of the Christian religion, or
the profession of that religion.
CHRfST'IAN-NAME, n. The name given in baptism, as
distinct from the gentilitious or surname.
CHRIST'IAN-NESS, n. The profession of Christianity.
Hammond.
tCHRIST'IAN-OG'RA-PHY, n. A description of Christian
nations.
CHRIST'MAS, 7!. [CAmt and viass ; Sax.ma;ssa; T). kers-
viis.] 1. The festival of the Christian church, observed
aimually on the 25th day of December, in memory of the
birth of Christ. 2. Christmas-day.
CHRIST'MAS-BOX, n- I. A box in which little presents are
deposited at Christmas. 2. A present made at Christmas.
CHIllST'M AS-DAY, n. The 25th day of December.
f.iiRlST'MAS-FLOVV-ER, n. Hellebore.
ClIRIST'MAS-ROSE, n. A plant of the genus helleborus.
CliaiST'S-THORN, n. The rhamnus paliurus.
CHRO-AS'TA-CES, n. [Gr. XP°"-'\ I" natural history, a
genus of pellucid gems.
CHRo'MATE, n. A salt or compound formed by the chro-
mic acid with a base.
CHRO-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. xP'^l^artKos.] 1. Relating to col-
or. 2. Noting a particular species of music, which pro-
ceeds by several semitones in succession.
CHRO-MAT'IC, 71. A kind of music that proceeds by sev-
eral consecutive semitones.
CHRO-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the chromatic manner.
CHRO-MAT'ieS, 71. The science of colors.
CHROftlE, 71. [Gr. ;!^pa)//a.] A metal consisting of a porous
mass of agglutinated grains.
CHRo'MIC, a. Pertaining to clu-ome.—CAroTwic 7/eZZow,tlie
aitiflcial cliromate of lead, a beautiful pigment
CHRON'IC, ) a. [Fr. chrunique.] Continuing a long
CHRON'I-CAL, j time, as a disease. A chronic disease
is one which is inveterate or of long continuance, in dis-
tinction from an acute disease, which speedily termi-
nates.
CHRON'I-CLE, 71. 1. A historical account of facts or events
disposed in the order of time. — 2. In a more general sense,
a history. 3. That which contains history. — 4. Chroni-
cles, phi. Two books of the Old Testament.
CHRON'I-CLE, V. t. To record in history, or chronicle ; to
record : to register.
CHRON'I-CLER, 71. A writer of a chronicle ; a recorder
of events m the order of time ; a historian.
CHRON'iaUE, (kron'ik) n. A chronicle. Addison
CHRON'0-GRAM, n. [Gr. XF^'°S ^^^ yP^W"-] ^^ in-
scription in which a certain date or epoch is expressed by
numeral letters ; as in the motto of a medal struck by
Gustavus Adolplius, m 1632.
ChrlstVs DVX ; ergo trIVMphVs.
CHRON-O-GRAM-MAT'IC, ) a. Belonging to a chron-
CHRON-0-GRAM-MAT'I-CAL, \ ogram, or contamuig
one.
CHRON-O-GRAIM'MA-TIST, n. A writer of chronograms.
CHRO-NOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. xpovos and ypa<pu}.] One
who writes concerning time or the events of time 5 a
chronologer.
CHRO-NOG'RA-PHY, 71. The description of tune past.
[Little used.]
CHRO-NOL'0-GER, or CHRO-NOL'O-GIST, n. 1. A per-
son who attempts to discover the true dates of past events*
and transactions, and to arrange them under their proijer
years. 2. One who studies chronology, or is versed in
the science.
CHR0N-0-L06'ie, ) a. Relating to chronology •, con-
CHRON-O-LOG'I-CAL, ) taining an account of events m
the order of time ; according to the order of time.
CHR0N-0-L06'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a chronological man-
ner ; in a manner according with the order of time, the
series of events, or rules of chronology.
CHRO-NOL'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. pj^povoXoyta.] The science of
time ; the method of measuring, or computing time by
regular divisions or periods, according to the revolutions
of the sun or moon, of ascertaining the true periods or
yeai-s when past events or transactions took place, and
arranging them in their proper order accorduig to their
dates. A. Holmes.
CHRO-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ;^povos and Mtrpoj/.] Any in-
strument that measures time, or that divides time into
equal portions, or that is used for that purpose, as a clock,
watch or dial ; particularly an instrument that measures
time with great exactness. Chronoscope is now rarely
used.
CHRYS'A-LID. See Chrtsalis.
CHRYS'A-LIS, n. [L. chrysalis ; Gr. ;^pv<raXAtf.] The par-
ticular form wiiich butterflies, moths, and some other in-
sects assume, before they arrive at their winged or perfect
state.
€HRYS'0-BER-YL, 71. [Gr-xpviyog and PripvXXiov.] A sili-
ceous gem. of a dilute yellowish-green color.
CHRYfe'0-COL-LA, 7?. [Gr. xpv(roKo\\a.] Carbonate of
copper, of two subspecies.
CHRYS'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. %pu(7oj and Xi0oj.] A mineral.
CHRYS'O-PRASE, 7J. [Gr. x.p'J(^oTrpa(Tos.] A mineral, asub
species of quartz.
CHUB, n. A river fish, called also cheven, of the genus cy~
priims.
CHUE'lIf ' i "• ^'^^ ^ ^^^^ 5 short and thick.
CHUB' Faced, a. Having a plump, round face.
CHUCK, V. i. To make the noise of a hen or partridge
when she calls her chickens.
CHUCK, V. t. To call, as a nen her chickens.
CHUCK, 77. i. To jeer; to laugh. See Chuckle.
CHUCK, V. t. [Fr. choquer.} 1. To strike, or give a gentle
blow. 2. To throw, with quick motion, a short distance ;
to pitch; [vulgar.]
CHUCK, 7i. 1. The voice or call of a hen. 2. A sudden
small noise. 3. A word of endearment, corrupted from
chirk, chicken.
CHUCX^-FAR-THING, n. A play in which a farthing in
pitched into a hole.
CHUCKLE, V. t. 1. To call, as a hen her chickens. 2.
To fondle ; to cocker.
CHUC'KLE, V. i. [Ch. *]in, chuk.] To laugh heartily, 01
convulsively ; to shake with laughter, or to burst into fits
of laughter.
CHUCKLE-HEAD, n. A vulgar word in America, denot-
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— F KB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
CHU
145
CID
mg a person with a large head, a dunce. Bailey says, a
rattliug, noisy, empty fellow.
\ CHUD, V. t. To champ ; to bite. Stafford.
CHU'ET, n. Forced meat. Bacon.
CHUFF, 71. A clown ; a coarse, heavy, dull or surly fel-
low.
CHUFF 1-LY, adv. In a rough, surly manner ; clown-
ishlv.
CHUFF'I-NESS, n. Surliness.
CHUFF'Y, a. Blunt ; clownish ; surly ; angry ; stomach-
ful. In JVew England, this word expresses that displeas-
ure which causes a sweDing or surly look and grimibling,
rather than heat and violent expressions of anger.
OH UK, n. A word used in calling swine.
CHUM, 71. [Arm. chomm.] A chamber-fellow ; one who
lodges or resides in the same room ; a word used in col-
leges.
CHUM, V. i. [from the noun.] To occupy a chamber with
another 3 used in American colleges.
CHUMP, 71. A short, thick, heavy piece of wood, less than
a block. Johnson.
CHU^K, 71 A short, thick block, or bit of wood ; a collo-
quial word in America.
CHUECH, 71. [Sax. circe, circ, or cyric ; Scots, itzVA:.] 1.
A house consecrated to the worship of God, among Chris-
tians ; the Lord's house. 2. The collective body of Chris-
tians, or of those who profess to believe in Christ. In
this sense, the church is sometimes called the catholic or
universal church. 3. A particular number of Christians,
united under one form of ecclesiastical government, in
one creed, and using the same ritual and ceremonies. 4.
The followers of Christ in a particular city or province.
5. The disciples of Christ assembled for worship in a par-
ticular place, as in a private house. 6. The worshipers
of Jehovah, or the true God, before the advent of Christ.
7. The body of clergy, or ecclesiastics, in distinction from
the laity. Hence, ecclesiastical authority. 8. An assem-
bly of sacred rulers, convened in Christ's name, to exe-
cute his laws. 9. The collective body of Christians, who
have made a public profession of the Christian religion,
and who are united under the same pastor, in distinc-
tion from those who belong to the same parish, or ec-
clesiastical society, but have made no profession of their
faith.
CHURCH, V. t. To perform with any one the office of re-
turning thanks in the church, after any signal deliver-
ance, as from the danger of childbirth.
CHURCH'- ALE, n. A wake or feast commemoratory of the
dedication of the church.
CHURCH'-AT-TiRE', n. The habit in which men officiate
in divine service.
CHURCH'-AU-THOR'I-TY, n. Ecclesiastical power ; spur-
itual jurisdiction.
CHURCH'-BENCH, n. The seat in the porch of a church.
CHURCH'-BU-RI-AL, n. Burial according to the rites of the
church.
CHURCH -DISCI-PLlNE, n. Discipline of the church, in-
tended to correct the offenses of its members.
CHURCH'DOM, n. The government or authority of the
church.
CHURCH'-FOUND-ER, n. He that builds or endows a
church. Hooker.
CHURCH'-HIST'O-RY, n. History of the Christian church ;
ecclesiastical history.
CHURCH'ING, 71. The act of offering thanks in church af-
ter childbirth.
CHURCH'-LAND, n. Land belonging to a church.
CHURCH'LIKE, a. Becoming the church.
CHURCHMAN, 71. 1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman ; one
wb.o ministers in sacred things. 2. An Episcopalian, as
distinguished from aPresbj'terian or Congregationalist, &c.
CHURCH' -MEM'BER, n. A member in communion with a
church ; a professor of religion.
CHURCH'-MU'SIC, n. 1. The service of singing or chant-
ing in a church. 2. Music suited to church service.
CHURCH-PRE-FER'MENT, n. Benefice in the church.
CHURCH'SHIP, n. Institution of the church, ,
CHURCH -WAR'DEN, n. A keeper or guardian of the
church, and a representative of the parish.
CHURCH'-WAY, n. The way, street or road that leads to
the church.
CHURCH'-WoRK, n. Work carried on slowly.
CHURCH'-YARD, 71. The ground adjoining to a church, in
which the dead are buried ; a cemetery.
CHURL, 71. [Sax. ceorl.] 1. A rude, surly, ill-bred man.
2. A rustic ; a countryman, or laborer. 3. A miser ; a
niggard.
CHURLISH, a. 1. Rude ; surly ; austere ; sullen ; rough
in temper ; unfeeling ; uncivil. 2. Selfish ; narrow-mind-
ed ; avaricious. 3. Unpliant ; imyielduig ; cross-grained ;
harsh ; unmanageable. 4. Hard ; firm. 5. Obstinate.
CHURL'ISH-LY, adv Rudely ; roughly ; in a churlish
manner.
CHURL'ISH-NESS, n Rudeness of manners or temper ;
sullenness ; austerity ; indisposition to kindness or cour-
tesy.
CHURLY", a. Rude ; boisterous.
fCHURME, or CHiRM, 7i. [Sax. cyrm.] Noise ; clamor, or
confused noise. Bacon.
CHURN, n. [Sax, ciern.] A vessel in which cream or milk
is agitated for separating the oily part from the caseous
and serous parts, to make butter.
CHURN, V. t. 1. To stir or agitate cream for making butter
2. To shake or agitate with violence or continued motion,
as in the operation of making butter.
CHURNED, pp. Agitated 5 made into butter.
CHURN'ING, ppr. Agitating to make butter ; shaking ;
stirring.
CHURN'ING, 71. 1. The operation of making butter from
cream by agitation ; a shaking or stirring. 2. As much
butter as is made at one operation.
CHURN'-STAFF, 71. The staff or mstrument used in churn-
ing.
CnURR'WoRM, 71. [Sax. cyrran.] An insect that turns
about nimbly, called also afancricket.
CHUSE. See Choose.
CHu SITE, 71. A yellowish mineral.
CHY-La CEOUS, a. Belonging to chyle ; consisting of
chyle.
CHYLE, 71. [Gr. ^uXoj.] In a7U7naZ 6o<Zies, a white or milky
fluid, separated from aliments by means of digestion.
CHYL-I-F ACTION, n. [chyle, and L./acio,] The act or
process by which chyle is formed from food in animal
bodies.
CHYL-I-F AC'TI\T:, a. Forming or changing into chyle ;
having the power to make chvle.
tCHYL-I-FI-CA'TO-RY, a. Making chyle,
CHY-LIFER-OUS, a. [L. chylus and fero.] Bearing or
transmitting chyle.
€HY-LO-PO-ET'IC, a. [Gr. %uXoj and irouo).] Chylifac-
tive ; having the power to change into chyle ; making
chyle,
CHY'LOUS, a. Consisting of chyle, or partaking of it,
CHYME, 77. [Gr. ^vjjlos,] That particular modification which
food assumes after it has undergone the action of the
stomach.
CHYM'IC, CHYM'IST, CHYMIS-TRY. See Chemicai,,
Chemist, Chemistrt.
CHYM-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. The process of becoming or being
formed into chyle.
CHYM I-FY, v. [L. chymus and facio.] To form or become
chToie.
CI-B"a RI-OUS, a. [L. cibarius.] Pertaining to food ; use-
ful for food ; edible.
CIB'OL, n. [Fr, ciboule : L. cepula.] A sort of small onion.
CI-Ca'DA, 7). [L.] The frog-hopper, or flea-locust.
CIC'A-TRIC-LE, 71. [L. cicatricula.] The gerrainatmg or
fetal point in the embryo of a seed or the velk of an ess.
CIC'A-TRI-SIVE, a. Tending to promote the foimation of
CIC'A-TRIX, or CIC'A-TRlCE, 71, [L, cicatrix ; Fr, cica-
trice.] A scar ; a little seam or elevation of flesh remain-
ing artera wound or ulcer is healed.
CIC'A-TRi-ZANT, ti. A medicine or application that pro-
motes the formation of a cicatrix.
CIC-A-TRI-Za'TION, 71. The process of healing or forming
a cicatrix ; or the state of being healed, cicatrized, or
skinned over.
CIC'A-TRiZE, V. t. To heal, or induce the formation of a
cicatrix in wounded or ulcerated flesh ; or to apply medi-
cines for that purpose.
CIC'A-TRiZE, V. i. To heal or be healed ; to skin over ; as,
wounded flesh cicatrizes.
CIC A-TPilZED, pp. Healed, as wounded flesh ; having a
cicatrix formed.
CIC'A-TRlZ-ING, ppr. Healing ; skinning over ; forming
a cicatrix.
CIC'E-LY, n. A plant, a species of charophyllum
CIC-E-RoNE, 7!. [from Cicero.] A guide; one who ex-
plains curiosities. Addison.
CIC-E-RoNI-AN, a. Resembling Cicero.
CIC-E-Ro'NI-AN-ISM, n. Imitation or resemblance. of the
stvle or action of Cicero.
CI-CHO-Ra'CEOUS, a. [from L. cichorium.] Having the
qualities of succory.
CICHPeASE, (chik'peez) n. A plant.
CIC-IS-Be'ISM, 71. The practice of dangling about females
CIC-IS-BE'O, 77. [It.J A dangler about females. Smollett.
CICTJ-RATE, ©. t. [L. cicuro.] To tame ; to reclaim from
.wildness. [Little used.]
CIC-U-Ra'TION, 71. The act of taming wild animals. [L. u.]
CI-Cu'TA, 71. [L. cicuta.] Water-hemlock, a plant whose
root is poisonous.
CID, 71. [Sp.] A chief; a commander.
CI'DER,n. [Fr. cidre,OTsidre.] Thejuice of apples expressed,
a liquor used for drink. The word was formerly used to
signify also other strong liquors.
* See Sifnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;
-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, f Obsoleta .
CIR
146
CIR
CI'DER-IST, M. A maker of cider. Mortimer.
Ci'DER-KIN, n. The liquor made- of the gross matter of
apples, after the cider is pressed out.
CIeL'ING. SeeOEiLiNG.
CIeKGE, 71, [Fr.] A candle carried in processions.
CI-GAR', 71. [Sp.cigarro.] A small roll of tobacco, so fonned
as to be tubular, used for smoking.
CIL'IA-RY, a. [L. cilium.] Belonging to the eyelids.
CIL'IA-TED, a. In botany, furnished or surrounded with
parallel filaments, or bristles, resembling the hairs of the
eye-lids.
CI-Li"CIOUS, a. Made or consisting of hair.
Ci'MA. See Cyma,
CIMAR. See Chimere, and Simar.
CIM'BAL, n. [It. ciambella.] A kind of cake.
CIM'BRI€, a. Pertaining to the Cimbri.
CIM'BRie, 71. The language of the Cimbri.
tCI-MEL'I-AR€H, n. Tlie chief keeper of the things of
value belonging to a chmxh. Diet.
CIM'ISS, 71. [L. cimex.] The bug.
CIM'I-TER, n. [Fr. cimiterre ; Sp. and Port, cimitarra ; It.
scimitarra.] A short sword with a convex edge or recur-
vatedj)oint, used by the Persians and Turks.
CIM-Me'RI-A_N, a. Pertaining to Cimmerium.
CIM'0-LlTE, 71. [Gr. KiixoXia.] A species of clay, used by
the ancients as a remedy for erysipelas and other in-
flammations.
CIN-€Ho'NA, 71. The Peruvian bark, guinquhia.
OrN€T'URE, 71. [L. cinctura.] I. A belt, a gu'dle, or some-
thing worn round the body. 2. That which encompasses,
or incloses. — 3. In architectiire, a ring or list at the top
and bottom of a coiumn, separating the shaft at one end
from the base ; at the other, from the capital.
CIN'DER, n. chiefly used in the plu., cinders. [F^. cendre.]
1. Small coals or particles of fire mixed with ashes ; em-
bers. 2. Small particles of matter, remaining after com-
bustion, in which fire is extinct,
CIN'DER-WENCH, ) n. A woman whose business is to
CIN'DER-WOM'AN, \ rake into heaps of ashes for cinders.
CIN-ER-A'TION, n. The reducing of any thing to ashes by
combustion,
CIN-E RE-OUS, a. [L, cinereus.] Like ashes ; having the
color of the ashes of wood,
CIiNf-E-Ri"TIOUS, a. [L. cincricius.\ Having the color or
consistence of ashes.
CIN-ER'U-LENT, a. Full of ashes,
CIN'GLE, 71, [L. cingulam.] A girth ; but the word is little
used. See Surcingle.
CIN'NA-BAR, 71, [Gr. Kivva(3apL ; L. cinnabaris.] Red sul-
phuret of mercury,
CIN'NA-BA-RINE, a. Pertaining to cinnabar; consisting
of cinnabar, or containing it.
OIN'NA-MON, 91, [Gr, Kivvajxov, or KivvaixwjjLOv ; L, cinna-
momum.] The bark of two species of laurus. The true
cinnamon is the inner bark of the laurus cinnamomum, a
native of Ceylon, and is a most grateful aromatic,
CINCtUE, (sink) 71. [Fr,, five.] A five ; a word used in
games,
CINaUE'-FOIL, 71, [Fr, cinque and feuille.] Five-leaved
clover, a species of potentilla.
CmaUS'-PACE, 71. [Fr, cinque and pas.] A kind of grave
dance,
CINaUE'-PoRTS, 71. [Fr, cinque, and ports.] Five havens
on the eastern shore of England, towards France, viz,
Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover and Sandwich. To
these ports, Winchelsea, Rye and Seaford have been ad-
ded,
CINaUE'-^FOT-TED, a. Having five spots, SJiak.
Cl'ON, 71. [!•': cion, or scion.] 1. A young shoot, twig or
sprout of a tree, or plant, or rather the cutting of a twig,
intended for ingraftnig on another stock 5 also, the shoot
or slip inserted in a stock for propagation.
CiTHER, 71, [Fr, chiffre.] 1. In anthmetic, an Arabian or
Oriental character, of this form, 0, which, standing by it-
self, expresses nothing, but increases or diminishes the
v'llue of other figures, according to its position, 2, A
ciiuracter in general. 3. An mtertexture of lettei-s, as
1 he initials of a name ; a device; an enigmatical character.
'f A secret or disguised manner of writing ; certain char-
yclers arbitrarily invented and agreed on by two or more
persons, to stand for letters or words, and understood only
by the persons who invent, or agree to use them,
Cl'PHER, V. i. In popular language, to use figures, or to
practice aritlimetic,
Cl'PHER, 7;, f- 1. To write in occult characters, 2, To des-
ignate ; to characterize,
CI'PHER-ING, ppr. I. Using figures, or practicing arithme-
tic, 2, Writing in occult characters.
Ci[P'0-LIN, 71, [qu. It, cipolla.] A green maible.
CiR€._ See Circus.
CtR-Ce'AN, a. Pertaining to Circe.
CiR-CEN'SIAN, a. [L. circenses.] Pertaining to the circus,
in Rome,
CtR'CI-NAL, a. [L. circinus.] Rolled in spirally down-
wards, the tip occupying the centre ; a term in foliation
or leafing, as in ferns.
CiR'CI-JMATE, V. t. [L. circino.] To make a circle ; to
compass, ^
t CiR-CI-NA'TION, 71. An orbicular motion.
CiR'CLE, 71, [Fr. cercle ; It. circolo ,• L, circulus.] 1. In
geometry, a plane figure comprehended by a single curve
line, called its circumference, every part of whicli is equal-
ly distant from a point called the centre. — 2, In popular
use, the line that comprehends the figure, the plane or
surface comprehended, and the whole body or solid mat-
ter of a round substance, are denominated a circle ; a
ring ; an orb ; the earth, 3. Compass ; circuit ; a terri
torial division, 4, An assembly surrounding the principnl
person, 5, A series ending where it begins, and perpetu
ally repeated ; a going round. 6. Circumlocution ; indi-
rect form of words, — 7. In logic, an inconclusive form of
argument, wlien the same terms are proved m orbem by
the same terms, and the parts of the syllogism alternately
by each other, directly and indirectly.
CiR'CLE, V. t. 1. To move round ; to revolve round. 2. To
encircle ; to encompass ; to surround ; to inclose. — 3. To
circle in, to confine ; to keep together.
CiR'CLE, V. i. To move circularly.
CiR'CLED, pp. Surrounded ; encompassed ; inclosed
CiR'CLED, a. Having the form of a circle ; round.
CtR'CLER, 71. A mean poet, or circular poet,
CiR'CLET, 71, A little circle ; a circle ; an orb.
CIR'CLING, ppr. Surrounding ; gomg round ; inclosing,
CiR'CLING, a. Cij-cular ; round, Milton.
tClR'CLY, a. In the form of a circle, Huloet.
CIR'CO-CeLE, 71. [Gr, Kpiaaos, or Kpicros, and ktiXt).] A va-
rix, or dilatation of the spermatic vein ; a varicocele ,
hernia varicosa.
CiR'CUIT, (sur'kit) 71. [Fr, circuit.] 1. The act of moving
or passing round, 2, The space inclosed in a circle, or
within certain limits, 3, Any space or extent measurea
by traveling round, 4, That which encircles ; a i-ing ; d
diadem, 5, The journey of judges for ine purpose of
holding courts, 6. The counties or states in which the
same judge or judges hold courts and administer justice,
7, A long deduction of reason, — 8. In Zaw, a longer course
of proceedings than is necessary to recover the thing sued
for.
CiR'CUIT, V. I. To move in a cnxle ; to go round, Philipa
CiR'CUIT, V. t. To move or go round, Warton.
CiR-CUIT-EER', 71, One that travels a circuit. Pope.
CiR-CU-I"TION, 71, [L, circuitio.] The act of going round ;
compass ; circumlocution, [Little iiscd.] Hooker.
CtR-Cu'I-TOUS, (sur-ku'e-tus) a. Going round in a cir-
cuit ; not direct,
CiR-Cu'I-TOUS-LY, (sur-kG'e-tus-ly) adv. In a cir-
cuit,
CiR-Cu'I-TY, 71, A going round ; a course not direct,
t CiR'CU-LA-BLE, a. That may be circulated,
CiR'€U-LAR, a. [L, circularis.] 1. In the form of a circle ;
round ; circumscribed by a circle ; spherical. 2. Succes-
sive in order ; always returning, 3, Vulgar ; mean ;
circumforaneous, Dennis. 4. Ending in itself ; used of a
paralogism, where the second proposition at once proves
the first, and is proved by it. 5, Addressed to a circle, or
to a number of persons having a common interest.— 6. Cir-
cular lines, such straight lines as are divided from tlie
divisions made in the arch of a circle,— 7, Circular num-
bers are those whose powers terminate in the roots them-
selves ; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 36, — 8, Cir-
cular sailing is the method of sailing by the arch of a
great circle,
CiR'CU-LAR, v. A circular letter, or paper.
CiR-CU-LAR'I-TY, 71, A circular form,
CiR'CU-LAR-LY, adv. In a circular manner ; in the form
of a circle ; in the form of going and returning.
|CiR'€U-LAR-LY, a. Ending in itself. Hooker
CiR'CU-LATE, v. i. [Fr, circuler ; L. circulo.] 1. To move
m a circle ; to move or pass round ; to move round, and
return to the same point. 2. To pass from place to place,
from person to person, or from hand to hand ; to be dif-
fused. 3. To move round ; to run ; to flow in veins or
channels, or in an inclosed place.
CiR'CU-LATE, V. t. To cause to pass from place to place,
or from person to person ; to put about ; to spread.
CiR-€U-LA'TION, 71. 1. The act of moving round, or in a
circle, or in a course which biings, or tends to bring, the
moving body to the point where its motion began. 9. A
series in which the same order is preserved, and things re-
turn to the same state. 3. The act of going and returning,
or of passing from place to place, or from pereon to person
4. Cm-rency ; circulating coin, or notes or bills current for
coin, — 5, In chemistry, circulation is an operation by
which the same vapor, raised by fire, falls back to be re-
turned and distilled several times.
CiR-CU-LA-To'RI-OUS, a. Traveling in a circuit, or from
house to house, [Little used ]
* See Synopsis. X, E, T, 0, V, Y, long.— FaB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— 1 Obsolete.
CIR
147
CIR
CtR'CU-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Circular. 2. Circulating.
CtR'€U-LA-TO-RY, n. A chemical vessel.
OlR-€UM-AM BI-EN-CY, n. [L. circwm and amlio.'] Tlie
act of surrounding, or encompassing.
Cill-€UM-AM'BI-ENT, a. Surrounding ; encompassing ;
inclosing, or being on all sides ; used particularly of the
air about the earth.
CiR-€UM-AM'BU-LATE, v. i [L. circumambulo.] To walk
round about. [Little used.]
CiR-€UM-AM-BU-LA'TION, n. The act of walking round.
[Little used.]
Cik-€UM-CELL'ION, n. In church history^ a set of illite-
rate peasants that adhered to the DonatistS in the fourth
century.
CiR'€UM-ClSE, V. t. [L. circumcido.] To cut oif the pre-
puce or foreskin ; a ceremony or rite in the Jewish and
Mohammedan religions.
CiR'CUM-ClS-ER, n. One who performs circumcision.
CiR-CUM-CIS'ION, n. The act of cutting off the prepuce or
foreskin.
t CiR-CUM-CUR-SATION, n. [L. circum and curso.] The
act of running about.
CiR-CUM-DQCT', v. t. [L. circumduco.] To contravene ;
to nullify ; a term of civil law. [Little used.]
CtR-€U]M-DUe'TION, n. 1. A leading about. [Little used.]
2. An annuling J cancelation. [Little used.]
"CtRCUM-FER, V. t. [L. circumfero.] To bear or carry
round. Bacon.
CiR-€UM FE-RENCE, n. [L. circumferentia.] 1. The line
that bounds a circle ; the exterior line of a circular body ;
the whole exterior surface of a round body ; a periphery.
2. The space included in a circle. 3. An orb ; a circle ;
any thmg circular or orbicular.
tClR-eUM'FE-RENCE, v. t. To include in a cu-cular
space. Brown.
CiR-€UM-FE-REN'TIAL, a. Pertaining tr the circum-
ference. Parkhurst.
CiR-€UM-FE-REN'TOR, n. An instrument used by sur-
veyors for taking angles.
CiR'eUM-FLEX, n. [L. circumjlexus.] In grammar, an
accent serving to note or distinguish a syllable of an in-
termediate sound between acute and grave ; marked in
Greek thus ".
CiR'CUM-FLEX, v. t. To mark or pronounce with the ac-
cent called a circumflex.
CiR-€UM'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. circumfluens.] A flowing
round on all sides : an inclosure of waters.
CiR-€UM'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing round ; surrounding as a
fluid. Pope.
CiR-CUM'FLU-OUS, a. [L. circumfluus.] Flowing round ;
encompassing as a fluid ; circumfluent.
CiR-€UM-FO-RA'NE-AN, \ a. [L. circumfvraneus.] Go-
CiR-€UM-FO-RA'NE-OUS, \ ing about ; walking or wan-
dering from, house to house
CiR-CUM-FuSE',^. t. [L. circumfusus.] 1. To pour round ;
to spread round, as a fluid. 2. To spread round ; to sur-
round.
CiR-€UM-Fu'SILE, a. [1.. circum w.Afusilis.] That may
be poured or spread round.
CiR-CUM-Fu'SION, n. The act of pouring or spreading
round ; the state of being poured round.
CiR-eUM-GES-TA'TION, n. [L. circum and gestatio.] A
carrying about. Taylor.
CiR-€UM'GY-RATE, or CiR-€UM-GYRE', v. t. [L. cir-
cum and gyrus.] To roll or turn round. [Little used.]
CiR-€UM-6Y-RA'TlON, n. The act of turning, rolling or
whirling round ; the turning of a hmb in its socket.
t CiR-€UM-l''T10N, 71. [L. circumeo.] The act of going
round. Diet.
CiR-CUM-JA'CENT, a. [L. circumjacens.] Lying round ;
bordering on every side.
CiR-€UM-LI-GA'TION, n. [L. circumligo.] The act of
binding round ; the bond with which any thing is en-
compassed.
CiR-€UM-LO-€u'TION, ?i. [lu. circ7imlocutio.] A circuit or
compass of words ; a periphrase ; the use of a number of
words to express an idea instead of a single term.
CiR-€UM-LO€'U-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to circumlocution ;
consisting or contained in a compass of words ; periphras-
tic.
CtR-€UM-MuR'ED, a. [L. circum and mums.] Walled
round ; encompassed with a wall.
CiR-€UM-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be sailed round.
Ray.
CiR-€UM-NAV'I-GATE, v. t. [L. circumnavigc] To sail
round ; to pass round bv water.
CiR-€UM-NAV-I-GA'TlbN, n. The act of sailing round.
CtR-€UM-NAV'I-GA-TOR, n. One who sails round.
CiR-€UM-PLI-€A'TION, n. [L. circtimplico.] A folding,
winding or wrapping round ; or a state of being inwrap-
ped. [Little used.]
CiR-CUM-PO'LAR, a. About the pole.
ClR-€UM-PO-Si"TION, n. The act of placing in a ckcle :
or the state of being so placed.
CiR-€UM-RA'SION, 71. [L. circumrasio.] The act of shav-
ing or paring round. [Little used.]
CiR-€UM-Ro'TA-RY, a. Turning, rolling or whirling
round. Shenstone.
CiR-€UM-RO-TA'TION, 71. [L. circum and rotatio.] The
act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel ; circumvo-
lution ; the state of being whirled round.
CiR-€UM-S€RlBE', v. t. [L. circumscribo.] 1. To inclose
within a certain limit ; to limit, bound, confine. 2. To
write round ^[little used.]
CiR-€UM-S€RlB'ED, (sur-kum^skribd') pp. Drawn round,
as a line ; limited ; confined.
CiR-€UM-S€RlB'ING, ppr. Drawing a line round ; in-
closing ; limiting ; confining.
CiR-€UM-S€RIP'TI-BLE, a. That may be circumscribed
or limited by bounds.
CiR-CUM-SCRIPTION, n. 1. The line that limits ; limi
tation ; bound ; confinement. — 2. In natural philosophy
the termination or limits of a body. 3. A circular inscrip
tion.
CiR-€UM-S€RIP'TIVE, a. Defining the external form
marking or inclosing the limits or superficies of a body.
CiR-€UM-S€RIPTIVE-LY, adv. In a limited manner.
Montagu.
CiR'€UM-SPE€T, a. [L. circumspectus.] Cautious 5 pru-
dent ; watchful on all sides.
t CtR'€UM-SPE€T, v. t. To examine carefully
CiR-€UM-SPE€'TION, n. [L. circumspectio.] Caution ; at
tention to all the facts and circumstances of a case.
CtR-€UM-SPE€'TIVE, a. Looking round every way;
cautious: careful of consequences ; watchful of danger.
CiR-€UM-SPE€'TIVE-LY, adv. Cautiously; vigilantly;
heedfully ; with watchfulness to guard against danger.
CiR'€UM-SPECT-LY, adv. Cautiously ; with watchfulness
every way ; with attention to guaid against surprise or
danger.
CiR'€UM-SPE€T-NESS, n. Caution ; ckcumspection ; vig-
ilance in guarding against evil from every quarter.
CiR'CUM -STANCE, n. [L. circumstantia.] 1. Something
attending, appendant, or relative to a fact, or case ; a
particular thing, which, though not essential to an action,
in some way affects it. 2. The adjuncts of a fact, which
make it more or less criminal, or make an accusation
more or less probable; accident ; sometliing adventitious;
incident ; event. 3. Circumstances, in i>he plural, condi-
tion, in regard to wordly estate ; state of property.
t CiR'CUM-STANCE, v. t. To place in a particular situa-
tion. Donne.
CiR'CUM-STANCED, pp. or a. Placed in a particular man-
ner, with regard to attending facts or incidents ; as, cir-
cumstanced as we were, we could not escape.
t CiR'CUM-STANT, a. Surrounding.
t CiR-€UM-STAN'TIA-BLE, a. Capable of being circum-
stantiated. Bp. Taylor.
CiR-CUM-STAN'TIAL, a. 1. Attending ; relating to ; but
not essential. 2. Consisting in or pertaining to circum-
stances, or to particular incidents. 3. Incidental ; casual.
4. Abounding with circumstances, or exhibiting all the
circumstances ; minute ; particular. — 5. In law, circum-
stantial evidence is that which is obtained from circum-
stances, which necessarily or usually attend facts of a
particular nature, from which arises presumption.
CiR-CUM-STAN'TIAL, n. Circumstantials are things in-
cident to the main subject.
CiR-€UM-STAN-TIAL'I-TY n. 1. The appendage of cir-
cumstances ; the state of any thing as modified by cir-
cumstances. 2. Particularity in exhibiting circumstances •
minuteness.
CiR-€UM-STAN'TIAI -LY, adv. 1. According to circum-
stances ; not essentially ; accidentally. 2. Minutely ; ex-
actly ; in every circumstance or particular.
CiR-€UM-STAN'TIATE, v.t. 1. To place ui particular
circumstances. 2. To place in a particular condition witli
regard to power or wealth. Swift. [This word is little
used.]
CIR-CUM-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. circum and terra.]
Around the earth. •
CIR-CUM-VAL'LATE, v. t. To surround with a rampart.
[Little used.]
CiR-CUM-VAL-La'TION, 71.' [1.. circumvallo.] 1. In the
art of war, a surrounding with a wall or rampart ; also a
wall, rampart, or parapet with a trdnch, surrounding the
camp of a besieging army. 2. The rampart, or fortifica-
tion surrounding a besieged place.
t CiR-CUM-VEC'TION, n. [L. circum and veho ] A carry-
uig about.
CiR-CUM-VENT', v. t. [L. circumvenio.] To gain advan
tage over another, or to accomplish a purpose, by arts
stratagem, or deception ; to deceive : to prevail over an-
other by wiles or fraud ; to delude ; to unpose on.
CiR-CUM-VENT'ED, pp. Deceived by craft or stratagem ,
deluded.
CiR-CUM-VENT'ING, ppr. Deceiving; imposing on.
CiR-CUM-VEN'TION, n. 1. The act of prevailmg over
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; THas in this, f Obsolete
CIT
148 -
CIV
another by arts, address, or fraud : deception ; fraud ; im-
posture j delusion. 2. Preventioi; pjeoccupalion ; \obs.'\
Shak.
CiR-€UM-VENT'IVE, a. Deceiving by artifices ; deluding.
CiR-€UM-VEST', v. t. [L. circumvestio.} To cover round,
as with a garment. Wotton.
CiR-€UM-VO-LA'TION, n. [L. circumvolo.'] The act of
flying round. [Little used.^
CiR-€UM-VO-Lu'TION, n. 1. The act of rolling round ;
the state of being roUed ; also, the thing rolled round an-
other. — 2. In architecture, the torv^ of the spiral line of
the Ionic order.
CtR-€UM-VOLVE', (sur-kum-volv') v.t. [L.circumvolvo.]
To roll round ; to cause to revolve ; to put into a circular
motion.
CiR-€UM-VOLVE', v. i. To roll round ; to revolve.
CiR-€UM-VOLV'ED, (sur-kum-volvd') pp. Rolled round ;
moved in a circular manner.
CiR-€UM-VOLV'ING, ppr. Rolling round ; revolving.
CiR€'US, n.; plu. Circuses, [L.] 1. In antiquity, around or
oval edifice, used for the exhibition of games and shows
to the people. 2. The open area, or space inclosed, in
which were exhibited games and shows. — 3. In modern
times, a circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of
horsemanship.
CiRL, n. An Italian bird about the size of a sparrow.
CIR-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cirrus and/ero.] Producing ten-
drils or claspers, as a plant.
CIR'ROUS, a. [L. cirrus.} Terminating in a cirrus, curl or
tendril.
CIS-ALP'IK^, a. [L. cis and M-pes.} On this side of the
Alps, with ic'gard to Rome ; that is, on the south of the
Alps j opposeu to transalpine.
CIS'PA-DANE, a. [L. cis and Padus.} On this side of the
Po, with regard tt> Rome ; that is, on the south side.
CIS-SOID', n. [Gr. /ctu^oj and etJos.] A curve of the second
order, invented by Dit^'-les.
t CIS'SOR. See Cizar aiii Scissor.
CIST, n. A case. See Ctsv, the proper orthography.
CIST'ED, ft. Inclosed in a cyst. See Cysted.
CIS-TER'CIAN, 71. [Cisteaux.'] A monk, a reformed Bene-
dictine.
CIS'TERN, n. [L. cistema.} I. An artificial reservoir or
receptacle for holding water, beer or other liquor, ^ls in
domestic uses, distilleries and breweries. 2. A natural
reservoir ; a hollow place containing water ; as a fountain
or lake.
CIST'IC See Cystic.
CIST'US, n. [Gr. Kiarog.] The rock-rose. Encyc.
CIT, 71. [contracted fi-om citizen.'] A citizen, in a low sense ;
an inhabitant of a city ; a pert townsman ; a pragmatical
trader. Pope.
GIT'A-DEL, n. [Fr. citadelle ; It. cittadella.] A fortress or
castle, in or near a city, intended for its defense j a place
of arms.
Ct'TAL, m. I. Reproof; impeachment; [little used.] Shak.
2. Summons; citation; quotation; [little used.]
CI-Ta''TION, 7i. [L. citatio.] 1. A summons ; an official
call or notice, given to a person, to appear in a court.
2. Qtuotation ; the act of citing a passage from a book.
3. Enumeration; mention.
Cl'TA-TO-RY, a. Citing; calling; having the power or
form of citation.
CITE, V. t. [L. cito.] 1. To call upon officially, or authori-
tatively ; to summon ; to give legal or official notice, as to
a defendant to appear in court. 2. To enjoin ; to direct ;
to summon ; to order or urge. 3. To quote ; to name or
repeat, as a passage or the words of another, either from a
book or from verbal communication. 4. To call or name,
_in support, proof or confirmation.
CiT'ER, n. 1. One who cites or summons into court. 2.
One who quotes a passage or the words of another.
CIT'ESS, n. A ciiy woman. [Little used.]
CITH-A-RIS'TI€, a. [L. cithara.] Pertaining to or adapted
to the harp.
CITH'ERN, 71. [L. cithara.] A stringed musical instrument?
among the ancients.
CIT'I-CISM, 71. The manners of a cit or citizen.
CIT'IED, a. Belonging to a city. Drayton.
CIT'I->SIN, 71. A substance of a yellow color, obtained from
the seeds of the cyti^us labui-num.
CIT'I-ZEJsT, (sit'e-zn) 7?. [Fr. citotjen.] 1. A native of a
city, or an inhabitant who enjoys the freedom and privi-
leges of the city in which he resides. 2. A townsman ; a
man of trade ; not a gentleman. 3. An inhabitant ; a
dweller in any city, town or place. — 4. In a general sense,
a native or permanent resident in a city or country. —
5. In the U. States, a person, native or naturalized, who
has the privilege of exercising the elective franchise, and
of purchasing and holding real estate.
CIT'I-ZEN, a. Having the qualities of a citizen.
CIT'I-ZEN-TZE, V. t. To make a citizen ; to admit to the
rights and privileges of a citizen. Pickering.
CIT'I-ZEN-SHIP, 71. The state of being vested tvith the
rights and privileges of a citizen.
CIT'RATE, n. [L. citrus.] In chemistry, a neutral salt,
formed by a union of the citric acid with a base. The
onion yields citrate of lime. Ure.
CIT'RIC, a. Belonging to lemons or limes ; as citric aeid.
CIT'illL, 71. A beautiful song bird of Italy.
CIT-RI-Na'TION, 71. The turning to a yellow-green color.
CIT'RiNE, a. [L. citrinu^.] Like a citron or lemon ; of a
lemon color ; yellow, or greenish-yellow.
CIT'RiNE, n. A species of very fine sprig crystal.
CIT'RON, n. [Fr. citron.] The fruit of the citron-tree, a
large species of lemon.
CIT'RON-TREE, n. The tree which produces the citron,
of the genus citrus.
CIT'RON- WATER, n. A liquor distilled with the rind of
citrons.
t CIT'RUL, 71, The pompion or pumpkin,
CIT':^, n. [Fr. cite; It. citta.] 1. in a general sense, a
large town. — 2. In a 7«ore appropriate sense, a corporate
town ; a tov/n or collective body of inhabitants, incorpo-
rated and governed by particular officers, as a mayor and
aldermen. — In Great Britain, a town corporate, that has a
bishop and a cathedral church. 3. The collective body
of citizens, or the inhabitants of a city.
CIT'Y, a._ Pertaining to a city. Shak.
CIT'Y-CoURT, n. The municipal court of a city, consL«l.
Jng of the mayor or recorder and aldermen. U. States.
CiVES, n. [Fr. cive.] A species of leek, of the genus al-
lium.
CIVET, 71. [Fr. civeite.] A substance, of the consistence
of butter or honey, taken from a bag under the tail of the
civet-cat. It is used as a perfume.
CIVET-CAT, 71. The animal that produces civet, a spe-
cies of viverra.
CIVIC, a. [1:. civicus.] Literally, pertaining to a city or
citizen ; relating to civil affairs or honors.
t CIVIC-AL, a. Belonging to civil honors.
CIVIL, a. [L. civilis.] i. Relating to the community, or
to the policy and government of the citizens and subjects
of a state. 2. Relating to any man as a member of a
community. 3. Reduced to order, rule and government ;
under a regular administration ; implying some refinement
of manners ; not savage or wild. 4. Civilized ; courteous ;
complaisant ; gentle and obliging ; v/ell-bred ; affable ;
kind ; having the manners of a city. 5. Grave ; sober ;
not gay or showy. 6. Complaisant ; polite ; a popular
colloquial use of the jcord. — 7. Civil death, in law, is that
which cuts off" a man from civil society. — 8. Civil law, in
a general sense, the law of a state, city or country ; but
in an appropriate sense, the Roman law. — 9. Civil list, the
officers of civil government, who are paid from the public
treasury. — 10. Civil state, the whole body of the laity or
citizens, not included under the militaiy, maritime and
ecclesiastical states. — 11. Civil war, a war between peopie
of the same state or city. — 12. Civil year, the legtl year,
or annual account of time which a government appoints
to be used in its own dominions. — 13. Civil architecture,
the architecture which is employed in constructing build-
ings for the purposes of civil life.
CI-VIL'IAN, 71. I. One who is skilled in the Roman law ;
a professor or doctor of civil law. 2. In a 7nore extended
sense, one who is versed in law and government. 3. A
student of the civil law at the university.
t CIVIL-IST, 71. A civilian.
CI-VIL'I-TY, 72. [1.. civilitas.] 1. The state of being civilr
ized ; refinement of manners ; applied to nations. Spenser.
2. Good breeding ; politeness ; complaisance ; courtesy ;
decorum of behavior in the treatment of others, accom-
panied with kind offices. Civility respects manners or
external deportment, and, in the plural, civilities denote
acts of politeness. ♦
CIV-IL-I-Za'TION, 71. I. The act of civilizing, or the state
of being civilized. 2. The act of rendering a criminal
process civil ; [not used.]
CIVIL-lZE, V. t. [It. civilizzare ; Fr. civiliser.] To reclaim
from a savage state ; to introduce civility of manners
among a people, and instruct them in the arts of regular
life.
CIVIL-IZED, pp. Reclaimed from savage life and man-
ners ; jnstructed in arts, learning and civil manners.
CIVIL-lZ-ER, n. 1. One who civilizes ; be that reclaims
others from a wild and savage life, and teaches them the
rules and customs of civility, 2, That which reclaims
from savageness,
CIVIL-lZ-ING, ppr. Reclaiming from savage life ; instruct-
ing in arts and civility of manners.
CIVIL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner relating to government, ot
to the rights or character of a member of the community
2. In a manner relating to private rights. 3. Not natu-
rally, but in law. 4. Politely; complaisantly ; gently
with dae decorum ; courteously. 5. Without gaudy col
ors, or finery ; [obs.]
CIVISM, 71. [L. cims.] Love of country ; patriotism
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; j Ols-Jete.
CLA
149
CLA
* CIZ AR, V. t. To clip with scissors. Beaumont.
CIZ'AR. See Scissors.
CIZE, Tor Size, is not in use.
€LAB'BEil, or BON'NY-€LAB'BER, n. Milk turned, be-
come thick or inspissated.
CLAGK, V. i. [Fr. claquer.] 1. To make a sudden, sharp
noise, as by striking or cracking ; to clink ; to click. 2.
To utter words rapidly and continually, or with sharp,
abrupt sounds ; to let the tongue run.
€LA€K, n. [W dec] 1. A sharp, abrupt sound, continu-
ally repeated, such as is made by striking an object, or by
bursting or cracking ; continual talk. 2. The instrument
that strikes the hopper of a grist-mill, to move or shake it,
for discharging the corn. And, according to Johnson, a
bell that rings when more corn is required to be put in.
eLA€K'-DISH, n. A beggar's dish, with a movable cover,
which they clack. SJiak.
OLACK'ER, 71. One that clacks ; that which clacks.
eLA€K'ING, ppr. Making a sharp, abrupt sound, continu-
ally repeated j talking continually ; tattling ; rattling with
the tongue.
€LA€K'ING, n. A prating.
CLAD, pp. [See Clothe.] Clothed ; invested ; covered as
with a garment.
€LAIM, V. t. [L. clamo.'] 1. To call for ; to ask or seek to
obtain, by virtue of authority, right or supposed right ; to
challenge as a right ; to demand as due. 2. To assert, or
maintain as a right. 3. To have a right or title to. 4. To
proclaim; fobs.] 5. To call or name ; [obs.]
€LAIM, n. A demand of a right or supposed right ; a calling
on another for something due, or supposed to be due.
9. A right to claim or demand ; a title to any debt, privi-
lege or other thing in possession of another. 3, The thing
claimed or demanded. 4. A loud call ; [obs.] Spense?-.
CLAIM' A-BLE, a. That may be demanded as due.
CLaIM'ANT, n. 1. A person who claims ; one who de-
mands any thing as his right. 2. A person who has a
right to claim or demand.
CLAIMED, Pi'- Demanded as due ; challenged as a right j
asserted; maintained.
CLAIM'ER, n. A claimant ; one who demands as due.
CLAIM'ING, ppr. Demanding as due ; challenging as a
right ; asserting ; maintaining ; having a right to de-
mand.
CLAIR'-OB-SetJRE'. See Clare-obscuke.
CLAM, n. A bivalvular shell-fish.
CLAM'-SHELL, n. The shell of a clam.
€IjAM, V. t. [Bax. clamian.] To clog with glutinous or vis
cous matter.
CLAM, V. i. To be moist. [Little used.]
CLa'MANT, a. Crying ; beseeching.
CLAM'BER, V. i. To climb with difficulty, or with hands
and feet.
CLAM'BER-ING, ppr. Climbing with effort and labor.
CLAM'MI-NESS, n. The state of being viscous ; viscosity ;
stickiness ; tenacity of a soft substance.
CLAM'MY, a. Thick, viscous, adhesive ; soft and sticky ;
glutinous; tenacious.
CLAM'OR, n. [L. clamor.] 1. A great outcry ; noise ; ex-
clamation; continued vociferation. Shak. 2. Figurative-
ly, loud and continued noise.
CLAM'OR, V. t. To stun with noise. Bacon. — To clamor
bells, is to multiply the strokes.
CLAM'OR, V. i. To utter loud sounds, or outcries ; to talk
loud ; to utter loud voices repeatedly ; to vociferate ; to
utter loud voices ; to complain ; to make unportunate de-
mands.
CLAM'OR-ER, n. One who clamors.
CLAM'OR -ING, JW- Uttering and repeating loud words;
making a great and continued noise, particularly in com-
plaint or importunate demands.
CLAM'OR-OUS a. Speaking and repeating loud words;
noisy ; vociferous ; loud ; turbulent.
CLAM'OR-OUS-LY, adv. With loud noise or words.
CLAM'OR-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being loud
or noisy.
CLAMP, n. [D. klamp.] 1. In general, something that
fastens or binds ; a piece of tim.ber or of iron, used to fas-
ten work together ; or a particular manner of uniting work
by letting boards into each other. — 2. In ship-building, a
thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side, used to sus-
tain the ends of the beams. 3. A smooth, crooked plate of
ii-on, forelocked on the trunnions of a cannon, to keep it fast
to tiie carriage. 4. A pile of bricks laid up for burning.
CLAMP, v.t. 1. To fasten with clamps. 2. In joinery, to
fit a piece of board with the grain to the end of another
piece of board across the grain.
CLAMP, V. i [D, klompen.] To tread heavily Craven di-
alect.
CLAMPED, pp. United or strengthened with a clamp.
CLAMP'ING, ppr Fastening or strengthening with a
clamp.
CLAN, 71. [Ir. clann,OT eland; Erse, clan, or hlaan.] 1. A
race ; a family ; a tribe ; an association of persons under
a chieftain. 2. In contempt, a sect, society, or body of
persons closely united. Swift.
CLAN'CU-LAR, a. [L. cl'ancularius.] Clandestine ; se-
cret ; private ; concealed. [Little iised.]
CLAN'CU-LAR- LY, adv. Privately ; secretly. [Little used.}
CLAN-DES'TiNE, a. [L. clandestinus.] Secret; private;
hidden ; withdrawn from public view.
CLAN-DES'TiNE-LY, adv. Secretly; privately; in se-
cret.
CLAN-DES'TiNE-NESS, n. Secrecy ; a state of conceal-
ment.
t CLAN-DES-TIN'I-TY, n. Privacy or secrecy.
CLANG, v. t. [L. clango.] To make a sharp, shrill soimd,
as by striking metallic substances ; or to strike with a
sharp sound.
CLANG, n. [L. clangor.] A sharp, shrill sound, made by
striking together metallic substances, or sonorous bodies,
or any like sound.
CLANG'OR, 7!. [L.] A sharp, shrill, harsh sound. [See
Clang.] Dryden.
CLANG'OR-OUS, a. Sharp or harsh in sound.
CLANG'OUS, a. Making a clang, or a shrill or hai-sh
sound.
CLAN ISH, a. Closely united, like a clan ; disposed to ad-
here closely, as the members of a clan.
CLAN'iSH-NESS, n. Close adherence or disposition to
unite, as a clan.
CLANK, n. The loud, shrill, sharp sound, made by a col-
lision of metallic or other sonorous bodies.
CLANK, V. t. To make a sharp, shrill sound ; to strike with
a sharp sound.
CLAN 'SHIP, n. A state of union, as in a family or clan ; an
association under a chieftain.
CLAP, v. t. pret. and pp. clapped or clapt. [D. Idappen,
kloppcn.] 1. To strike with a quick motion, so as to
make a noise by the collision ; to strike with something
broad, or having a flat surface. 2. To thrust ; to drive to-
gether ; to shut hastily. 3. To thrust or drive together ;
to put one thing to another by a hasty or sudden motion.
4. To thrust ; to put, place, or send. 5. To applaud ; to
manifest approbation or praise by striking the hands to-
gether. 6. To infect with venereal poison. — To clap up.
1. To make or complete hastily. 2. To imprison hastily,
or with little delay.
CLAP, v.i. 1. To move or drive together suddenly with
noise. 2. To enter on with alacrity and briskness ; to
drive or thrust on. 3. To strike the hands together in ap-
plause.
CLAP, n. 1. A driving together ; a thrust and collision of
bodies with noise, usually bodies with broad surfaces.
2. A sudden act or motion ; a thrust. 3. A burst of
sound ; a sudden explosion. 4. An act of applause ; a
striking of hands to express approbation. 5. [Fr. clapoir.]
A venereal infection. Pope. — 6. With /aZcoTiers, the neth-
er part of the beak of a hawk.
CLAP'-BoARD, n. A thin, narrow board for covering
houses. — In England, according to Bailey, a clapboard is
also what in .America is called a stave for casks.
CLAP'-DISH, n. A wooden bowl or dish.
CLAP'-DOC-TOR, n. One who is skilled in healmg the
clao.
CLAP'-NET, n. A net for taking larks.
CLAPPED, pp. Thrust or put on or together ; applauded by
striking the hands together ; infected with the venereal
CLAP'PITr, n. 1. A person who claps, or applauds by clap-
ping. 2. That which strikes, as the tongue of a bell, or
the piece of wood that strikes a mill-hopper.
tCLAP'FER, ?i. [Old Fr. clapier.] A place for rabbits to
burrow in. Chaucer.
CLAP'PER-CLAW, v. t. To scold ; to abuse with the
tongue ; to revile. Shak,
CLAP' PING, ppr. Driving or putting on, in, over, or under,
by a sudden motion ; striking the hands together.
CLARE, 71. A nun of the order of St. Clare.
CLAR'EN-CEUX, ) /tioWor. c^,.^ S «• In Great B^tain.
CLAR'EN-CIEUX, \ ^^laren-snuj | ^j^^ ^^^.^^^^ j^.^^^ ^^
arms, so called from the duke of Clarence.
CLARE-OB-SCtJRE', n. [L. clarus and obscurus.] Light
and shade in painting.
CLAR'ET, 71. [Fr. clairet.] A species of French wine, of a
clear pale red color.
CLAR'I-CHORD, n. [L. clarus and chorda.] A musical in-
strument in form of a spinet, called also manichord.
CLAR-I-FI-CA'TION, n. The act of clearmg ; particularly
the clearing or fining of liquid substances.
CLAR'I-FlED, pp. Purified ; made clear or fine ; defecat-
ed.
CLAR'I-Fi-ER, n. 1. That which clarifies or purifies. 2.
A vessel in which liquor is clarified.
CLAR'I-F1?, V. t. [Fr. clarifier.] 1. To make clear ; to
purify from feculent matter ; to defecate ; to fine. 2. To
make clear ; to brighten or illuminate ; [rarely iLsed.]
CLAR'I-FY, V. i. 1. To clear up ; to grow clear or bright.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE € as K : G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «A«s f ObsolUe
CLA
150
CLE
2 To grow or become clear or fine ; to become pure, as
liquors.
(JLAR'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making clear, pure, or bright j def-
ecating : growing clear.
€LAR'I-NET, n. [Fr. clarinette.] A wind instrument of
music.
*€LAR'ION, n. [Fr. clairon.] A kind of trumpet, whose
tube is narrower, and its tone more acute and shrill, than
that of the common trumpet.
€LAR'I-TUDE, 71. Clearness ; splendor. [Little used.]
€LAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. clarte ; L. claritas.] Clearness 5 bright-
ness ; splendor. [Little used.]
€LART, V. t. To daub j to smear ; to spread. Morth of
FMgland.
CLaRT'Y, a. Wet ; slippery ; dirty ; miry. Grose.
t CLAR'Y, V. i. To make a loud or shrill noise.
CLa'RY, 71. A plant of the genus salvia, or sage.
CLa'RY-WA'TER, n. A composition of brandy, sugar,
clary-tlowers, and cinnamon, with a little ambergris dis-
solved in it.
CLASH, V. i. [D. kletscn.] 1. To strike against; to drive
against with force. 2. To meet in opposition ; to be con-
trary ; to act in a contrary direction ; to interfere.
CL/VSH, V. t. To strike one thing against another with
sound.
CLASH, n. 1. A meeting of bodies with violence ; a
striking together with noise ; collision, or noisy collision
of bodies. 2. Opposition ; contradiction, as between dif-
fering or contending interests, views, purposes, &c.
CLASH'ING, ppr. Striking against with noise ; meeting in
opposition ; opposing ; interfering.
CLASH'ING, 7J. A striking against; collision of bodies;
opposition.
CLASP, n. [Ir. clasha.] 1. A hook for fastening ; a catch.
2. A close embrace ; a throwing of the arms round.
CLASP, V. t. 1. To shut or fasten together with a clasp.
Pope. 2. To catch and hold by twining ; to surround and
cling to. 3. To inclose and hold in the hand ; or simply
to inclose or encompass with the fingers. 4. To embrace
closely ; to throw the arms round ; to catch with the
arms. 5. To inclose, and press.
€LaSPED, pp. Fastened with a clasp ; shut ; embraced ;
inclosed ; encompassed ; caught.
CLASP'ER, 71. He or that which clasps ; usually the tendril
of a vine or other plant, which twines round something
for support.
CLASP'ERED, a. Furnished with tendrils.
CLASP'ING, ppr. 1. Twining round; catching and hold-
ing ; embracing ; inclosing ; shutting or fastening with a
clasp. 2. In botany, surrounding the stem at the base,
as a leaf.
CLASP'-KNIFE, n. A knife which folds into the handle.
CLASS, v.. [L. classis.] 1. An order or rank of persons ; a
number of persons in society, supposed to have some re-
semblance or equality, in rank, education, property, tal-
ents, and the like. 2. A number of students in a college
or school, of the same standing, or pursuing the same
studies. 3. Scientific division or arrangement; a set of
beings or things, having something in common, or ranged
under a common denomination.
CLASS, V. t. 1. To an-ange in a class or classes ; to arrange
in sets or ranks, according to some method founded on
natural distinctions. 2. To place in ranks or divisions
students that are pursuing the same studies ; to form into
a class or classes.
CLAS'Sie, or €LAS'SI-CAL, a. [L. classicus.] 1. Relat-
ing to ancient Greek and Roman authors, of the first rank
or estimation. 2. Pertaining to writers of the first rank
among the moderns ; being of the first order. 3. Denot-
ing an order of Presbyterian assemblies.
CLAS'Sie, V. 1. An author of the first rank ; a writer
whose style is pure, correct, and refined ; pnmarily, a
Greek rr Roman author of this character. 2. A book
written by an author of the first class.
CLASS! CAL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of classes; ac-
cording to a regular order of classes or sets. 2. In a
classical manner; according to the manner of classical
authors.
CLAS-SIF'I€, a. Constituting a class or classes; noting
classificatiorv 01 the order of distribution into sets. Med
Repns
CLAS-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of forming into a class
or classes ; distribution into sets, sorts or ranks.
CLAS'St-FIED, pp Arranged in classes ; formed into a
class or classes.
CLAS'SI-FY, v. t. [L. classis.] To make a class or classes ;
to distribute into classes ; to arrange in sets according to
some common properties or characters.
CLAS Sl-FY-ING, ppr. Forming a class or classes ; arrang-
ing in sorts or ranks.
€LAS'SIS, 71. 1. Class order; sort. 2. A convention or
assembly.
CLAT'TER, V. i. [D klateren.] 1. To make rattling
sounds ; to make repeated sharp sounds, as by striking
sonorous bodies. 2. To utter continual or repeated sharp
sounds, or rattling sounds, by being struck together.
3. To talk fast and idly ; to run on ; to rattle with the
tongue.
CLAT'TER, V. t. 1. To strike and make a rattling noise.
2. To dispute, jar, or clamor.
CLAT'TER, n. 1. A rapid succession of abrupt, sharp
sounds, made by the collision of metallic or other son'w
rous bodies; rattling sounds. 2. Tumultuous and con-
fused noise ; a repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds.
CLAT'TER-ER, n. One who claltei-s ; a babbler.
CLAT'TER-ING, ppr. Making or uttering sharp, abrupt
sounds, as by a collision of sonorous bodies ; talking fist
with noise ; rattling.
CLAT'TER-ING, n. A rattling noise.
CLAU'DENT, a. [L. claudens.] Shuttmg ; confining;
drawing together. [Little used.]
€LAU'D1-CANT, a. Halting; limping. [Little used.]
CLAU'DI-CATE, ». 7. [Ij. claudico .] To halt or limp. [Lit-
tle used, or not at all.]
CLAU-DI-Ca'TION, 71. A halting or limping. [Little uscd.\
CLAUSE, ri. [Yr. clause; h. claus^ira.] 1. A member of
aperiod or sentence ; a siibdivision of a sentence. 2. An
article in a contract or other writing ; a distinct part of a
contract, will, agreement, charter, commission, or other
writing.
CLAUSTRAL, a. [L. claustrum.] Relatmg to a cloister, or
religious house.
CLAUS'URE, 71. 1. The act of shutting up or confining;
confinement ; [little used.] 2. In anatomy, an imperfo-
rated canal.
CLAV'A-TED, a. [L. clava.] 1. Club-shaped ; having the
form of a club ; growing gradually thicker towards the
top, as certain parts of a plant. 2. Set with knobs.
CLAVE, pret. of cleave.
CLAV'EL-LA-TED, a. Clavellated ashes, potash and
pearlash. Coxe,
t €La' VER, 71. [Sax. cZ<E/er.l Clover. Sandys
CLAV'IA-RY, n. [L. clavis.] A scale of lines and spaces
in music.
CLAV'I-CHORD, n. [L. clavis and chorda.] A musical in-
strument of an oblong figure, of the nature of a spinet.
CLAV'I-CLE, 71. [L. clavicula.] The collar-bone.
CLAVI-GER, n. [L. clavis and gero.] One who keeps the
keys of any place.
CLAW, 71. [Sax. claw.] 1. The sharp hooked nail of a
beast, bird or other animal. 2. The whole foot of an ani--
mal, armed with hooked nails. 3. The hand, in contempt.
CLAW, 7;. t. [Sax. clawen.] 1. To pull, tear or scratch
with the nails. 2. To scratch or tear in general ; to tickle.
3. To flatter; [obs.] — To claio off or away. 1. To scold
or rail at. — 2. In seamanship, to turn to windward and
beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore. — 3. In vulgar lan-
guage, to scratch away ; to get off or escape.
CLAW'BACK, n. One who flatters; a sycophant; a whee-
dier. Jewel.
t CLAW'BACK, a. Flattering. Bp. Hall.
CLAWED, pp. I. Scratched, pulled or torn with claws.
%' a. Furnished with claws. Grew.
€L AWING, ppr. Pulling, tearing or scratching with claws
or nails.
CL AW'LESS, a. Destitute of claws. Journ. of Science.
CLaY, n. [Sax. clag.] 1. The name of certain substances
which are mixtures of silex and alumin, sometimes with
lime, magnesia, alkali and metallic oxyds ; a species of
earths. — 2. In poetry and in Scripture, earth in general. —
3. In Scripture, clay is used to express fi-ailty, liableness to
decay and destruction.
CLAY, V. t. 1. To cover or manure with clay. 2. To pu-
rify andjwhiten with clay, as sugar.
CLaY'-CoLD, a. Cold as clay or earth ; lifeless. Itowe.
CLAYED, pp. 1. Covered or manured with clay. 2. Pu-
rified and whitened with clay.
CLaYES, n. plu. [Fr. claie.] In fortification, wattles or
hurdles made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover
lodgments.
CLaY'EY, a. Consisting of clay ; abounding with clay ;
partaking of clay ; like clay.
CLaY'-GROUND, 71. Ground consistingof clay, or abounu-
ing with it.
CLaY'ISH, a. Partaking of the nature of clay, or contain-
ing particles of it.
CLAY'-LAND, or CLAY'-SOIL, n. Land consisting o
clay, or abounding with it.
CLaY'-MARL, 71. A whitish, smooth, chalky clay.
CLaY'MORE, n. [See Glaymore.] A two-handed sword.
CLaY'-PIT, n. A^pit where clay is dug. Woodward.
CLaY'-SLATE, 71. In mineralogy, argillaceous shist ; ar
gijlite.
CLaY'-STONE, 71. A mineral, the thonstein of Werner.
CLEAN, a. [Sax. clmne.] 1. Free from dirt, or other foui
matter. 2. Free from weeds or stones. 3. Free from
knots or branches ; as clean timber. In America, clear ia
generahy used. 4. Free flrom moral impurity; innocent
*See Synpsis. A. E, I, 0, C, Y, Zo/i^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD;— f Obsolete.
CLE
151
CLE
5. Free from ceremoniEil defilement. 6. Free from guilt ;
sanctified 5 holy. 7. That might be eaten by the He-
brews. 8. That might be used. 9. Free from a foul dis-
ease 5 cured of leprosy. 10. Dextrous ; adroit ; not bun-
gling 5 free from awkwardness. 11. Free from infection.
€IiEAN, adv. 1. duite ; perfectly ; wholly ; entirely ; fully.
2._ Without miscarriage ; dextrously.
€LeAN, v. t. [Sax. cltBjian.] To remove all foreign mat-
ter frozn 3 to purify.
€LEAN'LI-NESS, (clen'le-ness) n. 1 Freedom from dirt,
filth, or any foul, extraneous matter. 2. Neatness of per-
son or dress ; purity.
t €LEx\N'LI-LY, (clen'le-ly) adv. In a cleanly manner.
€LEAN'LY, (clen'ly) a. 1. Free from dirt,filtli, or any foul
matter ; neat ; carefully avoiding filth. 2. Puie ; free from
mixture 3 innocent. 3. Cleansing; making clean. 4.
Nice ; ai'tful ; dextrous ; adroit ; [obs.]
€LEAN'LV, (clen'ly) adv. In a clean manner; neatly;
without filth.
€LeAN'N£SS, n. 1. Freedom from dirt, filth, and foreign
matter ; neatness. 2. Freedom from infection or a foul
disease. 3. Exactness : purity ; justness ; correctness.
4. Purity ; innocence.— In Scriptwe, cleamiess of hands
<ienotes innocence. Cleanneas of teeth denotes want of
provisions.
€LEANS'A-BLE, (clenzia-bl) a. That may be cleansed.
CLEANSE, (clenz) u. t. \^-ax. clcmsian.'] 1. To purify ; to
make clean ; to remove filth, or foul matter. 2. To free
from a foul or infectious disease ; to heal. 3. To free
from ceremonial pollution, and consecrate to a holy use.
4. To purify from guilt. 5. To remove.
eLEANSED, (clenzd) pp. Purified; made clean ; purged;
healed.
€LEANS'ER, n. He or that which cleanses ; in medicine,
a detergent.
€LEA«NS'ING, (clenz'ing) p-p. Purifying ; making clean ;
purging ; removing foul or noxious matter from ; freeing
from guilt.
€LEANS ING, (clenz'ing) n. The act of purifying, or purg-
ing.
t eLEAN'-TIM-BERED, a. Well-proportioned.
€LeAR, a. lyv.claer.] I. Open; free from obstruction,
2. Free from clouds, or fog; serene. 3. Free from for-
eign matter; unmixed. 4. Free from any thing that cre-
ates doubt or uncertainty ; apparent ; evident ; manifest ;
not obscure ; conspicuous ; that is, open to the mind. 5.
Unclouded ; luminous ; not obscured. 6. Unobstructed ;
unobscured. 7. Perspicacious ; sharp. 8. Not clouded
with care, or ruffled by passion ; cheerful ; serene. 9. Ev-
ident ; undeniable ; indisputable. 10. Quick to under-
stand ; prompt ; acute. 11. Free fi-om guilt or blame ; in-
nocent ; unspotted ; irreproachable. 12. Free frcim bias ;
unprepossessed; not preoccupied ; impartial. 13. Free
from debt, or obligation ; not liable to prosecution. 14.
Free from deductions, or charges. 15. Not entangled ; un-
embarrassed ; free. Id. Open; distinct; not jarring, or
harsh. 17. Liberated ; freed ; acquitted of charges. 18.
Free from spots or any thing tliat disfigures.
CLEAR, adv. 1. Plainly; not obscurely; manifestly. 2.
Clean ; quite ; entirely ; wholly ; indicating entire separa-
tion. — Clear, ox in the clear, ?Ln\ong joiners and carpenters,
denotes the space Vi^ithin walls, or length and breadth,
clear, or exclusive, of the thickness of tlie wall.
CLEAR,?;, t. 1. To make clear; to fine ; to remove any
thing foreign ; to separate from any foul matter ; to purify ;
to clarify. 2. To free from obstructions. 3. To free from
any thing noxious or injurious. 4. To remove any in-
cumbrance, or embarrassment. 5. To free ; to liberate,
or disengage ; to exonerate. 6. To cleanse. 7. To re-
move any thing that obscures. 8. To free from obscurity,
perplexity or ambiguity. 9. To purge from the imputa-
tion of guilt ; to j-ustify or vindicate. 10. In a legal sense,
to acquit on trial, by verdict. 11. To make gaiii or profit,
beyond all expenses and charges. 12. To remove wood
from land ; to cut down trees, remove or burn them, and
prepare land for tillage or pasture. — To clear a ship at the
ciistmn-honse, is to exhibit the documents requked, give
bonds, and procure a permission to sail.
CLEAR, V. i. 1. To become free from clouds or fog ; to
become fair. 2. To be disengaged from incumbrances,
distress or entanglements ; to become free or disengaged.
CLeAR'A<.tE,7i. The removing of any thing. [Little used.]
CLeAR'ANCE, 71. A certificate that a ship or vessel has
been cleared at the custom-house ; permission to sail.
CLEARED, pp. Purified ; freed from foreign matter, or
from incumbrance ; made manifest ; made luminous ;
cleansed ; liberated ; acquitted.
CI>eAR'ER, n. That which clears, purifies, or enlightens ;
tliat which brightens.
CLeAR'ING, ppr. Purifying ; removing foul matter, in-
cumbrances, or obstructions ; making evident, or lumin-
ous ; cleansing ; liberating ; disengaging ; acquitting ;
making gain beyond all costs and charges.
CLeAR'ING, n. 1. A defense ; justification ; vindication.
2. A place or tract of land, cleared of wood for cultivation ;
a covLvionuse of the word inJimerica. 3. The act of mak
ing clear.
CLeAR'LY, ad:v. \. Plainly ; evidently ; fully. 2. With-
out obstruction ; luminously. 3. With clear discernment
4. Without entanglement or confusion. 5. Plainly ,
honestly ; candidly. 6. Without reserve, evasion or sub-
terfuge.
CLeAR'NESS, n 1. Freedom from foul or extraneous mat-
ter ; purity. 2. Freedom from obstruction or incumbrance.
3. Freedom from fogs or clouds ; openness. 4. Distinct-
ness ; perspicuity; luminousness. 5. Plainness, or plain
dealing ; sincerity ; honesty ; fairness ; candor. 6. Free-
dom from imputation of ill. 7. Freedom from sfjots, <ir
any thing that disfigures.
CLeAR'-SHIN-ING, a. Shining with brightness or unob- '
structed splendor.
CLeAR-SiGHT'ED, a. Seeing with clearness; havmg
acuteness of sight; discerning; perspicacious.
CLeAR'-SiGHT'ED-NESS, 71. Acute discernment.
CLeAR'-STaRCH, v. t. To stifiijn and clear with starch,'
and by clapping with the hands.
CLeAR'-STaRCH'ER, 11. One who clear-starches.
CLeAR'-STARCH'ING, ppr. 1. Stiffening and clearing
with staich. 2. 71. The act of stifiTening and clearing
with starch.
CLE AT, n. A piece of wood, used in a ship to fasten ropes
upon.
CLEAVAGE, n. 1. The act of cleaving or splitting. 2. In
raiveralogy, the manner of cleaving.
CLeAVE, v. i. ; pret. clave, or cleaved. [Sax. cleojiaii.] 1.
To stick ; to adhere ; to hold to. 2. To unite aptly ; to
fit ; to sit well on. 3. To unite or be united closely iu
iiiterest or affection ; to adhere with strong attachment.
CLeAVE, v. t. ; pret. cleft ; pp. cleft, or cleaved. The old
pret. clcve is obsolete ; clave is obsolescent. The old
participle cloven is obsolescent, or rather used as an ad-
jective. [Sax. cleofiav, or clifian.] 1. To part or divide
by force ; to split or rive ; to open or sever tJie cohering
parts of a body. 2. To part or open naturally.
CLeAVE, v. i. To part ; to open ; to crack ; to separate,
as parts of cohering bodies.
CLeAVED, pp. Split ; rived ; divided.
CLeAVE'LAND-iTE, 71. A mineral, called also siliceovs
felspar, or albite.
CLeAVER, n. One who cleaves; that which cleaves; a
butcher's instrument for cutting anim.al bodies into joints
oi^pieces.
CLEAVING, ppr. Sticking ; adhering ; uniting to. Also,
splitting ; dividing ; riving.
CLECHE, 7i. In heraldry, a kind of cross.
CLEDGE, n. Among miners, the upper stratum of fuller's
earth.
CLEF, 71. [Fr.cZf/.] A character in music.
CIjEFT, pp. of cleave. Divided ; split ; parted asunder.
CLEFT, n. 1. A space or opening made by splitting ; a
crack ; a crevice. 2. "A disease in horses ; a crack on the
bought of the pastern. 3. A piece made by splitting.
CLEP-T'-GRAFT, v. t. To ingraft by cleaving the stock,
and inserting a cion.
CLEG, 7i. The horse-ffy ; Dan. kltng.
fCLEM, V. i. [G. hlemmen.] To starve. B, Jonson.
CLEM'EN-CY, n. [L. dementia.] 1. Mildness ; softness.
2. Mildness of temper ; gentleness or lenity of disposition ;
disposition to treat with favor and kindness. 3. Mercy;
disposition to treat with lenity, to forgive or to spare, as
offenders ; tenderness in punishing ; opposed to severity,
harshness, or rigor.
CLEM'ENT, a. Mild in temper and disposition; gentle;
lenient; merciful; kind; tender; compassionate.
CLEM'EN-TINE, a. Pertaining to St. Clement, or to his
compilations ; or to the constitutions of Clement the Fifth.
CLEiM'ENT-LY, adv. With mildness of temper ; merciful-
ly. Taylor.
CLENCH. See Clinch.
fCLEPE, z). «. or i. [Sax. cZe;;a7i.] To call orname. S/iaft.
CLEP-SAM'MI-A, 71. [Gr. kXetttw and apiios.] An instru-
ment for measuring time by sand, like an hour-glass.
CLEP'SY-DRA, n. [L.] ]. A time-piece used by the
Greeks and Romans, which measured time by the dis-
charge of a certain quantity of water. 2. A chemical vessel.
t CLER'GI-CAL, a. Pertaining to the clergy. See Cler-
ical.
CLER'GY, 71. [Fr. clerge.] 1. The body of men set apart
to the service of God, in the Christian church ; the body
of ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity. 2. The priv-
ilege or benefit of clergy. Blackstone. — Benefit of clergy,
in English law, originally, the exemption of the persons
of clergymen, from criminal process, before a secular
judge.
CLER'GY-A-BLE, a. Entitled to or admitting the benefit of
clergy. Blackstone.
CLER'GY-MAN, 71. A man in holy orders ; a man licensed
to preach the gospel.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as feH ; TH as in «Aw t Obsolete
CLl
152
CLl
€LER le, n. A clerk or clergyman. Horsley.
€LERI€, a. Relating to the character of a clergyman.
€LER'I-eAL, a. [L. clcncus.] Relating or pertaining to
the clergy.
*€LERK, n. [Sax. cleric, clerc, clerc ; L. clericus.] 1. A
clergyman, or ecclesiastic 5 a man in holy orders. 2. A
man that can read. 3. A man of letters ; a scholar. Sid-
ney. 4. In modern usa^c, a writer ; one who is employed
in the use of the pen, in an office, public or private, for
keeping records and accounts. 5. A layman who is the
reader of responses in church service.
* eLERK'-ALE, n. In England, the feast of the parish
clerk.
* t €LERK'LESS, a. Ignorant ; uncivilized. Waterhouse.
*€LERK'LIKE, a. Like a clerk; learned. Shale.
*€LERK'LY, a. Scholarlike. Cranmcr.
* €LERK'LY, adv. In a learned manner. Gascoigne.
*€LERK'SHIP, n. 1. A state of being in holy orders. 2.
Scholarship. 3. The office or business of a clerk or writer.
Sicift.
€LER'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. K'Xr/poi and ixavreia.] A divin-
ation by throwing dice or little bones, and observing the
points or marks turned up
€LEVE, €HF, or €LIVE, in the composition of names, de-
note a place situated on or near a cliff, on the side of a hill,
rock or precipice ; as Cleveland, Clifton.
€LEV'ER, a. 1. Fit; suitable; convenient; proper; com-
modious. Pope. 2. Dextrous ; adroit; ready; that per-
forms with skill or address. Addison. 3. In JVeio Eng-
land, good-natured, possessing an agreeable mind or dis-
position.
CLEV'ER-LY, adw. Fitly ; dextrously ; handsomely.
€LEV'ER-NESS, n. I. Dexterity; adroitness; skill. 2.
In JVew) England, mildness or agreeableness of disposi-
tion ; obligingness ; good nature.
€LEV'Y, or €LEV'IS, 71. An iron bent to the form of an ox
bow, with the two ends perforated to re'^eive a pin, used
on the end of a cart-neap to hold the chain of the forward
horse or oxen ; or a draft-iron on a plow. Mew England.
€LEW, 71. [Sax. cleow, cliwc.^ 1. A ball of thread. 2.
The thread that forms a ball ; the thread that is used to
guide a person in a labyrinth. Hence, any thing that
guides or dhects one in an intricate case. 3. The lower
corner of a square-sail, and the aftermost corner of a stay-
sail.
€LEW, v.t. I. In seamanship, to truss up to the yard, by
means of clew-garnets or clew-lines, in order to furling.
2. To direct.
€LEW-GAR'NETS, n. In marine language, a sort of
tackle, or rope and pulley, fastened to the clews of the
main and fore-sails, to truss them up to the yard.
€LE W'-LINES, n. These are the same tackle, and used for
the like purpose as clew-garnets.
€LI€K, 7;.i. [D. klikhen.] To make a small, sharp noise,
or rather a succession of small, sharp sounds, as by a gentle
striking.
CLI€K, 71. In seamen's lang-aage, a small piece of iron
falling into a notched wheel, attached to the winches in
cutters, &c.
CLICK, 71. The latch of a door. [Local.']
CLICK'ER, n. The servantof a salesman, who stands at the
door to invite customers.
€LI€K'ET, 71. The knocker of a door.
€LI€K'ING, ppr. Making small sharp noises.
CLi'ENT, n. [Fr. client ; L. cliens.] 1. Among ihe Romans,
a citizen who put himself under the protection of a man
of distinction and influence, who, in respect to that rela-
tion, was called his patron. 2. One who applies to a law-
yer or counsellor for advice in a question of law, or
commits his cause to his management. 3. A depend-
ent.
€Ll'ENT-AL, a. Dependent. [Unusual.] Burke.
€Ll'ENT-ED, a. Supplied with clients. Carcw.
t €LI-EN-TkLE', n. The condition or office of a client.
Bj>. Hall.
eLl'ENT-SHIP, 71. The condition of a client; a state of
being under the protection of a patron.
CLIFF, 72. rSax. clif.] 1, A steep bank. 2. A high and
steep rock ; any precipice. [This word has been some-
times written clift.]
CLIFF, in music. See Clef.
CLIFF'Y, a. Having cliffs ; broken ; craggy.
CLIFT'ED, a. Broken.
CLIFT' Y, a The same as cliffy. Pennant.
CLI-MAC'TER, 71. [Gr. KXijjiaKTnp.] 1. A critical year in
human life. 2. A certain space of time. [J\rotused.]
*CLI-MAC'TER-IC, a. [Gr. KXipaKtripiKos.] Literally,
noting a scale, progression, or gradation ; approiiriately,
denoting a criticfil period of human life.
* CLI-MAC'TER-IC, n. A critical period in human life, or
a period in which some great change is supposed to take
place in the human constitution. 'I'he critical periods are
supposed by some persons to be the years produced by
multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9 , to
which others add the 81st year. The 63d year is called the
grand climacteric.
CLIM-AC-TER'I-CAL, n. The same as climacteric.
CLIM-A-TaRCH'IC, a [Gr. /cAi/tia and a^xv-l Presiding
over climates.
CLi'MATE, n. [Gr. xXi/xa.] 1. In geography, a part of
the surface of the earth, bounded by two circles parallel
to the equator, and of such a bieadth that the longest day
in the parallel, nearest the pole is haif an hour longer
than that nearest to the equator. 2. In a popular sense, a
tract of land, region, or country, differing from another
in the temperature of the air.
CLi'MATE, V. i. To dwell ; to reside in a particular region.
Shak. [Little used.]
CLI-MAl'IC, I a. Pertaining to a climate ; limited by
CLI-MAT'I-CAL, \ a climate. S. S. Smith.
t CLi'MA-TURE, n. A climate. Shak.
CLi'MAX', 71. [Gr. K\ipa^.] 1. Gradation ; ascent ; a figure
of rhetoric, in which a sentence rises, as it were, step by
step. 2. A sentence, or series of sentences, in which the
successive members or sentences rise in force, importance
or dignity, to the close of the sentence or series.
CLlMB, (clime) %. i. ; pret. and pp. climbed, or clomh, but
the latter is not elegant. [Sax. climan, or climban.] 1.
To creep up by little and little, or step by step ; to rise on
any fixed object, by seizing it with the hands, and lifting
the body, and by thrusting with tlie feet. 2. To mount or
ascend with labor and difficulty. 3. To rise or ascend
with a slow motion.
CLiMB, (clime) v. t. I. To ascend by means of the hands
and feet, implying labor, difficulty and slow progress.
2. To mount or ascend, with labor or a slow motion.
CLiMB'A-BLE, (cli'ma-bl) a. That maybe climbed.
CLIMBED, (climd) pp. Ascended by the use of the hands
and feet ; ascended with labor.
CLiMB'ER, (cli'-mer) n. 1. One who clunbs, mounts or
rises, by the hands and feet ; one who rises by labor or
effort. 2. A plant that creeps and rises on some support.
t CLiMB'ER, V. i. To climb ; to mount with effort.
CLiMB'ING, ppr. Ascending by the use of the hands and
feet ; ascending with difficulty.
CLiMB'ING, n. The act of ascending.
CLIME, 71. [L. clima.] A climate ; a tract or region of
the earth; a poetical word, but sometimes used in prose.
See Climate.
CLINCH, V. t. [D. klinken.] 1. To gripe with the hand ; to
make fast by bending over, folding, or embracing closely.
2. To fix or fasten ; to make firm.
CLINCH, V. i. To hold fast upon.
CLINCH, 71. 1. A word used in a double meaning ; a pun ,
an ambiguity ; a duplicity of meaning, with identity of
expression. 2. A witty, ingenious reply. 2. In seamen's
language, the part of a cable which is fastened to the
ring of an anchor.
CLINCHED, pp. Made fast by doubling or embracing close-
ly-
CLINCH'ER, 71. 1. That which clinches ; a cramp or piece
of iron bent down to fasten any thing. 2. One who makes
a smart reply. 3. That which makes fast.
CLINCH'ER-BUiLT, or CLINK'ER-BUiLT, a. Made of
clincher work.
CLINCH 'ER-W6RK, a. In ship building, the disposition of
the planks in the side of a boat or vessel, when the lower
edge of every plank overlays the next below it, like slates
on the roof of a house.
CLINCH'ING, ppr. Making fast by doubling over or em-
bracing closely ; griping with the fist.
CLING, V. i. ; pret. and pp. clung. [Sax. clingan.] 1. To
adhere closely ; to stick to ; to hold fast upon, especially
by winding round or embracing. 2. To adhere closely ;
to stick to. 3. To adhere closely and firmly, in interest
or affection.
t CLING, V. t. To dry up, or wither. Shak.
CLING'ING, p7)r. Adhering closely; sticking to; winding
round and holding to.
CLING 'Y, c. Apt to cling ; adhesive.
CLIN'IC, or CLIN'I-CAL, a. [Gr. K^iviKog.] In a general
sense, pertaining to a bed. A clinical lecture is a discourse
delivered at the bed side of the sick.
CLIN'IC, n. One confined to the bed by sickness.
CLIN'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a clinical manner ; by the bed-
side.
CLINK, V. t. [Sw. klinga.] To ring or jingle ; to make a
small, sharp sound, or a succession of such sounds.
CLINK, n. A sharp sound, made by the collision of small
sonorous bodies.
CLINK, V. i. To utter a small, sharp noise. Prior.
CLINK'ING, ppr. Making a small, sharp sound, or succes-
sion of sounds.
CLINK'STONE, 7i. [clink and stone] A mineral.
CLLNOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. kXivco and /utrf/ov.] An instru-
ment for measuring the dip of mineral strata.
*Sce Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tj, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— f Obsolete.
CJLO
153
CLO
CLINQ'UANT, (cKngk'ant) a. [Fr.] Dressed in tinsel fine-
ry. [JVot English.] Shak.
ULIP, V. t. [Sax. chjpan.] 1. To cut off with shears or
scissors J to separate by a sudden stroke. 9. To diminish
coin by paring tlie edge. 3. To curtail ; to cut short. 4.
To confine, limit, restrain, or hold ; to hug. [Little iised.]
S/iak.—To clip it, is a vulgar phrase in JVew England, for
lo run with speed.
«?LIP, V. i. A term in falconry. Dryden.
t)LIP, n. 1. A blow or stroke with the hand. JVew England.
2. An embrace ; that is, a throwing the arms round. Sid-
ney.
€LIJPPED, €LIPT, pp. Cut oflT; cut short; curtailed; di-
minished by paring.
€LIP'PER, 71. One who clip'5 ; especially one who cuts off
the edges of coin.
CLIPPING, ppr. Cutting off" or shortening with shears or
scissors ; diminishing coin by paring ofi" the edges ; cur-
tailing.
€LIP'PING, n. 1. The act of cutting off, curtailing or di-
minishing. 2. That which is clipped off; a piece separat-
ed by clipping.
€LISH'-€LASH, v.i. To sound like the clashing of swords.
€LIV ER. See Cleaver.
CLiy ERS, n. A plant, the galium aparine.
CLoAK. See Cloke.
€LoAK'ED-LY, adv. In a concealed manner.
t CLo'CHARD, n. A belfry. TVeever.
CLOCK, n. [Sax. clugga ; D. klok ; G. klocke ; Dan. klokke ;
Sw. klocka ; Fr. cloche ; W. cldc] 1. A machine which
measures time, and its divisions. The phrases, what
o'' clock is iti it is nine o'' clock, seem to be contracted
from what of the clock 1 itis nine of the clock. 2. A figure
or figured work in the ankle of a stocking.
CLOCK, V. t. To call. See Cluck.
CLOCK, V. i. To make a noise like the hen.
CLOCK'-MA-KER, n. An artificer whose occupation is to
t CLOCK'-SET-TER, n. One who regulates the clock.
CLOCK'- Work, n. I. The machinery and movements of
a clock. 2. Well adjusted work, with regular movement.
Prior.
CLOD, n. [D. kluit ; G. Mots.] 1. A hard lump of earth, of
any kind ; a mass of earth cohering. 2. A lump or mass
of metal; [little used.] 3. Turf; the ground. 4. That
which is earthy, base and vile, as the body of man com-
pared to his soul. 5. A dull, gross, stupid fellow ; a dolt.
6. Any thing concreted.
CLOD, V. i. To collect into concretions, or a thick mass ; to
coagulate. See Clot.
CLOD, V. t. To pelt with clods.
CLOD'DY, a. L. Consisting of clods ; abounding with clods.
2. Earthy ; mean ; gross.
CLOD'HOP-PER, n. A clown ; a dolt.
CLOIMPATE, n. A stupid fellow ; a dolt ; a thickskull.
CLOD'PA-TED, a. Stupid ; dull ; doltish.
CLOD'PoLL, n. A stupid fellow ; a dolt ; a blockhead.
Shak.
CLOFF, n. The same with dough.
CLOG, V. t. [W. cleg.] 1. To load or fill with something
that retards or hinders motion. 2. To put on any thing
that encumbers, with a view to hinder or restrain leap-
ing ; to shackle. 3. To load with any thing that encum-
bers ; to burden ; to embarrass. 4. To obstruct natural
motion, or render it difficult ; to hinder ; to impede.
CLOG, V. i. 1. To coalesce ; to unite and adhere in a clus-
ter or mass. 2. To form an accretion ; to be loaded or en-
cumbered with extraneous matter.
CLOG, n. 1. Any thing put upon an animal to hinder mo-
tion, or leaping, as a piece t)f wood fastened to his leg.
2. An encumbrance ; that which hinders motion, or ren-
ders it difficult ; hindrance ; impediment. 3. A wooden
shoe ; also, a sort of patten worn by ladies to keep their
feet dry in wet weather.
CLOGGED, pp. Wearing a clog ; shackled ; obstructed ;
loaded with encumbrance.
CLOG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being clogged.
CLOG'GING, ppr. Putting on a clog ; loading with encum-
brance ; obstructing ; impeding.
CLOG'GY, a. That clogs, or has power to clog ; thick ;
gross.
CLOIS'TER, n. [Fr. cloUre ; Sax. claustr.] 1. A monaste-
ry or nunnery ; a house inhabited by monks or nuns.
The principal part of a regular monastery, in which the
monks meet for conversation. 2. A peristyle ; a piazza.
CLOIS'TER, V. t. 1. To confine in a cloister or monastery.
2. To shut up ; to confine closely within walls ; to im-
mure ; to shut up in retirement from the world.
CLOIS'TER- AL, a. Confined to a cloister ; retired from the
world ; recluse. Walton.
CLOIS'TERED, pp. 1. Shut up in a cloister ; inhabiting a
monastery. 2. a. Solitary ; retired from the world. 3.
Built with peristyles or piazzas ; inclosed.
CLOIS'TER-ER, n. One belonging to the cloister-
CLOIS'TER-ING, ppr. Shutting up in a monastery ; confin-
ing ; secluding from the world.
CLOIS'TRESS, n. A nun ; a woman who has vowed reli-
gious retirement. [Little used.]
CLOKE, n. [Sax. lack.] 1. A loose outer garment worn
over other clothes both by men and women. 2. A cover ;
that which conceals ; a disguise or pretext ; an excuse ; a
fair pretense.
CLOKE, V. t. 1. To cover with a cloke. 2. To hide ; to
conceal ; to use a false covering.
CLoKE'-BAG, 71. A bag in which a cloke or other clothes
are carried ; a portmanteau.
CLoKED, pp. Covered with a cloke; concealed under a
cover.
CLoK'ING, ppr. Covering with a cloke ; hiding under an
external covering.
CLOMB, pret. of climb.
CLONG, old part, of cling.
CLON'IC, a. [Gr. k\ovos.] Shaking ; convulsive ; irregular.
Coxe.
CLOOM, V. t. [Sax. clcBw,an.] To close with glutinous mat-
ter. [Local.] Mortimer.
CLOSE, V. t. [Fr. clos.] 1. To shut ; to make fast, by
pressing together, or by stopping an open place, so as to
intercept a passage, in almost any manner. 2. To end ;
to finish ; to conclude ; to complete ; to bring to a period ;
as, to close a bargain, or contract. 3. To unite, as the
parts of a breach or fracture ; to make whole ; to consoli-
date. 4. To cover ; to inclose ; to encompass ; to over-
whelm. 5. To inclose ; to confine. [See Inclose.] 6. To
move or bring together ; to unite separate bodies or parts.
CLOSE, V. i. 1. To unite ; to coalesce ; to come together,
as, the parts of a wound or fracture, or parts separated
2. To end ; to terminate, or come to a period.
To close on or upon, to come to a mutual agreement ; to
agree on or join in.— T'o close with, to accede to ; to con-
sent or agree to ; to unite with. — To close vnth, or to close
in with, to unite ; to join closely ; to grapple, as persons
in a contest.
CLOSE, n. 1. An inclosed place ; any place surrounded by
a fence or other body which defends or confines it. 2. Con-
clusion ; termination ; final end. 3. A temporary finish-
ing ; a pause ; rest ; cessation ; intermission. 4. The
manner of shutting. 5. A grapple in wrestling.
CLOSE, a. 1. Shut fast ; tight ; made fast, so as to have no
opening. 2. Having parts firmly united ; compact ; dense ,
applied to solid substances of any kind. 3. Having parts
firmly adhering ; viscous ; tenacious. 4. Confined ; stag-
nant ; without ventilation or motion. 5. Confined ; re-
tired. 6. Hid ; private ; secret. 7. Confined within nar-
row limits ; narrow. 8. Near ; withiri a small distance.
9. Joined; in contact, or nearly so ; crowded. 10. Com-
pressed, as thoughts or words ; hence, brief; concise ; op-
posed to loose, or diffuse. II. Very near, in place or time ,
adjoining, or nearly so. 12. Having the quality of keep-
ing secrets, thoughts or designs ; cautious. 13. Having
an appearance of concealment ; implying art, craft or
wariness. 14. Intent ; fixed ; attentive; pressing upon
the object. 15. Full to the point; home; pressing. Jfi.
Pressing ; earnest ; warm. 17. Confined ; secluded from
communication. 18. Covetous; penurious; not liberal.
19. Applied to the weather or air, close, in popular lan-
guage, denotes warm and damp, cloudy or foggy, or
warm and relaxing, occasioning a sense of lassitude and
depression. 20. Strictly adhering to the original. — 21. In
heraldry, drawn in a coat of arms with the wings close,
and in a standing posture.
CLOSE, adv. Closely ; nearly ; densely ; secretly ; pressing-
ly. Milton.
CLoSE'-BAND-ED, a. Being in close order ; closely united.*
CLoSE'-BOD-IED, a. Fitting the body exactly; setting
close, as a garment.
CLoSE'-COM-PACT'ED, a. Being in compact order ; com-
pact. Addison.
CLoSE'-COUCHED, a. Quite concealed. Milton.
CLoSE'-CUR-TAINED, a. Inclosed or surrounded with
curtains.
€LoSE'-FIST-ED, a. Covetous ; niggardly. Berkeley.
CLoSE'-HAND-ED, a. Covetous ; penurious. Hale.
CLoSE'-HAND-ED-NESS, n. Covetousness.
CLoSE'-HAULED, a. In seamanship, having tlie tacks or
lower corners of the sails drawn close to the side to wind-
ward, and the sheets hauled close aft, in sailing near the
wind.
CLoSE'-PENT, a Shut close. I)7-7/<Ze7i.
CLoSE'-aUAR-TERS, n. Strong barriers of wood used in
a ship for defense when the ship is boarded.
CLoSE'-STOOL, 71. A chamber utensil for the convenience
of the sick and infirm.
CLoSE'-T6NGUED, a. Keeping silence ; cautious in
speaking. Shak.
CLOSED, pp. Shut ; made fast ; ended ; concluded.
CLoSE'LY, adv. 1. In a close, compact manner ; %vitli the
parts united, or pressed t6gether, so as to leave no vent.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this j Obsolete.
CLO
154
CLO
2. Nearly; with little space intervening. 3. Intently;
anentively ; with the mind or thoughts fixed ; with near
inspection. 4. Secretly; slily. 5. Wiih near affection,
attachment or interest ; intimately. 6. Strictly ; within
close limits ; without communication alwoad. 7. With
strict adherence to the original.
CLoSE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being shut, pressed to-
gether, or united. 2. Compactness ; solidity. 3. Narrow-
ness ; straitness. 4. Tightness in building, or in apart-
ments ; firmness of texture in cloth, &c. o. Want of ven-
tilation. 6 Confinement or retirement of a person ; re-
cluseneas ; solitude. 7 Reserve in Intercourse ; secrecy ;
privacy ; caution. 8. Covetousness ; penuriousness. Ad-
dison. 9. Connection ; near union ; intimacy, whether of
friendship or of interest. 10. Pressure ; urgency ; vari-
ously applied. 11. Adherence to an original.
€LoS'ER, n. A finisher ; one who concludes.
CLoS'ER, a. comp. of close. More close.
CLoS'EST, a, superl. o{ close. Most close.
CLOS'ET, n. 1. A small room Oi apartment for retirement ;
any room for privacy. 2. An apartment for curiosities cr
valuable things. 3. A small, close apartment or recess
in the side of a room for repositing utensils and furni-
ture
€LOS'ET, V. t. To shut up in a closet ; to conceal ; to take
into a private apartment for consultation.
€L.OS'ET-ED, pp. Shut up in a closet ; concealed.
CLOS'ET-IiVG, 2W- Shutting up in a private room ; con-
cealing.
€LOS'ET-SIN, 11. Sin committed in privacy.
CLOSH, 71. A disease in the feet of cattle, called also the
founder.
CLoS'ING, ppr. Shutting ; coalescing ; agreeing ; ending.
CLoS'ING, a. That ends or concludes ; as, a closing word
or letter.
CLoS'ING, n. End ; period ; conclusion.
€Lo?'URE, (clo'zhur) n. 1. The act of shutting ; a closing.
2. That which closes, or shuts ; that by which separate
parts are fastened, or made to adhere. 3. Inclosure ; that
which confines. 4. Conclusion. SJiak.
CLOT, 11. A doncretion, particularly of soft or fluid matter,
which concretes into a mass or lump.
CLOT, V. i. 1. To concrete ; to coagulate, as soft or fluid
matter into a thick, inspissated mass. 2. To form into
clots or clods ; to adhere.
CLOT'-BiRD, n. The common (Enay,the, or English ortolan.
€LOT'-BUR, n. [G. Jdette.] Burdock.
CLOTH, 71. [Sax. clath. The plural is regular, cloths ;
but when it signifies garments, it is written clothes.]
1. A manufacture or stufl", formed by weaving or inter-
texture of threads, and used for garments or other cover-
ing. 2. The covf^ring of a table ; usually called a table-
cloth. 3. The canvas on which pictures are drawn. 4.
A texture or covering put to a particular use. 5, Dress ;
raiment. [See Clothes.] 6. The covering of a bed ; [vioC
nsed.]
CLoTHE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. clothed, or clad. 1. To put on
garments ; to invest the body with raiment ; to cover with
dress. 2. To cover with something ornamental. 3. To
furnish with raiment ; to provide with clothes ; as, a
master is to feed and clothe his apprentice. 4. To put on ;
tn invest ; to cover, as with a garment. 5. To invest ; to
surround ; to encompass. 6. To invest ; to give to by
commission. 7. To cover or spread over.
CLOTHE, V. i. To wear clothes.
CLoTHED, pp. Covered with garments; dressed; invest-
ed I furnished with clothing.
*CLoTHES, (clot]ies,or cloze) n. plu. of cZotA. 1. Garments
for the human body ; dress ; vestments ; vesture ; a gen-
eral term for whatever covering is worn, or made to be
worn, for decency or comfort. 2. The covering of a bed ;
bed-clothes.
CLoTH'IER, (cloth'yer) n. 1. In English authors, a man who
makes cloths ; a maker of cloth. Johnson. — 2. In Jlmeri-
cn_, a man whose occipation is to full and dress c^oth.
CLoTJI'ING, ppr. Cov'ering with or putting on vestments
of any kind ; providing with garments ; investing ; cover-
irig.
CLoTH'ING, 71. 1. Garments in general; clothes; dress;
raiinent ; covering. 2. The art or practice of making
cloth ; [v.viijvM.']
CLOTH-SHeAR-ER, 71. One who shears cloth, and frees
it froni superfluous nap.
CLOTH -W6RK-ER, n. A maker of cloth.
CLQT'PoLL, n. A thickskuU ; a blockhead. See Clod-
poll.
CIjOT'TED, pp. Concreted into a mass ; inspissated ; adher-
ing in a lump.
CLOT'TER, v. i. To concrete or gather into lumps.
CLOT'TING, ppr. Concreting ; inspissating ; forming into
clots.
<;L0T'TY, a. Full of clots, or small, hard masses ; full of
concretions, or clods.
CLOUD 71. 1. A collection of visible vapor, or watery parti- (
cles, suspended in the. atmosphere, at some altitude. 2 A
state of obscurity or darkness. 3. A collection of smoke,
or a dense collection of dust, rising or floating in the air,
4. The dark or varied colors, in veins or spots, on stones
or other bodies, are called clouds. 5. A great multitude ,
a vast collection.
CLOUD, V. t. 1. To overspread with a cloud or clouds. 2.
To obscure ; to darken . 3. To darken in veins or spots ;
to variegate with colors. 4. To make of a gloomy aspect ;
to give the appearance of sullenness. 5. To sully ; to
tarnish.
CLOUD, V. i. To grow cloudy ; to become obscure with
clouds.
CLOUD'-AS-CEND'ING, a. Ascending to the clouds
CLOUD -BER-RY. n. A plant, called also knot-berry ; rubus
chammmorus,
CLOUD'-BORN, a. Born of a cloud. Dryden.
CLOUD'-CAPT, a. Capped with clouds; touching the
clouds ; lofty. Shak.
CLOUD'-COM-PEL'LER, n. He that collects clouds ; Jove.
CLOUD'-COM-PEL'LING, a. Collecting clouds ; or driving
clouds. Dryden.
CLOUD'-CoV-ERED, a. Enveloped with clouds.
€L0UC'-DIS-PEL'LING, a. Having power to disperse
clouds.
CLOUD'-E-CLIPSED, a. Eclipsed by a cloud. Shak.
CLOUD'ED, pp. Overcast ; overspread with clouds ; ob-
scured ; darkened ; rendered gloomy or sullen ; variegated
v/ith colored spots or veins.
CLOUD'I-LY, adv. With clouds ; darkly ; obscurely.
CLOUD'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being overcast with
clouds. 2. Obscurity ; gloom ; want of brightness. 3
Darkness of appearance ; variegation of colors in a fossil
or other body. 4. Appearance of gloom or sullenness.
CLOUD'ING, ppr. Overspreading with clouds ; obscuring ;
giving an appearance of gloom or sullenness.
CLOUL'-KISS-ING, a. Touching the clouds. Shak.
CLOUD'LESS, a. Being without a cloud ; unclouded ; clear ,
bright ; luminous.
CLOUD'-PIERC-ING, a. Penetrating or rising above the
clouds. Philips.
CLOUD'-TOPT, a. Having the top covered with a cloud.
Grail.
CL0UD'-T6UCH-ING, a. Touching the clouds.
CLOUD' Y, a. 1. Overcast with clouds ; obscured with
clouds. 2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds. 3. Obscure ;
dark ; not easily understood. 4. Having the appearance
of gloom ; indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or ill-
nature ; not open or cheerful. 5. Indicating gloom or sul-
lenness ; as, cloudy wrath. 6. Marked with veins or f.potg
of dark or various hues, as marble. 7. Not bright.
^CLoUGH, (cluf ) n. [Sax. dough.] A cleft in a hill.— In
commerce, an allowance of two pounds in every hundred
weight, for the turn of the scale, that the commodity may
iiold out in retailing.
CLOUT, 71. [Sax. cliLt.] 1. A patch ; a piece of cloth or
leather, &c., to close abroach. 2. A piece of cloth for
mean purposes. 3. A piece of white cloth, for arcliers to
shoot at. yJsTot now tised.] Shak. 4. An iron plate on an
axletree, to keep it from wearing. 5. [Fr. clou, clouter.]
A small nail. — 6. In vulgar language, a blow with the
hand. JVew England. Todd.
CLOUT, V. t. 1. To patch ; to mend by sewing on a piece
or patch. 2. To cover with a piece of cloth. 3. To join
clumsily. 4. To cover or arm with an ii-on plate. 5. To
strike ; to give a blow. — Clouted cream, in Gay, is evi-
dently a mistake for clotted cream.
CLOUT'ED, pp. Patched ; mended clumsily ; covered with
a clout.
CLOUT'ER-LY, a. Clumsy ; awkward. Mortimer.
CLOUT'ING, ppr. Patching ; covering with a clout.
t CLOVE, 2>''e''. of cleave. Spenser.
CLOVE, 77,. [D. kloof.] A cleft ; a fissure ; a gap ; a ravine
It is properly a Dutch word. Joum. of Science.
CLOVE, 71. [Sax. clufe.] 1. A very pungent, aromatic
spice, the flower of the clove-tree, caryophyllus. 2. [From
cleave.] The parts into which garlic s"eparates, when tlie
outer skin is removed. 3. A certain weight ; seven pounds
of wool ; eight pounds of cheese or butter.
€LoVE'-6IL-LY-FL0W-ER, n. A species of dianthus,
bearing a beautiful flower.
CLo'VEN, (cloivn) pp. of cleave. Divided; parted.
CLo'VEN-POOT-ED, ) a. Having the foot or hoof divided
CLo'VEN-HOOFED, \ into two parts, as the ox ; bisul-
cous=
CLo'VER, or CLo'VER-GRASS, 74. [Sax. clcBfer-tovrt.] A
genus of plants, called trifolium, trefoil, or three-leafed
Fr. trejle. — To live in clover, is to live luxuriously, or in
abundance.
€rLo'VERED, a. Covered with clover. Thomson.
CLOWN, n. [L. colonus.] A countryman ; a rustic ; Iience,
one who has the manners of a rustic ; a churl ; a man of
coarse manners ; an ill-bred man.
t CLOWN'AGE, 71. The manners of a clown.
See Synopsis. A, it, I, O, Vy "2, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;
■j- Obsolete,
CLU
155
COA
€LOWN'ER-Y, 'n. Ill-breeding j rustic behavior ; rudeness
of manners. [^Little used.']
€LOWN'ISH, a. 1. Containing clowns ; consisting of rus-
tics. 2. Coarse j hard ; rugged ; rough. 3. Of rough man-
ners ; ill-bred. 4. Clumsy ; awkward
€LOWN'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of clowns ; coarsely j
rudely.
€LOWN'ISH-NESS, n. The manners of a clown ; rustici-
ty ; coarseness or rudeness of behavior ; incivility j awk-
wardness.
CLOWN 'S-MUS'TARD, n. A plant.
CLOY, V. t. [Fr. clouer.] 1 . To fill ; to glut ; to satisfy, as
the appetite ; to satiate. 2. To spike up a gun ; to drive
a spike into the vent.— 3. In farriery, to prick a' horse in
shoeing.
CLOYED, pp. Filled j glutted ; filled to satiety and lothing ;
spiked ; pricked in shoeing,
CLOY ING, ppr. Filling 5 filling to satiety or disgust.
CLOY'LESS, a. That cannot cloy, or fill to satiety.
CLOY'MENT, n. Surfeit ; repletion beyond the demands
of appetite. [Liltleiised.] Shak.
CLUB, n. [W. clopa, clwpa.] 1. Properly, a stick or piece
of wood, with one end thicker and heavier than the other,
and no larger than can be wielded with the hand. ,2. A
thick, heavy stick, that may be managed with the hand,
and used for beating, or defense. 3. The name of one of
the suits of cards ; so named from its figure. 4. A collec-
tion or assembly of men ; usually, a select number of
friends met for social or literary purposes. 5. A collection
of expenses ; the expenses of a company. 6. Contribu-
tion ; joint charge.
CLUB, V. i. [W. clapiaw.] 1. To join, as a number of in-
dividuals, to the same end. 2. To pay an equal propor-
tion of a common reckoning or charge.
CLUB, V. t. 1. To unite difierent sums of expense in a
common sum or collection. — 2. In common parlance, to
raise or turn uppermost the britch or club of a musket.
CLUBBED, pp. 1. Collected into a sum and averaged, as
different expenses. 2. United to one end or effect. 3.
Shaped like a club. 4. Having the britch turned up-
wards, as a musket. 5. Heavy, like a club.
CLUB BER, or CLUB'BIST, n. One who belongs to a party,
club or association. Burke.
CLUB'BING, ppr. Joining in a club ; uniting to a common
end.
CLUB'-FIST, n. A large, heavy fist.
€LUB'-FIST-ED, a. Having a large fist. Hoinell.
CLUB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having short or crooked feet.
CLUB'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a thick head. Derham.
CLUB -LAW, n. Government by clubs, or violence ; the
use of arhis, or force, in place of law ; anarchy.
€LUB'-MAN, n. One who carries a club.
CLUB'-ROOM, n. The apartment in which a club meets.
€LUB'-RUSH, n. A genus of plants, the scirpus.
CLUB'-SHaPED, a. Shaped like a club ; growing thicker
towards the top ; clavated.
CLUCK, v.i. [Sax. cloccan.] To make the noise, or utter
the voice, of the domestic hen.
CLUCK, V. t. To call chickens by a particular sound. Shak.
CLUCK'ING,ppr. Uttering the voice of a sitting hen ; call-
ing chickens.
CLUE. See Clew.
CLUMP, 7?. [G. klump.] 1. A thick, short piece of wood,
or other solid substance ; a shapeless mass. 2. A cluster
of trees or shrubs ; formerly written plump. In some parts
of Encrland, it is an adjective, signifying lazy, unhandy.
CLUMP'ER, V. t. To form into clumps or masses. More.
CLUMPS, 71. A stupid fellow ; a numskull.
CLUM'31-LY, adv. In a clumsy manner ; awkwardly ; in
an unhandy manner ; without readiness, dexterity or
grace.
CLUM'SI-NESS, n. The quality of being short and thick,
and moving heavily ; awkwardness ; unhandiness 5 un-
gainliness.
CLUM'SY, a. 1. Properly, short and thick. 2. Moving
heavily, slowly or awkwardly. 3. Awkward ; ungainly ;
unhandy ; artless ; without readiness, dexterity or grace.
4. Ill-made ; badly constructed.
CLUNCH, n. Among miners, indurated clay, found in coal
pits next to the coal. Bailey.
CLUNG, prct. and pp. of dins, which see.
t CLUNG, w. i. To shrink. See Cling.
\ CLUNG, a. Wasted with leanness ; shrunk with cold.
CLu'NI-AC, n. One of a reformed order of Benedictine
monks, so called from Cluni, in Burgundy.
CLUS'TER, n. [Sax. cluster.] 1. A bunch ; a number of
things of the same kind growing or joined together ; a
knot. 2. A number of individuals or things collected or
gathered into a close body. 3. A number of things situ-
ated near each other.
CLUS'TER, V. i. 1. To grow in clusters ; to gather or
unite in a bunch, or bunches. 2. To form into flakes. 3.
To collect into flocks or crowds.
CLUS'TER, V. t. To collect into a bunch, or close body,
CLUS'TERED, pp. Collected into a cluster, or crowd
crowded.
CLUS'TER-GRAPE, n. A small black grape.
CLUS'TER-ING, ppr. Growing in a cluster, or in bunches ;
uniting in a bunch, or in a flock, crowd, or close body.
CLUS'TER-Y, a. Growing in clusters ; full of clusters.
CLUTCH, V. t. 1. To double in the fingers, and pinch or
compress them together ; to clinch. 2. To seize, clasp or
gripe with the hand. 3. To seize, or gra'ip.
CLUTCH, ?i. A griping or pinching with the fingers 5 seiz-
ure ; grasp.
CLUTCH'ES, plu. 1. The paws or talons of a rapacious
animal, as of a cat or dog. 2. The hands, in the sense
of instruments of rapacity or cruelty, or of power.
CLUT'TER, n. [W. cluder.] 1. A heap or assemblage of
things lying in confusion. 2. Noise ; bustle.
CLUT'TER, V. t. To crowd together in disorder ; to fill
with things in confusion.
CLUT'TER, V. i. To make a bustle, or fill with confu-
sion.
CLUT'TERED, pp. Encumbered with things in disorder.
CLUT'TER-lNG,pp-. Encumbering with things in confu-
sion.
*CLYS'TER, n. [Gr. KKvarri^.] An injection; a liquid
substance injected into the lower intestines.
CLYS'TER-lZE, v, i. To apply a clyster. Cotgrave.
CLYS'TER-PIPE, n. A tube or pipe used for iniections.
CLYS'TER-WISE, adv. In the manner of a clyster.
CO, a prefix, signifying v-ith, in conjunction. See Cow.
CO-A-CERV'ATE, v. t. [L. coacervo.] To heap up ; to pile
iLittleused.]
-A-CERV'ATE, a. [L. coacervatus.] Heaped ; raised
into a pile ; collected into a crowd. [Little used.]
CO-AC-EK-VA'TION, n. The act of heaping, or state of
being heaped together. {Little used.]
CoACH, n. [Fr. coche.] A close vehicle for commodious
traveling, borne on four wheels, and drawn by horses or
other annuals. It differs from a chariot in having seats in
front, as well as behind. — Hackney-coacJi , a coach kejit
for hire. — Mail-coach, a coach that carries the public nuiils.
— Stage-coach, a coach that regularly conveys passengers
from town to town. See Stage.
CoACUI, or COUCH, n. An apartment ^.n a large ship of war
near the stern, the roof of which is formed by the poop
Mar. Diet.
CoACH, v. t. To carry in a coach. Pope.
t CoACH, V. i. To ride in a coach. Waterhouse.
CoACH'-BOX, n. The seat on which the driver of a coach
sits. Arhiithnot.
CoACH'-HIRE, n. Money paid for the use of a hired
coach.
CoACH'-HORSE, n. A horse used in drawing coaches.
CoACH'-HOUSE, n. A house to shelter a coach lioni the
weather. S^icift.
CoAOH'-Ma-KER, n. A man whose occupation is to make
coaches. Sicift.
CoACH'FUL, n. A coach filled with persons. Jiddison.
CoACH'MAN, n. The person who drives a coach.
CoACH'MAN-SHIP, n. Skill in driving coaches.
t CO-ACT', V. i. To act together. Shak.
JCO-ACT'ED, pp. or a. Forced; compelled.
CO-ACTION, 7?. [L. ccactio.] Force ; compulsion, either
in restraining or impelling. South.
CO-ACT'lVE, a. 1. Forcing ; compulsory ; having the pow-
er to impel or restrain. Raleigh. 2. Acting in concur-
rence.
CO-ACT'IVE-IiY, adv. In a compulsory manner.
* CO-AD-Ju'aiENT, n. Mutual assistance.
* €0-AD-Ju'TANT, a. [L. co7i and adjutans.] Helping;
mutually assisting or operating.
CO-AD-Ju'TOR, 71. 1. One who aids another ; an assist-
ant ; a fellow-helper ; an associate in operation. — 2. In
the canon law, one who is empowered or appoin'ed to
perform the duties of another.
CO-AD-JU'TOR-SHIP, n. Joint aid.
CO-AD-JU'TRIX, 7). A female assistant. Smollett
* CO-AD-JtJ'VAN-CY, n. Joint help ; assistance ; concur-
rent aid ; co-operation. [Little used.]
CO-AD'U-NATE, a. [L. coadunatus.] In botany, ccidunatc
leaves are several united at the base.
CO-AD-U-Ni"TION, n. The union of different substances
in one mass. [Little used.] Hale.
CO-AD-VENT'UR-ER, n. A fellow adventurer.
CO-AF-FOR'EST, v. t. Tc convert ground into a fore^it.
C0-a'6ENT, n. An assistant or associate in an act. Beaum.
t CO-AG-MENT', V. t. [L. coagmento.] To congregate 01
heap together. Olanville.
CO-AG-MEN-Ta'TION, 71. Collection into a mass or united
body ; union ; conjunction. [Little Jised.]
CO-AG-MENT'ED, a. Congregated ; heaped together; uni-
ted in one mass. [Little used.]
CO-AG-U-LA-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being coagu-
lated.
CO-AG'U-LA-BLE, a. That may be concreted : capable of
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B JJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
COA
156
COB
congealing or changing from a liquid to an inspissated
state.
€0-AG'U-LATE, v. t. [L. coagulo.] To concrete ; to cur-
dle ; to congeal • to change from a fluid into a fixed sub-
stance, or solid mass.
eO-AG'U-LATE, v. i. To curdle or congeal ; to turn from
a fluid into a consistent state, or fixed substance; to
thicken.
€0-AG'U-LA-TED, pp. Concreted ; curdled.
eO-AG'U-LA-TING, ppr. Curdling ; congealing.
€0-AG-U-La'TION, n. The act of changing from a fluid to
a fixed state ; concretion ; the state of being coagulated ;
the body formed by coagulating.
€0-AG'U-LA-TiVE, a. That has the power to cause con-
cretion. Boyle.
€0-AG'U-LA-TOR, n. That which causes coagulation.
€0-AG'U-LUM, 71. Rennet ; curd ; the clot of blood, sepa-
rated by cold, acid, &c.
CO-A'I-TJ, 71. A species of monkey in South America.
eoAK. See Coke.
€oAL, 71. [Sax. col, or coll.] 1. A piece of wood, or other
combustible substance, ignited, burning, or charred. 2.
In tlie language of chemists, any substance containing oil,
which has been exposed to a fire in a close vessel, so that
its volatile matter is expelled, and it can sustain a red heat
without further decomposition. — 3. In mineralogy, a sol-
id, opaque, inflammable substance, found in the earth,
and, by way of distinction, cbWqA fossil coal.
CoAL, v.t. 1. To burn to coal, or charcoal ; to char. 2.
To mark or delineate with cliarcoal.
t^oAL'-BLA€K, a. Black as a coal ; very black.
€oAL'-BOX, 71. A box to carry coal to the fire. Swift.
€OAL'-FISH, n. A species of gadus, or cod.
€oAL'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed for keeping coal.
€oAL'-MINE, n. A mine or pit in which coal is dug.
€'oAL'-MiN'ER, n. One who works in a coal-mine.
€oAL'-MOUSE, n. A small species of tit-mouse, with a
black head.
€oAiy-PIT, n. A pit where coal is dug.— In America, a
place where charcoal is made.
€oAL'-SHIF, n. A ship employed in transporting coal.
CoAL'-STONE, n. A kind of cannel-coal.
€oAL'-W6RK, ?i. Accalery; a place where coal is dug,
including tlie machmery for raismg the coal.
€oAL'ER-Y, 71. A coal-mine, coal-pit, or place where coals
are dug.
€0-A-LESCE', (ko-a-less') v. i. [L. coalesce] I. To grow
together ; to unite, as separate bodies, or separate parts,
into one body. 2. I'o unite and adhere in one body or
mass, by spontaneous approximation or attraction. 3.
To unite in society, in a more general sense.
eO-A-LES'CENCE, n. The act of growing together ; the
act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction ; the state
of being united ; union ; concretion.
eO-A-LES'CENT, a. Joined ; united.
eO-A-LES'CING, ppr. Growing or coming together; unit-
ing in a body or mass ; uniting and adhering together.
eoAL'IER, or CoAE'LIER. See Collier.
t€0'A-LITE, t;. i. To unite or coalesce. Bolinghroke.
€0-A-Li"TION, 7(. 1. Union in a body or mass ; a coming
together, as of separate bodies or parts, and their union in
one body or mass. 2 Union of individual persons, par-
ties or states.
CO-Ali-LY', n. A joint ally ; a3, the subject of a co-ally.
Kent._
eoAL'5f, a. Like coal ; containing coal. Milton
eoAM'INGS, n In ships, the raised borders or edges of the
hatches.
€0-AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. To apprehend with another.
[Little used.l Brown.
eO-AP-TA'TIDN, 71. The adaptation or adjustment of parts
to each other. Boyle.
CO-aRCT', ; V. t. [L. coarcto.] l.,To press together;
€0-aR€'TATE, \ to crowd ; to straiten ; to confine close-
ly. 2. To restrain ; to confine.
€0-AR€-TA'Ti:ON, 7i. 1. Confinement ; restraint to a nar-
row space. 2. Pressure ; contraction. 3. Restraint of
liberty.
CoARSE, a. 1. Thick ; large or gross in bulk ; compara-
tively of large diameter. 2 Thick ; rough ; or made of
coarse thread or yarn 3. Not refined ; not separated
from grosser particles or impurities. 4. Rude ; rough ;
unrefined; uncivil. 5. Gross; not delicate. 6. Rude;
rough ; unpolished ; inelegant. 7. Not nicely expert ;
not accomplished by art or education. 8. Mean ; not
nice ; not refined or elegant.
CoARSE'LY, adv. Roughly ; without fineness or refine-
n.ent ; rudely ; inelegantly ; uncivilly ; meanly ; without
art or polish.
CoARSE'NESS, n. 1. Largeness of size ; thickness. 2.
The quality of bemg made of coarse thread or yarn ; whence
thickness and roughness. 3. Unrefined state ; the state
of being mixed with gross particles or impurities. 4.
Roughness ; grossness ; rudeness. 5. Grossness ; want of
refinement or delicacy ; want of polish. 6 Meanness
want of art in preparation ; want of nicety.
€0-AS-SES'SOR, n. A joint assessor.
€0-AS-SuME', V. t. To assume something fi^ith another
Walsall.
€oAST, n. [L. casta ; W. cost ; Fr. cote.] 1. The exteri-
or line, lunit or border of a country. 2. The edge or
margin of the land next to the sea ; the seasliore. 3. A
side. 4. The country near the sea-shore. — The coast is
clear is a proverbial phrase, signifying, the danger is over ;
the enemies have marched off", or left the coast.
€oAST, V i 1. To sail near a coast ; to sail by or near the
shore, or in sight of land. 2. To sail from port to port in
the same country.
Coast, v. t. l. To saU by or near to. 2. To draw near ;
to approach ; to follow ; [obs.]
CoAST'ED, pp. Sailed by.
CoAST'ER, 71. 1. One who sails near the shore. 2. A
vessel that ia employed in sailing along a coast, or is li-
censed to navigate or trade from port to port in the same
country.
CoAST'ING, ]yr. Sailing along or near a coast.
CoAST'ING-Pl'LOT, n. A pilot who conducts vessels along
a coast.
CoAST'ING-TRADE, n. The trade which is carried on be-
tween the different ports of the same country.
CoAST'ING-VES'SEL, n. A vessel employed in coasting ;
a coaster.
CoAT, 7(. [Fr. cotte.] 1. An upper garment. 2. A petti-
coat ; a gannent worn by infants or young chDdren. 3.
The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the or-
der or olfice. 4. External covering, as the fur or hair of
a beast. 5. A tunic of the eye ; a membrane that serves
as a cover ; a tegument. 6. The division or layer of a
bulbous root. 7. A cover ; a layer of any substance cov-
ering another. 8. That on which ensigns armorial are
portrayed, usually called a coat of arms. 9. A coat of
mail is a piece of armor, in form of a shut, consisting of h
net-work of iron rings. 10. A card ; a coat-card is one on
which a king, queen or knave is painted.
CoAT, v.t. 1. To cover or spread over with a layer of any
substance. 2. To cover with cloth or canvas.
CoAT'-AR-MOR, n. A coat of arms; armorial ensigns.
€oAT'-€ARD, n. [From the dress or coat in which the
king, queen and knave are represented-] A card ; called,
also, court-card. B. Jonson.
CoAT'ED, pp. 1. Covered with a coat ; loricated ; covered
or overspread with any thing that defends ; clothed with
a membrane. 2. Having concentric coats or layers.
COATI, 7^. An animal of South America, resembling the
racoon, but with a longer body and neck, shorter fur, and
smaller eyes.
CoAT'ING, ppr. Covering with a coat ; overspreading.
COATING, 71. 1. A covering, or the act of covering ; lorica-
tion ; any substance spread over for cover or defense. 2,
Cloth for coats ; as, merchants advertise an assortment of
coatings.
€oAX, (koks) V. t. [W. cocni.] To wheedle ; to flatter ; to
soothe, appease or persuade by flattery and fondling. [Ji
low word.]
fCoAX, n. A dupe. Beaumont and Fletcher.
fCOAX-A'TION, 71. The art of coaxing.
Coaxed, pp. soothed or persuaded by flattery.
CoAX'ER, n. A wheedler ; a flatterer.
COAX'ING, pjjr. Wheedlmg ; flattering.
COB, 71. [W. col), or cop.] 1. The top or head ; a covetous
wretch ; a foreign coin. 2. In America, the receptacle of
the maize, or American corn ; a shoot in form of a pin or
spike, on which grows the corn in rows. This recepta-
cle, with the corn, is called the car. 3. [It. gahbluno.]
A sea-fowl, the sea-cob. 4. A ball or pellet for feeding
fowls. 5. li\ some parts of En gland, diST^iAex. 6. Ahorse
not castrated ; a strong poney.
COB, V. t. In seanieji^s language, to punish by striking the
breech with a flat piece of wood, or with a board.
* Co'BALT, n. [D. cobalt.] A mineral of a reddish-gray or
grayish-white color. — Cobalt-bloom, acicular arseniate of
cobalt. — Cobalt-crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt.
CO-BALT'IC, a. Pertaining to cobalt, or consisting of it ;
resembling cobalt, or containing it.
COB'BLE,orCOB'BLE-STONE,7i. rEng. copple.] A round-
ish stone ; a pebble ; supposed to be a fragment, rounded
by tlie attrition of water. We give this name to stones
of various sizes, from that of a hen's egg, or smaller, to
that of large paving stones. These stones are called by
the English copple-stones, and bowlder-stones, or bowl-
ders.
COB'BLE, V. t. 1. To ro^ke or mend coarsely, as shoes ; to
botch. 2. To make or do clumsily or unhandily. Dry-
den.
COB'BLER, 71. 1. A mender of shoes. 2. A clumsy work
man. 3. A mean person.
COB'BLING, ppr. Mending coarsely.
t COB'BY, a. Stout ; brisk. Chaucer.
* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Y, long^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— PIN, MARINE, EiRT) ;
t Obsolete
coc
157
COE
€OB'€AL, n. A sandal worn by ladies in the East.
eOB'€oALS, n. Large round coals.
CO-BEL-LIG'ER-ENT, a. Carrying on war in conjunction
with another power.
eO-BEL-LlO'ER-ENT, n. A nation or state that carries
on war in connection with another.
€OB'I-RON, n. An andiron with a linob at the top.
€0-BISH OP, n. A joint or coadjutant bishop.
Co'BLE, w. [Sax. cuople.] A boat used in the herring fish-
ery.
eOB'LoAP, n. A loaf that is irregular, uneven or crusty.
eOB'NUTj n. A boy's play, or a hazel-nut ; the conquer-
ing nut.
€0-BOB'. See Cab OB.
€0-BOOSE' See Caboose.
eOB'STONE See Cobble.
eOB'SWAN, n. The head or leading swan.
eOB'WEB, n [cob, or koppe.] 1. The line, thread or fila-
ment which a spider spins from its abdomen ; the net-
work spread by a spider to catch its prey. 2. Any snare,
implying insidiousness and weakness. — In this sense it is
iLscd adjectivehj, or in composition, for thin, flimsy, slender,
feeble. Sioift.
eOB'WEBBED, a. 1. In botany, covered with a thick inter-
woven pubescence. 2. Covered with cobwebs.
€o'CA. See Cacoa and Cocoa.
CO'CA-LON, n. A large cocoon, of a weak texture.
€Oe-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. coccus and fero.] Bearing or pro-
ducing berries.
€0€'€0-LlTE, n. [Gr. kokkos andXidog.] A variety of au-
gite or pyroxene.
€Oe'€U-LUS IN'DI-€US. The fruit of the menispermum
cocciilus, a poisonous berry.
eOC'GYX, 71. [L.] In anatomy, a bone joined to the ex-
tremity of the OS sacrum.
* eOCH I-NEAL, n. [Sp. coclmiilla.] An insect, the coccus
cacti, of the genus coccus. These insects form a mass or
drug, which is the proper cochineal of the shops. It is
used in giving red colors, especially crimson and scarlet,
and for making carmine.
rOpS'l'F'A^/' I ^' L^-^- cochlea.] Having the form of a
eOCH LE-A-TED J screw ; spiral ; turbinated.
COeU'LITE, n. [Gr. Kox^iag.] A fossil shell.
COCK, n. [Sax. coc ,• Fr. coq.] 1. The male of birds, par-
ticularly of gallinaceous or dcimestic fowls. 2. A weath-
er-cock ; a vane in shape of a cock. 3. A spout ; an in-
strument to draw out or discharge liquor from a cask, vat
or pipe ; so named from its projection. 4. The projecting
corner of a hat. 5. A small conical pile of hay, so shaped
for shedding rain ; called in England a cop. (5. The style
or gnomon of a dial. 7. The needle of a balance. 8. The
piece which covers the balance in a clock or watch. 9.
[It. cocca.] The notch of an arrow. 10. The part of a
musket or other fire arm, to which a flint is attached, and
which, being impelled by a spring, strilvos fire. 11. A
small boat. [W. cicc ; It. cocca.] It is now called a cock-
boat. 12. A leader; a chief man. 13. Cock-crowing;
the time when cocks crow in the morning.— C'ocA; a hoop,
or cock on the hoop, a phrase denoting triumph ; triumph-
ant; exulting. — Cock and a bull, a phrase denoting te-
dious trifling stories.
eOCK, V. t. 1. To set erect ; to turn up. 2. To set the
brim of a hat so as to make sharp corners or points ; or to
set up with an air of pertness. 3. To make up hay in
Small conical piles. 4. To set or draw back the cock of a
gun, in order to fire.
eOCK, V. i. To hold up the head ; to strut ; to look big,
pert, or menacing. 2. To train or use fighting cocks ;
[little_used.] 3. To cocker ; [not in use.]
COCK-aDE', n. [Fr. cocarde.] A riband or knot of riband, or
something similar, worn on the hat, usually by officers of
the army or navy, sometimes by others.
COCK-aD'ED, a. Wearing a cockade. Young .
€;0€K'AL, n. A game called huckle-honc. Kinder.
€0€K-A-TOO', n. A bird of the parrot kind. Herbert.
COCK'A-TRICE, n. [Fr. cocatrix.] A serpent imagined to
proceed from a cock's egg.
GOCK-BILL. In scamen^s language, the anchor is a cock-
bill, when it is suspended perpe°ndicularly from the cat-
head, ready to be let go in a moment.
COCK -Boat, 71. A small boat. See Cock, JVo. 11.
COCK -BRAINED, a. Giddy; rash. Milton.
COCK'-BROTH, n. Broth made by boiling a cock.
eOCK'-CHAF-FER, n. The May-bug or dorr-beetle, a spe-
cies of scarabcBUS.
CoeK'-eRoW-ING, 71. 'The time at which cocks crow;
early n)orning»
eOCK'ER, V. t. [W. cocru.] To fondle ; to indulge : to
treat with tenderness ; to pamper.
eOCK'ER, 71. 1. One who follows cock-fighting. 2. A sort
of spatter-dash.
€0€K'ER-EL, n. A young cock. Dryden.
€0€KER-ING, n. Indulgence. Milton.
COCK'ET, a. Brisk; pert. Sherwood.
COCK'ET, n. A seal of the custom-house ; a royal seal ,
rather a scroll of parchment, sealed and delivered by the
oflicers of the custom-house to merchants, as a warrant
that their merchandise is entered. The ofiice of entry.
€OCK'ET-BRE AD, n. The finest sort of tvJieat bread.
€0€K'-FlGHT-ING ( "' -^ "^^^tch or contest of cocks.
eOCK'-HORSE, a. On horse back; triumphant; exult-
ing. .
€0€K'ING, n. Cock-fighting. Beaumont.
€0€?KLE, n. [Sax. coccol.] A plant or weed.
COCKLE, n. [Fr. coque, coquille.] 1. A small testaceous
shell ; or rather a genus of shells, the cardium. 2. A min-
eral. 3. A young cock ; [ohs ;] see Cockerel.
COCKLE, V. i. or t. To contract into wrinkles ; to shrink,
pucker, or wrinkle, as cloth.
COCKLED, pp. 1. Contracted into folds or wrinkles
winding. 2. Having shells.
COCK.LER, 7^. One that takes and sells cockles.
COCKLE-STAIRS, n. Winding or spiral stairs.
€0€K'-LOFT, 71. The top-loft ; tije upper room in a house
or other building ; a lumber room.
€0€K'-MAS-TER, n. One who breeds game cocks.
COCK'-MATCH, n. A match of cocks ; a cock-fight.
eOCK'NEY, n. [most probably from L. coquina, a kitchen,
or coquino, to cook.] 1. A native of Iflndon, by way of
contempt. 2. An effeminate, ignorant, despicable citizen.
€OCK'NEY-LlKE, a. Resembling the manners of a coc-k-
ney.
COCK'-PAD-DLE, n. The lump-fish or sea-owl. Encyc.
COCK'PIT 71. L A pit or area, where game cocks fight. —
2. In ships of war, a ^oom or apartment, in which the
wounded men are dressed.
COCK'RoACH, n. A genus of insects, the blatta.
COCKS'CoMB, n. 1. The caruncle or comb of a cock.
2. A plant. 3. A fop, or vain silly fellow. See Coxcomb.
GOCKS'HEAD, 71. A plant, the hedysarum or s-iivfoiii.
COCK'SHUT, 71. The. close of the day, when fowls go to
roost,
COCK'SPUR, 71. Virginia hawthorn, a species of medlar.
COCK'SURE. a. Confidently certain. [A low word.]
* COCK'SWAIN, n. [in familiar speech, contracted into
cozen.] An officer on board of a ship who has the care of
the boat and the boat's crew.
COCK'- WEED, 71. A plant, called also dittander and pepper-
wort.
Co'COA, (coco) 71. [Sp. coco.] A tree belonging to the
genus cocos, of the order of palmcB ,• and the fruit or nut
of the tree.
Co'COA-NUT, n. The nut or fruit of the cocoa-tree.
CO-COON', n. [Fr. eoco7«.J An oblong ball or case in which
the silk-worm involves itself.
COCTlLE, a. [L. coctilis.] Made by baking, or exposing
COCTIO'n, n. [L. coctio.] The act of boiling or exposing
to heat in liquor. — In medicine, that alteration in tlie crude
matter of a disease, which fits it for a discharge ; diges-
tion.
COD, or COD'FISH, n. A species of fish, of the genus
gadus, inhabiting northern seas.
COD, 71. [Sax. codd.] 1. Any husk, envelop or case, con-
taining the seeds of a plant ; a pod. 2. A bag ; the scro-
tum. 3. A pillow ; [not in use.]
t COD, V. i. To inclose in a cod. Mortimer.
COD'DED, a. Inclosed in a cod. Mortimer.
COD'DER, n. A gatherer of cods or peas. Johnson
COD'DY, a. Husky. Sherwood
CODE, n. [L. codex, or caudex ; Fr. code.] 1. A collection
of the laws and constitutions of the Roman emperors.
2. Any collection or digest of laws.
C0D'6ER, n. A rustic ; a clown ; a miserly man.
eOD'I-CIL, 71. [L. codicillvs.] A writing by way of sup-
plement to a will.
COD-I-CIL'LA-RY, a. Of the nature of a codicil.
CO-DILLE', (co-dill') n. [Fr. codille.] A term at ombre,
when the game is won.
COD'LE, or COD'DLE, (kod'dl) v. t. To parboil, or soften
by the heat of water.
t COD'LE, V t. To make much of.
COD'LING, or COI^LIN, n. An apple codled ; or one suit-
able for codling, or used for that purpose.
COD'LING, 71. A young cod.
CO-EF-'FI-CA-CY, n. Joint efficacy.
CO-EF-Fl"CIEN-CY, n. Cooperation ; joint power of two
or more things or causes, acting to the same end.
€0-EF-Fl"CIENT, a. Cooperating ; acting in union to the
same end.
eO-EF-FI"CIENT, n. 1. That which unites i«, action with
something else to produce the same effect. — 3. In algebra,
a number or known quantity put before letters, or quanti-
ties, known or unknown, and into which it is supposed
to be multiplied. — 3. In fluxions, the coefficient of any
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
COF
158
COG
generating term is the quantity which arises from the di-
vision of that terni by tlie generated (luantity.
€0-EF-FI"CIENT-LY, adv. By cooperation.
€0-ELD'ER, 71. An elder of the same ranlc. Trapp.
COS'LI-Ae, or CE'U-A€, a. [Gr. koiXiukos.] Pertaining
to the belly, or to the intestinal canal. — Cmliac artery is the
artery which issues from the aorta just below the dia-
phragm. — Cadiac passion, the lientery, a flux or diarrhea
of undigested food. — Cmliac vein, a vein of the intestinum
rectum.
eO-EMP'TION, 71. [L. coemptio.] The act of purchasing
the whole quantity of any commodity.
eO-EN-JOY', V. t. To enjoy together. Howell.
€C)-E'Q,UAL, a. [L. con and equalis.j Equal with another
person or thing ; of the same rank, dignity or power.
€U-K'(iUAL, 71. One who is equal to another.
€0-E-aUAL'I-TY, n. The state of being equal with an-
other ; equality in rank, dignity or power.
€0-E'aUAL-LY, adv. With joint equality.
€0-ERCE', (co-ers') v. t. [L. cuercco.] 1. To restrain by
force J to keep from acting, or transgressing ; to repress.
2. To compel ; to constrahi. Dmght.
€0-ER'eED, (co-ersf) pp. Restrained by force ; compelled.
€0-ER'CI-BLE, a. That may or ought to be restrained or
compelled.
eO-ER'CENG, ppr. Restraining by force; constraining.
€0-ER'CION, 71. Restraint, check, particularly by law or
authority ; compulsion ; force.
€0-ER'CIVE, a. 1. That has power to restrain, particularly
by moral force, as of law or authority. 2. Compulsory ;
constraining ; forcing.
€0-ER'CIVE-LY, adv. By constraint.
€0-ES-SEN'TlAL, a. Partaking of the same essence.
€0-ES-SEN-TIAL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same es-
sence.
€0-ES-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In a coessential manner.
€0-E-STAB'LISH-MENT, n. Joint establishment.
€0-E-Ta'NE OUS, a. [L. coataneus ; coetanean is rarely
used.] Of the same age with another ; beginning to exist
at the same time.
€0-E-TER]V)'AL, a. Equally eternal with another.
eO-E-TERN'AL-LY, adv. With equal eternity.
eO-E-TERN'I-TY, n. Existence from eternity equal with
another eternal being ; equal eternity.
€0-E'VAL, a. [L.cocBVus.] Of the same age ; beginning to
exist at the same time ; of equal age.
eO-E'VAL, 71. One of the same age ; one who begins to
exist at the same time.
€0-E'VOUS, a. The same as coeval, but not used.
€0-EX-E€'U-TOR, n. A joint executor.
€0-EX-IST', V. i. To exist at the same time with another.
eO-EX-IST'ENCE, n. Existence at the same time with an-
other.
€0-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing at the same time with an-
other.
€0-EX-TEND', v. i. To extend through the same space or
duration with another; to extend equally.
€0-EX-TEND'ED, pp. Being equally extended.
€0-EX-TEND'ING, ppr. Extending through the same space
or duration with another.
€0-EX-TEN'SION, n. The act of extending equally, or the
state of being equally extended. Hale.
€0-EX-TEWSIVE, a. Equally extensive; having equal
cxt6nt
€0-EX-TEN'SIVE-NESS, n. Equal extension or extent.
eOF'FEE, 71. [Fr. caffe ; It. cafe ,-, Sp. cafe.] 1. The berry
of a tree belonging to the genus coffea, growing in Arabia,
Persia, and in other warm climates of Asia and America.
2. A drink made from the berry of the cofFee-tree, by de-
coction.
€OFiFEE-€UP, n. A cup from which coffee is drank.
€0F'FEE-I]0USE, n. I. A house of entertainment, where
guests are supplied witli coffee and other refreshments.
2. A house of entertainment ; an inn ; which in some
cities is also an exchange.
€OF'FEE-MAN, n. One who keeps a coffee-house.
€OF'FEE-POT, n. A covered pot in which coffee is boiled,
or in which it is brought upon the table for drinking.
COFFER, 71. [Fr.cuffre.] 1. A chest or trunk. 2. A chest
of money ; a treasure.— 3. In architecture, a square de-
pression or sinking in each interval between the modil-
lions of the Corinthian cornice. — 4. In fortification, a hol-
low lodgment across a dry moat, from 6 to 7 feet deep, and
from 16 to 18 broad.
COF FER, v. t. To reposit or lay up in a coffer.
COF'FERED, pp. Laid up in a coffer.
eOP'FER-ER, 71. The cofferer of the king's household in
Great Britain was a principal officer of the court, next
under the controller.
COF'FIN, 71. [Fr. coffre.] 1 The chest or box in which a
dead human body is buried, or deposited in a vault. 2. A
jjiold of paste for a pie. 3. A paper case, in the form of a
cone, used by grocers. — 4. In farriery, the hollow part of
a horse's hoof; or the whole hoof above the coronet, in-
cluding the coffin-bone, which is a small spungy bone ia
the midst of the hoof.
COF'FIN, V. t. To put in or inclose in a coffin.
COF'FINEB^ pp. Inclosed in a coffm.
COF'FIN-Ma-KER, n. One who makes, or whose occupa-
tion is to make coffins.
CO-FOUND'ER, n. A joint founder. Weever.
COG. v.t. [W. coegiaw.] 1. To flatter; to wheedle; to
setiuce or draw from, by adulation or artifice. 2. To ob-
trude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception. — To cog a
die, to secure it so as to direct its fall ; to falsify ; to cheat
in playing dice.
COG, V. i. 1. To deceive ; to cheat ; to lie. Shak. 2. To
wJieedle.
COG, n. [W. cocos.] The tooth of a wheel, by which it
drives another wheel or body.
COG, V. t. To fix a cog ; to furnish with cogs.
COG'- WHEEL, 71. A wheel furnished with cogs, by whicli
it drives another wneel .
COG, or COG'GLE, n. A boat; a fishing boat.
CO'GEN-CY, n. [L. cogens.] Force ; strength ; power of
compelling ; literally, urgency, or driving.
t CO-Ge'NI-AL, for congenial. Warton.
CO'GENT, a. [See Cogency.] 1. Forcible, in a physical
sense. 2. Urgent ; pressing on the mind ; forcible ; pow-
erful ; not easily resisted.
Co'6ENT-LY, adv. With urgent force ; with powerful im-
pulse ; forcibly. Locke.
COGGED, pp. Flattered ; deceived ; cheated ; thrust in
deceitfully ; falsified ; furnished with cogs.
COG'GER, n. A flatterer, or deceiver.
COG'GER-Y, n. Trick ; falsehood. Watson.
COG'GING, ppr. Wheedling; deceiving; cheating; in-
serting deceitfully ; fixing cogs.
COG'GING, n. Cneat ; deception ; fallacy. Beaumont.
COG'GLE-STONE, n. A small pebble.
COG'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be thought on ; that may be
meditated on. Johnson.
GOG'I-TATE, V. i. [L. cogito.] To think ; to meditate
[Little used.]
COG-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of thinking ; thought ; med-
itation ; contemplation. 2. Thought diiected to an ob-
ject; purpose.
COG'I-TA-TIV^E, a. 1. Thinking; having the power of
thinking, or meditating. 2. Given to thought, or contem-
plation.
COG'NATE, a. [h.cognatus.j 1. Allied by blood; kindred
by birth. 2. Related in origm ; proceeding from the same
stock; of the same family. 3. Allied in the manner of
formation or utterance ; uttered by the same organs.
COG'JNATE, 71. In Scots law, any male relation through the
mother.
COG-Na'TION, n. [L. cognatio.] 1. In the civil law, kin-
dred or natural relation between males and females, both
descended from the same father ; as agnation is the rela-
tion between males only descended from the same stock.
2. Kindred ; relation by descent from the same original.
3. Relation ; participation of the same nature.
C0G-Ni"T10N, n. [L, cognitio.] Knowledge or certain
knowledge, as from personal view or experience.
COG NI-TlVEj a. Knowing, or apprehending by the un-
derstanding. [Little used.] South.
* COG'NI-ZA-RLE, or COGN'I-ZA-BLE, a. [Fr. connds-
sable.] 1. That falls under judicial notice ; that maybe
heard, tried and determined. 2. That falls or may fall
under notice or observation ; that may be known, per-
ceived or apprehended.
* COG'NI-ZANCE, or COGN'I-ZANCE, n. [Fr. connois-
sance.] 1. Judicial notice or knowledge ; the hearing, trying
and determining of a cause in court. 2. Jurisdiction, or
right to try and determine causes.— 3. In law, an acknowl-
edgment or confession. 4. Abadgeonthe sleeve of a water-
man or servant, by which he is known to belong to this or
that nobleman or gentleman. 5. Knowledge or notice ,
perception ; observation. 6. Knowledge by recollection.
* COG-NI-ZEE', or COGN-I-ZEE', n. One to whom a
fine is acknowledged, or the plaintiff in an action for the
assurance of land by fine.
* COG-NI-ZOR', or COGN-I-ZOR', n. One who acknowl-
edges the right of the cognizee, in a fine ; otherwise called
the defendant, or deforciant.
€OG-NOM'I-NAL, a. [L. cognomen.] 1 Pertaining to a
surname. 2. Having the same name. [Little used.]
t COG-NOM'I-NATE, v. t. To give a name. Coekeram.
COG-NOM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. cognomen.]. A surname,
the name of a family ; a name given from any accident or
quality ; as, Alexander the Great.
COG-NOS'CENCE, n. Knowledge ; the act or state of
knowing. Little used.]
COG-NOS'CENTE, n. [It. plu. cognoscenti.] One who is
well versed in any thing ; a connoisseur.
t eOG-NOS-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being cognos-
cible.
eOG-NOS'CI-BLE, a. That may be known. [L. u.] Hale
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, t!, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— 1; .Obsolete.
COI
159
COL
eOG-NOS'CI-'nVE, a. Having the power of knowing.
€OGUAR, w. A camivorous quadruped of America.
€0-GUARD'I-AN, n. A joint guardian. Kent.
€0-HAB'IT, V. i. 1. To dwell with ; to inhabit or reside
in company, or in the same place, or country. 2. To
dw^ell or live together as husband and wife j usually or
often applied to persons not legally married.
eO-HAB'I-TANT, n. One who dwells with anotlier, or in
the same place.
eO-HAB-I-TA'TION, n. 1. The act or state of dwelling
together or in the same place with another. 2. The state
of living together as man and wife, without being legally
married.
eO-HEIR', (ko-air') n. fL. cohasres.j A joint heir ; one
who succeeds to a share of an inheritance, which is to be
divided among two or more.
eO-HEIR'ESS, (ko-air'es) n. A female who inherits a share
of an estate, which is to be divided among two or more
heirs or heiresses ; a joint heiress.
CO-HeRE', v. i. [L. cohmreo.'] 1. To stick together ; to
cleave ; to be united ; to hold fast, as parts of the same
mass. 2. To be well connected ; to follow regularly in
the natural order ; to be suited in connection ; as the parts
of a jiiscourse. 3. To suit ; to be fitted ; to agree.
€0-He'RENCE, )n. 1. A sticking, cleaving or hanging
eO -He'REN-CY, \ together ; union of parts of the same
body, or a cleaving together of two bodies, by means of
attraction. Locke. 2. Connection ; suitable connection or
dependence, proceeding from the natural relation of parts
or thinjfs to each other, as in the parts of a discourse ;
consistency. Locke.
€0-He'RENT, a. 1. Sticking together ; cleaving ; as the
parts of bodies, solid or liuid. 2. Connected ; united, by
some relation in form or order. 3. Suitable, or suited ;
regularly adapted. 4. Consistent; having a due agree-
ineiit of parts.
€0-He'RENT-LY, adv. In a coherent manner; with due
connection or agreement of parts.
eO-HE-Sl-BIL'I-TY, n. The tendency of one part of mat-
ter to unite with another.
eO-HE'SI-BLE, a. Capable of cohesion.
eO-I-lE'SION, n. [It. coesione.1 1. The act of sticking to-
gether; the state of being united by natural attraction, as
the constituent particles of bodies which unite in a mass,
by a natural tendency ; one of the different species of at-
traction. 2. Connection ; dependence ; as the cohesion of
ideas. But in this sense, see Coherence.
CO-HE'SIVE, a. That has the power of sticking or cohe-
ring ; tending to unite in a mass, and to resist separation.
eO-HE'SIVE-LY, adv. With cohesion.
CO-He'SIVE-NESS, 71. The quality of being cohesive; the
quality of adhering together, as particles of matter.
t eO-HIB'IT, V. t. [L, coMbeo.l To restrain.
t €0-HI-Bl"TION, n. [L. cohibitio.] Hindrance ; restraint.
eo'HO-BATE, V. t. [Port. cohorar.'\ Among chemists, to
repeat the distillation of the same liquor, or that from the
Hame body, pouring the liquor back upon the matter re-
maining in the vessel.
eo'HO-BA-TED, pp. Repeatedly distilled.
€O'H0-BA-TING, ppr. Distilling repeatedly.
€0-I-IO-Ba'TION, n. [Sp. cohobacion.] The operation of
repeatedly distilling the same liquor, or that from the same
substance.
€0-HoES', or CO-HoZE', n. A fall of water, or falls ; a
word of Indian origin in America.
eO'IIORT, n. [L. cohors ; Fr. cohortc.'\ 1. Among the Ro-
mans, a body of about five or six hundred men. — 2. In
poetry, a band or body of waiTiors.
t €0-HOR-Ta'TION, n. Exhortation ; encouragement.
€OIF, n. [Fr. coiffe.^ A kind of caul, or cap, worn on the
head.
€OIF, V. t. To cover or dress with a coif.
eOIFED, a. Wearing a coif.
eOIF'FURE, n. [Fr.] A head-dress. Addison.
eOIGNE, for coin. See Coin, a corner.
COIGNE, or COIN'Y, v.i. To live by extortion. [An Irish
-word.] Bryskett.
€01L, V. t. [Fr. cueillir.'] To gather,. as a line or cord into
a circular form ; to wind into a ring, as a serpent, or a
rope.
€OIL, n. 1. A rope gathered into a ring. 2. A noise, tu-
mult, bustle ; [710* iised.'] Bailey.
COILED, pp. Gathered into a circular form, as a rope or a
serpent.
eOTLTNG, ppr. Gathering or winding into a ring or circle.
COIN, 71. [Fr. coiTi.] 1. A corner; a jutting point, as of a
wall. 2. A wedge for raising or lowering a piece of ord-
nance. 3. A wedge or piece of wood to lay between
casks on shipboard.
COIN, n. [Sp. cuna ; Fr. coin.} 1. Money stamped ; a piece of
metal, as gold, silver, copper, or other metal, converted into
money, by impressing on it marks, figures or characters. —
Current coin is coin legally stamped, and circulating in
\xSiAe.— Ancient coins are chiefly those of the Jews, Greeks
and Romans, wliich are kept in cabinets as curiosities.—
2. In architecture, a kind of die cut diagonally, after the
manner of a flight of a stair-case. 3. That which serves
for payment.
COIN, V. t.' 1. To stamp a metal, and convert it into
money ; to mint. 2. Tu make. 3. To make ; to forge ;
to fabricate. Dryden.
€0IN'A6E, or COIN'ING, n. ] . The act, art or practice
of stamping money. 2. Coin ; money coined ; stamped
and legitimated metal for a ciiculating medium. 3.
Coins of a particular stamp. 4. The charges or expense
of coining money. 5. A making ; new production ; form-
ation. 6. Invention ; forgery ; fabrication.
€0-IN-ClDE', V. i. [Low L. coincide.] 1. To fall or to met t
in the same point, as two lines, or bodies ; followed by
with. 2. To concur ; to be consistent with ; to ajf.ee.
€0-IN'CI-DENCE, n. 1. The falling or meeting of tv^^o or
more lines, surfaces or bodies in the same pouit. 2. Con-
currence ; consistency ; agreement. 3. A meeting of
events in time; concurrence; a happening at the saiiie
time,
€0-IN'Cl-DENT, a. 1, Falling on. the same point ; meeting
as lines, surfaces or bodies. 2. Concurrent ; consistent
agreeable to.
€0-iN-ClD'ER, 71. He or that which coincides or concurs.
CO-IN-ClD'ING, ppr. Meeting in the same point ; agreeing ;
concurring^
C0-IN-DI-€a'TI0N, 71. [L. con and indicatio.] In medicine,
a sign or symptom, which, with other signs, assists to
siiow the nature of the disease, and the proper remedy ; a
concurrent sign or symptom.
€OINFD, pp. Struck or stamped, as money ; made ; invent-
ed ; forged.
COIN'ER, n. 1. One who stamps coin ; a minter ; a mfiker
of money. 2. A counterfeiter of the legal coin ; a maker
of base money. 3. An inventor or maker, as of words.
COIN 'ING, ;*;?r. 'Stamping money; making; inventing;
forging ; fabricating.
t€0-IN'aUI-NATE, v. t. [L. coinquino.'] To pollute.
t€0-iN-aUI-NA'TI0N, n. Defilement.
€0IS'TRIL, n. I. A coward; a runaway. Shak. 2. A
young lad.
€OIT, 71. A quoit, which see.
COIT'ING. See auoix.
CO-l"TION, 71. [L. coitio.] A coming together ; chiefly the
venereal intercom-se of the sexes ; copulation.
CO-JOIN', w, i. [li. conjungo .] To join with another in the
same office, [Little used!] Shak.
CO-Ju'ROR, n. One who swears to another's credibilitj'.
COKE, 71. Fossil coal charred, or deprived of its bitumen,
sulphur, or other extraneous or volatile mjitter, by fire.
€oL'AN-DER, 71. [L. colo.] A vessel with a bott.;m perfo-
rated with little holes for straining liquors. In America,
this name is given, I believe, exclusively to a vessel of
tin, or other metal. In Great Britain, the name is given
to vessels, like sieves, made with Iiair, osiers or twigs
Dryden.
€0-La'TION, 71. The act of straining, or purifying liquor^
by passing it through a perforated vessel' [Little used.]
€OL'A-TURE, n. The act of straining; the matter strain.
[Little used.]
COL'BER-TINE, 71. A kind of lace worn by women.
€OL'€0-THAR, n. The brown-red oxyd of iron which re-
mains after the distillation of the acid from sulphate of
iron.
CoLD, a. [Sax, cald.\ 1. Not warm or hot ; gelid ; frigid ;
a relative term. 2. Having the sensation of cold ; chill ,
shivering, or inclined to shiver. 3. Having cold qualities
4. -Frigid ; wanting passion, zeal or ardor ; indifferent ,
unconcerned ; not animated, or easily excited into action.
5. Not moving; unaflecting ; not animated ; not able to
excite feeling ; spiritless, 6 Reserved ; coy ; not affec-
tionate, cordial or friendly ; indicating indifference.
7. Not heated by sensual desire. 8. Not hasty ; not vio
lent. 9. Not affecting the scent strongly. 10. Not having
the scent strongly affected. Shak.
€oLD, 71. [Sax. cele, cyl, cyle.] \. The sensation produced
in anim.al bodies by the escape of heat, and the conse-
quent contraction of the fine vessels. Also, the cause of
that sensation, 2, A shivering ; the effect of the contrac-
tion of tlie fine vessels of the body ; chilliness, or cliill-
ness. 3. A disease ; indisposition occasioned by cold
catan-h.
CoLD-BLoOD'ED, a. 1. Having cold blood. 2, Without
sensibility, or feeling,
€oLD'-FINCH, n. A species of motacill a, a bird.
€oLD'-HEART-ED, a. Wanting passion or feeling ; indif-
ferent.
€6LD'-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or sensi-
bility.
CoLD'LY, adv. In a cold manner ; without warmth ; with-
out concern ; without ardor or animation ; without inpa-
rent passion, emotion or feeling; with indifference i,."
negligence.
' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this j Obsolete
COL
IGO
COL
eoLD'NESS, «. 1. Want of heat. 2. Unconcern ; indif-
ference ; a frigid state of temper ; want of ardor, zeal,
emotion, animation, or spirit j negligence. 3. Want of
apparent affection, or kindness. 4. Coynesa : reserve ; in-
difference. 5. Want of sensual desire ; frigidity ; chastity.
eoLD'-S»10RT, a. Brittle when cold, as a metal.
€OLE, Ji. [Sax. caul, cawl, or cawel.] The general name of
all sorts of cabbage or brassica ; but we generally use it in
its compounds, cole-wort, cauliflower, &;c.
eOLE'-MOUSE. See Coal-mouse.
€OL'E-OP-TER, ) n. [Gr. KoXeos and Trrepov.] The cole-
€()L-E-OP'TE-RA, | opters, in Linne'^s system of ento-
mology, are an order of insects.
eOL-E-OP'TE-RAL, a. Having wings covered with a case
or sheath.
eoLE'-PERCH, 71. A smaU fish.
toLE'SEED, 71. 1. The seed of the navew, napus satlva.
2. Cabbage seed. Mortimer.
€oLE'-WoRT, 71. A particular species of cole, brassica, or
cabbage.
eOL'IC, 71. [L. colicus.] A severe pain in the bowels, of
which there are several varieties.
C'OL'IP i
cor 'I-f^AT ( °" ^^^'^^^^S the bowels. Milton.
COL'IN, n. A bird of the partridge kind.
'\€OLuli,v. t. To embrace. [See Collar.] Spenser.
COL-LAPSE', (kol-laps') v. i. [L. collapsas.'] To fall to-
gether, as the two sides of a vessel ; to close by falling
together.
eOL-LAPS'ED, (kol-lapsf) pp. Fallen together; closed.
eOL-L AP'SION, 71. A state of falling together ; a state of
vessels closed.
COL'LAR, n. [L- collare.l 1. Something worn round the
neck, as a ring of metal, or a chain. 2. The part of a gar-
ment which surrounds the neck. 3. A part of a harness
for the neck of a horse or other beast, used in draught. —
4. Among seamen, the upper part of a stay ; also, a rope
in form of a wreath, to which a stay is confined.— To slip
the collar, is to escape or get free ; to disentangle one's
self from diliiculty, labor, or engagement. — A collar of
brawn, is the quantity bound up in one parcel.
eOL'LAR, V. t. 1. To seize by the collar. 2. To put a col-
lar on.— To collar beef or other meat, is to roll it up and
bind it close with a string.
eOL'LAR-A6E, 71. A tax or fine, laid for the collars of
wine-drawing horses.
eOL'LAR-BONE, n. The clavicle.
eOL'LARED, pp. 1. Seized by the collar. 2. Having a col-
lar onthe neck.
€OL-LaTE', v.t. [L. collatum, collatus.] 1, To lay to-
gether and compare, by examining the points in which
two or more things of a similar kind agree or disagree.
2. To confer or bestow a benefice. 3. To bestow or con-
fer. Taylor.
€OL-LaTE', v. i. To place in a benefice, as by a bishop.
COL-La'TED, pp. Laid together and compared ; examined
by comparing; presented and instituted, as a clergyman,
to a benefice.
COL-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. collateralis.] 1. Being by the side,
side by sid«, on the side, or side to side. — 2. In genealogy,
descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not one
fromtheother ;asdistingui£nedfromZmeaZ.— 3. Collateral
security is security for the performance of covenants or the
payment of money, besides the principal security. 4. Run-
ning parallel. 5. Diffused on either side ; springing from
relations. 6. Not direct, or immediate. 7. Concurrent.
eOL-LAT'ER-AL, 7?. A collateral relation or kinsman.
eOL-LAT'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. Side by side ; or by the side.
2. Indirectly. 3. In collateral relation ; not in a direct
line ; not lineally.
COL-LAT'ER-AL-NESS, n. The state of being collateral.
eOL-LAT'ING,7)j?r. Comparing ; prosentingand instituting.
eOL-LA'TION, n. 1. The act of bringing or laying together,
and comparing ; a comparison of one copy or tiling of a
like kind with another. 2. The act of conferring or be-
stowing ; a gift. — 3. In the canon law, the jaresentation
of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his
own gift or patronage. — 4. In common law, the presenta-
tion of a copy to its original, and a comparison made by
examination, to ascercain its conformity. 5. In Scots law,
the right which an heir has of throwing the whole herita-
ble and movable estates of the deceased into one mass,
and sharing it equally with others who are of the same
degree of kindred. 6. A repast between full meals ; as a
cold collation. — Collation of seals denotes one seal set on
the same label, on the reverse of another.
COL-LA-TI"TIOUS, a. Done by the contribution of many.
Dict._
C(JL-La'TIVE, a. AdvoweciQs are presentative, collative
or donative. An advowsoa collative is whare the bishop
and patron are one and the same person.
GOL-La'TOR, n. 1. One who collates or compares manu-
scripts or copies of books. 2. One who collates to a bene-
fice.
€OL-LAUD', v.t. [L. eollaudo.] To unite in praising
i Little used.'] Howell.
L'LeAGUE, (kol'leeg) n. [L. collega ,• Fr. collegue.] A
partner or associate in the. same office, employment oi
commission, civil or ecclesiastical.
€0L-LkAGUE', (kol-leeg') v. t. or i. To unite with in the
same office.
€OL-LeAGU'ED, (kol-leegd') pp. United as an associate in
the same office.
COL'LeAGUE-SHIP, n. Partnership in office.
€0L-LE€T', v. t. [L. colligo, collectum.] 1. To gather, as
separate persons or things, into one body or place ; to as
semble or bring together. 2. To gain by observation or
information. 3. To gather from premises ; to infer as a
consequence. 4. To gather money or revenue from debt-
ors ; to demand and receive. 5. To gather, as crops ; to
reap, mow or pick, and secure In proper repositories
6. To draw together ; to bring into united action. 7. To
obtain from contribution. — To collect one's self, is to re-
cover from surprise, or a disconcerted state ; to gain com
mand over the thoughts, when dispersed ; over the pas
sions, when tumultuous ; or the mind, when dismayed.
€OL-LEeT', V. i. To run together ; to accumulate.
COL'LECT, n. 1. A short comprehensive prayer ; a prayer
adapted to a particular day or occasion. 2. A collection
or gatliering of money. [Little used.]
eOL-LE€-TA'NE-OUS, a. [L. tollectaneus.] Gathered;
collected.
GOL-LECT'ED, pp. 1. Gathered ; assembled ; congregated ;
drawn together. 2. a. Recovered from surprise or dis-
may ; not disconcerted ; cool ; firm ; prepared.
COL-LEGT'ED-LY, adv. In one view; together; in one
body.
€0L-LE€T'ED-NESS, n. A collected state of the mind ;
recovery from surprise.
COL-LECT'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be collected or gathered ;
that may be inferred. 2. That may be gathered or re-
covered ; as, the debts or taxes are or are not collectible.
COIj-IjEGTIING, ppr. Gathering; drawing together ; as-*
sembling.
€0L-LE€'TI0N, n. 1. The act of gathering, or assembling.
2. The body formed by gathering ; an assemblage, or as-
sembly ; a crowd. 3. A contribution ; a sum collected
for a charitable purpose. 4. A gathering, as of matter in
an abscess. 5. The act of deducing consequences ; rea-
soning ; inference. [Little used.j 6. A corollary ; a con-
sectary ; a deduction from premises ; consequence. 7. A
book compiled from other books, by the putting together
of parts ; a compilation.
f €OL-LE€-Tl"TIOUS, a. Gathered up.
eOL-LE€T'IVE, a. [L. collectivus.] 1. Formed by gather-
ing ; gathered into a mass, sum, or body ; congregated, or
aggregated. 2. Deducing consequences ; reasoning ; in-
ferring. — 3. In grammar, expressing a number or multi-
tude united.
€OL-LECT'IVE-LY, adv. In a mass, or body ; in a col-
lected state ; in the aggregate ; unitedly ; in a state of
combination.
€OL-LE€T'IVE-NESS, n. A state of union ; mass.
COL-LECT'OR, n. 1. One who collects or gathera things
which are scattered or separate. 2. A compiler ; one
who gathers and puts together parts of books, or scattered
pieces, in one book. — 3. In botany, one who gathers
plants, withi)ut studying botany as a science. 4. An
officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive
customs, duties, taxes or toll. 5. A bachelor of arts in
Oxford, who is appointed to superintend some scholastic
proceedings in Lent.
eOL-LECT'OR-SHIP, n. 1. The office of a collector of cus-
toms or taxes. 2. The jurisdiction of a coUectoi .
COL-LEG'A-TA-RY, n. In the civil laio, a person who has
a legacy left to him in common with one or more other
persons.
COL'LEGE, 71. [L. collegium.] 1. In a general sense, a col-
lection, assemblage or society of men, invested with cer-
tain powers and rights, performing certain duties, or
engaged in some common employment, or pursuit. — 2. Tn
a particular sense, an assembly for a pohtical or ecclesias-
tical purpose.— In Great Britain and the United States of
America, a society of physicians is called a college. fc?o
also there are coZZe^es of surgeons, &c. 3. An edifice ap-
propriated to the use of students, who are acquiring tlie
languages and sciences. 4. The society of persons en
gaged in the pursuits of literature, including tlie officers
and students. — 5. In foreign universities, a public lec-
ture.
€0L'LE6E-LIKE, n. Regulated after the manner of a
college.
eOL-LE'6I-AL, a. Relating to a college ; belonging to a
college ; having the properties of a college.
€0L-Le'6I-AN, 71. A member of a college, particularly of
a literary institution so called ; an inhabitant of a college
€OL-LE'Gl-ATE, a. 1. Pertaining to a college. 2. Con-
taining a college ; instituted after the manner of a college .
* See Synopsis, a, E, T, o, U, ^% long.—YKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;.— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
Mm'
COL
161
COL
3. A collegiate church is one that has no bishop's see,
but has the ancient retinue of a bishop, canons and preb-
ends._
COL-Le'6I-ATE, n. The member of a college.
€OL'LET, n. [Fr. collet.] 1. Among jewelers, the hori-
zontal face or plane at the bottom of brilliants ; or the part
of a ring in which the stone is set. — 2. In glass-making,
that part of glass vessels which sticks to the iron instru-
ment used in taking the substance from the melting-pot.
3. Anciently, a band or collar 4 A term used by turn-
ers.
t.OL-LET'I€, a. Having the property of gluing ; agglutin-
ant.
eOL-LET'I€, n. [Gr. AcoXXjjnKos.] An agglutinant.
eOL-LlDE', V. i. [L. collido.'] To strike or dash against each
other. Brown-
eOLL'IER, (kol'yer) n. 1. A digger of coal ; one who works
in a coal-mine. 2. A coal-merchant or dealer in coal . 3. A
coasting vessel employed in the coal trade.
eOLL'IER-Y, (kol'yer-y) n. 1. The place where coal is dug.
[Sec CoAL2RT.] 2. The coal trade.
eOL'LI-FLOW-ER. See Cauliflower.
eOL LI-GATE, V. t. [L. colligo.'] To tie or bind together.
€()L'LI-GA-TED, pp. Tied ot bound together.
eOL'LI-GA-TING, ppr. Binding together.
€()L-LI-Ga'TION, n. A binding together.
eOL-LI-MA'TION, n. [L. collimo.] The act of aiming at a
mark ; aim.
eOL-LIN-E-A'TION, n. [L. collineo.] The act of aiming,
or directing in a line to a fixed object.
t €!OL'LING, n. [L. collum.] An embrace; dalliance. Chau-
cer.
eOIi-Lia'UA-BLE, a. That may be liquefied, or melted ;
liable to melt.
COL-Lia UA-]\IENT, n. 1. The substance formed by melt-
ing ; that which is melted. 2. The fetal part of an egg.
3. The first rudiments of an embryo in generation.
€OL'LI-Q,UANT, a. That has the power of dissolving or
melting.
eOL'LI-aUATE, V. i. [L. colUqueo.] To melt ; to dissolve ;
to change from solid to fluid ; to become liquid.
eOL'LI-aUATE, V. t. To melt or dissolve.
eOL'LI-aUA-TED, pp. Melted ; dissolved ; turned from a
solid to a fluid substance.
eOL'LI-aUA-TING, ppr. Melting ; dissolving,
€OL-LI-aUA'TION, 71. 1. The act of melting. 2. A dis-
sdving, flowing or wasting.
€0]i-LIQ,'UA-TlVE, a. Melting; dissolving; appropriately,
indicating a morbid discharge of the animal fluids.
eOL-Lia-UE-FA€'TION, n. [L. colliquefacio.] A melting
together ; the reduction of different bodies into one mass
by fusion.
eOL-Li'SION, n. [L. collisio.] 1. The act of striking to-
gether ; a striking together of two hard bodies. 2. The
state ofbeing struck together ; a clashing. 3. Opposition;
interference. 4. A running against each other, as ships
at sea. Marshal.
eOL'LO-€ATE, v. t. [L. colloco.] To set or place ; to set ;
to station.
eOL'LO-€ATE, a. Set ; placed. Bacon.
eOL'LO-€A-TED, pp. Placed.
€OL'LO-€A-TING, ppr. Setting ; placing.
eOL-LO-€A'TION, ?i. [L. collocatio.] 1. A setting ; the
act of placing ; disposition in place. 2. The state of being
placed, or^ placed with something else.
eOI.-LO-€u'TION, n. [L. collocutio.] A speaking or con-
versing together ; conference ; mutual discourse.
eOL-LO-€u'TOR, n. One of the speakers in a dialogue.
r€OL-LoGUE', V t. To wheedle.
t€OL-LoGU'ING, 71. Flattery; deceit. Bm ton.
eOL'LOP, 71. 1. A small slice of meat ; a piece of flesh; a
thick piece or fleshy lump. 2. In burlesque, a child.
eOL-Lo'QUI-AL, a. Pertaining to common conversation,
or to mutual discourse.
eOL'LO-aUIST, n. A speaker in a dialogue.
eOL'LO-dUY, n, [L. colloquium.'] Conversation ; mutual
discourse of two or more ; conference ; dialogue.
eOL'LOW. SeeCoLLT.
eOL-LU€'TAN-CY, n. [L. colluctor.] A struggling to re-
sist ; a striving against ; resistance ; opposition of na-
ture.
eOL-LU€-T ACTION, n. A struggling to resist ; contest ;
resistance ; opposition ; contrariety.
eOL-LuDE', V. i. [L. colludo.) To play into the hand of
each other ; to conspire in a fraud ; to act in concert.
GOL-LuD'ER, 71. One who conspires in a fraud.
eOL-LtJD'ING, ppr. Conspiring with another in a fraud.
eOL-LuD'ING, 71. A trick ; collusion.
eOL-LtJ'SION, 71. [L. collusio.] 1. In iazc, a deceitful agree-
ment or compact between two or more persons, for the
one party to bring an action against the other, for some
evil purpose. 2. A secret agreement for a fraudulent
purpose.
€OL-Lu'SIVE, a. Fraudulently concerted between two oi
more.
€OL-Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. By collusion ; by secret agree
ment to defraud.
€OL-Lu'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of bemg collusive.
€OL-Lu'SO-RY, a. Carrying on a fraud by a secret con
cert ; containing collusion.
eOL'LY, or COL'IiOW, n. The black grime or soot of coal
or burnt wood.
COL'LY, V. t. To make foul ; to grime with the smut of coal
€OL'LY-RITE, n. [Gr. KoWvpiov.] A variety of clay, of a
white color.
€OL-LYR'I-UM, 7t. [L.] Eye-salve; eye-wash; a topical
remedy for disorders of the eyes.
COL'MAR, n. [Fr.] A sort of pear.
eOL'O-CYNTH, 71. [Gr. Ko'koKvvdis ] The coloquintida, or
bitter apple of the shops.
€0-LoGNE'-EARTII, n A kind of light bastard ochre, of
a deep brown color.
€0-IiOM'BO. n A root from Colombo in Ceylon.
CO'LOA^, 7(. [Gr. ko)\ov.] 1. In anatomy, the largest of the
intestines, or rather the largest division of the intestinal
canal. — 2. In grammar, a point or character formed thus
[ : ], used to mark a pause greater than that of a semico-
lon , but less than that of a period.
COL'ONEL, (kur'nel) n. [Fr. colonel.] The chief command
er of a regiment of troops.
€OL'ONEL-CY, (kur'nel-sy) ) n. The ofiice, rank or
COL'ONEL-SUIP, (kur'nel-ship) ] commission of a colo-
nel._Sv:ift. Washington.
€0-Lo'NI-/\L, a. Pertaining to a colony.
fCO-LOiVI-CAL, a. Relating to husbandmen. Spelman.
COL'0-NIST, n. An inhabitant of a colony.
€0L-0-x\'1-Za'TI0N, n. The act of colonizing, or state of
being colonized.
€OL'0-NiZE, V. t. 1. To plant or establish a colony in ; to
plant or settle a number of the subjects of a kingdom or
state in a remote country, for commercial or other pur
poses. 2. To migrate and settle in, as inhabitants.
COL'O-NlZED, pp. Settled or planted with a colony.
€OL'0-NTZ-ING, ppr. Planting with a colony.
€OE'0-NlZ-ING, 71. The act of establishing a colony.
COL-OA^-NaDE', 7J. [It. colonnata.] 1. In architecture, a
peristyle of a circular figure, or a series of columns, dis-
posed in a circle, and insulated within side. 2. Any series
or range of columns. A polystyle colonnade is a range of
columns too great to be taken in by the eye at a single
view.
€OL'0-NY, n. [L. colonia,] 1. A company or body of peo-
ple transplanted from their mother country to a remote
province or country to cultivate and inhabit it, and re-
maining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state. 2
The country planted or colonized ; a plantation ; also, the
body of inhabitants in a territory colonized, including the
descendants of the first planters. 3. A collection of ani-
mals.
€OL'0-PHON, 71. [fromacity of Ionia.] The conclusion of
a book, formerly containing the place or year, or both, of
its publication.
€OL'0-PHON-ITE, n. A variety of garnet.
*€0L'0-PH0-NY, n. In pharmacy, black resin or turpen-
tine boiled in water and dried.
COL-O-aUINT'I-DA, 7?. [Gr. koXokwOis.] The colocynth
or bitter apple.
€6L'OR, n. [1j. color ; li. colore ; Sp., Port, color; Fr
couleur.] 1. In physics, a property inherent in light,
which, by a difference in the rays and the laws of refrac-
tion, or some other cause, gives to bodies particular ap-
pearances to the eye. The principal colors are red, orange,
vellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. 2. Appearance
of a body to the eye, or a quality of sensation, caused by
the rays" of light; Jme ; dye. 3. A red color; the fresh-
ness or appearance of blood in the face. 4. Appearance
to the mind. 5. Superficial cover ; palliation ; that which
serves to give an appearance of right. 6. External ap-
pearance ; false show ; pretense ; guise. 7. Kind ; spe-
cies ; character ; complexion. 8. That which is used for
coloring ; paint ; as red lead, ochre, orpiment, cinnabar,
or vermilion, &c. 9. Colors, with a plural termination, in
the military art, a flag, ensign or standard, borne in an
army or fleet. [See Flag.] — 10. In law, color, in pleading,
is when the defendant in assize or trespass gives to the
plaintiff a color or appearance of title, by stating his title
specially ; thus removing the cause from the jury to the
court.— Water-colors are such as are used in painting with
gum-water or size, without being mixed with oil.
€oL'OR, V. t. 1. To change or alter the external appearance
of a body or substance ; to dye ; to tinge ; to paint ; to
stain. 2. To give a specious appearance ; to set in a fair
light ; to palliate ; to excuse. 3, To make plausible ; to
exaggerate in representation.— To color a stranger's goods^
is when a freeman allows a foreigner to enter goods at the
custom-house in his name, to avoid the alien's duty.
See Syno
MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;
'11
-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S ae Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Ohsolete
COM
162
COM
eOLtOR, V. i. To blush.
e6L'0R-A-BLE, a. Specious ; plausible 3 giviiig an appear-
ance of right or justice.
€oL'OR-A-BLY, adv. Speciously ; plausibly ; with a fair
external appearance. Bacon.
€oL'OR-ATJE, a. [Ij. coloratus.] Colored; dyed ; or tinged
witli some color. [Little used.]
eoL-OR-A'TION, ?i. [Ij.colctro.] The art or practice of col-
oring, or the state of being colored.
GoL'OR-A-TURE, 71. In music, all manner of variations,
trills, &c., intended to make a song agreeable.
€oL'ORED, pp. 1. Having the external appearance chang-
ed 5 dyed ; tinged ; painted or stained. 9. Streaked ; strip-
ed ; having a diversity of hues. 3. Having a specious ap-
l)ea.ra.nce.—Colared people, black people, Africans or their
descendants, mixed or unmixed.
eoL-OR-IF'ie, a. [color, and L. facio.] That has the
quality of tinging 3 able to give color or tint to other
bodies.
CoL'OR-ING, ppr. 1. Dyeing ; staining ; tinging. 2. Giv-
ing a fair external appearance ; palliating ; excusing.
€0L'0R-ING, n. 1. The act or art of dyeing ; the state of
being colored ; color. 2. A specious appearance ; fair ar-
tificial representation.— 3. Among painters, the manner of
applying colors ; or the mixture of liglit and shade, formed
bv the various colors employed.
eoL'OR-IST, n. One who colors ; a painter who excels in
giving the proper colors to his designs.
CoL'OR-LESS, a. Destitute of color _; not distinguished by
any hue ; transparent.
€0-LOS'SAL, I a. Like a colossus ; very large ; huge ;
eOL-OS-SE'AN, \ gigantic.
eO-LOS'SUS, 71. [L.] A statue of a gigantic size. The
most remarkable colossus of antiquity was one at Rhodes.
€0-LOS'SUS-WISE, adv. In the manner of a colossus.
GOL'STAFF, n. A staff for carrying burdens by two on
their shoulders. [Local.]
eoLT, 71. [Sax. colt.] 1. The young of the equine genus
of animals, or horse kind. — In Avierica, colt is equally ap-
plied to the male or female. The male is called a horse-
colt, and the female is called a. filly. 2. A young, foolish
fejlow ; a person without experience or stability.
t €oLT, V. i. To frisk, riot or frolick, like a colt ; to be li-
centious. Spenser.
t€oLT, V. t. To befool. Shak.
eoLT'S-FOOT, 71. A genus of plants, the tussila^o.
eOLT'S-TOOTH, 71. 1. An imperfect or superfluous tooth
in young horses. 2. A love of youthful pleasure 3 [little
used.]
eoL'TER, 71. [L. culter.] The fore iron of a plough, with a
sharp edge, that cuts the earth or scd.
€oLT'ISH, a. Like a colt ; wanton ; frisky ; gay.
eOL'U-BER, 71. [L.J In zoology, a genus of serpents.
eOL'U-BRINE, a. [L. colubrinus.] Relating to the coluber,
or to serpents ; cunning 3 crafty. [Little used.]
COL'UB'I-BA-Ry, 71. [L. columharium.] A dove-cot 3 a
pigeon-house.
eO-LUM'BATE, 71. A salt, or compound of columbic acid
with a base.
€0-LUM'EJ-AN, a. Pertaining to the United States, or to
America, discovered by Columbus.
€0-LUM'BI€, a. Pertaining to colunibium.
eOL-UM-BIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or containing colum-
bium.
eOL'UM-BINE, a. Like or pertaining to a pigeon or dove 3
of a dove-color, or like the neck of a dove.
€OL'UM-BINE, n. [L. columbina.] jiquilegia, a genus of
plants of several species.
eO-LUM'BITE, 71. The ore of columbium.
eO-LUM'BI-UM, 71. A metal first discovered in an ore or
oxyd found at New London, in Connecticut.
€0-LUM'BO. See Colombo.
€OL'U-MEL, 71. In botany, the central column in a capsule,
taking its rise from the" receptacle, and having the seeds
fixed to it all round.
eOL'UMN, (kol'Ium) n. [L. colur.ma, coluvien.] 1. In ar-
chitecture, a long, round body of wood or stone, used to
support or adorn a building, composed of a base, a shaft
and a capital. 2. An erect or elevated structure resezn-
oling a column in architecture. 3. Any body pressing
perpendicularly on its base, and of the same diameter as
its base. — 4. In the military art, a large body of troops
drawn up in order. — 5. Among printers, a division of a
page 3 a perpendicular set of lines separated from another
set by a line or blank space.
GO-LUM'NAR, a. Formed in columns ; having the form of
columns 3 like the shaft of a column.
€0-HJM'NAR-ISH, a. Somewhat resembling a column. [A
had word.]
eO-LuRE'', 71. ["Gr. KoXoupo?.] In astronomy and geogra-
phy, the colures are two great circles supposed to intersect
each other at right angles, in the poles of the world.
COM, in composition, as a prefix, Ir. comh, or coimh, W. cym,
or cyv, L. com, or cm?)i, denotes with, to or against.
Co MA, 7!. [Gr. Kuijxa.] Lethargy ; dozing ; a preternatural
propensity to sleep.
eo'MA, 71. [L.] 1. In botany, a species of bracte, ternunat-
ing the stem of a plant, in a tuft or bush. — 2. In astrono-
my, hairiness 3 the hairy appearance that suiTounds a
comet, when the earth or the spectator is betwecii tlie
comet and the sun.
jCo'MART, 71. A treaty 3 article 5 agreement. Shak.
eo'MATE, a. [L. comatus.] Hairy 5 encompassed with a
coma, or bushy appearance, like hair.
€o'-MaTE, n. A fellow mate, or companion. Shak.
€o'MA-TOSE, ) a. Preternaturally disposed to sleep
€o'MA-TOUS, \ drowsy 3 dozing, without natural sleep
lethargic.
t eoMB, 71. [Sax.] A valley between hills or mountains.
CoMB, (kome) n. [Sax. camb.] 1. An instrument, with
teeth, for separating, cleansing and adjusting hair, wool,
or flax 2. The crest, caruncle, or red fleshy tuft, grov/ing
on a cock's head. 3. Tlie substance in which bees lodge
their honey. 4. A dry measure of four bushels.
CoMB, (kome) v. t. To separate, disentangle, cleanse, and
adjust with a comb.
€oMB, V. i. In the language of seamen, to roll over, as the
top of a wave.
CoMB'-BiRD, 71. A gallinaceous fowl of Africa.
CoMB'-BRUSH, n. A brusli to clean combs.
€oMB'-Ma-KER, 71. One whose occupation is to make
combs.
*COM'BAT, V. i. [Fr. combattre.] 1. To fight 3 to struggle
or contend witli an opposing force. 2. To act in opposi-
tion.
*€Oai'BAT, V. t. 1. To fight with 3 to oppose by force, 2.
To contend against 3 to oppose 5 to resist.
* eOM'BAT, 71. 1. A fighting 3 a struggling to resist, over-
throw or conquer 3 contest by force 3 engagement 3 battle.
2. A duel 3 a fighting between two men 5 formerly, a
formal trial of a doubtful cause, or decision of a controver-
sy between two persons, by swords or batoons.
€OM-BAT'A-BLE, a. That may be disputed, or opposed
[Modern.]
* €OM'BAT-ANT, a. Contending 3 disposed to contend.
* COM'BAT-ANT, 71. 1. A person who combats 3 any per-
son who fights with another, or in an army, or fleet. 2. A
duelist 3 one who fights or contends in batile, for the de-
cision of a private quarrel or difference 3 a champion. 3. A
person who contends with another in argument, or con-
troversy.
* €OM'BAT-ED, pp. Opposed ; resisted. Locke.
* eOM'BAT-ER, 71. One who fights or contends.
* €OM'BAT-ING, ppr. Striving to resist 3 fighting 3 oppos-
ing by force or by argument.
CoMBED, pp. Separated, cleaned, Or dressed with a
comb.
CoMB'ER, n. One who combs 3 one whose occupation is to
comb wool, &c.
fCOM'BEE, 71. Incumbrance.
COM'BER, 71. A long, slender fish, with a red j.qck, found
in Cornwall, England.
€OM-BlK'A-BLE, a. Capable of combining.
teOM'Bl-NATE, a. Espoused 3 betrothed Shak.
€OM-BI-Na'TION, 71. [Fr. combinaison.] 1. Intimate
union, or association of two or more persons or things.
2. An assemblage 3 union of particulars. 3. Commixture :
union of bodies or qualities in a mass or compound. 4.
Chemical union ; union by afiinity. — 5. In mathematics,
the union of numbers or quantities in every possible man-
ner 3 or the variation or alteration of any number of quan-
tities, letters, sounds, or the like, in all the different man-
ners possible.
€OM-BlNE', V. t. [Fr. combiner ] 1. To unite or join two
or more things 3 to link closely together. 2. To agree 3 to
accord 3 to settle by compact ; [not usual.] 3. To joiri
words or ideas together 3 opposed t® analyze. 4. To cause
to unite ; to bring into union or confederacy.
COM-BiNE', V. i. I. To unite, agree or coalesce. 2. To
unite in frieiidship or design 5 to league together. 3. To
unite by affinity, or natural attraction. 4. To confederate 3
to unite as nations.
COM-BiN'ED, (kom-blnd') ;p;j. United closely 3 sssociated,
leagued 5 confederated 3 chemically united.
COM-BTN'ER, 7?.. The person or thing that combines.
CoMB'ING, ppr. Separating and adjusting hair, wool, &c.
CoMB'ING, 71. Borrowed hair combed over a bald part of
the head. [Local.]
COM-BiN'ING, ppr. Uniting closely 3 joining, in purpose 3
confederating 3 imiting by chemical afiinity.
CoMB'LESS, a. Without a comb or crest.
COM-BUST', a. [L. combusUis.] When a planet is in con-
junction with the sun, or apparently very near it, it is said
to be combust, or in combustion.
€0M-BUST'I-BLE, a. [Fr. combustible.] That will take
fire and burn ; capable of catching fire.
€0M-BUST'I-BLE, 71. A substance that will take fire and
burn.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, C, U, Y, long.—FA^, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY ;— PlW, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
COM
163
COM
eOM-BUST'I-BLE-NESS, or €0M-BUST-I-BIL'1-TY, w.
The quality of taking fire and burning.
eOM-BUS'TION, (kom-bus'chun) n. [Low L. combustio.]
1. The operation of fire on inflarainaljle substances. 2. A
burning ; the process or action of fire in consuming a body,
attended with heat, or heat and flame. 3. Conflagration ;
a great fire. 4. Tumult ; violent agitation, with hurry and
noise ; confusion ; uproar.
t€OM-BUS'TIVE, a. Disposed to take fire. Bp. Gaudcn.
€oME, (kum) v i. ; pret. came, part. come. [Sax. cuman. ] 1.
To move towards ; to advance nearer, from any distance.
Q. To draw nigh ; to approach ; to arrive ; to be present.
3. To advance and arrive at some state or condition ; as,
the ships came to action. 4. To happen or fall out; as,
how comes that ? 5. To advance or move into viaw ; to
appear. 6. To sprout, as plants ; to spnng. 7. To become.
8. To appear or be formed, as butter. 9. Come, in the im-
perative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion
or joint action ; come, let us go.
To come about, to happen ; to fall out ; to come to pass ; to
arrive. — To come about, to turn; to change; to come
round. — To come again, to return. — To come after, to fol-
low. Also, to come to obtain. — To come at, to reach ; to
arrive within reach of; to gain ; to come so near as to be
able to take or possess. — To come atoay, to depart from ;
to leave; to issue from. — To come back, to return. — To
come by, to pass near. Also, to obtain, gain, acquire. Dry-
den. — To come doion, to descend. Also, to be humbled or
abased. — To come for, to come to get or obtain ; to come
after. — To come forth, to issue or proceed from. Also, to
depart from; to leave. Also, to come abroad. — T'o come
from, to depart from ; to leave. — To come in, to enter, as
into an inclosure ; to comply ; to yield ; to arrive at a port,
or place of rendezvous ; to become fashionable ; to be
brought into use ; to enter as an ingredient or part of a
composition ; to grow and produce ; to come to maturity
and yield. — To come in for, to arrive in time to take a
share. — To come into, to join with ; to bring help ; to
agree to ; to comply with. — To come near, to approacii. —
To come nigh is used in like senses. — To come no near, in
seamanship, is an order to the helmsman not to steer so
close to the wind. — To come of, to issue from ; to proceed
from, as a descendant.— T'o come off, to depart from ; to
remove from on. Bacon. To escape; to get free. — To
come off from, to leave ; to quit. — To come on, toadvance ;
to proceed ; to fall on ; to happen to. — To come over, to
pass above or across, or from one side to another ; to pass
from one party, side or army, to another ; to change sides.
— To come out, to depart or proceed from ; to become pub-
lic ; to escape from concealment or privacy ; to be discov-
ered.— T'o come out of, to issue forth, as from confine-
ment, or a close place ; to proceed or depart from. — T'o
come out with, to give publicity to ; to disclose. — T'o come
short, to fail ; not to accomplish. — To come to, to consent
or yield ; to amount to ; to recover, as from a swoon. — T'o
come together, to meet or assemble. — T'o come to pass, to
be ; to happen ; to fall cut; to be eftected. — To come up,
to ascend ; to rise ; to spring ; to come into use. — To come
up the capstern, in seamanship, is to turn it the contrary
way, so as to slacken the rope about it. — To come up the
tackle fall, is to slacken it gently. — T'o come up to, to ap-
proach near; to amount to; toadvance to; to rise to. —
To come up with, to overtake. — T'o come upon, to fall on ;
to attack or invade. — To come, in futurity; to happen
hereafter. — Come, come, the repetition of come, expresses
haste, or exhortation to hasten. Sometimes it introduces
a threat.
tC6ME, n. A sprout. Mortimer.
e6ME_[-0FF, 71. Means of escape ; evasion ; excuse.
€0-Me'DI-AN, 71. 1. An actor or player in comedy ; or a
player in general, male or female. 2. A writer of comedy.
eOM'E-DY, ?i. [L. comcadia.'] A dramatic composition in-
tended to represent human characters, which are to be
imitated in language, dress and manner, by actors on a
stage, for the amusement of spectators.
eoME'LI-LY, (kum'le-iy) adv. In a suitable or decent man-
ner. [Little used.^^ Sherwood.
eoME'LI-NESR, (kum'le-nes) n. That which is becoming,
fit or suitable, in form or manner.
€oME'LY, (kum'ly) a. 1. Properly, becoming ; suitable :
whence, handsome ; graceful. 2. Decent ; suitable ; prop-
er ; becoming ; suited to time, place, circumstances or per-
sons.
eoME'LY, (kum'ly) aav. Handsomely ; gracefully.
eoM'ER, 71. One that comes ; one who approaches ; one
who has arrived and is present.
eOM-ES-SA'TION, n. [L. comessatio .} Feasting or revel-
in?:.
t €0-MES'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Eatable. Wotton,
€OM'ET, n. [L. cometa.'] An opaque, spherical, solid body,
like a planet, but accompanied with a train of light, per-
forming revolutions about the sun, in an elliptical orbit,
having the sun in one of its foci.
eOM'ET, n. A game at cards. Southerne.
€OM-ET-A'Rr-UM, ) n. A machine exhibiting an idea of
€OM'ET-A-RY, ) the revolution of a comet round the
sun.
€0]M'ET-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a comet. Ckeyne.
€0-MET'I€, a. Relating to a comet.
€OM'ET-LlKE, a. Resembling a comet. Shak.
€OM-ET-OG'RA-PHY, n. [comet, and Gr. ypacpd).] A de-
scription or treatise of comets.
€0M'FIT, or €6M'FI-TURE, n [D. konfyt ; Fr. confit,
confiture.'] A dry sweet-meat ; any kind of fruit or root
preserved with sugar and dried
€oM FIT. v.t. To preserve dry with sugar.
€6M'FIT-Ma- KER, n. One who makes or prepares ccmiits.
€6M'F0RT, V t. [Low L. conforto.'] 1. To strengthen ; to
invigorate ; to cheer or enliven. 2. To strengthen the
mind when depressed or enfeebled ; to console ; to give
new vigor to the spirits ; to cheer, or relieve from depres-
sion, or trouble. — 3. In law, to relieve, assist or encourage,
as the accessory to a crime after the fact.
€oM'F0RT, n. 1. Relief from pain ; ease ; rest or moderate
pleasure after pain, cold, or distress, or uneasiness of body.
2. Relief from distress of mind ; the ease and quiet which
is experienced when pain, trouble, agitation or aftiiction
ceases ; consolation. 3. Support ; consolation under ca-
lamity, distress or danger. 4. That which gives strength
or support in distress, difficulty, danger, or infirmity. —
5. In la7D, support ; assistance ; countenance ; encourage-
ment. 6. That which gives security from want, and fur-
nisjies moderate enjoyment.
€oM'FORT-A-BLE, a. 1. Being in a state of ease, or mod-
erate enjoyment, as a person after sickness or pain. This
is the most common use of the word in the United States.
2. Admitting comfort ; that may afford comfort. 3. Giv-
ing comfort ; affording consolation. 4. Placing above
want, and aflbrding moderate enjoyment.
€6M'F0RT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of enjoying comfort.
€6M'F0RT-A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to give comfort
or consolation. 2. With comfort, or cheerfulness ; with-
out despair.
€6M'F0RT-BI),pp. Strengthened; consoled; encouraged.
€oM'FORT-ER, n. l.One who administers comfort or con-
solation ; one who strengthens and supports the mind in
distress or danger. 2. The title of the Holy Spirit, whose
oflice it is to comfort and support the Christian.
t€6M'F0RT-FI]L, a. Full of comfort.
€6M'F0RT-ING, jW' Giving strength or spirits ; giving
ease ; cheering ; encouraging ; consoling.
€6M'F0RT-LESS, a. Without comfort.
€6M'FORT-RESS, n. A female that affords comfort.
€6F'FRY ' I "• ^ genus of plants, the Symphytum.
€0?»I'I€!, 0. [Ij. c amicus. ] 1. Relating to comedy, as disthict
from tragedy. 2. Raising mirth ; fitted to excite merri-
ment.
€0M'I-€AL, a. 1. Relating to comedy ; comic. 2. Exciting
mirth ; diverting ; sportive ; droll.
€OM'I-€AL-L Yjarfy. 1. In a manner befitting comedy. 2.
In a comical manner ; in a manner to raise mirth.
COM'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being comical ; the
power or quality of raising mirth.
€6M'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing nearer, or nigh; approaching;
moving towards ; advancing. 2. a. Future ; yet to come,
3. Forward ; ready to come.
CoM'ING, 71. 1. The act of coming; approach. 2. The
state of being come ; arrival.
€0-MIN'GLE. See Commingle.
€oM'ING-IN, ?!. 1. Entrance. 2. Beginning ; commence
ment. 3. Income ; revenue ; [not noio used.] 4. Com-
pliance ; submission ; [tio* in use.]
€0-Mi"TIAL, a. [L. comitia.} 1. Relating to the comitia or
popular assemblies of the Romans, for electing officers and
passing laws. 2. Relating to an order of Presbyterian
assemblies.
COM'I-TY, n. [L. comitas.] Mildness and suavity of man-
ners ; courtesy ; civility ; good breeding.
COM'MA, n. [Gr. KoiAjxa.] 1. In icriting and printing, this
point [ , ] denoting the shortest pause in reading. — 2. In
music, an enharmonic interval, being the eighth part of a
tone, or the difference between a major and a minor semi-
tone. 3. Distinction.
COM-MAND', V. t. [Fr. commander; con, or com , s.m\ L.
mando.] 1. To bid; to order; to direct; to charge; im-
plying authority, and power to control, and to requiie
obedience. 2. To govern, lead or direct ; to have or to
exercise supreme authority over. 3. To have in power ;
to be able to exercise power or authority over. 4. To over-
look, or have in the power of the eye, without obstruction
5. To direct ; to send. 6. To have or to exercise a con-
trolling influence over.
€OM-MAND', V. i. To have or to exercise supreme authori-
ty ; to possess the chief power ; to govern.
€OM-MAND', 71, 1. The right or power of governing with
chief or exclusive authority ; supreme power ; control
* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this, t Obsolete
COM
164
COM
2. The power of controlling; governing Influence ; 8vvay.
3 Cogent or absolute authority. 4. The act of command-
ing ; the mandate uttered ; order given. 5. The power
of overlooking, or surveying, without obstruction. 6. The
power of governing or controlling by force, or of defend-
ing and protecting. 7. That which is coimnanded ; con-
trol. Marshall.
€OM-MaND'A-BLE, a. That may be commanded.
eOM-MAN-DANT', n. [Fr.] A commander; a command-
ing officer of a place or of a body of forces.
€OM-MAND'A-TO-RY, a. Having tlie force of a command.
eOM-MAND'ED, pp. Ordered; directed; governed; con-
trolled,
€0M-MAN1)'ER, n. 1. A chief; one who has supreme
authority ; a leader ; the chief officer of an army, or of
any division of it. 2. One on whom is bestowed a bene-
fice or command ry. 3. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet,
used in paving, &c. 4. An instrument of surgery.
eOM-MAND'ER-Y, ) n. [Fr. commanderie.] A kindofbene-
eOM-MAND'RY, ) hce or fixed revenue, belonging to
a military order, conferred on knights of merit.
eOM-MAND'ING, ppr. 1. Bidding ; ordering; directing
with authority ; governing ; bearing rule ; exercising su-
preme authority ; having in power ; overlooking without
obstruction. 2. a. Controlling by influence, authority, or
dignity.
C'0:M-MANU'IN(x-LY, adv. In a commanding manner.
COM-MAND'MENT, n. 1. A command; a mandate; an
order or injunction given by authority ; charge ; precept.
2. By way of eminence, a precept of the decalogue, or
moral law, written on tables of stone, at Mount Sinai.
3. Authority ; coercive power.
eOM-MAND'RESS, n. A woman invested with supreme
authority.
eOM'MARK_j n. [Fr. comarque.] The frontier of a country.
COM-MA-Te'RI-AL, a. Consisting of the same matter with
another thing. Bacon.
€0M-MA-TE-RI-AL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same
matter.
eOM'MA-TISM, 71. Briefness ; conciseness in writing. Bp.
Horsley.
eOM-MEAS'U-RA-BLE, (kom-mezh'iur-a-bl.) a. Reduci-
ble to the same measure. But commensurable is generally
used.
60M'ME-LINE, n. A genus of herbaceous plants, comme-
lliia.
eOM-MEM'0-RA-BLE, a. Memorable ; worthy to be re-
membered, or noticed with honor. See Memorable.
eOM-MEM'O-RAlE, v. t. [L. commemoro.] To call to
remembrance by a solemn act ; to celebrate with honor
and solemnity.
€0M-MEM'0-RA-TED, pp. Called to remembrance by some
act of solemnity.
€OM-MEM'0-RA-TING, ppr. Celebrating with honor by
some solemn act.
eOM-MEM-0-RA'TION, n. The act of calling to remem-
brance by seme solemnity ; the act of honoring the
memory of some person or event by solemn celebration.
eOM-M£M'0-RA-TiVE, a. Tending to preserve the re-
membrance of something.
€OM-MEM'0-RA-TO-RY, a. Serving to preserve the mem-
ory of.
eOM-MENCE', (kom-mens') v. i. [Fr. commencer.] 1. To
begin to take rise or origin ; to have first existence. 2. To
begin; to be, as in a cliange of character. 3. To take a
degree or the fijst degree in a university or college.
COM-MENCE', V. t. 1. To begin; to enter upon; to per-
form the first uct. 2. To begin ; to originate ; to bring.
eOM-MEN'CEI3, (kom-mensf) pp. Begun ; originated.
€OM-MENCE'MENT, n. 1. Beginning ; rise ; origin ; first
existence. 2. The time when students in colleges com-
mence bachelors ; a day in which degrees are publicly
conferred on students who have finished a collegiate edu-
cation. In Cambridge, {Eng.) the day when masters of
arts and doctors complete their degrees.
DOM-MEN'CING, ppr. Beginning ; enteri
entering on ; originat-
eOM-MEMJ', V. t. [L. commendo.] 1 To represent as
worthy of notice, regard, or kindness ; to speak in favor
of; to recommend. 2. To commit ; to intrust or give in
charge 3. To praise; tn mention v/ith approbation.
4. To make acceptable or more acceptable. 5. To pro-
duce or present to favorable notice. 6. To send or bear
I,;).
tCOM-iMEND', 71. Commendation. Shak.
» COM MEND'A-BLE, a. [Formerly accented improperly
on the first syllable.] That may be cnmmende J or praised ;
worthy of approbation or praise ; laudable.
* COM -MEND' A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being commenda-
ble.
* COM MEND'A-BLY, adv Laudably ; in a praise-worthy
manner.
eOM-MEND'AM, n. In ecclesiastical law, in England, a
benefice or living commended, by the king or head of the
church, to the care of a clerk, to hold till a proper pastor
is provided. Blackstone.
€OM-MENC'A-TA-RY, n. [Fr. commendataire.] One who
holds a living in commendam.
eOM-MEND-A'TION, n. [L. commendatio.] 1. The act of
commending ; praise ; favorable representation in words ;
declaration of esteem. 2. Ground of esteem, approbation
or praise ; that which presents a person or thing to ano-
ther in a fav^orable light, and renders worthy of regard, or
acceptance. 3. Service; respects; message of love.
COM-MEND'A-TOR, n. He who holds a benefice in com-
mendam usually with a bishopric.
€OM-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. 1. Which serves to commend ;
presenting to favorable notice or reception ; containmg
praise. 2. Holding a benefice in commendam.
COM-MEND'A-TO-RY, n. A commendation . eulogy.
COM-MEND'ED, pp. Praised ; represented favorably ; com-
mitted in charge.
COM-MEND'ER, n One who commends or praises.
€OM-MEND'ING, ppr. Praising; representing favorably;
committing, or delivering in charge.
fCOM-MENS'AL, n. [L. con and mensa.] One that eats at
the same table. Chaucer.
€OM-MEN-SAL'I-TY, n. [Sp. commensalia.] Fellowship at
table ; the act or practice of eating at the same table.
[Little used.] Brown. Qillies.
tCOM-MEN-SA'TION, n. Eating at the same table.
COM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, \ n. [Fr. commensurabilite.]
€0?rI-MEN'SU-RA-BLE-NESS, \ The capacity of being
compared with another in measure, or of heing measured
by another, or of having a common measure.
eOM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That have a common
measure ; reducible to a common measure.
€OM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. [It. commensurare.] 1. Reducible
to one and the same common measure 2. Equal ; pro-
portional ; having equal measure or extent.
€OM-MEN'SU-RATE, v. t. To reduce to a common meas-
ure.
€OM-MEN'SU-RATE-LY, adv. 1. With the capacity of
measuring or being measured by some othei- thing. 2. With
equal measure or extent.
€OM-MEN-SU-Ra'TION, n. Proportion, or proportion in
measure ; a state of having a common measure.
* COM'MENT, V. i. [L. comme7itor.] 1. To write notes on the
works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning,
or to explain particular passages ; to explain ; to expound ;
to annotate. 2. To make verbal remarks, or observations.
* COM'MENT, V. t. 1. To explain. 2. To feign ; to devise ;
[obs.]
COM'MENT, n. 1. A note, intended to illustrate a writing,
or a difficult passage in an author ; annotation ; explana-
tion ; exposition. 2. That which explains or illustrates
3. Remark ; observation.
COM'MEN-TA-RY, n. 1. A comment ; exposition; expla-
nation ; illustration of difficult and obscure passages in an
author. 2. A book of comments or annotations. 3. A
historical narrative ; a memoir of particular transactions.
COM'MEN-TA-RY, v. t. To write notes upon. [L. u.]
COM'MEN-TATE, v. i. To annotate ; to write notes upon.
Pursuits of Lit.
COM'MEN-TA-TOR, n. One who comments; one who
writes annotations ; an expositor ; an annotator.
eOM'MENT-ER, n, 1. One that writes comments; an an-
notator. 2. One who makes remarks.
€OM'MENT-ING, ppr. Making notes or comments on some-
thing said or written.
eOM-MEN-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. commentitius.] Invented;
feigned ; imaginary.
CO]M'MERCE, n. [Fr. commerce.] I. In a general sense, an
interchange or mutual change of goods, wares, produc-
tions, or property of any kind, between nations or indi-
viduals, either by barter, or by purchase and sale ; trade ;
traffick. 2. Intercourse between individuals. 3. Famil-
iar intercourse between the sexes. 4. Interchange ; re-
ciprocal communications.
COM'MERCE, V. i. 1. To traffick ; to carry on trade. 2. To
hold intercourse with.
t COM-MER'CER, n. One who trafficks or holds intercourse
with another.
eOM-MER'CIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to commerce or trade
2. Carrying on commerce. 3. Proceeding from trade.
COM-MER'CIAL-LY, adv. In a commercial view.
COM'MI-GRATE, t).- j. \li. commigro.] To migrate togeth-
er ; to move in a body from one country or place to another
for permanent residence. [Littleused.]
€OM-MI-GRa'TION, 71. The- moving of a body of people
from one country or place to another with a view to per-
manent residence.
COM-MI-Na'TION, n. [L. comminatio.] 1. A threat or
threatening ; a denunciation of punislunent or vengeance,
2. The recital of God's threatenings on stated days ; an
office in the liturgy of the church of England.
€0M-MIN'A-T0-RY, a. Threatening ; denouncing punish-
ment.
* See Synopsis. A, K, T, 6, tJ, Y, long.—F AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
COM
165
COM
COM-MIN'GLE, v. t. To mix together j to mingle in one [
mass, or intimately ; to blend.
€OM-MIN'GLE, v. i. To mix or unite togetIi«r, as different
substances. Bacon.
t€OM-MlN'U-ATE, v. t. To grind.
€OM-MIN'U-I-BLE, a. Reducible to powder.
€OM'MI-NUTE, v.t. [L. comminuo.] To make small or
fine ; to reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder ;
to pulverize ; to triturate ; to levigate^
€OM'MI-NU-TED, yp. Reduced to fine particles ; pulver-
ized ; triturated.
€OM'MI-NU-TING, ppr. Reducing to fine particles ; pul-
verizing ;_levigatmg
€OM-MINu'TION, n. 1 The act of reducing to a fine pow-
der or to small particles ; pulverization. 2. Attenuation.
eOM-MlS'ER-A-BLE, a. Deserving of commiseration or
pity ; pitiable j that may excite sympathy or sorrow.
[Little used.']
eOM-MlS'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. comviiseror.] 1. To pity ; to
compassionate ; to feel sorrow, pain or i-egret fir another
in distress. 2. To regret: to pity ; to be sorry for.
eOM-MIS'ER-A-TED,pi;. Pitied.
eOM-MIS'ER-A-TlNG, ppr. Pitying ; compassionating ;
feelhig sorrovv for.
eOM-MIS-ER-A'TION, ?i. Pity ; compassion ; a sympathetic
suffering of pain or sorrow for the wants, alilictions or dis-
tresses of another.
t€OM-M[S'ER-A-TIVE, a. Compassionate.
eOM-MIS'ER-A-T!VE-L\^, adv. From compassion.
€OM-MIS'ER-A-TOR, ii. One who pities.
eOM-MIS-SA'RI-AL, a, i'ertainiag to a coinmissary. S/;i.ol-
lett uses commissorial ; but this is not authorized.
€0M-M1S-Sa'RI-ATE, ?(. [Sp. coniisariato.] The office
or employm.ent of a commissary ; or tiie vvliole body of
otiicers in the commissary's department
eOM'MIS-SA-RY, TO. [FT.conimissaire.] I. A Commissioner;
one to whom is committed some charge, duty or ofhce. —
2. In ecclesiastical law, an officer of the bishop, who ex-
ercises spiritual jurisdiction in places of the diocese. —
3. In a mUitary sense, an officer who has the charge of
furnishing provisions, clothing, &c., for an army. 4. An
officer who musters the army, receives and inspects it^
muster-rolls, and keeps an account of its strength.
eOM-MIS-SA'RI-AT, n. The commissary department.
€0M'MIS-SA-RY-SHIP, k. The office of a commissary.
eOM-MIS'SION, 71. [Fr. commission. 1. The act of commit-
ting, doing, performing or perpetrating. 2. The act of com-
mitting or sending to ; the act of intrusting, as a cliarge or
duty. 3. The thing committed, intrusted or delivered ;
letters patent, or any writing from proper authority, given
to a person as his warrant for exercising certain "pcv/ers,
ortheperforraanceof any duty. 4. Charge; order; man-
dale ; authority given. — 5 By a victonymy, a number of
persons joined in an office or trust. 6. The state of that
which is intrusted. — 7. In commerce, the state of acting
under authority in the purcliase and sale of goods fur
another. 8. The allowance made to a factor or commis-
sion-merchantefbr transacting business.
€OM-MIS'SION-MER'CHANT, n. A merchant who trans-
acts business as the agent of other men, in buying and
eelling.
eOM-MIS'SION, v.t. 1. To give a commission to ; to em-
power or authorize by commission. 2. To send with a
mandate or authority. 3. To authorize or empower. —
[Note. Commissionatc, in a like sense, has been used, but
rarely.]
eOM-MIS'SION-AL, ha. Appointed by warrant. [Little
eOM-MlS'SION-A-RY, \ used.]
eOM-MIS'SION- ATE, v. t. To commission. Wkitbv.
eOM-MIS'SIONED, -pp. Furnished with a commission ;
empowered ; authorized.
eOM-MIS'SION-ER, n. A person who has a commission or
warrant from proper authority, to perform some office, or
execute some business.
eOM-MIS'SION-ING, ppr. Giving a commission to ; fur-
nishing with a warrant; empowering by letters patent or
other writing ; authorizing.
* eOM'MIS-SURE, n. [L. commissura.] 1. A joint, seam or
closure ; the place where two bodies or parts of a body
meet and unite ; an interstice or cleft between particles
or parts, as between plates or lamellw. — 2. In architecture,
the joint of two stones, or application of the surface of one
to that of another. — 3. In anatomy, a suture of the crani-
um or skull ; articulation ; the corners of the lips. Also,
certain parts in the ventricles of the brain, uniting the two
hemispheres.
eOM-MIT', V. t. [L. committo.^ 1. To give in trust; to put
into the hands or power of another ; to intrust. 2. To
put into any place for preservation ; to deposit. 3. To put
or send to, for confinement. 4. To do ; to effect or perpe-
trate. 5. To join or put together, for a contest ; to match ;
followed by with ; a Latinism. 6. To expose or endanger
by a prelimmary step or decision which cannot be recalled.
7. To engage ; to pledge ; or to pledge by implication
Marshall. 8. To refer or intrust to a committee, or select
number of persons, for their consideration and report; a
term of legislation.
t€OM-MIT', V. i. To be guilty of iucontinency. Shak.
eOM-MiT'MENT, n. 1. The act of' committing ; a sending
to pris(m ; a putting into prison ; imprisonment. 2. An
order for confining in prison. But more generally we use
inittimus. 3. The act of referring or intrusting to a com-
mittee for consideration ; a term in legislation. 4. Tlie
act of delivering in cliarge, or intrusting. 5. A doing, or
perpetration, as of sin or a crime ; commission. 6. The
act of pledging or engaging ; or the act of exposing or en-
dangering. Hamilton.
<^OM-MlT'TED, pp. iSeiivered in trust; given in charge
deposited ; imprisoned ; done ; perpetrated ; engaged
exposed ; referred to a committee.
€OM-MIT'TEE, n. One or more persons, elected or appoint
ed, to whom any matter or business is referred, either by
a legislative body or either branch of it, or by a court, or
by any corporation, or by any society, or collective body
of men acting together.
€OM-MIT'T£E-SiiiP, n. The office and profit of commit-
tees.
eOM-MIT'TER, n. One who commits ; one who does or
perpetrates.
eOM-?,IlT'TI-BEE, a. That may be committed. [L. v..]
eOM-MlT'TING, ppr. Giving in trust ; depositing ; im-
prisoning ; perpetratmg ; engaging ; refemng to a com-
mittee ; exposing.
COM-MIX', V. t. [L. cornmisceo.] To mix or mingle ; to
blend ; to mix, as different substances.
€OM-MIX', V. i. To mix ; to mingle. Shale.
eOM-MIX'ED, (kom mixt') pp. Mixed ; blended.
COM-MIX'ING, ppr. Mixing ; blending.
£;OM-MiX'TION, TO. Mixture ; a blending of different in-
gredients in one mass or compound.
eOM-MlXT'URE, TO. 1. The act of mixing; the state of
being mingled ; the blending of ingredients in one mass or
compound. 2. The mass formed by mingling different
things ; composition ; compound.~3. In Scots law, a
method of acquiring property, by blending different sub-
stances belonging to different proprietors.
€OM-MoDE', «. [Fr. ; 1,. commodus.] A kind of head-dress
formei^y worn by ladies.
€OM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. [Fr. commode.] Convenient ; suita-
ble ; fit ; proper ; adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants
and necessities.
€OM-Mo DI-OUS-LY, ado. Conveniently ; in a commodious
manner ; suitably ; in a manner to afford ease, or to pre-
vent uneasiness.
€0£I-Mo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. Convenience ; fitness j suita-
bleness for its purpose.
€OM-MOD'I-TY, ?(. [L. commoditas.] 1. Primarily, con-
venience ; profit ; advantage ; interest. Li this sense
nearly obsolete. 2. 1'hat which affords ease, convenience
or advantage ; any thing that is useful, but particularly in
commerce, including every thing movable that is bought
and sold, goods, wares, merchandise, produce of land and
manufactures. — Staple commodities are those which are tlie
produce or manufacture of a country, and constitute the
principal articles of exportation.
€OM'MO-DoRE, to. [It. comandatore.] 1. The officer who
commands a squadron or detachment of ships. 2. A title
given by courtesy to the senior captain, when three or
more ships of war are cruising in company. 3. The con-
voy or leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen, which car-
ries a light in her top to conduct the other ships.
€OM-MOD-U-La'TION, to. [L. con and modulatio.] Meas-
ure ; agreement. [Little used.]
fCOMMOlGNE, n. [Fr.] A monk of the same convent.
COM'MON, a. [h. communis ; Fr. commun.] 1. Belonging
equally to more than one, or to many indefinitely. 2.
Belonging to the public ; having no separate owner. 3.
General ; serving for the use of all. 4. Universal ; be-
longing to all. 5. Public ; general ; frequent. 6. Usual ;
ordinary. 7. Of no rank or superior excellence ; ordinary.
Applied to men, it signifies, not noble. 8. Prostitute ;
lewd. — 9. In grammar, such verbs as signify both action
and passion, are called common ; also, such nouns as are
both masculine and feminine, as parens.
Common laio, in Great Britain and the United States, the
unwritten law, the law that receives its binding force from
immemorial usage and universal reception, in distinc-
tion from the written or statute law. — Common Pleas, in
Great Britain, one of the king's courts, now held in
Westminster Hall. In some of the American states, a
court of common pleas is an inferior court, whose jurisdic-
tion is limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a
county court. — Common Prayer, the liturgy of the church
of England, which all the clergy of the church are enjoin-
ed to use.
€OM'MON, TO. 1. A tract of ground, the use of which is not
appropriated to an individual, but belongs to the public, or
to a number.— 2. In law, an open ground, or that soil the
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ,— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
COM
16G
COM
use of which belongs equally to the inhabitants of a town
or of a lordship, or to a certain number of proprietors.
COM'MON, V. i. 1. To have a joint right with others in
common ground. 2. To board together 3 to eat at a table
in common.
eOM'MON, adv. Commonly.
eOM'MON-eOUN'OIL, n. The council of a city or corpo-
rate town, empowered to make by-laws for the govern-
ment of the citizens.
eOM'MON-€OUN'ClL-MAN, n. 1, One who communi-
cates in council with otliers. 2. A member of the com-
mon-council of London. B. Jonson.
eOjM'IVION-€RI'ER, n A crier whose occupation is to give
notice of lost tilings.
€OM'MON-IIALL, n. A hall or house in which citizens
meet for business.
€OM'MON-LAW YER, n. One versed in commmi law.
€OM'MON-PLACE, n. A memorandum ; a common topic.
€OM'MON-PLACE, v. t. To enter in a commonplace-book,
or to reduce to general heads. — Commonplace-book, a book
in which are registered such facts, opinions or observa-
tions a« are deemed woi-thy of notice or remembrance, so
disposed that any one may be easily found. Hence com-
monplace is used as an epithet to denote what is common
or often repeated, or trite.
eOM'MOiV-A-BLE, a. 1. Held in common. 9. Tliat may
be pastin-ed on common land.
eOM'iMON-A6E, n. The right of pasturing on a common ;
the joint right of ushig any thing in common with others.
€OM'MON-AL-TY, ?!. 1. The common people. In Great
Britain, all classes and conditions of people, v/ho are be-
low the rank of nobility. 2. The bulk of mankind.
eOM'MON-ER, n. 1 . One of the lower rank, or common
people ; one under the degree of nobility. 2. A member
of the house of commons. 3. One who has a joint right
in common ground. 4. A student of the second rank in
the universities in England ; one who eats at a common
table. 5. A prostitute. Shak. 6. A partaker.
€OM-MO-NI"TION, n. [L. commonitio.] Advice ; warn-
ing ; instruction. [Little used.]
€OM-MON'I-TlVE, a. Warning ; monitory. [Little used.]
€OM'iVION-LY, adv. Usually ; generally ; ordinarily ; fre-
quently ; for the most part.
eOM'MON-NESS, 7J. 1. Frequent occurrence; a state of
being common or usual. 2. Equal participation by two
or more. [Little used.]
€OM'i\IONS, n. plu. 1. The common people, who inherit
or possess no honors ortitles ; the vulgar. Dryden. 2. In
England, the lower house of Parliament, consisting of the
representatives of cities, boroughs and counties. This
body is called the HoiLse of Commons. 3. Common
grounds ; land possessed or used by two or more persons
in common. 4. Food provided at a common table, as in
colleges, where many persons eat at the same table or in
the same hall. — Doctors Commons, m London, a college
founded by Br. Harvey, for the professors of the civil law,
where the civilians common together.
t eOM-MON'STRATE, ?;. «. To teach. Cocker am.
€OM'MON-TY, n. In Scots laic, land belonging to two or
more common proprietors ; or a heath or muir, of which
there has been a promiscuous possession by pastu'-age.
€OM-xAI0N-We AL', ) 11. I. An established form of gov-
COM-MON- WEALTH', ( ernment or civil polity ; or, more
generally, a state ; a body politic ; properhi, a free state.
2. The whole body of people in a state ; the public. 3.
The territory of a state ; as, all the land witliin the limits
of the commonwealth. Massachusetts.
€OM-MON-WEALTH'S'MAN, n. One who favors the
ccinmonwealth, or a republican government.
eO.Ki MO-RANCE, )n. VL. commorans.] A dwelling or or-
€OM'MO-RAN-CY, \ dmary residence in a place ; abode :
habitation.
€OM'MO-RANT, a. Dwelling; ordinarily residing: in-
habiting.
t€OM-MO-RA'TION, 71. A staying, or tarrying. Cockcram.
€OM-Mo'RI-ENT, a. [L. commoriens.] Dying at the same
time.
eOM'MoTH-ER, n. A godmother. [Littleused.]
€OM-Mo'TION, n. [L. commotio.] 1. Agitation ; as the
/;ommot»iireof the sea. 2. Tumult of people ; disturbance;
disorder, which may amount at times to sedition or insur-
rection. 3. Agitation ; perturbation ; disorder of mind ;
heat ; excitement.
€OM-Mo'TION-ER, n. One who excites commotion. [Lit-
tle used.]
€0M-Mc3VE', V. t. [L. cojnmoveo.] To put in motion ; to
disturb ; to agitate ; to unsettle ; a poetic loord. Thomson.
€OM-MCNE', V. i. [Fr. communier.] 1. To converse ; to
talk together familiarly ; to impart sentiments mutually,
in private or familiar discourse. 2. To have intercourse
in contemplation or meditation. 3. To partake of the sa-
crament or Lord's supper ; to receive the communion ; a
common use of the word in Am.erica.
COM-MCNE , n. A small territorial district in France— one
of the subordinate divisions of the country introduced Ifl
the late revolution.
€0M-MU'N1-BUS AN-NIS. One year with another ; on an
average. — Communibus locis. One place with another ; on
a medium.
€OM-MU-NI-€A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being com-
municable ; capability of being imparted from one to an-
other.
€OM-Mu'NT €A BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be commu-
nicated ; capable of being imparted from one to another.
2. That may be recounted. 3. Communicative ; ready
to impart ; [not used.]
€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. Being communicable.
€OM-Mu'NI-€ANT, 71. One who communes at the Lord's
table ; one who is entitled to partake of the sacrament, at
the celebration of the Lord's supper.
€OM-Mu'NI-€ATE, v.t. [h. communico.] 1. To impart ;
to give to another, as a partaker . to confer for joint pos-
session ; to bestow, as that which tlie receiver is to hold,
retain, use or enjoy. 2. To impart reciprocally, or mu-
tually ; to have or enjoy a share of. 3. To impart, as
knowledge ; to reveal ; to give, as information, either by
words, signs or signals. 4. To deliver ; to give.
eOM-Mu'NI-€ATE, 7). i. 1. To partake of the Lord's sup-
per. Taylor 2. To have a communication or passage
from one to another ; to have the means of passing from
one to another. 3. To have intercourse ; applied to per-
sons. 4. To have, enjoy or suffer reciprocally ; to have a
share with another.
COM-JIli'NI-eA-TED, pp. Imparted from one to another j
bestowed ; delivered.
€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TING, ppr. I. Imparting; giving or be-
stowing ; delivering. 2. Partaking of the sacrament of
the Lord's supper. 3. Leading or conducting from place
to place, as a passage ; connected by a passage or chan-
nel. 4. Having intercourse by words, letters or messages ;
corresponding.
COM-MU-NI-Ca'TION, 7). 1. The act of imparting, confer-
ring or delivering, from one to another. 2. Intercourse
by words, letters or messages ; interchange of thoughts or
opinions, by conierence or other means. 3. Intercourse ;
interchange of knowledge ; correspondence ; good under-
standing between men. 4. Connecting passage; means
of passing from place to place. 5. That which is commu-
nicated or imparted. — 6. In rhetoric, a trope by which a
speaker or writer takes his hearer or speaker as a partner
in his sentiments, and says we, instead of /or yo^i.
COM-Mu'NI-CA-TIVE, a. 1. Inchned to communicate •
ready to impart to others. 2. Disposed to impart or dis-
close, as knowledge, opinions or facts ; free to communi-
cate ; not reserved.
€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being com-
municative ; readiness to impart to others ; freedom from
reserve.
€OM-Mu'NI-CA-TO-RY, a. Imparting knowledge.
€OM-MuN'ING, ppr. Conversing familiarly; having fa-
miliar jntercourse.
€OM-MuN'ING, n. Familiar converse ; private intercourse.
E. T. Fitch.
COM-MuN'ION, 71. [L. communio ; Fr. communion.] 1.
Fellowship ; intercourse between two persons or more ;
interchange of transactions, or offices ; a state of giving
and receiving ; agreement ; concord. 2. Mutual inter-
course or union in religious worship, or in doctrine and
discipline. 3. The body of Christians who have one com-
mon faith and discipline. 4. The act of communicating
the sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration of the
Lord's supper ; the partieipation of tlie blessed sacrament.
5. Union of professing Christians in a particular churcJi.
— Communion-service, in the Liturgy of the Episcopal
church, is the office for the administration of the holy sa-
crament.
COM-MuN'ION-IST, n. One who is of the same commun-
ion. Dury.
COM-MU'NI-TY, n. [L. communitas.] 1. Properly, com-
mon possession or enjoyment. 2. A society of people,
having common rights and privileges, or common inter-
ests ; or living under the same laws and regulations ; a
commonwealtli or state, a body politic. 3. Commonness ;
frequency ; [qbs.]
€OM-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable
of being exchanged, or put, one in the place of the other.
COM-MCf'TA-BLE, a. [L. commutabilis.] That may be ex-
changed, or mutually changed ; that may be given for
another. — In philology, that may pass from one into an-
other.
€OM-MU-Ta'TION, 71. [L. commutatio.] 1. Change ; al-
teration ; a passing from one state to another. 2. Ex-
change ; the act of giving one thing for another ; barter. —
3. In laiD, the change of a penalty or punishment from a
greater to a less ; as banishment instead of death.
€OM-Mu'TA-TiVE, a. [Fr. commutatif.] Relative to ex-
change ; interchangeable ; mutually passing from one to
another.
* See Syneysia a. E, I, 6, tj, Y, long.—VAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
coivr
167
COM
eOM-MC'TA-TIVE-LY, adv. By way of reciprocal ex-
cliaiige,
eOM-MuTE', V. t. [L. commuto.] 1. To exchange ; to put
one thing in the place of another j to give or receive one
thing for another. — 2. In ImD, to exchange one penahy or
punislmient for another of less severity.
eOM-MuTE', v.i. To atone 3 to compensate j to stand in
tJie place of.
eOM-MuT'U-AL, a. Mutual ; reciprocal ; iised in poetry.
eOM-PACT', a. [L. compactus.] 1. Closely and firmly
united, as the particles of solid bodies ; firm ; close ; sol-
id ; dense. 2, Composed ; consisting. 3. Joined ; held
together. [Little Tised.] 4. iirief ; close, pithy ; not dif-
fuse ; not verbose.
eOM'PACT, ri. [L. compactum.] An agreement; aeon-
tract between parties ; a word that may be applied, in a
general sense, to any covenant or contract between indi-
viduals ; but it is more generally applied to agreements
between nations and states, as treaties and confedera-
cies.
f:OM-PA€T', V. t. 1. To thrust, drive or press closely to-
gether ; to join firmly ; to consolidate ; to make close ; a3
the parts which compose a body. 2. To unite or connect
firmly, as in a system. 3. To league with. -i. To com-
pose or make out of.
€OM-PA€T'ED, p;?. Pressed close; firmly united, or con-
nected.
€OM-PA€T'ED-L,Y, adv. Closely, Lovelace.
eOM-PA€T'ED-NESS, n. A state of being compact ; firm-
ness; closeness of parts ; density, whence results hard-
ness.
f- €OM-PA€T'I-BLE, a. Tliat may be joined.
eOM-PA€T'lNG, ppr. Uniting closely ; consolidating.
eOM-P ACTION, n. The act of making compact : or the
state of being compact.
eOM-PA€T'LY, adv. Closely ; densely ; with close union
of parts.
eOM-PA€T'WESS, n Firmness; close union of parts;
density.
eOM-PA€T'UP>,E, n. Close union or connection cf parts ;
structure v/ell connected ; manner of joining.
eOM-PA'GES, ) 71. [L.] A system or structure of many
€0j\I'PA-6ES, i parts united.
f €OM-PAG'IN-ATE, v. t. To set together that which is
broken.
eOM-PA6-I-NA'TION, n. [L. compaao.) Union of parts ;
structure ; connection ; contexture. [Little used.]
t €6M'PA-NA-BLE, a. Companionable. Chaucer.
teoMTA-NA-BLE-NESS, «. Sociableness. Sidney.
t €e:>M-PAN'I-A-BLE, a. Social. Bacon.
t €OM-PAN'I-A-BLB-NESS, n. Sociableness. Hall.
eOM-PAN'ION, (kom-pan'yun) n. [Fr. covipagnon.] 1. One
who keeps company with another ; one with whom a
person frequently associates, and converses. 2. One who
accompanies another ; as two persons meeting casually
and traveling together are called compuniuris. 3. A part-
ner; an associate. 4. A fellow; a mate. 5. A sort of
wooden porch placed over the entrance or stair-case of
the cabin In merchant ships. Hence the ladder by which
officers ascend to and descend from the quarter deck is
called the companion ladder.
€OM-PAN'ION-A-BLE, a. Fit for good fellowship ; quali-
fied to be agreeable in company ; sociable ; agreeable as a
companion.
eOM-PAN'ION-A-BLY, adu. In a companionable man-
ner.
eOM-PAN'ION-SHlP, n. 1, Fellowship ; association. 2.
Company ; train.
€idlyl'VA-'NY,n. [It. compagnia.] 1. Inndlitary affairs, the
soldiers united under the command of a captain ; a subdi-
vision of a regiment. 2. Any assemblage of persons ; a
collection of men, or other animals, in a very indefinite
sense. 3. An assemblage of persons for entertainment or
festivity ; a party collected by invitation or otherwise. 4.
Persons that associate with others for conversation or
pleasure ; society. 5. The state of being a companion ;
the act of accompanying ; fellowship ; society. 6. A
number of persons united for the same purpose, or in a
joint concern. 7. The crew of a ship, including tlie offi-
cers ; also, a fleet. — To bear company, to accompany ; to
attend; to go with. — To keep company, to accompany;
to attend ; also, to associate with frequently or habitually
eoM'PA-NY, V. t. To accompany ; to attend ; to go with ;
to be companion to.
eOM'PA-NY, V. i. 1. To associate with; to frequent the
company of. 2. To be a gay companion ; [ohs.'\ 3. To
have commerce with the other sex.
eOM'PA-RA-BLE, a. [L. comparabilis.] That may be com-
pared ; worthy of comparison ; being of equal regard ;
that may be estimated as equal.
eOMTA-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree worthy to
be compared, or of equal regard.
eOM'PA-RATES, n. In logic, the two things compared to
one another.
€OM-PAR'A-TIVE, a. [L. comparativus.] 1. Estimated
by comparison ; not positive or absolute. 2. Having the
power of comparing difterent things.— 3. In grammar,
expressing more or less. The comparative degree of an
adjective expresses a greater or less degree of a quantity,
or quality, than the positive; as brighter. — Comparative
anatomy, that branch of anatomy v/hich treats of the anat-
omy of other animals than man, with a view to compare
their structure With that of human beings.
+ €OM-PAil'A-TiVE, n. One wJio is equal or pretends to
be an equal. SlLak.
eOI«[-PAil'A-li VE-LY, adv. In a state of comparison ; by
comparison ; according to estimate made by comparison ;
not positively, absolutely or in itself.
€OM-PaRE', v. t. [L. compare] 1. To set or bring things
together in fact or in contemplation, and to examine the
relations they bear to each other, with a view to ascertain
their agreement or disagreement. 2. To liken ; to repre-
sent as similar, for the purpose of illustration. 3. To ex-
amine the relations of things to each other, with a view
to discover their relative proportions, quantities or quali-
ties. — 4. In grammar, to form an adjective in the degrees
of comparison ; as, blackish, black, blacker, blackest. 5
To get ; to procure ; to obtain ; as in Latin ; [obs.]
€OM-PaRE', v. i. I. To hold comparison ; to be like or
equal. 2. To vie ; [obs.] Spenser.
COM-PaRE', ??. 1. The state of being compared ; compara-
tive estimate; comparison; possibility of entering into
com.parison, or being considered as equal. 2. Simile ;
simiiitiuie ; illustration by comparison.
€OM-PaR'ED, (kom-pard') pp. Set together and examined
with respect to likeness or unlikeness, agreement or dis-
agreement ; likened ; represented as similar.
COM-PaR'ER, n. One who compares or makes a compar-
ison.
eOM-PAR'ING, ppr. Examining the relations of things to
eac!) other ; likening.
COM-PAR'I-SON, n. [It. comparazione ; Fr. comparaison.]
1. The act of comparing. 2. The state of being compared.
3. Comparative estimate ; proportion. — 4. In grammar,
the formation of an adjective in its several degrees of sig-
nification. 5. A simile, similitude, or illustration by si-
militude. — 6. In rhetoric, a figure by which tv/o things
are considered with regard to a third, which is common
to them both.
COM-PART', v. t. [Fr. compartir.] To divide ; to mark
out a plan or design into its several parts, or subdivisions
Wotton.
COM'PART, n. A m.ember. Scott.
eOM-PART'ED, pp. Divided into parts or apartments.
eOM-PART'INU, ppr. Dividing or disposing into parts.
eOxM-PAR-TI"TIOx%', n. 3. The act of dividing into parts.
2. Division ; part divided ; a separate part. Wotton,
€OM-PART'MENT, 72. [Fr. compartiment.] 1. A division
or separate part of a general design, as of a picture, or of a
ground-plot. 2. A design composed of several different
figures, disposed with symmetry, for ornament.
€OM-PART'NEK, n. A sharer. Pearson.
CoM'PASS, ?j. [Fr. compas] 1. Stretch; reach; extent,
tlie limit or boundary of a space, and the space included.
2. A passing round ; a circular course ; a circuit. . 3. Mod-
erate bounds ; limits of truth ; moderation ; due limits.
4. The extent or lim.it of the voice or of sound. 5. An
instrument for directing or ascertaining the course of ships
at sea, consisting of a circular box, containing a paper
card marked witli the thirty-two points of direction, fixed
on a magnetic needle, that always points to the north, the
variation excepted. — 6. Compass or compasses, an instru-
ment for describing circles, measuring figures, &c., con
sisting of two pointed legs or branches, made of iron, steel
or brass, joined at the top by a rivet, on which they move.
7. An instrument used in surveying land, constructed in
the main like the mariner's compass.
CoM'PASS, V. t. ]. To stretch round ; to extend so as to
embrace the whole ; to inclose, encircle, grasp or seize.
2. To surround ; to environ ; to inclose on all sides. 3.
To go or walk round. 4. To besiege ; to beleaguer ; to
block up. 5. To obtain ; to attain to ; to procure ; to
bring within one's power; to accomplish. 6. To pur
pose ; to intend ; to imagine ; to plot ; to contrive ; as wg
say, to go about to perform, but in mind only.
CoM'P ASS-SAW, n. A species of saw, whose office is to
cut around.
€6M'PASSED, pp. Embraced ; surrounded ; inclosed ; ob-
tained; imagined.
€6M'PASS-ING, ppr. 1. Embracing ; going round ; inclos-
ing ; obtaining; accomplishing; imagining; intending. —
2. In ship-building, incurvated ; arched.
€OM-PAS'SION, n. [It. compassione.] A suffering with
another ; painful sympathy ; a sensation of sorrow ex-
cited by the distress or misfortunes of another ; pity ; com-
miseration.
t €OM-PAS'SION, V. t. To pity. Shak.
€OM-PAS'SION-A-BLE, a. Deserving of pity. [L. u. \ Barrow
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as gH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
COM
1()8
COM
t COM-PAS'STON-A-RY, a. Compassionate. Cotgrave.
eOM-PAS'SlON-ATE, a. Having a temper or disposition to
pity ; inclined to show mercy ; merciful ; having a heart
that is tender, and easily moved by the distresses, suffer-
ings, wants and infirmities of others.
eOM-P ASSIGN- ATE, v. t. To pity j to commiserate; to
have compassion for.
eOx^I-PAS'SIOiV-ATE-LY, adv. With compassion ; merci-
fullv. Clarendon.
COM-PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. The quality of being com-
passionate.
€OM-PA-T£RN'I-TY, n. The relation of a godfather to the
person for whom he answers.
eOM-PAT-I-BlL'I-TY, n. Consistency; the quality or
power of coexisting with something else ; suitableness.
COM-PAT'i-BLE, a. [Fr. compatible.] 1. Consistent ; that
may exist with ; suitable ; not incongruous ; agreeable.
eOM-PAT'I-BLE-NESS, 71. Consistency ; fitness ; agree-
ment ; the same as compatibility, which is generally used.
eOM-PAT'1-BLY, ado. Fitly ; suitably ; consistently.
eOiM-PA'TIENT, a. Suffering togetljer. f Little used.]
* eOM-PAT'RI-OT, or COM-PA'TRI-OT, n. [It. compa-
triotta.] A fellow patriot ; one of the same country.
* €OM-PAT'RI-OT, a. Of the same country.
€OM-PEER', 7j. [Tu.compar.] An equal ; a companion ; an
associate ; a mate.
€Oi\I-PEER', V. t. To equal ; to match ; to be equal with.
Shak.
£X)M-PEL', V. t. [L. compeUo.} 1. To drive or urge with
force, or irresistibly ; to constrain ; to oblige ; to necessi-
tate. 2. To force ; to take by force, or violence ; to seize.
'S. To drive together ; to gather ; to unite in a crowd or
company : a Latinism, compellere gregem. 4. To seize ;
to overpower ; to hold ; \_unxisual.'\ 5. To call forth ;
[obs.]
€OM-PEL'LA-BLE, a. That may be driven, forced or con-
strained.
€OM-PEL'LA-BLY, adv. By compulsion.
COM-PEL-La'TION, 7!. [L. compellatio.] Style or manner
of address ; the word of salutation.
t €OM-PEL'LA-TO-RY, a. Having the force of compelling;
compulsatory. Cavendish.
COM-PEL'LE'D, (kom-peld') pp. Forced ; constrained ;
obliged.
COM-PEL'LER, n. One who compels or constrains.
€OM-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving by force ; constraining ;
obliging.
COM'PEJVD, or €OM-PEND'I-UM, n. [L,. compendium.] An
abridgment; a summary; an epitome; a brief compilation
or composition.
€0-M-PEN-DI-A'RI-OUS, a. Short; contracted. [/..?/.]
t COM-PEND'I-ATE, v. t. To sum or collect together.
t COM-PEND-I-OS'I-TY, n. Shortness.
eOM-PEND'I-OUS, a. 1. Short ; summary ; abridged ; com-
prehensive ; containing the substance or general princi-
ples of a subject or work in a narrow compass. 2. Siiort ;
direct; near; not circuitous.
COM-PEND'I-OUS-IiY, adv. In a short or brief manner;
sumnuirilv ; in brief; in epitome.
€OM-PEND'I-OUS-NESS, n. Shortness ; brevity ; compre-
hension in a narrow compass.
eOM-PE.VS'A-BLE, a. That may be compensated. [L.u.l
* eOM'PE.\-SATE, or COM-PEN'SATE, v. t. [L. com-
penso.] 1. To recompense; to give an equivalent. 2. To
be equivalent in value or effect to ; to counterbalance : to
make amends for.
* eOM'PEN-SATE, v. i. To make amends ; to supply an
equivalent. — This word is generally accented on tlie
second syllable, most unfortunately, as any ear will de-
termine by the feebleness of the last syllables in the par-
ticiples, corn-pens' a-ted, corn-pens' a-ting.
* COM'P£N-SA-TED, pp. Recompensed ; supplied with an
equivalent in amount or effect ; rewarded.
* COM PEN-SA-TING, ppr. Givmg an equivalent ; recom-
pensing ; remunerating.
€OM-PEN-Sa'TION, n. 1. That which is given or received
as an equivalent for services, debt, want, loss, or suffer-
ing ; amends ; remuneration ; recompense. — 2. In laio,
a set-off; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal
amount.
eOil-PEN'SA-TiVE, a. Maiciiig amends or compensation.
eOM-PEN'SA-TO-RY, a. Serving for compensation ; mak-
ing amends.
t COM-PENSE', V. t. To recompense
t eOM-PE-REN'DI-NATE, v. t. [L. compr.reiidino.] To
delay.
t €OM-PE-REN-DI-Na'TION, n. Delay ; dilatorlness.
€OM-PeTE', v. i. [L. competo.] 1. To seek, or strive for
the same thing as another ; to carry on competition or
rivalry. 2. To strive or claim to be equal. Milner.
eOM'PE-TENCE, \ n. [L. competens.] 1. Sufficiency;
€0M'PE-TEN-CY, ] such a quantity as is sufficient ;
property or means of subsistence sufficient to furnish the
necessaries and conveniencies of life, without superfluity.
2. Sufficiency, applied to other things than prope-ty. 3
Legal capacity or qualifications; fitness. 4. Right or au-
thority ; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a
cause. 5. Fitness; adequacy ; suitableness ; legal suffi-
ciency.
€OM'PE-TENT, a. 1. Suitable; fit; convenient; hence,
sufficient, that is, fit for the purpose ; adequate. 2. Qual-
ified ; fit ; having legal capacity or power. 3. Incident 3
belonging ; having adequate power or right,
€OM'PE-TENT-LY, adv. Sufficiently ; adequately ; suit-
ably ; reasonably.
t €OM-PET'I-BLE. See Compatible.
t €OM-PET'I-BLE-NESS, n. Suitableness ; fitness.
€OM-PeT'ING, ppr. Striving in rivalry.
€OM-PE-TI"TION, n. [Low L. competitio.] 1. The act of
seeking, or endeavoring to gain, what another is endeav-
oring to gain, at the same time ; rivalry ; mutual strife for
the same object; also, strife for superiority. 2. A state
of rivalship ; a state of having equal claims. 3. Double
claim ; claim of more than one to the same thing.
€OM-PET'I-TOR, n. 1. One who seeks and endeavors to
obtain wliat another seeks ; or one who claims what an-
other claims ; a rival. 2. An opponent.
€OM-PET'I-TO-RY, a. Rivaling; acting in competition
Dangers of the Country.
COM-PET'I TRIX ' ( "• -^ female competitor.
COM-PI-La'TION,' n. ]. A collection of certain parts of a
book or books into a separate book or pamphlet. 2. A
collection or assemblage of other substances ; or the act of
collecting and forming an aggregate.
t €OM-PI-La'TOR, n. A collector.
COM-PlLE', V. t. [L. comjnlo.] 1. To collect parts or pas-
sages of books or writings into a book or pamphlet ; to se-
lect and put together parts of an author, or to collect parts
of different authors ; or to collect and arrange separate
papers, lav/s or customs, in a book, code or system. 2. To
write; to compose. 3. To contain; to comprise; [not
used.] 4. To make up ; to compose ; l7iot used.] 5. To
put together ; to build ; [not v^ed.]
€OM-PlL'ED, (kom-pild') pp. Collected from authors ; se-
lected and pirt together.
€OM-PiLE'MENT, 7;. The act of piling together or heap-
ing ; coacervation. [Little jised.]
COM-PiL'ER, 71. A collector of parts of authors, or of sep-
arate papere or accounts ; one who forms a book or com-
position from various authors or separate papers.
COM-PiL'ING, ppr. Collecting and arranging parts of books,
orsepamte papers, in a body or composition.
COM-PLa'CEATJE, (n. [L. complacens.] 1. Pleasure ; sat-
€OM-PLa'CEN-CY, \ isfaction ; gratification. 2. The
cause of pleasure or joy. 3. Complaisance : civility ;
softness of manners ; deportment ana audress mat afford
pleasure. — _,. the latter sense, complaisance, from the
French, is now used. See Complaisance.
COM-PLa CENT, ft. Civil ; complaisant. Biirke.
COM-PLA-CEN'TIAL, a. Marked by complacence; ac-
commodating. Ch. ReAig. Appeal.
€OM-PLa CENT-LY, adc. Softly ; in a complacent man-
ner.
€OM-PLaLV', v.i. [Fi: complaindre.] 1. To utter expres-
sions of grief; to lament." 2 To utter expressions of
censure or resentment ; to murmur , to find fault. 3. To
utter expressions of uneasiness or pain. 4. To charge ;
to accuse of an offense ; to present an accusation against
a person to a proper officer. 5. To represent injuries
particularly in a writ of audita querela.
COM-PLaIN', v. t. To lament ; to bewail.
t COM-PLa IN' A-BLE, a. That may be complained of.
COM-PLaIN'ANT, n. [Fr. complaignant.] 1. A prosecu
tor ; one who prosecutes by complaint, or commences a
legal process against an offender. 2. The plaintiff in a
writ of audita querela.
COM-PLaIN'ER, n. One who complains, or expresses
grief; one who laments; one who finds fault; a mur-
murer.
t COM-PLaIN'FUL, a. Full of complaint.
COM-PLaIN'ING, ppr. Expressing grief, sorrow or cen-
sure ; finding fault ; murmuring ; lamenting ; accusing of
an offense.
€OM-PLaIN'ING, 11. The expression of regret, sorrow, or
injury.
COM- PL A INT', 71. [Fx.complainte.] 1. Expression of grief,
regret, pain, censure, or resentment ; lamentation ; mur-
muring ; a finding fault. 2. The cause or subject ol
complaint, or murmuring. 3. Tlie cause of complaint, or
of pain and uneasiness in the body ; a malady ; a disease ;
usually applied to disorders not violent. 4. Accusation ;
a charge against an offender. 5. Representation of inju-
ries, in a general sense ; and, appropriately, in a writ of
audita querela.
COM'PLAI-SANCE, (Jcom'pla-zance) n. [Fr. complaisance. ^
1. A pleasing deportment ; courtesy ; that manner of ad-
dress and behavior in social intercourse which gives pleas-
* See Synopsis, a, E, I, o, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
COM
169
COM
'ire , civility ; obliging condescension ; kind and affable
reception and treatment of guests ; exterior acts of civility.
2. Condescension ; obliging compliance with the wishes
or humors of otliers. 3. Desire of pleasing ; disposition
to oblige.
eOM'PLAl-SANT, (kom'pla-zant) a. 1. Pleasing in man-
ners ; courteous ; obliging ; desirous to please. 2. Civil j
courteous ; polite.
COM'PLAI-SANT-LY, (kom'pla-zant-ly) ado. In a pleas-
ing manner ; with civility ; with an obliging, affable ad-
dress or deportment.
€OM'PLAI-SANT-NESS, n. Civility ; complaisance. [Little
used.]
eOM'PLA-NATE, ) v. t. [L. complano.] To make level j
COM-PLaNE', ) to reduce to an even surface.
eOM-PLEAT'. See Complete.
COM'PLE-MENT, n. [L. complementum.] 1. Fulness;
completion ; whence, perfection. 2. Full quantity or
number ; the quantity or number limited. 3. Tliat which
is added, not as necessary, but as ornamental ; sometliing
adventitious to the main thing; ceremony. [See Compli-
ment.] — 4. In geometry, what remains of the quadrant of
a circle, or of ninety degrees, after any arch has been
taken from it.— 5. In astronomy, the distance ot a star
from the zenitli. — 6. Arithmetical complement of a loga-
rithm, is what the logarithm wants of 10,000,000.-7. In
fortification, the complement of the curtain is that part in
the interior side which makes the demigorge.
eOM-PLE-MENT'AL, a. Filling ; supplying a deficiency ;
completing.
t eOM-PLE-MENT'A-RY, n. One skilled in compliments.
COM-PLeTE', a. [L. completus.] ] . Having no deticiency ;
perfect. 2. Finished ; ended ; concluded. — 3. In botany,
a complete flower is one furnished with a calyx and co-
rolla ; or having all the parts of a flower.
€OM-PLeTE', v. t. 1. To finish ; to end ; to perfect. 2.
To fill ; to accomplish. 3. To fullfil j to accomplish ; to
perform.
€Ux\I-PLeT'ED, pp. Finished ; ended ; perfected j fulifili-
ed ; accomplished.
€OM-PLeTE'LY, cdv. Fully ; perfectly ; entirely.
COM-PLeTE'MENT, n. The act of completing ; a finishing.
€0M-PLeTE'1VESS, 71. The state of being complete; per-
fection. _
€OM-PLeT'ING, ppr. Finishing; perfecting; accomplish-
ing,
eOM-PLE'TION, n. 1. Fulfillment ; accomplishment, 2.
Act of completing ; state of being complete ; utmost ex-
tent; perfect stfite.
COM-PLe'TIVE, a. Filling ; making complete. Harris.
€0M'PLE-T0-RY, a. Fulfilling ; accomplishing.
€OM'PLE-TO-RY, n. The evening service ; the complin
of the Romish church.
€OM'PLEX, or €OM-PLEX'ED, a. [L. complexus.'] I.
Composed of two or more parts or things ; cornposite ; not
simple ; including two or more particulars connected.
2, Involved ; difficult.
eOM'PLEX, n. Assemblage ; collection ; complication.
[Little used.']
eOM-PLEX'ED-NESS, n. Complication ; involution of parts
in one integral ; compound state.
€0M-PLEX'10N, (kom-plex'yun) n. 1, Involution; a com-
plex state; [little used.] 2, The color of the skin, partic-
ularly of the face ; the color of the external parts of a body
or thing. 3. The temperament, habitude, or natural dis-
position of the body ; the peculiar cast of the constitution,
which gives it a particular physical character.
€OM-PLEX'ION-AL, a. Depending on or pertaining to
complexion.
eOM-PLEX'ION-AL-LY, ado. By complexion. Brown.
eOM-PLEX'ION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the complexion,
or to the care of it.
€OM-PLEX'IONED, a. Having a certain temperament or
state.
COM-PLEX'I-TY, n. The state of being complex ; com-
plexness.
€OM'PLEX-LY, adv. In a complex manner ; not simply.
eOlM'PLEX-NESS, n. The state of being complex or in-
volved.
eOM-PLEX'URE, n. The involution or complication of
one thing with others.
€OM-PLi'A-BLE, a. That can bend or yield.
COM-PLl'ANCE, n. 1. The act of complying; a yielding,
as to a request, wish, desire, demand or proposal ; conces-
sion ; submission. 2. A disposition to yield to others.
3. Obedience ; foUov/ed by with. 4. Performance ; exe-
cution.
€OM-PLl'ANT, a. 1. Yielding, bending. 2 Yielding to
request or desire ; civil ; obliging.
COM-PLI'ANT-LY, adv. In a yielding manner.
( !OM'PLI-€A-CY, n. A state of being comolex or intricate.
COM'PLI-CATE, V. t [L. complico.] 1. Literally, to inter-
weave ; to fold and twist together. Hence, to make
complex ; to involve ; to entangle ; to unite or connect
mutually or intimately, as different things or parts. 2
To mcike intricate.
COM'PLI-CATE, a. 1. Complex ; composed of two or more
parts united.— 2. In botany, folded together, as the valves
of the glume or chaff in some grasses.
COM'PLI-CA-TED, 2^2^. Interwoven- entangled ; involved ;
intricate ; composed of two or more things or parts united
eOM'PLI-CATE-LY, adv. In a complex manner.
€OM'PLI-€ATE-NESS, n. The state of being complicated;
involution ; intricacy ; perplexity.
€OM'PLI-€A-TING, ppr. Interweaving; infolding ; unit-
ing.
€0M-PLI-€a'TI0N, n. 1. The act of interweaving, or in-
volving two or more things or parts ; the state of being
interwoven, involved or intimately blended. 2 The
integral consisting of many things involved or interwoven,
or mutually united.
COM'PLlCE, n. [It. complice.] One who is united with
another in the commission of a crime, or in an ill design
an associate or confederate in some unlawful act or de-
sign; an accomplice. The latter is now used. See Ac-
complice.
€OM-PLI'ED, (kom-pllde') pret. of comply.
€OM-PL]'£R, n. One who complies, yields or obeys; a
person of r^ady compliance ; a man of an easy, yielding
temper,
COM'PLI-MENT, n. [Fr, id. ; It. complimento.] 1. An ex-
pression of civility, respect or regard. 2. A present or
favor bestowed.
COM'PLI-MENT, v. t. 1. To praise ; to flatter by expres-
sions of approbation, esteem or respect. 2. To congratu-
late ; as, to compliment a prince on tie birth of a son.
3. To bestow a present ; to manifest i-.Luduess or regard
for, by a present or other favor.
COM'PLI-MENT, v. i. To pass compliments ; to use cere-
mony, or ceremonious language.
COM-PLI-MENT'AL, a. Expressive of civility or respect ,
implving compliments.
eOJiI-PLI-MENT'AL-LY, adv. In the nature of a compli-
ment ; bv wav of civility, or ceremony.
COM-PLI-MENT'A-RY, a. Complimental ; gratulatory ;
congratulatory ; flattering.
COM'PLI-MENT-ER, «. One who compliments ; one given
to conipliments ; a flatterer.
COM'PLINE, or COMPLIN, n. [Fr. complie.] The last
division of the Romish breviary ; the last prayer at night,
to be recited after sunset.
COM'PLISH, for accomplish, is not now used.
t eOM-PLoRE', V. i. [L. comploro.] To lament together.
* eOM'PLOT, 7). [con, or com, and plot.] A plotting togeth
er; a joint plot; a plot; a confederacy in some evil de-
sign ; a conspiracy.
eOM-PLOT', V. t. To plot together; to cor.spire ; to form ?
plot ; to join in a secret design, generally criminal,
COM-PLOT'MENT, n. A plotting together ; conspiracy.
eOM-PLOT'TED, pp. Plotted together ; contrived.
COM-PLOT'TER, 71. One joined in a plot ; a conspirator.
€OM-PLOT'TING, ppr. Plotting together ; conspiring ; con-
triving an evil design or crime.
COM-PLY', v. i. ; pret. complied. [It. compiacere.] J. To
comply inth, to fulfill ; to perfect or carry into effect ; to
complete; to perform or execute. 2. To yield to; to be
obsequious ; to accord ; to suit.
COM-PLY'ING zcit/i, pp-. Fulfilling 3 performing; yielding
to.
t COM-PON'DER-ATE, «. «. [l.. compander 0.] To weigh
together.
COM-PoNE', ) In heraldry, a bordure compone is that
COM-Po'NED, \ formed or composed of a row of angular
parts or checkers of two colors.
COM-Po'NENT, a. [L. componens.] Literally, setting or
placing together ; hence, composing; constituting; form
inga compound.
COM-PoRT', 7J. I. [It. comportare ;Fr. comporter.] To com-
port with, literally, to bear to or with ; to carry together.
Hence, to agree with ; to suit ; to accord.
COM-PoRT', V. t. I. JVith the reciprocal pronoun, to be-
have ; to conduct. Burke. [Little used.] 2. To bear ; to
endure^ [JVot used.]
* COM'PoRT, 71. Behavior ; conduct ; manner of acting
[Rarely used.]
COM-PoRT'A-BLE, a. Suitable ; consistent.
fCOM-PoRT'ANCE, 71. Behavior; deportment.
t eOM-PoRT-A'TION, 71. An assemblage.
tCOM-PoRT'MENT,7i. Behavior; demeanor; Fiannerof
acting, Addison.
eOM'POS MEN'TIS, [L, co7i andpos,] Possessed of mind
in a sound state of mmd.
COM-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. composer.] 1. To form a compound
or one entire body or thing, by uniting two or more tliings-
parts or individuals. 2. To invent and put togethei
words and sentences ; to make, as a discourse or writing ,
to write, as an author. 3. To constitute, or form, as
parts of a whole. 4. To calm ; to quiet ; to appease ; to
* Sec Synopsis, MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z 5 CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
COM
tranquLMze ; that is, to set or lay. 5. To settle ; to adjust.
6. To place in proper form, or in a quiet state. 7. To set-
tle into a quiet state. 8. To dispose ; to put in a proper
state for any purpose. — 9. In printing-, to set types or char-
acters in a composing sticlt, from a copy, arranging tlie
letters in the proper order. — 10. In music, to form a tune
oi piece of music with notes, arranging tliem on the stave
in such a manner as, when sung, to produce Iiarmony.
COM-PoS'ED, (kom-p5zd') pp. 1. Set together, or in due or-
der ; formed ; constituted ; calmed ; quieted ; settled ; ad-
justed. 2. a. Calm ; sedate ; quiet 3 tranquil j free from
agitation.
eOM-PoS'ED-LY, adu. Calmly ; seriously ; sedately.
€OM-PoS'ED-]N£SS, n. A state of being composed ; calm-
ness ;sedateness ; tranquillity.
€OM-PoS'ER, ?i, ^ One who composes ; one who writes
an original worK, as distinguished from a compiler ; an
author ; also, one wlio forms tunes, whether he adapts
them to particular words or not. . 2. One who quiets or
calms ; one who adjusts a difference.
€OM-PoSiXG, ;,7;r. Placing together ; forming; constitut-
ing ; writing an original work 3 quieting ; settling 3 adjust-
ing 3 sj;tting types.
COM-PoS'IiN'G-STICK, n. Among printers, an instrument
on which types are set from the cases, adjusted to the
length of the lines.
COM-POSiTE, a. In architecture, the Composite order is
the last of the five orders of columns ; so called because
its capital is composed out of those of the other orders or
columns. — Composite numbers are sivch as can be meas-
ured exactly by a number exceeding unity, as G by 2
or 3.
COM-PO-SI-'TION, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of
composing, or that which is composed ; the act of forming
a whole or integral, by placing together and uniting differ-
ent things, parts or ingredients ; or the v/hole body, mass
or compound, thus formed. — 2. In literature, the act of
inventing or combining ideas, clothing them with words,
arranging them in order, and, in general, committing them
to paper, or otherv/ise writing them. 3. A written or
printed work 3 a writing, pamphlet or book. — 4. In music,
the act or art of forming tunes ; or a tune, song, antliem,
air, or other musical piece. 5. The state of being placed
together; union ; conjunction 5 combination. 6. The dis-
])osition or arrangement of figures connected in a picture.
7. Adjustment; orderly disposition. 8. Mutual agree-
ment to terms or conditions. 9. Mutual agreement for
the discharge of a debt, on terms or by means different
from those required by the origmal contract, or by law, as
by tiie payment of a different sum, or by making other
compensation. Hence, the sum so paid, or comi)ensation
given, in lieu of that stipulated or required. 10. Consist-
ency ; congruity ; [little used.] 11. The act of uniting
simple ideas in a comi)lex idea or conception ; opposed to
a7ialysLs. 12. The joining of two words in a compound,
as in book-case ; or the act of forming a word with a prefix
or alhx, which varies its signification ; as return, from
turn. 1.3. The synthetical method of reasoning ; synthe-
sis ; a method of reasoning from known or admitted truths
or principles, as from axioms, postulates or propositions
previously demonstrated, and from these deducing a clear
knovvledge of the thing to be proved. — 14, In printing;,
the act of setting types or characters in the composing-
stick, to form lines, and of arranging the lines in a galley,
to make a column or page, and from this to make a form.
— 15. In chemistry, tlie combination of different sub-
stances, or substances of different natnres, by affinity.
eOil-POfS'I-TOR, 71. 1. In printing, one who sets types, and
makes up the pages and forms. 2. One who sets in order.
*(:j )M-POS'I-Ti VE, a. Compounded 3 or having the power
of compounding,
Go;u-PO,S-SESrr.OR, n. A ibint possessor,
tC;>.M-POS'SI-BLE, a. Consistent,
COM'PoST, n. [It. cojnposta.] In ap-iculturc, a mixture
-or composition of various manuring substances for fertiliz-
irig land,
CO.M'PdST, V. t. To manure with compost,
tCOM-POST'URE, n. Soil ; manure.
eOM-PoS'URE, (kom-po'zhur) n. 1, The act of composing,
or that which is composed ; a composition, 2. Com.posi-
tion ; combination ; arrangement ; order 3 [iitfle iised.]
?,. The form, adjustment, or disposition of the various
parts, 4, Frame ; make ; temperament. 5. A settled state
of the mind 5 sedateness ; calmness; tranquillity. 6.
Agreement 3 settlementof differences 3 com.position. [Lit-
tleusedA
eOM-PO-TA'TION, n. [L. compotatio.] The act of drink-
ing or tippling together.
eOM'PO-TA-TOR, n. One who drinks with anotlier.
eOM-POUND', V. t. [L, compono.] 1. To mix or unite
two or more ingredients in one mass or body, 2. To unite
or combine. 3. To compose 3 to constitute ; [not used.] —
4. In grammar, to unite two or more words ; to form one
word of two or more. 5. To settle amicably ; to adjust
170 COM
by agreement ; as a difference or controversy, 6. To pa?'
by agreement ; to discharge, as a debt, by paying a part,
or giving an equivalent different from that stipulated or
required. — To compound felony, \s for the person robbed
to take the goods again, or other com.pensation, upon an
agreement not to prosecute the thief or robber.
€OM-POUND'j V. ii 1. To agree upon concession 3 to come
to terms of agreement, by abating something of the first
demand. 2. To bargain in the lump 3 to agree. 3. To
come to terms, by granting something on each side ; to
agree. 4. To settle with a creditor by agi-eement, and
discharge a debt by paying a part of its amount 3 or to
make an agreement to pay a debt by means or in a m.an-
ner different from that stipulated or required by law. — To
compound with a felon, is to take the goods stolen, or
other amends, upon an agreement not to prosecute
him.
COM'POUND, a. 1. Composed of two or more ingredients-
— 2. In gram7nar, composed of two or more words. — 3, In
botany, a compound flower is a species of aggregate flower,
containing several florets, inclosed in a common perianth,
on a connnon receptacle,
COM'POUND, 11. A mass or body formed by the union or
mixture of two or more ingredients or different substances 3
the result of composition,
€OM-POUND'A-BLE, a. Capable of being compounded.
eOJW-POUND^ED, pp. Made up of different materials 3 mix-
ed 3 formed by union of two or more substances.
COM-POUISTD'ER, 71. 1. One who compounds or mixes dif-
ferent things. 2. One wlio attempts to bring parties to
terms of agreement 3 [little used.]
€05I-P0UND'ING, ppr. Uniting different substances in one
body or mass 3 forming a mixed body 3 agreeing by con-
cession, or abatement of demands 5 discharging a debt by
agreement to pay less tlian the original sum, or in a differ-
ent manner.
COM-PRE-HSND', v. t. [L, comprehcndo.] 1. To contain j
to include 3 to comprise, 2, To imply 3 to contain ot
include by implication or construction, 3. To under-
stand 3 to conceive 3 that is, to take, hold or contain in
the mind 3 to possess or to have in idea.
€OM-PRE-HEND'ED, pp. Contained 3 Included 3 implied :
understood.
€0]M-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Including 3 comprising 3 under-
standing : implying.
€OM-PRE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. [L. comprehensibilis.] 1. That
may be comprehended, or included 3 possible to be com
prised. 2. Capable of being understood 3 intelligible : con
ceivable by the mind.
COM-PRE-HEN SI-BLE-NESS, n. Capability of being un-
derstood.
€OM-PRE-HEN'SI-BLY, adv. With great extent of em-
brace, or comprehension 3 with large extent of significa-
tion ; in a manner to comprehend a"large circuit.
€OM-PRE-IiEN'SION, n. [L. comprehensio.] 1, The act
or quality of comprehending, or containing ; a comprisifig,
2. An including or containing within a nairov.' compiss 3
a summary ; an epitome or compend. 3. Capacity cf the
mind to understand ; power of the understanding to re-
ceive and contain ideas ; capacity of knowing. — Jn rheto-
ric, a trope or figure by which the name of a whole is put
for a part, or that of a part for a whole, or a definite num-
ber for an indefinite.
€0M-PRE-HEN'S1VE, a. 1. Having the quality of compris-
ing much, or including a great extent ; extensive. 2. Hav-
ing the power to comprehend or understand many things
at once.
€OM-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. 1, In a comprehensive
manner 3 with great extent of embrace,
€0M-PRE-HEN'S1VE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being
comprehensive, or of including much extent, 2, Tlie
quality of including much in a few words or narrow com-
pass.
t€0M-PRE-HEN'S0R, ??. One who has obtained knowl-
edge. Hall.
€OAi-PRES-BY-TE'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the Presbyte-
rian form of ecclesiastical ministration.
eOM-PRESS', V. t. [L. compressus.] 1. To press together by
external force 3 to force, urge or drive into a narrower
compass 3 to crowd, 2, To embrace camally, 3. To
crowd ; to bring within narrow limits or space.
eOMTRESS, 71. In siLrgery, a bolster of soft linen cloth,
with several folds, used by surgeons to cover a plaster or
dressing.
COM-PRESS'ED, (kom-prest ) pp. I. Pressed or squeezed
togetiier ; forced into a narrow or narrower compass ; em-
braced carnally. — 2. In botany, flatted 3 having the two
opposite sides plane or flat.
€OM-PRESS-I-B[L'I-TY, n. The quality of being compress-
ible, or yielding to pressure ; the quality of being capa-
ble of compression into a smaller space or compass.
€OM-PRESS'I-BLE, a. Capable of being forced or driven
into a narrower compass ; yielding to pressure ; giving
way to a force applied.
* See Synopsis, a, K, T, 6, V, Y, long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MAElNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
COM
171
CON
eOM-PRESS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Compressibility ; the quality
of being compressible.
€GM-PE,ES'SION, n. 1. The act of compressing, or of
pressing into a narrower compass ; the act of foicing the
parts of a body into closer union or density, by the appli-
cation offeree. 2. The state of being compressed.
€OM-PRESS'IVE, a. Having power to compress.
eOM-PRESS'URE, n. The act or force of one body pressing
against another ; pressure.
t tOMTRlEST, 72. A fellow priest. Milton.
€0M-PR1NT', v.i. [See Print.] To print together. It is
taken, in law, for the deceitful printing of another's copy,
or book, to the prejudice of the proprietor. [Little used.]
eOSI-PRlS'AL, n. The act of comprising or comprehend-
ing. Barrow.
eOM-PRlSE', V. t. XFv. compris.] To comprehend; to con-
tain ; to include ; as, the substance of a discourse may be
comprised m a few words.
€OM-PRiS'ED, (kom-prizdOi>?. Comprehended; contained.
eOM-PRlS'ING, ppr. Containing ; including ; comprehend-
ing.
€0 U'PRO-BATE, 1/'. i. To agree in approving; to concur
in testimony. Elyot.
€OM-PRO-Ba'TION, n. [L. comprobatio.] Proof; joint at-
testation. [Little used.]
eOM'PRO-MlSE, n. [L. compr amis sum.] 1. A mutual
promise or contract of two parties in controversy, to refer
their differences to the decision of arbitrators. 2. An
aiisicable agreement between parties in controversy, to
settle their differences by mutual concessions. 3. Mutual
agreement^ adjustment,
eo;vl'PRO-MlSE, V. t. 1. To adjust and settle a difference
by mutual agreement, with concessions of claims by the
pJirties ; to compound. 2. To agree ; to accord. 3. To
commit ; to put to hazard ; to pledge by some act or dec-
laration.
t €OM'PRO-ML«E, iJ. i. To agree; to accord. Fuller.
COM'PRO-MlSED, pp. Settled by agreement with mutual
concessions.
eOM'PRO-MIS-ER, n. One who compromises.
(OOI'J'PRO-BIlS-lNG, ppr. Adjusting by agreement.
COPH-PROM-IS-So'RI-AL, a. Relating to a compromise.
eOM'PRO-MIT, V. t. [Fr. compr omettre.] To pledge or en-
gage, by some act or declaration, which may not be a di-
rect promise, but wliich renders necessary some future
act. Hence, to put to hazard, by some previous act or
measure, which cannot be recalled.
eorvI'PRO-MIT-ED, pp. Pledged by some previous act or
declaration.
€0MT!10-M[T-ING, ppr. Pledging; exposing to hazard.
€OM-PRO-VIN'CIAL, n. One belonging to the same prov-
ince or archiepiscopal jurisdiction.
t eOMPT, (comt) n. [Fr. compte.] Account ; computation.
f €OMPT, V. t. To compute. See Count.
f- eOMPT, a. [L. cotnptus.] Neat ; spruce.
f eOMPT'I-BLE, a. Accountable; subject; submissive.
t eOMPT'LY, ado. Neatly. Sherwood.
\ eOMPT'NESS, 71. Neatness. Sherioood.
eOMP'TO±>T-ITE, 71. A newly-discovered mineral.
GOMP-TRoLL', from Fr. compter, L. computo, to count or
compute, and rolle, a register. If this word were of gen-
uine origin, both the verb and its derivative, comptroller,
as applied to a public officer, would not be sense. But
tiiere is no such legitimate word in English, nor in any
other known lansuage. See Control.
COM-PULS'A-TlVE, or €OM-PULS'A-TO-RY, a. [L.
comp'dliu^.] Compelling ; forcing ; constraining ; ope-
rating by force.
eOil-PULS'A-TiVR-LY, adv. By constraint or compul-
sion.
eOM-PUL'SION, 71. [Low L. compulsio.] 1. The act of
driving or urging by force, physical or moral ; force ap-
plied ; constraint of the will ; the application of a force
that is irresistible. 2. The state of being compelled or
urged by violence.
COM-PUL'SIVE, a. Having power to compel; driving;
forcing ; constraining ; applying force.
eOM-PUL'SIVE-LY, adv. By compulsion ; by force.
eOM-PUL'SIVE-NESS, n. Force ; compulsion.
€OM-PULS'0-RI-LY, adv. In a compulsory manner; by
force or constraint.
€OM-PULS'0-RY, a. Having the power or quality of com-
pelling ; applying force ; driving by violence ; constrain-
ing.
t €0:VI-PUN€T', a. Pricked; stimulated.
COM-PUNC'TION, n. [L. compuvctlo.] 1. A pricking ;
stimulation ; irritation. 2. A pricking of heart ; poignant
grief or remorse, proceeding from a consciousness of guilt;
the sting of conscience proceeding from a conviction of
having violated a moral duty.
eOM-PUNC'TiOUS, a. Pricking the conscience; giving
pain for offenses committed.
eOM-PUNC'TIVE, a. Causing remorse.
eOM-PCfPIL, n. A fellow pupil. [Little used.]
€OM-PUR-Ga'TION, n. [L. compurgo.] In law, the act ot
practice of justifying a man by the oath of others, who
swear to their belief of his veracity.
COM-PUR-Ga'TOR, n. One who bears testimony or swears
to theveracity or innocence of another.
€OM-Pu'TA-BLE, a. Capable of being computed, number-
ed or reckoned.
t eOM'PU-TATE, 7j. t. To account; to reckon. Cocker aw.
eOM-PU-TA'TION, 71. [L. computatio.] 1. The act of
computing, numbering, reckoning or estimating ; the pro
cess by which different sums or particulars are numbered
estimated or compared. 2. The sum, quantity or amouni
ascertained by computing or reckoning. 3, Calculation.
€OM-VvTB',v.t. [li. computo.] 1. To number ; to count ;
to reckon ; to cast together several sums or particulars, to
ascertain the amount or aggregate. 2. To cast or estimate
in the mind; to estimate the amount by know^n or suppos-
ed data^ 3. To calculate.
t eOM-PuTE', 71. Computation. Brown.
€OM-PuT'ED, pp. Counted ; numbered ; reckoned ; esti-
mated.
€OM-PuT'ER, n. One who computes, a reckoner ; a calcu-
lator. _Swift.
€OM-PuT'lNG, jjjjr. Counting; numbering; reckoning,
estimating.
\ COMPU-TIST, n. A computer. Wotton.
*€OM'RADE, n. [Fr. camarade.] A fellow ; a mate or com-
panion ; an associate in occupation.
t COM'RoGUE, n. A fellow rogue.
CON. A Latin inseparable preposition or prefix to other
words. In compounds, it is changed into I before I, as
in colUgo, to collect, and into wi before a labial, as in
comparo, to com.pare. Before a vowel or h, the 71 is drop-
ped ; as in coalesco, to coalesce, to <: ^ j.erate; cohibeo, to
restrain. It denotes union, as in conjoin ; or opposition,
as in conflict, contend.
CON. [abbreviated from Latin contra, against.] In the
phrase pro and con, for and against, con denotes the neg-
ative side of a question. As a noun, a person who is in
the negative ; as, the pros and cons.
eON, V. t. [Sax. ccunan, connan, cunnan.] 1. To know ;
[ohs.] 2. To make one's self master of; to fix in the
mind, or commit to memory ; as, to co7i a lesson. Jvlilton.
— To con thanks, to be pleased or obliged, or to thank :
[obs.] Shak.
€0-Na'TUS, 7;. [L.] 1. Effort; attempt. 2. The tenden-
cy of a body towards any point. Palcy.
eON-€AM'SR-ATE, t\ t. [L. co7ica??iero.] To arch over;
to vault ; to lav a concave over.
€ON-CAM'ER-A-TED, pp. Arched over.
€ON-€AM-lSR-A'TiON, 71. An arching; an arch or vault.
€ON-€AT'E-NATE, v. t. [It. concatenare.] To link to-
gether ; to unite in a successive series or chain, as things
depending on each other.
€ON-€AT'E-NA-TED, pp. Linked together ; united in a
CON-CAT-E-Na'TION, n. A series of links united ; a suc-
cessive series or order of things connected or depending
on each other.
tCON-eAU.«E', 7?. Joint cause. Fotherby.
CON-GA-VaTION,*?!. The act of making concave.
CON'CAVE, a. [L. concavus.] 1. Hollow, and arched or
rounded, as the inner surface of a spherical body. 2. In
botany, a concave leaf is one whose edge stands above the
disk.
CON'CAVE, 71. A hollow; an arch or vault; as, the etlie-
real concave.
CON'CAVE, V. t. To make hollow. Seward.
eON'CAVE-NESS, n. Hollowness.
eON-€AV'I-TY, n. [It. concavitd.] Hollowness ; the inter-
nal surface of a hollow spherical body, or a body of other
figure ; or the space Avithin such body.
COisf-CA'VO-CON'CAVE, a. Concave or hollow on both
surfaces.
CON-Ca'VO-CON'VEX, a. Concave on one side, and con-
vex on the other.
CON-Ca'VOUS, a. [L. concaviis.] Concave, which see.
CON-Ca'VOUS-LY, adv. With hollowness; in a manner
to discover the internal surface of a hollow sphere.
CON-CeAL', v. t. [LoAV L. concelo ] 1. To keep close or
secret ; to forbear to disclose ; to withhold from utterance
or declaration. 2. To iiide , . o wiluuiu,', from observa-
tion ; to cover or keep from sight.
CON-CeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be concealed, hid, or
kept close.
CON-CkAL'ED, (kon-seeld') pp. Kept close or secret ; hid ;
withdrawn from sight ; covered.
^.0N-Ci5AL'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be detected.
t CON-CeAL'ED-NESS, 71. Privacy; obscurity. Diet.
CON-CeAL'ER, 71. One who conceals.
CON-CeAL'ING, ppr. Keeping close or secret; forbearing
to disclose ; hiding ; covering.
CON-CeAL'ING, 71. Abiding; a withholding from disclo-
sure.
See Synopsis MOVE BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z 5 CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
CON
172
CON
CON-CeAL'MENT, n. 1. Forbearance of disclosure; a
keeping close or secret. 2. The act of hiding, covering,
or withdrawing from sight. 3. The state of being hid or
concealed ; privacy ; as, a project formed in concealment.
4. The place of hiding; a secret place; retreat from ob-
servation ; cover from sight.
eON-CEDE', V. t. [L. concedo.] 1. To yield ; to admit as
tnie, just, or proper; to grant; to let pass undisputed.
2. Toallow ; to admit to be true.
€ON-CeDE', v. i. To admit ; to grant. Bentley.
f:ON-CED'ED, pp. Yielded ; admitted ; granted ; as, a
question, proposition, fact or statement is conceded.
(JON-CeD'ING, Tppr. Yielding ; admitting ; granting.
eON-CElT', n. [It. concetto.} 1. Conception ; that which
is conceived, imagined or formed in the mind ; idea ;
thought; image. 2. Understanding; power or faculty of
conceiving ; apprehension ; as, a man of quick conceit ;
[nearly antiquated.] 3. Opinion; notion; fancy ; imagi-
nation ; fantastic notion ; as, a strange or odd conceit. 4.
Pleasant fancy ; gayety of unagination. 5. A striking
thought ; affected or unnatural conception. 6. Favorable
or self flattering opinion; a lofty or vain conception of
one's own person or accomplishments. — Out of conceit
with, not having a favorable opinion of; no longer pleas-
ed vi'ilh.
eON-CElT', i; t. To conceive; to imagine; to think; to
fancv. _
t eON-CElT', V. i. To form a notion ; to conceive.
eoN-CElT'ED, pp. 1. Conceived ; imagined ; fiincied.
2. part. a. Endowed with fancy or imagination ; [ohs.]
3. a. Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; hav-
ing a vain or too high conception of one's own person or
acconi^plishments ; vain.
eON-CEiT'ED-LY, adv. In a conceited manner ; fanciful-
ly ; whimsically.
eON^-CElT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being conceited ;
conceit ; vanity ; an overweening fondness of one's own
person _or endowments.
t eON-CElT'LESS, a. Of dull conception ; stupid ; dull of
apprehension. Shak.
eON-CElV'A-BLE, a. [Fr. concevahle.] 1. That may be
hnagined or thought; capable of being framed in the
mind by the fimcy or imagination. 2. That may be un-
derstood or believed.
f:OX-CElV'A-BLE-NES3, n. The quality of being conceiv-
able. _
eoX-CElV'A-BLY, adv. In a conceivable or intelligible
m-\nner.
€Oi\-CElVE', V. t. [Fr. concevoir.] 1. To receive into the
womb, and breed ; to begin the formation of the embryo
or fetus of an animal. 2. To lorra in the mind ; to ima-
gine ; to devise. 3. To form an idea in the mind ; to un-
dei-stand ; to comprehend. 4. To think ; to be of opinion ;
to have an i^dea; to imagine.
CON-CeIVE', v. i. 1 . To have a fetus formed in the womb ;
to breed ; to become pregnant. 2. To think ; to have a
conception or idea. 3. To understand ; to comprehend ;
to have a complete idea of.
eOX-CElV'ED, (kon-seevd') pp. Formed in the womb;
framej in the mind ; devised ; imagined ; understood.
€ON-CeIV'ER, n. One that conceives ; one that compre-
hends.
eOX-CElV'IN3, ■pj)r. Forming a fetus in the womb ; fram-
ing in the mind ; imagining ; devising ; thinking • com-
prehending.
COX-CeIV'I.VG, n. Apprehension ; conception.
t€OX-CEL'E-BRATE, v. t. To celebrate together.
CON-CENT', ?!. [L. conce/itMs.] 1. Concert of voices ; con-
cord of sounds ; harmony. 2. Consistency ; accordance.
eON-CENT'El), part. a. Made to accord. Spenser.
€U\-CENT'FUL, a. Harmonious. Fotherhy.
€OX-CEN'TRATE, v. t. 1. To bring to a common centre,
or to a closer union ; to cause to approach nearer to a
point or centre ; to bring nearer to each other. 2. To in-
crease the specific gravity of bodies. 3. To free from ex-
traneous matter ; as, to concentrate an acid.
eO.V-CEN TRA-TED, pp. Brought to a point or centre;
brought to a closer union ; reduced to a narrow compass ;
collected into a closer body.
COX-CEXiTRA-TfNG, ppr. Bringing to a point, or to
closer union ; collecting into a closer body or narrow
compass.
CON-CEN-TRa TfOX, 71. The act of concentrating ; the
act of bringing nearer together ; collection into a central
point ; compression into a narrow space ; the state of be-
ing brought to a point.
€ON-CEN'TRE, ) v. i. [Fr. concentrer.] To come to a point,
€ON-CEN'TER, \ or to meet in a common centre ; used
of convex sTingr lines, or other things that meet in a point.
eON-CEN'TRE, v. t. To draw or direct to a common cen-
tre ; to bring to a point, as two or more lines or other
things.
eON-CEN'TRED, pp. Brought to a common centre ; unit-
ed in a point.
€ON-CEN'TRie, a. [It. concentrico.] Having a cotntfion
eON-CEN'TRING, ppr. Tending to a common centre .
bringing to a centre.
€ON-CENT'U-AL, a. Harmonious ; accordant.
€ON-CEP'TA-€LE, n. [L. conceptaculum.] 1. That in
which any thing is contained ; a vessel ; a receiver or re-
ceptacle. — 2. In botany, a follicle ; a pericarp of one valve^
opening longitudinally on one side, and having the seeds
loose in it.
I €ON-CEP'TI-BLE, a That may be conceived ; conceiv-
able ; intelligible.
€ON-CEP'TION, 71. FL. conceptio.] 1. The act of conceiv-
ing ; the first formation of the embryo or fetus of an ani-
mal. 2. The state of being conceived. — 3. InpneuMatol-
ogy, apprehension of any thing by the mind ; the act of
conceiving in the mind. 4. Conception may be sometimes
used for the power of conceiving ideas, as when w^e say,
a thing is not within our conception. 5. Purpose conceiv-
ed ; conception wath reference to the performance of an
act. 6. Apprehension ; knowledge. 7. Conceit ; affected
sentiment or thought.
t €ON-CEP'TIOUS, a. Apt to conceive ; fruitful ; pregnant.
Shak.
€ON-CEP'TIVE, a. Capable of conceiving. [Little used.]
Broion.
CON-CERN', V, t. [Fr. concemcr.] 1. To relate or belong
to. 2. To relate or belong to in an emphatical manner ;
to affect the interest of; to be of importance to. 3. To
interest or affect the passions ; to take an interest in ; to
engage by feeling or sentiment. 4. To disturb ; to make
uneasy ; [little 2ised.] 5. To intermeddle.
eON-CERK', 71. 1. That which relates or belongs to one
business ; affair. 2. Interest ; importance ; moment ; that
which affects the welfare or happiness. 3. Affection
regard ; careiul regard ; solicitude ; anxiety. 4. Persona
connected in business ; or their affairs in general.
€ON-CERN'ED, (kon-sernd') pp. or a. I. Interested ; engag-
ed ; having a connection with that which may affect the
interest, welfare or happiness. 2. Interested in business ;
having connection in business, 3. Regarding with care ;
solicitous ; anxious.
COX-CERN'ED-IiY, adv. With affection or interest.
€ON-CERN'ING, pp-. [commonly, but not correctly, class-
ed among prepositions.] Pertaining to ; regarding ; hav-
ing relation to.
t€0N-CERK'JNG,7!. Business. Shak.
€ON-CERN'MENT, r.. 1. The thing in which one is con-
cerned or interested ; concern; affair; business; interest.
2. A particular bearing u]X)n the interest or happiness of
one ; importance ; moment. 3. Concern ; interposition ;
meddling. 4. Emotion of mind ; solicitude.
CON-CERT', V. t. [It. concertare.] To contrive and settle
by mutual communication of opinions or propositions , to
settle or adjust.
CON'CERT, n. 1. Agreement of tAvo or more in a design
or plan ; imion formed fay mutual communication of opin-
ions and views ; accordance in a scheme; harmony. 2.
A number or company of musicians, playing or singing
the same piece of music at the same time ; or the music
of a company of players or singers, or of both united. 3,
A sinsing in company. 4. Accordance ; harmony.
eON-CER-TA'TION, 71. Strife; contention. [Little used.]
t€ON-CER'TA-TlVE, a. Contentious ; quarrelsome. Diet,
eON-CERT'O, n. [It.] A piece of music for a concert.
Mason,
€0N-CES'3I0N, 71. [L. co7iccs.9io.] 7 The act of granting
or yielding. 2. The thing yielded. — 3. In rhetoric or de-
hate, the yielding, granting, or allowing to the opposite
party some point or fact that may bear dispute, v»'ith a
view to obtain something vi^hich cannot be denied, or to
show that, even admitting the point conceded, the cause
is not with the adverse party, but can be maintained by
the advocate on other grounds. 4. Acknowledgment by
way of apology ; confession of a fault.
€ON-CES'3ION-A-RY, a. Yielding by indulgence or allow
ance.
€ON-CES'SIVE, a. Implying concession.
CON-CES'SIVE-LY, adv. By way of concession or yield-
ing; by way of admitting what may be disputable.
Brown.
jCON-CET'TO, n. [It.] Affected wit; conceit. [JTotEn^
lish.]
CONCH, 71. [L. concha.] A marine shell.
€ON-CHIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. concha and fero.] Producing or
having shells.
CON-CHIL'I-OUS, a. Of or belonging to shells.
CONCH'iTE, 71. A fossil or petrified conch or shell,
CON-CHOID', 71. [conch, and Gr. eiSog.] The name of a
curve, given to it by its inventor, Nieomedes.
CON-CHOID'AL, a. In mineralojgnj, resembling a conch or
marine shell ; having convex elevations, and concave de-
pressions, like shells.
C0N-CH0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to conchology.
• See Synopsis A,K,1, 0, C, Y, long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD i~ t Obsolett
CON
173
CON
t/ON-eHOL'0-6lST, n. One versed in the natural history
of shells or shell-fish ; one who studies the nature, prop-
erties and habits of shells and their included animals.
eON-€HOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. Koyxv and Xoj/oj.] The doctrine
or science of shells and shell-fish.
eON-€HOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Koyxn and fterped).] An In-
strument for measuring shells.
€ON-€HY-La'GEOUS, a. Pertaining to shells ; resembling
a shell.
eO]\-€HYL-I-OL'0-6lST, J Sometimes used as synonyms
eON-€HYL-I-OL'0-6Y, \ of the preceding words ; but
they are words of inconvenient length, and useless.
€ON*CIA-TOR, n. In glass-works, the person who weighs
and proportions the salt on ashes and sand, and who
works and tempers them.
eON-ClER6E', n. [Fr.] The keeper of a palace ; a house-
keeper.
t€ON-ClL'I-A-BLE,n. [L.conciliabulum.] A small assem-
bly. Bacon.
eON-CIL'IAE., a. Pertaining or relating to a council. [Lit-
tle used.]
eON-CIL'IATE, V. t. [L. concilio.] 1. To lead or draw to,
by moral influence or power ; to win, gain or engage, as
the affections, fkvor or good will. 2. To reconcile, or
bring to a state of friendship, as persons at variance.
eON-CIL lA-TED, pp. Won; gained 3 engaged by moral
influence, as by favor or affection ; reconciled.
eON-CILIA-TING, ppr. 1. Winning; engaging; recon-
ciling. 2. a. Winning ; having the quality of gaining
favor.
eON-CIL-I-A TION, n. The act of winning or gaining, as
esteem, favor or affection ; reconciliation.
eON-CIL-I-A'TOR, n. One who conciliates or reconciles.
eON-CIL lA-TO-RY, a. Tending to conciliate, or recon-
cile ; tending to make peace between persons at variance ;
pacific.
t €OxV-CIN'NATE, v. t. To make fit. CocUram.
eON-CIN'NI-TY, n. [L. condnnitas .] 1. Fitness ; suita-
bleness ; neatness ; [little used.] 2. A jingling of words.
CON-CIN'NOUS, a. [L. concinnus.] Fit ; suitable ; agree-
able ; becoming ; pleasant.
t €ON-CIO-Na'TOR, n. A preacher.
eON'CIO-NA-TO-RY, a. [L. concionatorius.} Used in
preaching, or discourses to public assemblies.
eON-ClSE', a, [L. concisMs.] Brief ; short, applied to lan-
guage or style ; containing few words ; comprehensive ;
comprehending much in few words, or the principal mat-
ters only.
€ON-ClSE'LY, adv. Briefly ; In few words ; comprehen-
sively.
eON-ClSE'NESS, 71. Brevity in speaking or writing.
eON-Clffi'ION, n. [Low L. concisio.] Literally, a cutting
off. Hence, in Scripture, the Jews, or those who adhered
to circumcision.
€ON-CI-Ta'TION, n [L. concitatio.] The act of stirring
up, exciting or putting in motion.
t €ON-CrTE',_?;. (. [L. concito.] To excite.
eON-€LA-MA'TION, n. [L. conclamatio.] An outcry or
shout of many together.
€ON'€LAVE, 71. [L. conclave.] 1, A private apartment,
particularly the room in which the cardinals of the Rom-
ish church meet in privacy, for the election of a pope. 2.
The assembly or meeting of the cardinals, shut up for the
election of a pope. 3. A private meeting ; a close assem-
bly.
eON-€LtJDE', V. t. [L. concludo.] 1. To shut. 2. To in-
clude ; to comprehend. 3. To collect by reasoning ; to
infer, as from premises ; to close an argument by inferring.
4. To decide ; to determine ; to make a final judgment or
determination. 5. To end ; to finish. 6. To stop or re-
strain, or, as in law, to estop from further argument or
proceedings ; to oblige or bind.
eON-GLuDE', V. i. 1. To infer, as a consequence ; to de-
termine. 2. To settle opinion ; to form a final judgment.
3. To end.
eON-€LuD'ED, pp. Shut j ended ; finished ; determined ;
inferred; comprehended: stopped, or bound.
eON-€LuD'EN-CY, n. Inference ; logical deduction from
premises.
GON-GLuD'ENT, a. Bringing to a close : decisive.
GON-GLuD'ER, 71. One who concludes.
eON-GLuD'ING, ppr. 1. Shutting ; ending ; determining ;
inferring ; comprehending. 2. a. Final ; ending ; clos-
ing ; as_, the concluding sentence of an essay.
eON-GLuD'ING-LY, adv. Gonclusively ; with incontro-
vertible_ evidence. [Little used.]
eON-GLu'SI-BLE, a. That may be concluded or inferred :
determijiable. [Little used.]
eON-GLu'SION, 71. [L. conclusio.] 1. End ; close ; the
last part. 2. The close of an argument, debate or reason-
ing ; inference that ends the discussion ; final result. 3.
Determination ; final decision. 4. Gorisequence ; infer-
ence ; that which is collected or drawn from premises ;
particular deduction from propositions, facts, experience,
or reasoning. 5. The event of experiments ; experiment
[little used.] 6. Confinement of the thoughts ; silence
[71 ot used.]
t GON-GLU'SION-AL, a. Concluding. Hooper.
GON-GLU'SIVE, a. [It. conclusivo.] 1. Final ; decisive
2. Decisive; giving a final determination; precluding a
further act. 3. Decisive ; concluding the question ; put-
ting an end to debate. 4. Regularly consequential.
GON-GLtJ'SIVE-LY, adv. Decisively ; with final determi-
nation.
GON-GLtJ'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being conclusive,
or decisive ; the power of determining the opinion, or of
settling a question.
GON-GO-AG'U-LATE, v t. To curdle or congeal one tiling
with another.
GON-GO-AG'U-LA-TED, pp. Curdled ; concreted
GON-GO-AG'U-LA-TING,2);w. Concreting ; curdling
GON-GO-AG-U-La'TION, 71. A coagulating together, as
different substances, or bodies, in one mass. Crystaliza
tion of different salts in the same menstruum.
GON-GOGT', V. t. [L. concoquo, concoctum.] I. To digest
by the stomach, so as to turn food to chyle or nutriment.
2. To purify or sublime ; to refine by separating the gross
or extraneous matter. 3. To ripen.
GON-GOGT'ED, pp Digested ; purified ; ripened.
GON-GOGT'ING, ppr. Digesting ; purifying ; ripening.
GON-GOG'TION n. [L. concoctio.] 1. Digestion or solu-
tion in the stomach ; the process by which food is turned
into chyle. 2. Maturation ; the process by which morbid
matter is separated from the blood or humors, or other-
wise changed and prepared to be thrown off. 3. A ripen-
ing ; the acceleration of any thing towards perfection.
GON-GOGT'IVE, a. Digesting ; having the power of digest-
ins or ripening.
t GON-G6L'OR, a. Of one color. Broion.
GON-GOM'I-TANGE, ) n. [L. con and ccmitor.] A being
CON-GOM'I-TAN-CY, \ together, or in connection with
anoJier tiling.
GON-GOM'I-TANT, a. Accompanying ; conjoined with ;
concurrent ; attending.
GON-GOM'I-TANT, n. A companion ; a person or thing
that accompanies another, or is collaterally connected.
GON-GURl'I-TANT-LY, adv In company with others.
t GON-GOJVI'I-TATE, v. t. To accompany or attend ; to be
collaterally connected. Harvey.
GON'GORD, 71. [Fr. covcorde } L. concordia.] 1. Agree-
ment between persons ; union in opinions, sentiments,
views or interests ; peace ; harmony. 2. Agreement be-
tween things ; suitableness; harmony. — 3. In 7n7i5ic, con-
cent of sounds ; hannony ; the relation between two or
more sounds which are agreeable to the ear. [See Chord.]
4. A compact ; an agreement by stipulation ; treaty. 5.
— In law, an agreement between the parties in a fine,
made by leave of tlie court. — 6. In grammar, agreement
of words in constraction. — Fonn of concord, in ecclesiasti-
cal history I is a book among the Lutherans containing a
system of doctrines to.be subscribed as a condition of com
munion, cnmpooed at Torgaw m 1576
fGON-GORD', V. i. To agree. Lord Clarendon.
GON-GORD'A-BLE, a. Agreeing ; harmonious.
GON-GORB'A-BLY, adv. With agreement. Rogers.
GON-GGRD'ANGE, n. [Fr. concordance.] I. Agreement.
— 2. In grammar, concord ; [not used.] 3. A dictionary in
which the principal words used in the Scriptures are ar-
ranged alphabetically, and the book, chapter and verse in
wliich each word occurs are noted.
GON-GORD'AN-GY, n. Agreem.ent
GON-GORD'ANT, a. Agreeing ; agreeable ; correspondent ;
harmonious.
GON-GORD'ANT, n. That which is accordant.
GON-GORD'ANT-LY, adv. In conjunction.
GON-GORD'AT, n. In the canon laio, a compact, covenant
or agreement concerning some beneficiary matter, as a
resignation, permutation, promotion and the like. In par-
ticular, an agreement made by a prince with the pope rel-
ative to the collation of beneiices.
GON-GORD'IST, n. The compiler of a concordance. Ch
Observer.
fGON-GOR'POR-AL, a. Of the same body. Diet.
GON-GOR'PO-RATE, v t. [L. concorporo.] To unite differ-
ent things hi one mass or body ; to incorporate. [Little
used.]
GON-GOR'PO-RATE, v. L To unite in one mass or body
GON-GOR-PO-Ra'TION, 71. Union of things in one mass
or body.
GON'GoURSE, n. [Fr. concours.] 1. Amoving, flowing
or running together ; conf.uence. 2. A meeting ; an as-
sembly of men; an assemblage of things ; a collection
formed by a voluntary or spor.^neous moving and meeting
in one place. 3. The place or point of meeting, or a meet-
ing ; the point of junction of two bodies. JYewton.
GON-GRE-aTE', v.t. To create with, or at the same time.
GON-GRE-aT'ED, j?p. Created at the same time, or in union
with.
♦ See Synovsia. MOVE, BOQK , D6VE ;-BULL, UNITB -€ as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
CON
174
CON
t €ON-€RED'IT, v. t. To intrust. Barrov;.
€ON-€RE-Ma'TION, 71. [L. concremo.l The act of burn-
ing f^ifferent things together. {Little jtsecf.]
€ON'€RE-MENT, n. [Low L. concrementum.] A growmg
together ; the mass formed by concretion. Hale.
€ON-€Ri^S'CENCE, n. [L. concrcsceiitia.] Growth or in-
crease ; the act of growing or increasing by spontaneous
union, or the coalescence of separate particles. Raleigh.
€Oi\-€RES'CI-BLE, a. Capable of concreting ; that may
csngeal or be changed from a liquid to a solid state.
€ON'€RETE, a. [L. concretus.] 1. Literally, united in
growth. Hence, formed by coalition of separate particles
in one body ; consistent in a mass 3 united in a solid forxn.
— 2. In logic, applied to a subject ; not abstract. — A concrete
number expresses or denotes a particular subject, as three
men.
eOJVeRETE, n. 1. A compound ; a mass formed by con-
cretion. — ^2. In philosophy, a mass or compound body,
made up of different ingredients j a mixed body or mass.
— 3. In logic, a concrete term ; a term that includes both
the quality and the subject in which it exists.
eOX-eRETE', V. i. To unite or coalesce, as separate par-
ticles, into a mass or solid body, chiefly by spontaneous
cohesion, or other natural process.
€ON-€ReTE', v. t. To form a mass by the cohesion or co-
alescence of separate particles.
€ON-€ReT'ED, pp. United into a solid mass ; congealed ;
inspissated ; clotted.
€ON-€ReTE'LY, adv. In a concrete manner ; in a man-
ner to include the subject with the predicate ; not ab-
stractly_. JSTorris.
eON-€RETE'NESS, n. A state of being concrete ; coagu-
lation. _
CON-€ReT'ING, ppr. Coalescing or congealing in amass ;
becoming thick ; making solid.
€ON-€Re'TION, n. 1. The act of concreting ; the process
by which soft or fluid bodies become thick, consistent,
solid or hard. 2. Tlie mass or solid matter formed by
growmg together, by congelation, condensation, coagula-
tion or induration ; a clot ; a lump.
€ON-r:lE'TIVE, a. Causing to concrete ; having powprto
produce concretion; tending to form a solid mass from
separate j)articles.
t CON-CRe'TURE, n. A mass formed by concretion.
t CON-CREW, V. i. To grow together. Spenser.
€;0N-€u'BI-NA6E, n. [Fr.] The act or practice of cohab-
iting, as man and woman, in sexual commerce, without
the authority of law, or a legal marriage.
t OON-Cu'BI-NA-RY, a. Relating to concubinage
t €ON-Cu'BI-NATE, n. Whoredom ; lewdness.
eON'CU-BlNE, n. [Yx.;!^. concuhina.'] 1. A woman who
cohabits with a man, without the authority of a legal mar-
riage ; a woman kept for lewd purposes ; a kept mistress.
2. A wife of inferior condition ; a lawful wife, but not
united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of in-
ferior condition.
eON-CUL'CATE, v. t. [L. conculco.] To tread on ; to tram-
ple under foot. Mountagu.
CON-CUL-Ca'TION, 7?. A trampling under foot. [JVot
7nuch used.]
eON-CD'PIS-CENCE, n. [L. concupiscentia.] Lust ; unlaw-
ful or irregular desire of sexual pleasure; inclination for
unlawful enjoyments.
eON-Cu'PIS-CENT, a. Desu-ous of unlawful pleasure ; li-
bidinous.
tCON-CU-PIS-CEN'TIAL, a. Relating to concupiscence.
CON-CtJ'PIS-CI-BLE, a. Excitmg or impelling to the en-
joyment of carnal pleasure ; inclming to the attainment
of pleasure or good.
CON-CUR', V. i. [L. concurro.] 1. To meet in the same
point ; to agree. 2. To agree ; to join or unite, as in one
action or opinion ; to meet, mind with mind. 3. To
unite or be conjoined, with the consequential sense of
aiding, or contributing power or influence to a common
object.
CON-CUR RENCE, tj. 1. A meeting or coming together;
union ; conjunction. 2. A meeting of minds ; agreement
in opinion ; union in design ; implying joint approbation.
3. A meeting or conjunction, whether casual or intend-
ed ; combination of agents, circumstances or events. 4.
Agreement; consent; approbation. 5. Agreement or
consent, implying joint aid or contribution of power or
influence 6. A meeting as of claims, or power ; joint
rights ; implying equality in different persons or bod-
ies
eON-CUR REN-CY, 71. The same as concurrence ; hut little
used.
eON-CUR'RENT, a. 1. Meeting ; uniting ; accompanying ;
acting in conjunction ; agreeing in the same act ; contrib-
uting to the same event or effect; operating with. 2.
Conjoined ; associate ; concomitant. 3. Joint and equal ;
existing together, and operating on the same objects.
eON-CUR'RENT, n. That which concurs; joint or con-
tributory cause.
eON-CUR'RENT-LY, adv. With concurrence ; united y
CON-CUR'RING, ppr. Meeting in the same point ; agree-
ing ; running or acting together ; uniting in action ; con-
tributing to the same event or effect ; consenting.
CON-CUS-Sa'TION, n. [See Concussion.] A violent shock
or agitation.
eON-CUS'SED, a. Shaken. Cockeram.
eON-CUS'SION, 77. [L. concussio.l 1. The act of shaking,
particidarly and properly, by the stroke or impulse of an-
other body^ 2. The state of being shaken ; a shock ; as
the concussion of the brain by a stroke. It is used also
for shaking or agitation in general.
CON-CUS'SIVE, a. Having the power or quality of shak
ing. Johnson.
COND, V. t. [Fr. coiiduire.] In seamen^s language, to con
duct a ship ; to direct the man at helm how to steer.
CON-DEMN', (kon-dem') v. t. [L. condemno.] 1. To pro-
nounce to be utterly wrong ; to utter a sentence of disap-
probation against ; to censure ; to blame. 2. To deter-
mine or judge to be wrong, or guilty ; to disallow ; to dis-
approve. 3. To witness against ; to show or prove to be
wrong, or guilty, by a contrary practice. 4. To pro-
nounce to be guilty ; to sentence to punishment ; to utter
sentence against judicially ; to doom. 5. To doom or
sentence to pay a fine ; to fine. 6. To judge or pronounce
to be unfit for use or service. 7. To judge or pronounce
to be forfeited.
CON-DEM'NA-BLE, a. That may be condemned ; blam-
able ; culpable. Brown.
CON-DEM-Na'TION, 7t. [L. condemnatio.] 1. The act of
condemning ; the judicial act of declaring one guilty, and
dooming him to punishment. 2. The state of being con-
demned. 3. The cause or reason of a sentence of con-
demnation. John iii.
CON-DEM'NA-TO-RY, a. Condemning 3 bearing condem-
nation or censure.
CON-DEM'NED, (kon-demd') pp. Censured; pronounced
to be wrong, guilty, urorthless or forfeited 3 adjudged or
sentenced to punishment.
CON-DEM'NER, n. One who condemns or censures.
CON-DEM'NING, ppr. Censuring; disallowing; pronounc-
ing to be wrong, guilty, worthless or forfeited ; sentenc-
ing to punishment.
CON-DENS' A-BLE, a. Capable of being condensed ; that
may be compressed into a smaller compass, and into a
more close, compact state.
CON-DENS'ATE, v. t. To condense ; to compress into a
closer form ; to cause to take a more compact state ; to
make more dense.
CON-DENS'ATE, v. i. To become more dense, close or
hard.
CON-DENS'ATE, a. Made dense ; condensed ; made more
close or compact.
CON-DEN-Sa'TION, a. [L. condensatio.] The act of mak-
ing more dense or compact ; or the act of causing the
parts that compose a body to approach or unite more
closely, either by mechanical pressure, or by a natural
process ; the state of being condensed.
CON-DENS'A-TlVE, a. Havmg a power or tendency to
condense.
CON-DENSE', (ken-dens') v. t. [L. condenso.] 1. To make
more close, thick or compact ; to cause the particles of a
body to approach, or to unite more closely, either by their
own attraction or affinity, or by mechanical force. 2. To
make thick ; to inspissate. 3. To compress into a smaller
compass, or into a close body ; to crowd.
CON-DENSE', (kon-dens') v. i. To become close, or more
compact, as the particles of a body ; to approach or unite
more closely ; to grow thick.
CON-DENSE', (kon-dens') a. Close in texture or compo-
sition ; compact ; firm ; dense ; condensated. See Dense,
wliich is generally used.
CON-DENS'ED, (kon-densf) pp. Made dense, or more close
in parts ; made or become compact ; compressed into a
narrower compass.
CON-DENS'ER, 71. He or that v/hich condenses ; particu-
larly a pneumatic engine or syringe in which air may be
COlTlDrCSSGll.
CON-DENS'I-TY, 7i. The state of being condensed ; dense-
ness : density. [The latter are generally iised.]
COND'ER, 71. [Fr. conduire.] I. A person who stands upon
a cliff, or elevated part of the sea-coast, in the time of the
herring fishery, to point out to the fishermen, by signs, the
course of the shoals of fish. 2. One who gives directions
to a helmsman how to steer the ship.
fCON-DE-SCENCE', 77. Descent from superiority. Puller.
CON-DE-SCEND', v. i. [It. condescendere.] 1. To descend
from the privileges of superior rank or dignity ; to submit
or yield, as to an inferior. 2. To recede from one's riglits
in negotiation, or common intercom-se, to do some act,
which strict justice does not require. 3. To stoop or de-
scend ; to yieM ; to submit ; implying a relinquishment of
rank, or dignity of character, and sometimes a sinking
into debasement.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long— FA.'R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
CON
175
CON
tX3N-DE-SCENiyENCE, n. A voluntary yielding or sub-
mission to an inferior.
€ON-DE-SCEND'ING, ppr. 1. Descending from rank or
distinction in tlie intercourse of life ; receding from riglits
or claims ; yielding. 2. a. Yielding to inferiors ; courte-
ous ; obliging.
eON-DE-SCEND'ING-LY, adv. By way of yielding to in-
feriors ; with voluntary submission ; by way of kind con-
cession ; courteously.
eON-DE-SCEN'SION, n. Voluntary descent from rank,
dignity or just claims ; relinquishment of strict right ; sub-
mission to inferiors in granting requests or performing
acts which strict justice does not require.
€ON-DE-SCEN'SIVE, a. Condescending; courteous.
t eON-DE-SCENT', 71. Condescension. Bp. Hall.
eON-DiGN', (kon-dine') a. [L. condignus.] Deserved ;
worthy ; merited ; suitable.
eON-DIG'NI-TY, n. Merit ; desert.— In school divinity, the
merit of human actions which claims reward, on the score
of justice.
eON-DlGN'LY, (kon-dine'ly) adv. According to merit.
€ON-DlGN'NESS, (kon-dine'nes) n. Agreeable ness to de-
serts ; suitableness.
€ON'DI-MENT, n. [L. condimentiim.] Seasoning; sauce;
lliat which is used to give relish to meat or other food,
and to gratify the taste.
€ON-DIS-Cl'PLE, n. [L. condiscipulus.] A school fellow ;
a learner in the same school, or under the same instructor.
eON-DlTE', V. t. [L. condio. conditum.'l To prepare and
preserve with sugar, salt, spices, or the like ; to pickle.
Taylor. [Little used.]
eON-DlTE'MENT, n. A composition of conserves, pow-
ders, and spices, in the form of an electuary. [Little-
iised.]
eON-DlT'ING, ppr. Preserving. [Little iised.]
€ON-DI"TION, n. [L. conditio.) 1. State ; a particular
mode of being ; applied to external circumstances, to the
body, to the mind, and to things. 2. Quality ; property ;
attribute. 3. State of the mind ; temper ; temperament :
complexion. 4. Moral quality ; virtue or vice. 5. Rank,
that is, state with respect to the orders or grades of socie-
ty, or to property. 6. Terms of a contract or covenant ;
stipulation ; that is, that which is set, fixed, established
or proposed. 7. A clause in a bond, or other contract con-
taining terms or a stipulation that it is to be performed,
and, in case of failure, the penalty of the bond is to be in-
curred. 8. Terms given, or provided, as the ground of
something else ; that which is established, or to be done,
or to happen, as requisite to another act.
€ON-Di''TION, V. i. To make terms ; to stipulate.
eON-Di"TION, V. t. To contract ; to stipulate.
€ON-DI"TION-AL, a. 1. Containing or depending on a con-
dition or conditions ; made with limitations ; not absolute ;
made or granted on certain terms.— 2. In grammar and
logic, expressing a condition or supposition.
eON-Dl"TION-AL, n. A limitation. Bacon.
€ON-DI-TION-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being condi-
tional, or limited ; limitation by certain terms.
eON-Di'TION-AL-LY, adv. With certain limitations ; on
pai-ticular terms or stipulations ; not absolutely or posi-
tively.
teON-Dl"TION-A-RY, a. Conditional ; stipulated.
t €ON-DI"TrON-ATB, a. Conditional ; established on cer-
tain terms. Hamrnond.
teON-Di"TION-ATE, v. t. To qualify ; to regulate.
€ON-Di"TIONED, pp. 1. Stipulated ; containing terms to
be fierformed. 2. a. Having a certain state or qualities.
This word is usually preceded by some nualifvin(r term.
t €ON-DI"TION-LY, adv. On certain terms. ''
eON-DoLE', V. i. [L. condoleo.] To feel pain, or to grieve,
at the distress or misfortunes of another.
eON-DoLE', v. t. To lament or bewail with anotlier, or on
account of another's misfortune. [Uimsual.]
eON-DoLE'MENT, ri. Grief; pain of mind at another's
loss or misfortune ; sorrow ; mourning.
€ON-Do'LENCE, n. Pain of mind, or grief excited by the
distress or misfortune of another.
€ON-DoL'ER, 71. One who condoles.
€ON-DoL'ING, ppr. Grieving at another's distress.
€ON-DoL'ING, n. Expression of grief for another's loss.
€0N DO-MA, n. An animal of the goat kind, as large as a
stag, and of a gray color.
eON-DO-NA'TION, n. [L. condono.] The act of pardoning.
[Little used.]
CON'DOR, n. The largest species of fowl hitherto discover-
ed ; a_native of South America.
eON-DuCE', V. i. [L. conduco.] To lead or tend ; to con-
tribute.— In the transitive sense, to conduct, it is nat au-
thorized.
fCON-DuCE', V. t. To conduct ; to accompany in tlie way.
eON-DuCE'MENT, n. A leading or tending to ; tendency.
Gregory.
€ON-Du'CENT, a. Tending or contributing to.
€ON-Du'CI-BLE, a. [L. conducibilis.] Leading or tending
to ; having the power of conducing ; having a tendency
to promote or forward.
CON-DC'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of leading or con
tributing to any end.
€ON-Du'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner promoting an end.
€ON-Du'CIVE, a. That may conduce or contribute ; hav-
ing a tendency to promote.
€ON-DO'CIVE-NESS, n. The quality of conducing or tend-
ing to promote. Boyle.
€ON'DU€T, 71. [Sp. conducta.] 1. Literally, the act of
leading ; guidance ; command. 2. The act of convoying,
or guarding ; guidance or bringing along under protection
Skak. 3. Guard on the way ; convoy ; escort. Shak. — 4.
In a general sense, personal behavior ; course of actions ;
deportment ; applicable equally to a good or bad course of
actions. 5. Exact behavior : regular life. Swift. 6. Man-
agement ; mode of carrying on. 7. The title" of two cler-
gymen appointed to read prayei-s at Eton college in Eng-
land.
€ON-DU€T', V. t. [Sp. conducir.] 1. To lead ; to bring
along ; to guide ; to accompany and show the way. 2. To
lead ; to direct or point out tlie way. 3. To lead ; to usher
in ; to introduce ; to attend in civility. 4. To give a di-
rection to ; to manage ; applied to things. 5. To lead, as
a commander ; to direct ; to govern ; to command . 6
With the reciprocal pronoun, to conduct one^s self, is to
behave. Hence, by a customary omission of the pronoun,
to conduct, in an intransitive sense, is to behave ; to direct
personal actions. 7. To escort ; to accompany and pro-
tect on the way.
CON-DUCT'ED, pp. Led ; guided ; directed ; introduced ,
commanded ; managed.
€ON-DU€T'ING, ppr. Leading; escorting; introducing,
commanding ; behaving ; managing.
€ON-DUe'TION, 71. 1. The act of training up; [obs.] 2.
Transmission by a conductor.
€0N-DU€-TI"T10US, a. [L. conductitius.] Hired; em-
ployed for wages. Jlyliffe.
€ON-DUeT'OR, n. I. A leader ; a guide ; one who goes be-
fore or accompanies, and shows the way. 2. A chief; a
commander ; one who leads an army or a people. 3. A
director ; a manager. — 4. In surgery, an instrument which
serves to direct the knife in cutting for the stone, and in
laying up sinases and fistulas ; also, a machine to secure
a fractured limb. — 5. In electrical experiments, any body
that receives and communicates electricity. 6. A metallic
rod, erected by buildings or in ships, to conduct lightning
to the earth or water, and protect the building from its ef-
fects.
€ON-DU€T'RE£S, n. A female who leads or directs ; a di-
rectress.
eON'DUIT, (kon'dit) ?(. [Fr. condtiit.] 1. A canal or pii)e
for the conveyance of water ; an aqueduct. 2. A vessel
that conveys the blood or other lluid. 3. A conductor
4. A pipe '^r cock for drawing ofi" liquor. 5. Any clum-
nel that conveys water or fluids; a sink, sewer or
drain.
€ON-DU'PLI-€ATE, a. [L. conduplicatus.] Doubled or
folded over or together.
€ON-Du'PLI-€ATE, v. t. To double ; to fold together.
€ON-Du'PLI-€A-TED, a. Doubled ; folded together.
€ON-DU-PLI-€a'TION, n. [L. coriduplicatio.] A doubling ;
a duplicate.
CON'DYL, 71. [L. condylus.] A protuberance on the end of
a bone ; a knot, or joint ; a knuckle.
CON'DY-LOID, a. [Gr. kovSvXos and eiSos.] The condyloid
process is the posterior protuberance at the extremities of
the under jaw.
€0N'DY-L0ID, n. The apophysis of a bone ; the projecting
soft end, or process of a bone.
CONE, 7?. [Fr. cone ; Gr. kwvos.] 1. A solid body or figure
having a circle for its base, and its top terminated in a
point or vertex, like a sugar-loaf. — 2. In botany, the
conical fruit of several evergreen trees, as of the pine,
fir, cedar and cypress.
CO'NEPATE, or CO'NEPATL, n. An animal of the weasel
kind in America.
Co'NEY. See Cont.
€ON-PAB'U-LATE, v. i. [L. confabulor.] To talk familiar-
ly together ; to chat ; to prattle. [Little used.] Cowper.
CON-FAB-U-La'TION, n. [L. confabulatio.] Familiar
talk ; easy, unrestrained, unceremonious conversation.
€ON-FAB'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Belonging to familiar talk-
[Little used.]
t eON-FA-MlL'IAR, a. Very familiar.
€ON-FAR-RE-A'TION, n. [L. confarreatio.] The solemn!
zation of marriage among the Romans, by a ceremony in
which the bridegroom and bride tasted a cake made ot
flour, with salt and water.
tCON-FAT'ED, a. Fated together.
t CON-FECT', V. t. To make sweetmeats. See Comfit.
CON'FECT, 71. [L. confectus.] Something prepared with
sugar or honey, as fruit, herbs, roots and the like ; a sweet-
meat.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; 'f H as in this, f Obsolete
CON
176
CON
eON-FEG'TION, n. [L. confectio.] 1. Any thing prepared
with sugar, as fruit ; a sweetmeat ; something preserved.
2. A ctmpos'lion or mixture. 3. A soft electuary.
eON-FEe'TlON-E-RY, or €ON-FE€'TIONER, n. One
whose occupatiuu is to make or to sell sweetmeats, &c.
€ON-FEt:;'TION-E-RY, n. 1. A place for sweetmeats ; a
place where sweetmeats and sijnilar things are made or
sold. 2. Sweetmeats in general J things prepared or sold
by a confectioner.
eON-FE€'TOR, n. [L.J An officer in the Roman games,
whose business wels to kill any beast that was dangerous.
eON-FE€'TO-RY, a. Pertainmg to the art of making
sweetmeats,
€ON-FED'ER-A-CY, n. [Low L. confcedcratio.] 1. A
league, or covenant ; a contract between two or more
persons, bodies of men or states, combined in support of
each other, in some act or enterprise ; mutual engage-
ment ; federal compact. 2. The persons, states or nations
united by a league. — 3. In law, a combination of two or
more persons to commit an unlawful act.
eON-FED'ER-ATE, a. [Low L. confaderatus.] United in
a league ; allied by treaty ; engaged in a confederacy.
f ON-FED'ER-ATE, n. One who is united with others in a
league ; a person or nation engaged in a confederacy ; an
ally. Dryden.
€ON-FED'ER-ATE, v. i. [Fr. confederer.] To unite in a
league ; to join in a mutual contract or covenant.
eON-FED'ER-ATE, v. t. To unite in a league ; to ally.
€ON-FED'ER-A-TED, yp. United in a league.
eON-FED'ER-A-TING, ppr. Uniting in a leasue.
eON-FED-ER-A'TION, n. [Fr. confederation.) 1. The act
of confederating ; a league ; a compact for mutual sup-
port ; alliance, particularly of princes, nations or states.
2. The United States of America are sometimes called the
confederation.
€ON-FER', V. i. [Fr. conferer.] To discourse ; to converse ;
to consult together ; implying conversation on some seri-
ous or important subject, in distinction from mere talk, or
light, familiar conversation.
€ON FER', V. t. 1. To give, or bestow ; followed by on.
2. To compare ; to examine by comparison ; literally, to
T>r"i!T together ; [o&s.] [See Compare.] 3. To contribute ;
to conduce to ; that is, to bring to ; fobs.]
eON'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr. conference.) 1. Tlie act of con-
versing on a serious subject ; a discoursing between two
or more, for the purpose of instruction, consultation, or
deliberation ; formal discourse ; oral discussion. 2. A
meeting for consultation, discussion or instruction. 3.
Comparison ; examination of things by comparison j
[obsJ
eON-FER'RED, (kon-ferd') pp. Given ; imparted ; be-
stowed.
€ON-FER'RER, n. One who confers ; one who converses ;
one who bestows.
eON-FER'RING, ppr. Conversing together ; bestowing.
eON-FER'RING, n. 1. The act of bestowing. 2. Compari-
son ; examination.
eON-FER'VA, n. In botany, hairweed.
€ON-FESS', V. t. [Fr. confesser.] 1. To own, acknowledge
or avow, as a crime, a fault, a charge, a debt, or some-
thing that is against one's interest, or reputation.— 2. In
the Catholic church, to acknowledge sins and faults to a
priest ; to disclose the state of the conscience to a priest,
in private, with a view to absolution ; sori)etimes with the
reciprocal pronoun. 3. To own, avow or acknowledge ;
publicly to declare a belief in and adherence to. 4. To
own and acknowledge, as true disciples, friends or cliil-
dren. 5. To own ; to acknowledge ; to declare to be true,
or to admit or assent to in words ; opposed to deny. 6. To
show by the effect ; to prove ; to attest. 7. To hear or re-
ceive the confession of another.
eON-FESS', V. i. To make confession ; to disclose faults, or
the state of the conscience.
eON-FESS'ANT, n. One who confesses to a priest.
(■ €ON-FESS'A-RY, n. One who makes a confession.
eOX-FESS'ED, (kon-fesf) pp. Owned ; acknowledged ; de-
clared to be true ; admitted in words ; avowed ; admitted
to disclose t j a priest.
CON-FESS'LD-LY, adn. 1. By confession or acknowledg-
ment ; avowedly ; undeniably. 2. With avowed pur-
pose.
eON-FESS'ING, ppr. Owning; avowing; declaring to be
true or real ; granting or admitting by assent ; receiving
disclosure of sins, or the state of the conscience of another.
eON-FES'SION, n. 1. The acknowledgment of a crime,
fault, or something to one's disadvantage ; open declara-
tion of guilt, failure, debt, accusation, &c. 2. Avciwal ;
the act of acknowledging ; profession. 3. The act of dis-
closing sins or faults to a priest ; the disburdening of the
conscience privately to a confessor ; sometimes called au-
ricular confession. 4. A formulary in which the articles
of faith are comprised ; a creed. 5. The acknowledgment
of a debt by a debtor before a justice of the peace, &c., on
which judgment is entered and execution issued.
€ON-FES'SION-AL, n. The seat where a priest or ccmfessor
sits to hear confessions ; a confession-chair.
€ON-FES'SION-A-RY, n. [Sp. confesionario.] A confes-
sion-chair, as above
€ON-FES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to auricular confession
eON-FES'SION-IST, n. One who makes a profession of
faith. Mountagu.
*€ON-FESS'OR, n. [Fr. confesseur ,• Sp. confesor.] 1. One
who confesses ; one who acknowledges his sins. 2. One
who makes a profession of his faith in the Christian reli-
gion. The word is appropriately used to denote one who
avows his religion in the face of danger, and adheres to
it in defiance of persecution and torture. 3. A priest ;
one who hears the confessions of others, and has power
to grant them absolution.
€ON-FEST', pp. Owned ; open ; acknowledged ; apparent ;
not disputed.
€ON-FEST'LY, adv. [for confessedly.] Avowedly ; indis-
putably. [Little used.)
t €ON-Fl"CIENT, a. [L. conjiciens.] That causes or pro-
cures.
*€0]V'FI DANT, ) n. [The latter is the regular English or-
CON'FI-DENT, ) thography, as sanctioned by Mitford
and others.] One intrusted with secrets ; a confidential
or bosom friend.
CON-FIDE', V. t. [L. confdo.] To trust ; to rely on, with
a persuasion of faithfulness or veracity in the person trust-
ed, or of the reality of a fact ; to give credit to ; to believe
in, with assurance.
CON-FiDE', V. t. To intrust ; to commit to the charge of,
with a belief in the fidelity of the person intrusted ; to de-
liver iiito possession of another.
€ON-FlD'ED, pp. Intrusted ; committed to the care of, for
preservation, or for performance or exercise.
CON'FI-DENCE, ?!. [L. confidentia.) 1. A trusting, or re-
liance ; an assurance of mind or firm belief in the integri-
ty, stability or veracity of another, or in the truth and re-
ality of a fact. 2. Trust ; reliance ; belief in one's own
competency. 3. That in which trust is placed ; ground
of trust ; he or that which supports. 4. Safety, or assur-
ance of safety ; security. 5. Boldness ; courage. 6. Ex-
cessive boldness ; assurance, proceeding from vanity or a
false opinion of one's own abilities or excellencies.
€OX'FI-DENT, a. 1. Having full belief ; trusting ; relying ;
fully assured. 2. Positive; dogmatical. 3. Trusting;
without suspicion. 4. Bold to a vice ; having an excess
of assurance.
CON'FI-DENT, n. One intrusted with secrets ; a confiden-
tial or bosom friend . Mitford.
€ON-FI-DEN'TIAL, a. 1. Enjoying the confidence of an-
other ; trusty ; that may be safely trusted. 2. That is to
be treated or kept in confidence ; private. 3. Admitted
to special confidence.
€ON-FI-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In confidence; in reliance
or secrecy.
€ON'FI-DENT-LY, adv. With firm trust ; with strong as-
surance ; without doubt or wavering of opinion ; posi-
tively.
€ON'FI-DENT-NESS, n. Confidence ; the quality or state
of having full reliance.
CON-FID'ER, n. One who confides ; one who intrusts to
another.
€ON-FIG'U-RATE, v. i. [L. configjiro.) To show like the
aspects of the planets towards each other.
€ON-FIG-U-Ra'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. External form, figure,
shape ; the figure which bounds a body. 2. Aspects of
tlie planets ; or the face of the horoscope, according to the
aspects of the planets toward each other at any time. 3.
Resemblance of one figure to another.
CON-FIG'URE, V. t. [L. configure.'] To form ; to dispose
in a certain form, figure or shape.
CON-FiN'A-BLE, a. That may be confined or limited.
CON'FINE, V. [L. confinis.] Border ; edge ; exterior part ;
the part of any territory which is at or near the end or ex-
tremity. It is used generally in the plural.
CON'FINE, a. Bordering on ; lying on the border ; adja-
cent ; having a common boundary.
CON'FINE, V. i. [Fr. confiner.] To border on ; to touch the
limit ; to be adjacent or contiguous, as one territory, king-
dom or state to another.
CON-FINE', V. t. [Sp. confinar.] 1. To bound or limit ; to
restrain within limits ; hence, to imprison ; to shut up ; to
restrain. 2. To immure; to keep close, by a voluntary
act. 3. To limit or restrain voluntarily, in some act or
practice. 4. To tie or bind ; to make fast or close. 5. To
restrain by a moral force.
CON-FlN'ED, (kon-find') pp. Restrained within limits ; im-
prisoned ; limited ; secluded ; close.
CON'FiNE-LESS, a. Boundless ; unlimited ; without end
CON-FINE'MENT, n. 1. Restraint within limits; impris .
onment ; any restraint of liberty by force or other obsta-
cle or necessity. 2. "Voluntary restraint; seclusion
3. Voluntary restraint in action or practice 4. Restraint
from going abroad by sickness, particularly by child-birth
See Synopsis A, E, T, 6, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
CQN
]77
CON
€ON-PTN'ER, n. He or that which limits or restrains.
€ON'FlN-ER, w. 1. A borderer; one who lives on con-
fines, or near the border of a country. 2. He or that
which is near the limit ; a near neighbor ; lie or that
which is adjacent or contiguous.
€ON-FlN'ING, ppr. Restraining ; limiting ; imprisoning.
€0N-FIN'1-TY, n. [L. confinitas.] Contiguity ; nearness ;
neighborhood. Diet.
€ON-FiRM', V. t. [L. confirmo.] 1, To make firm, or
more firm; to add strength to; to strengthen. 2. To fix
more firmly ; to settle or establish. 3. To make firm or
certain ; to give new assurance of truth or certainty ; to
put past doubt. 4. To fix; to radicate. 5. To strength-
en ; to ratify. 6. To make more firm ; to strengthen. 7.
To admit to the full privileges of a Christian, by the impo-
sition of hands.
eON-FiRM'A-BLE, a. That may be confirmed, established
or ratified ; capable of being made more certain.
eON-FIRM-A'TlON, n. 1. The act of confirming or estab-
lishing; a fixing, settling, establishing or making more
certain or firm ; establishment. 2. The act of ratifying.
3. The act of giving new strength. 4. The act of giving
new evidence. 5. That which confirms ; that which
gives new strength or assurance ; additional evidence ;
proof; convincing testimony. — 6. In /aw, an assurance of
title, by the conveyance of an estate or right in es^c,
from one man to another, by which a voidable estate is
made sure or unavoidable, or a particular estate is in-
creased, or a possession made perfect. — 7. In clmrck af-
fairs, the act of ratifying the election of an archbishop or
bishop, by the king, or by persons of his appointment.
8. The act or ceremony of laying on of hands, in the ad-
mission of baptized persons to the enjoyment of Christian
privileges.
€ON-FiRM'A-TlVE, a. Having the power of confirming ;
tending to establish.
eON-FIRM-A'TOR, n. He or that which confirms.
€ON-FiRM'A-TO-RY, a. 1. That serves to confirm; giv-
ing additional strength, force or stability, or additional as-
surance or evidence. 2. Pertaining to the rite of confirm-
ation.
eON-FiRM'ED, (kon-fermd') pp. 1. Made more firm;
strengthened ; established. 2. Admitted to the full priv-
ileges of the church.
€ON-FiRM'ED-NESS, n. A fixed state.
€ON-PlRM'ER, n. He or that which confirms, establishes
or ratifies ; one that produces new evidence ; an at-
tester.
€ON-FiRM'ING, ppr. Making firm or more firm ; strength-
ening; ratifying; giving additional evidence or proof;
establishing.
€ON-FiRM'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to strengthen or
make firm.
eON-FIS'€A-BLE, a. That may be confiscated; liable to
forfeiture. Browne.
* €ON'FIS-€ATE, or €ON-FIS'€ATE, v. t. [L. confisco.]
To adjudge to be forfeited to the public treasury.
* €ON'FI&-€ATE, a. Forfeited and adjudged to the public
treasuiy, as the goods of a criminal.
* €ON'FIS-eA-TED, pp. Adjudged to the public treasury,
as forfeited goods or estate.
* €ON'FIS-€A-TING, ppr. Adjudging to the public use.
€ON-FIS-€a'TION, n. The act of condemning as forfeited,
and adjudging to the publlo treasury.
€ON'FIS-€A-TOR, n. One who confiscates.
€ON-FIS'eA-TO-RY, a. Consigning to forfeiture. Burke.
eON'FIT, n. A sweetmeat. See Confect.
€ON'FI-TENT, n. [L, confitens.] One who confesses his
sins and faults. [JVot rmich used.]
€ON'FI-TURE, n. [Fr.] A sweetmeat ; confection ; comfit.
Bacon.
CON-FIX', V. t. [L. configo.] To fix down ; to fasten, Shak.
eON-FIX'ED, (kon-fiksf) pp. Fixed down or to ; fastened.
eON-FIX'ING, ppr. Fixing to or on ; fastening.
CON-FIX'URE, n. The act of fastening.
CON-FLa'GRANT, a. ['L.coiiflagrans.] Burning together;
involved in a common flame.
€ON-FLA-GRa'TION, n. [L. conflagratic] 1. A great
fire, or the burning of any great mass of combustibles, as
a house, but more especially a city or a forest. 2. The
burning of the world at the consummation of things.
€ON-FLa'TION, n. [L, conflatio.] 1. The act of blowing
two or more instruments together. 2. A melting or cast-
ing of metal. [Little used.]
t €0N-FLEX URE, n. A bending.
eON'FLICT, n. [L. conflictus.] 1. A striking or dashing
against each other, as of two moving bodies in opposition ;
violent collision of substances. 2. A fighting ; combat,
as between men, and applicable to individuals or to ar-
mies. 3. Contention; strife; contest. 4. A struggling
with difiiculties ; a striving to oppose, or overcome. 5. A
struggling of the mind ; distress ; anxiety. 6. The last
struggle of life ; agony. 7. Opposing operations ; counter-
vailing action ; collision ; opposition.
CON-FLICT', V. i. To strike or dash against ; to meet and
oppose, as bodies driven by violence. 2. To drive or
strike against, as contending men or armies ; to fight ; to
contend with violence. 3. To strive or struggle to resist
and overcome. 4. To be in opposition, or contradictory
€0N-FLICT'1NG, ppy. 1. Striking or dashing together;
fighting ; contending ; struggling to resist and overcome.
2. a. Being m opposition ; contrary ; contradictory.
CON'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. covfluentia.] 1. A flowing to
gether ; the meeting or junction of two or more streams
of water, or other fluid; also, the place of meeting. 2.
The running together of people ; the act of meetiiig and
crowding in a place ; a crowd ; a concourse 3 A collec-
tion ; meeting ; assemblage.
CON'FLU-ENT, a. [L. covfluens.] 1. Flowing together
meetmg in their course, as two streams. — 2. In medical
science, running together, and spreading over a large sur-
face of the body. — 3. In botany, united at the base ; grow-
ing in tufts.
eON'FLUX, 71. [Low L. co?i^7mo.] 1. A flowing togeth-
er, a meeting of two or more currents of a fluid. 2. A
collection ; a crowd ; a multitude collected.
eON-FLUX-1-BIL'I-TY, n. The tendency of fluids to run
together. [Little used.] Boyle.
CON-FORM', a. [L. conformis.] Made to resemble ; assum-
ing the same form ; like ; resembling. [L. u.] Bacon.
CON-FORM', V. t. [L. conformo.] 1. To make like, in ex-
ternal appearance ; to reduce to a like shape, or form,
with somethmg else ; with to. 2. More generally, to re-
duce to a likeness or coirespondence in manners, opinions
or moral qualities. 3. To make agreeable to; to square
witJi a rule or directory.
CON-FORM', V. i. To comply with, or yield to ; to live or
act according to. 2. To comply with ; to obey.
CON-FORM' A-BLE, a. I. Coirespondent ; having the
same or similar external form or shape ; like ; resem-
bling. 2. Having the same or similar manners, opinions,
or moral qualities. 3. Agreeable ; suitable ; consistent.
4. Compliant ; ready to follow directions ; submissive *
obsequious ; peaceable ; disposed to obey.
CON-FORM' A- ELY, adv. With or in conformity ; suitably;
agreeably.
CON-FORM-a'TION, n. The manner in which a body i3
formed ; the particular texture or structure of a body, or
disposition of the parts which compose it ; fonn ; struc-
ture. 2. The act of conforming; the act of producing
suitableness, or conformity. — 3 In medical science, the
particular make or construction of the body peculiar to an
individual.
CON-FORM'ED, (kon-formd') pp. Made to resemble ; re-
duced to a likeness of; made agreeable to ; suited.
CON-FORM'ER, n. One who conforms ; one who complies
with established forms or doctrines.
CON-FORM'ING, ppr. Reducing to a likeness; adapting;
complying with.
CON-FORM'IST, n. One who conforms or complies ; appro-
priately, one who complies with the worship of the
church of England, or of the established church, as distin-
guished from a Dissenter, or JVonconformist.
€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Likeness ; correspondence with a
model in form or manner ; resemblance ; agreement ; con-
gruity with something else. 2. Consistency ; agreement.
— 3. In theology, correspondence in manners and princi-
ples ; compliance with customs.
I CON-FOR-Ta'TION, n. The act of comforting or giving
strength. Bacon.
CON-FOUND', V. t. [Fr. confondre.] 1. To mingle and
blend diflerent things, so that their forms or natures can-
not be distinguished ; to mix in a mass or crowd, so that
individuals cannot be distinguished. 2. To throw into
disorder. 3. To mix or blend, so as to occasion a mistake
of one thing for another. 4. To perplex; to disturb the
apprehension by indistinctness of ideas or words. 5.
To abash ; to throw the mind into disorder ; to cast
down; to make ashamed. 6. To perplex with terror;
to terrify ; to dismay ; to astonish ; to throw uito conster-
nation ; to stupify with amazement. 7. To destroy ; to
overthrow.
CON-FOUND'ED, pp. 1. Mixed or blended in disorder;
perplexed ; abashed ; dismayed ; put to shame and si-
lence; astonished. 2. a. Enormous; [vulgar.]
€ON-FOUND'ED-LY, adv. Enormously; greatly; shame-
fully, [ji low word.]
€ON-FOUND'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded.
Milton.
€ON-FOUND'ER, n. One who confounds; one who dis-
turbs the mind, perplexes, refutes, frustrates and puts to
shame or silence ; one who terrifies.
€ON-FOUNI>ING, ppr. Mixing and blending ; putting into
disorder ; perplexing ; disturbing the mind ; abashing ana
putting to shame and silence ; astonishing.
€ON-FRA-TER'NI-TY, n. [It. confraternitd.] A brother
hood ; a society or body of men, united for some purpose
or in some profession.
* See Synopsis. MOVE. BQOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete,
CON
178
CON
€ON-FRI-€a'TION, n. [It. confrieazione.] A rubbing
against; friction. Bacon.
€ON-FRI'ER, re. [Fr. confrere.] One of the same religious
order. JVcever.
*€0N-FR6NT', w. t. [It. confrontare.] 1. To stand face
to face in full view ; to face ; to stand in front. 9. To
stand m dn-ect opposition ; to oppose. 3. To set face to
face ; to bring into the presence of; as an accused person
and a witness, in court, for examinition and discovery of
the truth ; followed by with. 4 7 o set togetlier for com-
parison , to compare one thing with another.
€ON-FRON-Ta'TION, n. The act of bringing two persons
into the presence of eacli other for examination and dis-
covery of truth.
* €0N-FR6NT'ED, pp. Set face to face, or in opposition ;
brought into the presence of.
* eON-FR6NT'ING, i)pr. Setting or standing face to face, or
in opposition, or in presence of.
* eON-FRoNT'MENT, n. Comparison. Oley.
eON-FuSE', V. t. [L. confiis7is.] 1. To mix or blend things,
so that they cannot be distinguished. 2. To disorder.
3. To perplex ; to render indistinct. 4. To throw the
mmd into'disorder; to ca?t down or abasli; to cause to
blush ; to agitate by surprise, or shame ; to disconcert.
CON-FuSE', a. Mixed ; confounded. Barret.
€ON-FuS'ED, (kon-fuzd') pp. 1. Mixed ; blended, so that
the things or persons mixed cannot be distinguished. 2.
Perplexed by disorder or want of system. 3. Abashed ;
put to the blush or to shame ; agitated ; disconcerted.
€ON-F0S'ED-LY, adv. In a mixed niass ; without order or
separation ; indistmctly ; not clearly ; tumultuously ; with
agitation of mind ; without regularity or system.
€ON-FuS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being confused ; want
of order, distinction or clearness.
eON-FuSE'LY, adv. Obscurely. Barret.
eON-Fu'SION, (kon-fu'zhuu) n. 1. A mixture of several
things promiscuously; hence, disorder; irregularity. 2,
Tumult ; want of order in society. 3. A blending or con-
founding ; indistinct combination ; opposed to distinctness
or perspicuity. 4. Abashment; shame. 5. Astonish-
ment ; agitation ; perturbation ; distraction of mind. 6.
Overthrow ; defeat ; ruin. 7. A shameful blending of
natures : a sliocking crime.
€ON-FCTA-BLE, a. That may be confuted, disproved or
overthrown • that may be shown to be false, defective or
invalid
eON-Fu'TANT, TO One who confutes or undertakes to con-
fute. Milton
CON-FU-TaTION, n. The act of confuting, disproving or
proving to be false, or invalid ; refutation ; overthrow.
€0N-FuTE', v. t. [1j. confiito.] 1. To disprove ; to prove
to be false, defective or invalid ; to overthrow. 9. To prove
to be wrong ; to convict of error, by argument or proof.
C(^N-FuT ED, pp. Disproved ; proved to he false, defective
or unsound : overthi-own by argument, fact or proof.
€ON-FuTER n One who disproves or confutes.
€ON-PtjT'ING, p2«'. Disproving; proving to be false, de-
fective or iiivalid ; overthrowing by argument or proof.
t eON-FuTE'MENT, n. Disproof. Milton.
*€ON'(jE, (kon'jee) 7i. [Fi. conge.] 1. Leave; farewell;
parting ceremony. 2. The act of respect performed at
the parting of friends. Hence, the customary act of civil-
ity on_other occasions ; a bow or courtesy.
€0N-GE .v.i. To take leave with the customary civilities ;
to bow or courtesy.
€ON-GE-D'-E-LiRE', (kon-je-de-leer') In ecclesiastical af-
fairs, the king's license or permission to a dean and chap-
ter, to choose a bishop ; or to an abbey or priory of his own
foundation to choose their abbot or prior-
CON'6E, n. In architecture, a mold in form of a quarter
round, or a cavetto, which serves to separate two members
from one another. Also, a ring or ferrule, formes-ly used
on the^ extremities of columns.
€ON-GeAL', v. t. [L. congdu.] 1. To change from a flu-
id to a solid state, as by cold, or a loss of heat, a,s water in
freezing, liquid metal or wax in cooling, blood in stagnat-
ing or cooling, &,c. ; to harden into ice, or into a substance
of less soliditv. 2. Tc bind or fix with cold.
eON^GK A.L,i;. i. To grow hard, stiff or thick; to pass
from a fluirt to a solid state ; to concrete into a solid mass.
€OiV-CTF.AL'A-BLE, a. Tlint may be coygealed ; capable
of behig converted from a fluid to a solid state.
CON-OikAL ED, (kon-jee!d')7},». (Converted into ice, or a solid
mass,_by the loss d neat, or other process ; concreted.
OSJN-GeAL'ING vxtr Cnanging from a liquid to a solid
stale :_c5hcreting.
€0!V-(!jkAL'MENT 11. A clot or concretion ; that which is
lormea bv conge.ation Also, congelation.
eON-GE-l/A'TfON. n. [h.congelatio.] The process of pass-
ing, or tna act f converting, from a fluid to a s;olid state ;
or the slat of beinc congealed ; concretion.
teON-GEM l-r>rA'Tl6N, n. A doubling or often repeating.
eON-OEfNER, n. [L. cnnsrcner. j A thing of the same kind
or nature.
€0N-6e'NER, or €ON-GEN'ER-OUS, a Of the same
kind or nature ; allied in origin or cause.
OON-GEJM'Eit-A-CY, n. Similarity of origin.
€ON-GE-NER'I€. a. Being of the same kind or nature.
eON-OEN'ER-OUS-NESS, n. The (,uality of being from
the same original, or of belonging to the same class.
€ON-Ge'NI-AL, a. [L. con and genus.] I. Partaking of
the same genus, kind or nature ; kindred ; cognate. 2.
Belonging to the nature ; natural ; agreeable to the na-
ture. 3. Natural ; agreeable to the nature ; adapted.
€0N-GE-NI-AL'I-TY, ) n. Participation of the same ge-
€ON-(jE'NI-AL-NESS, \ nus, nature or original ; cogna-
tion ; natural affinity ; suitableness.
t€0N-6E'NI-0US, a. Of the same kind
€ON-6EN'ITE, or €0N-6ENa-TAL, a [L. con(renitus ]
Of tJie same birth ; born with another ; connate ; uegotten
together.
eON'GER, (kong'gur) n. [L. conger, or congrus.] The sea-
eel ; a large species of eel.
€ON-GE'Rl-ES, 71. [L.] A collection of several particles or
bodies in one mass or aggregate.
OON-GEST', V. t. [L. congero, congestum.] To collect or
gather into a mass or aggregate.
eON-OSST'I-BLE, a. That may be collected into a mass.
eON-GES'TION, n. [L. congestio.] A collection of humors
in an animal body, hardened into a tumor. An accumu-
lation of blood in a part.
€0A''(5l-A-RY, 7J. [L. congiarmm.] Properly, a present
made by the Roman emperors to the people, originally in
corn or wine, measured out to them in a congius.
€ON-GLa'CIATE, v. i. [L. conglacio.] To turn to ice ; to
freeze.
€ON-GLA-CI-A'TION, 7i. The act of changing into ice, or
the state of being converted to ice; a freezing; congela-
tion.
CON-GLo'BATE, a. [h. conglobatus.] Formed or gathered
into a ball.
€ON-GLo'BATE, v.t. To collect or form into a ball or
bard, round substance.
€ON-GLo'BA-TED, jjp. Collected or formed into a ball.
€ON-GLo'BATE-LY, adv. In a round or roundish form.
CON-GLO-Ba'TION, 71. The act of forming into a ball ; a
round body.
€ON-GLoBE', v. t. [L. congloho.] To gather into a ball ;
to collect into a round mass.
eON-GLoBE', V. i. To collect, unite or coalesce in a round
mass.
eON-GLoB'ED, (kon-globd') pp. Collected into a ball.
€ON-GLoB'ING, ppr. Gathering into a round mass or ball.
€ON-GLOB'U-LATE, v. i. To gather into a little round
mass or globule.
€ON-GLOM'ER-ATE, a. [L, conglomero.] 1. Gathered
into a ball or round body. 2. lii botany, conglomerate
flowers grow on a branching peduncle or foot stalk, on
short pedicles, closely compacted together without order.
3. Conglomerate rocks. See Pudding-stone.
€ON-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. To gather into a ball or round
body ; to collect into a round mass.
€ON-GLOM'ER-ATE, n. In mmeraZoq-?/, a sort of pudding-
stone, or coarse sand-stone, composed of pebbles of quartz,
flint, siliceous slate, &c.
eON-GEOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Gathered into a ball or round
mass.
CON-GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Collecting into a ball,
eON-GLOM-ER-A'TION, n. The act of gathering into a
ball ; the state of being thus collected ; collection : accu-
mulation.
€ON-GLu'TI-NANT, a. Gluing ; uniting ; healing.
eON-GLtJ'TI-NANT, n. A medicine that heals wounds.
€ON-GLu'Tl-NATE, v. t. [L, conglutina.] 1. To glue to-
gether ; to unite by some glutinous or tenacious substance
2. To heal ; to unite the separated parts of a wound liy
a tenacious substance.
€ON-GLu'Tl-NATE, v. i. To coalesce ; to unite by the in-
tervention of a callus.
€ON-GLu'TI-NA-TED, pp. Glued together ; united by a
tenacious substance.
€ON-GLu'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Gluing Together j uniting or
closing by a tenacious substance.
€ON-GLU-TI-Na'TiON, n. The act of gluing together ; a
joining by means of some tenacious substance ; a healing
by uniting the parts of a wound ; tinion.
eON-GLu'TI-NA-TiVE, a. Having the power of uniting
by giuc^ or other substance of like nature.
eON-GLu'TI-NA-TOR, n. That v^hich has the power ot
uniting wounds.
CON'GO, (kong'go) n. A species of tea from China.
CON-GRAT'U-LAJMT, a. Rejoicing in participation.
eON-GRAT'fJ-LATE, v. t. [L, congratulor.] To profess
one's pleasure or joy to another on account of an event
deemed happy or fortunate, as on the birth of a child, suc-
cess in an enterprise, victory, escape from danger, &;c. *
to wish joy to another.
CON-GRAT'U-LATE, v. i. To rejoice in participation. Swift
* See Synopsis, a E., I, O, U, Y, long.—FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
CON
179
CON
€ON-GRAT'U-LA-TED, pp. Complimented with expres-
sions of joy at a happy event.
€ON-GRAT'U-LA-TlJNG, ppr. Professing one's joy or
satisfaction on account of some happy event, prosperity or
success.
€ON-GRAT-U-La'TION, n. The act of professing one's
joy or good wishes at the success or happiness of anotiier,
or on account of an event deemed fortunate to both par-
ties, or to the community.
€OiM-GRAT'U-LA-TOR, n. One who oifers congratula-
tion.
€ON-GRAT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy for the good
fortune of another, or for an event fortunate for both par-
ties, or for the community.
t€ON-GREE', «. i. To agree,. Shak.
t €'ON-GREET', v. t. To salute mutually. Shale.
€ON'GRE-GATE, v. t. [L. congrego.] To collect separate
persons or things into an assemblage ; to assemble 3 to
bring into one place, or iiito a crowd or united body.
€ON'GRE-GATE, v. i. To come together ; to assemble ; to
meet. Denham.
€ON'GRE-GATE, a. Collected 5 compact ; close. [Little
used.] Bacon.
COATGRE-GA-TED, pp. Collected ; assembled in one place.
€ON'GRE-GA-TING, ppr. Collecting ; assembling ; coming
together,
COW-GRE-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of bringing together,
or assembling. 2. A collection or assemblage of separate
things. 3. More generally, an assembly of persons ;
and, appropriately, an assembly of persons met for the
worship of God. 4. An assembly of rulers. JVamb.xxxv.
5. An assembly of ecclesiastics or cardinals appointed by
the pope. Also, a company or society of religious can-
toned out of an order. 6. An academical assembly for
transacting business of the university.
€ON-GRE-Ga'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a congregation ;
appropriately used of such Christians as hold to church
government by consent and election, maintaining that
each congregation is independent of others, and has the
right to choose its own pastor, and govern itself.
€ON-GRE-GA'TION-AL-iSM, n. Ecclesiastical govern-
ment in the hands of each church, as an independent
body.
CON-GRE-Ga'TION-AL-IST, n. One who belongs to a
congregational church or society
CON'GRESS, 71. [L,. congressus.] 1. A meeting of individ-
uals ; an assembly of envoys, commissioners, deputies,
&c., particularly a meeting of the representatives of sever-
al courts, to concert measures for their common good, or
to adjust tJieir mutual concerns. 2. The assembly of
delegates of the several British colonies in America,
which united to resist the claims of Great Britain in 1774.
3. The assembly of the delegates of the several United
States, after the declaration of independence, in 1776, and
until the adoption of the present constitution. 4. The
assembly of senators and representatives of the several
states of North America, according to the present consti-
tution, or political compact, by which they are united in
a federal republic. 5. A meeting of two or more persons
in a contest ; an encounter ; a conflict. 6. I'he meeting
of the sexes in sexual commerce,
t CON-GRES'SION, n. A company.
eON-GRES'SlON-AL, a. Pertaining to a congress, or to
the congress of the United States. Barlow.
eON-GRES'SIVE, a. 1. Meeting, as the sexes. 2. Encoun-
tering. . ,
f CON-GRtJE', V. i. To agree. Shak.
eON'GRU-ENCE, ) n. [L. congruentia.] Suitableness of
€ON-GRu'EN-CY, \ one thing to another ; agreement ;
consistency.
eON'GRU-ENT, a. Suitable ; agreeing ; correspondent.
Davies.
€ON-GRu'I-TY, n. 1. Suitableness; the relation of agree-
ment between things. 2. Fitness ; pertinence. 3. Rea-
son ; consistency ; propriety. 4. In school divinity, the
good actions which are supposed to render it meet and
equitable that God should confer grace on those who per-
form them. — 5. In geometry, figures or lines, which, wlien
laid over one another, exactly correspond, are in congruity.
t CON'GRU-MENT, n. Fitness ; adaptation.
eON'GRU-OUS, a. [L. congmus.] 1. Suitable ; consistent ;
agreeable to. 2. Rational ; fit.
€ON'GRU-OUS-LY, adv. Suitably; pertinently; agreea-
bly ; consistently, Boyle.
eON'IC, ) a. [L. conicus.] 1. Having the form of a
eON'I-CAL, \ cone ; round, and decreasing to a point.
2. Pertaining to a cone. — Conic section, a curve line form-
ed by the intersection of a cone and plane. The conic
sections are the parabola, hyperbola, and ellipsis.
eON'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the form of a cone.
€ON'I-€AJ^NESS, n. The state or quality of being conical.
eON'ICS, n. That part of geometry which treats of the cone
and the curves which arise from its sections.
€0-NIF'ER-OUS, a, [L. conifer, coniferus.] Bearing cones ;
producing hard, dry, scaly seed-vessels of a conical figure
as the pine, fir, cypress and beech.
eo'NI-FORM, a. In form of a cone ; conical.
€ON'I-SOR. SeeCoGNisoK.
Co'NITE, n. [Gr. Kovis.] A mineral, of an ash or greenish-
gray color.
t €ON-JE€T', V. t. To throw together, or to throw.
t€ON-JE€T', v.i. To guess. Shak.
€ON-JE€T'OR, ?i. [L.] One who guesses or conjectures
Sicifl.
€ON-JE€T'U-RA-BLE, a. That may be guessed or con-
jectured.
€ON-JE€T'U-RAL, a Depending on conjecture ; done or
said by guess.
t€ON-JE€T-U RAL'I-TY, 31. That which depends upon
guess. Brown.
€ON-JE€T'U-RAL-LY, adv. Without proof, or evidence ,
by conjecture ; by guess.
CON-JECT'URE, n. [L. conjectura.] 1. Literally, a cast-
ing or throwing together of possible or probable events,
or a casting of the mind to something future, or something
past, but unknown ; a guess ; preponderance of opinion
without proof ; surmise. 2. Idea; notion.
CON-JECT'URE, v. i. To guess ; to judge by guess, or by
the probability or the possibility of a fact, or by very slight
evidence ; to form an opinion at random.
€ON-JECT'URED, pp. Guessed ; surmised.
CON-JECT'UR-ER, n. One who guesses ; a guesser ; one
who forms or utters an opinion without proof.
CON-JECT'UR-ING, ppr. Guessing ; surmising.
CON-JOB'BLE, V. t. To settle ; to concert. A cant tcord.
CON-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. conjoindre.] 1. To join together,
without any thing intermediate; to unite two or more
persons or things in close connection. 2. To associate, or
connect.
CON-JOIN', V. i. To unite ; to join ; to league. Shak.
€ON-JOIN'ED, (kon-joind') pp. Joined to or with ; united
associated.
CON-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joinmg together ; uniting ; connect
ing.
CON-JOINT', a. United ; connected ; associate. — Conjoint
degrees, in miisic, two notes which follow each other im-
mediately in the order of the scale. — Conjoint tctrachords,
two tetrachords or fourths, where the same chord is the
highest of one and the lowest of the other.
CON-JOINT'LY, adv. Jointly ; unitedly ; in union ; to-
gether.
CON'JU-GAL, a. [L. conjugalis.] 1. Belonging to mar-
riage ; matrimonial ; connubial. 2. Suitable to the mar-
ried state ; becoming a husband in relation to his consort,
or a consort in relation to her husband.
CON'JU-GAL-LY, ado. Matrimonially; connubially.
CON'JU-GATE, V. t. [L. conjugo.] 1. To join ; to unite in
marriage; [not now used.] — 2. In g-ramwar, to distribute
the parts or inflections of a verb into the several voices,
modes, tenses, numbers and persons.
CON'JU-GATE, n. A word agreeing in derivation with
another word, and therefore generally resembling it in
signification.
CON'JU-GATE, a. In botany, a conjugate leaf is a pinnate
leaf which has only one pair of leaflets. — Conjugate diam-
eter or axis, in geometry, a right line bisecting the trans
verse diameter ; the shortest of the two diameters of an
ellipsis.
CON-JU-Ga'TION, n. [L. conjugatic] 1. A couple or
pair ; [little used.] Brown. 2. The act of uniting or com
piling ; union ; assemblage. Bentley. — 3. In granimar,
the distribution of the several inflections or variations of
a verb, in their different voices, modes, tenses, numbers
and persons ; a connected scheme of all the derivative
forms of a verb.
CON-JUNCT', a. [L. conjunctus.] Conjoined ; united ,
concurrent. Shak.
CON-JUNCTION, n. [1^. conjunctio.] 1. Union; connec
tion ; association by treaty or otherwise. Bacon.— '2. In as-
tronomy, the meeting of two or more stars or planets in
the same degree of the zodiac. — A. In grammar, a con-
nective or connecting word. 4. The copulation of the
sexes.
CON-JUNC'TIVE, a. 1. Closely united. Shak. 2. Uniting ;
serving to unite. — 3. In grammar, the conjunctive mode is
that which follows a conjunction, or expresses some con-
dition, or contingency. It is more generally called siib
junctive.
CON-JUNC'TIVE-LY, adv. In conjunction, or union ; to-
gether.
CON-JUNC'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of conjoining ot
uniting.
CON-JUNCT'LY, adv. In union ; jointly ; together.
eON-JUNCT'URE, n. [Fr. conjoncture.] 1. A joining; a
combination or union, as of causes, events or circum-
stances. 2. An occasion ; a critical time, proceeding from
a union of circumstances, 3. Union ; connection ; mode
of union. 4. Connection; union; consistency.
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoleU .
CON
180
CON
€6N-JU-Ra'TI0N, n. The act of using certain words or
ceremonies to obtain the aid of a superior being ; the act
of summoning in a sacred name ; the practice of arts to ex-
pel evil spirits, allay storms, or perform supernatural or
extraordinary acts.
€ON-JuRE', V. t. [L, conjuro.] 1. To call on or summon
by a sacred name, or in a solemn manner ; to implore
with solemnity. 2. To bmd two or more by an oath ; to
unite in a common design. Hence, intransitiveLy, to con-
spire ; [not iisual.l
€oN'JURE, V. t. To expel, to drive or to affect in some
manner, by magic arts, as by invoking the Supreme Being,
or by the use of certain words, characters or ceremonies,
to engage supernatural influence.
€6N' JURE, V. L 1 . To practice the arts of a conjurer ; to
use arts to engage the aid of spirits in performing some
extraordinary act.— 2. In a vulgar s&nse, to behave very
strangely ; to act like a witch ; to play tricks.
€ON-JtFR'ED, (kon-jurd') pp. Bound by an oath.
€ON-JuRE'MENT, a. Serious injunction ; solemn demand.
Jlilton. . ,
eON'JUR-ER, n. One who practices conjuration ; one who
pretends to the secret art of performing things supernatural
or extraordinary, by the aid of superior powers. IronicaU
ly, a man of shrewd conjecture ; a man of sagacity.
eON-JuRTNG, ppr. Enjoining or imploring solemnly.
eON-NAS'CENCE, 71. [L. con and nascor.'] 1. Tlie com-
mon buth of two or more at the same time ; production of
two or m.ore together. 2. A being born or produced with
another. 3. The act of growing together, or at the same
time.
€ON'NATE, a. [L. con and natus.'] 1. Born with another;
being of the same birth.— 2. In hota^iy, united in origin;
growing from one base ; united into one body.
eON-NAT'U-RAL, a. 1. Connected by nature ; united in
nature ; born with another. 2. Participating of the same
nature.
€ON-NAT-U-RAL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same na-
ture ; natural union.
eON-NAT'U-RAL-iZE, v.t. To connect by nature; to
make natural. Scott.
eON-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. By the act of nature ; orig-
inally. Hale.
eON-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. Participation of the same na-
ture ; natural union. Pearson.
eON-NEeT', V. t. [L. connecto.] 1. To knit or link to-
gether ; to tie or fasten together. 2. To join or unite ; to
conjoin, in almost any manner, either by junction, by
any intervening means, or by order and relation.
€ON-NE€T', V. i. To join, unite or cohere ; to have a close
relation.
eON-NEf.'TION, n. [L. connexio.] The act of joining, or
state of being joined ; a state of being knit or fastened to-
gether; union by junction, by an intervening substance
or medium, by dependence or relation, or by order in a
series ; a loord of ocry general import.
€ON-NE€T'IVE, a. Having the power of connecting.
€ON-NE€T'IVE, n. In grammar., a word that connects
other words and sentences ; a conjunction. Harris.
€OiV-NE€T'lVE-LY, adv. In union or conjunction ; joint-
ly. Swift.
t€ON-NEX', V. t. [L, connextim.'] To link together; to
join. Hall.
€ON-NEX'ION, n. Connection. [But for the sake of regu-
lar analogy, I have inserted connection, as the derivative
of the Enclish connect, and would discard connexion.]
€ON-NEX'fVE, a. Connective ; having tiie power to con-
nect; uniting; conjunctive. [Little used.]
\€ON-NW-TAiTlON,n. [L.. connicto.] A winking. Diet.
eON-NIV'ANCE, n. Properly, the act of winking. Hence,
figuratively, voluntary blindness to an act ; intentional
forbearance to see a fault or other act, generally implying
consent to it.
€ON-NrVE', V. i. [L. conniveo.} 1. To wink ; to close and
open the eyelids rapidly. 9. In v, figurative sense, to close
the eyes upon a fault or other act ; to pretend ignorance
or blindness ; to forbear to see ; to overlook a fault.
€ON-NI V'EN-CY, n. Connivance, which see.
eON-NIV'ENT, a. 1. Shutting the eyes ; forbearing to see.
— 9.. In anatomy, the connivent valves are those wrinkles,
cellules and vascules, which are found on the inside of
the two intestines, ilium and jejunum. — 3. In botany,
closely united ; converging together. Eaton.
CON-IS*iV'ER, n. One who connives.
€ON-NrV'ING, ppr. Closing the eyes against faults ; per-
mitting faults to pass uncensured.
* €ON-NOIS-SEuR', (kon-nis-sure', or ko-nis-saur') it.
[Fr.] A person well versed in any subject ; a skilful or
knowing person ; a critical judge or master of any art,
particularly of painting and sculpture.
€0N-NOIS-SEtJR'SHIP, n. The skill of a connoisseur.
eON'NO-TATE, v. t. [con and note ; L. noto.] To desig-
nate with something else ; to imply. [Little used.] Ham-
mond.
€0N-N0-Ta'TI0N, n. The act of designating with some-
thing; implication of something beside itself; inference
[Little used.]
€ON-NoTE', v. t. [L. con and nota.] To make known
together ; to imply ; to denote or designate ; to include
[Little v^ed.]
eON-NtJ'BI-AL, a. [L. connubialis.] Pertaining to mar-
riage ; nuptial ; belonging to the state of husband and
wife.
€ON-NU-MER-a'TION, n. A reckoning together.
CON'NU-SANCE, n. [Fr. con7ioissance.] Knowledge. See
Cognizance.
€ON'NU-SANT, a. Knowing; informed; apprized
JSroicne.
CON'NY, a. [W. cono.] Brave ; fine. [Local.] Grose.
eo'NOID, ?i. [Gr. K(j)vo£i5r]S.] 1. In ^eomciry, a solid form-
ed by the revolution of a conic section about its axis. — 2. In
anatomy, a gland in the third ventricle of the brain.
€0-NOID'I€, I a. Pertaining to a conoid ; having the
€0-NOID'I-€AL, \ form of a conoid.
€ON-aUAS'SATE, v. t [L. conquasso.] To shake. [Little
used.] Harvey.
t €ON-aUAS-SA'TION, n. Agitation; concussion. ,
€ON'Q,UER, (kon'ker) v. t. [Fr. conquerir.] 1. To subdue ;
to reduce, by physical force, till resistance is no longer
made ; to overcome ; to vanquish. 2. To gain by force ;
to win ; to take possession by violent means ; to gain do-
minion or sovereignty over. 3. To subdue opposition or
resistance of the will by moral force ; to overcome by ar-
gument, persuasion or other influence. 4. To overcome,
as diihculties ; to surmount, as obstacles ; to subdue what-
ever opposes. 5. To gain or obtain by effort.
€ON'Q,UER, v. i. To overcome ; to gain the victory.
€ON'aUER-A-BLE, a. That may be conquered, overcome
oi^subdued.
€ON'aUER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being overcome.
€ON'(iUEPiED, pp. Overcome ; subdued ; vanquished ;
gained ; won.
€OiN'aUER-ESS, n. A female who conquers 3 a victorious
female.
€ON'Q,UER-ING, ppr. Overcoming ; subduing ; vanquish-
ing ; obtaining.
€ON'Q.UER-OR, n. One who conquers ; one who gains a
victory ; one who subdues and brings into subjection or
possession, by force or by influence.
CON'O-UEST, n. [Fr. conquete.] 1. The act of conquering;
the act of overcoming or vanquishing opposition by force,
physical or mora. . 2. Victory ; success in arms ; Uie
overcoming of opposition. 3. That which is conquered ;
possession gained by force, physical or moral. 4. In a
feudal sense, acquest ; acquisition ; the acquiring of prop-
erty by other means than by inheritance. Blackstone.—5.
In the law of nations, the acquisition of sovereignty by
force of arms. 6. The act of gaining or regaining by effort.
€ON-SAN-GUIN'E-OUS, a. [L. co7isanguineus.] Of the
same blood ; related by birth ; descended from the same
parent or ancestor.
€ON-SAN-GUIN'I-TY, n. [L. consang7iinitas.] The rela-
tion of persons by blood ; the relation or connection of
persons descended from the same stock or common an-
CGStor
€ON-SAE-CIN-A'TION, n. The act of patching together.
Diet.
eON'SCIENCE, (kon'shens) n. [Fr., from L. conscientia.]
1. Internal or self-knowledge, or judgment of right and
wrong ; or the faculty, power or principle within us,
which decides on the lawfulness or unlawfulness of our
own actions and affections, and instantly approves or
condemns them. — It is called by some writers the moral
sense. 2. The estimate or determination of conscience ;
justice ; honesty. 3. Real sentiment ; private thoughts ;
truth. 4. Consciousness ; knowledge of our ovt^n actions
or thoughts. This primary sense of the word is nearly,
perhaps wholly, obsolete. 5. Knowledge of the actions of
others. 6. In ludicrous language, reason or reasonable-
ness. — To make conscience, or a matter of conscience, is
to act according to the dictates of conscience. — Court of
conscience, a court established for the recovery of small
debts in London, and other trading cities and districts.
CON'SCIENCED, a. Having conscience.
tCON'SCIENT, a. Conscious. Bacon.
€ON-SCI-EN'TIOUS, (kon-she-en'shus) a. 1. Influenced
by conscience ; governed by a strict regard to the dic-
tates of conscience, or by the known or supposed rules of
right and wrong. 2. Regulated by conscience ; accord-
ing to th^ dictates of conscience.
€ON-SCI-EN'TIOUS-LY, adv. According to the direction
of conscience ; v/ith a strict regard to right and wrong.
€ON-SCI-EN'TIOUS-NESS, n. A scrupulous regard to the
decisions of conscience ; a sense of justice, and strict con
formity to its dictates.
€ON'SCION-A-BLE, a. According to conscience ; reasona
ble ; just.
€ON'SCION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Reasonableness ; equity.
* See Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, lo7ig.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, EiRD ;
t Obsolete.
CON
181
CON
€0N'SCI01V-A-BLY, adv. In a manner agreeable to con-
science ; reasonably ; justly.
eON'SCIOUS, a. [L. conscius.] 1. Possessing the facul-
ty or power of knowing one's own thoughts, or mental
operations. 2. Knowing from memory, or without extra-
neous information. 3. Knowing by conscience, or inter-
nal perception or persuasion.
€ON'SCIOUS-LY, adv. With knowledge of one 'sown men-
tal operations or actions.
€0N'SC10US-NESS, n. 1. The knowledge of sensations
and mental operations, or of what passes in one's own
mind ; the act of the mind which makes known an inter-
nal object. 2. Internal sense or knowledge of guilt or in-
nocence. 3. Certain knowledge from observation or ex-
perience.
eON'SeRIPT, a. [L. conscriptus.] Written ; enrolled ; as,
conscHpt fathers, the senators of Rome, so called because
tlieir names were written in the register of the senate.
€ON'SeEIPT, n. An enrolled soldier ; a word used in
France.
eON-S€IlIP'TION, m. [h. conscriptio.] 1. An enrolling or
registering. 2 Soldiers or forces levied by enrolling.
eON'SE-CRATE, v. t. [L. consRcro.] 1 To make or
declare to be sacred, by certain ceremonies or rites ; to
appropriate to sacred uses ; to set apart, dedicate, or de-
vote, to the service and worship of God. 2. To canonize ;
to exalt to the rank of a saint ; to enroll among the gods.
3. To set apart and bless the elements in the eucharist. 4.
To render venerable j to make respected.
eON'SE-€RATB, a. Sacred ; consecrated ; devoted ; dedi-
cated.
€ON'SE-€RA-TED, pp. Made sacred by ceremonies or sol-
emn rites J separated from a common to a sacred use ; de-
voted or dedicated to the service and worship of God j
made venerable.
€ON'SE-€RA-TING, ppr. Making sacred ; appropriating to
a sacred use j dedicating to the service of God ; devoting ;
rendering venerable.
€ON-SE-CRa'TION, n. I. The act or ceremony of separat-
ing from a common to a sacred use, or of devoting and
dedicating a person or thing to the service and worship
of God, by certain rites or solemnities. 2. Canonization ;
the act of translating into heaven, and enrolling or num-
bering among the saints or gods ; the ceremony of the
apotheosis of an emperor. 3. The benediction of the ele-
ments in the eucharist ; the act of setting apart and bless-
ing the elements in the communion.
eON'SE-€RA-TOR, n. One who consecrates ; one who per-
forms the rites by which a person or thing is devoted or
dedicated to sacred purposes.
eON'SE-CRA-TO-RY, a. Making sacred. Bp. Morton.
eON'SE€-TA-RY, a. [L. consectarius.] Follov/ing ; conse-
quent ; consequential ; deducible.
eON'SE€-TA-RY, n. That which follows ; consequence ;
deduction from premises ; corollary.
€ON-SE-€u'TION, n. [1.. consecutio.] 1. A following or
sequel ; train of consequences from premises ; series of
deductions. 2. Succession ; series of things that follow
each other. — 3. In astronomy, consecution month is the
space between one conjunction of the moon with the sun
and another.
eON-SE€'U-TiVE, a. [It. consecutivo.] 1. Following in
a train ; succeeding one another in a regular order ; suc-
cessive ; uninterrupted in course or succession. 2. Fol-
lowing ; consequential ; succeeding. 3. Consecutive chords^
in music, imply a succession or repetition of the same con-
sonance in similar motion.
€ON-SE€'U-TiVE-LY, adv. By way of consequence or
succession.
t €ON-SEM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. consemino.] To sow differ-
ent seeds together-. Diet.
€ON-SE-NES'CENCE, )n, [L. conscnesco.] A growing
eON-SE-NES'CEN-CY, \ old ; decay from age. Ray.
eOiy-SEN'SION, n. [L. consensio.] Agreement ; accord.
[Little used.]
CON-SENT', n. [L. consensus.] I. Agreement of the mind
to what is proposed or stated by another ; accord ; hence,
a yielding of the mind or will to that which is proposed.
2. Accord of minds ; agreement ; unity of opinion. 3.
Agreement ; coherence ; correspondence in parts, quali-
ties or operation. 4. In the animal economy, an agree-
ment, or sympathy, by which one affected part of the sys-
tem affects some distant part.
CON-SENT', V. i. [L. consentio.] 1. Literally, to think with
another. Hence, to agree or accord. More generally, to
agree in mind and will ; to yield to what one has the
power, the right, or the disposition, to withhold or refuse
to grant. 2. To agree. 3. To assent.
CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. consentaneus.] Agreeable ;
accordant ; consistent with ; suitable.
CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Agreeably ; consistent-
ly ; suitably.
CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Agreement ; accordance ;
consistency. JDict.
CON-SENT'ER, n. One who consents.
CON-SEN'TIENT, a. [L. conscntiens.] Agreeing in mind j
accordant in opinion.
OON'SE-aUENCE, m. [L. consequentia.] 1. That which
follows from any act, cause, principle or series of actions
Hence, an event or effect produced by some preceding
act or cause. — 2. In logic, a proposition collected from the
agreement of other previous propositions ; the conclusion
which results from reason or argument ; inference ; de-
duction. 3. Connection of cause and effect 5 consecution.
4. Influence ; tendency, as to effects. 5. Importance ;
extensive influence ; distinction — In consequence, by
means of; as the effect of.
eON'SE-aUENT, a. [L. consequens.] 1. Following, as
the natural eftect. 2. Following by necessary inference
or rational deduction
CON'SE-aUENT, n. 1. Effect ; that which follows a cause.
2. That which follows from propositions by rational deduc-
tion ; that which is deduced from reasoning or argument
ation ; a conclusion or inference.
CON-SE-QUEN'TIAL, a. 1. Following as the effect ; pro- ,,
duced by the connection of effects with causes. 2. Hav- %,
ing the consequence justly connected with the premises ;
conclusive. 3. Important. 4. Conceited ; pompous 3 ap-
plied to persons.
CON-SE-aUEN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. With just deduction of
consequences; with right connection of ideas, 2. By
consequence ; not immediately ; eventually. 3. In a reg-
ular series ; in the order of cause and effect. 4. With as-
sumed importance ; with conceit.
CON-SE-aUEN'TlAL-NESS, n. Regular consecution in
discourse.
CON'SE-aUENT-LY, adv. By consequence ; by necessa-
ry connection of effects with their causes ; in consequence
of something.
CON'SE-aUENT-NESS, n. Regular connection of proposi^
tions, following each other; consecution of discourse,
[Little used.]
CON-SER'TION, n, [L. consero.] Junction; adaptation.
Young.
CON-SERV'A-BLE, a. That may be kept or preserved from
decay or injury.
CON-SERV'AN-CY, n. [L. conscrvans.] A court of con-
servancy is held by the lord mayor of London, for the
preservation of the fisiiery on the Thames.
CON-SERVANT, a. Preserving ; having the power or
qualitv of preserving from decay or destruction.
€ON-SER-Va'TION, 71. [h. conservatio.] The act of pre-
serving, guarding or protecting ; preservation from loss,
decay, injiiry, or violation ; the keeping of a thing in a
safe or entire state.
CON-SERV'A-TlVE, a. Preservative; having povi^er to
preserve in a safe or entire state, or from loss, waste, or
injury.
CON-SER-Va''TOR, n. 1, A preserver ; one who preserves
from injury or violation, .appropriately, an officer who
has the charge of preserving the public peace, as judges
and sheriffs ; also, an officer who has the charge of pre-
serving the rights and privileges of a city, corporation, or
community. 2. In Connecticut, a person appointed to su-
perintend idiots, lunatics, &c., manage their property,
and preserve it from waste.
€ON-SERV'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of preserv-
ing from loss, decay or injury.
CON-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. 1. A place for preserving any
thing in a state desired, as from loss, decay, waste, or in-
jury. 2. A large green-house for exotics, in which the
plants are planted in beds and borders, and not in tubs, or
pots, as in the common green-house.
CON-SERVE', (kon-serv') v. t. [L. conservo.] To keep
in a safe or sound state ; to save ; to preserve from loss,
decay, waste or injury ; to defend from violation.
CON'SERVE, n. 1. A sweetmeat made of the inspissated
juice of fruit, boiled with sugar. — 2. In pharmacy, a form
of medicine contrived to preserve the flowers, herbs, roots
or fruits of simples, as nearly as possible, in their natural
fresh state. 3. A conservatory ; [not usual.]
CON-SERVED, (kon-servd') pp. Preserved m a safe and
sound state ; guarded ; kept ; maintained ; protected ;
prepared with sugar.
CON-SERVER, n. One who conserves ; one who keeps
from loss or injury ; one who lays up for preservation ; a
preparer of conserves.
CON-SERVING, ^pr. Keeping in safety; defending; main-
taining ; preparmg with sugar.
CON-SES'SION, n. [L. consessio.] A sitting together
[Little used.]
CON-SES'SOR, 71. One that sits with others. [Little used.]
CON-SID'ER, v. t. [L. considerc] 1. To fix the mind on,
with a view to a careful examination ; to think on with
care ; to ponder ; to study ; to meditate on. 2. To view
attentively ; to observe and examine. 3. To attend to ;
to relieve. 4. To have regard to ; to respect. 5. To take
into view in examination, or into account in estimates.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BjJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete ,
CON
182
CON
\
6. In the imperative, consider is equivalent to think with
care, attend, examine the subject with a view to truth or
the consequences of a measure. 7. To requite ; to re-
ward ; particularly for gratuitous services.
eON-SID'ER, V. i. 1. To think seriously, maturely or care-
fully ; to reflect. 2. To deliberate ; to turn in the mind ;
as in the case of a single person ; to deliberate or consult,
as numbers. 3. To doubt ; to hesitate.
€ON-SID'ER-A-BLE, a , [Fr. , Sp.] ] . That may be consider-
) ed ; that is to be observed, remarked or attended to. [ This
primarij itse of the word is very rarely used.] 2. Worthy
of consideration ; worthy of regard or attention. 3. Respect-
able ; deserving of notice ; of some distinction. 4. Import-
ant; valuable; or moderately large, according to the subject.
eO^'^-SID'ER-A-BLE-NESS, 7i. Some degree of importance,
moment or dignity ; a degree of value or importance that
deserves notice.
€ON-SfD ER-A-BLY, adv. In a degree desei-vmg notice ;
in a degree not trifling, or unimportant.
t€ON-SID'ER-AjS^CE, n. Consideration; reflection; sober
thought.
eOA'-SlD'ER-ATE, a. [L. consideratus.] 1. Given to con-
sideration, or to sober reflection ; thoughtful ; hence, seri-
ous ; circumspect ; careful ; discreet ; prudent ; not hasty
or rash ; not negligent. 2. Having respect to ; regardful ;
> [little used.] 3. Moderate ; not rigorous.
e-JN-SID'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With deliberation ; with due
consideration ; calmly ; prudently.
leO.V-SlDER-ATE-NESS, 7i. Prudence; calm deliberation.
eON-SID-ER-A'TION, n. [L. consideratio.] 1. The act of
considering; mental view; regard; notice. 2. Mature
thought ; serious deliberation. 3. Contemplation ; medi-
tation. 4. Some degree of importance ; claim to notice,
or regard ; a moderate degree of respectability. 5. That
wJiich is considered ; motiveof action ; influence; ground
of conduct. 6. Reason ; that which induces to a deter-
mination. — 7. In law, the reason which moves a con-
tracting party to enter into an agreement ; the material
cause of a contract ; the price or motive of a stipulation.
eON-SID'ER-A-TlVE, a. Taking into consideration. [L. u.]
t €ON-SID'ER-A-TOR, n. He who is giVen to considera-
tion. Brown.
€ON-SID'ERED, pp. Thought of with care ; pondered ;
viewed attentively ; deliberated on ; examined.
€ON-SID'ER-ER, n. A thinker ; one who considers ; a
man of reflection.
€0-\-SID'ER-IiVG, ppr. Fixing the m nd on ; meditating
on ; pondering ; viewing with car ; ind attention ; delib-
erating on. — [JVote. We have a pecuiiar use of this word,
which may be a coiTuption for considered, or which may
be a deviation from analogy by an insensible change in
the structure of the phrase. " It is not possible for us to
act otherwise, considering the weakness of our nature."]
€ON-SID'ER-ING, ?;. The act of deliberating, or carefully
attending to ; hesitation.
€OX-SID'ER-ING-LY, adv. With consideration or delibera-
tion. _
eON-SiGN', (kon-sine') v. t. [L. consigno.] 1. To give,
send or set over ; to transfer or deliver into the possession
of another, or into a different state, with the sense of
fixedness in that state, or pennanence of possession.
2. To deliver or transfer, as a charge or trust ; to commit.
3. To set over or commit, for permanent preservation.
4. To appropriate.
t €ON-SiGA^', (kon-sine') v. i. To submit to the same terms
with another; also, to sign ; to agree or consent.
t CON-SIG'NA-TA-RY, n. One to whom is consigned any
trust or business.
COX-SIG-Na'TION, 7). The act of consigning ; the act of
delivering or committing to another person, place or
state. [Little used,]
eON-SIG'NA-TURE, n. Full signature; joint signing or
stamping.
€OX-SlGN'ED, (kon-sind') pp. Delivered ; committed for
keeping, or management ; deposited in trust.
GOX-SI-G>7EE', (kon-se-nee') n. The person to whom goods
or other things are delivered in trust, for sale or superin-
tendence ; a factor. -■
eOX-SiGiV'ER, ) n. The person who consigns ; one who
eONSrGN OR, \ sends, delivers, or commits goods.to
another for sale, or a ship for superintendence, bills "SS^
ladinir, papers, &c. 'J
e<:).V-SIG-NIF-I-€A'TION, 71. Joint signification. ^■
CO.\-S[G-NIF'I-€A-TiVE, a. Having a like signification,
or jointly significative.
CON-SiGN'ING, ppr. Delivering to another in trust ; send-
iua, or committing.
fJOX-SIGN'MENT, fkon-slne'ment) ?;. 1. The act of con-
signing ; consignation ; the act of sending or committing,
as a charge for safe-keeping or management ; the act of
depositing with, as goods for sale. 2. The thing con-
signed ; the goods sent or delivered to a factor for sale.
3. The viTiting by which any thing is consigned.
eON-SIM'I-LAR, o. Having common resemblance. [L. v.]
CON-SI-MILT-TUDE, n Resemblance. [Little used.]
t€ON-SI-MIL'I-TY, 74. Resemblance. .Aubrey.
CON-SIST', V. i. [L. con^isto.] 1. To stand together ; to be
in a fixed or permanent state, as a body composed of parts
in union or connection. Hence, to be ; to exist ; to subsist j
to be supported and maintained. 2. To stand or be ; to lie ;
to be contained. 3. To be composed. — To consist together,
to coexist ; to have being concuiTently. — To consist with,
to agree ; to be in accordance with ; to be compatible.
eON-SIST'ENCE, \n. I. A standing together; a being
€ON-SIST'EN-C Y , i fixed in union, as the parts of a body ;
that state of a body, in which its component parts remain
fixed. 2. A degree of density or spissitude, but indefinite.
3. Substance ; make ; firmness of constitution. 4. A
standing together, as the parts of a system, or of conduct,
&c. ; agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex
thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself
at different times ; congruity ; unifonnity. 5. A stand-
ing ; a state of rest, in which things capable of growth or
decrease remain for a tune at a stand.
€ON-SIST'ENT, a. [Ij. consistens.] 1. Fixed; firm : not
fluid. 2. Standing together or in agreement ; compatible;
congruous ; uniform ; not contradictory or opposed.
€ON-SIST'ENT-LY, adv. In a consistent manner ; in agree-
ment ; agreeably.
€ON-SIS-To'RI-AL, or €ON-SIST'0-RY, a. Pertaining or
relating to a consistory, or ecclesiastical court of an arch-
bishop "or bishop.
€ON-SIS-To'Rl-AN, a. Relating to an order of Presbyte-
rian assemblies.
* €ON-SIST'0-RY, n. [L. consistorium.] \. Primarily, a
place of meeting ; a council-house, or place of justice.
2. A place of justice in the spiritual court, or the court it-
self; the coujt of every diocesan bishop, held in their ca-
thedral churches, for the tilal of ecclesiastical causes.
3. An assembly of prelates ; the college of cardinals at
Rome. 4. A solemn assembly or council. 5. A place of
residence ; [not \Lsed.] 6. In the reformed churches, an
assembly or council of ministers and elders.
€ON-So'CIATE, n. [L. consociatus.] An associate ; a part-
ner or confederate ; an accomplice. Hayward.
€ON-So'ClATE, V. t. [L. consociafas.] 1. To unite ; to
join ; to associate. 2. To cement, or hold in close union.
3. To unit-^ in an assembly or convention, as pastors and
messenger" or delegates of churches. Saybrook Platform.
€ON-So'CI/.TE, V. i. 1. To unite ; to coalesce. 2. To
unite, or meet in a body ; to fonn a consociation of pastors
and messengers. Saybrook Platform.
€ON-SO-CI-A'TION, n. 1. Intimate union of persons ; fel-
lowship; alliance; companionship ; union of things. TVot-
ton. 2, I'ellowship or union of churches by their pastors
and dele^;.tes ; a meeting of the pastors and delegates of a
number of congregational churches. Trumbull.
€ON-SO-CI-A'TiON-AL, a. Pertaining to a consociatioD
T}-uml}ull.
CON'SOL, 71. Consols, in England, are the funds or stocks
formed by the consolidation of different annuities. Crahhe.
€ON-SoL'A-BLE, a. That admits comfort ; capable of re-
ceiving consolation.
t€oN'SO-LATE, v. t. To comfort.
€ON-SO-La'TION, 71. [L. consolatio.] 1. Comfort; allevia-
tion of misery, or distress of mind ; refreshment of mind
or spirits. 2. That which comforts, or refreshes the
spirits ; the cause of comfort.
eON'SO-LA-TOR, n. One who comforts.
*€ON-SOL'A-TO-RY, a. [L. consolatorius.] Tending to
give comfort ; refreshing to the mind ; assuaging grief.
€ON-SOL'A-TO-RY, n. A speech or writing containing
topicsof comfort. Milton.
€ON-SoLE', V. t. [L. consolor.] To comfort ; to cheer the
mind in distress or depression ; to alleviate grief, and give
refreshment to the mind or spirits ; to give contentment
or moderate happiness by relieving from distress.
CONSOLE, n. [Fr.] In architecture, a bracket or shoulder-
piecej or an ornament cut upon the key of an arch.
€ON-SoL'ED, (kon-sold') pp. Comforted ; cheered.
CON-SoL'ER, n. One that gives comfort.
€ON-SOL'I-DANT, a. Having the quality of uniting
wounds or forming new flesh.
€ON-SOL'I-DANT, n. A medicine that heals or unites the
parts of wounded flesh. Coxe.
CON-SOL'I-DATE, v.t. [It. consolidare.] 1. To make
solid ; to unite or press together loose or separate parts,
and form a compact mass ; to harden or make dense and
firm. 2. To unite the parts of a broken bone, or the lips
of a wound, by means of applications. 3. To unite two
parliamentary bills in one. — 4. In law, to combine two
Isenefices in one.
CON-SOL'I-DATE, v. i. To grow firm and hard ; to unite
and become solid.
CON-SOL'I-DATE, a. Formed into a solid mass.
CON-SOL'I-DA-TED, pp. Made solid, hard, or compact ,
united.
CON-SOL'I-DA-TING, ppr. Making soUd ; uniting.
* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, larg.—FXB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;
t Obsolete.
CON
183
CON
CON-SOL-I-DaTION, n. 1. The act of making or process
of becoming solid ; the act of forming into a firm, compact
mass, body or system. H. The annexing of one bill to
another in parliament or legislation. 3. The combining
of two benefices in one. 4. The uniting of broken bones
or wounded flesh
T €ON-SOL'I-DA-TiVE, a. Having the quality of healing.
eON'SOLS, n. A kind of transferable stocks.
€ON'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr.. from L. consouantia.'] 1. Accord
or agreement of sounds. — In music, consonance is an accord
of sounds which produces an agreeable sensation iji the
ear. 2. Agreement ; accold : congruity ; consistency ;
agreeableness ; suitableness.
GON'SO-NANT, a. 1. Agreeing ; according ; congruous ;
consistent. — 2. In music, composed of consonances.
€OiVSO-NANT, ?i. A letter, so named because it is consid-
ered as being sounded only in connection with a vowel.
€0iV'30-NANT-LY, adv. Consistently ; in agreement.
€ONidO-NANT-NESB, n. Agreeableness ; cuusisteacy.
t;0]\'sO-NOUS, a. [L. consonus.] Agreeing in sound 5
svmphonious.
t €ON-So'PI-ATE, V. t. To lull asleep.
t€ON-SO-?l-A'TiON, n. A lulling asleep.
t€ON'SO-PITE, V. t. [L. consopio.] To compose ,; to lull to
sleep.
t €ON'SO-PITE, a. Calm ; composed. More.
€OiV'SOB,T, V. [L. consors.] 1, A companion; a partner;
an intimate associate ; particularly., a partner of the bed ;
A wife or husband. 2. An assembly or association of per-
sons, convened for consultation. 3. Union; conjunction;
concurrence. 4. A number of instruments played to-
gether ; a symphony ; a concert, in this sense, concert is
now used. — 5. In navigation, any vessel keeping compa-
ny with another. — Queen consort, the wife of a king, as
distinguished from a queen recent, who rules alone, and a
ijicceu dowager, the widow of a king.
eON-SORT', V. i. To associate ; to unite in cojnpany ; to
keep company.
eON-SORT', V. t. 1. To join; to marry. 2. To unite in
company. 3. To accompany ; [not u^cd.']
CON-SORT' A-BLE,- a. Suitable. JVotton.
€ON-SORT'ED, pp. United in marriage.
CON-SORT'ING, ppr. Unitmg in company with ; associat-
ir.g.
t€ON-SOR'TION, 71. Fellowship. Brown.
eON'SORT-SHIP, n. Fellowship ; partnership.
CON'SOUND, n. The name of several species of plants.
teON-SPE€''TA-BLE, a. [h. conspectiis.] Easy to be seen .
€ON-SPI-Cu'I-TY, n. Conspicuousness ; brightness. [Little
used.] Shale.
€0N-SPie'U-0U3, a. [L. conspicuics .] 1. Open to the view ;
obvious to the eye ; easy to be seen ; manifest. 2. Ob-
vious to the mental eye ; clearly or extensively known,
perceived or understood. Hence, eminent ; famous ; dis-
tinguished.
€ON-SPIC'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a conspicuous manner;
obviously ; in a manner to be clearly seen ; eminently ;
remarkably.
eON-SPiC'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Openness or exposme to
the view ; a state of being visible at a distance. 2. Emi-
nence ; fame ; celebrity; ^;enov/n ; a state of being exten-
sively knov/n and distinguished.
€0N-SPIR'A-CY, 71. [L. conspiratio.} 1. A combination of
men for an evil purpose ; an agreement, between two or
more persons, to commit some crime in concert ; particu-
larly, a combination to commit treason, or excite sedition
or insurrection against the government of a state ; a plot.
— 9. in laio, an agreement between two or more persons,
falsely and maliciously to indict, or procure to be indicted,
an innocent person of felony. 3. A concurrence ; a gen-
eral tendency of two or more causes to one event.
€0N-SPl'RANT, a. [L. con-spirans.'] Conspiring ; plotting ;
engaging iji a plot to commit a crime.
CON-SPI-Ra'TION, ?!. Conspiracy; agreement or concur-
rence of things to one end.
€0N-SPIR'A-T0R, n. 1. One who conspires ; one who en-
gages in a plot to commit a crime, particularly treason. —
2. In law, one who agrees with another falsely and ma-
liciously to indict an innocent person of felony.
eON-SPlRE', v.i. [L. conspiro.'] ]. To agree, by oath,
covenant or otherwise, to commit a crime ; to plot ; to
liatch treason. — 2. In law, to agree falsely and malicious-
ly to indict an innocent person of felony. 3. To agree;
to concur to one end.
eON-SPlR'ER, n. One who conspires or plots ; a conspira-
tor. Shak.
€ON-SPiR'ING, ppr. 1. Agreeing to commit a crime ; plot-
ting ; uniting or concurring to one end. — 2. In mechanics,
conspiring powers are such as act in a direction not opposite
to one another ; cooperating powers.
eON-SPIR'lNG-LY, adv. In the manner of a conspiracy ;
by conspiracy. Milton.
€ON-SPIS-Sa'TION, 7t. [1,. conspissatus.] The act of mak-
ing thick or viscous ; thickness.
t€Ol\'&PUR-€ATE, w. c. [L. conspurco.] To defile.
teON-SPUR-CA-TlON, 71. [L. conspurco.] The act of vlt*
filing ; defilement ; pollution.
€oN'STA-BLE, n. [yp. condestable ; It. conestabilc ; Fr
connetahlc ; L. comes stabuli.] 1. The lord high constable
of England, the seventh officer of the crown. Be had the
care of tlie common peace, in deeds of arms, and matters ot
vi^ar ; being a judge of the court of chivalry, now called the
court of honor. 2. An oflicer of the peace. — In Fyngland,
there are high constables, petty constables, and consta-
bles of London. Their duty is to keep the peace, and for
this purpose they are invested with the power of arresting
and imprisoning, and of breaking open houses. — 3. In the
United States, constables are town-officers of the peace,
with powers similar .0 those possessed by the constables
in Great Britain. They are invested also with powers to
execute civil as well as criminal process, and to levy exe-
cutions. — To overrun the constable, to spend more tliar
a man is worth or can pay ; a vulgar phrase.
fCoN'STA-BLE-llY, 71. The district called also consiablc-
wick.
e6N';:^TA-BLE-SHrP, it. The oftice of a constable.
C6N'STA-BLE-WICK, n. The district to which a consta-
ble's power is limited. Hale.
COJ\';STAN-CY, 7t. [L. constantia.] I. Fixedness; a stand-
ing firm ; hence, applied to God or his works, unmutabil-
ity; unalterable continuance; a permanent state. 2,
Fixedness or firmness of mind ; persevering resolution ;
steady, unshaken determination ; lasting affection , sta-
bil ity hi love or friendship. 3. Certainty ; veracity ; reality.
€ON'oTANT,a. [la.constans.] 1. Fixed ; firm; opposed to
faiid. [In this sense not used.] 2. Fixed ; not varied ;
unchanged ; permanent ; immutable. 3. Fixed or firm
in mind, purpose, atfection or principle ; unshaken ; un-
moved. 4. Certain ; steady ; firmly adherent.
€ON-STAN-TI-NO-POL'I-TAN, a. Relating to Constanti-
nople, the metropolis of Turkey in EuropeT
€ON'STANT-LY, acZo. Firmly; steadily ;"invariably ; con-
tinuallv ; perse veringly.
eON'STAT, 71. [L.] 1. In England, a certificate given by
the clei-k of the pipe and auditors of the exchequer, to a
person who intends to plead or move for a discharge of
any thing in that court. The effect of it is to show what
appears upon the record, respecting the matter in ques-
tion. 2. An exemplificatioia, under the great seal, of the
enrollment of any letters patent.
*€ON'STSL-LATS, V. ?. [Low Tu. constellatus.] To join
lustre ; to shine with united radiance, or one general light.
[Little used.]
* €OJV'STEL-LATE, v. t. To unite several shining bodies
in one splendor. [LitMc used.]
* €ON'STEL-LA-TED, pp. 1. United in one splendor.
2. Starry ; set or adorned with stars or constellations.
J. Barlow.
€ON-STEL-La'TION, n. 1. A cluster of fixed stars ; an
asterism ; a number of stars which appear as if situated
near each other in the heavens, and are considered as
forhiing a particular division. 2. An assemblage of splen-
dors or excellences.
eON-STER-NA'TION, n. [L. consternatio.j Astonishment ;
amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and
incapacitates a person for consultation and execution ;
excessive terror, wonder or surprise.
€ON'STI-PATE, v.t. [L. constipo.] 1. To crowd or cram
into A narrow compass ; to thicken or condense. 2. To
stop, by filliuij a passage, and preventing motion. 3. To
fill or crowd the intestinal canal, and make costive.
CON-STI-Pa'TJON, 71. 1. The act of crowding any thing
into a less compass ; a pressing together ; condensation
2. More generally, a crowding or filling to hardness the
intestinal canal, from defective excretion; costiveness
obstipation.
eON-STIT'U-ENT, a. [L. constitnens.] Settmg ; constitut-
ing. Hence, necessary or essential ; elem^ental ; forming,
composing or making as an essential part.
€ON-STIT'U-ENT, n. 1. He or that which sets, fixes ot
forms ; he or that which constitutes or composes. 2. That
which constitutes or composes, as a part, or an essential
part. 3. One who appoints or elects another to an office
or employment. Burke.
CONSTI-TUTE, V. t. [L. constituo.] 1. To set; to fix ;
to enact ; to establish. 2. To form or compose ; to give
formal existence to ; to make a thing what it is. 3. To
appoint, depute or elect to an office or employment ; to
make and empower.
t €ON'STI-TUTE, n. An established law.
CON'STI-TU-TED, ;>p. Set; fixed; established ; made t
elected; appointed.
€ON'STI-TU-TER, n. One who constitutes or appohits.
€ON'STI-TU-TING, ppr. Setting ; establishing ; compos-
ing ; electing ; appointing.
€ON-STI-Tu'TlON, n. 1. The .act of constituting, enact-
ing, establishing or appointing. 2. The state of being
that form of being, or peculiar structure and connection of
• See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.^C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
CON
184
CON
parts, which makes or characterizes a system or body.
Hence the particular frame or temperament of the human
body is called its constitution. 3. The frame or temper of
mind, affections or passions. 4. The established form of
government in a state, kingdom or country ; a system of
fundamental rules, principles and ordinances for the gov-
ernment of a state or nation. 5. A particular law, ordi-
nance, or regulation, made fay the authority of any supe-
rior, civil or ecclesiastical. 6. A system of fundamental
principles for the government of rational and social be-
ings.
€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. 1. Bred or mherent in the
constitution, or in the natural frame of body or mind.
2. Consistent with the constitution ; authorized by the
constitution or fundamental rules of a government; legal.
3. Relating to the constitution. Paley.
€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL-IST, ?i. 1. An adherent to the
constitution of government. 2. An innovator of the old
constitution, or a framer or friend of the new constitution
in France.
€ON-STI-TU-TION-ALa-TY, n. 1. The state of being
constitutional ; the state of being inherent in the natural
<ranie. Coxc. 2. The state of being consistent with the
constitution or frame of government, or of being author-
izeo' by its provisions.
€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL-LY, adv. In consistency with the
constitution or frame of government.
€0N-STI-TU'TI0N-1ST, n. One who adheres to the con-
stitution of the country.
* €ON'STI-TU-TiVE, a. 1. That constitutes, forms or
composes; elemental; essential. 2. Having pov/er to
enact or establish ; instituting.
eON-STRAIN', V. t. [Fr. cojitraindre.] 1. To compel or
force ; to urge with irresistible power, or with a power
sufficient to produce the effect. 2. To confine by force ;
to restrain from escape or action ; to repress. 3. To hold
by force ; to press ; to confine. 4. To constringe ; to
bind. 5. To tie fast ; to bind ; to chain ; to confine. 6.
To necessitate. 7. To force ; to ravish; [not used.] 8.
To produce in opposition to nature.
eON-STRAlN'A-BLE, a. That may be constrained, forced
or repressed ; liable to constraint, or to restraint.
€ON-STRaIN'ED, (kon-straind') jjp- Urged irresistibly or
powerfully; compelled; forced; restrained; confined;
bound ; irnprisoned ; necessitated.
€ON-STRaIN'ED-LY, adv. By constraint ; by compulsion.
€ON-STRaIN'ER, n. One who constrains.
€ON-STRaIN'ING, ppr. Urging with irresistible or power-
ful force ; compelling ; forcing ; repressing ; confining ;
holding by force ; pressing ; binding.
€ON-STRaINT', n. [Fr. contrainte.] In-esistible force, or
its effect; any force, or power, physical or moral, which
compels to act or to forbear action, or which urges so
strongly as to produce its effect upon the body or mind ;
compulsion ; restraint ; confinement.
€ON-STRaIN'TIVE, a. Having power to compel. Carew.
€ON-STRWTi, v.t. [1.. const7ingo.] To draw together;
to bind ; to cramp ; to draw into a narrow compass ;
hence, to contract or cause to shrink.
€ON-STRI€T'ED, pp> Drawn together; bound; contract-
ed.
€ON-STRI€T'ING, ppr. Drawing together ; binding ; con-
tracting.
€ON-STRI€'TION, n. A drawing together or contraction
by means of some inherent power, or by spasm, as distin-
guished from compression, or the pressure of extraneous
bodies.
€ON-STRI€T'OR, n. 1. That which draws together or
contracts. — In anatomy, a muscle which draws together
or closes an orifice of the body. 2. A species of serpents,
the black snake of the United States. Also, the hoa con-
strictor, the largest of known serpents
€ON-STRINGE', (kon-strinj') v. t. [L. constringo.] To
draw together ; to strain into a narrow compass ; to con-
tract ; to force to contract itself.
€ON-STRING'ED, (kon-strinjd') pp Contracted; drawn
together.
€0N-STRiN'6ENT, a. Having the qualitv of contracting,
binding or compressing.
eON-STRING'ING, ppr. Drawing or compressing into a
smaller compass ; contracting ; binding.
€ON-STRUeT', V. t. [L. construo, constructum.] 1. To
put together the parts of a thing in their proper place and
order ; to build ; to form. 2. To devise and compose ;
as, to construct a new system. 3. To interpret or under-
stand.
€ON-STRU€T'ED, pp. Built ; formed ; composed ; com-
piled.
€ON-STRU€T'ER, n. One who constructs or frames.
eON-STRU€T'ING, ppr. Building ; framing ; composing.
€0N-STRUe'TION, n. [L. constmctio.] 1. The act of
building, or of devising and forming ; fabrication. 2.
The form of buildmg; the manner of putting together the
parts of a building, a machine, or a system ; structure ;
conformation.— 3. In grammar, syntax, or the arrange-
ment and connection of words in a sentence, according to
established usages, or the practice of good writers and
speakers. 4. Sense ; meaning ; interpretation ; explana-
tion : or the manner of understanding the arrangement of
words, or of understanding facts. 5. The manner of
describing a figure or problem in geometry. — 6. In alge-
bra, the construction of equations is the method of reduc-
ing a known equation into lines and figures, In order to a
geometrical demonstration.
€ON-STRU€'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to construction.
I Unusual.l
€0N-STRU€'TIVE, a. By construction ; created or deduc-
ed by construction, or mode of interpretation ; not directly
expressed, but inferred.
CON-STRUCTIVE-LY, adv In a constructive manner;
by way of construction or interpretation ; by fair infer-
ence.
€0N-STRU€T'URE, n. An edifice ; pile ; fabric. Black-
more.
* CON'STRUE, v. t. [L. construe.] 1. To arrange words in
their natural order ; to reduce from a transposed to a nat -
ural order, so as to discover the sense of a sentence
hence, to interpret ; and, when applied to a foreign lan-
guage, to translate ; to render into English. 2. To inter-
pret ; to explain ; to show or to understand the meaning.
CON'STRUED, pp. Ananged In natural order ; interpret-
ed ; understood ; translated.
€ON'STRU-IJ>JG, ppr. Ananging in natural order; ex-
pounding ; interpreting ; translating.
eON'STU-PRATE, v. t. [L. constupro.] To violate ; to
debauch ; to defile.
€ON-STU-PRa'TION, n. The act of ravishing ; violation j
defilement. Bp. Hall.
CON-SUB-SIST', V. i. To subsist together.
€ON-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. [L. consubstantialis.] 1. Having
the same substance or essence ; co-essential. 2. Of the
same kind or nature.
€ON-SUB-STAN'TIAL-IST, n. One who believes in con-
substantiation. Barrow,
€ON-SUB-STAN-TI-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The existence of more
than one in the same substance. Hammond. 2. Paitici-
pation of the same nature.
€ON-SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. t. [L. con and substantia.] To
unite in one common substance or nature.
€ON-SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. i. To profess consubstantia-
tion. Dry den.
€ON-SUB-STAN-TI-A'TION, n. The union of the body of
our blessed Savior with the sacramental elements. The
Lutherans maintain that after consecration of the ele-
ments, the body and blood of Christ are substantially
present with the substance of the bread and wine, which
is called consubstantiation, or impanation.
eON'SUL, n. [L.] 1. The chief magistrate of the ancient
Roman republic, invested with regal authority for one
year. — 2. In modern usage, the name consul is given to a
person commissioned by a king or state to reside in a for-
eign country as an agent or representative, to protect the
rights, commerce, merchants and seamen of the state, and
to aid the government in any commercial transactions
with such foreign country. 3. An adviser ; [not author-
ized.] Bacon.
€ON'SUL-AGE, n. A duty laid by the British Levant Com-
pany on imports and exports for the support of the com-
pany's affairs. Eton.
CON'SUL-AR, a. Pertaining to a consul.
€ON'SUL-ATE, n. [L. consulatus.] 1. The office of a
consul. 2. The jurisdiction or extent of a consul's au-
thority.
€ON'SUL-SHIP, 71. The office of a consul ; or the term of
his office.
CON-SULT', V. i. [L. cmisnlto.] 1. To seek the opinion or
advice of another, by a statement of facts, and suitable
inquiries, for the purpose of directing one's own judg-
ment. , 2. To take counsel together ; to seek opinions and
advice- by mutual statements, inquiries and reasonings ;
to deliberate in common. 3. To consider with dehbera-
tion.
CON-SULT', V. t. 1. To ask advice of; to seek the opinion
of another, as a guide to one's own judgment. 2. To
seek for information, or facts, in something. 3. To re
gard ; to have reference or respect to, in judging or act-
ing ; to decide or to act in favor of. 4. To plan, devise
or contrive ; [t/iis sense is unusual.]
*€0]N-SULT', n. The act of consulting ; the effect of con-
sultation ; deternunation ; a council, or deliberating as-
sembly. Dryden. [This word is, I believe, entirely obso-
lete, except in poetry.]
€ON-SUL-Ta'TION, 72. 1. The act of ccnsulting ; delib-
eration of two or more persons, with a view to some de-
cision. 2. The persons who consult together ; a number
of persons seeking mutually each other's opinions and
advice ; a council for deliberation .— JFrit of consultation,
in law, a writ awarded by a superior court, to return a
* See Synopsia A, JE, I, 0, tJ, Y, long.—¥AU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
CON
185
CON
cause, which had been removed by prohibition from the
court Christian, to its original jurisdiction.
eON-SULT'A-TtVE, a. Having the privilege of consult-
ing.
€ON-SULT'ED, yp. Asked j inquired of for opinion or ad-
vice ; regarded.
eON-SULT'ER, n. One who consults, or asks counsel or
information.
€ON-SULiT'ING, ppr. Asking advice ; seeking informa-
tion ; deliberating and inquiring mutually ; regarding.
€ON-SuM'A-BLE, a. That may be consumed 5 possible to
be destroyed, dissipated, wasted or spent.
€ON-SuME', V. t. [L. coTHsumo.'] 1. To destroy, by separ-
ating the parts of a thing, by decomposition, as by fire, or
by eating, devouring, and annihilating tlie form of a sub-
stance. 2. To destroy by dissipating or by use ; to ex-
pend 3 to waste ; to squander. 3. To spend ; to cause to
pass away, as time. 4. To cause to disappeai- j to waste
slowly. 5. To destroy ; to bring to utter ruin ; to exter-
minate.
€ON-SuME', V. i. To waste away slowly ; to be exhausted.
eON-SuM'ED, (kon-sumdO pp. Wasted j burnt up j de-
stroyed ; dissipated ; squandered ; expended.
€ON-SuM'ER, n. One who consumes, spends, wastes or
destroys ; that which consumes.
€ON-SuM'ING, ppr. 1. Burning; wasting 5 destroying;
expending ; eating ; devouring. 2. a. That destroys.
* €ON''SUM-MATE, v. t. [L. consummo, c(msuinviatus.'\
To end ; to finish by completing what was intended ; to
perfect ; to bring or cany to the utmost point or degree.
€GN-SUM'MATE, a. Complete; perfect; carried to the
utmost extent or degree.
* €ON'SUM-MA-TED, pp. Completed ; perfected ; ended.
eON-SUM'MATE-LY, adv. Completely ; perfectly.
* eON'SUM-MA-TING, ppr. Completing ; accomplisliing ;
perfecting.
€ON-SUM-Ma'TION, 71. [L. consummo.tio.] 1. Comple-
tion; end; perfection of a work, process or scheme. 2.
The end or completion of the present system of things ;
the end of the world. 3. Death ; the end of life. — Con-
summation of marriage, tlie most intimate union of the
sexes, which completes the connubial relation.
€ON-SUMP'TION, n. [I,, consuviptio.] 1. The act of con-
suming ; waste ; destruction by burning, eating, devour-
ing, scattering, dissipation, slow decay, or by passing
away, as time. 2. The state of being wasted, or dimin-
ished. — 3. In medicine, a wasting of flesh ; a gradual de-
cay or diminution of the body ; a word of extensive signif-
ication. Butparticularhj, the disease called phthisis pul-
monalis, pulmonic consumption, a disease seated in the
lungs, attended with hectic fever, cough, &c.
€ON-SUMP'TIVE, a. 1. Destructive ; wasting; exhaust-
ing ; having the quality of consuming or dissipating.
2.' Affected with a consumption or pulmonic disease, as,
consumptive lungs ; or inclined to a consumption ; tending
to the phthisis pulmonalis.
€ON-SUMP'TIVE-LY, adv. In a way tending to consump-
tion.
€ON-SUMP'TIVE-NESS, ?^. A state of being consumptive,
or a tendency to a consumption.
■(• €ON-Su'TlLE, a. [L. consutilis.] That is sewed or
stitched together.
€ON-TAB'U-LATE, v. t. [L. contabulo.] To floor with
boards.
€ON-TAB-U-La.'TION, n. The act of laying with boards,
or of flooring.
eON'TACT, n. [L. contactus.] A touching ; touch ; close
union or juncture of bodies.
€0N-T ACTION, n. The act of touching.
eON-TA'GlON, n. [L. covtagio.] 1. Literally, a touch or
touching. Hence, the communication of a disease by
contact, or the matter communicated. More generally,
that subtil matter which proceeds from a diseased person
or body, and communicates the disease to another person.
2. That which communicates evil from one to aiiotlier ;
infection ; that wliich propagates mischief. 3. Pesti-
lence I a pestilential disease ; venomous exhalations.
€ON-Ta'GIOUS, a. 1. Containing or generating conta-
gion ; catching ; that may be communicated by contact,
or by a subtil excreted matter. 2. Poisonous ; pestilen-
tial; containing contagion, 3. Containing miscliief that
may be propagated. 4. That may be communicated from
one to another, or may excite like affections in others.
€ON-Ta'6IOUS-NESS, n. The quahty of being contagious.
CON-TaIN', v. t. [L. contineo.] 1. To hold, as a vessel;
to have capacity ; to be able to hold. 2. To comprehend ;
to hold within specified limits. 3. To comprehend ; to
comprise. 4. To hold within limits prescribed ; to re-
strain ; to withhold from trespass or disorder ; [obs.] 5.
To include. 6. To inclose.
€ON-TaIN', v. i. To live in continence or chastity. Jlr~
buthnot.
eON-TAIN'A-BLE, a. That may be contained, or com-
prised.
€ON-TAIN'ED, (kon-tand') pp. Held j comprehended 1
comprised ; included ; inclosed.
€ON-TaINTNG, ppr. Holding ; having capacity to hold ,
comprehending ; comprising ; including , inclosing.
eON-TAM'I-NATE, t). f. [L.. contamvno.] To defile; to
pollute ; usually in a figurative sense ; to sully ; to tar-
nish ; to taint.
€ON-TAM'I-NATE, a. Polluted ; defiled ; corrupt.
€ON-TAM'I-NA-TED, pp. Polluted ; defiled ; tarnished.
€ON-TAM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Polluting; defiling; tarnish-
ing.
€ON-TAM-I-Na'TION, n. The act of polluting ; pollution ;
defilement; taint.
CON'TECK, 71. Cluarrel ; contention. [JYot English.]
t €ON-TE€'TION, 71. [L. contego.] A covering. Sir T.
Browne.
t eON-TEM ER-A-TED, a. Violated ; polluted. Diet.
CON-TEMN', (kon-tem') v. t. [L. contemno.] - 1. To de-
spise ; to consider and treat as mean and despicable ; to
sconi. 2. To slight ; to neglect as unworthy of regard ;
to reject with disdain.
CON-TEM'NED, (kon-temd') pp. Despised ; scorned :
slighted ; neglected, or rejected with disdain.
€ON-TEM'NER, n. One who contemns; a despiser; a
scorner.
€ON-TEM'NJNG, ppr. Despising ; slighting as vile or des-
picable ; ntglecting or rejecting, as unworthy of re-
gard.
€ON-TEM'PER, v. t. [Low L. contempero.'\ To moderate ;
to reduce to a lower degree by mixture with opposite or
different qualities ; to temper.
CON-TEBI'PER-A-MENT, n. Moderated or qualified de-
gree ; a degree of any quality reduced to that of another ;
temperament.
€ON-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. To temper ; to leduce the qual-
ity of, by mixing something opposite or different; to
moderate.
€ON-TEM-PER-a'TION, n. 1. The act of reducing a
quality by admixture of the contrary ; the act of moderat-
ing or tempering. 2. Temperament ; proportionate mix-
ture. [Instead of tliese words, temper and temperament
are now generally used,]
* CON'TEM-PLATE, 7;. f . \1.. contemplor.] 1. To view
or consider with continued attention ; to study ; to med-
itate on. 2. To consider or have in view, in reference to
a future act or event ; to intend. Hamilton.
* CON'TEM-PLATE, v. i. To thmk studiously ; to study ;
to muse ; to meditate.
* €ON'TEM-PLA-TED, jyp. Considered with attention;
meditated on ; intended.
* eON'TEM-PLA-TING, ppr. Considering v/ith contumed
attention ; meditating on ; musing.
€0N-TEM-PLa'TI0N, n. [L. contemplatic] 1. The act
of the mind in considering with attention ; meditation ;
study ; continued attention of the mi nd to a particular
subject. 2. Holy meditation ; attention to sacred things.
— To have in contemplation, to intend or purpose, or to
have under consideration.
€ON-TEM'PLA-TiVE, a. 1. Given to contemplation, or
continued application of the mind to a subject • studious ;
thoughtful. 2. Employed in study. 3. Having the ap-
pearance of study, or a studious habit. 4. Having the
power of thoughtor meditation.
€ON-TEM'PLA-TIVE-LY, adv. With contemplation; at-
tentively ; thoughtfully ; with deep attention.
* €ON'TEM-PLA-TOR, n. One who contemplates ; one
employed in study or meditation ; an inquirer after knowl-
edge.
€ON-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [See Cotemporary.] Liv-
ing or being at the same time.
€ON-TEM'PO-RA-RI-NESS, 71. Existence at the same
point of time. Howell.
€ON-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [It., Sp. contemporaneo ; Fr.
contemporain. For the sake of easier pronunciation,
this word is often changed to cotemporar-y.] Coeta-
neous ; living at the same time ; being or existing at
the same time. See Cotemforary, the preferable
word.
€ON-TEM'PO-RA-RY, n. One who lives at the same time
with another.
t €ON-TEM'PO-RlSE, v. t. To make contemporary ; to
place in the same age or time.
CON-TEMPT', n. [L. co7itemptus.'\ I. The act of despis-
ing ; the act of viewing or considering and treating as
mean, vile and worthless ; disdain ; hatred of what is
mean or deemed vile. 2. The state of being despised ;
whence, in a Scriptural sense, shame, disgrace. — In law,
disobedience of the rules and orders of a court, which is a
punishable offense.
€ON-TEMPT'I-BLE, a. [L. contemptibilis.] 1. Worthy of
contempt ; that deserves scorn or disdam ; despicable ;
mean; vile. 2. Apt to despise ; contemptuous; [not le-
gitimate.] Shak.
€ON-TEMPT'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being con-
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f Aw, f Obsolete
CON
186
CON
temptible, or of being despised ; despicableness ; mean-
ness ; vileness.
€ON-TEMPT'I-BLY, adv. In a contemptible manner;
meanly ; in a manner deserving of contempt.
€ON-TEMPT'U-OUS, a. Manifesting or expressing con-
tempt or disdain ; scornful ; apt to despise ; haughty ; in-
solent.
€ON-TEMPT'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a contemptuous man-
ner ; with scorn or disdain ; despitefully.
€ON-TEMPT U-OUc)-IMESS, n. Disposition to contempt;
act of wntempt ; insolence ; s€ornfulness ; haughtiness.
€ON-TEND', v.i, [h. contendo.] 1. To strive, or to strive
against ; to struggle in opposition. 2. To strive ; to use
earnest efforts to obtain, or to defend and preserve. 3. To
dispute earnestly; to striye in debate. 4. To reprove
sharply ; to chide ; to strive to convince and reclaim.
5. To strive in opposition ; to punish. 6. To quarrel ; to
dispute fieicely ; to wiangle.— To contend for,to strive to
obtain.
eON-TEND', V. t. To dispute ; to contest. This transitive
use oi contend is not strictly legitimate.
€ON-TEND'ED, pp. Urged in argument or debate ; dis-
puted ; contested.
€ON-TEND'ENT, n. An antagonist or opposer.
€ON-TEND'ER, n. One who contends; a combatant; a
champion^ Locke.
eON-TEND'ING, ppr. 1. Striving ; struggling to oppose ;
debating ; urging in argument ; quarreling. 2. a. Clash-
ing ; opposing ; rival.
€ON-TEN'E-MENT, n. Land, or freehold contiguous to a
tenement. Blackstone.
€ON-TENT', a. [L. contenUhs.'] Literally, held, contained
witliin limits ; lience, quiet ; not disturbed ; liaving a
mind at peace ; easy ; satisfied, so as not to repine, ob-
ject, or oppose.
C.ON-TENT', V. t. 1. To satisfy the mind ; to make quiet,
so as to stop complaint or opposition ; to appease ; to make
easy in any situation. 2. To please or gratify.
eON-TENT', n. 1. Rest or quietness of the mind in the
present condition. 2. Acquiescence ; satisfaction with-
out examination. 3. The term used in the house of
lords in England, to express an assent to a bill or motion.
*€ON'TENT, n. 1. Often in the plural, contents. That
which is contained ; the thing or things held, included or
comprehended within a limit ; as, the contents of a book.
— 2. In geometry, the area or quantity of matter or space
included in certain lines. 3. The power of containing;
capacitv ; extent within limits. Bacon.
tCON-TEN-TA'TION, ?(. Content; satisfaction.
eON-TENT'ED, -pp. or a. Satisfied ; quiet ; easy in mind ;
not complnining, opposing or demanding more.
€ON-TENT'ED-LY, adv. In a contented manner; quietly ;
without concern.
€ON-TENT'ED-NESSj n. State of resting in mind ; quiet ;
satisfaction of mind with anv condition or event.
t €ON-TENT'FUL, a. Full of contentment.
€ON-TEN'TION, n. [L. contentio.'] ]. Strife; struggle; a
violent effort to obtain something, or to resist a person,
claim or injury ; contest ; quarrel. 2. Strife in words or
debate ; quarrel ; angry contest ; controversy. 3. Strife
or endeavor to excel ; emulation. 4. Eagerness ; zeal ;
ardor ; vehemence of endeavor ; [ofe.J
eON-TEN'TIOUS, a. [Fr. contenticux.] 1. Apt to contend;
given to angry debate ; quarrelsome ; perverse. 2. Relat-
ing to contention m law ; relating to litigation ; having
power to decide causes between contending parties. 3.
Exciting or adapted to provoke contention or disputes.
€ON-TEN'TrOUS JU-RIS-DI€'TION. A court which has
power to judge and determine differences between con-
tending parties.
eON-TEN'TIOUS-LY, ada. In a contentious manner;
quarrelsomely ; pervei-sely.
€ON-TEN'TIOUS-NESS, n. A disposition to contend;
proneness to contest ; perverseness ; quarrelsomeness.
€0:V-TENT'LESS, a. Discontented ; dissatisfied ; uneasy.
t €OX-TENT'LY, adv. In a contented way.
€ON-TENT'MEXT, 71. [Fr. contentcmcnt.] 1. Content; a
resting or satisfaction of mind without disquiet ; acquies-
'•ence. 2. Gratification.
eoN-TEFMIN-A-BLE, a. [L. con and terminus.] Capable
of the same bounds.
CON-TERM' [N-ATE, a. Having the same bounds. B. Jon-
son.
eON-TERM'IN-OUS, a. [L. contermimis .] Bordering
upon ; touching at the boundary ; contiguous.
t€O.V-TER-RA'NE-AN, )a. [lu. conterraneus.l Being of
fCON-TER-RA NE-OUS, \ the same country.
€ON-TES-SE-Ra'TION, n. Assembly ; collection.
€ON-TEST', V. t. [Fr. contester.] J. To dispute ; to strive
earnestly to hold or maintain ; to struggle to defend. 2.
To dispute ; to argue in opposition to ; to controvert ; to
litigate ; to oppose ; to call in question.
eON TEST', v.i. I. To strive ; to contend. 2. To vie ; to
emulate.
CONTEST, n. 1. Strife ; struggle for victory, Bupetlotitj^
or in defense ; struggle in arms. 2. Dispute ; debate ;
violent controversy ; strife in argument.
CON-TEST'A-BLE, a. That maybe disputed or debated j
disputable ; controvertible.
CON-TEST'A-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being contest-
ed.
€ON-TES-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of contesting ; strife :
dispute. 2. Testimony ; proof by witnesses.
CON-TEST'ING-LY, adv. In a contending manner
CON'TEST-LESS, a. Not to be disputed, mil.
t CON-TEX', v. t. To weave together. Boyle.
CON'TEXT,' n, [L. contextus.] The general series or com-
position of a discom-se ; more particularly, the parts of a
discourse which precede or follow the sentence quoted ;
tlie passages of Scripture which are near the text, either
before it or after it.
CON-TEXT', a. Knit or woven together ; close ; firm,
t CON-TEXT', V. t. To knit together
CON-TEXT'URE, n. The manner of interweaving several
parts into one body ; the disposition and union of the con-
stituent parts of a thing, with respect to each other ; com-
position of parts ; constitution.
CON-TEXT 'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to contexture, or to the
human frame.
CON-TIG-Na'TION, n. [L. contignatio.] 1. A frame of
beams ; a story. 2. The act of framing together, or unit-
ing beams in a fabric.
CON-TI-Gu'I-TY, n. Actual contact of bodies ; a touching.
Hale.
CON-TIG'U-OUS, a. [L. contigmis.] Touching; meeting
or joining at the surface or border.
CON-TIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to touch ; without
intervening space.
CON-TIG'U-OUS-NESS, 71. A state of contact ; close union
of surfaces or boilers.
CON'TI-NENCE, ; n. [L. continentia.] 1. In a general
CON'TI-NEN-CY, \ sense, the restraint which a person
imposes upon his desires and passions; self-command.
2. .Appropriately, the restraint of the passion for sexual en-
joyment ; resistance of concupiscence ; forbearance of
lewd pleasures ; hence, chastity. But the term is usual-
ly applied to males, as chastity is to females. 3. Forbear-
ance of lawful pleasure. 4. Moderation in the indul-
gence of sexual enjoyment. 5. Continuity; uninterrupt-
ed course ; [not noio used.'\
CON'TI-NENT, a. [L. continens.} 1. Refraining from un-
lawful sexual commerce, or moderate in the indulgence
of lawful pleasm-e ; chaste. 2. Restrained ; moderate ;
temperate. 3. Opposmg ; restraining. .4. Continuous ;
comiected ; not intenupted. Breretcoud.
CON'TI-NENT, 77. 1. In geography, a" great extent of land,
not disjoined or interrupted by a sea ; a connected tract
of land of great extent ; as the'eastern and western con-
tinent. 2. That which contains any thing ; [not used.]
Shak.
CON-TI-NENT'AL, a. Pertaining or relating to a conti-
nent.— In .America, pertaining to the United States, as
continental moneyj in distinction from what ijertains to
the separate states ; a word much used during the revolu ■
tion.
CON'TI-NENT-LY, adv. In a continent manner ; chaste ■
ly ; moderately ; temperately.
t CON-TINGE',' u. i. [L. contingo.] To touch; to hap-
pen.
CON-TIN'GENCE, ) n. [L. contingens.] 1. The quality
CON-TIN'6EN-CY, ) of bemg contingent or casual ; a
happening ; or the possibility of coming to pass. 2. Cas-
ualty ; accident ; fortuitous event.
CON-TIN'GENT, a. 1. Falling or coming by chance, that
is, without design or expectation on our part ; accidental ;
casual. — 2. In law, depending on an uncertainty.
CON-TIN'GENT, n. 1. A fortuitous event; that which
comes without our design, foresight or expectation. 2.
That Which falls to one in a division or apportionment
among a number ; a quota ; an equal or suitable shaie ;
proportion.
CON-TIN'GENT-LY, adv. Accidentally ; without design
or foresight.
CON-TIN'GENT-NESS, n. The state of being contingent ;
fortuitousness.
CON-TIN'U-AL, a. [Fr. continuel ; L. continuus.] 1. Pro-
ceeding without interruption or cessation ; unceasing ; not
intermitting ; used in reference to time. .2. Very fre-
quent ; often repeated. — 3. Continual fever, or continued
fever, a fever that abates, but never entirely intermits,
till it comes to a crisis ; thus distinguished from remitting
and intermitting fever. — 4. Continual claim, in law, a
claim that is made from time to time within every year or
day, to land or other estate, the possession of which can-
not be obtained without hazard. 5. Perpetual.
CON-TIN'U-AL-TiY, adv. 1. Without pause or cessation
unceasingly. 2. Very often ; in repeated succession
from time to time.
* Ses Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
CON
187
CON
CON-TIN'U-AL-NESS, 71. Permanence. Hales.
eON-TlN'U-ANCE, n. 1. A holding on or remaining in a
particular state, or in a course or series. Applied to time,
duration j a state of lasting. 2. Perseverance. 3. Abode :
residence. 4. Succession uninterrupted ; continuation \
a prolonging of existence. 5. Progression of time. — 6. In
law, the deferring of a suit, or the giving of a day for the
parties to a suit to appear. 7. In the United States, the
deferring of a trial or suit from one stated term of the
court to another. 8. Continuity ; resistance to a separa-
tion of parts ; a holding together ; [not used.]
€ON-TIN'U-ATE, v. t. To join closely together. Potter.
eON-TIN'U-ATE, a. [L. continuatus.] 1. Immediately
united ; holding together. [Little used.] 2. Uninterrupt-
ed ; unbroken. [Little v^ed,]
€ON-TIN'C-ATE-LY, adv. Wiih continuity ; without in-
terruption. [Little used.]
€ON-TIN-U-A'TION, n. [L. continuatio.] 1. Extension of
existence in a series or line ; succession uninterrupted. 2.
Extension or carrying on to a further point. 3. Extension
in space ; production ; a canying on in length.
eON-TIN'U-A-TlVE, n. 1. An expression noting perma-
nence or duration. — 2. In grammar, a word that contin-
ues.
€ON-TIN-Lr-A'TOR, n. One who continues or keeps up a
series or succession.
€ON-TIN'UE, V. i. [Fr. continuer ; L. continuo^] 1. To
remain in a state, or place ; to abide for any time indefi-
nitely. 2. To last ; to be durable ; to endure ; to be per-
manent. 3. To persevere ; to be steadfast or constant in
any course.
eON-TIN'UE, V. t. 1. To protract ; not to cease from or to
terminate. 2. To extend from one thing to another j to
produce or draw out in length. 3. To persevere in ; not
to cease to do or use. 4. To hold to or unite ; [not used.]
€ON-TIN'UED, p/;. 1. Drawn out; protracted; produced;
extended in length ; extended without interruption, 2.
a. Extended in time without intermission ; proceeding
without cessation ; unceasing, — Continued propo^-tion, m
arithmetic, is where the consequent of the first ratio is the
same with the antecedent of the second j as 4 : 8 : : 8 : 16,
in contradistinction from discrete proportion.
€ON-TIN'[J-ED-LY, adv. Without intenuption ; without
ceasing. JSTorris.
€ON-TIN'U-ER, n. One who continues ; one that has the
power of perseverance.
€ON-TIN'U-ING, ppr. 1. Remaining fixed or permanent ;
abiding ; lasting ; enduring ; persevering ; protracting ;
producing in length. 2. a. Permanent.
€ON-TI-Nu'I-TY. n. PL continv.if.as 1 Connection unin-
terrupted ; cohesion ; close union of parts ; unbroKen tex-
ture.
€ON-TIN'U-OUS, a. [L. continuus.] Joined without in-
tervening space.
€OXi-TORT', V. t. [L. contorqueo, contortus.] To twist to-
gether ; to writhe.
eON-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted together.
€ON-TOR'TION, ) n. [Fr, contorsion.] I. A twisting ; a
eON-TOR'SION, ) writhing ; a wresting ; a twist ; wry
motion. — 2. In medicine, a twisting or wresting of a limb
or member of the body out of its natural situation ; the
iliac passion ; partial dislocation ; distorted spine ; con-
tructGd nGck.
€ON-T5UR', n. [Fr. contour.] The outline ; the line that
defines or terminates a figure.
€ON-ToUR'NI-A-TED, a. Having edges appearing as if
turned in a lathe.
€ON'TRA A Latin preposition signifying against, in op-
position, entering into the composition of some English
words.
€ON'TRA-BAND, a. [It, contrahbando ; Fr. contrebande.l
Prohibited. — Contraband goods are such as are prohibited
to be imported or exported, either by the laws of a! partic-
ular kingdom or state, or by the law of nations, or by spe-
cial treaties.
€ON'TRA-BAND, n. 1. Prohibition of trading in goods
contrary to the laws of a state or of nations. 2. Illegal
traffick,
eON'TRA-BAND, v. t. To import goods prohibited.
€ON'TRA-BAND-I§T,«. One who trafiicks illegally.
eON-TRA€T', ?). t. [L. contraho, contractum.] L To draw
together or nearer ; to draw into a less compass, either in
length or breadth ; to shorten ; to abridge ; to narrow ; to
lessen. 2. To draw the parts together; to wrinkle. 3.
To betroth ; to affiance. 4. To draw to ; to brin» on ; to
incur ; to gain. 5. To shorten by omission of a letter or
syllable. 6. To epitomize ; to abridge.
CON-TRACT', v.i. 1. To shrink; to become shorter or
narrower. 2. To bargain ; to make a mutual agreement,
as between two or more persons. '
CON-TRACT', for contracted, pp. Affianced ; betrothed.
Shak.
CON'TRACT, n. 1. An agreement or covenant between
two or more persons ; a mutual promise upon lawful con-
sideration or cause, which binds the parties or a perform-
ance ; a bargain ; a compact. 2 The act by which a man
and woman aie betrothed, each to the other. 3. The
writing which contains the agreement of parties with the
terms and conditions.
€ON-TRACT'ED, pp. 1. Drawn together, or into a short-
er or narrower compass ; shrunk ; betrothed ; incurred ;
bargained. 2. a. Narrow ; mean ; selfish.
CON-TRACT'ED-LY, adv. In a contracted manner.
CON-TRACT'ED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being contract-
ed. 2. Narrowness ; meanness ; excessive selfishness.
CON-TRACT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Possibility of being contract-
ed ; quality of sufifering contraction.,
CON-TRACT'I-BLE, a. Capable of contraction.
CON-TRACT'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of suffering
contraction ; contractibility. Diet.
CON-TRACT'iLE, a. Tending to contract; having the
power of shortening, or of drawing into smaller dimen-
sions.
CON-TRAC-TIL'I-TY, n. The inherent quality or force by
which bodies shrink or contract.
€ON-TRACT'ING, ppr. 1, Shortening or narrowing ; draw-
ing together ; lessening dimensions ; shrinking ; making
a bargain ; betrothing. 2. a. Making or having made a
contract or treaty ; stipulating.
CON-TRACTION, 7t. [L. contractio.] 1. The act of draw
ing together, or siirinking ; the act of shortening, narrow-
ing or lessening extent or dimensions, by causing the
parts of a body to approach nearer to each other ; the state
of being contracted. 2. The act of shortening, abridging,
or reducing within a narrower compass by any means.
— 3. In grammar, the shortening of a word, by the omis
sion of a letter or syllable. 4. A contract ; marriage con-
tract ; {not used.] 5. Abbreviation.
CON-TRACT'OR, n. 1. One who contracts ; one of the
parties to a bargain , one who covenants to do any thing
for another. 2. One who contracts or covenants with a
government to furnish provisions or other supplies, or to
perform any work or service for the public, at a certain
price or rate,
CON'TRA-DANCE, ) n. [Fr. contre-danse.] A dance in
COUN'TER-DANCE, ( which the partners are arranged
in opposition, or in opposite lines.
CON-TRA-DICT', w. t. [L. contradico.] 1. To oppose by
words ; to assert the contrary to what has been asserted,
or to deny what has been affirmed. 2. To oppose ; to be
directly contrary to.
CON-TRA-DICT'ED, pp. Opposed in words ; opposed ; de-
nied.
CON-TRA-DICT'ER, n. One who contradicts or denies ;
an opposer. Swift.
eON-TRA-DICT'ING,;7^r. Affirming the contrary to what
has been asserted ; denying ; opposing.
CON-TRA-DIC'TION, n. [L. contradictio.] 1. An asser-
tion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed :
denial ; contrary declaration. 2. Opposition, whether by
words, reproaches or attempts to defeat. 3, Direct oppo-
sition or repugnancy ; inconsistency with itself ; incon-
gruity or contrariety of things, words, thoughts or propo-
sitions,
tCON-TRA-DIC'TION-AL, a. Inconsistent.
CON-TRA-DIC'TIOUS, a. 1. Filled with contradictions :
inconsistent. 2, Inclined to contradict ; disposed to deny
ur cavil. 3. Opposite ; inconsistent,
CON-TRA-DIC'TIOUS-NESS, 71, 1, Inconsistency ; contra-
riety to itself, 2. Disposition to contradict or cavil.
CON-TRA-DICT'O-RI-LY, adv. In a contradictory man-
ner ; in a manner inconsistent with itself, or opposite to
others.
CON-TRA-DICT'O-RI-NESS, n. Direct opposition ; con-
trariety in assertion or effect.
CON-TRA-DICT'O-RY, a. \. Affirming the contrary ; im-
plying a denial of what has been asserted. 2 Inconsist •
ent ; opposite ; contrary.
CON-TRA-DICT'O-RY, ti. A proposition which denies or
opposes another in all its terms ; contrariety ; inconsist-
ency.
CON-TRA-DIS-TINCT , a. Distinguished by opposite qual-
ities.
CON-TRA-DIS-TINC'TION, n. Distinction by opposite
qualities
CON-TRA-DIS-TINCT IVE, a. Distinguishing by oppo-
sites. Harris.
CON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISH,7J. t. To distinguish, not mere-
ly by differential, but bv opposite qualities.
CON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISHED, pp. Distinguished by op
posites.
CON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. Distinguishing by
opposites.
CON-TRA-FIS'SURE, n. In surgery, a fissure or fracture
in the cranium, on the side opposite to that which receiv-
ed the blow, or at some distance from it.
CON-TR A-IN'DI-CANT, n. A symptom that forbids to treat
a disorder in the usual way. Burke.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,~€ as K ; 6as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
CON
188
CON
€0N-TRA-1N'DI-€ATE, v. t. In medicine, to ihdicate eome
method of cure, contrary to that which the general tenor
of the disease requiies ; or to forbid that to be done which
the main ecope of the malady points out.
€ON-TRA-IN-DI-eA'TION, n. An indication, from some
peculiar symptom or fact, that forbids the method of cure
which the main symptoms or nature of the disease re-
quires.
€ON'TRA-MURE, n. An out wall. See Countermure.
€ON-TRA-NAT'U-RAL, a. Opposite to nature. [L. u.]
€ON-TRA-Nl'TEN-CY, 71. Reaction ; resistance to force.
t €ON-TRA-PoSE', v. t. [L. contrapositus.] To place
against ; to set in opposition.
€ON-TRA-PO-Sl"TION, 71. A placing over against ; oppo-
site position.
eON-TRA-PUNT'IST, 71. One skilled in counterpoint.
eON-TRA-REG-U-LAR'I-TY, n. Contrariety to rule, or to
regularity.
€ON-TRa'RI-ANT, a. [Fr ] Contradictory ; opposite ; in-
consistent. [Little 2ised.]
€0N'TRA-RIES, n. phi. In logic, propositions which de-
stroy each other, but of which the falsehood of one does
not establish the truth of the other.
€ON-TRA-Rl'E-TY, n. [L. contrarietas.] I. Opposition in
fact, essence, quality or principle ; repugnance. 2. In-
consistency ; quality or position destructive of its oppo-
site.
€ON'TRA-RI-LY, adv. In an opposite manner ; in opposi-
tion ; on the other side ; in opposite ways.
€"ON'TRA-RI-NESS, n. Contrariety ; opposition.
eON-TRA'RI-OUS, a. Contrary ; opposite ; repugnant.
eON-TRA'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Contrarily ; oppositely. Skak.
€ON'TRA-RI-WlSE, adv. On the contrary ; oppositely ; on
the other hand.
€ON'TRA-RY, a. [L. contrarius.] 1. Opposite ; adverse ;
moving against or in an opposite direction. 2. Opposite ;
contradictory ; not merely different, but inconsisteirt or
repugnant. — This adjective, in many phrases, is to be
treated grammatically as an adverb, or as an adjective re-
ferring to a sentence or affirmation 5 as, this happened
contrary to my expectations.
€ON'TRA-RY, ti. 1. A thing that is contrary or of opposite
qualities. 2. A proposition contrary to another, or a fact
contrary to what is alledged. — On the contrary, in opposi-
tion; on the other side. — To the contrary, to an opposite
purpose, or fact.
t eONiTRA-RY, V. t. [Fr. contrarier.] To contradict or op-
pose.
€ON'TRA-RY-MlND'ED, a. Of a different mind or opin-
ion. Hall.
eOiV-TRAST', V. t. [Fr. contraster.] 1. To set in opposi-
tion two or more figures of a like kind, with a view to
show the difference or dissimilitude. 2. To exhibit dif-
ferences or dissimilitude in painting and sculpture, by po-
sition or attitude, either of the whole figure or of its mem-
bers ; or to show to advantage by opposition or diflference
of position. 3. To set in opposition different things or
(lualities, to show the superior excellence of one to ad-
vantage.
CON'TRAST, n. 1. Opposition or dissimilitude of figures,
by which one contributes to the visibility or effect of the
other. 2. Opposition, or difference of position, attitude,
&c., of figures, or of their several members ; as in paint-
ing and sculpture. 3. Opposition of things or qualities;
or the placing of opposite things in view, to exhibit the
superior excellence of one to more advantage.
€ON-TRaST'ED, pp. get in opposition ; examined in op-
position.
€0N-TRAST'ING, ppr. Placing in opposition, with a view
to discover the difference of figures or other things, and
exhibit the advantage or excellence of one beyond that of
the other.
CON'TRA-TEN'OR, n. In music, a middle part between
the tenor and treble ; counter.
eON'TRATE-WHEEL, 71. In loatchworJc, the wheel next
to the crown, the teetn and hoop of which lie contrary to
those of the other wheels, whence its name.
eON-TRA-VAL-LA'TION, n. [Fr. contrevallation.] In
fortification, a trench guarded with a parapet, thrown
round a place by the besiegers, to secure themselves, and
check the sallies of the garrison.
€ON-TRA-VeNE', v. t. [L. contravenio.] To oppose ; to
tjppose in principle or effect ; to contradict ; to obstruct in
operation ; to defeat.
CON-TRA-VeN'ED, (kon-tra-veend') pp. Opposed; ob-
structed.
tJON-TRA-VKN'ER, n. One who opposes.
CON-TRA-VeN'ING, ppr. Opposing in principle or effect.
eON-TRA-VEN'TION, n. Opposition ; obstruction ; a de-
feating of the operation or effect.
eON-TRA-VER'SION, n. [L. contra and versio.] A turn-
ing to the opposite side ; antistrophe.
eON-TRA-YER'VA, n. [Sp.j The genus of plants dorste-
€ON-TRE€-Ta'TION, n. [L. contrectatic] A touching oi
handling. Ferrand.
€ON-TRIB'U-TA-RY, a. Paymg tribute to the same sove-
reign ; contributing aid to the same chief or principal.
€0N-TRIB'TJTE, v. t. [L. contrihuo.] 1. To give or grant
in common with others ; to give to a common stock, or for
a common purpose ; to pay a share. 2. To impart a por-
tion or share to a common purpose.
€ON-TRIB'UTE, v i. To give a part ; to lend a portion of
power, aid or influence ; to have a share in any act or
effect.
€ON-TRIB'TJ-TED, pp. Given or advanced to a common
fund, stock or purpose ; paid as a share.
€ON-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Giving in common with others
to some stock or purpose ; imparting a share.
€ON-TRI-Bu'TION, n. 1. The act of giving to a common
stock, or in common with others ; the act of lendmg a
portion of power or influence to a common purpose ; the
payment of each man's share of some common expense.
2. That which is given to a common stock or purpose,
either by an individual or by many. — 3. In a military
sense, impositions paid by a frontier country, to secure
themselves from being plundered by the enemy's army ;
or impositions upon a country in the power of an enemy,
which are levied under various pretenses.
€ON-TRIB'U-TlVE, a. Tending to contribute; contrib-
uting ;, having the power or quality of giving a portion of
aid or influence ; lending aid to promote, in concurrence
with others.
€ON-TRIB'U-TOR, n. One who contributes; one who
gives or pays money to a common stock or fund.
€ON-TRIB'U-TO-RY, a. Contributmg to the same stock or
purpose ; promoting the same end ; bringing assistance to
some joint design, or increase to some common stock.
t €ON-TRIS'TATE, v. t. [L. contristo.] To make sorrow-
ful. Bacon.
t €ON-TRIS-Ta'TION, n. The act of makmg sad. Bacon
* eON'TRlTE, a. [L. contritus.] Literally, worn or bruis-
ed. Hence, broken-hearted for sin ; deeply affected with
grief and sorrow for having offended God ; humble ; peni-
tent.
*€ON'TRlTE-LY, a^y. In a contrite manner; with peni-
* €ON'TRlTE-NESS, n. Deep sorrow and penitence for
sin.
€ON-TRl"TION, n. [L.ccntritio.] 1. The act of grmding or
rubbing to powder. 2. Penitence ; deep sorrow for sin ;
grief of heart for having offended an infinitely holy and
benevolent God.
€ON-TRlV'A-BLE, a. That may be contrived ; capable of
being planned, invented, or devised^
€ON-TRlV'ANCE, n. 1. The act of inventuig, devising,
or planning. 2. The thing invented or planned ; a
scheme ; plan ; disposition of parts or causes by design.
3. Artifice; plot; scheme.
€ON-TRlVE', V. t. [Fr. controuver.'] 1. To invent; to de-
vise ; to plan. 2. To wear out ; [0&5.] Spender.
CON-TRlVE', v. i. To form or design ; to plan ; to scheme,
CON-TRiV'ED, (kon- trivd') pp. Invented ; planned ; de-
vised.
€ON-TRlVE'MENT, 71. Contrivance; invention.
CON-TRlV'ER, n. An inventor ; one who plans or devises ;
a schemer.
eON-TRIV'ING, ppr. Planning ; forming in design.
€ON-TRoL', ) 71. [Fr. controlle.] 1. Primarily, a book,
^€ON-TRoLL', \ register or account, kept to correct or
check another account or register; a counter-register.
Hence, check, restraint. 2. Power ; authority ; govern-
ment ; command. 3. He or that which restrains. Burke.
€ON-TRoL , )v.t. 1. To keep under check by a coun-
€ON-TRoLL', \ ter-register or double account. 2. To
check ; to restrain ; to govern. 3. To overpower ; to sub-
ject to authority ; to counteract ; to have under command.
4. To direct or govern in opposition; to have superior
force or authority over.
€ON-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. That may be controlled, checked
or restrained ; subject to command.
€ON-TRoLL'ED, (kon-trold') pp. Checked; restrained;
governed.
€ON-TRoLL'ER, n. FNorm. countre-rouler.] I. One who
controls or restrains ; one that has the power or authority
to govern or control. 2. An oflicer appointed to keep a
counter-register of accounts, or to oversee, control or verify
tlie accounts of other officers ; as, in Great Britain, the
controller of the hanaper, of the household, of the pipe, and
of the pells.— In the United States, the duty of the con-
troller of the treasury is to superintend the adjustment
and preservation of the public accounts.
eON-TRoLL'ER-SHIP, n. The office of a controller.
€ON-TRoL'MENT, J 71. 1. The power or act of control!
€ON-TRoLL'MENT, \ ing ; the state of being restrained
control ; restraint. 2. Opposition ; resistance ; counter
action ; refutation.
t €ON-TRO-VER'SA-RY, a. Disputatious. Bp. Hall.
See Sijnopsis. A E, I, O, IJ, ^, long.— FMi, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD
■f Obsolete.
CON
189
CON
\ eON'TRO-VERSE, n. and v. Controversy, and to dis-
pute.
t€ON'TRO-VERS-ER, or t€ON'TRO-VERS-OR, n. A
disputant. Mountagu
€ON-TRO-VER'SIAL, a. Relating to disputes j as, a con-
troversial discourse,
€ON-TRO-VER'SIAL-IST, n. One who cfirries on a con-
troversy ; a disputant.
t€ON'TRO-VER'SI-LESS, a. Not admitting controversy;
questionless.
eON'TRO-VER-SY, n. [L. coniroversia.] 1. Dispute ; de-
bate ; agitation of contrary opinions. A dispute is com-
monly oral, and a controversy in writing. Johnson. 2. A
suit in law ; a case in which opposing parties contend for
their respective claims before a tribunal. 3. Dispute; op-
position carried on. 4. Opposition : resistance.
€ON'TRO-VER-SY-WRlT'ER, n. A controversialist.
€ON'TRO-VERT, v. t. [L. controverto.] To dispute ; to
oppose by reasoning ; to contend against in words or writ-
ings ; to deny, and attempt to disprove or confute ; to agi-
tate contrary opinions.
€ON'TRO-VERT-ED, pj). Disputed ; opposed in debate.
€ON'TRO-VERT-ER, n. One who controverts ; a contro-
versial writer. B. Jonson.
eON-TRO-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may be disputed ; dis-
putable ; not too evident to exclude ditterence of opm-
ion.
€ON'TRO-VERT-ING, ppr. Disputing ; denying, and at-
temoting to refute.
eON'TRO-VERT-IST, n. One who controverts ; a dispu-
tant ; a man versed or engaged in controversy or disputa-
tion.
CON-TU-Ma'CIOUS, a. [L. contumax.] 1. Literally,
swelling against ; haughty. Hence, obstinate ; perverse ;
stubborn ; inflexible ; unyielding ; disobedient.— 2. In
law, wilfiilly disobedient to the orders of a court.
€0N-TU-Ma'CI0US-LY, adv. Obstinately; stubbornly;
perversely ; in disobedience of orders.
€ON-TU-Ma'CIOUS-NESS, n. Obstinacy; perverseness ;
stubbornness : contumacy.
€ON'TU-MA-CY, 71. [L. conttcmacia.] I. Stubbornness ;
unyielding obstinacy ; inflexibility. — 2. In law, a wilful
contempt and disobedience to any lawful summons or or-
der of court.
^€ON-TU-Me'LI-OUS, a. [L.contumeliosus.] 1. Haughti-
ly reproachful ; contemptuous ; insolent ; rude and sar-
castic. 2. Haughty and contemptuous ; disposed to utter
ifcproach, or to insult; insolent; proudly rude. 3. Re-
proachful ;_shameful ; ignominious.
€ON-TU-Me'LI-OUS-LY, adv. In a contumelious manner ;
with pride and contempt ; reproachfully ; rudely ; inso-
lently.
€ON-TU-Me'LI-OUS-NESS, 71. Reproach ; rudeness ; con-
tempt.
€0N'TU-ME-LY, n. [L contumelia.] Rudeness or re-
proach compounded of haughtiness and contempt ; con-
temptuousness ; insolence ; contemptuous language.
t €ON-TU'MU-LATE, V. f . [1.. contumulo.] To bury; to
lay in the grave.
eON-TUND', V. t. [L. contundo.] To beat; to bruise by
beating. [Little used.]
€ON-TuSE', V. t. [L. contusus.] To beat ; to bruise ; to in-
jure the flesh or substance of a living being or other thing
without breaking the sliin or substance, sometimes with a
breach of the skin or substance.
eON-Tu'SION, 71. [L. contusio.] 1. The act of beating
and bruising, or the state of being bruised. 2. The act
of reducing to powder or fine particles by beating.— 3. In
surgei-y, a bruise ; a hurt or injury to the flesJi or some
part of the body by a blunt instrument, or by a fall.
€0-NUN'DRUM, n. A low jest ; a mean conceit.
t€ON'U-SA-BLE, a. Liable to be tried or judged.
€ON'U-SANCE, n. [Fr. connoissance.] Cognizance ; knowl-
edge ; notice.
CON'CJ-SANT, a. Knowing ; having notice of.
CON-VA-LES'CENCE, ) n. [L. convalesce] Renewal of
€ON-VA-LES'CEN-CY, \ health ; the insensible recovery
of health and strength after disease ; the state of a body
renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness.
eON-VA-LES'CENT, a. Recovering health and strength
after sickness or debility.
€0N-VAL'-LA-RY,7i. A genus of plants, convallaria.
CON-VeN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be convened or assem-
bled. _2, Consistent; [obs.] Spenser.
CON-YkNW,v. i. [Li. convenio.] 1. To come together ; to
meet; to unite, as things; [unusual.] 2. To come to-
gether ; to meet in the same place ; to assemble, as per-
sons. _
CON-VeNE', v.t. 1. To cause to assemble ; to call togeth-
er; to convoke. 2. To summon judicially to meet or
appear.
€ON-VeN'ED, (kon-veend') pp. Assembled ; convoked.
€ON-VeN'ER, n. One who convenes or meets with others ;
one who calls together.
€0N-VeN'IENCE, In. [L. convenientia.] 1. Fitness,
€ON-VeN'IEN-CY, \ suitableness ; propriety ; adaptation
of one thing to another, or to circumstances. 2. Commo-
diousness ; ease ; freedom from difiiculty. 3. That whicli
gives ease ; accommodation ; that which is suited to
wants_or necessity. 4. Fitness of time or place.
€ON-VeN'IENT, a. Fit ; suitable ; proper ; adapted to use
or to wants ; commodious.
€ON-VeN'IENT-LY, adv. 1. Fitly ; suitably ; with adapt-
ation to the end or eflect. 2. Commodiously ; with ease ;
without trouble or difficulty.
€ON-VeN'ING, ppr. Coming together ; calling together.
€ON-VeN'ING, n. The act of coming together; conven-
tion.
CON'VENT, n. [L. conventus.] 1. An assembly of per-
sons devoted to religion ; a body of monks or nuns. 2. A
house for persons devoted to religion ; an abbey ; a mou-
astery ; a nunnery.
CON-VENT', V. t. [L. conventus.] To call before a judge or
judicature. Shak.
fCON-VENT', 7J. i. To meet; to concur.
* €ON-VENT'I-CLE, n. [L. conventiculum.] 1. An as-
sembly or meeting ; usually applied to a meeting of dis-
senters from the established church, for religious worship.
Hence, an assembly, in contempt. — In the United States,
this word has no appropriate application. 2. A secret as-
sembly or cabal ; a meeting for plots.
* CON-VENT'I-CLE, v. i. To belong to a conventicle.
* eON-VENT'I-CLER, n. One who supports or frequents
conventicles. Dry den.
€ON-VEN'TION, 71. [L. conventix).] 1. The act of coming
together; a meeting of several persons or individuals. 2.
Union; coalition. 3. An assembly. In this sense the
word includes any formal meeting or collection of men for
civil or ecclesiastical pui-poses. 4. An agreement or con-
tract between two parties, as between the commanders of
two annips ; an agreement previous to a definitive treaty.
eON-VEN'TION-AL, a. [Fr. conventionnel.] Stipulated ;
formed by agreement.
€ON-VEN'TI0N-A-RY, a. Acting under contract ; settled
by stipulation ; conventional.
CON-VEN'TION-ER, 71. One who belongs to a convention.
CON-VEN'TION-IST, n. One who makes a contract.
€ON-VENT'U-AL, a. [Fr. conventuel.] Belonging to a
convent ; monastic.
€ON-VENT'U-AL, n. One that lives in a convent ; a monk
or nun. Addison.
C0N-VER6E', (kon-verj') v. i. [Low L. convergo.] To
tend to one point ; tc incline and approach nearer togeth-
er, as two lines which continually approach each other ;
opposed to diverge.
€0N-VER0'ENCE, ) n. The quality of converging ; ten-
CON-VERG'EN-CY , \ dency to one point.
C0N-VER6'ENT, a. Tending to one point ; approaching
each other, as they proceed or are extending.
CON-VERG'ING, ppr. Tending to one point ; approaching
each other, as lines extended. — Converging rays, in optics,
those rays of light, which, proceeding from different
points of an object, approach, meet and cross, and become
diverging rays. — Converging series, in mathematics, is
that in which the magnitude of the several terms gradual-
ly diminishes. Encyc.
€ON-VERS'A-BLE, a. [It. conversabile ; Fr. conversalU.]
Q-ualified for conversation, or rather disposed to converse ;
ready or inclined to mutual communication of thoughts ;
sociable ; free in discourse.
CON-VERS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being free in
conversation ; disposition or readiness to converse ; socia
bility.
eON-VERS'A-BLY, adv. In a conversable manner.
* CON'VER-SANT, a. [It. conversante.] 1. Keeping com-
pany ; having frequent or customary intercourse ; inti-
mately associating ; familiar by fellowship or cohabita-
tion ; acquainted. 2. Acquainted by familiar use or
study. 3. Concerning ; having concern or relation to ;
having for its object.
CON-VER-Sa'TION., n. 1. General course of manners ; be-
havior; deportment; especially as it respects morals. 2
A keeping company ; familiar intercourse ; intimate fellow-
ship or association ; commerce in social life. 3. Intimate
and familiar acquaintance. 4. Familiar discourse ; gen-
eral intercourse of sentiments ; chat ; unrestrained talk ,
opposed to a formal conference.
t CON-VER-Sa'TIONED, a. Acquainted with the manner
of acting in life.
CON-VER-Sa'TION-IST, 71. One who distinguishes him-
self in conversation. A modern word.
eON-VERS'A-TlVE, a. Relating to an intercourse witn
men. ^
CON-VER-SA-ZI-o'NE, n. [It.] A meeting of company.
Gray.
CON-VERSE', (kon-vers') v. i. [L. conversor.] 1. To keep
company ; to associate ; to cohabit ; to hold intercourse
and be intimately acijuainted. 2. To have sexual
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in <Ai5 t Obsolete
CON
190
CON
commerce. 3 To talk familiarly ; to have free inter-
course In mutual cominunication of tlaougJits and opin-
ions ; to convey thoughts reciprocally.
CON' Verse, n. l. Coiiversation ; familiar discourse or
talk ; free interchange of thoughts or opmions. 2. Ac-
quainLcLTice by frequent or customary intercourse ; cohabi-
tation ; familiarly. — 3. In mathematics, an opposite prop-
osition.
€!0N' VERSE, a. Opposite or reciprocal.
CON'VERSE-LY, adv. With change of order ; in a con-
trary order ; reciprocally.
eOX-VER'SION, n. [L. coiiversio.'] 1. Im. general sense,
a turning or change frour one state to another ; with re-
gard to substances, transmutation. — 2. In military affairs,
a change of front, as when a body of troops is attacked in
the flank, and they change their position to face the ene-
my. — 3. In a theoLoffical or moral sense, a change of heart,
or dispositions, succeeded by a refonnation of life. 4.
Change from one side or party to another. 5. A cnange
from one religion to another. 6. The act of appropriating
10 private use. — Conversion of equations, in algebra, the
reduction of equations by multiplication, or the manner
of altering an equation, when the quantity sought, or any
memlx^r of it, is a fraction ; the reducing of a fractional
equation into an integral one. — Conversion of propositions,
in logic, is a changing of the subject into the place of the
predicate, and still retaining the quality of the proposi-
tion. — Conversion of the ratios, m arithmetic, is the com-
paring of the antecedent with the difference of the ante-
cedent and consequent, in two equal ratios or proportions.
t eON-VERSTVE, a. Conversable.
eON-VERT', V. t. [L. converto.] 1. To change or turn into
another substance or fonn. 2, To change from one state
to another. 3. To change or turn from one religion to
another, or from one party or sect to another. 4. To turn
from a bad life to a good one ; to change the heart and
moral character, from enmity to God, and from vicious
habits, to love of God and to a holy life. 5. To turn to-
ward a point ; [unusual.'] 6. To "turn from one use or
destination to another. 7. To appropriate or apply to
one's own use, or to personal benefit. 8. 1 o change'one
proposition into another, so that what was the subject of
the first becomes the predicate of the second. 9. To turn
into another language.
eON-VERT', V. i. To turn or be changed ; to undergo a
change.
CONVERT, n. 1. A person who is converted from one
opinion or practice tc another ; a person who renounces
one creed, religious system or party, and embraces an-
other. 2. In a more strict sense, one who is turned fi-om
sin to holiness. — 3. In monasteries, a lay-friar or brother,
admitted to the service of the house, without orders, and
not allowed to sing in the choir.
CON-VERT'ED, pp. Turned or changed from one substance
or state to another ; turned from one religion or sect to an-
other ; changed from a state of sin to a state of holiness ;
applied to a particular use : appropriated.
CON-VERT'ER, n. One who converts 3 one who makes
converts.
eON-VERT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being possible
to be converted or changed from one substance, form or
state to ancther. Burke. 2. The quality of being change-
able from one letter to another.
CON-VERT'I-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be changed ; sus-
ceptible of change ; transmiitabte ; transformable. 2. So
much alike that one may be used for another. 3. That
may be changed, as one letter for another.
CON-VERT'I-BLY, adv. Reciprocally ; with interchange of
terms.
tCOxVVERT-lTE, 71. A convert.
CON'VEX, a. [L. convexus.l Rising or swelling on the ex-
terior surface into a spherical or round fonn ; gibbous ;
opposed to concave, which expresses a round form of the
interior surface.
CON'VEX, n. A convex body 5 as, heaven's convex.
eON'VEXED, a. Made convex : protuberant in a spherical
form.
CON-VEX'ED-LY, adv. In a convex form.
CON-VEX'I-TY, ?i. [L. convexitas.^, The exterior surface
of a convex body ; a gibbous or globular form ; roundness.
CON'VEX-LY, a'dv In a convex form.
CON'VEX-NESS, n. Convexity, which see.
CON-VEX '0-€ON'€AVE, a. Convex on one side and con-
cave on the other ; having the hollow on the inside cor-
responding to tlie convex surface.
CON-VEX'6-CON'VEX, a. Convex on both sides.
CON-VEY', V. t. [L, conveho.] 1. To carry, bear or trans-
port, either by land or water, or in air. 2. To pass or
cause to pass ; to transmit. 3. To transfer ; to pass a title
to any thing from one pereon to another, as by deed, as-
signment or otherwise. 4. To cause to pass ; to transmit ;
to carry, by any medium. 5. To manage ; to cany on ;
[not used.] 6. To impart ; to communicate.
t CON-VEY', V. i. To play the thief. Shak.
CON-VEY'A-BLE, a. That may be conveyed or transferred
Burke.
CON-VEY' ANCE, n. 1. The act of conveying ; the act of
bearing, carrying, or transporting, by land or water, or
through any medium. 2. The act of transmitting, or
transferring, as titles, estates or claims, from one person to
another ; transmission ; transferrence ; assignment. 3.
The instrument or means of passing a thing from place to
place, or person to person. 4. Removal ; the act of remov-
ing or carrying. 5. Management ; artifice ; secret prac-
tices ; [ois.]
CON-VEY'AN-CER, 71. One whose occupation is to draw
conveyances of property, deeds, &:c.
CON-VEY' AN-CING, n. The act or practice of drawing
deeds, leases or other writings for transferring the title t.»
property from one person to another.
CON-VEY'ER, n. 1. One who conveys; he or that whicl/
conveys, carries, transports, transmits or transfers from
one person or place to another. 2. A juggler.
GON-VEY'ING, ppr. Carrying; transporting; transferring.
CON-VI-CTN'I-TY, 71. Neighborhood ; vicinity. War ion.
CON-VICT', V. t. [L. convinco, convictJim.~\ 1. To deter-
mine the truth of a charge against one ; to prove or find
guilty of a crime charged ; to determine or decide to be
guilty. 2. To convince of sin ; to prove or determine to
be guilty, as by the conscience. 3. To confute ; to prove
or show to be false ; [obs.] 4. To show by proof or evi-
dence ; [obs.]
CON-VICT', pp. for convicted. Proved or found guilty.
Shak.
CON'VICT, 71. A person proved or found guilty of a crime
alledged against him, either by the verdict of a jury or
other legal decision.
CON-VICT'ED, pp. Proved or determined to be guilty,
either by verdict of a jury or by the decision of con-
science.
CON-VICT'ING, ppr. Proving or finding guilty. .
CON-VICTION, 71. 1. The act of proving, finding or de-
termining to be guilty of an offense charged against a per-
son before a legal tribunal. 2. The act of convincing, or
compelling one to admit the truth of a charge ; the act of
convincing of sin or sinfulness ; the state of being con-
vinced or convicted by conscience ; the state of being sen-
sible of guilt. 3. The act of convincing of error ; confuta-
tion , the act of compelling one to acknowledge his error,
Of the truth of what is alledged.
CON-VICT'IVE, a. Having the power to convince or con-
vict.
CON-VIC'TIVE-LY, adv. In a convincing manner.
CON-VINCE', V. t. [L. co7ivinco.] 1. To persuade or satisfy
the mind by evidence ; to subdue the opposition of the
mind to truth, or to what is alledged, and compel it to
yield its assent. 2. To convict ; to prove guilty ; to con-
strain one to admit or acknowledge himself to be guilty.
3. To evince ; to prove ; [obs.] Shak. 4. To overpower ;
to surmount ; to vanquish ; [obs.] Shak.
CON-VIN'CED, (kon-vinsf) pp. Persuaded in mind ; satis-
fied with evidence ; convicted.
CON-VINCE'MENT, 71. Conviction. [Little used.]
CON-VIN'CER, n. He or that which convinces ; tiiat which
makes manifest.
CON-VIN'CI-BLE, a. 1. Capable of conviction. 2. Capable
of being disproved or refuted; [little used.]
CON-VIN'CING, ppr. 1. Persuading the mind by evidence ;
convicting. 2. a. Persuading the mind by evidence ; ca-
pable of subduing the opposition of the mind and compel-
ling its assent.
CON-VIN'CING-LY, adv. In a convincing manner ; in a
manner to leave no room to doubt, or to compel assent.
CON-VIN'CING-NESS, 71. The power of convincmg.
t CON-Vi"TIOUS, a. [L. convitior.] Reproachful.
t CON- VIVE', V. t. To entertain ; to feast. Shak.
CON-VIV'I-AL, a. [L. convivalis.] Relating to a feast or
entertainment ; festal ; social ; jovial.
CON-VIV-I-AL'I-TY, 71. 1. The good humor or mirth in-
dulj^ed at an entertainment. 2. A convivial spirit or dis-
position.
CON'VO-CATE, V. t. [L. convoco.] To convoke ; to call or
summon to meet ; to assemble by summons.
CON-VO-Ca'TION, n. [L. cojivocatio.] 1. The act of call-
ing or assembling by summons. 2. An assembly. — 3. In
England, an assembly of the clergy, by their representa-
tives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs. 4. An acca-
demical assembly, in which the bushiess of the university
is trarisacted .
CON-VoKE', V. t. [L. convoco.] To call together; to sum-
mon to meet ; to assemble by summons.
CON-VoK'ED, (kon-vokf) pp. Summoned or assembled by
order._
CON-VoK'ING, ppr. Summoning to convene ; assembling
CON VO-LUTE, I a. Rolled together, or one part on an
CON'VO-LTJ-TED, ( other.
CON-VO-LtJ'TION, n. [L. coiwolutio.] 1. The act of roll-
ing or winding together, or one thing on another ; the
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ,— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
coo
191
COP
state of being rolled together. 2. A winding or twisting ;
a winding motion.
eON-VOLVE', (kon-volv') v. t. [L, convnlvo.] To roll or
wind together ; to roll one part on another.
eON-VOLV'U-LUS, n. [L.] Bindweed, a genus of plants
of many species.
€ON-VOY', V. t. [Fr. convoyer.] To accompany on the way
for protection, either by sea or land.
€ON'VOY, n. 1. A protecting force accompanying ships or
property on their way from place to place, either by sea
or land. By sea, a ship oi ships of war which accompany
merchantmen for protection from an enemy. By land,
any body of troops which accompany provisions, ammu-
nition or other property for protection. 2. The ship or
ileet conducted and protected ; that which is conducted
by a protecting force ; that which is convoyed. 2. The
act of attending for defense. 4. Conveyance ; [ohs.]
Shak,
CON-VOY'ED, (kon-voyd') pp. Attended on a passage by a
protecting force.
eON-VOY'IN.G, ppr. Attending on a voyage or passage for
defense from enemies ; attending and guarding.
,€ON-VULSE', (kon-vuls') v. t. [L. convalsiis.] 1. To draw
or contract, as the muscular parts of an animal body ; to
affect by irregular spasms. 2, To shake ; to affect by vio-
lent, irregular action.
€ON-VULS'ED, (kon-vulsf) pp. Contracted by spasms j
shaken violently.
€ON-VULS'ING, ppr. Affecting by spasmodic contractions ;
shaking with violence.
eO>f-VUL'SION, ?t. [L. coiwulsio.] 1. A preternatural,
violent and involuntary contraction of the muscular parts
of an animal body. 2. Any violent and irregular motion ;
tumult; commotion,
€ON-VUL'SIVE, a. 1. That produces convulsion. 2. At-
tended with convulsion or spasms.
eON-VUL'SIVE-LY, adv. With violent shaking or agita-
tion.
*€o'NY, or * eo'NEY, n. [D. Jconyn.] A rabbit ; a quad-
ruped of the genus lepus, which has a short tail and naked
ears.
*€o'KT-BUR-IloW, n. A place where rabbits burrow in
the earth.
*€o'NY-€ATCH, v.i. In the cant of thieves, to cheat ; to
bite ; to trick. Shak.
t * €o'NY-€ATCH'ER, n. A thief; a cheat ; a sharper.
t * €o'NY-€ATCH'ING, n. Banter. Shak
eOO, V, i. To cry, or make a low souna, as pigeons or doves.
Thomson.
COO'ING, ppr. Uttering a low sound, as a dove.
€00'ING, n. Invitation, as the note of tlie dove.
€OOK, V. t, [Sax. gecocnian ; D. kooken.] 1. To prepare,
as victuals for the table, by boiling, roasting, baking, broil-
ing, &c. To dress, as meat or vegetables, for eating. 2.
To prepare for any purpose. 3. To throw ; [obs. or local.]
Grose.
COOK, V. i. To make the noise of the cuckoo.
COOK, n. [Sax. coc ; D. kok.] One whose occupation is to
prepare victuals for the table ; a man or woman who
dresses meat or vegetables for eating.
COOKED, pp. Prepared for tlie table.
COOK'ER-Y, n. The art or the practice of dressing and pre-
paring victuals for the table.
COOK'ING, ppr. Preparing victuals for the table.
C06K'MaID, n. A female servant or maid who dresses
provisions.
COOK'ROOM, n. A room for cookery ; a kitchen. On
ijo'ard of ships, a galley or caboose.
COOL, a. [Sax. col.] 1. Moderately cold ; being of a tem-
perature between hot and cold. 2. Not ardent or zealous ;
not angry ; not fond ; not excited by passion of any kind ;
iodifferent. 3. Not hasty ; deliberate ; calm. 4. Not re-
taining heat ; light.
COOL, 71. A moderate state of cold ; moderate temperature
of the air between liot and cold.
COOL, V. t. [Sax. coUan, acolian.] 1. To allay heat ; to
make cool or cold : to reduce the temperature of a sub-
stance. 2. To moderate excitement of temper ; to allay,
i),3 passion of any kind ; to calm, as anger ; to abate, as
love ; to moderate, as desire, zeal or ardor ; to render in-
different.
COOL, v. i. 1. To become less hot ; to lose heat. 2. To
lose the heat of excitement or passion ; to becoine less ar-
dent, angry, zealous, or affectionate ; to become more
moderate..
COOL-CUP, n. A beverage that is cooling.
COOLED, 2)p. Made less hot, or less ardent.
COOL'ER, n. 1. That which cools ; any substance which
abates heat or excitement. 2. A vessel in which liquors
or other things are cooled.
COOIi'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a temper not easily excited ;
free from passion. Burke.
COOL'ING, ppr. Abating heat or excitement ; making or
becoming cool.
COOL'ISH, a. Somewhat cool. Goldsmith.
COOL'LY, adv. 1. Without heat or sharp cold. 2. In a cool
or indifferent manner ; not cordially ; without passion or
ardor. 3. Without haste ; calmly ; deliberately.
COOL'NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of cold ; a tempera-
ture between cold and heat. 2. A moderate degree, or a
want of passion ; want of ardor or zeal ; indifference ;
want of affection ; as, they paned with coolness.
COOM, n. [Fr, camhouis.] Soot that gathers over an oven's
mouth ; also, the matter that works out of the naves or
boxes of carriage wheels.
COOMB, or COMB, n. [qu. L. cumulus.] A ^ty measure of
four bushels, or half p. quarter.
COOP, n. [D. kuip.] 1. A box of boards, grated or barred
on one side, for keeping fowls in conhnement. 2. A pen ;
an inclosed place for small animals. 3. A barrel or cask
for the preservation of liquors. 4. A tumbrel or close cart.
COOP, V. t. To put in a coop ; to confine iji a coop ; to sJuit
up or confine in a narrow compass.
COOPED, pp. Shut up in a coop ; confined to narrow limits.
COOP'ER, n. One whose occupation is to make barreis,
hogsheads, butts, tubs and casks of various kinds.
COOP'ER-AGE, n. The price paid for cooper's work ; also,
a place where cooper's work is done.
CO-OP'ER-ANT, a. Working together ; laboring to the same
end. Bp. J^icholson.
CO-OP'ER-ATE, V. i. [L. con and opero ; Fr. cooperer.]
1. To act or operate jomtly with another or others to the
same end ; to work or labor with mutual efforts to pro-
mote the same object. 2. To act together ; to concur ni
proaucing the same effect.
CO-OP'ER-A-TING, ppr. Acting or operating together.
CO-OP-ER-A'TION, 71. The act of working, or operating
together, to one end ; j oint operation ; concurrent effort
or labor.
CO-OP'ER-A-TlVE, a. Operating jointly to the same end.
€0-0P'ER-A-T01l, 71. One who endeavors jointly with
others to promote the same end.
COO'PIE. See Coupee.
)- CO-OP'TATE, v.t. [L. coopto.] To choose, or choose
with another.
CO-OP-Ta'TI ON, 7J. Adoption; assumption. Howell.
CO-OR'DI-NATE, a. [L, con and ordinatus.] Being of
equal order, or of the same rank or degree ; not subordi-
nate,
CO-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. In the same order or rank ; in
equal degree ; without subordination.
C0-0R'DI-NATE-NESS,7/. The state of being co-ordinate ;
equality of rank and aufhority.
CO-OR-DI-Na'TION,?!, The state of holding equal rank,
or of standing in the same relation to something higher.
COOT, n. [D. kort,] A fowl of the gunasf tUica, frequent-
ing lakes and other still waters.
COP, n. [Sax. cop, or copp.} The head or top of a thing, a.s
in cob-castle for cop-castle, a-castle on a hill ; a tuft on the
head of birds. Chancer.
CO-PaI'BA, n. [Sp,, Port.] Balsam of copaiba, or capivi,
is a liquid, resinous juice, flowing from incisions made in
the stem of a tree called copaifera officinalis.
Co'PAL, 71. [Mexican, copalli.] The concrete juice of a tree
growing in Mexico.
CO-PAR'CE-NE-RY, n. Partnership in inheritance ; joint
heirship ; joint right of succession, or joint succession to
an estate of inheritance,
CO-PAR'CE-NER, n. [con and parcener.] A coheir ; one
who has an equal portion of the inheritance of his or her
ancestor with others.
CO-PAR'CE-N Y, n. An equal share of an inheritance.
t CO-PART'MENT, n. The same as compartment.
CO-PART'NER, n. [con and partner.] 1. One who has a
share in a common stock for transacting business, or who
is jointly concerned with one or more persons, in carrying
on trade or other business ; a partner ; an associate, par-
ticularly in trade or manufactures. 2. A sharer ; a par-
taker.
CO-PART'NER-SHIP, n. 1. Joint concern in business ; a
state of having a joint share in a common stock, or a joitit
interest and concern in business, particularly in trade ana
manufactures. 2. The persons who have a joint concerr).
t €Z) PA-TAN, n. High raised ; pointed. Shak.
CO-PA Y'VA, n. A gum which distils from a tree in Brazil.
COPE, w. [W. cdb ; Sax. cwppc] 1. A cover for the head,
2. A .sacerdotal ornament or vestment worn in sacred
ministrations. 3. Any thing spread or extended over tho
head ; the arch or concave of the sky ; the roof or cover-
ing of a house ; the arch over a door, <&c. 4. An ancient
tribute due to the king or lord of the soil, out of the lead
mines in some part of Derbyshire.
COPE, V. t. I. To cover as with a cope. .Addison. 2 To
pare the beak or talons of a hawk. Bailey. 3. To em-
brace ; [obs.] Shak.
COPE, V. i. [Dan. kiv.] 1. To strive or contend on equal
terms, or with equal strength ; to equal in cam bat ; lo
match ; to oppose with success. Addison. 2. To conteiiJ ;
Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UMTE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; Til as in this, f Obsolete
COP
192
COR
lo strive or struggle ; to comhat. 3. To encounter ; to in-
terchange kindness or sentjiuent's 4. To make return;
10 reward j [obs.] 5. To exchange, or barter; lobs.]
Bailey.
r €oPE'MAN, n. A chapman Shak.
eO-PER'>fI-€AN, a. Pertaining to Copernicus.
* eoPES'MATE, n. A companion or friend.
eOP'IED, pp. Taken off; written or transcribed from an
original or form ; imitated.
eOPH-ER, or €OP^-JST, n. One who copies ; one who
writes or transcribes from an original or form; a tran-
scriber ; an imitator ; also, a plagiary.
€oP'INO, 71. The top or cover of a wall, made sloping to
carry off the water.
€o'Pl OUS, a. [Fr. copienx ; L. copiosus.] 1. Abundant ;
plentiful ; in great quantities ; full ; ample ; furnishing
full supplies. 2. Furnishing abundant matter; not bar-
ren ; rich in supplies.
€o'PI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Abundantly ; plentifully ; in large
quantities. 2. Largsly ; fully ; amply ; diffusely.
€o'PI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Abundance ; plenty ; great quanti-
ty ; full supply. 2. Diffusiveness of style or manner of
treating a subject.
€o'PIST, n. A copier ; an ill-formed word.
€OP'LAND, 71. A piece of ground tenninating in a cop, or
acute angle. [JVut used in .America.]
t€0-PLANT', V. t. I'o plant together. Howel.
t eO-PoR'TION, n. Equal share. Spenser.
eOP'PED, or eOP'PLED, a. Rising to a point, or head.
eOP'PEL. See Cupel.
COP'PER, n. [D. koper ; G. Jcupfer ; Sw. koppar.] A metal,
of a pale-red color, tinged with yellow. Next to gold, sil-
ver and platina, it is the most ductile and malleable of the
metals, and it is more elastic than any metal except steel,
and the most sonorous of all the metals.
COP'PER, a. Consisting of copper. Cleaveland.
COP'PER, 71. 1. A vessel made of copper, particularly a
large boiler. 2. Formerly, a small copper coin. Franklin.
COP'PER, V. t. To cover or sheathe with sheets of copper.
eOP'PER-AS, n. [Ft. couperose.] Sulphate of iron, or green
vitriol ; a salt of a peculiar astringent taste, and of various
colors, green, gray, yellowish, or whitish, but more usu-
ally green.
COP'PER-BOT'TOMED, a. Having a bottom sheathed with
copper.
eOP'PERED, pp. Covered with sheets of copper ; sheathed.
COP'PER-FAST'ENED, a. Fastened with copper bolts.
eOP'PER-ISH, a. Containing copper ; like copper, or par-
taking of it.
€OP'PER-NOSE, n. A red nose. Shak.
eOP'PER-PLATE, 71. A plate of copper, on which concave
lines are engraved or corroded, according to some deline-
ated figure or design.
COPTER-SMITH, n. One whose occupation is to manufac-
ture copper utensils.
COP'PER- Work, 71. A place where copper is wrought or
manufactured. Woodward.
COP'PER-WoRM, n. A little worm in ships ; a worm that
frets garments ; a worm that breeds in one's hand.
COP'PER-Y, a. Mixed with copper ; containing copper, or
made of copper; like copper in taste or smell.
COPTING. See Coping.
COPPICE, or COPSE, n. [Norm, coupii.} A wood of small
growth, or consisting of underwood or brushwood ; a
wood cut at certain times for fuel.
COPTLED, a. Rising to a point ; conical.
eOP'PLE-DUST, 7!. Powder used in purifying metals.
COP'PLE-STONES, n. Lumps and fragments of stone
broke from the adjacent cliffs, rounded liy being bowled
and tumbled to and again by the action of water. John-
son. — In JVew England, we pronounce this word cobble,
cobble-stones, and apply it to small, round stones, from
the size of an inch or two, to five or six inches or more,
in diameter, wherever they may be found.
COPSE. See Coppice.
COPSE, V. t. To preserve underwood. Swift.
COP'SY, a. Having copses. Dyer.
COPTIC, a. Pertaining to the descendants of the ancient
Egyptians, called Copts or Cophti.
COPTIC, n. The language of the Copts.
€OP'U-LA, n. [L.] In logic, the word which unites the
subject and predicate of a proposition.
COP'LJ-LATE, a. Joined. [Little used.]
COP'U-LATE, V. t. [L. copulo.] To unite ; to join in pairs.
[Little used.]
COP'U-LATE, v.L To unite in sexual embrace.
€OP-U-La'TION, n. [L. copulatio.] The act of coupling ;
the embrace of the sexes in the act of generation ; coition.
eOP'U-LA-TlVE, a. That unites or couples.— In grammar,
the copulative conjunction connects two or more subjects
or predicates.
eOP'U-LA-TIVE, n. 1. A copulative conjunction. 2.
Connection ; [not in use.]
COP'Y, 71. [Fr copie ; Arm. copy.] 1. A writing like an-
other writing ; a transcript from an original , or a book
printed according to the original ; hencf , any single book,
or set of books, containing a composition resembling the
original work. 2. The form of a pictme or statue accord-
ing to the original ; the imitation or likeness of any figure
draught, or almost any object. 3. An original work ; the
autograph ; the archetype ; that which is to be imitated m
writing or printing ; a pattern or example for imitation.
4. [L. copia.] Abundance ; [obs.]
COP'x , V. t. 1. To write, print or engrave, according to an
original ; to form a like work or composition by writing,
printing or engraving ; to transcribe. 2. To paint or draw
according to an original. 3. To form according to a mod-
el, as in architecture. 4. To imitate or attempt to resem-
ble ; to follow an original or pattern in manners or course
of life.
COP'Y, V. i. To imitate or endeavor to be like ; to do any
thing in imitation of something else.
COP'Y-BOOK, n. A book in which copies are written or
printed for learners to imitate.
COP'YED, pp. Transcribed ; imitated ; usually written
copied.
COP'Y-ER, n. One who copies or transcribes ; usually writ-
ten copier.
COP'Y-HoLD, n. In England, a tenure of estate by copy
of court roll ; or a tenure for which the tenant hath noth-
ing to show, except the roils made by the steward of the
lord's court. Blackstone.
COP'Y-HoLD-ER, n. One who is possessed of land in
copyhold.
COP'Y-IST, n. A copier ; a transcriber.
COP'Y-RlGHT, n. The sole right which an author has in
his own original literary compositions ; the exclusive right
of an author to print, publish and vend his own literaiy
works, for his own benefit; the like right in the hands
of an assignee.
CO-Q.UAL'LIN, n. A small quadruped of the squirrel kind,
but incapable of climbing trees.
CoOUE'LI-COT, or CoaUE'LI-CO, (koke'le-co) n. [Fr.]
Wild poppy ; corn rose ; hence, the color of wild poppy.
*CO-GUET', or CO-ClUETTE', (ko-kef, or ko-quet') n.
[Fr.] A vain, airy, triiiing girl, who endeavors to attract
admiration and advances in love, from a desire to gratify
vanity, and then rejects her lover ; a jilt.
* CO-Q.'UET', V. t. To attempt to attract notice, admiration
or love, from vanity , to entertain with compliments and
amorous tattle ; to "treat with an appearance of amorous
tenderness.
* CO-aUET', V. i. To trifle in love ; to act the lover from
vanity ; to endeavor to gain admirers.
* CO-QUET'ISH, a. Practicing coquetry.
* Co'aUET-RY, 71. [Fr. coquetterie.] Attempts to attract
admiration, notice or love, from vanity ; affectation of
amorous advances ; trifling in love.
■f COR, 71. The measure of a pottle.
COR'A-CLE, n. [W. cwrw^le.] A boat used in Wales by
fishermen , made by covering a wicker frame with leather
or oil-cloth.
€0R'A-COID, n. A small, sharp process of the scapula,
shaped like a crow's beak.
COR'A-COID, a. Shaped ILke a beak. Buckland.
COR'AL, 71. [L. corallium.] 1. In zoology, a genus belong-
ing to the order of vermes zoophyta. The trunk is radi-
cated, jointed and calcarious. 2. A piece of coral worn
by children about their necks.
COR'AL, a. Made of coral; resembling coral.
COR'AL-TREE, n. A genus of plants, erythrina, of several
species, natives of Africa and America. They are all
shrubby, flowering plants, adorned chiefly with trifoliate
or three-lobed leaves, and scarlet spikes of papilionaceous
flowers.
COR'AL- WoRT, n. A genus of plants, dentaria.
COR-AL-La'CEOUS, a. Like coral, or partaking of its
qualities.
COR'AL-LI-FORM, a. Resembling coral ; forked and
crooked. Kirwan.
COR'AL-LINE, a. Consisting of coral; like coral; con-
taining coral.
COR'AL-LINE, n. A submarine plant-like body, consist-
ing of many slender, jointed branches.
COR'AL-LIN-iTE, n. A fossil polypier or coralline.
COR'AL-LlTE, n. A mineral substance or petrifaction, in
the form of coral ; or a fossil polypier, larger than a cor
allinite. Kirwan.
COR'AL-LOID, or COR-AL-LOID'AL, a. [coral, and tih?.]
Having the form of coral ; branching like coral.
COR'AL-LOID, 71. Eschara or homwrack, a species of cor-
alline.
CO-RANT', 71. [Fr. courant.] A lofty, sprightly dance
Temple.
CORE, 71. [L. corbis.] 1. A basket used in coaleries. 2
An ornament in a building.
CORB'AN, n. [L. corbis.] I. In Jewish antiquity, an offer-
ing which had life ; an animal offered to God ; in opposi.
* See Synopsis. A, E I, O, U, Y, long.—FA^, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
COR
193
COR
tion to the minclia^ which was an offering without life.
2. An alms-basket ; a vessel to receive gifts of charity ; a
gift ; an alms ; a treasury of the church, where offerings
are deposited. — 3. Among Mohammedans^ a ceremony
performed at the foot of mount Arafat in Arabia, near
Mecca. It consists in killing a number of sheep, and dis-
tributing them among the poor.
t €ORBE, a. [Fr. courbe.] Crooked. Spenser,
eORB'EIL, n. [Fr. corbeille.] 1. In fortification, a little
basket, to be filled with earth, and set upon a parapet, to
shelter men from the fire of besiegers.
eORB'EL, n. 1. In architecture, the representation of a
basket, sometimes set on the heads of caryatides. 2. The
vase or tambour of the Corinthian column ; so called from
Its resemblance to a basket.
€ORB'EL, 71. 1. A short piece of timber in a wall, jutting
six or eight inches, ip the manner of a shoulder-piece
2. A niche or hollow left in walls for images, figures or
statues.
t eOR'BY, n A raven.
€ORCE'LET, or €ORSE'LET, (kors'let) n. [Fr. corselet.]
In natiLral history, that part of winged insects, which an-
swers to the breast of other animals.
€OR'€ULE, or €011 '€LE, ??. [L. corculum.'] In botany,
the heart of the seed, or rudiment of a future plant.
€ORD, n. [W. cord; Fr. corde.] 1. A string, or small rope,
composed of several strands twisted together. 2. A quan-
tity of wood, or other material, originally measured with
a cord or line. The cord is a pile containing 128 cubic
feet ; or a pile eight feet long, four feet high, and four
feet broad. 3. In Scripture, the cords of the wicked are
the snares witli which they catch the unwary.
€ORi), V. t. I. To bind with a cord or rope ; to fasten with
cords. 2. To pile wood or other material for measure-
ment and sale by the cord.
€ORD'MA-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make
ropes ; but, in America, called rope-maker.
eORD'WOQD, n. Wood cut and piled for sale by the cord,
in distinction from long wood ; properly, wood cut to the
length of four feet.
€0RD'A6E, n. [Sp. cordage ; Fr. id.'] All sorts of cords or
ropes used in the running rigging of a ship ; all ropes and
lines used on board of ships.
eORD'ATE, I a. [L. cordatus.] Having the form of a
eORD'A-TED, ] heart ; heart-sliaped ; a term used by
naturalists.
€ORD'ATE-LY, adv. In a cordate form.
eORD'ED, pp. 1. Bound or fastened with cords. 2. Piled
in a form for measurement by the cord. 3. Made of cords ;
furnished with cords. — 4. in heraldry, a cross corded is
one wound with cords, or made of two pieces of wood.
eOR-DE-LlER', n. [Fr.] A Franciscan friar; one of the
order of religious founded by St. Francis ; a aray friar.
*€ORD'IAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Proceeding from the heart ; hearty ;
sincere ; not hypocritical ; warm ; affectionate. 2. Re-
viving the spirits ; cheering ; invigorating ; giving strength
or spirits
* CORD'IAL, n, 1. In medicine, that which suddenly excites
the system, and increases the action of the heart or circu-
lation when languid ; any medicine which increases
strength, raises the spirits, and gives life and cheerfulness
to a person when weak and depressed. 2. Any thing that
comforts, gladdens and exLUarates.
* €ORD-IAL'I-TY, n. Relation to the heart ; [not used.]
Brown. 2. Sincerity ; freedom from hypocrisy ; sincere
affection and kindness.
* €ORD'IAL-LY, adv. Heartily ; sincerely ; without hypoc-
risy ; with real affection.
* €ORD'IAL-NESS, n. Heartiness. Cotgrave.
€ORD'IE-RITE, n. The mineral called otherwise iolite and
€0RD'I-f6rM, a. Heart-shaped ; having the form of the
human heart.
t€ORD'I-NER. SeeCoRDWAiNER.
eORD'ON, n. [Ft., Sp. cm-don.] ]. In fortification, a row
of stones jutting before the rampart, and the basis of the
parapet. — 2. In military language, a line or series of mili-
tary posts.
€ORD'0-VAN, n. Spanish leather.
€OR-DU-ROY', n. A thick cotton stuff ^bbed.
€ORD'WAIN, n. [Sp. cordoban ; Port, cordovam ; Fr. cor-
douan; from Cordova,] Spanish leather 5 goat-skin tanned
and dressed.
CORD'WAIN-ER, ?i. [from cor die ain.] A shoemaker. This
word was formerly written cor diner.
€ORE, n, [Fr. cmur ; Norm, core.] ]. The heart or inner
part of a thing ; particularly, the central part of fruit, con-
taining the kernels or seeds. It was formerly applied to
place ; as, in the core of a square. Raleigh. 2. The inner
part of an ulcer or boil. Dryden. 3. [Fr. corps.] A body;
[not used.] 4. A disorder of sheep, occasioned by worms
in the liver.
60RED. a In the herring fishery, rolled in salt and pre-
pared for drying. Ash.
€0-Re'6ENT, n A joint regent or raler. Wrazall.
€0-REL'A-TlVE. See Correlative.
eO-Ri-A'CEOUS, a. ['L. coriaceous.] 1. Consisting of leath-
er, or resembling leather ; tough. — 2. In botany, stiff, like
leather or parchment.
eO-RI-AN'DER, 71. [1j. coriandrum.] A genus of plants of
two species.
€0-Rm'DON. See Corundum.
COR'INTII, 71. 1. A city of Greece. Hence, 2. A small
fruit, now called currant, which see. Philips.
€0-RINTH'l-A€, a. Pertaining to Corinth. D'Anville.
eO-RINTH'I-AN, a. Peitaining to Corinth.— The Corinth-
ian order, in architecture, is the most delicate of all the
orders, and enriched witli a profusion of ornaments.
€0-RLNTH'I-AN, n. An inhabitant of Corinth.
€0-Rl'VAL, 71. [con, and rival ; written improperly coiri-
val.] A rival , or fellow rival ; a competitor. Shak.
€0-Rl'VAL, V. t. To rival; to pretend to equal. Shak
CORK, 71. [D. kurk ; G. kork,] 1. A glandiferous tree, a
species of quercus, growing in Spain and Portugal, havinr;
a thick, rough, fungous, cleft bark. 2. The outer bark of
the tree, or epidermis, of which stopples for bottles and
casks are made. 3. A stopple for a bottle or cask, cut out
of cork.
€ORK, V. t. To stop bottles or casks with corks ; to confine
or make fast with a cork.
CORK, n. A frost nail, or sharp steel point on a horse-shoe
CORK, V. t. To form sharp points ; to shoe with points ; to
wound with corks or sharp points. Used in Mew Kngland.
See Calk.
CORK'ING-PIN, 71. A pin of a large size. Swift.
CGRK'-SCREW, n. A screw to draw corks fiom bottles.
CORK'Y, a. Consisting of cork ; resembling cork ; made of
cork; tough.
COR'MO-RANT, n. [Fr. cormoran.] 1. The water-raven,
a large fowl of the pelican kind. 2. A glutton.
CORN, 71, [Sax. corn.] 1. A single seed of certain plants,
as wheat, rye, barley and maize ; a grain. In this sense',
it has a plural ; as, three barley corns make an inch. 2.
The seeds of certain plants in general, in bulk or quan-
tity ; as, corn is dear or scarce. In this sense, the word
comprehends all the kinds of grain which constitute the
food of men and horses. In Great Britain, corn is gen-
erally applied to wheat, rye, oats and barley. In the
United States, it has the same general sense, but, by cus-
tom, it is appropriated to maize. In this sense, corn has
no plural. 3. The plants which produce corn, when
growing in tlie field ; the stalks and ears, or the stalks,
ears and seeds, after reaping and before thrashing. — '1. In
surgery, a hard excrescence, or induration of th^ skin, on
the toes or some part of the feet, occasioned by the pres-
sure of the shoes ; so called from its hardness and resem-
blance to a corn. 5. A small, hard particle. See Grain.
CORN, V. t. 1. To preserve and season with salt in grains ;
to sprinkle with salt. 2. To granulate ; to form into small
grains.
CORN'BIND, n. Climbing buck-wheat. [Local.] Grose.
CORN'BLADE, n. The leaf of the maize.
CORN'CHAN-BLER, 71. A dealer in corn.
CORN'CLAD, a. Covered with growing corn. Barlow
CORN'CRAKE, n. The crake or land-rail ; the corn-crow
CORN'-€UT-TER, n. One who cuts corns, or indurations
of tlie skin.
CORN'FiELD, n. A field where corn is growing.
CORN'FLAG, n. A genus of plants, the gladiolus, of sev-
eral species, bearing red or white flowers.
CORN'FLoOR, 71. A floor for corn, or for thrashing corn
CORN'FLOW-ER, n. A flower or plant growuig among
corn ; as the blue-bottle, wild poppy, &c.
CORN'HEAP, n. A heap of corn Ball.
CORN'LAND, 71. Land appropriated or suitable to the pro-
duction of corn, or grain.
CORN'LOFT, 7i. An apartment for corn ; a granary.
CORN-MAR- Y-GoLD, n. A genus of plants, the chrijsan-
them7t.n1.
tCORN'MSS-TER, n. One who cultivates corn for sale.
CORN'ME-TER, 71. One who measures corn.
CORN'MILL, n. A mill for grinding corn, more generally
called a grvit-7nill.
CORN'-PARS-LEY, n. A genus of plants, the swoti.
CORN-PIPE, 7t. A pipe made by slitting the joint of a green
stalk of com. Johnson.
CORN'-RO€K-ET, n. A genus of plants, the b7i7iias.
CORN'ROSE, n. A species of poppy, or pajjarcr.
CORN'-SAL-LAD, n. A plant, a species of T^aZeriaTia.
CORN'STALK, n. A stalk of corn, particularly a stalk of
the maize. America.
CORN'-Vl-O-LET, n. A species of campanula.
CORN'-WAIN, 71. A wagon loaded with corn. Bp. IJorsley
C0RN'A6E, n. An ancient tenure of lands, which obliged
the tenant to give notice of an invasion by blowing a horn.
CORN'E-A, n. [from L. cm-nu.] The transparent membrane
in the fore-part of the eye, through which the rays of light
pass.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE;— BpLL, UNITE.— € as K; OasJ; SasZi CHaaSHj THasinfAis. 1[Obsolete.
13
COR
194
COli
€ORN'EL, eORN'EL-TREE, or COR-NeL'IAN-TREE,
71. [L. cornus.] The cornelian cherry or dog-wood, a ge-
nus of plants of several species.
€0R-NeL'1 AN. See Carnei>ian.
€0RN'B-MUSE, or €ORN'A-MUTE, «. [Fr. cornemuse.]
A kind of rustic flute. Drayton.
€0RN'E-0US, a. [L. corneus,] Horny ; like horn ; consist-
ing of a horny substance, or substance resembling horn ;
hard.
CORN'ER, n. [W. cornel.] 1. The point where two con-
verging lines meet ; properly, the external point ; an an-
gle. "2. The interior point where two lines meet ; an
angle. 3. The space between two converging lines or
walls which meet in a point. 4. An inclosed place, a
secret or retired place. 5. Indefinitely, any part ; a part
6. The end, extremity or limit. — Corner-teeth of a horse,
the foreteeth between the middling teeth and tlie tushes.
eORN'ERED, a. Having corners ; having three or more
angles.
eORN'ER-STONE, n. The stone which lies at the corner
of two walls, and unites them ; the principal stone, and
especially the stone which forms the corner of the foun-
dation of an edifice.
€ORN'ER-WISE, adv. Diagonally; with the corner in
front J not parallel.
CORN'ET, n. [Fr. cornet^ cornette ] 1 An instrument of
music, in the nature of a trumpet, sounded by blowing
with the mouth. — 2, In modern usage, an officer of caval-
ry, who bears the ensign or colors of a troop. 3. A com-
pany of cavalry ; a troop of horse ; [not used.] — 4. The
cornet of a horse [coronet] is the lowest part of his pastern,
that runs round the coffin. 5. A little cap of paper in
which retailers Inclose small wares. 6. A scarf anciently
worn by doctors. 7= A head-dress.
GORN'ET-CY, ji. The commission or rank of a cornet.
eORN'ET-TER, or €ORNET-ER, n. One who blows a
cornet. Hakewill.
COR'NiCE, n. [It.] I. in architecture, the uppermost
member of the entablature of a column, or the highest
projecture ; that which crowns an order. 2. A little pro-
jecture in joinery or masonry. — Cornice-ring of a cannon
is the ring next from, the muzzle-ring backward.
eORN'I-€liE, n. [L, corniculum.] A little horn.
eOR-Nie'U-LATE, a. 1. Horned ; having horns.— 2. In
botany^ producing horned pods ; bearing a little spur or
horn,
€OR-Nl6'ER-OUS, a. [L. corniger.] Horned 5 haviiQg
horns.
€ORN'ING-HOUSE, n. A house or place where powder is
granulated.
€ORN'ISH, a. Pertaining to Cornwall, in England ; and,
as a noun, the language of Cornwall.
eORN'TST, n. A performer on the cornet or horn.
COllN'LESS, a. Destitute of corn.
eOR-NU-Co'PI-A, n. [L. cornu and copia.] 1. The horn cf
plenty, an emblem of abundance of fruits. — 2. In archi-
tecture and sculpture, the figure of a horn, from which
fruits and flowers are represented as proceeding.
eOR-NuTE', V. t. [Li cornutus.] To bestovi^ horns 5 to
cuckold.
€OR-NuT'ED, pp. or a. I. Grafted with horns ; horned ;
cuckolded. — 2. In botany, horn-shaped.
eOR-NO'TO, w. {It.] A man that wears the horns 3 a cuck-
old.
€OR-Nu'TOR, n. A cuckold-maker. .Jordan.
eORN'Y, a. [Ij. cornu.] Horny; strong, stiff" or hard like
liorn ; resembling horn.
€ORN'Y, a. Producing corn ; containing corn.
eOR'O-DY, or COR'RO-DY, n. [It. corredo:] An allowance
of meat, drink or clothing, due to the king from an abbey
or other religious house.
COR'OL, ; n. [L. corolla.] In botany, the inner cover-
€0-ROL'LA, \ ing of a flower.
eOR-OL-LA'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to a corol ; inclosing
and protecting like a wreath.
* eOR'OL-LA-RY, n. [L. corollarium.] 1. A conclusion or
consequence drawn from premises, or from what is ad-
vanced or demonstrated. 2. A surplus. Shale.
€OR'OL-LET, in. One of the partial flowers which make
€OR'OL-IiULE, \ a compoimd one ; the floret in an aggre-
gate_flower.
l/'O-Ro'NA, n. [L.] 1. In architecture, a large, flat member
of a cornice, crowning the entablature and the whole or-
der ; called by workmen the drip. — 2. In anatomy, the
tipper surface of the molar teeth, or grinders. — 3. In botany,
the circumference or margin of a radiated compound flow-
er. — 4. In optics, a halo or luminous circle around the sun,
moon or stars.
€OR'0-NAL, a. Belonging to the crown or top of the head.
€OR'0-NAL, n. 1. A crown ; wreath ; garland. 2. The
first suture of the skull.
€Oa'0-NA-RY, a. Relating to a crown ; seated on the top
of the head ; or placed as a crown. — Coronary vessels, in
anatomy, certain vessels which furnish the substance cf
the heart with blood. — Coronary arteries, two arteries
which spring from the aorta.
€0R-0-NA'Ti0N, n. 1. The act or solemnity of crowning
a king or emperor ; the act of investing a prince with the
insignia of royalty, on his succeeding to the sovereignty.
2. The pomp or assembly attending a coronation.— Coro-
natiun-oath, the oath taken by a king at his coronation.
fCOR'ONEL, (kur'nel) 71. [Sp. coronel.] The officer who
commands a regiment. Spenser.
€OR'0-NER, n. [law Lat. coronator.] An officer whose
office is concerned principally with pleas of the crown.
One chief part of his duty is, when a person is slain or
dies suddenly, or in prison, to inquire into the manner of
his death. — in some of the states in .dmerica, there is a
coroner, but his principal or only duty is to inquire into
the causes of untimely death.
eOR'O-NET, n. [from corona.] 1. An inferior crown worn
by noblemen. — 2. In poetical language, an ornamental
head-dress. — Coronet of a horse. See Cornet.
eO-RO'-]SII-FORM,a. Having the form of a crown.
€OR'0-NOID, a. [Gr. Kopiiovij and eiSog.] Noting the upper
and anterior process of the end of the lower jaw, called
the coronoid process. Coze.
€OR'0-NULE, 11. A coronet or little crown of a seed ; the
downy tuft on seeds,
€OR'PO-RAL, n. [It. caporale ; Fr. caporal.] 1. The low-
est officer of a company of infantry, next below a sergeant.
2. The corporal of a ship of war is an officer under the
master at arms, employed to teach the sailors the use of
small arms.
€OR'PO-RAL, a. [Ij. cor p oralis.] 1. Belongmg or relating to
thebody. 2. Material; not spiritual, SeeCoRPOKEAL, Shak.
eOR'FO-RAL, ) n. A fine linen cloth, used to cover the
COIl'PO-RALE, \ sacred elements in the eucharist, or in
which the sacrament is put. Paley. — Corporal oath, a
solemn oath, so called from the ancient usage of touching
the corporale, or cloth that covered the consecrated ele-
ments. Paley.
COR-PO-RAL'I-TY, n. The state of being a body or em-
bodied ; opposed to spirituality. Raleigh.
€OR'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Bodfly ; in or with the body.
€OR'PO-RAL-SHIP, n. A corporal's command in a Russian
company.
€OR'PO-RAS, n. The old name of the corporal, or com-
munion cloth.
€OR'PO-RATE, a. [L, corporatus.] 1. United in a body, or
community, as a number of individuals, who are empow-
ered to transact business as an individual ; formed Into a
body. 2. United ; general ; collectively one.
t €OR'PO-RATE, v. t. To unite. More.
eOR'PO-RATErLY, adv. In a corporate capacity.
eOR'PO-RATE-NESS, n. The state of a corporate body.
COR-PO-Ra'TION, n. A body politic or corporate, formed
and authorized by law to act as a single person ; a socie-
ty having the capacity of transacting business as an in-
dividual.
€OR'-PO-Ea-TOR, n.The member of a corporation.
t €0R'P0-RA-TURE, n. The state of being embodied
More.
€OIl-Po'RE-AL, or €OR-Po'RE-OUS, a. Having a body ,
consisting of a material body ; material ; opposed to spirit-
ual, or immaterial.
€0R-P6'RE-AL-IST, n. One who denies the existence of
spiritual substances.
eOR-Po'RE-AL-LY, adv. In body ; in a bodily form or
manner.
€OR-PO-Re'I-TY, n. The state of having a body, or of
being embodied ; materiality,
€OR-POR-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of giving body or
palpability.
t COR-Po'RI-F"?, V. t. To embody ; to form into a body.
€OR'PO-SANT, or COR'PU-SANSE, n. [Sp. cuerpo santo.]
A name given by seamen to a luminous appearance often
beheld, in dark, tempestuous nights, about the decks and
rigging of a ship, but particularly at the mast-heads and
yard-arms, supposed to be electrical.
CORPS, (kore) n. [Fr., from L. corpus.] 1. In military lan-
guage, a body of troops ; any division of an army. 2. A
body, in contempt, as used by Milton and Drydcn, but
probably pronounced in the English manner, as corpse
3. A carcass; a dead body. [See Corpse.] Shak. — 4. In
architecture, any part tliat projects beyond a wall, serv-
ing as the ground of some decoration.
CORPSE, (korps) n. [L, corpus.] The dead body of a human
being.
CORPS'-DE-GARDE, (kore'de-gard) n. [Fr.] See C,>urt
OF Guard.
CORTU-LENCE, ) n. [L. corpulentia.] 1. Fleshiness ; ex-
€0R'PU-LEN-CY, ) cessive fatness ; a state of being load
ed with flesh. 2. Spissitude ; grossness of matter ; [I. u.]
COR'PU-LENT, a. Fleshy ; having a great or excessive
quantity of fat or flesh, in proportion to the frame Df tho
body.
* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—PtN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolete.
COR
195
COR
eOR'PUS €HRIS'TI. [Body of Christ.] A festival of the
church of England, kept on the next Thursday after
Trinit3'-Sunday, in honor of the eucharist.
eOR'PUS-CLE, (kor'pus-sl) n. [L. corpiisculujn.] A minute
particle, or physical atom.
€OR-P(JS'€fJ-LAIl, a. Relating to corpuscles, or small par-
ticles, supposed to be the constituent materials of all large
bodies. The corpuscular philosophy attempts to account
for the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest,
position, &c., of the minute particles of matter. Encxjc.
€UR-PUS-€U-La'RI-AN, a. Corpuscular, as above.
€OR-PUS-€U-LA'RI-AJSr, n. An advocate for the corpuscu^-
lar philosophy.
€OR'RA-€LE. See Coracle.
t €OR-RaDE[, v. t. To rub off 5 to scrape together.
eOR-RA-DI-A'TION, n. A conjunction of rays in one
point. Bacon.
COR-RECT', a. [L. correctus.] Literally, set right or made
straight. Hence, right ; conformable to truth, rectitude or
propriety, or conformable to a just standard ; not faulty 3
free from error.
€OR-RE€T', V. t. 1. To make right ; to rectify ; to bring to
the standard of truth, justice, or propriety. 2. To amend ;
to remove or retrench faults or errors ; to set riglit. 3. To
bring back or attempt to bring back to propriety in morals ;
to punish for faults or deviations from mora! rectitude ; to
chastise ; to discipline. 4. To obviate or remove what-
ever is wrong or inconvenient ; to reduce or change the
qualities of any thing by mixture, or other application ;
to counteract whatever is injurious.
eOR-RE€T'ED,;)p. Set right ; freed from en-ors ; amended ;
punished.
COR-RECT'ING, ppr. Bringing to the standard of truth,
justice or propriety ; amending ; chastising.
€OR-RE€'TION, n. [L. carrectio.] 1. The act of correct-
ing ; the act of bringing back, from error or deviation,
to a just standard, as to truth, rectitude, justice or pro-
priety. 2. Retrenchmentof faults or errors ; amendment.
'3. That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong.
4. That which is intended to rectify, or to cme faults ;
punishment ; discipline ; chastisement ; that which cor-
rects. — 5. In scriptural lancrua^c, whatever tends to cor-
rect the moral conduct, and bring back from error or sin,
as afflictions. 6. Critical notice ; animadversion. 7.
Abatement of noxious qualities ; the counteraction of
what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects. — House of
correction, a house where disorderly persons are confined ;
a bridewell.
€OR-RE€'TION-AL, a. Tending to or intended for cor-
rection. Walsh,
eOR-REC'TIOX-ER, n. One that has been in the house of
correction. Shak.
€OR-RE€T'IVE, a. Having the power to correct ; having
the quality of removing or obviating what is wrong, or in-
jurious ; tending to rectify.
eOR-RECT'lVE, n. 1. That whicli has the power of cor-
recting ; that which has the quality of altering or obviating
what is wrong or injurious. 2. Limitation ; restriction 3
[little used.]
€OR-RE€T'LY, adv. In a con-ect manner ; in conformity
with truth, justice, rectitude, or propriety ; according to a
standard ; exactly; accurately.
eOR-RECT'NESS, n. 1. Conformity to truth, justice, or
propriety. 2. Conformity to settled usages or rules. ,3.
Conformity to a copy or original. 4. Conformity to estab-
lished rules of taste or proportion.
€OR-RE€T'OR, n. 1. One who corrects ; one who amends
faults, retrenches error, and renders conformable to truth
or propriety, or to any standard. 2. One who punishes
•^or correction ; one who amends or reforms by chastise-
ment, reproof or instruction. 3. That which corrects ;
tl;iat which abates or removes what is noxious or incon-
venient ; an ingredient in a composition which abates or
counteracts the force of another.
€OR-RE6'I-DOR, n. [Sp.] A Spanish magistrate.
€OR-RE-LaTE', v. i. [L. con and relatus.] To have a
reciprocal relation, as father and son.
eOR 'RE-LATE, n. One who stands in an opposite relation,
as father and son. South.
€OR-RE-La'TION, n. Reciprocal relation. Paley.
€OR-REL'A-TIVE, a. [L. con and relativus.] Having a
reciprocal relation, so that the existence of one in a cer-
tain state depends on the existence of another; as father
and son, husband and wife, are correlative terms.
€OR-REL'A-TIVE, n. That which is opposed to somethmg
else in a certain relation. The son is the correlative of
his father.
€OR-REL'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In a correlative relation.
€OR-REL'A-TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being correlative.
€OR-REP'TION, n. [h. corripio.] Chiding; reproof; rep-
rimand. Hammond.
eOR-RE-SPOND',z>.i. [It. corrispondere ;Fr correspondre.]
1 . To suit ; to answer ; to agree ; to fit ; to be congruous ;
to be adapted to. 2. To be equal ; to be adequate or pro-
portioned. 3. To communicate by letters sent and re-
ceived ; to hold intercourse with a person at a distance by
sending and receiving letters
eOR-RE-SPOND'ENCE, )n. 1. Relation ; fitness; congru-
eOR-RE-SPOND'EN-CY, \ ity ; mutual adaptation of one
thing to another. 2. Intercourse between persons at a
distance, by means of letters sent and answers received.
3. The letters which pass between correspondents. 4.
Friendly intercourse ; reciprocal exchange of offices or
civilities ; connection.
COR-RE-SPOND'ENT, a. Suitable; fit; congraous ; agree-
able ; answerable ; adapted.
€OR-RE-SPOND'ENT, 71. One who corresponds ; one with
whom an intercourse is carried on by letters or messages
€OR-RE-SPOND'ENT-LY,adw. In a corresponding manner.
€OR-RE-SPOND'ING, ppr. 1. Carrying on intercourse by
letters. 2. a. Answering ; agreeing ; suiting.
€OR-RE-SPON'SIVE, a. Answerable ; adapted.
€OR'RI-DoR, n. [Fr. ; Sp. corredor.] I, In architecture,
a gallery or long aisle round a building, leading to several
chambers at a. distance from each other. — 2. Infortification,
the covered way lying round the whole compass of the
fortifications of a place.
€0R'RI-6I-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be set right, or
amended. 2. That may be reformed. 3. Punishable,
that may be chastised for correction.
eOR-Ri'VAL, n. A fellow rival ; a competitor. More cor-
rectly co-rival, which see.
t€OR-Rl'VAL, a. Contending. Bp. Fleetwood.
t€OR-Rl'VAL, ■?;. i. To vie with. Fitzgeffry.
t COR-RI'VAL-SHIP, 71. Opposition ; rivalry. Sir T.Herbert.
COR'RI-VATE, V. t. To draw water out of several streama
into one. [Little used.]
€OR-RI-Va'TION, n. The running of different streams
into one. [JVoi much used.]
€0R-R0B'0-RANT, a. Strengthening ; having the power
or quality of giving strength.
€OR-ROB'0-RANT, n. A medicme that strengthens the
human body when weak.
€OR-ROB'0-RATE, v. t. [L. corrohoro.] 1. To strengthen
to make strong, or to give additional strength to. 2. To
confirm ; to make more certain.
€OR-ROB'0-RA-TED, j)p. Strengthened ; confirmed ; ren-
dered more certain.
€OR-ROB'0-RA-TING, ppr. Strengthening ; giving firm-
ness or additional assurance.
€OR-ROB-0-Ra'TION, n. The act of strengthening or
confirming ; addition of strength, assurance, or security ;
confirmation.
COR-ROB'O-RA-TiVE, a. Having the power of giving
strength, or additional strength ; tending to confirm.
€OR-ROB'0-RA-TiVE, n. A medicine that strengthens ; a
corroborant.
€OR-RoDE', v. t. [L. corrodo.] 1. To eat away by degrees ;
to wear away, or diminish, by gradually separating small
particles from a body, in the manner an animal gnaws a
substance. 2. To wear away by degrees ; to prey upon ;
to impair ; to consume or diminish by slow degrees.
€OR-RoD'ED, pp. Eaten away gradually ; worn, diminish-
ed, impaired, by slow degrees.
€OR-Ro'DENT, a. Having the power of corroding, cr
wasting by degrees.
€OR-Ro'DENT, n. Any substance or medicine that cor-
rodes. Coxe.
€OR-Ro'DI-ATE, v. t. To eat away by degrees. Sandys.
€0R-R0-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being corrodible.
€OR-Ro'DI-BLE, a. That may be corroded. Brown.
€OR-RoD'ING, ppr. Eatmg away gradually ; impairing ;
wasting.
€OR'RO-DY. [SeeCoRODY.] But corrodj^ is the more correct
orthography.
€OR-Ro'S[-BLE, a. See Corrodible.
€0R-R0-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. See Corrodibilitv.
€OR-Ro'ST-BLE-NESS, 7). Susceptibility of corrosion. Diet
€OR-Ro'SIOA^ n. The action of eating or wearing away
by slow degrees, as by the action of acids on metals, by
which the substance is gradually changed.
€OR-Ro'SIVE, a. 1. Eating ; wearing away ; having tlie
power of gradually wearing, consuming or impairing
2. Having the quality of fretting or vexmg.— Corrosive
sublimate, the corrosive muriate or perchloride of mercury
€OR-RO'SIVE, 7!. 1. That which has the quality of eating
or wearing gradually. 2. That which has the power ot
fretting.
€OR-Ro'SIVE-LY, adv. Like a corrosive ; with the power
of corrosion ; in a corrosive manner.
€0R-Ro'Srv E-NESS, 71. The quality of corroding, eating
away or wearing ; acrimony.
€OR'RU-GANT, a. Having the power of contractmg mto
wrinkles. .
€OR'RU-GATE, v. t. [L. corrugo.] To wrinkle ; to draw
or contract into folds. Bacon.
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK Do VE :— BULL, UNI TE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete .
COR
196
COS
COR'RU-GATE, a. Wrinkled. Younn-.
eOR'RU-GA-TED.p^. Wrinkled.
eOR'RU-GA-TJNG, ppr. Contracting into wrinkles.
€OR-RU-Ga'TION, 71. A wrinkling ; contraction into wrin-
kles.
€OR'RU-GA-TOR, n. A muscle which contracts the skin
of the forehead into wrinkles. Coze.
€OR-Ru'GENT-MUS'CLE, n. A muscle of the eye, called
also corrugator siipcrc'dii. Chambers.
€OR-RUPT', v.t. [L. corruptus.'] 1. To change from a
sound to a putrid or putrescent state ; to separate the com-
ponent parts of a body, as by a natural process, whicli is
accompanied by a fetid smell. 5. To vitiate or deprave ;
to change from good to bad. 3. To waste, spoil, or con-
sume. 4. To defile or pollute. 5. To entice from good,
and allure to evil. 6. To pervert -, to break, disobey or
make void. 7. To pervert or vitiate integrity ; to bribe.
8. To debase or render impure, by alterations or innova-
tions. 9. To pervert 3 to falsify ; to infect with errors.
€OR-RUPT', V. i. 1. To become putrid 5 to putrefy ; to rot.
9 To become vitiated ; to lose purity
€OR-KUPT', a. [1.. corrupUis.] 1. Changed from a sound
to i putrid state, as by natural decomposition. 2. Spoil-
ed ; tainted ; vitiated ; unsound. 3. Depraved ; vitiated ;
tainted with wickedness. 4. debased ; rendered impure ;
changed to a v/orse state. 5. Not genuine ; infected with
errors or mistakes.
€f)R-RUPT'ED, pv. Putrefied ; vitiated ; depraved ; spoil-
ed ; marred j bribed ; infected with errors.
COR-RUPT'ER, n. 1. One who corrupts ; one who vitiates,
or taints. 2. One who bribes ; that wliich depraves or
destroys integiity. 3. One who introduces errors.
eOR-RUPT-I-CIL'l-TY, n. The possibility of being cor-
rupted.
eOR-RUPT'I-BLE, a. [Yr. corruptible.] 1. That may be
con-upted ; that may become putrid ; subject to decay and
destruction. 2. That may be vitiated in qualities or prin-
ciples ; susceptible of depravation.
COR-RUPT'I-BLE, n. That which may decay and perish ;
the human body. 1 Cor. xv.
eOR-RUFT'I-BLE-NESS, 7i. Susceptibility of corruption ;
corruptibility.
fJOR-ROPT'I-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be cor-
rupted or vitiated.
eOll-RUPT'ING, ppr. Putrefying ; depraving ; vitiating.
eOR-RlJP'TION, 7(. [Ij. corruptio.'] 1 . The act of corrupt-
ing, or state of being corrupt or putrid ; the destruction of
the natural fonn of bodies, by the separation of tlie com-
ponent parts, or by disorganization, in the [jrocess of pu-
trefaction. 2. Putrid matter; pus. 3. Putrescence; a
foul state occasioned by putrefaction. 4, Depravity ;
wickedness ; perversion or deterioration of moral princi-
ples ; loss of purity or integrity. .5. Debasement ; taint ;
or tendency to a worse state, i^. Impurity ; depravation ;
debasement. 7. Bribery. — 8. In lam., taint; impurity of
blood, in consequence of an act of attainder of treason or
felony, by which a person is disabled to inherit lands
from an ancestor.
€OR-RLlPT'IVE, a. Having the quality of corrupting, taint-
ing or vitiating. Ray.
€OR-RTJPT'LESS, a. Not susceptible of corruption, or de-
cay. DryrUn.
€OR-RUPT'LY, adv. 1. In a cormpt manner ; with cor-
ruption ; viciously ; wickedly ; without integrity. 2. By
bribery.
€OR-RUPT'NESS, n. I. The state of being corrupt ; putrid
state, or putrescence. 2. A state of moral impurity. 3.
A vicious state ; debasement; impurity.
eOR-RUPT'RESS, 7i.. A female that corrupts others.
eOR'SAIR, n. [Fr. corsaire.] A pirate ; one who cruises or
scom-s the ocean, with an armed vessel, without a com-
mission from any prince or state, to seize and plunder
merchantmen.
€0R'SAK,7i. A species of fox. Penvant.
€ORSE, n. [Fr. corps; L. corpus.] A corpse; the dead
body of a human being ; a poetical isord. Jlddi^on.
€ORSE'-EN-€UM'BERED, a Loaded with dead bodies.
Barlow.
€ORSE'-PRES-ENT, n. A mortuary or present paid at the
interment of a dead body.
€ORSE'LET, (kors'let)7i. \Fr. corselet.] I. A little cuirass,
or an armor to cover the body for protection, worn for-
merly by pike-men.. 2. See CoRCELET.
€ORSE'LET, (kore'let) v. t. To encircle with a corselet.
Beaumont.
€ORS'ET, n. [Fr.] A bodice ; jumps ; something worn
to give shape to the body ; used by ladies and dandies.
eORS'NED, n. [Bax. corsna^de.] The morsel of execration
or curse ; a piece of bread consecrated by exorcism, and
to be swallowed by a suspected person, as a trial of his
innocence.
eOR-TEGE', (kor-tazhe') 7', [Fr.] A train of attendants.
eORT'ES, 71. plu. [from Sp. corte, court.] The Spanish
name of the states of the kingdom, corhposed of nobility,
clergy, and representatives of cities ; the assembly of the
states, answering, in some measure, to the parliament of
Great Britain .
€OR'Ti-€AL, a. Belonging to bark; consisting of bark or
rind; resembling bark o'- rind ; external; belonging to the
external covering.
€OR'TI-€ATE, ; a. [L. corticatus.] Resembling the barlw
€OR'TI-€A-TED, \ or rind of a tree. Broion.
€OR-TI-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cortex and/ero.] Producing
bark, or that which resembles it. Diet.
€OR-TIC'I-FORM, a. Resembling bark.
eORT'tloll' i '^- Barky; full of bark. Diet.
€0-RUND'UM, 71. The corindon-harmophane of Haiiy, and
the adamantine spar of Kirwan.
€0-RUS'€ANT, a. Flashing ; glittering by flashes.
eOR'US-€ATE, V. i. [L. corusco.] To flash ; to lighten ; to
glitter. Greenhill.
€Oa-US-€A'TION, ?i. [L. coruscatic] 1. A flash ; a sud-
den burst of light in the clouds or atmosphere. 2. The
light produced by tlie combustion of inflammable gas in
the earth. — Artificial coruscations are produced by phos-
phorus and sulphuric acid, or by sulphuric acid and iron
filings.
eOR'VET, 71. [Fr. corvette.] A sloop of war; an advice-
boat.
€OR-VET'TO, n. The curvet. Peacham.
€ORV'US, 71. [Ju. corvus.] 1. In flsi7-07io7?t?/, a constellation
of the southern hemisphere, containing nine stars. 2. A
military engine or gallery used by the Romans for board-
ing ships in war.
COR-Y-BAN'TI€, a. Madly agitated; inflamed like the
Corybantes, the frantic priests of Cybele.
€OR'YMB, 71. [L. corymbus.] Primarily, a top, head, or
cluster. In inodern botany, a species of inflorescence,
€0-RYM'BI-A-TED, a. Garnished with corymbs.
€0R-YM-BIF'ER-0US, a. [L. corymbifer.] Producing cor-
ymbs ; bearing flowers, fruit, or berries in clusters.
€0-RYM'BOUS, a. Consisting of corymbs ; in clusters.
eO-RYM'BU-LOUS, a. Having or consisting of little cor-
ymbs.
€OR'Y-PHENE, n. A fish with a sloping, truncated Jiead,
and the dorsal fin extending the whole length of the back.
€0R-Y-PHe'US, 7z. [Gr.] The chief of a chorus ; the chief
of a company. South.
€OS-CI-NOM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. kogklvov and [xavTEia.] The
art or practice of divination by means of a sieve.
€0-Se'€ANT, n. In (reometry, the secant of an arc which
is the complement of another to ninety degrees.
€6S'EN. See Cozen.
teo'SIER, 7?. {Fx.cousu.] Ahotcher. Shak.
t €0-SIG-NIF'I-eA-TiVE, a. Having the same significa-
tion.
€OS'IN-AgE, 11. [Fr. cousinage] In law, writ to recover
possession of an estate in lalnds, when a stranger has en-
tered and abated, after the death of the tresaJJ, or the
grandfather's grandfather, or other collateral relation.
€o'-SlNE, 71. In geom.etry, the sine of an arc which is the
complement of another to ninety degrees.
€OS-MET'J€, a. [Gr. /coo-juj^rf/co^.] Beautifying ; improving
beauty, particulariy the beauty of the skin.
COS-MJbT'I€, 71. Any preparation that renders the skin
soft, pure and white, and helps to beautify and improve
the complexion.
€0S'MI-€AL, a. [Gr. kouixikos.] 1. Relating to the world,
or to the whole system of visible bodies, including the
earth and stars. — 2. In astronomy, rising or setting with
the sun ; not acronical.
COS'MI-GAL-LY, adv. With the sun at rising or setting :
a star is said to rise or set cosmically, when it rises or sets
with the sun.
€OS-MOG'0-NIST, n. One who treats of the origin or form-
ation of the universe.
€OS-MOG'0-NY, 71. [Gr. KouyMyovia.] The generation j
origin or creation of the world- or universe. In physics,
the science of the origin or formation of the universe.
€0S-M0G'RA-PHE-3 , n. One who describes the worid or
universe, including the heavens and the earth.
€0f?-M0-GRAPH'ie, ) a. Relating to the general de-
€0S-M0-GRAPH'T-€AL, \ scription of the universe.
€0S-]M:0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner relating to
tlie science of describing the universe, or corresponding to
cosmography.
€0?-M0G'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Koo-^foypa^ta.] A description
of the world or universe ; or the art which teaches tlie
construction of the whole system of worlds, or the figure,
disposition and relation of ail its parts, and the manner ot
representing them on a plane.
€OS'MO-LABE, n. [Gr. Koafiog, woild-, and ^ajxliavui, to
take.] An ancient instrument for measuring distances in
the heavens or on earth, much the same as the astrolabe,
and called also pantacosm.
* See Synopsis. A, E, x, O, U, Y, /o7in^.— -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD
t Obsolete
COT
197
cou
UOS-MOL'A-TO-RY, n. [Gr. /co<r/ios and XarpEuw.] The
worship paid to the world^ or its parts, by heathens.
eOS-MO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Relating to a discourse or treatise
of the world, or to the science of the universe.
€0S-M0L'0-GIST, n. One who describes the universe.
€OS-MOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. KoaixoXoyia.] The science of the
world or universe ; or a treatise relating to tlje structure
and "T^^-rts of the system of creation.
€OS-MO-PLAS''TI€, a. [Gr. Koaixos and TrXao-trw.] WoTid-
forniing ; pertaining to tlie formation of the world.
€OS-MO-POL'I-TAN, ) n. [Gr. (ccct/xo? andTroAtr/??.] A per-
eOS-MOP'O-LlTE, \ son who has no fixed residence ;
one who is no Vv'here a stranger, or who is at home in ev-
ery place ; a citizen of the world.
€OSS, n. A Hindoo measure of one English mile and a
quarter nearly. As-iat. Res.
€OS'SA€K, n. The Cossacks inhabit the Ukraine, in the
Russian empire.
eoS'SAS, 71. Plain India muslins, of various qualities and
breadths.
e'OS'SET, 71. [qu. G. kossat.] A lamb brought up by hand,
or without the aid of the dam.
eOS'Sie, a. Relating to algebra Bp. Kail.
€OST, 74. [G., D., Sw., Dan. host.'] 1. The price, value
or equivalent of a thing purchased ; the amount in val-
ue paid, charged or engaged to be paid for any thing
bought or taken in barter. 9. Expense ; amount in value
expended or to be expended ; charge ; that which is given
or to be given for another thing. — 3. In laio, the sum fixed
by law, or allowed by the court, for charges of a suit award-
ed against the party losing, in favor of the party prevail-
ing, &c. 4. Loss or expense of any kind ; detriment ;
pain ; suffering. 5. Sumptuousness ; great expense.
<t!OST, n. [L. costa.'] A rib or side. B. Jonson,
eOST, V. t. ; pret. and pp. cost. [G. and D. kostcn.] I. To
require to be given or expended in barter or purchase ; to
be bought for. 3. To require to be laid out, given, be-
stowed or employed. 3. To require to be home or suf-
fered.
eOST'AL, a. [Fr. costal.] Pertaining to the side of the body
or the ribs ; as, costal nerves.
eOST'ARD, n. I. A head ; [not used.] Sliak. 2. An ap-
ple, round and bulky, like the head.
€0ST'x\RD-M6NG'ER, n. An apple-seller.
eOST'ER-MoNG'ER, n. An apple-seller.
€09TiVE, a. [from It. costipato, costiparc ; J^. constipo.]
1. Literally, crowded, stuffed, as the intestines ; hence,
bound in body ; retaining fecal matter in the bowels, in a
hard and dry state 5 having the excrements obstructed, or
the motion of the bowels too slow, 2. Dry and hard ;
[not used.] Mortimer.
eOS'TIVE-NESS, 71. A preternatural detention of the fecal
matter of the bowels, witii hardness and dryness ; an ob-
struction or pretematm'al slowness of evacuations from tlie
bowels. - '
€OST'LI-NESS, 71. Expensiveness ; great cost, or expense ;
sumptuousness. Sidney.
eOST'LESS, a. Costing nothing. Barrow.
€OST'LY, a. Of a high price 3 sumptuous ; expensive ;
])urchased at a great expense.
eOST'MA-RY, 71. [L. costiis, and Maria.] A species of
tansy, or tanacetum ; aleoost.
t eOS'TREL, 71. A bottle.
CbS-TU'iVIE, 72. [Fr.] 1. In painting, nmle or precept by
which an artist is enjoined to make every person and thing
sustain its proper character, observing the scene of action,
the country or place, and making the habits, arms, man-
ners and proportions correspond. Hence, tlie observance
of this rule in execution. 2. Aii established mode of
dress.
€0-SUF'FER-ER, n. One who suffers with another.
CO-SU-PReME', 71. A partaker of supremacy.
€0-StjRE'TY, n. One who is surety with another. Mass.
Rej).
t'OT, COTE, or COAT, at the end of the names of places,
come generally from the Saxon cot, a cottage. Gibson.
e 3T, or COTE, n. [Sax. cot, cote, cyte.] 1. A small house ;
a hut ; a mean habitation ; also, a shed or inclosure for
beasts. 2. A leathern cover for a sore finger. 3. An
abridgment of cot(/wea?t. 4. A cade lamb 5 [local.] Grose.
5. A little boat.
CO-TAB'U-LATS. See Contabulate.
CO-TAN'6ENT, n. The tangent of an arc which is the
complement of another to ninety degrees.
COTE. See Quote, which was formerly written cote.
COTE, 71. A sheepfold. See Cot.
COT35, V. t. To pass by and turn before ; to gain ground in
coursing and give a competitor the turn. [Little used.]
€0-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. Living or being at the same
time.
eOTEM'PO-RA-RY, a. Living or being at the same time.
Locke.
€0 TEM'PO-RA-RY, n. One who lives at the same time
with another. [I consider this word as preferable to con-
temporary, as being more easily pronoimced.]
CO-TEN'ANT, n. A tenant in common. Kent.
CO-TE-RlE', n. [Fr.] A friendly party, or fashionable
association.
€0-THURN'ATE, ) a. Buskined ; relating to tragedy
CO-THURN'A-TED, \ Cocker ara.
CO-TIC'lI-LAR, a. [L. coticula.] Pertaining to whetstones ,
like, or suitable for whetstones. Kirwan.
CO-TIL'LON, (ko-til'yun) n. [Fr.] A brisk dance, per-
formed by eight persons together ; also, a tune which reg-
ulates the dance.
COT'LAND, 71. Land appendant to a cottage.
COT'Q,UEAiV, 7/.. A man who busies himself with the af-
fair's which properly belong to women.
CO-TRUS-TEE', k. A joint trustee. ^e7it.
COTS'WoLD, 7t. [Sax. cote and wold.] Sheepcotes in an
open country.
COTT, n. [Sax. cot, cote.] A small bed ; 071 hoard of ships,
a bed frame suspended from the beams, for the officers to
sleep in, between the decks ; a piece of canvas, extended
by a frame.
eOT'TA6E, n. A cot ; a hut ; a small, mean habitation.
COT'TAGED, a. Set or covered with cottages.
COT'TAOE-LY, a. Rustic ; suitable to a cottage.
COT'TA-GER, n. 1. One who lives in a hut or cottage.—
2. In law, one who lives on a common, without paying
any rent, or having land of his own.
COT'TER, COT'TAR, or COT'TIER, 71. A cottager.
COT'TON, (kot'tn) n. [Fr. coton ; It. cotone.] 1. A soft,
downy substance, resembling fine wool, growuig in the
capsules or pods of a shrub, called the cotton-plant. 2.
Cloth made of cotton.
COT'TON, a. Pertaining to cotton ; made of cotton 5 con-
sisting of cotton.
COTTON, V. i. 1. To rise with a nap. Johnson. 2. To ce-
ment ; to unite with ; a cant word. Swift.
C0T'T0N-6IN, n. A machine to separate the seeds from
cotton, invented by E. Whitney.
COT'TON-GRASS, n. A genus of plants, the eriophm-um.
€0T'TON-MA-CHiNE', 7i.. A machine for carding or spin-
ning cotton.
COT'TON-MILL, n. A mill or building with machinery for
carding, roving, and spinning cotton, by the force of wa-
ter or steam.
COT'TON-PLANT, } n. A plant or shrub of the genus gos-
COT'TON-SHRUB, \ sypUim, of several species, all grow-
ing in warm climates.
COT'TON-THIS'TLE, n. A plant, the onopordim.
COT'TON-WEED, n. A plant, the jilago. The name is
given also to the gvaphaUum, cud-weed, or goldy-locks.
COT'TON-Y, or COT'TON-OUS, a. 1. Downy ; nappy ;
covered with hairs or pubescence like cotton. Martyn. 2.
Soft, like cotton.
CO'TY-LE, or Co'TY-LA, n. [Gr. /coruX??.] The cavity of
a bone which receives the end of another in articulation.
eO-TYL'E-DON, 71. [Gr. Korv\r]^wi>.] 1, In botany, the
perishable lobe ox placenta of the seeds of plants. — 2. jn
anatomy, a little glandular body adhering to the chorion
of some animals. 3. A genus of plants, navel-wort, or
kidnev-wort, of several species.
COT-Y-LED'O-NOUS, a. Pertaining to cotyledons ; having
a seed-lobe.
COUCH, V. i. [Fr. couche.] 1. To lie down, as on a bed or
place of repose. 2. To lie down on the knees 3 to stoop
and recline on the knees, as a beasti 3. To lie down in
secret or in ambush 5 to lie close and concealed. 4. To
lie ; to lie in a bed or stratum. 5. To stoop 3 to bend the
body or back 5 to lower in reverence, or to bend under
labor, pain, or a burden.
COUCH, V. t. 1. To lay down 5 to Tepose on a bed or place
of rest. 2. To lay down ; to spread on a bed or floor. 3.
To lay close, or in a stratum. 4. To hide ; to lay close,
or in another body. 5. To include secretly ; to hide 3 or
to express in obscure terms, that imply what is to be un-
derstood. 6. To involve 3 to include; to comprise; to
comprehend or express. 7. To lie close. 8. To fix a
spear in the rest, in the posture of attack. 9. To depress
the condensed crystaiine humor or film that overspreads
the pupil of the eye. To remove a cataract.
COUCH, 71. 1. A bed ; a place for rest or sleep. 2. A seat
of repose ; a place for rest and ease, on which it is com
mon to lie down undressed. 3. A layer or stratum. — 4.
In painting, a lay or impression of color, in oil or water,
covering the canvas, wall, or other matter to be painted.
5. Any lay, or impression, used to make a tiling finn or
consistent, or to screen it from the weather. 6. A cover-
ing of gold or silver leaf, laid on any substance to be gild-
ed or silvered.
COUCH'ANT, a. [Fr.] Lying down ; squatting,— In her-
aldry, lying down with the head raised, which distin-
guishes the posture of couchant from that of dormant, or
sleeping ; applied to a lion or other beast.
COUCHED, pp. Laid down 3 laid on 3 hid; included or
^Sce Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as Ln this, t Obsolete.
cou
198
cou
Involved ; laid close ; fixed in the rest, as a spear ; de-
pressed or removed, as a cataract.
€0UCH'EE, n. [Fr ] Bedtime ; late visiting at night.
Dryden.
€OUCH'ER, n. 1. One w^ho couches cataracts.— 2. In old
English statutes, a factor ; a resident in a country for
traffick. 3. A book in which a religious house register
their acts.
eOUCH'-FEL-LoW, n. A bed-fellow ; a companion in
lodging.
€OUCH'-GRASS, 7i. A species of grass, very injm-ious to
other plants.
COUCH'liNG, ppr. Lying down ; laying down ; -ymg close ;
involving; including; expressing; depressing a cataract.
eOUCH'ING, 11. The act of stooping or bowing.
eOUGH, (kauf) n. [qu. D. kuch.] A violent effort of the
lungs to throw off offending matter ; a violent, sometimes
involuntary, and sonorous expiration, suddenly expeUing
the air through tlie glottis.
€OUGH, V. i. To have the lungs convulsed ; to make a vi-
olent effort with noise, to expel the air from the lungs,
and evacuate any offending matter that irritates the parts
or renders respiration difficult.
eOUGH, V. t. To expel from the lungs by a convulsive ef-
'■'^n with noise ; to expectorate.
eOcJGH'ER, n. One that coughs.
eOUGH'ING, ppr. Expellmg from the lungs by a violent
effort with noise ; expectorating.
eOU'HAGE, n. A kind of kidney-beans
GOULD, (kood) [The past tense of ca?;, according to our
customary arrangement in grammar ; but, in reality, a dis-
tinct word, can having no past tense. Could, we receive
through the Celtic dialects, W. galhi. Corn, gaily. Arm.
gallout, to be able.] Had sufficient physical or moral
power or capacity.
CoUL'TER. See Colter.
COUN'CIL, ??. [Fr. concile ; Sp. concilio.] 1. An assembly
of men summoned or convened for consultation, delibera-
tion, and advice. 2. A body of men specially designated
to advise a chief magistrate in the administration of the
government, as in Great Britain. — 3. In some of the Amer-
icanstates, a branch of the legislature, corresponding with
the senate in other states, and called legislative coimcil.
JyTew Jersey. 4. An assembly of prelates and doctors,
convened for regulating matters of doctrine and discipline
in the church. 5. Act of deliberation ; consultation of a
council. — Common council of a city generally is the body
of representatives of the citizens. — Ecujnenical council, in
church history, a general council or assembly of prelates
and doctors, representing the whole church. — Privy coun-
cil, a select council for advising a king in the administra-
tion of the government. — Aidic council. See Aulic.
€OUN'CIL-BoARD, n. Council-table ; the table round
which a council holds consultation. Hence, the council
itself in deliberation or session.
€0UN'C1L-0R, n. The member of a council. SeeCouN-
SELOB.
€OUN'CIL-Ta-BLE, n. Council-board,
eO-UN-DER-STAND'ING, n, Mutual understanding. How-
ell.
t CO-U-NTTE ,v.t.To unite. More.
eOUN'SEL, n. [Fr. conseil.] 1. Advice ; opinion, or in-
struction, given upon request or otherwise, for directing
the judgment or conduct of another ; opinion given upon
deliberation or consultation . 2. Consultation ; interchange
of opinions. 3. Deliberation ; examination of conse-
(luences. 4. Prudence ; deliberate opinion or judgment,
or the faculty or habit of judging with caution. — 5. In a
bad sense, evil advice or designs ; art ; machination. 6.
Secrecy ; the secrets intrusted in consultation ; secret
opinions or purposes.— 7. In a Scriptural sense, purpose ;
design ; will ; decree. 8. Directions of God's word. 9.
The will of God or his truth and doctiines concerning the
way of salvation. 10. Those who give counsel in law ;
any counselor or advocate, or any number of counselors,
barristers or sergeants.
eOUN'SEL, V. t. [L. consilior.] 1. To give advice or de-
liberate opinion to another for the government of his con-
duct ; to advise. 2. To exhort, warn, admonish, or in-
struct. 3. To advise or recommend ; [not much v^ed.]
Dryden.
eOTJN'SEL-KEEP'ER, n. One who can keep a secret.
Shak.
eOUN'SEL-KEEP'ING, a. Keeping secrets.
€OUN SEL-A-BLE, a. Willing to receive counsel ; dis-
posed to follow the advice or opinions of others
COUN'SELED, pp. Advised ; instructed ; admonished.
€OUN'SEL-ING, ppr. Advising ; instructing ; admonish-
ing.
€OUN'SEL-OR, v. 1. Any person who gives advice , but
properly, one who is authorized by natural relationship,
or by birth, office or profession, to advise another in te-
gard to his future conduct and measures. 2. A mem-
ber of a council ; one appointed to advise a king or chief
magistrate. 3. One who is consulted by a client in a law
case ; one who gives advice in relation to a question Oi
law ; one whose profession is to give advice in law, and
manage causes for clients. — Privy counselor, a member ol
a privy council.
€OUN'SEL-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a counselor, or privy
counselor.
COUNT, w. i. [Fv. conter.] 1. To number ; to tell or name
one by one, or by small numbers, for ascertaining the
whole number of units in a collection 2. To reckon ; to
preserve a reckoning ; to compute. 3. To reckon ; to
place to an account ; to ascribe or impute^; to consider or
esteem as belonging. 4. To esteem ; to account ; to
reckon ; to think, judge or consider. 5. To impute ; to
charge.
COUNT, V. i. To coiint on or upon, to reckon upon ; to
found an account or scheme on ; to rely on.
€OUNT, 71. [Yx.conteanAcomptc.'] 1. Reckoning; the act
of numbering. 2. Number. — 3. In law, a particular
charge in an indictment, or narration in pleading, settuig
forth the cause of complaint.
COUNT, n. [Fr. comte.\ A title of nobility, on the conti>
nent of Europe, equivalent to the English earl, and whose
domain is a county. An earl : the alderman of a sliire.
COUNT'-WHEEL, n. The wheel in a clock which moves
round and causes it to strike.
COUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be numbered. Spenser.
COUNT'ED, pp. Numbered ; told ; esteemed ; reckoned ;
imputed.
COUN'TE-NANCE, Ti. [Fr. contenance.] 1. Literally, the
contents of a body ; the outline and extent which consti-
tutes the whole figure or external appearance. Appropri-
ately, the human face ; the whole form of the face, or
system of features ; visage. 2. Air ; look ; aspect ; ap-
pearance of the face. 3. The face or look of a beast. 4.
Favor ; good will ; kindness. 5. Support ; aid ; patron-
age ; encouragement ; favor in promoting and maintain-
ing a person or cause. 6. Show ; resemblance ; superfi-
cial appearance. — 7. In law, credit or estimation. — To
keep the countenance, is to preserve a calm, composed, or
natural look, unruffled by passion. — In countenai)/:e, in fa-
vor ; in estimation. — To keep in countenance, to give assur-
ance or courage to ; to support ; to aid by favor. — To put in
countenance, to give assurance ; to encourage ; or to bring
into favor ; to support. — Out of countenance, confounded
abashed ; with the countenance cast down ; not bold or
assured. — To put out of counteAance, to cause the counte-
nance to fall ; to abash ; to intimidate ; to disconcert.
COUN'TE-'NANCE, v. t. I. To favor ; to encourage by
opinion or words. 2. To aid ; to support ; to encomage ;
to abet ; to vindicate by any means. 3. To encourage ;
to appear in defense. 4. To make a show of. 5. To keep
an appearance.
COUN'TE-NANCED,^;). Favored ; encouraged ; supported.
COUN'TE-NAN-CER, n. One who countenances, favors oi
supports.
COUK'TE-NAN-CING, ppr. Favoring ; encouraging ; sup-
porting.
COUNT'ER, 92. 1. A false piece of money or stamped
metal, used as means of reckoning ; any thing used to
keep an account or reckoning, as in games. 2. Money,
in contempt. 3. A table or board on which money is
counted ; a table on which goods in a shop are laid for ex-
amination by purchasers. 4. The name of certain prisons
in London. 5. One that counts or reckons ; also, an au-
ditor. 6. Encounter ; [not used.] — 7. In ships, an arch or
vault, whose upper part is terminated by the bottom of
the stern. — Counter of a horse, that part of a horse's fore-
hand which hes between the shoulder and under the
neck. "
COUN'TER, adv. [Fr. contre ; L. contra.] 1. Contrary ;
in opposition ; in an opposite direction ; used chiefly with
run or go ; as, to run counter to the rules of virtue. 2.
The wrong way ; contrary to the right course. 3. Con-
trariwise ; in a contrary manner. 4. The face, or at the
face ; [not used.] Sandys. This word is prefixed to many
otbers, chiefly verbs and nouns, expressing opposition.
COUN-TER-ACT', v. t. To act in opposition to ; to hinder,
defeat or frustrate by contrary agency.
€OUN-TER-ACT'ED, pp. Hindered ; frustrated ; defeated
by contrary agency.
€OLTN-TER-ACT'ING, ppr. Hindering ; frustrating.
€OUN-TER-AC'TION, n. Action in opposition ; hin-
derance.
COUN'TER-AT-TRAC'TION, n. Opposite attraction.
€OUN-TER-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To weigh against ; to weigh
against with an equal weight ; to act against with equal
power or effect ; to countervail.
€OUN-TER-BAL'ANCE, ?i. Equal weight, power or agen-
cy acting in onposition to any thing.
€OUN-TER-RAL'ANCED, pp. Opposed by equal weight,
power or effect.
COUN-TER-BAL'AN-CING, ppr. Opposing by equal
weight, power, or operation.
* See Synopsis a, E I, O, U, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ■
t Obsolete.
cou
J99
COU
eOL'N'TER-BOND, n A bond to save harmless one who
has given bond for another.
eOUM-TER-BUFF', v. t. To strike back or in an opposite
direction ; to drive back ; to stop by a blow or impulse in
front.
€OUN'TER-BUFF, n. A blow in an opposite direction ; a
stroke that stops motion, or causes a recoil.
€OUN-TER-BUFF'ED, (koun-ter-buff) pp. Struck with a
blow in opposition.
eOUN'TER-eAST, n. Delusive contrivance 5 contrary
cast.
€OUN'TER-€AST-ER, n. A caster of accounts ; a reckon-
er ; a book-keeper, in contempt.
€OUN'TER-CHaNGE, n. Exchange ; reciprocation.
€0[JN-TER-CHaNGE', v. t. To give and receive ; or to
cause to change places.
eOUN-TER-CHANG'ED, (koun-ter-chanjd') pp. Exchang-
ed. — In heraldry, intermixed, as the colors of the field
and charge.
eOUN'f ER-CHARM, n. That which has the power of
dissolving or opposing the effect of a charm.
€0(JN-TER-CHaRM/, v. t. To destroy the effect of encJiant-
nieiit.
€OUN-TER-CHE€K', v. t. To oppose or stop by some ob-
stacle ; to cheek.
€OUN'TER-CHE€K, n. Check 5 stop; rebuke; or a cen-
sure to check a reprover.
€OUN-TER-€UR'RENT, a. Running in an opposite direc-
tion. Kirioan.
€OUN'TER-€UR-RENT, n. A current in an opposite di-
rection.
€OUN-TER-DIS-TINe'TION, n. Contradistinction.
COUN-TER-DRAW, v. t. In painting, to copy a design or
painting, by means of a fine linen cloth, an oiied })aper, or
other transparent matter, whrreon the strokes appearing
thiough, they are traced with a pencil.
euUN-TER-DRAW'ING, ppr. Copying by means of lines
drawn on some transparent matter.
eOUN-TER-DRAWN', pp. Copied from lines drawn on
something else'.'
€OUN'TEK-EV'l-DENCE, n. Opposite evidence ] evi-
dence or testimony which opposes other evidence.
eOUN-TER-FAI'SANCE. See Counterfesance.
eOUN'TER-FElT, (koun'ter-fit) v. t. [Fr. contrefaire, con-
trefait.] 1. To forge ; to copy or imitate, without author-
ity or right, and with a view to deceive or defraud, by
passing the copy or thihg forged for that which is original
or genuine. 2. To imitate ; to copy ; to make or put on a
eOUN'TER FEiT, v. i. To feign ; to dissemble ; to carry
on a fiction or deception. Shak.
eOUN'TER-FElT, a. 1. Forged ; fictitious ; false ; fabri-
cated without right ; made in imitation of something else,
with a view to defraud, by passing tlie false copy for
genuine or original. 2. Assuming the appearance of
something 3 false ; hypocritical. S. Having the resem-
blance of"; false ; not genuine.
eOUN'TER-FElT, n. 1. A cheat; a deceitful person; one
who pretends to be what he is not ; one who personates
another; an impostor. — 2. In law, one who obtains money
or goods by counterfeit letters or false tokens. 3. That
which is made in imitation of something, but without
lawful authority, and with a view to defraud, by pass-
ing the false for the true.
€OUN'TER-FEiT-ED, pp. 1. Forged ; made in imitation of
something, with a view to defraud ; copied ; imitated ;
feigned.
€OLTN'TER-FElT-ER, 71. 1. One who counterfeits ; a
forger. 2. One who copies or imitates ; one who assumes
a false appearance. 3. One who endeavours to set off a
thing in false colors.
€OUN'TER-FElT-LY, adv. By forgery ; falsely ; fictitious-
ly-
t €OUN'TER-FEIT-NESS, n. The state of being counter-
feit.
€OUN-TER-FER'MENT, n. Ferment opposed to ferment.
Addison.
t COUN-TER-Fe'SANCE, n. [Fr. contrefaisance.] The
act of forging ; forgery.
COUNTER-FOIL, or COUN'TER-STOCK, n. That part
of a tally struck in the exchequer, which is kept by an
officer in that court, the other being delivered to the per-
son who has lent the king mon«y on the account, and is
called the stock.
eOUN'TER-FoRT, n. A buttress, spur or pillar serving to
support a wall or terrace subject to bulge.
€OUN'TER-GA6E, n. In carpentry, a method used to
measure the joints, by transferring the breadth of a mor-
tise to the place where the tenon is to be, in order to
make them fit each other.
eOUN'TER-GUARD, n. In fortification, a small rampart or
work raised before the point of a bastion, consisting of
two long faces parallel to the faces of the bastion, making
a salient angle, to preserve the bastion.
eoUN'TER-IN'FLU-ENCE, v. t. To hinder by opposing
influence. [Little used.]
COUN-TER-LI-BRa'TION. See Libratiok
COUN'TER-LiGHT, n. A light opposite to any thing.
which makes it appear to disadvantage.
€00N-TER-M;\ND', v. t. [Fr. contreiaander.] 1. To re-
voke a former command, or to give an order contrary to
one before given, which annuls a former command, and
forbids its execution. 2. To oppose ; to contradict the or-
ders of another. 3. To prohibit; [little used.] Harvey.
COUN'TER-MaND, n. A contrary order; revocation of a
former order or command. Shak.
COUN-TER-MAND'ED, pp. Revoked ; annulled, as an or-
der.
COUN-TER-MAND'ING, ppr. Revoking a former order
giving directions contrary to a former command.
COUN-TER-MaRCH', v. i. To marcJi back.
COUN'TER-MaRCH, n. 1. A marching back ; a returning
2. A change of the wings or face of a battalion, so as to
bring the right to tlie left, or the front into the rear. Cyc.
3. A change of measures ; alteration of conduct.
COUJV'TER-MaRK, n. 1. A second or third mark put on a
bale of goods belonging to several merchants, that it may
not be opened, but in the presence of all the owners. 2.
The mark of the Goldsmith's Company, to show the metal
to be standard, added to that of the artificer. 3. An arti-
ficial cavity made in the teeth of horses, that liave out-
grown their natural mark, to disguise their age. 4. A
mark added to a medal, a long time after it has been
struck, by which its several changes of value may be
known.
COUiN-TER-MARK', v. t. To mark the corner teeth of a
horse by an artificial cavitv, to disguise his age.
COU^'TER-MlNE, n. 1. in military affairs, a well and
gallery sunk in the earth, and running under ground, in
search of the enemy's mine, or till it meets it, to defeat
its effect. 2. Means of opposition or counteraction. 3. A
stratagem or project to fi-ustrate any contrivance.
€OUN-TER-MiJNE', v. t. 1. To sink a well and gallery in
the earth, in search of an enemy's mine, to frustrate" his
designs. 2. To counterwork ; to frustrate by secret and
opposite measures.
COUJM'TER-Mo'TION, n. An opposite motion; a motion
counteracting another.
COUN'TER-MOVE'MENT, n. A movement in opposition
to another.
COUN'TER-MURE, n. [Fr. contremur.] A wall raised
behind another, to supply its place when a breach is
made.
COUN'TER-MURE, v. t. To fortify with a wall behind an
other.
€OUN'TER-NAT'TT-RAL, a. Contrary to nature.
COUN'TER-NE-GO-TI-A'TION, n. Negotiation in oiposi-
tion to other negotiation.
COUN'TER-NOiSE, 71. A noise or sound by which anotner
noise or sound is overpowered.
COUN'TER-O'PEN-ING, n. An aperture or vent on the op-
posite side, or in a different place.
€OUN'TER-PACE, n. A step or measure in opposition to
another ; con_trary measure or attempt.
COUN'TER-PaLED, a. In heraldry, is when the escutch-
eon is divided into twelve pales parted perfesse, the two
colors being counterchanged, so that the upper and
lower are of different colors.
€OUN'TER-PANE, n. 1. A particular kind of coverlet for
a bed. See Counterpoint. 2. One part of an inden-
ture ; [obs.]
€OUN'TER-PART, n. 1. The correspondent part; the
part that answers to another, as the two papers of a con-
tract or indentures ; a copy ; a duplicate. Also, the part
which fits another, as the key of a cipher. Jlddison. — S,. In
music, the part to be applied to another.
COUN-TER-PAS'SANT, a. In heraldry, is when two lions
in a coat of arms are represented as going contrary ways
€OUN'TER-PE-Ti 'TION, n. A petition in opposition to
another. Clarendon.
€OUN'TER-PE-TI"TION, v. i. To petition against another
petition.
COUN'TER-PLeA, n. In law a replication to a plea, or
request. Cowel.
COUN-TER-PLOT', v. t. To oppose one plot to another; to
attempt to frustrate stratagem by stratagem.
COUN'TER-PLOT, n. A plot or artifice opposed to another,
COUN'TER-PLOT-TING, n. A plotting in opposition to a
stratagem.
COUN'TER-POINT, n. [Fr. contrepointe.] 1. A coverlet -
a cover for a bed, stit-ched or woven in squares ; written,
corruptly, counterpane. — 2. In music, counterpoint is when
the musical characters, by which the notes in each part
are signified, are placed in such a manner, each with re-
spect to each, as to show how th« parts answer one to an-
other. 3. An opposite point.
COUN'TER-POISE,?;. t. [Fr. <;ow«re;?eser.] 1 To counter-
balance ; to weigh against with equal weight ; to be equi-
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; fS as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete.
cou
200
COU
ponderantto ; to equal in weight. 2. To act against with
equal power or efl'ect ; to balance.
eOUN'TER-POISE, v. [Fr. contrepoids.] 1. Equal weiglit
acting in opposition to something ; equiponderance ; a
weiglit suificient to balance another in tlie opposite scale ;
equal balance. 2. Equal power or force acting in opposi-
tion ; a force sufficient to balance another force ; equipol-
lencc. — 3. Inlhe manege, a position of the rider in which
Jiis body is duly btilanced in his seat, not inclined more
to one side than the other.
eOUNiTERWoiSEi), pp. Balanced by an equivalent oppos-
ing weight, or by equal power.
eOLINTERiPOIS-IJNG, ppr. Balancing by equal weight in
llie opposite scale, or by equal power.
€OUN'T£R-P01-SON, 7t. One poison that destroys the ef-
fect of another ; an antidote ; a medicine that obviates the
effects of poison.
euCN-TER-PilA€'TICE, v. Practice in opposition to an-
other.
ecjaiVTER-PRESS'URE, n. Opposing pressure ; a force or
pressure that acts in a contrary direction.
€OUN'TER-PROJ-EeT, n. A project, scheme or proposal
of one party, given in opposition to another, before given
by the other party.
eolliN'TER-PRGOE, n. In rollmg-press printing, a print
taken oft' from anotlier fresh printed, which, by being
passed through tlie press, gives the figure of the former,
but inverted.
et)UN'TEll-FROVE, v. t. To take off a design in black lead
or red chalk, by passing it through a rolling-press with an-
other piece of paper, both behig moistened with a spunge.
eOUN'TER-REV-O-Lu'TlON, n. A revolution opposed to
a former one, and restoring a former state of things.
euUN'TER-REV-O-Ltj'TION-A-ilY, a. Pertaining to a
counter-revolution.
€OUJM'TER-REV-0-Lti'TION-IST, n. One engaged irl or
befriending a_counter-re volution.
€OUN'TER-RoLL, n. 1. In law, a counterpart or copy of
the rolls, relating to appeals, inquests, &c. 2. As a verb,
this word is contracted into control, which see.
€OUN-TER-ROL'MENT, n. A counter account.
€OUN'TER-Sa'LI-ANT, a. [Fr. contre and saillir.] In
heraldry, is when two beasts are borne in a coat leaping
from each other.
eOUN'TER-S€ARF, n. The same with counterscarp.
€0UN'TER-S€ARP, 7)1. {Fr. contrescarpe.] In fortification,
the exf^rior talus or slope of the ditch, or the talus that
supports the earth of the covered way 5 but it often signi-
fies the whole covered way, with its parapet; and glacis.
eOUN'TER-S€UF-FLE, n. Opposite scuffle; contest.
eOUNiTER-SEAL, v. t. To seal with another.
eOUN'TER-SE-euRE', v. t. To secure one who has given
security.
€OUN'TER-SE-€u'RI-TY, n. Security given to one who
lias entered into l)onds or become security for another.
€OUN'TER-SENSE, n. Opposite meaning. Howell.
eOUN'TER-SlGN, 21. t. Literally, to sign on the opposite
side of an instrument or writing ; hence, to sign, as sec-
retary or other subordinate officer, a writing signed by a
principal or superior, to attest the authenticity of the writ-
ing.
€OUiV'TER-STGN, n. A private signal, word or phrase,
given to soldiers on guard, with orders to let no man
pass unless he first names that sign ; a military watch-
word.
€OUN'TER-SIG-NAL, n. A signal to answer or corre-
spond to anotlier ; a naval term.
€OUN'TER-SIG'NA-TURE, n. The name of a secretary,
or other subordinate officer, countersigned to a writing.
€OUN'TEF.-SiGNED, pp. Signed by a secretary or other
subordinate officer.
eOUN'TER-SiGN-ING, ypr. Attesting by the signature of a
subordinate officer.
COUN'TER-SNARL, n. Snarl in defense or opposition.
€OUN-TER-STAT'UTE, n. A contrary statute, or ordi-
nance.
eOUN'TER-STROKE, n. A contrary stroke ; a stroke re-
turned.
€OUN-TER-SuRE'TY, n. A counterbond, or a surety to
secure one that has given security
€OUN'TER-SWAY, n. Contrary sway 3 opposite influ-
ence.
eOUN'TER-TAL-LY, n. A tally corresponding to another.
€OUN'TER-TASTE, n. Opposite or false taste.
€OUN-TER-TEN'OR, or €OUN'TER, n. In music, one of
the middle paits, between the tenor and the treble ; high
tenor.
€OUN'TER-TtDE, n. Contrary tide.
eOQN'TER-TIME, n. 1. In tJie manege, the defense or re-
sistance of a horse that interrupts his cadence and the
measure of his manege, occasioned by a bad horseman or
the bad temper of the horse. 2. Resistance ; opposition.
eOUN'TER-TURN, n. The hejglit of a play, which puts
an end to expectation.
COUN-TER-VaIL', v. t. To act against with equal force oj
power ; to equal ; to act with equivalent effect against any
thing ; to balance ; to compensate.
COUN'TER-VAIL, n. Equal weight or strength ; power or
value sufficient to obviate any effect 3 equal weight or
vtilue ; compensation 3 requital.
€OUN-TER-VaIL'ED, (koun-ter-vald') pp. Acted against
with equal force or power 5 balanced ; compensated.
€OUN-TER-VaIL'ING,p^?-. Opposing with equal strength
Qi value 3 balancing ; obviating an effect.
€0UN'TER-VIEW, (koun'ter-vu) n. 1. An opposite or op-
posing view ; opposition 3 a posture in which two persons
front each other. 2. ContrEist 3 a position in which two
dissimilar things illustrate each other by opposition.
€0UN'TER-V0TE, V t. To vote in opposition 3 to outvote.
Scott.
COUN'TEE-WEIGH, v. t. To weigh against , to counter •
balance. Jischam.
COUN'TER-WIIEEL, v. t. To cause to wheel in an oppo-
site direction.
€OUN'TER-WIND, n. Contrary wind.
€OUN-TER.-"WoRK', v. t. To work in opposition to; to
counteract ; to hinder any effect by contrary operations.
COUN-TER-WROIJGHT', (koun-ter-rauf) pp. Counteract-
ed 3 opposed by contrary action.
COUNT'ESS, n. [Fr. comtcsse.] The consort of an earl or
count.
COUNT'ING-HOUSE, ) n. The house or room appropriated
COUNT'ING-ROOM, \ by merchants, traders, and man-
ufacturers to the business of keeping their books, accounts,
letters and pajiers.
COUNT'LESS, a. That cannot be counted 3 not having
the number ascertained, nor ascertainable 3 innumera-
ble.
CoUN'TRY, (kun'try) n. [Fr. coritre'e.] 1. Properly, the
land lying about or neai a city ; the territory situated in
the vicinity of a city. 2. The whole territory of a king-
dom or state, as opposed to city. 3. Any tract of land, or
inhabited land 3 any region, as distinguished from other
regions 5 a kingdom, state or less district. 4. The king-
dom, state or tenitory in which one is born ; the land of
nativity 3 or the particular district, indefinitely, in which
one is born, 5. The region in which one resides. 6
Land, a? opposed to water ; or inhabited territory. 7
The inhabitants of a region. &. A place of residence 3 a.
region of permanent habitation. — 9. In law, a jury or ju-
rors 3 as, trial by tlie country.
eoUN'TRY, a. I. Pertaimng to the country or territory at
a distance from a city ; rural 3 rustic. 2. Pertaining or
peculiar to one's own country. 3. Rude ; ignorant - -
Country^dance, an en-oneous orthography. See Contra-
DANCE.
€6UN'TRY-MAN, n. 1. One born in the same country
with another. 2. One who dwells in the country, as op-
posed to a citizen 3 a rustic ; a farmer or husbandman 3 a
man of plain, unpolished manners. 3. An inhabitant or
native of a region.
eoUN'TY, 71. [Fr. coTTit^.] 1. Originally, an eaxldom ; the
district or territory of a count or earl. Now, a circuit or
particular portion of a state or kingdom, separated from the
rest of the territory, for certain purposes in the adminis-
tration of justice. It is called also a s/t7rc. [See Shire.]
2. A count 3 an earl or lord 3 [obs.] Shale. — County Co'ait,
the court whose jurisdiction is limited to a county, whose
powers, in j3me/-ica, depend on statutes. — County palatine,
in England, is a county distinguished by particular privi-
leges.— Com7i^7/ corporate is a county invested witli par-
ticular privileges by charter or royal grant 3 as London,
York, Bristol, &c.
COUN'TY, a. Pertaimng to a county3 as, county court.
COUP-DE-MAIN, (koo-de-mane') n. [Fr.] A military ex-
pression, denoting an instantaneous, unexpected, gener-
ally desperate attack.
COUP-D'OEIL, (koo-daJe') n. [Fr.] The first view of any
thing 5 a slight view of it.
CoU-PEE', 71. [Fr. co?/^e7-.] A motion in dancing, wlien
one leg is a little bent and suspended from the grouhd,
and with the other a motion is made forward
COUP'ING-GLASS. See Cup?ing-glass.
CoUP'LA-BLE, a. Fit to be coupled with. Cotgrave.
CoUP'LE, (kup'pl) n. [Fr. couple.] 1. Two of the same
species or kind, and near in place, or considered together
2. Two things of any kind connected or linked together
3. A male and a female connected by marriage, betrothed
or jtllied. 4. That which links or connects two things
together 3 a chain.
CoUP'LE, V. t. [Fr. coupler.] 1. To link, chain or connect
one thing with another ; to sew or fasten together. 2. To
marry 3 to wed 3 to unite, as husband and wife.
CoUP'LE, 7). i. To embrace, as the sexes. Dryden.
CoUP'LE-BEG'GAR, n. One that makes it his business to
marry beggars to each other. Swift.
CoUP'LED, pp. United, as two things 3 linked; married.
COUP'LE-MENT, n. Ifnion. Spenser.
* See Sipwpsis. a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR. FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD •
t Obsolete.
cou
201
COU
€6UP'LET, (kup'plet) n, [Ft.] 1. Two verses ; a pair of
rliymes. 2. A division of a hymn or ode in wliich an
equal number or equal measure of verset is found In each
part, called a strophe. 3. A pair ; [not used.] Shak.
eoUP'LING, ppr. Uniting in couples ; fastening or connect-
ing togetlier ; embracing.
€6UP'LING, n. 1. That which couples or connects. 2.
The act of coupling.
€6UR AGE, (liur'rage) n. [Fr., Sp. corage ; It. coraggio.]
Bravery ; intrepidity ; that quality of mind which ena-
bles men to encounter danger and difficulties with firm-
ness, or without fear or depression of spirits j valor 5 bold-
ness ; resolution.
eoUR'AGE, V. t. To encourage. Huloct.
€6UE,-A'6EOUS, a. Brave ; bold ; daring ; intrepid ; hardy
to encounter ditficulties and dangers ; adventurous : en-
terprising.
€6UE,-A'6E0US-LY, adv. With courage 5 bravely ; bold-
ly ; stoutly.
€oUR-A'GEOUS-NESS, n. Courage j boldness; bravery;
intrepidity ; spirit ; valor.
GOu-RaNT', )n. \¥i. courante.] 1. A piece of music in
OoU-RaN'TO, \ triple time ; also, a kind of dance, con-
sisting of a time, a step, a balance and a coupee. 2. The
title of a newspaper.
COU-RAP', n. A distemper in the East Indies ; a kind of
herpes or itch in the armpits, groin, breast and face.
t €oURB, V. i. [Fr. courber.] To bend. 4
t eoURB, a. Crooked.
eOUR'BA-RIL, n. Gum anime, which flows from the hij-
mejy^a, a tree of South America; used for varnishing.
^CGU'RIkR, 71. [Fr. courier.] A messenger sent express,
for conveying letters or dispatches on public business.
Course, 7i. [Ft. course.] l. in its general sense, a pass-
ing ; a moving, or motion forward, m a direct or curving
line ; applicable to any body or substance, solid or fluid.
— .Applied to animals, a running, or walking; a race; a
career ; a passing, or passage. — Applied t6 Jluids, a flow-
ing, as in a stream in any direction. — Applied to solid bad-
ies, it signifies motion or passing. — Applied to navigation,
it signifies a passing or motion on water, or in balloons in
air ; a voyage. 2. The direction of motion ; line of ad-
vancing ; point of compass, in which motion is directed.
— In technical languao-e, the angle contained between the
nearest meridian and llTat point of compass on which a
ship sails in any direction. 3. Ground on which a race
is run. 4. A passing or process ; the progress of any
thing. 5. Order of proceeding or of passing from an an-
cestor to an heir. G. Order ; turn ; class ; succession of
one to another in office or duty. 7. Stated and orderly
method of proceeding ; usual manner. 8. Series of suc-
cessive and methodical procedure ; a train of acts, or ap-
plications. 9. A methodical series, applied to the arts or
sciences ; a systemized order of principles in arts or sci-
ences, for illustration or instruction. 10. Manner of pro-
ceeding ; way of life or conduct ; deportment ; series of
actions. 11. Line of conduct ; manner of proceeding.
12. JNfatural bent ; propensity ; uncontrolled will. 13.
Tilt ; act of running in the lists. 14. Orderly structure ;
system. 15. Any regular series. — In architectivre, a con-
tinued range of stones, level or of the same lieight,
throughout the whole length of the buildmg, and not in-
terrupted by any aperture. A laying of bricks, &c. 16.
Tlie dishes set on table at one time ; service of meat. 17.
Regularity ; order ; regular succession. 18. Empty form.
— 0/ course, by consequence ; in regular or natural or-
der ; in the common manner of proceeding ; without spe-
cial direction or provision.
CoURS'ES, n. plu. 1. In a ship, the principal sails, as the
main-sail, fore-sail, and mizzen ; sometimes the name is
given to the stay-sails on the lower masts; also to tlie
inain-stay-sails of all brigs and schooners. 2. Catanie-
nia ; menstrual flux.
Course, v. t. l. To hunt ; to pursue ; to chase. 2. To
cause to nm ; to force to move with speed. 3. To run
through or over.
CoUP>.SE, V. i. To run ; to move with speed ; to run or
move about ; as, the blood courses.
CoURSED, pp. Hunted ; chased ; pursued ; caused to run.
CoUIlS'ER, 71. 1. A swift horse ; a runner ; a war horse ;
a icord used chiefly in poetry. Dryden. 2. One who
hunts ; one who pursues the sport of coursing hares. 3.
A disputant ; [not in iLse.]
CoURS'EY, n. Part of the hatches in a galley.
CoURS'ING, ppr. Hunting; chasing; running; flowing;
compelling to run.
CoURS'ING, 71. The act or sport of chasing and hunting
liares, foxes or deer.
er)URT, 71. [Sax. citrt ; Fr. cour ; It., Sp. corte.] 1. Aplacein
front of a house, inclosed by a wall or fence ; in popular lan-
guage, acouxt-yard. 2. A space inclosed by houses, broader
than a street ; or a space forming a kind of recess from a
public street. 3. A palace ; the place of residence of a
king or sovereign prince. 4. The hall, chamber or place
where justice is administered. 5. Persons who compose
the retinue or council of a king or emperor. 6. The per-
sons or judges assembled for heraing and deciding causes,
civil, criminal, military, naval or ecclesiastical. 7. Any
jurisdiction, civil, military or ecclesiastical. 8. The art
of pleasing ; the art of insinuation ; civility ; flattery ; ad-
dress to gain favor. — 9. In Scripture, an inclosed part of
the entrance hito a palace or house. The tabernacle had
one court ; the temple, three. 10. In the United States, a
legislature consisting of two houses ; as the General
Court of JMassachusetts. 11. A session of the legislature.
Court, v. t. l. in a general sense, to flatter ; to endeavor
to please by civilities and address. 2. To woo ; to s^jlicit
for marriage. 3. To attempt to gain by address ; to so-
licit ; to seek.
Court, v. l. To act the courtier; to imitate the mannti-s
of the court.
CoURT'-BAR'ON, 71. A baron's court; a court incident to
a manor.
CoURT'-BRED, a. Bred at court. Churchill.
CoURT'-BREED-ING, n. Education at a court. Milton.
CoURT'-BUB-BLE, n. The trifle of a court. Beaumont.
CoURT'-CARD. See Coat-card.
CoURT'-CHAP-LAIN, n. A chaplain to a king or prince.
CoURT'-CUP'BoARD, n. The sideboard of ancient days.
CoURT'-DAY, 71. A day in which a court sits to adminis-
ter justice.
CoURT'-DRESS, n. A dress suitable for an appearance at
court or levee.
CoURT'-DRESS-ER, n. A flatterer. LocJie.
C6URT'-P ASH-ION, n. The fashion of a court.
CoURT'-fA-VOR, 71. A favor or benefit bestowed by a
court or prince. L'Esr>-ange.
CoURT'-HAND, n. Tlie hand or manner of writing used
in records and judicial proceedings. Shak.
Court -HOUSE, n. a house in which established courts
are held, or a house appropriated to courts and public
meetings. America.
CoURT'-LA-DY, n. A lady who attends or is conversant
hi court.
CoURT -LEET, 77. A court of record held once a year, in
a particular hundred, lordship or manor, before the stew-
ard of the leet.
CoURT'-MAR'iTAL, n. A court consisting of military
or naval officers, for the trial of oflenses of a military char-
acter.
CoURT'ED,p2). Flattered; wooed; solicited in marriage ;
souiiht.
*CoURT-E-OUS,(kurt'e-us) a. [Fr. co^irtois.] 1. Polite;
wellbred ; being of elegant manners ; civil ; obliging ;
condescending ; applied to persons. 2. Polite ; civil ;
graceful; elegant; complaisant: applied to mayiners, &cc.
*CoURT-E-OUS-LY,arfi'. In a courteous manner ; with
obliging civility and condescension ; coniplaibantly.
*C0URT-E OUS.NESS,?i. Civility of manners ; obliging
condescension ; complaisance.
CoURT'ER, 7!. One who courts ; one who solicits in mar-
riage. Sherwood.
CoURT'E-SAN, (kur'te-zan) 71. [Fr. courtisane.] A prosti-
tute ; a woman who prostitutes herself for hire, especial-
Iv to men of rank.
COURT-E-SY, (kurt'e-s_y) 71. [Fr. courtaisie.] ]. Ele-
gance or politeness of manners ; especially politeness
connected with kindness ; civility ; complaisance. 2,
An act of civility or respect ; an act of kindness or favor
performed with politeness. 3. A favor ; as, to hold upon
courtesy. — Tenure by cozirtesy, or curtesy, is where a man
marries a woman seized of an estate of inheritance, and
has by her issue born alive, which was capable of inher-
iting her estate ; in this case, on the death of his wife, he
holds the lands for his life, as tenant by courtesy.
COURT' E-SY, (kurtsy) n. The act of civility, respect or
reverence performed by a woman.
CoURT'E-SY, (kurt'sy) v. i. To perform an act of civility,
respect or reverence, as a woman.
fCoURT'E-SY, V. t. To treat with civility.
CoURT'IER, (korte'yur) u. 1. A man who attends or fre-
quents the courts of princes. Dryden. 2. One who courts
or solicits the favor of anotlier ; one who flatters to
please ; one who possesses the art of gaining favor by ad
dress and complaisance.
t CoURT'IER- Y, n. The manners of a courtier.
CoUR'TENE. See Curtain.
CcURTTNG, j?/)?-. Flattering; attempting to gain by ad
dress ; wooing ; solicithig in marriage.
CoURT'LiKE, a. Polite ; elegant. Camden.
CoURT'LI-NESS, n. Elegance of manners ;-^ace of mien;
civility ; complaisance with dignity.
CoURT'LING, 77. A courtier ; a retainer to a court.
CoURT'LY, a. Relating to a court ; elegant ; polite with
dignity ; flattering. Pope.
CoURT'LY, adv. In the manner of courts ; elegantly ; in
a flattering manner
CoURT'SHIP, n. 1. The act of soliciting favor. 2. The
See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B^JLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete
oov
202
COW
act of wooing in love ; selicitation of a woman to mar-
riage. 3. Civility ; elegance of manners ; [obs.]
fJOUS'LN, (kuz'zn) n. [br.causin.] 1. Ln a. general sense,
one collaterally related more remotely than a bro[;her or
sister. 2. Appropriately, the son or daughter of an uncle
or aunt ; the children of brothers and sisters being usually
denominateo cousitis or cousin-germans. In the second
generation, they are called second cousins. 3. A title
given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the
council.
t €6US IN, (kuz'zn) a. Allied. Chaucer.
€OUTH. See Uncouth.
€5U-TEAU', (koo-to) n. [Fr., a knife.] A hanger.
COVE, n. [Sax. cof, cofe.] A small inlet, creek or bay ; a
recess in the sea shore, where vessels and boats may
sometimes be sheltered from the winds and waves.
COVE, V. t. To arch over. Sicinbume.
t€oVE'J\A-BLE, a.JOldFr.] Fit ; suitable. WicJdife.
CoV'E-NANT, 7(. [Fr. convenant.] 1. A mutual consent
or agreement of two or more persons, to do or to forbear
some act or thing ; a contract ; stipulation. 2. A writing
containing tlie terms of agreement or contract between
parties, or the clause of agreement in a deed containing
tlie covenant. — 3. In church affairs, a solemn agreement
between the members of a church, that they will walk
together according to the precepts of the gospel, in broth-
erly affection.
CoV'E-NAiMT, V. i. To enter into a f jfmal agreement ; to
stipulate ; to bind one's self by contract.
C6V' E-I\ ANT, V. t. To grant or pcomise by covenant.
C6V'E-NANT-ED, pp. Pledged or promised by covenant.
CoV-E-NANT-EE', n. The person to whom a covenant is
made.
C6VIE-NANT-ER, n. He who makes a covenant.
eoV'E-NANT-ING, ppr. Making a covenant ; stipulating.
CO'VEN-OUS, or €o'VIN-OUS, a. Collusive ; fraudulent ;
deceitful. Bacon.
CO VENT, «. [0\A Yx. covent, for convent. Covent Garden
is supposed to mean a garden that belonged to a convent.]
A convent or monastery. Bale.
Cover, v. t. [Fr. couvrir.'] 1. To overspread the surface
of a thing with another substance ; to lay or set over. 2.
To hide ; to conceal by something overspread. 3. To con-
ceal by some intervening object. 4. To clothe. 5. To
overwhelm. 6. To conceal from notice or punishment.
7. To conceal ; to refrain from disclosing or confessing.
8. To pardon or remit. 9. To vail. 10. To wrap, infold
or envelop. 11. To shelter; to protect; to defend. 12.
To brood ; to incubate. 13. To copulate with a female.
14. To equal, or be of equtd extent ; to be equivalent to.
15. To disguise ; to conceal hypocritically. 16. To in-
clude, embrace or comprehend.
CoV^'Ell, n. 1. Any thing which is laid, set or spread over
anotlier thing. 2. Any thing which vails or conceals ; a
screen ; disguise ; superficial appearance. 3. Shelter ;
defense : protection. 4. Concealment and protection.
5. Shelter ; retreat. 6. A plate laid at dinner.
t eoV'Efl-CHlEF, n. A covering for the head. Chaucer.
CoV'ER-CLE, 71. [Fr.] A small cover ; a lid.
Covered, pp. Spread over ; hid ; concealed ; clothed ;
vailed ; having a hat on ; wrapped ; inclosed ; sheltered ;
protected ; disguised.
C6V'ER-ER, n. That which covers.
CoV'ER-ING, jipr. Spreading over ; laying over ; conceal-
ing; vailing; clothing; wrapping; inclosing ; protect-
ing ; disguising.
CoVER-ING, 71^ 1. That which covers ; any thing spread
or laid over another, whether for security or concealment.
2. A cover ; a lid. 3. Clothing ; raiment ; garments ;
dress.
CoVER-LET, 7(. [cover, and Fr. lit.'] The cover of a bed ;
a piece of furniture designed to be spread over all the
other covering of a bed.
CoV'ER-SHAME, n. Something used to conceal infamy.
CoVER-SLUT, 71. An appearance to hide sluttishness.
Burke.
€6V'ER,T, a. [Fr. couvert.'] 1. Covered; hid; private ;
secret ; concealed. 2. Disguised : insidious. 3. Shelter-
ed ; not o})en or exposed. Pope. 4. Under cover, author-
ity or protection ; as, s feme-covert, a married woman.
eoV'ERT, 7t. 1. A covering, or covering place ; a place
which covers and shelters ; a shelter ; a defense. 2. A
thicket ; a shady place, or a hiding place.
C6V'ERT-LY, adu. Secretly.; closely; in private; insidi-
ously.
C6VERT-NESS, n. Secrecy ; privacy.
CoV'ER-TURE, n. 1. Covering ; shelter ; defense.— 2. In
law, the state of a married woman, who is considered as
under cover, or the power of her husband, and therefore
called d. feme-covert, or fem.mc-couvcrt.
CoV'ERT-WAY, n. In fortification, a space of ground
level with the field, on the edge of the ditch, three or four
fathoms broad, ranging quite round the half moons or
other works, towards the country.
COVET, V. t. [Fr. convoiter.] 1. To desire or wish for
with eagerness ; to desire earnestly to obtain or possess ;
in a good sense. 2. To desire iiwrdinately ; to desire
that which it is unlawful to obtain or possess ; in a bad
sense.
CoV'ET, V. i. To have an earnest desire. 1 Tim. vi.
CoV'ET-A-BLE, a. That may be coveted.
C6VET-ED, pp. Earnestly desired ; greatly wished or
longed for.
C6VET-1NG, ppr. Earnestly desiring or wishing for ; de-
siring inordinately to obtain or possess.
C6VET-ING, 72. Inordinate desire. Shak.
C6VET-ING-LY, adv. Eagerly. B. Jonson
t C6VET-ISE, n. Avarice. Spenser.
* Co VET-OUS, a. [Fr. convoiteux.] 1. Very desirous ,
eager to obtain ; m a good sense ; as, covetous of wisdom.
Taylor. 2. Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to
obtain and possess ; directed to money or goods, avari-
cious.
* Co VET-OUS-LY, adv. With a strong or inordinate de-
sire to obtain and possess ; eagerly ; avariciously.
* Co VET-OUS-NESS, n. 1. A strong or inordinate desire
of obtaining and possessing some supposed good ; usually
, in a bad sense. 2. Strong desire ; eagerness. Shak.
C6VEY, 71. {Yx. couvee.'] 1. A brood or hatch of birds ; an
old fowl with her brood of yoiing. Hence, a small flock
or number of fowls together. 2. A company ; a set.
CoV'IN, 7(. In laiD, a collusive or deceitful agreement be-
tween two or more to prejudice a third person.
Co'VING, 71. In building, a term denoting an arch or arched
projecture, as when liouses are built so as to project over
the ground-plot.
€oV'IN-OUS, a. Deceitful ; collusive ; fraudulent.
COW, 7i.,-pht. Cows;oWj>Zm. KiNE. [Sax. cm; D. Zcoe.] The
female of the bovine genus of animals; a quadruped with
cloven hoofs, whose milk furnishes an abundance of food
and profit to the farmer. — Sea-cow, the manatus, a species
of the trichechus.
COW, V. t. To depress with fear ; to sink the spirits or
courage ; to oppress with habitual timidity.
€OVv'''-BaNE, 71. A name of the oethusa cynapium.
CO WHAGE, / n. A leguminous plant of the genus dolichos,
eOW'-ITCH, ] a native of warm climates,
COWHERD, 71. One whose occupation is to tend cows.
COW'-HOUSE, n. A house or buUding in which cows are
kept or stabled. Mortimer.
COW'-KEEP-ER, n. One whose business is to keep cows.
COW-LEECH, 7t. One who professes to heal the diseases
of cows.
COW'-LEECH-ING, n. The act or art of healing tiie dis-
tempers of cows. Mortimer.
COW-LICK, n. A tuft of hair that appears as if licked by
a cow.
COW'-PARS-NEP, n. A plant of the genus heracleum.
■eOW'-PEN, 71. A pen for cows.
COW'-POX, n. The vaccine disease.
COW-aUAKES, 71. Quaking grass, the briza, a genus of
plants.
COWSLIP, ) n. A plant of the genus primula, or prim-
COW'S-LIP, \ rose, of several varieties.
COW'S'-LUNG-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus verbas-
cum.
CO'\V-WEED, n. A plant of the genus chcerophyllum, oj
chervil.
COW- WHEAT, n. A plant of the genus mclampyrum.
COWARD, 7/. [Fr, couard.] 1. A person who wants cour-
age to meet danger ; a poltroon ; a timid or pusillanimous
man. — 2. In heraldry, a term given to a lion borne in the
escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs.
COWARD, ft. 1. Destitute of courage ; timid ; base. 2.
Proceeding from or expressive of fear, or timidity. Shak^
t COWARD, V. t. To make timorous or cowardly.
COWARD-ICE, n. [Fr. couardise.] Want of courage to face
danger ; timidity ; pusillanimitv ; fear cf exposing one'3
person to danger.
t COW'ARD-iZE, tj. i. To render cowardly. Scott.
COWARD-LIKE, a. Resembling a coward ; mean.
CO'W'ARD-LI-NESS, n. Want of courage ; timidity ; cow-
ardice.
COWARD-LY, a. 1. Wanting courage to face danger j
timid ; timorous ; fearful ; pusillanimous. 2. Mean ;
base : befitting a coward. 3. Proceeding from fear of
danger.
COWARD-LY, adv In the manner of a coward ; meanly ;
basely,
tCOW'ARD-OUS, a. Cowardly. Barret.
t COWARD-SHIP, 71. Cowardice. Shak.
COWER, V. i. [W. cwrian.'] To sink by bending the
knees ; to crouch ; to squat ; to stoop or sink downwards.
t COWER, V. t. To cherish with care. Spenser.
COW'ISH, a. Timorous ; fearful ; cowardly. [Little used.']
COWL, n. [Sax. cugle, cugele.] 1. A monk's hood or
habit. 2. A vessel to be carried on a pole betwixt two
persons, for the conveyance of water.
Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, "S?, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete.
CRA
203
CRA
eOWL'-STAFF, n. A staff or pole on which a vessel is
supported between two persons.
eOWLED, a. Wearing a cowl ; hooded ; in shape of a
cowl.
eOW'LIKE, a. Resembling a cow. Pope.
€0-W6RK'ER, n. One that works with another ; a co-op-
erator.
€OW'RY, 71. A small shell, the cyprcsa moneta.
€OX'€oMB, 71. [cock^s comb.] 1. The top of the head. 2.
The comb resembling that of a cock, which licensed
fools wore formerly in their caps. 3. A fop; a vain,
showy fellow ; a superficial pretender to knowledge or
accomplishments. 4. A kind of red flower; a name
given to a species of celosia, and some other pkints.
t €OX'€oMB-LY, a. Like a coxcomb. Beaumont.
COX'CoMB-RY, n. Foppishness, Lady W. Montague.
€OX-COM'I-€AL, a. Foppish ; vain ; conceited ; a low
word.
€0Y, a. [Fr. coi, or coy."] Modest ; silent ; reserved ; not
accessible ; shy ; not easily condescending to familiar-
ity.
€0Y, V. i. 1. To behave with reserve ; to be silent or dis-
tant ; to refrain from speech or free intercourse. 2. To
make difficulty ; to be backward or unwilling ; not free-
ly to condescend. 3. To smooth or stroke.
t eOY, for decoy, to allure. Shak.
eOY'ISH, a. Somewliat coy, or reserved.
€OY'LY, adv. With reserve ; with disinclination to famil-
iarity.
eOY'NESS, n. Reserve; unwillingness to become famil-
iar ; disposition to avoid free intercourse, by silence or
retirement.
€OYS'TREL, n. A species of degenerate hawk.
edZ. A contraction of cousin. Shak.
CoZ'EN, (kuz'n) v. t. [qu. Arm. cougzyein, couchicin, con-
cheza.] 1. To cheat ; to defraud. 2. To deceive ; to be-
guile.
€6Z'EN-A6E, n. Cheat ; trick ; fraud ; deceit ; artifice ;
the practice of cheating. Dry'den.
€6Z'ENED, pp. Cheated ; defrauded ; beguiled.
€6Z'EN-ER, n. One who cheats, or defrauds.
CoZ'EN-ING, ^pr. Cheating; defrauding; beguiling.
eO'ZIER. See Cosier.
CRAB, 71. [Sax. crabba.] 1. A crustaceous fish, the cray-
fish, cancer, a genus containing numerous species. 2. A
wild apple, or the tree producing it ; so named from its
rough taste. 3. A peevish, morose person. 4. A wooden
engine witn three claws for launching ships and heaving
them into the dock. 5. A pillar used sometimes for the
.same purpose as a capstan. 6. Cancer, a sign in the zo-
diac. — Crab-lice, small insects that stick fast to the skin.
CRAB, a. Sour ; rough ; austere.
CRAB-AP-PLE, n. A wild apple.
CilAB'-GRASS, n. A genus of plants, the digitaria.
CRAB'-TREE, n. The tree that bears crabs. Shak.
CRAB'-YAWS, 71. The name of a disease in the West In-
dies.
CRAB'BED, a. 1. Rough ; harsh ; austere ; sour ; peevish ;
morose ; cynical ; applied to the temper. Shak. 2. Rough ;
harsh ; applied to things. 3. Difficult ; perplexing.
CRAB'BED-LY, adv. Peevishly ; roughly ; morosely.
eRAB'BED-NESS,7i. 1. Roughness; harshness. 2. Sour-
ness; peevishness; asperity. 3. Difficulty; perplexity.
CRAB'BY, a Difficult. Moxon.
CRAB'ER, n. The water-rat. Walton.
CRAB'S'-EyES, 71. Whitish bodies produced by the com-
mon craw-fish, and used in medicine.
CRACK, v.t. [Fr. craqucr ; D. kraaken.] 1. To rend,
break or burst into chinks ; to break partially ; to divide
the parts a little from each other. 2. To break in pieces.
3. To break with grief; to afiect deeply ; to pain ; to tor-
ture. 4. To open and drink ; [low.] 5. To thrust out,
or cast with smartness. 6. To snap ; to make a sharp,
sudden noise. 7. To break or destroy. 8. To impair
the regular exercise of the intellectual faculties ; to disor-
der ; to make crazy.
CRACK, V, i. 1. To burst ; to open in chinks ; as, the
earth cracks by frost ; or to be marred without an open-
ing. 2. To fall to ruin, or to be impaired ; [not elea-ant.]
Dryden. 3. To utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound. 4.
To boast ; to brag ; that is, to utter vain, pompous, blus-
tering words ; with of; [not elegant.] Shak.
CRACK, n. [Gr. payas.] 1. A disruption ; a chink or fis-
sure ; a narrow breach ; a crevice ; a partial separation of
the parts of a substance, with or without an opening. 2.
A burst of sound ; a sharp or loud sound, uttered sudden-
ly or with vehemence ; the sound of any thing suddenly
rent ; a violent report. 3. Change of voice in puberty.
Shak. 4. Craziness of intellect ; or a crazy person. 5.
7\ boast, or boaster ; [loio.] 6. Breach of chastity ; and a
prostitute ; [lo7o.] 7. A lad ; an instant ; [not used.]
CRACK'-BRAINED, a. Having intellects impaired ; crazy.
CRACKED, trp. 1. Burst or split ; rent ; broken ; partially
severed. 2. Impaired; crazy.
CRACK'ER, 71. 1. A noisy, boasting fellow. Shak'. 2. A
rocket ; a quantity of gunpowder confined so as to ex-
plode with noise. 3. A hard biscuit. America. 4. That
which cracks any thing.
€RACK'-HEMP, or CRACK'-ROPE, n. A wretch fated to
the gallows ; one who deserves to be hanged.
CRACK'ING, ppr. Breaking or dividing partially ; open-
ing ; impairing ; snapping ; uttering a sudden, sharp or
loud sound ; boasting ; casting jokes.
CRACKLE, V. i. [dim. oi crack.] To make slight cracks
to make small, abrupt noises, rapidly or frequently re
peated ; to decrepitate.
CRACK'LING, ppr. Making slight cracks, or abrupt noises
CRACK'LING, n. The making of small, abrupt cracks oi
reports, frequently repeated.
CRACK'NEL, n. A hard, brittle cake or biscuit. 1 Kings,
xiv. 3.
CRa'DLE, 71. [Sax. cradel.] 1 A mi vable machine, of va-
rious constructions, placed on circular pieces of board, for
rocking children. 2. Infancy. — From the cradle, is from
the state of infancy. 3. That part of the stock of a cross-
bow, where the bullet is put. — 4. In surgery, a case in
which a broken leg is laid, after being set. — 5. In ship-
building, a frame placed under the bottom of a sliip for
launching. 6. A standing bedstead for wounded seamen.
— 7. In engraving, an instrument, formed of steel, and re-
sembling a cliisel, with one sloping side, used in scraping
mezzotiutos, and preparing the plate. Encyc — 8. In hus-
bandry, a frame of wood, with long, bending teeth, to
which is fastened a sythe, for cutting and laying oats and
other grain in a swath.
CRa'DLE, v.t. 1. To lay in a cradle ; to rock in a cradle ;
to compose, or quiet. 2. To nurse in infancy. 3. To cut
and lay with a cradle, as grain.
CRa'DLE, v. i. To lie or lodge in a cradle.
CRa'DLE-CLoTHES, 71. The clothes used for covering
one in a cradle.
CRa'DLED, pp. Laid or rocked in a cradle ; cut and laid
with a cradle, as grain.
CRa'DLING, p^r. Laying or rocking in a cradle ; cutting
and laying with a cradle, as grain. "^
CRAFT, 71. [Sax. craft.] 1. Art ; ability ; dexterity ; skill.
2. Cunning, art or skill, in a had sense, or applied to bad
purposes ; artifice ; guile ; skill or dexterity employed to
effect purposes by deceit. 3. Art ; skill ; dexterity in a
particular manual occupation ; hence, the occupation or
employment itself; manual art ; trade. 4. All sorts of
vessels employed in loading or unloading ships, as light-
ers, hoys, barges, scows, &c. — Small craft is a term given
to small vessels of all kinds, as sloops, schooners, cutters,
&c.
t CRAFT, V. i. To play tricks. Shak.
CRAFT'I-LY, adv. Vv'ith craft, cunning or guile ; artfully ;
cunningly ; with more ^rt than honesty.
CRAFT'I-NESS, 71. Artfulness ; dexterity in devising and
effecting a purpose ; cunning ; artifice ; stratagem.
CRAFTS'MAN, 7j. An artificer ; a mechanic ; one skilled
in a manual occupation.
CRAFTS'MAS-TER, n. One skilled in his craft or trade.
CRAFT'Y, a. 1. Cunning; artful; skilful in devising and
pursuing a scheme, by deceiving others, or by taking ad-
vantage of their ignorance ; wily ; sly ; fraudulent. 2.
Artful ; cunning ; in a good sense, or in a laudable pur-
suit.
CRAG, 71. [W., Scot., Ir. craig ; Gaelic, creag.] A steep,
rugged rock ; a rough, broken rock, or point of a rock.
CRAG, ?(. [Sax, hracca.] The neck ; formerly applied to the
neck of a human being, as in Spenser. We now apply it
to the neck or neck-piece of mutton, and call it a rack of
mutton.
CRAG'GED, a. Full of crags or broken rocks ; rough ; rug-
ged ; abounding with prominences, points and inequali-
ties.
CRAG'GED- NESS, n. The state of abounding with crags,
or broken, pointed rocks.
CRAG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being craggy.
CRAG'GY, a. Full of crags ; abounding with broken rocks ^
rugged with projecting points of rocks.
CRAKE, 71. A boast. Spenser. See Crack.
CRAKE, n. [qu. Gr. Kpe^.] The corn-crake, a migratory
fowl, is a species of the rail, r alius.
CRaK'ER, 7*. A boaster. Huloet.
CRaKE'-BER-RY, n. A species of empetrum, or berry-bear-
ing heath.
CRAM, V. t. [Sax. crammian.] 1. To press or drive, partic-
ularly in filling or thrusting one thing into another ; to
stuff; to crowd ; to fill to superfluity. 2. To fill with food
beyond satiety ; to stuff. 3. To thrust in by force ; to
crowd.
CRAM, V. i. To eat greedily or beyond satiety ; to stuff.
CRAM'BO, 71. A rhyme ; a play in which one person givea
a word, to which another finds a rhyme.
CRAMMED, pp. Stuffed ; crowf ed ; thrust in ; filled with
food.
♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ;- By LL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH : TH as in this, f Obsolete
CRA
204
€EA
€KAM'MING, ppr. Driving in ; stuffing ; crowding ; eating
beyond satiety ot sulficiency.
CRAMP, n. [Sax. hramvia ; D. kramp.l 1. Spasm; the
contraction of a limb, or some muscle of tlie body, attend-
ed with pain, a^id sometimes with convulsions, or numb-
ness, a. Restraint ; confinement ; that which hinders
from motion or expansion. 3. [Fr. crampon.] A piece of
iron bent at the ends, serving to hold together pieces of
timber, stones, &c. ; a cramp-iron.
€RAMP, v.t. 1. To pam or affect with spasms. 2. To con-
fine ; to restrain ; to hinder from action or expansion.
3. To fasten, confine or hold with a cramp or cramp-
iron .
€RAMP, a. Difficult ; knotty. [Little used.]
CRAMPED, pp. Affected with spasm ; convulsed ; confin-
ed ; restrained.
CRAMP-FISH, n. The torpedo, or electric ray, the touch
of whic'h affects a person like electricity, causing a slight
shock, and producmg numbness, tremor, and sickness of
the stomach.
CRAMP'ING, ppr. Affecting with cramp ; confining.
€RAMP'-IR0N, 71. An iron used for fastening things to-
getJi.er ; a cramp, which see.
CRa'NA(jE, M. [how li. cranagium.] The liberty of using
a crane at a wharf for raising wares from a vessel ; also,
the money or price paid for the use of a crane.
CRAK'BBR-RY, n. [crane and berry.] A species ofvaccini-
uvi ; a berry that grows on a slender, bending stalk ; also
called moss-berry, or moor-berry, as it grows only on
peat-bogs or swampy land. The berry, when ripe,
is red, and of the size of a small cherry, or of the haw.
It forms a sauce of exquisite flavor, and is used for
tarts.
CRaNGH. See CRAUrrcH.
CRANE, 71. [Sax. craTi.] 1. A migratory fowl of the genus
ardca, belonging to the grallic order. 2. A macliine for
raising great weights. 3. A siphon, or crooked pipe for
drawing liquors out of a cask.
CRANE'S'-BILL, n. 1. The plant geranium, of many spe-
cies. 2. A pair of pincers used by surgeons.
CRANE'-FL"^, n. An insect of the genus tipula.
CRAN-T-OG'NO-MY, n. [Gr. K^aviov and yvwpa.] The
knowledge of the cranium or skuII ; the science of tlieex-
. pression of human temper^ disposition and talents.
CRAN-I-OG'NO-MY, n. [Gr. K^aviov and yvuypwv.] The
science of determining the properties ot characteristics of
the mind by the conformation of the skull.
CRAN-I-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to craniology.
CRAN-I-OL'O-GIST, ??. One who treats of craniology, or
one who is versed in the science of the cranium.
CRAN-1-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Kpaviov and 'Xoyog.] A discourse
orxtreatise on the cranium or skull ; or the science which
investigates the structure and uses of the skulls in various
animals, particularly in relation to their specific character
and intellectual powers. Ed. Encyc.
CRAN-I-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Kpavcov and perpov.] An in-
strument for measuring the skulls of a)iimals.
CRAN-[-0-MEl''RI-GAL, a. Pertaining to craniometry.
CRAjN'-I-OM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring the craninm,
or the skulls, of animals, for discovering their specific dif-
ferences.
eR^\JV-I-OS'CO-PY, n. [Gr. Kpaviov and ctkotteo}.] The sci-
ence of the eminences produced in the cranium by the
brain
CRa'NI-UM, 71. [L.J The skull of an animal ; tht assem-
blage of bones which inclose the farsin.
CRANK, n. [D. kronkel.] 1. Literally, a bend or turn.
Hence, an iron axis, with the end bent like an elhov/, for
moving a piston, the saw in a saw-mill, &c., and causing
it to rise and fall at every turn. 2. Any bend, turn or
winding. 3. A twisting or turning in speech. 4. An
iron brace for various purposes.
CRANK, a. [D. kranlc] I. In sea-men's language, liable to
be overset, as a slnp when she is too narrow, or has not
sufficient ballast to carry full sail. , 2. Stout ; bold : erect
!^enser.
CRANK, ( V. t. To run in a winding course : to bend,
CRAN KLE, \ wind and turn.
CRAN'KLE, V. t. To break into bends, turns or angles ; to
crin kle.
CRAN'KLE, n. A bend or turn ; a crinkle.
CRAN'KLES, n. Angular prominences.
CRANK'NESS, n. 1. Liability to be overset, as a ship 2.
"itoutness ; erectness.
CRANK'Y, a. The same as crank.
CRAN'NIED, a. Having rents, chinks or fissures ; as, a
crannied wall. Shak.
CRAN'NY, n. [Yr.cran.] 1. Properly, a rent; but com-
monly, any small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice or
chink, as in a wall, or other substance. 2. A hole ; a se-
cret, retired place. — 3. In glass-making, an iron instru-
ment for forming the necks of glasses.
CRAN'NY, a. Pleasant ; agreeable ; praiseworthy. Bailey.
CRANTS, n. \G. kranz ] Garlan^a carried before the bier
of a maiden and hung over her grave.
CRAPE, n. [Fr. cripe.] A thin, transparent stuff, made of
raw silk gummed arid twisted on the mill, woven with-
out crossing, and much used in mourning.
CRAPE, V. t. To curl ; to form into ringlets,
CRAP'LE, 71. [W. crav.] A claW. Spenser.
CRAP'NEL, n. A hook or drag. Gu. grapnel.
CRAP'U-LA, n. [L.] A surfeit or sickness by intemper-
ance.
CRAP'U-LENCE, n. [L. crapula.] Cropsickness ; drunk-
enness ; a surfeit, or the sickness occasioned by intemper-
ance.
CRAP'U-LOUS, a. Drunk ; surcharged with liquor ; sick by
intemperance. Diet.
CRASE. See Craze
CRASH, V. t. [Ft. ecraser.] To break ; to bruise
CRASH, V I. To make the loud, clattering, multifarious
sound of many things falling and breaking at once.
CRASH, n. The loud, mingled sound of many things fall-
ing and breaking at once, as tire sound of a large tree fac-
ing, and its branches breaking, or the sound of a falling
house.
CRASH'ING, n. The sound of many things falling and
breaking at once.
CRa'SIS, n. [Gr. icpaais.] 1. The temper or healthy con-
stitution of the blood in an animal body ; tlie tempera-
ment which forms a particular constitution of the blood. —
2. In grammar, a figure by which tv,fo different letters
are contracted into one long letter or into a diph-
tliong.
CRASS, a. [L. crassus.] Gross ; thick ; coarse ; not thin,
nor fine. [Little used. ]
CRASS'A-MENT, n. The thick, red part of the blood, af3
distinct from the serum, or aqueous part ; the clot.
CRASS'I-MENT, T^. Thickness. Smith.
CRASS'I-TUDE, 71. [L.crassitudo.] Crossness; coarseness;
thickness. Bacon.
CRASS'NESS, 71. Crossness. Olanville.
CRAS-TI-Na'TION, n. [L. eras.] Delay. Diet.
CRATCH, n. [Fr. creche.] A rack; a grated crib or man-
ger.
CRATCH. See Scratch.
CRATCH'ES, 71. plu. [G. krUtze.] In the manege, a swell-
ing on the pastern, under the fetlock of a horse.
CRATE, n. [L. crates.] A kind of basket or hamper of
wicker-work, used for the transportation of china, crock-
ery and similar wares.
CRa'TER, 71. [L. crater,] 1. The aperture or mouth of a
volcano. 2. A constellation of the southern hemisphere,
said to contain 31 stars.
CRaUNCH,?). t. [D. schranssen.] To crush with the teetli;
to chev/ with violence and noise.
CRAUNCH'ING, ppr. Crushing with the teeth with vio-
lence.
CIIA-VAT', 77. [Fr. cravate.] A neck-cloth ; a piece of fine
muslin or other cloth worn by men about the neck.
CRAVE, V. t. [Sax. crafian.] 1. To ask with earnestness
or importunity ; to beseech ; to implore ; to ask with sub-
mission or humility, as a dependent ; to beg ; to entretit
2. To call for, as a gratification ; to long for ; to require
or demand, as a passion or appetite. 3. Sometimes intran
sitively, with /or before the thing sought.
CRAVED, pp. Asked for with earnestness ; implored ; en-
treated ; longed for ; required.
CRa'VEN, CRa'VENT, or CRa'VANT, n. 1, A word of
obloquy, used formerly by one vanquished in trial by bat-
tle, and yielding to the conqueror. Hence, a recreant ; a
coward; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. 2. A van-
quished, dispirited cock.
CRa'VEN, V, t. To make recreant, weak or cowardly,
CRaV'ER, n. One who craves or begs.
CRAVING, jjpr. 1. Asking with importunity ; urging for
earnestly ; begging ; entreating. 2. Calling for with ur-
gency ; requiring ; demanding gratification^
CRAVING, 71. Vehement or urgent desire, or calling for ; a
longing for.
CRAV'ING-NESS, n. The state of craving.
CRAW, V. [Dan. kroe.] The crop or first stomach of fowls
CRAW-FISH, or CRAY-FISH, n. A species of cancer, or
crab, a crustaceous fish.
CRAWL, V. i. [D. krielen ; Scot, crowl.] 1. To creep ; to
niove slowly by thrusting or drawing the body along the
ground, as a worm ; or to move slowly on the hands and
knees. 2. To move or walk weakly, slowly, or timorous
ly. 3. To creep ; to advance slowly and slyly ; to insin-
uate one's self. 4. To move about : to move in any di
rection ; used in contempt. 5. To have the sensation of
insects creeping about the body,
CRAWL, 77. A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on
the sea coast for containing fish.
CRAWL'ER, n. He or that which crawls ; a creeper ; a
reptile.
CRAWL'ING, ppr. Creeping J moving slowly Eilong the
SeeSynopsis. A, .F., f, O, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
CRE
205
CRE
ground, oi other substance ; moving or walking slowly,
weakly or timorously ; insinuating.
t €RAY ER i '*■ -^ ®"^^'' ^^^ vessel.
€RaY-FISH, n. The river lobslef. See Craw-fish.
€RaY'ON, n. [Fr.] 1. A general name for all colored
stones, earths, or other minerals and substances, used in
designing or painting in pastel or paste. 2. A kind of
pencil, or roll of paste, to draw lines with. 3. A drawing
or design done with a pencil or crayon.
€RaY'ON, v. t. 1. To sketch with a crayon. Hence, 2. To
sketch ; to plan ; to commit to paper one's first thoughts.
€RaY'ON-PAINT'ING, n. The act or art of drawing with
crayons.
€S,AZE, v. t. [Fr. ecraser.] L To break ; to weaken ; to
break or impair the natural force or energy of. 9. I'o
crush in pieces ; to grind to powder. 3. To crack the
brain ; to shatter ; to impair the intellect.
€RaZED, pp. Broken ; bruised ; crushed ; impaired ; de-
ranged in intellect ; decrepit.
€Ra'ZED-NESS, n. A broken state ; decrepitude ; an im-
paired state of the intellect. Hooker.
CRaZE'-MILL, or €RaZ'ING-MILL, n. A mill resem-
bling a.grist-mill, used for grinding tin.
€Ra Zl-LY, adv. In a broken or crazy manner.
€Ra'ZI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being broken or weaken-
ed. 2. The state of being broken in mind 3 imbecility or
weakness of intellect ; derangement.
€Ra'ZY, a. [Fr. ecrase.] 1. Broken; decrepit; weak;
feeble. 2. Broken, weakened, or disordered in intellect;
deranged, weakened, or shattered in mind. We say, the
man is crazy.
t €REAGHT, w. [Irish.] HeMs of cattle. Davics.
t €REAGHT, v. i. To graze on lands. Davias.
CRbAK, v. i. [W. crecian.] To make a sharp, harsh, grat-
ing sound, of some continuance, as by the friction of liard
substances.
€Rf.AK'ING, ppr. Making a harsh, grating sound.
CReAK'ING, n. A harsh, grating sound.
CReAM, n.[Ft.cr^me.] 1. The oily part of milk, which,
when the milk stands unagitated in a cool place, rises and
forms a scum on the surface. 2. The best part of a thing.
— Cream of lime, the scum of lime-water. — Cream of tar-
tar, tlie scum of a boiling solution of tartar.
CReAM, v. t. 1. To skim ; to take off cream by skimming.
2._To take off the quintessence or best part of a thing.
€ReAM, v. i. 1. To gather cream ; to dower or mantle.
3._To grew stiff, or formal.
CReAM'-Bo WL, n. A bowl for holding cream.
€ReAM'-FaCED, a. White ; pale ; having a coward look.
CReAM'-POT, n. A vessel for holding cream.
€ReAM'Y, a. Full of cream ; like cream ; having the na-
ture of cream ; luscious.
CRe'ANCE, v. [Fr.] In falconnj, a fine, small line, fast-
ened to a hawk's leash, when she is first lured.
OReASE, n. [qu. G. kr'duscn.'] A line or mark made by
folding or doubling any thing ; a hollow streak, like a
groove.
€ReASE, v. t. To make a crease or mark in a thing by
foj^ding or doubling.
€Re'AT, n. [Fr.] In the manege, an usher to a riding
master.
€RE-aTE , V. t. [Fr. creer ,• L. creo.] 1. To produce ; to
bring into being from nothing ; to cause to exist. 2. To
make or form, by investing with a new character. 3. To
produce ; to cause ; to be the occasion of. 4. To beget ;
to generate; to bring forth, b. To make or produce, by
new combinations of matter already created, and by in-
vesting these combinations with new forms, constitutions
and qualities ; to shape and organize. 6. To form anew ;
to change the state or character ; to renew.
€RE-aTE', a. Begotten ; composed ; made up. Shak.
CRE-aT'ED, pp. Formed from nothing ; caused to exist ;
produced ; generated ; invested with a new character ;
. formed into new combinations, with a peculiar shape,
constitution and properties ; renewed.
CEE-aT'ING, pjir. Forming from nothing ; originating ;
liroducing ; giving a new character ; constituting new be-
ings from matter by shaping, organizing and investing
with new properties ; forming anew.
€RE-a'TION, n. 1. The act of creating ; th* act of causing
to exist ; and es-peci/dly, the act of bringing this world in-
to existence. Rom. i. 2. The act of making, by new com-
binations of matter, invested with new forms and proper-
ties, and of subjecting to different laws ;>the act of shap-
ing and organizing. 3. The act of investing with a new
character. 4. The act of producing. 5. The things cre-
ated ; creatures ; the world ; the universe. 6. Any part
of the things created. 7. Any thing produced or caused
to exist.
CRE-a TIVE, a. Having the power to create, or exerting
the act of creation.
GRE-a'TOR, n. [L.] 1. The heing or person that creates
2. The thing that creates, produces or causes.
€RE-a'TRESS, n. A female that creates any thing.
€ReAT'UR-AL, a. Belonging to a creature; having the
qualities of a creature.
CReAT'URE, n. [Fr.] 1. That which is created ; every
being besides the Creator, or every thing not self-existent
— 2. In a restricted sense, an animal of any kind ; a living
being; a beast. — In a jnorc restricted sense, man. 3. A
human being, in contempt. 4. With words of endear-
ment, it denotes a human being beloved. 5. That whicii
is produced, formed or imagined. 6. A person who owes
his rise and fortune to another ; one who is made to be
what he is. 7. A dependent ; a person who is subject to
tlse will or influence of another.
€ReAT'URE-LY, a. Having the qualities of a creature
€ReAT'URE-SHIP, 7t. The state of a creature. Cave.
t €REB'RI-TUDE, w. [L. creber.] Frequency. Diet.
t€REB'ROl]»S, a. Frequent. Diet.
CRe'DENCE, ii. [It. credenza.] 1. Belief; credit; reliancf-
of the mind on evidence of facts derived from other sourcen
than personal knowledge, as from the testimony of otJiery
2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief or conii-
dence.
fCRE'DENCE, V. t. To believe. Skeltoiu
<3RE-DEN'DA, n. [L.] In theology, things to be believed ;
articles of faith ; distinguished from«a^e7io;o, or practic;!J
duties.
CEe'DENT, «. 1. Believing; giving credit ; easy of belief.
2. Having credit; not to be questioned ; [rarely used.]
Sfiak.
€IIE-DEN'TIAL, a. Giving a title to credit.
€RE-DEN'TIALS, n. plu. [Rarely or never used in the sin-
gular.^ Tiiat which gives" credit ; that which gives a title
or claim to confidence ; the warrant on which belief,
credit or authority is claimed among strangers.
€RED-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. rredlbilile.] Credibieness ; the
quality or state of a thing which renders it possible to he
believed, or which admits belief, on rational principles ;
tlie quality or state of a thing which involves no co]Uj:a-
diction, or absurdity. Credibility is less than certainty,
and greater tlian pos.'iibiUty ; indeed it is less than proba-
hilit.ii, but is nearly allied to it.
€RED'I-BLE, a. [L. credibilis.] 1. That may be believed ;
worthy of credit. 2. Worthy of belief ; having a claim to
credit ; applied to persons.
€EEiy[-BLE-NESS, 71. Credibility ; worthiness of belief ;
just claim to credit.
€RED'I-BLY, adv. In a manner that deserves belief; with
good authority to support belief.
CRED'IT, n. [Fr. credit.] 1. Belief: faith ; a reliance or
resting of the mind on the truth of something said or done.
2. Reputation derived from the confidence of others.
Esteem ; estimation ; good opinion founded on a belief of
a man's veracity, integrity, abilities and virtue. 3. Honor ;
reputation ; estimation ; applied to men or things. 4. That
which procures or is entitled to belief; testimony ; au-
thority derived from one's character, or from the confi-
dence of others. 5. Influence derived from the reputation
of veracity or integrity, or from the good opinion or confi-
dence of others ; interest ; power derived from weight of
character, from friendship, fidelity or other cause. — (5. !n
commerce, trust ; transfer of goods in confidence of future
payment. 7. The capacity of being trusted ; or the repu-
tation of solvency and probity, which entitles a man to be
trusted. — 8. In book-keeping, the side of an account in
which payment is entered ; opposed to debit. — 9. Public
credit, the confidence which men entertain in the ability
and disposition of a nation to make good its engagements
with its creditors. 10. The notes or bills which are issued
by the public, or by corporations or individuals, are some-
times called bills of credit. 11. The time given for pay-
ment for lands or goods sold on trust. 12. A sum of mon-
ey due to any person ; any thing valuable standing on the
creditor side of an account.
€B.ED'[T, v.t. 1. To beheve ; to confide in the truth of.
2. To trust ; to sell or /oan in confidence of future pay
ment. 3. To procure credit or honor; to do credit; to
give reputation or honor. 4. To enter upon the credit
side of an account. 5. To set to the credit of.
€RED'IT-A-BLE, a. Reputable ; that may be enjoyed or
exercised witn reputation or esteem ; estimable.
€RED'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. Reputation ; estimation
€11ED'IT-A-BLY, adv. Reputably ; with credit ; without
disgrace.
CRED'IT-ED, pp. Believed ; trusted ; passed to the credit,
or entered on the credit side of an account.
€RED'IT-ING, ppr. Believing ; trusting ; entering to the
credit in account.
€RED'IT-OR. n. [L.] 1 . A person to whom a sum of money
or other thing is due, by obligation, promise, or in law ;
properly, one who gives credit in commerce ; but in a
general sense, one who has a just claim for money ; cur
relative to debtor. 2. One who believes ; [not used ]
€RED'I-TRIX, n. A female creditor.
€RE-DU'LI-TY, n. [Fr. credulitc ; L. credulitas.] East
* See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
CRE
206
CRI
ness of belief ; a weakness of mind by which a person /s
Jispised to believe, or yield his assent to a declaration or
proposition, without sufticieut eviieace of the truth of
what is said or proposed ; a disposition to believe on slight
evidence or no evidence at al!.
CRED'b-LOUS, a, [L. crcdalus ] Apt to believe without
sufficient evidence ; unsuspecting ; easily deceived.
eKED'U-LOUS-LY^, ado. in an unsuspecting manner.
Qnodmaji.
€KED'U-LOUS-NESS, n. Credulity ; easiness of belief 3
readiness to believe without sufficient evidence.
CREED, 71. [VV credo ; i}a.x. creda.] 1. A brief summary
of the articles of Christian faith ; a symbol. 2. Tliat
which is believed ; any system of principles which are
believed or professed.
€IIEEK, V. t To make a harsh, sharp noise. Shak.
* CREEK, (krik) n. [Sax. crecea ; D. hreek.] 1. A small
inlet, bay or cove ; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a
river. 2. Any turn or winding. 3. A prominence or jut
in a winding coast.^4. In some of the American states, a
small river.
*€REEK'Y, (krik'y) a. Containing creeks : full of creeks j
winding. Spenser.
CREEL, n. An osier basket. Brockett. Morth of England.
CREEP, V. i. ; pret* and pp. c?-ept. [Sax. creopan, crypan.]
1. To move with the belly on the ground, or the surface
of any other body, as a worm or serpent without legs, or
as many insects with feet and very siiort legs : to crawl.
2. To move along the ground, or on the surface of any
other body, in growth, as a vine ; to grow along. 3. To
move slowly, feebly or timorously ; as an old or infirm
man, wao creeps about his chamber. 4. To move slowly
and insensibly, as tune. 5. To move secretly ; to move
so as to escape detection, or prevent suspicion. 6. To
steal in ; to move forward unheard and unseen ; to come
or enter unexpectedly or unobssived. 7. To move or be-
have with servility ; to fawn.
UREEP'ER, n. 1. One who creeps ; that which creeps ; a
reptile 3 also, a creeping plant, which moves along the
suiface of the earth, or attaches itself to some otner body,
as ivy. 2. An iron used to slide along the grate in kitch-
ens. 3. A kind of patten or clog worn by women. 4.
Creeper or creepers, an instrument of iron with hooks or
claws, for drawing up things from the bottom of a weil,
ri\er or harbor. 5. A genus of birds, the certliia, or ox-
eyfc
CREEPIIOLE, n. A hole into which an animal may creep
to escape notice or danger ; also, a subterfuge ; an excuse.
€REE1''ING, ppr. Moving on the belly, or close to the sur-
face of the earth or other body ; moving slowly, secretly,
or silently ; moving insensibly ; stealing along.
€REFP'ING-LY, adv. By creeping 3 slowly 3 in the man-
ner of a reptile. Sidney.
fCREE'PLE. See Cripple.
CREESE, 11. A Malay dagger.
CRE-Ma'TION, «. [1,. crematio.'] A hnrnrng; particularly,
the burning of the dead, according to the custom of many
aiicifint nations.
CRe'MOR, n. [L.] Cream 5 any expressed juice of grain 3
yeast 3 scum 3 a substance resembling cream. Coze.
€REM'0-SIN. SeeCRiMosiN.
CRe'NATE, ; a. [L. crenatus.'] Notched : indented ;
CReNA-TED, \ scolloped.
€REN'A-TURE, n. A scollop, like a notch, in a leaf, or In
the style of a plant. Bige^oio.
CREN'KLE, or CREN'GLE. See Cringle.
CREN'U-LATE, a. Having the edge, as it were, cut into
very small scollops.
CRe'OLE, n. In the West Indies and Spanish America, a
native of those countries descended from European an-
cestors.
CREP'ANCE, ) n. [L. crcpo.] A chop or cratch in a horse's
CREP'ANE, \ leg, caused by the shoe of one hiiid foot
crossing and striking the other hind foot.
CREP'I-TATE, V. i. [L. crepito.] To crackle ; to snap 5 to
burst with a small, sharp, abrupt sound, rapidly repeated 3
as salt in fire, or during calcination.
CREP'I-TA-TING, ppr. Crackling 3 snapping.
CREP-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of bursting with a fre-
quent repetition of sharp sounds 3 the noise of some salts
In calcination 5 crackling. 2. The noise of fractured
bones, when moved by a surgeon to ascertain a fracture.
CREPT, pret. and pp. of creep.
CRE-PUS'CLE, or CRE-PUS€'ULE, n. [L. crepicsculum.]
Twilight ; the light of the morning from the first dawn to
sunrise, and of the evening from sunset to darkness.
CRE-PUSC U-LAR, or CRE-PUSC'U-LOUS, a. Pertaining
to twilight 5 glimmering 3 noting the imperfect light of the
morning and evening 3 hence, imperfectly clear or lu-
minous.
tCRE-PUSC'U-LINE, a. Crepuscular.
CRES'CENT, a. [L. crescens.] Increasing 3 growing.
Milton.
CTRES'CENT, n. 1. The increasing or new moon, which,
when receding from the sun, shows a curving rim of light,
terminating in points or horns. 2. The figure or likeness
of the new moon 3 as that borne in the Turkish tiag or
national standard. The standard itself, -dwA, figuratively,
the Turkish power. — 3. In heraldry, a bearing in the form
of a half moon. 4. The name of a militajy order, insti-
tuted by Renatus of Anjou.
CRES'CENT, V. t. To form into a crescent. Seward.
CRES'CENT-SHaPED, a. In botany, lunate 5 lunated ;
shaped like a crescent. Martyn.
CRES'CiVE, a. [L. cresco.'] Increasing 3 growing. Shak.
CRESS, n. [Fr. cresson.'] The name of several species of
plants, most of them of the class tetradynamia.
CRESS'ET, n. [Fr. croisette.] J. A great light set on a
beacon, lighthouse, or watch-tower. 2. A lamp or torch.
Milton.
CREST, n. [Fr. crete.] 1. The plume of feathers or other
material on the top of the ancient helmet 3 the helmet it-
self. 2. The ornament of the helmet in heraldry. 3. The
comb of a cock 3 also, a tuft of feathers on the head of
other fowls. 4. Any tuft or ornament worn on the head.
5. Loftiness 3 pride 3 courage ; spirit ; a lofty mien.
CREST, V. t. 1. To furnish with a crest 5 to serve as a crest
for. 2. To mark with long streaks.
CREST'ED, a. 1. Wearing a crest 3 adorned with a crest
or plume 3 having a comb. — 2. In natural history, having
a tuft like a crest.
CREST'-F ALL-EN, a. 1. Dejected 5 sunk 5 bowed 3 dis-
pirited 5 heartless 5 spiritless. Shak. 2. Having the upper
part of the neck hanging on one side, as a horse.
CREST'IiESS, a. Without a crest 3 not dignified witn coat-
armor 3 not of an eminent family 3 of low birth.
CRE-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. cretaceus.] Chalky 3 having the
qualities of chalk 3 like chalk 5 abounding with chalk.
CRe'TIC, n. [Gr. KprjTiKos.] A poetic foot of three sylla-
bles, one short between two long syllables.
CPtE'TIN, 71. A name given to certain deformed and help-
less idiots in the Alps,
CREVICE, 71. [Fr. crevasse.] A crack 5 a cleft 5 a fissure 3
a rent 5 an opening.
CREV'iCE, V. t. To crack 3 to flaw. Wotton.
CREV'ISSE I '^' "^^^^ craw-fish. [Little used.}
CREW, 71. [Sax. creat?, or crtii/t.] 1. A company of people
associated. Spenser. 2. A company, in a low or bad
sense; a herd. Milton. 3. The company of seamen who
man a ship, vessel or boat 3 the company belonging to a
vessel
CREW, jyret. of croto ; but the regular preterit and participle,
crov^ed, is now most commonly used.
CREWEL, n. [qu. D. klewel.] Yarn twisted and wound on
a knot or ball, or two-threaded worsted.
CREW'ET. See Cruet.
CRIB, 71. [Sax. crybb ; D. krib.] 1. The manger of a stable,
in which oxen and cows feed. — In America, it is distin-
guished from a rack for horses. 2. A small habitation or
cottage. 3. A stall for oxen. 4. A case or box in salt
works. 5. A small building, raised on posts, for storing
Indian corn. U. States. 6. A lodging plaee for children.
CRIB, V. t. To shut or confine in a narrow habitation 5 to
cage. Shak.
jCRIB, V. i. To be confined 3 to be cooped up.
CRIB'BAGE, n. A game at cards.
CRIBBED, pp. Shut up 3 confined 3 caged.
CRIB'BLE, n. [L. cribellum.] 1. A coi^i-sieve or riddle.
2. Coarse flour or meal 3 [riot used in the U. States. 'j
CRIB'BLE, V. t. To sift 3 to cause to pass through a sieve or
riddle.
CRI-BRa'TION, n. The act of sifting or riddling 3 used in
pharmacy.
CRIB'RI-FORM, a. [L. cribrum.] Resembling a sieve or
riddle 5 a term applied to the lamen of the ethn:oid bone,
through which the fibres of the olfactory nerve pass to tiie
nose.
CRlCH'TON-lTE, 71. A mineral, so called from Dr. Crich-
ton.
CRICK, n. I. The creaking of a door 3 [obs.] 2. A spas-
modic affection of some part of the body, as of the neck or
back ; local spasm or cramp.
CR[€K'ET,7i. [D. krekel.] An insect of the genus grylhis.
CRICK'ET, 7i. [qu. Sax. cricc] 1. A play or exercise with
bats and ball. Pope. 2. A low stool.
CRICK'ET-ER, n. One who plays at cricket-
CRICK'ET-ING-AP-PLE, n. A small species of apple.
CRICK'ET-MATCH, 71. A match at cricket. Buncombe.
CRiED, pret. and part, of cry.
CRi'ER or CRY'ER, n. One who cries 3 one who makes
proclamation.
CRIME, 71. [L. crimen ; Gr. /cpt/xa.] 1. An act which vio-
lates a law, divine or human ; an act which violates a rule
of moral duty 5 an offense against the laws of right, pre-
scribed by God or man, or against any rule of duty plainly
implied in those laws. — But in a more common and re-
* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, ?, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;
t Obsolete.
CRI
207
CRI
stricted sense, a crime denotes an offense, or violation of
public law, of a deeper and more atrocious nature ; a pub-
lic wrong ; as treason, murder, robbery, theft, arson, &.c.
2. Any great wickedness ; iniquity ; wrong. — Capital
crime, a crime punishable with death.
€KrME'FlJL, a. Criminal ; wicked ; partaking of wrong ;
contrary to law, right, or duty. Skak.
CRiME'LESS, a. Free from crime ; innocent. Shak.
€RIM'1N-AL, a. 1. Guilty of a crime. 2. Partaking of a
crime; involving a crime ; that violates public law, divine
or human. 3. That violates moral obligation ; wicked.
4. Relating to crimes ; opposed to civil.
€RIM'IN-AIi, n. A person who has committed an offense
agaia-»t rmblic law ; a person indicted or charged with a
public offense. — Criminal conversation, the illegal com-
merce of the sexes ; adultery.
CRIM-tN-AL'I-TY, or €RIM'IN-AL-NESS, n. The qual-
ity of being criminal, or a violation of law ; guiltiness ;
the quality of being guilty of a crime. Blackstone.
€RIM'IN-AL-LY, adv. In violation of public law ; in vio-
lation of divine law ; wickedly ; in a wrong or iniquitous
manner.
€RIM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L. criminor.] To accuse ; to charge
with a crime ; to alledge to be guilty of a crime, offense,
or wrong. Christ. Obs.
€RIM'IN-A-TED, pp. Accused ; charged with a crime.
€RIM'IN-A-TING, ppr. Accusing ; alledging to be guilty.
€RIM-IN-A'TION, n. [L. criminatio.] The act of accusing ;
accusation ; charge of having been guilty of a criminal
act, offense or wrong.
€RIM'IN-A-TO-RY, a. Relating to accusation ; accusing.
I €RIM'IN-OUS, a. Very wicked ; heinous ; involving
great crime. Hammond.
t€RIM'IN-OUS-LY, ad«. Criminally; heinously; enor-
mously.
t€RIM'IN-OUS-NESS, n. Wickedness; guilt; criminali-
ty. Kins Charles.
€RIM'OSlN. See Crimson.
€RIMP, a. [Sax. acrymman.] 1. Easily crumbled ; friable;
brittle ; [little used ] 2. Not consistent ; [not %ised.]
€RIMP, V. t. [W. crimpiaw.] To catch ; to seize ; to pinch
and hold.
€RIMP, V. t. [Sax. gecrympt.] To curl or frizzle.
€RIMP, n. 1. In England, an agent for coal-merchants,
and for persons concerned in shipping. 2. One who de-
coys another into the naval or military service. 3. A
game at cards ; [obs.]
€IRIM'PLE, V. t. [D. krimpe7i.'\ To contract or drav/ to-
geclier ; to shrink ; to cause to shrink ; to curl. Wise-
man.
€RIM'PLED, pp. Contracted ; shrunk ; curled. ■
€RIM'PLING, ppr. Contracting ; shrinking ; curling ; hob-
bling. .Ssh.
CRIM'SON, (krim'zn) n. [It. cremisi, cremisino.l A deep
red color ; a red tinged with blue ; also, a red color in
general.
CRIM'SON, a. Of a beautiful deep red,
CRIM'SON, V. t. To dye with crimson ; to dfe of a deep
red color ; to make red.
CRIM'SON, V. i. To become of a deep red color ; to be
tinged with red ; to blush.
CRIM'SONED, pp. Dyed or tinged with a deep red.
€RIM'SON-ING, ppr. Dyeing or tinging with a deep red.
CRINCUM, n. A cramp ; a contraction ; a turn or bend ; a
whim, [.d vulgar icord.] Hudibras.
€RINGE, (krinj) v. t. Properly, to shrink ; to contract ; to
draw together ; a popular use of the word. [Vulgarly,
scringe.']
CRINGE, (krinj) v. i. To bow ; to bend with servility ; to
fawn ; to make court by mean compliances.
CRINGE, (krinj) n. A bow ; servile civility. Philips.
CRING'ER, n. One who cringes, or bows and flatters with
servility
CRING'ING, ppr. Shrinking ; bowing servilely.
CRIN'GLE, (kring'gl) 7i. [D. kring, krinkel.] 1. A withe
for fastening a gate ; [local.] — 2. In marine language, a
hole In the bolt-rope of a sail.
CRT-NIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. criniger.] Hairy ; overgrown
with hair. Diet.
CRl'NITE, a. [L. crinitus.] Having the appearance of a
tuft of hair.
CRIN'KLE, (krink'l) v. i. [D. krinkelen.] To turn or wind ;
to bend ; to wrinkle ; to run in and out in little or short
bends or turns.
CRIN'KLE, V. t. To form with short turns or wrinkles ; to
mold into inequalities.
CRIN'KLE, n. A wrinkle ; a winding or turn ; sinuosity.
CRI'NOSE, a. Hairv. [Little used.]
CRI-NOS'I-TY, 71. Hairiness. [Little used.]
CRIP'PLE, (krip'pl) n. [D. kreupel.] A lame person ; pri-
marily, one wlio creeps, halts or limps ; one who has lost,
or never enjoyed, the use of his limbs.
CRIP'PLE, a. Lame. Shak.
CRIP'PLE, V. t. li To lame ; to deprive of the use of the
limbs, particularly of the legs and feet. 2. To disable; to
deprive of the power of exertion.
CRIP'PLED, j}p. Lamed ; rendered impotent in the limbs ,
disabled.
CRiP'PLE-NESS, n. Lameness.
CRIP'PLING, ppr. Laming ; depriving of the use of the
limbs ; disabling.
CRi'SIS, 71. ; plu. Crises. [Gt. Kpicis ; L. crisis.] 1. In
medical science, the change of a disease which indicates
its event ; that change which indicates recovery or death.
2. The decisive state of things, or the point of time when
an affair is arrived to its height, and must soon terminate
or suffer a material change.
CRISP, a. [L. crispus.] I. Curled; formed into curls or
linglets. 2. Indented; winding. 3. Brittle; friable;
easily broken or crumbled.
CRISP, V. t. [L. crispo.] 1. To curl ; to twist ; to contract
or form into ringlets, as the hair ; to wreathe or inter-
weave. 2. To indent. Johnson. To twist or eddy.
CRIS-Pa'TION, 71. The act of curling, or state of being
curled. Bacon.
CRISP'A-TURE, n. A curling ; the state of being curled.
CRISPED, jyp. Curled ; twisted ; frizzled.
CRISP'ING, ppr. Curling ; frizzling.
CRISP'ING-I'RON, 71. A curling-iron.
CRISP'ING-PIN, n. A curling-iron. Isaiah.
CRIS-?I-SUL'€ANT, a. Waved or undulating, as light-
ning is represented.
CRISP'NESS, 71. A state of being curled ; also, brittleness.
CRISP'Y, a. 1. Curled ; formed into ringlets. 2. Brittle ;
dried , so as to break short.
CRISS-CROSS-ROW, n. Alphabet ; beginning.
CRIST' ATE, \ a. [L. crlstatus.] In botany, crested ; tuft-
CRiST'A-TED, \ ed ; having an appendage like a crest or
tuft. _
CRI-Te'RI-ON, n. ; plu. Criteria. [Gr. Kpirripiov.] A
standard of judging ; any established law, rule, principle,
or fact, by which facts, propositions and opinions are com-
pared, in order to discover their truth or falsehood, or by
which a correct judgment may be formed.
CRITH'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr; Kpt6r] and jxavreta.] A kind of
divination by means of the dough of cakes, and the meal
strewed over the victims, in ancient sacrmces.
CRIT'IC, 71. [Gr. KpiTiKos.] 1. A person skilled in judging
of the merit of Uterary works ; one who is able to discern
and distinguish the beauties and faults of writing. In a
more general sense, a person skilled in judging with pro-
priety of any combination of objects, or of any work of
art. 2. An examiner; a judge. 3. One who judges
with severity ; one who censures or finds fault. Pcpe.
CRIT'IC, «. Critical ; relating to criticism, or the art of
judging of the merit ofa literary perfoimance or discourse
"or of any work in the fine arts.
CRIT'IC, V. i. To criticise ; to play the critic. [Little used.]
CRIT'I CAL, c. [L. criticus.] 1. Relating lo criticism,
nicely exact. 2. Having the skill or power nicely to dis-
tinguish beauties from blemishes. 3. Making nice dis-
tinctions ; accurate. 4. Capable of judging with accuracy ;
discerning beauties and faults ; nicely judicious in mat-
ters of literature and the fine arts. 5. Capable of judging
with accuracy ; conforming to exact rules of propriety ;
exact ; particular. 6. Inclined to find fault, or to judge
with severity. 7. [See Crisis.] Pertaining to a crisis;
marking the lime or state ofa disease which indicates its
termination in the death or recovery of the patient. 8.
Producing a crisis or change in a disease ; indicating a
crisis. 9. Decisive ; noting a time or state on which the
issue of things depends ; important, as regards the conse-
quences. 10. Formed or situated to determine or decide,
or having the crisis at command ; important or essential
for determining.
CRIT'I-CAL-LY, adv. 1. In a critical manner ; with nice
discernment of truth or falsehood, propriety or impropri-
ety ; with nice scrutiny ; accurately ; exactly. 2. At the
crisis ; at the exact time. 3. In a critical situation, place
or condition, so as to command the crisis.
CRIT'I-CAL-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being critical ; inci-
dence at a particular point of time. 2. Exactneas ; accu-
racy ; nicety ; minute care in examination.
CRIT'I-CTSE, V. i. 1. To examine and judge critically ; to
judge with attention to beauties and faults. £ To write
remarks on the merit of a performance ; to notice lieauties
and faults. 3. To animadvert upon as faulty ; to utter
censure^
CRIT'I-ClSE, V. t. I. To notice beauties and blemishes or
faults in ; to utter or write remarks on the merit of a per-
formance. 2. To pass judgment on with lespect to merit
or blame.
CRIT'I-ClSED, pp. Examined and judged with respect to
beauties and faults.
CRIT'T-ClS-ER, 71. One who makes or writes remarks.
CRIT'I-CIS-ING, f-pr. Examining and judging with regard
to beauties and faults ; remarking on ; animadverting on
' See Synopsis MOVE BCQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete
CRO
208
CRO
€KIT'I-CISM, n. 1, The art of judging with propriety of
ihe beauties and faults of a literary perfonnance, or of
any production in the tine arts ; as, the rules of criticism.
a. The act of judging on the merit of a performance ; an-
imadversjon ; remark on beauties and faults ; critical ob-
servativiii, verbal or written.
€Rl-TiaUE', or €KIT'ie, n. [Fr. critique.] 1. A critical ex-
amination of the merits of a performance ; remarks or an-
imadversions on beauties ;md faults. 2. Science of criti-
cism ; standard or rules of judging of the merit of per-
formances. Locke.
eillZ'ZKL, ) 11. A kind of roughness on the surface
€KIZ''ZEL-LNGj ) of glass, which clouds its transpa-
rejicy.
€RoAJK, V. i. [Sax. cracettan ; Goth, hriikijan.] 1. To
make a low, hoarse noise in the *hroat, as a frog or other
?Jiimal. 2. To caw ; to cry as a raven or crovv. 3. To
make any low, muttering sound, resembling that of a
frog or raven. 4. In contempt, to speak with a low, hol-
low voice.
€E.oAK, 71. The low, harsh sound uttered by a frog or a
rav'en, or a like sound.
€RoAK'ER, n. One that croaks, murmurs or grumbles ;
one who complains unreasonably.
€RoAK'ING, ppr. Uttering a low, harsh sound from the
thjoat, or other similar sound.
€RoAK'ING, n. A low, harsh souiid, as of a frog, or the
bowels.
€RO'ATS, n. Troops, natives of Croatia.
€RO'€AL-ITE, n. A mineral, a variety of zeolite.
€Ro'CEOUS, a. [L. croceiis.] Like saffron ; yellow ; con-
sisting of sailron.
€RO'CHES, 71. Little buds or knobs about tlie tops of a
deer's hern. Bailey.
€R0C-I-TA'TIOi^, n. [L. crocito.] A croaking.
f €ROeK, n. [Sax. cruce, crocca.] An earthen vessel ; a
pot or pitcher ; a cup.
eRO€K, 71. Soot, or the black matter collected from com-
bustion on pots and kettles, or in a chimney. Ray.
eUOGK, V. t. or i To black with soot, or other matter col-
lected from combustion ; or to black with the coloring
matter of cloth. JVe70 England.
€ROeK'ER-Y, 71. [W. crocan.l Earthen ware •, vessels
formed of clay, glazed and baked. The term is applied
to the coarser kinds of ware j the finer kinds being usual-
ly called cAi'na or ^jorceZcm.
*eRO€'0-DiLE, ??. \Gr. upoKohCkog.] L An amphibious
animal of the genus lacena, or lizard, of the largest kind.
It inhabits the large rivers in Africa and Asia. See Alli-
gator. — 2. In rhetoric^ a captious and sophistical argu-
ment.
* €RC>€ O-DlLE, a. Pertaining to or like a crocodile.
€Ro€US, 7(. [Gr. AcpoKo?.] 1. Saffron, a genus of plants.
— 2. "in chemistry, a yellow powder ; any metal calcined
to a red or deep yellow color.
eROFT, n. [Sax. croft.] A little close adjoining or near to
a dwellJng-house, and used for pasture, tillage or other
purposes.
€ROI-SaDE', 7i. [Fr.] A holy war ; an expedition of Chris-
tians against the infidels, for . the conquest of Palestine.
See the more common word. Crusade.
CROIS'ES, 71. 1. Soldiers enrolled under the banners of the
cross. Burke. 2. Pilgrims who cany the cross.
€RO'KER, 71. A fowl that inhabits the Chesapeake and the
large rivei-s in Virginia.
CR0M'LE€H,7!. [W. cromlcg.] Huge flat stones resting on
other stones, set on end for that pWpose ; supposed to be
the remains of Druidical altars.
€ROiVE, n. [It. criona.] 1. An old woman. Drydcn. 2.
An old ewe. Tusser.
€Ro'NET, 71. \coronet.] 1. The hair which grows over
the top of a horse's hoof. 2. The iron at the end of a
tilting spade.
e58N'YS'AL,|«-A-----
tJRo'NY, n. An ultimate companion ; an associate 3 a fa-
miliar friend.
CROOK, n. [Sw. krok.] 1. Any bend, turn or curve; or a
bent or curving instrument. 2. A shepherd .stafl^, curving
at the end ; a pastoral staff. 3. A gibbet. 4. An arti-
fice ; a trick.
€ROOK, V. t. [Fr. crochuer.] L To bend ; to turn from a
stra'ight line ; to make a curve or hook. 2. To turn from
rectitude ; to pervert. 3. To thwart ; [little used.]
CROOK. V. i. To bend or be bent 3 to be turned from a
riglit line ; to cui-ve ; to wind.
CROOK'-BACK, n. A crnoked back 3 one who has a crook-
ed back or round shoulders. Shah.
CROOK'-BACKED, a. Having a round back or shoulders.
Vryden.
CRQOK'ED, pp. or a. 1. Bent ; curved ; curving ; wnid-
ing! 2. Winding in moral conduct 3 devious 5 froward 3
perverse ; going ^ut of the path of rectitude 3 given to
obliquity, or wandering from duty.
CRQOK'ED-LY, adv. 1. In a winding manner, 2. IFnto-
w'ardly 3 not compliantly.
€RQOK'ED-NESS, 71. 1. A winding, bending or turning,
curvity5 curvature 3 inflection. 2. Pei-verseness 3 unto-
wardness 5 deviation from rectitude 3 iniquity 3 -jbliqui-
ty of conduct. 3. Deformity of a gibbous body.
t CRQOK'EN, V. t. To make crooked
CROOK'ING, ppr. Bending : windmg.
€R66K'-KN£ED, a. Having crooked knees. Shak.
CROOK'-SHoUL'DERED, a. Having bent shoulders.
CROP, n. [Sax. crop, cropp.] 1. The first stomach of a
fowl 3 the craiD. 2. The top or highest part of a thing 5 the
end; [not inline.] Chaucer. 3. That which is gathered :
the corn or fruits of the earth collected 3 harvest. ».
Corn and other cultivated plants while growhig. 5. A]iy
thing cut on" or gathered. 6. Hair cut close or short.
CROP, V. t. 1. To cut off the ends cf any thing ; to eat off;
to pull off; to pluck 3 to mow 3 to reap. 2. To cut off
prematurely 3 to gather before it falls.
j£RO¥,v.i. To yield harvest. Shak.
CR0P'-EAR, n. A horse whose ears are cropped.
CROP^eARED, a. Having the ears cropped.
CROP'FUL, a. Having a full crop or belly 3 satiated.
Cropped, or CROPT, pp. Cut off 3 plucked 3 eaten off
reaped, or mowed.
CROP'PER, n. A pigeon with a large crop. Walton.
CROP'PIXG, pp-. Cutting off; pulling off; eating off
reaping, or mowing.
CEOP'PrNG, n. 1. The act of cutting off. 2. The raising
of crops.
CROP'-iSICK, a. Sick or indisposed from a surcharged stom
ach 3 sick with excess in eating or drinking.
CROP'-SICK-NESS, ?(. Sickness from repletion of the stom-
ach. [L. crapuia.]
CRo SIER, (krS'zhur) n. [Fr. crosse.] 1. A bishop's crook
or pastoral staff, a symbol of pastoral authority and care.
— 2. In astronomy, four stars in the southern hemisphere,
in the form of a cross.
CROS'LET, 71. A small cross. — In heraldry, a cross crossed
at a small distance from the ends.
CROSS, 7!. [W. crocs.] 1. A gibbet consisting of two
pieces of timber placed across each other, either in foim
of a T, or of an X. 2. The ensign of the Christian re-
ligion; and hence, ^3-MratiDe/?/, the religion itself. 3. A
monument with a cross upon it to excite devotion, such
as were anciently set in market places. 4» Any thing in
the form of a cross or gibbet. 5. A line drawn through
another. 6. Any thing that thwarts, obstructs, or per-
plexes 3 hinderance ; vexation ; misfortune ; opposition ;
trial of patience. 7 Money or coin stamped with the
figure of a cross. 8. The right side or face of a coin,
stamped with a cross. 9. The mark of a cross, instead
of a signature, on a deed, formerly impressed by those
who could not write. 10. Church lands in Ireland. — IJ.
In theology, the sufferings of Christ by crucifixion. 12.
The doctrine of Christ's sufferings and of the atonement,
or of salvation by Christ. — To take up the cross, is to sub-
mit to troubles and afflictions from love to Christ. — 13. In
mining, two nicks cut in the surface of the earth, thus -j-,
— Cross and pile, a play with money.
CROSS, a. 1. Transvei-se ; oblique ; passing from side
to side 3 falling athwart. 2. Adverse 3 opposite 3 ob-
structing. 3. Perverse 3 untractable. 4. Peevish 3 fret-
ful 3 ill-humored. 5. Contrary 3 contradictory 3 perplex-
ing. 6. Adverse 5 unfortunate. 7. Interchanged 5 as, a
cross marriage. 8. Noting what belongs to an adverse
party.
CROSS, prep. Athwart 3 transversely 3 over 3 from side to
side 3 so as to intersect. Dryden.
CROSS, V. t. 1. To draw or run a line, or lay a body
across another. 2. To erase ; to cancel. 3. To make
the sign of the cross, as Catholics in devotion. 4. To
pass from side to side ; to pass or move over. 5. To
thwart 3 to obstruct 3 to hinder 5 to embarrass. 6. To
counteract ; to clash or interfere with 5 to be inconsistent
with. 7. To counteract or contravene 3 to hinder by au
tbority 3 to stop. 8. To contradict. Honker. 9. To de-
bar or preclude. — To cross the breed of an animal, is to
produce young from different varieties of the species.
CROSS, V. i. 1. To lie or be athwart. 2. To move or pass
laterally, or from one side towards the other, or from
place to place. 3. To pe inconsistent 3 [not iwed.] Sid
ncy,
CRO'SS'-ARMED, a. With arms across. — lnlotany,hra.fm-
ate 3 decussated 3 having branches in paiis, each at right
angles with the next.
CR OSS'- AR- ROW, n. An arrow of a cross-bow. Beaumont
and Fletcher.
CROSS'-BARRED, a. Secured bv transverse bars.
CROSS'-BAR-SHOT, n. A bullet with an iron bar passing
through it.
CR03S'-BEaR-ER, 71. In the Romish church, the chaplain
of an archbishop, who bears a cross before him.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long—FKU, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— t Obsolete.
CRO
209
CRO
t/ROSS -BILL, n. In chancery, an original bill by which
the defendant prays relief against the plaintiff.
€ROSS'-BILL, n. A species of bird.
€ROSS'-BITE, 71. A deception ; a cheat. L^Estrange.
€ROSS'-BITE, V. t. To thwart or contravene by deception.
€ROSS'-BoW, n. In archery, a missive weapon formed by
placiiig a bow athwart a stock.
€KOSS'-BoW-ER, n. One who shoots with a cross-bow.
€ROSS'-BUN, n. A cake marked with the form of a cross.
CROSS'eUT, V. t. To cut across.
€ROSS'€UT-SAW, n. A saw managed by two men, one
at each end.
€ROSSED, pp. Having a line drawn over ; canceled ; eras-
ed ; passed ovei- 3 thwarted ; opposed ; obstructed ; coun-
€ROSS'-E*X-AM-IN-A TION, n. The examination or in-
terrogation of a witness, called by one party, by the oppo-
site party or his counsel.
€ROSSi-EX-AM'iNE, v. t. To examine a witness by the
opposite party or his counsel, as the witness for the plain-
tiff by the defendant, and vice versa. Kent.
€ROSS'-EX-AM'INED, pp. Examined or interrogated by
the opposite party.
€ROSS'-FLoW, V. i. To flow across. Milton.
€ROSS'-GRaIN£D, a. 1. Having the grain or fibres
across or inegular. 2. Perverse; untractable; not con-
descending.
€ROSS'iiVG, ppr. Drawing; running or passing a line
over ; erasing ; canceling ; thwarting ; opposing ; coun-
teracting ; passing over.
€ROSS'ING, 71. A thwarting ; impediment ; vexation.
eROSS'-JA€K, (kro-jeck) n. A sail extended on the lower
yard of the mizzen-mast ; but seldom used.
CROSS'-LEGGED, a. Having the legs across.
€ROSS'LET. See Croslet.
€ROSS'LY, adv. 1. Athwart ; so as to intersect something
else. 2. Adversely; in opposition; unfortunately. 3.
Peevishly; fretfully.
€ROSS'NESS, n. Peevishness ; fretfulness ; ill-humor ; per-
verseness.
CROSS'-PIeCE, n. A rail of timber extending over the
windlass of a snip.
€ROSS'-PUR-POSE, n. A contrary purpose ; contradictory
system ; also, a conversation in which one person does or
pretends to misunderstand another's meaning. An enig-
ma ; a riddle.
€ROSS'-aUES-TrON, V. t. To cross-examine.
eaOSS'-RoW, 71. l. The alphabet, so named because a
cross is placed at the beginning, to show that the end of
learning Js piety. 2. A row that crosses others.
€ROSS'-SeA, 71. Waves running across others; a swell
running in different directions.
CROSS'-STAFF, n. An instrument to take the altitude of
the sun or stars.
eilOSS'-STONE, 71. A mineral, called also harmotome, and
staurolite.
CROSS'-TlN-ING, n. In htisbandry, a harrowing by draw-
ing the harrow or drag back and forth on the same
ground.
CROSS'-TREES, n. In ships, certain pieces of timber, sup-
ported by the cheeks and trestle-trees, at the upper ends
of the lower masts.
CROSSi-WAY, orCROSS'-RoAD, n. A way or road that
crosses another road or the chief road ; an obscure
path intersecting the main road.
€ROSS'-WIND, 71. A side wind ; an unfavorable wind.
CROSS'-WISE, adv. Across ; in the form of a cross.
€ROSS'-W0RT, 71. A plant of the genus valantia.
eROTCH, n. [Fr. croc] 1. A fork or forking; the parting
of two legs or branches.— 2. In ships, a crooked timber
placed on the keel, in the fore and aft parts of a ship. 3.
A piece of wood or iron, opening on the top, and extend-
ing two horns or arms, like a half moon.
€ROTCHED, a. Having a crotch ; forked.
CROTCH'ET, 71. [Fr. crochet, croche.] 1. In prirt xag, a
hook including words, a sentence or a passage distin-
guished from the rest, thus [ ].— 2. In music, a note or
character, equal in time to half a minim, and the double
of a quaver, thus f. 3. A piece of wood reseribling a
fork, used as a support in building. 4. A peculiar turn
of the mind ; a whim, or fancy ; a perverse conceit.
eROTCH'ET, V. i. To play in a measured time of music.
eROTCH'ET-ED, a. Marked with crotchets.
CROUCH, V. i. [G. kriechen, kroch, krbche.] 1. To bend
down ; to stoop low ; to lie close to the ground ; as an
animal. 2. To bend servilely ; to stoop meanly ; to fawn ;
to cringe.
t CROUCH, V. t. To sign with the cross ; to bless.
CROUCH'-BACK. See Crookback.
CROUCH'ED-FRI'ARS, 71. An order of friars, so called
from the cross which they wore.
CROUCH'ING, ppr. Bending ; stooping ; cringing.
CROUD. See Crowd.
CROUP, } n. [Scot, croup, crope, crupe.] The disease called
CROOP, \ technically cynanche trachealis, an affection of
the throat, accompanied with a hoarse, diflScult respira-
tion. It is vulgarly called rattles.
CROUP, ) n. [Fr croM/^e.] 1. The rump of a fowl ; the
CROOP, ) buttocks of a horse, or extremity of the reins
above the hips. 2. [Scot, croup.] The cynanche trache-
alis, a disease of the throat.
CRoU-PaDE', ) 7t. In the maneg-e, a leap in which the
CROO-PaDE', \ horse pulls up his hind legs, as if he
drew them up to his belly.
CROUT, ) n. [G. kraut.] Sour crout Is made by laying
KROUT, ) mmced or chopped caobage in layers in a bar-
rel, with a handful of salt and caraway seeds between
the layers, then ramming down the whole, covering it,
pressing it with a heavy weight, and suffering it to stand
till it has gone through fermentation It is an efficacious
preservative against scurvy.
CRoW, 71. [Sax. crawe.] 1. A large black fowl, of the ge-
nus corvus. — To pluck or pull a crow, is to be industrioua
or contentious about a trifle. 2. A bar of iron with a
beak, crook or two claws, used in raising and moving
heavy weights. 3. The voice of the cock.
CRoW, V. i.; pret. and pp. crowed ; formerly, pret. crew.
[Sax. crawan.] 1. To cry or make a noise as a cock, in
joy, gayety or defiance. 2. To boast in triumph ; to
vaunt ; to vapor ; to swagger. Grandison.
CRoW-BAR, n. A bar of iron sharpened at one end, used
as^a lever for raising weights.
CRoW'-BER-RY, 71. A plant of the genus empetrum.
CRoW'S'-BlLL, 71. In surgery, a kind of forceps for ex-
tracting bullets and other things from wounds.
t CRo WiS'-FEET, 7). The wrinkles under the eyes, which
are the effects of age. Chaucer.
CRoW'-FLOW-ER, //. A kind of campion.
CRoW'-FQOT, n. 1. On hoard of ships, a complication of
small cords spreading out from a long block. — 2. In botany,
tlie ranunculus, a genus of plants.
CRoW'S'-FOOT, n. In the military art, a meichine of iron,
wjth fom- points ; a caltrop.
CRoW'lNG, ppr. Uttering a particular voice, as a cock •
boasting in triumph ; vaunting ; bragging.
t CROW'-KEEP-ER, n. A scarecrow. Shak.
CRoW'-NET, n. In England, a net for catching wild
fowls ; the net used in A''ew England for catching wild
pigeons.
CRoW'-SILK,' 71. A plant, the conferva rivalis.
CRoW'-TOE, 71. A plant ; as the tufl;ed crow-toe.
CROWD, or CROWTH, 71. [Ir. cruit.] An instrument of
music with six strings; a kind of violin.
CROWD, n. [SvLX. cruth, cread.] 1. Property, a collection ;
a number of things collected, or closely pressed together.
2. A number of persons congregated and pressed together,
or collected into a close body without order ; a throng.
3. A multitude ; a great number collected. 4. A number
of tilings near together ; a number promiscuously assem-
bled or lying near each other. 5. The lower orders of
people ; the populace ; the vulgar.
CROWi), V. t. 1. To press ; to urge ; to drive together
2. To fill by pressing numbers together without order.
3. To fill to excess. 4. To encumber by multitudes. 5.
To urge ; to press by solicitation ; to dun. — 6. In seaman-
ship, to crowd sail, is to carry an extraordinary force of
sail, with a view to accelerate the course of a ship, as in
chasing or escaping from an enemy ; to carry a press of
sail.
CROWD, v.i. 1. To press in numbers. 2. To press; to
urge forward. 3. To swarm or be numerous.
CROWDED, pp. Collected and pressed ; pressed together ;
urged ; driven ; filled by a promiscuous multitude.
CROWD'ER, n. A fiddler ; on6 who plays on a crowd.
CROWD'ING,;?pr. Pressing together ; pushing; thrusting;
driving; assembling in a promiscuous multitude; filling;
urging.
CROWD'Y, n. Meal and water, sometimes mixed with
milk. Grose.
CivOWN, 7(. [Fr. courov7ie.] 1. An ornament worn on the
head by kings and sovereign princes, as a badge of impe-
rial or regal power and dignity. Figuratively, regal
power ; royalty ; kingly government, or executive au-
thority. ^. A wreath or garland. 3. Hortorary distinc-
tion ; reward. 4. Honor ; splendor ; dignity. 5. The
top of the head ; the top of a mountain or other elevated
object. The end of an anchor. 6. The part of a hat
which covers the top of the head. 7. A coin anciently
stamped with the figure of a crown. 8. Completion ; ac-
complishment. 9. Clerical tonsure in a circular form ; a
little circle shaved on the top of the head, as a mark of
ecclesiastical office or distinction. — 10. Among jewelers,
the upper work of a rose diamond. — 11. In botany, an ap-
pendage to the top of a seed, which serves to bear it in
the wind.
CROWN, V. t. 1. To invest with a crown or regal orna-
ment. Hence, to invest with regal dignity ana power.
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH !
14
: in this, f Obsolete
CRU
210
CRU
2 To cover, as with a crown ; to cover the top. 3. To
honor ; to dignify ; to adorn. 4. To reward ; to bestow
an honorary reward or distinction on. 5. To reward ; to
recompense. 6. To terminate or finish ; to complete ; to
perfect. 7. To terminate and reward.
CROWNED, pp. Invested with a crown, or with regal
power and dignity ; honored ; dignified ; rewarded with
a crown, wreath, garland or distinction 3 recompensed;
terminated 5 completed ; perfected.
CROWN'ER, n. He or that whicli crowns or completes.
OROVVN'ET, ?(. A coronet, which see. Shakspeare has
used it for chief end or last purpose ; but this sense is
singular.
CROWN'-GLaSS, n. The finest sort of English window-
glass.
CROWN'-IM-Pe'RI-AL, n. A plant of the genus /?-i£iZZana,
having a beautiful flower.
€ROWN'ING, ppr. Investmg with a crown, or with royal-
ty or supreme power ; honoring with a wreath or with
distinction ; adoniing ; rewarding ; finishing ; perfect-
ing.
€ROWN'ING, n. 1. In architecture, the finishing of a
member or any ornamental worit. — 2. In marine lan-
guage, the finishing part of a knot, or interweaving of the
strands.
€ROWN'-OF-FiCE, n. In England, an office belonging to
the court of King's Bench, of which the king's coroner or
attorney is commonly master, and in which the attorney-
general and clerk exhibit informations for crimes and
misdemeanors.
CROWN'-PoST, n. In building, a post which stands up-
light in the middle, between two principal rafters.
€ROWN'-S€AB, n. A scab formed round the corners of a
horse's hoof, a cancerous and painful sore.
€ROWN'-THIS-TLE, n. A flower.
€ROWN'-WHEEL, n. In a watch, the upper wheel next
the balance.
€ROWN'-W6RK, n. In fortification, an out- work running
into the field, consisting of two demi-bastions at the ex-
tremes, and an entire bastion in the middle, with cur-
tains.
€ROYL'STONE, n. Crystalized cauk. in which the crystals
are small. Johnson.
€RU'CIAL, a. [Fr. cruciale.] In surgery, transverse ; pass-
iiig across ; intersecting ; in form of a cross.
€RU'CIAN, n. A short, thick, broad fish, of a deep yellow
color.
eilO'CIATE, v.t. [L. crude. ] To torture; to torment; to
afflict with extreme pain or distress ; but the verb is sel-
dom used. See Excruciati:.
CRU'CIATE, a. Tormented. [Little used.]
€RU-CI-A'TION, 71. The act of torturing; torment. [Little
used.] Hall,
€RtJ'Ci-BLE, n. [It. crogiiiolo and crociuolo.] 1. A chem-
ical vessel or melting pot, made of earth, and so tempered
and baked, as to endure extreme heat without melting.
It is used for melting ores, metals, &c. 2. A hollow
place at the bottom of a chemical furnace.
€RU-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [Ju. crucifcr.] Bearing the cross.
Dict_
€Rtf'CI-Fl-ER, n. A person who cnicifies ; one who puts
aiiother to death on a cross,
€RU'CI-FIX, n. [L. crucifixvs.] 1. A cross on which the
body of Christ is fastened in effigy. 2. A representation,
in painting or statuary, of our Lord fastened to the cross.
3. M^rati-yeZ?/, the religion of Christ; [little used.] Tay-
lor.
eRU-CI-FIX'ION, n. The nailing or fastening of a person
to a cross, for the purpose of putting him to death ; the act
or punishment of putting a criminal to death by nailing
him to a cross.
€Ru'CI-FORM, a. [L. crux and forma.] Cross-shaped.—
In botany, consisting of four equal petals, disposed in the
form of a cross.
f.'RCCI-F'?, V. t. [L. crucifigo ; Fr. crucifier.] 1. To nafl
to a cross ; to put to death by nailing the hands and feet
to a cross or gibbet. 2. In Scriptural language, to sub-
due ; to mortify ; to destroy the jx)wer or ruling influence
of. 3. To reject and despise. 4. To vex or torment ;
[not v^edj] Burton.
€RU'CI-FY-ING, ppr. Putting to death on a cross or gib-
bet ; subduing ; destroying the fife and power of.
€RU-ClG'ER-OUS, a. [L. cruciger.] Bearing the cross.
€RUD, 7?. Curd. See Curd, the usual orthography.
eRfJD'DLE, V. i. To curdle ; also, to stoop. Brockett.
CRUDE, a. [L. crudus.] 1. Raw ; not cooked or prepared
by fire or heat ; in its natural state ; undressed. 2. Not
changed from its natural state ; not altered or prepared by
any artificial process. 3. Rough ; harsh ; unripe ; not
mellowed by air or other means. 4. Unconcocted; not
well digested in the stomach. 5. Not brought to perfec-
tion ; unfinished ; immature. 6. Having indigested no-
tions. 7. Indigested ; not matured ; not well formed,
arranged or prepared in the intellect.
eRCDE'LY, adv. Without due preparation ; without form
or arrangement ; without maturity or digestion.
GRCfDE'NESS, n. 1. Rawness ; unripeness ; an undigested
or unprepared state. 2. A state of being unformed, cr
indigested ; immatureness.
CRtJ'DI-TY, n. [L. cruditas.] Rawness ; crudeness. —
Among physicians, undigested substances in the stomach,
€RUD'LE, V. t. To coagulate. But this word is generally
written curdle, which see.
fCRUD'Y, a. 1. Concreted; coagulated. Spenser. 2. Raw;
chill. Skak.
€RU'EL, a. [Fr. cruel ; L. crudelis.] Disposed to give pain
to others, in body or mind ; willing or pleased to torment,
vex or afflict ; inhuman ; destitute of pity, compassion or
kindness ; fierce ; ferocious ; savage ; barbarous ; hard-
hearted ; applied to persons.
CRu'EL-LY, adv. 1. In a cruel manner ; with cruelty 3
inhmnanly ; bcubarousiy. 2. Painfully ; with severe pain,
or torture.
€RU'EL-NESS, n. Inhumanity ; cruelty. Spenser.
€Rtf'EL-TY, n. [L. crudelitas ; Fi.cruaute.] 1. Inhuman
ity ; a savage or barbarous disposition or temper, which is
gratified in giving unnecessary pain or distress to others ;
barbarity ; applied to persons. Shak. 2. Barbarous deed ;
any act of a human being which inflicts unnecessary
pain ; any act intended to torment, vex or afflict, or which
actually torments or afflicts, without necessity ; wrong ;
injustice ; oppression.
€RU'EN-TATE, a. [L. cruentatus.] Smeared with blood.
[Little used.] Olanville.
€RU-ENT'OUS, a. [L. cruentus,] Bloody.
€RU'ET, n. [Fr. cruchette.] A vial, or small glass bottle,
for holding vinegar, oil, &;c.
€RuISE, n. [D. kroes.] A small cup. See Cruse.
CRUISE, V. i. [D. kruissen.] To sail back and forth, or to
rove on the ocean in search of an enemy's ships for cap-
ture, or for protecting commerce ; or to rove for plunder
as^ a pirate.
CRUISE, 72. A voyage made in crossing courses ; a sailing
to and fro in search of an enemy's ships, or by a pirate in'
search of plunder.
CRulS'ER, n. A person or a ship that cruises ; usuafly, an
armed ship that sails to and fro for capturing an enemy 's
ships, for protecting the commerce of the country, or for
plunder.
€RulS'ING, ppr. Sailing for the capture of an enemy's
shi^s, or for protecting commerce, or for plunder as a
pirate.
€RUM, n. [Sax. cruma.] A small fragment or piece ; usu-
ally, a small piece of bread or other food, broken or cut
off.
€RUM, V. t. To break or cut into small pieces.
CRUM'BLE, V. t. [D. kruimelen; G. krilmeln.] To break
into small pieces ; to divide into minute parts.
CRUM'RLE, v.i. 1. To fail into small pieces ; to break or
part into small fragments. 2. To fall to decay ; to per-
ish.
€RUM'BLED, pp. Broken or parted into small pieces.
CRUM'BLING, ppr. Breaking into small fragments ; falling
mto small pieces ; decaying.
t €RU'ME-NAL, n. [L, crumena.] A purse. Spenser.
€RUM'MA-BLE, a. Capable of being broken into small
pieces.
CRUM'MY, a. FuUofcrums; soft.
CRUMP, a. [Sax. crump.] Crooked; as, crwTTip-shouldered.
CRUMP'ET, 71. A sofl cake.
CRUM'PLE, V. i. To draw or press into wrinkles or folds .;
to rumple. Addison.
CRUM'PLE, v.i. To contract; to shrink. Smitn.
CRUM'PLED, pp. Drawn or pressed into wrinkles.
€RUM'PLING, ppr. Drawing or pressing into wrinkles.
CRUMTLING, n. A small, degenerate apple.
t IrunIlle, I '"' '■ 'To ""'y "^« ^ <=^^°«-
CRU'OR, n. [L J Gore ; coagulated blood.
CRUP, or CRCUP, n. The buttocks.
t €RUP, a. Short ; brittle.
* €RyP'PER, 71. [Fr. crovpiere.] 1. In the manege, the
buttocks of a horse ; the rump. 2. A strap of leather
which is buckled to a saddle, and, passmg under a horse's
tail, prevents the saddle from being cast forward on to the
horee's neck.
* CRUP'PER, V. t. To put a crupper on.
€RU''RAL, a. [L. cruralis.] Belonging to the leg; as the
crural artery, v/hich conveys blood to the legs, and the
crural vein, which returns it,
CRU-SaDE', n. [Fr, croisade.] A military expedition, tm-
dertaken by Christians, for the recovery of the Holy Land,
the scene of our Savior's life and sufierings, from the
power of infidels or Mohammedans.
€RU-SaDE', n. A Portuguese coin, stamped with a cross.
CRU-SaD'ER, 71. A person engaged in a crusade.
€RU-Sa'DO, 71. The same as crusade.
CRUSE, n. [D. kroes.] A small cup,— In JVew England, it
* See Synopsis. A £, I 5 U Y ioft^— FAR, FALL, WHA'J' ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— ^ Obsolete
CRY
211
CUB
is used chiefly or wholly for a small bottle or vial for vin-
egaB called a vinegar-cruse.
CRU'SET, «. [Fr. creuset.] A goldsmith's crucible or melt-
ing pot. Phillips.
€RUSH, V. t. [Fr. ecraser ; Sw. krossa.] 1. To press and
bruise between two hard bodies ; to squeeze, so as to
force a thing out of its natural shape ; to bruise by pres-
sure 2. To press with violence ; to force together into a
mass. 3. To overwhelm by pressure ; to beat or force
down, by an incumbent weight, with breaking or bruis-
ing. 4. To overwhelm by power ; to subdue ; to conquer
beyond resistance. 5. To oppress grievously. 6. To
bruise and break into fine particles by beating or grinding ;
to comminute.
€RUSH, V. i. To be pressed into a smaller compass by ex-
ternal weight or force.
CRUSH, n. A violent collision, or rushing together, which
breaks or bruises the bodies; or a fall that breaks or
bruises into a confused mass.
€RUSH a Cup. To empty a cup ; to drink together. Shak.
CRUSHED, pp. Pressed or squeezed so as to break or
bruise; overwhelmed or subdued by power; broken or
bruised by a fall ; grievously oppressed ; broken or bruised
to powder; comminuted.
GRUSH'ER, 71. A violent breaker.
€RUSH'ING, ppr. Pressing or squeezing into a mass, or
until broken or bruised ; overwhelming ; subduing by
force ; oppressing ; comminuting.
€RUST, n. [L. ci-iista.] 1. An external coat or covering
of a thing, which is hard, or harder than the internal sub-
stance. 2. A piece of crust ; a waste piece of bread. 3.
A shell, as the hard covering of a crab and some other
animals. 4. A scab. 5. The superficial substances of
the earth are, in ffsology, called its crust.
€RUST, V. t. 1. To cover with a hard case or coat ; to
spread over the surface a substance harder than the mat-
ter covered. 2. To cover with concretions.
CRUST, V. i. To gather or contract into a hard covering ;
to concrete or freeze, as superficial matter.
CRUS-TA-CE-OL'O-GY. See Crustalogt.
CRUS-Ta'CEOUS, a. [Fr. crustacee.] Pertaining to crust ;
like crust ; of the nature of crust or shell. Cmstaceojts
animals, or Crustacea, have a crust or shell composed of
several jointed pieces.
CRUS-Ta'CEOUS-NESS, n. The quality of having a soft
and jointed shell.
CRUS-TA-L06'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to crustalogv.
CRUS-TAiyO-filST, 71. One who describes, or is versed in
the science of crustaceous animals.
CRUS-TAL'0-6Y, n. [L. crusta, and Gr. \oyos,] That
part of zoology which treats of crv^taceous animals.
CRUST'A-TED, a. Covered with a crust.
CRUS-Ta'TION, 71. An adherent crust ; incrustation.
CRUST'ED, pp. Covered with a crust.
CRUST'I-LY, adv. Peevishly ; harshly ; moroselv.
CRUST'I-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of crust; hardness. 2.
Peevishness ; moroseness ; surliness.
CRUST'ING, pp: Covering with crust.
CRUST'Y, a. 1. Like crust; of the nature of crust; per-
taining to a hard covering; hard. 2. Peevish; snap-
pish ; morose ; surly.
CRUTCH, 71. [It. croccia.] 1. A staff with a curving cross-
piece at the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder,
to support the lame in walking. 2. Figuratively, old
age.
CRUTCH, v.t. To support on cratches ; to prop or sustain,
with miserable helps, that which is feeble.
CRUX, n. [L.] Any thing that puzzles and vexes. [Little
used.] Dr. Sheridan.
CRu'YS-HA6E, 71. A fish of the shark kind.
CRU-Za'DO. See Crusado.
€R^, v. i. ; pret. and pp. cried. [Fr. a-ier.] 1. To utter a
loud voice; to speak, call or exclaim with vehemence.
2. To call importunately ; to utter a loud voice, by way
of earnest request or prayer. 3. To utter a loud voice in
weeping ; to utter the voice of son-ow ; to lament. 4. To
utter a loud sound in distress. 5. To exclaim ; to utter a
loud voice ; with out. 6. To proclaim ; to utter a loud
voice, in giving public notice. 7. To bawl ; to squall ; as
a child. 8. To yelp, as a dog. It may be used for the
uttering of a loud voice by other animals. — To cry against,
to exclaim, or utter a loud voice, by way of reproof,
threatening or censure. — To cry out. 1, To exclaim ; to
vociferate ; to scream ; to clamor. 2. To complain loudly.
— To cry out against, to complain loudly, with a view to
censure ; to blame ; to utter censure. — To cry to, to call
on in prayer ; to implore.
CRY, 75. t. To proclaim ; to name loudly and publicly for
giving notice. — To cry down. 1. To decry ; to depreciate
by words or in writing ; to dispraise ; to condemn. 2. To
overbear. — To cry up, to praise ; to applaud ; to extol.
CRY, n.; plu. Cries. 1. In a general sense, a loud sound ut-
tered by the mouth of an animal ; applicable to the voice
of man or beast, and articulate or inarticulate. 2. A loud
or vehement sound, uttered in weeping, or lamentation j
it may be a shriek or scream. 3. Clamor; outcry. 4
Exclamation of triumph, of wonder, or of other passion
5. Proclamation ; public notice. 6. The notices of hawk-
ers of wares to be sold in the street are called cries, 7
Acclamation ; expression of popular favor. 8. A loud
voice in distress, prayer or request; importunate call.
9. Public reports or complaints ; noise ;, fame. 10. Bitter
complaints of oppression and injustice, 11. The sound or
voice of irrational animals; expression of joy, fright,
alarm or want. 12. A pack of dogs.
CRY'AL, 71. [W. cregyr.] The heron. Ainsworth
CRY'ER, n. A crier, which see.
CR'f'ER, 71. A kind of hawk, called the falcon gentle, an
enemy to pigeons, and very swift.
CRY'ING, ppr. Uttering aloud voice ; proclaiming, &c.
CR^'ING, a . Notorious ; common : great. Addison.
CRY'ING, n. Importunate call ; clamor; outcry.
CRY'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. K^vog and \iQoi.] A fluate of soda
and alumin, found in Greenland.
CRY-OPH'0-RUS, n. [Gr. /cpuos and ^opew.] Frost-bearer
an instrument for showing the relation between evapora-
tion at low temperatures and the production of cold
CRYPT, n. [Gr. x-puTrrw.] A subterranean cell or cave ,
especially under a church, for the Interment of persons ,
also, a subterranean chape] or oratory, and the grave of a
martyr.
CRYP'TI-CAL 1 "■' Hi<iden ; secret ; occult. Watts
CRYP'TI-CAL-LY, adv. Secretly.
CRYP'TO-GAM, n. [See Cryptogamy.] In botany, a plant
whose stamens and pistils are not distinctly visible.
CRYP-TO-Ga'MI-AN, a. Pertaining to plants of the class
crypto gamia.
CRYP-TOG'A-MY, n. [Gr. KpvirTos and yafjios.] Concealed
marriage ; a term applied to plants whose stamens and
pistils are not well ascertained.
CRYP-TOG'RA-PHER, n. One who writes in secret char-
acters.
CRYP-TO-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. Written in secret characters
or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink.
CRYP-TOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. KpvirTOi and ypa<pu}.] The
act or art of writing in secret characters ; also, secret
characters or cipher.
CRYP-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. KpvTrros and Uyos.] Secret oi
enigmatical language.
CRYS'TAL, 71. [L. crystallus.] 1. In chemistry and min-
eralogy, an inorganic body, which, by the operation of
afiinity, has assumed the form of a regular solid, termi
nated by a certain number of plane and smooth surfaces.
2. A factitious body, cast in glass-houses, called crystal
glass ; a species of glass, more perfect in its composition
and manufacture than common glass. 3. A substance of
any kind having the form of a crystal. 4. The glass of a
watch-case. — Ruck crystal, or mountain crystal, a general
name for all the transparent crystals of quartz, particularly
of limpid or colorless quartz.
CRYS'TAL, a. Consisting of crystal, or like crystal; clear ;
transparent ; lucid ; pellucid.
CRYS'TAL-FORM, a. Having the form of crystal.
CRYS'TA-LINE, a. [L. crystaUinus .] 1. Consisting of
crystal. 2. Resembhng crystal ; pure ; clear ; transpa-
rent ; pellucid. — Crystaline humor, or crystaline lens, a
lentiform pellucid body, composed of a very white, trans-
parent, firm substance, inclosed in a membranous capsule,
and situated in a depression in the anterior pait of the
vitreous humor of the eye.
CRYS'TAL-iTE, n. A name given to whinstone, cooled
slowly after fusion. Hall.
CRYS'TAL-I-ZA-BLE, a. That may be crystalized ; that
may form or be formed into crystals.
CRYS-TAL-I-Za'TION, 71. 1. The act or process by which
the parts of a solid body, separated by the intervention of
a fluid or by fusion, again coalesce or unite, and form a
solid body. 2. The mass or body formed by the process
of crystalizing.
CRYS'TAL-iZE, v. t. To cause to form crystals.
CRYS'TAL-lZE, v.i. To be converted into a crj'^stal; to
unite, as the separate particles of a substance, and form a
determinate and regular solid.
CRYSTAL-lZED, pp. Formed into crystals.
CRYS'TAL-l-ZING,j)pr. Causing to crystalize ; forming or
uniting in crvstals.
CRYS-TAL-OG'RA-PHER, 7?. One who describes crystals,
or the manner of their formation.
CRYS-TAL-0-GRAPH'IC, I a. Pertaining to crystalog-
CRYS-TAL-O-GRAPH'I-CAL, \ raphy.
CRYS-TAL-0-GRAPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of
crystalography.
CRYS-TAL-OG RA-PHY, 71. [crystal, and ypa^n-] 1- The
doctrine or science of crystalization. 2. A discourse oi
treatise on crystalization.
CUB, 71. 1. The young of certain quadrupeds, as of the
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE j— BTILL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z } CH as SH ; TH as in this, i Obsolett
CUD
212
CUL
bear and the fbx ; a puppy ; a whelp. Waller uses the
word for the young of the whale. 2. A young boy or girl,
in contempt. Shak.
t eUB, n. A stall for cattle.
eUB, V. i. To bring forth a cub, or cubs. In contempt, to
bring forth young, as a woman.
+ €UB, V. t. To shut up or confine. Burton.
eU-BA'TION, n. [L. cw&atio.] The act of lying down 3 a
reclining. Diet.
€u'BA-TO-RY, a. Lying down ; reclining ; incumbent.
eO'BA-TURE, n. The finding exactly the solid or cubic
contents of a body. Harris.
CUBE, n. [Gr. kv^os ; L. cubus.] 1. In geometry, a regular
solid body, with six equal sides, and containing equal
angles.— 2. In arithmetic, the product of a number multi-
plied into itself, and that product multiplied into the same
mxmbex. — Cube^oot is the number or quantity, which,
multiplied into itself, and then into the product, produces
the cube.
€UBE -ORE, n. Hexahedral olivenite, or arseniate of iron,
a mineral of a greenish color. Ure.
€U BEB, n. [Sp. cubeba.] The small spicy berry of the
piper cubeba.
CO'Bie, I a. [L. cubicus.] Having the form or proper-
€U'Bie-AL, \ ties of a cube ; that may be or is contain-
ed within a cube.-~Cubic number is a number produced
by multiplying a number into itself, and that product by
the same number.
€u'Bie-AL-LY, adv. In a cubical method.
eu'BI€^AL-NESS, n. The state or quality of being cubical.
€U-BI€'U-LAR, a. [L. cubiculum.] Belonging to a cham-
ber.
€U-BI€'U-LA-RY, a. [L. cubiculum.] Fitted for the pos-
ture of lying down. [Little used,]
eO'BI-FORM, a. Having the form of a cube. Coxe.
€U'BIT, 71. [L. cubitus.] 1. In anatomy, the fore arm ; tlie
ulna, a bone of the arm from the elbow to the wrist.— 2.
In mensuration, the length of a man's arm from the elbow
to the extremity of the middle finger. The cubit, among
the ancients, was of a different length among different na-
tions. Dr. Arbuthnot states tlie Roman cubit at 17 inches
and 4 tenths ; the cubit of the ^cripturt
little
than 22 inches ; and the English cubit at 18 inches.
€U'BIT-AL, a. 1. Of the length or measure of a cubit.
Broion. 2. Pertaining to the cubit or ulna.
€U'BIT-ED, a. Having the measure of a cubit.
eu'BO-DO-DE-€A-HE'DRAL, a. Presenting the two
forms, a cube and a dodecahedron. Cleaveland.
eu'BOID, a. Having the form of a cube, or differing little
from it.
eU-BOID'AL, a. [Gr. kv^os and eiSos.] Cubiform ; in the
shape of a cube._
€U'BO-0€-TA-He'DRAL, a. Presenting a combination of
the two forms, a cube and an octahedron.
eU€K'ING-STOOI>, n. An engine for punishing scolds and
refractory women ; also brewers and bakers ; called also
a tumbrel and a trebuchet.
€Lr€K'OLD, n. [Chaucer, cokewold ; Fr. cocu.] A man
whose wife is false to his bed ; the husband ot an adul-
teress.
eUCK'OLD, V. t. 1. To make a man a cuckold by crimi-
nal conversation with his wife. 2. To make a husband a
cuckold by criminal conversation with another man.
eU€K'0LD-D6M, n. The act of adultery ; tlie state of a
cuckold. Dryden.
eU€K'OLD-LY, a. Having the qualities of a cuckold ;
mean ; sneaking. Shak.
€U€K'OLD-Ma'KER, n. One who has criminal conversa-
tion with another man's wife ; one who makes a cuckold.
Dryden.
eyCK'OO, n. [L. cuculus ; Fr. cou/:ou.] A bhd of the genus
"cuculus, whose name is supposed to be called from its
note.
CTJCK'OO-FLOW'ER, or €U€K'00-BUD, n. A plant, a
species of cardaraine.
€U€K'00-PINT, n. A plant of the genus arum.
€U€K'00-SPIT, \ n. A dew or exudation found on
ei.J€K'00-SPIT'TLE, \ plants, especially about Jie joints
of lavender and rosemary,
t eU€'Q,UEAN, n. [Fr. coquine.] A vile, lewd woman.
€U'CUL-LATE, ) a. [L. cucullatus.] 1. Hooded ; cowl-
eC'€UL-LA-TED, \ ed ; covered as with a hood. 2.
Having the shape or resemblance of a hood ; or wide at
tlie top, and dmwn to a point below, in shape of a conical
roll of paper.
*€u'CUM-BER, 71. [Fr. coucombre, or concombre ; from h.
cucumcr, or cucamis.] The name of a plant and its fruit .
of the genus cucumis.
eU'€UR-BIT, 71. [L. cucurbita.] A chemical vessel in the
shape of a gourd ; but some of them are shallow, with a
wide mouth.
€TI-eUR-BI-TACEOUS, a. Resembling a gourd.
eUD, n. 1. The food which ruminating animals chew at
leisure, when not grazing or eating ; cr that portion of it
which is brought from the iirst stomach and chewed at
once. 2. A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and
chewed. 3. The inside of the mouth or throat of a beast
that chews the cud.
f eUD'DEN, or j CUD'DY, n. A clown ; a low rustic ; a
dolt. Dryden.
eUD'DLE, V. i. [Arm. cuddyo.] To retire from sight; to lie
close or snug ; to squat. Prior.
eUD'DY, 71. 1. In ships, an apartment; a cabin under the
poop, or a cook-room. 2. The cole-fish.
€UD'6EL, n. [W. cogel.] A short, thick stick of wood,
such as may be used by the hand in beating. — To cross
the cudgels, to forbear the contest ; a phrase borrowed
from the practice of cudgel-players, who lay one cudgel
over another.
€CJD'6EL, V. t. 1. To beat with a cudgel or thick stick.
Swift. 2. To beat in general. Shak.
€UD'6EL-ER, n. One who beats with a cudgel.
€UD'GEL-PROOF, a. Able to resist a cudgel 3 not to be
hurt by beating. Iludibras.
CUD'LE, 71. A small sea-fish. Carew.
CUD'WEED, n. A plant of the genuse-napftaZtMTa.
CUE, n. [Fr. queue ; L. cauda.] 1. The tail ; the end ol a
thing, as the long curl of a wig, or a long roll of hair. 2.
The last words of a speech, which a nlayer, who is to an-
swer, catches, and regards as an intimation to begin. A
hint given to an actor on the stage, what or when to
speak. 3. A hint ; an intimation ; a short direction. 4.
The pait which any man is to play in his turn. 5. Humor ;
turn or temper of mind ; \yulgar.] 6. A farthing or far-
thing's worth. 7. The straight rod used in playing bill-
iards.
CUER'PO, (kwer'po) n. [Sp. cuerpo.] To be tn cuerpo, ox to
walk in cuerpo, are Spanish phrases for being without a
cloke or upper garment, or without the formalities of a
full dress.
CUFF, n. 1. A blow with the fipt ; a stroke ; a box. 2. It
is used of fowls that fight with theu: talons. — To be at
fisty-cuffs, to fight with blows of the fist,
CUFF, V. t. To strike with the fist, as a man ; or with tal-
ons or wings, as a fowl. Drvden.
CUFF, V. i. To fight ; to scuffle. Dryden.
CUFF, n. The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a
sleeve turned back from the hand-
€UI-Bo'NO. [A Latin expression often %ised.J For what
purpose ; to what end,
CUIN'AGE, n. The making up of tin into pigs, &c., for
carriage. Bailey.
*CUI-RASS', (kwe-ras')n. [Fi. cuirasse.} A breast-plate )
a piece of defensive armor.
CUIR-AS-SIeR', (kwer-as-seer') n. A soldier Mmed with a
cuirass, or breast-plate. Milton.
* CUISH, (kwis) n. [Fr. cuisse.] Defensive armor for iiie
thighs. Dryden.
CUL'DEE, n. [L. cultores Dei.] A monkish priest, remark-
able for religious duties. The Culdees formerly inhabited
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales.
C\j'LER-A6E, n. [Fr. cul.] Another name of the arse-
smart.
CU'LI-CI-FORM, a. [L. culex.] Of the form or shape of a
flea ; resembling a flea.
Cu'LI-NA-RY, a. [L. culinarius.] Relating to the kitchen,
or to the art of cookery ; used in kitchens, JSTewton.
CULL, n. A fool ; one "who is easily imposed upon. See
Cully,
CULL, V. t. [qu. Fr. cueillir.] To pick out; to separate one
or more things from others ; to select from many. Pope.
CULLED, pp. Picked out ; selected from many.
CUL'LEN-DER, n. A strainer. See Colander,
eULL'ER, n . One who picks or chooses from many ; an
inspector who selects merchantable hoops and staves foi
market.
CULL-I-BIL'I-TY, 77. Credulity; easiness of belief. Swift
GUliLi'lNG, ppr. Selecting; choosing fi-om many.
CULL'ING, n. Any thing separated or selected from E
mass ; refuse. Drayton.
CULL'ION, (kul'yun) n. [It. coglione.] 1. A mean wretch
If from cully, one easily deceived ; a dupe. Dryden. 2
[L. colcus.] A round or bulbous root ; orchis.
tCULL'ION-LY, fi. Mean; base. Shak.
CUL'LIS, n. [Fr. coulis.] 1. Broth of boiled meat strained
2. A kixid of ielly.
CUL'LUM-BINE. See Columbine.
CULLY, n. A person who is meanly deceived, tricked or
imposed on, as by a sharper, jilt or strumpet; a mean dupe
CULL'Y, V. t. [D. kullen.] To deceive ; to trick, cheat or
impose on ; to jilt.
CULL'Y-ISM, 7?.. The state of a cully. [Cully and its de-
rivatives are not elegant words.]
CULM, n. [L. culmus.] 1. In botany, the stalk or stem of
corn and grasses, usually jointed and hollow, and sup-
porting the leaves and fructification. 2, The straw or
dry stalks of corn and grasses. 3. A species of fossil coal .
CUL'MEN,7i. [L.] Summit. Sir T. Herbert.
S^ Synopsis. A, E, !, o, C, ■?, Zo«o-.-FA]l, FALL, WH^iT ;— PRgY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD;— ^ Cbsolete.
CUM
213
CUP
€UL-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. culmus and fero.] Prnducing
stalks. Culmiferous plants have a smooth jointed stalk,
and their seeds contained in chaffy husKs, as wheat, rye,
oats and barley.
€UL'MI-NATE, v. i. [L. culmen.] To be vertical ; to come
or be in the meridian 3 to be in the highest point of alti-
tude, as a planet.
eUL-MI-NA'TION, n. 1. The transit of a planet over the
meridian, or liighest point of altitude for the day. 2. Top 3
crown.
€UL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. Blamableness ; culpableness.
eUL'PA-BLE, a. [Low L. culpabilis.] 1. Blamable ; de-
serving censure ; as the person who has done wrong, or
the act, conduct or negligence of the person. 2. SiJiful ;
criminal ; immoral ; faulty. 3. Guilty of; [not used.''
eUL'PA-BLE-NESS, 71. Blamableness 3 guilt 3 the quality
of (ieserving blame.
eUL'PA-BLY, adv. Blamably 3 in a faulty manner 5 in a
manner to merit censure.
eUL'PRIT, 71. 1. A person arraigned in court for a crime.
2. Any person convicted of a crime 3 a criminal.
€UL'TER, 71. [L.] A colter, which sec.
eUL'TI-VA-BLE, fl. Capable of being tilled or cultivated.
Edwards, W. Ind.
€UL'TI-VATE, w. «. [Yi.cultiver.'] 1. To till 3 to prepare
for crops 5 to manure, plough, dress, sow and reap ; to la-
bor on, manage and imijrove in husbandry. 2. To im-
prove by labor or study 3 to advance the growth of ; to
refine and improve by correction of faults and esilarge-
ment of powers or good qualities. 3. To study 5 to labor
to improve or advance. 4. To cherish 3 to foster ; to labor
to promote and increase. 5. To improve j to meliorate,
or to labor to make better 3 to correct 3 to civilize. 6. To
raise or produce by tillage.
€UL'TI-VA-TED, pp. Tilled 3 improved in excellence or
condition 3 corrected and enlarged ; cherished 3 melior-
ated 3 civilized 3 produced by tillage.
€UL'TI-VA-TING, ppr. Tilling; preparing for crops ; im-
proving in worth of good qualities 5 meliorating 3 enlar-
ging 3 correcting 3 fostering 3 civilizing 3 producing by
tillage.
CUL-TI-Va'TION, n. 1. The art or practice of tilling and
preparing for crops 5 husbandry 3 the management of land.
2. Study, care and practice directed to improvement, cor-
rection, enlargement or increase 3 the application of the
means of improvement. 3. The producing bv tillasfe.
eUL'TI-VA-TOR, n. 1. One who tills or prepares land for
crops 3 one who manages a farm, or carries on tlie opera-
tions of husbandry in genera! 5 a farmer 5 a husbandman 3
an agriculturist. 2. One who studies or labors to im-
prove, to promote and advance in good qualities, or in
growth.
€UL'TRA-TED, a. [L. cuUratus.} Sliarp-edged and point-
ed 3 formed like a knife.
eULT'URE, 71. [L. c?iZa«-a.] 1. The act of tilling and pre-
paring the earth for crops 5 cultivation 3 tlie application of
labor or other means of improvement. 2. The applica
tion of labor or other means to improve good qualities in,
or growth. 3. The application of labor or other means in
producing. 4. Any labor or means employed for improve-
ment, correction or growth.
eULT'URE, V. t. To cultivate. Thomson.
€UL'VER, 71. [Sax. culfer, culfra.] A pigeon or wood-
pigeon. Thomson.
eUL'VER-HOUSE, n. A dove-cote. Harmar.
€UL'VER-IN, 71. [Pr. couleuvrine.] A long, slender piece
of ordnance or artillery, sei-ving to carry a ball to a great
distance.
€UL'VER-KeY, n. A plant or flower. Walton.
CrjL'VERT, 71, A passage under a road or canal, covered
with a bridge 5 an arched drain for the passage of water.
CUL'VER-TAIL, n. Dove-tail, in joinery and carventry.
€UL'VER-TAILED, a. United or fastened, as pieces of
timber, by a dove-tailed joint.
€UM'BENT, a. [L. cumbo.] Lying down.
eUM'BER, V. t. [Dan. hummer.] 1. To load or crowd. 2.
To check, stop or retard, as by a load or weight 3 to make
motion difficult 3 to obstruct. 3. To penplex or embar-
rass 5 to distract or trouble. 4. To trouble 3 to be trouble-
some to 3 to cause trouble or obstruction in, as any thing
useless. Thus, brambles cumber a garden or field.
€IJM'BER, 71. Hinderance 5 obstruction 3 burdensomeness 3
embarrassment 3 disturbance 5 distress. [ This word is now
scarcely used.]
€UM'BER-S6ME, a. 1. Troublesome ; burdensome 5 em-
barrassing 5 vexatious. 2. Unwieldy 3 umnanageable 3
not easily borne or managed.
€UM'BER-S6ME-LY, adv. In a manner to encumber.
eUM'BER-SoME-NESS, 71. Burdensomeness 3 the quality
of being cumbersome and troublesome.
eUM'BRANCE, 71. That which obstructs, retards, or renders
motion or action difficult and toilsome 5 burden 3 encum-
brance 3 hinderance ; oppressive load 3 embarrassment.
eUM'BROUS 3. 1. Burdensome ; troublesome 5 rendering
action difficult or toilsome 5 oppressive. 2. Giving troa-
ble 3 vexatious. 3. Confused 3 jumbled 3 obstructing each
other.
€UM'BROUS-LY, adv. In a cumbrous manner.
CUM'FREY, n. A genus of plants, the Symphytum', some-
tunes written cornfrey, comfry, and comphry.
CUM'IN, V. [L. cumivum.'] An annual plant of one species,
whose seeds have a bitterish, warm taste, with an aro-
matic flavor.
€U'MU-LATE, V. t. [L. cumulo.] To gather or throw into
a heap ; to form a heap 3 to heap together. Wood^card.
€U-MU-La'TION, 71. The act of heaping together 5 a heap
See Accumulation.
€u'MU-LA-TlVE, a. 1. Composed of parts in a heap 3
forming a mass. 2. Tiiat augments by addition 3 that is
added to something else. — In laic, that augments, as evi-
dence, facts or arguments of the same kind.
€UN, v.t. 1. To know 3 [not used. See Con.] 2. To
direct the course of a ship. See Cond, the true orthogra-
phy.
€Ur\"€-TA'TION, 71. [L. cunctor.] Delay. [JVot much
used.]
CUJVC-Ta'TOR, n. One who delays or lingers. [Littleused.]
Hammond.
CUND, V. t. To give notice. See Cond.
€u'NE-AL, a. [L. cuncus.] Having the form of a wedge.
eC'Nii-TED, I "■ Wedge-shaped.
* €u'NEI-FORM, ) a. Having the shape or form of a
€U'NI-F0RM, \ wedge.
CUN'NER, 7i. [lepas.] A kind of fish, less than an oyster.
CUJN'NING, a. [Sax. cunnan,connan.] 1. Knowing 3 skil-
ful 3 experienced 3 well-instructed. 2. Wrought with
skill 3 curious; ingenious. [The foregoing senses are obso-
lete.] 3. Artful 3 shrewd ; sly 3 crafty 3 astute 3 design
ing. 4. Deceitful 3 trickish 3 employing stratagems for a
bad purpose. 5. Assumed with subtilty ; artful.
CUN'NING, n. I. Knowledge ; art 3 skill 3 dexterity 3 [obs.]
2. Alt 3 artifice 3 artfulness 3 craft 3 shrewdness 5 the fac-
ulty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose.
Hence, in a bad sense, deceitfulness or deceit 3 fraudulent
skill or dexterity.
€UN'NING-LY, adv. Artfully 3 craftily 3 with subtilty 3
v/ith fraudulent contrivance.
€UN'NING-MAN, 7;. A man who pretends to tell fortunes,
or teach how to recover stolen or lost goods.
eUN'NING-NESS, n. Cunning 3 craft 3 deceitfulness.
CUP, n. [Sax. cop, or cupp.] 1. A small vessel of capacity,
used commonly to drink out of. 2. The contents of a
cup 3 the liquor contained in a cup, or that it may contain.
3. In a Scriptural sense, sufferings and afflictions 3 that
which is to be received or endured. 4. Good received 3
blessings and favors. 5. Any thing hollow, like a cup 5
as, the cup of an acorn. The bell of a flower 3 and a
calyx is called a flower-cup. 6. A glass cup or vessel
used for drawing blood in scarification. — Cup and can, fa-
miliar companions. Swift. — Cups, in the plural, social en-
tertainment in drinking 3 merry bout.
CUP, V. t. 1. In surgery, to apply a cupping glass to pro-
cure a discharge of blood from a scarified part of the body.
2. To supply with cups 3 [obs.] Shak.
€UP'BEaR-ER, 71. An attendant of a prmce or at a feast,
who conveys wine or other liquors to the guests 3 an offi-
cer of the king's household.
*e[JP'BoARD, n. Originally, aboard or shelf for cups to
stand on. — In modern houses, a small case or inclosure in
a room, with shelves, destined to receive cups, plates,
dishes and the like. Dryden.
* t CUP'BoARD, V. t. To collect into a cupboard 5 to hoard
SkaJf.
CUP'GALL, n. A kind of gall found on oak-leaves.
CUP'-RO.'SE, n. The poppy.
Cu'PEL, n. [L. cupella.] A small cup or vessel used in re-
fining metals.
CU-PEL-La'TION, 71. The refinmg of gold or silver by a
cupel or by scorification.
eU-PID'I-TY, n. [L. cupiditas.] An eager desire to possess
something 3 an ardent wishing or longing 3 an inordinate
or unlawful desiie of wealth or power.
CtJ'PO-LA, 71. [It. cupola ; Sp. cupula.] In architecture, a
spherical vault on the top of an edifice 3 a dome , or the
round top of a dome.
fCu'PO-LAID, a. Having a cupola. Herbert.
CUP'PEL. See Coppel.
CUP'PER, 71. One who applies a cupping-glass ; a scarifier
eUP'PING, ppr. Applying a cupping-glass, with scarifica-
tion 5 a drawing blood with a cupping-glass.
CUP'PING-GLASS, n. A glass vessel like a cup, to be ap-
plied to the skin, before and after scarification, for drawing
blood.
€u'PRE-OUS, a. [L. cupreus.] Coppery; consisting of
copper ; resembling copper, or partaking of its qualities.
€U-PRIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cuprum.} Producing or affording
copper.
* See Sxjnopsis MOVE, BQOK, D6VE 5— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J 3 .? as Z 5 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, t Obsolete
CUR
214 CUR
tJUR, 91. [qu. Lapponic, coira,] A degenerate dog ; aud, m
reproach, a worthless man. Addison. Dryden.
€U'RA-BLE, a That may be healed or cured ; admitting a
remedy. Dryden.
€u RA-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being cured, healed or
remedied.
eC'RA-CY, or €u'RATE-SHIP, n. 1. The office or employ-
ment of a curate. 2. A benefice held by license from the
bishop.
€U'RATE, n. [L. curator, or cvratus.] 1. A clergyman in
the church of England, who is employed to perform divine
service in the place of the incumbent, parson or vicar.
2. One employed to perform the duties of another. Dry-
den.
€D'RA-TiVE, a. Relating to the cure of diseases ; tending
to cui'e. Arbatlinot.
eU-RA'TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who has the care and super-
intendence of any thing. 2. A guardian appointed by
law.— 3. Among the Romans, a trustee of the affairs and
interests of a person emancipated or interdicted. — 4. In
the United Provinces, or Holland, the curator of a univer-
sity superintends the affairs of the institution, the admin-
istration of the revenues, the conduct of the professors,
&c.
€URB, n. [Fr. courier.'] 1. In the manege, a chain of iron
made fast to the upper part of the branches of the bridle,
in a hole called the eye, and running over the beard of the
horse. 2. Restraint ; check ; hinderance. 3. A frame or
a wall round the mouth of a well. 4. [Fr. courbe.] A
hard and callous swelling on the hind part of the hock of
a horse's leg. A tumor on the inside of a horse's hoof.
Johnson. A swelling beneath the elbow of a horse's hoof.
Bailey.
€URB, V. t. 1. To restrain ; to guide and manage, fis a
horse. 2. To restrain ; to check ; to hold back 5 to con-
fine ; to keep in subjection. 3. To furnish or surround
with a curb, as a well. 4. To bend ; [not used.]
€URBED, pp. Restrained ; checked ; kept in subjection 3
furnished with a curb.
€URB'ING, ppr. Holding back ; checking ; restraining.
eURB'ING, n. A check.
eURB'-STONE, n. A stone placed at the edge of a pave-
ment, to hold the work together. It is written, some-
times, kerb or kirb.
CURD, 71 [Ir. cruth ; Scot, cruds. Sometimes in English,
crnd.] The coagulated or tJiickened part of milk, which
is formed into cheese.
€URD, V. t. To cause to coagulate ; to turn to curd. Shak.
€URDLE, V. i. [sometimes written crudlc.] 1. To coagu-
late or concrete ; to thicken, or change into curd. 2. To
thicken ; to congeal.
€UR'DLE, V. t. 1 To change into curd ; to cause to thick-
en, coasrulate, or concrete. 2. To congeal or thicken.
€UR'DLED, pp. Coagulated ; congealed.
CUR'DLING, ppr. Concreting ; coagulating.
CURD'Y, a. Lik? curd ; full of curd ; coagulated.
CURE, n. [L. cura ; Fr. cure.] 1. A healing ; the act of
healing ; restoration to health from disease, and to sound-
ness from a wound. 2. Remedy for disease ; restorative ;
that which heals. 3. The employment of a curate ; the
care of souls ; spiritual charge.
CURE, V. t. [L. euro.] 1. To heal, as a person diseased, or
a wounded limb ; to restore to liealth, as the body, or to
soundness, as a limb. 2. To subdue, remove, destroy or
put an end to ; to heal, as a disease. 3. To remedy ; to
remove an evil, and restore to a good state. 4. To dry ;
to prepare for preservation.
Cured, pp. Healed ; restored to health or soundness ; re-
moved, as a disease ; remedied ; dried, smoked, or other-
wise prepared for preservation.
CuRE'LESS, a. That cannot be cured or healed ; incura-
ble ; not admitting of a remedy.
Cull'ER, n. A healer ; a physician ; one who heals.
CUll'FEW, n. [Fr. couvrc~feu.] 1. The ringing of a bell or
bells at night, as a signal to the inhabitants to rake up
their fires and retire to rest. This practice originated in
England from an order of William the Conqueror, who di-
rected that at the ringing of the bell, at eight o'clock, ev-
ery one should put out his light and go to bed. 2. A cover
for a fire ; a fire-plate ; [not lised ] Bacon.
j-CU-RI-AL'I-TY, 7t. [h. curiall?,] The privileges, prerog-
atives or retinue of a court. Bacon.
CuR'ING, ppr. Healing ; restoring to health or soundness ;
removing, as an evil ; preparing for preservation.
CuR'lNG-IIOUSE, n. A building in which sugar is drained
and dried. Edwards, TV. Ind.
CU-RI-O-LOGIC, a. [Gr. xuptoXoj/ta.] Designating a rude
kind of hieroglyphics, in which a thmg is represented by
its picture.
€U-RI-OS'I-TY, 72. [L. curiositas.] 1. A strong desire to
see something novel, or to discover something unknown,
either by research or inquiry ; a desire to gratify the senses
with a sight of what is new or unusual, or to gratify the
mind with new discoveries ; inquisitiveness. 2. Nicety ;
delicacy. 3. Accuracy ; exactness j nice performance ,
curiousness. 4. A nice experiment ; a thing unusual, or
worthy of curiosity. 5. An object of curiosity j that
which excites a desire of seeing, as novel and extraordi-
nary.
CU-RI-O'SO, 71. [It.] A curious person ; a virtuoso.
CU'RI-OUS, a. [L. curiosus.] 1. Strongly deskous to see
what is novel, or to discover what is unknown ; solicit-
ous to see or to know ; inquisitive. 2. Habitually inquis-
itive ; addicted to research or inquiry. 3. Accurate ;
careful not to mistake ; solicitous to be correct. 4. Care-
ful ; nice • solicitous in selection ; difficult to please. 5.
Nice ; exact 3 subtile ; made with care. 6. Artful ; nicely
.diligent. 7. Wrought with care and art ; elegant ; neat ;
finished. 8. Requiring care and nicety. 9. Rigid ; se-
vere ; particular ; [little used.] 10. Rare ; singular.
Cu'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With nice inspection ; inquisi^ve-
ly ; attentively. 2. With nice care and art ; exactly ;
neatly ; elegantly. 3. In a singular manner ; unusually.
CtJ'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Fitness to excite curiosity ; exact-
ness of workmanship. 2. Singularity of contrivance. 3
Curiosity.
CURL, V. t. [D. krullen.] 1. To turn, bend or form into
ringlets ; to crisp, as the hair. 2. To writhe ; to twist ;
to coil, as a serpent. 3. To dress with curls. 4. To raise
in waves or undulations ; to ripple.
CURL, V. i. 1. To bend in contraction ; to shrink into ring-
lets. 2. To rise in waves or undulations ; to ripple ; and,
particularly, to roll over at the summit. 3. To rise in a
winding current, and to roll over at the ends. 4. To
writhe ; to twist itself. 5. To shrink ; to shrink back ;
to bend aud sink.
CURL, n. 1. A ringlet of hair, or any thing of a like form.
2. Undulation ; a waving ; sinuosity ; flexure. 3. A
winding in the grain of wood.
CURL-HEAD'ED, or CURLED-PATE, a. Having the hair
curled. Shak.
CURLED, pp. Turned or fonned into ringlets ; crisped ;
twisted ; undulated.
CUR'LEW, 71, [Fr. courlis, or corlieu.] 1. Ae aquatic fowl
of tlie genus scolopax and the grallic order. 2. A fowl,
larger than a partridge, with longer legs, which frequents
the corn-fields in Spain.
CURL'I-NESS, 71. A state of being curly.
CURL'ING, ppr. Bending ; twisting ; forming into ringlets.
CURLTNG-LY, adv. In a waving fashion or manner.
CURL'ING-l-RONS, \n. An instrument for curling the
CURL'ING-TONGS, ) hair.
CURL'Y, a. Having curls ; tendhig to curl ; full of ripples.
CUR-MUD'GEON, n. An avaricious, churlish fellow ; a
miser ; a niggard ; a churl. Hudibras.
CUR-MUD'GEON-LY, a. Avaricious ; covetous ; niggard-
ly ; churlish. UEstrange.
CUR'RANT, 71. [from Corinth.] 1. The fruit of a well-
known shrub belonging to the genus ribes. 2. A small
kind of dried grape, imported from the Levant, chiefly
from Zante and Cephalonia ; used in cookery.
CUR'REN-CY, n. 1. Literally, a flowing, running or pass-
ing ; a continued or unintenupted course, like that of a
stream. 2. A continued course in public opinion, belief
or reception ; a passing from person to person, or from
age to age. 3. A continual passing from hand to hand, as
coin or bills of credit ; circulation. 4. Fluency ; readiness
of utterance. 5. General estimation ; the rate at which
any thing is generally valued. 6. That which is current,
or in circulation, as a medium of trade.
CUR'RENT, a. [L. currens.] 1. Literally, flowing, run-
ning, passing. Hence, passing from person to person, or
from hand to hand 3 circulating 3 as, current opinions ;
current coin. Hence, common, general or fashionable ;
generally received 3 popular. Swift. 2. Established by
common estimation 3 generally received. 3. Passable ,
that may be allowed or admitted. 4. Now passing 3 pres-
ent in its course.
CUR'RENT, 7!. ]. A flowing or passing ; a stream 3 applied
to fluids. 2. Course 3 progressive motion, or movement 5
continuation. 3. A connected series 5 successive course.
4. General or main course.
CUR'RENT-LY, adv. In constant motion 3 with continued
progression. Hence, commonly 3 generally 3 popularly 3
with general reception.
CUR'RENT-NT:SS, n. 1. Currency ; circulation 3 general
reception. 2. Fluency 3 easiness of pronunciation.
CUR'RI-CLE, 71. [L. curriculum.] 1. A chaise or carriage,
witii two wheels, drawn by two horses abreast. 2. A
chariot 3 [obs.] 3. A course 3 [obs.]
CURirieD, pp.. Dressed by currying 3 dressed as leather ;
cleaned ; prepared.
CUR'RI-ER, V. [L. coriarius.] A man who dresses and
colors leather, after it is tanned.
CURiRISH, a. Like a cur 3 having the qualities of a cur ,
brutal 3 malignant 5 snappish 5 snarling 3 churlish 5 in-
tractable 3 quarrelsome.
CUR'RISH-LY, adv. Like a cur 3 in a brutal manner.
* See Synopsis 1, E, T, O, tj, f, long.—Fl^R, FALL, WHAT 5— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
CUR
215
CUS
eUR'RISH-NESS, n. Moroseness ; cliurlishness.
eUR'RY, V. t. [Fr. cor7-oyer.] 1. To dress leather, after it
is tanned ; to soak, pare or scrape, cleanse, beat and color
tanned hides, and prepare them for use. 2. To rub and
clean with a comb. o. To scratch or claw ; to tear, in
quarrels, 4. To rub or stroke ; to make smooth ; to tickle
by flattery ; to humor. But generally used in the phrase.
To curry favor, to seek or gain favor by flattery, caresses,
kindness, or officious civilities ; [not elegant,] Hooker.
eUIl'RY-€oMB, n. An iron instrunient or comb, for rub-
bing and cleaning horses.
€UR'11Y-ING, ppr. Scraping and dressing ; cleaning ;
scratching.
€URSE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. cursed, or curst. [Sax. cursian,
corsian.] 1. To utter a wish of evil against one ; to im-
precate evil upon ; to call for mischief or injury to fall up-
on ; to execrate. 2. To injure ; to subject to evil ; to vex,
harass or torment with great calamities. 3. To devote to
evil.
€tJRSE, V. i. To utter imprecations ; to affirm or deny with
imprecations of divine vengeance.
€URSE, n. 1. Malediction ; tlie expression of a wish of evil
to another. 2. Imprecation of evil. 3. Affliction ; tor-
ment ; great vexation. 4. Condemnation ; sentence of
divine vengeance on sinners. 5. Denunciation of evil.
€URSED, pjh. 1. Execrated ; afflicted ; vexed ; tormented ]
blasted by a curse. 2. Devoted to destruction.
eURS'ED, a. 1. Deserving a curse ; execrable ; hateful ; de-
testable ; abominable. 2. a. Vexatious. Dryden.
eURS'ED-LY, adv. In a cursed manner ; enormously ;
miserably ; in a manner to be cursed or detested. [A low
■word.]
€URS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being under a curse, or of
being doomed to execration or to evil.
€URS'ER, n. One who curses, or utters a curse.
eUR'SHIP, n. Dogship ; meanness ; ill-nature.
eURS'ING, p-pr. Execrating ; imprecating evil en , de-
nouncing evil ; dooming to evil, misery, or vexation.
CURSING, 71. Execration ; the uttering of a curse 5 a doom-
ing to vexation or misery.
eUR'SI-TOR, 71, [L. cur so, cursito.] In Euffland, a clerk
in the comt of chancery, whose business is" to make out
original writs.
eUR'SIVE, a. [It. corsivo.] Running ; flowing. Cursive
hand is a running hand,
rCUR'SO-RA-RY, a. Cursory; hasty. Shak.
eUR'SO-RI-LY, adv. In a running or hasty manner ; slight-
ly , hastily ; without attention.
€UR'SO-RI-NESS, n. Slight view or attention.
eUR'SO-RY, a. [L. cursorius.'] 1. Running ; hasty ; slight ;
superficial ; careless ; not with close attention. 2. Run-
ning about ; not stationary.
eURST, pp. of curse.
CURST, a. Hateful ; detestable ; froward ; tormenting ;
vexatious ; peevish ; malignant ; mischievous ; mali-
cious : snarling.
CURST'NESS, n. Peevishness ; malignity ; frowardness ;
crabbedness 3 surliness.
CURT, a, [L, curtusJ] Short. Brotcn. [Rarely tised.]
CUR-TaIL', v. t. [Fr. court and tailler.] To shorten ; to
cut off the end or a part. Hence, in a more general sense,
to shorten in any manner ; to abridge ; to diminish.
eUR'T AIL-DOG, n. A dog whose tail is cut off, according
to the forest laws, and therefore hindered from corn-sing.
Shak.
€UR-TaIL'ED, (kur-tald') pp. Cut short or shorter ; abridg-
ed.
CUR-TaIL'ER, n. One who cuts off any thing.
CUR-TaIL'ING, ppr. Cutting short or shorter"; abridging.
CUR-TaIL'ING, n. Abridgment ; abbreviation.
CUR'TAIN, (kur'tin) 7;. [It. cortina,] 1. A cloth hanging
round a bed, or at a window, which may be contracted,
spread or drawn aside at pleasure ; intended for ornament,
or for use. Also, the hangings about the ark, among the
Israelites. 2. A cloth-hanging used in theatres, to con-
ceal the stage from the spectators. This is raised or let
down by cords. Hence the phrases, to drop the curtain,
to cVfie the scene, to end ; to raise the curtain or the cur-
tain will rise, to denote the opening of the play ; and to
draw the curtain, is to close it, to shut out the light or to
conceal an object ; or to open it and disclose the object.
Behind the curtain, in concealment, in secret. — 3. In for-
tification, that part of the rampart which is between the
flanks of two bastions. — 4. In Scripture, tents ; dwellings.
CUR'TAIN, V, t. To inclose with curtains 3 to furnish with
curtains. Shak,
eUR'TAIN-LEC'TURE, n. Reproof given in bed by a wife
to her husband. Addison.
CURT'AL, 71. A horse with a docked tail. B. Jonson.
eURT'AL, a. Short ; abridged ; brief, Milton.
eURT'ATE, a, [L. curtatus.] The curtate distance, in as-
tronomy, is the distance of a planet from the sun to that
point, where a perpendicular let fall from the planet meets
with the ecliptic.
€UR-Ta'TIONj n. The interval between a planet'fs dis
tance from the sun and the curtate distance.
CUR'TE-LASSE, ) ^ ^
CUR'TE-LAX. i ^^^ Cutlass.
CURT'I-LAGE, n. In law, a yard, garden, inclosure or
field near and belonging to a messuage.
tCURT'LY, adv. Briefl>.
CURT'SY. See Courtesy.
Cu'RULE, a. [L. curulis.] Belonging to a chariot. The
curule chair or seat, among the Romans, was a stool with-
out a back, covered with leather, and so made as to be
folded. It was conveyed in a chariot, and used by public
officers.
€URV'A-TED, a. Curved ; bent in a regular form.
CURV-A'TION, 71. The act of bending.
€URV'A-TURE, 11. [L. curvatura.] A bending in a regular
form ; crookedness, or the manner of bending ; flexure by
which a curve is formed.
CURVE, (kurv) a. [L. curvus.] Bending ; crooked ; in-
flected in a regular form, and forming part of a cir-
cle.
CURVE, 71. A bending in a regular form, or without an
gles ; that which is nent ; a flexure ; part of a circle. — Ir
geometry, a line wiilch may be cut by a right line in more
"points than one.
CURVE, V. t. [L. curvo.] To bend ; to crook ; to inflect.
CURVED, pj;. Bent; regularly inflected.
CURV'ET, n. [It. corvetta.] 1. In the 77ia7ie^e, a particu
lar leap of a horse, when he raises both his fore legs at
once, equally advanced, and as his fore legs are falling,
he raises his hind legs, so that all his legs are raised at
once. 2. A prank ; a frolick.
CURVET, V. i. [It. corvettare.] I. To leap ; to bound ; to
spring and form a curvet. 2. To leap and frisk,
CUR-VI-LIN'E-AR, or CUR-VI-LIN'E-AL, a. [L. curvtis
and linea.] Having a curve line ; consisting of curve
lines ; bounded by curve lines.
CUR-VI-LIN-E-AR'I-TY, n. The state of being curvilinear,
or of consisting in curve lines.
CURVING, ppr. Bending in a regular form ; crooked.
CURVI-TY, 71. [L. curvitas.] A bending in a regular
form ; crookedness. Holder
CUSH'AT, 71. The ring-dove or wood-pigeon.
eySH'ION, (fcush'in) 71. [Fr. co^l,ssin.'] 1. A pillow for a
seat ; a soft pad to be placed on a chair ; a bag, stuffed
with wool, hair or other soft material. 2. Abagofleath
er filled with sand, used by engravers to support the plate
— 3. In gilding, a stuffing of fine tow or wool, covered by
leather, "on a board ; used for receiving the leaves of gold
from the paper, in order to its being cut into proper sizes
and figures. — Lady's cushion, a plant, a species of saxifra-
ga. Lse. — Sea cushion, sea pink or thrift, a species of sta
tice. Lee,
CTJSH'ION, V. t. To seat on a cushion.
CtJSH'IONED, a. Seated on a cushion.
CUSH'ION-ET, n. A little cushion. Beaumont.
t CUSK'IN, n. A kind of ivory cup. Bailey.
CUSP, 7i. [Ij. cuspis.] The point or horn of the moon.
CUSP'A-TED, a. [L. cuspis.] Pointed ; ending in a point.
CUSP'I-DAL, a. Ending in a point. More.
tCUSP'I-DATE, V. t. To sharpen. Cockeram,
CUSP'I-DATE, I a. [L. cuspidatus,] Having a sharp end,
CUSP'I-DA-TED, \ like the point of a spear ; terminating
in a bristly point.
CUS'PIS, n, [L.l The sharp end of a thing. More.
CUS'TARD, 71. [Cymbric, ciostard.] A composition of milk
and eggs, sweetened and baked or boiled, forming an
agreeable kind of food.
CUS'TARD-AP'PLE, n. A plant, a species ofannona.
CUS-To'DI-AL, a. Relating to custody or guardianship.
CUS'TO-DY, n. [L. custodia.] 1. A keeping ; a guarding ■
care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation or se-
curity. 2. Imprisonment ; confinement ; restraint of lib
erty. 3. Defense from a foe ; preservation ; security.
CUST6M,7i. [Yr. coutiime.] ]. Frequent or common use
or practice ; a frequent repetition of the same act ; hence,
way ; established manner ; habitual practice. 2. A buy-
ing of goods ; practice of frequenting a shop and purchas-
ing or procuring to be done. — 3. In law, long established
practice, or usage, which constitutes the unwritten law
and long consent to which gives it authority.
CUS'ToM, V. t. 1. To make familiar. See Accustom,
which is the word used. 2. To give custom to.
CUS'ToM, V. i. To accustom. Spenser.
CUS'ToM, n. [Fr. coutume.] Tribute, toll or tax ; that is,
cost or charge paid to the public. Customs, in the plural,
the duties imposed by law on merchandise imported or
exported.
CUS'ToM-HOUSE, n. The house where vessels enter and
clear, and where the customs are paid or sficured to be
paid.
CUS'T6M-A-BLE, a. 1. Common ; habitual ; frequent. 2.
Subject to the payment of the duties called customs. Laic
of Mass.
* See Stjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE £ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z •, CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoUta
CUT
216
CYL
€US»TOM-A-BLE-NESS, n. Frequency; conformity to
custom. [Little used.]
€U&'ToM-A-BLY, adv. According to custom.
eUS'T6M-A-RI-LY, adv. Habitually ; commonly.
eUS'T6M-A-RI-NESS, n. Frequency ; commonness ; ha-
bitual use or practice.
eUS'T6M-A-RY, a. [Fr. covtiimier.] 1. According to cus-
tom or to established or common usage. 9. Habitual ; in
common practice. 3. Holding by custom. 4. Held by
custom.
€US'ToM-A-RY, n. [Fr. coutumicr, coustumier .] A book
containing laws and usages, or customs.
eUS'ToMED, a. 1. Usual ; common ; to which we are ac-
customed. 2. Furnished with customers.
eUS'ToM-ER, 71. 1. One who frequents any place of sale
for the sake of purchasing goods ; one who purchases j
goods or wares. 2. One who frequents or visits any place
for procuring what he wants. 3. A toll-gatherer ; [ofc-.]
CUS'TOS, 71. [L.l A keeper ; as. cu^stoa brevium.
teUS'TREL, n. [qu. Old Fr. couatilUer.] A buckler-bearer.
Also, a vessel for holding wine.
€US'TIJ-MA-RY, n. A book of laws and customs. Sel-
den. ,
€UT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. cut. [Norm, cotu,] 1. To separate
the parts of any body by an edged instrument, eitlier by
striking, as with an axe, or by sawing or rubbing ; to make
a gash, incision or notch, which separates the external
part of a body, as, to cut the iiesh. It signifies also to cut
into pieces; to sever or divide. 2. To hew. 3. To carve,
as meat ; to carve or engrave in sculpture. 4. To divide ;
to cleave, by passing througli. 5. To penetrate ; to pierce ;
to affect deeply. 6. To divide, as a pack of cards. 7. To
intersect ; to cross. 8. To castrate.
To cut across, to pass by a shorter course, so as to cut off an
angle or distance. — To cut asunder, to cut into pieces ; to
divide ; to sever. — To cut down, to fell ; to cause to fall by
severing. Hence, to depress ; to abash ; to humble ; to
shame; to silence. Addison.— To cut off. 1. To separate
one part from another. 2. To destroy ; to extirpate ; to
put to death untimely. 3. To separate ; to remove to a dis-
tance, or to prevent all intercourse. 4. To interrupt.
5. To separate ; to remove ; to take away. 6. To in-
tercept ; to hinder from return, or union. The troops
were cut off from the ships. 7. To end ; to finish. 8.
To prevent or preclude. 9. To preclude or shut out.
10. To stop, interrupt or silence. — To cut on. 1. To has-
ten ; to run or ride with the utmost speed ; [a vulgar
jihrase.] 2. To urge or drive in striking ; to quicken
blows ; to hasten.— 7*0 cut out. 1. To remove a part by
cutting or carving. 2. To shape or form by cutting. 3.
To scheme ; to contrive ; to prepare. 4. To shape ; to
adapt. 5. To debar. 6. To take the preference or pre-
cedence of. 7. To step in and take the place of, as in
courting and dancing. 8. To interfere as a horse, when
the shoe of one foot beats off the skin of the pastern joint
of another. — To cut short. 1. To huider from proceed-
ing by sudden interruption. 2. To shorten ; to abridge.
— To cut up. 1. To cut in pieces ; as, to cut, uj) beef. 2.
To eradicate ; to cut off.
CUT, v.i. 1. To pass into or through, and sever ; to enter
and divide the parts. 2. To be severed by a cutting in-
strument. 3. To divide by passing. 4. To perform a
surgical operation by cutting, especially in lithotoiny. 5.
To interfere, as a horse. — To cut in, to divide, or turn a
card, for determining who are to play.
€UT, pp. Gashed ; divided ; hewn ; carved ; intersected ;
pierced; deeply afiected ; castrated. — Cut and dry,pYe-
pared for use ; a metaphor from heion timber.
€UT, 71. 1. The action of an edged instrument ; a stroke or
blow, as with an axe or sword. 2. A cleft ; a gash ; a
notch ; a wound ; the opening made by an edged instiii-
ment, distinguished by its length from that made by
perforation with a pointed instrument. 3. A stroke or
blow with a whip. 4. A channel made by cutting or dig-
gmg ; a ditch ; a groove ; a furrow ; a ca,nal. 5. A part
cut off from the rest. Also, any small piece or shred. 6.
A lot made by cutting a stick. 7. A near passage, by
which an angle is cut off. 8. A picture cut or carved' on
wood or metal, and impressed from it. 9. The stamp on
which a picture is carved, and by which it is impressed.
10. The act of dividing a pack of cards. 11. Manner in
which a thing is cut ; form ; shape ; fashion. 12. A fool ;
a cully ; a gelding. [JVot in use.~\ — Cut and long tail, men
of all kinds • a proverbial expression borrowed from
donrs
€U-TA'NE-OUS, a. Belonging to the skin, or cutis ; exist-
ing on, or affecting the skin.
eUTH, in Saxon, signifies known, or famous. Hence,
Czithwin.a fiimous conqxisror. Oibson.
€i3'TI-€LE, n [L. cuticula.'] 1. The scarf-skin ; the thin,
exterior coat of the skin, which rises in a blister ; a thin,
pellucid membrane covering the true skin. 2. The thin,
external covering of the bark, of a plant. 3. A thin skin
formed on the surface of liquor.
€U-TI€'U-LAU, a. Pertaining to the cuticle, or external
coat of the skin.
€UT'LAS, n. [Fr. covtelas.] A broad, curving sword ; a
hanger ; used by soldiers in the cavalry, by seamen, &c.
€UT'LER, n. [Fr. coutelier.] One whose occupation is to
make knives and other cutting instruments.
€UT'LER-Y, n. The business of making knives ; or, more
generally, knives and other edged instruments in general.
€UT'LET, n. [Fr. cCttelette.} A small piece of meat for
cooking.
eUT'PURSE, n. One who cuts purses for stealing them or
their contents. One who steals from the person ; a thief;
a robber.
CUT'TER, jt. 1. One who cuts or hews. 2. An instrument
that cuts. 3. A fore tooth that cuts meat, as distinguished
from a grinder. 4. A small boat used by ships of war.
Also, a vessel with one mfist and a straight running bow-
sprit, which may be run in upon deck. 5. An officer in
the exchequer that provides wood for the tallies. 6. A ruf-
fian ; a bravo ; a destroyer ; [ois.]
€UT'-THRoAT, n. A murderer; an assassin; a ruffian.
Dry den.
€UT'-THR5AT, a. Murderous ; cruel ; barbarous. Carew.
€UT'TING, ppr. 1 . Dividing by an edged instrument ;
cleaving by the stroke or motion of an edged instrument,
as hy a knife, axe, or saw ; hewing ; carving ; intersect-
ing ; piercing. 2. a. Piercing the heart; wounding the
feelings ; deeply affecting with shame or remorse ; pun-
gent ; piquant ; satirical.
eUT'TING, 7?. 1. A separation or division ; a piece cut off;
a slip. 2. The operation of removing a stone from the
bladder.
€UT'TLE, ) 71. [Sax. CMtfeZe.] \. Agermsofmollusca,
€UT'TLE-FISH, ) called sepia. Cuttle is used for a foul-
mouthed feilow. 2. A knife ; [not in use.l Shak.
€UT'-WA-TER, n. The fore part of a ship's prow, or knee
of the head, which cuts the water. Also, a water-fowl.
t€UT'-W6RK, 71. Embroidery. B. Jonson.
C-^'A-NlTE, n. [Gr. Kvavog.] A mmeral of a Berlin blue
color.
CY-AN'0-6EN, 71. [Gr. Kvavos and yevvau).] Carbureted
azote, or carburet of nitrogen.
CY-ATH'I-FORM, a [L. cyathus.] In the form of a cup, or
drinking-glass, a little widened at the top.
CYC'LA-DeS, 7t. plu. [Gr. kvkXos.] A number of isles ar-
ranged round the isle of Delos, in the Grecian Sea, in the
form of a circle.
CY€'LA-MEN, n. [L.] In botany, sow-bread. Sprat.
CY'CLE, ??. [Gr. kvkXos ,• L. cyclu^s.'] 1. In chronology, a
period or series of numbers, which regularly proceedfrom
first to last, and then return to the first in a perpetual cir-
cle. 2. The cijcle of the moon, or golden number, or Me-
tonic cycle, so called from its inventor Meton, is a period
of nineteen years, which being completed, the new and
full moons return on the same days of the month.— 3. The
cycle of the sun is a period of twenty -eight years. — 4. Cy-
cle ofindiction, a period of fifteen years. 5. A round of
years, or period of time, in which the same course begins
again. 6. An imaginary orb or circle in the heavens.
€Y'-CLO-GRAPH,77.. [Gr. kvkXos and ypacpu).] An instru-
ment for describing the arcs of circles.
Cy'CLOID, 7?. [Gr. kvkXos and ct^oj .] A geometrical curve,
on which depends the doctrine of pendulums ; a figure
made by the upper end of the diameter of a circle turning
about a right line.
CY-€LOID'AL, a. Pertaining or relating to a cycloid.
-eY--GLO-LITE,n. A name given to madrepores.
CY-CLOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. kvkXos and juerpew.] The art
of measuring cycles or circles.
CY CLO-Pe'AN, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops ; vast ; ter-
rific. Hall.
CY-CLO-Pe'DI-A, or CY'CLO-PeDE, n. [Gr. kvkXo? and
TTaiSeia.] The circle or compass of the arts and sciences ;
circle of human knowledge. Hence, the book or books
that contain treatises on every branch of the arts and
sciences, arranged under proper heads, in alphabetical
order. See Encyclopedia.
CY-CLOP'IC, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops ; gigantic; sav
age.
CY'CLOPS, n. [Gr. k-uk-Xw^.] In fabulous history, certain
giants, the sons of Neptune and Amphitrite, who had but
one eye, which was circular, and in the midst of the fore-
head.
C-5'DER. See Cider.
CYG'NET, n. [L. cygnus, eycnus.] A young swan.
CYL'IN-DER, n. [Gr. Kv\ivSpog.] In geometry, a solid body
supposed to be generated by the rotation of a parallelo-
gram round one of its sides ; or a long circular body of
uniform diameter, and its extremities formiug equal par
CYL-IN-DRa"'CEOUS, a. Cylindrical. [LUtle used ]
* See Sijnopsis a E, T, 6, U, Y, long.—FATx, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD ;
t Obsolett,
DAC
217
DAG
GY-LIN'DTlie ) a. Having the form of a cylinder, or
CY-LIN'DRI-€AL, ) partaking of its properties.
CY-LIN'DRI-FORM, a. [cylinder and form.] Having the
form of a cylinder.
CYL'IN-DROID, n. {cylinder, and ft^o?.] A solid body, ap-
proaching to the figure of a cylinder, but differing in some
respects, as having the bases elliptical, but parallel and
equal.
CY-MARjM. A slight covering J a scarf : properly, siniar.
CY-Ma'TI-UM, or C^'MA, n. [L.] In. architecture, a
member or molding of the cornice, the profile of which is
waving.
CYM'BAL, n. [L. cymbalum.] 1. A musical instrument used
by the ancients. 2. A mean instrument, used by gip-
sies and vagrants, made of steel wire, in a triangular
form.
CYM'BI-FORM, a. Shaped like a boat.
CS^'ME, or CY'MA, n. [Gr. Kviia.l Literally, a sprout, par-
ticularly of the cabbage; Teclmically, an aggregate flow-
er composed of several florets.
CYIvI'LING, n. A squash, Virginia.
CYM'O-PHANE, K. [Gr. KVjxa ani (paivm.] A mineral, called
also chrysoberyL
CY-MOPH'A-NOUS, a. Having a wavy, floating light; opa-
lescent ; chatoyant.
Cf'MOSB, I a. Containing a cyme; in the form of a cyme.
CY'MOUS, i Martyn.
(5Y-NAN'€HE, n. [Gr. Kwayxv-'] A disease of the throat,
attended with inflammation.
CY-NAN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. kvwv and avd^ioiro';.'] A kind
of madness in which men have the qualities of dogs.
CY-NAR€-TOM'A-eHY, n. [Gr. kvu)v, apKJog, and i^axv-]
Bear-baiting with a dog. [ji barbarous loord.] Hudibras.
tCYN-E-6ET'ieS, n. The art of hunting with dogs.
CYN'I€, \ a. [Gr. kvvlkos.'] Having the qualities of a
CYN'I-€AL, ^ surly dog; snarling; captious; surly; cur-
rish ; austere. — Cynic spasm, a kind of convulsion, in
which the patient imitates the howling of dogs.
CYN'IG, n. A man of a canine temper j t surly or snaiMng
man or philosopher ; a follower of Diogenes ; a misan-
thrope.
CYN'I-eAL-LY, adv. In a snarling or morose manner.
CYN'I-SAL-NESS, m. Moroseness; contempt of riches and
amusements.
CYN'I€S, n. In ancient history, a sect of philosophers, who
valued themselves on their contempt of riches, of arts,
sciences and amusements.
*CYN'0-SURE, n. [Gr. Kvvoaovpa ] The constellation near
the north pole, consisting of seven stars.
Clf'ON. SeeCioN.
CITHER. See Cipher.
CY'PRESS, n. [L. cupressus.] 1. A genus of plants or trees.
2. The emblem of mourning fur the dead, cypress branch-
es having been anciently used at funerals.
CYP'RIN, a. Pertaining to tlie fish of the genus CTjprinus
CY'PRUS, n. A thin, transparent, black stuff". Shale.
CYR-I-0-LOG'I€, a. [Gr. kv^ws and \oyoi.'\ Relating or
pertaining to capital letters.
CYST, or CYS'TIS, n. [Gr. kvctis.] A bag or tunic which
includes morbid matter in animal bodies.
CYST'I€, a. Pertaining to a cyst, or contained in a cyst. —
Cystic oxyd, a name given to a peculiar substance, sup-
posed to be generated in the bladder, or rather in the
kidneys.
CYS'TO-CeLE, 71. [Gr. kvcttis and Kri\n.] A hernia or rup-
ture formed by the protrusion of the urinary bladder.
CYS-TOT'0-MY, n. [Gr. Kvarn and te/zvw.] The act or
practice of opening encysted tumors, for the discharge of
morbid matter.
CYT'l-SUS, 71. A shrub or tree. Also, a genus of trees ;
tree-trefoil.
CZAR, n. A king ; a chief ; a title of the emperor of
Russia; pronounced tzar, and so written by good au-
thors.
CZAR-1'NA, 71. A title of the empress of Russia.
CZAR'ISH, a. Pertaining to the czar of Russia.
D.
Din the Ensrlish alphabet, is the fourth letter, and the
J third articulation.
D is a dental articulation, formed by placing the end of the
tongue against the gum just above the upper teeth. It is
nearly allied to T. It has but one sound, as in do, din,
bad ; and is never quiescent in English words.
As a 7iMmeraZ, D represents j^t;e /iW7i(ired, and when a dash
or stroke is placed over it, thus, D, it denotes .^we thousand.
As an abbreviation, D stands for Doctor ; as, M. D., Doctor of
Medicine ; D. T., Doctor of Theology, or S. T. D., Doctor
of Sacred Theology ; D. D., Doctor of Divinity, or dono de-
dit ; D. D. D., dat, dicat, dedicat ; and D. D. D. D., dignum
Deo donum dedit.
DA CA'PO. [It.] In 7reM.sic, these words signify that the first
part of the tune is to be repeated from the beginning.
DAB, V. t. [Fr. dauber.] 1. To strike gently with the hand ;
to slap ; to box. 2. To strike gently with some soft or
moist substance.
DAB, n. 1. A gentle blow with the hand. 2. A small lump
or mass of any thing soft or raoist. 3. Something moist or
slimy thrown on one. — 4. In laio language, an expert
man. 5. A small flat fish, of the genus pleuronectes, of a
dark-brown color.
DAB'BLE, V. t. [Belgic, dabben, or dabbelen.] Literally, to
dip a little or often ; hence, to wet ; to moisten ; to spat-
ter ; to wet by little dips or strokes ; to sprinkle.
DAB'BLE, V. i. 1. To play in water ; to dip the hands,
throw water and splash about ; to play in mud and water.
2. To do any thing in a slight or superficial manner ; to
tamper ; to touch here and there. 3. To meddle ; to dip
into a concern
DAB'BLER, n. 1 One who plays in water or mud. 2. One
who dips slight./ into any thing ; one who meddles, with-
out going to the bottom ; a superficial meddler.
DAB'BLING, ppr. Dipping superficially or often ; playing
in water, or in mud ; meddling.
DAB'CHICK, 71. A small water-fowl. Ray.
DAB'STER, n. One who is skilled ; one who is expert ; a
master of his business.
DACE, n. [D. daas.] A fish, the cyprinus leuciscus ; a small
river fish, resembling the roach.
DA€'TYL, n. [Gr. SaKrv'Sog.] A poetical foot consisting of
three syllables, the first long, and the others short.
DA€'TYL-AR, a. Pertaining to a dactyl ; reducing from
three to two syllables.
DA€'TYL-ET, n. A dactyl. Bp. Hall.
DA€?TYL-I€, a. Pertaining to or consisting of dactyls.
DAC'TYL-IST, 71 One who writes flowing verse.
DA€-TYL-0L'0-6Y, n. FGr. SaKrvUi and \oyog.] The
act or the art of communicating ideas or thoughts by the
fingers.
DAD, or DAD'DY, n. [W. tad ; Hln-loo, dada.] Father ; a
word used by infants, from whom it is taken.
DAD'DLE, V. i. To walk with tottering, like a child or an
old man. [Little used.]
DAD'DLE, 71. A colloquial expression in several parts of
England for the ha7id.
DADE, V. t. To hold up by leading strings. [Little used.]
Da'DO, n. [Ital. a die.] The plain part of a column between
the base and the cornice ; the die.
D^'DAL, a. [L. Dwdalus.] 1. Various ; variegated. Spenser.
2. Skilful.
DiE-DA'LI-AN. See Dedalian.
t DAFF, or j DAFFE, n. [Ice. dauf.] A stupid, blockish fel-
low. Chaucer.
DAFF, V. t. To daunt. [Local.] Orose.
DAFF, V. t. To toss aside ; to put off". See Doff.
DAF'FLE, V. i. To betray loss of memory and mental fac-
ulty. Brockett.
DAF'FO-DIL, n. [D. affodille.] A plant of the genus narcis-
S21S, of several species. Sometimes written daffadil, daffa-
dilhi, and daffadowndilly.
DAFT. See Daff.
t DAG, n. [Fr. dague.] A dagger; a hand-gun ; a pistol.
t DAG, n. Dew.
DAG, 71. [Sax. dag.] 1. A loose end, as of locks of wool ;
called also da^-locks. 2. A leathern latchet.
t DAG, V. t. 1. To daggle. 2. To cut into slips.
DAG, V. i. To drizzle. Brockett.
DAG'GER, 71. [Fr. dague.] 1. A short sword ; a poniard. —
2. In fencing schools, a blunt blade of iron with a basket
hilt, used for defense. — 3. With printers, an obelisk, or
obelus, a mark of reference in the form of a dagger :
thus, t-
DAG'GER, V. t. To pierce with a dagger ; to stab.
DAG'GERS-DRAW'ING, n. The act of drawing daggers ;
approach to open attack or to violence ; a quarrel.
DAG'GLE, V. t. To trail in mud or wet grass ; to befoul ; to
dirty, as the lower end of a garment.
DAG'GLE, V. i. To run through mud and water.
DAG'GLED, pp. Dipped or trailed in mud or foul water;
befouled.
DAG'GLE-TaIL, a. Having the lower ends of garments
defiled with mud.
DAG'GLING, ppr. Drawing along in mud or foul water.
* See Synopsis. MOVE , BOOK, DO VE ;— RTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J • S as Z • CH as SH TII as in this, f Obsolete.
DA]VI
218
DAM
DAG'LO€K, fl. A phrase, in many places, for the befouled
locks of a sheep's tail.
DAG'-SVyAIN, a. A kind of carpet. Harrison.
DAG'-TaILED, a. The same as daggl&-tail ; trailed in
mud.
DaI'LY, a. [Sax. drnglic.'] Happening or being every day j
done day by day ; bestowed or enjoj'ed every day.
DAfLY, adv. Every day ; day by day.
t DaINT, a. [Fr. dain.'] Delicate ; elegant. Spenser.
tDAiNT, n. bomething of exquisite taste ; a dainty.
OaINT'I-LY, adv. 1. Nicely 5 elegantly 5 [not in use.]
2 Nicely ; fastidiously ; with nice regard to what is well
tasted. 3. Deliciously. 4. Ceremoniously ; scrupulously,
DaINT'I-NESS, 71. 1. Delicacy 3 softness ; elegance ; nice-
ty J [obs.] 2. Delicacy ; deliciousness ; applied to food.
3. Nicety in taste ; squeamishness ; fastidiousness. 4.
Ceremoniousness ; scrupulousness ; nice attention to man-
ners ; [obs.]
f DaINT'LY, ad. Deliciously. Sackville.
tDAINT'REL, n. A delicacy.
DaINT'Y, a. [W.deintiaiz; Scot, dainty.] I.Nice 5 pleas-
ing to the palate ; of exquisite taste ; delicious. 2. Deli-
cate 3 of acute sensibility 5 nice in selecting what is tender
and good 5 squeamish; soft; luxurious. 3. Scrupulous in
manners; ceremonious. 4. Elegant; tender; soft; pure;
neat ; effeminately beautiful. 5 Nice ; affectedly fine.
DAINT'Y, n. 1. Something nice and delicate to the taste;
that which is exquisitely delicious ; a delicacy. 2. A
term of fondness ; [not much 2ised.]
BaVRY, n. 1. Milk, and all that concerns it, on a farm ; or
the business of managing milk, and of making butter and
cheese. The whole establishment respecting milk, in a
family or on a farm. 2. The place, room or house, where
milk is set for cream, managed, and converted into butter
or cheese. 3. Milk-farm.
DAI'RY-HOUSE, or DAI'RY-ROOM, n. A house or room
appropriated to the management of mUk.
DaI'RY-MaID, n. A female servant, whose business is to
manage milk. Addison.
DaI'SIED, a. Full of daisies ; adorned with daisies. Shak.
DaI'SY, n. [Sax. dceges-ege.] A plant of the genus bellis,
of several varieties.
DA'KER-HEN, n. A fowl of the gallinaceous kind, some-
what like a partridge or quail. The corn-crake or land-
rail, a bird of the grallic order of Linne.
Da'KIR, n. In English statutes, ten hides, or the twentieth
part of a last of hides.
DALE, n. [Goth, dalei.] A low place between hills ; a vale
or valley ; a poetic icord.
DALLI-ANCE, n. 1. Literally, delay; a lingering; appro-
priately, acts of fondness ; interchange of caresses ; toying,
as males and females. 2. Conjugal embraces ; commerce
of the sexes. 3. Delay ; [ohs.] Shak.
PAL'LI-ER, n. One who fondles ; a trifler.
fDAL'LOP, 71. A tuft or clump. Tusser.
DAL'LY, V. i. [W ddl, or dala.] 1, Literally, to delay ; to
linger ; to wait. 2. To trifle ; to lose time in idleness and
trifles ; to amuse one's self with idle play. 3, To toy and
wanton, as man and woman; to interchange caresses; to
fondle. 4. To sport; to play.
DAL'LY, v.t. To delay ; to defer ; to put off; to amuse till
a proper opportunity. [A''ot much used.]
DAL LY-ING, ppr. Delaying; procrastinating; trifling;
wasting time in idle amusement ; toying; fondling.
DAM, ?i. [from dame.] 1. A femole -paTent; used of beasts,
particularly of quadrupeds. 2, A human mother, in con-
tempt. Shak. 3. [Fr. dame.] A crowned man in the
game of draughts.
DAM, n. [D. dam ; G. damm.] A mole, bank, or mound of
earth, or any wall, or a frame of wood, raised to obstruct
a current of water.
DAM, V. t. [Sax. demman ; G. dammen.] 1. To make a
dam, or to stop a stream of water by a bank of earth, or by
any other work ; to confine or shut in water. 2. To con-
fine or restrain from escaping ; to shut in.
DAM'A6E, 71, [Fr. dommage.] 1. Any hurt, injury or
harm to one's estate ; any loss of property sustained; any
hinderance to the increase of property ; or any obstruction
to the success of an enterprise. 2, The value of what is
lost ; the estimated equivalent for detiiment or injury sus-
tained.
DAM'A6E, v. t. [It. danneggiare.] To hurt or harm ; to in-
jure ; to impair; to lessen the soundness, goodness, or
value of,
DAM'AGE, v. i. To receive harm ; to be injured or impair-
ed in soundness or value,
DAM'AGE-FEAS'ANT, (dam'aje-fez'ant) a. Doing mjmy ;
trespassing, as cattle. Blackstonc.
DAM'AGE-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be injured or impaired ;
susceptible of damage. 2, Hurtful; pernicious; [rare.]
DAM' AGED. pp. Hurt; impaired; injured.
DAI^I'AG-ING, ppr. Injuring; impairing.
DAM'AS-CeNE, n. [L, damascenu^, from Damascus.] 1. A
particular kind of plum, now pronounced damson, which
see. 2. It may be locally applied to other species ot
plums.
DAM' ASK, n. [It. dommasco, from Damascus.] 1. A silk
stuff, having some parts raised above the ground, repre-
senting flowers and other figiues. 2. A kind of wrought
linen, made in Flanders, in Imitation of damask silks. 3
Red color, from the damask-rose. — Damask-steel is a fine
steel from the Levant, chiefly from Damascus, used for
sword and cutlas blades.
DAM' ASK, V. t. 1. To form flowers on stuffs ; also, to va-
riegate ; to diversify. 2. To adorn steel-work with fig-
ures. See Damaskeen.
DAM' ASK- PLUM, n. A small black plum.
DAM'ASK-ROSE, n. A species of rose which is red, and
another which is white.
DAM'AS-KEN, ) v. t. [Fr. damasquiner .] To make in-
DAM-AS-KEEN', \ cisions in iron, steel, &c., and fill
them with gold or silver wire, for ornament ; used chiefly
for adorning sword-blades, guards, locks of pistols, &c.
DAM-AS-KEEN'ED, pp. Carved into figures, and inlaid
with gold or silver wire,
DAM-AS-KEEN'ING, ppr. Engraving and adorning with
gold or sUver wire inlaid,
DAM-AS-KEEN'ING, 71, The act or art of beautifying iron
or steel by engraving and inlaying it with gold or silver
wire.
DAM' AS-KIN, n. A sabre, so called from the manufacture
of Damascus.
DAME, 71. [Fr. dame.] Literally, a mistress ; hence, a
lady ; a title of honor to a woman. It is now generally
applied to the mistress of a family in the common ranks
of life. In poetry, it is applied to a woman of rank.
DAME'S'-Vi-O-LET, ) 71. A plant of the genus hesperis ;
DaME'-WoRT, \ called also queen''s gilly-flower.
DA'MI-AN-ISTS< In church history, a sect who denied any
distinction in the Godhead,
DAMN, (dam) v c. [L, damno ; Fr. damner.] 1. To sentence
to eternal torments in a future state ; to punish in heU.
2. To condemn ; to decide to be wrong or worthy of pun-
ishment ; to censure ; to reprobate. 3. To condemn ; to
explode ; to decide to be bad, mean or displeasing, by
hissing, or any mark of disapprobation, 4. A word used
in profaneness ; a term of execration.
DAM'NA-BLE, a. 1. That may be damned or condemned ;
deserving damnation ; worthy of eternal punishment.
More generally, that which subjects or renders liable to
damnation. 2, In a low or ludicrous sense, odious, de-
testable or pernicious.
DAj\I'NA-BLE-NESS, 71, The state or quality of deserving
damnation,
DAM'NA BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to incur eternal pim-
ishment, or so as to exclude mercy. 2, In a low sense,
odiously ; detestably ; sometimes, excessively,
DAM-NA'TION, n. [L. damnatio.] 1. Sentence or con-
demnation to everlasting punishment in the future state ;
or the state of eternal torments. 2, Condemnation.
DAM'NA-TO-RY, a. Containing a sentence of condemna-
tion, Waterland.
DAMNED, pp. 1. Sentenced to everlasting punishment in
a futiure state; condemned, 2, a. Hateful; detestable;
abominable ; a word chiefly used in profaneness by persons
of vulgar manners.
DAM-NIF'I€, a. Procurmg loss ; mischievous,
DAM'NI-FIED, 2>p. Injured; endamaged,
DAM'NI-FY, v. t. [L, damnifico.] 1. To cause loss or
damage to ; to hurt in estate or interest ; to injure ; to en-
damage. 2, To hurt ; to injure ; to impair.
DAM'NI-FY-ING, ppr. Hurtmg; injuring; impairing.
DAM'NING, ppr. 1. Dooming to endless punishment ; con-
demning. 2. a. That condemns or exposes to damnation.
DAM'NING-NESS, n. Tendency to bring damnation.
DAIMP, a. [G. dampf; D. da7np.] 1. Moist; humid; being
in a state between dry and wet, 2, Dejected ; sunk ; de-
pressed ; chilled ; [miusual.]
DAMP, 71. 1, Moist air; humidity; moisture; fog. 2, De-
jection ; depression of spirits ; chill. 3, Damj^ie; plu. Nox-
ious exhalations issuing from the earth, and deleterious
or fatal to anunal life.
DAMP, V. t. 1, To moisten ; to make humid or moderately
v/et, 2, To chill ; to deaden ; to depress or deject ; to
abate. 3, To weaken; to make dull, 4, To check or
restrain, as action or vigor; to make languid ; to dis-
courage,
DAMPED, pp. Chilled ; depressed ; abated ; weakened ;
checked; discouraged,
DAMP'ER, n. 1, That which damps or checks ; a valve or
sliding plate in a furnace to stop or lessen the quantity of
air admitted, 2, A part of a piano-forte, by which the
sound is deadened,
BAMP'ING, ppr. Chilling; deadening ; dejecting ; abating ;
checking; weakening,
DAMP'ISH, a. Bloderately damp or moist.
DAMP'ISH-NESS, 71. A moderate degree of dampness, oi
moistness ; slight humidity.
See Synopsis. A 6. i; o, O Y, long. -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ,— t Obsolete.
DAN
2l9
DAR
DAMP'NESS, 71. Moisture; fogginesg; moistness ; mode-
rate humidity.
DAMPS. See Damp.
DAMP'Y, a. Dejected ; gloomy. [Little used.]
DAM'SELj n. [Fr. damoiselle, and demoiselle.'] A young
woman. Forwxrly, a young man or woman of noble or
genteel extraction.
DAM'SON, (dam'zn) n. [contracted from damascene.] The
fruit of a variety of the prunus domestica ; a small black
plum.
fDAN, n. [Sp. don.] A title of honor equivalent to masier.
Shak.
DANCE, (dans) v. i. [Ft. danser.] 1. Primarily ^ to leap or
spring ; hence, to leap or move with measured steps, reg-
ulated by a tune, sung or played on a musical instru-
ment ; to leap or step with graceful motions of the body,
corresponding with the sound of the voice or of an instru-
ment. 2. To leap and frisk about ; to move nimbly, or up
and down. — To dance attendance, to wait with obsequi-
ousness ; to strive to please and gain favor by assiduous
attentions and officious civilities.
DANCE, v.t.To make to dance ; to move up and down, or
back and forth ; to dandle.
DANCE, n. 1. In a general sense, a leaping and frisking
about. Appropriately, a leaping or stepping with motions
of the body adjusted to the measure of a tune, particularly
by two or more in concert. 2. A tune by which dancing
is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz, the cotillon, <fec.
DAN'CER, n. One who practices dancing, or is skilful in
the performance.
DAN'CING, ppr. Leaping and stepping to the sound of the
voice or of an instrument ; moving in measured steps ;
frisking about.
DAN'CING-MAS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of dan-
cing.
DAN'CING-SCHOOL) n. A school in which the art of dan-
cing is taught.
DAN'DE-LT-ON, n. [Fr. dent de Hon.] A well known plant
of the genus leontodon.
DAN'DER, V. i. To wander about ; to talk incoherently.
DAN'DI-PRAT, 71. [Fr. dandin, a. ninny ; It. do7idolone.] A
little fellow; an urchin ; a loord of fondness or contempt.
Johnson.
DAN'DLE, V. t. [G. fdndeln.] 1. To shake or jolt on the
knee, as an infant ; to move up and down in the hand ;
literally, to amuse by play. 2. To fondle ; to amuse ; to
treat as a child ; to toy with. 3. To delay ; to protract by
trifles; [oIjs.]
DAN'DLED, pp. Danced on the knee, or in the arms ; fon-
dled ; amused by trifles or play.
DAN'DLER, n. One who dandles or fondles children.
DAN'DLING, ppr. Shaking and jolting on the knee ; mov-
ing about in play or for amusement, as an infant.
DAND'RtJFF, n. [qu. Sax. tan and drof.] A scurf which
forms on the head, and comes off in small scales or parti-
cles.
DAN'DY, n. [qu. Scot, dandie. See Dandiprat.] In mod-
ern usage, a male of the human species, who dresses
himself like a doll, and who carj'ies his character on his
back.
DAN'DY-€0GK, or HEN, n. Bantam fov/ls.
DAN'DY-ISM, n. The manners and dress of a dandy.
DANE, 71. A native of Denmark.
DaNE'GELT, 71. [Dane, and Sax. gelt, geld.] In England,
an annual tax formerly laid on the EnglisJi nation, for
maintaining forces to oppose the Danes, or to furnisli trib-
ute to procure peace.
DaNE'-WoRT, 71. A plant of the genus sambucus ; a spe-
cies of elder, called dwarf-elder, or wall--inort.
DaN'6ER, 71. [Fr., Arm., Scot. (Z(TO^er.] Peril : risk ; haz-
ard ; exposure to injury, loss, pain or other evil.
DaN'6ER, v. t. To put in hazard ; to expose to loss or inju-
ry, [Rarely u^ed.\ Shak. See Endanger.
DaN'(5ER-LESS, a. Free from danger; without risk.
[Little used.] Sidney.
DaN'GER-OUS, a. 1. Perilous; hazardous; exposing to
loss ; unsafe ; full of risk. 2. Creating danger ; causing
risk of evil.
DAN'dER-OUS-LY, adv. With danger ; with risk of evil ;
with exposure to injury or ruin ; hazardously ; per-
ilously.
DaN'6ER-0US-NESS, 71. Danger; hazard; peril; a state
of being exposed to evil.
DAN'GLE, TJ. z. [Ban. dingier.] 1. To hang loose, flowing,
shaking or wavmg ; to hang and swing. " He'd rather
on a gibbet daiigle." Hadihras. 2. To hang on any one ;
to be a humble, officious follower.
DAN'GLER, n. One who dangles or hangs about.
DAN'GLING, ppr. Hanging loosely ; busily or officiously ad-
hering to.
DaN'ISH, a. Belonging to the Danes or Denmark.
DaN'ISH, n. The language of the Danes.
DANK, a. [qu. G. tunken.] Damp ; moist ; humid ; wet.
DANK, n. Moisture ; humidity. Milton.
DANK'ISH, a. Somewhat damp.
DANK'ISH-NESS, n. Dampness ; humidity.
Da'OU-RiTE, n. A mineral, called rubellite.
DAP, or DAPE, v. i. [Goth, daupyan.] To drop or let fall
into the water ; a word used by anglers. Walton.
DA-PAT'I-€AL, a. [L. dapaticus.] Sumptuous in cheer.
Cockeram.
DAPH'NATE, n. A compound of the bitter principle of the
Daphne Alpina with a base.
DAPH'NIN, n. The bitter principle of the Daphne Jllpina.
DAP'I-FER, n. [L. dapes and fero.] One who brings meat
to the table. Formerly, the title or office of the grand-
master of a king's household.
DAP'PER, a. [D. dapper.] Active ; nimble ; brisk ; or little
and active ; neat ; tight ; as, a dapper fellow
DAP'PER-LING, n. A dwarf; a dandiprat.
DAP'PLE, a. Marked with spots ; spotted ; variegated with
spots of different colors or shades of color, as a dapple-
fray.
P'PLE, V. t. To spot ; to variegate with spots.
DAP'PLED, pp. Spotted; variegated with spots of different
colors or shades of color.
DAP'PLING, ppr. Variegating with spots.
DAR, or DART, n. A fish found in the Severn. Bailey.
fDARD, 71. [Fr. dard.] What throws out, or is cast for-
ward, as a dart is thrown.
DARE, V. i. ; pret. durst. [Sax. dearran, durran.] To have
courage for any purpose; to have strength of mind or
hardihood to undertake any thing ; to be bold enough ;
not to be afraid ; to venture ; to be adventurous.
DARE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. dared. To challenge ; to pro-
voke ; to defy.— To dare larks, to catch them by means
of a looking-glass; to terrify or amaze. Dryden.
t DARE, 71. Defiance ; challenge. Shak.
DARE, 71. A small fish, the same as the dace.
Dared, pp. Challenged ; defied.
t DaRE'FIJL, a. Full of defiance. Shak.
DaR'ER, 71. One who dares or defies.
DAR'IC, n. A gold coin of Darius the Mede.
DaR'ING, ppr. 1. Having courage sufficient for a purpose ,
challenging ; defying. 2. a. Bold ; courageous ; intrepid ;
fearless ; adventurous ; brave ; stout. 3. Audacious ; hn-
pudently bold and defying.
DaR'ING-LY, adv. Boldly ; courageously ; fearlessly ; im-
pudently. ,
DaR'ING-NESS, 71. Boldness ; courageousness ; audacious-
ness.
DARK, a. [Sax. deorc] 1. Destitute of light; obscure.
9. Wholly or partially black ; having the quality opposite
to white. 3. Gloomy ; disheartening ; having unfavora-
ble prospects. 4. Obscure ; not easily understood or
explained. 5. Mysterious. . 6. Not enlightened with
knowledge ; destitute of learning and science ; rude ; ig ■
norant. 7. Not vivid ; partially black. 8. Blind ; [not in
use.] Dryden. 9. Gloomy ; not cheerful. 10. Obscure ;
concealed; secret; not understood. "11. Unclean; foul.
Milton. 12. Opaque. 13. Keeping designs concealed.
DARK, 71. [Sans, tareki.] I. Darkness ; obscurity ; the ab-
sence of light. 2. Obscurity; secrecy; a state unknown
3. Obscurity ; a state of ignorance.
f DARK, V. t. To darken ; to obscure.
DARK'-BROWED, a. Stern of aspect; frowning.
DARK'EN, (dar'kn) v. t. [Sax. adeorcian.] 1. To make
dark ; to deprive of light. 2. To obscure ; to cloud. 3.
To make black. 4. To make dim ; to deprive of vision.
5. To render gloomy. 6. To deprive of intellectual vis-
ion ; to render ignorant or stupid. 7. To obscure ; to
perplex ; to render less clear or intelligible. 8. To render
less white or clear ; to tan. 9. To sully ; to make foul.
DARK'EN, v. i. To grow dark or darker ; also, to grow less
white or clear.
DARK'ENED, pp. Deprived of light ; obscured ; rendered
dim ; made black ; made ignorant.
DARK'EN-ER, n,. That which darkens and confounds
B. Jonson.
DARK'EN-ING, 2)pr. Depriving of light; obscuring; mak-
ing black or less white or clear ; clouding.
DARK'-HOUSE, n. An old word for a mad-house. Shak.
DARK'ISH, a. Dusky ; somewhat dark.
DARK'LING, a. Being in the dark, or without light; a po-
etical word, Milton.
DARK'LY, adv. Obscurely ; dimly ; blindly ; uncertainly ;
with imperfect light, clearness or knowledge.
DARK'NESS, 71. 1. Absence of light. 2. Obscurity ; want
of clearness or perspicuity ; that quality or state which
renders any thing difficult to be understood. 3. A state
of being intellectually clouded ; ignorance. 4. A private
place; secrecy; privacy. 5. Infernal gloom; hell. 6
Great trouble and distress ; calamities ; perplexities. 7.
Empire of Satan. 8. Opaqueness. — Land of darkness, the
grave. Job, x.
DARK'SoME, a. Dark ; gloomy ; obscure. Milton.
DARK'-W6RK-ING, a. Working in darkness or in secre-
cy. Shak.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;~BTJLL, UNTTE.^€ as K ; G as J ; S5 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
DAT
2S0
DAY
DX.R'LING, a. [Sax. deorling.'] Dearly beloved ; favorite ;
regarded with great kindness and tenderness.
DaR'LING, n. One much beloved ; a favorite.
DARJM, V. t. [W, darn; Arm. darn.] To mend a rent or
hole, by imitating the texture of the cloth or stuff vyith
yam or thread and a needle ; to sew together with yarn
or thread.
DARN, 71. A place mended by darning.
DAR'NEL, 71. A plant of the genus lolium.
DARN'ER, 71. One who mends by deirning.
DARNI€. SeeDoRNic,
DARN'ING, ppr. Mending in imitation of the original tex-
ture ; sewing together, as a torn stocking.
DARN'ING, 71. The act of mending, as a hole in a garment.
fDAR'RAlN, V. t. [Nonn. dareipier, derener, dereigner, de-
raiffuer.] To prepare, or to order, or to try j to endeavor ;
to prove : to apply to the contest. Shak.
DART, 71. [Fr. dard.] 1. A pointed, missile weapon to be
thrown by the hand ; a short lance. Dryden. 2. Any
missile weapon ; that which pierces and wounds.
DART, V. t. 1. To throw a pointed instrument with a sud-
den thrust. 2. To throw suddenly or rapidly 5 to send;
to emit ; to shoot.
DART, V. i. 1. To fly or shoot, as a dart ; to fly rapidly.
2. To spring and run with velocity ; to start suddenly and
run.
DART'ED, pp. Thrown or hurled as a pointed instrument ;
sent with velocity.
DART'ER, n. One who throws a dart.
DART'ING, ppr. Throwing, as a dai-t; hurling darts; fly-
ing rapidly.
DASH, V. t. [Dan. dask.] 1. To strike suddenly or vio-
lently, whether throwing or falling. 2. To strike and
bniise or break ; to break by collision ; but usually with
the words in pieces. 3. To throw water suddenly, in sep-
arate portions, 4. To bespatter ; to sprinkle. 5. To
strike and break or disperse. 6. To mix and reduce or
adulterate by throwing in another substance. 7. To form
or sketch out in haste, carelessly ; {unusual.'] 8. To
erase at a strok« ; to strike out ; to blot out or obliterate.
9. To break ; to destroy ; to frustrate. 10. To confound ;
to confuse ; to put to shame 3 to abash ; to depress by
sJiame or fear.
DASH, V. i. 1. To strike, break, scatter and fly off. 2. To
rush, strike and break, or scatter. 3. To rush with vio-
lence, and break through.
DASH, n. 1. Collision ; a violent striking of two bodies.
2. Infusion ; admixture ; something thrown into another
substance. 3. Admixture. 4. A rushing, or onset with
violence. 5. A sudden stroke ; a blow ; an act. 6, A
flourish; blustering parade ; [vulgar.] 7. A mark or line
in writing or printing, noting a break or slop in the sen-
tence ; as in Virgil, quos ego — ,• or a pause , or the divis-
ion of the sentence.
DASHED, ;7j7. Strack violently; driven against; bruised,
broken or scattered by collision ; besprinkled ; mixed or
adulterated ; erased, blotted out ; broken ; cast down ;
confounded ; abashed.
DASF'ING, ppr. 1. Driving and striking against; striking
t'l !.i only or violently ; breaking or scattering by collision ;
}!i:'using; mixing; confounding; blotting out; rushing.
2. a. Rushing; driving; blustering. 3. a. Precipitate;
rushing carelessly on. Burke.
DAS'TARD, 71. [Sax. adastrigan,] A coward ; a poltroon ;
one who meanly shrinks from danger.
DAS'TARD, a. Cowardly ; meanly shrinking from danger.
DAS'TARD, V. t. To make cowardly ; to intimidate ; to
dispirit.
DaS'TARD-iZE, v. t. To make cowardly. Hoicell.
DAS'TARD-LI-NESS, n. Cowardliness. Barrett.
DAS'TARD-LY, a. Cowardly ; meanly timid ; base.
DAS'TARD-NESS, 71. Cowardliness; mean timorousness.
DAS'TARD-Y, n. Cowardliness ; base timidity.
Da'TA, n. plu, [L. data.] Things given, or admitted ;
quantities, principles or facts given, known, or admitted,
by which to find things or results unknown.
Da'TA- RY, n. 1. An officer of the chancery of Rome,
who affixes the datum Romm to the pope's bulls. 2. The
employment of a datary.
DATE, 71. [Yt. date ; It., Sp. data.] 1. That addition to a
writing which specifies the year, month and day when
it was given or executed. 2. The time when any event
happened, when any thing was transacted, or when any
thing is to be done. 3. End; conclusion; [unusual.] 4.
Duration; continuance.
BATE, V. t. 1. To write or note the time when a letter is
written, or a writing executed ; to express, in an instru-
ment, the year, month and day of its execution, and usu-
ally the place. 2. To note or fix the time of an event or
transaction. 3. To note the time when something be-
gins.
DATE, V. i. 1. To reckon. 2. To begin ; to have origin.
DATE, n. [Fr. datte.] The fruit oif the great palm-tree, or
date-tree, the phasnix dactylifcra.
DaTE'-TREE, n. The tree that bears dates; the great
palm-tree.
DaT'ED, pp. Having the time of writing or execution
specified ; having the time of happening noted.
DaTE'LESS, a. Having no date ; having no fixed term.
DaT'ER, 71. One that dates.
DaT'ING, ppr. Expressing the time of writing or of execut-
ing a paper or instrument ; noting the time of happening,
or originating.
Da'TIVE, a. [li. dativus.] In ^awiTrear, the epitliet of the
case of nouns which usually follows verbs that express
giving, or some act directed to an object. — Dative execu-
tor, in law, one appointed by the judge of probate ; an ad-
ministrator.
DAT'O-LiTE, ) 71. The sHieeous borate of lime, a mineral
DATH'O-LlTE, I of two subspecies.
Da'TUM, n. [L.] Something given or admitted. See Data,
DA-Tu'RA, n. A vegeto-alkali obtained from datura stra-
monium.
DAUB, V. t. [W. dwbiaw.] I. To smear with soft, adhe-
sive matter; to plaster; to cover with mud, slime, or
other soft substance. 2. To paint coarsely. 3. To cover
with something gross or specious ; to disguise with an
artificial covering. 4. To lay or put on without taste ; to
deck awkwardly or ostentatiously, or to load with affect-
ed finery. 5. To flatter grossly.
DAUB, V, i. To practice gross flattery ; to play the hypocrite.
DAUB, 71. Coarse painting. Delany.
DAUBED, pp. Smeared with soft, adhesive matter; plas-
tered ; painted coarsely ; disguised ; loaded with ill-
chosen finery.
DAUB'ER, n. One who daubs ; a coarse painter ; a low and
gross flatterer.
DAUB'ING, ppr. Plastering ; painting coarsely ; disguising
clumsily; decking ostentatiously ; flattering grossly.
DAUB'ING, n. Plastering ; coarse painting ; gross flattery.
DAUB'RY, or DAUB'ER- Y, n. A daubing ; any thing art-
ful. Shak.
DAUB'Y, a. Viscous ; glutinous ; slimy ; adhesive.
DAUGHTER, (daw'ter) n. [Sax. dohter ; D. dogter;G.
tochter.] 1. The female offspring of a man or woman ; a
female child of any age. 2. A daughter-in-law ; a son's
wife. 3. A woman ; plu. female inhabitants. 4. A fe-
male descendant ; lineage of females. 5. The female
penitent of a confessor. — This word is used in Scripture
for the inhabitants of a city or country, male and female
/6-. xvi. 2.
DAUGH'TER-LI-NESS, n. 1. The state of a daughter. 2.
The conduct becoming a daughter.
DAUGH'TER-LY, a. Becoming a daughter ; dutiful.
* DAUNT, (dant) v. t. [In Scot, dant, danton.] To repress
or subdue courage ; to intimidate ; to dishearten ; to check
by fear of danger.
*DAUNT'ED, pp. Checked by fear ; intimidated.
* DAUNT'ING, ppr. Repressing courage ; intimidating ; dis-
heartening.
* DAUNT'LESS, a. Bold ; fearless ; intrepid ; not timid ;
not discouraged.
*DAUNT'LESS-NESS, 71. Fearlessness; intrepidity.
DAU'PHIN, 71. [Fr. dauphin ; L. delphin, delphinus.] The
eldest son of the king of France, and presumptive heir of
the crown.
DAU'PHIN-ESS, 71. The wife or lady of the dauphin.
DAV'ER, V. t. 1. To stun ; to stupify. Brockett. 2. To fade
like a flower. Grose.
Da'VID-ISTS, I n. A sect, so called from David
DA'VID-GEOR'GIANS, ) George, who flourished in the
sixteenth century. Pagitt.
DAVINA, 71. A Vesuvian mineral of a hexahedral form.
DAVIT, 71. A beam used on board of ships.
DAW, 71. A word that is found in the compound names of
many species of birds.
fDAW, V. i. To dawn. See Dawn.
DAW. v. i. To thrive ; to mend ; to recover health. Orose
t DAW'DLE, v. i. To waste time ; to trifle.
t DAWDLER, 71. A trifler.
DAW'ISH, a. Like a daw. Bale.
DAWK, 71. A hollow, rupture or incision in timber. [Local.}
DAWK, V. t. To cut or mark with an incision.
DAWN, V. i. [Sax. dagian.] 1. To begin to grow light in the
morning ; to grow light. 2. To begin to open or expand ;
to begin to show intellectual light, or knowledge. 3. To
glimmer obscurely. 4. To begin to open or appear.
DAWN, 7?. 1, The break of day ; the first appearance of
light in the morning. 2. First opening or expansion ; first
appearance of intellectual light. 3. Beginning ; rise ; first
appearance. 4. A feeble or incipient light ; first beams.
DAWN'ING, ppr. 1. Growing light ; first appearing lumi-
nous; opening. 2. Opening; expanding; beginning to
show intellectual light ; beginning.
DAWN'ING, 71. 1. The first appearance of light in the morn-
ing. 2. The first opening or appearance of the intellect-
ual powers ; beginning.
DAY, n. [Sax. dizg, deg, dag ; Goth, dags ; D. dag.] 1
* See Synopsis, a, K, T, 5, tj, Y, long.—FKU, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARfNE, BIRD ; f Obsolete.
DEA
221
DEA
That part of the time of the earth's revolution on its axis,
in which its surface is presented to tlie sun ; the part of
tlie twenty-four hours when it is light ; or the space of
time between the rising and setting of the sun ; called the
artificial day. 2. The whole time or period of one revo-
lution of the earth on its axis, or twenty-four hours ; called
tlie natural day. In this sense, the day may commence
at any period of the revolution. The Babylonians began
the day at sun-rising ; the Jews at sun-setting ; the Egyp-
tians at midnight, as do several nations in modern times,
the British, French, Spanisli, Americans, See. This day,
in reference to civil transactions, is called the civil day.
Thus, with us, the day when a legal instrument is dated
begins and ends at midnight. 3. Light ; sunshine. 4.
Time specified ; any period of time distinguished from
other time ; age ; time, with reference to the existence of
a person or thing. 5. The contest of a day ; battle •, or
day of combat. 6. An appointed or fixed time. 7. Time
of commemorating an event ; anniversary ; the same day
of the month, in any future year. — Day by day, daily ;
every day ; each day in succession ; continually ; witli-
out intermission of a day. — But or only f rum day to day,
without certainty of continuance; temporarily. Shak.—
To-day, adv. [Sax. to-dcBg.] On the present day ; this day ;
or at the present time. — Days of grace, in theology, the
time when mercy is offered to sinners. — Days of grace,
in law, are days granted by the court for delay, at the
prayer of the plaintiff or defendant.— Da?/*^ of grace, in
commerce, a customary number of days, (in Great Britain
and America three) allowed for the payment of a note or
bill of exchange, after it becomes due.
DaY'BED, n. A bed used for idleness, indulgence, or rest,
during the day. Shak.
DaY'-BOOK, n. A journal of accounts ; a book in which are
recorded* the debts and credits or accounts of the day.
DaY'BREaK, n. I'he dawn or first appearance of light in
the morning.
DaY'CoAL, n. The upper stratum of coal.
DaY'DReAM, n. A vision to tlie waking senses. Dryden.
DaY'PLOW-ER, n. A genus of plants, the commelina.
DaY'FL'?, n. A genus of insects that live one day only, or
a very short time, called ephemera,
DaY'La-BOR, n. Labor hired or performed by the day.
DaY-La'BOR-ER, n. One who works by the day.
DaY'LiGHT, n. The light of the day ; the light of the sun,
as opposed to that of the moon, or of a lamp or candle.
DaY'-LIL-Y, n. The same with asphodel.
DaY'LY, a. Tlie more regular orthography of daily.
DaYS'MAN, n. An umpire or arbiter ; a mediator.
DaY'SPRING, n. The dawn ; the beginning of tlie day, or
first appearance of light.
DaY'STAR, n. The morning star, Lucifer, Venus ; the star
which precedes the morning light.
DaY'TiME, n. The time of the sun's light on the earth.
DaY'WeA-RIED, a. Wearied with the labor of the day.
DaY'-W5M-AN, n. A dairy-maid. Slmk.
DaY'WoRK, n. Work by the day ,: daylabor.
DaY'S'-WoRK, n. The work of one day. — Among seamen,
the account or reckoning of a ship's course for 24 hours,
from noon to noon.
DAZE, V. t. [qu. Sax. dioces, dysi, dysig.] To overpower
with light ; to dim or blind by too strong a light, or to ren-
der tlie sight unsteady. [JV1»i now used, unless in poetry. "l
Dryden.
DAZE, n. Among miners, a glittering stone.
DAZ'ZLE, V. t. 1. To overpower with light ; to hinder dis
tinct vision by intense light ; or to cause to shake ; to ren-
der unsteady, as the sight. 2. To strike or surprise with
a bright or intense light ; to dim or blind by a glare of
light, or by splendor, hi a literal or figurative sense.
DAZ'ZLE, v. i. To be overpowered by light ; to shake or
be unsteady ; to waver, as the sight. Dryden.
DAZ'ZLED, pp. Made wavering, as the sight ; overpower-
ed or dimmed by a too strong light.
t DAZ'ZLE-MENT, n. The act or power of dazzling.
DAZ'ZLING, ppr. Rendering unsteady or waverhig, as the
sight ; overpowering by a strong light ; striking with
splendor.
DAZ'ZLING-LY, adv. In a dazzling manner.
DE, a Latin prefix, denotes a moving from, separation ; as
in debark, decline, decease, deduct, decamp. Hence it often
expresses a negative ; as in derange. Sometimes it aug-
ments the sense, as in deprave, despoil.
DEx\'€ON, (de'kn) n. [L. diaconus.\ 1. A person in the
lowest degree of holy orders, 2. In Scotland, an over-
seer of the poor, and the master of an incorporated com-
pany.
DeA'€ON-ESS, (de'kn-ess) n. A female deacon in the
j^rimitive church.
DeA'€ON-RY, > n. The office, dignity or ministry of a
DeA'€ON-SHIP, \ deacon or deaconess.
DEAD, (ded) a. [Sax. dead.'] 1. Deprived or destitute of
life. 2. Having never had life, or having been deprived
of vital action before birth. 3. Without life ; inanimate.
4. Without vegetable life. 5. Imitating deatu ; deep ot
sound. 6. Perfectly still ; motionless as death. 7. Emp-
ty ; vacarrt ; not enlivened by variety. 8. Unemployed ;
useless ; unprofitable. 9, Dull ; inactive. 10 Dull ;
gloomy ; still ; not enlivened. 11. Still ; deep ; obscure
12. Dull ; not lively ; not resembling life. 13. Dull ;
heavy. 14. Dull ; frigid ; lifeless ; cold ; not animated ;
not affecting. 15. Tasteless ; vapid ; spiritless. 16. Unin-
habited. 17. Dull ; without natural force or efficacy ; not
lively or brisk. 18. In a state of spiritual death ; void ot
grace ; lying under the power of sin. 19. Impotent ; una-
ble to procreate, Rom. iv. 20. Decayed in grace. 21.
Not proceeding from spiritual life ; not producing good
works. 22. Proceeding from corrupt nature, not from
spiritual life or a gracious prmciple. — 23. In law, cut off
from the rights of a citizen ; deprived of the power of en-
joying the rights of property. — Dead language, a language
which is no longer spoken or in common use by a people,
and known only in writings ; as the Hebrew, Greek and
Latin. — Dead rising, or rising line, the parts of a ship's
floor or bottom throughout her length, where the fluoi
timber is terminated on the lower futtock.
DEAD, (ded) n. 1. The dead signifies dead men. 2. The
state of the dead ; or death.
DEAD, (ded) n. The time when there is a remarkable still-
ness or gloom ; depth ; as in the midst of winter or of
night.
jDEADj (ded) v. i. To lose life or force. Bacon.
f DEAD, (ded) v. t. To deprive of life, force or vigor. Ba-
con.
t DEAD'-DO-ING, a. Destructive ; killing. Spenser.
DEAD'-DRUNK, a. So drunk as to be incapable of help-
ing one's self.
DEAD'EN, (ded'dn) v. t. [D. dooden.] 1. To deprive of
a portion of vigor, force or sensation ; to abate vigor or
action. 2. To blunt ; to render less susceptible or feeling.
3. To reiard ; to lessen velocity or motion. 4. To dimin-
ish spirit ; to make vapid or spiritless.
DEAD'-E"?E, (ded'i) n. [dead man's eye.] Among seamen,
a round, flattish, wooden block, encircled by a rope, or an
iron band, and pierced with holes, to receive the laniard.
DEAD'-HEART-ED, a. Having a dull, faint heart.
DEAD'-HEART'ED-NEfeS, n. Pusillanimity.
DEAD'ISH, a Resembling what is dead ; dull.
DEAD'-KILL^ING, a. Instantly killing. Shak.
DEAD'-LIFT, n. A heavy weight ; a hopeless exigency.
DEAD'-LlGHT, (ded'llle) n. A strong wooden port, n", :J8
to suit a cabin window, in which it is fixed, to prevent
the water from entering a ship in a storm.
DEAD'LI-HOOD, n. The state of the dead. Pearson.
DEAD'LI-NESS, (ded'li-nes) n. The quality of being
deadly.
DEADLY, (ded'ly) a. 1. That may occasion death ; mortal ,
fatal ; destructive. 2. Mortal ; implacable ; aiming to kiil
or destroy.
DEAD'LY, (ded'ly) adv. 1. In a manner resembling death.
2. Mortally. 3. Implacably ; destructively. 4. In a vul-
o-ff.r or ludicrous sense, very ; extremely.
DEAD'LY-€AR'ROT, n. A plant of the genus thapsia.
DEAD'LY-NlGHT'SHADE, n. A plant of the genus at-
ropa.
DEAD'NESS, (ded'nes) n. 1. Want of natural life or vital
power, in an animal or plant. 2. Want of animation ,
dullness ; languor. 3. Want of warmth or ardor ; cold-
ness ; frigidity. 4. Vapidness ; want of spirit. 5. State
of being incapable of conception, according to the ordi-
nary laws of nature. 6. Indifference ; mortification of the
natural desires ; alienation of heart from temporal pleas-
ures.
DEAD'NET-TLE, n. A plant of the genus lamium, and
another of the genus galeopsis. ■*
DEAD'PLEDGE, n. A mortgage or pawning of thmgs, or
thing pawned. Bailey.
DEAD'-RE€K'ON-ING, n. In navigation, the judgment or
estimation of the place of a ship, without any observation
of the heavenly bodies ; or an account of the distance she
has run by the log, and of the course steered by the com-
pass, and this rectified by due allowances for drift, lee-
way, &c.
DEAD'STRU€K, a. Confounded ; struck with horror.
DEAD'WA-TER, n. The eddy water closing in with a
ship's stern, as she passes through the water.
DEAD'WOOD, n. Blocks of timber laid on the keel of a
ship, particularly at the extremities,
DEAD'WoRKS, n. The parts of a ship which are above the
surface of the water, when she is balanced for a voyage.
*DeAF, (deef) a. [Sax. deaf; Ice. dauf; B. doof. This
word is generally pronounced, in this country, so as to
rhyme with leaf, sheaf, &c., according to the uniform anal-
ogy of words of this kind. Sucli was the pronunciation
in England, as late, at least, as the time of Temple and
Prior ; since which def has been introduced, which is the
Danish and Swedish pronunciation. J I. Not perceiv-
ing sounds ; not receiving impressions from sonorous
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOKj DOVE ;~B;JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J : S as Z 3 CH as SH • TH as in this, t Obsolete
DEA
222
DEB
bodies through the au". 2. Wanting the sense of hearing ;
having organs which do not perceive sounds. — 3. In a met-
aphorical sense, not listening ; not regarding ; not moved,
persuaded or convinced ; rejecting. 4. Without the abil-
ity or will to regard spiritual things ; unconcerned. 5.
Deprived of the power of hearing; deafened. 6. Stifled;
imperfect ; obscurely heard.
* DEAF, V. U To deafen Dryden.
DEAFE'LY, a. Lonely ; solitary ; far from neighbors.
*DkAF'EN, (deeffu) v t. 1. To make deaf; to deprive of
the power of hearing ; to impair the organs of hearing, so
as to render them unimpressible to sounds. 2. To stun ;
lo_render incapable of perceiving sounds distinctly.
* DeAF'LY, (deef ly) adv. Without sense of sounds ; ob-
scjirely heard.
*DeAF'NESS, (deef'nes) n. 1. Incapacity of perceiving
sounds ; the state of the organs which prevents the im-
pressions which constitute hearing. 2. Unwillingness to
hear and regard ; voluntary rejection of what is addressed
to the ear and to the understanding.
Deal, v. t.; pret. and pp. dealt, pron. delt. [Sax. dmlan,
bediBlan, gedalan.] 1. To divide ; to part ; to separate ;
hence, to divide in portions ; to distribute. 2. To scatter;
to throw about. 3. To throw out in succession ; to give
one after another. 4. To distribute the cards of a pack to
tiie players.
Deal, v. i. 1. To traffick ; to trade ; to negotiate. 2. To
act between man and man ; to intervene ; to transact or
iiegotiate between men. 3. To behave well or ill ; to act ;
to conduct one's self in relation to others. 4. To distrib-
ute cards.
To deal by. To treat, either well or ill.— To (^eaHra. 1. To
have to do with ; to be engaged, in ; to practice. 2. To
trade in. — To deal with. 1. To treat in any liaanner ; to -
use well or HI. 2. To contend with ; to treat with, by
way of opposition, check or correction. 3. fo treat with
by way of discipline, in ecclesiastical affairs ; to admon-
i_sh. .y^y^-s>-
Deal, n. [Sax. dml, dal, gedal'.]'^!. Literally, a division ;
a part or portion : hence, an indefinite quantity, degree or
extent. 2. The division or distribution of cards ; the art
or practice of dealing cards. 3. The division of a piece
of timber made by sawing ; a board or plank.
DE-AL'BATE, v. t. [L. dealbo.] To whiten. [Little used.]
DE-AL-Ba'TION, w. The act of bleaching; a whitening.
DeAL'ER, n. 1. One who deals ; one who has to do with
any thing, or has concern with. 2. A trader ; a traffick-
er ; a shopkeeper ; a broker ; a merchant ; a word of very
extensive use. 3. One who distributes cards to the play-
ers.
DeAL'ING, pjjr. 1. Dividing; distributing; throwing out.
2. Trading ; trafficking ; negotiating. 3. Treating ; be-
having.
DeAL'ING, n. 1. Practice ; action ; conduct ; behavior.
2. Conduct in relation to otiiers; treatment. 3. Inter-
course in buying and selling ; traffick ; business ; nego-
tiation. 4. Intercourse of business or friendship ; con-
cern.
t DE-AM'BU-LATE, v. i. [L. deambulo.] To walk abroad.
DE-AM-BU-La'TION, n. The act of walking abroad.
Ehjot.
DE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to walks.
DE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, n. A place to walk in.
DeAN, n. [Fr. doyen ; Arm. dean ; Sp. dean, decano.] I.
In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary in cathedral and
collegiate churches, and the head of a chapter ; the sec-
ond dignitary of a diocese. 2. An officer in each college
of the universities in England. — 3. In the United States,
an officer in a medical school.
DeAN'ER-Y, n. 1. The office or the revenue of a dean. 2.
The house of a dean. Shak. 3. The jurisdiction of a
dean. — Dean and chapter are the bishop's council, to aid
him with their advice in affairs of religion, and in the
temporal concerns of his see.
DeAN'SHIP, n. The office of a dean.
Dear, a. [Sax. deor.] 1. Scarce; not plentiful; [obs.]
Shak. 2. Bearing a high price in comparison of the usual
price ; more costly than usual ; of a higher price than the
customary one. 3. Of a high value in estimation ; great-
'y^ valued ; beloved ; precious.
Dear, a. [Sax. derian.] Hurtful ; grievous ; hateful.
Shak.
IDeAR, v. t. To make dear. Shelton.
DEAR, n. A darling ; a word denoting tender affection or
endearment ; as, my dear.
DeAR'BOUGHT, a. Purchased at a high price.
DeAR'LING. See Darling.
DeAR'LoVED, a. Greatly beloved. Shak.
DEAR'LY, adv. 1. At a high price. 2. With great fond-
ness.
jDEARN, a. [Sax. deorn.] Lonely; solitary; melancholy.
Shak.
DeAR'NESS, %. 1. Scaicity; high price, or a higher price
than the customary one. 2. Fondness ; nearness to the
heart or affections ; great value in estimation ; precious-
ness ; tender love.
t DEARN'LY, adv. Secretly ; privately. See Dernlt.
DEARTH, (derth) n. 1. Scarcity. 2. Want; need ; famine
3. Barrenness; sterility. \
fDE-AR-Tie'U-LATE, v. t. To disjoint.
DEATH, (deth) n. [Sax. death.] 1. That state of a being,
aniniEJ or vegetable, but more particularly of an animal,
in which there is a total and permanent cessation of all
the vital functions, when the organs have not only ceas
ed to act, but have lost the susceptibility of renewed action
2. The state of the dead. 3. The manner of dying. 4
Tlie image of mortality represented by a skeleton. 5
Murder. 6. Cause of death. 7. Destroyer or agent of
death.— 8. In poetry, the means or instrument of death.
— 9. In theology, perpetual separation from God, and eter-
nal torments ; called the second death. Rev. ii. 10. Sep-
aration or alienation of the soul from God ; a being under
the dominion of sin, and destitute of grace or divine life;
called spiritual death. — Civil death is the separation of u
man from civil society, or from the enjoyment ef civil
rights ; as by banishment.
DEATH'-BED, (deth'bed) n. The bed on which a person
dies, or is confined in his last sickness.
DEATH'-BoD-ING, a. Portending death. Shak.
DEATH'-DART-ING, a. Darthig or inflicting death.
DEATH'S'-DoOR, 71. A near approach to death ; the gates
of death. Taylor.
DEATH'FUL, a. Full of slaughter ; murderous ; destruc-
tive.
DEATH'FUL-NESS, n. Appeai-ance of death. Taylor.
DEATH'LESS, a. Immortal ; not subject to death, destruc
tion or extinction.
DEATH'LiKE, a. 1. Resembling death ; gloomy ; still ,
calm ; quiet ; peaceful ; motionless ; like death in horror
or in stillness. 2. Resembling death ; cadaverous.
DEATH'S'-MAN, n. An executioner ; a hangman.
DEATH'-SHAD-OWED, a. Surrounded by the shades of
death. More.
DEATH'-To-KEN, n. That which indicates approachijig
death. Shak.
DEATH'WARD, adv.. Toward death. Bcanmont.
DEATH'-WATCH, n. A small insect whose ticking is
weakly supposed to prognosticate death.
DE-AU'RATE, v. t. [L. deauro.] To gild ^Little used.]
DE.AU'RATF,a Gilded.
fDE-AU-RA'TION, n. The act of gilding.
tDE-BA€'€HATE, v.i. [Ij. debacchor.] To rage or roai
after the manner of drunkards. Cockeram.
t DE-BA€-€Ha'TI0N, n. A raging ; a madness,
DE-BA€'LE, n. [Fr.] A breaking or bursting forth.
DE-BAR', V. t. To cut off from entrance ; to preclude , to
hinder from approach, entry or enjoyment ; to shut out
or exclude.
t DE-BARB', V. t. To deprive of the beard.
DE-BARK', V. t. [Fr. debarquer.] To land from a ship or
boat ; to remove from on board any water-craft, and place
on land; to disembark. [It is less used than disem-
bark.]
DE-BARK', V. i. To leave a ship or boat and pass to the
land.
DE-BAR-Ka'TION, n. The act of disembarking.
DE-BARK'ED, (de-barkf) pp. Removed to land from on
board a ship or boat.
DE-BARK'ING, ppr. Renr.oving from a ship to the land ;
going from on board a vessel.
DE-BAR'RED, (de-bard') pp. Hindered from approach, en-
trance or possession.
DE-BAR'RING, ppr. Preventing from approach, entrance
or enjoyment.
DE-BaSE', v.t. 1. To reduce from a higher to a lower
state or rank, in estimation. 2. To reduce or lower in
quality, purity, or value ; to adulterate. 3. To lower or
degrade ; to make mean or despicable. 4. To sink in
purity or elegance ; to vitiate by meanness.
DE-BaS'ED, (de-baste') pp. Reduced in estimated rank •
lowered in estimation ; reduced in purity, fineness, qual-
ity or value ; adulterated ; degraded ; rendered mean.
DE-BaSE'MENT, n. The act of debasing ; degradation ;
reduction of purity, fineness, quality or value ; adultera-
tion ; a state of being debased.
DE-BaS'ER, n. One who debases or lowers in estimation,
or in value ; one who degrades or renders mean ; thai
which debases.
DE-BaS'ING, p;pr. I. Reducing in estimation or worth;
adulterating ; reducing in purity or elegance ; degrading ;
rendering mean. 2. a. Lowering ; tending to debase or
degrade.
DE-BaT'A-BLE, a. That may be debated; disputable;
subject to controversy or contention.
DE-BaTE', n. [Fr. debat.] 1. Contejition in words or argu-
ments ; discussion for elucidating truth ; strife in argu-
ment or reasoning, between persons of different opinions ;
dispute ; controversy. 2. Strife ; contention. 3. The
♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete
DEB
223
DEC
power of being disputed. — 4. Debate or debates, the pub-
lished report of arguments for and against a meaisure.
D£-BaTE'j v. t. [Fr. debattre.] To contend for in words or
arguments ; to strive to maintain a cause by reasoning ; to
dispute ; to discuss 3 to argue ; to contest, as opposing
parties.
DE-BaTE', v. i. 1. To debate on or in, to deliberate ; to dis-
cuss or examine different arguments in the mind. 2. To
dispute. 3. To engage in combat ; [not in iise.]
DE-BaT'ED, pp. Disputed ; argued ; discussed.
DE-BaTE'FUL, a. 1. Of things, contested ; occasioning
contention'.' Spenser. 2. Of persons, quarrelsome ; con-
tentious. [Little used.]
DE-BaTE'FUL-LY, adv. With contention. Sherwood.
DE-BaTE'MENT, n. Controversy ; deliberation. [Little
used.] Shak.
DE-BaT'ER, n. One w^ho debates j a disputant ; a contro-
vertist.
DE-BaT'ING, ppr. Disputing ; discussing j contending by
arguments.
DE-BAUCH', v. t. [Fr. debaucher.] 1. To corrupt or vitiate.
2. To corrupt with lewdness. 3. To seduce from duty
or allegiance.
DE-BAUCH', n. [Fr. debanche.} Excess in eating or drink-
ing V intemperance ; drunkenness; gluttony; lewdness.
DE-BAUCH'ED, (de-bauchf) pp. Corrupted; vitiated in
morals or purity of character.
DE-BAUCH'ED-LY, adv. In a profligate manner.
DE-BAUC_H'ED-NESS, 71. Intemperance. Bp. Hall.
DEB-AU-CHEE', n. A man given to intemperance, or
bacchanalian excesses. But chiefly, a man habitually
lewd.
DE-BAUCH'ER, n. One who debauches or corrupts others ;
a se'ducer to lewdness, or to any dereliction of duty.
DE-BAUCH'ER-Y, 71. 1. Excess in the pleasures of the Ca-
ble •" gluttony ; intemperance. But chiefly, habitual lewd-
ness ; excessive unlawful indulgence of lust. 2. Corrup-
tion of fidelity ; seduction from duty or allegiance.
DE-BAUCH'MENT, n. The act of debauching or corrupt-
ing';" the act of seducing from virtue or duty.
DE-BAUCH'NESS, \ p„„„™
de-baucht'Ness, \ "• -«^^<^ess-
{ glllELATE, ( ^- *• CL- '^^^^""•J To subdue.
t DE-BEL-La'TION, 71. The act of conquering or subdu-
ing.
DE-BENT'URE, n. [Fr ] 1 A writing acknowledging a
debt ; a writing or certificate signed by a public officer, as
evidence of a debt due to some person.— 2. In the ciz-s-
toms, a certificate of drawback ; a writing which states
that a person is entitled to a certain sum from the govern-
ment, on the exportation of specified goods, the duties on
which had been paid.
DE-BENT'URED, a. Debentnred goods are those for v/hich
a debenture has been given, as being entitled to draw-
back.
DEB'iLE, a. [L. debilis ; Fr. debile.] Relaxed ; weak ; fee-
ble ; languid ; faint ; without strength. Shak.
DE-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. [L. debilito.] To weaken ; to impair
the strength of; to enfeeble ; to make faint or languid.
DE-BIL'I-TA-TED, 2>i?. Weakened; enfeebled; relaxed.
DE-BIL'I-TA-TING, ppr. Weakening ; enfeebling ; im-
pairing strength.
DE-BIL-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of weakening ; relaxa-
tion.
DE-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. debilitas.] Relaxation of the solids ;
weakness ; feebleness ; languor of body ; faintness ; im-
becility.
DEB'IT, n. [L. debitum.] Debt. It is usually written debt.
But it is used in mercantile language ; as, the debit side of
an account.
DEB'IT, V. t. 1. To charge with debt. 2. To enter an ac-
count on the debtor side of a book.
DEB'IT-ED, ;}77. 1. Charged in debt; made debtor on ac-
count. 2. Charged to one's debt, as money or goods.
DEB'IT-ING, ppr. 1. Making debtor on account, as a per-
son. 2. Charging to the debt of a person, as goods.
DEB'IT-OR, 71. A debtor. Shak.
DEB-ON-NaIR', a. [Fr.] Civil; well-bred; complaisant;
elegant. Milton.
+ DEB-ON NaIR'I-TY, n. Graciousness ; gentleness ; ele-
gance of manners. Donne.
t DEB-ON-NaIR'LY, adv. Elegantly ; with a genteel air.
JDEB-ON-NaIR'NESS, 72. Civility ; complaisance. Sterne.
DE-B5UCH', V. i. [Fr. deboucher.] To issue or march out
of a narrow place, or from defiles, as troops.
DE-BRIS', (de-bree') 7!. [Fr.] Fragments; rubbish; ruins;
applied particularly to the fragments of rocks.
DEBT, (det) n. [L. debitum.] 1. That which is due from
one person to another, whether money, goods, or ser-
vices ; that which one person is bound to pay or perform
to another. 2. That which any one is obliged to do or to
sufier— 3. In law, an action to recover a debt. — 4. In
Scripture, sin ; trespass ; guilt ; crime ; that which ren-
ders liable to punishment.
fDEBT'ED, (det'ted)^?;). Indebted; obliged to. Shak.
DEBT-EE', (det-tee') n. A creditor ; one to whom a debt is
due. Blackstone.
DEBT'LESS, (defies) a. Free from debt. Chaucer.
DEBT'OR, (det'tor) n. [L. debitor.] 1. The person who
owes another either money, goods or services. 2. One
who is under obligation to do something. 3. The side of
an account in which debts are charged. See Debit.
t DEB-UL-LI"TION, n. A bubbling or seething over.
DE-BUT', (de-bu') 72. [Fr.] A very modern expression, de-
noting the commencement or opening of a discourse or
any design.
DE€'A-€HORD, ) n. [Gr. ^sKa and X°9^^^^ 1- A mu-
DE€-A-€HORD'ON, \ sical instrument of ten strings. 2
Something consisting of ten parts.
fDEC-A-CU'MI-NA-TED, a. ["L. decacuminatus.] Having
the top or point cut off.
DEC'A-DAL, a. Pertaining to ten ; consisting of tens.
DECADE, 71. [L. decas, decadis ; Fr. decade.] The sum or
number often ; an aggregate consisting often.
DE-CADENCE, ) ^ See Decay
DE-Ca'DEN-CY, \ "• ■L'ecay. nee uecay.
DECA-GON, 7!. [Gr. Seica and ycovia.] In geometry, a plane
figure having ten sides and ten angles.
DE€'A-GRAM, 71 [Gr. SEKa,ai\i gram.] A French weight
often grams, equal to 5 drams, 65 decimals, avoirdupois.
DE€'A-GYN, 71. [Gr. Seku and yuvrj.] In botany, a plant
having ten pistils.
DE€-A-GYN'I-AN, a. Having ten pistils.
DE€-A-He'DRAL, a. Having ten sides.
DEC-A-Hk DRON, 71. [Gr. ?i£Ka and e^pa.] In geometry, a
figure or body having ten sides.
DE€'A-LIT-ER, 72. [Gr. ^fKa, and Zifer.] A French meas-
ure of capacity, containing ten liters.
DE-CAX.'0-GIST, n. One who explains the decalogue.
DECA-LOGUE, (dek'a-log) 71. [Gr. ^Ka and ^Koyoi.] The
ten commandments or precepts given by God to Moses.
DE-€AM'E-TER, 71. [Gr. ?itKa and fttrpov.] A French
measure of length, consisting of ten metres, and equal tc
393,71 Englishlnches.
DE-eAMP',"2). i. [Fr. decamper.] To remove or depart from
a camp ; to march off.
DE-€AMP'MENT, n. Departure from a camp ; a march-
ing off.
DE€'iV-NAL, a. Pertaining to a deanery.
DE-CAN'DER, 72. [Gr. ^zKa and avrjg.] In botany, a plant
having ten stamens.
DE-CAN'DRI-AN, a. Having ten stamens.
DE-€AN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. iena, and angular.] Having ten
angles. Lee.
DE-CANT', V. t. [L. decanto.] To pour off gently, as liquor
from its sediment ; or to pour from one vessel into cin-
other.
DE-CAN-Ta'TION, 72. The act of pouring liquor gently
from its lees or sediment, or from one vessel into another.
DE-CANT'ED, pp. Poured off, or from one vessel into an-
other.
DE-CANT'ER, 72. 1. A vessel used to decant liquors, or
for receiving decanted liquors. A glass vessel or bottle
used for holding wine or other liquors. 2. One who
decarls liquors.
DE-€ANT'ING, ppr. Pouring off, as liquor from its lees, or
from one vessel to another.
DE-CAP'I-TATE, v. t. [L. decapito.] To behead ; to cut
off the head.
DE-€AP-I-Ta'TI0N, 71. The act of beheading.
DE-€APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. Seku and <pv\\ov.] Having
ten leaves. Mariyn.
DE-CAR'BON-iZE, v. t. To deprive of carbon.
DE-€AR'BON-lZED, pp. Deprived of carbon.
DE-CXR'BON-I-ZING, ppr. Depriving of carbon.
DEC'A-STICH, 72. [Gr. OEKa and CTi')(oi.] A poem consist-
ing of ten lines.
DEC'A-STyLE, 72. [Gr. ?i£Ka and arvXoi.] A building with
an ordnance of ten columns in front.
DE-CaY', v. i. [Fr. dechoir.] 1. To pass gradually from a
sound, prosperous or perfect state, to a less perfect state,
or towards destruction ; to fail ; to decline ; to be gradu-
ally impaired. 2. To become weaker ; to fail.
DE-CaY', v. t. To cause to fail ; to impair ; to bring to a
worse state. [Rarely used.]
DE-€aY'', 72. 1. Gradual failure of health, strength, sound-
ness, prosperity, or any species of excellence or perfec-
tion ; decline to a worse or less perfect state ; tendeiicy
towards dissolution or extinction ; a state of depravation
or diminution. 2. Declension from prosperity ; decline
of fortune. 3. Cause of decay ; [notu^^lal.]
DE-CaYED, (de-kade') pp. Having fallen from a good or
sound state ; impaired ; weakened ; diminished-
* See »ynopds. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «A2.s f Obsolete.
DEC
224
DEC
lii!:-€AY'EB-NE?S, n. A state of being impaired ; decayed
state.
i>E-€aY'ER,7?. That which causes decay. Shak.
DE-€AY'ING,ppr. Failing ; declining ; passing from a good,
prosperous or sound state, to a worse condition } perish-
ing.
DE-€aY'ING, n. Decay ; decline.
DECEASE',?!. [L. decess-us.] Literally, departure 3 hence,
departure from this life ; death.
DE-CkASE', v. i. To depart from this life ; to die.
DE-CeAS'ED, (de-seesf) pp. or a. Departed from life. This
is usjd as a passive participle.
DE-CEAS'ING, ppr. Departing from life ; dying.
DE-Ce'DENT, n. [L. decedens.] A deceased person. Laws
of Penn.
DE-CeIT', n. [Norm, deceut ; L. deceptio.] 1. Literally, a
catching or msnaring. Hence, the misleading of a per-
son ; the leading of another person to believe what is
false, or not to believe what is true, and thus to insnare
him ; fraud ; fallacy ; cheat. >2. Stratagem ; artifice ; de-
vice intended to mislead.— 3. In Scripture, that which is
obtained bv guile, fraud or oppression.— 4. In law, any
trick, device, craft, collusion, shift, covin or undeihand
practice, used to defraud another.
DE-CeIT'PUL, a. 1. Tending to mislead, deceive or in-
snare. 2. "Full of deceit ; trickish ; fraudulent ; cheating.
DE-CeIT'FUL-LY, adv. In a deceitful manner 5 fraudu-
lently ; with deceit ; in a manner or with a view to de-
DE-CeIT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Tendency to mislead or de-
ceive. 2. The quality of being fraudulent. 3. The dis-
position to deceive.
DE-CeIT'LESS, a. Free from deceit. Hall.
DE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. 1. Subject to deceit or imposition ;
capable of being misled or entrapped ; exposed to impos-
ture. 2. Subject or apt to produce error or deception ; de-
ceitful.
DE-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Liableness to be deceived.
2. Liableness to deceive.
DE-CeIVE', v. t. [L. decipio ; Fr. decevoir.] I. To mislead
the mind ; to cause to err ; to cause to believe what is
false, or disbelieve what is true ; to impose on ; to delude.
2. To beguile ; to cheat. 3. To cut off from expectation ;
to frustrate or disappoint. 4. To take from ; to rob ; [not
used.'] Bacon.
DE-CeIV'ED, (de-seevd') pp. Misled ; led into error ; be-
guiled ; cheated ; deluded.
DE-CeIV'ER, n. One who deceives ; one who leads into
error ; a cheat ; an impostor.
DE-CkIY'ING. ppr. Misleading; insnaring; beguiling;
cheating.
DE-CEM'BER, n. [L. December.] The last month in the
year, in which the sun enters the tropic of Capricorn, and
makes the winter solstice.
DE-CEM-DEN'TATE, a. [L. decern and dentatus.] Hav-
ing ten points or teeth.
DEC'EM-FID, a. [L. decern and fido.] Ten-cleft; divided
into ten parts ; having ten divisions.
DEC-EM-LOCU-LAR, a. [L. decern and loculus.] Having
ten cells for seeds.
DEC'EM-PE-DAL, a. [L. decern and pes.] Ten feet in
length.
DE-CEM'ViR, n. [L. decern and vir.] One of ten magis-
trates, who had absolute authority in ancient Rome.
DE-CEM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the decemvirs in Rome.
DE-CEM'YI-RATE, n. [L. decemviratus.] 1. The office or
term of office of the decemvirs or ten magistrates in Rome,
who had absolute authority for two years. 2. A body of
ten men in authority.
t De'CENCE. The same as decency.
DE'CEN-CY, n. [Fr. decence ; L, decentia.] 1. That which
is fit, suitable or becoming, in words or behavior ; pro-
priety of form, in social intercourse, in actions or dis-
course ; proper formality ; becoming ceremony. It has a
special reference to behavior. 2. Suitableness to char-
acter; propriety. 3. Propriety in speech; modesty; op-
posed to ribaldry, or obscenity.
DE-CEN'NA-RlT, 71. [h. decennis, decennium.] 1. A period
of ten year?. 2. A tithing consisting of ten freeholders
and their families.
DE-CEN'NI-AL, a. [L. decennalis,] Continuing for ten
years ; consisting of ten years ; or happenmg every ten
years.
DEC'EN-No-VAL, ) a. [L. decern and novem.] Pertain-
DE-CEN'NO-VA-RY, ] ing to the number nineteen ; des-
i^gnating a period or circle of nineteen years.
De'CENT, a. [L. decens ; Fr. decent.] 1. Becoming ; fit ;
suitable, in words, behavior, dress and ceremony. 2.
Comely ; not gaudy or ostentatious. 3. Not immodest.
— 4. In popular language, moderate, but competent ; not
large ; as, a decent fortune.
Das'CENT-LY, adv. 1. In a decent or becoming manner ;
with propriety of behavior or speech. 2. Without im-
modesty.
De'CENT-NESS, n. Decency.
DE-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being ca
pable or liable to be deceived.
DE-CEFTI-BLE, a. That may be deceived. Brown.
DE-CEP'TION, n. [L. deceptio.] 1. The act of deceiving
or misleading. 2. The state of being deceived or misled.
3. Artifice practiced ; cheat.
DE-CEP'TIOUS, a. Tending to deceive ; deceitful. Shak.
DE-CEP'TIVE, a. Tending to deceive ; having power to
mislead, or impress false opinions.
* DE-CEP'TO-RY, a. Tending to deceive ; containing qual
ities or means adapted to mislead,
f DE-CERN', V. t. [L. decerno.] To judge ; to estimate
t DE-CERPT', a. [L. decerptv^.] Cropped.
DE-CERP'TI-BLE, a. That may be taken off.
DE-CERP'TION, n. [L. decerpo ] A pulling or plucking
off, a cropping. Olanville.
DE-CER-Ta'TION, n. [L. decertatio.] Strife ; contest for
mastery. [Little used.] Brown.
DE-CES'SION, n. [L. decessio.] Departure. [Little used.}
DE-CHARM', V. t. [Fr. deckarmer.] To remove a spell or
enchantment ; to disenchant. Harvey.
DE-CHARM'ED, (de-charmd') pp. Disenchanted.
DE-CHARM'ING, ppr. Removing a spell.
DE-€HRIS'TIAN-lZE, v. t To turn from Christianity ; to
banish Christian belief and principles from. J. P. Smith.
DE-CiD'A-BLE, a. That may be decided. Jones.
DE-ClDE', V. t. [L. decido.] 1. To end ; to determine, as
a controversy. 2. To end or determine, as a dispute or
quarrel. 3. To end or determine a combat or battle. 4.
To determine ; to fix the event of. 5. In general, to end ;
to terminate.
DE-CiDE', V. i. To determine ; to form a definite opinion ;
to come to a conclusion.
DE CiD'ED, pp. Determined ; ended ; concluded.
DE-ClD'ED, a. That implies decision ; clear ; unequivocal ,
that puts an end to doubt. P. Henry.
DE-CiD'ED-LY, adv. In a decided or determined manner;
clearly ; indisputably,
t DE-Ci'DENCE, n. [L. decidens.] A falling off. Brown.
DE-ClD'ER, n. One who determines a cause or contest.
DE-ClD'ING, ppr. Determining; ending; concluding.
DE-CID'U-OUS, a. [L. decidnus.] Falling; not perennial
or permanent.' — In botany, a deciduous leaf is one which
falls in autumn.
DE-CID'U-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of falling once a
year.
DEC'I-GRAM, n. A French weight of one tenth of a gram.
De'CIL, n. An aspect or position of two planets, when
they are distant from each other a tenth part of the zo-
diac.
DEC'I-LIT-ER, n. A French measure of capacity equal to
one tenth of a liter.
DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. dccimus.] 1. Numbered by ten. 2
Increasing or diminishing by ten ; as, decimal fractions
3. Tenth.
DEC'I-MAL, n. A tenth.
DEC'I-MAL-LY, atZu. By tens ; by means of decimals.
DEC'I-MATE, V. t. [L. decimo.] 1, To tithe ; to take the
tenth part. 2. To select by lot and punish with death
every tenth man. 3. To take every te.ith.
DEC-I-Ma'TION, n. I. A tithing; a selection of every
tenth by lot. 2. The selecting by lot for punishment eve-
ry tenth man in a company or regiment, &c.
DEC'I-MA-TOR, n. One who selects every tenth man for
punishment. South.
DE-CIM'E-TER, n. A French measure of length equal to
the tenth part of a metre.
DEC'I-MO-SEX'TO, n. [L.] A book is in decimo-sexto,
when a sheet is folded into sixteen leaves. Taylor.
DE-CI'PHER, V. t. [Fr. dcchiffrer.] I. To find the alpha-
bet of a cipher ; to explain what is written in ciphers, by
finding what letter each character or mark represents.
2. To unfold ; to unravel what is intricate ; to explain
what is obscure or difficult to be understood. 3. To
write out ; to mark down in characters ; [uncommon.]
4. To stamp ; to mark ; to characterize ; [unusual.]
Shak.
DE-Ci'PHERED, pp. Explained ; unravelled ; marked.
DE-Ci'PHER-ER, n. One who explains what is written in
ciphers
DE-Cl'PHER-ING, ppr. Explaining ; detecting the letters
represented by ciphers ; unfolding ; marking.
DE-CIS'ION, n. [L. decisio.] 1. Determination, as of a
question or doubt ; final judgment or opinion, in a case
which has been under deliberation or discussion. 2. De-
termination of a contest or event ; end of a struggle. — 3,
In Scotland, a narrative or report of the proceedings of
the court of sessions. 4. Report of the opinions and de-
terminations of any tribunal. 5. Act of separation ; di-
vision ; [not used.]
DE-Ci'SIVE, a. 1. Having the power or quality of de
termining a question, doubt, or any subject of deliber-
ation ; final ; conclusive ; putting an end to controver-
* See Synopsis. 5, E, I, o, V, Y, long—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRD;— f Obsolete.
DEC
225
DEC
sy. 2 Having the power of determining a contest or
event.
DE-CI'SIVE-LY, adv. In a conclusive manner.
DE-CI'SIVE-NESS, n. 1. The power of an argument or of
evidence to terminate a difference or doubt ; conclusive-
ness. 2. The power of an event to put an end to a con-
test^
DE-Cl'SO-RY, a. Able to decide or determine.
DE€K, v.t. [D. dekken; G. decken] 1 Primarily, to
cover ; to overspread ; to put on. 2. To clothe ; to dress
• the person ; but usually, tO clothe with more than ordina-
ry elegance ; to array ; to adorn ; to embellish. 3. To
furnish with a deck, as a vessel.
DECK, n, 1. The covering of a ship, which constitutes a
floor, made of timbers and planks. 2. A pack of cards
piled regularly on each other.
DECKED, pp. Covered ; adorned ; furnished with a deck.
DECK'ER, ri. I. One who decks or adorns; a coverer. 2.
Of a ship, we say, she is a two-decker or a three-decker,
that is, she has two decks or three decks.
DECK'ING, ppr. Covering ; arraying ; adorning.
DECK'ING, 71. Ornament ; embellishment.
DE-CLaIM , ij. i. [L. declamo.] 1 . To speak a set oration
in public ; to speak rhetorically ; to make a formal speech,
or oration. 2. To harangue ; to speak loudly or earnest-
ly, to a public body or assembly, with a view to convince
their minds or move their passions.
DE-CLAIM', V. t. 1. To speak in public. 2. To speak in
favor of ; to advocate ; [not in tise.}
DE-CLaIM'ANT, ) n. I. One who declaims ; a speaker in
DE-CLaIM'ER, \ public ; one who attempts to convince
by a harangue. 2. One who speaks clamorously.
DE-CLAiai'ING, ppr. Speaking rhetorically ; haranguing.
DE-CLaIM'ING, 71. A harangue. Bp. Taylor.
DEC-LA-Ma'TION, n. [L. declamatio.] 1. A speech made
in public, in the tone and manner of an oration ; a dis-
course addressed to the reason or to the passions ; a set
speech ; a harangue. 2. A piece spoken in public, or in-
tended for the public.
t DEC-LA-Ma'TOR, n. A declaimer. Taylor.
DE-CLAM'A-TO-RY, a. [L. dedamatorius.] 1. Relating
to the practice of declaiming ; pertaining to declamation ;
treated in the manner of a rhetorician. 2. Appealing to
the passions ; noisy ; rhetorical without solid sense or ar-
gument.
DE-CLaR'A-BLE, a. That may be declared or proved.
DEC-LA-Ra'TION, 71. [L. declaratio.] 1. An affirmation ;
an open expression of facts or opinions ; verbal utterance.
2. Expression of facts, opinions, promises, predictions,
&c., in writings ; records or reports of what has been de-
clared or uttered. 3. Publication ; manifestation. 4. A
public annunciation ; proclamation. — 5. In laic, that part
of the process or pleadings in which the plaintiff sets forth
at large his cause of complaint ; the narration or count.
DE-CLAR'A-TlVE, a. 1. Making declaration ; explanato-
ry ; making show or manifestation. 2. Making procla-
mation or publication.
DE-CLAR'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. By declaration or exhibition .
DE-CLAR'A-TO-RY, a. Making declaration, clear mani-
festation or exhibition; expressive.
DE-CLaRE', v.t. [L. decla7-o.] 1. To clear; to free from
obscmity ; to make plain ; [obs.] Boyle. 2. To make
known ; to tell explicitly ; to manifest or communicate
plainly to others by words. 3. To make known ; to show
to the eye or to the understanding ; to exhibit ; to mani-
fest by other means than words. 4. To publish ; to pro-
claim. 5. To assert ; to affirm. — To declare one's self, to
throw off reserve, and avow one's opinion ; to show open-
ly what one thinks, or which side he espouses.
DE-CIilRE', V. i. 1. To make a declaration ; to proclaim
or avow some opinion or resolution in favor or in opposi-
tion ; to make known explicitly some determination. —
2. In law, to recite the causes of complaint against the
defendant. 3. To show or manifest the issue or event ;
to decide in favor of.
DE-CLaR'ED, (de-klard') pp. Made known ; told explicitly ;
avowed ; exhibited ; manifested ; pubUshed ; proclaimed ;
recited.
DE-CLaR'ED-LY, adv. Avowedly ; explicitly.
OE-CLaR'ER, n. One who makes known or publishes ;
that which exhibits.
DE-CLaR'ING, ppr. Making known by words or by other
means ; manifesting ; publishing ; affirming ; reciting the
cause of complaint.
UE-CLaR'ING, n. Declaration; proclamation.
DE-CLEN'SION, n. [L. declinatio.] 1. Literally, a leaning
back or down ; hence, a falling or declining towards a
worse state ; a tendency towards a less degree of excel-
lence or perfection. 2. Declination; a declining; de-
scent; slope. — 3. In ^ffl/awiar, inflection of nouns, adjec-
tives and pronouns ; the declining, deviation or leaning
of the termination of a word from the termination of the
nominative case ; change of termination to form the ob-
lique cases.
DE-CLTN'A-BLE, a. That may be declined ; changing its
termination in the oblique cases.
DEC'LI-KATE, a. [L. declinatus.] In botany, bending or
bent downwards, in a curve ; declining.
DEC-LI-Na'TION, n. 1. ^ leaning ; the act of bending
down. 2. A declining, or falling into a worse state ;
change from a better to a worse condition ; decay ; dete-
rioration ; gradual failure or diminution of strength, sound-
ness, vigor or excellence. 3. A deviation from a right
line, in a literal sense ; oblique motion. 4. Deviation from
rectitude in behavior or morals ; obliquity of condiict. —
5. In astronomy, a variation from a fixed point or line.
The distance of any celestial object from the equinoctial
line, or equator, either northward or southward.— 6. Dec-
lination of the compass or needle is the variation of the
needle from the true meridian of a place. — 7. In dialing,
the declination of a wall or plane is an arch of the hori-
zon, contained between the plane and the prime vertical
circle, if reckoned from the east or west, or between the
meridian and the plane, if you reckon from the north or
south.— 8. In grammar, declension ; or the inflection of a
noun through its various terminations.
DEC-LI-Na'TOR, I n. An instrument for taking the dec-
DE-CLIN'A-TO-RY, \ lination or inclination of a plane ;
an instrument in dialing. — Declinatory plea, in law, a
plea before trial or conviction.
DE-CLlNE', V. i. [L. declino.] 1. To lean downward. 2.
To lean from a right line ; to deviate. 3. To lean or de-
viate from rectitude ; to leave the path of truth or justice,
or the course prescribed. 4. To fall ; to tend or draw to-
wards the close. 5. To avoid or shun ; to refuse ; not to
comply ; not to do. 6. To fall ; to fail , to sink ; to de-
cay ; to be unpaired ; to tend to a less perfect state. 7.
To sink ; to diminish ; to fall in value.
DE-CLlNE', V. i. 1. To bend downward ; to bring down.
2. To bend to one side ; to move from a fixed point or
right line. 3. To shun or avoid ; to refuse ; not to engage
in ; to be cautious not to do or interfere ; not to accept or
comply with. 4. To inflect ; to change the termination
of a word, for forming the oblique cases.
DE-CLlNE', n. Literally, a leaning from ; hence, a falling
off ; a tendency to a worse state ; diminution or decay ;
deterioration.
DE-CLlN'ED, (de-klind') pp. Bent downward or from ; in-
flected.
DE-CLlN'ING, ppr. Leaning ; deviating ; falling ; failing ;
decaying ; tending to a worse state ; avoiding ; refusing ;
inflecting.
DE-CLIV'I-TY, n. [L. declivitas.] Declination from a hori-
zontal line ; descent of land ; inclination downward ; a
slope ; a gradual descent,
DE-CLi'VOUS, or DE-CLIV'I-TOUS, a. Gradually de-
scending ; not precipitous ; sloping.
DE-COCT', V. t. [L. decoquo, decoctum.] 1. To prepare by
boiling ; to digest in hot or boiling water. 2. To digest
by the heat of the stomach ; to prepare as food for nour-
ishing the body. 3. To boil in water, for extracting the
principles or virtues of a substance. 4. To boil up to a
consistence ; to invigorate.
DE-COCT'I-BLE, a. That may be boiled or digested.
DE-COC'TION, 71. [Fr. decoction.] 1. The act of boilmg a
substance in water, for extracting its virtues. 2. The
liquor in which a substance has been boiled ; water im-
pregnated with the principles of any animal or vegetable
substance boiled in it.
DE-COCT'IVE, a. That may be easily decocted.
DE-COCT'URE, n. A substance drawn by decoction.
De'COL-LATE, V. t. [L. decollo.] To behead. Burke.
Dk'COL-LA-TED, pp. Beheaded.
DE-COL-La'TION, 71. [1^. decollatic] The act of behead-
ing ; the act of cutting off the neck of an animal, and sev-
ering the head from the body.
DE-C6L-OR-a'TION, n. [L, decoloratio.] Absence of col-
or. Ferrand.
Dk'COM-PLEX, a. Compounded of complex ideas Locke.
DE-COM-Po'SA-BLE, a. That may be decomposed ; capa-
ble of being resolved into its constituent elements.
DE-COM-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. decomposer.'] To separate the
constituent parts of a body or substance ; to disunite ele
mentary particles combined by affinity or chemical attrac
tion ; to resolve into original elements.
DE-COM-PoS'ED, (de-kom-p6zd') ;»p. Separated or resolved
into the constituent parts.
DE-COM-PoS'ING, ppr. Separating into constituent
parts.
DE-COM-POS'ITE, a. [L. de and compositus.] Compounded
a second time ; compounded with things already com-
posite. Bacon.
DE-COM-PO-Sl"TION, n. 1. Analysis; the act of separa
ting the constituent parts of a substance, which are chem-
ically combined. 2. A second composition ; [in this sense
not Msed.] Boyle,
DE-eOM-POUND', v. t. 1. To compound a second time ,
to compound or mix with that which is already com-
See Synopsis.
MOVE, BOOK, DoVE-
-BULL, UNITE.— € as K i 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
DEC
226
DED
pound ; to form by a second composition. JVewton. 2. To
decompose ; [little xised.]
DE-CXDM-POUND', a. 1. Composed of tilings or words al-
ready compounded ; compounded a second time. Boyle.
2. A decompound leaf, in botary, is when the primary
petiole is so divided that each part forms a compound
leaf.
DE-€OM-POUND'A-BLE, a. That may be decompouCided.
DE-€OM-POUND'ED, pp. Compounded a second time j
composed of things alreaiV compounded.
DE-COM-POUND'ING, ppr. Compounding a second time.
1 DE€'0-RA-MENT, n. Ornament ; embellishment.
DECO-RATE, v. t. [L. decora.] 1. To adorn ; to beautify ;
to embellish ; used of external ornaments or apparel. 2.
To adoni with internal grace or beauty ; to render lovely.
3. To adorn or beautify with any thing agreeable ; to em-
bellish.
DEC'O-RA-TED, pp. Adorned ; beautified ; embellished.
J)Ee'0-RA-TING, ppr. Adorning 5 embellishing ; rendermg
beautiful to the eye, or lovely to the mnid.
J)E€-0-Ra'TION, 71. 1. Ornament; embellishment; any
thing added which renders more agreeable to the eye or
to the intellectual view.— 2. In architecture, any thing
which adorns and enriches an edifice, as vases, paintings,
figures, festoons, &c.— 3. In theatres, the scenes, which
are changed as occasion requires.
DE€'0-RA-TOR, n. One who adorns or embellishes.
*DE€'0-R0US, or DE-€o'ROUS, a. [L. decor us.] De-
cent ; suitable to a character, or to the time, place and
occasion ; becoming ; proper ; befitting.
* DE€'0-ROUS-LY, adv. In a becoming manner.
DE-€OR'TI-€ATE, v. t. [L. decortico.] To strip ofi" bark ;
to peel ; to husk ; to take off the exterior coat.
DE-COR TI-CA-TED, Pi?. Stripped of bark ; peeled; husk-
ed.
DE-€OR'TI-€A-TING, ppr. Stripping off bark or the ex-
ternal coat ; peeling.
DE-COR-TI-Ga'TION, 71. The act of stripping off bark or
husk.
DE-€o'RUM, n. [L.] 1. Propriety of speech or behavior;
suitableness of speech and behavior to one's own charac-
ter, and to the characters present, or to the place and oc-
casion ; seemliness ; decency ; opposed to rudeness, li-
centiousness or levity. — 2. In architecture, tlie suitable-
ness of a building, and of its parts and ornaments, to iis
place and uses.
DE-COY', V. t. [p. kocri.] To lead or lure by artifice into a
snare, with a view to catch ; to draw into any situation to
be taken by a foe ; to entrap by any m.eans which deceive.
DE-COY', n. 1. Any thing intended to lead into a snare ;
any lure or allurement that deceives and misleads into
evil, danger or the power of an enemy. 2. A place for
catching wild fowls.
DE-COY'-DUCK, n. A duck employed to draw others into
a net or situation to be taken.
DE-€OY'ED, (de-koyd') pp. Lured or drawn into a snare
or net ; allured into danger by deception.
DE-€OY'ING, ppr. Luring into a snare or net by deception ;
leading into evil or danger.
DE-€OY'-MAN, n. A man employed in decoying and
catchijig fowls.
DE-€ReASE', v. i. [L. decresco.] To become less ; to be
diminished gradually, in extent, bulk, quantity or amount,
or in strength, quality or excellence.
DE-€ReASE', v. t. To lessen ; to make smaller in dimen-
sions, amount, quality or excellence, &c. ; to diminish
gradually, or by small deductions.
DE-CPcEASE', n. 1. A becoming less ; gradual diminution ;
decay. 2. The wane of the moon , the gradual diminu-
tion "of the visible face of the moot from the full to the
change.
DE-€ReAS'ED, (de-kreesf) pp. Lessened ; diminished.
DE-€ReAS'ING, ppr. Becoming less ; diminishing ; wan-
ing.
DE-CREE', ??. [L. decretiim.] 1. Judicial decision, or deter-
mination of a litigated cause.— 2. In the civil law, a de-
termination, or judgment of the emperor on a suit between
parties 3. An edict or law made by a council for regu-
lating any business within their jurisdiction. — 4. In gen-
eral, an order, edict or law, made by a superior as a rule
to govern inferior. 5. Established law, or rule.— 6. In
theology, predetermined purpose of God.
DECREE', V. t. 1. To determine judicially ; to resolve by
sentence. 2. To determine or resolve legislatively; to
fix or appoint ; to set or constitute by edict or in purpose.
DE-CREED', pp. Detennined judicially ; resolved ; appoint-
ed ; established in purpose.
DE-CREE'ING, ppr. Determining ; resolving ; appointing ;
ordering.
DEC'RE-MENT, 71, [L.decrementiim.] 1. Decrease ; waste ;
the state of becoming less gradually. 2. The quantity lost
by gradual diminution or waste. — 3. In heraldry, the
wane of the moon. — 4. In crystalography , a successive
diminution of the lamens of molecules.
DE-CREP'IT, a. [L. decrepitus.] Broken down with age ;
wasted or worn by the iniirmities of old age ; being in the
last stage of decay ; weakened by age. Pope.
DE-CREP'I-TATE, v. t. [L. decrepo.] To roast or calcine
in a strong heat, with a continual bursting or crackling of
the substance.
DE-CREP'I-TATE, v.i. To crackle, as salts when roast
ing.
DE-CREP'I-TA-TED, pp. Roasted with a crackling noise.
DE-CREP'I-TA-TING, ppr. Crackling ; roasting with a
crackling noise ; suddenly bursting when exposed to heat.
DE-CREP-1-Ta'TION, 71. The act of roasting with a con-
tinual crackling ; or the separation of parts with a crack-
ling noise, occasioned by heat.
DE-€REP'IT-NESS, I n. The broken, crazy state of the
DE-CREP'I-TLT)E, \ body, produced by decay and the
infirmities of age.
DE-CRES'CENT, a. [L. decresceiis.] Decreasing ; becom-
ing less by gradual diminution.
DE-€Re'TAL, a. Appertaining to a decree ; containing a
decree ._
* DE-€Re'TAL, 71. 1. A letter of the pope, determining
some point or question in ecclesiastical law. 2. A book
of decrees or edicts ; a body of laws. 3. A collection of
the pope's decrees.
t DE-€Re'TION, n. A decreasmg. Pearson.
DE-€Re'TIST, 71. One who studies or professes the knowl-
edge of the decretals.
DECRE-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a definitive manner.
DEC'RE-TO-RY, a. 1. Judicial ; definitive ; established by
a decree. 2. Critical ; determining ; in which there is
some definitive ev^eut.
t DE-CREW, V. i. To decrease.
DE-€Rl'AL, n. A crying down ; a clamorous censure ;
condemnation by censure.
DE-CRl'ED, (de-kride') pp. Cried down ; discredited ;
brought into disrepute.
DE-CRl'ER, 71. One who decries.
DE-CROWN', v.t. To deprive of a crown. [Little used.]
DE-CROWN' [NG, n. The act of depriving of a crown.
DE-€RUS-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr. decrustation.] An uncrusting.
DE-CRY', V. t. [Fr. decrier.] 1. To cry down ; to censure
as faulty, mean or worthless ; to clamor against ; to dis-
credit by finding fault. 2. To cry down, as improper or
unnecessary ; to rail or clamor against ; to bring into dis-
repute ; as, to decry the measures of administration.
DEC-U-Ba'TION, n. [L. decumbo.] The act of lying down,
Evelyn.
DE-CUM'BENCE, ) 71. [L. decumbcns.] The act of lying
DE-CUM'BEN-CY, ] down ; the posture of lying down.
DE-CUM'BENT, a. In botany, declined or bending down ;
having the stamens and pistils bending down to the lower
side.
DE-CUM'BI-TURE, n. 1. The time at which a person
takes to his bed in a disease. — 2. In astrology, the scheme
or aspect of the heavens, by which the prognostics of re-
covery or death are discovered.
DEC'U-PLE, a. [L. decuplus.] Tenfold; containing ten
times as many.
DEC'U-PLE, 71. A number ten times repeated.
DE-Cu'RI-ON, 71. [L. decurio.] An officer in the Roman
army, who commanded a decuria, or ten soldiers.
DE-CUR'RENT, a. [L. decurreiis.] Extending downwards.
Mart7j7i.
DE-CUR'SION, 71. [L. decursio.] The act of running down,
as a stream. Hale.
DE-CUR 'SIVE, a. Running down — Decursivehj pinnate.
in botany, applied to a leaf having the leaflets decurrentj
or running along the petiole.
t DE-CURT', v. t. [L. decurto.] To shorten by cutting off.
DE-CUR-Ta'TION, 7?. [L. decurto.] The act of shorten-
ing, or cutting short.
DEC'U-RY, n. [L. decuria.] A set of ten men under an
officer called decurio.
* De'CUS-SATE, or DE-CUS'SATE, v. t. [L. decusso.]
To intersect ; to cross ; as lines, rays, or nerves in the
bnriv.
* De'CUS-SATE, ) a. Crossed ; intersected.— In botany,
* De'CUS-SA-TED, \ decussated leaves and branches are
such as grow in pairs, which alternately cross each other
at_right angles, or in a regular manner. Lee.
* De'CUS-SA-TING, ppr. Intersecting at acute angles ;
crossing.
DE-CUS-Sa'TION, 71. The act of crossing at unequal an-
gles ; the crossing of two lines, rays or nen'es, which
meet in a point, tmd then proceed and diverge.
DE-Da'LI-AN, a. [from Dcedalus.] Various ; variegated ;
intricate ; complex ; expert.
DED'A-LOUS, a. [from Dcedalus.] Having a margin with
various windings and turnings ; of a beautiful and deli-
cate texture. Lee.
t DE-DEC'O-RATE, v. t. [L. dedecoro.] To disgrace.
t DE-DEC-O-Ra'TION, n. A disgracing.
DE-DEC'0-ROUS. a. Disgraceful ; reproachful.
See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY :— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— t Obsolete
DEE
227
DEF
DE-DEN-Tl' TION, n. The shedding of teeth.
DED'I-eATE, V. t. [L. dedico.] 1. To set apart and conse-
crate to a divine Being, or to a sacred purpose ; to devote
to a sacred use, by a solemn act, or by religious ceremo-
nies 2. To appropriate solemnly to any person or pur-
pose ; to give wholly or chiefly to. 3. To inscribe or
address to a patron.
DED'I-eATE, a. Consecrated ; devoted ; appropriated.
Shak.
DED'I-€A-TED, pp. Devoted to a divine Being, or to a
sacred use ; consecrated ; appropriated ; given wholly to.
DED'I-€A-TING, ppr. Devoting to a divine Being, or to
a sacred purpose ; consecrating ; appropriating ; giving
wholly to.
DED-I-Ca'TION, w. 1. The act of consecrating to a divine
Being, or to a sacred use, often with religious solemnities ;
solemn appropriation. 2. The act of devoting or giving
to. 3. An address to a patron, prefixed to a book, testify-
ing respect, and recommending the work to his protection
and favor.
DED'I-€A-T0R, n. One who dedicates ; one who inscribes
a book to the favor of a patron. Pope.
DED'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Composing a dedication.
DE-DI"TION, n. [L. deditio.] The act of yielding any
thing ; surrendry. Hale.
t DED^O-LENT, a. [L. dedoleo.] Feeling no compunction.
DE-DuCE', V. t. [L. deduco.] 1. To draw from ; to bring
from. 2. To draw from, in reasoning ; to gather a truth,
opinion or proposition from premises ; to infer something
from what precedes. Locke. 3. To deduct ; [not in use.]
B. Jonson. 4. To transplant ; [not in use.] Selden.
DE-DuC'ED, (de-dusf) pp. Drawn from ; mferred ; as a
consequence from principles or premises.
DE-DtJCE'MENT, n. The thing drawn from or deduced ;
inference ; that which is collected from premises. Dryden.
DE-DuC'I-BLE, a. That may be deduced ; inferable ; col-
lectible by reason from premises ; consequential.
DE-DuC'ING, ppr. Drawing from ; inferring ; collecting
froni principles or facts already established or known.
DE-DU'CIVE, a. Performing the act of deduction. [L. u.]
DE-DUCT', V. t. [L. deduco, dcductum.] To take from ; to
subtract ; to separate or remove, in numbering, estimating
or calculating.
DE-DUCT'ED, pp. Taken from ; subtracted.
DE-DUCT'ING, ppr. Taking from ; subtracting.
DE-DUCTION, 71. [h. deductio.] 1. The act of deducting,
2. That which is deducted ; sum or amount taken from
another ; defalcation ; abatement. 3. That which is
drawn from premises ; fact, opinion or hypothesis, col-
lected from principles or facts stated, or established data ;
inference ; consequence drawn ; conclusion.
DE-DU€T'IVE, a. Deducible ; that is or may be deduced
from premises. Olanville.
DE-DUCT'IVE-LY, adv. By regular deduction ; by way of
inference ; by consequence. Broken.
DEED, n. [Sax. d^Bd.] 1. That which is done, acted or ef-
fected ; an act ; a fact. 2. Exploit ; achievement ; illus-
trious act. 3. Power of action ; agency. 4. A writing
containing some contract or agreement, and the evidence
of its execution ; particularly, an instrument on paper or
parchment, conveying real estate to a purchaser or donee.
— Indeed, in fact ; in reality. These words are united,
and called an adverb.
DEED, V. t. To convey or transfer by deed ; a popular use
of the word in America.
DEED'-A-CHIeV'ING, a. That accomplishes great deeds.
DEED'LESS, a. Inactive ; not performing or having per-
formed deeds or exploits. Pope.
DEED'-PoLL, n. A deed not indented, that is, shaved or
even, made by one party only. Blackstone.
fDEED'Y, a. Active; industrious.
DEEM, V. t. [Sax. deman.] 1. To think ; to judge ; to be
of opinion ; to conclude on consideration. 2. To esti-
mate ; [obs.] Spenser
DEEM, V. i. To judge ; to think ; to estimate.
t DEEM, 71. Opinion ; judgment ; surmise. Shak.
DEEMED, pp. Thought j judged ; supposed.
DEEM'ING, ppr. Thinkmg ; judging ; believing.
DEEM'STER, n. [deem and ster.] A judge in the Isle of
Man, and in Jersey. Johnson.
DEEP, a. [Sax.deop,dypa; B.diep.] 1. Extending or being
far below the surface ; descending far downward ; pro-
found ; opposed to shallow. 2. Low in situation ; being
or descending far below the adjacent land. 3. Entering
far ; piercing a great way. 4. Far from the outer part ;
secreted. 5. Not superficial or obvious ; hidden ; secret.
6. Remote from comprehension. 7. Sagacious; penetrat-
ing; having the power to enter far into a subject. 8.
Artful ; contriving ; concealing artifice ; insidious ; de-
signing. 9. Grave in sound ; low. 10. Very still ; sol-
emn ; profound. 11. Thick; black; not to be penetrated
by the sight. 12. Still ; sound ; not easily broken or dis-
turbed. 13. Depressed ; sunk low, metaphorically. 14.
Dark ; intense ; strongly colored. 15. Unknown ; unin-
telligible. 16. Heart-felt ; penetrating ; affecting. 17.
Intricate ; not easily understood or unraveled. — This word
often qualifies a verb, like an sidverb.
DEEP, 71. 1. The sea ; the abyss of waters ; the ocean. 2.
A lake ; a great collection of water. 3. That which is
profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible. 4.
The most still or solemn part ; the midst.
DEEP'-DRAW-ING, a. Sinking deep into the water.
DEEP'EN, "(dee'pn) v.t. 1. To make deep or deeper; to
sink lower. 2. To make dark or darker ; to make more
thick or gloomy. 3. To give a darker hue, or a stronger
color. 4. To make more poignant or distressing. 5. To
make more frightful. 6. To make more sad or gloomy
7. To make more grave.
DEEP'EN, V. i. To become more deep.
DEEP'ENED, pp. Made more deep.
DEEP'EN-ING, ppr. Sinking lower ; making more deep
DEEP'LY, adv. 1 . At or to a great depth ; far below the
surface. 2. Profoundly ; thoroughly. 3. To or from the
inmost recesses of the heart ; with great sorrow ; most
feelingly. 4. To a great degree. 5. With a dark hue, or
strong color. 6. Gravely. 7. With profound skill ; with
art or intricacy.
DEEP'-MOUTHED, a. Having a hoarse, loud, hollow
voice. Shak.
DEEP'-MUS-ING, a. Contemplative; thinking closely or
profoundly. Pope.
DEEP'NESS, n. 1. Depth ; remoteness from the surface in
a descending line ; interior distance from the surface ;
profundity. 2. Craft ; insidiousness ; [unusual.]
DEEP'-READ, a. Having fully read ; profoundly versed
L''Estrange.
DEEP'-RE-VOLV'ING, a. Profoundly revolving or medi-
tating. Shak.
DEEP'-THRoAT-ED, a. With deep throats. Milton.
DEEP'-ToNED, a. Having a very low or grave tone.
DEEP'-VAULT-ED, a. Formed like a deep vault or arch'
DEEP'-WaIST-ED, a. Having a deep waist, as a ship
when the quarter deck and forecastle are raised from four
to six feet above the level of the main deck.
DEER, 71. sing, and plu. [Sax. deor.] A quadruped of the
genus cervus, of several species ; as the stag, the fallow-
deer, the roe-buck, the rein, or rein-deer, &c.
DEER'-STICAL-ER, n. One who steals deer.
DEER'-STeAL-ING, n. The act or crime of stealing deer.
t De'ESS, 71. [Fr. dcesse.] A goddess. Croft.
DE-FaCE', v. t. [Arm. difagza ; L. de and facia.] 1. To
destroy or mar the face or surface of a thing ; to injure
the superficies or beauty ; to disfigure. 2. To injure any
thing ; to destroy, spoil or mar ; to erase or obliterate. 3.
To injure the appearance ; to disfigure.
DE-Fa'CED, (de-faste') pp. Injured on the surface ; disfig-
ured^; marred ; erased.
DE-FaCE'MENT, n. Injury to the surface or beauty ; ra-
sure ; obliteration ; that which mars beauty, or disfigures
DE-Fa'CER, n. He or that which defaces ; one who in-
jures, mars or disfigures.
DE-Fa'CING, ppr. Injuring the face or surface ; marring ;
disfiguring ; erasing.
DE FAC'TO. [L.] Actually ; in fact ; existing ; as a king
de facto, distinguished from a king de jure, or by right.
t DE-FaIL'ANCE, n. [Fr.] Failure ; miscarriage.
DE-FAL'CATE, v. t. [Fr. defalquer.] To cut off; to take
away or deduct a part ; used chiefly of money, accounts,
rents, income, &c.
DE-FAL-Ca'TION, 71 1. The act of cutting off, or deduct-
ing a part; deduction, diminution; abatement. 2. That
which is cut off.
t DE-FALK', v. t. To defalcate. Bp. Hall.
DEF-A-Ma'TION, 71. The uttering of slanderous words
with a view to injure another's reputation ; the malicious
uttering of falsehood respecting another which tends to
destroy or impair his good name, character or occupation ;
slander ; calumny.
DE-FAM'A-TO-RY, a. Calumnious ; slanderous ; contain^
ing defamation ; false, and injurious to reputation.
DE-FaME', 7). «. [Yr.diffamer.] 1. To slander; falsely and
maliciously to utter words respecting another which tend
to injure his reputation or occupation. 2. To speak evil
of; to dishonor by false reports ; to calumniate ; to libel ;
to impair reputation by acts or words.
DE-FaM'ED, (de-famd') pp. Slandered ; dishonored or in-
jured by evil reports.
DE-FaM"ER, n. A slanderer ; a detractor ; a calumniator
DE-FaM'ING, ppr. Slandering ; injuring the character by
false reports.
DE-FaM'ING, n. Defamation ; slander. Jeremiah.
DE-FAT I-GA-BLE, a. Liable to be wearied. [JVof much
used.] Olanville.
DE-FAT'I-GATE, v. t. [L. defatigo.] To weary or tu-e,
jLittle used.] Herbert.
DE-FAT-I-Ga'TION, n. Weariness. [Little used.) Bacon.
DE-FAULT', 71. [Fr.defaut.] 1. A failing, or failure; an
omission of that which ought to be done ; neglect to do
* .See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as In this, f Obsolete
DEF
228
DEF
what dnty or law requires. 9. Defect ; want ; failure. —
3. In law, a failure of appearance in court at a day as-
signed, particularly of the defendant in a suit when called
to make answer. — To suffer a default, is to permit an ac-
tion to be called without appearing or answering.
DE-FAULT', V. i. To fail in performing a contract or agree-
ment. Johnson.
DE-FAULT', V. t 1. In law, to call out a .defendant, [ac-
cording to the common expression.] To call a defendant
officially, to appear and answer in court, and on his fail-
ing to answer, to declare him in default, and enter judg-
ment against him. 2. To call out a cause, in v/hich the
defendant does not appear, and enter judgment on the
default. 3. To fail in performance.
t DE-FAULT', V. t. To offend.
DE-FAULT'ED, pp. 1. Called out of court, as a defendant
or his cause. 2. a. Having defect.
DE-FAULT'ER, n. 1. One who makes default ; one wno
fails' to appear in court when called. 2. One who fails to
perform a public duty ; particularly, one who fails to ac-
count for public money intrusted to his care ; a delin-
quent.
DE-FAULT'ING, ppr. I. Failing to fulfil a contract ; de-
linquent. 2. Failing to perform a duty or legal require-
ment. 3. Calling out of court, and entering judgment
against for non-appearance.
DE-FEAiS'ANCE, n. [Norm, defesance.] 1. Literally, a
defeating ; a rendering null ; the preventing of the opera-
tion of an instrument.— 2. In law, a condition, relating to
a deed, which being perfonned, tlie deed is defeated or
rendered void. 3. The writing containing a defeasance.
4. Defeat ; [obs.] Spenser.
DE-FeAS'I-BLE, a. That may be defeated or annulled.
DE-FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being defeas-
ible.
DE-FeAT', ?z. [Ft. defaite.] 1. Overthrow; loss of battle.
The check, rout, or destruction of an army by the victory
of an enemy. 2. Successful resistance ; as, the defeat of
an attack. 3. Frustration ; a rendering null and void.
4. .Frustration ; prevention of success.
DE-FeAT', v. t. 1. To overcome or vanquish, as an army ;
to check, disperse, or ruin by victory ; to overthrow. 2.
To frustrate ', to prevent the success of ; to disappoint. 3.
To render null and void. 4. To resist with success.
DE-FeAT'ED, p2). Vanquished; effectually resisted ; over-
thrown ; frustrated ; disappointed ; rendered null or in-
operative.
DE-FeAT'ING, ppr. Vanquishing ; subduing ; opposing
successfully; overthrowing; frustrating; disappomting ;
rendering null and void.
DE-FeAT'URE, ?i. 1. Change of feature. S/iofc. 2. Over-
throw ; defeat ; [obs.] Beaumont.
DEF'E-€ATE, v. t. [L. defa-co.] 1. To purify ; to refine ;
to clear from dregs or impurities ; to clarify. 2. To purify
from admixture ; to clear ; to purge of extraneous matter.
DEF'E-CA-TED, pj>. Purified; clarified; refined.
DEF'E-€A-TING, ppr. Purifying ; purging of lees or im-
purities.
DEF-E-CA'TrON, n. The act of separating from lees or
dregs ; purification from impurities or foreign matter.
DE-FE€T', n. [l,. defectus.] 1. Want or absence of some-
thing necessary or useful towards perfection ; fault ; im-
perfection. 2. Failing ; fault; mistake; imperfection in
moral conduct, or in judgment. 3. Any want, or imper-
fection in natural objects ; the absence of any thing ne-
cessary to perfection ; any thing unnatural or misplaced ;
blemish ; deformity.
tDE-FE€T', ?). i. To be deficient. Brown.
DE-FECT-T-BIE'I-TY, 71. Deficiency ; imperfection. [Little
used.] Hale.
DE-FE€T'I-BLE, a. Imperfect ; deficient ; wanting. [Lit-
tle uscdA Hale.
DE-FE€'TI0N, n. [L. def actio.] 1. Want or failure of dn-
ty ; particularly, a falling away ; apostasy ; the act of
abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound by
allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached himself.
2. Revolt.
DE-FECT'IVE, a. [L. defectivus.] 1. Wanting either in
substance, quantity or quality, or in any thing necessary ;
imperfect. 2. Wanting in moral qualities ; faulty; blam-
.ible : not conforming to rectitude or rule. — 3. In gram-
mar, a. defective noun is one which wants a whole number
or a particular case ; an indeclinable noun. 4. A defective
verb is one which wants some of the tenses.
DE-FE€T'1VE-LY, adv. In a defective manner; imper-
fectly.
DE-FE€T'IVE-NESS, n. Want; the state of being imper-
fect ; faultiness.
t DE-FE€T-U-0S'I-TY, n. Defectiveness ; faultiness. Mon-
tacru.
DE-FE€T'U-0US, c. Full of defects. [L.u.] Worthington.
t DEF-E-Da'TION, 71. Pollution. Bentlcrj.
DE-FEND', V. t. [L. defendo.] 1. To drive from ; to thrust
back ; hence, to deny ; to repel a demand, charge, or ac-
cusation ; to oppose; to resist ; the effect of which is to
maintain one's own claims. 2. To forbid ; to prohibit ,
that is, to drive from, or back. Temple. 3. To drive back
a foe or danger ; to repel from any thing that which as-
sails or annoys ; to protect by opposition or resistance ; to
support or maintain ; to prevent from being injured or
destroyed. 4. To vindicate ; to assert ; to uphold ; to
maintain uninjured, by force or by argument. 5. To se-
cure against attacks or evil ; to fortify against danger or
violence ; to set obstacles to the approach of anything
that can annoy.
DE-FEND', V. i. To make opposition.
DE-FEND'A-BLE, a. That may be defended.
DE-FEND'ANT, a. [French participle of de/e»idre.] 1. De-
fensive ; proper for defense. 2. Making defense ; being
in the character of a defendant.
DE-FEND' ANT, n. 1. He that defends against an assail-
ant, or against the approach of evil or danger. — 2. In la^v,
the party that opposes a complaint, demand or charge ; he
that is summoned into court, and defends, denies or op-
poses the demand or charge.
DE-FEND'ED, pp. Opposed ; denied ; prohibited ; main-
tained by resistance ; vindicated ; preserved uninjured ;
secured.
DE-FEND'ER, n. One who defends by opposition ; one who
maintains, supports, protects or vindicates ; an assertor ;
a vindicator, either by arms or by arguments j a champion
or an advocate.
DE-FEND'ING, ppr. Denying ; opposing ; resisting ; for
bidding ; maintaining uninjured by force or by reason ;
securing from evil.
DE-FENS'A-TiVE, n. Guard ; defense ; a bandage, or
plaster, to secure a wound from external injury.
DE-FENSE', (de-fens') n. [L. defensio.] 1. Any thing that
opposes attack, violence, danger or injury ; anything that
secures the persons, the rights or the possessions of men ;
fortification ; guard ; protection ; security. 2. Vindica-
tion ; justification ; apology ; that which repels or dis-
proves a charge or accusation. — 3. In law, the defend-
ant's reply to the plaintiff's declaration, demands, or
charges. 4. Prohibition ; [obs,] 5. Resistance ; opposi-
tion. 6. The science of defendmg against enemies ; mil-
itary skill.— 7. In fortification, a work that flanks an-
other.
t DE-FENSE', V. t. To defend by fortification.
DE-FENS'ED, (de-fensf) pp. Fortified.
DE-FENSE'LESS, a. Being without defense ; unarmed ;
unprotected ; unprepared to resist attack ; weak ; unable
to oppose ; uncovered ; unsheltered.
DE-FENSE'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being unguarded
or unprotected.
DE-PENS'I-BLE, a. I. That may be defended. 2. That
may be vindicated, maintained or justified.
DE-FENS'IVE, a. [Fr.defensif.] 1. That serves to defend ,
proper for defense. 2. Carried on in resisting attack or
aggresaion. 3. In a state or posture to defend.
DE-FENS'IVE, n. Safeguard ; that which defends.— To be
on the defensive, or to stand on the defensive, is to be or
stand in a state or posture of defense or resistance, in op-
position to aggression or attack.
DE-FENS'IVE-LY, adv. In a defensive manner ; on the
defensive ; in defense.
t DE-FENST', pp. Defended. Fairfax.
DE-FER', V. t. [L. differ 0.] 1. To delay ; to put off; to
postpone to a future time. 2. To refer ; to leave to an-
other's judgment and determination.
DE-FER', V. i. To yield to another's opinion ; to submit in
opinion.
DEF'ER-ENCE, ti. I. A yielding in opinion; submission
of judgment to the opinion or judgment of another . Hence ,
regard ; respect. 2. Complaisance ; condescension. 3.
Submission.
DEF'ER-ENT, a. Bearing : carrying ; conveying. [Little
used.] Bacon.
DEF'ER-ENT, n. 1. That which carries or conveys. 2.
A vessel in the human body for the conveyance of fluids,
DEF-ER-EN'TIAL, a. Expressing deference.
DE-FER'MENT, n. Delay. Suckling.
DE-FER'RER, n. One who delays or puts off. B. Jonson.
DE-FER'RING, ppr. Delaying ; postponing.
DEF'FLY, adv. Finely ; nimbly. Sjyenser. Sec Deflt.
DE-Fl'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. A daring ; a challenge to fight
invitation to combat ; a call to an adversary to encounter,
if he dare. 2. A challenge to meet in any contest ; a call
upon one to make good any assertion or charge ; an invi-
tation to maintain any cause or point. 3. Contempt of
opposition or danger ; a daring or resistance that implies
the contempt of an adversary, or of any opposing power.
DE-Fl'A-TO-RY, n. Bidding or bearing defiance.
DE-FI"CIEN-CY, orDE-Fl"CIENCE,w. [Tu. deficiens.] 1
A failing ; a falling short ; imperfection. 2. Want ; de-
fect ; something less than is necessary.
DE-FI'CIENT, a. 1. Wanting ; defective ; imperfect ; not
eufiicient or adequate. 2. Wanting ; not having a full or
* See Synopsis A, E, T, O, U, 1?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
DEF
229
DEF
adequate supply. — Deficient numbers, in arithmetic, are
those numbers, whose paxts, added together, make less
than the integer, whose parts they are.
DEF'I-CXT, n. Want ; deficiency ; as a deficit in the taxes
or revenue.
DE-Fi'ER, TO. A challenger ; one who dares to combat or
encounter ; one who braves j one who acts in contempt of
opposition, law or authority.
+ DE-FIG-U-Ra'TION, n. A disfiguring. Hall.
t DE-FIG'URE, V. t. To delineate. Weever.
DE-FlLE', V. t. [Sax. afylan, befylan, gefylan.] 1. To
make unclean ; to render foul or dirty. 2. To make im-
pure ; to render turbid. 3. To soil or sully ; to tarnish ;
as reputation, &;c. 4, To pollute ; to make ceremonially
unclean. 5. To corrupt chastity ; to debauch ; to violate.
6. To taint, in a moral sense ; to corrupt ; to vitiate ; to
render impure with sin.
DE-FlLE', v.i. [Fi. defiler.] To march off in a line, or file
by file ; to file off. Roscoe.
DE-FlLE', n. [Fr. defild.] A narrow passage or way, in
which troops may march only in a file, or with a narrow
front ; a long, narrow pass, as between hills, &c.
DE-FlL'ED, (de-fild') jrp. Made dirty, or foul 5 polluted ;
soiled ; corrupted 5 violated ; vitiated.
DE-FlLE'MENT, TO. 1. The act of defiling, or state of being
defiled ; foulness ; dirtiness ; uncleanness. 2. Corruption
of morals, principles or character ; impurity 5 pollution
by sin.
DE-FlL'ER, n. One who defiles ; one who corrupts or vio-
lates ; that which pollutes.
DE-FlL'lNG, ppr. 1. Polluting ; making impure. 2.
Marching in a file, or with a narrow front.
DE-FlN'A-BLE, a. 1. Literally, that may be limited, or
have its limits ascertained. Hence, capable of having its
extent ascertained with precision ; capable of being fixed
and determined. 2. That may be defined or described ;
capable of having its signification rendered certain, or ex-
pressed with certainty or precision. 3. That may be fix-
ed, determined or ascertained.
DE-FlNE', V. t. [L. definio.] 1. To determine or describe the
end or limit. 2. To determine with precision ; to ascer-
tain. 3. To mark the limit : to circumscribe 5 to bound.
4. To determine or ascertain the extent of the meaning of
a word ; to ascertain the signification of a term 5 to ex-
plain what a word is understood to express. 5. To de-
scribe ; to ascertain or explain the distinctive properties or
circumstances of a thing.
f DE-FiNE', V. i. To determine ; to decide. Bacon.
IDE-FlN'ED, (de-find') pp. 1. Determined; having the ex-
tent ascertained ; having the signification determined.
2. Having the precise limit marked, or having a deter-
minate limit.
l)E-FlN'ER, TO. He who defines ; he who ascertains or
marks the limits ; he who determines or explains the sig-
nification of a word, or describes the distinctive properties
of athing.
DE-FlN'ING, ppr. Determining the limits ; ascertaining
the extent ; explaining the meaning ; describing the prop-
erties.
DEF'I-NiTE, a. [L. definitus.] 1. Having certain limits ;
bounded with precision ; determinate. 2. Having certain
limits in signification ; determinate ; certain ; precise.
3. Fixed ; determinate ; exact ; precise. 4. Defining 7
limiting ; determining the extent.
DEF'I-NiTE, TO. Thing defined. Jlyliffe.
DEF'I-NiTE-LY, adv. Precisely ; in a definite manner.
DEF'I-NlTE-NESS, to. Certainty of extent ; certainty of
signification ; determinateness.
DEF-I-M"TION, TO. [L. definitio.] 1. A brief description
of a thing by its properties. — 9. In logic, the explication of
the essence of a thing by its kind and difference. — 3, In
lexicography, an explanation of the signification of a word
or term, or "of what a word is understood to express.
DE-FIN'1-TiVE, a. [L. definitivus.] I. Lhniting the ex-
tent ; determinate ; positive ; express. 2. Limiting ; end-
ing ; determining ; final.
DE-FIN'I-TiVE, TO. In grammar, an adjective used to de-
fine or limit the extent of the signification of an appellative
or common noun.
I>E-FIN'I-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. Determinately ; positively ;
expressly. 2. Finally ; conclusivel> ; unconditionally.
l)E-PIN'I-TlVE-NESS, to. Determinateness ; decisiveness ;
conclusiveness.
(■ DE-FIX', V. t. [L. defisro.'] To fix ; to fasten. Herbert.
DEF-LA-GRA-BIL'I-TY, to. Combustibility; the quality
of taking fire and burning away, as a metallic wire.
Boyle.
DE-FLa GRA-BLE, a. Combustible ; having the quality
of taking fire and burning, as alcohol, oils, &c. Boyle.
DEF'LA-GRATE, v. t. [L. deflagro.] To set fire to ; to
burn ; to consume.
DEF-LA-GRA TION, to. a kindling or setting fire to a sub-
stance ; burning ; combustion.
DEF'LA-GRA-TOR, to. a galvanic instrument for produc-
ing combustion, particularly the combustion of metallic
substances. Hare.
DE-FLECT', v. i. [L. deflecto.] To turn from or aside ; to
deviate from a true course or right line ; to swerve.
DE-FLECT', v. t. To turn aside ; to turn or bend from a,
right line or regular course.
DE-FLECT'ED, pp. Turned aside, or from a direct line or
course. — In botany, bending downward archwise.
DE-FLECT'ING, ppr. Turning aside ; turning from a right
line or regular comse.
DE-FLE€'TION, TO. 1. Deviation; the act of turning aside ,
a turning from a true line or the regular course. 2. The
departure of a ship from its true course. 3. A deviation
of the rays of light towards the surface of an opaque body ;
infiection.
DE-FLEX'URE, to. A bending down ; a turning aside • de-
viation.
DEF'LO-RATE, a. [L. defloratus.] In botany, having cast
its farin, pollen, or fecundating dust. Martyn.
DEF-LO'RA'TION, TO. [Fr.] 1. The act of deflouring ; the
act of aepriving of the flower or prime beauties ; particu
larly, the act of taking away a woman's virginity. 2. A
selection of the flower, or of that which is most valuable.
DE-FLOUR', V. t. [L. dnfloro.] 1. To deprive a woman of
her virginity. 2. To take away the prime beauty and
grace of any thing, 3. To deprive of flowers.
DE-FLOUR'ED, (de-flourd') pp. Deprived of maidenhood ;
ravished ; robbed of prime beauty.
DE-FLOUR'ER, to. One who deprives a woman of her
virginity.
DE-FLOUR'ING, ppr. Depriving of virginity or maiden-
hood ; robbing of prime beauties.
fDE-FLoW', V. i. [L. defiuo.] To flow down. Brown.
DEF'LU-OUS, a. [L. defiiius.] Flowing down ; falling off'.
[Little used.]
DE-FLUX', n. [L. defluxus.] A flowing down ; a running
downward. Bacon.
DE-FLUX'ION, TO. [l^. defiuxio.'] 1. A flowing, running or
falling of humors or fluid matter, from a superior to an in-
ferior part of the body ; properly, an inflammation of a
part, attended with increased secretion. 2. A discharge
or flowing off of humors.
t DEF'LY, ad.v. Dextrously ; skilAilly. Spenser.
t DEF-OE-Da'TION, to. The act of making filthy; pol-
lution.
DE-FO-LI-a'TION, to. [L. de s,ndfoliatio.] Literally, the
fall of the leaf or shedding of leaves ; but technically, the
time or season of shedding leaves in autumn.
DE-FoRCE', V. t. To disseize and keep out of lawful pos-
session of an estate , to withhold the possession of an
estate from the rightful owner. Blackstone.
DE-FoRC'ED, (de-f6rst');)p. Kept out of lawful possession.
DE-FoRCE'MENT, to. 1. The holding of lands or tene-
ments to which another person has a right. — 2. In Scot-
land, a resisting of an officer in the execution of law.
DE-FOR'CIANT, to. He that keeps out of possession the
rightful owner of an estate.
DE-FoRC'ING, ppr. Keeping out of lawful possession.
DE-FORM', V. t. [L. deformo.] 1. To mar or injure the
form ; to alter that form or disposition of parts which is
natural and esteemed beautiful, and thus to render it dis-
pleasing to the eye ; to disfigure. 2. To render ugly or
displeasing, by exterior applications or appendages. 3. To
render displeasing. 4. To injure and render displeasing
or disgusting ; to disgrace ; to disfigure moral beauty.
5. To dishonor ; to make ungraceful.
DE-FORM', a. [L. deforwis.] Disfigured ; being of an un-
natural, distorted, or disproportioned form ; displeasing to
the eye.
DEF-OR-Ma'TION, to. a disfiguring or defacing.
DE-FORM'ED, (de-formd') pp. 1. Injured in the form ; dis-
figured ; distorted ; ugly ; wanting natural beauty, or
symmetry. 2. Base ; disgraceful.
DS-FORM'ED-LY.arfc. In an ugly manner.
DE-FORM'ED-NESS, n. Ugliness ; a disagreeable or unnat-
ural form.
DE-FORM'ER, to. One who deforms.
DE-FORM'ING, ppr. Marring the natural form or figure ,
rendering ugly or displeasing ; destroying beauty ,
DE-FORM'I-TY, to. [L. deformitas.] 1. Any unnatural
state of the shape or form ; want of that unifr rmity or
symmetry which constitutes beauty; distortion; irregu-
larity of shape or features ; disproportion of lanhs ; de-
fect ; crookedness ; ugliness. 2. Any thmg th'rt destroys
beauty, grace or propriety ; irregularity ; absurdity ; gross
deviation from order, or the established laws rf propnety ,
tDE-FoRS'ER, TO. One that casts out by force.
t DE-FOUL', v.t.To defile.
DE-FRAUD', V. t. [L. defraudo.] 1. To de mve of right,
either by obtaining something by deceptio/i or artifice, or
by taking something wrongfully, without the knowledge
or consent of the owner ; to cheat ; to cozen ; followed by
of before the thing taken. 2. To withhold wrongfiilly
from another what is due to him. 3. To prevent one
* See Syno]>sis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete .
DEG
230
DEI
wrongfully from obtaining what he may justly claim. 4.
To defeat or frustrate wrongfully.
DE-FRAU-Da'TION, n. Privation by fraud.
DE-FRAUD'ED, pp. Deprived of property or right by trick,
artifice or deception ; injured by the withholding of what
is due.
DE-FRAUD'ER, n. One who defrauds ; one who takes from
another his right by deception, or withholds what is his
due ; a cheat ; a cozener ; an embezzler ; a peculator.
13E-FRAUD'ING, p;)/-. Depriving another of his property or
right by deception or artifice; injuring by withholding
wrongfully what is due.
DE-FRAUD'MENT, n. The act of defrauding.
I)E-FRaY', v. t. [Fr defrayer.] I. To pay ; to discharge,
as cost or expense ; to bear, as charge, cost or expense.
2. To satisfy ; [obs.] Spenser. 3. To fill ; [obs.] Spenser.
DE-FRaYED, (de-fr&dei) pp. Paid ; discharged, as expense,
or cost.
DE-FRaY'ER, n. One who pavs or discharges expenses.
DE-FRAY INGj^r. Paying; discharging.
DE-FRaY'MENT, n. Payment. Shelton.
t DEFT, a. Neat ; handsome ; spruce ; ready ; dextrous ;
fit ; convenient. Dryden.
t DEFT'LY, adv. Neatly ; dextrously ; in a skilful manner.
Shak.
t DEFT'NESS, n. Neatness ; beauty. Drayton.
I)E-FUN€T', a. [L. defanctus.] Having finished the course
of life; dead; deceased. Shak.
DE-FUN€T', n. A dead person ; one deceased.
t DE-FUN€'TION, n. Death. Shak.
DE-F?', V. t. [Fr. defier.'j 1. To dare ; to provoke to, com-
bat or strife, by appealing to the courage of another ; to
invite one to contest ; to challenge. 2. To dare ; to brave ;
to oflFer to hazard a conflict by manifesting a contempt of
opposition, attack or hostile force. 3. To challenge to say
or do any thing.
t DE-F1?', n. A challenge. Dryden.
DE-F^'ER. See Defier.
DEG, V. t. [Sax. deagan.] To sprinkle. Grose.
DE-GAR'NISH, v. t. [Fr. degarnir.] 1. To unfurnish ; to
strip of furniture, ornaments or apparatus. 2. To deprive
of a garrison, or troops necessary for defense. Washmgton.
DE-GAR'NISHED, pp. Stripped of furniture or apparatus ;
deprived of troops for defense.
DE-GaR'NISH-ING, ppr. Stripping of furniture, dress, ap-
paratus or a garrison.
DE-GaR'NISH-MENT, 71. The act of depriving of furniture,
apparatus or a garrison.
f j:)E-6EN'DER, v. i. To degenerate. Spenser.
DE-GEN'DERED, a. Degenerated. Spenser.
DE-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. 1. a growing worse or inferior; a
decline in good qualities ; or a state of being less valuable.
— 2. In morals, decay of virtue ; a growing worse ; de-
parture from the virtues of ancestors ; desertion of that
which is good. 3. Poorness ; meanness ; as, a degenera-
cy of spirit.
DE-6EN'ER-ATE, v. i. [L. degenero.] To become worse ;
to decay in good qualities ; to pass from a good to a bad or
worse state ; to lose or suffer a diminution of valuable
qualities, either in the natural or moral world.
DE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. 1. Having fallen from a perfect or
good state into a less excellent or worse state ; having lost
something of the good qualities possessed ; having declin-
ed in natural or moral worth. 2. Low ; base ; mean ;
corrupt ; fallen from primitive or natural excellence ; hav-
ing lost the good qualities of the species.
DE-GEN'ER-ATE-LY, adv. In a degenerate manner.
DE-GEN ER-ATE-NESS, n. A degenerate state ; a state in
which the natural good qualities of the species are decay-
ed or lost.
DE-GEN-ER-a'TION, n. 1. a growing worse, or losing of
good qualities ; a decline from the virtue and worth of an-
cestors ; a decay of the natural good qualities of the spe-
cies ; a falling from a more excellent state to one of less
worth. 2. The thing degenerated.
DE-GEN'ER-OUS, a. 1. Degenerated ; fallen from a state
of excellence, or from the virtue and merit of ancestors.
2. Low ; base ; mean ; unworthy. Dryden
DE-OEN'ER-OUS-LY, adv. In a degenerous manner ; base-
ly ; meanly.
DEG'GY, a. Foggy ; applied also to small rain.
DE-GLu'TI-NATE, v. t. [L. deglutino.] To unglue ; to
loosen or separate substances glued together.
DEG-LU-TI"TI0N, n. [L. deghitio.] ]. The act of swal-
lowing. 2. The power of swallowing.
DEG-RA-Da'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. A reducing in rank ; the
act of depriving one of a degree of honor, of dignity, or
of rank ; also, deposition ; removal or dismission from of-
fice. 2. The state of being reduced from an elevated or
more honorable station, to one that is low in fact or in es-
timation ; baseness ; degeneracy. 3. Diminution or re-
duction of strength, efficacy or value. — 4. In painting, a
lessening and obscuring of the appearance of distant ob-
jects in a landscape, that they may appear as they would
do to an eye placed at a distance. 5. Diminmtion ; reduc-
tion of altitude or magnitude. Journ. of Science.
DE-GRaDE', v. t. [Fr. degrader.] 1. To reduce from a
higher to a lower rank or degree ; to deprive one of any
office or dignity, by which he loses rank in society ; to
strip of honors. 2. To reduce in estimation ; to lessen the
value of; to lower ; to sink. 3. To reduce m altitude or
magnitude. Journ. of Science.
DE-GRaD'ED, pp. Reduced in rank ; deprived of an ofiice
or dignity ; lowered ; sunk ; reduced in estimation or
value.
DE-GRaDE'MENT, 71. Deprivation ofrank or office.
DE-GRaD'ING, ppr. 1. Reducing in rank ; depriving of
honors or offices ; reducing in value or estimation ; lower-
ing. 2. a. Dishonoring ; disgracing the character.
DE-GRaD'ING-LY, adv. In a degrading manner, or in a
way to depreciate.
DE-GREE', n. [Fr. degre.] 1 A step ; a distinct portion of
space of indefinite extent ; a space in progression. 2. A
step or portion of progression, in elevation, quality, digni-
ty or rank. — 3. In genealogy, a certain distance or remove
in the line of descent, determining the proximity of biood.
4. Measure ; extent. — 5. In geometry, a division of a cir-
cle, including a three hundred and sixtieth part of its cir-
cumference. — 6. In music, an interval of sound, marked
by a line on the scale. Busby. — 7. In arithmetic, a degree
consists of three figures ; thus, 270, 360, compose two de-
grees. 8. A division, space or interval, marked on a
mathematical or other instrument. — 9. In colleges and
universities, a mark of distinction conferred on students,
as a testimony of their proficiency in arts and sciences ;
giving them a kind ofrank, and entitling them to certain
privileges. — Honorary degrees are those of doctor of divin-
ity, doctor of laws, &c. — By degrees, step by step ; gradu-
ally ; by little and little ; by moderate advances.
DEG-US-Ta'TION, n. [L. degusto.] A tasting. Bp. Hall.
DE-HIS'CENCE, n. [L. dchiscens.] A gaping.— In botany,
the opening of capsules ; the season when capsules open.
DE-HIS'CENT, a. Opening, as the capsule of a plant.
t DE-HON-ES-Ta'TION, n. Discredit ; disgrace, Bp. Oau-
den.
DE-HORT', v. t. [L. dehortor.] To dissuade ; to advise to
the contrary. Wilkins.
DE-HOR-Ta'TION, 71. Dissuasion j advice or counsel
against something.
DE-HORT' A-TO-RY, a. Dissuading ; belonging to dissua-
sion.
DE-HORT'ER, 71. A dissuader ; an adviser to the contrary^
DE-HORT'ING, ppr. Dissuading.
De'I-CiDE, 7!. [U. dcicidio.] 1. The act of putting to death
Jesus Christ, our Savior. Prior 2. One concerned in put-
ting Christ to death.
DE-IF'I€, a. [L. deus and facio."] 1. Divine ; pertaining
to the gods. 2. Making divine.
DE-IF'I-CAL, a. Making divine. Homilies.
DE-I-FI-€a'TION, 71. The act of deifying ; the act of ex-
alting to the rank of, or enrolling among, the heathen dei-
ties.
De'I-FiED, pp. Exalted or ranked among the gods ; regard
ed orpraised as divine.
De'I-Fi-ER, 71. One that deifies.
De'I-FORM, a. [L.deus and /orma.] Like a god ; of a god-
like form.
t DE-I-FORM'I-TY, v.. Resemblance of deity.
De'I-FY, v. t. [L. deus and /acio.] 1. To make a god ; to
exalt to the rank of a heathen deity ; to enroll among the
deities. 2. To exalt into an object of worship ; to treat as
an object of supreme regard. 3. To exalt to a deity in es-
timation ; to reverence or praise as a deity.
DE'I-F'f-ING, ppr. Exalting to the rank of a deity ; treat-
ing as divine.
DEIGN, (dane) v. i. [Fr. daigner.] To think worthy ; to
vouchsafe ; to condescend.
DEIGN, (dane) v. t. To grant or allow ; to condescend to
give to. Shak. ,
DEIGN'ING, (da'ning) ppr. Vouchsafing ; thinking worthy.
t DE-IN TE-GRATE, v. t. To disintegrate.
DE-IP' A-ROUS, a. [L. deiparus.] Bearing or bringing forth
a god ; an epithet applied to the Virgin Mary.
DElP-NOS'0-PHIST, 7i. [Gr. Senrvov and <ro<piarris.] One
of an ancient secc of philosophers, who were famous for
their learned conversation at meals.
De'ISM, n. [Fr. deisme.] The doctrine or creed of a deist ,
the belief or system of religious opinions of those who ac-
knowledge the existence of one God, but deny revelation.
De'IST, n. [Fr. deiste ; It. deista.] One who believes in the
existence of a God, but denies revealed religion ; one who
professes no form of religion, but follows the light of na-
ture and reason, as his only guides in doctrine and prac-
tice ; a freethinker.
DE-IST'I€, I a. Pertaining to deism or to deists ; em-
DEj:ST'I-€AL, \ bracing deism.
fDE'I-TATE, a. Made God. Abp. Cranmer.
De'I-TY, n. [Fr. deite.] 1. Godhead; divinity ; the nature
Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, tj, Y, long.—F^U, FALL, WHAT ;— PRfiY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
DEL
231
DEL
and essence of the Supreme Being. 2. God ; tlie Supreme
Being, or infinite self-existing Spii-it. 3. A fabulous god
or goddess ; a superior being, supposed, by heathen na-
tions, to exist, and to preside over particular departments
of nature. 4. The supposed divinity or divine qualities
ofa pagan god. Raleigh.
DE-JECT*, V. t. [L. dejlcio.] 1. To cast down ; usually, to
cast down the countenance ; to cause to fall with grief ;
to make to look sad or grieved, or to express discourage-
ment. 2. To depress the spirits ; to sink j to dispirit j to
discourage ; to dishearten. Pope.
DE-JE€T', a. [L. dejectiis.'[ Cast down ; low-spirited.
DE-JECT'ED, ;pjp. Cast down ; depressed ; grieved ; dis-
couraged.
DE-JECT'ED-LY, adv. In a dejected manner ; sadly ; heav-
ily. Bacon.
DE-JECT'ED-NESS, v.. The state of being cast down ; low-
ness of spirits.
DE-JE€T'ING, ppr. Casting down ; depressing ; dispiriting.
DE-JE€'TION, n. 1. A casting down ; depression of mind;
melancholy ; lowness of spirits, occasioned by grief or
misfortune. Milton. 2. Weakness ; [iLmisual.'] 3. The
act of voiding the excrements ; or the matter ejected
Ray.
DE-JEGT'LY, adv. In a downcast manner.
DS -JECT'O-RY, a. Having power or tending to cast down,
or to promote evacuations by stool.
DE-JECT'lIRE, 71. That which is ejected; excrements.
ArbiLthnot.
fDEJ'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. dejero.] To swear deeply.
t DEJ-ER-A'TION, a. A taking ofa solemn oath.
tDE-JEuNE', n. [Fr. dejune.] A sort of breakfast.
DE-LA€-RY-Ma'TION, 71. [L. delacrymatio.] A preternat-
ural discharge of watery humors from the eyes ; waterish-
ness of the eyes.
t DEL-AC-Ta'TION, n. [L. delactatio.] A weaning.
DEL-AP-Sa'TION, 71. A falling down. Ray.
DE-LAPSE', (de-laps') v. i. [L. delabor, delapsus.] To fall
or slide down.
DE-LAP'SION, 71. A falling down of the uterus, anus, &c.
DE-LAPS'ED, (de-lapsf) pp. Fallen down.
DE-LaTE', v. t. [L. delatiLs.j 1. To carry ; to convey.
[Little used.] 2. To accuse ; to inform against ; that is,
to bear a charge against. B. Jonson.
DE-La'TION, n. 1. Carriage ; conveyance. {Little used.]
9. Accusation ; act of chai-ging with a crune ; a term of
the£ivil law.
DE-La'TOR, 71. [L.j An accuser ; an informer.
DE-LaY', v. t. [Fr. delai.] 1. To prolong the time of act-
ing, or proceeding; to put off; to defer. 2. To retard;
to stop, detain or hinder for a time ; to restrain motion, or
render it slow. 3. To allay ; [not in. use.] Spenser.
DE-LaY', v. i. To linger; to move slow ; or to stop for a
time_.
DE-LaY', n. 1. A lingering ; stay ; stop. 2. A putting off
or deferring ; procrastination. 3. Hinderance for a time.
DE-LaY'ED, (de-lade') pp. Deferred ; detained ; hindered
for a time ; retarded.
DE-LaY'ER, n. One who defers ; one who lingers.
DE-LaY'ING, ppr. Putting off; deferring ; procrastinating ;
retarding ; detaining.
DE-LaY'MENT, n. Hinderance. Gower.
De'LE, v. t. [L. imperative of delco.] Blot out ; erase.
DEL'E-BLE, a. [L. delebilis.] That can he blotted out.
jMore.
DE-LEC'TA-BLE, a. [L. delectabilis.] Delightful ; liighly
pleasing ; that gives great jov or pleasure.
J)E-LE€'TA-BLE-NESS, n. Delightfulness. Ba9ret.
DE-LE€'TA-BLY, adv. Delightfully.
DEL-E€-Ta'TION, 71. Great pleasure ; delight. More.
t DEL'E-GA-CY, 71. A number of persons delegated. Laud.
DEL'E-GATE, v. t. [L. delego.] 1. To send away ; appro-
priately, to send on an embassj^ ; fo send with power to
transact business, as a representative. 2. To intrust ; to
commit ; to deliver to another's care and exercise.
DEL'E-GATE, 71. 1. A person appointed and sent by an-
otlier with powers to transact business as his representa-
tive ; a deputy ; a commissioner ; a vicar. — 2. In Great
Britain, a commissioner appointed by the king, under the
great seal, to hear and determine appeals from the eccle-
siastical court. Hence, the court of delegates is the great
court of appeal in all ecclesiastical causes. 3. A layman
appointed to attend an ecclesiastical council.
DEL'E-GATE, a. Deputed ; sent to act for or represent an-
other. Taijlor.
DEL'E-GA-TED, jjp. Deputed ; sent with a trust or commis-
sion to act for another ; appointed a judge ; committed, as
authority.
DEL'E-GA-TING, ppr. Deputing ; sending with a commis-
sion to act for another ; appointing ; committing ; in-
trusting.
DEL-E-Ga'TION, n. I. A sending away ; the act of put-
ting in commission, or investing with authority to act for
another; the appointment of a delegate. Burke. 2. The
persons deputed to act for another, or for others.— 3. in
the civil law^ the assignment of a debt to another, as
when a debtor appoints his debtor to answer to the credi-
tor in his place.
f DEL-E-NIF'I-€AL, a. Having the virtue to ease or as-
suage paia.
fDE-LETE', V, t. [L. deleo.] To blot out. Fuller.
DEL-E-Te'RI-OUS, a. [L. deleternts.] 1. Having the quali-
ty of destroying, or extinguishing life ; destructive ; poi-
sonous. 2. Injurious ; pernicious.
DEL'E-TER-Y, a. Destructive ; poisonous. Hudibras.
DE-LE'TION, n. [L. deletio.) 1. The act of blotting out or
erasing. 2. Destruction ; [little v^ed.] Hale.
DEL'E-TO-RY, n. That which blots out. Taylor.
DELF, 71. [Sax. delfan.] 1. A mine ; a quarry ; a pit dug.
[Rarely used.] 2. Earthen ware, covered with enamel
or white glazing in imitation of China-ware or porcelain,
made at Delft, in Holland ; properly. Delft-ware.
DEL I-BATE, v. t [L. delibo.] To taste ; to take a sip
[Little Jised.]
DSL-I-Ba'T10N, 71. A taste ; an essay. [Little used.]
DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. i. [L. deliberol] To weigh in the
mind ; to consider and examine the reasons for and
against a measure ; to estimate the weight or force of ar-
guments, or the probable consequences of a measure, in
order to a choice or decision ; to pause and consider.
DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. t. To balance in the mind ; to weigh ;
to consider. Laud.
DE-LIBER-ATE, a. 1. Weighmg facts and arguments
with a view to a choice or decision ; carefully considering
the probable consequences of a step ; circumspect ; slow
in determining. 2. Formed with deliberation ; well ad-
vised or considered ; not sudden or rash. 3. Slow. Bacon.
DS-LrB'ER-ATE-IiY, adv. With careful consideration, or
deliberation ; circumspectly ; not ha,stily or rashly ;
slowiv.
DE-LrB"'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Calm consideration ; circum-
spection ; due attention to the arguments for and against
a measure ; caution.
DE-LIB-ER-A'TION, n. [L. deliberatio.] 1. The act of de-
liberating ; the act of weighing and examining the rea-
sons for and against a choice or measure ; consideration.
2. Mutual discussion and examination of the reasons for
and against a measure.
DE-LIB'ER-A-TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to deliberation ; pro-
ceeding or acting by deliberation, or by mutual discussion
and examination. 2. Having a right or power to deliber-
ate or discuss. 3. Apt or disposed to consider.
DE-LIB'ER-A-TIVE, ii. A discourse in which a question is
discussed or weighed and examined.
DE-LIB'ER-A-TlVE-LY. adv. By deliberation. Burke.
DEL'I-€A-CY, 77. ^[Fr. dalicatcsse.] 1. Fineness of texture;
smoothness ; softness ; tenderness. 2. Daintiness ; pleas-
antness to the taste. 3. Elegant or feminine beauty. 4.
Nicety ; minute accuracy. 5. Neatness in dress ; ele-
gance proceeding from a nice selection and adjustment of
the several parts of dress. 6. Softness of manners ; civil-
ity or politeness proceeding from a nice observance of pro-
priety, and a desire to please. 7. Indulgence ; gentle
treatment. 8. Tenderness ; scrupulousness ; the quality
manifested in nice attention to right, and care to avoid
wrong, or offense. 9. Acute or nice perception of M-hat
is pleasing to the sense of tasting ; hence, figuratively, a
nice perception of beauty and deformity, or the faculty of
such nice perception. 10. That which deliyhts the sens-
es, particularly the taste. 11. Tenderness of constitution ;
weakness ; that quality or state of the animal body which
renders it very impressible to injury. 12. Smallness ; fine-
ness ; slenderness ; tenuity. 13. Tenderness ; nice sus-
ceptibility of impression.
DEL'I-CATE, a. [Fr. delicat.] 1. Ofa fine texture ; fine ;
soft ; smooth ; clear, or fair. 2. Nice ; pleasing to the
taste ; of an agreeable flavor. 3. Nice in perception of
what is agreeable ; dainty. 4. Nice ; accurate ; fine ; soft
to the eye. 5. Nice in forms ; regulated by minute ob-
servance of propriety, or by condescension. 6. Pleasing
to the senses. 7. Fine ; slender ; minute. 8. That can-
not be handled without injury or danger : that must be
touched with care. 9. Composed of fine threads, or nice
ly interwoven ; soft and smootl) to the touch. 10. Ten
der ; effeminate ; not able to endure hardship ; very im-
pressible to injury. 11. Feeble ; not sound or robust.
t DEL'I-CATE, 7». Any thing nice ; a nicety. Dryden.
DEL'I-€ATE-LY, adv. 1. In a delicate manner ; with nice
regard to propriety and the feelings of others. 2. Dainti-
ly ; luxuriously. 3. With soft elegance. 4. Tenderly ;
with induleence in ease, elegance and luxury.
DEL'I-€ATE-NESS, n. The state of being delicate ; ten-
derness ; softness ; effeminacy.
tDEL'I-CATES, Ti. Niceties; rarities. Jeremiah.
DE-LI"CIOUS, a. [Fr. delicieux.] 1. Highly pleasing to the
taste ; most sweet or grateful to the senses ; affording ex-
quisite pleasure. 2. Most pleasing to the mindj very
grateful ; yielding exquisite delight.
• See Synopsis MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obeolets .
DEL
232
DEL
DE-LI''CIOUS-LY, adv. In a delicious manner; in a man-
ner to please the taste or gratify the mind; sweetly;
pleasantly ; delightfully.
DE-Li"C10US-NESS, n. The quality of being delicious, or
very grateful to the taste or mind. 2. Delight; great
pleasure.
DEL-I-Ga'TION, n. [L. deligatio.] In surgery, a binding
up ; a bandaging.
DE-LlGHT', (de-lite ) 71. [Fi. delice.] 1. A high degree of
pleasure, or satisfaction of mind ; joy. 2. That which
gives great pleasure ; that which affords delight. — Delight
is a more permanent pleasure than joy, and not dependent
on sudden excitement.
DE-LlGHT', V. t. [isp. deleytar ; Port, deleitar ; L. delector ;
Fr. delccter.] 1, To affect with great pleasure ; to please
highly ; to give or afford high satisfaction or joy. 2. To
receive great pleasure in.
DE-LIGHT', V. i. To have or take great pleasure; to be
greatly pleased or rejoiced.
DE-LIGHTED, ;//>, J . Greatly pleased ; rejoiced. 2. a.
Full of delight. Shak.
DE-LlGHT'ER, Ji. One who takes delight. Barrow.
DE-LlGHT'FUL, a. Highly pleasing; affording great plea-
sure and satisfaction.
DE-LiGHT'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to receive great
pleasure; very agreeably. 2. In a delightful manner;
charmingly ; in a manner to afford great pleasure.
DE-LIGHT'FUL-NESS, «. 1. The quality of being de-
lightful, or of affording great pleasure. 2. Great pleasure ;
delight.
DE-LlGHT'LESS, a. Affording no pleasure or delight.
DE-LiGHTSoME, a. Very pleasing ; delightful.
D£-LiGHT'S6ME-LY, adv. Very pleasantly ; in a delight-
ful manner.
DE-LlGHT'S6ME-NESS, n. Delightfulness ; pleasantness
in a high degree.
DE-LIN 'E-A-MENT, n. Representation by delineation.
DE-LIN'E-ATE, v. t. [L. delinco.] 1. To draw the lines
which exhibit the form of a thing ; to mark out wnh
lines; to make a draught; to sketch or design. 2. To
paint ; to represent in picture ; to draw a likeness of. 3.
Figuratively, to describe ; to represent to the mind or un-
derstanding ; to exhibit a likeness in words.
DE-LIN'E-A-TED, pp. Drawn ; marked with lines exhibit-
ing the form or figure ; sketched ; designed ; painted ; de-
scribed.
DE-LIN'E-A-TING, ppr. Drawing the fOrm ; sketching ;
painting ; describing.
DE-LIN-E-A'TION, n. [L. delineatio.] 1. First draught of
a thing ; outUne ; representation of a forih or figure by
lines ; sketch ; design. 2. Representation in words ; de-
scription.
t DE-LIN'E-A-TURE, n. Delineation.
t DE-LIN'I-MENT, 71. [L. delinimenUin..'] Mitigation.
DE-LIN'aUEN-CY, n. [L. delinquo.] Failure or omission
of duty ; a fault ; a misdeed ; and, positively, an offense ;
a crime.
DE-LIN'aUENT, a. Failing in duty ; offending by neglect
of duty.
DE-Lm'aUENT, 71. One who faik to perform his duty,
particularly a public officer who neglects his duty ; an of-
fender ; one who commits a fault or crime.
DEL'I-aUATE, V. t. or i. [L. deligueo.] To melt or be dis-
solved. See Deliquesce and Delk^uiate.
DEL-I-ailA'TION, n. A melting. See Deliquescence
and Deliquiation.
DEL-I-aUESCE', (del.e-ques') v. i. [L. deliquesco. See Li-
quid.] To melt gradually and become liquid by attract-
ing and absorbing moisture from the air.
DEL-I-aUES'CENCE, n. Spontaneous liquefaction in the
air ; a gradual melting or becoming liquid by absorption
of water from the atmosphere.
DEL-I-Q,UES'GENT, a. Liquefying m the air ; capable of at-
tracting moisture from the atmosphere and becoming liquid.
DE-Lia'UI-ATE, V. i. To melt and become liquid by im-
bibing water from the air.
DE-LIQ,-UI-A'TION, n. A melting by attracting water from
the air.
DE-Lia'UI-UM, 71. [L.] 1. In chemistry, a melting or
dissolution in the air, or in a moist place. 2. A liquid
state. 3. In medicine, a swooning or fainting; called
also syncope.
DE-LIRiA-MENT, n. A wandering of the mind ; foolish
fancy. [Little used.]
DEL'I-RATE, v. i. [L. deliro.] To dote ; to rave.
DE-LIR'I-OUS, a. [L. delirus.'] Roving in mind; ]i<Tht-
headed ; disordered in intellect ; having ideas that \re
wild, irregular and unconnected.
DE-LIR'I-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being delirious ■ de-
Ihium. '
DE-LIR'I-UM, 71. [L.] A state in which the ideas of a per-
son are wild, irregular and unconnected, or do not corre-
spond with the truth or with external objects ; a roving or
wandering of the mind ; disorder of the intellect.
DEL-I-TES'CENCE, n. [L. delitescentii..] Retirement ; oft-
scurity. Johnson.
DE-LIT'I-GATE, v. t. [L. delitigo.] To scold ; to chide
vehemently. Diet.
DE-LIT-I-Ga'TION, n. A striving ; a chiding.
DE-LIVER, V. t. [Fr. delivrer.] 1. To free ; to release, as
from restraint ; to set at liberty. 2. To rescue, or save
3. To give or transfer ; to put into another's hand or pow-
er ; to commit ; to pass from one to another, 4. To sur-
render ; to yield ; to give up ; to resign. 5. To disburden
of a child. 6. To utter ; to pronounce ; to speak ; to send
forth in words. 7. To exert in motion ; [not in use.] — To
deliver to the wind, or cast away; to reject. — To deliver
over. 1. To transfer ; to give or pass from one to another
2. To surrender or resign ; to put into another's power ;
to commit to the discretion of; to abandon to. — To deliver
up, to give up ; to surrender.
tDE-LIV'ER, ft. [L. liber.] Free; nimble. Chaucer.
DE-LI V'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be or is to be delivered.
Mer. usage. Amer. Review.
DE-LIV'ER-ANCE, 71. [Fr. delivrance.] 1. Release from
captivity, slavery, oppression, or any restraint. 2. Res-
cue from danger or any evil. 3. The act of bringing forth
cliildren. 4. The act of giving or transferring from one
to another. 5. The act of speaking or pronouncing ; ut-
terance. 6. Acquittal of a prisoner by the verdict of a jury.
DE-LIV'ERED, pp. Freed ; released ; transferred or trans-
mitted ; passed from one to another ; committed ; yielded •
surrendered ; rescued ; uttered ; pronounced.
DE-LIV'ER-ER, n. I. One who delivers; one who re-
leases or rescues; a preserver. 2. One who relates or
communicates.
DE-LIV'ER-ING, ppr. Releasing ; setting free ; rescuing ;
saving; surrendering; giving over; yielding; resigning
t DE-LI V'ER-LY,at/». Nimbly.
DE-LI V'ER-NESS, ft. Agility.
DE-LIV'ER-Y, 71. 1. The act of delivering. 2. Release ,
rescue, as from slavery, restraint, oppression or danger
3. Surrender; a giving up. 4. A giving or passing from
one to another. 5. Utterance ; pronunciation ; or manner
of speaking. 6. Childbirth. 7. Free motion or use of the
limbs ; [obs.] Sidney.
DELL, n. [qu. dale, or W. dell,] A pit, or a hollow place ;
a cavity or narrow opening. Milton.
DELPH. See Delf, JVo. 2.
DELPH'I-A, ) n. A vegetable alkali lately discovered in
DEL-PHIJN'I-A, \ the Delphinium staphysagria.
DELPH'I-AN, ) a. [from Delphi.] Relating to Delphi, and
DELPH'IG, \ to the celebrated oracle of that place.
DELPH'iNE, a. [L. delphinus.] 1. Pertaining to the dol-
phin, a genus of fishes. 2. Pertaining to the dauphin of
France.
DELPH'IN-lTE, n. A mineral, called also pistoctf e and epi-
dote.
DEL'TOID, 71. [Gr. h\ra, the letter A, and £j5o?.] 1. Re-
sembling the Greek A ; triangular ; an epithet applied to a
muscle of the shoulder. Coze. — 2. In botany, shapeA some-
what like a delta or rhomb.
DE-LuD'A-BLE, a. That may be deluded or deceived ; lia-
ble to be imposed on. Brown.
DE-LuDE', 7). t. [L. deludo.] 1. To deceive; to impose
on ; to lead from truth or into error ; to mislead the mind
or judgment ; to beguile. 2. To frustrate or disappoint.
DE-LuD'ED, pp. Deceived ; misled ; led into error.
DE-LtJD'ER, n. One who deceives ; a deceiver ; an impos-
tor ;_one who holds out false pretenses.
DE-LuD'ING, ppr. Deceiving ; leading astray ; misleading
the opinion or judgment.
DE-LtJD'ING, n. The act of deceiving ; falsehood.
DEL'UGE, 71. [Fr. deluge.] 1. Any overflowing of water ;
an inundation ; a flood ; a swell of water over the natural
banks of a river or shore of the ocean, spreading over the
adjacent land. But appropriately, the great flood or over-
flowing of the earth by water, in the days of NoEih. 2. A
sweeping or overwhelming calamity.
DEL U6E, v.t. 1. To overflow with water ; to inundate ;
to drown. 2. To overwhelm ; to cover with any flowing
or moving, spreading body. 3. To overwhelm ; to cause
to sink under the weight of a general or spreading calamity
DEL'UGE, V. i. To become a deluge.
DEL'UGED, pp. Overflowed ; inundated ; overwhelmed.
DEL'U-GING, ppr. Overflowing ; inundating ; overwhelm
ing._
DE-LU'SION, n. [L. delusio.] 1. The act of deluding ; de-
ception ; a misleading of the mind. 2. False representa-
tion ; illusion ; error or mistake proceeding from false
views.
DE-Lu'SIVE, a. Apt to deceive; tending to mislead the
mind ; deceptive ; beguiling.
DE-LtJ'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being delusive ; ten
deacy to deceive.
DE-Lu'SO-RY, a. Apt to deceive ; deceptive.
DELVE, (delv) v. t. [Sax. delfan.] 1. To dig ; to open the
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ,— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— ♦ Obsolete
DEM
233
DEM
ground with a spade. 2. To fathom ; to sound j to pen-
etrate ; [not wsed.]
OELVE, (delv) n. A place dug j a pit j a pit-fall ; a ditch ; a
den 3 a cave ; [o6s.] Spenser. — Delve of coals, a quantity
of fossil coals dug. [JVot used, or local.]
DELV'ER, n. One who digs, as with a spade.
DELVING, ;?pr. Digging.
DEM^A-GOGUE, (dem'a-gog) n. [Gr. Sijixaywyog.] 1. A
leader of the people ; an orator who pleases the populace,
and influences them to adhere to him. 2. Any leader of
the populace ; any factious man who has great influence
withthe great body of people in a city or community.
DE-MaIN', n. Written also demesne and demean. [Norm.
demainer.] 1. A manor-lwuse and the land adjacent or
near, whicli a lord keeps in his own hands or immediate
occupation. 2. Estate in lands. Shak.
DE-MaND', v. t. [Fr. demaiider.] 1. To ask or call for, as
one who has a claim or right to receive what is sought ; to
claim or seek as due by right. 2. To ask by authority ;
to require ; to seek or claim an answer by virtue of a right
in the interrogator. 3. To require as necessary or useful.
4. To ask ; to question ; to inquire. 5. To ask or require,
as a seller of goods. 6. To sue for j to seek to obtain by
legal process.
DE-MAND', n. 1. An asking for or claim made by virtue
of a right, or supposed right, to the thing sought ; an asking
with authority ; a challenging as due. 2. The asking or
requiring of a price for goods offered for sale. 3. That
which is or may be claimed as due ; debt. 4. The calling
for in order to purchase 5 desire to possess. 5. A desire
or a seeking to obtain. — 6. In law, the askinjr or seeking
for what is due, or claimed as due, either expressly, by
words, or by implication, as by seizure of goods, or entry
into lands,
DE-MAND'A-BLE, a. That may be, demanded, claimed,
asked for, or required.
DE^MAND'ANT, n. One who demands ; the plaintiff" in a
real action ; any plaintiff".
DE-MaND'ED, pp. Called for ; claimed ; challenged as
d«e ; requested ; required ; interrogated.
DE-MAND'ER, n. One who demands ; one who requires
with authority ; one who claims as due 3 one who asks 3
one who seeks to obtain.
DE-MAND'ING, ppr. Claiming or calling for as due, or by
authority 5 requiring 5 asking 3 pursuing a claim by legal
process ; interrogating.
DE-MAND'RESS, n. A female demandant.
t DE-MARCH', n. [Fr. demarche.] March 5 walk ; gait.
DE-MAR-Ka'TION, n. [Sp. demarcacion.] 1. TJie act of
marking, or of ascertaining and setting a limit. 2. A lim-
it or bound ascertained and fixed ; line of separation
marked or determined.
DE-MeAN', v. t. [Fr. demener.] 1. To behave 3 to carry 5
to conduct 5 with the reciprocal pronoun. 2. To treat.
Spenser.
IDE-MeAN', v. t. To debase 5 to undervalue. Shak.
fDE-MEAN', 7z. 1. Behavior 3 carriage 3 demeanor. Spen-
ser. 2. Mien. Ibm.
DE-MeAN'. See Demain.
DE-MeAN'OR, n. Beliavior 5 carriage 3 deportment.
fDE-MEAN'URE, 71. Behavior.
f De'MEN-CY, 71. [L. dementia.] Madness. Skelton.
DE-MEN'TATE, a. Mad 5 infatuated. Hammond.
DE-MEN'TATE, v. t. [L. demento.] To make mad. Bur-
ton.
DE-MEN-Ta'TION, 71. The act of making frantic. Whitlock.
DE-MEPH-I-TI-Za'TION, 71. The act of purifying from
mephitic or foul air.
DE-MEPH'I-TlZE, v. t. To purify from foul, unwholesome
air.
DE-MEPH'I-TiZED, pp. Purified 3 freed from foul air.
DE-MEPH'I-Tl-ZING, ppr. Purifying from foul ah.
DE-MER'IT, 71. [Fr. demerite.] 1. That which deserves
punishment ; the opposite of merit ; an ill-deserving ; that
which is blamable or punishable in moral conduct 3 vice or
crime. 2. Anciently, merit; desert 5 in a good sense.
Shak.
tDE-MER'IT, V. t. To deserve blame or punishment.
DE-MERS'ED, a. [L. demersus.] Plunged 3 situated or
growing under water.
DE-MER'SION, n. [L. demersio.] 1. A plunging into a
fluid 3 a drowning.' 2. The state of being overwhelmed
in water or earth. 3. The putting of a medicine in a dis-
solving liquor.
DE-MeSNE', (de-meen') See Demain.
DEMI, a prefix, Fr. demi, from the L. dimidium, signifies
half. It is used only in composition.
DEM'i-BRI-GaDE', n. A half-brigade.
DEM'I-Ca'DENCE, n. In music, an imperfect cadence, or
one that falls on any other than the key note
DEM'I-CAN'NON, n. A cannon of different sizes 3 the low-
est carries a ball of 30 pounds weight, and 6 inches diam-
eter 3 the ordinary is 12 feet long, and carries a shot of 6
inches and one-sixth diameter, and 32 pounds weight 3
that of the greatest size is 12 feet long, and carries a ball
of 6 inches and five-eighths diameter, and 36 pounds
weight. Diet.
DEM'l-CROSS, 71. An instrument for taking the altitude of
the sun and stars.
DEM'I-eUL'VER-IN, n. A large gun or piece of ordnance ;
the least is 10 feet long, and carries a ball of 9 pounds
weight and 4 inches diameter 3 that of ordinary size car-
ries a ball of 4 inches and two-eighths diameter, and 10
pounds 11 ounces in weight 3 the largest size is 10 feet
and a third in length, and carries a ball 4 inches and a
half in diameter, and of 12 pounds 11 ounces in weight
DEM'I-DEV'IL, n. Haifa devil. Shak.
DEM'i-DIS'TANCE, n. In fortification, the distance be-
tween the outward polygons and the flank.
DEM'l-Dl'TONE, n. In music, a minor third. Busby.
DEM'i-GOD, 71. Half a god 3 one partaking of the divine
nature. Pope.
DEM'I-GORGE, n. In fortification, that part of the polygon
which remauis after the flank is raised, and goes from the
curtain to the angle of the polygon.
DEM'l-GROAT, 71. A half-groat. Shenstone.
DEM'i-L ANCE, n. A light lance 3 a half-pike.
DEM'i-LUNE, 71. A half-moon.
DEM'I-MAN, n. Haifa man 5 a term of reproach.
DEM'i-Na-TURED, a. Having half the nature of another
animal. Shak.
DEM'I-PREM'I-SES, 71. plu. Half-premises. Hooker.
DEM'i-aUA-VER, 71. A note in music, of half the length
of the quaver.
DEM'i-REP, n. A woman of suspicious chastity. [Demi-
reputation.]
DEM'i-SEM'i-aUA'VER, n. The shortest note in music,
two of which are equal to a semi-quaver.
DEM'i-TONE, 71. In music, an interval of half a tone 5 a
semi-tone.
DEM'I-VILL, 71. A half-vill, consisting of five freemen or
frank pledges. Blackstone.
DEM'i-VOLT, 71. One of the seven artificial motions of a
horse, in which he raises his fore legs in a particular man-
lier.
DEM'l-WoLF, n. Half a wolf 3 a mongrel dog, between a
dog and a wolf 3 lycisca. Shak.
DEM'I-JOHN, 74. A large glass vessel or bottle.
t DEM'I-GRATE, DEM-I-GRa'T10N. See Migrate.
DE-MiS'A-BLE, a. That may be leased.
DE-MiSE', n. [Fr. demis, demise.] 1. In England, a lay-
ing down or removal, applied to the crown or royal au-
thority. The demise of the crown is a transfer of the
crown, royal authority or kingdom, to a successor. Black-
stone. 2. A conveyance or transfer of an estate, by lease
or will. — Demise and redemise, a conveyance where there
are mutual leases made from one to another of the same
land_, or something out of it.
DE-MiSE', v.t. 1. To transfer or convey 5 to lease. 2,
To bequeath 3 to grant by will. Swift.
DE-MIS'SION, 72. A lowering 3 degradation 3 depression
L^ Estrange.
DE-MISS'IVE, or DE-MISS', a. Humble. [Little used.j
Shenstone.
t DE-MISS'LY, adv. In a humble manner. Sherwood.
DE-MIS'SO-RY. SceDiMissoRY.
t DE-MIT', z). t. [h. demitto.] To let fall 3 to depress 3 to
submit.
DEM'I-URGE, n. [Gr. Stjixiovypoi.] In the mythology of
Eastern philosophers, an eon employed in the creation
of the world 3 a subordinate workman.
DEM-I-URG'I€, a. Pertaining to a demiurge, or to creative
power.
DE-M0€'RA-CY, n. [Gr. SrjuoKparia.] Government by the
people 5 a form of government in which the supreme
power is lodged in the hands of the people collectively, or
in which the people exercise the powers of legislation .
DEM'0-€RAT, n. One who adheres to a government by
the people, or favors the extension of the right of suffrage
to all classes of men.
DEM-0-€RAT I€, ) a. Popular 3 pertaining to democ-
DEM-O-CRAT'I-CAL, \ racy or government by the peo-
ple.
DEM-0-€RAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a democratical manner
Sidney.
DE-MO€'RA-TIST, n. The same as democrat.
DE-MOORA-TY, n. Democracy. Burton.
DE-MOL'ISH, V. t. [Fr. demolir.] To throw or pull down
to raze 3 to destroy, as a heap or structure 3 to separate
any collected mass, or the connected parts of a thing 3 to
ruin.
DE-MOL'ISHED, pp. Pulled down 3 thrown down 3 razed 3
destroyed, as a fabric or structure.
DE-MOL'ISH-ER, 71. One who pulls or throws down 5 one
who destroys or lays waste.
DE-MOL'ISH-ING, ppr. Pulling or throwing down 3 de-
stroying.
DE-MOL'ISH-MENT, n. Ruin 5 overthrow. Beaumont.
* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 5— BULL, UNITE.— C as K 3 G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 3 TH as m this, f Ohsvlcle
DEM
234
DEN
DEM-0-Ll''T10N, n. The act of overthrowing, pull-
ing down or destroying a pile or structure ; ruin ; de-
struction.
De'MON, n. [L. dcBmon.'] A spirit, or immaterial being,
holding a middle place between men and the celesiiai dei-
ties of the pagans. An evil spirit or genius, which is sup-
posed to influence the conduct or direct the fortunes cf
mankind.
De'MON-ESS, 71. A female demon. Mede.
DE-Mo'NI-A€, DE-MO-Nl'A-€AL, or DE-MC Nl AN, a.
1. Pertaining to demons or evil spirits. 2. Influenced by
demons ; produced by demons or evil spirits.
DE-Mo'NI-A€, n. A human being possessed by a demon
l)E-Mo'NI-A€S, n. In church history, a branch of the Ana-
baptists, whose distinguishing tenet is, that at the end of
the wor d the devil will be saved.
DE-MON-0€'RA-CY, n. [Gr. Saiuwv and Kpareo).] The
power or government of demons.
DE-MON-OL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. Saiiiwv and Xarpsia.] The
worship of demons, or of evil spirits.
D£-M0N-0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. ^at/zcov and Xoyos.] A discourse
on demons ; a treatise on evil spirits.
DE-MON'0-MIST, n. [Gr. Saifiiov and vofiog.] One that
lives in subjection to the devil, or to evil spirits.
DE-JMON'O-MY, ji. The dominion of demons, or of evil
spirits. Herbert.
DE MON-SHIP, n. The state of a demon. Mede.
DE-MON'STRA-BLE, a. That may be demonstrated ; that
may be proved beyond doubt or contradiction ; capable
of being shown by certain evidence, or by evidence that
admits of no doubt.
DE-MON'STRA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being de-
monstrable
DE-MON'STRA-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude doubt ;
beyond the possibility of contradiction.
* DEM'ON-STRATE, or DE-MON'STRATE, v. t. [L.
di'nonstro.] 1. To prove beyond the possibility of doubt j
to pi-cve in such a manner as to reduce the contrary posi-
tion to evident absurdity. — 2. In anatomy, to exhibit the
parts wlien dissected.
+ i)EM'ON-STRA-TED, pp. Proved beyond the possibility
of doubt ; rendered certain to the mind.
*DEM'ON-STRA-TING, ppr. Proving to be certain; evinc-
ing beyond the possibility of doubt.
DE.M-ON-STRaTION, 7!. 1. The act of demonstrating, or
of exhibiting certain proof. 2. The highest degree ofevi-
dence ; certain proof exhibited, or sucli proof as estab-
lishes a fact or proposition beyond a possibility of doubt,
or as shows the contrary position to be absurd or im-
possible. 3. Indubitable evidence of the senses, or of
reason ; evidence which satisfies the mind of the certain-
ty of a fact or proposition, — 4. In logic, a series of syllo-
gisms, all whose premises are either definitions, "self-
evident truths, or propositions already established. 5.
?how ; exhibition, — 6. In anatomy, the exhibition of parts
dissected.
DE-MONSTRA-TiVE, a. 1, Showing or proving by certain
evidence ; having the power of demonstration ; invincibly
conclusive. 2. Having the power of showing with clear-
ness and certainty.
DE-!«ON'STRA-TlVE-LY, adv. With certain evidence ;
with proof which cannot be questioned ; certainly ; clear-
ly ; convincingly.
* DEM'ON-STRA-TOR, n. 1, One who demonstrates •, one
who proves any thing with certainty, or with indubitable
evidence, — 2. In anatomy, one who exhibits the parts
wlien dissected.
DE-MON'STRA-TO-RY, a. Tending to demonstrate ; hav-
ing a tendency to prove beyond a possibility of doubt,
DE-JSIOR-AL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of subverting or cor-
rupting morals ; destruction of moral principles,
DE-lMOR'AL-iZE, v. t. To corrupt or undermine the morals
of; to destroy or lessen the effect of moral principles on 3
to render corrupt in morals. Orattan.
DE-MOR'AL-iZED, pp. CoiTupted in morals.
DE-MOR'AL-iZ-ING, ppr. 1. Corrupting or destroying
morals or moral principles. 2. a. Tending to destroy
mornls or moral principles,
DE-MULCE', (de-muls') v. t. [L, demulceo.] To sooth ;
to soften or pacify.
DE-MUL'CENT,a. [L.dewiziZceTis,] Softening; mollifying;
lenient,
DE-?.l UL'CEXT, 71. Any medicine which lessens acrimo-
ny, or the effects of stimulus on the solids ; that which
softens or mollifies ; as gums, roots of marsh-mallows, and
other mucilaginous substances,
DE-MUR', V. i. [Fr. demcurer.] 1. To stop ; to pause; to
hesitate ; to suspend proceeding ; to delay determination
or conclusion, — 2. In law, to stop at any point in the
pleadings, and rest or abide on that point in law for a de-
cision of the cause,
DE-MUR', V. t. To doubt of. [JVot legitimate.'] Milton.
Ar^
bs or
DE-MUR', n. Stop ; pause ; hesitation as to the propriety
of proceeding ; suspense of proceeding or decision.
DE-MuRE', a. Sober ; gmve ; modest ; downcast. Bacon.
fDE-MuRE', v.i. To look with a grave countenance
Shak.
DE-MuRE'LY, adv. With a grave, solemn countenance •
with a fixed look ; with a solemn gravity,
DE-MuRE'NESS, n. Gravity of countenance ; soberness ; a
modest look, Sidney.
DE-MUR'RAGE, 71. An allowance made to the master of a
trading vessel, for delay or detention in port beyond the
appointed time of departure.
DE-MUR'RER, n. 1. One who demurs.— 2, In law, a stop
at some point in the pleadings, and a restmg of the decision
of the cause on that point ; an issue on matter of law.
DE-MUR'RING, ppr. Stopping ; pausing ; suspending pro-
ceedings or decision ; resting or abidiiig on a point in
law._
DE-MY', 71. [Fr. <femi,] 1 A particular size of paper ; a kind
of paper of small size, 2. A half fellow at Magdalen col
lege, Oxford,
DEI\, 71, [Sax. den, dene, denn.'] 1. A cave or hollow place
in the eartii ; usually applied to a cave, pit, or subterrane
ous recess, used for concealment, shelter, protection or se
curity. 2. As a termination, in names of places, it denotes
the place to be in a valley or near a wood.
DEN, V. i. To dwell as in a den.
DE-NAR'€0T-iZE,7).f, To deprive of narcotuie ; to deprive
of the narcotic principle or quality, Journ. of Science.
DEN'A-RY, a. [L, denarius.'] Containing ten.
DEN'A-RY, n. The number ten. Digby.
*DE-NA'TiON-AL-TZE, v. t. To divest of national charac-
ter or rights, by transferrence to the service of another
nation. See National.
t DE-NaY', 71. Denial ; refusal. Shak.
t DE-Na Y', V. t. To deny, Spenser.
DEN'DRA-CHATE, n. [Gr. devSpov and axarns.] A
rescent agate ; agate containing tiie figures of shrul
parts of plants.
DEN'DRTTE, n. [Gr. ^evhpiTis.] A stone or mineral on or
in which are the figures of shrubs or trees ; an arborescent
mineral,
DEN-DRIT'I€, ) a. Containing tlie figures of shrubs or
DEN-DRIT'I-€AL, \ trees.
DEN'DROID, a. [Gr, 6evhpov and eibos.] Resemblmg a
shrub.
DEN'DROIT, n. A fossil wliich has some resemblance in
form to the branch of a tree.
DEN'DRO-LlTE, n. [Gr, hvhpov and Xifioj,] A petrified or
fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant.
DEN-DR0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. hvhpov and Xoyof .] A discourse
or treatise on trees ; the natural history of trees.
DEN-DROM'E-TER, n. [Gr, hv^pov and /ierpew.] An in-
strument to measure the height and diameter of trees.
t DEN'E-GATE, v. t. [L. denego.] To deny.
t DEN-E-Ga'TION, n. Denial.
DE-Ni'A-BLE, a. That may be denied, or contradicted,
DE-Nl'AL, n. 1. An aflirmation to the contrary ; an asser-
tion that a declaration or fact stated is not true ; negation ;
contradiction, 2, Re&sal to grant ; the negation of a
request or petition, 3, A rejection, or refusing to ac-
knowledge ; a diso%vning, — 4. A denial of one's self, is a
declining of some gratification ; restraint of one's appe-
tites^ or propensities,
DE-Nl'ER, 71. One who denies, or contradicts ; one who re-
fuses, or rejects ; a disowner ; one who does not own,
avovv_or acknowledge,
DE-NIeR', 7t, [Fr.] A small denomination of French money,
the twelfth part of a sol ; a small copper coin.
*DEN'I-GRATE, v.t. [Ij. denigro.] To blacken 3 to make
black. Boyle.
DEN-I-GRa'TION, 71, The act of making black ; a black-
ening.
DEN'I-SON, n. The same as Denizen,
tDEN-I-TRA'TION, 71, A disengaging of nitric acid,
DEN-I-Za'TION, 71, The act of making one a denizen, sub-
ject or citizen.
DEN'I-ZEN, (den'e-zn) n. [W. dinastcr.] 1, In England,
an alien who is made a subject by the king's letters pa-
tent, holding a middle state between an alien and a nat
ural born subject. 2. A stranger admitted to residence
and certain rights in a foreign country. 3, A citizen,
DEN'I-ZEN, V. t. To make a denizen ; to admit to resi-
dence with certain rights and privileges ; to infranchise.
DE-NOM'I-NA-BLE, a. That may be denominated, or
named. Broion.
DE-NOM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. denomino.] To name ; to give
a name or epithet to.
DE-NOM'I-NA-TED, pp. Named ; called.
DE-NOM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Naming.
DE-NOM-I-Na'TION, 71. 1. The act of naming. 2. A name
or appellation ; a vocal sound, customarily used to express
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, % long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;—PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete.
DEN
235
DEP
a thing or a quality, in discourse. 3. A class, society or
collection of individuals, called by the same name.
DE-NOM I-NA-TiVE, a. That gives a name 5 that confers
a distinct appellation.
UE^NOM'I-NA-TOR, n. 1. He that gives a name. 2. In
arithmetic, that nimiber placed below the line in vulgar
fractions, which shows into how many parts the integer
is divided
DE-NoT' A-BLE, a. That may be denoted or marked.
DEN'O-TATE. See Denote.
DEN-0-Ta'TION, n. \1,. denotatio.] The act of denoting.
Hammond.
DE-NoT'A-TlVE, a. Having power to denote.
DE-NoTE', v. t. [L. denoto.] 1. I0 mark ; to signify by a
visible sign ; to indicate ; to express. 2. To show 5 to
betoken ; to indicate.
DE-NoT'ED, pp. Marked ; signified ; indicated.
DE-NoTE'MENT, n. Sign ; indication. Shak.
DE-NoT'ING, ppr. Marking ; expressing ; indicating.
DE-NOUE-MENT, (de-noo'mong') n. [Ft.] The unraveling
or discovery of a plot. [JVot Eng-lish.] Warton.
DE-NOUiVCE'', (de-nouns') v. t. [Fr. denoncer.] 1. To de-
clare solemnly ; to proclaim in a threatening manner 5 to
announce or declare, as a threat. 2. To threaten by some
outward sign or expression. 3. To inform against ; to
accuse.
DE-NOUN'CED, (de-nounsf) pp. 1. Threatened by open
declaration. 2. Accused ; proclaimed.
DE-NOUNCE'MENT, (de-nouns'ment) n. The declaration
of a menace, or of evil ; denunciation.
DE-NOUN'CER, n. One who denounces, or declares a
menace.
DE-NOUN'CING, ppr. Declaring, as a threat ; threatening ;
accusing.
DENSE, (dens) a. [L. densus ; Fr. dense.] 1. Close ; com-
pact ; having its constituent parts closely united ; applied
to solids or fluids. 2. Thick.
DENSE'NESS, (dens'nes) n. The same as density.
DENS'I-TY, n. [L. densitas.] I. Closeness of constituent
parts ; compactness. 2. Thickness.
DENT, n. ]. Literally, a tooth or projecting point. But it
is used to express a gap or notch, or rather a depression
or small hollow in a solid body ; a hollow made by the
pressure of a harder body on a softer ; indentation. In
this sense, it is in customary use in the United States.
2. A stroke. Spenser.
DENT, V. t. To make a dent or small hollow. See Indent.
DEN'TAL, a. [L. dentalis.] Pertaining to the teeth.— In
grammar, formed or pronounced by the teeth, with the
aid of the tongue.
DEN'TAL, n. 1. An articulation or letter formed by placing
the end of the tongue against the upper teeth, or against
the gum that covers the root of the upper teeth. 2. A
genus of sliell-fish, dentalium, of several species.
DEN'TA-LiTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus dentalium.
DEN'TATE, ) a. [L. dentatus.] Toothed ; notched. In
DEN'TA-TED, ) botany, a dentated root is one that con-
sists of a concatenation of joints, resembling a necklace.
A dentate leaf is one that has horizontal points, with a
space between each, or points in the plane of the disk, or
having points like teeth on the margin.
DEN TA-TO-SIN'U-ATE, a. Having points like teeth,
with hollows about the edge.
DENT'ED, a. Indented ; impressed with little hollows.
DEN-TEL'Ll, n. [It. dentello.] Modillions. Spectator.
DEN'TI-€LE, n. [L. denticuliis.] A small tooth or project-
ing point. Lee.
DEN-TI€'U-LATE, ) a. [L. dentimlatus.] Having small
DEN-TI€'U-LA-TED, ] teeth or notches.
DEN-TIC-U-La'TION, n. The state of being set with small
teeth, or prominences or points, resembling the teeth of a
saw.
DEN'TI-FORM, a. [L. dens and forma.] Having the form
of a tooth. Kirwan.
DEN'Tl-FRlCE, n. [Fr.] A powder or other substance to
be used in cleaning the teeth.
DEN'TIL, n. [L. dens.] In architecture, an ornament in
cornices bearing some resemblance to teeth ; used particu-
larly in the Ionic and Corinthian orders.
DEN'TIST, n. One whose occupation is to clean and ex-
tract teeth, or repair the loss of them.
DEN-TI 'TION, 71. [L. dentitio.] 1. The breeding or cutting
of teeth in infancy. 2. The tune of breeding teeth.
DEN'TiZE, V. t. To renew the teeth, or have them re-
newed.
DEN'TOID, a. [L. dens, and Gr. £t(5off.] Having the form
of teeth. Barton.
DE-Nu'DATE, ) v. t. [L. denudo.] To strip ; to divest of
DE-NuDE', \ all covering ; to make bare or naked.
DEN-U-Da'TION, n. 1. The act of stripping off covering ;
a making bare. — 2. In geology, the act of washing away
the surface of the earth by the deluge or other flood.
DE-NuD'ED, p;?. Stripped ; divested of covering ; laid bare.
DE-NCD'ING, pjjr. Stripping off" covering 3 making bare.
DE-NUN CIATE, v. t. [L. denmicio.] To denounce, which
see.
DE-NUN-CI-A'TION, n. [L. denunciatio.] I . Publication ;
proclamation ; annunciation ; preaching. 2. Solemn or
formal declaration, accompanied with a menace ; or the
declaration of intended evil j proclamation of a threat 5 a
public menace.
DE-NUN-CI-A'TOR, n. 1. He that denounces ; one who
publishes or proclauns, especially intended evil ; one who
threatens. 2. An accuser 5 one who informs against
another.
DE-NY', v.t. [Fr. denier.] 1. To contradict ; to gainsay ; to
declare a statement or position not to be true. 2. To
refuse to grant. 3. Not to afford; to withhold. 4. To
disown ; to refuse or neglect to acknowledge ; not to con-
fess. 5. To reject ; to disown; not to receive or embrace.
6. Not to afford or yield. — To deny one's self, is to decline
the gratification of appetites or desires ; to refrain from
to abstain.
DE-OB-STRUt3T', v. t. [L. de and obstruo.] To remove ob-
structions, or impediments to a passage ; to clear from any
thing that hinders the passage of fluids in the proper ducts
of the body.
DE-OB-STRUCT'ED, ^. Cleared of obstructions ; opened.
DE-OB-STRU€T'ING, ppr. Removing impediments to a
passage.
DE-OB'STRU-ENT, a. Removing obstructions ; having
power to clear or open the natural ducts of the fluids and
secretions of the body ; resolving viscidities ; aperient.
DE-OB'STRU-ENT, n. Any medicine which removes ob-
structions, and opens the natural passages of the fluids of
the body, as the pores and lacteal vessels ; an aperient.
DE'O-DAND, ?(. [L. Deo dandus.] In England, a personal
chattel which is the immediate occasion of the death of a
rational creature, and, for that reason, given to God, that
is, forfeited to the king, to be applied to pious uses, and-
distributed in alms by his high almoner. Blackstone.
t DE-ON'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. deonero.] To unload.
DE-OP'PI-LATE, V. t. [L. de and oppilo.] To free from ob
structions ; to clear a passage. [Little used.]
DE-OP-PI-La'TION, n. The removal of obstructions. [Lit-
tle 2ised.] Brown.
DE-OP'PI-LA-TtVE, a. Deobstruent ; aperient. Harvey.
t DE-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. [L. de and ordinatio.] Disorder
Rawley.
t DE-aS'CU-LATE, v. t. [L. deosculor.] To kiss.
t DE-OS-€U-La'TION, 71. A kissing. Stilling fleet.
DE-OX'Y-DATE, v. t. [de and oxydate.] To deprive of oxy-
gen, or reduce from the state of an oxyd.
DE-OX'Y-DA-TED, pp. Reduced from the state of an ox^^d.
DE-OX'Y-DA-TING, ppr. Reducing from the state of an
oxyd.
DE-OX-Y-Da'TION, n. The act or process of reducing from
the state of an oxyd.
DE-OX- Y-DI-Za'TION, n. Deoxydation.
DE-OX'Y-DiZE, fc. t. To deoxydate.
DE-OX'Y-DlZED, pp. Deoxy dated.
DE-OX'Y-DlZ-ING, ppr. Deoxydating.
DE-OX'Y-6EN-ATE, v. t. To deprive of oxygen. Daw.
DE-OX'Y-GEN-A-TED, |?;7. Deprived of oxygen.
DE-OX'Y-6EN-A-TING, ppr. Depriving of oxygen.
DE-OX-Y-6EN-A'TION, n. The act or operation of depriv-
ing of oxvgeui
DE-PaINT', v. t. [Fr. depeindre, depeint.] 1. To paint ; to
picture ; to represent in colors, as by painting the resem-
blance of. Spenser. 2. To describe in words. Gay.
DE-PaINT'ED, pp. Painted ; represented in colors ; de-
scribed.
DE-PaINT'ER, 71. A painter. Douglas.
DE-PaINT'ING , ppr. Painting ; representing in colors
describing.
DE-PART', V. i. [Fr. departir.] 1. To go or move from.
2. To go from ; to leave , to desist, as from a practice.
3. To leave ; to deviate from ; to forsake ; not to adhere
to or follow. 4. To desist ; to leave ; to abandon. 5. To
be lost ; to perish ; to vanish. 6. To die ; to decease ; to
leave this world. — To depart this life, is elliptical, from.
being understood. 7. To leave ; to forsake ; to abandon
8. To cease. 9. To deviate : to vary from. 10. To vary;
to deviate from the title or defense in pleading. 11. To
part with ; [not in use.] Shak. — To depart from God, is to
forsake his service, and live in sin ; to apostatize ; to re-
volt ; to desert his government and laws. — God departs
from men, when he abandons them to their own sinful in-
clinations.
t DE-PART', V. t. To divide or separate ; to part. Shak-
t DE-PART', n. 1. The act of going away; death. Shak.
2. Division ; separation. Bacon.
fDE-PART'ER, n. One who refines metals by separation.
DE-PART'ING, ppr. Going from; leaving; desistiug; for-
saking; vanishing; dying.
DE-PART'ING, 71. A going away ; separation. Shak.
DE-PART'MENT, n. [Fr. departement.] 1. Literally, a
separation or division ; hence, a separate part, or portion ,
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
DEP
236
DEP
a division of territory. 2 A separate allotment or part of
business ; a distinct province, in which a class of duties
are allotted to a particular person. 3. A separate sta-
tion.
DE-PART-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to a department, or
division.
DE-PART'URE, n. 1. The act of going away ; a moving
from or leaving a place. 2. Death ; decease ; removal
from the present life. 3. A forsaking ; abandonment. 4,
A desisting. 5. Ruin ; destruction. 6. A deviation from
the title or defense in pleading. — 7. In navigation, the
distance of two places on tlie same parallel, counted in
miles of the equator.
DE-PAS'CENT, a. [L. depascens.] Feeding.
DE-PAST'URE, v. t. [L. depascor.] To eat up , to con-
sume. Spenser.
DE-PAST'URE, v. i. To feed ; to graze. Blackstone.
DE-PAST'U-RING, ppr. Feeding ; grazing ; eating up.
DE-PAU'PER-ATE, v. t. [L. depaupero.] To make poor ;
to impoverish ; to deprive of fertility or richness. Arbuth-
not.
DE-PAU'PER-A-TED, pp. Impoverished ; made poor.
DE-PAU'PER-A-TING, ppr. Impoverishuig ; making poor.
t D£-PE€'TI-BLE, a. [L. depecto.] Tough ; thick.
DE-PEe-U-LA'TION, w. [1.. depeculatio.] A robbing of the
commonwealth. Cockeram.
t DE-PEIN€T', (de-paiif) v. t. [L. depingo.] To paint.
DE-PEND', v.i. [L. dependeo.] 1. To hang ; to be sustained
bv being fastened or attached to something above. 2. To
be connected with any thing, as the cause of its existence
or of its operation and effects ; to rely on ; to have such
connection with any thing as a cause, that, without it,
tlie effect would not be produced. 3. To adhere; to
hold to ; to be retained. 4. To be in suspense ; to be ua-
determined. 5. To rely ; to rest with confidence ; to
trust; to confide; to have full confidence or belief.— To
depend on or upon, to rely ; to trust in, with confidence.
fDE-PEND'A-BLE, a. That may be depended on. Pope.
DE-PEND'ENCE, n. 1. A state of hanging down from a
DE-PEND'EN-CY, \ supporter. 2. Any thing hanging
down ; a series of things hanging to another. 3. Concat-
enation ; connection by which one thing is sustained by
another, in its place, operations or effects, or is affected
by it. 4. A state of being at the disposal of another ; a
state of being subject to the will of an intelligent cause, or
to the power and operation of any other cause ; inability
to sustain itself without the aid of. 5. Reliance ; confi-
dence ; trust ; a resting on. 6. Accident ; that of which
the existence presupposes the existence of something else ;
that which pertains to something else. 7. That which is
attached to, but subordinate to something else. 8. A ter-
ritory remote from the kingdom or state to which it be-
longs, but subject to its dominion.
DE-PEND'ENT, a. 1. Hanging down, 2. Subject to the
power of; at the disposal of; not able to exist or sustain
itself without the will or power of. 3. Relying on for
support or favor ; unable to subsist or to perform any thing,
without the aid of.
DE-PEND'ENT, n. One who is at the disposal of another ;
one who is sustained by anotlier, or who relies on another
for support or favor ; a retainer.
DE-PEND'ER, n. One who depends ; a dependent.
DE-PEND'ING, ppr. 1. Hanging down ; relying. 2. a.
Pending; undecided.
DE-PER'DIT, a. [L. deperditus.] That which is lost cr de-
stroyed. Paley.
DEP-ER-Di"TION, n. Loss ; destruction. Broton.
DE-PER DIT-LY, adv. In a lost or ruined manner.
DE-PHLEG'MATE, v. t. {de, and Gr. (fXeyfia.'] To deprive
of superabundant water, as by evaporation or distillation ;
to clear spirit or acids of aqueous matter ; to rectify. [X)e-
phleirm is used by Boyle.}
DEPH-LEG-Ma'TION, 71. The operation of separating wa-
ter from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated dis-
tillation.
\ DE-PHLEGM'ED-NESS, (de-flem'ed-nes) n A state of
being freed from water. Boyle.
DEPH-LO-GIS TI-€ATE, v. t. [de, and Gr. ^Xoytffrof .] To
deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of inflam-
maoility.
DEPH-LO-GIS'TI-CA-TED, pp. Deprived of phlogiston.
DE-PICT', V. t. [li. depingo, depictum.] 1. To paint; to
portray ; to form a likeness in colours. 2. To describe ;
to represent in words.
DE-PI€T'ED, pp. Painted ; represented in colors ; described.
DE-PICT'ING,' ppr. Painting ; representing in colors, or in
words.
DE-PI€T'URE, v. t. To paint ; to picture ; to represent in
colors. See Depict.
DEP'I-LATE, v.t. [L. depil.o.'] To strip of hair.
DEP-I-LA'TION, n. The act of pulling off the hair.
* DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality or power to take
off hair and make bald.
* DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, n. Any application which is uesd to
take off the hair of an animal body ; such as lime and or-
piment. Encyc.
t DEP'I-LOUS, a. Without hair. Brown.
DEP-LAN-Ta'TION, 71. [h. deplanto.] The act of taking
up plants from beds.
DE-PLe'TION, 71. [L.depleo.] The act of emptying ; par-
ticularly, in the medical art, the act of diminishing the
quantity of blood in the vessels by venesection ; blood-let-
ting. _
DE-PLoR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be deplored or lament
ed ; lamentable ; that demands or causes lamentation ^
hence, sad ; calamitous ; grievous ; miserable ; wretched.
Deplorate, in a like sense, is not used. 2. In popular itse,
low ; contemptible ; pitiable.
DE-PLoR'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being deplorable ,
misery ; wretchedness; a miserable state.
DE-PLoR'A-BLY, adv. In a manner to be deplored; la-
mentably; miserably.
DEP-LO-Ra'TION, 71. The act of lamenting.— In music, a
dirge or mournful strain.
DE-PLoRE', v. t. [L. deplore.'] To lament ; to bewail ; to
mourn ; to feel or express deep and poignant grief for.
DE-PLOR'ED, (de-pl5rd') pp. Lamented ; bewailed ; deep-
ly regretted,
t DE-PL6R'ED-LY, adv. Lamentably. Taylor.
t DE-PLoRE'MENT, n. A weeping ; a lamenting.
DE-PLoR'ER, 71. One who deplores or deeply laments ; a
deep mourner.
DE-PLoR'ING, ppr. Bewailing ; deeply lamenting.
DE-PLOY', V. t. [Fr. deployer.] To display, to open, to
extend ; a military term.
DE-PLOY', V. i. To open ; to extend ; to form a more ex-
tended front or line.
DE-PLOY'ING, ppr. Opening ; extending ; displaying.
DEP-LU-Ma'TION, n. 1. The stripping or failing off of
plumes or feathers. 2. A tumor of the eyelids with loss
of hair.
DE-PLuME', V. t. [L. deplumo.] To strip or pluck off feath-
ers ; to deprive of plumage.
DE-PLuM'ED, (de-pliimd') pp. Stripped of feathers or
plumes.
DE-PLuM'ING, ppr. Stripping off plumes or feathers.
DE-Po'LAR-iZE, V. t. To deprive of polarity.
f DE-PoNE', V. t. [L. depono.] To lay down as a pledge ;
to wage. Hudibras.
DE-Po'NENT, a. fL. deponens.] 1. Laying down.— 2. A
deponent verb, in the Latin Grammar, is a verb which has
a passive termination, with an active signification.
DE-Po'NENT, n. 1. One who deposes, or gives a deposition
under oath ; one who gives written testimony to be used
as evidence in a court of justice. 2. A deponent verb.
DE-POP'U-LATE, v. t. [L. depopulor.] To dispeople ; to
unpeople ; to deprive of inhabitants.
DE-POP'U-LATE, v. i. To become dispeopled.
DE-POP'U-LA-TED, pp. Dispeopled ; deprived of inhabit-
ants.
DE-POP' (J-LA-TING, ppr. Dispeopling ; depriving of in-
habitants.
DE-POP-U-LA'TION, n. The act of dispeopling ; destruc-
tion or expulsion of inhabitants.
DE-POP'U-LA-TOR, n. One who depopulates; one who
destroys or expels the inhabitants of a city, town or coun-
try ; a dispeopler.
DE-PoRT', V. t. [Fr. deporter.] 1. With the reciprocal
pronoun, to carry ; to demean ; to beliave. 2. To trans-
port ; to carry away, or from one country to another
PFalsh.
DE-PoRT', n. Behaviour; carriage; demeanor; deport-
ment. [A poetic word,] Milton.
DEP-OR-TA TION, n. Transportation ; a carrying away ;
a removal from one country to another, or to a distant
place ; exile ; banishment.
DE-PoRT'ED, pp. Carried away ; transported ; banished.
DE-PoRT'ING, 2)pr- Carrying away ; removing to a distant
place or country ; transporting ; banishing.
DE-PoRT'MENT, n. [Fr. deportement.] Carriage ; manner
of acting in relation to the duties of life ; behaviour ; de-
meanor ; conduct ; management.
DE-PoS'A-BLE, a. That may be deposed, or deprived of
office. Howell.
DE-Po'SAL, 71. The act of deposing, or divesting of office
Fox^
DE-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. deposer.] 1. To lay down ; to throw j
to let fall. 2. To reduce from a throne or other high sta-
tion ; to dethrone ; to degrade ; to divest of office. 3. To
give testimony on oath, especially to give testimony
which is committed to writing ; to give answers to inter-
rogatories, intended as evidence in a court. 4. To lay
aside. Barrow. 5. To take away ; to strip ; to divest ;
[not iM use.] ShaJc. 6. To examine on oath ; [not in use.]
Shak.
DE-PoSE', r. i. To bear witness. Sidney.
DE-PoS'ED, (de-pozd') pp. Dethroned ; degraded ; testified ,
See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U Y, lonff.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :
t Obsolete.
DEP
237
DEP
DE-PoS'ER, n. One who deposes or degrades from office.
DE-PoS'ING, ppr. Dethroning; degrading; bearing wit-
DE-Po*S'ING, 71. The ac£ of dethroning. Seldcn
DE-POS'IT, V. t. [L. depositum.'] 1. To lay down ; to lay ;
to throw down. 2. To lay up ; to lay in a place for pre-
servation. 3. To lodge in the hands of a person for safe-
keeping or other purpose ; to commit to the care of; to
intrust ; to commit to one as a pledge. 4. To lay aside ;
[little used.l
PE-POS'IT, n. 1. That which is laid or thrown down ; any
matter laid or thrown down, or lodged. Kirwan. 2. Any
thing mtrusted to the care of another ; a pledge ; a pawn ;
a thing given as security, or for preservation. 3. A place
, where things are deposited ; a depository. 4. [Fr. depot.]
A city or town where goods are lodged for safe-keeping
or for re-shipment. — In deposit, in a state of pledge, or
for safe-keeping.
BE-POS'I-TA-RY, n. [Fr. depositaire.] A person with
whom any thing is left or lodged in trust ; one to whom
a thing is committed for safe keeping, or to be used for the
benefit of the owner ; a trustee ; a guardian.
DE-POS'IT-ING, ppr. Laying down ; pledging ; repositing.
D£P-0-Sl"TION, n. [L. depositio.] 1. The act of laying
or throwing down. 2. That which is thrown down ;
tliat which is lodged. 3. The act of giving testimony
under oath. 4. The attested written testimony of a wit-
ness ; an affidavit. 5. The act of dethroning a king, or
the degrading of a person from an office or station ; a di-
vesting of sovereignty, or of office and dignity ; a depriv-
ing of clerical orders.
DE-POS'I-TO-RY, n. A place where any thing is lodged
for safe-keeping.
DE-POS'I-TUM, n. A deposit. [J^Tot English, nor in use.]
DE-POT, (de-po') [A French word. See Deposit,]
DEP-P..A-Va'TION, n. [L. depravatio.] 1. The act of mak-
ing bad or worse ; the act of corrupting. 2. The state of
being made bad or worse ; degeneracy ; a state in which
good qualities are lost, or impaired. 3. Censure ; defama-
tion ; [not used.] Shak.
DE-PRa VE', v. t. [L. depravo.] 1. To make bad or woi-se :
to impair good qualities ; to make bad qualities worse ; to
vitiate ; to corrupt. 2. To defame ; to vilify ; [not used.]
Shak._
DE-PRa V'ED, (de-pravd') pp. 1. Made bad or worse ; vitiat-
ed ; tainted ; corrupted. 2. a. Corrupt ; wicked ; destitute
of holiness or good principles.
DE-PRaVED-LY, adv. In a corrupt manner.
DE-PR aV'ED-NESS, n. Corruption ; taint ; a vitiated state.
Hammond.
DE-PRaVE'MENT, n. A vitiated state. Brown.
DE-PRaV'ER, n. A corrupter ; he who vitiates ; a vilifier.
DE-PRa V'ING, ppr. Making bad ; corrupting.
t DE-PR A V'ING, n. A traducing.
DE-PR AV'I-TY, n. 1. Corruption ; a vitiated state. 9. A
vitiated state of the heart ; wickedness ; corruption of
moral principles ; destitution of holiness or good princi-
ples.
t DEP'RE-€A-BLE, a. That is to be averted, or begged off.
DEP'RE-CATE, v. t. [L. deprecor.] 1. To pray against;
to pray or entreat that a present evil may be removed, or
an expected one averted. 2. More generally, to regret ;
to have or to express deep sorrow at a present evil, or at
one that may occur. 3. To implore mercy of ; [improper.]
Prior.
DEP'RE-CA-TED, pp. Prayed against ; deeply regretted.
DEP'RE-CA-TING, ppr. Praying against ; regretting.
DEP-RE-€a'TION, n. 1. A praying against ; a praying
that an evil may be removed or prevented. 9. Entreaty ;
petitioning ; an excasing ; a begging pardon for.
DEP'RE-€A-T0R, n. One who deprecates.
DEFRE-CA-TO-RY, ) a. 1. That serves to deprecate ;
DEP'RE-CA-TlVE, \ tending to remove or avert evil
by prayer. 2. Having the form of prayer.
DE-PRe'CIATE, v. t. [Low L. depretio.] I. To lessen the
price of a thing ; to cry down the price or value. 2. To
undervalue ; to represent as of little value or merit, or of
less value than is commonly supposed. 3. To lower the
value.
DE-PRE'CIATE, V. i. To fall in value ; to become of less
worth.
DE-PRe'CIA-TED, pp. Lessened in value or price ; under-
valued.
DE-PRe'CIA-TING, ppr. L Lessening the price or worth ;
undervaluing.' 2. Falling in value.
DE-PRE-CI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of lessening or crying
down price or value. 2. The falling of value ; reduction
of worth.
DEP'RE-DATE, v.t. [L, deprcedor.] I. To plunder; to
rob ; to pillage ; to take the property of an enemy or of a
foreign country by force. 2. To prey upon ; to waste ; to
spoil. 3. To devour ; to destroy by eating.
DEP'RE-DATE, v. i. To take plunder or prey ; to commit
waste.
DEP'RE-DA-TED, pp Spoiled ; plundered ; wasted ; pil-
laged.
DEP'RE-DA-TING, p^r. Plundering; robbing; pillaging.
DEP-RE-Da'TION, n. 1. The act of plundering ; a robbing ,
a pillaging. 2. Waste; consumption; a taking away by
any^actof violence.
One who plunders, or pillages; a
DEP'RE-DA-TOR,
spoiler ; a waster.
DEP'RE-DA-TO-RY,
pillaging.
-RE-HEND'
Plundering ; spoiling ; consisting
DEP-RE
V t.
[L. deprehendo.] 1. To catch ; to
take unawares or by surprise ; to seize, as a person com-
mitting an unlawful act. 2. To detect ; to discover ; to
obtain the knowledge of. [Deprehend and its derivatives
are little used.]
t D3P-RE-HEND', v. i. To discover.
DEP-RE-HEND'ED, pp. Taken by surprise ; caught ; seiz-
ed ; discovered.
DEP-RE-HEND'ING, ppr. Taking unawares; catching:
seizing; discovering.
DEP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. That may be caught, oi discov-
ered.
DEP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Capableness of being
caught or discovered.
DEP-RE-HEN'SION, n. A catching or seizing ; a discov-
ery.
DE-PRESS', V. t. [L. depressus.] 1. To press down ; to
press to a lower state or position. 2. To let fall ; to bring
down. 3. To render dull or languid ; to limit or diminisli.
4. To sink; to lower; to deject ; to make sad. 5. To
humble; to abase. 6. To sink in altitude; to cause to
appear lower or nearer the horizon. 7. To impoverish ;
to lower in temporal estate. 8. To lower in value.
DE-PRESS'ED, (de-presf) pp. 1. Pressed or forced down ;
lowered ; dejected ; dispirited ; sad ; humbled f sunk ;
rendered languid. — 2. In botany, a depressed leaf is hol-
low in the middle, or has the disk more depressed tlian
the sides.
DE-PRESS'ING, ppr. Pressing down; lowering in place ;
letting fall ; sinking ; dejecting ; abasing ; impoverish-
ing ; rendering languid.
DE-PRES'SION, n. 1. The act of pressing down; or the
state of being pressed down ; a low state. 2. A hollow ;
a sinking or falling in of a surface ; or a forcing inwards.
3. The act of humbling ; abasement. 4. A sinking of the
spirits ; dejection ; a state of sadness ; want of courage or
animation. 5. A low state of strength ; a state of body
succeeding debility in the formation of disease. G. A low
state of business or of property. 7. The sinking of the
polar star towards the horizon, as a person recedes from
the pole towards the equator. Also, the distance of a star
from the horizon below. — 8. In algebra, the depression of
an equation is the bringing of it into lower and more sim-
ple terms by division.
DE-PRESS'IVE, a. Able or tending to depress or cast down.
DE-PRESS'OR, n. 1. He that presses down ; an oppres-
sor. — %. In anatomy, a muscle that depresses or draws
down the part to which it is attached.
DEP'RI-MENT, n. An epithet applied to one of the straight
muscles that move the globe of the eye.
DE-PRIV'A-BLE, a. That may be deprived.
DEP-RI-VA'TION, n. 1. The act of depriving ; a taking
away. 2. A state of being deprived; loss; want; be-
reavement by loss of friends or of goods. — 3. In law, the
act of divesting a bishop or other clergyman of his spirit-
ual promotion or dignity ; the taking away of a prefer-
ment ; deposition.
DE-PRIVE', V. t. [L. de and pnvo.] 1. To take from ; to
bereave of something possessed or enjoyed. 2. To hinder
from possessing or enjoying ; to debar. 3. To free or re-
lease from. 4. To divest of an ecclesiastical preferment,
dignity or office ; to divest of orders.
IJE-PRIV'ED, (de-prlvd') pp. Bereft ; divested ; hindered ,
stripped of office or dignity ; deposed ; degraded.
DE-PRlVE'MENT, n. The state of losing or being depriv-
ed.
DE-PRlV'ER, n. He or that which deprives or bereaves.
DB-PRlV'ING, ppr. Bereaving; taking away what is pos-
sessed ; divesting ; hindering from enjoying ; deposing.
DEPTH, n. 1. Deepness ; the distance or measure of a tiling
from the surface to the bottom, or to the extreme part
downwards or inwards. 2. A deep place. 3. The sea,
the ocean. 4. The abyss ; a gulf of infinite profundity
5. The middle or height of a season, as the depth of win-
ter ; or the middle, the darkest or stillest part, as the depth
of night ; or the inner part, a p,art remote from the border
as the depth of a wood. 6. Abstruseness ; obscurity; that
which is not easily explored. 7 Unsearchableness ; in-
finity. 8. The breadth and depth of the love of Christ are
its vast extent. 9. Profoundness ; extent of penetration,
or of the capacity of penetrating. — 10. The depth of a
squadron or battalion is the number of men in a file,
which forms the extent from the front to the rear. — 11.
Depth of a sail, the extent of the square sails from the
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
DER
238
DER
head-rope to the foot-rope, or the length of the after-leech
of a stay-sail or a boom-sail.
f DEPTH EN, V. t. To deepen. Diet.
f DE-Pu'CE-LATE,D. t. Todeflourj to bereave of virginity.
i DE-PULSE , V. t. To drive away. Cockeram.
DE-PUL'SION, 71. [L. depulsio.] A driving or thrusting
away. Ses Repulsion.
DE-PUL'SO-RY, a. Driving or thrusting away ; averting.
DEFU-RATE, v. U [Fr. depurer.] To purify ; to free from
impurities, heterogeneous matter or feculence.
DEPU-RATE, a. Cleansed; pare; not contaminated.
Olanville.
DEP'U-RA-TED, pp. Purified from heterogeneous matter,
or from impurities. E. Stiles.
DEP'U-RA-TING, jipr. Purifying ; freeing from impurities.
DEP-U-Ra'TION, 11. 1. The act of purifying or freeing f u-
ids from heterogeneous matter, 2. The cleansing of a
wound from impure matter.
DEP'U-RA-T0-R!>^, a. Cleansing ; purifymg ; or tending to
purifv. Sydenham.
t DE-PuRE', V. t. To depurate.
DEP-U-TA'TION, ?i. [Fr.] 1. The act of appointing a sub-
stitute or representative to act for another ; the act of
appointing and sending a deputy or substitute to transact
business for another, as his agent. 2. A special commis-
sion or authority to act as the substitute of another. 3. The
person deputed ; the person or persons authorized and
sent to transact business tor another.
DE-PuTE', v. t. [Fr. deputer.} To appoint as a substitute
or agent to act for another ; to appoint and send with •'
special commission or authority to transact business in
another's name.
DE-PtJT'ED, pp. Appointed as a substitute ; appointed and
sent with special authority to act for another.
DE-PCfT'ING, ppr. Appointing as a substitute ; appointing
and sending with a speciarl commission to transact busi-
ness for another.
DEP'U-TIZE, V. t. To appoint a deputy ; to empower to
act for another, as a sheriff.
DEP'U-TY, 11. [Fr. depute.] 1. A person appointed or elected
to act for another, especially a person sent with a special
commission to act in the place of another ; a lieutenant ; a
viceroy. — 2. In law, one that exercises an office in ano-
ther's right, and the forfeiture or misdemeanor of such dep-
uty shall cause the person he represents to lose his office.
DEP'U-TY-€OL-LEeT'OR, n. A person appointed to
perform the duties of a collector of the customs, in place
of the collector.
DEP'U-TY-MAR'SHAL, n. One appointed to act in the
place of the marshal.
DEP'U-TY-PoST'-MAS-TER, n. A person who is appoint-
ed to act as post-master, in subordination to the post-mas-
ter-general.
DEP'U-TY-SHER'IFF, ) n. A person deputed or authorized
DEP'U-TY-SHER'IF, \ to perform the duties of the
sheriff, as his substitute. In like manner, we use deputy-
commissary, deputy pay-master, &c.
fDE-QUAN'TI-TATE, v. t. To diminish the quantity of.
Brown.
DER, prefixed to names of places, may be from Sax. deor,
a wild beast, or from dur, water.
DE-RAC'I-NATE, v. t. [Fr. deraciner.] To pluck up by
the roots ; to extirpate. [Little used.] Shak.
DE-RAC'I-NA-TED, pp. Plucked up by the roots ; extir-
pated.
DE-RAC'I-NA-TING, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; extir-
pating.
+ DE-RaIGN', ) V. t. [Nonn. derener, dereigner.] To prove ;
T DE-RaIN', \ to justify ; to vindicate, as an asser-
tion ; to clear one's self.
DE-RAIGN'MENT, ) n. The act of deraigning ; proof; jus-
DE-RaIN'MENT, i tification.
DE-RaN6E', v. t. [Fr. deranger.] 1. To put out of order ; to
disturb the regular order of; to throw into confusion.
Burke. Lavoisier Tran. 2. To embaiTass : to disorder.
3. To disorder the intellect ; to disturb the regular opera-
tions of reason. 4. To remove from place or office, as the
personal staff of a principal military officer. W. H. Sumner.
DE-RaNG'ED, (de-ratnjd') pp. Put out of order ; disturbed ;
em oarrassed ; confused; disordered in mind; delirious;
distracted.
DE-RaNGE'MENT, 71. 1. A putting out of order; dis-
turbance of regularity or regular course ; embarrassment.
Washington. 2. Disorder of the mtellect or reason ; deli-
rium ; insanity. Palcy.
DE-11aN6'ING, 2W- 1- Putting out of order ; disturbing
regularity or regular course ; embarrassment ; confusion.
Hamilton. 9. Disordering the rational powers.
T DE-RaY', v. t. Tumult ; disorder : merriment.
JDkRE, a. Hurtful.
{DeRE, v. t. [Sax. derian.] To hurt.
DER'E-LI€T, a. [L. dcrelictus.] Left ; abandoned.
DER'E-LICT, 71. 1. In law, an article of goods, or any
commodity, thrown away, relinquished or abandoned by
the owner. 2. A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit
for cultivation or use.
DER-E-LI€'TI0N, 71. [L. derelictio.] 1. The act of leav-
ing with an intention not to reclaim ; an utter forsaking ;
abandonment. 2. The state of being left or abandoned.
3. A leaving or receding from.
DE-RlDE', V. t. [L. derideo.] To laugh at in contempt ; to
turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock ; to treat with
scorn by laughter.
DE-RlD'ED, pp. Laughed at in contempt ; mocked ; ridi-
culed.
DE-RlD'ER, n. 1. One who laughs at another in contempt ;
a mocker ; a scoffer. 2. A droll or buffoon.
DE-RlD'ING, ppr. Laughing at with contempt ; mocking ;
ridiculing.
DE-RlD'ING-LY, adv. By way of derision or mockery.
DE-RI'SION, 71. [L. derisio.] 1. The act of laughing at in
contempt. 2. Contempt manifested by laughter; scorn
3. An object of derision or contempt ; a laughing-stock.
DE-RI'SIVE, a. Containing derision; mocking; ridicul-
ing.
DE-Ri'SIVE-LY, adv. With mockery or contempt.
DE-Rl'SO-RY, a. Mocking; ridiculing. Shaftesbury.
DE-RIV*A-BLE, a. 1. That may be derived ; that may be
drawn or received, as from a source. 2. That may be
received from ancestors. 3. That may be drawn, as from
premises ; deducible. 4. That may be drawn from a rad-
ical word.
DER'I-VATE, n. [L. derivatus.] A word derived from
another. Stuart.
DER-I-Va'TION, a. [L. derivatio.] 1. The act of deriving,
drawing or receiving from a source. — 2. In grammar, the
drawuig or tracing of a word from its root or original. 3.
A drawing from, or turning aside from, a natural course
or channel. 4. A drawing of humors from one part of the
body to another. 5. The thing derived or deduced.
Olanville.
DE-RIV'A-TIVE, a. 1. Derived ; taken or having pro-
ceeded from another or something preceding ; secondary.
— 2. A derivative chord, in music, is one derived from a
fundamental chord .
DE-RIV'A-TIVE, n. 1. That which L^ derived ; a word
which takes its origin in another word, or is formed from
it. — 2. In music, a chord not fundamental.
DE-RIV'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In a derivative manner; by
derivation.
DE-RlVE', v. t. [L. derivo.] 1. To draw from, as in a reg-
ular course or channel ; to receive from a source by a reg-
ular conveyance. 2. To draw or receive, as from a
source or origin. 3. To deduce or draw, as from a root,
or primitive word. 4. To turn from its natural course ;
to divert. 5. To communicate from one to another by de-
scent. 6. To spread in various directions; to cause to
flow.
DE-RIVE', V. i. To come or proceed from. [JVb< common.]
DE-RiV'ED, (de-rlvd') pp. Drawn, as from a source; de-
duced ; received ; regularly conveyed ; descended ; com-
municated ; transmitted.
DE-RlV'ER, 71. One who derives, or draws from a source.
DE-RlV'ING, ppr. Drawing ; receiving ; deducing ; com-
municating ; diverting or turning into another channel.
DERM'AL, a. [Gr. ^cp/za.] Pertaming to skin ; consisting
of skin. Fleming.
DERM'OID, a. [Gr. Sepixa and eiSos.] Pertainmg to the
skin ; a medical term.
fDERN, a. [Sax. dearn.] Solitary; sad ; cruel.
t DERN'FJJL, o. Sad; mournful.
*DER-NIeR', a. [Fr.] Last ; final ; ultimate ; as, the dernier
resort.
t DERN'LY, adv. Sadly ; mournfully. More.
DER'O-GATE, v. t. [L. derogo.] 1. To repeal, annul or
destroy the force and effect of some part of a law or estab-
lished rule ; to lessen the extent of a law ; [little used.]
2. To lessen the worth of a person or thing ; to disparage.
DER'O-GATE, v. i. 1. To take away ; to detract ; to lessen
by taking away a part. 2. To act beneath one's rank,
place or birth. [Unusual.]
DER'O-GA-TED, pp. Diminished in value ; degraded ; dam-
aged. [Shakspeare uses derogate in this sense.]
DER'O-GATE-LY, adv. In a manner to lessen or take
from.
DER'O-GA-TING, ppr. Annulling a part; lessening by
taking from.
DER-O-Ga'TION, 71. The act of annulling or revoking a
law, or some part of it. More generally, the act of taking
away or destroying the value or effect of any thing, or of
limiting its extent, or of restraining its operation. 2. The
act of taking something from merit, reputation or lienor ,
a lessening of value or estimation ; detraction ; dispar-
agement.
DE-ROG'A-TIVE, a. Derogatory. [The latter is mostly
used.]
DE-ROG'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a detracting manner.
* Ste Synopsis. 5 , E, T, 0, D, Y, long.— FS.B., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
DES
239
DES
DE-ROG'A-TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being deroga-
tory.
DE-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Detracting or tending to lessen by
taking something from ; that lessens the extent, effect or
value.
t DER'RING, a. Daring. Spenser.
DER'VIS, 71. [Persian.] A Turkish priest or monk, who
professes extreme poverty, and leads an austere life.
DES' ART. .See Deseht.
DES'eANT, n. [Sp. discante.] I. A song or tune composed
in parts. 9. A song or tune with various modulations.
3. A discourse ; discussion ; disputation ; animadversion,
comment, or a series of comments. 4. The art of compos-
ing music in several parts. Descant is plain, figurative
and double.
DES-€ANT', V. i. 1. To run a division or variety with the
voice, on a musical ground in true measure ; to sing. 2.
To discourse ; to comment ; to make a variety of remarks ;
to animadvert freely.
DES-€ANT'ING, ppr. Singing in parts or with various mod-
ulations ; discoursing freely ; commenting.
DES-€ANT'ING, n. Remark ; conjecture. Burnet.
DE-SCEND', V. i. [L. descendo.] 1. To move or pass from
a higher to a lower place ; to move, come or go down-
wards ; to fall ; to sink ; to run or flow down. 2. To go
down, or to enter. 3. To come suddenly ; to fall violent-
ly. 4. To go in ; to enter. 5. To rush ; to invade, as an
enemy. 6. To proceed from a source or original ; to be
derived. 7. To proceed, els from father to son; to pass
from a preceding possessor, in the order of lineage, or ac-
cording to the laws of succession or inheritance. 8. To
pass from general to particular considerations. 9. To come
down from an elevated or honorable station. — 10. In music,
to fall in sound ; to pass from any note to another less
acute or shrill, or from sharp to flat.
DE-SCEND', V. t. To walk, move or pass downwards on a
declivity.
DE-SCEND' ANT, n. [Fr. descendajit.] Any person pro-
ceeding from an ancestor in any degree ; issue ; offspring,
in the line of generation.
DE-SCEND'ENT, a. 1. Descending ; falling ; sinking. 2.
Proceeding from an original or ancestor.
DE-SCEND-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being descendi-
ble, or capable of being transmitted from ancestors.
Blackstone.
DE-SCEND'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be descended, or passed
down. 2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir.
DE-SCEN'SION, n. [L. descensio.] 1. The act of going
downwards ; descent ; a falling or sinking ; declension ;
degradation. — 2. In astronomy, right descension is an arch
of the equinoctial, intercepted between the next equinoc-
tial point and the intersection of the meridian, passing
through the centre of the object, at its setting, in a right
sphere.
DE-SCEN'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to descent.
DE-SCEN'SIVE, a. Tending downwards ; having power to
descend. Sherwood.
DE-SCENT', n. [Fr. descente ; L. descensus.] 1. The act
of descending ; the act of passing from a higher to a lower
place, by any form of motion, as by walking, riding, roll-
ing, sliding, sinking or falling. 2. Inclination down-
ward ; obliquity ; slope ; declivity. 3. Progress down-
ward ; as, the descent from higher to lower orders of be-
ings. 4. Fall from a higher to a lower state or station.
-5. A landing from ships ; invasion of troops from the sea.
6. A passing from an ancestor to an heir ; transmission by
succession or inheritance. 7. A proceeding from an orig-
inal or progenitor. 8. Birth ; extraction ; lineage. 9. A
generation ; a single degree in the scale of genealogy ;
distance from the common ancestor. 10. Offspring ; is-
sue ; descendants. 11. A rank in the scale of subordina-
tion. 12. Lowest place.— 13. In music, a passing from a
note or sound to one more grave or less acute.
DE-S€RiB'A-BLE, a. That may be described ; capable of
description.
DE-SCRiBE', V. t. [L. describo.] 1. To delineate or mark
the form or figure. 2. To make or exhibit a figure by mo-
tion. 3. To show or represent to others in words ; to com-
municate the resemblance of a thing, by naming its na-
ture, form or properties. 4. To represent by signs. 5,
To draw a plan ; to represent by lines and other marks on
paper,_or ot*ier material. 6. To define laxly.
DE-S€RiB'ED, (de-skribd') pp. Represented in form by
marks or figures ; delineated ; represented by words or
signs.
DE-S€RrB'ER, n. One who describes by marks, words or
signs. _
DE-S€RlB'lNG, ppr. Representing the form or figure of, by
lines or marks ; communicating a view of, by words or
signs, or by naming the nature and properties.
DE-SCRi'ED, (de-skride') pp. Espied ; discovered ; seen.
DE-SCRl^ER, n. One who espies, or discovers ; a discover-
er ; a detecter. Crashaw.
DE-S€RIP'TION, n. [L. descriptio.] 1. The act of deline-
ating, or representing the figure of any ihmg by a plan, to
be presented to the eye. 2. The figure or appearance of
any thing delineated, or represented by visible lines^
marks, colors, &c. 3. The act of representing a thing by
words or by signs, or the passage containing such repre-
sentation ; a representation of names, nature or properties,
that gives to another a view of the thing. 4. A definition.
5. The qualities expressed in a representation. 6. The
persons having the qualities expressed ; a class of persons
to whom a description is applicable. Scott.
DE-SORIFTIVE, a. Containing description •, tending to de-
scribe ; having the quality of representing.
t DE-S€RrVE', V. t. [It descrivere ] To dt^ribe
DE-SCR^', V. t. [Norm, descrier or discriver.] l. To espy,
to explore ; to examine by observation. 2. To detect ; to
find out ; to discover any thing concealed. 3. To see ; to
behold ; to have a sight of from a distance. 4. To give
notice of something suddenly discovered ; [not in use.]
Hall.
DE-SCR'S' , n. Discovery ; thing discovered. [Unuszial.]
DE-S€Ry'ING, ppr. Discovering; espying.
tDES'E-€ATE, v.t. To cut off; to cut away; to mow
Cockeram.
DES'E-€RATE, v. t. [L. desecro.] 1. To divert from a sa-
cred purpose or appropriation ; opposed to consecrate. 2.
To divest of a sacred character or office.
DES'E-€RA-TED, pp. Diverted from a sacred purpose or
appropriation ; divested of a sacred character or office.
DES'E-€RA-TING, ppr. Diverting from a purpose to which
a thing is consecrated ; divested of a sacred character or
office.
DES-E-€Ra'TION, n. The act of diverting from a sacred
purpose or use to which a thing had been devoted ; the
act of diverting from a sacred character or office.
DES'ERT, a. [L. desertus.] 1. Literally, forsaken ; hence,
uninhabited. Hence, wild ; untilled ; waste ; uncultivat-
ed. 2. Void ; empty ; unoccupied.
DES'ERT, n. [L. desertum.] An uninhabited tract of land ;
a region in its natural state ; a wilderness ; a solitude ;
particularly, a vast sandy plain.
DE-SERT', V. t. [Fr. deserter.] 1. To forsake ; to leave ut-
terly ; to abandon ; to quit with a view not to return to
2. To leave, without permission, a military band, or a
ship, in which one is enlisted ; to forsake the service in
which one is engaged, in violation of duty.
DE-SERT', V. i. To run away ; to quit a service without
permission.
DE-SERT', w. 1 . A deserving ; that which gives a right to re-
ward or demands, or which renders liable to punishment ;
merit or demerit ; that which entitles to a recompense of
equal value, or demands a punishment equal to the of-
fense ; good conferred, or evil done, which merits an
equivalent return. 2. That which is deserved ; reward or
punishment merited.
DESERT ED,pp. Wholly forsaken ; abandoned ; left.
DE-SERT'ER, n. A person who forsakes Ins cause, his
post, or his party or friend ; particularly, a soldier or sea-
man who quits the service without permission, and in vi-
olation of his engagement.
DE-SERT'FUL, a. High in desert ; meritorious.
DE-SERT'ING, ppr. Forsaking utterly ; abandoning.
DE-SER'TION, n. 1. The act of forsaking or abandoning,
as a party, a friend, a country, an army or military band,
or a ship ; the act of quitting, with an Intention not to re-
turn. 9. The state of being forsaken by God ; spiritual
despondency.
DE-SERT'LESS, a. Without merit or claim to favor or re-
ward. Dry den.
DE-SERT'LESS-LY, adv. Undeservedly, Beaumont.
dI-SERt'IiX^' ! "• ^ ^^^^^^ ^^° deserts. Milton.
DE-SERVE', (de-zerv') v. t. [L. deservio.] 1. To merit :
to be worthy of; applied to good or evil. 2. To merit hy
labor or services ; to have a just claim to an equivalent for
good conferred. 3. To merit by good actions or qualities
in general ; to be Avorthy of, on account of excellence.
4. To be worthy of, in a bad sense ; to merit by an evil
act.
DE-SERVE', V. i. To merit ; to be worthy of or deserving
DE-SERVED, (de-zervd') pp. Merited ; worthy of.
DE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. Justly ; according to desert, wheth
er of good or evil.
DE-SERV'ER, 71. He who deserves or merits ; one who is
worthy of.
DE-SERVING, ppr. 1 . Meriting ; having a just claim to re-
ward ; justly meriting punishment. 9. a. Worthy of re-
ward or praise ; meritorious ; possessed of good qualities
that entitle to approbation.
DE-SERVING, n. The act of meriting ; desert , merit.
DE-SERVING-LY, adv. Meritoriously ; with just desert.
DESH-A-BILLE', ) ,.^^ ^ ^;„. ( n. [Fr.] An undress ; a
DESH-A-BIL', \ Ca«sn-a-Dn; | j^^^^^ morning dress;
hence, any home dress.
DE-S1€'€ANT, a. Drying.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— EIILL, UNITE.— € as K -. 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
DES
240
DES
DE-ST€'€ANT, n. A medicine or application that dries a
5ore. Wiseman.
* DES'ie-€ATE, or DE-Sie'€ATE, v. t. [L. desicco.'] To
dry ; to exhale or remove inoisture from.
* DES'I€-€ATE, v. i. To become dry. Hale.
* DES'ie-€A-TED, pp. Dried.
* DES'ie-€A-TING, ppr. Drying ; exhausting moisture.
DES-I€-€a'TION, n. The act of making dry ; the state of
being dried. Bacon.
DE-Sl€'eA-TxVE, a. Drying ; tending to dry ; that has the
power to dry.
I>E-SI€'€A-TiVE, n. A dryer; that which has the quality
of absorbing moisture.
t DE-SID'ER-ATE, v. t. To want ; to miss.
DE-SID-ER-A'TUM, n. ; plu desiderata. [L.] That vyhich
is desired ; tJiat which is not possessed, but which is de-
sirable ; any perfection or improvement which is wanted.
tDE-SfD-I-oSE', a. [L. desidiosus.] Idle; lazy; heavy.
* DE-SIGN', (de-sine') v. t. [L. desiiruo.] 1. To delineate
a form or figure by drawing the outline ; to sketch. 2. To
plan ; to form an outline or representation of any thing.
3. To project , to form in idea, as a scheme 4. To pur-
pose or intend. 5. To mark out by tokens ; [not used.]
Locke. 6. To intend to apply or appropriate ; with /or.
*DE-SlGN', 71. [Fr. dessein.] 1. A plan or representation of
a thing by an outline ; sketch ; general view ; first idea
represented by visible lines. 2. A scheme or plan in the
mind. 3. Purpose ; intention ; aim ; implying a scheme
or plan in the mind. 4. The idea or scheme iniended to
be expressed by an artist. — 5. In majuifactorics, the figures
with which workmen ennch their stuffs, copied from
painting or draughts. — 6. In music, the invention and
conduct of the subject ; the disposition of every part, and
the general order of the whole.
*DE-SlGN'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being designed or
marked out 2. Distinguishable.
DES'IG-NATi;, V. t. [L. desi^no.] 1. To mark out or show,
so as to make known ; to indicate by visille lines, marks,
description or something known and determinate. 2. To
point out ; to distinguish from others by indication. 3. To
appoint ; to select or distinguish for a particular purpose ;
to assign, with for.
DES'IG-NATE, a. Appointed ; marked out. [Little iLsed.]
DES'IG-NA-TED, pp. Marked out; indicated; shown;
pointed out ; appointed.
DES'IG-NA-TING,pj)/-. Marking out ; indicating; pointing
out ; appointing.
DES-IG-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of pointing or marking
out by signs or objects. 2. Indication ; a showing or
pointing ; a distinguishing from othere. 3. Appointment ;
direction. 4. Appointment ; a selecting and appointiag ;
assignment. 5. Import; distinct application.
UES'IG-NA-TiVE, a. Serving to designate or indicate.
DES'IG-NA-TOR, n. A Roman officer who assigned to each
person his rank and place in public shows and ceremo-
nies. _
*DE-SlGN'ED, (de-sind') pp. Marked out; delineated;
planned ; intended.
* DE-SiGN'ED-LY, adv. By design ; purposely ; intention-
ally. _
*DE-SlGN'ER, n. 1. One who designs, marks out or plans ;
one who frames a scheme or project ; a contriver. 2. One
who plots ; one who lays a scheme ; in an ill sense.
t DE-SlGN'FUL-NESS, n. Abundance of design. Barrow.
*DE-SlGN'ING, ppr. 1. Forming a design ; planning ; de-
lineating the outline ; drawing" figures on a plane. — 2. a.
In an ill sense, artful ; insidious ; intriguing ; contriving
schemes of mischief ; hence, deceitful.
* DE-SlGN'ING, n. The art of delineating objects.
* DE-SlGN'LESy, a. Without design or intention ; inadvert-
ent.
DE-SiGN LESS-LY, adv. Without design ; inadvertently ;
ignoi-antly.
*DE-SIGN'MENT, 7i. 1. Design ; sketch; delineation. 2.
Design ; purpose ; aim ; intent ; scheme. Shak.
DES'I-NENCE, n. [L. desino.] End ; close. Hall.
DES'I-NENT, a. Ending ; extreme ; lowermast.
DE-SIFI-ENT, a. [L. desipiens.] Trifling ; foolish ; play-
ful.
DE-SiR'A-BLE, a. 1. Worthy of desire : that is to be wish-
ed for with sincerity or earnestness. 2. Pleasing ; agree-
able.
DE-STR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being desirable.
Ooodman.
DE-SiRE', 72. [Ft. dcsir.] 1. An emotion or excitement of
the mind, directed to the attainment or possession of an ob-
ject from which pleasure, sensual, intellectual or spiritu-
al, is expected ; a passion excited by the love of an object,
or uneasiness at the want of it, and directed to its attain-
ment or possession. 2. A prayer or request to obtain. 3.
The object of desire ; that which is desired. 4. Love ; af-
fection. 5. Appetite ; lust.
DE-SIRE', V. t. [Fr. desirer.] 1. To wish for the possession
or enjoyment of, with a greater or less degree of earnest-
ness ; to covet. 2. To express a wish to obtain ; to ask 5
to request ; to petition. 3. To require ; [not in use }
Speriscr.
DE-SiR'ED, {(le-zixi')pp. Wished for ; coveted ; requested;
entreated.
DE-SlRE'LESS, a. Free from desire. Donne.
DE-SlR'ER, 71. One who desires or asks ; one who wishes
DE-SlR'ING, ppr. Wishing for ; coveting ; asking ; express-
inga wish ; soliciting.
DE-SlR'OUS, a. Wishing for ; wishing to obtain ; coveting ;
solicitous to possess and enjoy ; as, Be not desirous of his
dainties. Prov. xxiii. Jesus knew they were desirous to
askjiim. Johji, xvi.
DE-SlR'OUS-LY, adv. With desire ; with earnest wishes.
DE-SlR'0US-NESS,7i. The state or affection of being desir
ous.
DE-SIST', V. i. [L. desisto.] To stop ; to cease to act or pro-
ceed ; to forbear.
DE-SIST'ANCE, n. A ceasing to act ; a stopping.
DE-SIST'ING, ppr. Ceasing to act or proceed.
t DeSk^TTVE i °" t^* ^^^^^'^-l Fi^^l 5 conclusive
DE-Si"TION, 71. [L. desitus.] End.
DESK, 71. [D. discli ; Sax. disc.] 1. An inclining table for
the use of writers and readers. 2. The pulpit in a church ;
and, figuratively, the clerical profession.
DESK, V. t. To shut up in a desk ; to treasure. Hall.
DESMlNE, n. A mineral that crystalizes in little silken
tufts.
DES'O-LATE, a. [L. desolatus.] 1. Destitute or deprived
of inhabitants ; desert ; uninhabited ; denoting either
stripped of inhabitants, or never having been inhabited.
2. Laid waste ; in a ruinous condition ; neglected ; de-
stroyed. 3. Solitary ; without a companion ; afflicted.
4. Deserted of God ; deprived of comfort.
DES'O-LATE, v. t. [L. desolo, desolattcs.] 1. To deprive of
inhabitants ; to make desert. 2. To lay waste ; to ruin ;
to ravage ; to destroy improvements or works of art.
DES'0-LA-TED, pp. Deprived of inhabitants ; wasted ; ru-
ined.
DES'O-LATE- LY, adv. In a desolate manner.
DES'0-LA-TER, ii. One who lays waste or desolates ; that
which desolates.
DES'0-LA-TING, ppr. Depriving of inhabitants ; wasting ;
ravaging.
DES-O-La'TION, n. 1. The act of desolating ; destruction
or expulsion of inhabitants ; destruction ; ruin ; waste.
2. A place deprived of inhabitants, or otherwise wasted,
ravaged and ruined. 3. A desolate state; gloominess;
sadness ; destitution.
DES'0-LA-TO-RY, a. Causing desolation.
DE-SPaIR', 71. [Fr. desespoir.] 1. Hopelessness ; a hope-
less state ; a destitution of hope or expectation. 2. That
which causes despair ; that of which there is no hope. 3.
Loss of hope in the mercy of God.
DE-SPaIR', v. i. [Fr. desesperer.] To be without hope ; to
give up all hope or expectation.
t DE-SPAIR', V. t. To cause to despair. &> R. Williams.
t DE-SPaIR'A-BLE, a. Unhopeful.
DE-SPaIR'ER, n. One without hope. Dryden.
DE-SPaIR'FUL, a. Hopeless. Sidney.
DE-SPaIR'ING, ppr. Giving up all hope or expectation.
DE-SPaIR'ING-LY, adv. In a despairing manner; in a
manner indicating hopelessness.
DE-SPATCH'. See Dispatch.
DE-SPECTION, 71. [L. despectio.] A looking down; a
despising. [Little used.]
DES-PE-Ra'DO, 71. [from desperate.] A desperate fellow ;
a furious man ; a madman ; a person urged by furious
passions ; one fearless, or regardless of safety.
DES'PE-RATE, a. [L. desperatus.] 1. Without hope. 2
Without care of safety ; rash ; fearless of danger. 3 Fu-
rious, as a man in despair. 4. Hopeless ; despaired of;
lost beyond hope of recovery ; irretrievable ; irrecovera-
ble ; forlorn. — 5. In a popular sejise, great in the extreme
Pope.
DES'PE-RATE-LY, adv. 1. In a desperate manner, as in
despair ; hence, furiously ; with rage ; madly ; without
regard to danger or safety. — ^2. In a popular sense, great-
ly ; extremely ; violently.
DES'PE-RATE-NESS, n. Madness ; fury ; rash precipi-
tance.
DES-PE-Ra'TION, 71. ]. a despairing; a giving up of
hope. 2. Hopelessness; despair. 3. Fury; rage; disre-
gard of safety or danger.
DES'PI-€A-BLE, a. [Low L. despicabilis.] That may be or
deserves to be despised ; contemptible ; mean ; vile ;
worthless.
DES'PI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being
despicable ; meanness ; vileness ; worthlessness.
DES'PI-€A-BLY, adv. Meanly ; vilely ; contemptibly.
DES-Pi"CIEN-CY, 71. [L. despicio.] A looking down ; a
despising. JMede. [Little used.]
. DE-SPli5'A-BLE, a. Despicable ; contemptible.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN MARKNE, BIRD :— t Obsolete
DES
241
DET
f DE-SPIS'AL, n. Contempt.
DE-SPiSE', V. t. 1. To contemn ; to scorn ; to disdain ; to
have the lowest opinion of. 2. To abhor, Shak.
DE-SPIS'ED, (de-spizd') pp. Contemned ; disdained ; abhor-
red.
DE-SPlS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being despised.
DE-SPlS'ER, n. A contemner ; a scomer.
DE-SPlS'ING, ppr. Contemning ; scorning j disdaining.
DE-SPIS'ING, 71. Contempt.
DE-SPIS'ING-LY, adv. With contempt.
DE-SPlTE', 71. [Fr. depit ; Norm, despite.] 1. Extreme
malice ; violent hatred ; malignity ; malice irritated or en-
raged 5 active malignity ; angry hatred. 2. Defiance wirb
contempt, or contempt of opposition. 3. An act of malice
or contempt.
DE-SPlTE', V. t. To vex ; to offend ; to tease. Raleigh.
DE-SPlTE'FULj a. Full of spite ; malicious 5 malignant.
DE-SPlTE'FlJL-LY, adv. With despite ; maliciously 5 con-
temptuously.
DE-SPiTE'FlJL-NESS, n. Malice ; extreme hatred ; malig-
nity.
t DES-PIT'E-OUS, a. Malicious. Milton.
tDES-PIT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Furiouslv. Spenser.
DE-SPOIL', V. t. [L. despolio.] 1. To strip 5 to take from
by force ; to rob ; to deprive ; followed by of. 2. To stiip
or divest by any means.
DE-SPOIL'ED, (de-spoild')iJi?. Stripped ; robbed ; bereaved ;
deprived .
DE-SPOIL'ER, 7!. One who strips by force ; a plunderer.
DE-SPOIL'ING, ppr. Depriving ; stripping ,• robbing.
DES-PO-LI-A'TION, n. The act of despoiling ; a stripping.
DE-SPOND', V. i. [L. despondeo.] 1. To be cast down ; to
be depressed or dejected in mind ; to fail in spirits. 2. To
lose all courage, spirit or resolution j to sink by loss of
hope.
DE-SPOND'EN-CY, 71. A smking or dejection of spirits at
the loss of hope ; loss of courage at the failure of hope, or
in deep affliction, or at the prospect of insurmountable
difficulties.
DE-SPOND'ENT, a. Losing courage at the loss of hope ;
sinking into dejection ; depressed and inactive in despair.
DE-SPOND'ENT-LY, adv. Without hope.
DE-SPOND'ER, n. One destitute of hope.
DE-SPOND'ING,ppr. Losing courage to act, in consequence
of loss of hope, or of deep calamity, or of difficulties deem-
ed insunnountable ; sinking into dejection ; despairing,
with depression of spirits.
DE-SPOND'ING-LY, adv. In a desponding manner ; with
dejection of spirits 5 despairingly.
t DE-SPONS'ATE, r. f . [L. desponso.] To betroth.
t DES-PON-Sa'TION, 71. A betrothing.
DESPOT, n. [Gr. SeanoTvi.] An emperor, king or prince
invested with absolute power, or ruling without any con-
trol from men, constitution or laws. Hence, in a general
sense, a tyrant.
DES-POT'I€, ) a. 1. Absolute in power ; independent
DES-POT'I-€AL, \ of control from men, constitution or
laws ; arbitrary in the exercise of power. 2. Unlimited
or unrestrained by constitution, laws or men ; absolute.
3. Tyrannical.
DES-POT'I-€AL-LY, adv. With unlimited power ; arbitra-
rily ; in a despotic manner.
DES-POT'I-€AL-NESS, n. Absolute authority.
DES'POT-ISM, n. [Sp. despotismo.] 1. Absolute power;
authority unlimited and uncontrolled by men, constitution
or laws, and depending alone on the will of the prince. 2.
An arbitrary government, as that of Turkey and Persia,
DES'PU-MATE, v. i. [L. despumo.] To foam ; to froth ; to
form froth or scum.
DES-PU-Ma'TION, 71. The act of throwing off excremen-
titious matter, and forming a froth or scmn on the surface
of liquor; clarification; scumming.
DES-aUA-MA'TION, n. [L. desquamo.] A scalinsr or ex-
foliation of bone ; the separation of the cuticle in small
scales.
t DESS, for desk. Chaucer. Spenser.
DESS, V. t. 1. To cut a section of hay from the stack. 2.
To lav close together ; to pile up in order. Grose.
DES-SERT', (dez-zert') n. [Fr. dessert.] A service of fruits
and sweetmeats, at the close of an entertainment ; the
last course at the table, after the meat is removed.
DES'TI-NATE, v. t. [L. destino, destinatus.] To design or
appoint. [Seldom used.] See Destine.
DES'TI-NATE, a. Appomted ; destined ; determined.
DES-TI-Na'TION, 71. [L. destinatio.] 1. The act of destin-
ing, or appointing. 2. The purpose for which any thing
is intended or appointed ; end or ultunate design. 3. The
place to which a thing is appointed.
DES'TiNE, v. t [L. destino.] 1. To set, ordain or appoint
to a use, purpose, state or place. 2. To fix unalterably,
as by a divine decree. 3. To doom ; to devote : to ap-
point unalterably.
DES'TINED, pp. Ordamed ; appointed by previous deter-
mination ; devoted ; fixed unalterably.
DES'TIN-ING, ppr. Ordaining ; appointing.
DES'TI-NY, n. [Fr. destin.] 1. State or condition appointed
^ or predetermined ; ultimate fate. 2. Invincible necessi-
ty ; fate ; a necessity or fixed order of things established
by a divine decree. — Destinies, the fates, or supposed
powers which preside over human life, spin it out and de-
termine it,
DES'TI-TUTE, a. [L. destitutus.] 1. Not having or pos-
sessing ; wanting. 2. Needy ; abject ; comfortless ;
friendless.
DES'TI-TUTE, n. One who is without friends or comfort.
t DES'TI-TUTE, v. t. 1. To forsake. 2. To deprive.
DES-TI-Tu'TION, n. Want ; absence of a thing ; a state
in which something is wanted or not possessed ; poverty.
Hooker.
DE-STROY', V. t. [L. destruo.] 1. To demolish ; to pull
down ; to separate the parts of an edifice, the union of
which is necessary to constitute the thing. 2. To ruin ;
to annihilate a thing by demolishing or by burning. 3.
To ruin ; to bring to naught ; to annihilate. 4. To lay
waste ; to make desolate. 5. To kill ; to slay ; to extir
pate. 6. To take away ; to cause to cease ; to put an end
to. 7. To kill ; to eat ; to devour ; to consume. 8. To
put an end to ; to annihilate a thing or the form in which
it exists.— 9. In chemistry, to resolve a body into its parts
or elements.
DE-STROY' A-BLE, a. That may be destroyed.
DE-STROY'ED, (de-stroyd') pp. Demolished; pulled down ,
ruined ; annihilated ; devoured ; swept away, &c.
DE-STROY'ER, n. One who destroys, or lays waste ; one
who kills a man, or an animal, or who ruins a country,
cities, &c.
DE-STROY'ING, ppr. Demolishing ; laying waste ; killing ;
annihilating ; putting an end to.
DE-STROY'ING, n. Destruction. Milton.
t DE-STRU€T', for destroy, is not used.
DE-STRU€-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable
of destruction.
DE-STRU€'TI-BLE, a. [L. destruo, destructum.] Liable
to destruction ; capable of being destroyed.
DE-STRU€'TION, n. [L. destructio.] 1. The act of de-
stroying ; demolition; apullingdown ; subversion; ruin,
by whatever means. 2. Death ; murder ; slaughter ; mas-
sacre. 3. Ruin. 4. Eternal death. 5. Cause of destruc-
tion ; a consummg plague ; a destroyer.
DE-STRU€'TIVE, a. Causing destruction ; having the
quality of destroying ; ruinous ; mischievous ; pernicious.
DE-STRU€'TIVE-LY, adv. With destruction ; ruinously ;
mischievously ; with power to destroy.
DE-STRU€'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of destroying or
ruining,
t DE-STRUC'TOR, n. A destroyer ; a consumer.
DES-U-Da'TION, n. [L. desudo.] A sweating ; a profuse
or morbid sweating, succeeded by an eruption of pustules,
called heat-pimples,
DES'UE-TUDE, (des'swe-tude) n. [L. desuetudo.] The
cessation of use ; disuse ; discontinuance of practice, cus-
tom or fashion.
DE-SUL'PHU-RATE, «. «. [L. de, and sulphurate.] To de-
prive of sulphur. Chemistry.
DE-SUL'PHU-RA-TED, j)^. Deprived of sulphur,
DE-SUL'PHU-RA-TING, ppr. Depriving of sulphur.
DE-SUL-PHU-Ra'TION, 74. The act or operation of depriv
ing of sulphur.
*DES'UL-T0-RI-LY, adv. In a desultory manner ; without
method ; loosely.
* DES'UL-TO-RI-NESS, 71. A desultory manner; uncon-
nectedness ; a passing from one thing to another without
order or method.
* DES'UL-TO-RY, or DES-UL-TO'RI-OUS, a. [L. desulto-
rius.] 1. Leaping ; passing from one thing or subject to
another, without order or natural connection ; unconnect
ed ; immethodical. 2. Coming suddenly ; started at the
moment ; not proceeding from natural order or connection
with_what precedes.
fDE-SuME', V. t. [L. desumo.] To take from ; to borrow.
DE-TACH', V. t. ['Fi. detacher.] 1. To separate or disunite ;
to disengage ; to part from. 2. To separate men from
their companies or regiments ; to draw from companies or
regiments, as a party of men, and send them on a particu-
lar service. 3. To select ships from a fleet, and send them
on a separate service.
DE-TACH'ED, (de-taclif) pp. 1. Separated ; parted from
disunited ; drawn and sent on a separate service. 2. a
Separate.
DE-TACH'ING, ppr. Separating ; parting from ; drawing
and sending on a separate employment.
DE-TACII'M"ENT, n. 1. The act of detaching or separat-
ing. 2. Abodyof troops, selected or taken from the main
army, and employed on some special service or expedi-
tion. 3. A number of ships, taken from a fleet, and sent
on a separate service.
DE-TaIL', v. t. [Fr. detailler.] 1. To relate, report or nar-
rate in particulars ; to recite the particulars of; to partic-
* See S7j7iopsis.
MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;
"16
-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoleU.
DET
2i2
DET
ularlze ; to relate minutely and distinctly. 2. To select,
as an officer or soldier from a division. Law of Mass.
DE-TaIL', 71. [Fr.l 1. A narration or report of particu-
lars ; a minute and particular account. 2. A selecting of
officers or soldiers from the rosters.
DE-TaIL'ED, (de-tald') pp. Related in particulars ; mi-
nutely recited ; selected.
DE-TaIL'ER, n. One who details.
DE-TaIL'ING, ppr. 1. Relating minutely ; telling the par-
ticulars. 2. Selecting I'^om the rosters.
DE-TaIN', v. t. [L. detineo.] 1. To keep back or from ; to
withhold ; to keep what belongs to another. 2. To keep
or restrain from proceeding, either going or coming 5 to
stay or stop. 3. To hold in custody.
DE-TaIN'DER, n. A writ. See Detinue.
DE-TaIN'ED, (de-tand') pp. Withheld ; kept back ; pre-
vented from going or coming 3 held ; restrained.
DE-TaIN'ER, 71. 1. One who withholds what belongs to
another ; one who detains, stops or prevents from going. —
2. In law, a holding or keeping possession of what be-
longs to another ; detention of what is another's, though
the original taking may be lawful.
DE-TaIN'ING, ;>jjr. Withholding what belongs to another ;
holding back j restraining from going or coming ; holding
in custody.
DE-TaIN'MENT, n. The act of detaining ; detention.
DE-TE€T', v. t. [L. detego, detectus.] Literally, to un-
cover 5 hence, to discover ; to find out ; to bring to
light.
DE-TE€T'ED, pp. Discovered ; found out ; laid open 5
brought to light.
DE-TE€T'ER, n. A discoverer ; one who finds out what
another attempts to conceal.
DE-TE€T'ING, ppr. Discovering ; finding out.
DE-TE€'TI0N, n. 1. The act of detecting ; discovery of a
person or thing attempted to be concealed. 2. Discovery
of any thing before hidden, or unknown.
f DE-TEN'E-BRATE, v. t. [L. de and tenebrm.] To remove
darkness. Brown.
DE-TENT', n. [L. detentv^.] A stop in a clock, which, by
being lifted up or let down, locks and unlocks the clock
in striking.
DE-TEN'TION, n. 1. The act of detaining ; a withholding
from another his right ; a keeping what belongs to anoth-
er, and ought to be restored. 2. Confinement ; restraint.
3. Delay from necessity ; a detaining.
DEi-TER', V. t. [L. deterreo.] 1. To discourage and stop by
fear ; to stop or prevent from acting or proceeding, by
danger, difficulty or other consideration which disheart-
ens, or countervails the motive for an act. 2. To prevent
by prohibition or danger.
DE-TER6E', (de-terj') v. t. [L. detergo.] To cleanse ; to
purge away foul or offending matter, from the body, or
from an ulcer.
DE-TER6'ED, (de-terjd') pp. Cleansed; purged.
DE-TERG'ENT, a. Cleansing ; purging.
DE-TER6'ENT, n. A medicine that has the power of
cleansing the vessels or skin from offending matter.
DE-TER6'ING, ppr. Cleansing ; carrying off obstmctions
or foul matter.
DE-Te'RI-O-RATE, v. i. [Fr. deteriorer.] To grow worse ;
to be impaired in quality ; to degenerate ; opposed to
meliorate.
DE-TE'RI-O-RATE, v. t. To make worse ; to reduce in
quality. Paley.
DE-Te'RI-O-RA-TED, pp. Made worse ; impaired in qual-
ity.
DE-Te'RI-O-RA-TING, ppr. Becoming worse or inferior
in quality.
DE-TE-RI-0-Ra'TION, n. A growing or making worse ;
the state of growing worse.
DE-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. Worse state or quality. Ray.
DE-TER'MENT, 11. The act of deterring ; the cause of de-
terring ; that which deters. Boyle.
DE-TERM'I-NA-BLE, a. I. That may be decided with
certainty. Boyle. 2. That may end or be determined.
DE-TERM'I-NATE, a. [L. determinatus .] 1. Limited;
fixed ; definite. 2. Established ; settled ; positive. 3.
Decisive ; conclusive. 4. Resolved on. 5. Fixed ; reso-
lute.
tDE-TERM'I-NATE, v. t. To limit.
DE-TERM'I-NATE-LY, adv. 1. With certamty. 2. Reso-
lutely ; with fixed resolve ; [iimisual.]
DE-TERM'I-NATE-NESS,n. The state of being determi-
nate, certain or precise.
DE-TERM-I-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of determining or
deciding. 2. Decision of a question in the mind ; firm
resolution ; settled purpose. 3. Judicial decision ; the
ending of a controversy or suit by the judgment of a court.
4. Absolute direction to a certain end. 5. An ending;
a putting an end to.
DE-TERM'I-NA-TIVE, a. 1. That uncontrollably directs
to a certain end. 2. Limiting ; that limits or bounds.
DE-TERM'I-NA-TOR, n. One who determines.
DE-TERM'INE, v. t. [L. determino.] 1. To end ; particu
larly, to end by the aecision or conclusion of a cause, or
of a doubtful or controverted point ; applicable to the de-
cisions of the mind, or to judicial decisions. 2. To end
and fix ; to settle ultimately. 3. To fix on ; to settle or
establish. 4. To end ; to limit ; to bound ; to confine.
5. To give a direction to ; to influence the choice ; that is,
to limit to a particular purpose or direction. 6. To re-
solve, that is, to end or settle a point in the mind. 7. To
destroy ; [not used.] Shak. 8. To put an end to. 9. To
settle or ascertain, as something uncertain.
DE-TERM'iNE, v. i. 1. To resolve ; to conclude ; to come
to a decision. 2. To end ; to terminate.
DE-TERM'iNED, pp. 1. Ended ; concluded ; decided ,
limited ; fixed ; settled ; resolved ; directed. 2. a. Hav-
ing a firm or fixed purpose ; or manifesting a firm resolu-
tion.
DE-TERM'IN-ER, n. One who makes a determination
DE-TERM'IN-ING, ppr. Ending ; deciding ; fixing ; set-
tling ; resolving ; Imriting ; directing.
DE-TER-Ra'TION, n. [L. de and terra.] The uncovering
of any thing which is buried or covered with earth ; tak-
ing from out of the earth.
DE-TER'RED, (de-terd') pp. Discouraged or prevented
from proceeding or acting, by fear, difficulty or danger.
DE-TER'RING, ppr. 1. Discouraging or influencing not to
proceed or act, by fear, difficulty, danger, or prospect of
evil. 2. a. Discouraging ; frightening.
DE-TER'SION, n. [L. deter sus.] The act of cleansing, as a
sore.
DE-TER'SIVE, a. [It. detersivo.] Cleansing ; having power
to cleanse from offending matter.
DE-TER'SIVE, n. A medicine which has the power of
cleansing ulcers, or carrying off foul matter.
DE-TEST', V. t. [L. detestor.] To abhor ; to abominate j to
hate extremely.
DE-TEST' A-BLE, a. Extremely hateful ; abominable ; very
odious ; deserving abhorrence.
DE-TEST'A-BLE-NESS, n. Extreme hatefulness.
DE-TEST' A-BLY, adv. Very hatefully ; abominably.
DET-ES-Ta'TION, n. Extreme hatred ; abhorrence.
DE-TEST'ED,pp. Hated extremely : abhorred.
DE-TEST'ER, n. One who abhors.
DE-TEST'ING, ppr. Hating extremely ; abhorring ; abom-
inating._
DE-THRoNE', v. t. [Fr. detrdner.] 1. To remove or drive
from a throne ; to depose 3 to divest of royal authority and
dignity. 2. To divest of rule or power, or of supreme
power.
DE-THRoN'ED, (de-thr5nd') pp. Removed from a throne ;
deposed.
DE-THRoNE'MENT, n. Removal from a throne ; deposi-
tion of a king, emperor or prince.
DE-THRoN'ER, n. One who dethrones.
DE-THRoN'ING, ppr. Driving from a throne ; depriving
of regal power.
t DE-THRoN'iZE, v. t. To unthrone. Cotgrave.
* DET'I-NuE, n. [Fr. detenu.] In law, a writ of detinue is
one that lies against him who wrongfiilly detains goods or
chattels delivered to him, or in his possession.
DET'O-NATE, v. t, [L. detono.] In chemistry, to cause to
explode ; to bum or inflame with a sudden report.
DET'O-NATE, v. i. To explode ; to burn with a sudden
report. Nitre detonates with sulphur.
DET'O-NA-TED, pp. Exploded ; burnt with explosion.
DET'0-NA-TING, ppr. Exploding ; inflaming with a sud-
den report.
DET-O-Na'TION, n. An explosion or sudden report made
by the inflammation of certain combustible bodies, as ful-
minating gold.
DET-O-NI-Za'TION, n. The act of exploding, as certain
combustible bodies.
DET'O-NiZE, V. t. To cause to explode ; to burn with an
explosion ; to Calcine with detonation.
DET'O-NiZE, V. i. To explode ; to burn with a sudden
report.
DET'O-NlZED, pp. Exploded, as a combustible body.
DET'O-NlZ-ING, pjrr. Exploding with a sudden report
DE-TOR'SION, n. A turnhig or wresting ; perversion.
DE-TORT', ?j. t. [L. detortus.] To twist ; to wrest; toper
vert ; to turn from the original or plain meaning.
DE-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted ; wrested ; perverted.
DE-TORT'ING, ppr. Wresting ; perverting.
DE-TOUR', 71. [Fr.] A turning; a circuitous way.
DE-TRACT', V. t. [L. detractum.] 1. Literally, to draw
from. Hence, to take away from reputation or merit ;
to detract from, is to lessen or depreciate reputation or
worth ; to derogate from. 2. To take away ; to with-
draw.
DE-TRA€'TION, n. [L. dctractio.] The act of taking
something from the reputation or worth of another, with
the view to lessen him in estimation ; censure : a lessen-
ing of worth ; the act of depreciating another, from envy
or malice.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FKK, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete.
DEV
243
DEV
f DE-TRA€'TIOUS, a. Containing detraction; lessening
reputation.
DE-TRA€T'IVE, a. Having the quality or tendency to les-
sen the worth or estimation.
DE-TRA€T'OR, n. One who takes away or impairs the
reputation of another injuriously ; one who attempts to
lessen the worth or honor of another.
DE-TRA€T'0-RY, a. Derogatory ; defamatory by denial
of desert; with^om. Boyle.
DE-TRA€T'RESS, n. A female detractor; a censorious
woman.
t DE-TRE€T', v. t [L. detrecto.] To refuse. Fatherly.
t DE-TRE€-Ta'TION, n. A refusing to do a thing.
DET'RI-MENT,n. [L. detrimentum.] Loss; damage; inju-
ry ; mischief; harm ; diminution.
DET-RI-MENT'AL, a. Injurious ; hurtful ; causing loss or
damage.
DE-TRl"TION, n. [L. detero.] A wearing off. Stevens.
DE-TRI'TUS, 11. [L. detritus.] In geology, a mass of sub-
stances worn off or detached from solid bodies by attri-
tion.
DE-TRtJDE', V. t. [L. detrude.] To thrust down ; to push
down with force. Locke.
DE-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust or forced down.
DE-TRtJD'ING, j?;)r. Thrusting or forcing down.
DE-TRUN€'ATE, v. t. [L. detrunco.} To cut off; to lop ;
to shorten by cutting.
DET-RUN-€a'TION, n. The act of cutting off.
DE-TRU'SION, n. The act of thrusting or driving down.
t DET-UR-Ba'TION, M. {L. deturbo.'] Degradation.
DE-TURP'ATE, v. t. [L. deturpo.] To defile. [Little used.]
Taylor.
DEuCE, n. [Fr. deux.] Two ; a card with two spots ; a
di^ with two spots.
DEuCE, n. A demon. See Duse.
DEU-TER-OG'A-MIST, n. One who marries the second
time. Goldsmith.
DEU-TER-OG'A-MY, n. [Gr. StvTtgog and yajios.] A sec-
ond marriage, after the death of the first husband or wife.
Qoldsmith.
DEU-TER-QN'O-MY, n. [Gr. ^turcpo? and voji/o?.] The sec-
ond law, or second giving of the law by Moses ; the name
given to the fifth book of the pentateuch.
t DEU-TER-OS'€0-PY, n. The second intention ; the mean-
ing beyond the literal sense.
DEU-TOX'YD, n. [Gr. ^eurepoj, and oxyd.] In chemistry, a
substance oxydized in the second degree.
DE-VAP-O-RA'TION, n. The change of vapor into water,
as in the generation of rain.
t DE-VAST', V. t. [L. devasto.] To lay waste ; to plun-
der.
DEV'AS-TATE, v. t. [L. devasto.] To lay waste ; to
waste ; to ravage ; to desolate ; to destroy improvements.
DEV'AS-TA-TED,pp. Laid waste; ravaged.
DEV'AS-TA-TING, ppr. Laying waste ; desolating.
DEV-AS-Ta'TION, 71. \Tl,. devastatia.] 1. Waste ; ravage ;
desolation ; destruction of works of art and natural pro-
ductions which are necessary or useful to man ; havock.
— 2. In law, waste of the goods of the deceased by an ex-
ecutor, or administrator.
DE-VEL'oP, V. t. [Fr. developper.] 1. To uncover ; to un-
fold ; to lay open ; to disclose or make known something
concealed or withheld from notice. 2. To unravel ; to
unfold what is intricate.
DE-VEL'oPED, pp. Unfolded ; laid open ; unraveled.
DE-VEL'6P-ING, ppr. Unfolding ; disclosing ; unraveling.
DE-VEL'6P-MENT, 71. 1. An unfolding; the discovering
of something secret or withheld from tlie knowledge of
others ; disclosure ; full exhibition. 2. The unraveling
of a plot.
DEV-E-NUS'TATE, v. t. [L. devenusto.] To deface ; to
despoil. Waterhouse.
f DE-VER6'ENCE, n. [L. devergentia.] Declivity; decli-
nation.
DE-VEST', V. t. [Fr. devHir. Generally written divest.]
1. To strip; to deprive of clothing or arms ; to take ofi^
2. To deprive; to take away. [See Divest.] 3. To free
from ; to disengage. — 4. In law, to alienate, as title or
right
DE-VEST', V. i. In law, to be lost or alienated, as a title or
an estate. [This word is generally written divest, except
in the latter" and legal sense.]
DE-VEST'ED, j>;7. Stripped of clothes, deprived; freed
from ; alienated or lost, as title.
DE-VEST'ING, pp?-. Stripping of clothes ; depriving; free-
ing from ; alienating.
IDE- VEX', a. [L. devexus.] Bending down.
f DE-VEX',m. Devexity. May.
DE-VEX'I-TY, 71. [L. devexitas.] A bending downward ; a
sloping ; incurvation downward.
DE'VI-ATE, v. i. [It. deviare.] 1. To turn aside or wan-
der from the common or right way, course or line, either
in a literal or figurative sense. 2. To stray from the path
of duty ; to wander, in a moral sense; to err ; to sin.
DE-VI-a'TION, n. 1. A wandering or turning aside from
the riglit way, course or line. 2- Variation from a com-
mon or established rule, or from analogy. 3. A wander-
ing from the path of duty ; want, of conformity to the
rules prescribed by God ; error ; sin ; obliquity of con-
duct. — 4. In commerce, the voluntary departure of a ship,
without necessity, from the regular and usual course of
the specific voyage insured.
DE-VlCE', n. [Fr. devis, devise.] 1. That which is formed
by design, or mvented; scheme; artificial contrivance ;
stratagem ; project. 2. An emblem intended to repre-
sent a family, person, action or quality, with a suitable
motto ; used in painting, sculpture and heraldry. 3 In-
vention : genius ; faculty of devising. 4. A spectacle or
show ; [obs.] Beaumont.
DE-VlCE'FUL, a. Full of devices ; inventive. Spenser.
DE-VlCE'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner curiously contrived
DEVIL, (dev'l) n. [Sax. diafol ; D. duivel ; G. teufel.] 1.
In the Christian theology, an evil spirit or being ; a fallen
angel, expelled from heaven for rebellion against God ;
the chief of the apostate angels; the iniplacable enemy
acd tempter of the human race. In the JVew Testament,
tue word is frequently and erroneously used for demon.
2. A very wicked person. 3. An idol, or false god.
DEV'IL-ING, 71. A young devil. [J\rot in use.] Beaumont
DEV'IL-ISH, a. 1. Partaking of the qualities of the devil ;
diabolical ; very evil and mischievous ; malicious. 2.
Having communication with the devil ; pertaining to the
devil. 3. Excessive ; enormous.
DEV'IL-ISH-LY, adv. 1. In a manner suiting the devil ;
diabolically ; wickedly. 2. Greatly ; excessively.
DEV'IL-ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of the devil,
t DEVIL-ISM, 71. The state of devils. Bp. Hall.
t DEVIL-lZE, v. t. To place among devils. Bp. Hall.
DEVIL-KIN, n. A little devil. Clarissa.
DEVIL-SHIP, 71. The character of a devil.
De'VI-OUS, a. [L. devius.] 1. Out of the common way or
track. 2. Wandering ; roving ; rambling. 3. Erring ;
going astray from rectitude or the divine precepts
DE-ViR'GlN-ATE, v. t. [Low L. devirgino.] To deflour.
Sandys.
DE-ViS'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be bequeathed or given by
will. 2. That can be invented or contrived.
DE-VlSE', V. t. [Fr. deviser.] 1. To invent ; to contrive ;
to form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, new
applications of principles, or new arrangement of parts ;
to excogitate ; to strike out by thought ; to plan ; to
scheme ; to project. 2. To give or bequeath by will, as
land or other real estate.
DE-VlSE', V. i. To consider ; to contrive ; to lay a plan ;
to form a scheme.
DE-VlSE', n. 1. Primarily, a dividing or division ; hence,
the act of bequeathing by will ; the act of giving or dis-
tributing real estate by a testator. 2. A will or testament.
3. A share of estate bequeathed.
fDE-yiSE', 77. Contrivance; scheme invented. Hooker.
DE-VlS'ED, (de-vizd') pp. Given by will ; bequeathed ;
contrived.
DEV-I-SEE',7i. The person to whom a devise is made; one
to whom real estate is bequeathed.
DE-ViS'ER, 71. One who contrives or invents ; a contriver ;
an inventor. Grew.
DE-VlS'ING, ppr. 1. Contriving; inventing; forming a
scheme or plan. 2. Giving by will ; bequeathing.
DE-VlS'OR, 71. One who gives by will ; one who bequeaths
lands or tenements. Blackstone.
t DE VI-TA-BLE, a. Avoidable.
t DEV-I-Ta'TION, 71. An escaping.
f DEV-0-€a'TION, 71. [L. devocatio.] A calling away ; se-
duction. Hallyicell.
DE-VOID', a. [de and void.] 1. Void ; empty ; vacant. 2.
Destitute ; not possessing. 3. Free from.
DE-VOIR', (dev-wor') n. [Fr. devoir.] Primarily, service or
duty. Hence, an act of civility or respect ; respectful no-
tice due to another.
DEV-O-LtJ'TION, n. [L. devolutio.] 1. The act of rolling
down. 2. Removal from one person to another ; a pass-
ing or falling upon a successor.
DE-VOLVE', (de-volv') v. t. [L. devolvoJ 1. To roll down ;
to pour or flow with windings. 2. To move from one
person to another ; to deliver over, or from one possessor
to a successor.
DE-VOLVE', (de-volv') v. i. Literally, to roll down ; hence,
to pass from one to another ; to fall by succession from
one possessor to his successor.
DE-VOLVED, (de-volvd') pp. Rolled down ; passed over
to another.
DE-VOLVING, ppr. Rolling down ; falling to a successor.
t DE-Vo'TA-RY, 71. A votary. Gregory.
DE-VoTE', V. t. [L. devoveo, devotus.] 1. To appropriate
by vow ; to set apart or dedicate by a solemn act j to con-
secrate. 2. To give up wholly ; to addict ; to direct the
* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE;— BIJLL, UNITE.— €asK; 6as J; SasZ; CHasSH; TH as in tAw. t Obsolett
DEX
244
DIA
attention wholly or chiefly ; to attach. 3. To give up ;
to resign. 4. To doom; to consign over. 5. To exe-
crate : to doom to evil.
DE-VoTE'. a. Devoted. Milton.
DE-VoTE'^ n. A devotee. Sandys.
])E-VoT'ED, jjp Appropriated by vow ; solemnly set apart
or dedicated ; consecrated ; addicted ; given up ; doom-
ed, consigned.
DE-VoT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being devoted or given ;
addictedness. Milner.
UEV-0-TEE', n. [Fr." devot.] One who is wholly devoted ;
particularly, one given wholly to religion ; one who is
superstitiously given to religious duties and ceremonies ;
a bigot.
DE-VoTE'MENT, n. 1. Devotedness ; devotion. 2. Vow-
ed dedication. Mason.
DE-VoT'ER, 7*. One that devotes ; also, a worshiper.
DE-VoT'ING, pjyr. Giving or appropriating by vow ; sol-
emnly setting apart or dedicating ; consecrating ; giving
wholly ; addicting ; dooming ; consigning.
I)E-Vo'TION, n. 1. The state of being dedicated, conse-
crated, or solemnly set apart for a particular purpose. 2.
A solemn attention to the Supreme Being in worship ; a
yielding of the heart and affections to God ; devoutness.
3. External worship ; acts of religion ; performance of re-
ligious duties. 4. Prayer to the Supreme Being. 5. An
act of reverence, respect or ceremony. 6. Ardent love or
affection,- attachment manifested by constant attention.
7. Earnestness ; ardor ; eagerness. 8. Disposal ; power
of dijposing of: state of dependence.
DE-Vo'TION-AIi, a. 1. Pertaining to devotion ; used in
devotion. 2. Suited to devotion.
DE-Vo'TION-AL-IST, ) n. A person given to devotion ; or
DE-Vo'TION-IST, \ one superstitiously or formally
devout.
tDE-Vo'TO, w. [It.] A devotee. Spenser.
j DE-Vo'TOR, n. One who reverences or worships.
DE-VOUR', V. t. [L. devoro.] 1. To eat up; to eat with
greediness ; to eat ravenously, as a beast of prey, or as a
hungry man. 2. To destroy ; to consume with rapidity
and violence. 3. To destroy ; to annihilate ; to consume.
4. To waste ; to consume ; to spend in dissipation and
riot. 5. To consume wealth and substance by fraud, op-
pression, or illegal exactions. 6. To destroy spiritually ;
to ruin the soul. 7. To slay. 8. To enjoy with avid-
ity.
I)E-VOUR'ED, (de-vourd') pp. Eaten; swallowed with
greediness ; consumed ; destroyed ; wasted ; slain.
DE-VOIIR'ER, n. One who devours ; he or that which eats,
consumes or destroys ; he that preys on.
DE-VOUR'ING, ppr. Eating greedily ; consuming ; wast-
ing; destroying: annihilating.
DE-VOUR'ING-LY, adv. In a devouring manner.
DE-VOUT', a. [It. devoto ; Fr. devot.] 1. Yielding a sol-
emn and reverential attention to God in religious exer-
cises, particularly in prayer. 2. Pious ; devoted to reli-
gion ; religious. 3. Expressing devotion or piety. 4.
Sincere ; solemn ; earnest.
t DE-VOUT', n. A devotee. Sheldon.
DE-VOUT'LESS, a. Destitute of devotion.
DE-VOUT LESS-NESS, ?i. Want of devotion,
DE-VOUT'LY, adv. 1. With solemn attention and rever-
ence to God; with ardent devotion. 2. Piously; re-
ligiously ; with pious thoughts. 3. Sincerely ; solemnly ;
earnestly.
DE-VOUT'NESS, n. The quality of being devout.
t DE-VOW, V. t. To give up. B. Jonson.
DEW, n. [Sax. deaw.] The water or moisture collected or
deposited on or near the surface of the earth, during the
night, by the escape of the heat which held the water in
solution.
DEW, V. t. To wet with dew ; to moisten. Milton.
DEW'BENT, a. Bent by the dew. Thomson.
DEW-BER-RY, n. The fruit of a species of brier or bram-
ble, that creeps along the ground, of the genus rubus.
DEW-BE-SPAN-GLED, a. Spangled with dew-drops.
t DEW'-BE-SPRENT', a. Sprinkled with dew. Milton.
DEW'-BE-SPRIN'KLED, a. Sprinkled with dew.
DEW-DROP, n. A drop of dew, which sparkles at sun-
rise ; a spangle of dew. Milton.
DEW'-DROP-PING, a. Wetting as with dew.
DEWED, pp. Moistened with dew.
DEW-IM-PEARL'ED, a. Covered with dew-drops, like
pearls. Drayton.
DEWING, ppr. Wetting or moistening with dew.
DEW-LAP, n. 1. The flesh that hangs from the throat of
oxen, which laps or licks the dew in grazing.— 2. In
Shakspeare, a lip flaccid with age.
DEW'-LAPT, a. Furnished with a dew-lap.
DEW'-WoRM, n. A worm, called otherwise earth-worm,
a species of lumbricus.
DEWY, a. 1. Partaking of dew ; like dew. 2. Moist with
dew.
DEX'TER, a. [L. dexter.'] Right, as opposed to left ; a term
used in heraldry, to denote the right side of a shield or
coat of arms.
DEX-TER'I-TY, n. [L. dexteritas.] 1. Readiness of limbs;
adroitness ; activity ; expertness ; skill ; that readiness in
performing an action, which proceeds from experience or
practice, united with activity or quick motion. 2. Read-
iness of mind or mental faculties, as in contrivance, or
inventing means to accomplish a purpose ; promptness in
devising expedients ; quickness and skill in managing or
conducting a scheme of operations.
DEX'TRAL, a. Right, as opposed to left. Brown.
DEX-TRAL'I-TY, n. The state of being on the right side.
DEX-TROR'SAL, a. Rising from right to left, as a spira
line or helix.
DEX'TROUS, a. 1. Ready and expert in the use of the
body and limbs ; skilful and active in manual employ-
ment ; adroit. 2. Ready in the use of the mental facuJ-
ties ; prompt in contrivance and management ; expert ;
quick at inventing expedients. 3. Skilful ; artful ; done
with dexterity ; as, dextrous management.
DEX'TROUS-LY, adv. With dexterity ; expertly ; skilful
ly ; artfully ; adroitly ; promptly.
DEX'TROUS-NESS, n. Dexterity ; adroitness.
DEY, n. The title of the governor of Algiers.
DI, a prefix, a contraction of dis, denotes from, separation
or negation, or two.
DIA, Greek, a prefix, denotes through.
Dl'A-BASB', 71. Another name oi greenstone.
Di-AB-A-TE'RI-AL, a. [Gr. iia^aivw.] Border-passing.
Mitford.
Di-A-Be'TES, n. [Gr. J£aj8?7r>7f.] Along-continued increas-
ed quantity of urine ; an excessive and morbid discharge
of urine. Coxe.
Di-A-BET'ie, a. Pertaining to diabetes.
Dl-A-B0L'1€, ) a. [L. diabolus.] Devilish ; pertaining
Dl-A-BOL'I-€AL, \ to the devil ; hence, extremely mali-
cious ; impious ; atrocious ; nefarious ; outrageously wick-
ed ; partaking of any quality ascribed to the devU.
Dl-A-BOL'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a diabolical manner ; very
wickedly ; nefariously.
Dl-A-BOL'I-€AL-NESS, n. The qualities of the devil.
Di-A-BOL'I-FY, V. t. To ascribe diabolical qualities to.
DI-AB'O-LISM, 71. 1. The actions of the devil. "
sion by the devil. Warburton.
Dl-A-eAUS'Tie, a. [Gr. iiuKaia).] Belonging to curves
formed by refraction. Bailey.
Dl-A€H'Y-LON, n. [Gr. ^ta and %'jXo5.] An emollient plas-
ter.
Dl-AC'0-NAL, a. [L. diaconus.] Pertaining to a deacon.
Dl-A-€OUS'TI€, a. [Gt.SiaKovu).] Pertaining to the science
or doctrine of refracted sounds.
DI-A-€OUS'TI€S, n. The science or doctrine of refracted
sounds ; the consideration of the properties of sound re-
fracted by passing through diflerent mediums ; called also
diaphonics.
DI-A-€RIT'I-€AL, or Dl-A-€RIT/I€, a. [Gr. SiaKpiTiKog.]
That separates or distinguishes ; distinctive.
Dl'A-DELPH, n. [Gr. Sis, Si and aSeXipos.] In botany, a
plant whose stamens are united into two bodies or bundles
by their filaments.
Di-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. Having its stamens united into two
bodies by their filaments.
Dl'A-DEM, 71. [Gr. dLaSrifxa.] I. Anciently, a head-band or
fillet worn by kings as a badge of royalty. — 2. In modern
usage, the mark or badge of royalty, worn on the head ;
a crown ; and, figuratively, empire ; supreme power. 3.
A distinguished or principal ornament.
Dl'A-DEMED, a. Adorned with a dialiem ; crowned
ornamented. Pope.
Dl'A-DRoM, n. [Gr. haEpoiar].] A course or passing ; a
vibration ; the time in which the vibration of a pendulum
is perfoiined.
Dl-^R'E-SIS, Dl-ER'E-SIS, or Dl-ER'E-SY, n. [Gr
Siaipeaig.] The dissolution of a diphthong ; the mark ( •• )
placed over two vowels, denoting that they are to be pro-
nounced as distinct letters ; as, aer.
Dl-AG-NOS'TI€, d\ [Gr. SiayvwariKos.] Distinguishing ,
characteristic ; indicating the nature of a disease.
Dl-AG-NOS'TI€, n. The sign or symptom by which a dis-
ease is known or distinguished from others.
Dl-AG'0-NAL, a, [Gr. Siaywvios.] 1. In geometry, ex-
tending from one angle to another of a quadrilateral fig-
ure, and dividing it into two equal parts. 2. Being in an
angular direction.
Di-AG'0-NAL, n. A right line drawn from angle to angle
of a quadrilateral figure, as a square or parallelogram, and
dividing it into two equal parts.
Dl-AG'O-NAL-LY, adv. In a diagonal direction
Dl'A-GRAM, 71. [Gr. ^taypa/x/ta.] In geometry, a figure,
draught or scheme, delineated for the purpose of demon
strating the properties of any figure, as a square, triangle,
circle, &c. Anciently, a musical scale.
See Synopsis. A, E,I, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;—PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete
DIA
245
Die
DI-A-GRAPHie, ) a. [Gr. Sia and yoaAb).] Descrip-
I)l-A-GRAPH'I-eAL, i tive.
Di-A-GRYD'I-ATES, n. Strong purgatives made with dia-
grydium.
Di'AL, n. [It diail.] An instrument for measuring time,
by the aid of the sun ; being a plate or plain surface, on
which lines are drawn in such a manner, that the shadow
of a wire, or of the upper edge of another plane, erected
perpendicularly on the former, may show the true time
j)f the day.
Di'AL-PLATE, n. The plate of a dial on which the lines
are drawn, to show the hour or time of the day.
DrA-LE€T, n. [Gr. SiaXeKTOs.] 1. The form or idiom of a
language, peculiar to a province, or to a kingdom or state.
2. Language ; speech, or manner of speaking,
Dl-A-LEe'TI-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a dialect, or dia-
lects ; not radical. 2. Logical ; argumental.
DI-A-LE€TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a dialect.
Dl-A-LE€-Ti"CIAN, n. A logician ; a reasoner.
Dl-A-LE€'TI€S, n. That branch of logic which teaches
the rules and modes of reasoning.
Dl'AL-ING, n. Tlie art of constructing dials, or of drawing
dials on a plane. The sciateric science, or knowledge of
^howing the time by shadows.
Di'AL-IST, n. A constructer of dials 5 one skilled in dial-
ing.
Dl'AL-LAGE, n. [Gr. SiaXXayrj.] A mineral, the smarag-
dite of Saussure. The metalloidal subspecies is called
schillerstein, or shiller spar.
Dl-AL'0-6lSM, 71. A feigned speech between two or more.
Dl-AL'0-6lST, n. A speaker in a dialogue ; also, a writer
of dialogues. Johnson.
DI-AL-0-IiIt'iSaL j '^- having the form of a dialogue.
Di-AL-O-GIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of dia-
logue.
Dl-AL'0-6IZE, V. i. To discourse in dialogue.
Dl'A-LOGUE, (dl'a-log) n. [Fr. dialogue.] 1. A conversa-
tion or conference between two or more persons ; partic-
jdarhj, a formal conversation in theatrical performances ;
also, an exercise in colleges and schools, in which two or
more persons carry on a discourse. 2. A written conver-
sation, or a composition in which two or more persons are
represented as conversing on some topic .
t Dl'A-LOGUE, V. i. To discourse together ; to confer.
DI'A-LOGUE-WRlT'ER, n. A writer of dialogues or
feigned conversations.
Dl-AL'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. 6ia\vaLS.] 1. A mark in writing or
printing, consistmg of two points placed over one of two
vowels, to dissolve a diphthong, or to show that the two
vowels are to be separated in pronunciation. — 2. In medi-
cine, debility ; also, a solution of continuity.
t Dl-A-MAN'TlNE, for adamantine.
Dl-AM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Siaiierpog.] 1. A right line passing
through the centre of a circle or other curvilinear figure,
terminated by the circumference, and dividing the figure
into two equal parts. 2. A right line passing through the
centre of a piece of timber, a rock or other object, from
one side to the other.
Dl-AM'E-TRAL, a. Diametrical, which see.
Dl-AM'E-TRAL-LY, adv. Diametrically.
Dl-A-MET'RI-€AL, a. 1. Describing a diameter. 2. Ob-
serving the direction of a diameter j direct.
Di-A-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. In a diametrical direction ;
directly.
* Dl'A-aiOND, (dl'a-mond, or di'mond) n. [Fr. diam^nt.]
1. A mineral, gem or precious stone, of the most valuable
kind, remarkable for its hardness, as it scratches all other
minerals. When pure, the diamond is usually clear and
transparent, but it is sometimes colored. 2. A very small
printing letter. , 3. A figure, otherwise called a rhombus.
Di'A-MOND, a. Resembling a diamond ; consisting of dia-
monds.
Di'A-MOND-ED, a. Having the figure of an oblique-angled
parallelogram, or rhombus. Fuller.
Di'A-MOND-MINE, n. A mine in which diamonds are
found.
Dl-AN'DER, n. [Gr. 5is, 61 and avrjp.] In botany, a plant
having two stamens.
Di-AWDRI-AN, a. Having two stamens.
I DI'A-PASM, 71. FGr. Siairaacrw.] A perfume.
DI-A-Pa'SON, } 71. [Gr. 6iaira(ru)v.] 1. In 77iMsic,the octave
Dl'A-PASE, \ or interval which includes all the tones.
— 9. Among musical-instrument-makers, a rule or scale by
which they adjust the pipes of organs, the holes of flutes,
&c., in due proportion for expressing the several tones
and semitones.
Dl-A-PEN'TE, n. [Gr. Sia and ttevte.] I, A fifth ; an in-
terval making the second of the concords, and, with the
diatessaron, an octave. — 2. In medicine, a composition of
tive ingredients.
DI'A-PER, 71. [Fr. diapre ; said to be from Ypres.] Figured
linen cloth ; a cloth wove in flowers or figures ; much
jised for towels or napkins. Hence, a towel or napkin.
Dl'A-PER, V. t. To variegate or diversify, as cloth, with
figures ; to flower. Spenser.
DI'A-PER, V. i. To draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth.
Di'A-PHaNED, a. Transparent. [Little used.}
DT-APH-A-Ne'I-TY, 71. [Gr. ka^aveia.] The power of
transmitting light ; transparency ; pellucidness.
DI-A-PHAN'I€, a. [Gr. bLa<pavri?.~\ Having power to trans-
mit light ; transparent. Raleigh.
Dl-APH'A-NOUS, a. Having power to transmit rays of
light, as glass ; pellucid ; transparent ; clear.
Di-APH-0-Re'SIS, n. [Gr. Sio.^opr](ns.] Augmented per-
spiration ; or an elimination of the humors of the body
through the pores of the skin.
DI-APH-0-RET'I€, a. Having the power to increase per-
spiration ; sudorific ; sweating.
Di-APH-0-RET'I€, n. A medicine which promotes perspi-
ration ; a sudorific. Coxe.
DI'A-PHRAGM, (di'a-fram) n. [Gr. Stacppayixa ] I. In
anatomy, the midriff, a muscle separating the chest or
thorax from the abdomen or lower belly. 2. A partition
or dividing substance.
Dl-A-POR'E-SIS, 71. [Gr. Sia-^toprjaig.'] In rhetoric, doubt ;
hesitation. Bailey.
Dl-A'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to a diary ; daily.
Dl'A-RIST, 71. One who keeps a diary.
Di-AR-RHe'A, 71. [Gr. Siappoia.] Purging or flux; a fre-
quent and copious evacuation of excrement by stool.
Di-AR-RHET'I€, a. Promoting evacuation by stool ; pur-
gative.
Di'A-RY, 71. [L. diarium.] An account of daily events or
transactions; a journal; a register of daily occurrences or
observations. — A diary fever is a fever of one day.
Dl'AS-€HISM, 71. [Gr. Siaax'-'^iJta.'] In music, the difference
between the comma and enharmonic diesis, commonly
called the lesser comma.
Di'AS-PORE, 71. [Gr. SiacTreipo).] A mineral occurring in
lamellar concretions.
Dl-AS-TAL'TI€, a. [Gr. ^lacrTaXrtKo?.] Dilated; noble;
bold ; an epithet given by the Greeks to certain intervals
in music.
Di'A-STEM, 71. [Gr. Siaarrjua.] In music, a simple inter-
val.
Dl-AS'TO-LE,
Dl-AS'TO-LY,
teries ; opposed to systole, or contraction.— 2. In grammar,
the extension of a syllable ; or a figure by wliich a sylla-
ble naturally short is made long.
DI'A-STyLE, 71. [Gr. 6ia and (jtvXos.] An edifice in which
three diameters of the columns are allowed for interco-
lumniations.
Di-A-TES'SA-RON, 71. [Gr. Sia and reaaapa.} Among mu
sicians, a concord or harmonic interval, composed of a
greater tone, a lesser tone, and one greater semitone.
Dl-A-TON'I€, a. [Gr. Sia and tovos.] Ascending or de-
scending, as in sound, or from sound to sound. Harris.
DI'A-TRiBE, 71. [Gr. Siarpipr).] A continued discourse or
disputation. Bailey.
Dl-A-ZEu'TI€, a. [Gr. Sia^evyvvixi.] A diazeutic tone, in
ancient Greek music, disjoined two-fourths, one on each
side of it, and which, being joined to either, made a fifth.
This is, in our music, from A to B.
t DIB, V. i. To dip. Barret.
DIB'BLE, 71. A pointed instrument, used in gardening and
agriculture, to make holes for planting seeds, &;c.
DIB'BLE, V. t. To plant with a dibble ; or to make holes
for planting seeds, &c.
DIB'BLE, V. i. To dibble or dip ; a term in angling.
DIB'STONE, 71. A little stone which children throw at an-
other stone. Locke.
DI-€AC'I-TY, 71. [L. dicacitas.'] Pertness. [Little used.}
Graves.
Dl'€AST, 71. [Gr. ^t/caorj^s.] In ancient Greece, an ofiicer
answering nearly to our juryman. Mitford.
DICE, 71. plu. of die ; also, a game with dice.
DICE, V. i. To play with dice. Shak.
DiCE'-BOX, 71. A box from which dice are thrown hi
gaming. Addison.
DiCE'-Ma-KER, 71. A maker of dice.
Di'CER, 71. A player at dice.
DICH. This word seems corrupted from dit, for do it Shak
DI-€HOT'0-MlZE, v. t. To cut into two parts ; to divide
into pairs.
DI-€H0T'0-M0US, a. [Gr. Si^a and te/kvw.] In botany^
regularly dividing by pairs from top to bottom.
DI-CHOT'0-MOUS-€OR'YMBED, a. Composed of cor-
ymbs, in which the pedicles divide and subdivide bj
pairs.
DI-€HOT'0-MY, 71. [Gr. diYOToixta.] 1. Division or distri-
bution of ideas by paura ; [little used.]— 2. In astronomy.
n. [Gr. 6iacTo\r].] 1. Among physicians,
oflh ' '
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this, t Obsolete.
DIE
246
DIF
that phase of the moon, in which it appears bisected, or
shows only half its dislc, as at the quadratures.
DI€H'ROIT, n. See Iolite.
DlC'lNG-HOUSE, n. A house where dice are played ; a
gaming-house. [Little used.]
DI€K'ER, 71. In old authors, the number or quantity often,
particularly, ten hides or skins.
Dl-€0€'€OUS, a. [Gr. Sis and kokko;.] Two-grained; con-
sisting of two cohering grains or cells, with one seed in
each.
Bl-€0-TYL'E-DON, n. [Gr. Sis and KOTv\r)So)v.] A plant
whose seeds divide into two lobes in germinating.
Dl-€OT-Y-LED'0-NOUS, a. Having two lobes.
DI€'TATE, V. t. [L. dicto.] 1. To tell with authority ; to
deliver, as an order, command or direction. 2. To order
or instruct what is to be said or written. 3. To suggest ;
to admonish ; to direct by impulse on the mind.
D1€TATE, n. 1. An order delivered; a command. 2. A
rule, maxim or precept, delivered with authority. 3.
Suggestion ; rule or direction suggested to the mind.
DI€''TA-TED, pp. Delivered with authority ; ordered ; di-
rected; suggested.
DIOTA-TING, ppr. Uttering or delivering with authority ;
instructing what to say or write ; ordenng ; suggesting to
the mind.
DI€-Ta'TION, 71. The act of dictating; the act or practice
of pi escribing. Paley.
DI€-Ta'TOR, 71. [L.] 1. One who dictates ; one who pre-
scribes rales and maxims for the direction of others. 2.
One invested with absolute authority. In ancient Rome,
a magistrate, created in times of exigence and distress,
and invested with unlimited power.
Dl€-TA-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a dictator ; abso-
lute ; unlimited ; uncontrollable. 2. Imperious ; dog-
matical ; overbearing.
DI€-Ta'TOE-SHIP, 71. I. The office of a dictator; the
term of a dictator's office. 2. Authority; imperiousness ;
dogmatism. Dry den.
DI€'TA-T0-RY, a. Overbearing ; dogmatical. Milton.
DI€'TA-TURE, n. 1. The office of a dictator ; dictatorship.
2. Absolute authority ; the power that dictates.
DI€'TION, 71. [L. dictio.] Expression of ideas by words ;
style; manner of expression.
DI€'TION-A-RY, n. [Fr. dictionnaire.] A book containing
the words of a language arranged in alphabetical order,
with explanations of their meanings ; a lexicon. Johnson.
DID, pret. of do, contracted from deed. I did, thou didst,
he did ; we did, you or ye did, they did. Did is used as
the sign of the past tense of verbs, particularly in inter-
rogative and negative sentences.
DT-DA€'TI€, ) a. [Gr. SiSuktikos.] Adapted to teach ;
DI-DAe'TI€-AL, \ preceptive ; containing doctrines, pre-
cepts, principles or rules ; intended to instruct.
DI-DA€'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a didactic manner; in a
form to teach.
Di'DAP-PER, n. A bird that dives into the water, a species
of colymbus.
Dl-DAS'€A-LI€, a. [Gr. SiSaaKa'XiKos.'] Didactic ; precep-
tive ; giving precepts. [Little used.f
t DID'DER, V. i. [Teut. diddern.] To shiver with cold.
Sherioood.
DID'DLE, V. i. To totter, as a child in walking.
DIDDLING, 71. A word in many places applied in fondness
to children._
DI-DE€!-A-Hk'DRAL, a. [di and decahedral.'] In crystal-
ography, having the form of a decahedral prism with
pentahedral summits.
DI-DO-DE-€A-He'DRAL, a. [di and dodecahedral.] In
crystalography, having the form of a dodecahedral prism
with hexahedral summits.
Dl-DRA€H'MA, n. [Gr.] A piece of money, the fourth of
an ounce of silver.
DIDST. The second person of the unperfect tense of do.
DI-DU€'TION, 71. [L. diductio.J Separation by withdraw-
ing one part from the other. Boyle.
DID'Y-NAM, 71. [Gr. ^tj^ts and Swafxis.] In botany, a
plant of four stamens, disposed in two pairs, one being
shorter than the other.
DID-Y-NAM'I-AN, a. Containing four stamens, disposed
m pairs, one shorter than the other.
DIE, V. i. [Sw. db ; Dan. doer.] 1. To cease to live; to
expire ; to decease ; to perish ; and, with respect to man,
to depart from this world. 2. To be punished with death ;
to lose life for a crime, or for the sake of another. 3. To
come to an end ; to cease ; to be lost ; to perish or come
to nothing. 4. To sink ; to faint. 5. To languish with
pleasure or tenderness ; followed by away. 6. To lan-
guish with affection. 7. To recede, as sound, and be-
come less distinct ; to become less and less ; or to vanish
from the sight, or disappear gradually. 8. To lose vege-
table life ; to wither ; to perish, as plants. 9. To become
vapid or spiritless, as liquors ; mostly used in the parti-
ciple.— 10. In theology, to perish everlastingly ; to suffer
divine wrath and punishment in the future world. 11.
To become indifferent to, or to cease to be under the
power of. 12. To endure great danger and distress. -To
die away, to decrease gradually ; to cease to blow.
BlE, n.jplu. Bicii. [Fr.de.] 1. A small cube, marked on its
faces with iTumbers from one to six, used in gaming, by
being thrown from a box. 2. Any cubic body ; a flat tab-
jet. 3. Hazard : chance. Spenser.
Die, n. ; plu. Diss. A stamp used in coining money, in
founderies, &c..
Dl-E'CIAN, n. [Gr. Sis and oikos.] In botany, one of a
class of plants, whose male and female flowers are on
different plants of the same species.
Dl'ER. See Dyer.
Di'E-SIS, n. [Gr. Sieais.] In music, the division of a tcne,
less than a semitone.
DI'ET, 7!. [L. diatta.] 1. Food or victuals. 2. Food regu-
lated by a physician, or by medical rules ; food prescribed
for the prevention or cure of disease, and limited in kind
or quantity. 3. Allowance of provision. 4. Board, or
boarding.
Dl'ET, n. [D. ryksdag ; G. reichstag.] An assembly of the
states or circles of the empire ef Germany and of Poland ;
a convention of princes, electors, ecclesiastical dignitaries
and representatives of free cities, to deliberate on the
jiffairs of the empire.
Dl'ET, V. t. 1. To feed ; to board ; to furnish provisions
for. 2. To take food by rules prescribed. 3. To feed ; to
furnish aliment.
Dl'ET, V. i. 1. To eat according to rules prescribed. 2. To
^at ; to feed.
Di'ET-A-RY, a. Pertaining to diet or the rules of diet.
Dl'ET- A-RY, 71. A medicine of diet. Huloet.
Di'ET-DRINK, n. Medicated liquors ; drink prepared with
medicinal ingredients.
Dl'ET-ED, pp. Fed ; boarded ; fed by prescribed rules.
Dl'ET-ER, n. One who diets ; one who prescribes rules for
eating ; one who prepares food by niles.
Dl-E-TET'I€, / a. [Gr. Siuittitikt].] Pertaining to diet,
Dl-E-TET'I-€AL, | er to the rules for regulating the kind
and quantity of food to be eaten.
Di'E-TINE, 71 A subordinate or local diet ; a cantonal con-
vention.
Dl'ET-ING, ppr. Taking food ; prescribing rules for eating ;
taking food according to prescribed rules.
DIF-FAR-RE-A'TION, 7«. [1,. dis and farreatio.] The part-
ing of a cake ; a ceremony among the Romans, at the
divorce of man and wife.
DIF'FER, v.i. [L. differo.] 1. Literally, to be separate.
Hence, to be unlike, dissimilar, distinct or various, in na-
ture, condition, form or qualities ; followed by from. 2.
To disagree ; not to accord ; to be of a contrary opinion.
3. To contend ; to be at variance ; to strive or debate in
words ; to dispute ; to quarrel.
DIF'FER, V. t. To cause to be different or various. Der-
ham.
DIF'FER-ENCE, n. 1. The state of being unlike or dis-
tinct ; distinction ; disagreement ; want of sameness ;
variation ; dissimilarity. 2. The quality which distin-
guishes one thing from another. 3. Dispute ; debate ;
contention ; quarrel ; controversy. 4. The point in dis-
pute ; ground of controversy. 5. A logical distinction.
6. Evidences or marks of distinction. 7. Distinction. —
8. In mathematics, the remainder of a sum or quantity
after a lesser sum or quantity is subtracted. — 9. In logic
an essential attribute, belonging to some species, and not
found in the genus ; being the idea that defines the spe-
cies.— 10. In heraldry, a certain figure added to a coat of
arms, serving to distinguish one family from another, or
to show how distant a younger branch is from the elder or
principal branch.
DIF'FER-ENCE, v. t. To cause a difference or distmction.
DIF'FER-ENT, a. 1. Distinct ; separate ; not the same.
2. Various or contrary ; of various or contrary natures,
forms or qualities ; unlike ; dissimilar.
DIF-FER-EN'TIAL, a. An epithet applied to an infinitely
small quantity, so small as to be less than any assignable
quantity. This is called a differential quantity.
DIF'FER-ENT-LY, adv. In a different manner ; variously.
DIF'FER-ING, ppr. Being unlike or distinct ; disagreeing j
contending.
DIF'FER-ING-LY, adv. In a different manner.
t DIF'FI-CILE, a. [L. difficilis.] Difficult ; hard ; scrupu-
lous. Bacon.
t DIF'Fl-CiLE-NESS, n. Difficulty to be persuaded
t DIF-FI-CIL'I-TATE, v. t. To make difficult.
DIF'FI-€ULT, a. [L. difficilis ; Sp. dificultoso.] 1. Hard
to be made, done or performed ; not easy ; attended with
labor and pains. 2. Hard to be pleased ; not easily
wrought upon ; not readily yielding; not compliant; un-
accommodating ; rigid ; austere ; not easily managed or
persuaded. 3. Hard to be ascended, as a hill, traveled,
as a road, or crossed, as a river, &c.
* -See Synopsis A, E, T, O, tj, Y, long.—FKE, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
DIG
347
DIG
\ DIF'FI-€ULT, V. t. To perplex ; to render difficult.
DIF'FI-€UL-TY, n. IFr. difficulte.] 1. Hardness to be
done or accomplished j the state of any thing which ren-
ders its performance laborious or perplexing. 2. That
which is hard to be performed or surmounted. 3. Per-
plexity ; embarrassment of affairs ; trouble ; whatever
renders progres or execution of designs laborious. 4. Ob-
jection ; obstacle to belief j that which cannot be easily
understood, explained or believed — 5. In a. popular sense,
bodily complaints ; indisposition.
DiF-FiDE', V. i. [L. diffido.] To distrust ; to have no con-
fidence in. [Little used.] Dry den.
DIF'FI-DENCE, n. [It. diffidanza ; Sp. difidencia.] 1. Dis-
trust ; want of confidence ; any doubt of the power, ability
or disposition of others. 2. Mare generally, distnist of
one's self; want of confidence in our own power, compe-
tency, correctness or wisdom ; a doubt respecting some
personal qualification. 3. Modest reserve : a moderate
degree of timidity or bashfulness.
DIF'FI-DENT, a. 1. Distrustful ; wanting confidence ;
doubting of another's power, disposition, sincerity or in-
tention. 2. Distrustful of one's self; not confident;
doubtful of one's own power or competency. 3. Reserv-
ed ; modest ; timid.
DIF'FI-DENT-LY, adv. With distrust; in a distrusting
manner; modestly.
t DIF'FIND, V. t. [L. diffindo.] To cleave in two ; to
split. Diet.
DiF-FIN'I-TiVE, a. Determinate ; definitive.
t DIF-FIS'SION, n. The act of cleaving or splitting.
t)IF-FLA'TION, n. The act of scattering by a blast of
wind. Diet.
DIF'FLU-ENCE, ) n. [L. diffluo.] A flowing or falling
DIF'FLU-EN-CY, \ away on all sides.
DI F'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing away on all sides ; not fixed.
DIF'FORM, a. [L. dis and forma.] 1. Irregular in form;
not uniform ; anomalous. 2. Unlike ; dissimilar.
DIF-FORfiM-TY, n. Irregularity of form ; want of uni-
formity. Rroion.
DIF-FRAN'CHlSE, \ See Disfranchise, which is
DIP-FRAN'CHlSE-MENT. \ the word in use.
DIF-FUSE', V. t. [L. diffusus.] 1. To pour out and spread,
as a fluid ; to cause to flow and spread. 2. To spread ; to
send out or extend in all directions ; to disperse.
DIF-FtJSE', a. 1. Widely spread ; dispersed. 2. Copious ;
prolix ; using many words ; giving full descriptions. 3.
Copious ; verbose ; containing full or particular accounts ;
not concise.
DIF-FUS'ED, (dif-fiizd') pp. 1. Spread ; dispersed. 2.
Loose ; flowing ; wild . Sliak.
DIF-FuS'ED-LY, adv. In a diff"Lised manner ; with wide
dispersion.
DIF-FtJS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being widely spread.
Sherwood.
DIF-FuSE'LY, adv. 1. Widely ; extensively. 2. Copi-
ouslv ; with many words ; fully.
DIF-FU-SI-BIL'I-TY n. The quality of being diffusible, or
capable of being spread.
DIF-Fu'SI-BLE, a. That may flow or be spread in all di-
rections ; that may be dispersed.
DIF-Fu'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Diffusibility.
DIF-FU'SION, n. 1. A spreading or flowing of a liquid sub-
stance or fluid, in a lateral as well as a lineal direction. 2.
A spreading or scattering ; dispersion. 3. A spreading ;
extension ; propagation. 4. Copiousness ; exuberance, as
of style ; {.little used.}
DIF-FU'SIVE, a. 1. Having the quahty of diffusing, or
spreading by flowing, as liquid substances or fluids ; or of
dispersing, as minute particles. 2. Extended; spread
widely ; extending in all directions ; extensive.
DIF-FXJ SIVE-LY, G<?v. Widely; extensively; everyway.
DIF-FU'SIVE-NESS, n. 1. The power of diffusing, or state
of being diffused ; dispersion. 2. Extension, or exten-
siveness. 3. The quality or state of being diffuse, as an
author or liis style ; verboseness ; copiousness of words
or expression.
DIG, V. t. ; pret. digged, or dug ; pp. digged, or dug. [Sw.
dika; Dan. diger.2 1. To open and break or turn up the
earth, with a spade or other sharp instrument. 2. To ex-
cavate ; to form an opening in the earth by digging and
leniovhig the loose earth. 3. To pierce or open with a
anout or by other means, as swine or moles. 4. To pierce
with a pointed instrument ; to thrust in. — To dig down, is
to undermine and cause to fall by digging. — To dig out, or
to dig from, is to obtain by digging. — To dig up, is to
obtain something from the earth by opening it, or im-
covering the tlung with a spade or other instrument, or
to force out from the earth by a bar.
DIG, V. i. 1. To work with a spade or other piercmg instru-
ment ; to do servile work. 2. To work in search of; to
search. — To dig in, is to pierce with a spade or other
pointed instrument. — To dig throngh, to open a passage
through ; to make an opening from one side to the
other.
DT-GAM'MA, n. [Gr. in and yamia.] The name of F,
most absurdly given to that letter, when first invented
or used by the Eolians, on account of its figure.
t DIG'A-MY, n. Second marriage. Herbert.
Dl-GAS TRI€, a. [Gr. 5ij and yaarvp.] Having a double
belly ; an epithet given to a muscle of the lower jaw.
t pici'ER-ENT, a. [L. digerens.] Digesting.
Digest, n. [L. dlgestus.] 1. A collection or body of Ro-
man laws, digested or arranged under proper titles by or-
der of the emperor Justinian. A pandect. 2. Any col-
lection, compflation, abridgment or summary of laws, dis-
posed under proper heads or titles.
DI-6EST', V. t. [L. digestum.] l_. To distribute into suita-
ble classes, or under proper hea-ds or titles ; to arrange in
convenient order ; to dispose in due method. 2. To .ir-
range methodically in the mind ; to form with due
arrangement of parts, 3. To separate or dissolve in the
stomach, as food ; to reduce to minute parts fit to enter
the lacteals and circulate ; to concoct ; to convert into
chyme. — 4. In chemistry, to soften and prepare by heat;
to expose to a gentle heat in a boiler or matrass, as a pre-
paration for chemical operations. 5. To bear with pa-
tience ; to brook ; to receive without resentment ; not to
reject. 6. To prepare in the mind ; to dispose in a man-
ner that shall improve the understanding and heart ; to
prepare for nourishing practical duties. 7. To dispose an
ulcer or wound to suppurate. 8. I'o dissolve and prepare
for manure, as plants and other substances.
DI-GEST', v. i. 1. To be prepared by heat. 2. To suppu-
rate ; to generate laudable pus ; as an ulcer or wound. 3.
To dissolve and be prepared for manure, as substances in
compost.
DI-6EST'ED, pp. Reduced to method ; arranged in due
order ; concocted or prepared in the stomach or by a gen-
tle heat ; received without rejection ; borne ; disposed for
use.
DI-6EST'ED-LY, adv. In a methodical and regular way.
Dl-GEST'ER, n. 1. He that digests or disposes in order.
2. One who digests his food. 3. A medicine or article of
food that aids digestion, or strengthens the digestive
power of the stomach. 4. A strong vessel contrived by
Papin, in which to boil bony substances with a strong heat.
DI-OEST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being digestible.
DI-6EST I-BLE, a. Capable of being digested, hacon.
DI-GEST'ING, ppr. Arranging in due order, or under
proper heads ; dissolving and preparing for circulation in
the stomach ; softening and preparing by heat ; disposing
for practice ; disposing to generate pus; brooking; reduc-
ing bv heat to a fluid state.
DI-GES'TION, n. [L. digestio.] 1. The conversion of food
into chyme, or the process of dissolving aliment in the
stomach, and preparing it for circulation and nourishment.
— 2. In chemistry, the operation of exposuig bodies to a
gentle heat, to prepare them for some action on each
other ; or the slov/ action of a solvent on any substance.
3. The act of niethodizmg and reducing to order ; the ma-
turation of a design. 4. The process of maturing an ulcer
or wound, and disposing it to generate pus ; or the gener-
ation of matter. 5. The process of dissolution and pre-
paration of substances for manure, as in compost.
DI-GEST'IVE, a. 1. Having the power to cause digestion
in the sto;---.ach. 2. Capable of softening and preparing
by heat ». Methodizing ; reducing to order. 4. Causing
maturation in wounds or ulcers. 5. Dissolving.
DI-GEST'IVE, 71. 1. In medicine, any preparation or medi-
cine which increases the tone of the stomach, and aids
digestion ; a stomachic ; a corroborant. — 2. In surgery,
an application which ripens an ulcer or wound, or dis
poses it to suppurate. — Digestive salt, the muriate of pot-
ash.
DI-6EST'URE, n. Concoction ; digestion. [Little used.]
DIG'GA-BLE, a. That may be digged.
DIGGED, pret. and pp. of dig.
DIGGER, n. One who digs ; one who opens, throws up
and breaks the earth ; one who opens a well, pit, trench,
or ditch.
fDlGHT, (dite) v.t. [Sax. diht.] To prepare; to put in
os-der ; hence, to dress, or put on ; to array ; to adorn.
Milton.
D]6'IT, 71. [L. digitus.] 1. The measure of a finger's
breadth, or three fourths of an Inch. 2. The twelfth part
of the diameter of the sun or moon ; a term used to ex-
press the quantity of an eclipse. — 3. In arithmetic, any in
teger under 10 ; so called from counting on the finger.^
Thus, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. are called digits.
DI<j'I-TAL, a. [L. digitalis.] Pertaining to the fingers, or
to digits.
DI6'I-TATE, or DIGT-TA-TED, a. In botany, a digitate
leaf is one which branches into several distinct l^flets
like fingers.
t DIG'I-TATE, V. t. To point out as with a finger.
Dl-GLA'DI-ATE, v. i. [L. digladior.] To fence ; to quarrel.
[Little Tised.]
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; -BIJLL, UNITE.— €aeK ; Gas J ; SasZ ; CHasSH ; TUaeinthis. t Obsolete,
BIL
248
DIL
Di-GLA-DI-A'TION, n. A combat with swords ; a quarrel.
B. Jonson.
DIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of dignifying ; exalta-
tion; promotion. Walton,
DIG'NI-FiED, pp. 1. Exalted ; honored ; invested with
dignity. 2. a. Marked with dignity ; noble.
DIG'NI-F-?, V. t. [Sp. dignificar.] 1. To invest with hon-
or or dignity ; to exalt in rank ; to promote ; to elevate
to a high office. 2. To honor; to make illustrious; to
distinguish oy some excellence, or that which gives celeb-
rity.
OIG'NI-TA-RY, 71. An ecclesiastic who holds a dignity, or
a benefice which gives him some pre-eminence over mere
priests and canons.
DIGNI-TY, n. [L. dignitas.] 1. True honor; nobleness
or elevation of mind, consisting in a high sense of propri-
ety, truth and justice, with an abhorrence of mean and
sinful actions ; opposed to meanness. 2. Elevation ; hon-
orable place or rank of elevation ; degree of excellence,
either in estimation or in the order of nature. 3. Eleva-
tion of aspect ; grandeur of mein. 4. Elevation of deport-
ment. 5. An elevated office, civil or ecclesiastical, giving
a high rank in society ; advancement ; preferment, or the
rank attached to it. 6. The rank or title of a nobleman.
—7. In oratory, one of the three parts of elocution, consist-
ing in the right use of tropes and figures. 8. In astrology,
an advantage which a planet has on account of its being
in some particular place of the zodiac, or in a particular
station in respect to other planets. 9. A general maxim,
or principle ; ^not used.] Brown.
\I)IG-N6'T10N, n. [L. dignosco.] Distinguishing mark ;
distinction. Brown.
DIG 0-NOUS, a. [Gr. Sis and ywvm.] In botany, having
two angles, as a stem.
Dl'GRAPH, 71. [Gr. (5i? and ypa^w.] A union of two vow-
els, of which one only is pronounced, as in head. Sheridan.
DI-GRESS', V. i. [L. digressus.] 1. Literally, to step or go
from the way or road ; hence, to depart or wander from
the main subject, design or tenor of a discourse, argu-
ment or narration ; used only of speaking or writing. Locke.
2. To go out of the right way or common track ; to devi-
ate ; \iiot now in 7tse.] Shak.
DI-GRESS'ING, ppr. Departing from the main subject.
DI-GRES'SION, n. [L. digressio.~\ 1. The act of digress-
ing ; a departure from the main subject under considera-
tion ; an excursion of speech or writing. 2. The part or
passage of a discourse, argument or narration, which de-
viates from the main subject, tenor or design, but which
may have some relation to it, or be of use to it. 3. Devia-
tion from a regular course ; [little used.] Brown.
DI-GRES'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to or consisting in digres-
sion ; departing from the main purpose or subject. Warton.
DI-GRESS'IVE, a. Departing from.the main subject; par-
taking of the nature of digression. Johnson.
DI-GRESS'IVE-LY, adv. By way of digression.
Dl'GYN, n. [Gr. Sis and yvvr).] In botany, a plant having
_two pistils.
Dr-GYN'I-AN, a. Having two pistils.
DI-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. Sis and tl^a.] Having two sides, as
a figure.
Di-He'DRON^ 71. A figure with two sid'^s or surfaces.
Di-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. In crystalography, having the
fonn of a hexahedral prism with trihedral summits.
Dl-JU'DI-€ATE, 7J. t. [L. dijudico.] To judge or determine
bv censure. Hales.
Dr-JU-DI-GA'TION, 77. Judicial distinction.
DIKE, 71. [Sax. die ; Sw. dike ; D. dyk.] 1. A ditch ; an exca-
vation made in the earth by digging, of greater length than
breadth, intended as a reservoir of water, a drain, or for
other purpose. 2. A mound of earth, of stones, or of
other materials, intended to prevent low lands from being
inundated by the sea or a river. 3. A vein of basalt,
greenstone or other stony substance.
DIKE, V. t. To surround with a dike ; to secure by a bank.
t DIKE, V. i. To dig.
DI-LAC'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. dilacero.] To tear ; to rend
asunder ; to separate by force.
DI-LAC'ER-A-TED, pp. Torn ; rent asunder.
DI-LAC'ER-A-TING, ppr. Tearing ; rending in two.
DI-LAC-ER-A'TION, n. The act of rending asunder ; a
tearing, or rending. [In lieu of these words, lacerate, lac-
eration, are generally used.]
DI-La'NI-ATE, w. t. [L. dilanio.] To tear; to rend in
pieces ; to mangle. {Little used.]
DI-LA-NI-a'TION, n. A tearing in pieces.
DI-LAP'I-DATE, v. i. [L. dilapido.] To go to ruin ; to fall
by decay.
DI-LAP'I-DATE, v. t. 1. To pull down ; to waste or de-
stroy ; to suffer to go to ruin. 2. To waste ; to squander.
DI-LAP'I-DA-TED, pp. Wasted ; ruined ; pulled down ;
suffered to go to ruin.
DI-LAP'I-DA-TIiNG, ■ppr. Wasting ; pulling down ; suffer,
ing to go to ruin
DI-LAP-I-Da'TION, n. 1. Ecclesiastical waste ; a volun-
tary wasting or suffering to go to decay any building in
possession of an incumbent. 2. Destruction; demohtionj
decay ; ruin. 3 Peciilation.
DI-LAP'I-DA-TOR, ti. One who causes dilapidation.
DI-LA-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting expan-
sion by the elastic force of the body itself, or of an another
elastic substance acting upon it.
DI-LaT'A-BLE, a. Capable of expansion ; possessing elas-
ticity ; elastic.
DIL-A-Ta'TION, 71. The act of expanding ; expansion ; a
spreading or extending in all directions ; the state of being
expanded.
DI-LaTE', v. t. [L. dilato.] 1. To expand ; to distend ; to
enlarge or extend in all directions. 2. To enlarge; to
relaj,e at large ; to tell copiously or diffusely.
DI-LaTE', v.i.l.To widen ; to expand ; to swell or extend
in all directions. 2. To speak largely and copiously ; to
dwell on in narration.
DI-LaTE', a. Expanded ; expansive.
DI-LaT'ED, pp. Expanded; distended; enlarged so as to
occupy a greater space.
DI-LaT'ER, 71. One who enlarges ; that which expands.
DI-LAT'ING,pj>r. Expanding; enlarging; speaking large-
ly- _
DI-LaT'OR, n. That which widens or expands ; a muscle
that dilates.
DIL'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. With delay ; tardily.
DIL'A-TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being dilatory or
late ; lateness ; slowness in motion ; delay in proceeding ,
tardiness.
DIL'A-TO-RY, a. [Fr. dilatoire.] 1. Literally, drawing
out or extending in time ; hence, slow ; late ; tardy; ap-
plied to things. 2. Given to procrastination ; not proceed-
ing with diligence ; making delay ; slow ; late ; applied to
persons. 3. in law, intended to make delay ; tending to
delay.
DI-LE€'TION, n. [L. dilectic] A loving. Martin.
DI-LEM'MA, n. [Gr. SiXr/jjifia.] 1. In logic, an argument
equally conclusive by contrary suppositions. 2. A difficult
or doubtful choice ; a state of things in which evils or ob-
stacles present themselves on every side, and it is diffi-
cult to determine what course to pursue.
DIL-ET-TAN'TE, n. [It.] One who delights in promoting
science or the fine arts. Burke.
DIL'I-GENCE, 7z. [L. dlligentia.] 1. Steady application in
business of any kind ; constant effort to accomplish what
is undertaken ; exertion of body or mind without unneces-
sary delay or sloth ; due attention ; industry ; assiduity.
2. Care ; heed ; heedfulness. 3. The name of a stage-
coach, used in France.
DIL'I-GENT, a. [L. diligens.] 1. Steady in application to
business ; constant in effort or exertion to accomplish
what is undertaken ; assiduous ; attentive ; industrious ;
not idle or negligent ; applied to persons. 2. Steadily ap-
plied ; prosecuted with care and constant effort ; careful ;
assiduous.
DIL'I-GENT- LY, adv. With steady application and care ;
with industry or assiduity ; not carelessly ; not negligent-
ly-
DILL, 71. [Sax. dil, dile.] An annual plant.
DILL, v. t. To soothe ; to blunt ; to silence pain or sound.
Orose.
fDI-Lu'CID, a. [L. dilucidus.] Clear.
t DI-Lu'CI-DATE, v. t. To make clear. See Elttcidate.
DI-LU-CI-Da'TION, n. The act of making clear.
DI-Lu'CID-LY, adv. Evidently ; clearly.
DIL'U-ENT, a. [L. diluens.] 1. Making liquid, or more
fluid ; making thin ; attenuating. 2. Weakening the
strength of, by mixture with water.
DIL'U-ENT, 71. I. That which thins or attenuates ; that
which makes more liquid. 2. That which weakens the
strength of; as water, which, mixed with wine or spirit,
reduces the strength of it.
Dl-LuTE', v. t. [L. diluo, dilutus.] 1. Literally, to wasJi ,
but appropriately, to render liquid, or more liquid ; to
make thin, or more fluid. 2. To weaken, as spirit or
an acid, by an admixture of water, which renders the
spirit or acid less concentrated. 3. To make weak or
weaker, as color, by mixture. 4. To weaken ; to reduce
the strength or standard of.
DI-LuTE', a. Thin ; attenuated ; reduced in strength, as
spirit or color. J^ewton.
DI-LuT'ED, pp. Made liquid ; rendered more fluid ; weak-
ened ; made thin, as liquids.
DI-LuT'ER, n. That which makes thin, or more liquid
DI-LuT'ING, ppr. Making thin, or more liquid ; weaken
ing.
DI-LtJ'TION, n. The act of making thin, weak, or more
liquid. Arhuthnot.
DI-LtJ'VI-AL, ) a. [L. diluvium.] 1. Pertaining to a flood or
DI-LtJ'VI-AN, \ deluge, more especially to the deluge in
Noah's days. 2. Effected or produced by a deluge, par-
ticularly by the great flood in the days of Noah. Buckland
* See Synopsis. A, g, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT-,— FRgY;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
DIN
249
DIP
DI-LO'VI-ATE, V. i. To run as a flood. {J^Tot mwh used.]
Sandys.
DI-Lu'VI-UM, n. [L.] In geology, a deposit of superficial
loamj sand, gravel, &c., caused by the deluge.
DIM, a. [Sax. dim.] 1. Not seeing clearly ; having the vision
obscured and inaistinct. 2. Not clearly seen ; obscure j
imperfectly seen or discovered. 3. Somewhat dark;
dusky ; not luminous. 4. Dull of apprehension ; having
- obscure conceptions. 5. Having its lustre obscured ; sul-
lied ; tarnished.
DIM, V. t. 1. To cloud ; to impair the powers of vision.
2. To obscure. 3. To render dull the powers of concep-
tion. 4. To make less bright ; to obscure. 5. To render
less bright ; to tarnish or sully.
t DIM'BLE, n. A bower ; a cell or retreat. B. Jonson.
DIME, n. [Fr.] A silver coin of the United Utates, of the
value of ten cents ; the tenth of a dollar.
DI-MEN'SION, n. [L. dimensio.] In geometry, the extent
of a body, or length, breadth and thickness or depth.
DI-MEN'SION-LESS, a. Without any definite measure or
extent ; boundless. Milton.
DI-MEN'SI-TY, n. Extent } capacity. Howell.
DI-MEN'SIVE, a. That marks the boundaries or outlines.
Davies.
DIM'E-TER, a. [L.] Having two poetical measures
DIM'E-TER, n. A verse of two measures.
t DIM-I-€a'TION, 71. A battle, a contest. Diet.
DI-MID'I-ATE, V. t. [L. dimidio.] To divide into two equal
parts.
DI-MID'I-A-TED, a. [L. dimidiatus.] Divided into two
equal parts j halved.
DI-MID-I-A-'TION, n. The act of halving ; division into two
equal parts.
DI-MIN'ISH, V. t. [L. diminuo.] 1. To lessen ; to make
less or smaller, by any means. 2. To lessen : to impair 5
to degrade. — 3. In music, to take from a note by a sharp^
flat or natural. — To diminish from, to take away some-
thing ; fobs.]
DI-MIN'ISH, V. i. To lessen ; to become or appear less or
smaller.
DI-MIN'ISH- A-BLE, a. Capable of being diminished.
DI-MIN'ISHED, ^p. ijossened; made smaller; reduced in
size ; contracted ; degraded.
DI-MIN'ISH-ER, n. That which, or one who, impairs or
DI-MIN'ISH-ING, ppr. Lessening ; contracting ; degrading.
DI-MIN'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner to lessen reputa-
tion. Locke.
DI-MIN'U-ENT, a. Lessening. [Little used.]
t DIM'I-NUTE, a. Small. Gorges.
tDIM'I-NUTE-LY, adv. In a manner which lessens.
DIM-I-Nu'TION, n. [L. diminutio.] 1. The act of lessening ;
a making smaller. 2. The state of becoming or appearing
less. 3. Discredit ; loss of dignity ; degradation. 4. De-
privation of dignity ; a lessening of estimation. — 5. In
architecture, the contraction of the upper part of a column,
by which its diameter is made less than that of the lower
part. — 6. In music, the imitation of or reply to a subject in
notes of half the length or value of those of the subject it-
self.
DI-MIN'U-TIVE, a. [Fr. diminutif.] Small ; little ; narrow ;
contracted.
DI-MIN'U-TIVE, 71. In grammar, a word formed from
another word, usually an appellative or generic term, to
express a little thing of the kind.
DI-MIN'U-TiVE-LY, adv. In a diminutive manner ; in a
manner to lessen.
DI-MIN'U-TiVE-NESS, n. Smallness ; littleness ; want of
bulk; want of dignity.
DIM'ISH, a. Somewhat dim or obscure.
DI-MIS'SION, n. Leave to depart. Huloet.
*DIM'IS-SO-RY, a. [L. dimissorius.] 1. Sending away;
dismissing to another jurisdiction. 2. Granting leave to
depart.
tDI-MIT', V. t. [L. dimitto.] To permit to go ; to grant to
farm ; to let.
DIM'I-TY, n. [D. diemit.] A kind of white cotton cloth,
ribbed or figured.
DIM'LY, adv. 1. In a dim or obscure manner ; with imper-
fect sight. 2. Not brightly, or clearly ; with a faint light.
DIM'MING, ppr. Obscuring.
DIM'MING, n. Obscurity. Shak.
DIM'NESS, 71. 1. Dullness of sight. 2. Obscurity of vision ;
imperfect sight. 3. Faintness ; imperfection. 4. Want
of brightness. 5. Want of clear apprehension ; stupidity.
DIM'PLE, n. A small natural cavity or depression in the
cheek or other part of the face.
DIM'PLE, V. i. To form dimples ; to sink into depressions
or little inequalities. Dryden.
DIM'PLED, a. Set with dimples.
DIM'PLY, a. Full of dimples, or small depressions.
DIM'-SlGHT-ED, a. Having dim or obscure vision.
DIN, 71 [Sax. dyn.] Noise ; a loud sound ; particularly, a
rattling, clattering or rumbling sound, long continued.
DIN, V. t. To strike with continued or confused sound ; to
stun with noise ; to harass with clamor.
DINE, V. i. [Sax. dynan.] To eat the chief meal of the day
DINE, V. t. To give a dinner to ; to furnish with the prin-
cipal meal ; to feed.
tDI-NET'I-€AL, a. [Gr. 6lvt)TlKos^ Whkling round.
DING, v.t. ; pret. dung, or dinged. [Sax. dencgan.] To thrust
or dash with violence. [Little used.]
DING, V, i. To bluster ; to bounce, [.d low word.]
DING'DONG. Words used to express the sound of bells.
Shak.
DIN'GI-NESS, 71. A dusky or dark hue ; brownness.
DIN'GLE, 71. A narrow dale or valley between hills.
DIN'GLE-DAN'GLE. Hanging loosely, or something dan-
gling. Warton.
DIN'GY a. Soiled; sullied; of a dark color; brown; dusky;
dun
DiN'ING, ppr. Eating the principal meal in the day.
DiN'ING-ROOM, n. A room for a family or for company to
dine in ; a room for entertainments.
DIN'NER, n. [Fr. diner ; Ir. dinner.] 1. The meal taken
about the middle of the day ; or the principal meal of the
day, eaten between noon and evening. 2. An entertain-
ment ; a feast.
DIN'NER-TIME, 71. The usual time of dining.
DINT, n. [Sax. dynt.] 1. A b'ow ; astroke. 2. Force ; vio-
lence ; power exerted 3. The mark made by a blow ; a
cavity or impression made by a blow or by pressure on a
substance ; often pronounced dent. Dryden.
DINT, V. t. To make a mark or cavity on a substance by a
blow or by pressure. [See Indent.] Donne.
BINTiBD, pp. Marked by a blow or Ly pressure.
DINT'ING, ppr. Impressing marks or cavities.
Dl-NU-MER-A'TION, n. The act of numbering singly
[Little used.]
* Di'O-CE-SAN, a. [The accent on the first and on the third
syllable is nearly equal.] Pertaining to a diocese.
*Dl'0-CE-SAN, 71. A bishop: one in possession of a dio-
cese, and having the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over it.
Dl'O-CESE, ) 71. [Gr. 5iot/c//o-tf.] [Diocess is an erroneous
Dl'O-CESS, \ orthography.] The circuit or extent of a
bishop's jurisdiction ; an ecclesiastical division of a king-
jlom or state, subject to the authority of a bishop.
DI-0€-TA-He'DRAL, a. In erystalography, having the
form of an octahedral prism with tetrahedral summits
Dl'O-DON, n. The sun-fish.
Dl'O-MEDE, n. An aquatic fowl of the web-footed kind.
Di-OP'SIDE, n. ["Gr. ko-^pi?.] A rare mineral, regarded by
Haiiy as a variety of augite.
Di-OP'TASE, 71. Emerald copper ore, a translucent mineral,
occurring crystalized in six-sided prisms.
DI-OP'TI€, ) a. [Gr. ^loiirpiKog.] 1. Affording a me-
Dl-OP'TI-€ AL, r dium for the sight ; assisting the sight
Dl-OP'TRI€, ( in the view of distant objecis. 2. Per-
Di-OP'TRI-CAL, ) taining to dioptrics, or the science of
refracted light.
Di-OP'TRI€S, 71. That part of optics which treats of the re-
fractions of light passing through difierent mediums, as
through air, water or glass.
DI-0-RA'MA, 71. [Gr. ha and opana.] A newly invented
optical machine giving a variety of light and shade.
DT'O-RISM, n. [Gr. Siopicixa.] Definition. [Ra-'ely used.]
Di-0-RIS'TI€, a. Distinguishing ; defining. [Rarely v^ed.]
Di-0-RIS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a distinguishing manner.
Di-OR-THo'SIS, 71. A chirurgical operation, by which
crooked or distorted members are restored to their primi-
tive shape.
DIP, v. t. ; pret. and pp. dipped, or dipt. [Sax. dippan.] 1. To
plunge or immerse, for a moment or snort time, in water
or other liquid substance ; to put into a fluid, and with-
draw. 2. To take with a ladle or other vessel by immers-
ing it in a fluid ; as, to dip water from a boiler. 3. To
engage ; to take concern. Dryden. 4. To engage as a
pledge ; to mortgage ; [little used.ipryden. 5. To moisten;
to wet ; [unusual.] Milton. 6. To baptize by immersion
DIP, v. i. 1. To sink ; toimmerge in a liquid. 2. To enter ;
to pierce. 3. To engage ; to take a concern ; as, to dip
into the funds. 4. To enter slightly ; to look cursorily, or
here and there. 5. To choose by chance ; to thrust and
take. 6. To incline downward.
DIP, 71. Inclination downward ; a sloping ; a direction be
low a horizontal line ; depression.— The dip of a stratum,
in geology, is its greatest inclination to the horizon, or
that on a line perpendicular to its direction or course ;
called also \he pitch.
DIP'-CHI€K, 71. A small bird that dives.
Dl-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. B19 and ireraXov.] Having two
flower-leaves or petals ; two-petaled.
DIPH'THONG, 71. [Gr. hcpQoyyog.] A coalition or union of
two vowels pronounced in one syllable.
DIPH-THONG'AL, a. Belonging to a diphthong ; consist
ing of two vowel sounds pronoimced in one syllable.
See Synopsis. mOV^, BOOK, D6VE ;— BllJLL, UNITE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t/iis. t Obsolete
DIR
250
DIS
DIPH^YTt-LOUS, a. [Gr. 5ts and ^uXXov.] In hotany, having
two leaves, as a csuiyx, &c.
DIP'tOE, n. [Gr. ^ittXods.] The soft medituUium, meduUa-
ry substance, or porous part, between the plates of the skull.
DI-PLO'MA, n. [Gr. ^iiAaifia.'] A letter or writing confer-
ring some power, authority, privilege or honor.
DI-PLO'MA-CY, n. 1. The customs, rules and privileges of
embassadors, envoys, and other representatives of princes
anS states at foreign courts ; forms of negotiation. 2. A
diplomatic body ; the whole body of ministers at a foreign
court. 3. The agency or management of ministers at a
foreign court.
Dl-PLo'MATE, V. t. To invest with a privilege.
DIP'LO-MA-TED, a. Made by diplomas. Rennet.
DIP-L.0-MA"1''I€, a. 1. Pertaining to diplomas ; privileged.
fl. Furnished with a diploma ; authorized by letters or
credentials to transact business for a sovereign at a foreign
court. 3. Pertaining to ministers at a foreign court, or to
men authorized by diploma.
niP-LO-MAT'I€, n. A minister, official agent or envoy to
a foreign court.
DlP-LO-MAT'ieS, n. The science of diplomas, or of an-
cientwritings, literary and public documents, letters, &c.
DI-PLo'MA-TIST, n. One employed or versed in aifairs
of state.
DIP'PER, n. 1 One that dips ; he or that which dips. 2. A
vessel used to dip water or other liquor ; a ladle.
DIP'PING, ppr. 1. Plunging or immersing into a liquid, and
speedily withdrawing. 2. Engaging or taking a concern
in. 3. Looking into, here and there ; examining in a
cursory, slight or hasty manner. 4. Inclining downward.
5. Breaking; inclining.
DIP'PlJl'JG, n. 1. The act of plunging or immersing. 2. The
act of inclining towards the earth ; inclination downwards.
3. The interruption of a vein of ore, or stratum of a fossil,
in a mine ; or a sloping downwards. 4. The act of bap-
tizmg by the immersion of the whole body in water.
DIP'PING-NEEDLE, n. A needle that dips ; a magnetic
needle which dips or inclines to the earth ; an instrument
which shows the inclination of the magnet, at the differ-
jjnt points of the earth's surface.
Dl-PR1S-MAT'I€, a. Doubly prismatic. Jameson.
DIPSAS, 71. [Gr. SLxpas.] A serpent whose bite produces a
mortal thirst.
DIP'TER, i n. [Gr. ?ii5 and -irrtDov.'] The dipters are an
DIP'TE-RA, ) order of insects havmg only two wings,
and two poisers, as the fly.
DIP'TE-RAL, a. Having two wings only.
DIP'TOTE, n. [Gr. from 6is and ttitzto).] In grammar, a
noun which has only two cases.
DlP'TYeil, 71. [Gr. Snrrvxos.] A public register of the
names of consuls and other magistrates among pa-
gans ; and of bishops, martyrs and others, among Chris-
tians.
DI-PyRE', 71. A mineral occurring in minute prisms.
DIRE, a. [L. dims.] Dreadful ; dismal ; horrible ; terrible ;
evil in a great degree.
DI-RE€T', a. [L. directus.] 1. Straight ; right.— 2. In as-
tronomy, appearing to move forward in the zodiac, in the
direction of the signs ; opposed to retrograde. 3. In the
line of father and son ; opposed to collateral. 4. Leading
or tending to an end, as by a straight line or course ; not
circuitous. 5. Open ; not ambiguous or doubtful. 6.
Plain ; express ; not ambiguous.— 7. In music, a direct in-
terval is that which forms any kind of harmony on the
fundamental sound which produces it ; as the fifth, ma-
jor, third and octave.— Direct tax is a tax assessed on
real estate, as houses and lands.
DI-REGT', V. t. [L. directum.] 1. To point or aim in a
straight line, towards a place or object. 2. To point j to
show the right road or course. 3. To regulate ; to guide
or lead ; to govern ; to cause to proceed in a particular
manner. 4. To prescribe a course ; to mark out a way.
5. To order ; to instruct ; to point out a course of proceed-
ing, with authority ; to command.
Dr-RE€T', 71. In music, a character placed at the end of a
stave to direct the performer to the first note of the next
stave. Bushy,
DI-REeT'ED, pp. Aimed ; pointed ; guided ; regulated ;
j^-overned ; ordered ; instructed.
DTlREGT'ER, 7i. A director, which see.
DI-RE€T'ING, ppr. Aiming ; pointing ; guiding ; regulat-
ing ; governing ; ordering.
DI-REfJ'TION, n. [L. directio.] 1. Aim at a certain point ;
a pointing towards, in a straight line or course. 2. The
line in which a body moves by impulse ; course. 3. A
straight line or course. 4. The act of governing ; admin-
istration ; management ; guidance ; superintendance. 5.
Regularity; adjustment. 6. Order; prescription, either
verbal or written ; instruction in what manner to proceed.
7. The superscription of a letter, including the name,
title and place of abode of the person for whom it is in-
tended. 8. A body or board of directors.
DI-RE€T'IVE, a. 1. Having the power of direction. Hooker,
2. Informing ; instructing ; showing the way.
DI-RE€T'LY, adv. 1. In a straight line or course ; rectit.
ineally ; not in a windmg course. 2. Immediately ; soon j
without delay. 3. Openly ; expressly ; without circum-
locution or ambiguity, or without a train of inferences.
DI-RE€T'NESS, n. Straightness ; a straight course ; near-
ness of way. Bentley.
DI-RE€T'OR, 71. 1. One who directs 5 one who superintends,
governs or manages; one who prescribes to others, by
virtue of authority ; an instructor ; a counselor. 2. That
which dhects ; a rule ; an ordinance. 3. One appointed
to transact the affairs of a company. 4. That which di-
rects or controls by influence. Hamilton. — 5. In surgery,
a grooved probe, intended to direct the edge of the knife
or scissors in opening sinuses or fistuliB ; a guide for an
incision-knife.
DI-RE€-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to directors or direction ,
containing direction or command.
DI-RE€T'0-RY, a. Containing directions ; enjoining ; in-
structing.
D1-RE€T'0-RY, n. 1. A guide ; a rule to direct; particu
larly, a book containing directions for public worship,
or religious services. 2. A book containing an alphabet-
ical list of the inhabitants of a city, with their places of
abode. 3. The supreme council of France, in the late
Revolution. 4. A board of directors.
DI-RECT'RESS, n. A female who directs or manages,
DI-RE€T'RIX, 71. A female who governs or directs.
DiRE'FlJL, a. Dire ; dreadful ; terrible ; calamitous. Dry-
den.
DiRE'FUL-LY, adv. Dreadfully ; terribly ; wofuUy.
Dt-REMP'TION, 71. [L. diremptio.] A separation. Hall.
DiRE'NESS, 71. Terribleness ; horror ; dismalness. Shak.
DI-REP'TION, n. [L. direptio.] The act of plundering,
DiRGE, /durj) n. [L. dirige.] A song or tune intended to ex-
press grief, sorrow and mourning.
DIR'I-GENT, or DI-RECT'RIX, n. In geometry, the line
of motion along which the describent line or surface is
carried in the generation of any plane or solid figure.
DiRK, n. A kind of dagger or poniard.
tDiRK, a. Dark. Spenser.
JDiRK, V. t. 1. To darken. 2. To poniard ; to stab.
DiRT, 71, [Sax, gedritan.] 1. Any foul or filthy substance ;
excrement; earth; mud; raire^ dust; whatever, adher-
ing to any thing, renders it foul or unclean. 2. Meanness ;
sordidness ; [710* iji use.]
DiRT, V. t. To make foul or filthy ; to soil ; to bedaub ; to
pollute ; to defile. Swift.
DiRT'I-LY, adv. L In a dirty manner; foully; nastily;
filthily. 2. Meanly ; sordidly ; by low means.
DiRT'I-NESS, n. 1. Filthiness ; foulness ; nastiness. 2.
Meanness ; baseness ; sordidness.
DiRT'Y, a. 1. Foul ; nasty ; filthy ; hot clean ; as dirty
hands. 2, Not clean ; not pure ; turbid, 3, Cloudy ;
dark ; dusky. 4. Mean ; base ; low ; despicable ; grovel-
ing.
DiRT'Y, V. t. 1. To foul ; to make filthy ; to soil. 2. To
tarnish ; to sully ; to scandalize.
Dl-RUP'TION, 71. [L. diruptio.] A bursting or rending
asunder. See Disruption.
DIS, a prefix or inseparable preposition, from the Latin,
whence Fr. des, Sp. dis, and de may in some instances be
tlie same word contracted. Dis denotes separation, a
parting from ; hence, it has the force of a privative and
negative, as in disarm, disoblige, disagree.
DIS-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. I. Want of competent natural or bodi-
ly power, strength or ability ; weakness ; impotence. 2.
Want of competent intellectual power or strength of mind ;
incapacity. 3. Want of competent means or instruments.
4. Want of legal qualifications ; incapacity.
DIS-a'BLE, v. t. 1. To render unable ; to deprive of com-
petent natural strength or power. 2. To deprive of men-
tal power, as by destroying or weakening the understand
ing. 3. To deprive of adequate means, instruments or
resources. 4. To destroy the strength ; or to weaken and
impair so as to render incapable of action, service or re-
sistance. 5. To destroy or impair and weaken the means
which render any thing active, efficacious or useful ; to
destroy or diminish any competent means. 6. To deprive
of legal qualifications, or competent power ; to incapaci
tate ; to render incapable,
DIS-a'BLED, pp. Deprived of competent power, corporeal
or intellectual ; rendered incapable ; deprived of mean?
DIS-a'ELE-MENT, 71. Weakness; disability; legar ji-
pediment. Bacon.
DIS-A'BLING, ppr. Rendering unable or incapable de-
priving of adequate power or capacity, or of legal qualifi-
cations,
DIS-A-BtJSE', t), i, [Fr. desabuser.] To free from mistake ;
to undeceive ; to disengage from fallacy or deception ; »o
set right,
DIS-A-BUS'ED, (dis-a-bQzd') pp. Undeceived.
DIS-A-BUS'ING, ppr. Undeceiving.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tr, Y, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARYNE, BiRD ;— -f Obsolete.
DIS
251
DIS
DlS-A€J-€OM'MO-DATE, v. t. To put to inconvenience.
DI:S-A€-€OM-MO-Da'TION, n. A state of being unaccom-
modated 3 a state of being unprepared. Hale.
t DIS-A€-€ORD', v. i. To refuse assent. Spenser,
DIS-A€-eUS'TOM, v. t. To neglect familiar or customary
practice ; to destroy the force of habit by disuse.
DIS-A€-€US'TOMED, pp. Disused ; having neglected
practice or familiar use.
DIS-A€-KNOWL'ED6E, v. t. To deny : to disown. South.
DIS-Ae-KNOWL'EDGED, pp. Denied ; disowned.
DIS-A€-KNOWL'ED6-ING, ppr. Denying ; disowning.
DIS-A€-aUAlNT', V. t. To dissolve acquaintance. [L. u.]
UIS-A€-aUAlNT'ANCE, n. Neglect or disuse of familiari-
ty, or familiar knowledge of.
DIS-A-DORN', V. t. To deprive of ornaments. Congreve.
tDIS-AD-VANCE', v. t. or i. To check ; to halt.
DIS-AD-VAN'TAGE, n. [Ft. desavantage.\ 1. That which
prevents success, or renders it difficult ; a state not favor-
able to successful operation. 2. Any unfavorable state ;
a state in which some loss or injury may be sustained.
3. Loss 5 injury 5 prejudice to interest, fame, credit, profit
or other good.
1)IS-AD-VAN'TA6E, v. t. To injure in interest; to preju-
dice.
f DIS-AD-VAN'TA6E-A-BLE, a. Not advantageous.
DIS-AD-VAN-TA'6EOUS, a. Unfavorable to success or
prosperity ; inconvenient ; not adapted to promote inter-
est, reputation or other good.
DIS-AD-VAN-Ta'6E0US-LY, adv. In a manner not fa-
vorable to success, or to interest, profit or reputation ;
with loss or inconvenience.
DIS-AD-VAN-TA'6E0US-NESS, n. Unfavorableness to
success ; inconvenience ; loss.
tDIS-AD-VENT'UE.E,n. Misfortune. Raleigh.
t DIS-AD-VENT'U-ROUS, a. Unprosperous. Spenser.
DIS-AF-FE€T', v. t. 1. To alienate affection ; to make less
friendly to ; to make less faithful to a person, party or
cause, or less zealous to support it ; to make discontented
or unfriendly. 2. To disdain, or dislike. Hall. 3. To
throw into disorder. Hammond.
DIS-AF-FE€T'ED, pp- or a. Having the affections alienat-
ed ; indisposed to favor or support ; unfriendly.
DIS-AF-FE€T'ED-LY, adv. In a disaffected manner.
DIS-AF-FE€T'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being disaf-
DIS-AF-FE€T'ING,p;>r. Alienatingthe affections ; making
less friendly.
DIS-AF-F£€'TION, n. I. Alienation of affection, attach-
ment or good will ; want of affection ; or, more generally ,
positive enmity, dislike or unfriendlhiess ; disloyalty, 2.
Disorder ; bad constitution ; [little used.^ Wiseman.
D]S-AF-FE€'TION-ATE, a. Not well disposed ; not friend-
ly. Blount.
DIS-AF-FiRM', V. t. 1, To deny ; to contradict. 9. To over-
throw or annul, as a judicial decision, by a contrary judg-
ment of a superior tribunal.
DIS-AF-FiRM'ANCE, n. 1. Denial ; negation ; disproof;
confutation. 2. Overthrow or annulment, by the decision
of a superior tribunal.
DIS-AF-FiRM'ED, (dis-af-furmd') pp. Denied ; contradict-
ed ; overthrown.
DIS-AP-FiRMaNG, ppr. Denying ; contradicting ; anull-
ing.
DIS-AF-FOR'EST, v. t. To reduce from the privileges of a
forest to the state of common ground ; to strip of forest
laws and their oppressive privileges.
DIS-AF-FOR'EST-ED,pp. Stripped of forest privileges.
DIS-AF-FOR'EST-ING, ppr. Depriving of forest privi-
leges.
DIS-AG'GRE-GATE, v.t. To separate an aggregate mass
into its component parts.
DIS-AG'GRE-GA-TED, pp. Separated, as an aggregate
mass.
I)IS-AG'GRE-GA-TING, ppr. Separating, as the parts of an
aggregate body.
DIS-AG-GRE-Ga'TION, 71. The act or operation of sepa-
rating an aggregate body into its component parts.
OlS-A-GREE', v.i. 1. To differ; to be not accordant or
coincident ; to be not the same ; to be not exactly simi-
lar. 2. To differ, as in opinion. 3. To be unsuitable.
4. To differ ; to be in opposition.
DIS-A-GREE'A-BLE, a. 1. Contrary; unsuitable; not con-
formable ; not congruous ; [little used.'] 2 Unpleasing ;
otFensive to the mind, or to the senses.
I)IS-A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Unsuitabieness ; contra-
riety. 2. Unpleasantness ; offensiveness to the mind, or
to tliG senses
DIS-A-GREE'A-BLY, adv. Unsuitably ; unpleasantly ; of-
fensively.
DIS-A-GREE'ING, ppr. Differing; not according or coin-
ciding.
DIS-A-GREE'MENT, n. 1. Difference, either in form or
essence ; dissimilitude ; diversity. 2. Difference of opin-
ion or sentiments. 3. Unsuitabieness.
t DIS-AL-LIe6E', v. t. To alienate from allegiance.
DIS-AL-LO W, V. t. [dis and allow.] To refuse permission,
or not to permit ; not to grant ; not to make or suppose
lawful ; not to authorize ; to disapprove. 2. To testify
dislike or disappro'iation ; to refuse assent. 3. Not to ap-
prove ; net to receive ; to reject'. 4. Not to allow or ad-
mit as just ; to reject.
DIS-AL-LOW, V. i. To refuse permission ; not to grant.
DIS-AL-LOW'A-BLE, a. Not allowable ; not to be suf-
fered.
DIS-AL-LOW'ANCE, n. Disapprobation ; refusal to admit
or permit ; prohibition ; rejection.
DIS-AL-LOW'ED, (dis-al-lowd') pp. Not granted, permit-
ted or admitted ; disapproved ; rejected.
DIS-AL-LOWING, ppr. Not permitting ; not admitting ;
disapproving ; rejecting
DIS-AL-L1?', V. t. To form an iinproper alliance.
DIS-AN'€HOR, ■?;. t. To force from its anchors.
t DIS-AN-6EL'I-€AL, a. Not angelical. Coventry.
DIS-AN'I-MATE, v. t. 1. To deprive of life ; [not used.]
2. To deprive of spirit or courage ; to discourage ; to dis-
hearten ; to deject,
DIS-AN'I-MA-TED, pp. Discouraged ; dispirited.
DIS-AN'I-MA-TING, ppr. Discouraging ; disheartening.
DIS-AN-I-Ma'TION. n. 1. The act of discouraging; d©
pression of spirits. 2. Privation of life ; [not used.]
DIS-A.N -NUL', V. t. To annul ; to make void ; to deprive
of authority or force ; to nullify ; to abolish.
DIS-AN-NUL'LED, (dis-an-nuld') pp. Annulled ; vacated ;
made void,
PIS-AN-NUL'LING, ppr. Making void ; depriving of au-
thority or binding force.
DIS-AN-NUL'MENT, n. The act of making void.
DIS-A-NOINT', V. t. To render consecration invalid.
DIS-AP-PAR'EL, V. t. To disrobe ; to strip of raiment.
DIS-AP-PeAR', V.i. l.To vanish from the sight; to re-
cede from the view ; to become invisible. 2. To cease.
3. To withdraw from observation.
DIS-AP-PEAr»,'ANCE, n. Cessation of appearance; are
moval from sight.
DIS-AP-PeAR'ING, 2^r. Vanishing; receding from the
sight ; becoming invisible.
DIS-AP-PeAR'ING, n. A vanishing or removal from sight.
DIS-AP-POINT', V. t. 1. To defeat of expectation, wish,
hope, desire or intention ; to frustrate ; to balk ; to hinder
from the possession or enjoyment of that which was in-
tended, desired, hoped or expected. 2. To frustrate ; to
prevent an effect intended.
DIS-AP-POINT'ED, 7?p. Defeated of expectation, hope, de-
sire or design ; frustrated.
DIS-AP-POINT'ING, ppr. Defeating of expectation, hope,
desire or purpose ; frustrating.
DIS-AP-POINT'MENT, n. Defeat or failure of expectation,
hope, wish, desire or intention ; miscarriage of design or
plan.
DI3-AP-PRe'CIATE, v. t. To undervalue ; not to esteem.
DIS-AP-PRO-Ba'TION, 71. A disapproving ; dislike ; the act
of the mind which condemns what is supposed to be wrong.
DIS-AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing disapprobation;
tending to disapprove.
DIS-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Not appropriated, or not having
appropriated,
DIS-AP-PRoTRI-ATE, v.t. 1, To sever or separate, as an
appropriation ; to withdraw from an appropprite use. 2.
To deprive of appropriated property, as a church.
DIS-AP-PRoV'AL, n. Disapprobation ; dislike.
DIS-AP-PROVE', v.t. [Fr. desa,pprouver.] l.To dislike;
to condemn in opinion or judgment ; to censure as wrong.
2. To manifest dislike or disapprobation ; to reject, aa
disliked, what is proposed for sanction.
DIS-AP-PROV'ED, (dis-ap-proovd')f!p. Disliked ; condemn-
ed ; rejected,
DIS-AP-PR5V'ING, ppr. Disliking ; condemning ; rejecting
from dislike.
t DIS'ARD, n. [Sax. dysig.] A prattler ; a boasting talker.
DIS-ARM', V. t. [Fr. desarmer.] 1. To deprive of arms ; to
take the arms or weapons from, usually by force or au-
thority. 2. To deprive of means of attack or defense
3. To deprive of force, strength, or means of annoyance ;
to render harmless ; to quell, 4. To strip ; to divest of
any thing injurious or threatening.
DI.S-ARM'ED, (diz-armd' ) pp. Deprived of arms ; stripped
of the means of defence or annoyance ; rendered harm-
less ; subdued,
DTS-ARM'ER, 71. One who deprives of arms.
DIS-ARM'ING, -ppr. Stripping of arms or weapons ; subdu-
ing ; rendering harmless.
DIS-AR-RaNGE', v. t. To put out of order; to unsettle or
disturb the order or due arrangement of parts. [See De-
range,] Warton.
DIS-AR-RaNGE'MENT, n. The act of disturbing order or
method ; disorder. Baxter.
DIS-AR-RaY', v.t. l.To undress; to divest of clothes.
Spenser. 2. To throw into disorder ; to rout, as troops.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. + Obsolete
DIS
252
DIS
DIS-AR-RaY', m. 1. Disorder; confusion; loss or want of
array i>r regular order. 2. Undress.
DIS-AR-RaY'ED, (dis-ar-rade') pp. Divested of clothes or
array ; disordered.
DIS-AR-RAY'ING,;7pr. Divesting of dothes ; throwing into
disorder.
fDIS-AS-SI-DC'I-TY, n. Want of assiduity or care.
DES-AS-So'CIATE, V. «. To disunite; to disconnect things
DIS-AS'TER, n. [Fr, desastre.] 1. A blast or stroke of an
unfavorable planet ; [065.] Shak. 2. Misfortune ; mishap;
calamity ; any unfortunate event, especially a sudden
misfortune.
DIS-AS'TER, V. t. To blast by the stroke of an unlucky
planet; also, to injure, to afflict. Shak.
DIS-AS'TERED, pp. iilasted ; injured ; afflicted.
DIS-aSTROUS, a. 1. Unlucky; unfortunate ; calamitous;
occasioning loss or injury. 2. Gloomy ; dismal ; threat-
ening disaster.
DIS-AS'TRUU3-LY, adv. Unfortunately ; in a dismal man-
ner.
DIS-AS'TROUS-NESS, n. Unfortunateness ; calamitous-
ness.
DIS-AU'THOR-iZE, v.t. To deprive of credit or authori-
ty.' [iit«ZeM5e(^.] Wottoji.
DIS-A- VOUCH', V. t. To retract profession ; to deny ; to
disown. [Little used.] Davies.
DIS-A-VO W', ®. t. 1. To deny; to disown; to deny to
be true, as a fact or charge respecting one's self. 2. To
deny ; to disown ; to reject. 3. To dissent from ; not to
admit as true or justifiable ; not to vindicate.
DIS-A- VOW AL, n. 1. Denial ; a disowning. 2. Rejec-
tion ; a declining to vindicate.
DIS-A- VOWED, (dis-a-vowd') pp. Denied ; disowned.
DIS-A-VO WING , ppr. Denying; disowning; rejecting as
somethiag not to be maintained or vindicated.
DIS-A-VOWMENT, n. Denial; a disowning. Wottmi.
DIS-BAND', V. t. 1. To dismiss from military service ; to
break up a band or body of men enlisted. 2. To scatter ;
to disperse.
DIS-BAND', V. i. 1 To retire from military service ; to
separate ; to break up. 2. To separate ; to dissolve con-
nection. Tillotson. 3. To be dissolved ; \not tised.] Her-
bert.
DIS-BAND'ED, pp. Dismissed from military service ; sep-
arated.
DIS-BAND'ING, ppr. Dismissing from military service ;
separating ; dissolving connection.
DIS-BARK', V. t. [Fr. debarquer. We now use debark and
disembarkJ To land from a ship ; to put on shore. Pope.
DIS-BE-LIeF', n. Refusal of credit or faith : denial of be-
lief. Tillotson.
DIS-BE-LIeVE', v. t. Not to believe ; to hold not to be true
or not to exist ; to refuse to credit.
DIS-BE-LIeV'ED, (dis-be-leevd') pp. Not believed ; dis-
credited. _
DIS-BE-LIeV'ER, n. One who refuses belief; one who de-
nies to betrue or real. Watts.
DIS-BE-LIeV'ING, ppr. Withholding belief; discrediting.
DIS-BENCH', v. t. To drive from a bench or seat. Shak.
IDIS-BLaME', ■?;. t. To clear from blame. Chaucer.
DIS-BOD'IED, a. Disembodied, which is the icord now used.
DIS-BOWEL, v. t. To take out the intestines.
DIS-BRANCH', v. t. 1. To cut off or separate, as the
branch of a tree. 2. To deprive of branches. Evelyn.
DIS-BUD', V. t. To deprive of buds or shoots.
DIS-BURD'EN, v. t. 1. To remove a burden from; to un-
load ; to discharge. 2. To throw off a burden ; to disen-
cumber ; to clear of any thing weighty, troublesome or
cumbersome.
DIS-BURD'EN, v. i. To ease the mind ; to be relieved.
DIS-BURD'ENED, pp. Eased of a burden ; unloaded ; dis-
encumbered.
DIS-BURD'EN-ING, ppr. Unloading ; discharging ; throw-
ing off a burden ; disencumbering.
DIS-BURSE', (dis-burs') v. t. [Fr. debourscr.] To pay out,
as money ; to spend or lay out ; primarily, to pay money
from a public chest or treasury, but applicable to a private
purse.
DIS-BURS'ED, (dis-bursf) pp. Paid out ; expended.
DIS-BUR.«E'MENT, n. [Fr. deboursement.] 1. The act of
paying out ; as money from a public or private chest. 2.
The money or sum paid out.
DIS-BURS'ER, 71. One who pays out or disburses money.
DIS-BURS'ING, ppr Paying out or expending.
DlSe, n. [L, discus.] The face or breadth of the sun or
moon ; also, the width of the aperture of a telescope glass.
DIS-OAL'CE-ATE, v. t. [L. discalceatus.] To pull off the
shoes or sandals.
DIS-€AL'CE-A-TED, pp. Stripped of shoes.
DIS-€AL-CE-A TION, n. The act of pulling off the shoes
or sandals. Brown.
DIS-€AN'DY, V. i. [dis and candy.] To melt ; to dissolve.
Shak.
DIS-€ARD', V. t. [Sp. descartar.] 1. To throw out of tl»
hand such cards as are useless. 2. To dismiss from ser-
vice or employment, or from society ; to cast off. 3. To
thrust away ; to reject.
DIS-€ARD'ED, pp. Thrown out ; dismissed from service ,
rejected.
DIS-€ARD'ING, ppr. Throwing out ; dismissing from em-
ployment; rejecting.
t DIS-CARD'URE, 71. Dismissal. Hayter
DIS-€ARN'ATE, a. [dis, and L. care] Stripped of flesh
DIS-€aSE', v. t. [dis and case.] To take off a covering
from ; to strip ; to undress. Shak.
t DIS-CEP-Ta'TION, n. Controversy ; disputation. Fox.
tDIS-CEP-TA'TOR, n. [L.] One who arbitrates or decides.
DIS-CERN', (diz-zern') v. t. [L. discerno.] 1. To separate
by the eye, or by the understanding. 2t To distinguish ;
to see the diflerence between two or more things ; to dis-
cruninate. 3. To make the difference ; [obs.] 4. To
discover ; to see ; ot distinguish by the eye. 5. To dis-
cover by the intellect ; to distinguish ; hence, to have
knowledge of; to judge.
DIS-CERN', (diz-zern'i v. u 1. To see or understand the
difference ; to make aistinction. 2. To have judicial cog-
nizance; [obs.]
DIS-CERN'ED, (diz-zernd') pp. Distinguished; seen; dis
covered.
DIS-CERN'ER, (diz-zern'er) n. 1. One who sees, discovers
or distinguishes ; an observer. 2. One who knows and
judges ; one who has the power of distinguishing. 3. That
which distinguishes ; or that which causes to understand.
DIS-CERN'I-BLE, (diz-zern'e-bl) a. That may be seen dis-
tinctly ; discoverable by the eye or the understanding ;
distinguishable.
DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS, (diz-zern'e-bl-nes) n. Visibleness.
DIS-CERN'I-BLY, (diz-zern'e-ble) adv. In a manner to be
discerned, seen or discovered ; visibly. Hammond.
DIS-CERN'ING, (diz-zern'ing) pp7-. 1. Distinguishing ; see-
ing ; discovering ; knowing ; judging. 2. a. Having power
to discern ; capable of seeing, discriminating, knowing and
judging ; sharp-sighted ; penetrating ; acute.
DIS-CERN'ING, (diz-zern'ing) n. The act of discernuig ;
discernment.
DIS-CERN'ING-LY, (diz-zem'ing-ly) adv. With discern-
ment ; acutely; with judgment; skilfully. Garth.
DIS-CERN'MENT, (diz-zern ment) n. The act of discern-
ing ; also, the power or faculty of the mind, by which it
distinguishes one thing from another, as truth from false-
hood, virtue from vice ; acuteness of judgment ; power of
perceiving differences of things or ideas.
f DIS-CERP', V. t. [L. discerpo.] To tear in pieces ; to sep-
arate.
DIS-CERP-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability or liableness to be
torn asunder or disunited.
f DIS-CERP'I-BLE, a. [L. discerpo. In some dictionaries
it is written discerptible.] That may be torn asunder;
separable ; capable of being disunited by violence.
DIS-CERP'TION, n. The act of pulling to pieces, or of sep-
arating the parts.
t DIS-CES'SION, n. [L. discessio.] Departure.
DIS-CHAR6E', V. t. [Fr. decharger.] 1. To unload, as a
ship ; to take out, as a cargo. 2. To free from any load or
burden ; to throw off or exonerate. 3. To throw off a
load or charge ; to let fly ; to shoot. 4. To pay. 5. To
send away, as a creditor by payment of what is due to
him. 6. To free from claim or demand; to give an ac-
quittance to, or a receipt in full, as to a debtor. 7. To
free from an obligation. 8. To clear from an accusation
or crime ; to acquit ; to absolve ; to set free ; with of. 9.
To throw off or out ; to let fly ; to give vent to. 10. To
perform or execute, as a duty or office considered as a
charge. 11. To divest of an office or employment; to
dismiss from service. 12. To dismiss ; to release ; to send
away from any business or appointment. 13. To emit or
send out. 14. To release ; to liberate from confinement.
15. To put away ; to remove ; to clear from ; to destroy ;
to throw off; to free.
DIS-CHARGE', V. i. To break up
DIS-CHAR6E', n. 1. An unloading, as of a ship. 2. A
throwing out ; vent ; emission ; a flowing or issuing out,
or a throwing out. 3. That which is thrown out ; matter
emitted. 4. Dismission from office or service ; or the
writing which evidences the dismission. 5. Release from
obligation, debt or penalty ; or the writing which is evi-
dence of it ; an acquittance. 6. Absolution from a crime or
accusation ; acquittance. 7. Ransom ; liberation ; price
paid for deliverance. Milton. 8. Performance ; execu-
tion. 9. Liberation ; release from imprisonment or other
confinement. 10. Exemption ; escape. 11. Payment, as
of a debt.
DIS-CHARG'ED, (dis-charjd')p;?. Unloaded; let 6ft"; shot,
thrown out ; dismissed from service ; paid ; released ; ac-
quitted ; freed from debt or penalty ; liberated ; perform-
ed; executed.
DIS-CHARG'ER, n. 1. He that discharges in any mannei
* See Synopsis. R, E, I, t, Y, long.—FkB,, FALL, WH.A.T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete
DIS
S53
DIS
2. One who fires a gun. 3. In electricity, an instrument
for discharging a Leyden phial, jar, &c., by opening a
communication between the two surfaces.
DIS-CHAR(j'ING, ppr. Unlading ; letting fly ; shooting ;
throwing out ; emitting ; dismissing from service ; paying ;
releasing from debt, obligation or claim ; acquitting ; lib-
erating ; performing ; executing.
DIS-CHURCH', V. t. To deprive of the rank of a church.
t DIS-CTDE', V. t. To divide ; to cut in pieces.
DIS-CINCT', a. Ungirded.
f DIS^IND', V. t. To cut in two. Boyle.
DIS-Cl'PLE, n. [L. discipulus.] 1. A learner; a scholar ;
one who receives or professes to receive instruction from
another. 2. A follower ; an adherent to the doctrines of
another.
DIS-C'I'PLE, V. t. 1. To teach ; to train or bring up. 2.
To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or princi-
ples._ 3. To punish ; to discipline ; [not in use.] Spenser.
DIS-Cl'PLED, pp. Taught ; trained ; brought up ; made a
disciple.
DIS-Cl'PLE-LIKE, a. Becoming a disciple. Milton.
3)IS-Ci'PTiE-SHIP, n. The state of a disciple or follower in
doctrines and precepts. Hammond.
DIS-CI-PLIN'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of instruction and im-
provement in learning. 2. That may be subjected to dis-
cipline. 3. Subject or liable to discipline, as the member
of a church.
DIS-CI-PLIN'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Capacity of receiving
instruction by education. Hale. 2. The state of being
subject to discipline.
DIS'CI-PLI-NANT, n. One of areligious order, so called from
their practice of scourging themselves, or other rigid disci-
pline.
DIS-CI-PLI-Na'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to discipline.
DIS-CI-PLI-Na'RI-AN, m. 1. One who disciplines; one
versed in rules, principles and practice, and who teaches
them with precision ; particularly, one who instructs in
military and naval tactics and manceiivres. 2. A Puritan
or Presbyterian ; so called from his rigid adherence to re-
ligious discipline. Sanderson.
DIS'CI-PLI-NA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to discipline ; intend-
ed for discipline or government ; promoting discipline. 2.
Relating to a regular course of education ; intended for in-
struction.
DIS'CI-PLlNE, n. \li. disciplina.'] 1. Education; instruc-
tion ; cultivation and improvement, comprehending in-
struction in arts, sciences, correct sentiments, morals and
manners, and due subordination to authority. 2. Instruc-
tion and government, comprehending the communication
of knowledge and the regulation of practice. 3. Rule of
government ; method of regulating principles and prac-
tice. 4. Subjection to laws, rules, order, precepts or
regulations. 5. Correction ; chastisement ; punishment
''ntended to correct crimes or errors. — 6. In ecclesiastical
affairs, the execution of the laws by which the church is
governed. 7. Chastisement or bodily punishment inflict-
ed on a delinquent in the Romish church.
DIS'CI-PLlNE, V. t. 1. To instruct or educate ; to inform
the mind ; to prepare by instructing in correct principles
and habits. 2. To instruct and govern ; to teach rules
and practice, and accustom to order and subordination.
3. To correct ; to chastise ; to punish. 4. To execute the
laws of the church on offenders, with a view to bring
them to repentance and reformation of life. 5. To ad-
vance and prepare by instruction.
DIS'CI-PLINED, pp. Instructed ; educated ; subjected to
rules and regulations ; corrected ; chastised ; punished ;
admonished.
IS'CI-PLIN-ING, ppr. Instructing ; educating ; subjecting
to order and subordination ; correcting ; chastising ; ad-
monishing ; punishing.
DIS-€LaIM', v. t. 1. To disown ; to disavow ; to deny
the possession of; to reject as not belonging to one's self.
2. To renounce ; to reject ; as, to disclaim the authority of
the pope. 3. To deny all claim.
DIS-CLAIM', V. i. To disavow all part or share.
t DIS-€LAIM-A'TION, n. The act of disclaimhig ; a disa-
vowing. Scott.
DIS-CLaIM'ED, (dis-klamd') pp. Disowned ; disavowed ;
rejected ; denied.
DIS-€LaIM'ER, n. I. A person who disclaims, disowns
or renounces. — 2. In law, an express or implied denial, by
a tenant, that he holds an estate of his lord ; a denial of
tenure, by plea or otherwise. Blackstone.
I)TS-€LaIM'ING, ppr. Disowning; disavowmg; denying;
1 enouncing.
DIS-€LoSE', V. t. 1. To uncover ; to open ; to remove a
cover from and lay open to the view. 2. To discover ; to
lay open to the view ; to bring to light. 3. To reveal by
words ; to tell ; to utter. 4. To make known ; to show
in anymanner. 5. To open ; to hatch ; [not used.]
DIS-CLoSE', n. Discovery. Younff.
DIS-€LoS'ED, (dis-kl6zd') pp. Uncovered ; opened, to
view ; made known ; revealed ; told ; uttered.
DIS-€LoS'ER, n. One who discloses or Ireveals.
DIS-€LoS'lNG, ppr. Uncovering ; openmg to view ; re-
vealing ; making known ; telling.
DIS-€LoS'URE, (dis-kloizhur) n. 1. The act of disclosing ;
an uncovering and opening to view ; discovery. 2. The
act of revealing; utterance of what was secret; a telling.
3. The act of making known what was concealed. 4.
That vyhich is disclosed or njade known.
DIS-€LU'SION, (dis-klu'zhun) n. [L. disclusus.] An emis-
sion ; a throwing out. [Little used.] More.
t DIS-€oAST', V. i. To depart from ; to quit the coast,
DIS-€0-He'RENT, a. Incoherent.
DISCOID, n. [discus, and Gr. eiSos.] Something in form of
a discus or disk.
DIS'COID, ) a. Having the form of a disk. — Discoid or
DIS-€OID'AL, ) discous flowers are compound flowers,
not radiated, but the florets all fabulai-, as the tansy,
southern-wood, &c.
DIS-eoL'OR, V. t. [L. discoloro.] 1. To alter the natural
hue or color of; to stain ; to tinge. 2. To change any
color, natural or artificial; to alter a color partially. 3.
Figuratively, to alter the complexion ; to change the ap-
pearance.
DIS-€6L-0R-A'TI0N, n. 1. The act of altering the color ;
a staining. 2. Alteration of color ; stain. 3. Alteration
of complexion or appearance.
DIS-€6L'0RED, pp. 1. Altered in color; stained. 2. a.
Variegated ; being of divers colors. Spenser.
DIS-€oL'OR-ING, ppr. Alteiing the color or hue ; staining ;
changing the complexion.
DIS-€6M'FIT, V. t. [Fr. deconfire, deconfit.] To rout ; to
defeat; to scatter in fight; to cause to flee; to vanquish.
DIS-CoM'FIT, n. Rout ; dispersion ; defeat ; overthrow
DIS-€6M'FIT-ED, pp. Routed ; defeated ; overthrown.
DIS-€6M'FIT-ING, ppr. Routing; defeating.
DIS-€oM'PIT-URE, n. 1. Rout; defeat in battle ; disper-
sion ; overthrow. 2. Defeat ; frustration ; disappoint-
ment.
DIS-€oM'FORT, n. Uneasiness; disturbance of peace;
pain ; grief; inquietude. South.
DIS-€oM'FORT, v. t. To disturb peace or happiness ; to
make uneasy ; to pain ; to grieve ; to sadden ; to deject.
DIS-€oM'FORT-A-BLE, a. 1. Causing uneasiness ; un-
pleasant ; giving pain ; making sad ; [little used.] 2. Un-
easy ; melancholy ; refusing comfort ; [not used, l Shak.
t DIS-€6M'rORT-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being discom-
DIS-€oMTORT-ED, pp. Made uneasy ; disturbed ; pain
ed ; grieved.
DIS-€0M'FORT-ING, ppr. Disturbing peace and happi-
ness ; making uneasy ; grieving.
DIS-€OM-MEND', v. t. [dis and commend.] To blame ; to
censure ; to mention with disapprobation.
DIS-€OM-MEND'A-BLE, a. Blamable ; censurable; de
serving disapprobation. Ayliffe.
DIS-€OM-MEND'A-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; the
quality of being worthy of disapprobation.
DIS-€OM-MEN-Da'TION, n. Blame ; censure.
DIS-€OM-MEND'ER, n. One who discommends.
DIS-COM-MEND'ING, ppr. Blaming ; censuring.
t DIS-eOM'MO-DATE, v. t. To molest. Sir H. Wotton.
DIS-€OM-MoDE', v. t. [dis, and Fr. commode.] To put to
inconvenience ; to incommode , to molest ; to trouble.
DIS-€OM-MoDED, pp. Put to inconvenience; molested;
incommode^.
DIS-€OM-MoD'ING, ppr. Putting to inconvenience ; giv-
ing trouble to.
DIS-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. Inconvenient ; troublesome
Spenser.
DIS-eOM-MOD'I-TY, n. Inconvenience; trouble; hurt;
disadvantage. Bacon.
DIS-€OM'MON, V. t. 1. To appropriate common land ; to
separate and inclose common. Cowel. 2. To deprive of
the privileges of a place.
t DIS-€OM-PLEX'ION, v. t. To change the complexion or
color. Beaumont.
DIS-COM-PoSE', V. t. I. To unsettle ; to disorder ; to dis-
turb. 2. To disturb peace and quietness ; to agitate ; to
ruffle. Swift. 3. To displace ; to discard ; [not in use ]
Bacon.
DIS-€OM-PoS'ED, (dis-kom-pozd ) pp. Unsettled ; disor-
dered ; ruffled ; agitated ; disturbed.
DIS-€OM-Poffi'ING, ppr. Unsettling; putting out of order ;
ruffling ; agitating ; disturbing tranquillity.
f DIS-€OM-PO-SI"TION, n. Inconsistency.
DIS-€OM-PoS'URE, (dis-kom-po'zhur) n. Disorder ; agita-
tion ; disturbance ; perturbation.
DIS-CON-CERT', v. t. [dis and concert.] 1. To break or
interrupt any order, plan or harmonious scheme : to de-
feat ; to frustrate, 2. To unsettle the mind ; to discom-
pose ; to disturb ; to confuse.
DIS-eON-CERT'ED, pp. Broken ; interrupted ; disordered ;
defeated ; unsettled ; discomposed ; confused.
* See SyTiopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K } 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete.
DIS
254
DIS
DIS-€0N-CERT1NG^ ppr. Disordering j defeating; dis-
composing ; disturbing.
DIS-eON-CER'TION, n. The act of disconcerting. Ham-
ilton.
DIS-€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. Want of agreement or conform-
ity; inconsistency. Hakewill.
DIS-€ON-GRu'I-TY, n. Want of congruity; incongruity;
disagreement; inconsistency. Hale.
DIS-€ON-NEeT', v. t. [dis and connect.] To separate ; to
disunite ; to dissolve connection. Burke.
DIS-eON-NECT'ED, pp. Separated ; disunited.
DIS-eON-i-^EeT'ING, ppr. Separating ; disuniting.
DIS-€ON-NE€'TION, n. The act of separating, or state of
being disunited ; separation; want of union. Burke.
DIS-€ON-SENT', v. i. [dis and consent.] To differ; to dis-
agree ; not to consent. Milton.
t DJS-€ON'SO-LAN-CY, n. Disconsolateness.
DIS-€ON'SO-LATE, a. {dis, and L. consolatus.] I. Des-
titute of comfort or consolation ; sorrowful ; hopeless, or
not expecting comfort ; sad ; dejected ; melancholy. 2.
Not affording comfort ; cheerless.
DIS-eON'SO-LATE-LY, adv. In a disconsolate manner;
without cf>mfort.
DIS-€ON'SO-LATE-NESS, n. The state of being discon-
solate or comfortless.
DIS-€ON-SO-La'TION, m. Want of comfort. Jackson.
DIS-eON-TENT', n. Want of content ; uneasiness or in-
quietude of mind; dissatisfaction.
DIS-€ON-TENT', a. Uneasy ; dissatisfied. Hayward.
DIS-€ON-TENT', v. t. To make uneasy at the present
state ; to dissatisfy.
DIS-€ON-TENT'ED, pp. or a. Uneasy in mind ; dissatis-
fied ; unquiet.
DIS-€ON-TENT'ED-LY, adv. In a discontented manner
or mood.
DIS-€ON-TENT'ED-NESS, n. Uneasiness of mind; in-
quietude ; dissatisfaction. Addison.
DIS-eON-TENT'ING, a. Giving uneasiness.
DIS-€ON-TENT'MENT, n. The state of being uneasy in
mind ; uneasiness ; inquietude ; discontent.
DIS-€ON-TIN'U-ANCE, n. 1. Want of continuance;
cessation; intermission; interruption of continuance. 2.
Want of continued connection or cohesion of parts ; want
of union; disruption. — 3. In law, a breaking off or inter-
ruption of possession. — 4. Discontinuance of a suit is
when a plaintiff leaves a chasm in the proceedings in his
cause, as by not continuing the process regularly from day
to day.
DIS-€ON-TIN-U-A'TION, n. Breach or interruption of
continuity; disruption of parts; separation of parts.
DIS-eON-TIN UE, V. t. 1. To leave off; to cause to cease,
as a practice or habit ; to stop ; to put an end to. 2. To
break off; to interrupt. 3. To cease to take or receive.
DIS-€ON-TIN'UE, v. i. 1. To cease ; to leave the posses-
sion, or lose an established or long-enjoyed right. 2. To
lose the cohesion of parts ; to suffer disruption or separa-
tion of substance ; [little used.]
DIS-€ON-TIN'UED, pp. Left off; interrupted ; broken
off.
DIS-eON-TIN'U-ER, n. One who discontinues a rule or
practice.
DIS-€ON-TIN'U-ING, ppr. Ceasing ; mterrupting ; break-
ing off.
DIS-€ON-TI-Nu'I-TY, n. Disunion of parts ; want of cohe-
sion. J^ewton.
DIS-eON-TIN'U-OUn, a. i. Broken off; interrupted. 2.
Separated i_ wide ; gaping. Milton.
IHS-€ON-VeN'IENCE, 71. Incongruity ; disagreement.
[Little used.] Bramhall.
DIS-€0N-VeN'1ENT, a. Incongruous. Reynolds.
DIS'CORD, n. [L. discordia.] 1. Disagreement among
persons or things. Between persons, difference of opin-
ions ; variance ; opposition ; contention ; strife ; any dis-
agreement which produces angry passions, contest, dis-
putes, litigation or war. 2. Disagreement ; want of order ;
a clashing.— 3. In music, disagreement of sounds ; disso-
nance ; a union of sounds which is inharmonious, grating
and disagreeable to the ear.
fDIS-CORD', v.i. To disagree; to jar; to clash; not to
suit ; not to be coincident. Bacon.
DIS-€0RD'ANCE, ) n. [L. discordant.] Disagreement ; op-
DTS-€ORD'AN-CY, \ position ; inconsistency.
DLS-€ORD'ANT, a. [L. discordaus.] 1. Disagreeing; in-
congruous ; contradictory ; being at variance. 2. Oppo-
site ; contrarious ; not coincident. 3. Dissonant ; not in
unison ; not harmonious ; not accordant ; harsh ; jarring.
DIS-€ORD'ANT-LY, adv. Dissonantly ; in a discordant
manner ; inconsistently ; in a manner to jar or clash ; in
disagreement with another, or with itself.
DIS-€ORD'FUL, a. Ciuarrelsome ; contentious.
tDIS-€OUN'SEL, 17, t. To dissuade. Spenser.
DIS'€OUNT, 71. [Fr. deconte, or decompte.] I. A sum de-
ducted for prompt or advanced payment ; an allowance or
deduction from a sum due, or from a credit ; a certain rate
per cent, deducted from the credit pjice of goods sold, or.
account of prompt payment ; or any deduction from the
customary price, or from a sum due, or to be due, at a fu-
ture time. — 2. Among bankers, the deduction of a sum for
advanced payment; particularly, the deduction of the in-
terest on a sum lent, at the time of lending. 3. The sum
deducted or refunded. 4. The act of discounting.
*DIS'€OUNT, orDIS-eOUNT', r. f. [Sp. desco7itar.] 1.
To deduct a certain sum or rate per cent, from the princi-
pal sum. 2. To lend or advance the amount of, deduct-
ing the interest or other rate per cent, firom the principal,
at the time of the loan or advance.
* DIS'€OUNT, V. i. To lend or make a practice of lending
money, deducting the interest at the time of the loan.
Dl!3-€0UNT'A-BLE, a. That may be discounted.
DIS'€OUNT-DAY, n. The day of the week on which a
bank discounts notes and bills.
* DIS'€OUNT-ED, pp. 1. Deducted from a principal sum
paid back ; refunded or allowed. 2. Having the amount
lent on discount or deduction of a sum in advance.
DIS-€OUxV'TE-NANCE, v. t. [dis and countenance.] 1. To
abash ; to discompose the countenance ; to put to shame ;
[not v^ed.] Milton. 2. To discourage ; to check ; to re-
strain by irovvTis, censure, arguments, opposition or cold
treatment.
DIS-€OUN'TE-NAJfCE, n. Cold treatment ; unfavorable
aspect ; unfriendly regard ; disapprobation ; whatever
tends to check or discourage.
DIS-€OUN'TE-NANCED, pp. Abashed ; discouraged ,
checked ; frowned on.
DIS-eOUN'TE-NAN-CER, n. One who discourages by
cold treatment, frowns, censure or expression of disap-
probation ; one who checks or depresses by unfriendly re-
gards.
DIS-€OUN'TE-NAN-CING, ppr. Abashing ; discouraging;
checking by disapprobation or unfriendly regards.
* DIS'€OUNT-ER, n. One who advances money on dis-
counts. Burke.
* DIS'€OUNT-ING, ppr. 1. Deducting a sum for prompt or
advanced payment. 2. Lending on discount.
DIS'COUNT-ING, n. The act or practice of lending money
on discounts. Hamilton.
DIS-€oUR'A6E, (dis-kur'aje) v. t. [dis and courage ; Fr.
decourager.] 1. To extinguish the courage of; to dis-
hearten ; to depress the spirits ; to deject ; to deprive of
confidence. 2. To deter from any thing ; with from. 3.
To attempt to repress or prevent ;" to dissuade from.
DIS-€6UR'AGED, (dis-kur'ajd) pp. Disheartened ; depriv-
ed of courage or confidence ; depressed in spirits ; deject-
cd ' cli6ckG(i
DIS-€oUR'A6E-MENT, (dis-kur'aje-ment) n. 1. The act
of disheartening, or depriving of courage ; the act of de-
terring or dissuading from an undertaking ; the act of
depressing confidence. 2. That which destroys or abates
courage ; that which depresses confidence or hope ; that
which deters or tends to deter from an undertaking, or
from the prosecution of any thing.
DIS-€6UR'A-6ER, (dis-kur'a-jer) n. One who discom-ages ;
one who disheartens, or depresses the courage ; one who
impresses diffidence or fear of success ; one who dissuades
from an undertaking.
DIS-C6UR'A-6ING, (dis-kur'a-jing) ppr. 1. Dishearten-
ing ; depressing courage. 2. a. Tending to dishearten, or
to depress the courage.
DIS-€oURSE', (dis-kors') n. [Fr. discours ; L. disciirsus.]
1. The act of the understanding^ by which it passes from
premises to consequences. 2. Literally, a running over a
subject in speech ; hence, a communication of thoughts
by words, either to individuals, to companies, or to pub-
lic assemblies. 3. Effusion of language ; speech. 4. A
written treatise ; a formal dissertation. 5. A sermon, ut-
tered or written.
DIS-€oURSE', V. i. 1. To talk ; to converse ; but it ex-
presses rather more formality than talk. 2. To communi-
cate thoughts or ideas in a formal manner ; to treat upon
in a solemn, set manner. 3. To reason ; to pass from
premises to consequences.
t DIS-€oURSE', V. t. To treat of; to talk over, to discuss.
DIS-CoURS'ER, n. I. One who discourses ; a speaker ; a
haranguer. 2. The writer of a treatise.
DIS-€5URS'ING, ppr. Talking ; conversing ; preaching ;
discussing ; treating at some length or in a formal man-
ner.
DIS-€oUR'SIVE, a. I. Reasoning ; passing from premises
to consequences. J\Rlton. 2. Containing dialogue or con-
versation : interlocutorj'. Dryden.
*DIS-€oUR'TE-OUS, (dis-kor'te-us) [See CotrRXEous.] a.
Uncivil ; rude ; uncomplaisant ; wanting in good manners
*DIS-€OUR'TE-OUS-LY, (dis-kor'te-us-ly) adv. In a rude
or uncivil manner ; with incivility.
DIS-€OUR'TE-SY, (dis-kor'te-sy) n. [dis and couHesy.] In-
civility ; rudeness of behavior or language ; ill manners
act of disrespect.
fDIS-CoURT'SHIPjW. Want of respect. JB.JoTwon.
♦ See Synoysi3. A, E, I, 5, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
DIS
255
DIS
DISe'OUS, a. [L. discus.] Broad ; flat ; wide ; used of the
middle plain and flat part of some flowers.
DIS-€6V'ER, V. t. [Fr. decouvrirA 1. Literally, to uncov-
er ; to remove a covering. 2. To lay open to the view ; to
disclose ; to show ; to make visible ; to expose to view
something before unseen or concealed. 3. To reveal ; to
make known. 4. To espy ; to have the first sight of. 5.
To find out ; to obtain the first knowledge of; to come to
the knowledge of something sought or before unknown.
6. To detect.
DIS-€oV'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be discovered ; that
may be brought to light, or exposed to view. 2. That
may be seen, 3. That may be found out, or made known.
4. Apparent ; visible ; exposed to view.
DIS-€oV'ERED, pp. Uncovered ; disclosed to view ; laid
open ; revealed ; espied or first seen ; found out ; de-
DIS-€oV'ER-ER, m. 1. One who discovers ; one who
first sees or espies ; one who finds out, or first comes to
the knowledge of something. 2. A scout ; an explorer.
DIS-€oV'ER-ING, ppr. Uncovering ; disclosing to view ;
laying open ; revealing ; making known ; espying ; find-
ing out ; detecting.
DIS-€OV'ER-TURE, n. [Fr. decmivert.] A state of being
released from coverture ; freedom of a woman from the
coverture of a husband.
DIS-€6V'ER-Y, n. 1. The action of disclosing to view, or
bringing to light. 2. Disclosure ; a making known. 3.
The action of finding something hidden. 4. The act of
finding out, or coming to the knowledge of. 5. The act
of espying ; first sight of. 6. That which is discovered,
found out or revealed ; that which is first brought to light,
seen or known. — 7. In dramatic poetry, the uriraveling of
a plot, or the manner of unfolding the plot, or fable, of a
comedy or tragedy.
DIS-€RED'IT, n. [Fr. discredit.] 1. Want of credit or
good reputation ; some degree of disgrace or reproach ;
disesteem. 2. Want of belief, trust or confidence ; dis-
belief.
DIS-€RED'IT, V. t. [Fr. decrediter.] 1. To disbelieve ; to
give no credit to ; not to credit or believe. 2. To deprive
of creuit or good reputation ; to make less reputable or
honorable ; to bring into disesteem ; to bring into some
degree of disgrace, or into disrepute. 3. To deprive of
credibility.
DIS-€RED'IT-A-BLE, a. Tending to injure credit : inju-
rious to reputation ; disgraceful ; disreputable.
DIS-CRED'IT-ED, pp. Disbelieved ; brought into disrepute ;
disgraced.
DIS-€RED'IT-ING, ppr. Disbelieving ; not tnisting to ; de-
priving of credit ; disgracing.
DIS-€REET', a. [Fr. discrei.] Prudent; wise in avoiding
errors or evil, and in selectmg the best means to accom-
plish a purpose ; circumspect ; cautious ; wary ; not rash.
DIS-€REET'IiY, adv. Prudently ; circumspectly ; cau-
tiously ; with nice judgment of what is best to be done or
omitted.
DIS-€REET'NESS, m. The quality of being discreet ; dis-
cretion.
*DIS-€REP'ANCE, ) n. [L. discrepantia.] Difference ; dis-
* DIS-€REP'AN-C Y, \ agreement ; contrariety, Faher.
* DIS-€REP'ANT, a. Difierent; disagreeing; contrary.
DIS-CReTE', a. [1,. discretus.1 1. Separate; distinct ; dis-
junct. — Discrete proportion is when the ratio of two or
more pairs of numbers or quantities is the same, but there
is not the same proportion between all the numbers ; as,
3 : 6 : : 8 : 16. Harris. 2. Disjunctive.
t DTS-€ReTE', v. t. To separate ; to discontinue.
DIS-€RE"TION, (dis-kresh'un) n. [Fr. discretion.] 1.
Prudence, or knowledge and prudence ; that discern-
ment which enables a person to judge critically of what
is correct and proper, united with caution ; nice discern-
ment and judgment, directed by circumspection, and pri-
marily regarding one's own conduct. 2. Liberty or pow-
er of acting without other control than one's own judg-
ment. — To surrender at discretion, is to surrender without
stipulation or terms. 3. Disjunction ; separation ; [not
much used.] Mede.
DIS-€RE"TION-A-RY, or DIS-€RE"TION-AL, a. Left to
discretion; unrestrained except by discretion or judg-
ment ; that is to be directed or managed by discretion only.
DIS-€RE"TION-A-RI-LY, or DIS-€RE"TION-AL-LY,
adv. At discretion ; according to discretion.
DIS-€Re'TIVE, a. 1. Disjunctive ; noting separation or
opposition. — In logic, a discretive proposition expresses
some distinction, opposition or variety, by means of but,
thoutrh, yet, &c.; as, travelers change tlieir climate, &M,t
not their temper. — 2. In grammar, discretive distinctions
are such as imply opposition or difference ; as, not a man,
but a beast. 3. Separate ; distinct.
* DIS-€Re'TIVE-LY, adv. In a discretive manner.
DIS-€RIM'I-NA-BLE, a. That may be discriminated.
DIS-CRIM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. dlscnmino.] 1. To distin-
guish ; to observe the difference between. 2. To sepa-
rate ; to. select from others ; to make a distinction be
tween. 3. To mark with notes of difference ; todistin
guish by some note or mark.
DIS-€RIM'I-NATE, v. i. 1. To make a difference or dis-
tinction. 2. To observe or note a diflTerence ; to distin-
guish.
DIS-€RIM'I-NATE, a. Distinguished; having the differ-
ence marked. Bacon.
DIS-€RIM'I-NA-TED, pp. Separated ; distinguished.
DIS-€RIM'I-NATE-LY, adv. Distinctly ; with minute dis-
tinction ; particularly. Johnson.
DIS-€RIM'I-NATE-NESS, n. Distinctness; marked dif-
ference. Diet.
DIS-GRIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. 1. Separating; distinguish-
ing ; marking with notes of difference. 2. a. Distinguish-
ing ; peculiar ; characterized by peculiar differences. 3.
a. That discriminates ; able to make nice distinctions.
DIS-€RIM-I-Na'TION, n. 1 . The act of distinguishing ;
the act of making or observing a difference ; distinction.
2. The state of being distinguished. 3, Mark of distinc-
tion.
DIS-€RIM'I-NA-T1VE, a. 1. That makes the mark of dis-
tinction ; that constitutes the mark of difference ; charac-
teristic. 2. That observes distinction.
DIS-€RIM'I-NA-TiVE-LY, adv. With discrimination or
distinction. Foster.
t DIS-€RIM'I-NOUS, a. Hazardous. Harvey.
t DIS-€RU'CIA-TING, a. Painful. Brown.
I)IS-€u'BI-TO-RY, a. [L. discvMtorius.] Leaning ; inclin-
ing ; or fitted to a leaning posture. Brown.
DIS-€ULP'ATE, v. t. [Fr. disculper.] To free from blame
or fault ; to exculpate ; to excuse. Ashton.
DIS-€ULP'A-TED, pp. Cleared from blame ; exculpated.
DIS-€ULP'A-TING, ppr. Freeing from blame ; excusing.
DIS-€UM'BEN-CY, w. [1,. discumbens.] The act of leaning
at meat, according to the manner of the ancients.
DIS-€UM'BER, v. t. To unburden ; to throw off any thing
cumbersome ; to disengage ; to disencumber.
t DIS-€uRE', V. t. To discover ; to reveal. Spenser.
t DIS-€UR'RENT, a. Not current, Sandys.
DIS-€UR'SION, n. [L, discurro.] A running or rambling
about. Bailey.
t DIS-€URS'IST, n. A disputer. L. .Addison.
DIS-eURS'IVE, a. [Sp. disciirsivo.] 1. Moving or roving
about ; desultory. 2. Argumentative ; reasoning ; pro
ceeding regularly from premises to consequences ; some
times written discourdve.
DIS-€URS'IVE-LY, adv. Argumentatively ; in the form of
reasoning or argument. Hale.
DIS-€URS'IVE-NESS, t?. Range or gradation of argument.
DIS-€URS'0-RY, a. Argumental ; rational. Johnson.
DIS€'US, n. [L.] 1. A quoit ; a piece of iron, copper or
stone, to be thrown in play. 2. In botany, the middle
plain part of a radiated compound flower, generally con-
sisting of small florets. 3. The face or surface of the sun*
or moon.
DIS-€USS', v. t. [L. discutio, discu^sum.] 1. To disperse ;
to scatter ; to dissolve ; to repel. 2. To debate ; to agi-
tate by argument ; to clear of objections and difficulties,
with a view to find or illustrate truth ; to sift ; to exam-
ine by disputation ; to ventilate ; to reason on. 3. To
break in pieces; [not used.} Brown. 4. To shake off;
[not in use.] Spender.
DIS-€USS'ED, (dis-kusf) pp. Dispersed ; dissipated ; debat-
ed; agitated; argued.
DIS-€USS'ER, n. One who discusses ; one who sifts or ex-
amines.
DIS-€USS'ING, ppr. Dispersing ; resolving ; scattering ; de-
bating ; agitating ; examining by argument.
DIS-GUSS'ING, n. Discussion ; examination.
DIS-€US'SION, n. 1. In surgery, resolution ; the disper-
sion of a tumor or any coagulated matter. Coxe. 2. De-
bate ; disquisition ; the agitation of a point or subject with
a view to elicit truth ; the treating of a subject by argu-
ment.
DIS-CUSS'IVE, a. Having the power to discuss, resolve
or disperse tumors or coagulated matter.
DIS-€USS'IVE, n. A medicine that discusses; a discu-
tient.
DIS-€u'TIENT, a. [L. discutiens.] Discussing; dispers-
ing morbid matter.
DIS-€!U'TIENT, n. A medicine or application which dis-
perses a tumor or any coagulated fluid in the body-
Coze.
DIS-DaIN', v. t. [Fr. dedaigner.] To think unworthy ; to
deem worthless ; to consider to be unworthy of notice,
care, regard, esteem, or unworthy of one's character ; to
scornj to contemn.
DIS-DaIN', n. Contempt ; scorn ; a passion excited in no-
ble minds, by the hatred or detestation of what is mean
and dishonorable, and implying a consciousness of supe-
riority of mind, or a supposed superiority.
DIS-DaIN'ED, (diz-dand') pp. Despised , contemned ;
scorned.
Se« Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 aa J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
DIS
256
DIS
DIS-DAIN'FUL, a. 1. Full of disdain. 2. Expressing dis-
dain. 3. Contemptuous ; scornful ; haughty ; indignant.
D1S-DaIN'FUL-LY, adv. Contemptuously j with scorn;
in a haughty manner. South.
DIS-DAIN'FUL-JNESS, n. Contempt; contemptuousness ;
haughty scorn. Sidney.
DIS-DaIN'INGj ppr. Contemning; scorning.
DIS-DaIN'ING, n. Contempt ; scorn.
DIS-DI-A-€LAS'TI€, a. An epithet given to a fine pellu-
cid spar, called also Iceland crystal.
DIS-DI-A-Pa'SON, I n. [See Diapason.] In music, a com-
BIS-DI-A-Pa'SON, \ pound concord in the quadruple ra-
tio of 4: lorS :2.
DIS-eASE', (diz-eze') n. \dis and ease.'] 1. In its primary
sense, pain, uneasiness, distress ; but in this sense obso-
lete. Spenser. 2. The cause of pain or uneasiness ; dis-
temper ; malady ; sickness ; disorder ; any state of a liv-
ing body, in which the natural functions of the organs are
interrupted or disturbed. 3. A disordered state of the
mind or intellect, by which the reason is impau-ed.— 4. In
society, vice ; corrupt state of morals. 5. Political or civil
disorder, or vices in a state.
DIS-EASE', (diz-eze') v. t. 1. To interrupt or impair any
or all the natural and regular functions of the several or-
gans of a living body ; to afflict with pain or sickness ; to
make morbid ; used chiefly in the passive participle. 2.
To interrupt, or render imperfect, the regular functions of
the brain, or of the intellect : to disorder ; to derange. 3.
To infect ; to communicate disease to, by contagion. 4.
To j)ain : to make uneasy.
DIS-eAS'ED, (diz-ezd') pp. or a. Disordered ; distemper-
G(l ■ sick
DIS-eAS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being diseased ; a
morbid state ,• sickness. Burnet.
DIS-eASE'FUL, a. 1. Abounding with disease ; produc-
ing_diseases! 2. Occasioning uneasiness.
DIS-eASE'MENT, n. Uneasiness ; inconvenience. Bacon.
DIS-ED6'ED, (dis-edjd') a. Blunted ; made dull. Shak.
DIS-EM-BARK', v. t. [Ft. desembarquer.] To land ; to de-
bark ; to remove from on board a ship to the land ; to put
on shore ; applied particularly to the landing of troops and
military apparatus.
DIS-EM-BARK', v. i. To land ; to debark ; to quit a ship
for residence or action on shore.
DIS-EM-BARK'ED, (dis-em-barkf) pp. Landed ; put on
shore.
DIS-EM-BARK ING, ppr. Landing ; removing from on
board a ship to land.
DIS-EM-BARK'MENT, n. The act of disembarking.
DIfl-EM-BAR'RASS, v. t. To free from embarrassment or
perplexity ; to clear ; to extricate.
DIS-EM-BAR'RASSED, pp. Freed from embarrassment ;
extricated from difiiculty.
DtS-EM-BAR'RASS-ING, ppr. Freeing from" embarrass-
ment or perplexity ; extricating.
DIS-EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, K. The act of extricating from
perplexity.
DIS-EM-BaY', v. t. To clear from a bay. Sherburne.
DIS-EM-BIT'TER, v. t. [dis and embitter.] To free from
bitterness ; to clear from acrimony ; to render sweet or
pleasant. Addison.
DIS-EM-BOD'IED, a. 1. Divested of the body. 2. Sepa-
rated ; discharged from keeping in a body.
DIS-EM-BOD'Y, v.t. I. To divest of body ; to free from
flesh. 2. To discharge from military array.
DIS-EM-BoGUE', (dis-em-bog') v. t. [dis, and Fr. emboucher.]
To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a stream ; to
vent ; to discharge into the ocean or a lake.
DiS-EM-BoGUE', v. i. 1. To flow out at the mouth, as a
river ; to discharge waters into the ocean, or into a lake.
2. To pass out of a gulf or bay.
DIS-EM-BoGUE'MENT, n. Discharge of waters into the
ocean or a lake. Mease.
DIS-EM-BoS'OM, V. t. To stparate from the bosom.
DIS-EM-BOW'EL, v. t. To take out the bowels ; to take or
draw from the bowels.
DIS-EM-BOW'ELED, pp. Taken or drawn from the bow-
DIS-EM-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Taking or drawing from the
bowels.
t DIS-EM-BR AN'GLE, v. t. To free from litigation.
DIS-EM-BROIL', v. t. To disentangle ; to free from per-
plexity ; to extricate from confusion. Dryden.
DIS-EM-BROIL'ED, (dis-em-broild') pp. Disentangled;
cleared from perplexity or confusion.
DIS-EM-BROIL'ING, ppr. Disentangling; freeing from
confusion.
DIS-EN-A'BLE, v.t. "To deprive of power, natural or moral ;
to disable ; to deprive of ability or means.
DIS-EN-a'BLED, pp. Deprived of power, ability or means.
DIS-EN-A'BLING, ppr. Depriving of power, ability or
means.
DIS-EN-CHANT', v. t. To free from enchantment ; to de-
liver from the power of charms or spells.
DIS-EN-CHANT'ED, pp. Delivered from enchantment, or
the power of charms.
DIS-EN-CHANT'ER, n. One who frees from the power of
enchantment. Oayton.
DIS-EN-CHANT'ING, ppr. Freeing from enchantment, or
the influence of charms.
DIS-EN-€UM'BER, v. t. 1. To free from encumbrance ; to
deliver from clogs and impediments ; to disburden. 2. To
free from any obstruction ; to free from any thing heavy
or unnecessary.
DIS-EN-€UM'BERED, pp. Freed from encumbrance.
DIS-EN-eUM'BER-ING, ppr. Freeing from encumbrance.
DIS-EN-CUM'BRANCE, n. Freedom or deliverance from
encumbrance, or any thing burdensome or troublesome.
DIS-EN-Ga6E', v. t. 1. To separate, as a substance from
any thing with which it is in union ; to free ; to loose ; to
liberate. 2. To separate from that to which one adheres,
or is attached. 3. To disentangle ; to extricate ; to clear
from impediments, difiiculties or perplexities. 4. To de-
tach ; to withdraw ; to wean. 5. To free from any thing
that commands the mind, or employs the attention. 6. To
release or liberate from a promise or obligation ; to set free
by dissolving an engagement.
DIS-EN-Ga6E', v. i. To set one's self free from ; to with-
draw one's affections from.
DIS-EN-Ga6'ED, (dis-en-gajd') pp. 1. Separated ; detach-
ed ; set free ; released ; disjoined ; disentangled. 2. a
Vacant ; being at leisure ; not particularly occupied ; not
having the attention confined to a particular object.
DIS-EN-GaG'ED-NESS, 71. 1. The quality or state of being
disengaged ; freedom from connection ; disjunction. 2.
Vacuity of attention.
DIS-EN-GAGE'MENT, n. 1. A setting free ; separation ;
extrication. 2. The act of separating or detaching. 3.
Liberation or release from obligation. 4. Freedom from
attention ; vacancy ; leisure.
DIS-EN-Ga6'ING, ppr. Separating ; loosing ; setting free ,
detaching ; liberating ; releasing from obligation.
DIS-EN-No'BLE, v. t. To deprive of title, or of that which
ennobles. Ouardian.
DIS-EN-RoLL', v. i. To erase from a roll or list.
DIS-EN-SLaVE', v. t. To free from bondage. South.
DIS-EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. I. To unravel ; to unfold ; to un-
twist ; to loose, separate or disconnect things which are
interwoven, or united without order. 2. To free ; to ex-
tricate from perplexity ; to disengage from complicated
concerns ; to set free from impediments or difficulties.
3. To disengage ; to separate.
DIS-EN-TAN'GLED, pp. Freed from entanglement : extri-
cated.
DIS-EN-TAN'GLING, ppr. Freeing from entanglement,
extricating.
DIS-EN-TER'. See Disinter.
DIS-EN-THRoNE', v. t. To dethrone ; to depose from sove-
reign authority.
DIS-EN-THRoN'ED, (dis-en-throndO pp. Deposed ; depriv-
ed of sovereign power.
DIS-EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Deposmg ; depriving of royai
authority.
DIS-EN-Tl'TLE, v. t. To deprive of title. South.
DIS-EN-TRANCE', v. t. To awaken from a trance, or from
deep sleep ; to arouse from a revery.
DiS-EN-TRAN'CED, (dis-en-transf) pp. Awakened from a
trance, sleep or revery.
DIS-EN-TRAN'CING, ppr. Arousing from a trance, sleep
or revery.
fDIS-ERT', a. [L. disertus.] Eloquent
t DIS-ERT'LY, adv. Eloquently,
biS-E-SPOUSE', V. t. To separate after espousal or plighted
faith ; to divorce. Milton.
DIS-E-SPOUS'ED, (dis-e-spouzd') pp. Separated after
espousal ; released from obligation to marry.
DIS-E-SPOUS'ING, ppr. Separating after plighted faith.
DI3-E-STEEM', n. Want of esteem : slight dislike ; disre-
gard. Locke.
DIS-E-STEEM', v. t. To dislike in a moderate degree ; to
consider with disregard, disapprobation, dislike or slight
contempt ; to slight.
DIS-E-STEEM'ED, (dis-e-steemd') pp. Disliked ; slighted.
DIS-E-STEEM'ING, ppr. Disliking ; slighting.
DIS-ES-TI-Ml'TION,n. Disesteem ; bad repute.
DIS-EX'ER-ClSE, v. t. To deprive of exercise. Milton
t DTS-FAN'CY, v. t. To dislike. Hammond.
DIS-Fa'VOR, 71. 1. Dislike ; slight displeasure ; discounte-
nance ; unfavorable regard ; disesteem. 2. A state of un-
acceptableness ; a state in which one is not esteemed or
favored, or not patronized, promoted or befriended. 3. An
ill ordisobliging act.
DIS-Fa'VOR, v. t. To discountenance ; to withdraw, oj
withhold from one, kindness, friendship or support ; to
check or oppose by disapprobation.
DIS-Fa'VORED, pp. Discountenanced ; not favored.
DIS-Fa'VOR-ER, n. One who discountenances.
DIS-Fa'VOR-ING, ppr. Discountenancing.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.—FKR, F^VLL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
DIS
257
DIS
DIS-FIG-U -RATION, n. 1. The act of disfiguring, or mar-
ring external form. 2. The state of being disfigured j
some degree of deformity.
DIS-FIG URE, V. t. 1. To change to a worse form ; to mar
external figure ; to impair shape or form, and render it less
perfect and beautiful. 2. To marj to impair; to injure
beauty, symmetry or excellence.
DIS-FIG URED, pp. Changed to a worse form ; impaired in
form or appearance.
DIS-FIG'URE-MENT, n. Change of external form to the
worse; defacement of beauty.
DIS-FIG'UR-ER, n. One who disfigures.
DIS-FIG UR-ING, ppr. Injuring the form or shape ; impair-
ing the beauty of form.
DIS-FOR'EST. See Disafforest.
OIS-FRAN'CHiSE, v. t. [dis and franchise.] To deprive of
the rights and privileges of a free citizen ; to deprive of
chartered rights and immunities ; to deprive of any fran-
chise.
DIS-FRAN'CHiSED, pp. Deprived of the rights and priv-
ileges of a free citizen, or of some particular franchise.
l)IS-FRAN'Cm«E-MENT, n. The act of disfranchising, or
depriving of the privileges of a free citizen, or of some
particular immunity.
DIS-FRAN'CHlS-ING, ppr. Depriving of the privileges of a
free citizen, or of some particular immunity.
t DIS-FRl'AR, V. t. To deprive of the state of a friar.
DIS-FUR'NISH, V. t. To deprive of furniture ; to strip of
apparatus, habiliments or equipage.
DIS-FUR'NISHED, pp. Deprived of furniture ; stripped of
apparatus.
DIS-FUR NISH-ING, ppr. Depriving of furniture or appara-
tus.
t DIS-GAL'LANT, v. t. To deprive of gallantry.
DIS-GAR'NISH, v. t. {dis and garnish.'] 1. To divest of
garniture or ornaments. 2. To deprive of a garrison, guns
and military apparatus ; to degarnish.
DIS-GAR'RI-SON, v. t. To deprive of a garrison.
DIS-GAV'EL, V. t. To take away the tenure of gavelkind.
DIS-GAV ELED, pp. Deprived of the tenure by gavelkind.
DIS-GAV'EL-ING, ppr. Taking away tenure by gavelkind.
DIS-GLo'RI-FY, V. t. To deprive of glory ; to treat with in-
dignitv
DIS-G0R6E', (dis-gorj') v. t. [Fr. degorger.] 1. To eject
or discharge from the stomach, throat or mouth ; to vomit.
2. To throw out with violence ; to discharge violently or
in great quantities from a confined place.
I)IS-G0R6 ED, (dis-gorjd') pp. Ejected ; discharged from the
stomach or mouth ; thrown out with violence and in great
quantities.
DIS-G0E6E'MENT, n. The act of disgorging ; a vomiting.
Hall.
DIS-G0R6'ING, ppr. Discharging from the throat or mouKi ;
vomiting ; ejecting with violence and in great quantities.
t DIS-GOS'PEL, V. i. [dis and gospel.] To differ from the
precepts of the gospel. Milton.
DIS-GRaCE', n. [dis and grace.] I. A state of being out of
favor ; disfavor ; disesteem. 2. State of ignominy ; dis-
honor ; shame. 3. Cause of shame. 4, Act of unkind-
ness ; [not used.] Sidney.
DIS-GRaOE', v. t. 1. To put out of favor. 2. To bring a
reproach on ; to dishonor. 3. To bring to shame ; to dis-
honor ; to sink in estimation.
DIS-GRaC'ED, (dis-grasf) pp. Put out of favor; brought
under reproach ; dishonored.
DIS-GRaCE'F|JL, a. Shameful ; reproachful ; dishonorable ;
procuring shame ; sinking reputation.
DIS-GRaCE'FIJL-LY, adv. 1. With disgrace. 2. Shame-
fully ; reproachfully ; ignominiously ; in a disgraceful
manner.
DTS-GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Ignominy ; sliamefulness.
DIS-GRa'CER, n. One who disgraces ; one who exposes to
disgrace ; one who brings into disgrace, shame or con-
tempt.
DIS-GRa'CING, ppr. Bringing reproach on ; dishonoring.
DIS-GRa'CIOUS, a. Ungracious ; unpleasing.
DIS-GRaDE', v. t. Our old word for degrade.
DIS'GRE-GATE, v. t. To separate ; to disperse.
DIS-GUiSE', (dis-gize') v. t. [Fr. deguiser.] 1. To conceal
by an unusual habit, or mask. 9. To hide by a counter-
feit appearance ; to cloke by a false show, by false lan-
guage, or an artificial manner. 3. To disfigure ; to alter
the form, and exhibit an unusual appearance. 4. To dis-
figure or deform by liquor ; to intoxicate.
DIS-GUiSE', n. 1. A counterfeit habit ; a dress intended to
conceal the person who wears it. 2. A false appearance ;
a counterfeit show ; an artificial or assumed appearance,
intended to deceive the beholder. 3. Change of manner
by drink ; intoxication.
DTS-GUiS'ED, (dis-glzd') pp. Concealed by a counterfeit
habit or appearance ; intoxicated.
DlS-GUlS'ED-LY, adv. So as to be concealed.
DlS-GUlSE'MENT, n. Dress of concealment ; false appear-
ance.
DIS-GUrs'ER, n. 1. One who disguises himself or another.
2. He or that which disfigures.
DIS-GUIS'ING, ppr. Concealing by a counterfeit dress, or
by a false show ; intoxicating.
DIS-GUiS'ING, n. 1. The act of giving a false appearance
2. Theatrical mummery or masking.
DIS-GUST', n. [Fr. degoHt.] 1. Disrelish ; distaste ; aver-
sion to the taste of food or drink ; an unpleasant sensation
excited in the organs of taste by something disagreeable
2. Dislike ; aversion ; an unpleasant sensation in the mind
excited by something oflfensive.
DIS-GUST', V. t. 1. To excite aversion in the stomach; to
offend the taste. 2. To displease ; to offend the mind or
moral taste.
DIS-GUST' ED, pp. Displeased; offended.
DIS-GUST'FUL, a. Offensive to the taste ; nauseous ; ex-
citing aversion in the natural or moral taste.
DIS-GUST'ING, ppr. 1. Provoking aversion ; offending the
taste. 2. a. Provoking dislike ; odious ; hateful.
DIS-GUST'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to give disgust.
DISH, n. [^sx. disc] ]. A broad, open vessel, used for
serving up meat and various kinds of food at the table.
2. The meat or provisions served in a dish. Hence, any
particular kind of food. — 3. Among miners, a trough in
which ore is measured.
DISH, V. t. To put in a dish.
DISH'-CLOTH, ) n. A cloth used for washing and wiping
DISH'-CLOUT, \ dishes. Swift.
DISH'-WASH-ER, n. The name of a bird, the mergus.
DISH'-WA-TER, n. Water in which dishes are washed.
DIS-HA-B'iL'I-TATE, v. t. To disqualify.
DISH-A-BILLE', ) , ,. ^ , .,,. ( n. [Fr. deshaUlU.] An un-
DISH-A-BIL', \ Cais-a-Du; | ^^.^^g. ^ ^^^^^^ negligent
dress for the morning. But see deshabille, the French, and
more correct orthography.
tDIS-HAB'IT, V. t. To drive from a habitation. Shak.
DIS-HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Incongruous.
fDlS-HAR'MO-NY, n. [dis and harmony.] Want of har-
mony ; discord ; incongruity.
DIS-HEART'EN, (dis-har'tn) v. t. [dis and heart '' To dis-
courage ; to deprive of courage ; to depress the spirits : ta
deject ; to impress with fear.
DIS-HEaRT'ENED, pp. Discouraged ; depressed in spirits -
cast down.
DIS-HEART'EN-ING, ppr. Discouraging; depressing the
spirits.
DISHED, ;>>. Put in a dish or dishes.
tDIS-HEIR', (diz-areO v. t. To debar from inheriting.
JDISriER'I-SON, 7?. The act of disinheriting, or cuttmg off
^:om inheritance. Bp. Hall.
I»IS-HER'IT, V. t. [Fr. desheriter.] To disinherit ; to cut off
from the possession or enjoyment of an inheritance.
DIS-HER'I-TANCE, n. The state of disheriting or of being
disinherited. Beaumont.
DIS-HER 'IT-ED, pp. Cut off from an inheritance or heredi-
tary succession.
DIS-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Cutting off from an inheritance.
DI-SHEV'EL, (dish-shev'el) v. t. [Fr. decheveler.] To
spread tlie hair loosely ; to suffer the hair of the head to
hang negligently, and to flow without confinement.
DI-SHEV'EL, V. i. To spread in disorder. Herbert.
DI-SHEV'ELED, pp. or a. Hanging loosely and negligently,
without confinement ; flowing in disorder.
DI-SHEV'EL-ING, ppr. Spreading loosely.
DISH'ING, ppr. 1. Putting in a dish or dishes. 2. a. Con-
cave ; having the hollow form of a dish.
DIS-HON'EST, (diz-on'est) a. 1. Void of honesty ; destitute
of probity, integrity or good faith ; faithless ; fraudulent ;
knavish ; having or exercising a disposition to deceive,
cheat and defraud. 2. Proceeding from fraud or marked
by it ; fraudulent ; knavish. 3. Disgraced ; dishonored ;
from the sense in Latin. 4. Disgraceful ; ignominious ;
from the Latin sense. 5. Unchaste ; lewd Shak.
DIS-HON'EST-LY, (diz-on'est-ly) adv. 1. In a dishonest
manner ; without good faith, probity or integrity ; with
fraudulent views; knavishly. 2. Lewdly; unchastely.
Ecclesiasticus.
DIS-HON'EST-Y, (diz-on'est-y) n. 1. Want of probity, or
integrity in principle ; faithlessness ; a disposition to cheat
or defraud, or to deceive and betray. 2. Violation of trust
or of justice ; fraud ; treachery ; any deviation from probi-
ty or integrity. 3. Unchastity ; incontinence ; lewdness
4. Deceit ; wickedness ; shame.
DIS-HON'OR, (diz-on'or) n. [dis and honor.] Reproach ,
disgrace ; ignominy ; shame ; whatever constitutes a stain
or blemish in the reputation.
DIS-HON'OR, v.t. 1. To disgrace ; to bring reproach or
shame on ; to stain the character of; to lessen reputation
2. To treat with indignity. 3. To violate the chastity of;
to debauch. 4. To refuse pr decline to accept or pay.
DIS-HON'OR- A-BLE, (diz-on'or-a-bl) a. 3. Shameful; re-
proachful ; base ; vile ; bringing shame on ; staining the
character, and lessening reputation. 2. Destitute of hon-
or. 3. In a state of neglect or disesteem.
* See Synopsis
MOVE, BOOK, D6VE :
• -17
-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH gs in this, f Obsolete ,
DIS
258
DIS
DIS-HON'OR-A-BLY, adv. Reproachfully ; in a dishonora-
ble manner.
DIS-HON'OR-A-RY, (diz-on'or-a-ry) o. Bringing dishonor
on ; tending to disgrace ; lessening reputation.
DIS-HON'ORED, f-p. Disgraced , brought into disrepute.
DIS-HON'OR-ER, n. One who dishonors or disgraces ; one
who tieats another with indignity.
DIS-HON OR-ING, ppr. Disgracing ; bringing into disre-
pute ; treating with indignity.
DIS-HORN', V. t. To deprive of horns. Shak.
DIS-HORN'ED, (dis-hornd') pp. Stripped of horns.
DIS-Hu'MOR, n. Peevishness ; ill humor.
DIS-IM-PaRK', v. t. To free from the barriers of a park ; to
free from restraints or seclusion.
DIS-IM-PRGVE'MENT, n. [dis and improvement.] Reduc-
tion from a better to a worse state. [Little used.] Swift.
DIS-IN-€AR CER-ATE, v. t. To liberate from prison ; to
set free from confinement. [JVot much used.]
DIS-IN-€LI-Na'TION, n. Want of inclination ; want of
propensity, desh-e or affection ; slight dislike ; aversion ;
expressing less than hate.
DlS-IN-€LlNE , V. t. [dis and incline.] To excite dislike or
slight aversion ; to make disaffected ; to alienate from.
DIS-IN-€LlN'ED, (dis-in-klind') pp. Not inclined ; averse.
DIS-IN-€LlN'ING, ^J^^r. Exciting dislike or slight aversion.
DIS-IN-eOR'PO-RATE, v. t. 1. To deprive of corporate
powers ; to disunite a corporate body, 2. To detach or
separate from a corporation or society.
DIS-IN-eOR-PO-RA'TION, n. Deprivation of the rights
and privileges of a corporation. Warton.
DIS-IN-FECT', V. t. [dis and infect.] To cleanse from in-
fection ; to purify from contagious matter.
DIS-IN-FE€T'ED, pp. Cleansed from infection.
DIS-IN-FE€T'ING, ppr. Purifying from infection.
DIS-IN-FE€'TI0N, n. Purification from infecting matter.
Med. Repos.
DIS-IN-6E-Nu'I-TY, n. [dis and ingenuitij.] Meanness of
artifice ; unfairness ; disingenuousness ; want of candor.
Clarendon. [Little used.]
DIS-IN-GEN'U-OUS, a. 1. Unfair ; not open, frank and
candid ; meanly artful ; illiberal ; applied to persons, 2.
Unfair ; meanly artful ; unbecoming true honor and dig-
nity ; as, disingenuous conduct.
DIS-IN-6EN'U-0US-LY, adv. In a disingenuous manner ;
unfairly ; not openly and candidly 5 with secret manage-
ment.
DIS-IN-6EN'U-0US-NESS, ?i. 1. Unfairness ; want of can-
dor ; low craft. 2. Characterized by unfairness, as con-
duct or practices.
t DIS-IN-HAB'IT-ED, a. Deprived of inhabitants.
DIS-IN-HER'I-SON, n. 1. The act of cutting off from hered-
itary succession ; the act of disinheriting. Bacon. 2. The
.state of being disinherited. Taylor.
DIS-IN-HER'IT, v. t. To cut off from hereditary right ; to
deprive of an inheritance ; to prevent, as an heir, from
coming into possession of any property or right.
DIS-IN-HER'IT-ED, pp. Cut off from an inheritance.
DIS-IN-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Depriving of an hereditary
estate or right.
DIS-IN'TE-GRA-BLE, a. That may be separated into in-
tegrant parts ; capable of disintegration.
DIS-IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. [dis and integer.] To separate
the integrant parts of. Kirioan.
DIS-IN'TE-GRA-TED, pp. Separated into integrant parts
witnout cnemicai action.
DIS-IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. The act of separating integrant
parts of a substance.
DIS-IN-TER', v. t. [dis and inter.] 1. To take out of a
grave, or out of the earth. 2. To take out as from a
grave ; to bring from obscurity into view.
DiS-IN-TER-ESS'ED. See Disinterested.
t DIS-IN-TER-ESS'MENT, n. Disinterestedness.
DIS-IN'TER-EST, n. [dis and interest.] 1. What is contra-
ry to the interest or advantage ; disadvantage ; injury ;
[little used.] 2. Indifference to profit ; want of regard
to private advantage.
DIS-IN'TER-EST, v. t. To disengage from private interest
or personal advantage. [Little used.] Feltham.
DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. 1. Uninterested ; indifferent 5 free
from self-interest ; having no personal interest or private
advantage in a question or affair. 2. Not influenced or
dictated by private advantage.
DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-LY, adv. In a disinterested manner.
DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-NESS, n. The state or quality of
having no personal interest or private advantage in a
question or event ; freedom from bias or prejudice, on ac-
count of private interest j indifference.
DIS-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Uninteresting.
DIS-IN-TER'MENT, n. The act of disinterring, or taking
out of the earth.
DIS-IN-TER'RED, (dis-in-terd') pp. Taken out of the earth
or grave.
DIS-IN-TER'RING, ppr. Taking out of the earth, or out of
grave
DIS-IN-THRALL', v. t. To liberate from slavery, bondage
or servitude ; to free or rescue from oppression.
DIS-IN-THRALL'ED, (dis-in-thrawldO pp. Set free from
bondage.
DIS-IN-THRALL'ING, ppr. Delivering from slavery or sei-
vitude.
DIS-IN-THRALL'MENT, n. Liberation from bondage;
emancipation from slavery. E. JSTott.
t DIS-IN^TRI-CATE, v. t. To disentangle. Diet.
DIS-IN-uRE', V. t. [dis and inure.] To deprive of familiar-
ity or custom. Milton.
DIS-IN-VA-LID I-TY, n. Want of validity.
DIS-IN-VlTE', V. t. To recall an invitation. Finett.
DIS-IN-VOLVE', (dis-in-volv') v. t. To uncover ; to unfold
or unroll ; to disentangle. More.
DIS-JE€'TION, n. [L. disjectio.] A casting down.
DIS-JOIN', V. t. [dis and join.] To part ; to disunite ; to
separate ; to sunder.
DIS-.10IN'ED, (dis-joind') pp. Disunited ; separated.
DIS-JOIN'ING, ppr. Disuniting ; severing.
DIS-JOINT', V. t. [dis and joint.] 1. To separate a joint ,
to separate parts united by joints. 2. To put out of joint ;
to force out of its socket ; to dislocate. 3. To separate at
junctures ; to break at the part where things are united
by cement. 4. To break in pieces ; to separate united
parts. 5. To break the ixatural order and relations of -a
thing ; to make incoherent.
DIS-JOINT', V. i. To fall in pieces. Shalt.
DIS-JOINT', a. Disjointed. Shall,
DIS-JOINT'ED, pp. Separated at the joints ; parted limb
from limb ; carved ; put out of joint ; not coherent.
DIS-JOINT'ING, ppr. Separating joints ; disjoining limb
from limb ; breaking at the seams or junctures 5 render-
ing incoherent.
DIS-JOINT'LY, adv. In a divided state. Sandys.
t DIS-JU-DI-€a'TION, 71. [L. dijudicatio.] Judgment ; de-
termination. Boyle.
DIS-JUNCT', a. [L. disjunctus.] Disjoined ; separated.
DIS-JUN€'TION, 71. [L. disjunctio.] The act of disjoining ;
disunion ; separation ; a parting.
DIS-JUN€'TIVE, ffl. 1. Separating; disjoining. 2. Inca-
pable of union. Grew. — 3. In grammar, a disjunctive con-
junction is a word which unites sentences in construction,
"but disjoins the sense ; as, I love him, or I fear him.—
4. In logic, a disjunctive proposition is one in which the
parts are opposed to each other, by means of disjunctives j
as, it is either day or night.
DIS-JUNC'TIVE, n. A word that disjoins.
DIS-JUN€'TIVE-LY, adv. In a disjunctive manner ; sei)-
arately.
DISK, n. [L. discus.] 1. The body and face of the sun,
moon or a planet, as it appears to us on the earth. 2. A
quoit ; a piece of stone, iron or copper, inclining to an
oval figure, which the ancients hurled by the help of a
leathern thong tied round the person's hand, and put
through a hole in the middle.— 3. In botany, the whole sur-
face of a leaf; the central part of a radiate compound flower
DIS-KlND'NESS, n. 1. Want of kindness ; unkindness ,
want of affection. 2. Ill turn ; injury ; detriment.
DIS-LlKE', n. 1. Disapprobation; disinclination; displea-
sure ; aversion ; a moderate degree of hatred. 2. Dis-
cord ; disagreement ; [not in use.] Fairfax.
DIS-LiKE', v.t. 1. To disapprove; to regard with some
aversion or displeasure. 2. To disrelish ; to regard with
some disgust.
DIS-LIK;'ED, (dis-llkd') pp. Disapproved ; disrelished.
t DIS-LTKE'FUL, a. Disliking; disaffected. Spenser.
DIS-LiK'EN, v. t. To make unlike. Shak.
DIS-LlKE'NESS, n. [dis and likeness.] Unlikenesa ; want
of resemblance ; dissimilitude. Locke.
DIS-LIK'ER, n. One who disapproves, or disrelishes.
DIS-LlK'ING, ppr. Disapproving; disrelishing.
DIS-LIMB', (dis-lim') v. t. To tear the limbs from.
t DIS-LIMN', (dis-lim') v. t. To strike out of a picture.
DIS'LO-€ATE, v. t. [dis, and L. locus.] To displace ; to put
out of its proper place ; particularly, to put out of joint ;
to disjoint ; to move a bone from its socket, cavity or
place of articu! ation. -
DIS'LO-GA-TED, pp. Removed from its proper place ; put
out of joint.
DIS'LOeA-TING, ppr. Putting out of its proper place, or
out of joint.
DIS-LO-€a'TION, 71, 1. The act of moving from its proper
place ; particularly, the act of removing or forcing a bone
from its socket ; luxation. 2. The state of being dis-
placed. Burnet. 3. A joint displaced. — 4. In geology,
the displacement of parts of rocks, or portions of strata,
from the situations which they originally occupied.
DIS-LOD6E', (dis-lodj') v. t. [dis and lodge.] 1. To remove
or drive from a lodge or place of rest ; to drive from the
place where a thing naturally rests or inhabits. 2. To
drive from a place of retirement or retreat. S.^To drive
from any place of rest or habitation, or from any station.
To remove an army to other quarters.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tJ, IT, long.— FAR, FALL, WHiJ^T ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD s— f Obsolete
DIS
Ji59
DIS
I)IS-LOD6E', V i. To go from a place of rest.
J)IS-L0D6'ED, (dis-lodjd') pp. Driven from a lodge or place
of rest ; removed from a place of habitation, or from any
station.
lHS-LOD6'ING, ppr. Driving from a lodge, from a place of
rest or retreat, or from any station.
DIS-LOY'ALj a. \dis and loyal.} 1. Not true to allegiance j
false to a sovereign ; faithless. 2. False ; perfidious ;
treacherous. 3. Not true to the marriage-bed. Shak. 4.
False in love ; not constant. Johnson.
J)IS-LOY'AL-LY, adv. In a disloyal manner ; with viola-
tion of faith or duty to a sovereign ; faithlessly ; perfidi-
ously.
DIS-LOY'AL-TY, n. 1. Want of fidelity to a sovereign ;
violation of allegiance, or duty to a prince or sovereign
authority. 2. Want of fidelity in love. Shak.
DIS^MAL^ a. 1. Dark; gloomy. 2. Sorrowrful; dire; hor-
rid ; melancholy ; calamitous ; unfortunate 3. Fright-
ful ; horrible.
DIS MAL-LY, adv<. Gloomily ; hoiTibly ; sorrowfully ; un-
comfortably.
DIS'MAL-NESS, w. Gloominess ; horror.
DIS-MAN'TLE, v. t. [dis and mantle.] I. To deprive of
dress ; to strip ; to divest. 2. To loose ; to throw open.
3. More generally, to deprive or strip of^pparatus, or fur-
niture ; to unrig. 4. To deprive or strip of military fur-
niture. 5. To deprive of outworks or forts. 6. To break
down.
DIS-MAN'TLED, pp. Divested ; stripped of furniture ; un-
rigged.
DIS-MAN'TLING, ppr. Stripping of dress ; depriving of
apparatus or furniture.
DIS-MASK', V. t. [dis and mask.] To strip off a mask ; to
uncover ; to remove that which conceals.
DIS-MASK'ED, (dis-maskf) pp. Divested of a mask; strip-
ped of covering or disguise ; uncovered.
DIS-MASK 'ING, ppr. Stripping of a mask or covering.
DIS-MAST', V. t. [dis and mast.] To deprive of a mast or
masts ; to break and carry away the masts from.
DIS-MAST'ED, pp. Deprived of a mast or masts.
DIS-MAST'ING, ppr. Stripping of masts.
DIS-MAST'MENT, n. The act of dismasting ; the state of
being dismasted. Marshall.
DIS-MaY', v. t. [Sp. desmayar.] To deprive of that strength
or firmness of mind which constitutes courage ; to dis-
courage ; to dishearten ; to sink or depress the spirits or
resolution ; hence, to affright or terrify.
DIS-MaY', n. [Sp. desmayo.] Fall or loss of courage ; a
sinking of the spirits ; depression ; dejection 5 a yielding
to fear ; that loss of fi^rmness which is effected by fear or
terror ; fear impressed ; terror felt.
DIS-MaY'ED, (dis-m5.de') pp. Disheartened ; deprived of
courage.
t DIS-MaY'ED-NESS, n. A state of being dismayed ; de-
jection of courage ; dispiritedness.
DIS-MaY'IKG, ppr. Depriving of courage.
DISME, or DIME, n. [Fr.] A tenth part ; a tithe. JByliffe.
DIS-MEM'BER, v. t. 1. To divide limb from limb ; to sep-
arate a member from the body ; to tear or cut hi pieces ;
to dilacerate ; to mutilate. 2. To separate a part from the
main body ; to divide ; to sever.
DIS-MEM'BERED, pp. Divided member from member;
torn or cut in pieces ; divided by the separation of a part
from the main body.
DIS-MEM'BER-ING, pp)'. Separating a limb or limbs from
the body ; dividing by taking a part or parts from, the
hody.
DIS-MEM'BER-ING, 71. Mutilation. Blackstone.
DIS-MEM'BER-MENT, 71. The act of severing a limb or
limbs from the body ; the act of tearing or cutting in
pieces ; mutilation ; the act of severing a part from the
main body ; division ; separation.
DIS=MET'TLED, a. Destitute of fire or spirit. [JVot much
used.] Llewellyn.
DIS-MISS', v. t. [L. dimissus.] 3. To send away ; properly,
to give leave of departure ; to permit to depart ; implying
authority in a person to retain or keep. 2. To discard ;
to remove from office, service or employment. 3. To
send ; to dispatch. 4. To send or remove from a docket ;
to discontinue.
1 DIS-MISS', n. Discharge ; dismission.
i)IS-MISS'AL, 71. Dismission.
DIS-MISS'ED, (dis-misf) pp. Sent away ; permitted to de-
part ; removed from office or employment.
DIS-MISS'ING, ppr. Sending away ; giving leave to de-
part ; removing from office or service.
DIS-MIS'SION, 71. [L. dimissio.] 1. The act of senduig
away ; leave to depart. 2. Removal from office or em-
ployment ; discharge. 3. An act requiring departure ;
[not usual.] Shak. 4. Removal of a suit in equity.
DlS-MISS'IvE, a. Giving dismission.
DIS-MORT'GA6E, (dis-mor'gaje) v. t. To redeem from
mortgage. Howell.
DIS-MOUNT', V. i. [dis and mount.] 1. To alight from a
horse ; to descend or get off, as a rider from a beast. 2
To descend from an elevation
DIS-MOUNT', V. t. 1. To throw or remove from a horse ;
to unhorse. 2. To throw or bring down from any eleva-
tion. 3. To throw or remove cannon or other artillery
from their carriages ; or 10 break the carriages or wheels,
and render guns useless.
DIS-MOUNT'£D, pp. 1. Thrown from a horse, or from an
elevation ; unhorsed, or removed from horses by order
2. Thrown or removed from carriages.
DIS-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Throwmg from a horse ; unhors-
ing ; removing from an elevation ; throwing or removing
from carriages.
DIS-NAT'U-IIAL-IZE, v. t To make alien ; to deprive of
the privileges of birth.
DIS-Na'TURED, a. Deprived or destitute of natural feel-
ings ; unnatural.
DIS-O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. [dis and obedience.] 1. Neglect or
refusal to obey ; violation of a command or prohibition ,
the omission of that which is commanded\o be done, or
tJie doing of that which is forbid ; breach of duty pre
scribed by authority. 2. Non-compliance.
DIS-O-Be'DI-ENT, u. 1. Neglecting or refusing to obey ;
omitting to do what is commanded, or doing what is pro
hibited ; refractory ; not observant of duty or rules pre
scribed by authority. 2. Not yielding to exciting force or
power.
DIS-O-BBY', v. t. [dis and obey.] To neglect or refuse to
obey ; to omit or refuse to do what is commanded, or to
do vvliat is forbid ; to transgress or violate an order or in
junction.
DIS-0-BEY'ED, (dis-o-bade') pp. Not obeyed ; neglected ;
transgressed.
DIS-0-BEY'ING, ppr. Omitting or refusing to obey ; viola-
ting ; transgressing, as authority or law.
DIS-OB-LI-Ga'TION, n. [dis and obligation.] The act of
disobliging ; an offense ; cause of disgust. Clarendon.
DIS-OB'LI-GA-TO-RY, a. Releasing obligation.
*DIS-0-BLlGE', u.it. [See*OBLi(jE.] 1 . To do an act which
contravenes the will or desires of another; to offend by
an act of unkindness or incivility ; to injure in a slight
degree. 2. To release from obligation ; [not u^ed.] Bp.
Hall.
* DIS-O-BLlG'ED, (dis-o-blijd') pp. Offended ; slightly in
jured.
* DIS-O-BLlGE'MENT, n. The act of disobliging. Milton.
* DIS-O-BLlG'ER, n. One who disobliges.
* DIS-0-BLl6'ING, ppr. 1. Offending ; contravening the
wishes of; injuring slightly. 2. a. Not obliging ; not dis-
posed to gratify the wishes of another; not disposed to
please ; unkind ; offensive ; unpleasing ; unaccommoda-
ting.
* DIS-0-BLl6'ING-LY, adv. In a disobliging manner ; of-
fensively.
* DIS-O-BLIG'ING-NESS, n. Offensiveness ; disposition to
displease, or want of readiness to olease.
t DIS-O-PIN'ION, n. Difference of opinion.
DIS-ORB'ED, (dis-orbd') a. [dis and orb.] Thrown out of
the proper orbit. Shak.
DIS-OR'DER, n. [dis and order.] 1. Want of order or reg-
ular disposition ; irregularity ; immethodical distribution ;
confusion. 2. Tumult; disturbance of the peace of so-
ciety. 3. Neglect of rule ; irregularity. 4. Breach of
laws ; violation of standing rules, or institutions. 5. Ir-
regularity, disturbance or interruption of the functions of
the animal economy ; disease ; distemper ; sickness. 6.
Discomposure of the mind ; turbulence of passions. 7. Ir-
regularity in the functions of the brain ; derangement of
the intellect or reason.
DIS-OR'DER, V. t. 1. To break order; to derange ; to dis-
turb any regular disposition or arrangement of things ; to
put out of meth6d ; to throw into confusion ; to confuse .
2. To disturb or interrupt the natural functions of the aiii-
mal economy; to produce sickness or indispositvin. 3.
To discompose or disturb the mind ; to ruffle. 4 To dis-
turb the regular operations of reason ; to derange. 5. To
depose from holy orders ; [unusual.] Dryden.
DIS-OR'DERED, pp. Put out of order ; deranged; disturb-
ed ; discomposed ; confused ; sick ; indisposed.
DIS-OR'DERED, <i. Disorderly; irregular; vicious; loose;
unrestrained in behavior. Shak,
DIS-OR'DER-ED-NESS, n. A state of disorder or irregu-
larity ; confusion.
DIS-OR'DER-LY, a. 1. Confused; immethodical ; irregu-
lar; being without proper order or disposition. 2. Tu-
multuous; irregular; as the disorderly motions of the
spirits. 3. Lawless ; contrary to law ; violating or dis-
posed to violate law and good order. 4. Inclined to break
loose from restraint ; unruly.
DIS-OR'DER-LY, adv. 1. Without order, rule or method ;
irregularly ; confusedly ; in a disorderly manner 2. In
a manner violating law and good order; in a manner
contrary to rules or established institutions.
DIS-OR'DI-NATE, a. Disorderly ; living irregularly.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, GNITE.— € as K ; 6 aa J ; S as Z j CH as SH 3 TH as in this, t Obsolete
DIS
260
DIS
DIS-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. Inordinately ; irregularly ;
viciously.
DIS-OE-GAN-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of disorganizing ;
the act of destroying organic structure, or connected sys-
tem ; the act of destroying order. 2. The state of being
disorganized.
DIS-OR'GAN-IZE, v. t. To break or destroy organic struc-
ture or connected system ; to dissolve regular system or
union of parts.
DIS-OR'GAN-iZED, pp. Reduced to disorder ; being in a
confused state.
DIS-OE'GAN-IZ-ER, n. One who disorganizes ; one who
destroys or attempts to interrupt regular order or system ;
one who introduces disorder and confusion.
DIS-OR'GAN-IZ-ING, pjp-. 1. Destroying regular and con-
nected system ; throwing into confusion. 2. a. Disposed
or tending to disorganize,
£)IS-o'RI-ENT-A-TED, a. Turned from the east ; turned
from the right direction.
DIS-oWN', V. t. 1. To deny ; hot to own ; to refuse to ac-
knowledge as belonging to one's self. 2. To deny ; not
to allow.
DIS-oWN'ED, (dis-ond') pp. Not owned ; not acknowl-
edged as one's own ; denied ; disallowed.
DIS-oWN'ING, ppr. Not owning ; denying ; disallowing.
DIS-OX'Y-DATE, v. t. To reduce from oxydation ; to re-
duce from the state of an oxyd, by disengaging oxygen
from a substance.
DJS-OX'Y-DA-TED, pp. Reduced from the state of an oxyd.
DIS-OX'Y-DA-TING, ppr. Reducing from the state of an
oxyd.
DIS-OX-Y-D a'TION, n. The act or process of freeing from
oxygen, and reducing from the state of an oxyd. Med.
Repos.
DIS-OX'Y-GEN-ATE, v. t. [dis and oxygenate.] To de-
prive of oxygen.
DIS-OX'Y-GEN-A-TED, pp. Freed from oxygen.
DIS-OX'Y-GEN-A-TING, pp: Freeing from oxygen.
DIS-0X-Y-6EN-A'TI0N, n. The act or process of separa-
ting oxygen from any substance containing it.
+ DIS-PaCE', v. i. To range about. Spensei-,
DIS-PaIR', v. t. [dis and pair.} To separate a pair or
couple. Beaumont.
t DIS-PAND', V. t. [L. dispando.] To display. Diet.
I DIS-PAN'SION, n. The act of spreading or displaying.
DIS-PAR'A-DlSED, a. [dis and paradise.] Removed from
paradise.
DIS-PAR'AGE, v. t. [Norm, desperager.] 1. To many one
to another of inferior condition or rank ; to dishonor by
an unequal match or maiTiage, against the rules of decen-
cy. 2. To match unequally ; to injure or dishonor by
union with something of inferior excellence. 3. To in-
jure or dishonor by a comparison with something of less
value or excellence. 4. To treat with contempt ; to un-
dervalue 5 to lower in rank or estimation ; to vilify ; to
bring reproach on ; to reproach ; to debase by words or
actions ; to dishonor.
DIS-PAR'AGED, pp. Married to one beneath his or her
condition ; unequally matched ; dishonored or injured by
comparison with sometliing inferior ; undervalued ; vili-
fied ; debased ; reproached.
DIS-PAR'AGE-MENT, n. 1. The matching of a man or
woman to one of inferior rank or condition, and against
the rules pf decency. 2. Injury by union or comparison
with something of inferior excellence. Johnson. 3. Dim-
inution of value or excellence 5 reproach ; disgrace ; m-
dignity ; dishonor.
DIS-PAR'A-GER, n. One who disparages or dishonors ;
one who vilifies or disgraces.
DIS-PAR' A-GING, ppr. Marrying one to another of inferior
condition ; dishonoring by an unequal union or compari-
son ; disgracing ; dishonoring.
DIS-PAR' A-GING-LY, ado. In a manner to disparage or
dishonor.
DIS'PA-RATE, a. [L. disparata.] Unequal ; unlike ; dis-
similar. Rohison.
DIS'PA-RATES, n. plu. Things so unequal or unlike, that
they cannot be compared with each other.
DIS-PAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. disparite.] 1. Irregularity ; differ-
ence in degree, in a^e, rank, condition or excellence.
2. Dissimilitude j unlikeness.
DIS-PaRK', v. t. 1. To throw open a park ; to .ay open.
2. To set at large ; to release from confinement.
t DIS-PAR'KLE, v. t. To scatter abroad ; to disperse,
DIS-PART', V. t. \dis and part ; Fr. departb:] To part
asunder ; to divide ; to separate ; to sever ; to burst ; to
rend ; to rive or split. Milton.
DIS-PART', V. i. To separate ; to open ; to cleave.
DIS-PART', n. In gunnery, the thickness of the metal of a
piece of ordnance at the mouth and britch.
DIS-PART', V. t. In gunnery, to set a mark on the muzzle-
ring of a piece of ordnance,.
DIS-PART'ED, pp. Divided ; separated t, parted ; rent
asunder.
DIS-PART'ING, pj)r. Severing ; dividing 5 bursting j cleav-
ing.
DIS-PAS'SION, n. Freedom from passion 5 an undisturbed
state of the mind ; apathy.
DIS-PAS'SION-ATE, a. 1. Free from passion; calm 5
composed ; impartial ; moderate ; temperate ; unmoved
by feelings. 2., Not dictated by passion ; not proceeding
from temper or bias ; impartial.
t DIS-PAS'SION-A-TED, a. Cool ; free from passion.
DIS-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. Without passion ; calmly ;
coolly.
t DIS-PAS'SIONED, a. Free from passion. Do^ine.
DIS-PATCH', v.t. [Fr. depScher.] 1. To send or send
away ; particularly applied to the sending of messengers,
agents and letters on special business, and often implying
haste. 2. To send out of the world ; to put to death.
3. To perform ; to execute speedily 5 to finish.
t DIS-PATCH', V. i. To conclude an affair with another ;
to transact and finish. Shak.
DIS-PATCH', n. 1. Speedy performance; execution or
transaction of business with due diligence. 2. Speed ;
haste ; expedition ; due diligence. 3. Conduct ; manage-
ment; [not used.] Shak. 4. A letter sent or to be sent
with expedition, by a messenger express ; or a letter on
some aftair of state, or of public concern ; or a packet of
letters, sent by some public oflicer, on public business.
DIS-PATCH'ED, (dis-pachf) pp. Sent with haste or by a
courier express ; sent out of the world ; put to death ;
performed : finished,
DIS-PATCH'ER, n. 1, One that dispatches; one that kills-
2. One that sends on a special errand.
DIS-PATCH'FUL, a. Bent on haste ; indicating haste ; in-
tent on speedy execution of business.
DIS-PATCH'ING, ppr. Sendmg away in haste ; putting to
death ; executing ; finishing.
DIS-PAU'PER, V. t. To deprive of the claun of a pauper
to public support ; to reduce back from the state of a pau-
per.
DIS-PEL', V. t. [L. dispello.] To scatter by driving or
force ; to disperse ; to dissipate; to banish.
DIS-PEL'LED, (dis-peld ) pp. Driven away ; scattered;
dissipated.
DIS-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving away ; dispersing ; scatter-
ing.
t DIS-PENCE', n. Expense ; cost ; profusion, denser.
DIS-PEND', V. t. [L. dispendo.j To spend ; to lay out; to
consume. See Expend. Speiiser.
DIS-PEND'ER, n. One that distributes.
DIS-PENS'A-BLE, a. That may be dispensed with.
DIS-PENS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The capability of being dis-
pensed with. Hammond.
DIS-PENS'A-RY, 71. A house, place or store, in which
medicines are dispensed to the poor, and medical advice
given, gratis.
DIS-PEN-Sa'TION, n. [L. dispensatio.] 1. Distribution ;
the act of dealing out to different persons or places. 2.
The dealing of God to his creatures ; the distribution of
good and evU, natural or moral, in the divine govern-
ment. 3. The granting of a license, or the license itself,
to do what is forbidden by laws or canons, or to omit
something which is commanded. 4. That which is dis-
pensed or bestowed ; a system of principles and rites en-
joined.
DIS-PENS'A-TlVE, a. Granting dispensation.
DIS-PENS'A-TiVE-LY, adv. By dispensation. Wotton.
DIS-PEN-Sa'TOR, 71. [L.l One whose employment ia to
deal out or distribute ; a distributor ; a dispenser.
DIS-PENS'A-TO-RY, a. Having power to grant dispensa-
tions.
DIS-PENS'A-TO-RY, n. A book containing the method of
preparing the various kinds of medicines.
DIS-PENSE', (dis-pens') 7;.t. [¥r. dispenser.] 1. To deal or
divide out in parts or portions ; to distribute. The stew-
ard dispenses provisions to every man, according to bis
directions. 2. To administer ; to apply, as laws to par-
ticular cases ; to distribute justice. — 1 . To dispense with, to
permit not to take effect ; to neglect or pass by ; to sus-
pend the operation or application of something. 2. To
excuse from ; to give leave not to do or observe what is
required or commanded. 3. To permit the want of a
thing which is useful or convenient; or, in the vulgar
phrase, to do without.
t DIS-PENSE', 71. 1. Dispensation. Milton. 2. Expense;
profusion. Spenser.
DIS-Pi.NS'ED, (dis-pensf) pp. Distributed ; administered
DIS-PENS'ER, 7?. One who dispenses ; one who distributes ,
one who administers.
DIS-PENS'ING, ppr. 1. Distributing ; administering. 2. a
That may dispense with ; granting dispensation ; that
may grant license to omit what is required by law, or to
do what the law forbids.
DIS-PeO'PLE, v. t. [dis and people.] To depopulate ; to
empty of inhabitants, as by destruction, expulsion or other
means. Milton,
* See Synopsis. A, E, 1, O, U, 'f, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
DIS
261
DIS
DIS-PeO'PLED, pp. Depopulated 5 deprived of inhabit-
ants^
DIS-PeO'PLER, n. One who depopulates ; a depopulator ;
that_vvhich deprives of inhabitants.
DIS-PeO'PLING, ypr. Depopulating.
t DI&-PSR6E', (dis-perj') v. t. [L. dispergo.j To sprinkle.
DIS-PERM'OUS, a. [Gr. 61, 015. and (nrepixar In botany,
two-seeded ; containing two seeds only.
DIS-PERSE', (dis-i>ers') v. t. [L. dis^persus.] 1. To scatter ;
to drive asunder ; to cause to separate into different parts.
2. To diffuse J to spread. 3. To dissipate. 4. To dis-
tribute.
DIS-PERSE', V. i. 1. To be scattered ; to separate ; to go or
move into different parts. 2. To be scattered 5 to vanish ;
as fog or vapors.
DIS-PERS'ED, (dis-persf) pp. Scattered ; driven apart ;
diffused ; dissipated.
DIS-PERS'ED-LY, adv. In a dispersed manner j separately.
Hooker,
DIS-PERS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being dispei-sed or
DIS-PERSE'NESS, n. Thinness ; a scattered state. [Little
used^ Brerewood.
DIS-PERS ER, M. One who disperses. Spectator.
DIS-PERS'ING, ppr. Scattering ; dissipating.
DIS-PER'SION, n. 1. The act of scattering. 2. The state
of being scattered, or separated into remote parts. — 3. By
way of eminence, the scattering or separation of the human
family, at the building cf Babel. — 4. In optics, the diver-
gency of the rays of light, or rather the separation of the
different colored rays, in refraction, arising from their
diffei-ent refrangibilities. — 5. In medicine and surgery, the
removing of inflammation from a part, and restoring it to
its natural state.
DIS-PERS'IVE, a. Tending to scatter or dissipate.
DIS-PIR'IT, V. t. [dis and spirit.] 1. To depress the spirits ;
to deprive of courage ; to discourage ; to dishearten ; to
deject ; to cast dov/n. 2. To exhaust the spirits or vigor
of the body; {not usuo.l.'] Collier.
DIS-PIR''IT-ED, 7)7>. Discouraged ; depressed in spirits ; de-
jected; intimidated.
DIS-PIR'IT-ED-NESS, n. Want of courage ; depression of
- spirits.
DIS-PIR'IT-ING, ppr. Discouraging ; disheartening ; de-
jecting ; intimidating.
t DIS-PIT'E-OUS, a. Having no pity ; cruel ; furious.
Spenser.
tDIS-PIT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Maliciously.
DIS-PLaCE', v. t. [dis and place.] 1. To put out of the
usual or proper place ; to remove from its place. 2. To
remove from any state, condition, office or dignity. 3.
To disorder.
DIS-PLaC'ED, (dis-plasf) pp. Removed from the proper
place ; deranged ; disordered ; removed from an office or
state.
DIS-PLaCE'MENT, n. [Fr. dcplacement.] The act of dis-
placing ; the act of rem.oving from the usual or proper
place, or from a state, condition or office. Asiat. Res.
DIS-PLa CEN-CY, n. [L. displicentia.] Incivility; that
which displeases or disobliges.
DIS-PLaC'ING, ppr. Putting out of the usual or proper
place ; removing from an office, state or condition.
DIS-PLANT ,v.t. 1. To pluck up or to remove a plant. 2.
To drive away or remove from tiie usual place of resi-
dence. 3. To strip of inhabitants.
DIS-PLAN-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The removal of a plant. 2.
The removal of inhabitants or resident people.
DIS-PLANT'ED, pp. 1. Removed from tlie place where it
grew, as a plant. 2. Removed from the place of resi-
dence. 3. Deprived of inhabitants.
DI&-PLANT'ING, ppr. Removing, as a plant.
DIS-PLANT'ING, n. Removal from a fixed place.
DIS-PLAT', V. t. To untwist ; to uncurl. Hakewill.
DIS-PLaY', v. t. [Fr. deployer.] 1. Literally, to unfold ;
hence, to open ; to spread wide ; to expand. 2. To spread
before the view ; to show ; to exhibit to the eyes, or to
the mind ; to make manifest. 3. To carve ; to dissect
and open. 4. To set to view ostentatiously. 5. To dis-
cover ; [obs.] Spenser. 6. To open ; to unlock ; [obs.]
B. Jon^on.
DIS-PLaY', v. i. To talk without restraint ; to make a
great show of words. Skak.
DIS-PLaY', n. 1. An opening or unfolding ; an exhibition
of any thing to the view. 2. Show ; exhibition
DIS-PLaY'ED, (dis-plade') pp. Unfolded ; opened ; spread;
expanded ; exhibited to view ; manifested.
DIS-PLaY'ER, n. He or that which displays.
DIS-PLaY'ING, ppr. Unfolding ; spreading ; exhibiting ;
manifesting.
TDIS'PLE, v. t. To discipline ; to chastise. Spenser.
f DIS-PLeAS'ANCE, n. [Fr. deplaisan^e.] Anger; discon-
tent. Spender.
DIS-PLEAS'ANT, (dig-plez'ant) a. Unpleasing ; offensive ;
unpleasant.
DIS-PLeASE', (dis-pleez') ?». «. [dis and please.] 1. To of-
fend ; to make angry, sometimes in a slight degree. 2.
To disgust ; to excite aversion in. 3, To offend ; to be
disagreeable to.
DIS-PLeASE', v. i. To disgust ; to raise aversion.
DIS-PLeAS'ED, (dis-pleezd') pp. Offended ; disgusted.
DIS-PLeAS'ED-NESB, n. Displeasure ; uneasiness.
DIS-PLeAS'ING, ppr. or a. Offensive to the eye, to the
mind, to the smell, or to the taste; disgusting; dis-
DIS-PLeAS'ING-NESS, 71. Offensiveness ; the quality of
giving some degree of disgust.
DIS-PLEAS'URE, (dis-plezh'ur) 71. 1. Some irritation or
uneasiness of the mind, occasioned by any thing that
counteracts desire or command, or which opposes justice
and a sense of propriety. 2. Offense; cause of irritation.
3. State of disgrace or disfavor.
t DIS-PLEAS'URE, v. t. To displease. Bacon.
tDiS'PLI-CENCE, r?. [l^. displicentia.] Dislike.
DIS-PL6DE', V. t. [L. displodo.] To vent, discharge or
burst with a violent sound. Milton.
DIS-PLoDE', V. i. To burst with a loud report ; to explode
DIS-PLoD'ED, pp. Discharged with a loud report.
DIS-PLoD'ING, ppr. Discharging or bursting with a loud
report^
DIS-PLo'SION, 71. The act of disploding ; a sudden burst-
ing with a loud report ; an explosion.
DIS-PLO'SIVE, a. Noting displosion.
DIS-PLtJME', V. t. To strip or deprive of plumes or feath-
ers ; to strip of badges of honor. Burke.
DlS-PLuM'ED, (dis-Dlumd') Pi?. Stripped of plumes.
DIS-PLuM'ING, p2>v. Depriving of plumes.
DIS-PON'DEE, n. In Oreek and Latin poetry, a double
spondee, consisting of four long syllables.
DIS-PONGE'. Sec Dispunge.
DIS-PoRT', 71. [dis and sport.] Play ; sport ; pastime ; di-
version ; amusement ; merriment. Milton.
DIS-PoRT', V. i. To play ; to wanton ; to move lightly and
without restraint ; to move in gayety.
DIS-PoRT', V. t. To divert or amuse. Shak.
DIS-PoRT'ING, ppr. Playing ; wantoning.
DIS-PoS'A-BLE, a. Subject to disposal ; not previously
engaged or employed ; free to be used or employed.
DIS-PoS'AL, 71. 1. The act of disposing ; a setting or ar
ranging. 2. Regulation, order or arrangement of things,
in the moral government of God; dispensation. 3. Pow-
er of ordering, arranging or distributing ; government ,
management. 4. Power or right of bestowing. 5. The
passing into a new state or into new hands.
DIS-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. disposer.] 1. To set ; to place or dis-
tribute ; to arrange. 2. To regulate ; to adjust ; to set in
right order. 3. To apply to a particular purpose ; to give ;
to place ; to bestow. 4. To set, place or turn to a partic-
ular end -or consequence. 5. To adapt; to form for any
purpose. 6. To set the mind in a particular frame ; to
incline.
To dispose of. — 1. To part with ; to alienate. 2. To part
with to another; to put into another's hand or power; to
bestow. 3. To give away or transfer by authority. 4.
To direct the course of a thing. 5. To place in any con-
dition. 6. To direct what to do or what course to pursue.
7. Tojise or employ. 8. To put away.
t DIS-PoSE', V. i. To bargain ; to make terms. Shak.
i DIS-PoSE', 7i. 1. Disposal; power of disposing; manage-
ment. 2. Dispensation; act of government. 3. Disposi-
tion ; cast of behavior, 4. Disposition ; cast of mind ;
inclination.
DIS-PoS'ED, (dis-p6zd') pp. Set in order; arranged; placed;
adjusted ; applied ; bestowed ; inclined.
DIS-PoS'ER, 71. 1. One who disposes ; a distributor ; a
bestower ; as, a disposer of gifts 2. A director ; a regula-
tor. 3. That which disposes.
DIS-PoSING, ppr. Setting in order; arranging; distribut-
ing ;_ bestowing; regulating; adjusting; governing.
DIS-PoS'ING, n. The act of arranging 3 regulation ; di-
rection.
DIS-PO-Sl"TION, 71. [L. disposUio.] 1. The act of dispos-
ing, or state of being disposed 2. Manner in which
thnigs or the parts of a complex body are placed or ar-
ranged ; order ; method ; distribution ; arrangement. 3.
Natural fitness or tendency. 4. Temper or natural con-
stitution of the mind. 5. Inclination ; propensity ; the
temper or frame of mind, as directed to particular objects
6. Disposal ; alienation ; distribution ; a giving away or
giving over to another.
t DIS-POS'I-TiVE, a. That implies disposal. Ayliffe.
t DIS-POS'I-TIVE-LY, adv. In a dispositive manner ; dis
tributively. Brown.
t DIS-POS'I-TOR, 71, A disposer.— In astrology, the planet
which is lord of the sign where another planet is.
DIS-POS-SESS', V. t. [dis and possess.] To put out of pos-
session, by any means ; to deprive of the actual occu-
pancy of a thing, particularly of land or real estate ; to
■■ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— Byi L, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
DIS
2&i
DIS
DIS-POS-SESS'ED, (dis-poz-zesf) pp. Deprived of posses-
sion or occupancy.
DIS-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Depriving of possession ; disseiz-
ing.
DIS-POS-SES'SION, 7!. The act of putting out of posses-
sion. Hall.
r DIS-PoS'URE, (dis-po'zhur) n. 1. Disposal ; the power of
disposing; management; direction. Sandys. 2. State ;
posture ; disposition.
DiS-PRAlSE', (dis-praze') n. [dis and praise.] 1. Blame;
censure. 2. Reproach; dishonor.
DIS-PRa1»E', v. t. To blame ; to censure ; to mention vi^ith
disappjobation, or some degree of reproach.
DIS-PRaIS'ED, (dis-prazd') pp. Blamed ; censured.
DIS-PRaIS'ER, 11. One who blames or dispraises.
t DIS-PRaIS'I-BLE, a. Unworthy of commendation. Diet.
DIS-PR aI S'ING, ;)nr. Blaming; censuring.
DIS-PRaIS'ING-LY, adv. By way of dispraise ; with blame
or some degree of reproach.
DIS-PREAD', (dis-pred') v. t. To spread in different ways ;
to extend or flow in different directions. Pope.
DIS-PREAD', V. i. To expand or be extended.
DIS-PREAD'ER, «. A publisher; a divulger.
t DIS-PRIV'I-LEGE, V. t. To deprive of a privilege.
DIS-PRiZE', V. t. To undervalue. Cotton.
DIS-PRO-FESS', V. i. To renounce the profession of.
DIS-PROF'IT, 11. Loss ; detriment ; damage.
DIS-PROOF', n. Confutation ; refutation ; a proving to be
false or erroneous.
t DIS-PROFER-TY, v. t. To deprive of property ; to dis-
possess. Shak.
DIS-PRO-PoR'TION,n. 1. Want of proportion of one thing
to another, or between the parts of a thing ; want of sym-
metry. 2. Want of proper quantity, according to rules
prescribed. 3. Want of suitableness or adequacy ; dis-
parity ; inequality ; unsuitableness.
DIS-PRO-PoR'TION, V. t. To make unsuitable in form,
size, length or quantity ; to violate symmetry in ; to mis-
match : to join unfitly.
DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. Disproportional ; not in
proportion ; unsuitable in form, size or quantity to some-
thing else ; inadequate.
DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of proportion
or symmetry ; unsuitableness to something else.
DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLY, adv. With want of propor-
tion or symmetrv ; unsuitably to something else.
DIS-PRO-PoR'TI6N-AL, a. Not having due proportion to
something else ; not having proportion or symmetry, of
parts ; unsuitable in form or quantity ; unequal ; inade-
quate. [This is the word which ought to be used for dis-
pj- op or tio liable.]
DIS-PRO-PoR-TION-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being dis-
proportional.
DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-AL-LY, adv. Unsuitably with respect
to form, quantity or value ; inadequately ; unequally.
DIS-PRO-POR'TION-ATE, a. Not proportioned ; unsym-
metrical ; unsuitable to something else, in bulk, form or
value ; inadequate.
DIS-PRO-POR'TION-ATE-LY, adv. In a disproportionate
degree ; unsuitably ; inadequately.
DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness in
form, bulk or value ; inadequacy.
DIS-PRo'PRI-ATE, v. t. To destroy appropriation ; to with-
draw from an appropriate use.
DIS-PROV'A-BLE, a. Capable of being disproved or re-
futed. Boyle.
DIS-PROVE', V. t. [dis and prove.] 1. To prove to be false
or erroneous ; to confute. 2. To convict of the practice
of error ; [obs.] Hooker. 2. To disallow or disapprove ;
[ohs.] Hooker.
DIS-PRoV'ED, (disproovd') pp. Proved to be false or erro-
neous ; refuted.
DIS-PROV'ER, n. One that disproves or confutes.
DIS-PRCV'IKG, ppr. Proving to be false or erroneous ; con-
futing; refuting.
DIS-PUNGE', v.t. To expunge; to erase; also, to dis-
charge as from a spunge. [Little used.] Shak.
DTS-PUNTSH-A-BLE, a. [dis and punishable.] Without
penal restraint ; not punishable. Swift.
T DIS-PTJRSE', for disburse. Shak.
t DIS-PUR-VEY', v. t. To unprovide.
t DIS-PUR-VEY'ANCE, n. Want of provisions. Spenser.
* DIS'PU-TA-BLE, a. That may be disputed ; liable to be
called in question, controverted or contested ; controvert-
ible ; of doubtful certainty.
tDES-PU-TACI-TY, n. Proneness to dispute.
DIS'PU-TANT, n. One who disputes ; one who argues in
opposition to another ; a controvertist ; a reasoner in op-
position.
DIS'PU-TANT, a. Disputhig; engaged in controversy.
DIS-PU-Ta'TION, n. [L. disputatio.] 1. The act of dis-
puting ; a reasoning or argumentation in opposition to
something, or on opposite sides ; controversy in words ;
verbal contest, respecting the truth of some fact, opinion,
proposition or argument. 2. An exercise in colleges, in
which parties reason in opposition to each other, on some
question proposed.
DIS-PU-Ta'TIOUS, a. Inclined to dispute ; apt to cavil or
controvert.
DIS-Pu'TA-TiVE, a. Disposed to dispute ; inclined to
cavilor to reason in opposition. Watts.
DIS-PuTE', TJ. i. [1j. disputo .] 1. To contend in argument ;
to reason or argue in opposition ; to debate ; to altercate.
2. To strive or contend in opposition to a competitor.
DIS-PuTE', V. t. 1. To attempt to disprove by arguments
or statements ; to attempt to prove to be false, unfounded
or erroneous ; to controvert ; to attempt to overthrow by
reasoning. 2. To strive or contend for, either by words
or actions. 3. To call in question the propriety of; to
oppose by reasoning. 4. To strive to maintain.
DIS-PuTE', n. 1. Strife or contest in words or by argu-
ments ; an attempt to prove and maintain one's own opin-
ions or claims, by arguments or statements, in opposition
to the opinions, arguments or claims of another ; contro-
versy in words. — Dispute is usually applied to verbal
contest ; controversy may be in words or writuig. 2. The
possibility of being controverted.
DIS-PtJT'ED, pp. Contested ; opposed by words or Eirgu-
ments ; litigated.
DIS-POTE'LESS, a. Admitting no dispute ; incontrovert-
ible._
DIS-PuT'ER, n. One who disputes, or who is given to dis-
putes ; a controvertist.
DIS-PtJT'ING, ppr. Contending by words or arguments ;
controverting.
DIS-PuT'ING, 71. The act of contending by words or argu-
ments ; controversy ; altercation.
DIS-aUAL-I-FI-€A'TION, n. 1. The act of disqualifying ;
or tliat which disqualifies ; that which renders unfit, un-
suitable or inadequate. 2. The act of depriving of legEil
power or capacity ; that which renders incapable ; that
which incapacitates in law ; disability. 3. Want of qual-
ification. It is used in this sense, though improperly.
DIS-Q-UAL'I-FlED, pp. Deprived of qualifications ; render-
ed unfit.
DIS-aUAL'I-FY-, v.t. I. To make unfit; to deprive of
natural power, or the qualities or properties necessary for
any purpose. 2. To deprive of legal capacity, power or
right ; to disable.
DIS-aUAL'I-FY-ING, ppr. Rendering unfit ; disabling.
t DIS-aUAN'TI-TY, v. t. To diminish. Shak.
DIS-CiUl'ET, a. [dis awA quiet.] Unquiet; restless; un-
easy. [Seldom used.] Shak.
DIS-Q,Ul'ET, 71. Want of quiet; uneasiness; restlessness;
want of tranquillity in body or mind ; disturbance ; anxi-
ety. Swift.
DIS-dUl'ET, V. t. To disturb ; to deprive of peace, rest or
tranquillity • to make uneasy or restless ; to harass the
bony ;_to fret or vex the mind.
DIS-CiUl'ET-ED, pp. Made uneasy or restless ; disturbed,
harassed.
DIS-aUl'ET-ER, 71. One who disquiets ; he or that which
makes uneasy.
DIS-aUT'ET-FUL, a. Producing inquietude. Barrow.
DIS-ClUl'ET-ING, ppr. 1. Disturbing ; making uneasy ; de-
priving of rest or peace. 2. a. Tending to disturb the
mind.
DIS-Q,Ul'ET-LY, adv. Without quiet or rest; in an un-
easy state ; uneasily; anxiously. [Unusual.]
DIS-4Ui'ET-NESS, n. Uneasiness ; restlessness ; disturb-
ance of peace in body or mind. Hooker.
t DIS-aUl'ET-OUS, a. Causing uneasiness. Milton.
DIS-aUl'E-TUDE, n. Want of peace or tranquillity ; un-
easiness ; disturbance ; agitation ; anxiety.
DIS-aUI-Sl"TION, 71. [L. disquisitio.] A formal or sys-
tematic inquiry into any subject, by arguments, or dis-
cussion of the facts and circumstances that may elucidate
truth. Woodward.
fDIS-RANK', v.t. I. To degrade from rank. 2. To throw
out of rank or into confusion.
DIS-RE-GARD', n. Neglect ; omission of notice ; slight ;
implying indifference or some degree of contempt.
DIS-RE-GARD', v. t. To omit to take notice of; to neglect
to observe ; to slight as unworthy of regard or notice.
DIS-RE-GARD'ED, pp. Neglected ; slighted ; unnoticed.
DIS-RE-GARD'FUL, a. Neglectful ; negligent ; heedless.
DIS-RE-GARD'F]JL-LY, adv. Negligently; heedlessly.
DIS-REL'ISH, 71.' 1. Distaste; dislike of the palate ; some
degree of disgust. 2. Bad taste ; nauseousness. 3. Dis-
taste or dislike, in -a figurative sense.
DIS-REL'ISH, V. t. 1. To dislike the taste of. 2. To make
nauseous or disgusting ; to infect with a bad taste. Milton.
3. To dislike ; to feel some disgust at.
DIS-REL'ISHED, pp. Not relished ; disliked ; made nau
seous.
DIS-REL'ISH-ING, ^r. Disliking the taste of ; experien
cing disgust at ; rendering nauseous.
DIS-RE-MEM'BER, «. t. To forget. [Unauthorized.]
* See Synopsis. A E, I, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
DIS
263
DIS
DIS-REP'LT-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not reputable ; not in esteem ;
not honorable ; low ; mean. 2. Dishonorable ; disgracing
the reputation J tending to impair the good name, and
bring into disesteem.
DIS-REP-U-Ta'TION, n. Loss or want of reputation or
good name ; disrepute j disesteem ; dishonor ; disgrace ;
discredit^
DIS-RE-PuTE', n. Loss or want of repiitation ; disesteem ;
discredit ; dishonor.
DIS-RE-SPE€T', n. 1. Want of respect or reverence ; dis-
esteem. 2. As an act, incivility ; irreverence ; rudeness.
DIS-RE-SPEGT'PIJL, a. 1, Wanting in respect ; irrever-
ent. 2. Manifesting disesteem or want of respect ^ un-
civil.
DIS-RE-SPEeT'FTJL-LY, adv. In a disrespectful manner ;
ineverently j uncivilly,
DIS-RoBE', V. t. 1. To divest of a robe; to divest of gar-
ments ; to undress. 2. To strip of covering ; to divest of
any surrounding appendage.
DIS-RoB'ED, (dis-robd') i'i^. Divested of clothing ; stripped
of covering,
DIS-RoB'ER, n. One that strips of robes or clothing.
DIS-RoB'ING,^pr. Divesting of garments j stripping of any
kind of covering.
DIS-ROOT', V. t. 1. To tear up the roots, or by the roots.
2. To tear from a foundation ; to loosen or undermine.
Ooldsmith.
DIS-ROOT'ED, pp. Torn up by the roots ; undermined.
DIS-ROOT'ING, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; undermin-
ing.
DIS-RUPT,a. [Ij. disruptus.'^ Rent from; torn asunder;
severed by rending or breakmg.
DIS-RUP'TION, n. [L. disruptio.] 1. The act of rending
asunder ; the act of bursting and separating. 2. Breach ;
rent ; dilaceration.
DIS-RUPT'URE, V. t. To rend ; to sever by tearing, break-
ing or bursting.
DIS-RUPT'URED, pp. Rent asunder ; severed by breaking.
DIS-RUPT'UR-ING, ppr. Rending asunder ; seveiing,
DISSAT-IS-FA€'TI0N, n. The state of being dissatisfied ;
discontent ; uneEisiness proceeding from the want of grat-
ification, or from disappointed wishes.
DIS-SAT-IS-FA€'TO-RI-NESS, n. Inability to satisfy or
give content ; a failing to give content.
DIS-SAT-IS-FA€'TO-RY, a. Unable to give content ; giving
discontent; displeasing.
DLS-SAT'IS-FIED, pp. I. Made discontented ; displeased.
2. a. Discontented; not satisfied; not pleased ; offended.
Locke.
DIS-SAT'IS-F-?, V. t. To render discontented ; to dis-
please ; to excite uneasiness by frustrating wishes or ex-
pectations.
DIS-SAT'-IS-FY-ING, ppr. Exciting uneasiness or discon-
tent^
DIS-SeAT', v. t. To remove from a seat. ShaJc.
DIS-SEGT', 2K t. [L. disseco, disscctus.] 1. To cut in pieces ;
to divide an animal body, with a cutting instrument, by
separating the joints. 2, To cut in pieces, as an animal
or vegetable, for the purpose of examining the structure
and use of its several parts ; to anatomize. 3. To divide
into its constituent parts, for the purpose of examination.
Pope.
DIS-SE€T'ED, pp. Cut in pieces ; separated by parting the
joints ; divided into its constituent parts ; opened and ex-
amined.
DIS-SEeT^I-BLE, a. That may be dissected. Paley.
DIS-SE€T'ING, ppr. Cutting in pieces; dividing the
parts ; separating constituent parts for minute examina-
tion.
DIS-SE€'TION, n. [L. dissectio.] 1. The act of cutting in
pieces an animal or vegetable, for the purpose of examin-
ing the structure and uses of its parts ; anatomy. 2. The
act of separating into constituent parts, for the purpose of
critical examination.
DIS-SE€TfOR, n. One who dissects ; an anatomist.
DIS-SeTZE', v. t. [dis and seize ; Fr. dessaisir.] In law, to
dispossess wrongfully ; to deprive of actual seizin or pos-
session ; followed by of.
DIS-SeIZ'ED, (dis-seezd') pp. Put out x»f possesion wrong-
fully or by force ; deprived of actual possession.
DIS-SEI-ZEE', n. A person put out of possession of an
estate unlawfully,
DIS-SeIZ'IN, n. The act of disseizing ; an unlawful dispos-
sessing of a person of his lands, tenements or incorporeal
hereditaments ; a deprivation of actual seizin.
DIS-SeIZ'ING, ppr. Depriving of actual seizin or posses-
sion j putting out of possession,
DIS-SeIZ'OR, n. One who puts another out of possession
wrongfully ; he that dispossesses another,
DIS-SEM'BLANCE, n. Want of resemblance,
DIS-SEM'BLE, v. - [L. dissimulo.] 1, To hide under a
false appearance to conceal ; to disguise ; to pretend that
not to be which really is. 2. To pretend that to be which
is not ; to make a false appearance of.
DIS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To be hypocritical ; to assume a ftilse
appearance ; to conceal the real fact, motives, intention
or sentiments under some pretense.
DIS-SEM'BLED, pp. Concealed under a false appearance ;
disguised.
DIS-SEM'BLER, n. One who dissembles ; a hypocrite ; one
who conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false
appearance,
DIS-SEM'BLING, jw. Hiding under a false appearance j
acting the hypocrite.
DIS-SEM'BLING-LY, adv. With dissimulation ; hypocriti-
cally; falsely. Knolles.
DIS-S£M'I-NATE, v. t. [L. dissemino.] 1. Literally, to
sow ; to scatter seed ; hut seldom or never used in its literal
sense. 2, To scatter for growth and propagation, like
seed ; to spread. 3. To spread ; to diffuse, 4. To spread ;
to disperse.
DIS-SEM'I-NA-TED, pp. 1. Scattered, as seed ; propaga-
ted ; spread. — 2. In mineralogy, occurring in portions
less than a hazel-nut ; being scattered.
DI3-SEM'I-NA-TING, j>2jr. Scattering and propagating;
spreading.
DISrSEM-1-NA'TION, n. The act of scattering and propa-
gating, like seed ; the act of spreading for growth and per-
manence.
DIS-SEM-I-Na'TOR, 71. One who disseminates; one who
spreads and' propagates.
DIS-SEN'SION, n. [L. dissensio.] Disagreement in opinion,
usually a disagreement which is violent, producing warm
debates or angry words; contention in words; strife;
discord ; quarrel ; breach of friendship and union,
DIS-SEN'SIOUS, a. Disposed to discord ; quarrelsome ; con-
tentious ; factious. [Little used.] Shak.
DIS-SENT', «. i. [Ij. dlssensio.] 1. To disagree in opinion ;
to differ ; to think in a different or contrary manner. 2.
To differ from an established church, in regard to doc-
trines, rites or government. 3. To differ ; to be of a con-
trary nature. Hooker.
DIS-SENT', 71. 1. Difference of opinion ; disagreement.
2. Declaration of disagreement in opinion. 3. Contrarie-
ty of nature, opposite quality ; [obs.] Bacon.
DIS-SENT-A'NE-OUS, a. Disagreeable ; contrary,
f DIS'SENT-A-NY, a. Dissentaneous ; inconsistent.
DIS-SENT'ER, n. I. One who dissents ; one Who differs
in opinion, or one who declares his disagreement. 2. One
Who separates from the service and worship of any estab-
lished church. The word is in England particularly ap-
plied to those who separate from, or who do not unite
with, the church of England.
DIS-SEN'TIENT, a. Disagreeing ; declaring dissent.
DIS-SEN'TIENT, n. One who disagrees, and declares his
dissent.
DIS-SENT'ING , ppr. Disagreeing in opinion; separating
from the communion of an established church. It is used
as an adjective.
DIS-SEN'TlOUS, a. Disposed to disagreement or discord.
DIS-SEP'I-MENT, n. [L. disscpimentum.] In botany, a
partition in dry seed-vessels, as in capsules and pods,
which separates the fruit into cells.
DIS-SERT', V. i. [L. dissero, diserto.] To discourse or dis-
pute. [Little in use.]
DIS-SER-Ta'TION, 71. [L. dissertatio.] I. A discourse, or
rather a formal discourse, intended to illustrate a subject,
2. A written essay, treatise or disquisition,
DIS'SER-TA-TOR, n. One who writes a dissertation ; one
who debates. Boyle.
DIS-SERVE', v. t. [dis and serve.] To injure ; to hurt ; to
harm ; to do injury or mischief to.
DIS-SERV'ED, (dis-servd') pp. Injured.
DIS-SERV'iCE, n. Injury ; harm ; mischief.
DIS-SERV'iCE-A-BLE, a. Injurious ; hurtful.
DIS-SERV'ICE-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in
jurious ; tendency to harm. JVorris.
DIS-SERV'iCE-A-BLY, ado. So as to be injurious Hack-
ett
t DIS-SET'TLE v. U To unsettle More.
DIS-SEV'ER, v. t. To dispart ; to part in two ; to divide
asunder ; to separate ; to disunite, either by violence or
not.
DIS-SEV'ER-ANCE, n. The act of dissevering ; separation ,
DIS-SEV'ERED, pp. Disparted ; disjoinea , separated.
DIS-SEVER-ING, ppr. Dividing asunder ; separating ; tear-
ing or cutting asunder.
DIS-SEVER-ING, n. The act of separating ; separation.
DIS'SI-DENCE, n. Discord.
DIS'SI-DENT, a. [L, dissideo.} Not agreeing.
DIS'SI-DENT, n. A dissenter ; one who separates from the
established religion.
DIS-SIL'I-ENCE, 71. [L. dissilio.] The act of leaping or
starting asunder.
DIS-SIL'I-ENT, a. Starting asunder ; bursting and opening
with an elastic force, as the dry pod or capsule cf a plant
DIS-SI-LI"TION, 71, The act of bursting open ; the act of
starting or springing different ways.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
DIS
264
DIS
DIS-SIM I-LAR, a. Unlike, either iii nature, properties or
external form ; not similar ; not having the resemblance
of; heterogeneous.
DIS-SIM-I-L.^R I-TY, n. Unlikeness; want of resem-
blance ; dissimilitude.
DIS-SIM'I-LE, n. Comparison or illustration by contraries.
[Little XLScd.S
DlS-SI-ML'i-TUDE, n. [L. dissimilitudo.] Unlikeness ;
want of resemblance.
DIS-SIM-U-La'TION, n. [L. dissimulatio.] The act of dis-
sembling ; a hiding under a false appearance ; a feigning ;
false pretension ; hypocrisy.
t-DIS-SIM'ULE, w, t. To dissemble. Elyut.
DIS'SI-PA-BLE, a. Liable to be dissipated ; that may be
scattered or dispersed. Bacon.
DIS'SI-PATE, V. t. [L. dissipatus.] 1. To scatter; to dis-
perse ; to drive asunder. 2. To expend; to squander;
to scatter property in wasteful extravagance; to waste;
to consume. 3. To scatter the attention,
DIS'SI-PATE, V. i. To scatter; to disperse ; to separate in-
to parts and disappear ; to waste away ; to vanish.
DIS'SI-PA-TED, pp. 1. Scattered; dispersed; wasted;
consumed; squandered. 2. a. Loose; irregular; given
to extravagance in the expenditure of property ; devoted
to pleasure and vice.
DIS'SI-PA-TING, ppr. Scattering ; dispersing ; wasting ;
consuming; squandering; vanishing.
DIS-SI-Pa'TION, n. 1. Tiie act of scattering; dispersion;
, the state of being dispersed. — 2. In physics, the insensible
loss or waste of the minute pajts of a body, which fly off,
by which means the body is diminished or consumed. 3,
Scattered attention, or that which diverts and calls off the
mind from any subject. 4. A dissolute, irregular course
of life ; a wandering from object to object in pursuit of
pleasure.
tDIS-SO-CI-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Want of sociability.
DIS-So'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not well associated, united or as-
sorted. 2. Incongruous; not reconcilable with. Spec-
tator.
DIS-So'CIAL, a. [dis and social.] Unfriendly to society;
contracted; selfish. Karnes.
DIS-So'-CIATE, V. t. [L. dissociatus.l To separate ; to dis-
unite ; to pait. Boyle.
DIS-So'CIA-TED, pp. Separated ; disunited.
DIS-So'CIA-TING, ppr. Separating ; disuniting.
DIS-SO-CI-A'TION, 71. The act of disuniting ; a state of
separation; disunion. Burke.
DIS-SOL-U-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being dissolved by
heat or moisture, and converted into a fluid.
DIS'SO-LU-BLE, a. [L. dlssoluUlis.'] 1. Capable of being
dissolved ; that may be melted ; having its parts separa-
ble by heat or moisture ; convertible into a fluid. TVood-
ward. 2. That may be disunited.
DIS'SO-LUTE, a. [L. dissolutus.'] 1. Loose in behavior
and morals ; given to vice and dissipation ; wanton ;
lewd ; luxm-ious ; debauched ; not under the restraints of
law. 2. Vicious ; wanton ; devoted to pleasure and dis-
sipation.
DIS'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. Loosely; wantonly ; in dissipa-
tion or debauchery ; without restraint.
DIS'SO-LUTE-NESS. n. Looseness of manners and mor-
als ; vicious indulgences in pleasure, as in intemperance
and debauchery ; dissipation.
OlS-SO-Lu'TION, n. [L. dissolutio.] 1. The act of lique-
fying or changing from a solid to a fluid state by heat ; a
melting ; a thawing. 2. The reduction of a body into its
smallest parts, or into very minute parts, by a dissolvent
or menstruum. 3. The separation of the parts of a body
by putrefaction, or the analysis of the natural structure of
mixed bodies, as of animal or vegetable substances ; de-
composition. 4. The substance formed by dissolving a
body in a menstruum. Bacon. 5. Death ; the separation
ofthe soul and body. Milton. 6. Destruction; the sepa-
ration of the parts which compose a connected system or
body. 7. The breaking up of an assembly, or the putting
an end to its existence. 8. Looseness of "manners ; dissi-
pation. — 9. Dissolution ofthe blood, in medicine, that state
ofthe blood in which it "does not readily coagulate, on its
cooling, out ofthe body, as in malignant fevers.
DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. That may be dissolved ; capable of
being melted ; that may be converted into a fluid.
DIS-SOLVE', (diz-zolV) v. t. [L. dissolve] 1. To melt ;
to liquefy ; to convert rrom a solid or fixed state to a fluid
state by "means of heat or moisture. 2. To disunite ; to
break; to separate. 3. To loose; to disunite. 4. To
loose the ties or bonds of any thing ; to destroy any con-
nected system. 5. To loose ; to break. 6. To break up ;
to cause to separate ; to put an end to. 7. To clear ; to
solve ; to remove ; to dissipate, or to explain. 8. To
break ; to destroy. 9. To loosen or relax ; to make lan-
guid. 10. To waste away ; to consume ; to cause to van-
ish or perish. 11. To annul ; to rescind.
DIS-SOLVE', V. i. 1. To be melted ; to be converted from
a solid to a fluid state. 2. To sink away ; to lose strength
and firmness. 3. To melt away in pleasure ; to become
soft or languid. 4. To fall asunder ; to crumble ; to be
broken. 5. To waste away ; to perish ; to be decom-
posed. 6. To come to an end by a separation of parts.
DIS-SOLV'ED, (diz-zolvd') pp. Melted ; liquefied ; disu
nited ; parted ; loosed ; relaxed ; wasted away ; ended.-
Dissolved blood is that which does not readily coagulate.
DIS-SOLV'ENT, a. Having power to melt or dissolve,
DJS-SOLV'ENT, n. 1. Any thing which has the power or
quality of melting, or converting a solid substance into
a fluid, or of separating the parts of a fixed body so that
tliey mix with a liquid. — 2. In medicine, a remedy suppos-
ed capable of dissolving concretions iii the body, such as
calculi, tubercles, &c.
DIS-SOLV'ER, n. That which dissolves, or has the power
of dissolving.
DIS-SOLV'I-SLE, a. Liable to perish by dissolution.
DIS-SOLV'ING, p2)r. Melting ; making or becoming li-
quid.
DIS'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr. dissonance.] 1. Discord ; a mix-
ture or union of harsh, unharmonious sounds, which are
grating or unpleasing to the ear. 2. Disagreement.
DIS'SO-NANT, a. 1. Discordant ; harsh ; jarring ; unhar-
monious ; unpleasant to the ear. 2. Disagreeing ; incon-
gruous_.
DIS-SUaDE', (dis-swade') v. t. [L. dissuadeo.] 1. To ad-
vise or exhort against ; to attempt to draw or divert from
a measure, by reason or offering motives to. 2. To repre-
sent as^ unfit, improper or dangerous.
DIS-SUaD'ED, ^7/7. Advised against ; counseled or induced
by advice not to do something ; diverted from a purpose.
DIS-SUaD'ER, 71. He that dissuades ; a dehorter.
DIS-SUaD'ING, ppr. Exhorting against; attempting, by
advice, to divert from a purpose.
DIS-SUa'SION, (dis-swa'zhun) n. Advice or exhortation
in opposition to something ; dehortation.
DIS-SUa'SIVE, a. Tending to dissuade, or divert from a
measure or purpose ; dehortatory.
DIS-SU-a'SIVE, 71. Reason, argiunent or counsel, employ-
ed to deter one from a measure or purpose ; that which is
used or which tends to divert the mind from any purpose
or pursuit.
DIS-SUN'DER, V. t. To separate ; to rend. Chapman.
t DIS-SWEET'EN, v. t. To deprive of sweetness.
DIS-SYL-LAB'I€, a. Consisting of two syllables only.
*DIS-SYL'LA-BLE, 71. [Gr. <5to-ayXXa/3of.] A word con-
sisting of two syllables only.
DIS'TAFF, n. [Sax. distrnf.] 1. The staff of a spinning-
wheel, to which a bunch of flax is tied, and from which
the thread is dra^n. — 2. Figuratively, a woman, or the
female sex. Dryden.
DIS'TAFF-THIS'TLE, n. A species of thistle.
DIS-TaIN', 7). t. [Fr. deteindre.] 1. Tostain; totingewith
any different color from the natural or proper one ; to dis-
color. 2. To blot ; to sully ; to defile ; to tarnish.
DIS-TaIN'ED, (dis-tandi)pp. Stained ; tmged ; discolored ;
blotted ; sullied.
DIS-TaIN'ING, ppr. Staining ; discoloring ; blotting ; tar-
nishing.
DIS'TANCE, 77. [Fr. distance.] 1. An interval or space
between two objects. 2. Preceded by at, remoteness of
place. 3. Preceded by thy, his, your, her, their, a suita-
ble space, or such remoteness as is common or becoming ;
as, let him keep his distance. 4. A space marked on the
course where horses run. 5. Space of time ; any indefi-
nite length of time, past or future, intervening between
two periods or events. 6. Ideal space or separation. 7.
Contrariety ; opposition. 8. The remoteness which re-
spect requires ; hence, respect. 9. Reserve ; coldness ;
alienation of heart. 10. Remoteness in succession or re-
lation. — 11. In music, the interval between two notes.
DIS'TANCE, V. t. 1. To place remote ; to throw off from
the view. 2. To leave behind in a race ; to win the race
by a great superiority. 3. To leave at a great distance
behind.
DIS'TANCED, pp. Left far behind ; cast out ofthe race.
DIS'TANT, a. [L. distans.] 1. Separate ; having an in-
tervening space of any indefinite extent. 2. Remote in
place. 3, Remote in time, past or future. 4. Remote in
the line of succession or descent, indefinitely. 5. Re-
mote in natural connection or consanguinity. 6. Remote
in nature ; not allied ; not agreeing with or in conformity
to. 7. Remote in view ; slight ; faint ; not vei7 likely
to be realized. 8. Remote in connection ; slight ; faint ;
indirect; not easily seen or understood. 9. Reserved;
shy ; implying haughtiness, coldness of affection, indif-
ference, or disrespect.
DIS'TANT-LY, adv. Remotely ; at a distance ; with re-
serve.
DIS-TaSTE', n. 1. Aversion of the taste ; dislike of food
or drink ; disrelish ; disgust, or a slight degree of it. 2.
Dislike ; uneasiness. 3. Dislike ; displeasure ; aliena-
tion of affection.
DIS-TaSTE', v. t. 1. To disrelish ; to dislike ; to lothe
* See Synopsis, a, E, I, 0, U, Y, lon>r.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, fiLVRiNE, BIRD ,— f Obsolete.
DIS
265
DIS
2. To offend ; to disgust ; [l.u.] 3. To vex j to displease 5
to sour; [I. u.]
DIS-TaST'ED, p;7. Disrelished; disliked; offended.
DIS-TaSTE'FUL, a. 1. Nauseous ; unpleasant or disgust-
ing to tlie taste. 2. Offensive ; displeasing. 3. Malevo-
lent,
DIS-TaSTE'FUL-NESS, n. Disagreeableness ; dislike.
DIS-TaST'ING, ppr. Disrelishing ; disliking ; offending ;
displeasing.
DIS-TaST'IVE,7i. That which gives disrelish or aversion.
IVhitlock.
DIS-TEMTER, n. 1. Literally, an undue or unnatural
temper, or disproportionate mixture of parts. 2. Disease ;
malady ; indisposition ; any morbid state of an animal
body, or of any part of it. 3. Want of due temperature,
applied to climate ; \iiot used,'] Raleigh. 4. Bad constitu-
tion of the mind ; undue predominance of a passion or
appetite. 5. Want of due balance of parts or opposite
qualities and principles ; {not used.] Bacon. 6. Ill-hu-
mor of mind ; depravity of inclination ; \iiot used.] 7.
Political disorder ; tumalt. Waller. 8. Uneasiness ; ill-
humor or bad temper. — 9. In painting, the mixing of col-
ors with something besides oil and water.
DIS-TEM'PER, v.t. 1. To disease; to disorder; to de-
range the functions of the body or mind. 2. To disturb ;
to ruffle. 3. To deprive of temper or moderation. 4. To
make disaffected, ill-humored or malignant. ShaJc.
riS-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. Distemperature.
DIS-TEM'PER-ATE, a. Immoderate. [Little used.]
DIS-'J'EM'PER-A-TURE, n. 1. Bad temperature ; intem-
perateness ; excess of heat or cold, or of other qualities ;
a noxio'js state. 2, Violent tumultuousness ; outrageous-
ness. 3. Perturbation of mind. 4. Confusion; commix-
ture of contrarieties; loss of regularity; disorder. 5.
Slight illness ; indisposition.
DIS-TEM'PERED, pp. or a. 1. Diseased in body, or disor-
dered in mind. 2. Disturbed; ruffled. 3. Deprived of
temper or moderation ; immoderate, 4. Disordered ; bi-
ased ; prejudiced ; perverted. 5. Disaffected ; made ma-
levolent.
DIS-TEM'PER-ING,^r. Affecting with disease or disor-
der; disturbing; depriving of moderation.
DIS-TEND', t?. t, [li. distendo.] 1. To stretch or spread in
all duections ; to dilate ; to enlarge ; to expand ; to swell.
2. To spread apart ; to divaricate.
DIS-TEND'ED, pp. Spread ; expanded ; dilated by an in-
closed substance or force.
DIS-TEND'ING, ppr. Stretching in all directions ; dilating;
expanding.
DIS-TEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or capacity of being
distensible.
DIS-TEN'SI-BLE, a. Capable of being distended or dilated.
DIS-TEN'SION. See Distention.
t DIS-TENT', a. Spread. Spenser.
fDIS-TENT', n. Bre-idth. TVotto7i.
DIS-TEN'TION, n. [x^ distentio.] 1. The act of distend-
ing ; the act of stretcliing in breadth or in all directions ;
the state of being distended. 2. Breadth ; extent or space
occupied by the thing distended. 3. An opening, spread-
ing or divarication.
t DIS-TER', V. t. [L. dis and terra.] To banish from a coun-
try.
t DIS-TERM'I-NATE, a. [L. disterminatus.] Separated by
bounds. Hale.
tDIS-TERM-I-NA'TION, 7!. Separation. Hammond.
DIS'THENE, n. [Gr. Sis and aOevos.] A mineral.
t DIS-THRoNE', v. t. To dethrone.
t DIS-THRoN'iZE, ??. t. To dethrone. Spenser.
DIS'TICH, n. [L. disticJion.] A couplet ; a couple of verses
or poetic lines, making complete sense ; an epigram of
two verses.
DIS'TI€H-OUS, ) a. Having two rows, or disposed in two
DIS'TICH, S rows. Lee.
DIS-TILL', V. i. [L. distillo.] 1. To drop ; to fall in drops.
2. To flow gently, or in a small stream. 3. To use a
still; to practice distillation.
DIS-TILL', V. t. 1. To let fall in drops ; to throw down in
drops. 2. To extract by heat ; to separate spirit or es-
sential oils from liquor by heat or evaporation. 3, To ex-
tract spirit from, by evaporation and condensation, 4.
To extract the pure part of a fluid. 5. To dissolve or
melt.
DIS-TILL' A-BLE, a. That may be distilled ; fit for distill-
ation.
DIS-TILL-A'TION, n. 1. The act of falling in drops, or
the act of pouring or throwing down in drops. 2, The
operation of extracting spirit from a substance by evapo-
ration and condensation ; rectification. 3. The substance
extracted by distilling. 4. That which falls in drops,
DIS-TILL'A TO-RY, a. Belonging to distillation ; used for
distilling,
DIS-TILL'ED, pp. Let fall or thrown down in drops ; sub-
jected to the process of distillation ; extracted by evapo-
ration.
DIS-TILL'ER, n. One who distills; one whose occupa-
tion is to extract spirit by evaporation and condensation.
DIS-TILL'E-RY, n. I. The act or art of distilling. 2.
The building and works where distilling is carried on.
DIS-TILL'ING, ppr. Dropping; letting fall in drops; ex
tracting by distillation.
DIS-TILL'MENT, n. That which is drawn by distillation.
DIS-TINCT', a. [L. distinctus.] 1. Literally, having the
difference marked ; separated by a visible sign, or by a
note or mark. 2. Different ; separate ; not the same in
number or kind. 3, Separate in place ; not conjunct. 4.
So separated as not to be confounded with any othei'
thing; clear; not confused. 5. Spotted; variegated.
DIS-TINCT', V. t. To distinguish. UsTot in 'use.] Chaucer.
DIS-TINC'TION, n. [L. distinctio.] I, The act of sepa-
rating or distinguishing. 2. A note or mark of difference.
3. Difference made ; a separation or disagreement in kind
or qualities, by which one thing is known from another.
4. Difference regarded ; separation ; preference. 5. Sep-
aration ; division. 6. Notation of difference ; discrimma-
tion. 7. Eminence ; superiority ; elevation of rank in
society, or elevation of character ; honorable estimation.
8. That which confers eminence or superiority ; office,
rank or public favor. 9. Discernment ; judgment.
DIS-TIN€T'IVE, a. 1. That marks distinction or differ-
ence, 2. Having the power to distinguish and discern ;
[less proper.] Brown.
DIS-TINCT'IVE-LY, adv. With distinction ; plainly.
DIS-TINCT'LY, adv. 1. Separately; with distmctness;
not confusedly ; without the blending of one part or thing
with another. 2. Clearly ; plainly,
DIS-TINCT'NESS, 71, 1, The quality or state of being dis-
tinct ; a separation or difference that prevents confusion
of parts or things, 2, Nice discrimination ; whence,
clearness ; precision,
DIS-TIN'GUISH, V. t. [L, distinguo.] I. To ascertain and
" indicate difference by some external mark. 2. To sepa-
rate one thing from another by somo mark or quality ; to
know or ascertain difference. 3. To separate or divide
by any mark or quality which constitutes difference, 4,
To discern critically ; to judge. 5. To separate from oth-
ers by some mark of honor or preference. 6. To make
eminent or known.
DIS-TIN'GUISH, V. i. To make a distinction ; to find or
show the difference,
DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. 1, Capable of being distin-
guished ; that may be separated, known or made known.
2, Worthy of note or special regard,
DIS-TIN'GUISHED,pp, 1, Separated or known by a mark
of difference, or by different qualities. 2. a. Separated
from others by superior or extraordinary qualities ; whence,
eminent ; extraordinary ; transcendent ; noted ; famous ;
celebrated.
DIS-TIN'GUISH-ER,w. 1. He or that which distinguishes,
or that separates one thing from another by marks of di-
versity. 2 One who discerns accurately the difference
of things ; a nice or judicious observer.
DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. 1. Separating from others by a
note of diversity ; ascertaining difference by a mark. 2
Ascertaining, knowing or perceiving a differeiice, 3. a.
Constituting difference, or distinction from every thing
else ; peculiar.
DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING-LY, adv. With distinction; with
some mark of preference. Pope.
PIS-TIN'GUISH-MENT, 71. Distinction; observation of
difference. Oraunt.
DIS-Tl'TLE, V. t. To deprive of right. B. Jonson.
DIS-TORT', V. t. [L. distortus.] 1. To twist out of natu-
ral or regular shape. 2. To force or put out of the true
posture or direction. 3. To wrest from the true mean-
ing; to pervert.
DIS-TORT', a. Distorted. Spenser.
DIS-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted out of natural or regular
sliape ; wrested ; perverted.
DIS-TORT'ING, ppr. Twisting out of shape ; wresting ;
perverting.
DIS-TOR'TION, 71. [h. distortio.] 1. The act of distorting
or wresting ; a twisting out of regular shape ; a twisting
or writhing motion. 2. The state of being twisted out of
shape ; deviation from natural shape or position ; crook-
edness ; grimace. 3. A perversion of the true meaning
of words.
DIS-TRA€T', V. t. [L. distractus. The old participle dis-
traught is obsolete.] 1. Literally, to draw apart ; to pull
in different directions, and separate. Hence, to divide ,
to separate ; to throw into confusion. 2. I'o turn or draw
from any object; to divert from any point, towards an-
other point, or toward various other objects. 3. To draw
towards different objects ; to fill with different considera-
tions ; to perplex ; Co confound ; to harass. 4. To disor-
der the reason ; to derange the regular operations of in-
tellect ; to render raving or furious.
tDIS-TRACT', a. Mad.
DIS-TRA€T'ED, pp. 1. Drawn apart ; drawn in different
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE :— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
DIS
DIS
directions ; d-iverted firom its object ; perplexed ; harass-
ed; confounded. 2. a. Deranged j disordered in intel-
lect ; raving ; furious ; mad ; frantic. Locke.
DIS-TRAeT'£D-LY, adv. Madly ; furiously ; wildly. Shak.
DIS-TEA€T'ED-NESS, n. A state of being mad j mad-
ness.
DIS-TRA€T'EE, n. One who distracts. More.
I)IS-TRA€T'ING, ppr. Drawing apart ; separating 5 di-
verting from an object ; perplexing ; harassing ; disorder-
ing the intellect.
DIS-TRA€'TION, n. [L. distractio.] 1. The act of dis-
tracting; a drawing apart; separation. 2. Confusion
from a multiplicity of objects crowding on the mind and
calling the attention different ways ; perturbation of
mind ; perplexity. 3. Confusion of affau-s ; tumult ; dis-
order. 4. Madness ; a state of disordered reason ; fran-
ticness ; furiousness. 5. Folly in the extreme, or amount-
ing to insanity.
DIS~TRA€T'IVE, a. Causing perplexity. Dryden.
DIS-TRaIN', v. t. [L. distringo.] 1. To seize for debt ; to
take a personal chattel from tlie possession of a wrong-
doer into tiie possession of the injured party, to satisfy a
demand or compel the performance of a duty. 2. To
rend ; to tear ; \obs.']
DIS-TRaIN', v. I. To make seizure of goods.
DIS-TRaIN'A-BLE, a. That is liable to be taken for dis-
tress.
DIS-TRaIN'ED, (dis-trand') pp. Seized for debt, or to com-
pel the performance of duty.
DIS-TRaIN'ING, ppr. Seizing for debt, or for neglect of
suit and service.
DIS-TRaIN'OR, n. He who seizes goods for debt or ser-
vice.
t DIS-TRaINT', n. Seizure. Diet.
t DIS-TRAUGHT'. See Distract.
DIS-TReAM', v. i. So spread or flow over.
DIS-TRESS-', n. [Fr. dotresse.] 1. The act of distraining ;
the taking of any personal chattel from a wrong-doer, to
answer a demand, or procure satisfaction for a wrong
committed. 2. The thing taken by distraining ; that
which is seized" to procure satisfaction. 3. Extreme pain ;
anguish of body or mind. 4, Affliction ; calamity ; mis-
ery. 5. A state of danger.
DIS-TRESS', V. t. 1. To pain ; to afflict with pain or an-
guish. 2. To afilict greatly; to harass ; to oppress with
calamity ; to make miserable. 3. To compel by pain or
suffering.
DIS-TRESS'ED, (dis-tresf) pp. Suffering great pain or tor-
ture ; severely afflicted ; harassed ; oppressed with ca-
lamity or misfortune.
DIS-TRESS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being greatly pained,
DIS-TRESS'FUL, a. 1. Inflicting or bringing distress. 2.
Indicating distress ; proceeding from pain or anguish. 3.
Calamitous. 4. Attended with poverty.
DIS-TRESS'ING, ppr. 1, Giving severe pain ; oppressing
with affliction. 2. a. Very afflicting ; affecting with se-
vere pain.
DIS-TRIB'CJ-TA-BLE, c. That may be distributed ; that
may be assigned in portions. Ramsay.
DIS-TRIB'UTE, v. t. [L. distribm.] I. To divide among
two or more ; to deal ; to give or bestow in parts or por-
tions. 2. To dispense ; to administer. 3. To divide or
separate, as into classes, orders, kinds or species. 4. To
give in charity. — 5. In pnnting, to separate types, and
place them in their proper cells in the cases.
DIS-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Divided among a number ; dealt
out ; assigned in portions ; separated ; bestowed.
DIS-TRIB'U-TER, n. One who divides or deals out in
parts ; one who bestows in portions ; a dispenser.
DIS-TRTB'U-TING, ppr. Dividing among a number ; deal-
ing out ; dispensing.
DIS-TRI-BU'TION, n. [L. distributic] 1. The act of di-
viding among a number ; a dealing in parts or portions.
2. The act of giving in charity ,"»a bestowing in parts. 3.
Dispensation ; administration to numbers ; a rendering to
individuals. 4. The act of separating into distinct parts
or classes. — 5. In architecture, the dividing and disposing
of the several parts of the building, according to some
plan, or to the rules of the art. — 6. In rhetoric, a division
and enumeration of the several qualities of a subject. — 7.
In general, the division and disposition of the parts of
any thing.— 8. In printing, the taking a form apart ; the
separating of the types, and placing each letter in its
proper cell in the cases.
DIS-TRIB'Q-TlVE, a. 1. That distributes; that divides
and assigns in portions ; that deals to each his proper
share. 2. That assigns the various species of a general
term. 3. That separates or divides.
DIS-TRIB'U-TlVE, n. In grammar, a word that divides
or distributes.
DIS-TRTB'U-TIVE-LY, adv. By distribution ; singly ; not
collectively.
DFS-TRIB'U-TiVE-NESS, n. Desire of distributing. Fell.
DIS'TRICT, n. [li. distnctus.] 1. Properly, a limited ex-
tent of country ; a circuit within which power, right o?
authority may be exercised, and to which it is restrained.
2. A region ; a territory within given lines. 3. A region ;
a country ; a portion of territory without very definite
limits.
DIS'TSICT, V. t. To divide into districts or Ihnited por-
tions of territory. JSTe-w Englaiid.
DIS'TRI€T-€oURT, n. A court which has cognizance of
certain causes within a district defined by law.
DIS'TRICT-JUDGE, m. The judge of a district-court. U.
States.
DIS'TRI€T-S€HOOL, n. A school within a certain dis-
trict of a town. J^ew England.
DIS'TRI€T-ED, pp. Divided into districts or definite por-
tions.
DIS'TRI€T-ING, ppr Dividing into limited or definite
portions.
DIS-TRI€'TION, n. Sudden display. [Unusual.']
DIS-TRIN'GAS, n. In law, a writ commanding the sheriff
to distrain a person for debt, or for his appearance at a
certain day.
DIS-TRUST', V. t. 1. To doubt or suspect the truth, fi-
delity, firmness or sincerity of ; not to confide in or rely
on. 2. To doubt ; to suspect not to be real, true, sincere
or firm.
DIS-TRUST', n. 1. Doubt or suspicion of reality or sincer-
ity ; want of confidence, faith or reliance. 2. Discredit ;
loss of confidence.
DIS-TRUST'ED, ^. Doubted; suspected.
DIS-TRUST'FIJL, a. 1. Apt to distrust; suspicious. 2.
Not confident ; diffident. 3. Diffident ; modest.
DIS-TRUST'FUL-LY, adv. In a distrustful manner.
DIS-TRUST'FtJL-NESS, n. The state of being distrustful ;
want of confidence.
DIS-TRUST'ING, ppr. Doubting the reality or sincerity of;
suspecting ; not relying on or confiding in.
DIS-TRUST'LESS, a. Free from distrust or suspicion.
t DIS-TuNE', V. t. To put out of tune. Wotton.
DIS-TURB',17. t. [Sp. disturbar ; L. disturbc] 1. To stir;
to move ; to discompose ; to excite from a state of rest or
tranquillity. 2. To move or agitate ; to disquiet ; to ex-
cite uneasiness or a slight degree of anger in the mind ; to
move the passions ; to ruffle. 3. To move from any reg-
ular course or operation ; to interrupt regular order ; to
make irregular. 4. To interrupt ; to hinder ; to incom-
mode. 5. To turn off from any direction ; with from ;
[umisual.']
t DIS-TURB', n. Confusion ; disorder. Milton.
DIS-TURE'ANCE, n. 1. A sturing or excitement ; any dis-
quiet or interruption of peace. 2. Interruption of a settled
state of things ; disorder ; tumult. 3. Emotion of the
mind ; agitation ; excitement of passion ; perturbation.
4. Disorder of thoughts ; confusion. — 5. In law, the hinder-
ing or disquieting of a person in the lawful and peaceable
enjoyment of his right ; the interruption of a right.
DIS-TURB'ED, (dis-turl3d') pp. Stirred ; moved ; excited ;
discomposed ; disquieted ; agitated ; uneasy.
DIS-TURB'ER, n. 1. One who disturbs or disquiets ; a vio-
lator of peace. 2. He or that which excites passion or agi-
tation ; he or that which causes perturbation. — 3. In law,
one tiiat interrupts or incommodes anotlier in the peacea-
ble enjoyment of his right.
DIS-TURB'ING, ppr. Moving ; exciting ; rendering un-
easy ; making a tumult ; interrupting peace ; incommod-
ing the quiet enjoyment of.
t DIS-TURN', V. t. To turn aside. Daniel.
t DIS-U'NI-FORM, a. Not uniform. Coventry.
DIS-UN'ION, n. Separation ; disjunction ; or a state of not
being united. It sometimes denotes a breach of concord,
and itseffect, contention.
DIS-U-NlTE', V. t. To separate ; to disjoin ; to part.
DIS-U-NlTE', V. i. To part ; to fall asunder ; to become
separate.
DIS-U-NlT'ED, pp. Separated ; disjoined.
DIS-U-NlT'ER, n. He or that which disjoins.
DIS-U-NlT'ING, ppr. Separating ; parting.
DIS-U'NI-TY, 71. A state of separation. More.
DIS-U'SAGE, n. Gradual cessation of use or custom ; neg
lect of use, exercise or practice.
DIS-USE', n. 1. Cessation of use, practice or exercise. 2
Cessation of custom ; desuetude!
DIS-USE', v.t. 1. To cease to use ; to neglect or omit to
practice. 2. To disaccustom.
DIS-US'ED, (dis-yuzd') pp. 1. No longer used ; obsolete, as
words, &c. 2. Disaccustomed.
DIS-US'ING, (dis-yuz'ing) ppr. Ceasing to use ; disaccus-
toming.
DIS-VAL-U-a'TION, n. Disesteem ; disreputation.
DIS-VAL'UE, V. t. To undervalue ; to disesteem.
DIS-VAL'UE, n. Disesteem; disregard. B. Jonson.
DIS-VOUCH', V. t. To discredit ; to contradict.
t DIS-WARN', V. t. [dis and warn.] To direct by previous
notice."
DIS-WIT'TED, a. Deprived of wits or understanding
Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, Zo??"-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE ir;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— ^ Obsclete
DIV
267
DIV
DIS-W6NT', V. t. To wean'; to deprive of wonted usage.
DIS-WoR'SHIP, n. Cause of disgrace. Barret.
■\ DIT, n. A ditty. Spenser,
fDIT, V. t. [Sax. dyttan.] To close up. More.
tDI-TA'TION, n. {li.ditatus.] The ac* of making rich.
DITCH, n. [Sax. die ; D. dyk.] 1. A trench in the earth
made by digging. 2. Any long, hollow receptacle of wa-
ter.
DITCH, V. i. To dig or make a ditch or ditches.
DITCH, V. t. 1. To dig a ditch or ditches in ; to drain by a
ditch. 2. To surround with a ditch.
DITCH'-DE-LIV'ERED, a. Brought forth in a ditch. Shak.
DITCH'ER, n. One who digs ditches.
DITCH'ING, ppr. Digging ditches ; also, draining by a ditch
or ditches.
Di-TET-RA-He'DRAL, a. In crystalography, having the
form of a tetrahedral prism with dihedral summits.
DITH'Y-RAMB, or DITH-Y-RAMB'US, n. [Gr. hdvpaix-
fios.] In ancient poetry, a hymn in honor of Bacchus.
DITH-Y-RAMB'I€, w. 1. A song in honor of Bacchus, in
which the wildness of intoxication is imitated. 2. Any
poem written in wild, enthusiastic strains.
DTTH-Y-RAMB'I€, a. Wild ; enthusiastic. Cowley.
Di"TION, 71. [L. ditio.] Rule ; power ; government ; do-
minion. Evelyn,
Dl'TONE, n. [Gr. Sig and rovos,] In music, an interval
comprehending two tones.
DIT-RI-He'DRI-A, n. [Gr. Sig, rpeig and eSpa.] In min-
eralogy, a genus of spars, with six sides or planes.
DIT-TAN'DER, n> Pepper-wort, lepidium, a genus of
plants. Encyc,
DIT'TA-NY, n. [L. dictamnus,] A plant.
DIT'TIED, a. Sung ; adapted to music. Milton.
DIT'TO, contracted into do, in books of accounts, is the
Italian detto, from L. dictum, dicius, said. It denotes
said, aforesaid, or the same thing; an abbreviation used
to save repetition.
DIT'TY, n. A song ; a sonnet ; or a little poem to be sung.
DIT'TY, V. i To sing ; to warble a little tune. Herbert.
Dl-U-RET'I€, a, [Gr. SiovpvnKog,] Having the power to
provoke urine ; tending to produce discharges of urine.
Dl-U-RET'IC, 71. A medicine that provokes urine.
Dl-URN'AL, a. [L. diurnus.] I. Relating to a day ; per-
taining to the day time 2. Daily ; happening every day ;
performed in a day. 3 Performed in 24 hours. — 4. In
medicine, an epithet of diseases whose exacerbations are
m the day time.
Dl-URN'AL, n. A day-book ; a journal. See Journal.
t Di-URN'AL-IST, n, A journalist. Hall.
Dl-URN'AL-LY, adv. Daily ; every day.
Dl-U-TURN'AL, a. Lasting ; being of long continuance.
DT-U-TURN'I-TY, n. [L. diutumitas.] Length of time ;
long duration. Brown.
DI-VAN', n. [Ar., Pers. diiDan."] 1. Among the Turks and
other orientals, a court of justice, or a council. 2. A coun-
cil-chamber ; a hall ; a court. 3. Any council assembled.
DI-VAR'I-€ATE, v. i. [L. divaricatus.] To open ; to fork ;
to part into two branches.
DI-VAR'I-€ATE, v. t. To divide into two branches.
DI-VAR'I-CATE, a. In botany, standing out wide.
DI-VAR'I-€A-TED, pp. Parted into two branches.
DI-VAR'T-€A-TING, ppr. Parting; into two branches.
DI-VAR-I-€a'TION, n. I. A parting ; a forking ; a separa-
tion into two branches. 2. A crossing or intersection of
fibres at dilFerent angles.
DIVE, V. i. [Sax. dyfan,] I. To descend or plunge into wa-
ter, as an animal head first ; to thrust the body into water
or other liquor, or, if already in water, to plunge deeper.
2. To go deep into any subject. 3. To plunge into any
business or condition, so as to be thoroughly engaged in
it. 4. To sink ; to penetrate.
DIVE, V. t. To explore by diving. [Rare.'] Denham.
Di'VEL, n. A large cartilaginous fish, with a bifurcated
snout.
DI-VEL'LENT, a. [L. divellens.} Drawing asunder ; sep-
arating.
DT-VEL'LI-€ATE, v. t. To pull in pieces.
DiV'ER, n. 1. One who dives ; one who plunges head first
into water ; one who sinks by elfort. 2. One who goes
deep into a subject, or enters deep into study. 3. A fowl,
so called from diving.
t Dx'VERB, 71. A proverb. Burton.
DI-VER6E', (di-verjO v. i. [i.. diverge.'] To tend from one
point and recede from each other ; to shoot, extend or
proceed from a point in different directions, or not in par-
allel lines.
DI-VERG'ENCE, n. A receding from each other ; a going
farther apart. Gregory.
DI-VER6'ENT, a. Departing or receding from each otlier,
as lines which proceed from the same point.
DI-VER6'ING, ppr Receding from each other, as they pro-
ceed.
DI-VER6'ING-LY, adv. In a diverging manner.
DI'VERS, a. [Pr. divers ; L. dioersus.] 1. Different ; va»%
ous. [This IS now generally written diverse.] 2. Several ,'
sundry ; more than one, but not a great number.
Di'VERS-CoL'ORED, a. Having various colors. Shak.
Dl'VERSE, a. [L. diversus.] 1. Different ; differing. 2. Dif-
ferent from itself; various ; multiform. 3. In different di-
rections.
t DI-VERSE', (di-vers') v. i. To turn aside. Spenser.
DI-VERS-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1 . The act of changing forma
or qualities, or of making various. 2. Variation ; variega-
tion. 3. Variety of forms. 4. Change ; alteration.
DI-VERS'I-FiED, pp. 1. Made various in form or qualities ;
variegated ; altered. 2. a. Distinguished by various forms,
or by a variety of objects.
DI-VERS'I-FORM, a. [L. diversus a,nd forma.'] Of a differ-
ent form ; of various forms. Diet.
DI-VERS'I-F'?, V. t. [Fr. diversifier.] 1. To make different
or various in form or qualities ; to give variety to ; to va-
riegate. 2. To give diversity to ; to distinguish by differ
ent things.— 3. In oratory, to vary a subject, by enlarging
on what has been briefly stated, by brief recapitulation,
by adding new ideas, by transposing words or periods,
&c.
Dl-VERS'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making various in form or quau-
ties ; giving variety to ; variegating.
DI-VER'SION, «. [Fr.] 1. The act of turning aside from
any course. 2. That which diverts ; that wTiich turns or
draws tlie mind from care, business or study, and thus re-
laxes and amuses ; sport ; play ; pastime ; whatever un-
bends the mind.— 3. In war, the act of drawing the atten-
tion and force of an enemy from the point where the prin-
cipal attack is to be made.
DI-VERS'I-TY, n. [L. diversitas.] 1. Difference ; dissimili
tude ; unlikeness. 2. Variety. 3. Distinct beipg, as op
posed to identity. 4. Variegation.
DI'VERS-LY, adv. 1. In different ways ; differently ; vari
ously. 2. In different directions ; to different points.
DI-VERT', v. t. [L. diverto.] 1. To turn off from any
course, direction or intended application ; to turn aside.
2. To turn the mind from business or study ; hence, to
please ; to amuse ; to entertain ; to exhilarate. 3. To
draw the forces of an enemy to a different point. 4. To
subvert ; [not in 21.se.] Shak.
DI-VERT'ED, pp. Turned aside ; turned or drawn from any
course, or from the usual or intended direction ; pleased ;
amused ; entertained.
DI-VERT'ER, 71. He or that which diverts, turns off, or
pleases.
t DI-VERT'I-€LE, n. [L. diverticulum.] A turning ; a by-
way. Hale.
DI-VERT'ING, ppr. 1. Turning off from any course ; pleas-
ing ; entertaining. 2. a. Pleasing ; amusing ; entertain-
ing.
* t Di-VER-TlSE', V. t. [Fr. divertir.] To divert ; to please.
Dryden .
DI-VJERT'ISE-MENT, n. Diversion. [Little used.] Ori-
ginally, a certain air or dance between the acts of the
French opera, or a musical composition.
DI-VERT'IVE, a. Tending to divert ; amusing.
DI-VEST', 7;. t. [Fr. devetir.] 1. To strip of clothes, arms
or equipage ; opposed to invest. 2. To deprive. 3. To
deprive or strip of any thing that covers, surrounds or at-
tends ; as, to divest one of his glory.
DI-VEST'ED, pp. Stripped ; undressed ; deprived.
DI-VEST'ING, ppr. Stripping ; putting off; depriving.
DT-VEST'I-TURE, ) n. The act of stripping, putting off, or
DI-VEST'URE, \ depriving. Boyle.
DI-VID'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be divided; 2. Separate ;
parted ; [not used.] Shak.
fDi-VID'ANT, a. Different; separate. Shak.
DI-ViDE', V. t. [L. divido.] I. To part or separate an entire
thing ; to part a thing into two or more pieces. 2. To
cause to be separate ; to keep apart by a partition, or by an
imaginary line or limit. 3. To make partition of, among
a number. 4. To open ; to cleave. 5. To disunite in
opinion or interest ; to make discordant. 6. To distribute ;
to separate and bestow in parts or shares. 7. To make
dividends ; to apportion the interest or profits of stock
among proprietors. 8. To separate into two parts, for as-
certaining opinions for and against a measure.
DI-VlDE', V. i. 1. To part ; to open ; to cleave. 2. To break
friendship. Shak. 3. To vote by the division of a legisla-
tive house into two parts. Oibbon.
DI-ViD'ED,,p7>. Parted ; disunited ; distributed.
DI-VrD'ED-LY, adv. Separately. Knatchbull.
DIV'I-DEND, n. 1. A part or share ; particularly, the share
of the interest or profit of stock in trade or other employ-
ment, which belongs to each proprietor according to his
proportion of the stock or capital.— 2. In arithmetic, the
number to be divided into equal parts.
DI-VID'ER, n. 1. He or that which divides ; that which
separates into parts. 2. A distributor ; one who deals out
to each his share. 3. He or that which disunites. 4. A
kind of compasses.
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in fftis t ObsotHe
DIV
268
DOC
DI-VID'INGr, ■ppr. 1. Parting ; separating ; distributing ; dis-
uniting ; apportioning to each his sliare, 2. a. That indi-
cates separation or difference.
DI-VID'ING, n. Separation.
DI-VID'U-AL, a. [L, di'oiiuus.'\ Divided, shared or parti-
cipated in common with others. \Little used.'\
DIV-I-Na'TION, 71. [L. dimnaiAoP^ 1. The act of divining ;
a foretelling future events, or discovering things secret or
obscure, by the aid of superior beings, or by other than
human means. 2. Conjectural presage ; prediction. Skak.
DIV'I-NA-TOR, n. One who pretends to divination.
DI-VIN'A-TO-RY, a. Professing divination.
DI-VlNE*, a. [L. dlvvmis.'] 1. Pertaining to the true God.
2. Pertaining to a heathen deity, or to false gods. 3. Par-
taking of the nature of God. 4. Proceeding from God ; as,
divine judgments. 5. Godlike ; heavenly ; excellent in
the highest degree ; extraofc-dinary ; apparently above
what is human. 6. Presageful ; foreboding ; prescient ;
\not use,d.'\ 7. Appropriated to God, or celebrating his
praise.
DI-ViNE', w. 1. A minister of the gospel ; a priest ; a cler-
gyman. 2. A man skilled in divinity ; a theologian.
DI-ViNE', V. t. [L. divino.] 1. To foreknow ; to foretell ;
to presage. 2. To deify ; [not in use.'] Spenser.
DI-VINE', V. i. I. To use or practice divination. 2. To ut-
ter presages or prognostications. 3. To have presages or
forebodings. 4 To guess or conjecture.
DI-VlNE'LY, adv. 1. In a divine or godlike manner ; in a
manner resembling deify. 3. By the agency or influence
of God. 3. Excellently ; in the supreme degree.
DI-VlNE'NESS, 71. 1. Divinity ; participation of the divine
nature ; [little used.] 2. Excellence in the supreme de-
gree.
DI-VlN'ER, 71. I. One who professes divination ; one who
pretends to predict events, or to reveal occult things, by
the aid of superior beings, or of supernatural means. 2.
One who guesses ; a conjecturer.
DI-ViNE'RESS, 71. A female diviner ; a woman professing
divination. Dryden.
DIVING, ppr. 1. Plunging or sinking into water or other
liquid ; applied to animals on^tf. 2. Going deep info a sub-
ject.
DIVING-BELL, n. A hollow vessel, in form of a truncated
cone or pyramid, with the smaller base close, and the
larger one open, in which a pei-son may descend into deep
water, and remain till the inclosed air ceases to be respir-
able.
DI-VlN'I-FlED, a. Participating of the divine nature.
DI-VIN'I-TY, n. [L. diviintas.] 1. The state of being di-
vine ; Deity ; Godhead ; the nature or essence of God.
2. God ; the Deity ; the Supreme Being. 3. A false god ;
a pretended deity of pagans. 4. A celestial being, inferior
to the Supreme God, but superior to man. 5. Something
supernatural. 6. The science of divine things ; the sci-
ence which unfolds the character of God, his laws and
moral government, the duties of man, and the v/ay of sal-
vation ; theology.
DI-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. divisibiUte.] The quality of be-
ing divisible ; the property of bodies by which their parts
or component particles are capable of separation.
DI-VIS'[-BLE, a. [h. dlvinbilis.] Capable of division ; that
may be separated or disunited ; separable.
DI-VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Divisibility 5 capacity of being
separated.
DI-Vi"SJON, 71. [h.divisio.] L The act of dividing or sep-
arating into parts, any entire body. 2. The state of being
divided. 3. That which divides or separates ; that which
keeps apart ; partition. 4, The part separated from the
rest by a partition or line, real or imaginary. 5. A sep-
arate body of men. 6. A part or distinct portion. 7. A
part of an army or militia. 8. A part of a fleet, or a select
number of ships under a commander, and distinguished
by a particular flag or pendant. 9. Disunion ; discord ;
variance ; difference. 10. Space between the notes of
music, or the dividing of the tones. IL Distinction. 12.
The separation of voters in a legislative house.— 13. In
arithmetic, the dividing of a number or quantity into any
parts assigned ; or the rule by which is found how many
times one number is contained in another.
DI-Vi"SION-AL, ) a. Pertaining to division : noting or
DI-Vi''SION-A-RY, ^ making division.
t DI-W'SION-ER, n. One who divides. Sheldon.
DI-Vl'STVE, a. 1. Forming division or distribution. Mede.
2. Creating division or discord. Burnet.
DI-Vr'SOR, 71. In arithmetic, the number by which the div-
idend is divided.
DI-VoRCE', 71 [Fr. divorce.'] I. A legal dissolution of the
bonds of matrimony, or the separation of husband and
wife by a judicial sentence. 2. The separation of a mar-
ried woman from the bed and board of her husband, a
mensa et thoro. 3. Separation ; disunion of things closely
United. 4. The sentence or writing by which marriage is
dissolved. 5. The cause of any penal separation.
DI-VoRCE', V. t. 1. To dissolve the marriage contract, and
thus to separate husband and wife. 2. To separate, as a
married woman from the bed and board of her husband
3. To separate or disunite things closely connected ; to
force asunder. 4. To take away 3 to put away.
DI-VoR'CED, (de-v6rst') pp. Separated by a dissolution of
the marriage contract ; separated from bed and board j
parted ; forced asunder.
DI-VORCE'MENT, ?i. Divorce ; dissolution of the marriage
tie.
DI-VoR'CER, n. 1. The person or cause that produces di-
vorce. 2. One of a sect called divorcers, said to have
sprung from Milton.
DI-VoR'CING, ppr. Dissolving the marriage contract ; sep-
arating from bed and board ; disuniting.
DI-VoR'CIYE, a. Having power to divorce. Milton.
DI-VUL'GATE, a. Published. [Little used.]
DIV-UL-Ga'TION, 71. The act of divulging or publishing.
DI-VUL6E', (de-vulj') v. t. [L. divulgo.] 1. Tomake public ;
to tell or make known something before private or secret j
to reveal ; to disclose. 2. To declare by a public act ; to
proclaim ; [unusual.]
DI-VUL'GED, (de-vulj .1') pp. Made public; revealed j dis-
closed ; published.
DI-VUL'6ER, n. One who divulges or reveals.
DI-VUL'GING, ppr. Disclosing ; publishing ; revealing.
DI-VUL'SION, 71. [L. divulsio.] The act of pulling or
plucking awav ; a rending asunder.
DI-VUL'SIVE,'a. That pulls asunder ; that rends.
DIZ'EN, (diz'n) v. t. To dress gayly ; to deck. Swift. This
word is nearly obsolete.
fDIZZ, V. t. To astonish ; to puzzle ; tomake dizzy.
t DIZ'ZARD, 71. A blockhead.
DIZ'ZI-NESS, 71. Giddiness ; a whirling in the head ; ver-
tigo.
DIZ'ZY, a. [Sax. dysi, or dysig.] 1. Giddy ; having a sensa-
tion of whirling in the head, with instability or proneness
to fall; vertiginous. 2. Causing giddiness. 3. Giddy;
thoughtless ; heedless.
DIZ'ZY, V. t. To whirl round ; to make giddy ; to confuse.
DO, V. t. or auxiliary ; pret. did ; pp. done. This verb,
when transitive, is formed in the indicative present tense,
thus, I do, thou doest, he does, or doth ; when auxiliary,
the second person is, thou dost. [Sax. don ; D. doen.] 1.
To perform ; to execute ; to carry into effect. 2. To prac-
tice ; to perform. 3. To perform for the benefit or injury
of another; with for or to. 4. To execute ; to discharge •
to convey. 5. To perform ; to practice ; to observe. 6. To
exert. 7. To transact. 8. To finish ; to execute or trans-
act and bring to a conclusion. 9. To perform in an exigen-
cy ; to have recourse to, as a consequential or last effort ; to
take a step or measure. 10. To make or cause ; [obs.] 11.
To put; [obs.] 12. To answer the purpose. — To have to
do, to have concern with.— To do with, to dispose of; to
make use of ; to employ. — To do away, to remove ; to de-
stroy ; as, to do away imperfections.
DO, V. i. 1. To act or behave, in any manner, well or ill ;
to conduct one's self. 2. To fare ; to be m a state with
regard to sickness or health. 3. To succeed ; to accom-
plish a purpose. Also, to fit ; to be adapted. — To have to
do with, to have concern or business with ; to deal with.
Also, to have carnal commerce with.— Do is used for a
verb, to save the repetition of it.— X>o is also used in the
imperative, to express an urgent request or command. —
As an auxiliary, do is used in asking questions. — Do is
also used to express emphasis Do is sometimes a mere
expletive.
DO, 71. See Dos and Ado.
Do'LIT-TLE, 71. A term of contempt for him who professes
much and performs little.
DoAT. See Dote.
* Do'CI-BLE, a. Teachable ; docile ; tractable ; easily
taught or managed. Milton.
jDo'CENT, a. ['L. docens.] Teaching. Mp. Laud.
DOC-I-BIL'I-TY, ) 71. Teachableness ; docility ; readiness
Do'CI-BLE-NESS, \ to learn.
* Do'ClLE, or DOCILE, a. [L. docilis.] Teachable ; easily
instructed ; ready to learn ; tractable ; easily managed.
DO-CIL'I-TY, 71. Teachableness ; readiness to learn ; apt-
ness to be taught.
Do'CI-MA-CY, 71. [Gr. SoKi/xacna.] The art or practice of as-
saying metals ; metallurgy.
DO-CI-MAS'Tie, a. [Gr. SoKiixaarLKos.] Properly, assay
ing, proving by experiments, or relating to the assaying of
metals.
DOCK, 71. [Sax. docce.] A genus of plants.
DOCK, V. t. [W. tociaw, and twciaw.] 1. To cut off, as
the end of a thing ; to curtail ; to cut short ; to clip. 2.
To cut off" a part ; to shorten ; to deduct from. 3. To cut
off", destroy or defeat ; to bar. 4. To bring, draw or place
a ship in a dock.
DOCK, 71. 1. The tail of a beast cut short or clipped ; the
stump of a tail ; the solid part of the tail. 2. A case of
leather to cover a horse's dock.
Svnpvsis. A. E, T, o, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete
*See
DOD
269
DOG
DOCK, n. A broad, deep, trench on the side of a harbor,
or bank of a river, in which ships are built or repaired.
—In America, the spaces between wharves are called
docks,
DO€K'-YARD, n. A yard, or magazine, near a harbor, for
containing all kinds of naval stores and timber.
DO€K'ET, n. [W. tociaw ] 1. A small piece of paper or
parchment, containing the heads of a writing Also, a
subscription at the foot of letters patent, by the clerk of
the dockets. 2. A bill, tied to goods, containing some di-
rection. 3. An alphabetical list of cases in a court, or a
catalogue of the names of the parties who have suits de-
pending in a court.
DO€K'ET, V. t. 1. To make an abstract or summary of the
heads of a writing or writings ; to abstract and enter in a
book. Blackstone. 2. To enter in a docket; to mark the
contents of papers on the back of them. 3. To mark with
a docket. Chesterfield.
DO€K'ING, ppr. Clipping; cutting off the end ; placing in
a dock.
DO€K'ING, n. The act of drawing, as a ship, into a dock.
DO€'TOR, n. [L.,from<Zoceo.] 1. A teacher. 2. One who
has passed all the degrees of a faculty, and is empowered
to practice and teach it ; as a doctor in divinity, in physic,
in law ; or, according to modern usage, a person who has
received the highest degree in a faculty. 3. A learned
man ; a man skilled in a profession ; a man of erudition.
4. A physician ; one whose occupation is to cure diseases.
5. The title doctor is given to certain fathers of the
church, whose opinions are received as authorities. — Doc-
tors^ Commons, the college of civilians in London.
DOO'TOR, V. t. To apply medicines for the cure of dis-
eases. [^A popular use of this word, but not elegayit.']
DOe'TOR, V. i. To practice physic. [Jfot elegant.]
DO€'TOR-AL, a. Relating to the degiee of a doctor.
DO€'TOR-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a doctor.
DO€'TOR-ATE, w. The degree of a doctor. Encyc.
DOe'TOR-ATE, v. t. To make a doctor by conferring a
degree. Warton.
DOO'TOR-LY, a. Like a learned man. Bp. Hall.
DO€'TOR-SHIP, n. The degree or rank of a doctor.
DOO'TRESS, or DO€ TOR-ESS, n. A female physician.
DOe'TRI-NAL, a. 1. Pertaining to doctrine ; containing a
doctrine or something taught. 2. Pertaining to the act or
means of teaching,
DOe'TRI-NAL, 71. Something that is a part of doctrine.
DO€'TRI-NAL-LY, adv. In the form of doctrine or instruc-
tion ; by way of teaching or positive direction.
DOCTRINE, n. [L. doctrina.] 1. Whatever is taught; a
principle or position in any science ; whatever is laid
down as true by an instructor or master. 2. The act of
teaching. 3. Learning; knowledge. 4. The truths of
the gospel in general. 5. Instruction and confirmation in
the truths of the gospel.
DOC'tT-MENT, n. [L. documentum.] 1. Precept ; instruc-
tion ; direction. 2. Dogmatical precept ; authoritative
dogma. — 3. More generally, in present usage, written in-
struction, evidence or proof; any official or authoritative
paper containing instructions or proof, for mformation and
the establishment of facts.
DOe'U-MENT, V. t. 1. To furnish with documents ; to fur-
nish with instructions and proofs, or with papers neces-
sary to establish facts. 2. To teach ; to instruct ; to direct.
Dryden.
DO€-U-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to instruction or to docu-
ments ; consisting in or derived from documents.
DO€-U-MENT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to written evidence;
consisting in documents.
DODD, V. t. To dodd sheep, is to cut the wool away about
their tails. Brockett.
DOD'DER, n. [G. dotter.] A plant of the genus cuscuta.
DOD'DED, a. Without horns ; applied to sheep. An abbre-
viation of doe-headed.
DOD'DERED, a. Overgrown with dodder; covered with
supercrescent plants. Dryden.
DO-DE€'A-GON, n. [Gr. SwScKa and ywvia.] A regular
figure or polygon, having twelve equal sides and an-
gles.
DO-DE€'A-GYN, n. [Gr. SoySsKa and yvvT/.] In botany, a
plant having twelve pistils.
DO-DEC-A-GYN'I-AN, a. Having twelve pistils.
DO-DE€-A-He'DRAL, a. Pertaining to a dodecahedron ;
consisting of twelve equal sides.
DO-DE€-A-He'DRON, n. [Gr. SmSeku and eSpa.] A reg-
ular solid contained under twelve equal and regular penta-
gons, or having twelve equal bases.
D0-DE-€AN'DER, 71. [Gr. SoiSeKa and avvp.] In botany,
a plant having twelve stamens.
D0-DE-€AN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to the plants or class
of plants that have twelve stamens, or from twelve to
nineteen.
DO-DEe'A-TE-MORI-ON, n. [Gr. ^wJeacctos and juopiov.]
A twelfth part. [Little used.] Creech.
DO-DEe-A-TEM'O-RY, n. A denomination sometimes
given to each of the twelve signs of the zodiac.
DODGE, (doj) v.i. 1. To start suddenly aside; to shift
place by a sudden start. 2. To play tricks ; to be evasive ;
to use tergiversation ; to play fast and loose ; to raise ex-
pectations and disappoint them ; to quibble.
DODGE, V. t. To evade by a sudden shift o-f place ; to
escape by starting aside.
DODG'E-RY, 71. Trick. Racket.
DODG'ER, n. One who dodges or evades.
BOB^ lliG, ppr. Starting aside ; evading
DOD'KIN, 71. A little doit ; a small coin.
DOD'MAN, 71, A fish that casts its shell.
Do'DO, 71. The didus, a genus of fowls of the gallinaceous
order.
DoE, (do) n. [Sax. da ,• Dan. daa.] A she deer ; the fe-
male of the fallow-deer. The male is called a biick.
t DOE, n. A feat. Hudibras.
iDO'ER, 71. 1 One who does; one who performs or exe-
cutes ; an actor ; an agent. 2. One who performs what
is required ; one who observes, keeps or obeys, in prac
tice.
Does, (duz) The third person singular of the verb do,
indicative mode, present tense.
DOFF, V. t. [D. doffen.] 1. To put off, as dress. 2. To
strip or divest. 3. To put or thrust away, to get rid of.
4. To put off ; to shift off; with a view to delay.
DOG, n. [Fr. dogue.] 1. A species of quadrupeds, belong-
ing to the genus cams, of many varieties, as the mas-
tiff, the hound, the spaniel, the shepherd's dog, the ter-
rier, the harrier, the bloodhound, &c. 2. It is used for
male, when applied to several other animals ; as, a dog-
fox. 3. An andiron, so named from the figure of a dog's
head on the top. 4. A terra of reproach or contempt
given to a man. 5. A constellation called Sinus or Canic-
ula. 6. An iron hook or bar with a sharp iang, used by
seamen. 7. An iron used by sawyers to fasten a log of
timber in a saw-pit. 8. A gay young man ; a buck ; [jwt
in use.] — To give or throw to the dogs, is to throw away,
as useless. — I'o go to the dogs, is to be ruined.
DOG, V. t. To hunt ; to follow insidiously or indefatigably ;
to follow close ; to urge ; to woiTy wiUi importunity.
Do'GATE, 71. The office or dignity of a doge. Encyc.
DOG'BANE, 71. A plant. Miller.
DOG'BER-RY, 71. The berry of the dog-wood.
DOG'BER-RY-TREE, n. The dog-wood.
DOG'BoLT, 71. A word of contempt, applied to persons
Beaumont.
DOG'BRI-ER, 71. The brier that bears the hip.
DOG'-€AB-BAGE, 71. A plant in the south of Europe.
DOG'CHeAP, a. Cheap as dog's meat, or offal.
DOG'DaY, 71. One of the days when Sinus, or the dogstar,
rises and sets with the sun. — The dogdays commence the
latter part of July, and end the beginning of September.
DOG'DRAW, 71. A manifest deprehension of an offender
againstthe venison in the forest, when he is found draw-
ing after the deer by the scent of a hound. Cowel.
DOGE, 71. [It. ; L. diiz.] The chief magistrate of Venice
and Genoa.
DOG'FlGHT, 71. A battle between two dogs.
DOG'FISH, 71. A name of several species of shark.
DOG'FISH-ER, 71. A kind offish. Walton.
DOG'FLY, 71. A voracious, biting fly.
DOG'GED, pp. 1. Pursued closely ; urged frequently and
importunately. 2. a. Sullen ; sour ; morose ; surly ; se-
vere. Shak.
DOG'GED-LY, adv. Sullenly ; gloomily ; sourly ; morosely ;
severely.
DOG'GED-NESS, 71. Sullenness ; moroseness.
DOG'GER, n. A Dutch fishing vessel used in the German
ocean, particularly in the herring fishery.
DOG'GER-EL, a. An epithet given to a kind of loose, ir-
regular measure in burlesque poetry, like that of Hudibras.
Addison.
DOG'GER-EL, 71. A loose, irregular kind of poetry ; used
in burlesque. Swift.
DOG GER-MAN, n. A sailor belonging to a dogger.
DOG'GERS, 71. In English alum works, a sort of stone
found in the mines with the true alum-rock
DOG'GING, ppr. Hunting ; pursuing incessantly.
DOG'GISH, a. Like a dog ; churlish ; growling; snappish ;
brutal.
DOG'HEART-ED, a. Cruel ; pitiless ; malicious.
DOG'HOLE, 71. A place fit only for dogs. Dryden.
DOG'HOUSE, 71. A kennel for dogs. Overbury.
DOG'KEEP-ER, ti. One who has the management of dogs
DOG'KEN-NEL, 71. A kennel or Lut for dogs.
DOG'LeACH, 71. A dog-doctor. Beaumont.
DOG'LOUSE, 71. An insect that is found on dogs.
t DOG'LY, a. Like a dog.
DOG '-MAD, a. Mad as a dog.
DOG'MA, 71. [Gr. ^oyu.a.] A settled opinion; a principle,
maxim or tf net ; a doctrinal notion, particularlj' in mat-
ters of faith and philosophy.
See Synopsis. M5VE, BO9K, DoVE ;— PIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; cH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete .
DOL
270
DOM
DOG-MAT'I€, ia.l. Pertaining to a dogma, or to set-
DOG-MAT'I-€AL, j tied opinion. 2. Positive j magiste-
rial , asserting or disposed to assert witli authority or with
overbearing and arrogance. 3. Positive ; asserted with
authority; tuthoritativ3. 4. Arrogant; overbearing in
asserting and maintaining opinions.
DOG-MAT'ie, n. One of a sect of physicians, called also
dogmatists, in contradistinction to Empirics and Metho-
dists.
DOG-MAT'I-€ALr-LY, adv. Positively ; in a magisterial
manner ; arrogantly.-
DOG-MAT'T-€AL,-NESS, n. The quality of bemg dogmat-
ical ; positiveness.
DOG'ilA-TISM, n. Positive assertion ; arrogance ; positive-
ness in opinion.
DOG'MA-TIST, w. A positive asserter ; a magisterial teach-
er ; a bold or arrogant advancer of principles.
DOG'MA-TiZE, v. i. To assert positively ; to teach with
bold and undue confidence ; to advance with arrogance.
DOG MA-TlZ-ER, n. One who dogmatizes ; a bold asserter ;
a magisterial teacher. Hammond.
DOG'MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Asserting with excess of confi-
dence.
DOG'ROSE, 71. The flower of the hip. Derham.
DOG'S'-BANE, n. [Gx. a-oicvvov.'] A genus of plants.
DOG'S'-eAR, n. The corner of a leaf in a book turned
do^vn like a dog's ear
D0G'SI€K, a. Sick as a dog.
DOG'SKm, a. Made of the skin of a dog. Tatler.
DOG'SLEEJ", n. Pretended sleep. Addison.
DOG'S'-MeAT, n. Refuse ; offal ; meat for dogs.
DOG'S'-RuE, 71. A plant, a species of scrophularia.
DOG'STXR, n. Sirius, a star of the first magnitude, whose
rising and setting with the sun give name to the dogdays.
DOG'SToNES, n. A plant, the orchis, or fool-stones.
DOG'TOOTH, n. .-^'Zw. Dogteeth. A sharp-pointed human
tooth growing between the foreteeth and grinders, and
resembling a dog's tooth.
DOGTOOTH-Vl'O-LET, n. A plant, the erythronimi.
DOG'TRI€K, 71. A currish trick ; brutal treatment.
DOG'TROT, 7!. A gentle trot like that of a dog.
DOG'VANE, n. Among seamen, a small vane composed of
thread, cork and feathers.
DOG'WATCH, n. Among seamen, a watch of two hours.
The dogwatches are two reliefs between 4 and 8 o'clock,
P. M. _
DOG'WeA-RY, a. Quite tired ; much fatigued.
DOG'WOOD, 71. A common name of different species of
the cor'a'us, or cornelian cherry.
DOG^WOOD-TREE, n. The piscidia erythrina.
UOI'LY,' 71. 1. A species of woolen stuff. 2. Linen made
into a small napkin.
Do'ING, ppr. Performing ; executing.
DOINGS, 71. plu. 1. Things done ; transactions; feats;
actions, good or bad. 2. Behavior ; conduct. 3. Stir ;
bustle.
DOIT, 71. [D. (fiiit.l 1. A small piece of money. 2. Atrifle.
DO-LAB'RI-FORM, a. [h. dolabraanifarma.] Having the
form of an axe or hatchet.
DOLE, ?i. [Sax. dal : Russ. dolia.'] 1. The act of dealing or
distributing ; [jiot in use.] 2. That which is dealt or dis-
tributed ; a part, share or portion. 3. That which is given
in charity ; gratuity. 4. Blows dealt out. 5. Boundary ;
inot in use.] 6. A void space left in tillage ; [local.]
OLE, n. [li. dolor.] Grief; sorrow. Milton.
t DOLE, V. t. To deal ; to distribute.
DoLE'FjjL, a. [dole and full.] L Sorrowful ; expressing
grief. 2. Melancholy; sad; afflicted. 3. Dismal ; im-
pressing sorrow ; gloomy.
DoLE'FTJL-LY, adv. In" a doleful manner ; sorrowfully ;
dismally ; sadly.
DoLE'FUL-NESS, n. Sorrow ; melancholy ; querulous-
ness ; gloominess ; dismalness.
fDoLE.NT, a. [1.. dolens.] Sorrowful.
Dole Some, a. Gloomy; dismal; sorrowful; doleful.
DoLE'SoME-LY, adv. In a dolesome manner.
DoLE'SoME-XESS, n. Gloom ; dismalness.
DOLL, 71. [W. delw.] A puppet or baby for a child.
DOL'LAR, n. [G. thaler : D. daalder.] A silver coin of
Spain and of the United States, of the value of one hundred
cents or four shillings and sixpence sterling.
DOL'0-MiTE, n. A magnesian carbonate of lime.
DO'LOR, n. FL.l Pain; grief; lamentation. Shak.
DOL-0-RIF'ER-t)US, a. [L. dolor and fero.] Producing
pain.
DOL-0-RIF'I€, a. [L. dolorificus.] 1. That causes pain or
grief. 2. Expressmg pain or grief.
D0L-0-RIF'I-€AL, o. Dolorific. Cockeram.
DOL'OR-OUS, a. 1. Sorrowful ; doleful ; dismal ; impress-
ing sorrow or grief. 2. Painful ; giving pain. 3. Ex-
pressing pain or grief.
DOL OR-OUS-LY, adv. Sorrowfully ; in a manner to ex-
press pain.
DOL'PHIN, 71. [L. delphin, or delphinns.] 1. A genus of
cetaceous fish, with teeth in both jaws, and a pipe In th»
head, comprehending the dolphin, the porpess, the gram-
pus and the beluga. — 2. In ancient Greece, a machine
suspended over the sea, to be dropped on any vessel
passing under it.
DOL'PHIN-ET, 77. A female dolpliin. Speiiser.
DoLT, n. [G. tolpel ; Sax. dol.] A heavy, stupid fellow ; a
blockhead; a thick-skull. Bwift.
DoLT, V. i. To waste time foolishly ; to behave foolishly.
DoLTLSH, a. Dull in intellect; stupid ; blockish.
DoLT'ISH-NESS, n. Stupidity.
DOM, used as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or prop-
erty and jurisdiction ; primarily, doom, judgment ; as in
kingdom.
DO-MaIN', 71. [Fr. domaine.] 1. Dominion ; empire ; ter-
ritory governed, or under the government of a sovereign.
2. Possession ; estate. 3. The land about the mansion
house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy.
Do'MAL, a. [L. domus.] Pertaining to house inastrology.
DOME, 71. [Fr. dome.] 1. A building ; a house ; a fabric.
2. A cathedral. — 3. In architecture, a sphehcsi roof, raised
over the middle of a building ; a cupola. — 4. In chemistry y
the upper part of a furnace, resembUng a hollow hemi
sphere or small dome.
DoMES'DAY. See Doomsday.
t DojMES'MAN, 71. A judge ; an umpire.
DO-MES'TI€, a. [L.domesticiis.] 1. Belonging to the house,
or home ; pertaining to one's place of residence, and to
the family. 2. Remaining much at home ; living in re-
tirement. 3. Living near the habitations of man ; tame ;
not wild. 4. Pertaining to a nation considered as a fam-
ily, or to one's own country ; intestine ; not foreign.
5. Made in one's own house, nation or country.
DO-MES'TI€, 71. One who lives in the family of another,
as a chaplain or secretary. Also, a servant or hired labor-
er, residing with a family.
DO-MES'TI-eAL. The same as domestic.
DO-MES'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In relation to domestic affaire
DO-MES'TI-€A-NT, a. Forming part of the same family
Sir E. Dering.
DO-MES'TI-€ATE, v. t. 1. To make domestic ; to retire
from the public ; to accustom to remain much at home.
2. To make familiar, as if at home. 3. To accustom to
live near the habitations of man ; to tame.
DO-MES-TI-Ca TION, n. 1. The act of withdrawing from
the public notice, and living much at home. 2. The act
of taming or reclaiming wild animals.
DOM'I-CIL, n. [L. domicilium.] An abode or mansion ; a
place of permanent residence, either of an individual or
family.
DOM'I-CIL, or DOM-I-CIL l-ATE, v. t. To establish a fixed
residence, or a residence that constitutes habitancy. Kent.
DOM'I-ClLED, or DOM-I-CIL'I-A-TED, pp. Having gain-
ed a permanent residence or inhabitancy.
D0:M-I-CIL'IA-RY, a. Pertaining to an abode, or the resi-
dence of a person or family.
DOM-I-CIL-I-A'TION, 72. Permanent residence ; inhabit-
ancy. ^
DOM'I-CIL-IKG, or DOM-I-CIL'I-A-TING, ppr. Gaining
or taking a peiTuanent residence.
fDOM'I-FY, V. t. [L. domus and facio.] 1. In astrology, to
divide the heavens into twelve houses, in order to erect a
theme or horoscope. 2. To tame.
DOM'I-NANT, a. [L. dominans.] 1. Ruling; prevailing;
governing ; predominant. — 2. In music, the dominant or
sensible chord is that which is practiced on the dominant
of the tone, and which introduces a perfect cad-ence.
DOM'I-NANT, n. In TnM^ic, of the three notes essential to
the tone, the dominant is that which is a fifth from the
tonic.
DOM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. domiiiatv^.] To rule ; to govern
to prevail ; to predominate over. Russ.
DOM'I-NATE, V. i. To predominate [Little used.]
DOM'I-NA-TED, pp. Ruled ; governed.
DOM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Ruling ; prevailing ; predominating.
DOM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. dominatio.] 1. The exercise of
power in ruling ; dominion ; government. 2. Arbiti-ary
authority ; tyranny. 3. One highly exalted in power ; or
the fourth order of angelic beings.
DOM'I-NA-TiVE, a. Governing ; also, imperious. Sandys.
DOM'I-NA-TOPi,, 77. 1. A ruler or ruling power ; the presid
ing or predominant power. 2. An absolute governor.
DOM-I-NEER', V. i. [L. dominor.] 1. To rule over with
insolence or arbitrary sway. 2, To bluster; to hector ; to
swell v/ith conscious superiority, or haughtiness.
DOM-T-NEER', v. t. To govern. Walpole.
DOM-I-NEER'ING, ppr. 1. Ruling over with insolence ,
blustering ; manifesting haughty superiority. 2. a. Over-
bearing.
DO-MIN'I-€AL, a. [Low L. dominicalis.] 1. That notes
the Lord's day, or Sabbath. The Dominical letter is the
letter which,' m almanacs, denotes the Sabbath, or dies
Domini, the Lord's day. 2. Noting the prayer of our
Lord.
See Synopsis. A E I, O, U Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j—HN, MARINE, BIRD;— 1; Obsolete
DOO
271
DOT
DO MIN'I-eAL, n. The Lord's day. Hammond.
DO-MIN'I-€AN, a. or n. [from Dominic] The Dominicans,
or Dominican Friars, are an order of religious or monks,
called also Jacolins.
DO-MIN'ION, n. \li. dominium.] 1. Sovereign or supreme
authority ; the power of governing and controlling. 2.
Power to direct, control, use and dispose of at pleasure ;
right of possession and use without being accountable. 3.
Territory under a government ; region ; country ; district
governed, or within the limits of the authority of a prince
or state. 4. Government ; right of governing. 5. Pre-
dominance ; ascendant. 6. An order of angels. 7. Per-
sons governed.
DOM'I-NO, n. A kind of hood j a long dress; a masquerade
dress ; a kind of play.
Do'SIITE, 71. A mineral named from Dome, in France.
DON. A title in Spain, formerly given to noblemen and
gentlemen only, but now common to all classes. — Dona,
or duena, the feminine of don, is the title of a lady, in
Spain and Portugal.
t DON, v._ t. [To do on.] To put on ; to invest with.
Do'NA-ClTE, n. A petrified shell of the genus c^onaz.
DO'NA-E.Y, n. [L. donarium.] A thing given to a saa'ed
use. [Little iised.]
DO-Na'TION, 71. [L. donatio.] 1. The act of giving or be-
stowing ; a gi-ant. — ^2. In laic^the act or contract by which
a thing or the use of it is transferred to a person, or corpo-
ration, as a free gift. 3. That which is given or bestow-
ed ; that which is transferred to another gratuitously, or
without a valuable consideration ; a gift ; a grant.
Do'NA-TISM, or DON'A-TISM, n. The doctrmes of the
Donatists.
Do NA-TIST, or DON'A-TIST, n. One of the sect founded
bv Donatus.
DON A TIS'TTf" )
DON-A-TIS'TI-€AL ( "" I'^rtaining to Donatism.
*Do'NA-TtVE, 72. [Sp., Itnl. donativo.] 1. A gift; a lar-
gess; a gratuity; a present; a dole.— 2. In the canon laic,
a benefice given and collated to a person, by the founder
or patron, without either presentation, institution or in-
duction by the ordinary.
* Do NA-TIVE, or DON'A-TiVE, a. Vested or vesting by
donation. Blackstone.
D6NE, (dun) pp. [See Do.] 1. Performed ; executed ; fin-
ished. 2. A word by which agreement to a proposal is
expressed ; as, in laying a wager, an ofier being made, the
person accepting or agreeing says, done.
fDoNE. The old infinitive of <io.
DO-NEE', n. [L. dono.] 1. The person to whom a gift, or
donation is made. 2. The person to whom lands or ten-
ements are given or granted.
DON' JON, or DoN'GEON. See Dungeon.
DoN'KEY, 71. An ass or mule used for riding. ^
t DON'NAT, 71. [do and naught.] An idle fellow.
Do'NOR, n. [L. done] 1. One who gives or bestows ; one
who confers any thing gratuitously ; a benefactor. 2.
One who grants an estate.
DON'SHIP, n. The quality of a centleman or knight.
DON'ZEL, 71. [It.] A young attendant ; a page. Butler
DOO'DLE, n. A trifler ; a simple fellow.
DOOLE. See Dole.
DOOM, TJ. «. [Sax. (ZoTK.] I. To InAge; {unusual.] 2. To
condemn to any punishment ; to consign by a decree or
sentence. 3. To pronounce sentence or judgment on.
4. To command authoritatively. 5. To destine ; to fix
irrevocably the fate or direction of. 6. To condemn, or
to punish by a penalty.
DOOM, V. t. To tax at discretion. JVew England.
DOOM, 71. [Sax. dom.] 1. Judgment ; judicial sentence.
2. Condemnation ; sentence ; decree ; determination af-
fecting the fate or future state of another ; usually, a de-
termination to mhict evil, sometunes otherwise. 3. The
state to which one is doomed, or destined. 4. Ruin ; de-
struction. 5. Discrimination; hiotused.]
DOOM'AGE, n. A penalty or fine' for neglect. JVe^o Hamp-
shire.
DOOMED, (doomd) pp. Adjudged ; sentenced ; condemn-
ed ; destined ; fated.
DOOM'FUL, a. Full of destruction. Drayton.
DOOM'ING, ppr. Judging ; sentencmg ; condemning ;
destining.
DOOMS'DAY, n. [doom and day.] I. The day of the final
judgment ; the great day when all men are to be judged,
and consigned to endless happiness or misery. Dryden.
2. The day of sentence or condemnation.
DOOMS'D AY-BOOK, or DOMES'DAY-BOOK, n. A book
■comi>iled by order of William the Conqueror, containing
a survey of all the lands in England.
DOOMS'MAN. See Domes man.
DoOR, (dore) n. [Sax. dora, dur, dure.] 1. An opening or
passage into a house, or other building, or into any room,
apartment or closet, by which persons enter. 2. The
frame of boards, or any piece of board or plank, that shuts
the opening of a house, or closes the entrance into an
apartment or any inclosure, and usually turning on
hinges. — 3. In familiar language, a, house; often in the
plural, doors. 4. Entrance. Dryden. 5. Avenue ; pas-
sage ; means of approach or access.— To lis at the door, in
a. figurative sense, is to be imputable or chargeable to one.
— J\rezt door to, near to ; bordering on. — In doors, within
^he house ; at home.
DoOR'-€ASE, n. The frame which incloses a door.
fDoORTNG, 7!. A door-case. Milton.
DoOR'-KEEP-ER, n. A porter ; one who guards the en-
trance of a house or apartment.
DoOR'-NaIL, n. The nail on which the knocker formerly
DoOR'-PoST, 71. The post of a door.
DoOR'-STEAD, n. Entrance or place of a door.
DOGl'UET, (dok'et) n, A warrant ; a paper granting li-
cense. See Docket.
DOR, or DORR, n. The name of the black beetle, or the
hedge-chafer.
DO-Ra'DO, 71. [Sp. dorado.] 1. A southern constellation,
containing six stars. 2. A large fish resembling the dolphin.
DO-REE', 71. A fish of the genus leus,
D6'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Doris in Greece.
DOR'IO, a. In general, pertaining to Doris, or the Dorians,
in Greece, — In architecture, noting the second order of
columns, between the Tuscan and Ionic.
DOR'I-CISM, or DO RISM, n. A phrase of the Doric dialect.
DOR'MAN-CY, n. auiescence. Eorsley.
DOR'MANT, a. [Fr. dormir.] 1. Sleeping ; hence, at rest ;
not in action. 2. Being in a sleeping posture. 3. Neg-
lected ; not used. 4. Concealed ; not divulged ; private;
[unusual.] 5. Leaning ; inclining ; not perpendicular.
DOR'MANT, ) . ,
DOR'MAR i'"- ^ beam ; a sleeper.
DOR MAR, )n. A window in the roof of a
DOR'MAR-WIN'DoW, S house, or above the entablature.
DOR'MI-TiVE, n. [L. dormio.] A medicine to promote
sleep ; an opiate. Arbuthnot.
DOR'Mi-TO-RY, 7?. [L. dormUonum.] 1. A place, building
or room to sleep in. 2. A gallery Li convents, divided into
several cells, where the religious sleep. 3. A burial-place.
DOR'MOUSE, «. ; plu. Dormice. An animal of the mouse
kind.
DORN, n. [G. dom.] A fish. Carew.
DGR'NIC, 7). Aspeciesof linen cloth ; also linsey-woolsey.
fDo'RON, n. [Gr. 5wpov.] 1. A gift ; a present. 2= A
measure of three inches.
DORP, 71. [G. dorf; D. dorp.] A small villagp.
DORR. See Dor.
t DORR, V. t. To deafen with noise.
tDOR'RER, 71. A drone.
DOR'SAL, a. [L. dorsum.] Pertaining to the back.
DORSE, n. A canopv. Sutton.
DOR'SEL. . See Dosser.
DOR-SIF'ER-OIS, ) a. In botany, bearing or producing
DOR-SIP' AR-OUS, \ seeds on the back of their leaves.
DORSUM, 71. [L.] The ridge of a hill. Walton.
t DOR'TURE, 71. A dormitory. Bacon.
DOSE, 7!. [Fr. rfoA-e.] 1. The quantity of medicine given or
prescribed to be taken at one time. 2. Any thing given
to be swallowed ; any thing nauseous, that one is obliged
to take. 3. A quantity; a portion. 4. As much as a rnan
can swallow.
DOSE, V. t. [Fr. doser.] 1. To proportion a medicine prop-
erly to the patient or disease ; to form into suitable duses
2. To give in doses ; to give medicine or physic. 3. To
give any thing nauseous.
DOS'SER, 71. [Fr. dossier.]
carried on the shoulders of men
A pannier, or basket, to be
DOS'SIL, 7!. In surgery, a pledget or portion of lint made
into a cylindric form, or the shape of a date.
DoST. (dust) The second person of rfo, used in the solemn
style ; thou dost.
DOT, n. A small point or spot, made with a pen or other
pointed instrument ; a speck ; used in marking a wiiting
or other thinsf.
DOT, V. t. 1. To mark with dots. 2. To mark or diversify
with small detached objects.
DOT, V. i. To make dots or spots.
Do'TAGE, 71. 1. Feebleness or imbecility of understanding
or mind, particularly in old age ; childishness of old age
2. A doting ; excessive fondness. 3. Deliriousness.
Dotal, a. [l^.dotalis.] Pertaining to dower, or a wo-
man's marriage portion ; constituting dower or comprised
in it.
Do'TARD, 71. 2. A man whose intellect is impaired by age ;
one in his second childhood. 2. A doting fellow ; one
foolishlv fond.
Do'TARD-LY, a. Like a dotard ; weak. Jlfore.
DO-Ta'TION, 71. [1j. dotatio.] 1. The a"t of endowing, or
of bestowing a marriage portion on a woman. 2. Endow-
ment ; establishment offunds for support; as of a hospital
or eleemosynary corporation.
DOTE, V. i. [D. dutten.] 1. To be delirious ; to have the
♦ See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, DoVE ;-Bp:LL, UNITE.-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
DOU
272
DOU
intellect impaired by age, so that the mind wanders or
wavers ; to be silly. 2. To be excessively in love. 3.
To decay.
DOTE, v.i. To decay ; to wither ; to impair.
DoT'ED, a. Stupid. Spenser.
DoT'ER, n. 1. One who dotes ; a man whose understand-
ing is enfeebled by age ; a dotard. 2. One who is exces-
sively fond, or weakly in love.
DoTH. (duth) The third person in-egular of do, used in the
solemn style.
DoT'ING, ppr. Regarding with excessive fondness.
DoT'ING-LY, ado. By excessive fondness. Dryden.
IjOT'TARD, 7t. A tree kept low by cutting. Bacon.
DOT'TED, pp. 1. Marked with dots or small spots ; diver-
sified with small detached objects.— 2. In botany, sprinkled
with hollow dots or points.
DOT'TER-EL, n. The name of different species of fowls,
of the genus charadrius and the grallic order.
DOT'TING, ppr. Marking with dots or spots ; diversifying
with small detached objects.
DOU-A-NIER', K. [Fr.] An officer of the customs. Gray.
DOUB'LE, (dub'l) a. [Fr. double.] 1. Two of a sort to-
gether ; one corresponding to the other ; being in pairs.
2. Twice as much 5 containing the same quantity or
length repeated. 3. Having one added to another. 4.
Twofold 3 also, of two kinds. 5. Two in number. 6.
Deceitful j acting two parts, one openly, the other in
DOUB'LE, (dub'l) adv. Twice. Swift.
DOUB'LE, in compiosition, denotes two ways, or twice the
number or quantity.
DOUB'LE-BANKED, a. In seaman^Jup, having two oppo-
site oars managed by rowers on the same bench.
DOUB'LE-BlT'ING, a. Biting or cutting on either side.
DOUB'LE-BUT'TONED, a. Having two rows of buttons.
DOUB'LE-CHAR6E, v.t. To charge or intrust with a
double portion.
DOUB'LE-DkAL'ER, n. One who acts two different parts,
in the same business, or at the same time ; a deceitful,
trickish person j one who says one thing, and thinks or
intends another ; one guilty of duplicity.
DOUB'LE-DeAL ING, n. Artifice ; duplicity ; deceitful
practice ; the profession of ono thing and the practice of
another.
DOUB'LE-DYE, v. t. To dye twice over. Dryden.
DOUB'LE-EDGED, a. Having two edges.
DOUB'LE-EN-TEN'DRE, (doo'bl-on-fan'dr) m. [Fr,] Double
meaning of a word or expression.
DOUB'LE-E-?ED, a. Having a deceitful countenance.
DOUB'LE-FACE, n. Duplicity ; the acting of different parts
in the same concern.
DOUB'LE-FaCED, a. Deceitful ; hypocritical j showing
two faces. Milton.
DOUB'LE-FORMED, «. Of a mixed form. Milton.
DOUB'LE-FOR'TI-FiED, a. Twice fortified ; doubly
strengthened.
DOUB'LE-FOUNT'ED, a. Having two sources. Milton.
DOUB'LE-GILD, v. t. To gild with double coloring. Shak.
DOUB'LE-HAND'ED, a. Having two hands : deceitful.
DOUB'LE-HEAD'ED, a. 1. Having two heads. 2. Having
the flowers growing one to another. Mortimer.
DOUB'LE-HEART'ED, a. Having a false heart 5 deceitful ;
treacherous.
DOUB'LE-LOCK, v. t. To shoot the bolt twice ; to fasten
with double security. Tatler.
DOUB'LE-MANNED, a. Furnished with twice the com-
plement of men, or with two men instead of one.
DOUB'LE-MeAN'ING, a. Having two meanings.
DOUB'LE-MIND'ED, a. Having different minds at differ-
ent times ; unsettled ; wavering ; unstable ; undetermined.
DOUB'LE-MOUTHED, a. Having two mouths.
DOUB'LE-Na'TURED, a. Having a two-fold nature.
DOUB'LE-Oe'TAVE, n. In music, an interval com
of two octaves or fifteen notes in diatonic progression ; a
fifteenth.
DOUB'LE-PLeA, n. In law, a plea in which the defend-
ant alledges two different matters in bar of the action.
DOUB'LE-aUAR'REL, n. A complaint of a clerk to the
archbishop against an inferior ordinary, for delay of justice.
DOUB'LE-SHADE, v. t. To double the natural darkness of
a place. Milton.
DOUFLE-SHlN'ING, a. Shining with double lustre.
DOUB'LE-THREAD'ED, a. Consisting of two threads
twisted together.
DOUB'LE-ToNGUED, a. Making contrary declarations on
the same subject at different times ; deceitful.
DOUB'LE, (dub'l) ?). «. [Fr. doubler.] 1. To fold. 2. To
increase or extend by adding an equal sum, value, quan-
tity or length. 3. To contain twice the sum, quantity or
length, or twice as much. 4. To repeat ; to add, 5. To
add one to another in the same order. — C. In navigation,
to double a cape or point, is to sail round it, so that the
cape or point shall be between the ship and her former
situation, — 7. In military affairs, to unite two ranks or
files in one. — To double and twist, is to add one thread to
another and twist them together. — To double upon, in
tactics, is to inclose between two fires.
DOUB'LE, v.i. 1. To increase to twice the sum, number,
value, quantity or length ; to increase or grow to twice aa
much. 2. To enlarge a wager to twice the sum laid. 3
To turn back or wind in running. 4. To play tricks ; to
use sleights.
DOUB'LE, n. 1. Twice as much ; twice the number, sum,
value, quantity or length. 2. A turn in running to escape
pursuers. 3. A trick ; a shift ; an artifice to deceive.
DOUB'LED, (dub'bld) pp. Folded ; increased by adding an
equal quantity, sum or value ; repeated 5 turned or passed
round.
DOUB'LE-NESS, (dub'bl-nes) n. I. The state of being
doubled. 2. Duplicity.
DOUB'LER, r.. 1. He that doubles. 2. An instrument for
augmenting a very small quantity of electricity, so as to
render it manifest by sparks or the electrometer.
DOUB'LET, n. [Fr. doublet.] 1. The inner garment of a
man ; a waistcoat or vest. 2. Two ; a pair. 3. Among
lapidaries, a counterfeit stone.
DOUB'LE TS, 71. 1. A game on dice within tables. 2. The
same number on both dice. 3. A double meaning.
DOUB'LING, |7pr. Making twice the sum, number or quan-
tity ; repeating ; passing round ; turning to escape.
DOUB'LING, n. The act of making double ; also, a fold ;
a plait ; also, an artifice ; a shift.
DOUB-LOON', n. [Fr. doublon ; Sp. doblon.] A Spanish
and Portuguese coin, being double the value of the pistole.
DOUB'LY, adv. In twice the quantity j to twice the de-
gree.
DOUBT, (dout) V. i. [Fr. douter.] 1. To waver or fluctu-
ate in opinion ; to hesitate ; to be in suspense ; to be in
uncertainty, respecting the truth or fact ; to be undeter-
mined. 2. To fear ; to be apprehensive ; to suspect.
DOUBT, (dout) v.t. 1. To question, or hold questionable;
to withhold assent from ; to hesitate to believe. 2. To
fear ; to suspect. 3. To distrust ; to withhold confidence
from. 4. To fill with fear ; [obs.]
DOUBT, (dout) n. I. A fluctuation of mind respecting
truth or propriety, arising from defect of knowledge or
evidence ; uncertainty of mind ; suspense ; unsettled
state of opinion. 2. Uncertainty of condition. 3. Suspi-
cion; fear; apprehension. 4. Difficulty objected. 5.
Dread ; horror and danger ; [obs.]
DOUBT A-BLE, a. That may be d^oubted. Sherwood.
DOUBT'ED, pp. Scrupled ; questioned j not certain or set-
tled.
DOUBT'ER, n. One who doubts ; one whose opinion is un-
settled ; one who scruples.
DOUBT'FUL, a. 1. Dubious ; not settled in opinion ; un-
determined ; wavering ; hesitating. 2. Dubious ; ambig-
uous ; not clear in its meaning. 3. Admitting of doubt ;
not obvious, clear or certain ; questionable ; not decided.
4. Of uncertain issue. 5. Not secure ; suspicious. 6.
Not confident; not without fear; indicating doubt. 7.
Not certain or defined. Milton.
DOUBT'PUL-LY, adv. 1. In a doubtful manner ; dubious-
ly. 2. With doubt ; irresolutely. 3. Ambiguously ; with
uncertainty of meaning. 4. In a state of dread ; [obs.]
DOUBT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. A state of doubt or uncertainty
of mind ; dubiousness ; suspense ; instability of opinion.
2. Ambiguity ; uncertainty of meaning. 3. Uncertainty
of event or issue ; uncertainty of condition.
DOUBT'ING, ppr. Wavering in mind ; caUing in question ;
hesitating.
DOUBT'ING-LY, adv. In a doubting manner ; dubiously ;
without confidence.
t DOUBT'LESS, a. Free from fear of danger; secure.
DOUBT'LESS, adv. Without doubt or question; unques-
tionably.
DOUBT'LESS-LY, adv. Unquestionably. Beaumont.
t DOU'CED, 71. [Fr. douce.] A musical instrument.
t DOU'CET, n.- [Fr.] A custard.
bOU-CEuR', (doo-sure'j or doo-saur') n. [Fr.] A present
or gift ; a bribe.
DOU'CINE, 71. [Fr.] A molding concave above and convex
below ; a gula.
DOUOK'ER, 71. A fowl that dips or dives in water.
DoUGH, (do) 71. [Sax. dah.] Paste of bread ; a mass com-
posed of flour or meal moistened and kneaded, but not
baked. — My cake is dough, that is, my undertaking has
not come to maturity. Shak.
DoUGH'-BaKED, a. Unfinished ; not hardened to perfec-
tion ; soft, Donne.
DoUGH'-KNeAD'ED, a. Soft ; like dough. Milton.
DoUGH'-NUT, 71. A small roundish cake, made of flour,
eggs and sugar, moistened with milk and boiled in lard.
DOUGH'TI-NESS, (dou'te-nes) n. Valor; bravery.
DOUGH'TY, (dou'ty) a. [Sax. dohtig.] Brave; valiant;
eminent ; noble ; illustrious.
DoUGH'Y, (do'y) a. Like dough ; soft ; yielding to pres-
sure ; pale.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
DOW
273
DRA
nuUSE, V. t. 1. To thrust or plunge into water.— 9. In
seamen^s language, to strike or lower in haste j to slacken
suddenly ; as, douse tlie top-sail.
DOUSE, v_. i. To fall suddenly into water. Hiidlhras.
DOUT, V, t. To put out 5 to extinguish. Shah.
DOUT'ER, 71. An extinguisher for candles.
DoU'ZeAVE, (doo'zeve) n. [Fr. doute.] In music, a scale
of twelve degrees.
D6VE, n. [Sax. duua.'\ 1. The cenas, or domestic pigeon,
a species of columba. 2. A word of endearment, or an
emblem of innocence.
D6VE'-€OT, n. A small buUding or box in which domestic
pigeons breed.
DoVE'SUFOOT, n. A plant, a species of geranium.
DoVE'-HOlJSE, n. A house or shelter for doves.
DoVE'LIKE, a. Resembling a dove. Milton.
D6VBSH1P, n. The qualities of a dove. Hall.
D6VE-TAIL, n. In carpentry, the manner of fastening
boards and timbers together by letting one piece into an-
other in the form of a dove's tail spread, or wedge re-
versed.
DoVE'-TAIL, V. t. To unite by a tenon in form of a
pigeon's tail spread, let into aboard or timber.
DoVE'-TaILED, pp. United by a tenon in form of a dove's
tail.
DoVE'-TaIL-ING, ppr. Uniting by a dove-tail.
t DoV'ISH, a. Like a dove ; innocent.
boW'A-BLE, a. That may be endowed ; entitled to dower.
DOW'A-GER, n. [Fr. douairiere.] A widow with a join-
ture ; a title particularly given to the w^idows of princes
and persons of rank. The widow of a king is called queen
dowager.
DOW'CETS, n. The testicles of a hart or stag.
DOWDY, n. [Scot, dawdie.] An awkward, ill-dressed, in-
elegant woman. Dryden.
DOWDY, a. Awkward. Gay.
DOWER, n. [W. dawd.} I. That portion of the lands or
tenements of a man, which his widow enjoys during her
life, after the death of her husband. 2. The property
which a woman brings to her husband in marriage. 3.
The gift of a husband for a wife. 4. Endowment ; gift.
DOWERED, a. Furnished with dower, or a portion.
DOWER-LESS, a. Destitute of dower. Shak.
DOWER-Y, or DOWRY. A different spelling of dower,
but little used.
DOWLAS, n. A kind of coarse linen cloth. Shak.
t DOWLE, n. A feather. Shak.
DOWLY, a. Melancholy ; sad ; applied to persons ; lonely,
to places. Orose. JYurth of England. Sometimes written
and spoken, daly.
DOWN, 71. [Sw. dun.] 1. The fine soft feathers of fowls,
particularly of the duck kind. 2. The pubescence of
plants, a fine hairy substance. 3. The pappus or little
crown of certain seeds of plants ; a fine feathery or hairy
substance, by which seeds are conveyed to a distance by
the wind. 4. Any thing that soothes or mollifies.
DOWN, n. [Sax. dun.] I. A bank or elevation of sand,
thrown up by the sea. 2. A large open plain, primarily
on elevated land.
DOWN, prep. [Sax. dun, adun.] 1. Along a descent ; from
a higher to a lower place. 2. Toward the mouth of a
river, or toward the place where water is discharged into
the ocean or a lake. — Down the sound, in the direction of
the ebb-tide towards the sea. — Down the country, towards
the sea, cr towards the pai-t where rivers discharge their
waters into the ocean.
DOWN, adv. 1. In a descending direction ; tending from a
higher to a lower place. 2. On the ground, or at the bot-
tom. 3. Below the horizon. 4. In the direction from a
higher to a lower condition. 5. Into disrepute or dis-
grace. 6. Into subjection ; into a due consistence. 7. At
length ; extended or prostrate, on the ground or on any
flat surface. — Up and doion, here and there ; in a rambling
course. — Doion with a building is a command to pull it
down, to demolish it. — Down with him signifies, throw
him. — It is often used by seamen ; as, down with the fore
sail, &c.
DOWN, a. Downright ; plain ; dejected ; as, a down look.
DOWN'-BED, n. A bed of down.
DOW N'-C AST, a. Cast downward ; directed to the ground.
tDOWN'-€AST, n. Sadness; melancholy look.
D0WN'€6ME, n. A fall of rain ; a fall in the market.
Brockett. Provincial.
DOWNED, a. Covered or stuffed with down. Young.
DOWN'FALL, n. 1. A falling, or body of things. falling.
2. Ruin ; destruction ; a sudden fall, or ruin by violence,
in distinction from slow decay or declension. 3. The
sudden fall, depression or ruin of reputation or estate.
DOWN'F ALLEN, a. Fallen ; ruined. Carew.
D0WN'6yVED, a. Hanging down like the loose cincture
of fetters. Steevens.
DOWN'-HAUL, n. In seamen's ZaTJ^wao'e, a rope passing
along a stay, through the cringles of the stav-sail or jib.
DOWN'HEaRT-ED, a. Dejected in spirits. '
DOWN'HILL, n. Declivity ; descent ; slope. Dryden.
DOWN'HILL, a. Declivous ; descending ; sloping.
DOWN'LOOKED, a. Having a downcast countenance,
dejected ; gloomy ; sullen.
DOWN'LY-ING, n. The time of retiring to rest ; tune of
repose.
DOWN'LY-ING, a. About to be in travail of childbirth.
Johnson.
DOWN'RIGHT, adv. 1. Right down ; straight down ; per-
pendicularly. 2. In plain terms ; without ceremony or
circumlocution. 3. Completely ; without stopping short.
DOWN'RiGHT, a. 1. Directly to the point ; plain ; open ■
artless ; undisguised. 2. Plain ; artless ; unceremon lous ,
blunt.
DOWN'RTGHT-LY, aiftJ. Plainly; in plam terms ; bluntly
DOWN'RiGHT-NESS, n. Plainness ; absence of disguise.
Qomersall.
DOWN -SIT-TING, n. The act of sitting down; repose ^
a resting.
DOWN'TROD, ) a. Trodden down ; trampled down
DOWN'TROD-DEN, \ Shak.
DOWN'WARD, or DOWN'WARDS, adv. 1. From a high-
er place to a lower ; in a descending course, whether di-
rectly toward the centre of the earth, or not. 2. In a
course or direction from a head, spring, origin or source
3. In a course of lineal descent from an ancestor, consid-
ered as a head. 4. In the course of falling or descending
from elevation or distinction.
DOWN'WARD, a. I. Moving or extending from a higher
to a lower place, as on a slope or declivity, or in the open
air ; tending towards the earth or its centre. 2. Decliv-
ous; bending. 3. Descending from a head, origin or
source. 4. Tending to a lower condition or state ; de-
pressed ; dejected.
DOWN'WEED, n. Cottonweed, a downy plant.
DOWN'Y, a. 1. Covered with down or nap. 2. Covered
with pubescence or soft hairs, as a plant. 3. Made of
down or soft feathers. 4. Soft ; calm ; soothing. 5. Re-
sembling down.
DOWRE. The same as dowry.
DOWRY, n. [See Dower.] 1. The money, goods or estate
which a woman brings to her husband in marriage ; the
portion given with a wife 2. The reward paid for a
wife. 3. A gift ; a fortune given.
t DOWSE, V. t. [Sw. daska.] To strike on the face.
t DOWST, n. A stroke. Beaumont.
DOX-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to doxology ; giving
praise to God. Howell.
DOX-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ^o|oXoy£a.] In Christian worship, a.
hymn in praise of the Almighty ; a particular form of giv-
ing glory to God.
DOX'Y, n. [qu. Sw. docka.] A prostitute. Shak.
DOZE, v.i. [Dan. (Zoser.J 1. To slumber ; to sleep lightly.
2. To live in a state of drowsiness ; to be dull, or half
asleep.
DOZE, V. t. To make dull ; to stupefy.
DoZ'EN, (duz'n) a. [Fr. douzaine.] Twelve in number;
applied to things of the same kind, but rarely or never to
that number in the abstract.
DoZ'EN, 71. The number twelve of things of a like kind
DoZ'ER, n. One that dozes or slumbers.
DoZ'I-NESS, n. Drowsmess; heaviness; inclination to
sleep.
DoZ'ING, ppr. Slumbering.
DoZ'ING, n. A slumbering; sluggishness. Chesterfield.
DoZ'Y, a. Drowsy ; heavy ; inclined to sleep ; sleepy ;
sluggish. Dryden.
DRAB, 71. [Sax. drabbe.] 1. A strumpet; a prostitute. Shak
2. A low, sluttish woman. 3. A kind of wooden box,
used in salt works for holding the salt when taken out of
the boiling pans.
DRAB, 71. nPr. drap.] A kind of thick woolen cloth.
DRAB, a. Being of a du)i color, like the cloth so called.
DRAB, v.i. To associate with strumpets. Beaumont.
DRAB'BING, ppr. Keeping company with lewd women.
DRAB'BING, n. An associating with strumpets. Beaumont.
DRAB'BLE, v. t. To draggle ; to make dirty by drawing in
mud and water ; to wet and befoul. JVew England.
DRAB'BLE, v. i. To fish for barbels with a long line.
DRAB'BLING, a. Drawing in mud or water ; angling for
barbels.
DRAB'BLING, n. A method of angling for barbels.
DRAB'LER, n. In seamen's language, a small additional
sail, sometimes laced to the bottom of a bonnet on a
square sail.
DRACHM. See Drachma, and Dram.
DRACH'MA, 71. [L.] 1. A Grecian coin, of the value of
seven pence, three farthings, sterling, or nearly fourteen
cents. 2. The eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains, or
three scruples ; a weight used by apothecaries, but usually
written dram.
DRa'CO, n. 1. In astronomy, a constellation of the northern
hemisphere. 2. A luminous exhalation from marshy
grounds. 3. A genus of animals of two species.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;
18
-BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
DRA
274
DllA
i;E,A-€ON'Tie, a, [L. draco.] In astronormj, belonging to |
that space of time in which the moon performs one entire
revolution.
DEA-€UN'€U-LUS, n. 1. In botany, a plant, a species of
arum. — 2, In medicine, a long, slender worm, bred in the
muscular parts of the arms and legs, called Guinea worm.
t DRAD, a. Terrible. This was also the old pret. oi dread.
DRAFF, 71. [D. draf, droef.] Refuse ; lees ; dregs ; the
wash given to swine, or grains to cows ; waste matter.
Dry den.
DRAF'FISH, a. Worthless.
DRAF'FY, a. Dreggy ; waste ; worthless.
DRAFT, n. [corrupted from draught.] 1. A drawing. In
this sense, draught is perhaps most common. 2 A draw-
ing of men from a military band ; a selecting or detaching
of soldiers from an army, or any part of it, cr from a
military post. 3. An order from one man to another di-
recting the payment of money ; a bill of exchange. 4. A
drawingof lines for a plan; a figure described on paper;
delineation ; sketch 5 plan delineated. 5. Depth of water
necessary to float a ship. 6. A writing composed. See
Draught.
DRAFT, V. t. 1, To draw the outline ; to delineate. 9. To
compose and write ; as, to draft a memorial or a lease.
3. To draw men from a military band or post ; to select ;
to detach. 4. To draw men from any company, collec-
tion or society.
DRAFT'-HORSE, n. A horse employed in drawing, par-
ticularly in drawing heavy loads, or in ploughing.
DRAFT'-OX, n. An ox employed in drawing.
DRAFT'ED, ji.p. Drawn ; delineated ; detached.
DRAFT'ING, ppr. Drawing ; delineating ; detachuig.
DRAFTS, n. A game played on checkers.
DRAG, V. t. [Sax. dragan.] 1. To pull ; to haul ; to drav/
along the ground by main force ; applied particularly to
drawing heavy things with labor, along the g»round or
other surface. 2. To break land by drawing a drag or
harrow over it ; to harrow. 3. To draw along slowly or
heavily; to draw any thing burdensome. 4. To draw
along in contempt, as unworthy to be carried. 5. To pull
or haul about roughly and forcibly. — In seamen^s lan-
guage, to drag an anchor, is to draw or trail it along the
bottom when loosened, or when the anchor will not hold
the ship.
DRAG, V. i. I. To hang so low as to trail on the ground.
2. To fish with a drag. 3. To be drawn along ; as, the
anchor drags. 4. To be moved slowly ; to proceed heav-
ily. 5. To hang or grate on the floor, as a door.
DRAG, n. 1. Something to be drawn along the ground, as
a net or a hook. 2. A particular kind of harrow. 3. A
car ; a low cart. — 4. in sea-language, a machine consist-
ing of a sharp square frame of iron, encircled with a net.
5. Whatever is drawn ; a boat in tow ; whatever serves
to retard a ship's way.
DRAGGED, pp. Drawn on the ground ; drawn with labor
or force ; drawn along slowly and heavily ; raked with a
drag or harrow.
DRAG 'GING, ppr. Drawing on the ground ; drawing with
labor or by force ; drawing slowly or heavily ; raking
with a drag,
DRAG'GLE, v. t. To wet and dirty by drawing on the
ground or mud, or on wet grass ; to drabble.
DRAG'GLE, v. i. To be drawn on the ground ; to become
wet or dirty by being drawn on the mud or wet grass.
DRAG'GLE-TAIL, n. A slut. Sherwood.
DRAG'GLED, pp. Drawn o)i the ground ; wet or dirtied by
being drawn on the ground or mire.
DRAG'GLING, ppr. Drawing on the ground ; making dirty
by drawing on the ground or wet grass.
DRAG'MAN, n, A fisherman that uses a drag-net.
DRAG'-NET, n. A net to be drawn on the bottom of a river
or pond for taking fish. Dryden.
DRAG'0-MAN, DRoG'MAN, n. [It. dragomanno.] An in.-
terpreter ; a term in general use in the Levant and other
parts nfthe East.
DRAG'ON, n. [L. draco.] 1. A kind of winged serpent
much celebrated in the romances of the middle ages. 2.
A fiery, shooting meteor, or imaginary serpent. 3. A
fierce, violent person, male or female. 4. A constellation
of the northern hemisphere. [See Draco.]— In Scripture,
dragon seems sometimes to signify a large marine fish or
serpent.
DRAG'ON, n. A genus of animals, the draco.
DRAG'0-NET, n. 1. A little dragon. Spenser. 2. A fish
with a slender round body.
DRAG'ON-FISH, n. A species of trachinus.
DRAG'ON-FLY, n. A genus of insects, the libella.
DRAG'ON-ISH, a. In the form of a dragon ; dragonlike.
DRAG'ON-LIKE, a. Like a dragon ; fiery ; furious.
DRAG'ONS, n. A genus of plants, the dracontium.
DRAG'ON 'S-BL60D, n. [Sax. dracan-blod.] A resinous
substance, or red juice, extracted from the dracaina
draco.
DRAG'ON'S-HEAD, n. A genus of plants, the dracoceph-
alum. — Dragun^s Head and Tail, in astronomy, are tli
nodes of the planets.
DRAG'ON-SHELL, n, A species of eoncamerated patella
or limpet.
DRAG'ON'S-WA'TER, n. A plant, the African arum.
DRAG'0N'S-W6RT, n. A plant, a species of artemisia.
DRAG'ON-TREE, ji. A species of palm.
DRA-GOON', n. [Fr. dragon.] A soldier or musketeer who
serves on horseback or on foot, as occasion may require
Their arms are a sword, a musket and a bayonet.
DRA-GOON', V. t. 1. To persecute by abandoning a place
to the rage of soldiers. 2. To enslave or reduce to subjec-
tion by soldiers. 3. To harass; to persecute; toccmpe.
to submit by violent measures ; to force.
DRAG-OON-aDE', 71. The abandoning of a place to the
rage of soldiers. Burnet.
DRA-GOON'ED, (dra-goond') pp. Abandoned to the vio-
lence of soldiers; persecuted; harassed.
DRA-GOON'ING, ppr. Abandoning to the rage of soldiers
persecuting ; harassing ; vexing.
fDRAIL, V. t. To trail. More.
t DRAIL, V. i. To draggle. South.
DRAIN, V. t. [Sax. drehnigean.] 1. To filter ; to cause to
pass througli some porous substance. 2. To empiy or
clear of liquor, by causing the liquor to drop or run otf
slowly, 3. To make dry ; to exhaust of water or other
liquor, by causing it to tlow off in channels, or through
porous substances, 4, To empty ; to exhaust ; to drav/
off gradually.
DRAIN, v.i. ]. To flow off gradually. 2. To be emptied
of liquor by flowing or dropping ; as, let the vessel stand
and drain ; let the cloth hang and drain.
DRAIN, 71. A channel through which water or other liquid
flows off; particularly, a trench or ditch to convey water
from wet land ; a water-course ; a sewer ; a sink.
DRaIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being drained. Sherwood.
DRaIN'A6E, 71. A draining ; a gradual flowing off of any
liquid.
DRAINED, pp. Emptied of water or other liquor by a grad-
ual discharge, flowing or dropping ; exhausted ; drawn off
DRaIN'ING, ppr. Emptying of water or other liquor by fil-
tration or flowing in small channels.
DRAKE, n. [G. e7Uerich.] 1. The male of the duck kind
2. [L, draco, dragon.] A small piece of artillery, 3, The
drake-fly.
DRAM, n. [contracted from drachm,a-] 1, Among dmg-
gists and physicians, a weight of the eighth part of an
ounce, or sixty grains,— In avoirdupois weight, the six-
teenth part of an ounce, 2. A small quantity. 3. As
much spirituous liquor as is drank at once. Swift. 4.
Spirit ; distilled liquor.
DRAM, V. i. To drink drams ; to indulge in the use of ar-
dent spirit. [j2 low 7jjord.]
DRAM'-DRINK-ER, n. One who habitually drinks spirits.
^DRA'MA, or DRa'MA, n. [Gr. Spajxa.] A poem or compo-
sition representing a picture of human life, and acconnno-
dated to action. The principal species of the drama are
tragedy and comedy; inferior species are tragi-comedy,
opera, &c.
DRA-MAT'I€, )a. Pertaining to the drama; represent-
DRA-MAT'I€-AL, ) ed by action ; theatrical ; not narra-
tive.
DRA-MAT'ie-AL-LY, adv. By representation ; in the man-
ner of the drama. Dryden.
DRAM'A-TIST, n. The author of a dramatic composition ;
a writer of plays. Burnet.
DRAM'A-TiZE, v. t. To compose in the form of the drama •
or to give to a composition the form of a play.
DRANK, pret. aiidj'p. of drink.
DRANK, 71. A term for wild oats. Encyc.
t DRAPE, V. t. [Fr, draper.] To make cloth ; also, to ban-
ter.
DRa'PER, 71. [Fr. drapler.] One who sells cloth; a dealer
in cloths.
DRa PER-Y, 71. [Fr. draperie.] 1. Clothwork ; the trade
of making cloth. 2. Cloth; stuffs of wool.— 3. In sculp-
ture and painting, the representation of the clothing o*.
dress of human figures; also, tapestry, hangings, cur-
tains, &c.
t DRa'PET, n. Cloth ; coverlet,
DRAS'TIC, a. [Gr. dpaariKog.] Powerful ; acting with
strength or violence ; efficacious.
DRAUGH. See Draff.
DRAUGHT, (draft) n. 1. The act of drawing. 2, The
quality of being drawn. 3. The drawing of liquor into
tlie mouth and throat ; the act of drinking. 4. The quan-
tity of liquor drank at once. 5 The act of delineating, or
that which is delineated ; a representation by lines, as the
figure of a house, a machine, a fort, &c., described on pa-
per. 6, Representation by picture ; figure painted or
drawn by the pencil, 7. The act of drawing a net ; a
sweeping for fish. 8. That which is taken by sweeping
with a net, 9, The drawing or bending of a bow ; the
* See Synopsis A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.- -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; - f Obsolete
PliA
275
DRE
act of shooting with a bow and arrow. 10. The act of
drawing men from a military band, army or post j also,
the forces drawn ; a detachment. [See Draft.] 11. A
sink or drain. Matt. xv. 12. An order for the payment
of money ; a bill of exchange. [See Draft.] 13. The
depth of water necessary to float a ship, or the depth a
ship sinks in water, especially when laden. 14. In E7ig-
land, a small allowance on weighable goods, made by the
king to the importer, or by the seller to the buyer, to in-
sm-e full weight. 15. A sudden attack or drawing on an
enemy. 16. A writing composed. 17. Draughts, a. kind
of game resembling chess.
DRAUGHT, (draft) v. t. To draw out ; to call forth. See
Draft.
DRAUGHT'-HQOKS, n. Large hooks of iron fixed on the
cheeks of a cannon carriage, two on each side.
DRAUGHT' -HORSE, n. A horse used in drawing a
plough, cart or other carriage, as distinguished from a
saddle-horse.
DRAUGHT -HOUSE, n. A house for the reception of filth
or waste matter.
DRAUGHTS'MAN, (drafts'man) n. 1. A man who draws
writings or designs, or one who is skilled in such draw-
ings. 2. One who drinks drams ; a tippler.
t DRAVE. The old participle of drive ; now drove.
DRAW, V. t. ; pret. dreio ; pp. drawn. [Sax. dragan ; L.
traho.'] 1. To pull along ; to haul ; to cause to move for-
ward by force applied in advance of the thing moved, or
at the fore-end, as by a rope or chain. 2. To pull out ; to
unsheathe. Hence, to draio the sword, is to wage war. 3.
To bring by compulsion ; to cause to come. 4. To pull
up or out 5 to raise from any depth. 5. To suck. 6. To
attract ; to cause to move or tend towards itself. 7. To
. attract ; to cause to turn towards itself ; to engage. 8. To
inhale ; take air into the lungs. 9. To pull or take from
a spit. 10. To take from a cask or vat ; to cause or to
suffer a liquid to run out. 11. To take a liquid from the
body 5 to let out. 12. To take from an oven. 13. To
cause to slide, as a curtain, either in closing or unclosing ;
to open or undlose and discover, or to close and conceal.
14. To extract. 15. To produce ; to bring, as an agent or
efficient cause. 16. To move gradually or slowly j to
extend. 17. To lengthen ; to extend in length. 18. To
utter in a lingering manner. 19. To run or extend, by
marking or forming. 20. To represent by lines drawn on
a plain surface ; to form a picture or image. 21. To de-
scribe ; to represent by words. 22. To represent in fan-
cy ; to image in the mind. 23. To derive ; to have or re-
ceive from some source, cause or donor. 24. To deduce.
25. To allure ; to entice ; to lead by persuasion or moral
influence ; to excite to motion. 26. To lead, as a motive ;
to induce to move. 27. To induce ; to persuade ; to at-
tract towards 28. To win ; to gain. Shalt. 29. To re-
ceive or take, as from a fund. 30. To bear ; to produce.
31. To extort ; to force out. 32. To wrest ; to distort.
33. To compose ; to write in due form ; to form in writing.
34. To take out of a box or wheel, as tickets in a lottery.
35. To receive or gain by drawing. 36. To extend ; to
stretch. 37. To sink into the water ; or to require a cer-
tain depth of water for floating. 38. To bend. 39. To
eviscerate ; to pull out the bowels. 40. To withdraw 5
[not used.'] Shale.
To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for ex-
portation. — To draw in. 1. To collect ; to apply to any
purpose by violence. 2. To contract ; to pull to a smaller
compass ; to pull back. 3. To entice, allure or inveigle.
— To draw off. 1. To draw from or away ; also, to with-
draw ; to abstract. 2. To draw or take from ; to cause to
flow from. 3. To extract by distillation. — To draw on.
1. To allure ; to entice ; to persuade or cause to follow.
2. To occasion; to invite 5 to bring on; to cause. — To
draw over. 1. To raise, or cause to come over, as in a
still. 2. To persuade or induce to revolt from an oppos-
ing party, and to join one's own party. — To draw out. 1.
To lengthen ; to stretch by force ; to extend. 2. To beat
or hammer out ; to extend or spread by beating, as a met-
al. 3. To lengthen in time ; to protract ; to cause to con-
tinue. 4. To cause to issue forth ; to draw off; as liquor
from a cask. 5. To extract, as the spirit of a substance.
6. To bring forth ; to pump out by questioning or address ;
to cause to be declared or brought to light. 7. To induce
by motive ; to call forth. 8. To detach ; to separate from
the main body. 9. To range in battle ; to array in aline. —
To draiD together, to collect or be collected. — To draw up.
1. To raise ; to lift ; to elevate. 2. To form in order of
battle ; to array. 3. To compose in due form, as a writ-
ing ; to forjn in writing.
DRAW, V. i. 1. To pull ; to exert strength in drawing. 2.
To act as a weight. 3. To shrink; to contract into a
smaller compass. 4. To move ; to advance. 5. To be
filled or inflated with wind, so as to press on and advance
a ship in her course. 6. To unsheathe a sword. 7. To
use or practice the art of delineating figures. 8. To col-
lect the matter of an ulcer or abscess ; to cause to suppu-
rate ; to excite to inflammation, maturation and dis-
charge.
To draw back. 1. To retire ; to move back ; to withdraw .
2. To renounce the faith ; to apostatize.— To draw near
or nigh, to approach ; to come near — To draw off, to re-
tire ; to retreat.-^ yo draw on. 1 To advance; to ap-
proach. 2. To gain on ; to approach in pursuit. 3. To
demand payment by an order or bUI, called a draught.—
To draw up, to form in regular order.
DRAW, rt. 1. The act of drawing. 2. The lot or chance
drawn.
DRAW'A-BLB, a. That may be drawn. More.
DRAWBACK, n. Money or an amount paid back or remit-
ted. — 2. In n. popular sense, any loss of advantage, or de*
duction from profit.
DRAW-BRIDGE, n. A bridge which may be drawn up or
let down to admit or hinder communication.
DRAW'-NET, n. A net for catching the larger sorts of
fowls, made of pack-thread, with wide meshes.
DRAW'-WELL, n. A deep well, from which water is
drawn by a long cord or pole.
DRAWEE, n. The person on whom an order or bill of ex-
change is drawn ; the payer of a bill of exchange.
DRAWER, 71. 1. One who draws or pulls'; one who takes
water from a well ; one who draws liquors from a cask.
2. That which draws or attracts, or has the power of at-
traction. 3. He who draws a bill of exchange or an order
for the payment of money. 4. A sliding box in a case or
table, which is drawn at pleasure. 5. Drawers, in the
plural, a close, under garment, worn on the lower Ihnbs.
DRAWING, ppr. Pulling; hauling; attracting; delineat-
ing.
DRAWING, n. 1. The act of pulling, hauling or attracting.
2. The act of representing the appearance or figures of ob-
jects on a plain surface, by means of lines and shades, as
with a pencil, crayon, pen, compasses, &c. 3 delineation.
DRAW'ING-x^IaS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of
drawing.
DRAW'iNG-ROOM, n. 1. A room appropriated for the re-
ception of company ; a room in which distinguished per-
sonages hold levees, or private persons receive parties.
2. The company assembled in a drawing room.
DRAWL, V. t. [D. draalen.] To utter words in a slow,
lengthened tone.
DRAWL, V. i. To speak with slow utterance.
DRAWL, n. A lengthened utterance of the voice.
DRAWL'ING, ppr. Uttering words slowly.
DRAWN, pp. 1. Pulled; hauled; allured; attracted; de-
lineated ; extended ; extracted ; derived ; deduced ;
written. 2. Equal, where each party takes his own
stake. 3. Having equal advantage, and neither party a
victory. 4. With a sword drawn. 5. Moved aside, as a
curtain ; unclosed, or closed. 6. Eviscerated. 7. In-
duced, as by a motive. — Drawn and quartered, drawn on
a sled, and cut into quarters.
DRAY, n. [Sax. drmge.'] 1. A low cart or carriage on
wheels, drawn by a horse. 2. A sled.
DRaY'-€ART, n. A dray.
DRaY'-HORSE, 71. A horse used for drawing a dray.
DRaY'-MAN, 71. A man who attends a dray.
DRaY'-PLOUGH, n. A particular kind of plough.
DRAZ'EL, (draz'l) n. A dirty woman; a slut. [This is a
vulgar word ; in J^ew England pronounced drot'Ll
DREAD, (dred) n. [Sax. draad.'] 1. Great feai- or apprehen-
sion of evil or danger. 2. Awe ; fear united with respect
3. Terror. 4. The cause of fear ; the person or the thing
dreaded.
DREAD, (dred) a. Exciting great fear or apprehension
Shak. 2. Terrible ; frightful. Shak. 3. Awful ; venera-
ble in the highest degree.
DREAD, (dred) v. t. To fear in a great degree.
DREAD, V. i. To be in great fear.
DREAD' A-BLE, a. That is to be dreaded.
DREAD ED, pp. Feared.
DREAD'ER, n. One that fears, or lives in fear. Swift.
DREADFUL, (dred'ful) a. 1. Impressing great fear ; terri-
ble ; formidable. 2. Awful ; venerable
DREAD'FUL-LY, adv. Terriblv ; m a manner to be dread-
ed. "
DREAD'FUL-NESS, n. Terribleness ; the quality of being
dreadful ; frightful n ess.
DREAD'LESS, a. Fearless ; bold ; not intimidated , un-
daunted ; free from fear or terror; intrepid.
DREAD'LESS-NESS, n. Fearlessness; undauntedness ,
freedom from fear or terror ; boldness.
DReAM, n. [D. droom.] 1. The thought or series of
thoughts of a person in sleep. — 2. In Scripture, dreams
were sometimes impressions on the minds of sleeping per-
sons, made by divine agency. 3. A vain fancy ; a wild
conceit; an unfounded suspicion.
DReAM, v. i. ; pret. dreamed, or dreamt. [D. droomen.] 1
To have ideas or images in the mind, in the state of sleep
2. To think ; to imagine. 3. To think idly. 4. To be
sluggish ; to waste time in vain thoughts.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNIT^ — € as K , 6 as J ; S as Z , CH as SH ; TH aa in this, f Obsolete.
DRl
276
DRI
DREAM, I t. To see in a dream Dryden.
DRkAM ER, n. 1 One who dreams. 2. A fanciful man ;
a visionary ; one wlio forms or entertains vain schemes.
3,_A man lost in w^ild imagination ; a mope ; a sluggard.
DReAM'FTJL, a. Full of dreams. Johnson.
DReAM'ING, ppr. Having thoughts or ideas in sleep.
DReAM'ING-LY, adw. Sluggishly; negligently. Huloet.
DReAM'LESS, a. Free from dreams. Camden.
DREAMT, (dremt) pp. From dream.
t DReAR, 71. Dread ; dismalness. Spenser.
DREAR, a. [Sax. dreorig.] Dismal ; gloomy with solitude.
t DReAR'I-HEAD, n. Dismalness ; gloominess. Spenser.
DReAR"I-LY, adv. Gloomily ; dismally. Spenser.
\ DReAR I-MENT, n. Dismalness ; terror.
DReAR'I-NESS, 71. Dismalness ; gloomy solitude.
DReAR'Y, a. [Sax. dreorig.] 1. Dismal; gloomy. 2.
Sorrowful ; distressing.
DREDGE, n. [Fr. drege.] 1. A dragnet for taking oysters,
&c. 2. A mixture of oats and barley sown together.
DREDGE, V. t To take, catch or gather with a dredge.
DREDGE, V. t. To sprinkle flour on roast meat.
DREDG'ER, n. One who fishes with a dredge -, also, an
utensil for scattering flour on meat while roasting.
DREDG'ING-BOX^ n. A box used for dredging meat.
DREDG'ING-MA-CHiNE , n. An engine used to take up
mud or gravel from the bottom of rivers, docks, &c.
t DREE, V. t. [Sax. dreah.] To suffer. Ray.
DREE, a. Long in continuance ; tedious. JVorth of Eng-
land.
DREG-GI-NESS, n. Fullness of dregs or lees ; foulness ;
feculence.
DREG GISH, a. Full of dregs ; foul with lees ; feculent.
DREG'GY, a. Containing dregs or lees ; consisting of dregs ;
foul ; muddy ; feculent.
DREGS, n. plu. [Sw. dr^gg.] 1. The sediment of liquors ;
lees ; grounds ; feculence ; any foreign matter of liquors
that subsides to the bottom of a vessel. 2. Waste or
worthless matter ; dross ; sweepings ; refuse.
DREIN. See Drain.
DRENCH, V. t. [Sax. drencean.] 1. To wet thoroughly ;
to soak ; to fill or cover with water or other liquid. 2. To
saturate with drink. 3. To purge violently.
DRENCH, n. A draught ; a swill ; also, a portion of medi-
cine to purge a beast, particularly a horse.
DRENCHED, pp. Soaked ; thoroughly wet ; purged with a
dose.
DRENCH'ER, n. One who wets or steeps ; one who gives
a drench to a beast.
DRENCH'ING, ppr. Wetting thoroughly; soaking; pur-
ging-
tDRENT, pp. Drenched. Spenser.
DRESS, V. t. ; pret. and pp. dressed, or drest. [Fr. dresser.]
1. To make straight or a straight line ; to adjust to a right
line. 2. To adjust ; to put in good order. 3. To put in
good order, as a wounded limb ; to cleanse a wound, and
to apply medicaments. 4. To prepare, in a general
sense ; to put in the condition desired ; to make suitable
or fit. 5. To curry, rub and comb. 6. To put the body
in order, or in a suitable condition ; to put on clothes. 7.
To put on rich garments ; to adorn ; to deck ; to embel-
lish. — To dress up, is to clothe pompously or elegantly.
DRESS, V. i. 1. To arrange in a line. 2. To pay particular
regard to dress or raiment.
DRESS, n. 1. That which is used as the covering or orna-
ment of the body ; clothes ; garments ; habit. 2. A suit
of clothee. 3. Splendid clothes ; habit of ceremony. 4.
Skill in adjusting dress, or the practice of wearing elegant
clothing.
DRESSED, pp. Adjusted; made straight; put in order;
prepared ; trimmed ; tilled ; clothed ; adorned ; attired.
DRESS'ER, n. 1. One who dresses ; one who is employed
in putting on clothes and adorning another ; one who is
employed in preparing, trimming or adjusting any thing.
2. [Fr. dressoir.] A side-board ; a table or bench on
which meat and other things are dressed or prepared for
iiae.
DRESS'ING, ppf. Adjusting to a line ; putting in order ;
preparing ; clothing ; embellishing ; cultivating.
DRESS'ING, n. 1. Raiment ; attire. B. Jonson. 2. That
which is used as an application to a wound or sore. 3.
That which is used in preparing land for a crop ; manure
spread over land. — 4. In popular language, correction ; a
flo2gin;i, or beating.
DRES'S'ING-ROOM, n. An appartment appropriated for
dressing the person.
DRESS'-aiA-KER, n. A maker of gowns, or similar gar-
ments ; a mantua-maker.
DRESS'Y, a. Showy in dress; wearing rich or showy
dresses.
DREST, pp. of dress.
DREuL, V. i. To emit saliva ; to suffer saliva to issue and
flow down from the mouth.
DRIB, V. t. To crop or cut off ; to defalcate. Dryden.
DRIB, n. A drop. Smft. 4I»
piece or part ; a small
DRIB'BLE, V. i. 1. To fall in drops or small drops, or in a
quick succession of drops. 2. To slaver as a child or an
idiot. 3. To fall weakly and slowly.
DRIB'BLE, •!;. t. To throw down in drops. Swift.
DRIB'BLET, n. [W. rhib.] A smaU piece or par
sum ; odd money in a sum.
DRIB'BLING, ppr Falling in drops or small drops.
DRIB'BLING, n. A falling in drof^.
DRIED, pp. of dry. Free from moisture or sap.
DRi'ER, n. That which has the quality of drying ; that
v/hich may expel or absorb moisture ; a desiccative.
DRIFT, n. [Dan. dnft.] 1. That which is driven by wind
or water. 2. A heap of any matter driven together. 3
A driving ; a force impelling or urging forwai-d ; impulse ;
overbearing power or influence. 4. Coui-se of any thing ;
tendency ; aim ; main force. 5. Any thing driven by
force. 6. A shower ; a number of things driven at once.
—7. In mining, a passage cut between shafl and shaft ; a
passage within the earth. — 8. In navigation, the angle
which the line of a ship's motion makes with the nearest
meridian, when she drives with her side to the wind and
waves. 9. The drift of a current is its angle emd velocity
DRIFT, V. i. 1. To accumulate in heaps by the force of
wind; to be driven into heaps. 2. To float or be driven
along by a current of water.
DRIFT, V. t. To drive into heaps.
DRIFT'ED, pp. Driven along ; driven into heaps.
DRIFT'ING, ppr. Driving by force ; driving into heaps.
DRIFT'-SAIL, 71. In navigation, a sail used under water,
veered out right ahead by sheets.
DRIFT'- WAY, 71. A common way for driving cattle in.
DRIFT'- WIND, n. A driving wind ; a wind that drives
things into heaps.
DRILL, V. t. [Sax. thirlian ; G. and D. drillen.] 1. To
pierce with a drill ; to perforate by turning a sharp-point-
ed instrument of a particular form ; to bore and make a
hole by turning an instrument. 2. To draw on; to entice;
to amuse and put off. 3. To draw on from step to step.
4. To draw through ; to drain. — 5. In a military sense,
to teach and train raw soldiers to their duty, by frequent
exercise. — ^6. In husbandry, to sow grain in rows, drUls or
DRILL, V. i. 1. To sow in drills. 2. To flow gently. 3
To muster for exercise. Beaumont.
DRILL, n. 1. A pointed instrument, used for boring holes,
particularly in metals and other hard substances. 2. An
ape or baboon. 3. The act of training soldiers to their
duty. 4. A small stream ^^^^now called a rill. — 5. In hus-
bandry, a row of grain, sowed by a drill-plough.
DRILLED, pp. Bored or perforated with a drill ; exercised ;
sown in rows.
DRILL'ING, ppr. Boring with a drill ; training to military
duty ; sowing in drills.
DRILL-PLOUGH, n. A plough for sowing grain in drills.
DRINK, V. i. ; pret. and pp. drank. Old pret. and pp. drunk ;
pp. drunken. [Sax. drincan, drican, drycian.] 1. To swal-
low liquor, for quenching thirst or other purjwse. 2. To
take spirituous liquors to excess ; to be intemperate in the
use of spirituous liquors ; to be a habitual drunkard. 3.
To feast ; to be entertained with liquors. — To drink to,
to salute in drinking ; to invite to drink by drinking first.
2. To wish well to, in the act of taking the cup.
DRINK, V. t. 1. To swallow, as liquids ; to receive, as a
fluid, into the stomach. 2. To suck in ; to absorb ; to im-
bibe. 3. To take in by any inlet; to hear; to see. 4.
To take in air ; to inhale.
To drink down, is to act on by drinking ; to reduce or subdue.
Shak. — To drink off, to drink the whole at a draught, — To
drink in, to absorb ; to take or receive into any inlet. — To
drink up, to drink the whole. — To drink health, or to the
health, a customary civility in which a person at taking a
glass or cup, expresses his respect or kind wishes for
another.
DRINK, n. Liquor to be swallowed ; any fluid to be taken
into the stonjach.
DRINK' A-BLE, a. That may be drank ; fit or suitable for
drink ; potable.
DRINK 'A-BLE, n. A liquor that may be drank.
DRINK'ER, 71. One who drinks, particularly one who prac-
tices drinking spirituous liquors to excess ; a drunkard ; a
tippler.
DRINK'ING, ppr. Swallowing liquor ; sucking in ; absorb-
ing.
DRINK'ING, 71. 1. The act of swallowing liquors, or of ab-
sorbing. 2. The practice of drinking to excess.
DRINK'ING-HORN, n A horn cup, such as our rude
ancestors used.
DRINIC'ING-HOUSE, n. A house frequented by tipplers;
an alehouse.
DRINK'LESS, a. Destitute of drink. Chaucer.
DRINK'-MoN'EY, n. Money given to buy liquor for drink
DRIP, V. i. [Sax. drypan, driopan, dropian.] 1. To fall in
drops. 2. To have any liquid falling from it in drops.
DRIP, V. t. To let fall in drops.
* See Synopsis. 5, E, i, 0, 0, "?, long.— FkR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j— PIN, MARINE BIRD ;
t Obsolete.
DRO
277
DRO
DRIP, «. 1. A failing in drops, or that whicii falls in drops.
2. The edge of a roof j the eaves ; a large flat member of
the cornice.
DRIP PING, fpr. Falling or letting fall in drops.
DRIFTING, 71. The fat which falls from meat in roasting 5
that which foils in drops.
DRIPPING-PAN, n. A pan for recei\ing the fat which
drips from meat in roasting.
tDRIP'PLE, a. Weak or rare.
i)RIVE, V. t. ; pret. drove, [formerly drave ;] pp. driven.
[Sax. drifan.] 1. To impel or urge forward by force ; to
force ; to move by physical force. 2. To compel or urge
forward by other means than absolute physical force, or
tiy means that compel th« will. 3. To chase ; to hunt.
4. To impel a team of horses or oxen to move forward,
and to direct their course ; hence, to guide or regulate the
course of the carriage drawn by them. 5. To impel to
greater speed. 6. To clear any place by forcing away
what is in it. 7. To force ; to compel ; hi a general sense.
8. To hurry on inconsiderately ; often with on. In this
sense it is more generally intransitive. 9. To distress ; to
straighten. 10. To impel by the influence of passion. 11.
To urge 5 to press. 12. To impel by moral influence ; to
compel. 13. To carry on ; to prosecute ; to keep in mo-
tion. 14. To make light by motion or agitation.
To drive away, to force to remove to a distance ; to expel ;
to dispel ; to scatter. — To drive off, to compel to remove
from a place ; to expel ; to drive to a distance.— To drive
out, to expel.
DRIVE, v.i. 1. To be forced along ; to be impelled ; to be
moved by any physical force or agent. 2. To rush and
press with violence. 3. To pass in a carriage. 4. To
aim at or tend to ; to urge towards a pouit ; to make an
effort to reach or obtain. 5. To aim a blow ; to strike at
with force. — Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or
violent action. It is opposed to lead.
DRIVE, ?t. Passage in a carriage. Boswell.
DRIVEL, (driv'lfu. i. 1. To slaver ; to let spittle drop or flow
from the mouth, like a child, idiot or dotard. 2. To be
weak or foolish ; to dote. Dryden.
DRIVEL, 7!. 1. Slavery saliva flowing from the mouth.
2. A driveler ; a fool , an idiot ; [iiot used.]
DRIV^'EL-ER, 71. A slaverer ; a slabberer ; an idiot ; a fool.
DRIVEL-ING, ppr. Slavering ; foolish.
DRIV'EN, (driv'n) pp. Urged forward by force ; impelled
to move ; constrained by necessity. As a noun, folly.
DPclVER, 7?. 1. One who drives ; the person or thing that
urges or compels any thing else to move. 2. The person
who drives beasts. 3. The person who drives a carriage ;
one who conducts a team. 4. A large sail occasionally
set on the mizzen-yard or gafl", the foot being extended
over the stern by a boom.
DRIVING, ppr. Urging forward by force ; impelling.
DRIVING, 71. 1. The act of impelling. 2. Tendency.
DRIZ'ZLE, v. i. [G. rieseln.] To rain in small drops ; to
fall as water from the clouds in very fine particles.
DRIZ'ZLE, V. t. To shed in small drops or particles.
DRIZ'ZLE, ?j. A small rain.
DRIZZLED, pp. Shed or thrown down in small drops or
particles.
DRIZ ZLING, ppr. Falling in fine drops or particles ; shed-
ding in small drops or particles.
DRIZ ZLING, n. The falling of rain or snow in small drops.
DRIZ'ZLY, a. Shedding small rain, or small particles of
snow.
DRoG'MAN. See Dragoman.
DROIL, V. i. [D. druilen.] To work sluggishly or slowly ;
to plod ; [not much used.] 'Spenser.
DROIL, 7!. A mope ; a drone ; a sluggard ; a drudge ; [I. ?i.]
DRoLL, a. [Fr. drdle.] Odd ; merry ; facetious ; "^comical.
DRoLL, 71. 1. One whose occupation or practice is to raise
mirth by odd tricks ; a jester ; a buffoon. 2. A force ;
something exhibited to raise mirth or sport.
DRoLL, V. i. To jest ; to play the buffoon. South.
DRoLL, V. t. To cheat. L^Estrange.
DRoLL'ER, 71. A jester; a buffoon. Olanville.
DRoLL'ER-Y, n. 1. Sportive tricks ; buffoonery ; comical
stories ; gestures, manners or tales adapted to raise mirth.
2._ A puppet-show. Shak.
DRoLL'ING, 71. Low wit ; buffoonery.
DRoLL'ING-LY, adv. In a jesting manner.
DRoLL'ISH, a. Somewhat droll.
DRoM'E-DA-RY, n. [Fr. dromadaire.] A species of camel,
called also the Arabian camel, with one bunch or protu-
berance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian
camel, which has two bunches.
DRONE, 71. [Sax. drane, drcen.] 1. The male of the honey
bee. It is smaller than the queen bee, but larger than the
working bee. 2. An idler ; a sluggard ; one who earns
nothii.gby industry. 3. A humming or low sound, or the
instrument of humming. 4. The largest tube of the bag-
pipe, which emits a continued deep note.
DRONE, V. i. 1. To live in idleness. 2. To give a low,
heavy, doll sound. Dryden.
BRQNE'-Vh^, n. A two-winged insect, resembling lh«
drone-bee.
DRoN'ING, ppr. Living in idleness ; giving a dull sound.
DRoN'ISH, a. Idle 5 sluggish ; lazy ; indolent ; inactive ;
slow. Rowe.
DRoN'ISH-NESS, 71. Laziness ; inactivity.
DROOP, V. i. [Sax. drepan.] 1. To sink or hang down ; to
lean downwards, as a body that is weak or languishing
2. To languish from grief or other cause. 3. To fail or
sink ; to decline. 4. To faint ; to grow weak 3 to be dis-
pirited.
DROOP'INGj^pr. Sinking: hanging or leaning downward;
declining ; languishing ; failing.
DROP, 71. [Sax. dropa.] 1. A small portion of any fluid in a
spherical form, which falls at once from any body, or a
globule of any fluid which is pendent, as if about to foil ;
a small portion of water falling in rain. 2. A diamond
hanging from the ear ; an earring ; something hanging in
the form of a drop. 3. A very small quantity of liquor.
4. The part of a gallows which sustains the criminal be-
fore he is executed, and which is suddenly dropped.
DROPS, n. plu. In medicine, a liquid remedy, the dose of
which is regulated by a certain number of drops.
DROP, V. t. [Sax. dropian.] 1. To pour or let fall in small
portions or globules, as a fluid ; to distill. 2. To let fall,
as any substance. 3. To let go ; to dismiss ; to lay aside ;
to quit ; to leave ; to permit to subside. 4. To utter
slightly, briefly or casually. 5. To insert indurectly, in-
cidentally, or by way of digression. 6. To lay aside ; to
dismiss from possession. 7. To leave. 8. To set down
and leave. 9. To quit ; to suffer to cease. 10. To let go ;
to dismiss from association. 11. To suffer to end or come
to nothing. 12. To bedrop ; to speckle ; to variegate, as
if by sprinkling with drops. 13. To lower.
DROP, V. i. 1. To distill ; to fall in small portions, globules
or drops, as a liquid. 2. To let drops fall ; to dischai-ge
itself in drops. 3. To fall ; to descend suddenly or ab-
ruptly. 4. To fall spontaneously. 5. To die, or to die
suddenly. 6. To come to an end ; to cease ; to be neglect-
ed and come to nothmg. 7. To come unexpectedly;
with in or into. 8. To fall short of a mark ; [not usual.]
9. To fall lower. 10. To be deep in extent.
7^0 drop astern, in seamen^s language, is to pass or move to-
wards the stern ; to move back ; or to slacken the velocity
of a vessel to let another pass beyond her. — To drop down,
in seamen's lang%i.age, is to sail, row or move down a
river, or toward the sea.
DROP'-SE-ReNE', 71. [L. gutta serena.] A disease of the
eye ; amaurosis, or blindness from a diseased retina.
Milton.
DROP'-STONE, n. Spar in the shape of drops.
DROP'-WoRT, 71. The name of a plant.
DROP'LET, 71. A little drop. Shak.
DROPPED, pp. Let fall ; distflled ; laid aside ; dismissed j
let go ; sufiered to subside ; sprinkled or variegated.
DROP'PING, ppr. Falling in globules ; distilling ; foiling ;
laying aside ; dismissing ; quitting ; suffering to rest 01
subside ; variegating with ornaments like drops.
DROPPING, n. 1. The act of dropping ; a distilling j a fall-
ing. 2. That which drops.
DROP'PING-LY, adv. By drops. Huloet.
DROP'SI-€AL, a. 1. Diseased with dropsy ; hydropical ;
incluied to the dropsy. 2. Partaking of the natm-e of the
dropsv.
DROP'SIED, a. Diseased with dropsy. Shak.
DROP'SY, 71. [L. hydrops.] In medicine, an unnatural col-
lection of water, in any part of the boby, proceeding from
a greater effusion of serum by the exhalant arteries, than
the absorbents take up.
DROSS, n. [Sax. dros.] 1. The recrement or despumation
of metals ; the scum or extraneous matter of metals, thrown
off in the process of melting. 2. Rust ; crust of metals ;
an incrustation fonned on metals by oxydation. 3. Waste
matter ; refuse ; any worthless matter separated from the
better part ; impure matter.
DROSS'I-NESS, 7!. Foulness ; mst ; impurity ; a state of
being drossy. Boyle.
DROSS'Y, a. 1. Like dross ; pertaining to dross. 2. Full
of dross ; abounding with scorious or recrementitious mat-
ter. 3. Worthless ; foul ; impure.
t DROTCH'EL, n. An idle wench ; a sluggard.
DROUGHT, (drout) ) n. [contracted from Sax. drugothe ; J).
DROUTH, ) droogte : from drigan, or drygan, to
dry. The original word drouth, as written in the time of
Bacon, is still in common use. 1. Dryness ; want of rain
or of water ; particularly, dryness of the weather, which
affects the earth, and prevents the growth of plants;
aridness ; aridity. 2. Dryness of the throat and mouth 3
thirst ; want of drink.
DROUGHT'I-NESS, or DROUTH'I-NESS, n. A state of
dryness of the weather ; want of rain.
DROUGHT'Y, or DROUTH'Y, a. 1. Dry as the weath-
er ; arid ; wanting rain. 2. Thirsty j dry ; wanting
drink.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
1
DRU
278
DRY
-^
fDROUM'Y, a. Troubled; dirty- Bacon. Chaucer has
drovy
PROVE, pret. of drive.
DROVE, n. f^Sax. draf.] 1. A collection of cattle driven; a
number of animals, as oxen, sheep or swine, driven in a
body. 2. Any collection of irrational animals, moving or
driving forward. 3. A crowd of people in motion. 4. A
road for driving cattle ; [English.]
fDRoVEN, part, from drive.
DRoV'ER, 71. 1. One who drives cattle or sheep to market.
Usually, in JVew England, a man who makes it his busi-
ness to purchase fat cattle and drive them to market. 2.
A boat driven by the tide. Spenso-.
DROWN, V. t. [Dan. drugner.] I. To overwhelm in water;
and, appropriately, to extinguish life by immersion in
water or other fluid. 2. To overwhelm in water. 3. To
overflow ; to deluge ; to inundate. 4. To immerse ; to
plunge and lose ; to overwhelm. 5. To overwhelm ; to
overpower.
DROWN, V. i. To be suffocated in water or other fluid ; to
perish in water.
DROWNED, pp. Deprived of life by immersion in a fluid ;
overflowed ; inundated ; overwhelmed.
DROWN'ER, n. He or that which drowns.
DROWN'ING, ppr. Destroying life by submersion in a
liquid ; overflowing ; overwhelming.
DROWSE, (drowz) v. i. [Old Belgic, droosen.] 1. To sleep
imperfectly or unsoundly ; to slumber ; to be heavy with
sleepiness. 2. To look heavy ; to be heavy or dull.
DROWSE, V. t. To make heavy with sleep ; to make dull
or stupid. .Milton.
fDROWSI-HED, ?i. Sleepiness. Spenser.
DROWS'I-LY, adv. 1. Sleepily ; heavily ; in a dull, sleepy
manner. 2. Sluggishly ; idly ; slothfully ; lazily.
DROWS'I-NESS; 71. 1. Sleepiness ; heaviness with sleep ;
disposition to sleep. 2. Sluggishness; sloth; idleness;
inactivity.
DROW^S'Y, a. 1. Inclined to sleep ; sleepy ; heavy with
sleepiness ; lethargic ; comatose. 2. Dull ; sluggish ; stu-
pid. 3. Disposing to sleep ; lulling.
DROWS'Y-HEAD'ED, a. Heavy ; having a sluggish dispo-
sition. Fotherby.
DRUB, V. t. [Sw. draoba.] To beat with a stick; to thrash ;
to cudgel.
DRUB, n. A blow with a stick or cudgel ; a thump ; a
knock.
DRUBBED, pp. Beat with a cudgel ; beat soundly.
DRUB'BINCt, ppr. Beating with a cudgel ; beating soundly.
DRUB'BING, n. A cudgeling ; asound beating.
DRUD6E, (druj) v. i. [Scot, drug.] To work hard ; to labor
in mean offices ; to labor with toil and fatigue.
DRUD6E, n. One who works hard, or labors with toil and
fatigue ; one who labors hard in servile employments ; a
slave.
DRUDG'ER, n., 1. A drudge. 2. A drudging-box. See
Dredging-box.
DRUDG'ER-Y, n. Hard labor ; toilsome work ; ignoble
toil : hard work in servile occupations.
DRUDG'ING, ppr. Laboring hard ; toiling.
DRUDG'ING-BOX. See Dredging-box.
DRUDG'ING-LY, adv. With labor and fatigue ; labori-
ously.
DRUG, n. [Fr. drogiie.] 1. The general name of substances
used in medicine, sold by the druggist, and compounded
by apothecaries and physicians ; any substance, vegeta-
ble, animal or mineral, which is used in the composition
or preparation of medicines. 2. Any commodity that lies
on hand, or is not salablfe ; an article of slow sale, or in
no demand in market. 3. A mortal drug, or a deadly
drug, is -poKon. 4. [Scot, drug.] A drudge.
DRUG, V. i. To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines.
DRUG, V. t. 1. To season with drugs or ingredients. 2. To
tincture with something offensive.
fDRUG'GER, n. A druggist. Burton.
DRUG'GER-MAN. See Dragoman.
DRUG'GET, 71. [Fr. droguet.] A cloth or thin stuff" of wool,
or of wool and thread, corded or plain, usually plain.
DRUG GIST, 71. [Fr. droguisf.e.] One who deals in drugs ;
properly, one whose occupation is merely to buy and sell
drugs, without compounding or preparation.— In America,
the same person often carries on the business of the drug-
gist and the apothecary.
f-DRUG'STER, 71. A druggist. Boyle.
DRtJ ID, 71. [Ir. Draoi, formerly Drui, a magician, a Druid.]
A priest or minister of religion, among the ancient Celtic
nations in Gaul, Britain and Germany.
DRU-ID'I&AL i °- I'ertaining to the Druids.
DRO'ID-ISM, n. The system of religion, philosophy and in-
struction taught by the Druids ; or their doctrines, rites
and ceremonies.
DRUM, n. [D. trom, trommel.] 1. A martial instrument of
music, in form of a hollow cylinder, and covered at the
ends with vellum, which ia stretched or slackened at
pleasure. — 2. In machinery, a short cylinder revolving on
an axis, generally for the purpose of turning several small
wheels, by means of straps passing round its periphery. —
3. The drum of the ear, the tympanum, or barrel of t)ie
ear ; the hollow part of the ear, behind the membrane of
the tympanum. 4. A round box containing figs.
DRUM, V. i. 1. To beat a drum with sticks ; to beat or play
a tune on a drum. 2. To beat with the fingers, as with
drum-sticks ; to beat with a rapid succession of strokes.
3. To beat, as the heart.
DRUM, V. t. To expel with beat of drum. Military phrase.
IDRUM'BLE, V. i. To drone ; to be sluggish. Shak.
DRUM'-FISH, 71. A fish, found on the coast of N. America.
fDRUM'LY, a. [W. trojn.] Thick; stagnant; muddy.
DRUM'-Ma-JOR, n. The chief or first drummer of a regi-
ment.
DRUM'-Ma-KER, n. One who makes drums.
DRUM'MER, n. One whose office is to beat the drum, in
military exercises and marching ; one who drums.
DRUM'-STieK, 71. The stick with which a drum is beaten,
or a stick shaped for the purpose of beating a drum.
DRUNK, a. 1. Intoxicated; inebriated; overwhelmed or
overpowered by spirituous liquor ; stupified or inflamed
by the action of spirit on the stomach and brain. 2.
Drenched, or saturated with moisture or liquor.
DRUNPI'ARD, 71. One given to ebriety or an excessive use
of strong liquor ; a person who habitually or frequently is
drunk.
DRUNK'EN, (drunk'n) a. 1. Intoxicated ; inebriated with
strong liquor. 2. Given to drunkenness. 3. Saturated
with liquor or moisture ; drenched. 4. Proceeding from
intoxication ; done in a state of drunkenness.
DRUNK'EN-LY, adv. In a drunken manner. [Little used.]
DRUNK'EN-NESS, 71. 1. Intoxication ; inebriation ; a state
in which a person is overwhelmed or overpowered with
spirituous liquors, so that his reason is disordered, and he
reels or staggers in walking. 2. Habitual ebriety or intox-
ication. 3. Disorder of the faculties resembling intoxica-
tion by liquors ; inflammation ; frenzy ; rage.
DRUPE, 7?. [L. drupx.] In botany, a pulpy pericarp or fruit
without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel,
as the plum, peach, &c.
DRU-Pa'CEOUS, a. 1. Producing drupes. 2. Pertaining to
drupes ; or consisting of drupes.
DRUSE, n. [G. druse.] Am.ong miners, a cavity in a rock,
having its interior surface studded with crystals, or filled
wjth water.
DRu'SY, a. Abounding with very minute crystals.
DRY, a. [Sax. dri, drig, or dryg.] 1, Destitute of moisture ;
free from water of wetness ; arid ; not moist. 2. Not
rainy ; free from rain or mist. 3. Not juicy ; free from
juice, sap or aqueous matter ; not green. 4. Without
tears. 5. Not giving milk. 6. Thirsty ; craving drink.
7. Barren ; jejune ; plain ; unembellished ; destitute of
pathos, or of that which amuses and interests. 8. Severe ;
sarcastic ; wiping. 9. Severe ; wiping. 10. Dry goods,
in commerce, cloths, stuffs, silks, laces, &c., in distinction
from groceries.
DRY, V. t. [Sax. drigan, adrigan, or drygan, adrygan, ad-
rugan, gedrigan.] "l. To free from water, or from mois-
ture of any kind, and by any means. 2. To deprive of
moisture by evaporation or exhalation. 3. To deprive of
moisture by exposure to the sun or open air. 4. To de-
prive of natural juice, sap or greenness. 5. To scorch or
parch with thirst ; with iip. 6. To deprive of water by
draining; to drain; to exhaust. — To dry up, to deprive
wholly of water.
DRY, V. i. 1. To grow dry ; to lose moisture ; to become
free from moisture or juice. 2, To evaporate wholly ; to
be exhaled.
DRY'AD, 71. [L. dry odes, plu.] In mythology, a deity or
nymph of the woods ; a nymph supposed to preside over
woods.
DRYED, pp. of dry. See Dried.
DRY'ER, n. He or that which dries ; that which exhausts of
moisture or greenness.
DRY'EyED, a. Not having tears in the eyes.
DRY'FAT, n. A dry vat or basket.
DRY'FOOT, 71. A dog that pursues game by the scent of the
foot.
DRY'ING, ppr. Expelling or losing moisture, sap or green-
ness.
DRY'ING, n. The act or process of depriving of moisture or
greenness.
DRY'ITE, 71. Fragments of petrified or fossil wood, in which
' th^ structure of the wood is recognized.
DRy'LY, adv. 1. Without moisture. 2. Coldly ; frigidly ;
without affection. 3. Severely ; sarcastically. 4. Barren-
ly ; without embellishment ; without any thing to enliven,
enrich or entertain.
DRY'NESSj n. I . Destitution of moisture ; want of water or
other fluid ; siccity ; aridity ; aridness. 2. Want of rain.
3. Want of juice or succulence. 4. Want of succulence or
greenness. 5. Barrenness ; jejuneness ; want of ornament.
* See Synopsis. A,E, I, o, U, Y, long.—F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARiN£, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
DUG
279
DUL
or pathos ; want of that which enlivens and entertains.
6. Want of feeling or sensibility in devotion ; want of ar-
dor.
DR-^'NURSE, n. 1. A nurse who attends and feeds a child
witliout the breast. 2. One who attends another in sick-
ness,
DRY'NURSE, t). «. To feed, attend and bring up without
the breast. Hudibras.
DRy'RUB, v. t. To rub and cleanse without wetting.
DRY-SALT'ER, n. A dealer in salted or dry meats, pickles,
sauces, &c. Fordyce.
DRY''SHOD, a. Without wetting the feet.
Du'AL, a. VL. dualis.'] Expressing the number two.
DU-AL-IS'Tie, a. Consisting of two.
DU-AL'1-TY, n, 1. That which expresses two in number.
2. Division ; separation. 3. The state or quality of being
two.
DUB, V. i. [Sax. duhban.] Literally, to strike. Hence,
1. To strike a blow with a^ sword, and make a knight.
2. To confer any dignity or nevs^ character.
DUB, V. i. To make a quick noise.- Bcauinont.
DUB, n. I. A blow 5 [little zised.] 2. In Irish, a puddle.
DUBBED, pp. Struck ; made a knight.
DUB'BING, ppr. Striking ; making a knight.
DU-Bl'E-TY, n. Doubtfulness. [Little used.]
DU-BI-08'I-TY, n. A thing doubtful. Brown.
Du'BI-OUSj a. [I* dubius.] 1. Doubtful ; wavering or fluc-
tuating in opinion ; not settled ; not determined. 2. Un-
certain ; that of which the trutli is not ascertained or
known. 3. Not clear j not plain. 4. Of uncertain event
or issue.
DtJ'BI-OUS-LY, adv. Doubtfully ; uncertainly.
Dti'BI-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Doubtfulness ; a si^te of wavering
and indecision of mind. 2. Uncertainty
DU'BI-TA-BLE, a. [L. duUto.] Doi<ibtful ; uvtisrtzin [Little
used.]
DtJ'BI-TAN-CY, 71. Doubt ; uncertainty. [Little used.]
DU-BI-Ta'TION, n. [L. dabitatio.] The act of doubting ;
doubt. [Little used.] Brown.
DCf'GAL, a. [Ft.] Pertaining to a duke.
DU€'AT, n. A coin of several countries in Europe, struck
in the dominions of a duke. It is of silver or gold. The sil-
ver ducat is generally of the value of four shillings and six-
pence sterling, equal to an American dollar, or to a French
crown ; and the gold ducat of twice the same value.
DU€-A-TOON', 7*. [Fr. dur.aton.] A silver coin, struck
chiefly in Italy, of the value of about four shillings and
eight pence sterling.
dUCH'ESS, n. [Fr. duchesse.] The consort or widow of a
duke. Also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy.
DUCH'Y, n. [Fr. duche.] The territory or dominions of a
duke ; a dukedom.
DUCH'Y-€oURT, n. The court of the duchy of Lancaster
in England.
DUCK, n. [Sw. duJ:.] A species of coarse cloth or canvas,
used for sails, sacking of beds, &c.
DUCK, n. I. A water-fowl, so called from its plunging. 2.
An inclination of the head, resembling the motion of a
duck in water. 3. A stone thrown obliquely on the wa-
ter, so as to rebound.
DUCK, n. [B^n. dukke.] A word of endearment.
DUCK, V. t. [G. dticken.] 1. To dip or plunge in water, and
suddenly withdraw. 2. To plunge the head in water, and
immediately withdraw it. 3. To bow, stoop or nod.
DUCK, V. i. 1. To plunge into water, and immediately
withdraw ; to dip ; to plunge the head in water or other
liquid. 2. To drop the head suddenly ; to bow 5 to cringe.
DUCKED, pp. Plunged ; dipped in water.
DUCK'ER, n. A plunger ; a diver ; a cringer.
DUCK'ING, ^pr. Plunging ; thrusting suddenly into water,
and withdrawing 5 dipping.
DUCK'ING, n. The act of plunging or putting in water, and
withdrawing.
DUCK'ING-STOOL, n. A stool or chair in which common
scolds were formerlv tied and plunged into water.
DUCK'-LEGGED, a. Having short legs, like a duck.
DUCK'LTNG, n. A young duck. Ray.
DUCK'-MEAT, or DUCK'S'-Mi?.AT, n. A plant, the lemna,
growing in ditches and shallow water.
DUC-KOY'. See Decoy.
DUCK'S'- FOOT, n. A plant, the podophyllum; called also
Mav-apple.
DUCK'-WEED, n. The same as dusk-mset
DUCT, n. [L. ductus.] 1 Any tube or canal by which a
fluid or other substance is conducted or conveyed. 2.
(Guidance ; direction 5 [little used.]
DUCTILE, a. [L. ductilis.] 1. That may be led ; easy to
be led or drawn 5 tractable ; complying ; obsequious ;
yielding to motives, persuasion or instruction. 2. Flexi-
ble ; pliable. 3. That may be drawn out into wire or
threads. 4. That may be extended by beating.
DUG'TILE-NESS, n. The quality of suffering extension by
drav^ing or percussion ; ductility.
DUC-TIL'I-TY, n. 1. The property of solid bodies, particu-
larly metals, which renders them capable of being extend-
ed by drawing without breaking. 2. Flexibility ; obse-
quiousness ; a disposition of mind that easily yields to
motives or influence ; ready compliance.
DUC'TION, n. [L. ductio.] Conveyance ; leading, Felt-
ham.
fDUCT'URE, 71. [L. dMco.] Guidance. South.
DUD'DER, V. t. To deafen with noise ; to render the heaa
confused. Jennings.
DUDG'EoN, 71. [G. degen.] A small dagger. Hudibras.
DUDG'EoN, /!. [W. dygen.l Anger; resentment; malice j
ill-will; discord. L^ Estrange.
DUDS, 71. [Scot. dv.d.] Old clothes ; tattered garments. [A
vulgar word.]
Due, (du) a. [Fr. dii, pp. o? devoir.] I. Owed; that ought
to be paid or done to another. 2. Proper ; fit ; appropriate ;
suitable ; becoming ; required by the circumstances. 3.
Seasonable, 4. Exact ; proper. 5. Owing to ; occasioned
by ; [little used.] 6. That ought to have arrived, or to be
present, before the time specified.
Due, adv. Directly ; exactly ; as, a due east course.
DtJE, n. \. That which is owed ; that which one contracts
to pay, do or perform to another ; that which law or jus-
tice requires to be paid or done. 2. Tliat which office,
rank, station, social relations, or established rules of right
or decorum, require to be given, paid or done. 3. That
which law or custom requires, as toll, tribute, fees of of-
fice, or other legal perquisites. 4. Right ; just title.
fDuE, v.t. To pay as due. Shak.
DtjE'FIJL, a. Fit ; becoming, Spenser.
DtJ'ELJ'w. [h.duellum; Fr. duel ; It. duello.] 1. Single
combat ; a premeditated combat between two persons, for
the purpose of deciding some private difference or quarrel
2. Any contention or contest.
DO'EL, v, i. To fight in single combat. South,
Du'EL, V. t. To attack or fight singly. Milton.
Du'EL-ER, n. A combatant in single fight.
DtJ'EL-ING, ppr. Fighting in single combat.
DtJ'EL-ING, n. The act or practice of fighting in single
combat.
Du'EL-IST, n. 1. One Who fights in single combat. Dryden.
2. One who professes to study the rules of honor.
t DU-EL'LO, n. Duel ; or rule of dueling. Shak.
DuE'NESS, (M nes) n. Fitness ; propriety ; due quality.
DU-EN'NA, n. [Sp. duena. See Don.] An old woman who
is kept to guard a younger ; a governess.
|^^^4^^,' I n. [Ital. dtietto.] A song or air in two parts.
DUF'FEL, n. [D.] A thick, coarse kind of woolen cloth,
having a thick nap or frieze.
DUG, 71. [Ice. degs-ia,] The pap or nipple of a cow or other
beast. It is applied to a human female in contempt.
DUG, pret. and pp. of dig ; as, they dug a ditch.
DUKE, 71. [Fr. due ; Sp., Port, duque ; It. duca ; Venetian,
doge ; L. dux.] 1. In Oreat Britain, one of the highest
order of nobility ; a title of honor or nobility next below
the princes, — 2. In some countries on the continent, a sove-
reign prince, without the title of king. 3. A chief; a
prince.
DuKE'DOM, n. 1. The seignory or possessions of a duke ;
the territorv of a duke. 2. The title or quality of a duke.
DUL'BRaINED, a. Stupid ; doltish ; of dull intellects.
DUL'CET, a. [L. dulcis.] 1. Sweet to the taste ; luscious.
2. Sweet to the ear ; melodious ; harmonious.
DUL-CI-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of sweetening ; the act of
freeing from acidity, saltness or acrimony
DUL'CI-FlED, pp. Sweetened ; purified from salts. — Dulci-
fied spirits, a term formerly applied to the different ethers.
DUL'CI-F"?, V. t. [Fr. diilcifier.] To sweeten ; to free from
acidity, saltness or acrimony.
DUL'CI-MER, 71. [It. dolcimello.] An instrument of music
played by striking brass wires with little sticks.
fDUL'CI-NESS, n. [L,. dulcis.] Softness ; easiness of tem-
per.
DUL'CO-RATE, v. t. [Low L, d,7Llco.] 1. To sweeten. 2.
To make less acrimonious.
DUL-CO-Ra'TION, 71. The act of sweetening. Bacon.
DtJ'LI-A, 71. [Gr. 6ov\aa.] An inferior kind of worship.
DULL, a. [W. dol, dial ; Sax. dol.] 1. Stupid ; doltish ;
blockish ; slow of understanding. 2. Heavy ; sluggish ;
without life or spirit. 3. Slow of motion ; sluggish, 4.
Slow of hearing or seeing. 5. Slow to learn or compre-
hend ; unready ; awkward. 6. Sleepy ; drowsy. 7. Sad ;
melancholy. 8. Gross ; cloggy ; insensible. 9. Not pleas-
ing or delightful ; not exhilarating ; cheerless. 10. Not
bright or clear ; clouded ; tarnished. 11. Not bright ; not
briskly burning. 12. Dim ; obscure ; not vivid. 13. Blunt ;
obtuse ; having a thick edge. 14. Cloudy ; overcast ; not
clear ; not enlivening.— 15. With seamen, being without
wind. 15. Not lively or animated,
DULL, V. t. 1. To make dull ; to stupify. 2. To blunt. 3. To
make sad or melancholy. 4. To hebetate ; to make insen-
sible or slow to perceive. 5. To damp ; to render lifeless.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL. UNITE — € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
DUN
280
DU^
6. To make neavy or slow of motion. 7. To sully j to
tarnish or cloud,
DULL, V, i. To become dull or blunt ; to become stupid.
DULL'-BRaINED, a. Stupid ; of dull iiitellrict.
DULL'-BROWED, a. Having a gloomy look.
DULL'-DIS-PoS'ED, a. Inclined to dullness or sadness.
DULL'-EyED, a. Having a downcast look. Shak.
DULL'-HEAD, n. A person of dull understanding ; a dolt ;
a blockhead.
DULL'-SiGHT-ED, a. Having imperfect sight ; purblind.
DULL'-WIT-TED, a. Having a dull intellect ; heavy.
DULL'ARD, a. Doltish; stupid. Hall.
DULL'ARD, 71. A stupid person ; a dolt ; a blockhead ; a
dunce.
DULLED, pp. Made dull ; blunted.
DULL'ER, 11. That which makes dull.
DULL'IXG, ppr. Making dull.
DULL'NESS, 71. 1. Stupidity ; slowness of comprehension ;
weakness of intellect ; indocility. 2. Want of quick per-
ception or eager desire. 3. Heaviness ; drowsiness ; incli-
nation to sleep. 4. Heaviness ; disinclination to motion.
5. Sluggishness ; slowness. 6. Dimness ; want of clear-
ness or lustre. 7. Bluntness ; want of edge. 8. Want
of brightness or vividness.
DUL'LY, adv. Stupidly 3 slowly ; sluggishly 3 without life
or spirit.
Du'LY, adv. 1. Properly ; fitly; in a suitable or becoming
manner. 2. Regularly ; at the proper time.
DUMB, (dum) a. [Sax. dumi).] I. Mute ; silent ; not speak-
ing. 2. Destitute of the power of speech ; unable to utter
articulate sounds. 3. Mute ; not using or accompanied
with speech. — To strike dumb, is to confound; to aston-
ish ; to render silent by astonishment ; or, it may be, to
deprive of the power of speech.
DUMB, V. t. To silence. Shak.
DUMB'LY, (dum'ly) adv. Mutely ; silently ; without words
or speech.
DUMBNESS, (dum'nes) n. 1. Muteness; silence, or hold-
ing the peace ; omission of speech. 2. Incapacity to
speak ; inability to articulate sounds.
DUMTOUND, V. t. To strike dumb ; to confuse. [.>3 lo^o
word.] Spectator.
t DUM'MER-ER, n. One who feigns dumbness.
DUM' MY, 71. One who is dumb, [.d low expression.]
DUMP, n. [D. dom.] 1. A dull, gloomy state of the mind;
sadness ; melancholy ; sorrow ; heaviness of heart. 2. Ab-
sence of mind ; rever}\ 3. A melancholy tune or air.
DUMP'ISH, a. Dull ; stupid ; sad ; melancholy ; depressed
in spirits.
DUMP'ISH-LY, adv. In a moping manner.
DUMP'ISH-NESS, n. A state of being dull, heavy and
moping.
DUMP'LING, n. A kind of pudding or mass of paste in
cookery ; usually, a cover of paste inclosing an apple and
boiled.
DUMP'Y, a. Short and thick.
DUN, a. [Sax. dami.] I. Of a dark color; of a color partak-
ing of a brown and black ; of a dull brown color ; swarthy.
2. Dark ; gloomy.
DUN, V. t. To cure, as fish, in a manner to give them a dun
color. See Dunning.
DUN, u. i. [Sax. dynan.] 1. To clamor for payment of a
debt ; to urge for payment ; to demand a debt in a press-
ing manner; to call for payment. 2. To urge importu-
nately.
DUN, n. 1. An importunate creditor, who urges for pay-
ment. 2. An urgent request or demand of payment in
writing. 3. An eminence ; a mound.
DUNCE, (duns) 71. [G. duns.] A person of weak intellect;
a dullard ; a dolt ; a thickskull.
DUN'CER-Y, 71. Dullness ; stupidity. Smith.
DUNCH, a. Deaf. Grose. West of England.
t DUN'CI-FY, V. t. To make stupid in intellect.
DUN'DER, n. [Sp. redundar.] Lees ; dregs ; a word used
in Jamaica.
DUNE, 71. A hill. See Down.
DUN -FISH, 71. Codfish cured in a particular manner.
DUNG, 71. [Sax. dung.] The excrement of animals.
DUNG, V. t. To manure with dung. Dryden.
DUNG, V. i. To void excrement.
DUNGED, pp. Manured with dung.
DUNGE6N, (dun'jun) n. [Fr. dongeon, or donjon.] I. A
close prison, or a deep, dark place of confinement. 2. A
subterraneous place of close confinement.
DUN'GEoN, V. t. To confine in a dungeon. Hall.
DUNG'FORK, n. A fork used to throw dung.
DUNG'HILL, 71. 1. A heap of dung. 2. A mean or vile
abode. 3. Any mean situation or condition. 4. A term
of reproach for a man meanly born ; inot used.]
DUNG'HILL, a Sprung from the dunghill ; mean ; low ;
base ; vile. Shak.
DUNG'Y, o. Full of dung ; filthy ; vile. Shak.
DUN(JJYARD, 71. A yard where dung is collected.
DUNGLIN, n. A fowl, a species of sandpiper. Pennant.
DUN'NA6E, 71. Fagots, ooughs or loose wcod lai4 on the
bottom of a ship to raise heavy goods above the bottom.
DUNNED, pp. Importuned to pay a debt ; urged.
DUN'NER, n. [from dmi.] One employed in soliciting the
payment of debts. Spectator.
DUN'NING, ppr. Urging for payment of a debt, or for th»
obtaining a request ; importuning.
DUN'NING, ppr. or n. The operation of curing codfish,
in such a manner aa to give it a particular color and
quality.
DUN'NISH, a. Inclined to a dun color; somewhat dun.
DUN'NY, a. Deaf; dull of apprehension. [Local.] Grose.
Du'O, n. [L. ; two.] A song in two parts.
DU-0-DE€-A-HE'DRAL, ) SeeDoDECAHEDRAL.DoDECA-
DU-0-DE€-A-He'DR0N, \ HEDRON.
DU-0-DEC'IM-FID, a. [L. duodecim and findo.] Divided
into twelve parts,
DU-0-DEC'I-MO, a, [L. duodecim.] Having or consisting
of twelve leaves to a sheet.
DU-0-DEC'I-MO, n. A book in which a sheet is folded into
twelve leaves.
DU-0-DE€'U-PLE, a. [L. duo and deciiplus.] Consisting
of twelves. Arbuthnot.
DU-OD iJ-NUM, 71. [L.] The first of the small intestines.
DU-0-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. duo and litera.] Consisting of
two letters only ; biliteral. Stuart.
DUP, V. t. [do and t^;.] To open. [A low word.]
DUPE, n. [Fr. dupe.] A person who is deceived ; or one
easily led astray by his credulity.
DUPE, V. t. [Fr. duper.\ To deceive; to trick; to mislead
by imposing on one's credulity.
Du'PI-ON, 71. A double cocoon, formed by two or mora
silk- worms.
DU'PLE, a. [L. duplus.] Double.
DU'PLI-€ATE, a. [L. duplicatus.] Double ; twofold.— Pm-
plicate proportion or ratio is the proportion or ratio of
squares.
Du'PLI-€ATE, 7i. 1. Another corresponding to the first;
or a second thing of the same kind. 2. A copy ; a tran-
script.
Du'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [L. duplico.] To double ; to fold.
DU-PLI-€a'TION, 71. 1. The act of doubling; the multipli-
cation of a number by 2. 2, A folding ; a doubling ; also,
a fold.
Du'PLI-€A-TURE, n. A doubling ; a fold.— In anatomy^
the fold of a membrane or vessel.
DU-PLIC'I-TY, 7?. [Fr. duplicite.] 1. Doubleness ; the
number two. 2. Doubleness of heart or speech ; tlie act
of dissembling one's real opinions, with a design to mis-
lead ; double-dealing ; dissimulation ; deceit. — 3. In law,
duplicity is the pleading of two or more distinct matters
or single pleas.
DU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The power of lasting or continuing,
in any given state, without perishing.
DU'RA-BLE, a. [L. durabilis.] Having the quality of last-
ing or continuing long in being, without perishing or wear-
ing out.
DU'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Power of lasting ; durability.
Du'RA-BLY, adv. In a lasting manner ; with long contin-
uance.
Du'RANCE, 71. [L. duro.] 1. Imprisonment ; restraint of
the person; custody of the jailer. 2. Continuance; du-
ration. See Endurance.
DU-RANT', 72. A glazed woolen stuff; called by some ev-
erlasting.
DU-RS^TION, 71. 1. Continuance in time ; length or ex-
tension of existence, indefinitely. 2. Power of continu-
ance.
DUR'DUM, n. A great noise or uproar. Grose.
t DURE, v. i. [L. duro ; Fr. durer.] To last ; to hold on in
time or being ; to continue ; to endure.
tDuRE'FUL, a. Lasting. Spenser.
DuRE'LESS, a. Not lasting; fading. Raleigh.
*DU-RESS', n. [Norm, duresse, durette.] 1, Literally,
hardship; hence, constraint. — Technically, duress, in law,
is of two kinds ; duress of imprisonment, which is impris-
onment or restraint of personal liberty ; and duress by
menaces or threats [per minas,] when a person is threat-
ened with loss of life or limb. 2. Imprisonment ; restraint
of liberty.
DuR'ING, ppr. of dure, [commonly, though not correctly,
classed among prepositions.] Continuing; lasting; hold-
ing on ; as, during life.
Du'RI-TY, n. [Fr. durete.] I. Hardness; firmness. 2.
Hardness of mind ; harshness ; [little v^ed.]
t DU'ROUS, a. Hard. Smith.
DURiRA, n. A kind of millet, cultivated in North Africa.
DURST, prei. of dare. [D. dorst.]
DUSE, 71. A demon or evil spirit. What the duse is the
matter ? The duse is in you. [ Vulgar.]
DUSK, a. [D. duister ; G. duster.] 1. Tending to dark-
ness, or moderately dark. 2. Tending to a dark or black
color ; moderately black. Milton.
DUSK, 71. 1. A tending to darkness ; incipient or imperfect
♦ Sec Synopsis. A, E, I O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;- PREY;— PIN, MARINE, EtRDj- f Obsolete.
DWA
281
DYS
obscurity ; a middle degree between light and darkness ;
twilight. 2. Tendency to a black color ; darkness of col-
or. Dry den.
DUSK, V. t. To make dusky. [Little v^ed.']
DUSK, V. i. To begin to lose light or whiteness : to grow
dark, [Little used.]
I)USK'I-L5(^, adv. With partial darkness ; with a tendency
to blackness or darkness.
])USK'I-NESS, n. Incipient or partial darkness ; a slight or
moderate degree of darkness or blackness.
DUSK'ISH, a. Moderately dusky ; partially obscure ; slight-
ly dark or black. Spenser.
DUSKiSH-LY, adv. Cloudily ; darkly. Bacon.
DUSK'ISH-NESS, n. Duskiness ; approach to darkness.
DUSK'Y, a. 1. Partially dark or obscure ; not luminous.
2. I'ending to blackness in color ; partially black ; dark-
colored ; not bright. 3. Gloomy ; sad. 4. Intellectually
clouded.
.OUST, n. [Sax. dost, dyst ; Scot, dust.] 1. Fine dry par-
ticles of earth or other matter, so attenuated that it may
be raised and wafted by the wind ; powder. 2. Fine dry
particles of earth ; fine e>arth. 3. Earth ; unorganized
earthy matter. 4. The grave. 5. A low condition.
DUST, V. t. 1. To free from dust ; to brush, wipe or sweep
away dust. 2. To sprinkle with dust. 3. To levigate.
DUST'-BHUSH, n. A brush for cleaning rooms and furni-
ture.
DUST'EE, 71. An utensil to clear from dust ; also, a sieve.
DUSTT-NESS, n. The state of being dusty.
DUST'-MAN, 71. One whose employment is to carry away
dirt and filth. Gay.
DUST'Y, a. 1. Filled, covered or sprinkled with dust ;
clouded with dust. 2. Like dust; of the color of dust.
DUTCH, 7t. The people of Holland; also, their language.
DUTCH, a. Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants.
DUTCH'Y. See Duchy.
Du'TE-OUS, a. 1. Performmg that which is due, or that
which law, justice or propriety requires; obedient. 2.
Obedient ; obsequious. 3. Enjoined by duty, or by the
relation of one to another ; [little used.]
DU'TI-A-BLE, a. Subject to the imposition of duty or cus-
toms ; as dutiable goods. Supreme Court, U. S.
Du'TIED, a Subjected to duties or customs. Ames.
Du'TI-FUL, a. 1. Performing tlie duties or obligations re-
quired by law, justice or propriety ; obedient ; submissive
to natural or legal superiors ; respectful. 2. Expressive
of respect or a selise of duty ; respectful ; reverential ; re-
quired by duty.
Du'TI-FUL-LY, adv. In a dutiful manner ; with a regard
to duty ; obediently ; submissively ; reverently ; respect-
fully. S^ci/I.
Du'TI-FUL-NESS, n. 1. Obedience ; submission to just
authority; habitual performance of duty. 2. Reverence;
respect.
Du'TY, 7i. 1, That which a person owes to another ; that
which a person is bound, by f>ny natural, moral or legal
obligation, to pay, do or perform. 2. Forbearance of that
which is forbid by morality, lav/, justice or propriety. 3.
Obedience ; submission. 4. Act of reverence or respect.
5. The business of a soldier or marme on guard. 6. The
business of war; military service. 7. Tax, toll, impost,
or customs ; excise ; any sum of money required by gov-
ernment to be paid on the importation, exportation, or
consumption of goods.
DU-UM'VIR, 71. [L. duo and rzV.] One of two Roman of-
ficers or magistrates united in tlie same public functions.
DU-UM'V[-RAL, a. Pertaining to the duumvirs or du-
umvirate of Rome.
DU-UM'VI-RATE, 71. The union of two men in the same
office ; or the olfice, dignity or government of two men
thus associated ; as in ancient Rome.
DWAJjE, 71. 1. In heraldry, a sable or black color. 2. The
deadly nightshade, a plant, or a sleepy potion.
DWARF, n. [Sax. dwerg, dweora-.] 1. A general name
for an animal or plant which is much below the ordinary
size of the species or kind. A man that never grows be-
yond two or three feet in height is a dwarf. 2. An attend-
ant on a lady or knight in romances.
DWARF, V. t. To hinder from growing to the natural size ;
to lessen ; to make or keep small.
DWARF'ISH, a. Like a dwarf; below the common stature
or size ; very small ; low ; petty ; despicable.
DWARF'ISH-LY, adv. Like a dwarf.
DWARF'ISH-NESS, n. Smallness of stature ; littleness of
size.
T DWAQL, V. i. [Sax. dwelian, dwolian.] To be delirious.
DWELL, V. i.j pret. dwelled, usually contracted into dwelt.
[Dan. dewier.] 1. To abide as a permanent resident, or
to inhabit for a time ; to live in a place. 2. To be in any
state or condition ; to continue. 3. To continue ; to be
fixed in attention ; to hang upon with fondness. 4. To
continue long.
DWELL, as a verb transitive, is not used.
DWELL'ER, n. An inhabitant ; a resident.
DW^ELL'ING, ppr. Inhabiting ; resi-ding ; sojourning ; con-
tinuing with fixed attention.
DWELL'ING, n. 1. Habitation ; place of residence ; abode.
2. Continuance; residence; state of life.
DWELL'ING-HOUSE, n. The house in which one lives,
DWELL'mG-PLACE, n. The place of residence.
DWIN'DLE, V. i. [Sax. dwinan.] 1. To diminish : to be-
come less ; to shrink ; to waste or consume away. ' 2. To
degenerate ; to sink ; to fall away.
DWIN'DLE, V. t. 1. To make less ; to bring low. 2. To
break ; to disperse.
DWIN'DLED, a. Shrunk ; diminished in size.
DW^IN'DLING, pjyr. Falling away ; becoming less ; pin-
ing ; consuming ; moldering away.
DWINE, V. i. To faint ; to grow feeble ; to pine. J\rorth of
England.
DYE, V. t. [Sax. deagan.] To stain ; to color ; to give a new
and permanent color to ; applied particularly to cloth or the
materials of cloth.
DyBB, pp. Stained; colored.
D?E'ING, ppr. Staining ; giving a new and permanent
color.
DltE'ING, n. The art or practice of giving new and perma-
nent colors ; the art of coloring cloth, hats, &c.
DYER, 71. One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the
like.
DY'ING, ppr. [from die.] 1. Losing life ; perishing ; expir-
ing ; fading away ; languishing. 2. a. Mortal ; destined
to death.
DY'ING, n. Death, 2 Cor. 4.
DY'ING-LY, adv. As at the moment of giving up the
ghost.
DY-NAM'E-TER, 71. [Gr. Svvajxig and nerpso).] An instru-
ment for determining the magnifying power of telescopes.
DYN-A-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to a dynameter.
DY-NAM'I-€AL, a. [Gr. Svvanis.] Pertainmg to strength
or power.
DY-NAM'I€S, 71. The branch of meclianical philosophy
which treats of moving powers, or the action of forces",
when they give rise to motion.
DYN-A-MOJM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measuring the
relative strength of men and other animals.
DY'NAST, 71. A ruler ; a governor ; a prince ; a govern-
ment.
DY-NAST'I€, a. Relating to a dynasty or line of kings.
*DY'NAS-TY, 71. [Gr. ovvacrsia.] Government; sove-
reignty ; or rather a race or succession of kings of the
same line or family, who govern a particular country.
DYS'€RA-SY, 7i. [Gr. SvaK^aaia.] In medicine, an ill habit
or state of the humors ; distemperature of the juices.
DYS-EN-TER'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to dysentery; accom-
panied with dysentery ; proceeding from dysentery. 2,
Afiiicted with dysenlery,
DYS'EN-TER-Y, n. [L. dysenteria.] A flux in which the
stools consist chiefly of blood and mucus or other morbid
matter, accompanied with griping of the bowels, and fol-
lowed by tenesmus.
DYS'NO-MY, 71. [Gr. Svavojxia ] 111 ordering of laws; or
the enacting bad laws. Cockeram
DYS'0-DILE, 71. A species of coal
DYS'0-REX-Y, 7!. [Gr. 5vs and opc^is.] A bad or depraved
appetite ; a want of appetite.
*DYS-PEP'SY, n. [Gr. Svcnrexpia.] Bad digestion ; indiges-
tion, or difiiculty of digestion,
DYS-PEP'Tie, a. 1. Afflicted with indigestion. 2. Per-
taining to or consisting in dyspepsy.
DYS'PHO-NY, n. [Gr. 8va<po}via.] A difiiculty of speak-
ing, occasioned by an ill disposition of the organs of
speech. Diet.
DYSP-NOe'A, (disp-ne'a) ti. [Gr. ovcizvoia.] A difficulty
of breathing.
DYS'U-RY, 7!. [Gr. 5v(Tovpia.] Difficulty in discharging the
urine, attended with pain and a sensation of heat.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in «Ais t ObsoUte
EAR
282
EAR
E.
Ethe second vowel, and the fifth letter, of the English
J Alphabet. Its long and natural sound in English, as
in here, me, coincides with the sound of i in the Italian
and French languages. It has a short sound, as in met,
men ; and the sound of a open or long, in prey, vein.
As a final letter, it is generally quiescent ; but it serves to
lengthen the sound of the preceding vowel, or at least to
indicate that the preceding vowel is to have its long
sound, as in mane, cane, plume, which, without the final
e, would be pronounced man, can, plum. After c and g,
the final e serves to change these letters from hard to soft,
or to indicate that c is to be pronounced as s, and g, as j.
As a numeral, E stands for 250. In the calendar, it is
the fifth of the dominical letters. As an abbreviatio)i, it
stands for East, as in charts ; E. by S., East by South.
EACH, a. [Scot, eik.'] Every one of any number separate-
ly considered or treated.
t eACH'WHBRE, adv. Every where.
EAD, or ED, in names, is a Saxon word signifymg happy,
fortunate ; as in Edioard, happy preserver ; Edgar, liappy
power ; Edicin, happy conqueror. Gibson.
EA'GER, (e'ger) a. [Fr. aigre.] 1. Excited by ardent de-
sire in the pursuit of any object ; ardent to pursue, per-
form or obtain ; inflamed by desire ; ardently wishing or
longing. 2. Ardent ; vehement ; impetuous. 3, Sharp ;
sour ; acid : [little used.] 4. Siiarp ; keen ; biting ; se-
vere ; [little used.] Shak. 5. Brittle : inflexible ; not
ductile ; [local.] Locke.
eA'GEK-L V , adv. 1. With great ardor of desire ; ardent-
ly : eaniestlv ;, warmly ; with prompt zeal. 2. Hastily ;
impetuously". 3. Keenly ; sharply.
EA'GER-NESS, n. 1. Ardent desire to do, pursue or obtain
anything; animated zeal; vehement longing; ardor of
inclination. 2. Tartness ; sourness ; [obs.]
eA'GLE, n. [Fr. aigle.] 1. A rapacious fowl of the genus
falco. 2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value
of ten dollars. 3. A constellation in the northei-n herais-
_ phere.
EA'GLE-EyED, a. 1. Sharpsighted as an eagle ; having
an acute sight. 2. Discerning ; having acute intellectual
vision,
i?.A'GLE-SiGHT'ED, a. Having acute sight. Shak.
EA'GLE-SPEED, 71. Swiftness like that of an eagle
kA'GLESS, n. A'female or hen eagle.
EA'GLE-STONE, n. Etite, a variety of argillaceous oxyd
of iron.
EA'GLET, u. a young eagle, or a diminutive eagle.
eA'GLE-WINGED, a. Having the wings of an eagle;
_ swift as an eagle. Milton.
eA'GRE, (e'gur) n. A tide swelling above another tide, as
in the Severn. Dryden.
EAL'DER-MAN. See Alderman.
I^eAME, 71. [Sax. earn.] Uncle. Spenser.
EAN, a. t. ori. To yean. See Yean.
f^KAN'LING, n. A lamb just brought forth.
EAR, 71. [Sax. ear, care.] 1. The organ of hearing ; the
organ by which sound is perceived ; and, in general, both
the external and internal part is understood by the term.
2. The sense of hearing, or rather the power of distin-
guishing sounds and judging of harmony. — 3. In the plu-
ral, the head or person. 4. The top, or higliest part ;
[loiD.] 5. A favorable hearing ; attention ; heed ; regard.
C. Disposition to like or dislike what is heard ; opinion ;
judgment ; taste. 7. Any part of a thing resembling an
ear ; a projecting part from tlie side of any thing. 8. The
spike of corn ; that part of certain plants which contains
the flowers and seeds.
To he by the ears, ^
To fall together by the cars, > to fight or scufile ; to quarrel.
To go together by the ears, )
To set by the ears, to make strife ; to cause to quarrel.
JeAR, v. i. To shoot, as an ear ; to form ears, as corn.
f kAR, 7;. t. [L. aro.] To plough or till.
■|;^EAR'A-BLE, a. Used to be tilled. Barret.
EAR'a€HE, 71. [See Ache.] Pain in the ear.
f EAR'AL, a. Receiving by the ear. Heioyt.
EAR'-BoRED, a. Having the ear perforated. Hall.
EAR'-DEAF'EN-ING, a. Stunning the ear with noise.
Shak.
EATIED, pp. Having ears ; having spikes formed, as corn.
EAR'-E-RE€T'ING, ffl. Settingup the ears. Cowper.
EAR'ING, n. In seamen's language, SismaM rope employed
to fasten the upper corner of a sail to its yard.
EAR'ING, 71. A ploughing of land. Oen. xliv.
eAR'LAP, 71. The tip of the ear.
eAR'LOGK, 71. [Sax. ear-Zoca.] A lock or curl of hair, near
the ear.
EAR'MARK, n. A mark on the ear, by which a sheep is
_ known.
eAR'MARK, v. t. To mark, as a sheep by cropping or
slitting the ear.
EAR PICK, n. An instrument for cleansing the ear.
eAR'-PIER-CING, a. Piercing the ear, as a shrill or sharp
sound.
eAR'RING, 71. A pendant; an ornament, sometimes set
with diamonds, pearls or other jewels, worn at the ear,
by means of a ring passing through the lobe.
eAR'SHOT, 71. Reach of the ear ; the distance at which
_ words may be heard. Dryden.
EAR'WAX, n. The cerumen ; a thick, viscous substance,
secreted by the glands of the ear into the outer passage.
EARWIG, n. [Sax. ear-wigga, ear-wicga.] A genus of
insects of the order of coleopters. In JVejo England, this
name is vulgarly given to a species of centiped.
eAR'-WIT'NEsS, n. One who is able to give testimony
to a fact from his own hearing.
EARL, (erl) n. [Sax. eorl.] A British title of nobility, or a
nobleman, the third in rank, being next below a marquis,
and next above a viscount.
EAIIL'DOM, (erl'dum) n. The seignory, jurisdiction or dig-
nity of an earl.
EARL'DOll-MAN, n. An ealderman. Burke.
t EARLES'-PEN-NY, n. Money given in part payment.
EARL-MARfSHAL, n. An officer in Great Britain, who
_ has the superhitendence of military solemnities.
eAR'LESS, a. Destitute of ears ; disinclined to hear or
listen.
EAR'LI-NESS, (er'le-nes) n. A state of advance or for-
wardness ; a state of being before any thing, or at the
beginning.
EAR'LY, (er'ly) a. [from Sax. aa-, er.] 1. In advance of
something else ; prior in time ; forward. 2. First; being
at the beginning. 3. Being in good season.
EAR'LY, (ei'ly) adv. Soon ; in good season ; betimes.
EARN, (ern) v. t. [Sax. earnian, mrnian, gearvian.] 1. To
merit or deserve by labor, or by any performance ; to do
that which entitles to a reward, whether the reward is
received or not. 2. To gain by labor, service or perform-
ance ; to deserve and receive as compensation.
EARN, V. i. [G. gerinnen.] To curdle.
EARN, ?;. i. [Sax. gyrnan.] To long for ; to feel anxiety,
Spenser. See Yearn.
EARNED, (ernd) pp. Merited by labor or performance ;
gained.
EARN'EST, (ern est) a. [Sa.x. earnest, or geornest.] 1. Ar
dent in the pursuit of an object ; eager to obtain ; having
a longing desire ; warmly engaged or incited. 2. Ardent ;
warm ; eager ; zealous ; animated ; importunate. 3. In-
tent ; fixed. 4. Important ; serious ; that is, really intent
or engaged.
EARN'EST, (ern'est) n. 1. Seriousness ; a reality ; a real
event ; as opposed tojesting or feigned appearance. Sidney.
2. First fruits ; that which is in advance, and gives prom-
ise of something to come.
EARN'EST-LY, (ern'est-ly) adv. 1. Warmly ; zealously ;
importunately ; eagerly ; with real desire. 2. With fixed
attention ; with eagerness.
EARN'EST-NESS, (ern'est-nes) n. 1. Ardor or zeal in the
pursuit of any thing; eagerness; animated desire. 2.
/iuxious care ; solicitude; intenseness of desire. 3. Fix-
ed desire or attention ; seriousness.
fEARN'FUL, (ern'ful) a. Full of anxiety. Fletcher.
EARN'INGr, (ern'ing) ppr. Meriting by services ; gaining
by labor or performance.
EARN'IKG, (ern'ing) n. ; phi. Earnings. That which is
earned ; that which is gained or merited by labor, ser-
vices or performance ; wages ; reward.
tEARSH,K. [See Ear, to plough.] A ploughed field. May.
EARTH, (erth) n. [Sax. card, eorth, yrth.] 1. Earth, inite
primary sense, signifies the particles which compose the
mass of the globe, but jnore particularly, the particles
v/hich form the fine mold on the surface of the globe ; ot
it denotes any indefinite mass or portion of that matter,
Tliis substance being considered, by ancient philosophers,
as simple, was called an element; and, in popular lan-
guage, we still hear of tlie four elements, fire, air, earth.
and water. — 2. In chemistry, the term earth was, till
lately, employed to denote a simple elementary body or
substance, tasteless, inodorous, uninflammable and infu-
sible. But it has also been applied to substances which
have a very sensible alkaline taste, as lime. The primi-
tive earths are reckoned ten in number, viz., silex, alumin,
lime, magnesia, barytes, strnntian, zircon, glucin, yttria,
and thorina. Silliman. 3. The terraqueous globe which
* See Synopsis A, E, 1, O, U ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— + Obsolete.
EAS
283
EBB
earth. Dryden. 2. To
we inhabit. 4. The world, as opposed to other scenes of
existence. S. The inhabitants of the globe. 6. Dryland,
opposed to the sea. 7. Country; region; a distinct part
of the globe. 8. The ground ; the surface of the earth.—
9. In Scripture, things on the earth are carnal, sensual,
temporary things ; opposed to heavenly, spiritual or divine
things. — 10. Figur atively, SlXow CiynAitiow. Rev. xii. 11.
[from ear. Sax. erian, L. aro, to plough.] The act of turn-
ing up the ground in tillage ; [not used.]
EARTH, V. t. 1. To hide in the eartl
cover with earth or mold.
EARTH, V. i. To retire under ground ; to burrow,
EARTH BAG, n. A bag filled with earth, used for defense
in war.
EARTH'BANK, n. A bank or mound of earth.
EARTH'BOARD, w. The board of a plough that turns over
the earth ; the mold-board.
EARTH'BORN, a. 1. Born of the earth ; terrigenous ;
springing originally from the earth. 2. Eartldy ; terrestrial.
EARTH'BOUND, a. Fastened by the pressure of the earth.
EARTH'BRED, a. Low ; abject ; groveling.
EARTH'-€RE-aT'ED, a. Formed of earth. Youtkt.
EARTH'EN, (erth'n) a. Made of earth ; made of clay.
EARTH'FED, a. Low; abject. B. Jonson.
EARTH'FLAa, w, Amianth j a fibrous, ilexile, elastic min-
EARTH'1-NESS, n. The quality of being earthy, or of con-
taining earth ; grossness. Johnson.
EARTH'LI-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being earthly ; gross-
ness. . 2. Worldliness ; strong attachment to worldly things.
EARTH'LING, n. An inhabitant of tlie earth ; a mortal ;
a frail creature. Drummond.
EARTH'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the earth, or to this world.
2. Not heavenly; vile; mean. 3. Belonging to our pres-
ent state. 4. Belonging to the earth or world ; carnal ;
vile ; as opposed to spiritual or heavenly. 5. Corporeal ;
not mental.
EARTH'LY-MIND'ED, a. Having a mind devoted to
earthly things.
EARTH'LY-MiND'ED-NESS, n. Grossness ; sensuality ;
extreme devotedness to earthly objects.
EARTH'NUT, n. The groundnut, or root of the arachis ;
a small round bulb or knob, like a nut.
EARTH'NUT, n. The pignut, or bunium ; a globular root.
EARTH'Q,UAKE, n. A shaking, trembling or concussion
of the earth ; sometimes a slight tremor ; at other times a
violent shaking or convulsion ; at other times a rocking
or heaving of the earth.
EARTH'SHaK-ING, a. Sliaking the earth ; having power
to shake the earth. Milton.
EARTH'WoRM, n. I. The dew-worm, a species of Zwm-
bricus ; a worm that lives under ground. 2. A mean,
sordid wretch.
E ARTH'Y, a. I. Consisting of earth. 2. Resembling earth.
3. Partaking of earth ; terrene. 4. Inhabiting the earth ;
terrestrial. 5. Relating to earth. 6. Gross; not refined.
7. Earthy fracture, in mineralogy, is when the fracture of
_ a mineral is rough.
EASE, (eze) n. [Pr. aise ; Arm. aez.] 1. Rest ; an undis-
turbed state. Applied to the body, freedom from pain,
disttirbance, excitement or annoyance. — 2. Applied to the
mind, a quiet state ; tranquillity ; freedom from pain,
concern, anxiety, solicitude, or anything that frets or
ruffles the mind. 3. Rest from labor. 4. Facility ; free-
dom from difficulty or great labor. 5. Freedom from stiff-
ness, harshness, forced expressions, or unnatural arrange-
ment, 6. Freedom from constraint or formality ; unaf-
fectedness. — J!t ease, in an undisturbed state ; free from
pain or anxiety.
£ASE, V. t. 1. To free from pain or any disquiet or annoy-
ance, as the body ; to relieve ; to give rest to. 2. To free
from anxiety, care or disturbance, as the mind. 3. To
remove a burden from, either of body or mind. 4. To
mitigate ; to alleviate ; to assuage ; to abate or remove in
part any burden, pain, grief, anxiety or disturbance. 5.
To quiet ; to allay ; to destroy. — To ease off or ease away,
in seamen^s language, is to slacken a rope gradually.—
To ease a ship, is to put the helm hard alee, to prevent
_ her pitching, when close-hauled.
KASE'FUL, tt. Quiet; peaceful; fit for rest. Shak.
EASE FUL-LY, arit). With ease or quiet. Shcrxcood.
kAS'EL, 71. The frame on which painters place their canvas.
iT.ASE'LESS, a. Wanting ease. Donne,
EASEMENT, n. I. Convenience ; accommodation ; that
which gives ease, relief or assistance. Swift.— 2. In law,
any privilege or convenience which one man has of an-
other, either by prescription or charter, without profit ;
as a way through his land, &c.
EAS'I-LY, adv. I. Without difficulty or great labor ; with-
out great exertion, or sacrifice of labor or expense. 2,
Without pain, anxiety or disturbance ; in tranquillity. 3.
Readily ; without the pain of reluctance. 4. Smoothly ;
quietly ; gently ; without tumult or discord. 5. Without
violent shaking or jolting.
EAS'I-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from difficulty ; ease. 2.
Flexibility ; readiness to comply ; prompt compliance ; a
yielding or disposition to yield without opposition or re-
luctance. 3. Freedom from stiffness, constraint, effort or
formality. 4. Rest ; tranquillity ; ease ; freedom from
pain. Ray, 5. Freedom from shaking or jolting, as of a
_ moving vehicle. 6. Softness.
eAS'INGS, 7). plu. 1. The eavea of houses. Grose. JVortk
_ of England. 2. Dung ; as, cow's casings. Craven Dialect.
EAST, n. [Sax. east.] 1. The point in the heavens, where
the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or when it is in the
equinoctial, or the corresponding point on the earth ; one
of the four cardinal points. 2. The eastern parts of the
earth ; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe,
_ or other country.
EAST, a. Towards the rising sun; or towards the point
where the sun rises, when in the equinoctial.
eAS'TER, n. [Sax. easter.] A festival of the Christian
church, observed in commemoration of our Savior's res-
urrection. It answers to the pascha or passover of the
Hebrews, and most nations still give it this name, pascha,
_ pask, paqite.
eAS'TER-LING, n. 1. A native of some country eastward
of another. 2. A species of waterfowl.
EAS'TER-LING. See Sterling.
EAS'TER-LY, a. I. Coming from the eastward. 2. Situ-
ated towards the east. 3. Towards the east. 4. Looking
_ towards the east.
E AS'TER-LY, adv. On the east ; in the direction of east.
eAS'TERN, a. [Sax. eastern.'] 1. Oriental ; being or
dwelling in the east. 2. Situated towards the east ; on
the east part. 3. Going towards the east, or in the direc-
_ tion of east.
eAST'WARD, adv. Tovv^ard the east ; in the direction of
_ east from some point or place.
eAS'Y, (e'zy) a. 1. Quiet ; being at rest ; free from pain,
disturbance or annoyance. 2. Free from anxiety, care,
solicitude or peevishness ; quiet ; tranquil. 3. Giving no
pain or disturbance. 4. Not difficult ; that gives or re-
quires no great labor or exertion ; that presents no great
obstacles. 5. Not causing labor or difficulty. 6. Smooth;
not uneven : not rough or very hilly ; that may be trav-
eled with ease. 7. Gentle ; moderate ; not pressing. 8.
Yielding with little or no resistance ; complying ; credu-
lous. 9. Ready; not unwilling. 10. Contented-, satis-
fied. 11. Giving ease ; freeing from labor, care or the
fatigue of business ; furnishing abundance without toil ;
affluent. 12. Not constrained ; not stiff or formal. 13.
Smooth; flowing'; not harsh. 14. Not jolting. 15. Not
heavy or burdensome.
EAT, V. t. ; pret. ate ; pp. eat or eaten. [Sax. hitan, eatan,
ytan and etan.] 1. To bite or chew and swallow, as food.
2. To corrode ; to wear away ; to separate parts of a thing
gradually. 3. To consume ; to waste. 4. To enjoy. 5.
To consume ; to oppress. 6. To feast. — In Scripture, to
eat the flesh of Christ, is to believe on him and be nour-
ished by faith. — To cat owe'.? words, is to swallow back ,
_ to take back what has been uttered ; to retract. Hadibras.
EAT, v.i. 1 . To take food ; to feed ; to take a meal, or to
board. 2. To take food ; to be maintained in food. — To
eat, or to eat in or into, is to make way by corrosion ; to
gnaw ; to enter by gradually wearing or separating the
_ parts of a substance. — To eat out, to consume.
eAT'X-BLE, a. That may be eaten ; fit to be eaten; proper
_ for food ; esculent.
eAT'A-BLE, n. Any thing that may be eaten ; that which
_ is fit for food ; that which is used as food.
eAT'A6E, n. Food for horses and cattle from the after-
math. See After-eatage.
EAT'EN, (5'tn) pp. Chewed and swallowed ; consumcvl ;
corroded.
eAT'ER, n. One who eats ; that which eats or corrodes ; a
corrosive.
t_EATH, a. and adv. Easy ; easily.
kAT'IN'G, ppr. Chewing and swallowing ; consuming ;
corroding.
eAT'ING-HOUSE, n. A house v/here provisions are sold
ready dressed.
eAV'ER, or EEV'ER, n. A cornerorquarter of the heavens;
as, the wind is in the rainy eaver. Cheshire Gloss.
EAVES, n. plu. [Sax. efese.] The edge or lower border of
the roof of a building, which overhangs the walls, and
casts off the water that falls on the roof.
EAVES'-DROP, v. i. To stand under the eaves or near tf.e
Avindows of a house, to listen and leam what is said
within doors.
eAVES'-DROP'-PER, n. One who stands under the eaves
or near the window or door of a house, to listen and hear
what is said within doors.
EBB, n. [Sax. ebbe, ebba.] 1. The reflux of the tide ; tho
return of tide water towards the sea ; opposed to flood or
flowing. 2. Decline ; decay ; a falling from a better to a
worse state. ^,
EBB, V. i. [Sax. ebban.] 1. To flow back ; to return as the
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— €ag K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete
ECH
284
ECS
water of a tide towards the ocean ; opposed to flow. 2.
To decay ; to decline ; to return oi' fall back firom a better
to a worse state.
EBB'ING, ppr. Flowing back ; declining ; decaying.
EBFING, n. The reflux of the tide.
EBB'TIDE, n. The reflux of tide-water ; the retiring tide.
t EB'EN,_or j EB'ON, n. The same as ehomj.
EB'I-O-NlTE, 71. The Rhimdtcs were heretics who denied
the divinity of Christ, and rejected many parts of the
Scriptures.
EB'I-O-NiTE, a. Relating to the heresy of the Ebionites.
Whiston.
EB'ON,_a. Consisting of ebony ; like ebony 5 black.
EB'O-NiZE, V. t. To make black or tawny ; to tinge with
the color of ebony. Walsh.
£B'0-NY, 71. [L. ebenus.] A species of hard, heavy and
durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss.
EB'O -NY-TREE, n. The ebenus, a small tree.
E-BRA€ TE-ATE, a. In botany, without a bractea or floral
leaf^
E- BRi'E-TY, 11. [L. ebrietas.'] Drunkenness ; intoxication
by spirituous liquors.
E-BRIL'LADE, 71. [Fr.] A check given to a horse, by a
sudden jerk of one rein, when he refuses to turn,
E-BRI-OS'I-TY, n. [L. ebriosiias.'] Habitual drunkenness.
E BUL'LIEN-CY, 71. [See Ebullition.] A boiling over.
Cudworth.
£-BUL'LIENT, a. Boiling over, as a liquor. Young.
EB-UL-LI"TION, n. [L. ebullitio.] 1. The operation of
boiling ; the agitation of a liquor by heat, which tlirows it
up in bubbles. 2. Eflervescence, which is occasioned by
fermentation, or by any other process which causes the
extrication of an aeriform fluid, as in the mixture of an
acid with a cai-bonated alkali.
E-€AU'DATE, a. In botany, without a tail or spur.
E€-CEN'TRI€, ) a. [L. eccentricus.] 1. Deviating or
E€-CEN'TRI-€AL, ] departing from the centre.— 2. In
geometry, not having the same centre. 3. Not tenninat-
mg in the same point, nor directed by the same prmciple.
4. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice or estab-
lished forms or laws ; irregular ; anomalous ; departmg
from the usual course ; as, an eccentric genius.
EC-CEN'TRI€, n. 1. A circle not having the same centre
as another. 2. That which is irregular or anomalous.
E€>-CEN-TRIC'I-TY, n. 1. Deviation from a centre. 2.
Tlie state of having a centre diflerent from that of another
circle. — 3. In astronomy, the distance of the centre of a
planet's orbit from the centre of the sun ; that is, the dis-
tance between the centre of an ellipse and its focus. 4.
Departure or deviation from that which is stated, regular
or usual. 5. Excursion from the proper sphere.
EC-CHY-MOSIS, n. [Gr. e/cvv/twat?.] In medicine, an
appearance of livid spots on the skin, occasioned by ex-
travasated blood.
EC-CLE-SI-AS'TES, n. [Gr.] A canonical book of the Old
Testament.
EC-€LE-SI-AS'TI€, ) a. [Gr. tKK\r,aia(jTiKog.] Pertain-
Ee-CLE-Sf-AS'TI-CAL, S ing or relating to the church.—
Ecclesiastical state is the body of the clergy.
E€-€LE-SI-AS'TI€, 71. A person in orders, or consecrated
to the service of the church and the ministry of religion.
Ee-€LE-Sl-AS'TI-€US, n. A book of the Apocrypha.
Ee-eO-PROT'I€, a. [Gr. zk and /co-poj-] Having the qual-
ity of promoting alviue discharges ; laxative ; joosening ;
gently cathartic.
E€-F.O-PR0T'I€, 71. A medicine which purges gently ; a
mild cathartic. Coxe.
ECrl-E-LON', n. [Fr.] In military tactics, the position of
an army in the form of steps, or with one division more
advanced than another. Wellington.
E€H'1-^'ATE, la. [L. echimis.'] Set with prickles;
ECH'I-NA-TED, ) prickly, like a hedgehog ; having sharp
points; bristled. Martyn.
E€H'1N-ITE, 71. A fossil found in chalk pits, called cen-
tronia.
E-eHT'NUS, 77. [L.] 1. A hedgehog. 2. A shell-fish set
witli prickles or spines. — 3. With botanists,^ ■gxXcl'.ly head
or top of a plant; an echinated pericarp. — 1. In architec-
ture, a member or ornament near the bottom of Ionic,
Corinthian or Composite capitals.
ECH'O, 71. [L. echo.'] 1. A sound reflected or reverberated
from a sqlid body ; sound returned ; repercussion of sound.
— ^2. In fabulous history, a nymph, the daughter of the
Air and Tellus, who pined into a sound, for love of Nar-
cissus.^. In architecture, a vault or arch for redoubling
sounds.
ECH'O, v.i. 1. To resound; to reflect sound. 2. To be
sounded back.
ECH'O, V. t. To reverberate or send back sound ; to return
what has been uttered.
ECH'OED, pp. Reverberated, as sound.
E€H'0-ING, ppr. Sending back sound.
E-€HOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. r]')^os and //crpov.] Among musi-
cians, a scale or rule, serving to measure the duration of
sounds.
E-eUOM'E-TRY, «. 1. The art or act of measuring the
duration of sounds. 2. The art of constmcting vaults to
produce echoes.
E-€LaIR'CiSE, v. t. [Ft. eclair dr.'] To make clear ; to
explain ; to clear up what is not understood or misunder-
stood.
* E-CLaIR'CISSE-MENT, (ek-klare'seez-ma n. [Fr.]
Explanation ; the clearing up of any thing not before un-
derstood.
E-CLAMP'SY, n. [Gr. wXa^'/'tj.] A shining ; a flashing
of light ; a symptom of epilepsy. Hence, epilepsy itself.
* E-CLAT', (e-kla') n. [Fr.] 1. A burst of applause ; accla-
mation j applause 3 approbation j renown. 2. Splendor ;
show ; pomp.
EC-LEC'TIC, a. [Gx. iKkiKriKos.] Selecting; choosing;
an epithet given to certain philosophers of antiquity, who
did not attach themselves to any particular sect, but select-
ed from the opinions and principles of each what they
thoi'ght solid and good.
EC-LEC'TIC, 71. I. A philosopher who selected from the
various systems such opinions and principles as he judged
to be sound and rational. 2. A Christian who adhered to
the doctrines of the Eclectics. Also, one of a sect of phy-
sicians.
EC-LEC'TI-CAL-LY, adv. By way of choosing or select-
ing ; in the manner of the eclectical philosophers.
EC-LEGM', (ek-lem') n. [Gr. £« and \ei')(y>,] A nledicme
made by the incorporation of oils with sirups.
E-CLlPSE', (e-klips') n. [L. eclipsis.] \. Literally, a iefect or
failure ; hence, in astronomy, an interception or obscura-
tion of the light of the sun, moon or other luminous body.
2. Darkness ; obscuration.
E-CLiPSE', (e-khps') v. t. 1. To hide a luminous body, in
whole or in part, and intercept its rays. 2. To obscure ;
to darken, by intercepting the rays of light which render
luminous. 3. To cloud ; to darken ; to obscure. 4. To
disgrace. 5. To extinguish.
E-CIjIPSE', (e-klips') v. i. To suflTer an eclipse. Milton.
E-CLiPS'ED, (e-klipsf) pp. Concealed 3 darkened ; obscur-
ed ; disgraced.
E-CLIPS'ING, ppr. Concealing; obscuring; darkening;
clouding.
E-CLIP'TIC, n. [Gr. eKXunTiKog.] 1. A great circle of the
sphere supposed to be drawn through the middle of the
zodiac, making an angle with the equinoctial of 23° 30',
which is the sun's greatest declination. Tne ecliptic is
the apparent path of the sun. — 2. In geography, a great
circle on the ten-estriai globe, answermg to and faUing
within the plane of the celestial ecliptic.
E-CLIP'TIC, a. Pertainmg to or described by the ecliptic.
2. Suffering an eclipse. Herbert.
ECLOGUE, (ek'log) n. [Gr. EK'koyTi.] A pastoral poem, in
which shepherds are introduced conversing with each
other.
EC-O-NOM'IC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to the regulation of
EC-0-NOM'I-CAL, \ household concerns. 2. Managing
■ domestic or public pecuniary concerns with frugality. 3.
Frugal; regulated by frugality; not wasteful or extravagant.
EC-0-NOM'I-CAL-LY, adv. With economy; with frugality
E-COA"'0-MIST, 71. 1. One who manages domestic or other
concerns with frugality. 2. One who writes on economy;
the writerof a treatise on economy .
E-CON'O-MiZE, V. i. To manage pecuniary concerns with
frugality ; to make a prudent use of money, or of the
means of saving or acquiring property.
E-CON'0-MiZE, V. t. To use with prudence; to expend
with frugalitv.
E-CON'O-MlZED, pp. Used with frugality.
E-CON'O-MIZ-ING, ppr. Using with frugality.
E-CON'O-MY, n. [L. ceconomia.] 1. The management,
regulation and government of a family or the concerns of
a household. 2. The management of pecuniary concerns
or the expenditure of money. 3. A frugal and judicious
use of money ; frugahty in the necessary expenditure of
money. It differs fi-om parsimony, which implies an im-
proper saving of expense. — 4. The disposition or arrange-
ment of any work. Dry den. 5. A system of rules, regu-
lations, rites and ceremonies. 6. The regular operations
of nature in the generation, nutrition and preservation of
animals or plants. 7. Distribution or due order of things.
8. Judicious and frugal management of public affaks. 9
System of management ; general regulation and disposi-
tion of the affaus of a state or nation, or of any depart-
ment of government.
EC-PHRAC'TIC. a. [Gr. ek and (ppuTTco.] In medicine, de-
obstruent ; attenuating.
EC-PHRAC'TIC, n. A medicine which dissolves or atten-
uates viscid matter, and removes obstructions.
EC'STA-SIED, a. Enraptured ; ravished ; transported ; de-
lighted.
EC'STA-SY, 71. [Gr. EKCTaais.] 1. A fixed state ; a trance
* See Synapsis, a, E, T, O, U, ^, long.—FkR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARKNE, BIRD :— t Obsolete.
EDG
285
EDU
a state in which the mind is arrested and fixed, or, as we
say, lost ; a state in which the functions of the senses are
suspended by the contemplation of some extraordinary or
supernatural object. 2. Excessive joy ; rapture ; a de-
gree of delight that arrests the whole mind. 3. Enthusi-
asm ; excessive elevation and absorption of mind ; ex-
treme delight. 4. Excessive grief or anxiety ; [not used.]
Shak. 5. Madness ; distraction ; [not used.] Shak.—6. In
medicine, a species of catalcpsrj, when the person remem-
bers, after the paroxysm is over, the ideas he had during
the fit.
Ee'STA-SY, V. t. To fill with rapture or enthusiasm.
E€-STAT'I€, )a. 1. Arresting the mind ; suspending
j!l€-STAT'I-€AL, \ the senses ; entrancing. 2. Raptur-
ous ; transporting ; ravishing ; delightful beyond measme
3. Tending to external objects ; [not used.]
EC'T^-PAL, a. Taken from the original. Ellis.
t E€'TyPE, n. [Gr. £ktvt:o5.] A copy. Locke.
£€-U-MEN'I€, ) a. [Gr. oikovuzvikos.] General ; uni-
E€-U-MEN'I-€AL, \ versal.
E€'U-RIE, n. [Fr.] A stable ; a covered place for horses.
E-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. edax.] Eating 3 given to eating 5 gree-
dy 3 voracious.
E-DAC'I-TYj n. [L. edacitas.] Greediness 5 voracity ; rav-
enousness 3 rapacity.
ED'DER, 71. [qu. Sax. eder.] In husbandry, such wood as
is worked into the top of hedge-stakes to bind tliem to-
g-ether.
ED'DER, n. [Sax. (etter.] A viper.
ED'DER, V. t. To bind or make tight by edder 5 to fasten
the tops of hedge-stakes, by interweaving edder, Eng-
land. _
ED'DISH, or eAD'ISH, n. The latter pasture or grass that
comes after mowing or reaping 5 called also eagrass,
carsh, etch. [JVot used, I believe, in America.]
ED'DOES, or ED'DERS, n. A name given to a variety of
the arum esculentum, an esculent root.
ED'DY, 71. [Sax. ed and ea.] I. A current of water running
back, or in a direction contrary to the main stream. 2. A
whirlpool 3 a current of water or air in a circular direction.
EDDY, V. i. To move circularly, or as an eddy.
ED'DY, a. Whirling 3 moving circularly. Drydcn.
ED'DY-WA'TER, 71. Among seamen, the \vater which
falls back "on the rudder of a ship under sail, called dead-
water
ED'DY-WIND, 71. The wind returned or beat back from a
sail, a mountain or any thing that hinders its passage.
ED'E-LITEj 71. A siliceous stone of a light gray color.
E-DEM'A-TOUS, a. [Gr. olStjiiu.] Swelling with a serous
humor 3 dropsical.
E-DEN, 71. [Heb,] The country and garden in which Adam
and Eve were placed by God himself.
E'DEN-lZED, a. Admitted into Paradise. Davies.
E-DEN'TA-TED, a. [L. edentatus.] Destitute or deprived
of teeth. Diet.
t E-DEN-Ta'TION, n. A pulling out of teeth. Cockeram.
EDGE, 71. [Sax. ecg ; Dan. eg.] 1. In a general sense, the
extreme border or point of any thing. It is particularly
applied to the sharp border, the thin cutting extremity of
an instrument.— 2. Figuratively, that which cuts or pene-
trates 5 that which wounds or injures. 3. A narrow part
rising from a broader. 4. Sharpness of mind or appe-
tite 5 keenness 3 intenseness of desire 5 fitness for action
or operation. .5. Keenness 3 sharpness 5 acrimony. — To
set the teeth on edge, to cause a tingling or grating sensa-
tion in the teeth. Bacon.
EDGE, V. t. [W. hogi; Sax. eggian.] 1. To sharpen. 2.
To furnish with an edge. 3. To border 3 to fringe. 4.
To border 3 to furnish with an ornamental border. 5. To
sharpen 3 to exasperate 3 to embitter. 6 To incite 5 to
provoke 5 to urge on 3 to instigate 3 that is, to push on as
with a sharp point 3 to goad. 7. To move sideways 3 to
move by little and little.
EDGE, V. i. 1. To move sideways ; to move gradually.
2. To saU close to the wind. — To edge away, in sailing,
is to decline gradually from the shore or from the line of
the course. — To edge in -with, to draw near to, as a ship in
chEising.
EDGED, pp. 1. Furnished with an edge or border. 2. In-
cited 5 instigated. 3. a. Sharp 3 keen.
EDGE'LESS,"a. Not sharp 5 blunt 3 obtuse 3 unfit to cut or
penetrate. Shak.
EDGE'TOOL, 71. An instrument having a sharp edge.
EDGE'WiSE, adv. 1. With the edge turned forward, or
towards a particular point ; in tlie direction of the edge.
2. Sideways 3 with the side foremost.
EDG'ING, ppr. 1. Giving an edge 3 furnishing with an
edge, 2, Inciting 3 urging on 3 goadmg 3 stimulating 3
instigating. 3. Moving gradually or sideways. 4. Fur-
nishing with a bordet.
EIDG'ING, 71, 1, That which is added on the border, or
which forms the edge 5 as lace, fringe, trimming, added
to a garment for ornament. 2. A narrow lace. — 3, In
gardening, a row of small plants set along the border of a
flower-bed.
ED'I-BLE, a. [L. edo.] Eatable 3 fit to be eaten as food •
esculent.
* E'DI€T, n. [L. edictum.] That which is uttered or pro-
claimed by authority as a rule of action 3 an order issued
by a prince to his subjects, as a rule or law requiring obe-
dience 3 a proclamation of command or prohibition.
ED'I-FI-€ANT, or E-DIF'I-€ANT, a. Building, [Little
used.]
ED-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [L, cedificatio.] 1, A building up, in
a moral and religious sense 3 instruction 3 improvement
and progress of the mind, in knowledge, in morals, or in
faith and holiness, 2, Instruction 3 improvement of the
mind in any species of useful knowledge.
ED'I-FI-€A-T0-RY, or E-DIF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Tending
to edification. Hall.
ED'I-FICE, n. [L. a:dijicium.] A building 3 a structure 3 a
fabricj but appropriately, a large or splendid building.
ED-I-Fl'CIAL, a. Pertaining to edifices or to structure.
ED'I-FlED, pp. Instructed 3 improved in literary, moral or
religious knowledge.
ED'I-Fi-ER, 71, One that improves another by instructing
him,
EDI-FY, V. t. [L. mdifico.] 1, To build, in a literal sense ;
[not 71010 used/] 2. To instruct and improve the mind in
knowledge generally, and particularly in moral Eind reli-
gious knowledge, in faith and holiness. 3. To teach or
persuade 3 [not used.]
ED'I-FY-ING, ppr. Building up in Christian knowledge 5
instructing 3 improving the mind.
ED'T-FY-ING-LY, adv. In an edifying manner.
E'DlLE, 71. [L. cedilis.] A Roman magistrate whose chief
business was to superintend buildings of all kinds, more
_ especiallv public edifices, temples, bridges, aqueducts, &c.
E'DlLE-SHIP, 7!. The ofiiceofedile in ancient Rome.
ED'IT, V. t. [L. edo.] 1. Properly, to publish 5 7noi-e tisu-
ally, to superintend a publication 5 to prepai-e a book or
paper for the public eye, by writing, correcting or select-
ing the matter. 2. To publish.
ED'IT-ED, pp. Published 3 corrected 3 prepared and pub-
lished.
ED'IT-ING, ppr. Publishing 3 preparing for publication.
E-Dl'TION, 71. [la.editio.] 1, The publication of any book
or writing. 2. Republication 5 sometimes with revision
and correction. 3. Any publication of a book before pub-
lished 3 also, one impression or the whole number of
copies published at once.
t E-Dl"l'ION-ER, n. The old word for editor. Gregory.
ED'I-TOR, 71. [L.l 1. A "pnhlishex ; particularly , -jl person
who superintends an impression of a book 3 the person
who revises, corrects and prepares a book for publication.
2. One who superintends the publication of a newspaper,
ED-I-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an editor 3 written by an
editor.
ED'I-TOR-SHIP, 71. The business of an editor.
t E-DIT'U-ATE, V. t. [Low L. mdituor.] To defend or
govern the house or temple.
ED'U-€ATE, X. t. [L. educo.] To bring up, as a child 3 to
instruct 3 to inform and enlighten the understanding 5 to
instill into the mind principles of arts, science, morals,
religion and behavior.
ED'U-€A-TED, pp. Brought up 5 instructed 3 furnished
with knowledge or principles 3 trained ; disciplined.
ED'U-€A-TING,ppr. Instructing 3 enlightening the under-
standing, and forming the manners.
ED-U-€aTION, 71. [L.. educatio.] The bringing up, as of a
child 5 instruction 5 formation of manners.
ED-U-OaTION-AL,' a. Pertaining to education 3 derived
from education. Smith.
EDU-€A-T0R, 71, One who educates, Beddoes.
E-DdCE', v. t. [L. educo.] To bring or draw out 3 to ex-
trEict 5 to produce from a state of occultation.
E-Du'CED, (e-diist') pp. Drawn forth 3 extracted 3 pro
duced.
E-Du'ClNGj ppr Drawing forth 3 producing.
E'DU€T, 71 [L. eductum.] Extracted matter 3 that which
is educed.
E-DU€'TION, 71, The act of drawing out or bringing into
view.
E-DU€T'OR, 71. That which brings forth, elicits or extracts
E-DUL'eO-RATE, v. t. [Low L. edulco.] 1. To purify , to
sweeten. — In c/teTjitsir?/, to render substances more mild,
by freeing them from acids and salts or other soluble im-
purities, by washing. 2. To sweeten, by adding sugar,
sirup, &;c.
E-DL'L'€0-RA-TED, pp. Sweetened 5 purified from acid or
saline substances, and rendered more mild.
E-DUL'€0-RA-TING, ppr. Sweetening 3 rendering more
mild,
E-DUL-€0-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of sweetening or ren-
dering more mild, by freeing from acid or saline sub-
stances, or from any soluble impurities, 2. The ari of
sweetening by admixture of some saccharine substance.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BULL, UNITE — € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete
EFF
286
EFF
E-DUL'€0-RA-T1VE, a. Having the quality of sweetening.
EEK. See Eke.
EEL, 11. [Sax. <eL] A species of murcBna, a genus of fishes
belonging io the order of apodes.
EEL'-FISH-ING, n. The act or art of catching eels,
EEL'POT, n. A kind of basket used for catching eels.
EEL'POUT, 71. A species of gadus, resembling an eel.
EEL'SKIN, n. The skin of an eel.
EEL'SPeAR, n. A forked instrument used for stabbing eels.
E'EN, contracted from even, which see.
EFF, n. A lizard.
t EF'FA-BLE, a. [L. effaUlis.] Utterable ; that may be ut-
tered or spoken.
EF-FaCE , V. t. [Fr. effacer.] 1. To destroy a figure on the
surface of any thing, whether painted or carved, so as to
render it invisible or not distinguishable. 2. To blot out ;
to erase, strike or scratch out, so as to destroy or render
illegible. 3. To destroy any impression on the mind ; to
wear away. — To deface is to injure or impair a figure ; to
efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible.
EF-Fa'CED, (ef-faste') pp. Eubbed or worn out ; destroy-
ed , as a figure or impression.
EF-Fa'CING, ppr. Destroying a figure, character or im-
pression, on any thing.
t EF-FAS'CIN-ATE. -y. t. To bewitch; to charm. Cockeram.
EF-FAS-CI-Na'TIO'N, -a. The act of being bewitched or
deluded. Shelford.
EF-FEeT', n. [L. effectjis.] 1. That which is produced by
an agent or cause. 2. Consequence ; event. 3. Purpose 5
general intent. 4. Consequence intended ; utility ; profit ;
advantage. 5. Force ; validity. 6. Completion ; perfec-
tion. .7. Reality ; not mere appearance ; fact. 8. In the
plural, effects are goods ; movables ; personal estate.
EF-FECT', V. t. 1. To produce, as a cause or agent ; to
cause to be. 2. To bring to pass ; to achieve 3 to accom-
plish.
EF-FE€T'ED, pp. Done ; performed ; accomplished.
EF-FECT'I-BLE, a. Thai may be done or achieved ; prac
ticable ; feasible. Broion.
EF-FECT'ING, ppr. Producing j performing ; accomphsh-
ing.
EF-FEGTION, n. In geovictry, a construction ; a propos'-
tion ; a problem or praxis, drawn from some genera,
proposition.
EF-FE€T'IVE, a. 1. Having the power to cause or pro-
duce; efficacious. 2. Operative; active; having *he
quality of producing effects. 3. Efficient ; causing to be.
4. Having the power of active operation ; able.
EF-FE€T'IVE-LY, adv. With effect ; powerfully ; with
real operation.
EF-FECT'LESS, a. Without effect; without advantage;
useless. Shak.
EF-FECT'OR, n. One who effects ; one who produces or
causes ; a maker or creator. Derham.
EF-FECT'U-AL, a. 1. Producing an effect, or the effect
desired or intended; or having adequate power or force
to produce the effect. 2. Veracious ; expressive of facts ;
[7iot tised.] Shak.
EF-FECT'tr-AL-LY, adv. With effect; efficaciously; in a
manner to produce the intended effect ; thoroughly.
EF-FECT'U-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being effectual.
Scott.
EF-FECT'U-ATE, v. t. [Fr. effectuer.] To brmg to pass ;
to achieve ; to accomplish ; to fuUfil. Sidney.
EF-FECT'U-A-TED, pp. Accomplished.
EF-FECT'lJ-A-TING, ppr. Achievmg ; performing to ef-
fect.
t EF-FE€T'U-OUS, a. Effectual. Barret.
t EF-FE€T'U-OUS-LY, adv. Effectually. Stapleton.
EF-FEM'I-NA-CY, n. 1. The softness, delicacy and weak-
ness in men, which are characteristic of the female sex,
but which in males are deemed a reproach;, unmanly
delicacy ; womanish softness or weakness. 2. Voluptu-
ousness ; indulgence in unmanly pleasures ; lascivious-
EF-FEM'I-NATE, a. [L. effwminatus.] 1. Having the
qualities of the female sex ; soft or delicate to an unmanly
degree; tender; womanish; voluptuous. 2. Womanish;
weak ; resembling the practice or qualities of the sex.
3. Womanlike, tender, in a sense not reproachful.
EF-FEM'I-NATE, v. t. To make womanish ; to unman ;
to weaken. Locke.
EP-FEM'I-NATE, v.i. To grow v/omanish or weak; to
melt into weakness.
EF-FEM'I-NATE-LY, adv. 1. In a womanish manner ;
weakly ; softly. 2. By means of a woman.
EF-FEM'I-NATE-NESS, n. Unmanlike softness.
EF-FEM-I-Na'TION, n. The state of one grown woman-
ish ; the state of being weak or unmanly. [Little used.]
t EF'FE-ROUS, a. [L. efferus.] Fierce ; wild ; savage.
Bp. King.
EF-FER-VESCE', (ef-fer-ves') v. i. [L. effervcscn.] To be
in natural commotion, like liquor when gently boiling ; to
bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when
some part escapes in an elastic form ; to work, as new
wine.
EF-FER-VES'CENCE, n. A kind of natural ebullition,
that commotion of a fluid, which takes place when some
part of the mass flies off" in an elastic form, producuig in-
numerable small bubbles.
EF-FER-VES'CENT, a. Gently boiling or bubbling, by
means of the disengagement of an elastic fluid.
EF-FER-VES'CI-BLE, a. That has the quality of efferves-
cing ; capable of producing effervescence.
EF-FER-VES'CING, ppr. Boilhig ; bubbling, by means of
an elastic fluid extricated in the dissolution of bodies.
EF-FkTE', a. [L. effmtus, effetus.] 1. Barren ; not capa-
ble of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the
earth. 2. Worn out with age.
EF-FI-€a'CIOUS, a. [L. efficax.] Effectual; productive of
eflTects ; producing the effiect intended ; having power ad-
equate to the purpose intended ; powerful.
EF-FI-Ca'CIOUS-LY, adv. Effectually ; in such a manner
as to produce the effect desired.
EF-FI-Ca'CIOUS-NESS, 71. The quality of being effica-
cious.
EF'PI-CA-CY, n. [Sp., It. efficacia.] Power to produce ef-
fects ; production of the effect intended.
EF-Fi"CIENCE, ) n. [L. efficiens.] 1. The act of produ-
EP-Fi"CIEN-CY, ji cmg effects ; a causing to be or exist;
efl^ectual agency. 2. Power of producing the effect in-
tended ; active competent power.
EF-1I"CIENT, a. Causing effects ; producing ; that causes
any thing to be what it is.
EF-FI"CIENT, v.. 1. The agent or cause which produces
or causes to exist. 2. He that makes.
EF-FI"CIENT-LY, adv. With effect ; effectively.
t EF-FIERCE' (ef-fers') v. t. To make fierce or furious.
EF-FI6'I-AL, a. Exhibiting an efligy. Crit. Hist. Pam-
phlets.
t EF-FIG'I-ATE, v. t. [L. effigio.'] To form in semblance ;
to image. Dean King.
t EF-FIG-I-a'TION, n. The act of imaging. Diet.
EF'FI-GY, n. [L. effigies.'] 1. The image or likeness of a
person ; resemblance ; representation ; any substance fash-
ioned into the shape of a person. 2. Portrait ; likeness ;
figure, in sculpture or painting. 3. On coins, the print or
impression representing the head of the prince who stmck
the coin. — To burn or hang in effigy, is to burn or hang an
image or picture of the person intended to be executed .
disgraced or degraded.
EF-FLaTE', v. t. [L. effio.] To fill with breath or ^ir.
[Little used.]
EF-FLO-RESCE', (ef-flo-res') v. t. [L. efflm-esco.] 1. In
chemistry, to form a mealy powder on the surface ; to be-
come pulverulent or dusty on the surface. 2. To form sc
line vegetation on the surface ; or, rather, to shoot out mi-
nute spicular crystals.
EF-FLO-RES'CENCE, 71. 1. In 60^7?,?/, the time of flower-
ing ; the season when a plant shows its first blossoms.— 2.
Among physicians, a redness of the skin ; eruptions ; as in
rash, measles, small-pox, scarlatina, &c. — 3. In chemistry,
the formation of small white threads, resembling the sub-
limated matter, called flowers, on the surface of certain
bodies, as salts.
EF-FLO-RES'CENT, a. Shooting into white threads or
spiculcB ; forming a white dust on the surface.
EF'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. effitievs.] A flowing out ; that which
flows or issues from any body or substance.
EF'FLU-ENT, a. Inflammatory. Chambers.
EF-FLU'VI-UM, n. ; plii. Effluvia. [L,] The minute
and often invisible particles which exhale from most if
not all terrestrial bodies ; such as the odor or smell of
plants, and the noxious exhalations from diseased bodies,
or putrefying animal or vegetable substances.
EF FLUX, n. [L. effluxus.] 1. The act of flowing out, or is-
suing in a stream. 2. Eff"usion ; flow. 3. That which
flows out ; emanation.
t EF-FLUX', v. i. To run or flow away. Boijle.
EF-FLUX'ION, 71. [L. effiuxum.] 1. The act of flowing
out. 2. That which flows out ; effluvium ; emanation.
EF-FoRCE', v.t. [Fr. effm-cer.] 1. To force; to break
through by violence. 2. To force; to ravish. 3. To
strain ; to exert with effort.
t EF-FORM', V. t. To fashion ; to shape
t EF-FORM-A'TION, n. The act of giving shape or form.
EF'FoRT, 71. [Fr. effort.] A straining; an exertion of
strength ; endeavor ; strenuous exertion to accomplish an
object.
EF-FOS'SION, 71. [L. effossus.] The act of digging out of
the earth. Arbutlmot.
t EF-FRa Y', V. t. [Fr. effratjer.] To frighten. Spenser.
T EF-FRaY'A-BLE, a. Frightful ; dreadful. Harvey.
t EF-FRE-Na'TION, 71. [L. effrcenatio.] Unbridled rash
ness or license ; unruliness
EF-FR6NT'ER-Y, n. [Fr. effronterie.] Impudence ; assur
ance ; shameless boldness ; sauciness ; boldness trana«
grossing the bounds of modesty and decorum.
Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y,
-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;
f Obsolete.
EGR
287
ELA
EF-PUL<iE', (ef-fulJO v. i. [L. effulgeo.] To send forth a
flood of light ; to shine with splendor.
EF-FUL'6EJSlOE, n. A flood of light ; great lustre or bright-
ness ; splendor.
EF-FUL'6ENT, a. Shining ; bright ; splendid ; difiusing a
flood of light.
EF-FUL'GING, ppr. Sending out a flood of light. Sav-
age.
EF-FU-MA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of flying ofi" in fumes
or vapor. Boyle.
f EF-FuME', V. t. To breathe out. Spenser.
j-EF-FUND', 1?. t. [L.effando.] To pour out.
EF-FuSE', (ef-fuze') v. t. [L. effusiis.] To pour out, as a
fluid I to spill 5 to shed. Milton.
f EF-FuSE', a. Dissipated ; profuse. Richardson.
t EF-FuSE', n. Waste ; eff'usion. Shak.
EF-FuS'ED, (ef-fuzd') pp. Poured out; shed.
EF-FuS'ING, (ef-ffiz'ing) ppr. Pouring out ; shedding.
EF-FU'SION, (ef-fu'zhun) n. 1. The act of pouring out as
a liquid. 2. The act of pouring out ; a shedding or spill-
ing ; waste. 3. The pouring out of words. 4. The act
of pouring out or bestowing divine influence. 5. That
which is poured out. 6. Liberal donation ; [not used.]
EF-FtJ'SIVE, a. Pouring out; that pours forth largely.
EFT, 71. [Sax. efeta.] A newt; an evet; the common liz-
ard.
f EFT, adv. [Sax.] After; again; soon; quickly. Spenser.
f EFT-SOONS', adv. [Sax. eft, and sona, sones.l Soon after-
wards; in a short time. Spenser.
E. G. [L. exempli gratia.] For the sake of an example ; for
instance.
E-Gy^D'j exclam. Good fortune ; as we say, my stars 1
IS'GER, or eA'GRE, n. An impetuous flood ; an irregular
_tide. Brown.
E'GER-AN, n. A subspecies of pyramidical garnet.
fE-GERM'I-NATE. See Germinate.
E-GEST', V. t. [L. egestum.] To cast or throw out ; to void,
as excrement.
E-6ES'TION, n. [L. egestio.] The act of voiding digested
matter at the natural vent.
EGG, n. [Sax. ceg ; Dan. eg.] A body foimed in the females
of fowls and certain other animals, containing an embryo
or fetus of the same species, or the substance from which
a like animal is produced.
EGG, to incite, is a mere blunder. See Edge.
EGG'BiRD, 7t. A fowl, a species of tern. Cook^s Voyages.
EG'GER, 71. One who excites. Sherwood.
EG'GER-Y. SeeETRV.
EG'GING, 71. Incitement. Cleaveland.
E-GI-L0P'I-€AL, a. Affected witli the egilops.
E'GI-LOPS, n. [Gr. aiytXw;/'.] Goat's eye ; an abscess in
_ the inner canthus of the eye ; fistula lachi-ymalis,
E'GIS. See ^Gis.
E-GLAND'U-LOUS, a. Destitute of glands.
EG'LAN-TIJN'E, n. [Fr. eglantier.] A species of rose ; the
sweet-brier ; a plant bearing an odoriferous flower.
EG'LOGUE. See Eclogue.
E'GO-ISM, or E'GO-MISM, .n. [L. ego.] The opinion of
those who profess themselves uncertam of every thing
_ but their own existence. Baxter.
E'GO-IST, n. [ from L. ego.] A name given to certain fol-
lowers of Des Cartes, who held the opinion that they were
uncertain of every thing except their own existence, and
the operations and ideas of their own minds.
E-Go'I-TY, n. Personality. [JVot authorized.] Swift.
E'GO-TISM, n. [Fr. egoisme.] Primarily, the practice of
too frequently using the word /. Ilehce, a speaking or
writing much of one's self; self-praise; self-commenda-
tion ; the act or practice of magnifying one's self, or mak-
_ ing one's self of importance. Spectator.
E'GO-TiST, n. One who repeats the word / very often in
conversation or writing ; one who speaks much of him-
self, or magnifies his own achievements ; one who makes
himself the hero of every tale.
E-GO-TIST'I€, I a. 1. Addicted to egotism. 2. Con-
E-GO-TIST'I-€AL, ) taining egotism.
E'GO-TiZE, v. i. To talk or write much of one's self; to
mak^ pretensions to self-importance.
E-GPi.E'GlOUS, a. [L. egregius.] 1. Eminent ; remarka-
ble ; extraordinary ; distinguished. 2. In a bad sense,
great ; extraordinary ; remarkable ; enormous ; as, an
egregious mistake.
E-GRe'6I0US-LY, adv Greatly ; enormously ; shameful-
ly ; usually in a bad sense.
E-GRE'GIOUS-NESS, n. The state of being great or extra-
_ ordinary.
E'GRESS, n. [L. egressus.] The act of going or issuing out,
or the power of departing from any inclosed or confined
place.
E-GRES'SION, n. [Ij. egressio.] The act of going out from
_ any inclosure or place of confinement.
E'GRET, n. [Fr. aigrette.] 1. The lesser white heron, a
fowl of the genus ardea. — 2. In botany, the flying feathery
or hairy crown of seeds, as the down of the thistle.
EG'RI-MO-NY,
Great sorrow :
t. 1. The herb agrimony. Cotgrave, 2
mef. Cockeram.
E'GRl-OT, n. [Fr. aigre.] A kind of sour cherry.
E-GYFTIAN, a. Pertaining to Egypt in Africa.
E-GYP'TIAN, 71. A native of Egypt ; also, a gifjsey.
Ei'DER, 71. [G., Sw. eirfer.] A species of duck.
Ei'DER-DOWN, n Down or soft feathers of the eides
duck.
EIGH, (a) exclam. An expression of sudden delight.
EIGHT, n. [Sax. iggat.] An island in a river.
EIGHT, (ate) a. [Sax. ahta, eahta, or ehta ; G. acJa.\
Twice four; expressing the number twice four.
EIGH'TEEN, (a'teen) a. Eight and ten united.
EIGH'TEENTPI, (a'teenth) a. The next m order after the
seventeenth.
EIGHT'FoLD, (ate'fold) a. Eight times the number or
quantity.
EIGHTH, (atth) a. Noting the number eight; the number
next after seven ; the ordinal of eight.
EIGFITH, n. In music, an interval composed of five tones
"and two semitones.
EIGHTH'LY, (atth'ly) adv. In the eighth place.
EIGH'TI-ETH, (a'te-eth) a. The next in order to the seven-
ty-ninth ; the eighth tenth.
EIGHT'SeORE, (ate'skore) a. or n. Eight times twenty ; a
hundred and sixty.
EIGH'TY, (a'ty) a. Sight times ten ; fourscore.
EIGNE, (ane) a. [Norm, aisne.] 1. Eldest; an epithet
used ill lav) to denote the eldest son. 2. Unalienable ; en-
_tailed ; belonging to the eldest son ; [not used.]
fEl'SEL, 71. [Sax.] Vinegar. More.
El'SEN-RAHM, v.. The red and brown eiseni-ahm, the scaly
_ red and brown hematite.
El'THER, a. or pron. [Sax. cegther ; egther.] 1. One or
another of any number. 2. One of two. 3. Each; every
one, separately considered. 4. This Avord, when applied
to sentences or propositions, is called a distributive or a
conjunction. It precedes the first of two or mon alterna-
tives, and is answered by or before the second or succeed-
ing alternatives.
E-JA€'U-LATE, v. t. [L. ejaculor.] To throw out; to
cast ; to shoot ; to dart.
E-JA€-U-La TION, n. 1. The act of throwing or darting
out with a sudden force and rapid flight. Bacon. 2. The
uttering of a short prayer ; or a short occasional prayer
uttered. Taylor.
E-JAC'U-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Suddenly darted out ; uttered
in short sentences. 2. Sudden ; hasty. 3. Casting ;
throwing out.
E-JECT', v.t. [Ij. ejicio, ejectum.] 1. To throw out; to
cast forth ; to thrust out, as from a place inclosed or con-
fined. 2. To discharge through the natural passages or
emunctories ; to evacuate. 3. To throw out or expel
from an ofiice ; to dismiss from an ofiiQe ; to turn out. 4.
To dispossess of land or estate. 5. To drive away ; to
expel ; to dismiss with hatred. 6, To cast away ; to re-
ject ; to banish
E-JE€T'ED, pp. Thrown out ; thrust out ; discharged ;
evacuated ; expelled ; dismissed ; dispossessed ; rejected.
E-JE€T'ING, ppr. Casting out ; discharging ; evacuating ;
expelling; dispossessing; rejecting.
E-JECTION, n. [L. ejectio.] 1. The act of casting out ;
expulsion. 2. Dismission from ofiice. 3. Dispossession ;
a turning out from possession by force or authority. 4.
The discharge of any excrementitious matter through the
pores or other emunctories; evacuation; vomiting. 5.
Rejection.
E-JE€T'MENT, n. 1. Literally, a casting out ; a dispos-
session. — 2. In la7D, a writ or action which lies for the re-
covery of possession of land from which the owner has
been ejected, and for trial of title.
E-JE€T'0R, n. One who ejects, or dispossesses another of
his land. Blackstone.
EJ-U-La'TION, 71. [L. ejulatio.] Outcry ; a wailing ; a loud
cry expressive of grief or pain ; mourning; lamentation.
EKE, 7J. t. [Sax. eacan.] 1. To increase ; to enlarge. 2. To
add to ; to supply what is wanted ; to enlarge by addition.
3. To lengthen ; to prolong. Shak.
EKE, adv. [Sax. eac] Also ; likewise ; in addition. [J^Tear
hi obsolete.]
EK-E-BERG'ITE, n. [from Ekeberg.] A mmeral.
EKED, pp. Increased ; lengthened.
eK'ING, p2"*- Increasing; augmenting; lengthening.
eK ing, n. Increase or addition.
E-LA, n. The highest note in the scale of music.
E LAB'O-RATE, v. t. [L. elaboro.] 1. To produce with
labor. 2. To improve or refine by successive operations
E-LAB'O-RATE, a. [L. elaboratus.] Wrought with labor;
finished with great diligence ; studied ; executed with
exactness.
E-L AB'O-RA-TED, pp. Produced with labor or study ; im-
proved.
E-L AB'O-RATE-LY adv. With great labor or study ; with
nice regard to exactness.
* S*? Synopsis . MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K j 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
ELE
288
ELE
E-LAB'O-RATE-NESS, n. The quality of being elaborate,
or wrought with great labor.
E-LAB'O-RA-TING, p/)r. Producing with labor; improv-
ing ; refining by successive operations.
E-LAB-O-Ka'TION, 71. Improvement or refinement by suc-
cessive operations. Ray.
E-LaIN', n. [Gr. eXaivos.] The oily or liquid principle of
oils and fats. Chevreul.
fE-LAMFlNG, a. Shining.
S-LANCE', V. t. [Fr. elancer.] To throw or shoot ; to hurl ;
_ to dart.
K'L AND, 71. A species of clumsy antelope in Africa.
E-La'O-LITE, 71. A mineral, called also fettstein [fat-stone]
from its greasy appearance.
E-LAPSE', (e-laps') v. i. [L, elapsus.] To slide away ; to
slip or glide away ; to pass away silently, as time.
E-LAPS'ED, (e-lapsf) pp. Slid or passed away, as time.
E-LAPS'ING, ppr. Sliding away ; gliding or passing away
silently, as time.
E-LAS'TI€, I a. [Fr. elastique ; It., Sp. elastico.]
E-LAS-Tl-€AL, J Springing back j having the power of
returning to the form from which it is bent, extended,
pressed or distorted j having the inherent property of re-
covering its former figure, after any external pressure,
which has altered that figure, is removed ; rebounding ;
flying back.
E-LAS'TJ-eAL-LY, adv. In an elastic manner ; by an elas-
tic power ; with a spring. Lee.
E-LAS-TIG'I-TY, n. The inherent property in bodies, by
wliich they recover their former figure or state, after ex-
ternal pressure, tension or distortion.
E-LaTE', a. [L. elatus.] Raised ; elevated in mind ;
flushed, as with success ; lofty ; haughty.
E-LaTE', v. t. 1. To raise or swell, as the mind or spirits ;
to elevate with success ; to puff up ; to make proud. 2.
To raise ; to exalt ; [unusual.]
B-LaT'ED, pp. Elevated in mind or spirits ; puffed up, as
with honor, success or prosperity.
E-LaT'ED-L.'^, adv. With elation.
EL-A-Te'RI-UM, n. A substance deposited from the very
acrid juice of the momordica elaterium, wild cucumber.
EL'A-TE-RY, 71. [Gr. eXareipa.] Acting force or elastic-
ity. [UnusuaL] Ray.
EL'A-TIN, 71. The active principle of the elaterium.
E-La'TION, n. An inflation or elevation of mind pro-
ceeding from self-approbation ; self-esteem, vanity or
pride, resulting from success. Hence, haughtiness ; pride
of prosperity.
E-La'TOR, 71. One who or that which elates. Cudworth.
EL'BOW, n. [Sax. elnbova, or elneboga.] 1. The outer
angle made by the bend of the arm. 2. Any flexure or
angle ; the obtuse angle of a wall, building or road. — To
be at the elbow, is to be very near ; to be by the side ; to
be at hand.
EL'BoW, V. t. 1. To push with the elbow. Dryden. 2. To
push or drive to a distance ; to encroach on.
EL'BoW, V. i. To jut mto an angle ; to project ; to bend.
EL'BoW-CHAIR, n. A chair with arms to support the
elbows ; an arm-chair. Oay.
EL'B5W-ROOM, n. Room to extend the elbows on each
side ; hence, in its usual acceptation, perfect freedom from
confinement ; ample room for motion or action.
fELD, 71. [Sax. eld, or wld.] 1. Old age; decrepitude.
Spenser. 2. Old people ; persons worn out with age.
ELD'ER, a. [Sax. ealdor, the comparative degree of eld,
now written old. See Old.] 1. Older; senior; having
lived a longer time ; born, produced or formed before
something else. 2. Prior in origin ; preceding in the date
of a commission.
ELD'ER, 71. 1. One who is older than another or others.
2. An ancestor. 3. A person advanced in life, and who,
on account of his age, experience and wisdom, is selected
for office.
ELD'ER, n. [Sax. ellarn.] A tree or genus of trees, the
sambucus, of several species.
ELD'ER-LY, a. Somewhat old ; advanced beyond middle
age ; bordering on old age.
ELD'ER-SHIP, 71. 1. Seniority ; the state of being older.
2. The office of an elder. 3. Presbytery ; order of elders.
ELD EST, a. [Sax. ealdest, superlative of eld, old.] Oldest ;
most advanced in age ; that was born before others.
ELD'ING, 71. [Sax. ailan.] Fuel. [Local.] Grose.
EL-E-AT'I€, a. An epithet given to a certain sect of phi-
losophers, so_ called from the town of Elea.
EL-E-€AM-PaNE', n. A genus of plants, the inula, of
many species.
E-LE€T', V. t. [L. electus.] i. To pick out; to select,
from among two or more, that which is preferred. 2. To
select or take from an office or employment; to choose
from among a number ; to select or manifest preference by
vote or designation. — 3. In theology, to designate, choose or
select as an object of mercy or favor. 4. To choose ; to
prefer ; to determine in favor of.
E-LE€T', a. I. Chosen ; taken by preference from among
two or more. — 2. In theology, chosen as the object of
mercy ; chosen, selected or designated to eternal life ; pre-
destinated in the divine counsels. 3. Chosen, but not in-
augurated, consecrated or invested with office.
E-LEGT', 71. 1. One chosen or set apart. 2. Chosen or de-
signated by God to salvation ; predestinated to glory as
the end, and to sanctification as the means. 3. Chosen;
selected ; set apart as a peculiar church and people.
fE-LECT'ANT, n. One who has the power of choosing-
Searck.
E-LE€T'ED, pp. Chosen ; preferred ; designated to office
by some act of the constituents, as by vote ; chosen or
predestinated to eternal life.
E-LE€T'ING, ppr. Choosing ; selecting from a number ;
preierring ; designating to otfice by choice or preference ;
designating or predestinating to eternal salvation.
E-LEC'TION, n. [L. electio.] 1. The act of choosing .
choice ; the act of selecting one or more from others. 2.
Tiie act of choosing a person to fill an office or employ-
ment, by any manifestation of preference, as by ballot,
uplifted hands, or viva voce. 3. Choic^^ ; voluntary prefer-
ence ; free will ; liberty to act or not. 4. Power of choos-
ing or selecting. 5. Discernment ; discrimination ; dis-
tinction. — 6. In theology, divine choice ; predetermination
of God, by which persons are distinguished as objects of
mercy, become subjects of grace, are sanctified and pre-
pared for heaven. 7. The public choice of officers. 8.
The day of a public choice of officers. 9. Those who are
elected.
E-LEC-TION-EER', v. i. To make interest for a candidate
at an election ; to use arts for securing the election of a
candidate.
E-LE€-TION-EER'ING, ppr. Using mfluence to procure
the election of a person.
E-LEC-TION-EER'ING, n. The arts or practices used for
securing the choice of one to oflSce.
E-LECT'IVE, a. 1. Dependent on choice. 2. Bestowed or
passing by election. 3. Pertaming to or consisting in
choice or right of choosing. 4. Exerting the power of
choice. 5. Selecting for combination.
E-LE€T'I\"E-LY, adv. By choice ; with preference of one
to another.
E-LE€T'OR, 71. One who elects, or one who has the right
of choice ; a person who has, by law or constitution, the
right of voting for an officer.
E-LECT'O-RAL, a. Pertaining to election or electors.
tE-LEC-TO-RAL'I-TY, n. Electorate.
E-LE€T'0-RATE, n. 1. The dignity of an elector in the
German empire. 2. The territory of an elector, in the
German empire.
E-LE€'TOR-ESS, n. The same as electress.
t E-LE€'TRE, 71. [L. electium.] Amber.
E-LE€T'RESS, rt. The wife or widow of an elector in the
German empire. Chesterfield.
E-LE€'TRI€, or E-LE€'TRI-€AL, a. [Fr. electrique.] 1.
Containing eiectricity, or capable of exhibiting it when
excited by friction. — 2. In general, pertaining to electric-
ity. 3. Derived from or produced by electricity. 4.
Communicating a shock like electricity.
E-LE€'TRie, n. Any body or substance capable of exhib-
iting electricity by means of friction or otherwise, and of
resisting the passage of it from one body to anotlier.
E-LE€'TRI-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of electricity, or
by means of it.
E-LE€-TRI"CIAN, ii. A person who studies electricity,
and investigates ils properties, by observation and exper-
iments ; one versed in the science of electricity.
E-LE€-TRIC'I-TY, n. The operations of a very subtil fluid,
v/hich appears to be diffused through most bodies, re-
markable for the rapidity of its motion, and one of the
most powerful agents in nature. The name is given to
the operations of this fluid, and to the fluid itself.
E-LE€'TRI-Fl-A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of receiving electrici-
ty, or of being charged with it ; that may become elec-
tric. 2. Capable of receiving, and transmitting the electric
fluid.
E-LEC TRI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of electrifying, or
state of being charged with electricity.
E-LE€'TRI-FlED, pp. Charged with electricity.
E-LECTRI-FY, v.t. 1. To communicate electricity to,
to charge with electricity. 2. To cause electricity to pass
through ; to affect by electricity ; to give an electric
shock to. 3. To excite suddenly ; to give a sudden
E-LE€'TRT-F^, v. i. To become electric.
E-LEC'TRI-F^-ING, ppr. Charging with electricity ; affect-
ing with electricity , giving a sudden shock.
E-LEC-TRI-Za'TION, n. The act of electrizing.
E-LE€'TRlZE, v. t. [Fr. electriser.] To electrify.
E-LEC'TRO-CFEM'IS-TRY, 71. That science Which treats
of the agency of electricity and galvanism in affecting
chemical changes.
E-LEe'TRO-MAG-NETT€, a. Designating what pertains
' See Synopsis. S, g, I, O, tj, 1?, long.—FAU, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARifNE, BIRD ;— f OhsoUte
ELE
289
ELE
to magnetism, as connected with electricity, or affected
by it.
E-LE€'TR0-MAG'NET-ISM, n. That science which treats
of the agency of electricity and galvanism in communi-
cating magnetic properties.
E-LE€-TROM'E-TER, n. [L. electrum, Gr. juerpew.] An
instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of elec-
tricity, or its quality j or an instrument for discharging it
from a jar.
E-LE€-TE.O-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaming to an electrome-
ter ; made by an electrometer.
E-LE€'TRO-Mo'TION, n. The motion of electricity or
galvanism, or the passing of it from one metal to another.
E-LE€'TRO-Mo'TIVE, a. Producing electro-motion.
E-LE€'TRO-MO-TOR, n. [L. electrum and motor. 1 A
mover of the electric fluid ; an instrument or apparatus so
called.
E-LE€'TRON, n. Amber j also, a mixture of gold with a
fifth part of silver. Coxe.
E-LE€'TRO-NEG'A-TlVE, a. Repelled by bodies nega-
tively electrified, and attracted by those positively electri-
fied.
E-LE€'TRO-PHOR, i n. [L. electrum, and Gr. (popeo).]
E-LEG-TROPH'O-RUS, \ An instrument for preserving
electricity a long time.
E-LE€'TRO-POS'I-TlVE, a. Attracted by bodies nega-
tively electiified, or by the negative pole of the galvanic
arrangement.
E-LEG'TRUM, n. [L.] In mineralogy, an argentiferous gold
ore, or native alloy, of a pale brass yellow color.
E-LE€T'U-A-RY, n. [Low L. electarium.} In pharmacy,
a form of medicine, composed of powders, or other ingre-
dients, incorporated with some conserve, honey, or sirup,
and made into due consistence to be taken in doses, like
boluses.
EL-EE-MOS'Y-NA-RY, a. [Gr. t\trjiJioavvri.'\ 1. Given in
charity; given or appropriated to support the poor. 2.
Relating to charitable donations ; intended for the distri-
bution of alms, or for the use and management of dona-
tions, whether for the subsistence of the poor or for the
support and promotion of learning.
EL-EE-MOS'Y-NA-RY, n One who subsists on charity.
EL'E-GANCE, ) n. [L. elegantia ; Fr. elegance.] 1. " The
EL'E-GAN-GY, \ beauty of propriety, not of greatness,"
says Johnson. Applied to manners, it denotes politeness ;
to speaking, propriety of diction and utterance ; to stijle
of composition, perspicuity, purity, neatness, and a happy
choice and arrangement of words ; to architecture, a due
symmetry and distribution of parts. 2. That which
pleases by its nicety, symmetry, purity or beauty. In
this sense it has a plural. Spectator.
EL'E-GANT, a. [L. elegans.] 1. Polished ; polite ; refined ;
graceful; pleasing to good taste. 2. Polished; neat;
pure; rich in expressions; correct in arrangement. 3.
Uttering or delivering elegant language with propriety
and grace. 4. Symmetrical ; regular ; well formed in its
parts, proportions and distribution. 5. Nice ; sensible to
beauty ; discriminating beauty from deformity or imper-
fection. 6. Beautiful in form and colors ; pleasing. 7.
Rich ; costly and ornamental.
EL'E-GANT-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to please ; with ele-
gance ; with beauty ; with pleasing propriety. 2. With
due symmetry ; with well formed and duly propoitioned
parts. 3. Richly ; with rich or handsome materials well
disposed.
*E-Le'GI-A€, a. [Low L. elegiacus.] 1. Belonging, to
elegy ; plaintive ; expressing sorrow or lamentation. 2.
Used in elegies.
* E-Le'GI-AG, n. Elegiac verse. Warton.
EL-E-Gi'A-GAL, a. Belonging to an elegy. Cotgrave.
* E-Le'6I-AST, n. The same with elegist.
EL'E-GIST, n. A writer of elegies. Goldsmith.
E-Le'GIT, 71.- [L. eligo ] 1. A writ of execution, by which
a defendant's goods are apprized, and delivered to the
plaintifi". 2. The title to estate by elegit.
EL'E-GY, n. [L. elegia.] 1. A mournful or plaintive
poem, or a funeral song ; a poem or a song expressive of
sorrow and lamentation. Shak. 2. A short poem without
points or afiected elegancies.
EL'E-MENT, n. [L. clementum ; Fr. element.] 1. The first
or constituent principle or minutest part of any thing. 2.
An ingredient ; a constituent part of any composition. — 3.
In a chemical sense, an atom ; the minutest particle of a
substance ; that which cannot be divided by chemical an-
alysis, and therefore considered as a simple substance, as
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, &c. — 4. In the plural, the first
rules or principles of an art or science ; rudiments. — 5. In
popular language, fire, air, earth and water are called the
four elements, as formerly it was supposed that these were
simple bodies, of which the world is composed. 6. Ele-
ment, in the singular, is sometimes used for the air. 7.
The substance vs^hich forms the natural or most suitable
habitation of an animal. 8. The proper state or sphere of
any thing ; the state of things suited to one's temper oi
habits. 9. The matter or substances which compose the
world. 10. The outline or sketch. 11. Moving cause or
principle ; that which excites action.
EL'E-MENT, v. t. 1. To compound of elements or first prin-
ciples. 2. To constitute ; to make as a first principle.
[Rarely or never u^ed,]
EL-E-MENT'AL, a. 1. Pertaining to elements. 2. Produc-
ed by some of the four supposed elements. 3. Produced
by elements. 4. Arising from first principles.
EL-E-MENT-AL'I-TY, »i. Composition of principles or in-
gredients. Whitlock.
EL-E-MENT'AL-LY, adv. According to elements ; literal-
ly-
EL-E-MENT-AR'I-TY, \ n. The state of being element
EL-E-MENT'A-RI-NESS, \ ary ; the simphcity of na->
ture ; uncompounded state.
EL-E-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Primary; simple; uncompound-
ed ; uncombined; having only one principle or constituent
part. 2. Initial ; rudimental ; containing, teaching or dis-
cussing first principles, rules or rudiments. 3. Treating
of elements ; collecting, digesting or explaining principles.
EL'E-MI, n. The gum elemi, so called ; but said to be a
resinous substance.
E-LENGH', n. [L. elenchus.] 1. A vicious or fallacious
argument, which is apt to deceive under the appearance
of truth ; a sophism ; [little used.]— 2. In antiquity, a kind
of earring set with pearls.
E-LENGH'l-GAL, a. Pertaining to an elench.
t E-LEN€H'I-GAL-LY, adv. By means of an elench
t E-LEN€H'IZE, v. i. To dispute. B. Jonson.
t E-LEN€H'TI-€AL, a. Serving to confute. Wilkins.
E-LENGE'. See Elunge.
E-Le'OTS, n. Apples in request in the cider countries. -
Mortimer.
EL'E-PHANT, n. [Sax. elp, yip; Gr. eXecpas.] 1. The
largest of all quadrupeds, belonging to the order of bruta.
2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. Dryden.
EL'E-PHANT-BEE'TLE, 7t, A large species of sea; a&:£u5,
or beetle, found in South America.
EL'E-PHANT'S-FOOT, n. A plant, the elephantopus.
EL-E-PHAN-Ti'A-SIS, n. [L.] A species of leprosy, so
called from covering the skin with incrustations, like
those of an elephant.
EL-E-PHANT'INE, a. 1. Pertaining to the elephant; huge ;
resembling an elephant ; or perhaps white, like ivory. — 2.
In antiquity, an appellation given to certain books in which
the Komans registered the transactions of the senate, mag-
istrates, emperors and generals.
EL-EU-SIN'I-AN, a. Relating to Eleusis in Greece.
EL'E-VATE, v. t. [L. elevc] 1. To raise, in a literal and
general sense ; to raise from a low or deep place to a
higher. 2. To exalt ; to raise to higher state or station.
3. To improve, refine or dignify ; to raise from or above
low conceptions. 4. To raise from a low or common state ;
to exalt. 5. To elate with pride. 6. To excite ; to cheer ;
to animate. 7. To take from ; to detract ; to lessen by
detraction; [not used.] 8. To raise from any tone to one
more acute. 9. To augment or swell ; to make louder, as
sound.
EL'E-VATE, a. [L. elevatus.] Elevated ; raised aloft.
EL'E-VA-TED, pp. Raised ; exalted ; dignified ; elated j
excited ; made more acute or more loud, as sound.
EL'E-VA-TING ppr. Raising ; exalting ; dignifying ; elat-
ing ; cheering.
EL-E-VA'TION, n. [L. elevatio.] 1. The act of raisijg or
conveying from a lower or deeper place to a higher. 2.
The act of exalting in rank, degree or condition. 3. Ex-
altation ; an elevated state ; dignity. 4. Exaltation of
mind by more noble conceptions. 5. Exaltation of style ;
lofty expressions ; words and phrases expressive of lofl;y
conceptions. 6. Exaltation of character or manners. 7.
Attention to objects above us ; a raising of the mind to
superior objects. 8. An elevated place or station. 9. El-
evated ground ; a rising ground ; a hill or mountain. 10.
A passing of the voice from any note to one more acute ;
also, a swelling or augmentation of voice — 11. In astrono-
my, altitude ; the distance of a heavenly body above the
horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between
it and the horizon. — 12. In gunnery, the angle which the
chase of a cannon or mortar, or the axis of the hollow cylin-
der, makes with the plane of the horizon. — 13. In dialing,
the angle which the style makes with the substylar line.
— Elevation of the host, in Catholic countries, that part of
the mass in which the priest raises the host above his
head for the people to adore.
EL'E-VA-TOR, n. 1. One who raises, lifts or exalts.— 2. In
anatomy, a muscle which serves to raise a part of the
body, as the lip or the eye. 3. A surgical instrument for
raising a depressed portion of a bone.
EL'E-VA-TO-RY, n. An instrument used in trepanning,
for raising a depressed or fractured part of the skull. Coze
EL-eVE', n. [Fr.] One brought up or protected by another
Chesterfield.
* S€e Synopsis.
MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f A*3.
'19
t Obsolete
ELL
200
ELU
fi-LEV'EN, (e-!ev'n) a. [Sax. mndlefene, endleof, endlufa.]
Ten and one added.
B-LEV'ENTH, a. [Sax. andlyfta, endlefta.] The next in
order to the tenth.
ELF, n.;plu Elves. [Sax. cbI/, or elfenne.] 1. A wander-
ing spirit 5 a fairy ; a hobgoblin. 2. An evil spirit ; a
devil. 3. A diminutive person.
ELF, V. t. To entangle hair in so intricate a manner, that it
cannot be disentangled.
ELF'-AR-RoW, n. A name given to flints in the shape
of arrow-heads, vulgarly supposed to be shot by fairies.
ELF'-LO€K, n. A knot of hair twisted by elves. Sliak.
ELF'IN, a. Relating or pertaining to elves. Spenser.
ELF'IN, n. A little urchin. Shenstone.
ELF'ISH, a. Resembling elves ; clad in disguise.
E-LIC'IT, V. t. [L. elicio.'] 1. To draw out; to bring to
light; to deduce by reason or argument. 2. To strike
out
E-LIOIT, a. Brought into act ; brought from possibility into
real existence. [Little uscd.\
t E-LIC'I-TATE, V. t. To elicit. More.
E-LIC-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of eliciting ; the act of draw-
ing out. Bramhall.
E-LIC'IT-ED, pp. Brought or drawn out ; struck out.
E-LIC'IT-ING, ppr. Drawing out ; bringing to light ; strik-
ing out.
E-LlDE', V. t. [L. elido.] 1. To break or dash in pieces ;
to crush, [not used.] 2. To cut oif a syllable. Brit. Crit.
EL-I-6l-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Worthiness or fitness to be
chosen ; the state or quality of a thing which renders it
preferable to another, or desirable. 2. The state of being
capable of being chosen to an office. United States.
EL'I-GI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Fit to be chosen; worthy of
choice ; preferable. 2. Suitable ; proper ; desirable. 3.
-Legally qualified to be chosen.
EL'I-6I-BLE-NESS, n. Fitness to be chosen in preference
to another ; suitableness ; desirableness.
EL'I-6I-BLY, adv. In a manner to be worthy of choice ;
suitably.
•E-LIM'I-NATE, v. t [L. elimino.] h To thrust out of
doors. Lovelace. 2. To expel , to thrust out ; to discharge,
or throw ofi"; to set at liberty.
E-LIM'I-NA-TED, pp. Expelled ; thrown off; discharged.
E-LIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Expelhng ; discharging ; throw-
ing off.
E-LIM-I-Na'TION, n. The act of expelling or throwing
off; the act of discharging, »r secreting by the pores.
EL-I-GIUa'TION, n, [L. eliquo,] In chemistry, the opera-
tion by which a more fusible substance is separated from
one that is less so, by means of heat.
E-Li"SION, n. [L. elisio.] 1. In grammar, the cutting off
or suppression of a vowel at the end of a word, for the
sake of sound or measure, when the next word begins
with a vowel ; as, th' embattled plain. 2. Division; sep-
aration ; [not used.] Bacon.
E-Ll'SOR, n. [Norm, elisor.] In law, a sheriff's substitute
for returning a jury.
E-LITE', n. [Fr.] A military word, denoting the flower or
chosen part of an army.
E-LIX'ATE, V. t. [L. elixc] To extract by boiUng.
EL-IX-A'TION, n. [L. elixus.] 1. The act of boiling or
stewing ; also, concoction in the stomach ; digestion.— 2.
In pharmacy, the extraction of the virtues of ingredients
by boiling or stewing ; also, lixiviation.
E-LIX'IR, n. [Fr., Sp., Port, elixir.] 1. In medicine, a com-
pound tincture, extracted from two or more ingredients.
2. A liquor for transmuting metals into gold. 3. Quin-
tessence ; refined spirit. 4. Any cordial ; that substance
which invigorates.
ELK, n. [Sax. elch ; Sw. elg.] A quadruped of the cervine
genus, with palmated horns.
ELKE, «• [W. alarch.] A wild swan.
ELK'-NUT, -re. A plant, the hamiltonia, called also oil-nut.
ELL, n. [Sax. elne ; Sw. aln ; D. ell, elle.] A measure of
different lengths in different countries, used chiefly for
measuring cloth.
EL'LER, 71. [G. eller.] The alder-tree. Craven dialect.
EL'LINGE, a. [Sax. alenge.] Cheerless ; sad.
EL'LING-NESS, n. Loneliness; dullness; cheerlessness.
Henry VIIL
EL-LIPSE', (el-lips') n. An ellipsis.
EL-LIP'SIS, M.;pZw. Ellip'ses. [Gr. eXXet^'ts.J 1. In^eora-
ctry, an oval figure generated from tlie section of a cone,
by a plane cutting botli sides of it, but not parallel to the
base. — 2. In grammar, defect ; omission; a figure of syn-
tax, by which one or more words are omitted.
EL-LIPS'OID, n. [ellipsis, and Gr. et^os.] In conies, a solid
or figure formed by the revolution of an ellipse about its
axis ; an elliptic conoid ; a spheroid.
EL-LIP-SOID'AL, a. Pertaining to an ellipsoid; having
the form of an ellipsoid.
EL-LIP'TI€, \a. 1. Pertaining to an ellipsis; having
EL-LIP'TI-€AL, i the form of an ellipse; oval, 2. De-
fective.
EL-LIP'TI-CAL-LY, arf«. 1. According to the figure call-
ed an ellipsis. 2. Defectively.
ELM, n. [Sax. elm, ox ulm-treou; Bi^olm.] A tree of the,
genus ulmus.
ELM'EN, a. Of or belonging to elms. Jennings
ELM'Y,_a. Abounding with elms. V/arton.
EL-0-€a'TION, n. [L. eloco.] 1. A removal from the
usual place of residence. Bp. Hall. 2. Depaiture from
the usual method ; an ecstasy.
EL-0-€D'TI0N, n. [L. elocutio.] 1. Pronunciation; the
utterance or delivery of words, particularly in public dis-
courses and arguments. — 2. In rhetoric, elocution consists
of elegance, composition and dignity ; and Dryden uses
the word £is nearly synonymous with eloquence, the act
of expressing thoughts with elegance or beauty. 3.
Speech ; the power of speaking. — 4. In ancient treatises
on oratory, the wording of a discourse ; the choice and
order of words ; composition ; the act of framing a writ-
ing or discourse.
EL-0-€u'TIVE, a. Having the power of eloquent speak-
ing.
EL'OGE, n. [Fr.] A funeral oration ; a panegyric on the
dead. Atterbury.
tEL'O-GlST, 71. An eulogist.
EL'0-6Y, or E-Lo'Gl-UM, n. [Fr. eloge ; L. elogium. See
Eulogy.] The praise bestowed on a person or thing ;
panegyric. Wotton.
S-LOIN', V. t. [Fr. eloigner.] 1, To separate and remove
to a distance. 2. To convey to a distance, and withhold
from sight.
E-LOIN'ATE, V. t. To remove. Howell.
E-LOIN'ED, (e-loind') pp. Removed to a distance ; carried
far off.
E-LOIN'ING, ppr. Removing to a distance from another, or
to a place unknown.
E-LOIN'MENT, n. Removal to a distance ; distance.
jE-LONG', V. t. [Low L. elongo.] To put far off; to re-
tard.
E-LON'GATE, v. t. [Low L. elongo.] 1. To lengthen; to
extend. 2. To remove farther off.
E-LON'GATE, v. i. To depart from; to recede; to move
to a greater distance ; particularly, to recede apparently
from the sun, as a planet in its orbit.
E-LON'GA-TED, pp. Lengthened ; removed to a distance
E-LON'GA-TING, ppr. 1. Lengthening; extending. 2
Receding to a greater distance.
E-LON-Ga'TION, 71. 1. The act of stretching or lengthen-
ing. 2. The state of being extended. 3. Distance ; space
which separates one thing from another. 4. Departure ;
removal ; recession. 5. Extension ; continuation. — 6.
In astronomy, the recess of a planet from the sun, as it ap-
pears to the eye of a spectator on the earth ; apparent de-
parture of a planet from the sun in its orbit.— 7. In surge-
ry, an imperfect luxation, occasioned by the stretching or
lengthening of the ligaments ; or the extension of a part
beyond its natural dimensions.
E-LoPE', V. i. [D. loopen, wegloopen.] To run away , to
quit one's station, without permission or right ; to escape
privately ; to depart without permission. Particularly, to
run away from a husband, or to quit a father's house, pri-
vately, or without permission.
E-LoPE'MENT, 7i. Private or unlicensed departure from
the place or station to which one is assigned by duty or
law.
E-LoP'ING, ppr. Running away; departing privately, or
without permission, from a husband, father or master.
E'LOPS, n. [Gr. sWoxp.] 1. A fish, inhabiting the seas of
America and the West Indies. 2. The sea-serpent.
EL'0-Q,UEPTOE, 71. [L. eloquentia.] 1. Oratory; the act
or the art of speaking well, or with fluency and elegance.
Eloquence comprehends a good elocution or utterance ; cor-
• rect, appropriate and rich expressions, with fluency, ani-
mation and suitable action. Hence, eloquence is adapted
to please, affect and persuade. 2. The power of speaking
with fluency and elegance. 3. Elegant language, uttered
with fluency and animation. 4. It is sometimes applied
to written language.
EL'O-UUENT, a. 1. Having the power of oratory ; speak-
ing with fluency, propriety, elegance and anhnation. 2.
Composed with elegance and spirit ; elegant and animat-
ed ; adapted to please, affect and persuade.
EL'0-Q,UENT-LY, adv. With eloquence ; in an eloquent
manner ; in a manner to please, affect and persuade.
ELSE, (els) a. or pron. [Sax. elles.] Other ; one or some-
thing beside ; as, who else is coming ?
ELSE, (els) adv. 1. Otherwise ; in the other case ; if the
fact were different. 2. Beside ; except that mentioned.
EL'SEN, or EL'SIN, n. [Teut. celsene.] A shoemaker'b
awl. Qrose.
ELSE'WHERE, adv. 1. In any other place. 2. In some
other place ; in other places, indefinitely.
E-Ltf'CI-DATE, V. t. [Low L. elucido.] To make clear oi
manifest ; to explain ; to remove obscurity from, and ren-
der intelligible ; to illustrate.
* SeeSunopns. a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FRR, FiVLL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD;— t Obsolete.
EMA
291
EMB
E-LtJ'CI-DA-TED, pp. Explained ; made plain, clear or in-
telligible.
E-Lu CI-DA-TING, ppr. Explaining ; making clear or in-
telligible.
E-LU-CI-Da'TION, n. The act of explaining or throwing
light on any obscure subject ; explanation ; exposition ;
illustration.
E-Ltf'Cr-DA-Tl VE, a. Throwing light ; explanatory.
E-Lu'CI-DA-TGR, n. One who explains ; an expositor.
EL-U€-Ta'TION, n. [L. eluctatus.] The act of bursting
forth ; escape .
E-LuDE', V. t. [L. eludo.] 1. To escape ; to evade ; to
avoid by artifice, stratagem, wiles, deceit or dexterity. 2.
To mock by an unexpected escape. 3. To escape being
seen ; to remain unseen or undiscovered.
E-LuD'I-BLE, a. That may be eluded or escaped.
t E-LUM'BA-TED, a. [L. elumbis.] Weakened in the loins.
Diet.
E-Lu'SION, n. [L. elusio.] An escape by artifice or decep-
tion ; evasion.
E-Lu'SIVE, a. Practising elusion ; using arts to escape.
E-Lu'SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being elusory.
E-LU'SO-RY, a. Tending to elude ; tending to deceive ;
evasive ; fraudulent ; fallacious ; deceitful.
E-LuTE', V. t. [L. eluo.] To wash off; to cleanse.
E-LU'TRI-ATE, v. t. [L. elutrio.] To purify by washing ;
to cleanse by separating foul matter, and decanting or
straining ofl!"the liquor.
E-Lu'TRI-A-TED, pp. Cleansed by washing and decanta-
tion.
E-Lu'TRI-A-TING, ppr. Purifying by washmg and de-
canting.
E-LTJ-TRI-a'TION, n. The operation of pulverizing a sol-
id substance, mixing it with water, and pouring off the
liquid, while the foul or extraneous substances are float-
ing, or after the coarser particles have subsided, and
while the finer parts are suspended in the liquor.
E-LUX'ATE, V. t. [L. eluxatus.] To dislocate. See Luxate.
E-LUX-A^TION, n. The dislocation of a bone. See Lux-
ELVE'LO€KS. See Elf-lock.
ELVERS, n. Young eels ; young congers or sea-eels.
ELVES, plu. of elf.
ELVISH, a. More properly elfish, which see.
E-LYS'IAN, (e-lizh'ya) a. [L. elysin^.] Pertaining to elys-
ium or the seat of delight ; yielding the highest pleasures ;
deliciously soothing ; exceedingly delightful.
E-LYS'IUM, (e-lizh'yum)7i.[L. eZ?/siMm.] In ancient mythol-
ogy, a place assigned to happy souls after death ; a place
in the lower regions, furnished with rich fields, groves,
shades, streams, &;c., the seat of future happiness. Hence,
any delightful place.
'EM. A contraction of them. Hudihras.
t E-MAC'ER-ATE, v. t. To make lean.
f E-MAC-ER-A'TION, n. Leanness or falling away in flesh.
Bullokar.
E-Ma'CIATE, v. i. [L. emacio.] To lose flesh gradually ; to
become lean by pining with sorrow, or by loss of appetite
or other cause ; to waste away, as flesh ; to decay in
flesh.
E-Ma'CIATE, v. t. To cause to lose flesh gradually ; to
waste the flesh and reduce to leanness.
E-Ma'CIATE, a. Thin ; wasted. Shenstone.
E-Ma'CIA-TED, pp. Reduced to leanness by a gradual loss
of flesh ; thin; lean.
E-Ma'CIA-TING, ppr. Wasting the flesh gradually ; mak-
ing lean.
E-MA-CI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of making lean or thin in
flesh ; or a becoming lean by a gradual waste of flesh. 2.
The state of being reduced to leanness.
E-MA€'U-LATE, v. t. To take spots from. [Little ^ised.}
E-MA€-U-La'TION, K. [Jj. emaculo.] The act or operation
of freeing from spots. [Little used."]
EM'A-NANT, a. [L. emanans.] Issuing or flowing from.
Hale.
EM'A-NATE, v. i [L. emano.'] 1. To issue from a source ;
to flow from. 2. Toproceed from a source or fountain.
EM'A-NA-TING, ppr. Issuing or flowing from a fountain.
EM-A-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of flowing or proceeding
from a fountain-head or origin. 2. That which issues,
flows or proceeds from any source, substance or body ; ef-
flux ; effluvium.
EM'A-NA-TiVE, a. Issuing from another.
E-MAN'CI-PATE, v. t. [L. emancipo.'] 1. To set free from
servitude or slavery, by the voluntary act of the proprie-
tor ; to liberate ; to restore from bondage to freedom. 2.
To set free, or restore to liberty. 3. To free from bondage
or restraint of any kind ; to liberate from subjection, con-
trolling power or influence.— 4. In ancient Rome, to set a
son free from subjection to his father, and give him the
capacity of managing his affuirs, as if he was of age.
E-MAN'CI-PATK a. Set at liberty. Cowper.
E-MAN'CI-PA-TED, pp. Set free from bondage, slavery,
servitude, subjection or dependence ; liberated.
E-MAN'CI-PA-TING, ppr. Setting free from bondage, ser-
vitude or dependence ; liberating. ^
E-MAN-CI-Pa'TION, n. The act of setting free from sla-
very, servitude, subjection or dependence ; deliverance
from bondage or controlling influeaice ; liberation.
E-MAN'CI-PA-TOR, n. One who emancipates or liberates
from bondage or restraint.
E-MaNE', v. i. [L. emano.] To issue or flow from. See Em
ANATE.
t E-MAR'6IN-ATE, v.t. [L. emargino.] To take away
the margin.
E-MaR'GIN-ATE, ) a. [Fr. rmrge.] 1. In botany, notch-
E-MAR'GIN-A-TED, j ed at the end.— 2. In mineralogy,
having all the edges of the primitive form truncated, each
by one face.
E-MAR'OIN-ATE-LY, adv. In the fonn of notches.
E-MAS'€U-LATE, v. t. [Low L. emasculo.] 1. To cas-
trate ; to deprive a male of certain parts which character-
ize the sex ; to geld ; to deprive of virility. 2. To de-
prive of masculine strength or vigor ; to weaken ; to
render effeminate ; to vitiate by unmanly softness.
E-MaS'€U-LATE, a. Unmanned; deprived of vigor,
E-MaS'€U-LA-TED, pp. Castrated; weakened.
E-iV[AS'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Castrating ; gelding ; depriving
of vigor.
E-MAS-€U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of depriving a male of
the parts which characterize the sex ; castration. 2. The
act of depriving of vigor or strength; effeminacy; un-
manly weakness.
EM-BALE', V. t. [Fr. emballer.] 1. To make up into a
bundle, bale or package ; to pack. 2. To bind ; to in-
close.
EM-BALM', (em-bam') v. t. [Fr. emhaumer.l 1. To open a
dead body, take out the intestines, and fill their place
with odoriferous and desiccative spices and drugs, to pre-
vent its putrefaction. 2. To fill with sweet scent. 3. To
preserve, with care and affection, from loss or decay.
EM-BALM'ED, (em-bamd') pp. Filled with aromatic plants
for preservation ; preserved from loss or destruction.
EM-BALM'ER, n. One who embalms bodies for preserva-
tion.
EM-BALM'ING, ppr. Filling a dead body with spices for
preservation; preserving with care from loss, decay or
destruction.
EM-BAR', v.t. 1. To shut, close or fasten with a bar ; to
make fast. 2. To inclose so as to hinder egress or escape.
Spenser. 3. To stop ; to shut from entering ; to hiijder ;
to block up. Bacon.
EM-BAR-€a'TI0N, 71. Embarkation, which see.
EM-BAR'GO, 7?. [Sp. embargo; Port., Fr. id.] In com-
merce, a restraint on ships, or prohibition of sailing, ei-
ther out of port, or into port, or both ; which prohibition is
by public authority, for a limited time. Most generally, it
is a prohibition of ships to leave a port.
EM-BAR'GO, V. t. [Sp., Port, embargar.] 1. ToMnder or
prevent ships from sailing out of port, or into port, or
both, by some law or edict of sovereign authority, for a
limited time. 2. To stop ; to hinder from being prosecut-
ed by the departure or entrance of ships.
EM-BAR'GOED, pp. Stopped; hindered from sailing; hin-
dered by public authority, as ships or commerce.
EM-BAR'GO-ING, ppr. Restraining from sailing by public
authority; hindering.
EM-BARK', V. t. [Sp, embarcar.] I. To put or cause to
enter on board a ship or other vessel or boat. 2. To en-
gage a person in any affair.
EM-BARK', V. i. I. To go on board of a ship, boat or ves-
sel. 2. To engage in any business ; to undertake in ; tc
take a share in.
EM-BAR-Ka'TION, n. 1, The act of putting on board of a
ship or other vessel, or the act of going aboard, 2. That
which is embarked, 3, [Sp, embarcacion.] A small ves
sel or boat ; [unusual.]
EM-BARK'ED, (em-barkt') pp. Put on shipboard ; engaged
in any affair.
EM-BARK'ING, ppr. Putting on board of a ship or boat ,
going on shipboard.
EM-BAR'RASS, v. t. [Fr, embarrasser.] 1. To perplex ; to
render intricate ; to entangle. 2. To perplex, as the mmd
or intellectual faculties ; to confuse. 3. To perplex, as
with debts, or demands, beyond the means of payment.
4. To perplex ; to confuse ; to disconcert ; to abash.
EM-BAR'RASSED, pp. Perplexed ; rendered intricate ; con-
fused ; confounded
EM-BAR'RASS-ING, ppr. Perplexing ; entangUng ; confus-
ing; confounding; abashing.
EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, 71. 1. Perplexity; intricacy; en-^
tanglement. 2. Confusion of mind. 3. Perplexity aris-
ing from insolvency, or from temporary inability to dis-
charge debts. 4. Confusion ; abashment.
EM-BaSE', v. t. 1. To lower in value ; to vitiate ; to de-
prave ; to impair. 2. To degrade ; to vilify.
EM-BaSE'MENT, 71. Act of depraving ; depravation ; dete-
rioration. South. ■''■■
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
EMB
292
EMB
t EM'BAS-SADE, n. An embassy. Speiiaer.
EM-BAS'SA-DOR, n. [Sp. cmbaxador ; Port. la. ,• Fr. am-
bassadeur.] 1. A minister of the highest rank, employed
by one prince or state, at the court of another, to manage
the public concerns of his own prince or state, and repre-
senting the power and dignity of his sovereign. — 2. In lu-
dicrous language, a messenger. Ash.
BM-BAS'SA-DRESS, n. 1. The consort of an embassador.
2. A woman sent on a public message.
t EM'BAS-SA6E, n. An embassy.
EM'BAS-SY, 71. [Sp., Port, embaxada ; Fr. ambassade.] 1.
The message or public function of an embassador ; the
charge or employment of a public minister, whether em-
bassador or enroy. 2. A solemn message. — 3. Ironically,
an errand.
EM-BAT'TLE, v. t. 1. To arrange in order of battle ; to
array troops for battle. 2, To furnish with battlements.
EM-BAT'TLE, v. i. To be ranged in order of battle.
EM-BAT'TLED, pp. 1. Arrayed in order of battle. 2.
Furnisned with battlements ; and, in heraldry, having the
outline resembling a battlement, as an ordinary. 3. a.
Having been the place of battle.
EM-BAT'TLING,p;?!-. Ranging in battle array.
FM-BaY', v. t. 1. To inclose in a bay or inlet ; to land-
lock J to inclose between capes or promontories. 2. [Fr.
baigner.] To bathe ; to wash ; [not used.]
EM-BAiT'ED, (em-bade') pp. Inclosed in a bay, or between
points of land, as a ship.
EM-BED', V. t. To lay as in a bed ; to lay in surrounding
matter.
EM-BED'DED, pp. Laid as in a bed ; deposited or in-
closed in surrounding matter.
EM-BED'DING, ppr. Laying, depositing or forming, (is in
abed.
EM-BEL'LISH, ?;. «. [Fr. embellir.] 1. To adorn ; to beau-
tify ; to decorate ; to make beautiful or elegant by orna-
ments. 2. To make graceful or elegant.
EM-BEL'LISHED, pp. Adorned ; decorated ; beautiiied.
EM-BEL'LISH-ER, n. One who embellishes ; one who
graces with ornaments.
EM-BEL'LISH-ING, ppr. Adorning ; decorating ; adding
grace, ornament or elegance to a person or thing.
EM-BEL'LISF-MENT, ?i. 1. The act of adorning. 2. Or-
nament ; dee.wation ; any thing that adds beauty or ele-
gance ; that which renders any thing pleasing to the eye,
or agreeable to the taste, in dress, furniture, manners, or
in the fine arts.
EM'BER, in ember-days, ember-weeks, is the Saxon emb-ren,
or ymb-ryne, a circle. — Ember-days are the Wednesday,
Friday and Saturday after duadragesima Sunday, after
Whitsunday, after Holyrood day in September, and after
St. Lucia's day in December. — Ember-days are days re-
turning at certain seasons ; Ember-weeks, the weeks in
which these days fall ; and our ancestors used the words
Ember-fast and Ember-tide or season . Lye.
EM'BER-GOOSE, n. A fowl of the genus colymbus.
t EM'BER-ING, n. The ember-days. Tusser.
EM'BERS, 71. phi. [Sax. cemyrian.] Small coals of fire with
ashes ; the residuum of wood, coal or other combustibles
not extinguished ; cinders.
EM'BER-WEEK. ' See Ember.
EM-BEZ'ZLE, v. t. [Norm. embeasUer.] 1. To appropri-
ate fraudulently to one's own use what is intrusted to
one's care and management. It differs from stealing and
robbery in this, that the latter imply a wrongful taking of
another's goods, but embezzlement denotes the wrongful
appropriation and use of what came into possession by
right. 2. To waste ; to dissipate in extravagance.
EM-BEZ'ZLED, pp. Appropriated wrongfully to one's own
use.
EM-BEZ'ZLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of fraudulently appro-
priating to one's own use the money or goods intrusted
to one's care and management. 2. The thing appropriated.
EM-BEZ'ZLER, n. One who embezzles.
EM-BEZ'ZLING, ppr. Fraudulently applying to one's own
use what is intrusted to one's care and employment.
EM-BLaZE', v. t. [Fr. blasonner.] 1. To adorn with glit-
termg embellishments. 2, To blazon : to paint or adorn
with figures armorial.
EM-BLaZ'ED, (em-blazd') pp. Adorned with shining orna-
ments^ or with figures armorial.
EM-BLaZ'ING, ppr. Embellishing with glittering orna-
ments^ or with figures armorial.
EM-BLa'ZON, (em-bla'zn) v. t. [Fr. blasonner.l, 1. To
adorn with figures of heraldry or ensigns armorial. 2. To
deck m glaring colors ; to display pompously.
EM-BLa'ZONED, pp. Adorned with figures or ensigns ar-
morial ; set out pompously.
EM-BLa'ZON-ER, n. LA blazoner ; one that emblazons ;
a herald. 2. One that publishes and displays with pomp
EM-BLa'ZON-ING, ppr. Adorning with ensigns or figures
armorial ; displaying with pomp.
EM-BLl'ZON-MENT, «. An emblazoning. Roscoe.
EM-BLa'ZON-RY, 71 Pictures on sJiields j display of figures.
EM'BLEM, n. [Gr. ep.^Xrip.a.'] I. Inlay ; inlaid or mosaic
work ; sometlfing inserted in the body of another. 2. A
picture representing one thing to the eye, and another to
the understanding ; a painted enigma. 3. A painting or
representation, intended to hold forth some moral or polit-
ical instruction ; an allusive picture ; a typical designa-
tion. 4. That which represents another thing in its pre-
dominant qualities.
EM'BLEM, V. t. To represent by similar qualities.
EM-BLE-MAT'I€, \ a. 1. Pertaining to or comprising
EM-BLE-MAT'I-CAL, \ an emblem. 2. Representing by
some allusion or customary connection. 3. Representhig
by similar qualities. 4. Using emblems.
EM-BLE-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. By way or means of em-
blems ; in the manner of emblems ; by way of allusive
representation.
EM-BLEM'A-TIST, n. A writer or inventor of emblems.
EM-BLEM'A-TiZE, v. t. To represent by an emblem.
EM'BLE-MENT, n. used mostly in the plural. [Norm, evi-
blear.] The produce or fruits of land sown or planted
Blackstone.
EM'BLE-MiZE, v.t.To represent by an emblem.
EM'BLE-MlZED, pp. Represented by an emblem.
EM'BLE-MlZ-ING, ppr. Representing by an emblem.
EM-BLOOM', V. t. To cover or enrich with bloom. Oood.
EM-BOD'IED, pp. Collected or formed into a body.
EM-BOD'Y, V. t. To form or collect into a body or united
mass ; to collect into a whole ; to incorporate ; to concen-
trate.
EM-BOD'Y-ING, ppr. Collecting or forming into a body.
EM-BoGU'ING, (em-b5g'ing) n. The mouth of a river, or
place where its waters are discharged into the sea.
EM-BoIiD'EN, V. t. To give boldness or courage ; to en-
courage.
EM-BoLD'ENED,pp. Encouraged.
EM-BoLD'EN-ING, ppr. Giving courage or holdness.
EM'BO-LISM, n. [Gr. f//|8oXicr/jos.] 1. Intercalation ; the
insertion of days, months or years, in an account of time,
to produce regularity. 2. Intercalated time.
EM-BO-LIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to intercalation j interca-
lated ; inserted.
EM-BO-LIS'Mie, a. Intercalated ; inserted.
EM'BO-LU§, 71. [Gr. e/ijSoXof.] Something inserted or act-
ing in another ; that which thrusts or drives ; a piston.
EM-BOR'DER, v. t. [Old Fr. emborder.] To adorn with a
border.
EM-BOSS', V. t. 1. In architecture and sculpture, to form
bosses or protuberances 5 to fashion in relievo or raised
work ; to cut or form with prominent figures. 2. To form
with bosses ; to cover with protuberances. 3. To drive
hard in hunting, till a deer foams, or a dog's knees swell.
t EM-BOSS', V. t. [Fr. emboUer.] To inclose as in aboxj
to include ; to cover. Spenser.
t EM- BOSS', V. t. [It. imboscare.] To inclose in a wood ; to
conceal in a thicket. Milton.
EM-BOSS'ED, {em-host') pp. Formed with bosses or raised
figures.
EM-BOSS'ING,. ppr. Forming with figures in relievo.
EM-BOSS'MENT, n, 1. A prominence, like a boss ; a jut.
2. Relief; figures in relievo ; raised work.
EM-BOT'TLE, v. t. To put m a bottle 5 to bottle ; to include
or confine in a bottle.
EM-BOT'TLED, pp. Put in or included in bottles. Philips.
EM-BoW', V. t. To form like a bow ; to arch ; to vault.
EM-BOW'EL, V. t. 1. To take out the entrails of an animal
body ; to eviscerate. 2. To take out the internal parts.
3. To sink or inclose in another substance.
EM-BOW'ELED, pp. Deprived of intestines ; eviscerated ;
buried.
EM-BOW'EL-ER, n. One that takes out the bowels.
EM-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Depriving of entrails ; eviscerat-
ing; burying.
EM-BOWER, V. i. To lodge or rest in a bower.
EM-BRaCE', v. t. [Fr. ejabrasser.] 1. To take, clasp or in
close in the arms ; to press to the bosom, in token of affec
tion. 2. To seize eagerly ; to lay hold on ; to receive or
take with willingness that which is offered. 3. To com-
prehend ; to include or take in. 4. To comprise ; to in-
close ; to encompass ; to contain ; to encircle. 5. To re-
ceive ; to admit. 6. To find ; to take ; to accept. 7. To
have carnal intercourse with. 8. To put on. 9 To at-
tempt to influence a jury corruptly.
EM-BRaCE', v. i. To join in an embrace. Shak.
EM-BRaCE', n. 1. Inclosure or clasp with the arms ; pressure
to the bosom with the arms. 2. Reception of one thing in
to another. 3. Sexual intercourse ; conjugal endearment
EM-BRa'CED, (em-braste') pp. 1. Inclosed in the arms ,
clasped to the bosom ; seized ; laid hold on ; received ;
comprehended; included; contained; accepted. 2. In-
fluenced corruptly ; biassed ; as a juror.
EM-BRaCE'MENT, n. 1. A clasp in the arms ; a hug ; em-
brace. 2. Hostile hug ; grapple. 3. Comprehension ;
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, O, '2, long — FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PRfiY ;-^lN, MARtNB, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
EME
293
EMO
state of being contained ; inclosure. 4. Conjugal endear-
ment ; sexual commerce. 5. Willing acceptance.
EM-BRA'CER, n. 1. Tlie person who embraces. 2. One
wlio attempts to influence a jury corruptly.
EM-BRa'CER-Y, n. In law, an attempt to influence a jury
corruptly to one side, by promises, persuasions, entreaties,
money, entertainments, or the like.
EM-BRA'CING,pj)r. 1. Clasping in the arms ; pressing to
the bosom ; seizing and holding ; comprehending ; includ-
ing ; receiving ; accepting ; having conjugal intercourse.
9. Attempting to influence a jury corruptly.
t EM-BRAID', V. t. To upbraid. Elyot.
*EM-BRA-SURE', (em-bra-zhure'") n. [Fr.] 1. An opening
in a wall or parapet, through which cannon are pointed
and discharged.— 2. In architecture, the enlar^jement of
the aperture of a door or window, on the inside of the
walh
t EM-BRaVE', v. t. 1. To embellish ; to make showy 2.
To inspire w:th bravery ; to make bold.
EM'BR0-€ATE, v. t. [Gr. eji^qzx"^-] I" surcrery snd med-
icine, to moisten and rub a diseased part of the body with
a liquid substance.
EM'BR0-€A-TED, Tpp. Moistened and rubbed witli a wet
cloth or spunge.
EM'BR0-€A-TING, -ppr. Moistening and rubbing a diseas-
ed part with a wet cloth or spunge.
EM-BRO-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of moistening and rubbing
a disease'' nart with a cloth or spunge dipped in some
liquid substance. 2 The liquid with which an aifected
part is washed.
EM-BROID'ER, v. t. [Fr. broder.] To border with orna-
mental needle-work, or figures ; to adorn with raised
figures of needle-work, as cloth, stuffs or muslin.
EM-BROID'ERED, pp. Adorned with figures of needle-
work.
EM-BROID'ER-ER, n. One who embroiders.
EM-BROID'ER-ING, ppr. Ornamenting with figured nee-
dle-work.
EM-BROID'ER-Y, n. 1. Work in gold, silver or silk thread,
formed by the needle on cloth, stuffs and muslin, into va-
rious figures ; variegated needle-work. 2. Variegation or
diversity of figures and colors.
EM-BROIL', v. t. [Fr. embroviller.] 1. To perplex or en-
tangle ; to intermix in confusion. 2. To involve in troubles
or perplexities ; to disturb or distract by connection with
something else ; to throw into confusion or commotion ;
to perplex.
EM-BROIL'ED, (em-broil*) pp. Perplexed ; entangled ; in-
termixed and confused ; involved in trouble.
EM-BROIL'ING, ppr. Perplexing ; entangling ; involving
in trouble.
EM-BROIL'MENT, 71. Confusion ; disturbance.
EM-BROTH'EL, v. t. To inclose in a brothel. Donne.
EM'BRY-O, ) n. [Gr. ei^^pvov ; L. embryon.l 1. In physi-
EM'BRY-ON, ] ology, the first rudiments ot an animal in
the womb, before the several members are distinctly
formed; after which it is called a, fetus. 2. The rudi-
ments of a plant. 3. The beginning or first state of any
thing not fit for production.
EM'BRY-O, ) a. Pertaining to or noting any thing in its
EM'BRY-ON, ) first rudiments or unfinished state.
EM-BRY-OT*0-MY, n. [embryo, and Gr. ropiv-] A cutting
or forcible separation of the fetus in utero.
t EM-BUS'Y, (em-biz'y) v. t. To employ.
jEME, ?t. [Sax. eame.] Uncle. See Eame.
E-MEN'A-GOGUE. See Emmenagogue.
t E-MEND', V. t. To amend.
E-MEND'A-BLE, a. [L. emcndabilis.] Capable of being
amended or corrected. See Amendable.
t E-MEN'DATE-LY, adv. Without fault ; correct. Taverner.
EM-EN-Da'TION, 71. [L. emendatio.'] 1. Tlie act of alter-
ing for the better, or correcting what is erroneous or faul-
ty ; correction. When we speak of life and manners, we
use amend, amendment, the Frencli orthography. 2. An
alteration for the better ; correction of an error or fault.
EM-EN-Da'TOR, n. A corrector of errors or faults in
writings ; one who corrects or improves.
E-MEND' A-TO-RY, a. Contributing to emendation.
{■ E-MEN DI-CATE, V. t. [L. emendico.] To beg. See
Mendicate.
EM'E-RALD, n. [Sp. esmeralda.] A mineral and a precious
stone, whose colors are a pure, lively green, varying to a
pale, yellowish, bluish, or grass green.
E-MER6E', (e-merj') v. i. [L. emerffo.] 1. To rise out of
a fluid or other covering or surrounding substance. 2. To
issue ; to proceed from. 3. To reappear, after being
eclipsed ; to leave the sphere of the obscuring object. 4.
To rise out of a state of depression or obscurity ; to rise
into view.
E-MER6'ENCE, ) n. 1. The act of rising out of a fluid or
E-MER6'EN-CY, \ other covering or surrounding matter.
2. The act of rismg or starting into view ; the act of issu-
ing from, or quitting. 3. That which comes suddenly ; a
sudden occasion ; an unexpected event. 4. Exigence ; any
event or occasional combination of circumstances which
calls for immediate action or remedy ; pressing neces-
sity.
E-MERG'ENT, a. 1. Rising out of a fluid or any thing that
covers or surrounds. 2. Issuing or proceeding from. 3.
Rising out of a depressed state or from obscurity. 4.
Coming suddenly ; sudden ; casual ; unexpected ; urgent ;
pressing.
E-MER'IT-ED, a. [L. emeritus.] Allowed to have done suf-
ficient public service. Evelyn.
EM'E-RODS, 71. with a plural termination. [Corrupted from
hemorrhoids ; Gr. aifjioppoiSes.] Hemorrhoids ; piles ; a
dilatation of the veins about the rectum, with a discharge
of blood.
E-MER'SION, n [L. emergo.] 1. The act of rising out of
a fluid or other covering or surrounding substance. — 2. In
astronomy, the reappearance of a heavenly body after an
eclipse. '3. The reappearance of a star, which has been
hid by the effulgence of the sun's light. 4. Extrication.
EM'ER-Y, n. [Fr. enicril, em.eri.] A mineral.
E-MET'IC, a. [It., Sp. e7netico.] Inducing to vomit ; ex-
citing the stomach to discharge its contents by the oesopha-
gus and mouth.
E-MET'IC, n. A medicine that provokes vomiting.
E-MET'I-CAL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to excite
vomiting. Boyle.'
EM'E-TIN, n. A substance obtained from the root of ipe-
_ cacuana.
g'MEVV I "' ^ "^™^ of the cassowary.
EM-I-€A'TION, n. [L. emicatio.] A sparkling ; a flying
off" in small particles, as from heated iron or fermenting
liquors.
E-MIC'TION, n. [L. mingo.] The discharging of urine ;
urine ; what is voided by the urinary passages.
EM'I-GRANT, a. Removing from one place or country to
another distant place with a view to reside.
EM'I-GRANT, n. One who removes his habitation, or quits
one country or region to settle in another.
EBI'I-GRATE, v. i. [L. emigro.] To quit one country, state
or region and settle in another ; to remove from one coun-
try or state to another for the purpose of residence.
EM'I-GRA-TING, ppr. Removing from one country or state
to anotlier for residence.
EM-I-GRa'TIOPJ, n. Removal of inhabitants from one coun
try or state to another, for the purpose of residence.
EM'I-NENCE, )n. [L. emincjitia.] 1. Elevation ; height ;
EM'I-NEN-CY, \ a rising ground ; a hill. 2. Summit :
highest part, 3. A part rising or projecting beyond the
rest, or above the surface. 4. An elevated situation
among men ; a place or station above men in general,
either in rank, office or celebrity. 5. Exaltation ; high
rank ; distinction ; celebrity ; fame ; preferment ; con-
spicuousness. 6. Supreme degree. 7. Notice ; distinc-
tion. 8. A title of honor given to cardinals and others.
EM'I-NENT, «. [L. emineyis.] 1. High; lofty. 2. Exalt-
ed in rank ; high in office ; dignified ; distinguished. 3.
High in public estimation ; conspicuous ; distinguished
above others ; remarkable.
EM'l-NENT-LY, adv. In a high degree ; in a degree to at-
_ tract observation.
E'MIR, n. [Ar.] A title of dignity among the Turks, de-
noting a prince.
EM'IS-SA-RY, n. [L. emissarius.] 1. A person sent on a
mission ; a missionary employed to preach the gospel.
2. A person sent on a private message or business ; a se-
cret agent ; a spy. — An emissary may differ from a spy.
A spy, in war, is one who enters an enemy's camp or ter-
ritories to learn the condition of the enemy ; an emissary
may be a secret agent employed not only to detect the
schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their coun-
cils, 3. That which sends out or emits ; [not used.]
EM'IS-SA-RY, a. Exploring ; spying. B. Jonson.
E-MIS'SION, n. [L. emissio.] 1. The act of sending or
throwing out. 2. The act of sending abroad, or into cir-
culation, notes of a state or of a private corporation. 3
That which is sent out or issued at one time ; an impres-
sion or a number of notes issued by one act of govern
ment.
EM-IS-Si"TIOUS, a. Prving ; narrowly examining. Bp
Hall.
E-MIT', v.t. [L, emitto.] 1. To send forth; to throw or
give out. 2. To let fly ; to discharge ; to dart or shoot.
3. To issue forth, as an order or decree. 4. To issue, as
notes or bills of credit ; to print, and send into circulation.
EM-MEN' A-GOGUE, n. [Gr. eiijxrjvos.] A medicine that
promotes the menstrual discharge.
EM'MET, n. [Sax. (Bmet.] An ant or pismire.
EM-MEW, V. t. To mew ; to coop up ; to confitie in a coop
or cage. Shak.
t EM-MOVE', V. t. To move ; to rouse ; to excite. Spenser.
EM-OL-LES'CENCE, n. [L. emollescens.] In metallurgy
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH ajg SH ; TH as in this, f Oisolete.
EMP
294
EMP
that degree of softness in a fusible body, whicli alters its
shape ; the first or lowest degree of fusibility.
E-MOL'LI-ATE, v. t. [L. emollio.] To soften ; to render
effeminate.
E-MOL'LI-A-TED, pp. Softened ; rendered effeminate.
E-MOL'LI-A-TING, ppr. Softening ; rendering effeminate.
E-MOL'LI-ENT, a. Softening ; making supple ; relaxing
the solids. Arbuthnot.
E-MOL'LI-ENT, n. A medicine which softens and relaxes,
or sheaths the solids. Coxe.
EM-OL-Ll"TiON, n. Tlie act of softening or relaxftig.
E-MOL'U-MENT, n. [L. emolunientum.] 1. The profit
arising from ofiice or employment ; that which is received
as a compensation for services. 2. Profit; advantage j
gains in general.
E-MOL-U-MENT'AL, a. Producing profit 5 useful 3 profit-
able ; advantageous. Evelyn.
E-M6NGST', for among, in Spenser, is a mistake.
E-MO'TION, ?j. \Ij. emotio.] 1. A moving of the mind ;
any agitation of mind, or excitement of sensibility.— 2.
In a philosophical sense, an internal motion or agitation of
the mind, which passes away without desire ; when de-
sire follows, the motion or agitation is called a. passion.
t EM-PAIR' V. t. To impair. See Impair.
t EM-PAIR', V. i. To become less ; to grow worse. Spenser.
Ei\I-PaLE', v. t. [Port, empalar ; Fr. cmpaler.] 1. To fence
or fortify with stakes ; to set a line of stakes or posts for
defense. 2. To inclose ; to surround. 3. To inclose ; fo
shut in. 4. To thrust a stake up the fundament, and thus
put to death ; to put to death by fixing on a stake.
EM-PaL'ED, (em-pald') pp. Fenced or fortified with stakes ;
inclosed ; shut in ; fixed on a stake.
EM-PaLE'MENT, 71. 1. A fencing, fortifying or inclosing
with stakes ; a putting to death by thrusting a stake into
the body.— 2. In botany, the calyx or flower-cup of a plant,
which surrounds the fructification, like a fence of pales. —
3. In heraldry, a conjunction of coats of arms, pale-wise.
EM-PaL'ING, ppr. Fortifying with pales or stakes ; inclo-
sing ; putting to death on a stake.
EM-PAN'NEL, n. [Fr. panneau.] A list of jurors ; a small
piece of paper or parchment containing the names of the
jurors summoned by the sheriff; now written pawneZ.
EM-PAN'NEL, v. t. To form a list of jurors. It is now
Avritten impannel, which see.
EM-PARK', V. t. To inclose as with a fence. King.
EM-PAR'LANCE. See Imparlance.
EM-PASM', n. [Gr. Ejuiracro-u.] A powder used to prevent
the bad scent of the body.
EM-PAS'SION, v. t. To move with passion ; to affect
strongly. See Impassion. Milton.
EM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Strongly affected. Spenser.
EM-PeACH'. See Impeach.
EM-PEl'RAL. See Empiric.
EM-PeO'PLE, (em-pee'pl) v. t. To form into a people or
community. [Little used.] Spenser.
EM'PER-ESS. See Empress.
■f EM-PER'IL, V. t. To endanger. Spenser.
t EM-PER'ISHED, a. Decayed. Spenser.
EM'PER-OR, n. [Fr. empereur ; Sp. emperador j It. impe-
radore ; L. imperator.] Literally, the commander of an
army. — In modermtiwies, the sovereign or supreme monarch
of an empire ; a title of dignity superior to that of king.
fEM'PER-Y, n. Empire. ShaJc.
EM'PHA-SIS, 71. [Gr. £/^^acr£f.] In rhetoric, a particular
stress of voice, given to certain words or parts of a dis-
course, or a distinctive utterance of words specially sig-
nificant. _
EM'PHA-SiZE, V. t. To utter or pronounce with a particu-
lar or more forcible stress of voice.
EM-PHAT'I€, I a. 1. Forcible ; strong ; impressive.
EM-PHAT'I-€AL, \ 2. Requiring emphasis. 3. Uttered
with emphasis. 4. Striking to the eye.
EM-PHAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. With emphasis ; strongly ;
forcibly. 2. According to appearance ; [not used.] Brown.
EM-PHY-Se'MA, ) n. [Gr. £//0u(TJ7/^a.] In surgery, a puffy
EM'PHY-SEM, ) tumor, easily yielding to pressure.
EM-PHY-SEM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to emphysema;
swelled, bloated, but yielding easily to pressure.
EM-PHY-TEu'TI€, a. [Gr. qi, tv and (jtvTtvGLi.] Taken
on hire ; that for which rent is to be paid,
t EM-PIERCE', (em-pers') v. t. To pierce into ; to pene-
trate. See Pierce. Spenser.
tEM-PlGHT', a. [from pig-M, to fix.] Fixed. Spenser.
EM'PlRE, 71. [Fr., from L. iwperium.] 1. Supreme power
in governing ; supreme dominion ; sovereignty ; imperial
power. 2. The territory, region or countries under the
jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor. An empire is
usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom. 3.
Supreme control ; governing influence ; rule ; sway. 4,
Any region, land or water, over which dominion is ex-
tendea.
* EM'PI-RI€, n. [Gr. eixireipiKo^.] Literally, one who makes
experiments. A physician who enters on practice without
a regular professional education. A quack ; an ignorant
pretender to medical skill ; a charlatan.
EM-PIR'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to experiments or expe-
EM-PIR'I-€AL, ) rience. 2. Versed in experiments. 3.
Known only by experience ; derived from experiment j
used and applied without science.
EM-PIR'I-€AL-LY, adv. By experiment ; according to ex-
perience ; without science ; in the manner of quacks.
EM-PIR'I-CISM, 71. 1. Dependence of a physician on his
experience in practice, without the aid of a regular med-
ical education. 2. The practice of medicine without a
medical education ; quackery.
EM-PLAS'TER, n. [Gr. E/zTrAaorpov.] See Plaster.
EM-PLaS'TER, v.t. To cover with a plaster. Mortimer.
EM-PLAS'TI€, a. [Gr. eixnXacrTiKos.] See Plastic. Vis-
cous ;_glutinous ; adhesive ; fit to be applied as a plaster.
EM-PLeAD', v. t. To charge with a crime ; to accuse. It
is now written implead.
EM-PLOY', V. t. [Fr. employer.] 1. To occupy the time,
attention and labor of; to keep busy, or at work ; to use.
2. To use as an instrument or means. 3. To use as ma-
terials in forming any thing. 4. To engage in one's ser-
vice ; to use as an agent or substitute in transacting busi-
ness. 5. To occupy ; to use ; to apply or devote to an
object ; to pass in business. — To employ one^s self, is to ap-
ply or devote one's time and attention ; to busy one's self.
EM-PLOY', n. 1. That which engages the mind, or occu-
pies the time and labor of a person ; business ; object of
study or industry ; employment. 2. Occupation, as art,
mystery, trade, piofession. 3. Public office; agency;
service for another
EM-PLOY' A-BLE, a. That may be employed ; capable of
being used ; fit or proper for use. Boyle.
EM-PLOY'ED, (em-ployd') pp. Occupied ; fixed or en-
gaged ; applied in business ; used in agency.
EM-PLOY'ER, n. One who employs ; one who uses ; one
who engages or keeps in sei-vice.
EM-PLOY'ING, ppr. Occupying ; using ; keeping busy.
EM-PLOY'MENT, n. 1. The act of employing or using.
2. Occupation ; business ; that which engages the head
or hands. 3. Ofiice; public business or trust; agency or
service for another or for the public.
EM-PLUNGE'. See PlUnge.
EM-POIS'ON, v. t. [Fr. empoisonner.] 1. To poison ; to
administer poison to. 2. To taint with poison or venom ;
to render noxious or deleterious by an admixture of poison-
ous substance. 3. To imbitter ; to deprive of sweetness.
EM-POIS'ONED, pp. Poisoned ; tainted with venom ; ira-
bittered.
EM-POIS'ON-ER, 71. One who poisons ; one who adminis-
ters a deleterious drug ; he or that which imbitters.
EM-POIS'ON-ING, ppr. Poisoning ; imbittering.
EM-POIS'ON-MENT, n. The act of administermg poison,
or causing it to be taken ; the act of destroying life by a
deleterious drug.
EM-PO-RET'I€, a. [Gr. zpLirogeTiKoi.] Used in markets, or
in rnerchandise.
EM-Po'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1. A place of merchandise ; a
town or city of trade ; particularly, a city or town of ex-
tensive commerce.— 2. In medicine, the common sensory
in the brain.
EM-POV'ER-ISII. See Impoverish.
EM-POWER, V. t. 1. To give legal or moral power or au- ,
thority to ; to authorize, either by law, commission, letter
of attorney, natural right, or by verbal license. 2. To
give physical power or force ; to enable.
EM-POW^'ERED, pp. Authorized ; having legal or moral
right.
EM-POW'ER-ING, ypr. Authorizing; giving power.
EM'PRESS, 71. [contracted from emperess.] 1. The con-
sort or spouse of an emperor. 2. A female who gov-
erns an empire ; a female invested with imperial power
or sovereignty.
EM-PRlSE', n. [Norm. ; em, en sxiA prise.] An undertak-
ing ; an enterprise. Spenser.
EMP'TI-ER, 71. One that empties or exhausts.
EMP'TI-NESS, n. 1. A state of being empty ; a state of
containing nothing except arf ; destitution; absence of
matter. 2. Void space ; vacuity ; vacuum. 3. Want
of solidity or substance. 4. Unsatisfactoriness ; inability
to satisfy desire. 5 Vacuity of head ; want of intellecf,
or knowledge. Pope.
EMP'TION, n. [L. emptio.] The act of buying ; a purchas-
ing. [Mot much u^ed.] Arbuthnot.
EMP'TY, a. [Sax. mmtig, or cemti.] 1. Containing nothing,
or nothing but air. 2. Evacuated ; not filled. 3. Unfur-
nished. 4. Void ; devoid. 5. Void ; destitute of solid
matter. 6. Destitute of force or effect. 7. Unsubstantial ;
unsatisfactory ; not able to fill the mind or the desires.
8. Not supplied ; having nothing to carry. 9. Hungry.
10. Unfurnished with intellect or knowledge ; vacant of
head ; ignorant. 11. Unfruitful ; producing nothing
12. Wcinting substance ; wanting solidity. 13. Destitut-e ,
* See Synopsis. A, S, r, O, t!, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
ENA
295
ENC
waste ; desolate. 14. Without effect. 15. Without a
cargo ; in ballast.
IlMP'TY, V. t. 1. To exhaust ; to make void or destitute ;
to deprive of the contents. 2. To pour out the contents.
3. To waste ; to make desolate.
EMP'TY, V. i. 1. To pour out or discharge its contents.
2. To become empty.
J^MP'TY-ING, ppr. Touring out the contents ; making void.
EMFTY-INGS, n. The lees of beer, cider, &c.
EM-PUR'PLE, V. t. To tinge or dye of a purple color j to
discolor with purple. Philips.
EM-PUR'PLED, pp. Stained with a purple color.
EM-PUR'PLING, ppr. Tinging or dyeing of a purple color.
•(• EM-PuSE'j n. [Gr. elx■Kov(sa.^ A phantom or spectre.
EM-PUZ^ZLE. See Puzzle.
EM-PY-E'MA, n. [Gr. eixnvrjixa.] A collection of purulent
matter in any part whatsoever j generally used to signify
that in the cavity of the breast only. Q,uincy.
EM-PYR'E-AL, a. [Ft. empyree.] I. Formed of pure fire
or light; refined beyond aerial substance; pertaining to
the highest and purest region of heaven. 2. Pure ; vital ;
dephlogisticated.
* EM-PY-Re'AN, a. Empyreal. Akenside.
* EM-PY-Re'AN, n. The highest heaven, where the pure
element of fire has been supposed to subsist.
EM-PYR'E-UM, n. The same as evipyreuma.
EM-PY-REu'MA, n. [Gr.] In chemistry, a disagreeable
smell produced from burnt oils.
EM-PY-REU-MAT'ie, ; a. Having the taste or smell
EM-PY-REU-MAT'I-eAL, ) of burnt oil, or of burning
animal and vegetable substances.
EM-PYR'I-€AL, a. Containhig the combustible principle
of coal. Kirwan.
EM-PY-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. s/^TriijJoa).] A general fire; a con-
flagration. [Little wsed.} Hale.
EM'RODS. See Emerods.
E'MU, n. A large fowl of South America, with wings unfit
for flight.
EM'U-LATE, v. t. [L. mmulor.] 1. To strive to equal or
excel, in qualities or actions ; to imitate, with a view to
equal or excel ; to vie with ; to rival. 2. To be equal to.
3. To imitate ; to resemble ; [unusual.']
EM'U-LATE, a. Ambitious. [Little used.] Shah.
EM'U-LA-TED, pp. Rivaled ; imitated.
EM'U-LA-TING, ppr. Rivaling ; attempting to equal or
excel; imitating; resembling.
EM-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of attempting to equal or
excel in qualities or actions ; rivalry ; desire of superior-
ity, attended with effort to attain to it ; generally in a
good sense. 2. An ardor kindled by the praise-worthy
examples of others, inciting to imitate them, or to equal
or excel them. 3. Contest ; contention ; strife ; competi-
tion; rivalry accompanied with a desire of depressing
another.
EM'U-LA-TiVE, a. Inclined to emulation ; rivaling ; dis-
posed to competition.
EM'U-LA-TOR, n. One who emulates ; a rival ; a compet-
itor.
EM'U-LA-TRESS, n. A female who emulates another.
] E-MULE', V. t. To emulate.
E-MUL6'ENT, a. [L. emulgco.] Milking or draining out.
In anatomy, the emulgent or renal arteries are those which
supply the kidneys with blood . The emulgent veins re-
turn rhe blood, after the urine is secreted.
E-MULG'ENT, n. An emulgent vessel.
EM'U-LOUS, a. [L. amulus.] 1. Desirous or eager to imi-
tate, equal or excel another ; desirous of like excellence
with another ; with of. 2. Rivaling ; engaged in compe-
tition. 3. Factious ; contentious.
EM'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With desire of equalling or excelling
another. Granville.
E-MUL'SION, n. [Fr., from L. emulsus.] A soft liquid
remedy of a color and consistence resembling milk.
E-MUL'SIVE, a. 1. Softening; milk-like. 2. Producing
or yielding a milk-like substance.
E-MUN€'TO-RY, n. [L. emunctorium.] In anatomy, any
part of the body which serves to carry off excrementitious
matter ; a secretory gland ; an excretory duct.
EM-US-€a'TION, n. [L. emuscor.] A freeing from moss.
[JVot much used.] Evelyn.
EN, a prefix to many English words, chiefly borrowed from
the French. It coincides with the Latin in, Greek ev,
and some English words are written indifferently with en
or in. For the ease of pronunciation, it is changed to em.,
particularly before a labial, as in employ.— En was for-
merly a plural termination of nouns and of verbs, as in
housen, escapen. It is retained in oxen and children.
EN-a'BLE, v. t. [Norm, enhabler.] 1. To make able ; to
supply with power, physical or moral ; to furnish with
sufficient power or ability. 2. To supply with means.
3. To furnish with legal ability or competency ; to au-
thorize. 4. To furnish with competent knowledge or
skill, and, in general, with adequate means.
EN-S'BLED, pp. Supplied with suflicient power, physlcaf,
moral or legal.
EN-A'BLE-MENT, n. The act of enabling ; ability.
EN-a'BLING, ppr Giving power to ; supplying with sufii-
cient power, ability or means ; authorizing.
EN-A€!T', v. t. [en and act.] I. To make, as a law ; to pass,
as a bill into a law ; to perform the last act of a legislature
to a bill, giving it validity as a lavs ; to give legislative
sanction to a bill. 2. To decree ; to establish as the will
of the supreme power. 3. To act ; to perform ; to effect ;
' [not used.] 4. To represent in action ; [not used.] Shak.
t EN-ACT', n. Purpose; determination.
EN-ACT'ED, pp. Passed into a law ; sanctioned as a law,
by legislative authority.
EN-ACT'ING, ppr. 1. Passing into a law ; giving legisla-
tive sanction to a bill, and establishing it as a law. 2. a.
Giving legislative forms and sanction.
EN-ACT'lYE, a. Having the power to establish or decree.
Bp. Bramhall.
EN-ACT'MENT, n. The passing of a bill into a law ; the
act of voting, decreeing, and giving validity to a law.
Chr. Observer.
EN-ACT'OR, 71, 1. One who enacts or passes a law ; one
who decrees or establishes, as a law. 2. One who per-
forms any thing ; [not used.] Shak.
t EN-ACT'URE, n. Purpose. Shak.
E-NAL'LA-6E, n. [Gr. evaAAa)/);.] A figure, in grammar,
by which some change is made m the common mode of
speech, or when one word is substituted for anotiier.
EN-AM'BUSH, v. t. 1. To hide in ambush. 2. To ambush.
EN-AM'B j,JSHED, ]}p. Concealed in ambush, or with hostile
intention ; ambushed.
EN-AM'EL, 11. [en, and Fr. email.] 1. In mineralogy, a
substance imperfectly vitrified — In the arts, a substance
of the nature of glass, differing from it by a greater degree
of fusibility or opacity. 2. That which is enameled ; a
smooth, glossy surface of various colors, resembling en«
amel. — 3. In anatojny, the smooth, hard substance, which
covers the crown of a to6th.
EN-AM'EL, V. t. 1. To lay enamel on a metal, as on gold,
silver, copper, &c. 2. To paint in enamel. 3. To form
a glossy surface like enamel.
EN-AM'EL, V. i. To practice the use of enamel.
EN-AM'EL-AR, a. Consisting of enamel ; resembling en-
amel ; smooth ; glossy.
EN-AM'ELED, pp. Overlaid with enamel ; adorned vv^ith
any thing resembling enamel.
EN-AM'EL-ER, 71. One who enamels ; one whose occupa-
tion is to lay enamels, or inlay colors.
EN-AM'EL-ING, ppr. Laying enamel.
EN-AM'EL-ING, n. The act or art of laying enamels.
EN-AM'OR, v. t. [Fr. amour.] To inflame with love ; tc
charm ; to captivate.
EN-AM-O^Ra'DO, n. One deeply in love. Herbert.
EN-AM'ORED, pp. Inflamed with love; charmed; de-
lighted.
EN-AM'OR-ING, 7?pr. Inflaming with love; charming,
captivating.
EN-ARM'ED, (en-armd') a. In heraldry, having arms, that is,
horns, hoofs, &c. of a different color from that of the
body.
EN-AR-Ra'TION, n. [L. enarro.] Recital ; relation ; ac-
count ; exposition. [Little used.]
EN-AR-THRo'SIS, 71. [Gr. eva^Qgwais.] In anatomy, that
species of articulation, which consists in the insertion of
the round end of a bone in the cup-like cavity of another,
forming a movable joint ; the ball and socket.
E-NaTE', a. [L. enatus.] Growing out. Smith.
t E-NAUN'TER, adv. Lest that, denser.
EN-€a6E', v. t. To shut up or confine in a cage ; to coop.
Shak.
EN-CaG'ED, (en-kajd') pp. Shut up or confined in a cage
EN-€a6'ING, ppr. Cooping ; confining in a cage.
EN-€AMPi, v.i. 1. To pitch tents or fonn huts, as an
army ; to halt on a march, spread tents and remain for a
night or for a longer time, as an army or company. 2. To
pitch tents for the purpose of a siege ; to besiege.
EN-CAMP', V. t. To form into a camp ; to place a marching
army or company in a temporary habitation or quarters.
EN-CAMP'ED, (en-kampf) pp. Settled in tents or huts for
lodging or temporary habitation.
EN-CAMP'ING, ppr. Pitching tents or forming huts, for a
temporary lodging or rest.
EN-CAMP'MENT, n. 1. The act of pitching tents or form-
ing huts, as an army or traveling company, for temporary
lodging or rest. 2. The place where an army or company
is encamped ; a camp.
EN-€ANK'ER, v. t. To corrode ; to canker. Shelton.
EN-€aSE', v. t. To inclose or confine in a case or cover.
EN-€AUS'TI€, a. [Gr. ev and KavamKos.] Pertaining to
tjie art of enameling, and to painting in burnt wax.
EN-€AUS'Tie, n. 1. Enamel or enameling. 2. The
method of painting in burnt wax.
* See S?/wop.5w. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
ENC
296
ENC
EN-€SVE', V. i To hide in a cave or recess. Shak.
EN-CEINT', (anrsaint') n. [Fr.] In fortification, inclosme;
the wall or rampart which surrounds a place.
EN-CEINT', (an-saint') a. In law, pregnant ; with child.
EN-Ce'NI-A, ?;. plu. [Gt. evyKatvia.] Festivals anciently
kept on the days on which cities were built, or churches
consecrated ; and, in later times, ceremonies renewed at
certain periods, as at Oxford , at the celebrations of foun-
ders and benefactors. Oldisworth.
EN-CHaFE', v. t. To chafe or fret ; to provoke ; to en-
rage ; to irritate. See Chafe.
EN-CHaF'ED, (en-chaff) pp. Chafed ; irritated ; en-
raged.
EN-CHaF'ING, ppr. Chafing ; fretting ; enraging.
EN-CHAIN', V. t. [Fr. enchahier.] 1. To fasten with a
chain ; to bind or hold in chains ; to hold in bondage. 2.
To hold fost ; to restrain ; to confine. 3. To link togeth-
er ; to connect.
EN-CHa1N'ED, (en-chand') pp. Fastened with a chain ;
held in bondage ; held fast ; restrained ; confined.
EN-UHaIN'ING, ppr. Making fast with a chain; binding;
holding in chains ; confining.
EN-CHANT', V. t. [Fr. enchanter.] 1. To practice sorcery
or witchcraft on any thing ; to give efficacy to any thing
by songs of sorcery, or fascination. 2. To subdue by
charms or spells, 3. To delight to the highest degree ; to
charm ; to ravish with pleasure.
EN-CHANT'ED, pp. 1. Affected by sorcery ; fascinated ;
subdued by charms ; delighted beyond measure. 2. In-
habited or possessed by elves, witches, or other imaginary
mischievous spirits.
EN-CHaNTEK, n. 1. One who enchants ; a sorcerer or
magician; one who has sphits or demons at his com-
mand ; one who practices enchantment. 2. One who
charms or delights. — Enchanter's nightshade, a genus of
plants, the circcea.
EN-CHANTlNG, ppr. 1. Affecting with sorcery, charms
or spells. 2. Delighting highly ; ravishing with delight ;
char'ning. 3. a. Charming; delighting; ravishing.
EN-CHaNT'ING-LY, adv. With "the power of enchant-
ment ; in a manner to delight or chann.
EN-CHaNT'MENT, n. 1. The act of producing certain
wonderful effects by the invocation or aid of demons, or
the agency of certain supposed spirits ; the use of magic
arts, spells or charms; incantation. 2. Irresistible influ-
ence ; overpowering influence of delight.
EN-CHANT'RESS, n. 1. A sorceress ; a woman who pre-
tends to effect wonderful things by the aid of demons ;
one who pretends to practice magic. 2. A woman whose
beauty or excellencies give irresistible influence.
t SN-CHAP.,GE', v. t. To give in charge or trust.
EN-CHASE', V. t. [Fr. enchasser.] 1. To infix or inclose
in another body so as to be held fast, but not concealed.
2. Technically, to adorn by embossed work ; to enrich or
beautify any work in metal, by some design. 3. To adorn
by being fixed on it. 4. To mark by incision. 5. To de-
lineate.
EN-CHaS'ED, (en-chasf) pp. Enclosed as in a frame or in
another body ; adorned with embossed work.
EN-CHaS'ING, ppr. Inclosing in another body; adorning
with embossed work.
t EN-CHeAS'ON, ??.. [OldFr.] Cause; occasion.
t EN-€HI-RID'I-ON, 71. [Gr. ev and ;^ap. j A manual ; a book
to be carried in the hand.
t EN-CIN'DERED, a. Burnt to cinders. Cocker aju.
EN-CiR'€LE, V. t. 1. To inclose or surround with a circle
or ring, or with any thing in a chcular form. 2. To en-
compass ; to surround ; to environ. 3. To embrace.
EN-CiR'€LED, pp. SmToimded with a circle ; encompassed;
- environed ; embraced.
EN-CiR'CLET, n. A circle ; a ring. Sidney.
EN-CiR'€LING, ppr. Surrounding with a circle or ring ;
encompassing ; embracing.
EN-€LIT'I€, ) a. [Gr. tyKKiTiKog.'] 1. Leaning; inclin-
EN-CLIT'I-€AL, \ ing, or inclined. — In grammar, an en-
clitic particle or word is one which is so closely united to
another as to seem to be a part of it ; as que, ve, and ve,
in viriiviqne, nonne, aliusve. 2. Throwing back the ac-
cent upon the foregoing syllable.
EN-CLIT'I€, n. LA word which is joined to the end of
another ; as que, in virumque. 2. A particle or word that
throws the accent or emphasis back upon the former syl-
lable.
EN-€LIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an enclitic manner ; by thro v/-
ing the accent back. Walker.
EN-€L1T'I€S, a. In grammar, the art of declining and
conjugating words.
EN-€LoSE'. See Inclose.
EN-€LOUD'ED, a. Covered with clouds. Spenser.
EN-€oACH', V. t. To carry in a coach. Davics.
EN-€OF'FIN, V. t. To put in a coffin.
EN-€OF'FINED, pp. Inclosed in a coffii? Spenser.
EN-€6M'BER. See Ekcumbeh.
tEN-€6M'BER-MENT, m. Molestation. Spensir.
EN-€o'MI-AST, n. [Gr. Ey/cw^ujaorj??.] One who praises
another; a panegyrist; one who utters or writes com-
mendations.
EN-€0-MI-AS'TI€, ) a. Bestowing praise ; praising ,
EN-€0-MI-AS'TI-€AL, ) commending; laudatory.
EN-eO-MI-AS'TI€, n. A panegyric.
t EN-Co'MI-ON, n. Panegyric. Fotherhy.
EN-€o'MI-UM, n. ; plu. Encomiums. [L.] Praise ; pane-
gyric ; commendation.
EN-€6M'PASS, v. t. 1. To encircle : to surround. 2. To
environ ; to inclose ; to surround; to shut pa. 3. To go
or sail round.
EN-€oM'PASSED, pp. Encircled ; surrounded ; inclosed..
EN-e6M'PASS-ING,ppr. Encircling; surrounding.
EN-€6M'PASS-MENT, n. 1. A surrounding. 2. A going
round ; circumlocution in speaking. Shak.
*EN-€oRE', a French word pronounced nearly Un-kore'
and signifying again, once more ; used by the auditors
and spectators of plays and other sports, when tliey call
for a i;epetition of a particular part.
* EN-€oRE', (an-kore' ) v. t. To call for a repetition of a par-
ticular part of an entertainment.
EN-€OUNT'ER, n. [Fr. encontre.] 1. A meeting, particu-
larly a sudden or accidental meeting of two or more per
sons. 2. A meeting in contest; a single combat, on a
sudden meeting of parties ; sometimes, less properly, a
duel. 3. A fight ; a conflict ; a skirmish ; a battle ; but
more generally, a fight between a small number of men.
4. Eager and warm conversation, either in love or anger.
5. A sudden or unexpected address or accosting. 6. Oc-
casion ; casual incident ; [urmsual.]
EN-€OUNT'ER, v. t. [Sp., Port, encontrar ; Fr. rencon-
tr-er.] 1. To meet face to face; particularly, to meet
suddenly or unexpectedly. 2. To meet in opposition, or
in a hostile manner ; to rush against in conflict ; to engage
with in battle. 3. To meet and strive to remove or sur-
mount. 4. To meet and oppose ; to resist ; to attack and
attempt to confute. 5. To meet, as an obstacle. 6. To
oppose; to oppugn. 7. To meet in mutual kindness;
[little 2ised.]
EN-€OUNT'ER, v. i. 1. To meet face to face ; to meet un-
expectedly. 2. To rush together in combat; to fight; to
conflict. 3. To meet in opposition or debate.
EN-GOUNT'ERED, pp. Met face to face ; met in opposition
or hostility ; opposed.
EN-€01TNT'ER-ER, n. One who encountei-s ; an oppo-
nent ; an antagonist. Attcrhury.
EN-eOUNT'ER-ING,;>f)r. Meeting; meeting in opposition,
or in battle ; opposing ; resisting.
EN-CoUR'AGE, (en-kur'raje) v. t. [Fr. encourager.] To
give courage to ; to give or increase confidence of success ;
to inspire with courage, spirit, or strength of mind ; to
embolden ; to animate ; to incite ; to inspirit.
EN-CoUR'AGED, pp. Emboldened ; inspirited ; animated j
incited.
EN-€6UR'A6E-MENT, n. 1. The act of giving courage, or
confidence of success ; incitement to action or to prac-
tice ; incentive. 2. That which serves to incite, support,
promote or advance, as favor, countenance, rewards,
profit.
EN-€oUR'A-GER, n. One who encourages, incites or stim-
ulates to action ; one who supplies incitements, either by
council, reward or means of execution.
EN-€6UR'A-6lNG,ppr. 1. Inspning with hope and confi-
dence ; exciting courage. 2. a. Furnishing ground to
hope for success.
EN-€oUR'A-GlNG-LY, adv. In a manner to give courage,
or hope of success.
EN-€Ra'DLE, v. t. To lay in a cradle. Spenser.
EN-CRIM'SON, V. t. To cover with a crimson color.
EN-€RIM'S0NED, pp. Covered with a crimson color.
EN'€RI-NITE, n. [Gr. Kpivov.] Stone-lily ; a fossil zoo-
phyte, formed of many joints, all perforated by some
starry from.
EN-CRISP'ED, (en-krispt'") a. [Sp. encrespar.] Curled,
formed in curls. Skelton.
EN-€RoACH , •;;. i. [Fr. accrocher.] 1. To enter on the
rights and possessions of another ; to intrude ; to take
possession of what belongs to another, by gradual ad
vances into. 2. To creep on gradually, without right. 3
To pass the proper bounds, and enter on another's rights
EN-€RoACH'ER, rz. 1. One who enters on and takes pos-
session of what is not his own, by gradual steps. 2. One
who makes gradual advances beyond his rights.
EN-€RoACH'ING, jjpr. Entering on and taking possession
of what belongs to another.
EN-€RoACH'INGj n. Tending or apt to encroach.
EN-€RoACH'ING-LY, adv. By way of encroachment.
EN-CRoACH'MENT, n. 1. The entering gradually on the
rights or possessions of another, and taking possession ,
unlawful inti-usion ; advance into the territories or juris-
diction of another, by silent means, or without right. 2.
* See Synopsis. K, E, I, O, tj "?, Zow?.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
END
297
ENE
That which is taken by encroaching on another.— 3. In
laic, if a tenant owes two shillings rent-service to the
lord, and the lord takes three, it is an encroachment.
EN-CRUST', v.t. To cover with a crust.
EN-€UM BER, v. t. [Fr. encombrer. See Incumber.] 1.
To load ; to clog ; to impede motion with a load, burden,
or any thtug inconvenient to the limbs ; to render motion
or operation difficult or laborious. 2. To embarrass ; to
perplex ; to obstruct. 3. To load with debts.
EN-€UM''BERED, pp. Loaded ; impeded in motion or ope-
ration, by a burden or difficulties 3 loaded with debts.
EN-€UM'BER-ING, ppr. Loading ; clogging ; rendering
motion or operation difficult ; loading with debts.
EN-eUM'BRANCE, n. 1. A load ; any thing that impedes
motion, or renders it difficult and laborious ; clog ; imped-
iment. 2. Useless addition or load. 3. Load or burden
on an estate ; a legal claim on an estate, for the discharge
of which the estate is liable.
tEN-CY€'LI-eAL, a. [Gr. eyKVK^iKos.] Circular; sent to
many persons or places ; intended for many, or for a wliole
order of men.
EN-CY'CLO-PEDE, n. The round of learning. Manmjng-
ham.
EJV-CY-CLG-Pe'DI-A, or EN-CY-CLO-Pe'DY, «. [Gr.
tv, kvkKos and iratBua.l The circle of sciences ; a general
system of instruction or knowledge. A collection of the
principal facts, principles and discoveries, in all branches
of science and the arts, digested under proper titles, and
arranged in alphabetical order.
EN-CY-CLO-Pe'DI-AN, a. Embracmg the whole circle of
learning.
EN-CY-CLO-Pe'DIST, n. The compiler of an encyclope-
dia, or one who assists in such compilation.
EN-CYST'ED, a. Inclosed in a bag, bladder, or vesicle.
END, n. [Sax. end, ende, or ande ; G. ende."] 1. The ex-
treme point of a Ihie, or of any thing that has more length
than breadth. 2. The extremity or last part, in general ;
the close or conclusion, applied to time. 3. The conclu-
sion or cessation of an action. 4. The close or conclusion ;
as the end of a chapter. 5. Ultimate state or condition ;
final doom. 6. The point beyond v/hich no progression
can be made. 7. Final determination ; conclusion of de-
bate or deliberation. 8. Close of life ; death ; decease.
9. Cessation ; period ; close of a particular state of things.
10. Limit; termination. 11. Destruction. 32. Cause of
death ; a destroyer. 13. Consequence ; issue ; result ;
conclusive event ; conclusion. 14. A fragment or broken
piece. Shak. 15. The ultimate point or thing at whifeh
one aims or directs his views ; purpose intended ; scope ;
aim ; drift. — 16. Jin end, for on end, upright ; erect ; as,
his hair stands an end.— 17. The ends of the earth, in
Scripture, are the remotest parts of the earth.
END, V. t. 1. To finish ; to close ; to conclude ; to termin-
ate. 2. To destroy ; to put to death.
END, V. i. 1. To come to the ultimate point ; to be finished.
2. To terminate ; to close ; to conclude. 3. To cease ; to
come to a close.
t END'-ALL, 71. Final close. Shak.
EN-DAM' AGE, ii. t. To bring loss or damage to ; to harm ;
to injure ; to mischief; to prejudice.
EN-DAM' AGED, pp. Harmed ; injured.
EN-DAM'A6E-MENT, 7!. Damage; loss; injury. Shak.
EN-DAM'A-GING,p;>r. Harming; injuring.
EN-DaN'6ER, v. t. 1. To put in hazard ; to bring into dan-
ger or peril ; to expose to loss or injury. 2. To incm- the
hazard of. Bacon.
EN-DaN'GERED, pp. Exposed to loss or injury.
EN-DaN'GER-ING,^ ppr. Putting in hazard ; exposing to
loss or injurv.
EN-DaN'GER-ING, n. Injury ; damage. Milton.
EN-DaN'6ER-MENT, 71. Hazard ; danger. Spenser.
EN-DeAR', v. t. 1. To make dear ; to make more beloved.
2. To raise the price ; {not in wse.]
EN-DeAR'ED, (en-deerd') pp. Rendered dear, beloved, or
more beloved.
EN-DeAR'ING, -ppr. Making dear or more beloved.
EN-DeAR'MENT, 71. 1. The cause of love ; that which ex-
cites or increases affection, particularly, that which excites
tenderness of affection. 2. The state of being beloved ;
tender affection.
EN-DEAV'OR, (en-dev'ur) n. [Norm, devoyer.] An effort ;
an essay ; an attempt ; an exertion of physical strength, or
the intellectual powers,towards the attainment of an object.
EN-DEAV'OR, (en-dev'ur) v. i. 1. To exert physical strength
or intellectual power, for the accomplishment of an object :
to try ; to essay ; to attempt. 2. v. t. To attempt to gain ;
to try to efiect.
EN-DEAV'ORED, pp. Essayed ; attempted.
EN-DEAV'OR-ER, n. One who makes an effort or attempt.
EN-DEAV'OR-TNG, ppr. Making an effiDrt or effiarts ; striv-
ing; essaying; attempting.
EN-DEC'A-GON, '^. [Gr. ev, 6£Ka and yoivta.] A plain figure
of eleyen sides and angles. Bailey.
EN-DEI€'TI€, a. [Gr. svSeiKvxini, to show.] Showing; ex-
hibiting. Enfield.
EN-DEM'IC, \ a. [Gr. n'5;;//to?.] Peculiar to a people or
EN-DEM'T-CAL, > nation. An e««Zemic disease is one to
EN-De'MI-AL, ) which the inhabitants of a particular
country are peculiarly subject.
EN-DEN'iZE, v. t. To make free ; to naturalize ; to admit
to the privileges of a denizen. [Little used.'\
EN-DEN'I-ZEN, v. t. To naturalize. B. Jonson.
EN-DICT', EN-DICT'MENT. See Indict, Indictment.
END'ING, ppr. Terminating ; closing ; concluding.
END'ING, n. 1. Termination ; conclusion. — 2. In gram-
mar, the terminating syllable or letter of a word.
END-iR-ONS, n. plu. Irons on each side of the fire. See
Andirons.
EN-DlTE'. Sefi Indite.
EN'DlVE, n. [Fr. endive.] A species of plant, of the genus
cichorium or succory ; used as a salad.
ENDLESS, a. 1. Without end ; having no end or conclu-
sion ; applied to length, and to duration. 2. Perpetual;
incessant; continual.
END'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Without end or termination. 2
Incessantlv ; perpetually ; continually.
END'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Extension without end or lunit.
2. Perpetuity ; endless duration.
END'LONG, adv. In a line ; with the end forward ; [little
used.] Dryden.
EN-DOCTRINE, v. t. To teach ; to indoctrinate.
EN-DORSE', EN-DORSE'MENT. See Indorse, Indorse-
ment.
EN-DOSS', ij. t. [Fr. endosser.] To engrave or carve. Spenser.
EN-DOW', V. t. [Norm, endouer.] 1. To furnish with a
portion of goods or estate, caMea dower ; to settle a dower
bn. 2. To settle on, as a permanent provision ; to furnish
with a permanent fund of property. 3. To enrich or fur-
nish with any gift, quality or faculty ; to indue.
EN-DOW'ED, (eu-dowd') pp. Furnished with a portion of
estate ; having dower settled on ; supplied with a perma-
nent fund ; indued.
EN-DOW'ER, r. t. To endow ; to enrich with a portion.
Waterhouse.
EN-DOW'ER, 71. One who enriches with a portion. Sher-^
wood.
EN-DO WING, ppr. Settling a dower on ; furnishing with
a permanent fund ; induing.
EN-DOW'MENT, n. 1. The act of settling a dower on a
woman, or of settling a fund for tlie support of a parson or
vicar, or of a professor, &c. 2. That which is bestowed
or settled on ; property, fund or revenue permanently ap-
propriated to any object. 3. That which is given or be-
stowed on the 'person or mind by the Creator ; gift of
nature : any quality or faculty bestovv'ed by the Creator.
EN-DRU'DgE', (en-druj') v. t To make a dmdge or slave ;
[iwtused.] Hall.
EN-DuE', v. t. [Fr. enduire ; L. induo.] To indue.
EN-DuR'A-BLE, a. That can be borne or suffered.
EN-DuR'ANCE, 71. 1. Continuance ; a state of lasting or
duration ; lastingness. 2. A tearing or suffering; a con-
tinuing under pain or distress without resistance, or with-
out sinking or yielding to the pressure ; sufferance ; pa-
tience. 3. Delay; a waiting for f [not used.]
EN-DuRE', V. i. [Fr. endurer.] 1. To last; to continue in
the same state without perishing ; to remain ; to abide.
2. To bear; to brook; to suffer without resistance, or
without yielding.
EN-DuRE', V. t. 1. To bear; to sustain ; to support with-
out breaking or yielding to force or pressure. 2. To bear
with patience : to bear without opposition or sinking un-
der the pressure. 3. To undergo ; to sustain. 4. To con-
tinue in ; [not used.]
EN-DuR'ED, (en-diird') pp. Borne ; suffered ; sustained.
EN-DuR'ER, n. 1. One who bears, suffers or sustains. 2
He or that which continues long.
EN-DtJR'ING, ppr. 1. Lasting; continuing without perish
ing ; bearing ; sustaining ; supporting with patience, 01
without opposition or yieldhig. 2. a. Lasting long ; per-
manent.
END'WISE, adv. On the end ; erectly ; in an upright po-
sition. 2. With the end forward.
t EN'E-CATE, V. t. [L. eneco.] To kill. Harvey.
E-Ne'ID, 71. [L. .Mneis,] A heroic poem, written by Virgil.
EN'E-MY, 7!. [Fr. ennc7ni.] 1. A foe ; an adversary. A
private enemy is one who hates another and wishes hiin
injury. A public enemy or foe is one who belongs to a
nation or party at war "with another. 2. One who hates
or dislikes. — 3. In theology, and by way of eminerce,
the enemy is the devil ; the archfiend. — 4. In military af-
fairs, the opposing army or naval force in war is called
the enemy.
EN-ER-GET'I€, ) a. [Gr evepyvriKos.] 1. Operating
EN-ER-GET'I-€AL, \ with force, vigor and effect ; forci
ble; powerful; efficacious. 2. Moving; working; ac-
tive ; operative.
See Synopsis. IMOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
ENF
298
ENG
EN-ER-OET'I-GAL-LY, adv. With force and vigor ; with
energy and effect.
t EN-ER'6I€, a. Powerful in effect. Collins.
t EN-ER'6I-€AL, a. Vigorous ; active ; powerful in effect.
EN'ER-GiZE, V. i. To act with force ; to operate with
vigor ; to act in producing an effect,
EN'ER-6iZE, V. t. To give strength or force to ; to give ac-
tive vigor to.
EN'ER-OlZED, yp. Invigorated.
EN'ER-6lZ-ER, n. He or that wliich gives energy ; he or
that which acts in producing an effect.
EN'ER-GflZ-ING, ppr. Giving energy, force or vigor ; act-
ing with force.
EN'ER-6Y, n. [Gi: ev spy eia.] 1. Internal or inherent pow-
er ; the power of operating, whether exerted or not. 2.
Power exerted ; vigorous operation ; force ; vigor. 3. Ef-
fectual operation ; efficacy ; strength or force producing
the effect. 4. Strength of expression ; force of utterance ;
life : spirit ; emphasis.
EN-ERV'ATE, a. Weakened ; weak ; without strength or
force.
* EN'ER-VATE, or £N-ER'VATE, v. t. [L. eiiervo.] 1.
To deprive of strength ; to weaken ; to render feeble. 2.
To cut the nerves.
* EN'ER-VA-TED, pp. Weakened ; enfeebled ; emascu-
lated.
* EN'ER-VA-TING, ppr. Depriving of strength, force or
vigor 3 weakening J enfeebling.
EN-ER-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of weakening, or reduc-
ing strength. 2. The state of being weakened ; effemi-
nacy.
EN-ERVE', (en-erv') v. t. To weaken ; the same as enervate,
EN-FAM'ISH, v. t. To famish. See Famish.
EN-FEE'BLE, v. t. To deprive of strength ; to reduce the
strength or force of; to weaken ; to debilitate ; to enervate.
E^7-FEE'BLED, pp. Weakened 3 deprived of strength or
vigor.
EN-FEE'BLE-MENT, n. The act of weakening ; enerva-
tion. Spectator.
EN-FEE'BLING, ppr. Weakening ; debilitating ; enervat-
ing.
EN -FEL'ONED, a. Fierce ; cruel. Spenser.
* EN -FEOFF', (en-fef) v. t. [Law L. feoffo.] 1. To give one
a feud ; hence, to invest with a fee ; to give to another
any corporeal hereditament, in fee simple or fee tail, by
livery of seizin. 2. To surrt nder or give up ; [notused.'l
*EN-FEOFF'ED, (en-feff) pp. Invested with tlae fee of
any corporeal hereditament.
*EN-FEOFF'ING, ppr. Giving to one the fee simple of any
corporeal hereditament.
* EN-FEOFF'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving the fee simple
of an estate. 2. T)ie instrument or deed by which one is
invested with the fee of an estate.
EN-FET'TER, v. t. To fetter ; to bind in fetters. Shak.
EN-Fe'VER, v. t. To excite fever in. Seward.
t EN-FIERCE', (en-fers') v. t. To make fierce. Spenser.
ExV-PI-LaDE', n. [Fr.] A line or straight passage ; or the
situation of a place vviiich may be seen or scoured with
shot all_the length of a line, or in the direction of a line.
EN-FI-LaDE', v. t. To pierce, scour or rake with sliot, in
the direction of a line, or through the whole length of a
line.
EN-FI-LaD'ED, pp. Pierced or raked in a line.
EN-FI-LaD'ING, ppr. Piercing or sweeping in a line.
t EN-FiRE', v. t. To inflame ; to set on fire. Spenser.
EN-FLESH', V. t. To harden ; to establish in any practice.
Florio.
EN-FoRCE', V. t. [Fr. enforcir.] 1. To give strength to ; to
strengthen ; to invigorate. 2. To make or gain by force ;
to force. 3. To put in act by violence ; to drive. 4. To
instigate ; to urge on ; to animate. 5. To urge with ener-
gy ; to give force to ; to impress on the mind. 6. To
compel ; to constrain ; to force. 7. To put in execution ;
to cause to take effect. 8. To press with a charge. 9.
To prove ; to evince.
t EN-FoRCE', V. i. To attempt by force.
t EN-FoRCE', n. Force ; strength ; power. Milton.
EN-FoRCE'A-BLE, n. That may be enforced.
EN-FoR'CED, (en-forsf) pp. Strengthened; gained by
force ; driven ; compelled ; urged ; carried into effect.
EN-FoR'CED-LY, adv. By violence ; not by choice. SliaJs:.
EN-FoRCE'MENT, n. I. The act of enforcing ; compul-
sion ; force applied. 2. That which gives force, energy
or effect; sanction. 3. Motive of conviction ; urgent evi-
dence. 4. Pressing exigence ; that which urges or con-
strains. — 5. In a general sense, any thing which compels
or constrains. 6. A putting in execution.
EN-FoR'CER, n. One who compels, constrains or urges ;
one who effects by violence ; one who carries into effect.
EN-FoR'CING, ppr. Giving force or strength ; compelling;
urging ; constraining ; putting in execution.
EN-FORM', V. t. To form ; to fashion. See Form.
EN-FOUL'DERED, a. [Fr.foudroyer.] Mixed with light-
ning. Spenser.
EN-FRAN'CmSE, v. t. 1. To set free ; to liberate from
slavery. 2. To make free of a city, corporation or state j
to adinit to the privileges of a freeman. 3. To free or re-
lease from custody. 4. To naturalize ; to denizen ; to
receive as denizens.
EN-FRAN'CmsED, pp. 1. Set free ; released from bond-
age. 2- Admitted to the rights and privileges of freemen.
EN-FRAN'CHlSE-MENT, n. 1. Release from slavery or cus-
tody. 2. The admission of persons to the freedom of a
corporation or state ; investiture with the privileges of free
citizens.
EN-PRAN'CHiS-ER, n. One who enfranchises.
EN-FRAN'CHiS-ING, ppr. Setting free from slavery or cus-
tody ; admitting to the privileges office citizens.
f EN-FRo'WARD, v. t. To make froward or perverse.
t EN-FRo'ZEN, a. Frozen ; congetded. Spenser.
EN-GaGE , V. t. [Fr. engager.} 1. To make liable for a
debt to a creditor; to bind one's self as surety. 2. To
pawn ; to stake as a pledge. 3. To enlist ; to bring into a
party. 4. To embark in an affair. 5. To gain ; to win
and attach ; to draw to. 6. To unite and bind by con-
tract or promise. 7. To attract and fix. 8. To occupy ;
to employ assiduously. 9. To attack in contest ; to en-
counter.
EN-GaGE', v. i. 1. To encounter ; to begin to fight ; to at-
tack in conflict. 2. To embark in any business ; to take
a concern in ; to undertake. 3. To promise or pledge
one's word ; to bind one's self.
EN-GaG'ED, (en-gajd') pp. or a. Pledged ; promised ; en-
listed ; gained and attached ; attracted and fixed ; em-
barked ; earnestly employed ; zealous.
EN-GaG'ED-LY, adv. With earnestness ; with attachment.
EN-Ga6'ED-NESS, n. The state of being seriously and
earnestly occupied ; zeal ; animation. FliaVs Massillon.
EN-GaGE'MENT, n. I. The act of pawning, pledging or
making liable for debt. 2. Obligation by agreement or
contract. 3. Adherence to a party or cause ; partiahty.
4. Occupation ; employment of the attention. 5. Em-
ployment in fighting ; the conflict of aa-mies or fleets ;
battle ; a general action. 6. Obligation ; motive ; that
which engages.
EN-Ga6'ER, 71. One that enters into an engagement or
agreement.
EN-GaG'ING, ppr. 1. Pawning; making liable for debt;
enlisting ; bringing into a party or cause ; promising ;
binding. 2. a. Winning ; attractive ; tending to draw
the attention or the affections ; pleasing.
EN-GaG'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to win the affections,
t EN-GAL'LANT, v. t. To make a gallant of. B. Jonson.
t EN-6aOL', (en-jale') v. t. To imprison. Shak.
t EN-GaR'BOTL, v. t. To disorder.
EN-GAR'LAND, v. t. To encircle with a garland.
EN-GAR RI-SON, v.t. To furnish with a garrison ; to de-
fend or protect by a garrison. Bp. Hall.
t EN-GAS'TRI-MUTH, n. [Gr. £v, yaarrip and pvBog.] A
ventriloquist.
EN-GEN DER, v. t. [Fr. engendrcr.'] I. To beget between
the different sexes ; to form in embryo. 2. To produce ;
to cause to exist ; to cause to bring forth.
EN-6EN'DER, v. i. To be caused or produced.
EN-6EN'DERED, pp. Begotten ; caused ; produced.
EN-6EN'DER-ER, n. He or that which engenders.
EN-GEN'DER-ING, ppr. Begetting ; causing to be ; pro-
ducing,
EN-GILD', v. t. To gild ; to brighten. Shak.
EN'GiNE, n. [Fr. engin.] 1. In mechanics, a compound
machine, or artificial instrument, composed of different
parts, and intended to produce some effect by the help of
the meclianical powers ; as a pump, a windlas, a capstan,
a fire engine, a steam engine. 2. A military machine ;
as a battering ram, &:c. 3. Any instrument; that by
which any effect is produced. 4. A machine for throwing
water to extinguish fire. 5. Means ; any thing used to
effect a purpose. 6. An agent for another ; usually in an
ill sense.
EN-GI-NEER', n. [Fr. ingenieur.] 1. In the military art, a
person skilled in mathematics and mechanics, who forma
plans of works for offense or defense, and marks out the
ground for fortifications. — Cinil engineers are also em-
ployed in delineating plans and superintending the con-
struction of other public works, as aqueducts and canals.
2. One who manages engines or artillery.
EN'GiNE-RY, (en'jin-ry) n. 1. The act of managing en-
gines or artillery. 2. Engines in general ; artillery ; in-
struments of war. 3. Machination.
EN-GiRD', v. t. To surround ; to encircle ; to encompass
EN-GiRD'ED, or EN-GtRT',|?p. Surrounded ; encompassed.
EN-GtRD'ING, ppr. Encircling ; surrounding,
EN-GLAD', v. t. To make glad ; to cause to rejoice.
t EN-GLaIM'ED, (en-glamd') a. Furred ; clammy.
ENG'LAND. See English.
EN'GLE, n. A gull ; a put ; a bubble.
EN'GLISH, (ing'glish) a. [Sax. Englisc, from Engles,
.Angles, a tribe of Germans who settled in Britain, and
* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, tj, Y, long.—Fl^H. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARWE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
ENH
299
ENL
gave it the name of England.] Belonging to England, or
to its inliabitants.
EN'GLISH, (ing'glisli) n. 1. The people of England. 2. The
language of England or of the English nation.
EN'GLISH, V. t. To translate into the English language.
EN'GLISHED, pp. Rendered into English.
EN'GLISH-RY, n. The state of being an Englishman.
EN-GLUT', v.t. [Fr. engloutir.] 1. To swallow. Shak.
2, To fill J to glut. Spenser.
EN-GoRE', V. t. To pierce ; to gore. [See Gore.] Spenser.
EN-GORGE', (en-gorj') v. t. [Fr. engorger.] To swallow ;
to devour ; to gorge ; properly, to swallow with greedi-
ness, or in large quantities.
EN-GORGE', (en-gorj') v.i. To devour; to feed with eager-
ness or voracity. Milton.
EN-GORG'ED, (en-gorjd') pp. Swallowed with greediness,
or in large draughts.
EN-GORGE'MENT, (en-gorj 'ment) n. The act of swallow-
ing greedily ; a devouring with voracity.
EN-GORG'ING, ppr. Swallowing with voracity.
EN-GRAFT', v. t. To ingraft, which see.
EN-GRaIL', v. t. [Fr. engr&ler.'] In heraldry, to variegate ;
to spot, as with hail ; to indent or make ragged at the
edges ; to indent in curve lines.
EN GRaIL'ED, {en-%ra.\W) pp. Variegated ; spotted.
EN-GRaIN', v. t. To dye in grain, or in the raw material ;
to dye deep.
EN-GRaIN'ED, (en-graind') pp. Dyed in the grain.
EN-GRaIN'ING, ppr. Dyeing in the grain.
EN-GRAP'PLE, v. t. To grapple ; to seize and hold ; to
close in and hold fast.
EN-GRASP', V. t. To seize with a clasping hold ; to hold
fast by inclosing or embracing ; to gripe.
EN-GRaVE', v.t.; 'piet. enaraved ; pp. engraved or en-
graven [Fr. graver.] 1. To cut, as metals, stones or
other hard substances, with a chisel or graver; to cut
figures, letters or devices, on stone or metal ; to mark by
incisions. 2. To picture or represent by incisions. 3.
To imprint ; to impress deeply ; to infix. 4. To bury ; to
deposit in the grave ; to inter ; to inhume ; [obs.]
EN-GRaV'ED, or EN-GRAVEN, pp. Cut or marked, as
with a chisel or graver ; imprinted ; deeply impressed.
EN-GRaVE'MENT, n. Engraved work ; act of engraving.
EN-GRaV'ER, n. One who engraves ; a cutter of letters,
figures or devices, on stone, metal or wood ; a sculptor ;
a carver.
EN-GRaV'ER-Y, n. The work of an engraver. [Little used.]
EN-GRaV'ING, ppr. Cutting or marking stones or metals,
with a chisel or graver ; imprinting,
EN-GRaV'ING, n. The act or art of cutting stones, metals
and other hard substances, and representing thereon
figures, letters, characters and devices ; a branch of
sculpture ; a print.
EN-GRIeVE', v. t. To grieve ; to pain. See Grieve.
EN-GRoSS', '/;. t. [Fr. engrossir.] 1. Primarily, to make
thick or gross ; to thicken ; [not used.] 2. To make
larger ; to increase in bulk ; [not used.] 3. To seize in
the gross ; to take the whole. 4. To purchase, with a
view to sell again, either the whole or large quantities of
commodities in market, for the purpose of making a profit
by enhancing the price. 5. To copy in a large hand ; to
write a fair, correct copy, in large or distinct, legible
characters. 6. To take or assume in undue quantities or
degrees.
EN-GRoSS'ED, (en-grosf) pp. Made thick ; taken in the
whole ; purchased in large quantities for sale ; written in
large, _fair characters.
ENGRoSS'ER, n. He or that which takes the whole ; a
person who purchases the whole or such quantities of ar-
ticles in a market as to raise the price. 2. One who
copies a writing in large, fair characters.
EN-GRoSS'ING, ppr. 1. Taking the whole ; buying com-
modities in such quantities as to raise the price in market.
9. Writing correct copies in large, fair characters.
EN-GRoSS'MENT, n. 1. The act of engrossing ; the act of
taking the whole. 2. The appropriation of things in tlie
gross, or in exorbitant quantities ; exorbitant acquisition.
EN-GUARD', V. t. To guard ; to defend. Shak.
EN-GULF', V. t. To throw or to absorb in a gulf.
EN-GULF'ED, (en-gulff) pp. Absorbed in a whirlpool, or
in a deep abyss or gulf.
EN-GULF'MENT, n. An absorption in a gulf, or deep cav-
ern, or vortex.
EN-HANCE', (en-hans') v. t. [Norm, enhauncer.] 1. To
raise; to lift; [obs.] 2. To raise; to advance ; to height-
en. 3. To increase ; to aggravate.
ENHANCE', v.-i. To be raised ; to swell ; to grow larger.
EN-HAN'CED, (en-hansf) pp. Raised ; advanced ; height-
ened ; increased.
EN-HANCE'MENT, n. 1. Rise
2. Increase ; aggravation.
EN-HAN'CER, n. One who enhances; he or that which
raises price, &;c.
increase ; augmentation.
EN-HAN'CING, ppr. Raising ; increasing ; augmenting ;
aggravating. '
EN-HAR'BOR, v. i. To dwell in or inhabit. Browne.
EN-HARD'EN, v. t. To harden ; to encourage. Howell.
EN-HAR-MON'I€, a. In music, an epithet applied to such a
species of composition, as proceeds on vexy small intervals.
E-NIG'MA, 71. [L. cenigma.] A dark saying, in which some
known thing is concealed under obscure language; an
obscure question ; a riddle. Johnson. Encyc.
EN-IG-PdAT'ie, I a. 1. Relating to or containing a rid ^
EN-IG-MAT'I-€AL, \ die ; obscure ; darkly expressed ;
ambiguous. 2. Obscurely conceivett or apprehended.
EN-IG-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an obscure manner.
E-NIG'MA-TIST, n. A maker or dealer in enigmas and
riddles. Addison.
E-NIG'MA-TiZE, v.i. To utter or form enigmas ; to deal
in riddles.
E-NIG-MA-TOG'RA-PHY, ) n. [Gr. aiviyixa and y^afw,
E-NIG-MA-TOL'O-GY, \ or Xoyoi.] The art of making
and solving riddles.
EN-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. enjoindre.] 1. To order or direct with
urgency ; to admonish or instruct with authority ; to com-
mand. Says Johnson, " This word is more authoritative
than direct, and less imperious than command." — 2. In
laio, to forbid judicially ; to issue or direct a legal injunc-
tion to stop proceedings.
EN-JOIN'ED, (en-joind') pp. Ordered ; directed ; admon-
ished with authority ; commanded.
EN-JOIN'ER, n. One who enjoins.
EN-JOIN'ING, ppr. Ordering ; directing. Brown.
EN-JOIN'MENT, n. Direction ; command ; authoritative
admonition.
EN-JOY', V. t. [Fr. jouir.] 1. To feel or perceive with
pleasure ; to take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession
or experience of. 2. To possess with satisfaction ; to take
pleasure or delight in the possession of. 3. To have, pos-
sess and use with satisfaction ; to have, hold or occupy,
as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable.
EN-JOY', r. t. To live in happiness. [Unusual.] Milton.
EN-JOY'A-BLE, a. Capable of being enjoyed. Pope.
EN-JOY'ED, (en-joyd') pp. Perceived with pleasure or sat-
isfaction ; possessed or used with pleasure; occupied with
content.
EN-JOY'ER, n. One who enjoys,
EN-JOY'ING, p;7r. Feeling with pleasure ; possessing with
satisfaction.
EN-JOY'MENT, n. 1. Pleasure ; satisfaction ; agreeable
sensations ; fruition, 2. Possession with satisfaction ;
occupancy of any thing good or desirable.
EN-KIN'DLE, v. t. 1, To kindle ; to set on fire ; to inflame.
2. To excite , to rouse into action ; to inflame,
EN-KIN'DLED, pp. Set on fire ; inflamed ; roused into ac-
tion ; excited,
EN-KIN'DLING, ppr. Setting on fire ; inflaming ; rousing ;
exciting,
EN-LARD', V. t. To cover with lard or grease ; to baste.
EN-LAR6E', (en-larj') v. t. 1. To make greater in quantity
or dimensions ; to extend in limits, breadth or size ; to
expand in bulk. 2. To dilate ; to expand ; as with joy or
love, 3. To expand ; to make more comprehensive. 4.
To increase in appearance ; to magnify to the eye. 5.
To set at liberty ; to release from confinement or pressure.
6. To extend in a discourse ; to diffuse in eloquence, 7.
To augment ; to increase ; to make large or larger.
EN-LaR6E', (en-larj') v. i. 1. To grow large or larger ; to
extend ; to dilate ; to expand. 2, To be diffuse in speak-
ing or writing ; to expatiate. 3, To exaggerate.
EN-LARG'ED, (en-larjd') 7>p, Increased in bulk; extended
in dimensions ; expanded ; dilated ; augmented ; released
from confinement or straits,
EN-LARG'ED-LY, adv. With enlargement. Mountagu.
EN-LARGE'MENT, n. 1. Increase of sizt or bulk, real or
apparent ; extension of dimensions or limits ; augmenta-
tion ; dilatation; expansion. 2, Expansion or extension,
applied to the mind, to knoioledge, or to the intellectual
powers, by tohich the mind comprehends a wider range of
ideas or thought. 3. Expansion of the heart, by which it
becomes more benevolent and charitable. 4. Release from
confinement, servitude, distress or straits. Esther, iv. 5
Difiusiveness of speech or writing ; an expatiating on a
particular subject ; a wide range of discourse or argument,
EN-LAR6'ER, n. He or that which enlarges, increases,
extends or expands ; an amplifier.
EN-LARG'ING, ppr. Increasing in bulk ; extending in di-
mensions ; expanding ; making free or liberal ; speaking
diffusively,
EN-LARG'ING, n. Enlargement,
EN-LiGHT', (en-lite') v.t. To illumiuate; to enlighten.
[Rarely used.] Pope.
EN-LTGHT'EN, (en-ll'tn) V. i. [S3.X. enlihtan.] 1, To make
light ; to shed light on ; to supply with light ; to illumin-
ate. 2. To quicken in the faculty of vision ; to enable to
see more clearly. 3. To give light to ; to give clearer
views ; to illuminate ; to instruct ; to enable to see <>r
See Synopsis. MOV E, BOOK , D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f Ais. t Obsolete.
ENO
300
ENS
comprehend troth. 4. To illuminate with divine knowl-
edge, or a knowledge of the truth.
EN-LIGHT'ENED, jjp. Rendered light ; illuminated ; in-
structed ; informed ; furnished with clear views.
EN-LIGHT'EN-ER, n. One who illuminates ; he or that
which communicates light to the eye, or clear views to
the mind.
EN-LIGHT'EN-ING, ppr. Illuminating ; giving light to ;
instructing.
EN-LINK', V. t. To chain to ; to connect. Shak.
EN-LIST', V. t. 1. To enroll ; to register ; to enter a name
on a list. 2. To engage in public service, by entering the
name in a register.
EN-LIST', V. i. To engage in pubHc service, by subscribing
articles, or enrolling one's name.
EN-LIST'MENT, n. The act of enlistmg ; the writing by
which a soldier is bound.
t EN-LIVE', V. t. [from life, live.] To animate ; to make
alive. Bp. Hall.
EN-Li'VEN, (en-li'vn) v. t. 1. To give action or motion
to ; to make vigorous or active ; to excite. 2. To give
spirit or vivacity to ; to animate ; to make sprightly. 3.
To make cheerful, gay or joyous.
EN-Ll'VENED, pp. Made more active ; excited ; animated ;
made cheerful or gay.
EN-Li'VEN-ER, n. He or that which enlivens or animates ;
he or that which invigorates.
EX-Li'VEN-ING, ppr. Giving life, spirit or animation ; in-
spiriting ; invigorating ; making vivacious, sprightly or
cheerful .
EN-LuMlNE, V. t. To illumine ; to enlighten.
EN-M:4R'BLE, v. t. To make hard as marble ; to harden.
EN-MEc^H', V. t. To net ; to entangle ; to entrap. Shak.
EN-MEW'. SeeEMMEw.
EN'MI-TY, n. [Fr. inimitle.] 1. The quality of being an
enemy ; the oppoPite of friendship ,■ ill will ; hatred ; un-
friendly dispositions ; malevolence. It expresses more
than aversion, and less than malice, and differs from dis-
pleasure in denoting a fixed or rooted hatred, whereas
displeasure is more transient. 2. A state of opposition.
t EN-MOVE'. See Emmo ve.
EN-NE-A-€ON-TA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. twevr^Kovra and
eopa.] Having ninety faces. Cleaveland,
£N'NE-A-GON, n. [Gr. evvea and yuivia.] In geometry, a
polygon or figure with nine sides or nine angles.
EN-NE-AN'DER, n. [Gr. evvea and avnp.] In botany, a
plant ha-sing nine stamens.
EN-NE-AN'DRI-AN, a. Ha\ing nine stamens.
EN-NE-A-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. evvta and i:£Ta\ov.] Hav-
ing nine petals or flower-leaves.
EN-NE-ATI-€xAL, a. [Gr. evvea.] Enneatical days are
every ninth day of a disease. — Enneatical years are every
ninth j'ear of a man's life.
t EN-NEW', V. t. To make new. Skelton.
EN-NO'BLE, v.t. [Fr. eitnoblir.] 1. To make noble ; to
raise to nobility. 2. To dignify ; to exalt ; to aggrandize ;
to elevate in degree, qualities or excellence. 3. To make
famous or illustrious. Bacon.
EN-No'BLED, pp. Raised to the rank of nobility j dignifi-
ed ; exalted in rank, excellence or value.
EN-No'BLE-MENT, n. ]. The act of advancing to nobil-
ity. _2. Exaltation ; elevation in degree or excellence.
EN-No'BLING, ppr. Advancing to the rank of a nobleman ;
exalting : dignifying.
ENNUI, (an-wee') n. [Fr.] Weariness ; heaviness ; lassi-
tude of fastidiousness.
EN-O-Da'TION, ?i. [L.enodatio.] 1. The act of clearing of
knots, or of untying. 2. Solution of a difficulty ; [I. u.]
E-iSoDE', a. [lu. enodis.] In feo'a?!?/, destitute of Inots or
joints ; knotless.
E-NOM O-TAR -;H, n. The commander of an enomoty.
E-NOM'0-TY, n. [Gr. evoopoTia.] In Lacedcemon, anciently,
a bodv of soldiers, supposed to be thirty-two. Mitford.
tE-XORM See Enormous.
E-NOR'MI-TY, ?i. [L. enormitas.'j 1, Any v/rong, irregu-
lar, vicious or sinful act, either in government or morals,
2. Atrocious crime ; flagitious villany. 3. Atrociousness ;
excessive degree of crime or guilt.
E-NOR'MOUS, a. [L. enormis.] 1. Going beyond the usual
measure or rule. 2. Excursive ; beyond the limits of a
regular figure. 3. Great beyond the common measure ;
excessive. 4. Exceeding, in bulk or height, the common
measure. 5. Irregular ; confused ; disordered ; unusual.
E-NOR'MOUS-LY, ado. Excessively ; beyond measure.
E-XOR'MOUS-NESS, v. The state of being enormous or
excessive ; greatness beyond measure.
E-NOUGH', (e-nuf) a. [Sax. geno^, genoh.] That satisfies
desire, or gives content ; that may answer the purpose ;
that is adequate to the wants.
E-NOUGH', (e-nuf) v. 1. A sufliciency ; a quantity of a
thing which satisfies desire, or is adequate to the wants.
2. That which is equal to the powers or abilities.
EJ-NOUGH', (e-nuf) adv. 1. Sufiiciently ; in a quantity or
degree that satisfies, or is equal to the desires or wants.
2. FuUy ; quite ; denoting a slight augmentation of the
positive degree. 3. Sometimes it denotes diminution,
delicately expressing rather less than is desired ; such q
quantity or degree as commands acquiescence, rather
than full satisfaction. 4. An exclamation denoting suffi-
ciency.
E-NOUNCE', (e-nouns') v. t. [Fr. enamer.] To utter ; to
pronounce ; to declare. [Little used.']
E-NOUN'CED, (e-nounsf) p;?. Uttered; pronounced.
ENOUN'CIN^G, ;?pr. Uttering; pronouncing.
E-NOW', the old plural of enough, is nearly obsolete.
EN PAS-SANT'. (an-pas-sa') [Fr.] In passing ; by the
way.
EN-PIERCE'. See Empieece.
t EN-QUI€K'EN, v. t. To quicken ; to make alive
EN-QUIRE', usually written inquire, which see, and its de-
rivatives.
t EN-RaCE', v. t. To impiant. Spenser.
EN-RaGE', v. t. [Fr. enrager.] To excite rage in ; to ex-
asperate ; to provoke to ftify or madness ; to make furious.
EN-Ra'G-ED, (en-rajd') pp. Made furious ; exasperated ;
provoked to madness.
EN-Ra'6ING, ppr. Exasperating ; provoking to madness,
t EN-RaN^GE', v. t. To put in order ; to rove over. Spenser.
iSX^-RANK', V. t. To place in ranks or order. Shak.
EN-RAPT'URE, v. t. To transport with pleasure ; to de-
light beyond measure. — Enrapt, in a like sense, is little
used.
EN-RAPT'URED,p;>. Transported with pleasure.
EN-RAPT'UR-ING, ppr. Transportmg with pleasure.
EN'-RAV'ISH, V. t. To throw mto ecstasy ; to transport
with delieht ; to enrapture. Spenser.
EN-RAVISHED, Pi?. Transported with delight.
EN-RAV'iSH-ING, ppr. Throwing into ecstasy.
EN-RAV'ISH-MENT, ?i. Ecstasy of dehght ; rapture.
EN-REG'IS-TER, v. t. [Fr. enregistrer.] To register; to
enroll or record. Spenser.
EN-RHEuM', v. i. [Fr. enrhumer.] To have rheum through
cold.
EN-RICH', V. t. [Fr. cnrichir.] 1. To make rich, wealthy
or opulent ; to supply with abimdant property. 2. To
fertilize ; to supply with the nutrii^ent of plants, and ren-
der productive. 3. To store ; to supply with an abun-
dance of any thing desirable. 4. To supply with any
thing splendid or ornamental.
EN-RICH'ED, {en-ucW)pp. Made rich or wealthy ; fertil-
ized ; supphed with that which is desirable, useful or or-
namental.
EN-RICH'ER, 71. One that enriches.
EN-RICH'ING, ppr. Making opulent ; fertiUzing ; supply-
ing with what is splendid, useful or ornamental.
EN-RICH'MENT, n. Augmentation of v/ealth ; amplifi
cation ; improvement ; the addition of fertility or orna-
ment.
EN-RIDGE', (en-rij') v. t. To form into ridges. Shak.
EN-RING', V. t. To enchcle ; to bind. Shak.
EN-Ri'PEN, (en-rl'pn) v. t. To ripen ; to bring to perfec-
tion^
EN-RiVE', V. t. To rive ; to cleave. Spenser.
EN-RcBE', V. t. To clothe with rich attire ; to invest.
EX'-RoB'ED, (en-r6bd')pp. Attired; invested.
EN-RoB'IX"G, ppr. Investing ; attiring.
EN^-RoLL', V. t. [Fr. enrdler.] 1. To write in a roll or
register ; to insert a name or enter in a list or catalogue.
2. To record ; to insert in records ; to leave in writing.
3. To wrap ; to mvolve ; [not used.]
EN-RoLL'ED, (en-rold') pp. Inserted in a roll or register j
recorded.
EN-RoLL'ER, n. He that enrolls or registers.
EN^-RoLL'ING, ppr. Inserting in a register ; recording.
EN-RoLL'MEN^T, n. I. A register ; a record ; a writing in
which any thing is recorded. 2. The act of enrolling.
EN-ROOT', V. t. To fix bv the root ; to fix fast.
EN-ROOT'ED, pp. Fixed by the root; planted or fixed
deep*. '
EN-ROOT'ING, ppr. Fixing by the root ; planting deep.
t EN-ROUND', V. t. To environ ; to surround ; to inclose.
ENS, 72. [L. ens.] Entity ; being ; existence.— Among the
old chemists, the power, virtue or eflicacy, which cert'dn
substances exert on our bodies. [Little used.l
t EN-SaFE', v. t. To render safe. JV. Bell. '
EN-SAM'PLE, n. [L. exemplum.] An example ; a pattern
or model for imitation. [Rarely used.]
EN-SAM'PLE, V. t. To exemplify; to show by example
[Seldom used.]
EN-SAN'GUiNE, v. t. [L. sanguis.] To stain or cover with
blood ; to smear with gore.
EN-SAN'GUiNED,i?p. Sufliised or stamed with blood.
EN'SATE, a. -' "
EN-S€HED'l
ULE. Shah.
EN-SCONCE', (en-skons') v. t. To cover or shelter, as with
a sconce or fort ; to protect ; to secure.
a. [L. ensis^ Having sword-shaped leaves.
'ULE, V. t. To insert in a schedule. See Sched-
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— TAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
ENT
301
ENT
EN-S€0]N CED, (en-skonsf) pp. Covered or sheltered, as
by a scoiMie or fort ; protected ; secured.
EN-SeON'CING, ppr. Covering or sheltering, as by a f jrt.
EN-SeAL', v. t. To seal 5 to fix a seal on ; to impress.
EN-SeAL'ED, (en-seeld') pp. Impressed with a seal.
EN-Se AL'ING, ppr. Sealing ; affixing a seal to.
EN-SeAL'ING, n. The act of affixing a seal to.
EN-SeAM', v. t. To sew up ; to inclose by a seam.
EN-SeAM'ED, a. Greasy. Shak.
EN-SeAR', v. t. To sear ; to cauterize ; to close or stop by
burning to hardness. Shak.
t EN-SEARCH', (en-serch') v. i. To search for ; to try to find.
EN-SEM^BLE, n. [Fr.] One with another 5 on an average.
EN-SHIeLD', v. t. To shield ; to cover ; to protect.
EN-SHRiNE', V. t. To inclose in a shrine or chest j to de-
posit for safe-keeping in a cabinet.
EN-SHRlN'ED, (eu-shrind') pp. 1. Inclosed or preserved
in a shrine or chest. 2. Inclosed ; placed as in a shrine,
EN-SHRlN'ING, ppr. Inclosing in a shrine or cabinet.
EN-SIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ensis and /ero.] Bearing or carry-
ing a sword.
EN'SI-FORM, a. [L. ensiformis.'\ Having the shape of a
sword.
EN'STGN, (en'slne) n. [Fr. enseigne.] 1. The flag or ban-
ner of a military band ; a banner of colors ; a standard.
2. Anv signal to assemble or to give notice. 3. A badge ;
a mark of distinction, rank or office. 4. The officer who
carries the flag or colors, being the lowest commissioned
officer in a company of infantry. — 5. JVaval ensign is a
large banner hoisted on a staff, a«ad carried over the poop
or stern of a ship.
EN'SiGN-BEaR-ER, n. He that carries the flag ; an en-
sign.
EN'SiGN-CY, n* The rank, offiice or commission of an en-
sign.
t EN-SKi'ED, (en-skide') a. Placed in heaven 5 made im-
mortaj.
EN-SLaVE', v. t. 1. To reduce to slavery or bondage ; to
deprive of liberty, and subject to the will of a master. 2.
To reduce to servitude or subjection.
EN-SLaV'ED, (en-slavd') pp. Reduced to slavery or sub-
jection.
EN-SLaVE'MENT, 71. The state of being enslaved ; slave-
ry ; bondage ; servitude. South.
EN-SLaV'ER, 71. He who reduces another to bondage.
EN-SLaV'ING, lypr. Reducing to bondage.
EN-SNaRE'. Sec Insnare.
EN-SNARL', V. t. To entangle. Spenser.
EN-SNARL', V. u To snarl, to gnash the teeth. Cockcram.
EN-So'BER, V. t. To make sober. Taylor.
EN-SPHeRE', v. t. 1. To place in a sphere. 2. To make
into a sphere.
EN-STAMP', V. t. To impress as with a stamp ; to impress
deeply.
EN-STAMP'ED, (en-stampf) pp. Impressed deeply.
EN-STAMP'ING,ypr. Impressing deeply.
EN-STYLE', V. t. To style ; to name 5 to call. [Littleused.]
EN-SuE', V. t. [Fr. eiisuivre.j To follow 5 to pursue. [JVear-
ly obs.]
EN-SuE', V. i. 1. To follow as a consequence of premises.
2. To follow in a train of events or course of time ; to
succeed ; to come after.
EN-Su'ING, ppr. Following as a consequence ; succeeding.
EN-SuRE', and its derivatives. See Insuke.
EN-SWEEP', V. t. To sweep over ; to pass over rapidly.
EN-TAB'LA-TURE, I n. [Sp. cntablamento ; Fr. cntable-
EN-Ta'BLE-MENT, \ ment.] In architecture, that part
of the order of a column, which is over the capital, includ-
ing the architrave, frieze and cornice.
t EN-TA€'KLE, v. t. To supply with tackle. Skelton.
EN-TaIL', 71. [Fr. entailler.] 1. An estate or fee entail-
ed, or limited in descent to a particular heir or heirs. 2.
Rule of descent settled for an estate. 3. Engraver's
work ; inlay ; [obs.]
EN-TaIL', v. i. 1. To settle the descent of lands and tene-
ments, by gift to a man and to certain heirs specified, so
that neither the donee nor any subsequent possessor can
alienate or bequeath it. 2. To fix unalienably on a per-
son or thing, or on a person and his descendants. 3. To
cut ; to carve for ornament ; [obs.]
EN-TaIL'ED, (en-tald') pp. 1. Settled on a man and cer-
tain heirs specified. 2. Settled on a person and his de-
scendants.
EN-TaIL'ING, ppr. Settling the descent of an estate ; giv-
ing, as /ands and tenements, and prescribing the mode of
descent.
EN-T aIL'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving, as an estate, and
directing the mode of descent. 2. The act of settling un-
alienably on a man and his heirs.
EN-TaME', v. t. To tame ; to subdue. Gower.
EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. 1. To twist or interweave in such a
manner as not to be easily separated ; to make confused
or disordered. 2. To involve in any thing complicated,
and from which it is difficult to extricate one's self. 3.
To lose in numerous or complicated involutions. 4. To
involve in difficulties j to perplex ; to embarrass. 5. To
puzzle; to bewilder. 6, To insnare by captious ques-
tions ; to catch ; to perplex. 7. To perplex or distract, as
with cares. 8. To multiply intricacies and difficulties.
£N-TAN'GLED, pp. or a. Twisted together ; interwoven
in a confused manner ; intricate ; perplexed ; involved ;
embarrassed ; insnared.
EN-TAN'GLE-MENT, 72. Involution; a confused or disor
dered state ; intricacy ; perplexity. Locke.
EN-TAN'GLER, 71. One who entangles.
EN-TAN'GLING, ppr. Involving ; interweaving or inter-
lockmg in confusion ; perplexing ; insnaring.
EI\-TEN'DER, v. t. To treat with tenderness.
EN'TER, V. t. [Fr. entrer.] I. To move or pass into a
place, in any manner whatever, to come or go in; to
walk or ride in ; to flow in ; to pierce or penetrate. 2.
To advance into, in the progress of life. 3. To begin iu
a business, employment or service; to enlist or engage
in. 4. To become a member of. 5. To admit or intro-
duce. 6. To set down in writing ; to set an account in a
book or register. 7. To set down, as a name ; to enroll.
8. To lodge a manifest of goods at the custom-house, and
gain admittance or permission to land.
EN'TER, V. L 1. To go or come in ; to pass into. 2. To
flow in. 3. To pierce ; to penetrate. 4. To penetrate
mentally. 5. To engage in. 6. To be initiated in. 7
To be an ingredient ; to form a constituent part.
t EN'TER-DEAL, n. Mutual dealings. Spensm:
EN'TERED, j)p. Moved in ; come in ; pierced ; penetrat-
ed ; admitted ; introduced ; set down in writing.
EN'TER-ER, n. One who is making a beginning. Seward
EN'TER-iNG, ppr. Coming or going in ; flowing in ; pierc-
ing ; penetrating ; setting down in wrftii^g ; enlisting ; en-
gaging.
EN'TER-ING, n. Entrance ; a passing in.
EN'TER-LACE. See Interlace.
EN-TER'0-CeLE, n. [Gr. evrepov and kjjXj?. J In. surgery,
intestinal hernia; a rupture of the uitestines.
EN-TER-0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. evrepov and Xoyos.] A trea-
tise or discourse on the bowels' or internal parts of the
body, usually including the contents of the head, breast
and belly.
EN-TER-OM'PHA-LOS, n. [Gr. tvregov and 0/^90X05.] Na-
vel rupture ; umbilical rupture.
EN-TER-PaR 'LANCE, v. [Fr. entre and parlcr.] Parley ,
mutual talk or conversation ; conference.
EN'TER-PLeAD. Sec Interplead.
EN'TER-PRiSE, n. [Fr.] That which is undertaken, or
attempted to be performed ; an attempt ; a project at-
tempted ; particularly, a bold, arduous or hazardous un-
dertaking, either physical or moral.
EN TER-PRiSE, v. t. To undertake ; to begin and attempt
to perform._ Dryden.
EN'TER-PRlSED, pp. Undertaken; attempted.
EN'TER-PRiS-ER, 7!. An adventurer; one who under-
takes any projected scheme, especially a bold or hazard-
ous one.
EN'TER-PRlS-ING, ppr. 1. Undertaking, especially a bold
design. 2. a. Bold or forward to undertake ; resolute, ac-
tive or prompt to attempt great or untried schemes.
EN-TER-TaIN', v. t. [Fr. cntretenir.] I. To receive into
the house, and treat with hospitality, either at the table
only, or with lodging also. 2. To treat with conversa-
tion ; to amuse or instruct by discourse ; properly, to en-
gage the attention and retain the company of one, by
agreeable conversation, discourse or argument. 3. To
keep in one's service; to maintain. 4. To keep, hold or
maintain in the mind with favor ; to reserve in the mind ;
to harbor ; to cherish. 5. To maintain ; to support ; as, to
entertain a hospital ; [obs.] 6. To please ; to amuse ; to
divert. 7. To treat; to supply with provisions and li-
quors, or with provisions and lodging, for reward.
t EN-TER-TaIN', n. Entertainment. Svenser.
EN-TER-TaIN'ED, (en-ter-tand') vp. Received with hos-
pitality ; amused ; pleased and engaged ; kept in the
mind.
EN-TER-TaIN'ER, n. 1. He who entertains ; he who re-
ceives company with hospitality, or for reward. 2. He
who retains others in his sei-vice. 3. He that amuse*
pleases or diverts.
EN-TER-TaIN'ING, ppr. 1. Receiving with hospitality ,
receiving and treating with provisions and accommoda-
tions, for reward ; keeping or cherishing with favor ; en-
gaging the attention; amusing. 2. a. Pleasing; amus-
ing; diverting.
EN-TER-TaIN'ING-LY, adv. In an amusing manner,
EN-TER-TaIN'MENT, 71. 1. Thereceivmg and accommo-
dating of guests, either with or without rewara 2. Pro-
visions of the table ; hence also, a feast ; a superb dinner
or supper. 3. The amusement, pleasure or instruction,
derived from conversation, discourse, argument, oiatory,
music, dramatic performances, &C.5 the pleasure wnich
See Synopsis. l^ICiVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJiLL, UNITE -€ as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
ENT
302
ENT
the mind receives from any thing interesting, and which
Jiolds or arrests the attention. 4. Reception j admission.
5. The state of being in pay or service ; [obs.~\ 6. Pay-
ment of those retained in service ; [obs.] 7. That v/hich
entertains ; that wliich serves for amusement ; the lower
comedy; farce.
EN TER-TiS'SUED, a. Interwoven; having various col-
ors intermixed. Shak.
ElNf-THE-AS'Tie, a. [Gr. ev and deos.] Having the energy
of God.
E]N-THE-AS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. According to deific en-
ergy.
tEN'THEAT, a. [Gi.evdeo;.] Enthusiastic.
EN-THRALL', v. t. To enslave. See Iisthrall.
EN-THRiLL', v. t. To pierce. See Thrill.
EN-THRoNE', v. t. 1. To place on a throne ; to exalt to
the seat of royalty. 2, To exalt to an elevated place or
seat. 3. To invest with sovereign authority.
EN-THRoN'ED, (en-thrond') pp. Seated on a throne ; ex-
alted to an elevated place.
EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Seatirg on a throne ; raising to an
EN-THUN'DER, v. i. To make a loud noise, like thunder.
EN-THtr'SI-ASM, (en-thu'ze-azm) n. [Gr. evOovaiaaixos.]
1. A belief or conceit of private revelation ; the vain con-
fidence or opinion of a person, that he has special divine
communications from the Supreme Being, or familiar in-
tercourse with hiro 2. Heat of imagination ; violent
passion or excitement of the mind, in pursuit of some ob-
ject, inspiring extravagant hope and confidence of suc-
EN-THU'SI-AST, (en-thu'ze-ast) n. [Gr. eveovmaareg.] 1.
One who imagines he has special or supernatural con-
verse with God, or special communications from him. 2.
■ One whose imagination is warmed ; one whose mind is
highly excited with the love, or in the pursuit of an object ;
a person of ardent zeal. 3. One of elevated fancy or exalt-
ed ideas. Dryden.
tEN-THU-SI-AS'TI€, n. An enthusiast. Sir T. Herbert.
EN-THU-SI-AS'Tie, ) a. 1. Filled with enthusiasm,
EN-THU-SI-AS'TI-€AL, \ or the conceit of special inter-
course with God or revelations from him. 2. Highly ex-
cited ; warm and ardent ; zealous m pursuit of an ob-
ject ; heated to animation. 3. Elevated ; warm ; tinc-
tured with enthusiasm.
EN-THU-SI-AS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With enthusiasm.
EN-THY-MF.-MAT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to an enthy memo;
including an enthymeme,
EN'THY-MEMB, n. [Gr. tvOvjiriixa.'] In rhetoric, an argu-
ment consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent
and a consequent deduced from it.
EN-TlCE', V. t. [Sp. atizar ; Fr. attiser.] 1. To incite or
instigate, by exciting hope or desire ; to seduce ; to lead
astray ; to induce to sin. 2. To tempt ; to incite ; to
urge or lead astray. 3. To incite ; to allure ; in a good
sense. Enfield.
EN-TI'CED, (en-tlsf) pp. Incited ; instigated to evil ; se-
duced by promises or persuasions ; persuaded ; allured.
EN-TlCE'MENT, n. 1. The actor practice of inciting to
evil ; instigation. 2. Means of inciting to evil ; that
which seduces by exciting the passions. 3. Allurement.
EN-Tl'CER, n. One who entices ; one who incites or in-
stigates to evil ; one who seduces.
EN-TI'CING, ppr. 1. Inciting to evil ; urging to sin by
motives, flattery or persuasion ; alluring. 2. a. Having
the qualities that entice or allure.
EN-Tl'CING-LY, arfw. Charmingly; in a winning manner.
t EN-TlER'TY, n. [Old Fr. entiertie.] The whole. Bacon.
EN-TiRE', a. [Fr. entier ; Sp. cntero ; Port, inteiro ; It. in-
tero.] 1. Whole ; undivided ; unbroken ; complete in its
parts. 2. Whole ; complete ; not participated with others,
3. Full ; complete ; comprising all requisites in itself. 4.
Sincere ; hearty. 5. Firm ; solid ; sure ; fixed ; com-
plete ; undisputed. 6. Unmingled ; unalloyed, 7.
Wholly devoted ; firmly adherent ; faithful. 8. In full
strength ; unbroken. — 9. In botany, an entire stem is one
without branches.
EN-TlRE'LY, adv. 1. Wholly ; completely ; fully. 2. In
the whole ; without division. 3. With firm adherence
or devotion ; faithfully.
EN-TIRE'NESS, n. 1. Completeness ; fulness ; totality ;
unbroken form or state. 2. Integrity ; wholeness of
heart ; honesty.
EN-TIRE'TY, n. 1. Wholeness; completeness. Black-
stone. 2. The whole. Bacon.
EN'TI-TA-TIVE, a. Considered by itself. [This word,
and entitatively, rarely or never used.]
EN-Tl'TLE, V. t. [Fr. intituler.] 1. To give a title to ; to
give or prefix a name or appellation. 2. To superscribe or
prefix as a title. Hence, as titles are evidences of claim
or property, to give a claim to ; to give a right to demand
or receive. 3. To assign or appropriate by givinga title.
4. To qualify ; to give a clahn by the possession of suita-
ble qualifications. 5. To dignify by a title or honorable
appellation. 6. To ascribe ; [obs.]
EN-Ti'TLED, pp. Dignified or distinguished by a title j
having a claim.
EN-Ti'TLING, ppr. Dignifying or distinguishing by a ti-
tle ; giving a title ; giving a claim.
EN'TI-TY, n. [Low L. ejititas.] 1. Being ; existence. 2
A real being, or species of being.
EN-TOIL', V. t. To take with toils ; to insnare.
EN-T5MB', (en-toom') v. t. 1. To deposit in a tomb, as a
dead body. 2. To bury in a grave ; to inter.
EN-TOMB'ED, (en-toomd') pp. Deposited in a tomb ; bur-
ied.
EN-TOMB'ING, ppr. Depositing in a tomb ; burying.
EN-TOMB'MENT, n. Burial. Barrow.
EN'TO-MO-LITE, n. [Gr. evropa and 'kiOog.] A fossil
substance bearing the figure of an insect, or a petrified in-
sect.
EN-TO-MO-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the science of in-
EN-t6-M0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in the science of in-
sects.
EN-T0-M0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. evroixa and Xoyog.] That part
of zoology which treats of insects ; the science or history
and description of insects.
EN-TOR-TI-La'TION, n. [Fr. entortillement.] A turning
into a circle. Donne. '
EN'TRAIL, or EN'TRAILS, n. [Fr. entrailles.] 1. The
internal parts of animal bodies ; particularly, the guts or
intestines ; the bowels ; Used chiefly in the plural. 2. The
internal parts.
f EN-TRAIL', V. t. [It. ijitraldare.] To interweave ; to di-
versify.
EN-TRAM'MEL, v. t. To catch ; to entangle ; to trammel.
Hacket.
t EN-TRAM'MELED, a. Curled; frizzled.
EN'TRANCE, n. [L. intrans.] 1. The act of entering
into a place. 2. The power of entering. 3. The door,
gate, passage or avenue, by which a place may be enter-
ed. 4. Commencement; initiation; beginning. 5. The
act of taking possession, as of land. 6. The act of taking
possession, as of an office. 7. The act of entering a ship
or goods at the custom-house. 8. The beginning of any
thing,
EN-TRANCE', v. t. or i. [from transe, Fr.] 1. To put in a
trance ; to withdraw the soul, and leave the body in a
kind of dead sleep or insensibility. 2. To put in an ec-
stasy ; to ravish the soul with delight or wonder.
EN-TRANCED, (en-trdnst') pp. Put in a trance ; having
the soul withdrawn, and the body left in a state of insen-
sibility ; enraptured; ravished.
EN-TRANCING, ppr. Carrying away the soul; enraptur-
ing ; ravishing.
EN-TRAP', V. t. [Fr. attraper.] To catch, as in a trap ; to
insnare ; to catch by artifices ; to involve in ditficulties
or dist»-esses ; to entangle ; to catch or involve in contra-
dictions.
EN-TRAP'PED, (en-trapf) pp. Insnared ; entangled.
EN-TRAP'PING, ppr. Insnaring ; involving in difficulties.
EN-TRkAT', v. t. [Fr. en and traiter.] 1. To ask earnest-
ly ; to beseech ; to petition or pray with urgency ; to sup-
plicate ; to solicit pressingly ; to importune. 2. To prevail
on by prayer or solicitation ; to yield to entreaty. 3. To
treat, in any manner; propcrZi/, to use or manage. Etv-
treat is always applied to perso7is, as treat is to persons or
things. 4, To entertain; to amuse; [obs.] 5. To en-
tertain^; to receive ; [obs.]
EN-TReAT', v. i. 1. To make an earnest petition or re-
quest. 2. To olfer a treaty ; [not used.] 3. To treat ; to
discoiirse ; [not used.]
EN-TRkAT'A-BLE, a. That may be entreated, or is soon
entreated.
t EN-TRkAT'ANCE, 71. Entreaty ; solicitation.
EN-TReAT'ED, pp. 1. Earnesfly supplicated, besought
or solicited ; importuned ; urgently requested. 2. Pre-
vailed on by urgent solicitation ; consenting to grant what
is desired, 3, Used; managed; [obs.]
EN-TReAT'ER, n. One that entreats or asks earnestly.
EN-TReAT'ING, ppr. 1. Earnestly asking ; pressing with
request or prayer, importuning, 2. Treating; using:
EN-TRji:AT'FUL, a. Full of entreaty.
EN-TReAT'IVE, a. Pleaduig ; treating. Brewer.
EN-TReAT'Y, 71. Urgent prayer ; earnest petition ; press
ing solicitation ; supplication.
EN-TRE-METS', (an-tr-ma') n. [Fr.] Small plates set be-
tween the principal dishes at table, or dainty dishes
Mo7-timcr.
EN-TRE-POT', (an-tr-p6') n. [Fr,] A warehouse, staple,
or magazine, for the deposit of goods.
t EN-TRICK', V. t. To trick ; to deceive ; to entangle.
EN'TRO-€HITE, n. [Gr. rpo'^oi.] A kind of extraneous
fossil, usually about a« inch in length.
EN'TRY, n. [Fr. entree.] 1. The passage by which per-
* See Synopsis. A, £, I C, U, Y, long.—F&R^ FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
ENV
303
EPH
eons cflN'tii' a house or other building. 2. The act of en-
tering ; entrance ; ingress. 3. The act of entering and
taking possession of lands or other estate. 4. The act of
committing to writing, or of recording in a book. 5. The
exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at the custom-
house, to procure license to land goods
EN-TuNE', V. t. To tune. Chaucer
EN-TWiNE', V. u To twine ; to twist round.
EN-TWiNE'MENT, n. Union ; conjunction. Hacket.
EN-TWIST', V. t. To twist or wreath round.
t E-NU'BI-LATE, v. t. [L. e and nubila.} To clear from
mist; clouds or obscurity.
E-NtJ'BI-LOUS, a. Clear from fog, mist or clouds.
E-Nu'GLE-ATE, v. t. [L. enucleo.] 1. To clear from
knots or lumps ; to clear from intricacy ; to disentangle.
2. To open as a nucleus ; hence, to explain ; to clear from
obscurity ; to make manifest.
E-Nu'€LE-A-TED, pp. Cleared from knots ; explained.
E-Nu'€LE-A-TING, ppr. Clearing from knots ; explaining.
E-NU-€LE-A'TION, n. 1. The act of clearing from knots ;
a disentangling. 2. Explanation ; full exposition.
E-NU'ME-RATE, v. t. [L. enumero.l To count or tell,
number by number ; to reckon or mention a number of
things, each separately.
E-Nu'ME-RA-TED, pp. Counted or told, number by num-
ber , reckoned or mentioned by distinct particulars.
E-NtJ'ME-RA-TING, ppr. Counting or reckoning any num-
ber, by the particulars which compose it.
E-NU-ME-Ra'TION, n. [L. enumeratio.] 1. The act of
counting or telling a number, by naming each particular.
2. An account of a number of things, in which mention is
made of every particular article. — 3. In rhetoric, a part of
a peroration, in which the orator recapitulates the princi-
pal points or heads of the discourse or argument.
E-NtJ'ME-RA-TiVE, a. Counting ; reckoning up.
E-NLTN'CIATE, V. t. [L. e?mmdo.] To utter] to declare;
to proclaim ; to relate. Bp. Barlow.
E-NUN'CIA-TED, pp. Uttered ; declared ; pronounced.
B-NUN'CIA-TING, ppr. Uttering ; declaring ; pronoun-
cing.
E-NUN-CI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of uttering or pronoun-
cing ; expression ; manner of utterance. 2. Declaration ;
open proclamation ; public attestation. 3. Intelligence ;
information.
E-NUN'CIA-TlVE, a. Declarative ; expressive.
B-NUN'CIA-TlVE-LY, adv. Declaratively.
E-NUN'CIA-TO-RY, a. Containing utterance or sound.
EN-VAS'SAL, V. «. 1. To reduce to vassalage. 2. To make
over to another as a slave. Mors.
EN-VEL'OP, ) V. t. [Fr. envelopper.'] 1. To cover by
EN-VEL'OPB, \ wrapping or folding ; to inwrap. 2. To
surround entirely 5 to cover on all sides 3 to hide. 3. To
line ; to cover on the inside.
* EN-VEL'OP, ) 11. 1. A wrapper; an integument.— 2. In
EN-VEL'OPE, \ fortification, a work of earth in form
of a parapet, or of a small rampart with a parapet.
EN-VEL'OPED, pp. Inwrapped ; covered on all sides ;
surrounded on all sides; inclosed.
EN-VEL'OP-ING, ppr. Inwrapping ; folding around ; cov-
ering or surrounding on all sides, as a case or integu-
ment.
£N-VEL'OP-MENT, n. A wrapping ; an inclosing or cover-
ing on all sides.
EN-VEN'OM, V. «. L To poison; to taint or impregnate
with venom, or any substance noxious to life. 2. To
taint with bitterness or malice. 3. To make odious. 4.
To enrage ; to exasperate.
EN-VEN'OMED, pp. Tainted or impregnated with venom
or poison; imbittered; exasperated.
EN-VEN'OM-ING, ppr. Tainting with venom ; poisoning;
imbittering ; enraging.
EN-VER'MEIL, v. t. [Fr. vermeil.] To dye red. Milton.
EN'VI-A-BLE, a. That may excite envy ; capable of awa-
kening ardent desire of possession.
EN'VIED, pp. Subjected to envy.
EN'VI-ER, 71. One who envies another.
EN'VI-OUS, a. [Fr. envieux.] Feeling or harboring envy ;
repining or feeling uneasiness at a view of the excellence,
prosperity or happiness of another. 2. Tinctured with
envy. 3. Excited or directed by envy.
EN'VI-OUS-LY, adv. With envy ; with malignity excited
by the excellence or prosperity of another.
EN-Vi'RON, V. i. [Fr environner.] 1. To surround ; to en-
compass ; to encircle. 2. To involve ; to envelop. 3.
To besiege. 4. To inclose ; to invest.
EN-VI'RONED, pp. Surrounded ; encompassed ; besieged ;
involved ; invested.
EN-VI'RON-ING, ppr. Surrounding ; encircling ; besieging;
inclosing; involving; investing.
* EN-Vl'RONS, n. plu. The parts or places which STirround
another place, or lie in its neighborhood on different
sides.
EN'VOY, n. [Fr. envoyi.] 1. A person deputed by a prince
or government, to negotiate a treaty, or transact other busi-
ness, with a foreign prince or government. 2. A common
messenger ; [obs.J 3. [Fr. envoi.] Formerly, a postscript
sent with compositions to enforce them.
EN'VOY-SHIP, ?i. The office of an envoy. Coventry.
EN'VY, V. t. [Fr. envier.] 1. To feel uneasiness, mortifi-
cation or discontent, at the signt of superior excellence,
reputation or happiness enjoyed by another ; to repine at
another's prosperity. 2. To grudge ; to withhold mali-
ciously.
EN'VY, n. 1. Pain ; uneasiness, mortification or discon-
tent excited by the sight of another's superiority or suc-
cess, accompanied with some degree of hatred or malig-
nity. — Emulation differs from envy in not being accompa-
nied with liatred and a desire to depress a more fortunate
person. 2. Rivalry ; competition ; [ZsWie Mse«f.] 3. Malice;
malignity. 4. Public odium ; ill repute ; invidiousness.
EN'VY-ING, ppr. Feeling uneasiness at the superior con-
dition and happiness of another.
EN'VY-ING, n. 1. Mortification experienced at the sup-
posed prosperity and happiness of another. 2 111 will at
others, on account of some supposed superiority. Oal,
V. 21.
EN-WAL'LoWED, a. Being wallowed or wallowing.
EN- WHEEL', v. t. [from wheel.] To encircle. Shak.
tEN-WID'EN, V. t. [from wide.] To make' wider.
EN-WoMB', (en-woora') v. t. 1. To make pregnant;
[obs.] 2. To bury ; to hide as in a gulf, pit or cavern.
EN-WoMB'ED, (en-woomd') pp. Impregnated ; buried in
a deep gulf or cavern.
EN- WRAP', (en-rap') v. t. To envelop. See Inwrap.
EN-WRAP'MENT, 71. A covering ; a wrapper.
E-O'LI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to ^Eolia or ^olis, in Asia Mi-
E-OL'I€, ) nor, inhabited by Greeks.— Eolian lyre or
harp is a simple stringed instrument, that sounds by the
impulse of air, from JEolus, the deity of the winds.
E-OL'I-PILE, n. [L. JEolus and pila.] A hollow ball of
metal, with a pipe or slender neck, used in hydraulic ex-
periments.
E'ON, n. [Gr. aiwv.] In the Platonic philosophy, a virtue,
attribute or perfection.
EP, EP'I, Gr. em, in composition, usually signifies on.
E'PACT, n. [Gr. enaKTos.] In chronology, the excess of the
solar month above the lunar synodical month, and of the
solar year above tiie lunar year of twelve synodical
months.
EP'ARCH, n. [Gr. eirapxos.] The governor or prefect of a
province, .dah.
EP'AR-CHY, n. [Gr. £7rap;!^ta. ] A province, prefecture or
territory under the jurisdiction of an eparch.
EP'AU-LET, n. [Fr. epaulette.] A shoulder-piece ; an or-
namental badge worn on the slioulder by military men.
E-PAUL'MENT, n. [from Fr. epaule.] In fortification, a
side-work, or work to cover sidewise, made of gabions,
fascines, or bags of earth.
EP-E-NET'I€, a. [Gr. ETtaivrjTiKOi.] Laudatory ; bestow
ing praise. Phillips.
E-PEN'THE-SIS, ) n. [Gr. eireveetrcg.] The insertion of a
E-PEN'THE-SY, \ letter or syllable in the middle of a
word, as alituum for alitum.
EP-EN-THET'ie, a. Inserted in the middle of a word.
E'PHA, n. [Heb. HflN.] A Hebrew measure of three peck*
and three pints, or, according to some, of seven gallons
and four pints, or about 15 solid inches.
E-PHEM'E-RA, n. [L.] 1. A fever of one day's continu-
ance only. 2. The day-fly ; strictly, a fly that lives one
day only ; but the word is applied also to insects that are
very short-lived.
E-PHEM'E-RAL, I a. 1. Diurnai; beginning and ending
E-PHEM'E-RI€, \ in a day ; continuing or existing one
day only. 2. Short-lived; existing or continuing for a
short time only. [Epherneral is generally used. Ephem-
erous is not analogically formed.]
E-PHEM'E-RIS, n.; pZjt. Ephemer'ides. [Gr. £(prjixE(,is-']
1. A journal or account of daily transactions ; a diary. —
2. In astronomy, an account of the daily state or positions
of the planets or heavenly orbs ; a table, or collection of
tables, exhibiting the places of all the planets every day
at noon .
E-PHEM'E-RIST, n. One who studies the daily motions
and positions of the planets ; an astrologer.
E-PHEM'E-RON-WORM, n. A worm that lives one day
only. Derham.
E-PHEM'E-ROUS, a. Beginning and ending in a day.
Burke.
E-PHe'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Ephesus in Asia Miaor.—
As a noun, a native of Ephesus.
EPH-I-AL'TES, n. [Gr.] The night-mare.
* EPH'OD, n. [Heb. 11CN.] In Jewish antiquity, a part of tho
sacerdotal habit, being a kind of girdle.
EPH'OR, 71. [Gr- e^opos.] In ancient Sparta, a magistrate
chosen by the people.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
EPI
304
EPI
EPHOR-AL-TY, n. The office, or tenn of office, of anephor.
EP i€, a. [L. eptciis.] Narrative ; containing narration ;
rehearsing. An epic poem, otherwise called heroic, is a
poem which narrates a story, real or fictitious, or both,
representing, in an elevated style, some signal action or
series of actions and events, usually the achievements of
some distinguished hero.
EFie, 71. An epic poem.
EP'I-CEDE, n. [Gr. emKrjSios.] A funeral song or dis-
course.
EP-I-Ce'DI-AN. a. Elegiac; 'mournful.
EP-I-Ck'DI-UM, n. An elegy.
EP'I-CENE, a. [Gr. cttikoivos.] Common to both sexes ; of
both kinds.
EP-I€-TE'TIAN, a. Pertaining to Epictetus.
EPI-€URE, n. [L. epicuriis.] Properly, a follower of Epi-
curus 3 a man devoted to sensual enjoyments ; one who
' indulges in the luxuries of the table.
* EP-I-eu'RE-AN, ) a. [L. Epicureiis.] 1. Pertaining to
* EP-I-€U-Re'AN, \ Epicm-us. 2. Luxurious ; given to
luxury ; contributing to the luxuries of the table.
* EP-I-etJ'RE-AN, ) 71. A follower of Epicurus. Shaftes-
* EP-I-€U-Re'AN, \ bury.
* EF-I-€d'RE-AN-ISM, 71. Attachment to the doctrines of
Epicurus. Harris.
EP'I-€U-RISM, n. 1. Luxury; sensual enjoyments; in-
dulgence iu gross pleasui-e ; voluptuousness. 2. The doc-
trines of Epicurus.
EP'I-€U-RiZE, v.i. 1. To feed or indulge like an epi-
cure ; to riot ; to feast. 2. To profess the doctrines of
Epicurus.
EP'I-CY-eLE, n. [Gr. eni and kvk\os.] A little circle,
whose centre is in the circumference of a greater circle ;
or a small orb, which, being fixed in the deferent of a
planet, is carried along with it, and yet by its own pecu-
liar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened to it
round its proper centre.
EP-I-CY€'LOID, or EP-I-Cy'€LOID, n. [Gr. emKVK\oeiSris.]
In geometry, a curve generated by the revolution of the
periphery of a circle along the convex or concave side of
the periphery of another circle.
EP-I-CY-CLOID'AL, a. Pertaining to the epicycloid.
EP-I-DEM'I€, or EP-I-DEM'I-€AL, a. [Gr. sm and drjfiog.']
1. Common to many people. An epidemic disease is one
which seizes a great number of people, at the same time,
or in the same season. 2. Generally prevailing ; affect-
ing great numbers.
EP-I-DEM'1€, n. A popular disease ; a disease generally
prevailing.
EP-I-DERM'I€, I a. Pertaining to the cuticle ; covering
EP-I-DERM'I-DAL, \ the skm.
EP-I-DERM'IS, 71. [Gr. e-Kihgjj.ii.'] In anatomy, the cuticle
or scarf-skin of the body ; a thin membrane covering the
skin of animals, or the bark of plants.
EP'I-DOTE, 7^. A mineral.
EP-I-GAS'TRI€, a. [Gr. ert and yaarri^.'] Pertaining to the
upper part of the abdomen.
EP'I-GEE, ^SeePEKiGEE
EP-I-GE'UM. \ ^Seir-EEIGEE.
EP'I-GLOT, I n. [Gr. fimyXwrrtj.] In anatomy, one of
EP-I-GLOT'TIS, \ the cartilages of the larynx, whose use
is to cover the glottis when food or drink is passing into
the stomach.
EP'I-GRAM, 71. [Gi. eTTtypaiAixa.] A short poem treating on-
ly of one thing, and ending with some lively, ingenious
and natural thought.
EP-1-GRAM-MAT'I€, ) a. 1. Writmg epigrams ; deal-
EP I-GRAM-MAT'l-CAL, \ ing in epigrams. 2. Suitable
to epigrams ; belonging to epigrams ; like an epigram ;
concise ; pointed ; poignant.
EP-I-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. One who composes epigrfsms,
or deals in them.
EP'I-GRAPH, 71. [Gr. e-TLypacpri.l Among antiquaries, an in-
scription on a building.
EP'I-LEP-SY, 71. [Gr. eniXrixjjia.] The falling sickness, so
called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground ; a
disease accompanied v/ith spasms or convulsions and loss
of sense.
EP-I-LEP'TI€, a. Pertaining to the falling sickness; af-
fected with epilepsy ; consisting of epilepsy.
EP-I-LEP'TI€, 71. One aifected with epilepsy.
EP-I-LEP'TI-€AL, a. Convulsed ; disordered as by an epi-
lepsy.
EPI-LO-GISM, 71. [Gr. ETtXoytcr/^of.] Computation; enu-
meration. Gregory.
EP-I-L0-GIS'TI€, a. Pertaiaing to epUogue ; of the nature
of an epilogue.
EP'I-LOGUE, (ep'e-log) n. [L. epilogus.] 1. In oratory,
a conclusion ; the closing part of a discourse, in which
the principal matters are recapitulated. — 2. In the drama,
a speech or short poem addressed to the spectators by one
of the actors, after the conclusion of the play.
EP'I-LO-GUiZE, or EP'I-LO-GiZE, v. i. To pronounce an
epilogue.
EP'I-LO-GUiZE, V. t. To add to, in the manner of an epi-
logue.
t EP-I-Nl"CION, 71. [Gr. £-i:lvikiov.} A song of triumjdi
Warton.
E-PIPH'A-NY, 71. [Gr. £TiL(pavei.a.] A Christian festival cel-
ebrated on the 6th day of January, the 12th day after
Christmas, in commemoration of the appearance of our
Savior to the magians or philosophers of the East, who
came to adore him with presents.
E-PIPH'0-NEM, > 71. [Gr. ntKpittvrina.'] In oratory, an
EP-I-PHO-Ne'MA, \ exclamation ; an ecphonesis ; a ve-
hement utterance of the voice to express strong passion.
E-PIPH'O-RA, 71. [Gr. e-ni and ^epw.] The watery eye; a
disease in which the tears accumulate.
EP-I-PHYL-LO-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. tiri, 4>v\\ov, and
crre^lia.'] In botany, bearing then- seeds on the back of the
leaves, as fems.
E-PIPH'Y-SIS, ) 71. [Gr. t.TtKpvais.'] Accretion ; the growing
E-PIPH'Y-SY, \ of one bone to another by simple conti-
guity.
E-PIP'LO-CE, or E-PIP'LO-CY, n. [Gr. emnXoKv.] A fig-
ure of rhetoric, by which one aggravation or striking ok
cumstance is added m due gradation to another.
E-PIP'LO-CELE, 71. [Gr. eTriTrXoKiyX??.] A rupture of the
caul or omentum. Coxe.
E-PIP'LO-ie, a. [Gr. tiri-KXoov.l Pertaining to the caul or
omentum.
E-PIP'LOON, 71. [Gr. e-KntXaov.] The caul or omentum.
E-PIS'CO-PA-CY, 71. [L. episcopatus.] Government of the
church by bishops.
E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. 1. Belonging to or vested in bishops oi
prelates. 2. Governed by bishops.
E-PIS-CO-Pa'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to bishops or govern
ment by bishops ; episcopal.
E-PIS-€0-Pa'LI-AN, 71. One who belongs to an episcopa.
church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church govern-
ment and discipline.
E-PIS'€0-PAL-LY, adv. By episcopal authority ; in an
episcopal manner.
E-PIS'€0-PATE, 71. 1. A bishopric ; the office and dignity
of a bishop. 2. The order of bishops.
E-PIS'€0-PATE, V. i. To act as a bishop ; to fill the office
of a prelate. M'dner.
E-PIS'CO-PY, 71. Survey ; superintendence ; search.
EP'I-SODE, 71. [Gr. ETrtcw^^.] In poetry, a separate inci-
dent, story or action, introduced for the purpose of giving
a greater variety to the events related in the poem ; an in-
cidental narrative, or digression.
EP-I-SOD'I€, \ a. Pertaining to an episode ; contained
EP-I-SOD'I-€AL, \ in an episode or digression.
EP-I-SODT-CAL-LY, adzj. By way of episode. Scott.
EP-I-SPAS'TI€, a. [Gr. ti:icr:aaTiKa.'\ In medicine, draw-
ing ; attracting the humors to the skin ; exciting action in
the skin ; blistering.
EP-l-SPAS'TIC, 71. A topical remedy applied to the exter-
nal part of the body, for the purpose of drawing the hu-
mors to the part, or exciting action in the skin ; a blis-
ter.
EP-I-STIL'BITE, 71. A mineral.
E-PIS'TLE, (e-pis'l) 7i. [L. epistola, Gr. £ti«7toX>7.] A writ-
ing, sent, communicating intelligence to a distant person ;
a letter ; a letter missive.
E-PIS'TLER, 71. 1. A writer of epistles ; [Zi«JeMsei.] 2
Formerly, one who attended the communion table, and
read the epistles.
E-PIS'TO-LA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to epistles or letters ,
suitable to letters and correspondence ; familiar. 2. Con-
tained in letters.
EP-IS-TOL'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to letters or epistles.
EP-IS-TOL'I-€AL, \ 2. Designatmg the method of repre-
senting ideas by letters and words.
E-PIS'TO-LiZE, V. i. To write epistles or letters.
E-PIS'TO-LlZ-ER, 71. A writer of epistles. Howel.
E-PIS-TO-LO-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to the writing of
letters.
E-PIS-TO-LOG'RA-PHY, ti. [Gr. nnciToXr] and y^a<p(>i.'\
The art or practice of writing letters.
E-PIS'TRO-PHE, / 71. [Gr. STrtorpo^??.] A figure, in rliet-
E-PIS'TRO-PHY, ) oric, in which several successive sen-
tences end with the same word or affirmation.
EP'I-ST"5LE, 71. [Gr. eiti and aTvKog.l In ancient archi-
tecture, a term used by the Greeks for what is now called
the architrave, a massive piece of stone or wood laid im
mediately over the capital of a column or pillar.
EP'I-TAPH, 71. [Gr. t-i and Ta<po';.'\ 3. An inscription on
a monument, in honour or memory of the dead. 2. A
eulogy, in prose or verse, composed without any intent to
be engraven on a monument.
EP-I-TAPH'I-AN, a. Pertaining to an epitaph. Milton.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, tj, Y, long.—FAJR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j ObsoleU
EQU
305
EdU
E-PIT'A-SIS, n. [Gr. emruvu).] In the ancient drama, the
progress of the plot.
EP-I-THA-La'MI-UM, I n. [Gr. £7rt0aXa//tov.] A nuptial
BP-I-THAL'A-MY, ) song or poem, in praise of the
bride and bridegroom, and praying for their prosperity.
EF'1-THEM, n. [Gr. eiridrjua.] In pharmacy, a kind of
fomentation or poultice, to be applied externally to
strengthen the part.
EP'I-THET, n. [Gr. eTriQerov.] An adjective expressing
some real quality of the thing to which it is applied, or an
attribute expressing some quality ascribed to it.
EP'I-THET, V. t. To entitle ; to dascribe by epithets.
EP-I-THET'I€, a. 1. Pertaming to an epithet or epi-
thets. 2. Abounding with epithets.
EP-I-THU-MET'I€, ) a. [Gr. emOvfiririKos.] Inclined
EP-I-THU-MET'I-€AL, \ to lustj pertaining to the an-
imal passion. Brown.
E-PIT'O-ME, / 71. [Gr. firrtTO/ij?.] An abridgment ; a brief
E-PIT'0-M Y, \ summary or abstract of any book or writing ;
a compendium.
E-PIT'0-MIST, 71. An epitomizer.
E-PIT'O-MiZE, V. t. 1. To shorten or abridge, as a writing
or discourse ; to abstract, in a summary, the principal mat-
ters of a book ; to contract into a naiTOwer compass. 2.
To diminish ; to curtail.
E-PIT'O-MlZED, pp. Abridged ; shortened ; contracted into
a smaller compass, as a book or writing.
E-PIT'O-MlZ-EK, n. One who abridges ; a writer of an
epitome
E-PIT'O-JIlZ-ING, ^;w. Abridging j shortening; making
a summary.
EP'I-TRITE, 7J. [Gr. eTTirptrof.] In prosody, a foot con-
sisting of three long syllables and one short one ; as incan-
taxe. Encyc.
E-PIT'RO-PE, ' 71. [Gr. tTrtrpoTr?;.] Inrhetoric, concession ;
f>^PIT'B.O-PY, \ a figure by which a thing is granted
with a view to obtain an advantage.
EP-I-ZO-OT'I€, a. [Gr. em and |wov,] In geology, an
epithet given to such mountains as contain animal re-
mains in tJieir naturfd or in a petrified state, or the impres-
sions of animal substances.
EP-I-Zo'O-TY, 71. A murrain or pestilence among irra-
tional animals.
* K'PO€H, or EP'OGH, n. [L. epocha.] 1. A fixed point
of time, from which succeeding years are numbered ; a
point from which computation of yeaj-s begins. 2. Any
fixed time or period ; the period when any thing begins
or is remarkably prevalent.
EP'0-€HA, 71. The same as epoch.
* EP'ODE, 71. [Gr. ETruJr?.] In lyric poetry, the third or last
part of the ode ; tliat which follows the strophe and anti-
strophe. [The word is now used as the name of any little
verse or verses, that follow one or more great ones.]
EP-O-PEE', n. [Gr. £7roff and jrotEW.J An epic poem. More
properly, the history, action or table, which makes the
subject of an epic poem.
E'POS, n. [Gr. ettoj .] An epic poem, or its fable or subject.
EP'SOM-SALT. The sulphate of magnesia, a cathartic.
EP'U-LA-EY, a. [L. epularis.] Pertaining to a feast or ban-
quet. Bailey.
EP-U-La'TION, 7i. [L. epulatio.] A feasting or feast.
EP-U-LOT'I€, a. [Gr. eirov^wriKa.] Healing ; cicatrizing.
EP-U-LOT'I€, 71. A medicament or application which tends
to dry, cicatrize and heal wounds or ulcers, to repress fun-
gous flesh, and dispose the parts to recover soundness.
E-aUA-BIL'I-TY, 71. 1. Equality in motion ; continued
equality, at all times, in velocity or movement ; uniform-
ity. 2. Continued equality ; evenness or uniformity.
£'Q,UA-BLE, a. [L. csquabilis.] 1. Equal and uniform at
all times, as motion. 2. Even; smooth; having a uni-
form surface or form.
£'CIUA-BLY, adv. With an equal or uniform motion ; with
_ continued uniformity ; evenly.
E'Q,UAL, a. [L. wqualis.] 1. Having the same magnitude
or dimensions ; being of the same bulk or extent. 2.
Having the same value. 3. Having the same qualities or
condition. 4. Having the same degree. 5. Even ; uni-
form ; not variable. 6. Being in just proportion. 7. Im-
partial ; neutral ; not biased. 8. Indifferent ; of the same
interest or concern. 9. Just ; equitable ; giving the same
or similar rights or advantages. 10. Being on the same
terms ; enjoying the same or similar benefits. 11. Ade-
_ quate ; having competent pwer, ability or means.
E'Q,UAL, 71. One not inferior or superior to another ; hav-
ing the same or a similar age, rank, station, oflice, talents,
_ strength, &c
E'CIUAL, V. t. 1. To make equal ; to make one thing of
the same quantity, dimensions or quality as another. 2.
To raise to the same state, rank, or estimation with an-
other ; to become equal to. 3. To be equal to. 4. To
make equivalent to ; to recompense fully ; to answer in
full proportion.' 5. To be of like excellence or beauty.
E-aUAL'I-TY, n. [L. cBqualitas.\ 1. An agreement rf
things in dimensions, quantity or quality ; likeness ; sim
ilarity in regard to two things compared. 2. The same
degree of dignity or claims. 3 Evenness ; uniformity ;
sameness in state or continued course. 4. Evenness ;
plainness ; uniformity,
E-aUAL-I-ZA'TION, n. The act of equalizing, or state of
_ being equalized.
E'QUAL-iZE, V. t. To make equal.
E'dUAL-lZED , pp. Made equal ; reduced to equality.
E'Q.UAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Making equal.
EIQ.UAL-LY, adv. ]. In the same degree with another;
alike. 2. In equal shares or proportions. 3. Impartially ;
_ with equal justice.
E'Q,UAL-NESS, n. 1. Equality ; a state of being equal
2. Evenness ; uniformity.
E-Q,UAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. mquus and anguliis.'] Consist-
ing of equal angles.
E-aUA-NIM'I-TY, 71. [L. cBquanimitas.'] 1. Evenness of
mind ; that calm temper or firmness of mind, which is not
easily elated or depressed.
E-CIUAN'I-MOUS, a. Of an even, composed frame of mind ;
of a steady temper, not easily elated or depressed.
E-GIUa'TION, 71. [L. aquatio.] 1. Literally, a making
equal, or an equal division. — 2. In algebra, a proposition
asserting the equality of two quantities, and expressed by
the sign = between them ; or an expression of the same
quantity in two dissimilar terms, but of equal value, as
3s. =36(f. — 3. In astronomy, the reduction of the apparent
time or motion of the sun to equable, mean or true time
4. The reduction of any extremes to a mean proportion
Harris.
E-Q-Ua'TOR, n. [L.] In astronomy and geography, a great
circle of the sphere, equally distant from the two poles of
the world, or having the same poles as the world.
E-ClUA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the equator.
* E'Q,UE-RY, n. [Fr. ecuyer.] 1. An ofiicer of princes
who has the care and management of his horses. 2. A
stable or lodge for horses.
E-aUES'TRI-AN, a. [L. eqiiester.] 1. Pertaining to horses
or hoi-semanship ; performed with horses. 2. Being on
horseback. 3. Skilled in horsemanship. 4. Representing
a person on horseback. 5. Celebrated by horse-races. 6.
Belonging to knights.
E-Q,UI-AN'GU-LAR, a. [L. aqnus, and angulus.] In ge-
ometry, consisting of or having equal angles.
E-Q,UI-BAL'ANCE, n. [L. aiquus and bilanx.] Equal
weight.
E-aUI-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To have equal weight with some-
thing.
E-Q,UI-CRtf'RAL, a, [h.cequus and crus.] 1. Having legs
of equal length. 2. Having equal legs, but longer than
the base ;_ isosceles.
E-Q.UI-CRURE', a. The same as equicrural.
E-aUI-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Having equal differences ; arith-
metically proportional.
E-aUI-DIS'TANCE, n. Equal distance. Hall.
E-aUI-DIS'TANT, n. Equal distance or remoteness,
E-aUI-DIS'TANT, a. [L.mqmus, and distans,] Being at an
equal distance from some point or place.
E-aUI-DIS'TANT-LY, adv. At the same or an equal dis-
tance.
E-aUI-FORM'I-TY, n. [L. aiquus and forma.] Uniform
equalit)'. Broken.
E-GIUI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. aquus and lateralis.] Having
all the sides equal.
E-QUI-LAT'ER-AL, n. A side exactly corresponding to
others. Herbert.
E-QUI-Ll'BRATE, v. t. [L. a;quus and libro.] To balance
equally two scales, sides or ends ; to keep even with equal
weight on each side.
E-aUI-Li'BRA-TED, pp. Balanced equally on both sides
or ends.
E-aUI-Ll'BRA-TING, ppr. Balancing equally on both
sides or ends.
E-aUI-LI-BRA'TION, n. Equipoise ; the act of keeping
the balance even, or the state of being equally balanced.
E-aUI-LIB'RI-OUS, a. Equally poised.
E-aUI-LIB'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In equal poise.
E-aUIL'I-BRIST, n. One that balances equally.
E-aUI-LIB'RI-TY, n. [L. cequilibritas .] The state of be-
ing equally balanced ; equal balance on both sides ; equi-
librium. Gregory.
E-CIUI-LIB'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1. In mechanics, equipose,
equality of weight ; the state of the two ends of a lever or
balance, when both are charged with equal weight, and
they maintain an even or level position, parallel to the
horizon. 2. Equality of powers. 3. Equal balancing of
the mind between motives or reasons.
E-aUI-MUL'TI-PLE, a. [L. aiquus and multiplieo.] Mul
tiplied by the same number or quantity.
E-aUI-MUL'TI-PLE, n. In arithmetic and geometry, a
number multiplied by the same number or quantity.
E-dUl'NAL, a. Relating to a horse. Heytcood.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE -€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolet*
20
EQU
306
ERE
£'Q,UINE, a. [L. equinus.] Pertaining to a hoise, or to
the genus.
E-aUI-NECES-SA-RY, a. Necessary or needful in the
same degree. JIndih-as.
E-aUI-NOG'TIAL, a. [L. cequus and nox.] 1. Pertaining
to the equinoxes ; designating an equal length of day and
night. 2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equi-
noctial line or equator ; in or near that line. 3. Pertain-
ing to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points.
— 4. Equinoctial fiowers, flowei-s that open at a regular,
stated hour.
E-aUI-NO€'TIAL, n. In astronomy, a great circle of the
sphere, under which the equator moves in its diunial
course. — Equinoctial points are the two points wherein
the equator and ecliptic intersect each other.
E-aUI-NOG'TIAL-LY, adv. In the direction of the equi-
nox. Broicn.
EaUI-NOX, 71. [L. squus and nox.'] The precise time
when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, or the
first point of Aries, about the 21st of March, and the first
point of Libra, about the 23d of September, making the
day and the niglit of equal length.
E-Q,UI-NU'ME-E,AXT, «. [L. aquus and mLmerus.l Hav-
ing or consisting of the same number. [Little used.]
E-aUIF, V. t. [Ft. equiper.] 1. To dress ; to habit. To
furnish with arms, or a complete suit of arms, for milita-
ry service. 2. To furnish with men, artillery and muni-
tions of war, as a shin. To fit for sea.
Ea'UI-PAGE, V. 1. The furniture of a military man, partic-
ularly arms and their appendages. 2. The furniture of an
army or body of troops, infantry or cavalry. 3. The furni-
ture of an armed ship, or the necessary preparations for
a voyage. 4. Attendance, retinue, as persons, horses,
carriages, &c. 5. Carriage of state; vehicle. 6. Accou-
terments ; habiliments ; ornamental furniture.
ECI'UI-PaGED, a. Furnished with equipage; attended
with a splendid retinue. Coioper.
E-aUI-PEN'DEN-CY, n. [L. cnqims and pevdeo.] The act
of hanging in equipoise ; a being not inclined or deter-
mined either way.
E-aUIP'MENT, n. 1. The act of equipping, or fitting for a
voyage or expedition. 2. Any thing that is used in equip-
ping ; furniture ; habiliments ; warlike apparatus ; neces-
saries for an expedition, or for a voyage.
E'aUI-POISE, n. [L. cequus, and Fr. poids.] Equality of
weight or force ; equilibrium ; a state in which the two
ends or sides of a thing are balanced.
E-aUI-POL'LENCE, \ n. [L. cEquus and pollentia.] 1.
£-aUI-POL'LEN-CY, i Equality of power or force.— 2.
In lo^c, an equivalence between two or more proposi-
tions.
E-GHJI-POE'LENT, a. Having equal power or force ; equiv-
alent. — In log-ic, having equivalent signification.
E-aUI-POL'LENT-LY, adv. Equivalently. Barrow.
E-aUI-PON'DER-ANCE, n. [L. csquus and pondus.]
Equality of weight ; equipoise.
E-aUI-PON'DER-ANT, a. Being of the same weight.
E-aUI-PON'DER-ATE, v. i. [L. (squjis and pondero.] To
be equal in weight ; to weigh as much as another thine.
E-aUI-P0X'DI-dU3, a. Having equal weight on both
sides. Glo.nville.
E-aUIP'PED, (e-quipf) pp. Furnished with habiliments,
arms, and whatever is necessary for a military expedi-
tion, or fcr a %"oyage or cruise.
E-Q.UIP'PING, ppr. Furnishing with habiliments or warlike
apparatus : supplving with things necessary for a voyage.
E-QUIS'.0-NA^CE,7^. An equal sounding.
ECl'lJl-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. equUahlc] 1. E^qual in regard to
the rights of persons ; disnibuting equal justice ; giving
each his due -/assigning to one or more what law or jus-
tice demands ; just ; impartial. 2. Having tiie disposi-
tion to do justice, or doing justice ; impartial 3. Heid or
exercised in equity, or with chancerv powers.
EQ,'UT-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being just.
2. Equity ; the state of doing justice, or distributing to
each according to his legal or just claims.
EQ. L^I-T A-BLY, ado. In an equitable manner ; justly ; im-
partially.
EQ.'UI-TANT, a. [L. equiians.] In botany, riding, as equi-
tant leaves.
EQ.-UI-Ta'TION, 71. A riding on horseback. Barrow.
EO.'UI-TY, 71. [L. asquitas.] 1. Justice ; right. 2. Justice;
impartiality ; a just regard to right or claim. — 3. In law, an
equitable claim. — 4. In jurisprudence, the correction or
qualification of iaw, when too severe or defective ; or the
extension of the words of the law to cases not expressed,
yet coming within the reason of the law. — 5. Equity of re-
demption, in latP, the advantage, allowed to a mortgager,
of a reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged.
E-Q.ITIV'A-LENCE, n. [h. cequus and valens.] 1. Equal-
ity of value ; equal value or worth. 2. Equal power or
force
; E-^UIV'A-LENCE, v. t. To equiponderate ; to be equal to.
Breton.
E-aUIV'A-LENT, a. 1. Equal in value or worth. 2. Equal
in force, power or effect. 3. Equal in moral force, co-
gency or effect on the mind. 4. Of the same import oi
meaning. 5. Equal in excellence or moral worth.
E-aUIV'A-LENT, n. 1. That which is equal in value
weight, dignity or force, with something else.— 2. In
chemistry, equivalent is the particular weight or quantity
of any substance which is necessary to saturate any othe»
with which it can combine. Silliman.
E-Q.UIV 'A-LENT-LY, adc. In an equal manner.
t E-aUIV'0-€A-CY, 71. Equivocalness. Brown.
E-Q.UIV'0-€AL, a. [Lowlj.aqidvocus.] ]. Being of doubt
ful signification; that may be understood in different
senses ; capable of a double interpretation ; ambiguous .
2. Doubtful ; ambiguous ; susceptible of different con-
structions ; not decided. 3. Uncertain ; proceeding from
some unknown cause, or not from the usual cause.
E-Q.UIV'0-€AL, n. A word or term of doubtful meaning,
or capable of different meanings.
E-Q.UIV'0-€AL-LY, adv. 1. Ambiguously ; in a doubtful
sense; in terms susceptible of different senses. 2. By un
certain bkth ; bv equivocal generation.
E-(iUIV'0-€AL-NE£S, n. Ambiguity ; double meaning.
E-GiUIV'O-CATE, v. i. [It. equivocare ; Fr. equivoquer. j
To use words of a doubtful signification ; to express one's
opinions in terms which admit of different senses ; to use
ambiguous expressions.
E-Q,tJIV'0-€ATE, v. t. To render capable of a double m-
terpretation.
E-Q.UiV'0-€A-TING, ppr. Using ambiguous words or
phrases.
E-aUIV-0-€A'TION, 71. Ambiguity of speech ; the use ol
words or expressions that are susceptible of a double sig-
nification.
E-aUIV'0-€A-TOE, n. One who equivocates.
EQ,UI-V0KE, n. [Ft. equivoque.] 1. An ambiguous term
2. Equivocation.
E-aUIV'OR-OUS, a. [L. equus and voro.] Feeding or sub-
sisting on horse flesh. Quart. Rev.
ER, the termination of many English words, is the Teutonic
form of the Latin or ; the one contracted from tcer, the
other from vir, a man. It denotes an agent, originally of
the masculine gender, but now applied to men or things
indifferently ; as in hater, farmer, heater, grater. At the
end of names of places, er signifies a man of the place j
_ Londoner is the same as Londonman.
ERA, n. [L. ara ; Fr. ere ; Sp. era.] 1. In chronology, a
fixed point of time, from which any number of years is
begun to be counted ; as, the Christian era. It differs
from epoch in this ; era is a point of time fixed by some
nation or denomination of men ; epoch is a point nxed by
historians and chronologists. 2. A succession of years
proceeding from a fixed point, or comprehended between
two fixed points.
E-Ra'DI-ATE, v. I. [L. e and radio.] To shoot as rays of
light ; to beam.
E-RA-DI-A TION, 71. Emission of rays or beams of light ;
emission of light or splendor.
E-RADI-CATE, v. t. [L. eradico.] To pull up the roots, or
by the roots ; to destroy any thing that grows ; to extir-
pate ; to destroy tlioroughly.
E-RAD'I-€A-TED, pp. Plucked up by the roots ; extirpa-
ted ; destroyed.
E-RAB'I-CA-TING, ppr. Pulling up the roots of any thing ;
extirpating.
E-RAD-I-€aTI0N, 71. 1. The act of plucking up by the
roots ; extirpation ; excision ; total destruction. 2. The
state of being plucked up by the roots.
E-RAD'I-€A-TiVE, a. That extirpates ; that cures or de-
stroys thoroughly.
E-RAi3'I-€A-TiVE, n. A medicine that effects a radical
cure. Whitlock.
E-RA'SA.-BLE, a. That may or can be erased.
E-RaSE', v. i. [ti. erado.] 1. To rub or scrape out, as letters
or characters written, engraved or painted ; to eflTace. 2.
To obliterate ; to expunge ; to blot out. 3. To efface ; to
destroy. 4. To destroy to the foundatiot!. [^"s Raze.]
E-RaS'ED, (e-rast') pp. Rubbed or scratched out; ooliter-
ated ; effaced.
E-RaSE'MENT, 71. The act of erasing ; a rubbing out ; ex-
punction ; obliteration ; destruction.
E-RaS'ING, ppr. Rubbing or scraping out; obliterating;
destroying.
E-Ra'SION, 71. The act of erasing; obliteration.
E-RAS'TIAN, n. A follower of Erdstus.
E-RAS'TIAN-ISM, n. The principles of the Erastians.
E-RA'SURE,(e-ra'zhur)n. 1. The act of erasing ; a scratch-
ing out ; obliteration. 2. The place whc-e a word or let-
ter has been erased or obliterated.
ERE, (air) adv. [Sax. ^r.] Before ; sooner than.
ERE, (air) prep. Before. JDryden.
SRE'LONG, (ak'long) adv. 1. Before a long tune had
elapsed ; [ois. or little used.] 2. Before a long time shall
elapse ; before long. Milton.
*Stt Synopsis. A, E, I. 0, O, Y, long.— FAR, FAJuL, WHAT;— PRgY ;-PIN. MARINE, BIRD y- t Obsolete.
ERR
307
ESC
gRE'NOW, (air'now) adv. Before this time. Dryden.
fERE'WHILE, (air'while) ; ado. Some time ago ; before
t ERE'WHILES, (air'whiiz) \ a litile while. Suah.
ER'E-BUS, n. [L. c?-e&Ms.] In mytholoo-y^ darkness ; hence,
Ihe region of the dead ; a deep and gloomy place ; heli.
E-REeT', a. [L, erectus.] I. Upright, or in'a perpendicular
posture. 2. Directed upward. 3. Upright and firm ;
bold } unshaken. 4. Raised ; stretched ; intent 3 vigor-
ous. 5. Stretched ; extended.
E-RE€T', V. t. 1. To raise and set in an upright or perpen-
dicular direction, or nearly such. 2. To raise, as a build-
ing ; to set up ; to build. 3. To set up or establish anew ;
to found; to form. 4. To elevate, to exalt 5. To raise;
to excite ; to animate ; to encourage. 6. To raise a con-
sequence from premises. 7. To extend ; to distend.
E-RE€T', V. i. To rise upright. Bacon.
E-RECT'A-BLE, a. That can be erected. Montagu.
E-RECT'ED, pp. Set in a straight and perpendicular direc-
tion ; set upright; raised; built; established; elevated.
E-RECT'ER, n. One that erects ; one that raises or builds.
E-RE€T'ING, ppr. Raising and setting upright ; building ;
founding ; establishing ; elevating ; inciting ; extendmg
and distending.
E-REG'TJON, n. 1. The act of raising and setting perpen-
dicular to the plane of the horizon ; a setting upright. 2.
The act of raising or building, as an edifice or fortifica-
tion. 3. The state of being raised, built or elevated. 4.
Establishment ; settlement ; formation. 5. Elevation ;
exaltation of sentiments. 6. Act of rousing ; excitement.
7. Any thing erected. 8. Distension and extension.
E-REGT'IVE, a. Setting upright ; raising.
E-RE€T'LY, adv. In an erect posture. Brotcn.
E-RE€T'NESS, ?i. Uprightness of posture or form.
E-REGT'OR, n. A muscle that erects ; one that raises.
ER'E-MI-TA6E, n. See Hermitage.
ER'E-MITE, n. [L. eremita.] One who lives in a wilder-
ness, or in retirement, secluded from an intercourse with
men. It is generally written hermit. Milton.
ER-E-MIT'I-€AL, a. Living in seclusion from the world.
E-REP'TION, n. [L. ereptio.] A takhig or snatching away
by force.
fER'GAT, V. i. [L. ergo.] To infer; to draw conclusions.
ER'GO, adv. [L.l Therefore.
ER'GOT, 71. [Fr.] 1. In farriery, a stub, like a piece of soft
horn, about the bigness of a chestnut, situated behind and
below the pastern joint. 2. A morbid excrescence in grain,
particularly in rye.
ER'GO-TISM, 71. [L. ergo.] A logical inference.
ER'I-A€H, n. [Irish.] A pecuniary fine. Spenser.
J ER'I-6l-BLE, a. That may be erected. Sliaw's Zoology.
E-RIN'GO. See Eryngo.
fE-RIST'ie, la. [Gr. epis and spiort/co?.] Pertaining
f E-RIST'I-€AL, ) to disputes ; controversial.
f ERKE, n. [Gr. aspyos.] Idle ; slothful. Chaucer.
ER'ME-LIN. See Ermin.
ER'MlNE, ) 71. [Fr. hermine.] 1. An animal of the genus
ER'MIN, \ mustela. 2. The fur of the ermine.
ER'aHNED, a. Clothed with ermine ; adorned with the fur
of the ermine. Pope.
ERNE, or ^RNE, a Saxon word, signifying a place or re-
ceptacle, forms the termination of some English words, as
well as Latin ; as in barn, lantern.
E-RoDE', V. t. [L. erodo.] To eat in or away ; to corrode.
E-RoD'ED, pp. Eaten ; gnawed ; corroded.
E-RoD'ING, ppr. Eating into ; eating away ; corroding.
f ER'0-GATE, V. t. [L. erogo.] To lay out ; to give ; to
bestow upon. Elyot.
t ER-O-Ga'TION, 71. The act of conferring. Elyot.
E-RoSE', a. [L. erosus.] In botany, an erase leaf has small
sinuses in the margin, as if gnawed.
E-RO'SION, 71. [L. erosio.'] 1. The act or operation of eating
away. 2. The state of being eaten away ; corrosion ;
canker.
E-ROT'I€, ) a. [Gr. epwj.l Pertaining to love ; treating
E-ROT'I-€AL, \ of love.
E-ROT'I€, n. An amorous composition or poem.
ER-PE-TOL'0-6lST, n. [Gr. epTrsro? and \oyog.] One who
writes on the subject of reptiles, or is versed in the natu-
ral history of reptiles.
ER-PE-T0L'0-6Y, n. That part of natural history which
treats of reptiles.
ERR, V. i. [L. erro.] 1. To wander from the right way ; to
deviate from the true course or purpose. 2. To miss the
right way, in morals or religion ; to deviate from the path
or line of duty ; to stray by design or mistake. 3. To mis-
take ; to commit error. 4. To wander ; to ramble.
ERR, V. t. To mislead ; to cause to err. Burton.
ERR'A-BLE, a. Liable to mistake ; fallible. [Little used.]
ERR'A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to mistake or error.
* ER'RAND, n. [Sax. cerend.] 1. A verbal message ; a man-
date or order ; something to be told or done. 2. Any
special business to be transacted by a messenger.
ER'RANT, a. [Yx. errant.] 1. Wandering ; roving ; ram-
bling ; applied particularly to knights, who, in the middle
ages, wandered about to seek adventures ar.d display their
heroism and generosity, called knights errant. 2. Devi-
ating from a certain course. 3. Itinerant; [©60.]
ER'RANT-RY, n, I. A wandering; a roving or rambling
about. Addison. 2. The employment of a knight enanl.
ER-RAT'I€, a. [L. erraticus.] 1. Wandering; having no
certain course ; roving about without a fixed destination.
2. Moving; not fixed or stationary. 3. Iriregular; mu-
table.
ER-RAT'I€, 71, A rogue, Cockcram.
ER-RAT'I-eAL, a. Uncertain ; keeping no regular order
Bp. Hall.
ER-RAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Without rule; irregularlv Broion.
t ER-Ra'TION, n. A wandering.
ER-Ra'TUM, n. j plu. Errata. An error or mistake in
writing or printing.
ER'RHlNE, (er'rine) a. [Gr. eppivov.] Affecting the nose,
or to be snuffed into the nose ; occasioning discharges
from the nose.
ER'llHiNE, (er'rine) n. A medicine to be snuffed up the
nose, to promote discharges of mucus.
ERR'ING, ppr. Wandering from the truth or the right way ,
mistaking ; irregular.
ER-Ro'NE-OUS, a. [L. erroneus.] 1. Wandering ; roving ;
unsettled, 2. Deviating ; devious ; irregular. 3. Mis-
taking ; misled ; deviating, by mistake, firom the truth.
4. Wrong ; false ; mistaken ; not conformable to truth ;
erring from truth or justice.
ER-Ro'NE-OUS-LY, adv. By mistake ; not rightly.
ER-Ro'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being erroneous ,
deviation from right ; inconformity to truth.
ER'ROR, 72 . [L. error.] 1. A wandering or deviation from the
truth ; a mistake in judgment, by which men assent to or
believe what is not true. 2. A mistake made in writing
or other performance. 3. A wandering ; irregular course.
4. Deviation from law, justice or right ; oversight ; mis-
take in conduct. — 5. In Scripture and theology, sin ; in-
iquity ; transgression, — 6. In laic, a mistake in pleading
or in judgment. A writ of error is a writ founded on an
alledged error in judgment, wliich carries the suit to
another tribunal for redress.
ER^ROR, V. t. To determine a judgment of court to be er-
roneous, [JVot well authorized.]
•ERS, or Bitter Vetch, n. A plant,
ERSE, n. The language of the descendants of the Gaels or
Celts, in the highlands of Scotland.
ERSH, or EARSH, n. The stubble after corn is cut,
ERST, a£?u. [Sax, ffiresf.] I, First; at first; at the beginning.
2. Once ; formerly ; long ago. 3. Before ; till then or
now ; hitherto ; [obsolete, except in poetry.]
t ERST'WHILE, adv. Till then or now ; formeriy.
iSR-U-BES'CENCB, n. [L. erubescens, erubesco, from rulsn,
to be red.] A becoming red ; redness of the skin or sm--
face of anv thing ; a blushing.
ER-U-BES'CENT, a. Red, or reddish ; blushing,
E-RUCT', I V. t. [L, eructo.] To belch ; to eject from
E-RU€T'ATE, \ the stomach, as wind. [Little used.]
E-RU€-Ta'TI0N, n. [L. eructatio.] 1. The act of belching
wind from the stomach ; a belch. 2. A violent bursting
forth or ejection of wind or other matter from the earth.
Woodvard.
*ER'U-DiTE, a. [L. eruditus.] Instructed; taught; learn-
ed. Chesterfield.
ER-U-DI"TION, n. Learning ; knowledge gained by study,
or from books and instruction ; particularly, learning in
literature, as distinct from the sciences.
E-Ru'GIN-OUS, a. [L. wruginosus.] Partaking of the sub-
stance or nature of copper, or the rust of copper ; resem-
bling rust.
t E-RUPT', V. i. To burst forth.
E-RUP'TION, n. [L. eruptio.] 1. The act of breaking or
bursting forth from inclosure or confinement ; a violent
emission of any thing, particularly of flames and lava from
a volcano, 2, A sudden or violent mshing forth of men
or troopF for invasion ; sudden excursion. 3. A burst of
voice; violent exclamation. — 4. In medical science, a
breaking out of humors ; a copious excretion of humors ou
the skin, in pustules.
E-RUP'TIVE, a. I. Bursting forth. 2. Attended tvitll
eruptions or efflorescence, or producing it.
E-RYN'GO, n. [Gr. vpvyyiov.] The sea-holly, ertjngiwm.
ER-Y-SIP'E-LAS, n. [Gr. tpvaintXas .] A disease called St
Anthomfs fire ; an eruption of a fiery acrid humor, on
some part of the body, but chiefly on the face.
ER-Y-SI-PEL'A-TOUS, a. Eruptive ; resembling ei^sipe-
las, or partaking of its nature.
ES-€A-LaDE', 71. [Fr.] In the military art, a fmious attack
made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are
used to pass a ditch, or mount a rampart.
ES-CA-LaDE', v. t. To scale ; to mount and pass or enter
by means of ladders. Life of Wellington.
ES-CAL'OP, (skol lup) or SCOL'LOP, n, [D. schulp.] 1. A
• Sed Synopsis MCVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aia in this, f Obsolete.
ESC
308
ESS
fkraily of bivalvular shell-fish. 2. A regular curving inden-
ture in the margin of any thing. See Scallop and Scollop.
ES-€A-PaDE', 71. [Fr.] Tlie fling of a horse.
E-S€aPE', v. t. [Fr. echapper.] 1. To flee from and avoid ;
to get out of the way j to shun ; to obtain security from ;
to pass without harm. 2. To pass unobserved j to evade.
3. To avoid the danger of.
E-SeAPE', V. i. 1. To flee, shun and be secure from danger j
to avoid an evil. 2. To be passed without harm.
E-S€aPE', n. 1. Flight to shun danger or injury; the act
of fleeing from danger. 2. A being passed without re-
ceiving injury. 3. Excuse ; subterfuge ; evasion.— 4. In
law, an evasion of legal restraint or the custody of the
sherifi", without due course of law. 5. Sally ; flight ; ir-
regularity. 6. Oversight ; mistake.
E-SCaPE'MENT, n. That part of a clock or watch, which
regulates its movements.
E-S€aP'ER, n. One who gets out of danger.
E-S€aP'ING, ppr. Fleeing from and avoiding danger or
evil ; being passed unobserved or unhurt ; shunning ;
evading ; securing safety ; quitting the custody of the law,
without warrant.
E-S€aP'ING, n. Avoidance of danger. Ezra ix.
ES-CaR'GA-TOIRE, 71. [Fr.] A nursery of snails.
ES-OABP', V. t. [Fr. escarper.l To slope ; to form a slope ;
a military term. Carleton.
ES-€ARFMENT, n. A slope ; a steep declivity.
ES-CHA-LoT^, (shal-loteO n. [Fr. echalotc] A species of
small onion or garlic, belonging to the genus allium.
ES'CHAR, n. [Gr. eaxapa.] 1. In surgery, the crust or scab
occasioned by burns of caustic applications. 2. A species
of coralline,
ES-€HA-ROT'I€, a. Caustic ; having the power of searing
or destroying the flesh.
ES-€HA-ROT'I€, n. A caustic application. Coxe.
ES-CHeAT', n. [Fr. echeoir.] 1. Any land or tenements
which casually fall or revert to the lord within his manor,
through failure of heirs. — 2. In the United States, the fall-
ing or passing of lands and tenements to the state, through
failure of heirs or forfeiture, or in cases where no owner
is found. 3. The place or circuit within which the king
or lord is entitled to escheats. 4. A writ to recover es-
cheats from the person in possession. 5. The lands which
fall to the lord or state by escheat. — 6. In Scots law,
the forfeiture incurred by a man's being denounced a
rebel._
ES-CHeAT', v. i. 1. In England, to revert, as land, to the
lord of a manor, by means of the extinction of the blood
of the tenant. — 2. In America, to fall or come, as land, to
the state, through failure of heirs or owners, or by forfeit-
ure for treason.
tES-CHEAT', v.t. To forfeit. Bp. Hall.
ES-CHeAT'A-BLE, a. Liable to escheat.
ES-CHeAT'A6E, n. The right of succeeding to an escheat.
ES-CHeAT'ED, pp. Having fallen to the lord through
want of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by
forfeiture.
ES-CHeAT'ING, ppr. Revelling to the lord through failure
of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by for-
feiture.
ES-CHeAT'OR, n. An ofiicer who observes the escheats
of the king in the county whereof he is escheator.
ES-CHEW, V. t. [Norm, eschever.l To flee from ; to shun ;
to avoid. [J\rearly obs.']
ES-CHEW'ED, (es-chewdi) pp. Shunned ; avoided.
ES-CHEW'ING, ppr. Shunning; avoiding.
ES-€o'CHEON, w. [Fr.] The shield of the family.
ES'€ORT, n. [Fr. escorte.] A guard ; a body of armed men
which attends an officer, or baggage, provisions or mu-
nitions conveyed by land from place to place, to protect
them. — This word is rarely, and never properly, used for
naval protection or protectors ; the latter we call a con-
voy.
ES-OORT', V. t. To attend and guard by land.
ES-eORT'ED, pp. Attended and guarded by land.
ES-€ORT'ING, ppr. Attending and guarding by land.
ES-€OT' See Scot.
ES-€OU-aDE'. See Squad.
ES-€0UT'. See Scout.
tES-€RIPT, 71. [Fr. escript.] A writing; a schedule.
Cockeram.
ES-€RI-T0IR', Ces-kre-twor') n. [Sp. escritorio ; Fr. ecri-
toire.] A box with instruments and conveniences for
writing. It is often pronounced scrutoir.
ES'ORoW, 71. [Fr. ecrou.] In law, a deed of lands or tene-
ments delivered to a third person, to hold till some condi-
tion is performed by the grantee.
ES'€U-A6E, 71. [from Fr. ecu.] In feudal law, service of
the shield, called also scutage ; a species of tenure by
knight service, by which a tenant was bound to follow
his lord to war : afterwards exchanged for a pecuniary
satisfaction
ES-€U-La'PI-AN, a. [from ^sculapius.] Medical ; per-
taining to the healing art. Young.
ES'€U-LENT, a. [L. esculentus.] Eatable ; that is nr may
be used by man for food.
ES'€U-LENT, n. Something that is eatable.
ES-€U'RI-AL, 71. The palace of the king of Spain. The
Escurial is a famous monastery built by Philip II. in the
shape of a gridiron, in honor of St. Laurence.
ES-€UTCH'EON, n. [Fr. ecusson.] The shield on which
a coat of arms is represented ; the shield of a family ; the
picture of ensigns armorial.
ES-€UTCH'EONED, a. Having a coat of arms or ensign.
ESH, n. Ash. Craven dialed.
ESH'LAR, n [Fr echeler.] Ashlar; stones walled in
course by scale Craven dialect.
t ES-LOIN', V. t. [Fr. eloigner.'] To remove.
E-SOPH-A-GOT'0-MY, n. [L. esophagus, and Gr. ToyLTj.']
In surgery, the operation of making an incision into the
esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign sub-
stance.
E-SOPH'A-GUS, n. [Gr. oiGOipayo^.] The gullet ; the canal
through which food and drink pass to the stomach.
E-So'Pl-AN, a. [from ^sop.] Pertaining to iEsop.
ES-0-TER'I€, a. [Gr. ftrwrepos.] Private ; an epithet ap
plied to the private instructions and doctrines of Pythago-
ras ; opposed to exoteric, or public.
E-SOT'ER-Y, n. Mystery ; secrecy. [Little tised.]
ES-PAL'IER, 71. [Fr. espalier.] A row of trees planted
about a garden or in hedges.
ES-PAL'IER, V. t. To form an espalier.
ES-PIR'CET, n. A kind of sainfoin. Mortimer.
E-SPE"CIAL, a. [Fr. special.] Principal ; chief; particulai
E.SPE"CIAL-LY, adv. Principally ; chiefly ; particularly :
in an uncommon degree.
E-SPE"CIAL-NESS, n. The state of being especial.
t ES'PE-RANCE, n. [Fr.] Hope. Shak.
E-SPl'AL, n. A spy; the act of espying. Elyot.
E-SPi'ER, n. One who watches like a spy. Harmar.
ES'PI-NEL, 71. A kind of ruby. See Spinel.
ES'PI-0-NA6E, n. [Fr.] The practice or employment of
spies ; the practice of watching others without being sus-
pected, and giving intelligence of discoveries made.
ES-PLA-NaDE', n. [Fr.] 1. In fortification, the glacis of
the counterscarp, or the sloping of the parapet of the cov-
ered-way towards the country ; or the void space between
the glacis of a citadel and the first houses of the town.—
2. In gardening, a grass-plat.
E-SPOUS'AL, a. Used in or relating to the act of espousing
or betrothing. Bacon,
E-SPOUS'AL, n, 1. The act of espousing or betrothing. 2
Adoption ; protection.
E-SPOUS'ALS, 71. plu. The act of contracting or affian-
cing a man and woman to each other ; a contract or mu-
tual promise of marriage.
E-SPOUSE', v. t. [Fr. epouser,] 1. To betroth. 2. To be-
troth ; to promise or engage in marriage, by contract in
writing, or by some pledge. 3. To marry ; to wed. 4.
To unite intimately or indissolubly. 5. To embrace ; to
take to one's self, with a view to maintain.
E-SPOUS'ED, (e-spowzd') pp. Betrothed ; affianced ; prom-
ised in marriage by contract ; married ; united intimately ;
embraced.
E-SPOUS'ER, 71. One who espouses.
E-SPOUS'ING, ppr. Betrothing ; marrying ; uniting indis-
solubly ; taking part in.
E-SPy', v. t. [Fr. epier, espier.] 1. To see at a distance ;
to have the first sight of a thing remote. 2. To see or
discover something intended to be hid. 3. To discover
unexpectedly. 4. To inspect narrowly ; to examine and
make discoveries.
E-SP^', V, i. To look narrowly ; to look about ; to watch.
E-SPY'^ n, A spy ; a scout.
E-SClUlRE', n. [Fr. ecuyer.] Properly, a shield-bearer or
armor-bearer, scutifer ; an attendant on a knight. Hence,
in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below a
knight. In the United States, the title is given to public
officers of all degrees, from governors down to justices
and attorneys. Indeed the title, in addressing letters, is
bestowed on any person at pleasure, and is merely an ex-
pression of respect.
E-SaUiRE', V. t. To attend ; to wait on.
ES-SaY', v.t. [Fr. essayer.] 1. To try; to attempt; to
endeavor ; to exert one's power. 2. To make experi-
ment of. 3. To try the value and purity of metals. «ee
Assay,
ESSaY, n. 1. A trial; attempt; endeavor; an effort
made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance
of any thing. — 2. In literature, a composition intended to
prove or illustrate a particular subject. 3. A trial or ex-
periment. 4. Trial or experiment to prove the qualities
of a metal. [See Assay.] 5. First taste of any thing.
ES-SaY'ED, (es-sade') pp. Attempted ; tried.
ES-SaY'ER, n. One who writes essays. Addison.
ES-SaY'ING, ppr. Trying ; making an effort.
* ES-SaY'IST, 71, A writer of an essay, or of essays.
* See Synopsis 5 E, I, 0, tj, Y, long.—FKVi. FALL, WHAT ;~-PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
EST
309
ETE
ES SENCE, n. [L. essentia ; Fr. essence.] 1. That which
constitutes the particular nature of a being or substance,
or of a genus, and which distinguishes it from all others.
2. Formal existence ; that which makes any thing to be
what it is 5 or, rather, the peculiar nature of a thing ; the
very substance. 3. Existence j the quality of being. 4.
A being ; an existent person. 5. Species of being. 6.
Constituent substance. 7. The predominant qualities or
virtues of any plant or drug, extracted, refined or rectified
from grosser matter ; 01, more strictly, a volatile essential
oil. 8. Perfume, odor, scent j or the volatile matter con-
stituting perfume.
ES'SENCE, V. t. To perfume ; to scent.
ES'SENCED, pp. Perfumed. Addison.
ES-SeNES', 71. Among the Jews, a sect remarkable for
their strictness and abstinence.
ES-SEN'TIAL, a. [L. essentialis.] 1. Necessary to the
constitution or existence of a thing. 2. Important in the
highest degree. 3. Pure,; highly rectified,
ES-SEN'TIAL, n. 1. Existence 3 being ; [little usedt] 2.
First or constituent principles. 3. The chief point ; that
which is most important.
ES-SEN-TI-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being essential ;
first or constituent principles. Sioift.
ES-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. By the constitution of nature 3
in essence. 2. In an important degree.
t ES-SEN'TIAL-NESS, n. The state or quality of being
essential. Ld^ Digby.
ES-KEN'TIATE, v. i. To become of the same essence.
ES-SEN'TIATE, v. t. To form the essence or being of.
ES-SOIN', 11. [Old Fr. exonier, essonier.] 1. An excuse ;
the alledging of an excuse for him who is summoned to
appear in court. 2. Exemption. 3. He that is excused
for non-appearance in court, at the day appointed.
ES-SOIN', V. t. To allow an excuse for non-appearance in
court ; to excuse for absence. Cowcl.
ES-SOIN'ER, 71. An attorney who sufliciently excuses the
absence of another.
E-STAB'LISH, v. t. [Fr. etablir.] 1. To set and fix firmly
or unalterably ; to settle permanently. 2. To found per-
manently ; to erect and fix or settle. 3. To enact or de-
cree by authority and for permanence 3 to ordain 3 to ap-
point. 4. To settle or fix 3 to confirm. 5. To make firm ;
to confirm 3 to ratify. 6. To settle or fix what is waver-
ing, doubtful or weak 3 to confirm. 7. To confirm 3 to
fulfill 3 to make good. 8. To set up in the place of an-
other, and confirm.
E-STAB'LISHED, pp. Set 3 fixed firmly 3 founded ; ordain-
ed 3 enacted ; ratified 3 confirmed.
E-STAB'LISH-ER, n. He who establishes or confirms.
E-STAB'LISH-ING, ppr. Fixing ; settling permanently 3
founding; ratifying 3 confirming; ordaining.
E-STAB'LISH-MENT, n. [Fr. etablissement.] 1. The act
of establishing. 2. Settlement ; fixed state. 3. Confir-
mation ; ratification. 4. Settled regulation ; form ; ordi-
nance ; system of laws 3 constitution of government. 5.
Fixed or stated allowance for subsistence ; income 3 sal-
ary. 6. That which is fixed or established 3 as a perma-
nent military force, a fixed garrison, a local government,
an agency, a factory, &c. 7. The episcopal form of reli-
gion, so called in England. 8. Settlement or final rest.
ES-TA-FET', n. [Sp. estafcta.] A military courier.
E-STaTE', n. [Fr. etat.] 1. In a general sense, fixedness 3
a fixed condition 3 now generally written and pronounced
state. 2. Condition or circumstances of any person or
thing, whether high or low. 3. Rank 3 quality.— 4. In law,
the interest, or quantity of interest, a man has in lands,
tenements, or other effects. 5. Fortune 3 possessions 3
property in general. 6. The general business or interest
of government 3 a political body 3 a commonwealth 5 a
republic. [See State.] — Estates, in the plural. 1. Domin-
ions 3 possessions of a prince. 2. Orders or classes of men
in society or government.
E-STaTE', v. t. 1. To settle as a fortune. Shak. 2. To
establish ; {little used."]
E-STaT'ED, pp. or a. Possessing an estate. Swift.
E-STEEM, v.t. [Fr. estimer.'] 1. To set a value on,
whether high or low; to estimate; to value. 2. To
prize ; to set a high value on ; to regard with reverence,
respect or friendship. 3. To hold in opinion 3 to repute 3
to think. 4. To compare in value 3 to estimate by pro-
portion.
E-STEEM', v. i. To consider as to value. Spenser.
E-STEEM', 71. 1. Estimation 3 opinion or judgment jf merit
or demerit. 2. High value or estimation 3 grea regard 3
favorable opinion.
E-STEEM'A-BLE, a. Worthy of esteem 3 estimable.
E-STEEM'ED, (e-steemd') pp. Valued 5 estimated 3 highly
valued ; thought ; held in opinion.
E-STEEM'ER, n. One who esteems. Locke.
E-STEEM'ING, ppr. Valuing ; estimating ; valuing highly ;
prizing ; thinking ; deeming.
ES'TI-MA-BLE, a. [Fr>l 1. That is capable of being esti-
mated or valued. 2. Valuable ; worth a great price. 3.
Worthy of esteem or respect ; deserving our good opiniott
or regard.
ES'TI-MA-BLE, n. That which is worthy of regard.
ES'TI-MA-BLE-NESS, 71. Thequality of deserving esteem.
ES'TI-MATE, V. t. [L. cestimo.] 1. To judge and form an
opinion of the value of; to rate by judgment. 2. To
compute ; to calculate ; to reckon.
ES'TI-xMATE, 71. 1. A valuing or rating in the mind ; a
judgment or opinion of the value, degree, extent or quan
tity of any thing. 2. Value. Shak.
ES'TI-MA-TED, pp. Valued 3 rated in judgment.
ES'TI-MA-TING, ppr. Valuing 5 rating 3 forming an opin-
ion or judgment of the value, extent, quantity or degree
of worth of any object 3 calculating 5 computing.
ES-TI-MA'TION, n. [L. cestimatio.] 1. The act of estima-
ting. 2. Calculation 5 computation 3 an opinion or judg-
ment of any thing. 3. Esteem 5 regard 3 favorable opin-
ion 3 honor.
ES'TI-MA-TlVE, a. 1. Having the power of comparing
and adjusting the worth or preference 3 [little used.} 2.
Imaginative.
ES'TI-MA-TOR, n. One who estimates or values.
ES'TI-VAL, a. [L. astivus.] Pertaining to summer.
ES'TI-VATE, V. i. To pass the summer.
ES-TI-Va'T10N, 71.- [L. (Bstivatio.] 1. The act of passing
the summer. — 2. In botany, the disposition of the petal3
within the floral gem or bud.
ES-TOP', V. t. [Fr. etouper.] In law, to impede or bar, by
one's own act.
ES-TOP'PED, (e-stopf) pp. Hindered 3 barred.
ES-TOP'PING, ppr. Impeding ; barring by one's own act,
ES-TOP'PEL, n. In laic, a stop; a plea in bar, grounded
on a man's own act or deed, which estops or precludes
himfrom averring any thing to the contrary.
ES-To'VERS, 71. [Norm, estoffer.] In law, necessaries, 01
supplies ; a reasonable allowance out of lands or goods for
the use of a tenant.
ES-TRaDE', n. [Fr.l An even or level place. Diet.
ES-TRaNgE', v. t. [Fr. ctr anger.} 1 To keep at a dis-
tance ; to witlidraw ; to cease to frequent and be familiar
with. 2. To alienate ; to divert from its original use or
possessor. 3. To alienate, as the affections ; to turn from
kindness to indifference or malevolence. 4. To with-
draw ; to withhold.
ES-*rRANG'ED, (e-stranjd') pp. Withdrawn 3 alienated.
ES-TRaNG'ED-NESS, 71. The state of being estranged,
Prynne.
ES-TRaN6E'MENT, 7?., Alienation ; a keeping at a dis-
tance ; removal ; voluntary abstraction.
ES-TRaNG'ING, ppr. Alienating ; withdrawing ; keeping
at or removing to a distance.
ES-TRA-PaDE', 7). [Yr.strapjwdo.] The deffense of a horse
that will not obey, and which, to get rid of his rider, rises
before and yerks furiously with his hind legs.
ES-TRAY', V. i. To stray. See Stray.
ES-TRaY', n. [Norm, estr ay er.} A tame beast, as a horse,
ox or sheep, which is found wandering or without an
owner See Stray.
ES-TRkAT', 71. [Norm, estraite.} In law, a true copy of
an original writing.
ES-TReAT', v. i. To extract ; to copy. Blackstone.
ES-TReAT'ED, pp. Extracted ; copied.
ES-TRePE'MENT, n. [Norm, estreper.} In law, spoil j
waste ; a stripping of land by a tenant, to the prejudice
of the owner.
ES'TRICH, n. The ostrich, which see.
t ES'TU-ANCE, 71. [L. mstus.} Heat. Brown.
ES'TU-A-RY, 71. [L, (Bstuarium.} 1. An arm of the sea ; a
frith 3 a narrow passage, or the mouth of a river or lake,
where the tide meets the current, or flows and ebbs. 2.
A vapor-bath.
ES'TU-ATE, V. i. [L. cestuo.} To boil 5 to swell and rage j
to be agitated.
ES-TU-A'TION, n. A boiling 3 agitation. Brown.
t EST-URE', 71. [L. cestuo.} Violence ; commotion.
E-StJ'RI-ENT, a. [L. esuriens.} Inclined to eat ; hungry.
ES'U-RINE, a. Eating ; corroding. [Little used.}
ET C^T'E-RA, and the contraction etc., denote the rest,
or others of the kind ; and so on ; and so forth,
ETCH, V. t. [G. etzen.} 1. To make prints on copper-plate
by means of lines or strokes first drawn, and then eaten
or corroded by nitric acid. 2. To sketch ; to delineate j
[not in use.l^Locke.
ETCH, V. i. To practice etching.
ETCH, or ED'DISH, n. Ground from which a crop has
been taken. Mortimer.
ETCH'ED, (etcht) pp. Marked and corroded by nitric acid.
ETCH'ING, ppr. Marking or making prints with nitric
acid.
ETCH'ING, 71. The impression taken from an etched cop-
per-plate.
ET-E-OS'TI€, 71. [Gr. eteos and «rri;)^of .] A chronogram-
matical composition. B. Jonson.
t E-TERN', a. Eternal ; perpetual ; endless. Shak.
* See Synopm. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL. UN ITE.— C as K -, 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
ETW
310
EUR
E TER'NAL, a. [Fr. eternel ; 'L. aternus.'] 1. Without be-
ginning or end of existence. 2. Without beginning of
existence. 3. Without end of existence or duration ;
everlasting ; endless ; immortal. 4. Perpetual ; cease-
less ; continued without intermission. 5. Unchangeable ;
existing at all tunes without change.
E-TEil'i\ALj n. An appellation of God. Milton.
E-l'SE-NAL-IST, n. One wlio holds the past existence of
the world to be infinite. Burnet.
\ E-TER'NAL-iZE, v. t. To make eternal ; to give endless
duration to. [We now use eternize.']
E TER'NAL-LY, ado. 1. Without beginning or end of du-
ration, or without end only. ;:'. Unchangeably ; invaria-
bly ; at all tjmes. 3. Perpetually ; without intermission.
E TER'NI-FY, v. t. To make iamons ; to hnmortalize.
E TER'JSfl-TY, n. [L. ceternitas.-] I>aration or continuance
without beginning or end.
e TER'NIZE, V. t. [Fr. eternise.'] 1. To make endless. 2.
To continue the existence or duration of indefinitely ; to
perpetuate. 3. To make forever famous ; to immortalize.
£-TER'i\iZED, rp- i^ade endless ; immortalized.
E-TER'NTZ-ING, pvr. Giving endless duration to.
E-TE'SIAN, (e-t5'znan) a. [\.. etesius.] Stated; blowmgat
stated times of the year; periodical. Encyc.
I eTHE, a. Easy. Chaucer.
t E'THEL, a. iSIobie.
K'THER, 71. [L. atther.] 1. A thin, subtil matter, much
finer and rarer than air, which, some philosophers sup-
pose, begins from the limits of the atmosphere, and occu-
pies the heavenly space. J'Tswton.—^. la. chemistry, a very
light, volatile and inflammable fluid, produced by the dis-
tillation of alcohol or rectified spirit of wine, with an acid.
E-THe'RE-AE, G. 1. Formed of ether ; containing or filled
with ether. 2. Heavenly ; celestial. 3. Consisting of
ether or spirit.
E-THe'RE-AL-iZS, v. t. To convert into ether, or into a
very subtil fluid.
E-THeRE-AL-IZED, pp. Converted into ether.
E-THE'RE-OUS, a. Formed of ether ; heavenly. Milton.
E'THER-lZE, V. t. To convert into ether. Med. Rep.
E'THiER-iZED, pp. Converted into ether.
E'THER-lZ-ING, ppr. Converting into ether.
ETH'ie, I a. [L. ethicus.] Relating to manners or
ETH'I-€AL, \ morals ; treating of morality ; delivermg
precepts of morality.
ETH'1-€AL-LY, adv. According to the doctrines of morality.
ETH'ICS, n. 1. The doctrines of morality ; the science of
moral philosophy. 2. A system of moral principles ; a
_ system of rules for regulating the actions of men.
E THI-OP, n. A native of Ethiopia ; a blackamoor. Shak.
E'THI-OPS MaR'TIAL. Black oxyd of iron.
E'THI-OPS MIN'ER-AL. A combination of mercury and
sulphur.
ETH'MOID, I a. [Gr. 176/^0? and eiSos.] Resembling a
ETH-MOID'AL, \ sieve.
ETH'MOID, n. A bone at the top of the root of the nose.
ETH'NIC, I a. [L. ethnicus.] 1. Heathen ; pagan ; per-
ETH'Nf=€AL, ) taining to the gentiles or nations not
converted to Christianity. 2. Relating to the races or
classes of mankind.
ETH'NIC, n. A heathen ; a pagan.
ETH'NI-CISM, n. Heathenism ; paganism ; idolatry.
ETH-NO-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. [Gr. edvog and ypa<pu).] Re-
lating to a description of nations, or races of mankind.
ETH-N0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. eOvos and \oyos.] A treatise on
nations.
ETH-O-LOG'I-eAL, a. Treating of ethics.
E-THOL'O-GIST, n. One who writes on morality.
E-TH0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. £0o?, or >?9oj, and Xoyoj.] A treatise
on morality, or the science of ethics.
E'TIO-LATE, V. i. [Gr. aidu).] To become white or whiter ;
to be whitened.
E'TIO-LATE, V. t. To blanch ; to whiten by excluding the
sun's ravs.
E'TIO-LA-TED, pp. Blanched ; whitened by excluding the
_ sun's rays.
E'TIO-L A-TING, ppr. Blanching ; whitening by excluding
the sun's rays.
E-TIO-La'TION, n. The operation of being whitened, or
of becoming white, by excluding the light of the sun.
E-TI0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to etiology. Jlrbuthnot.
E-TT-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. aina and Aoyo?.] An account of
the causes of any thing, particularly of diseases.
ET-f-Q.UET', (et-e-kef) 71. [Fr. etiquette.'] Forms of cer-
emony or decorum ; the forms which are observed to-
wards particular persons, or in particular places.
STITE, n. TGr. atroi.] Eaglestone.
ET-Ne'AN, a. [from ^t7?a.] Pertaining to Etna.
fET'TIN, n. A giant. Beaumont.
I ET'TLE, V. t. To earn. Boucher.
It W^E^*"^^'^ I "• ^^'' ^*"^'^ ^ '^'^^^ ^^^ pocket instru-
ET-WEE''-€XSE, ) ™®°*^-
t ET-Y-M0L'0-6ER, n. An etymologist, Griffith.
ET-Y-M0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to etymology or the
derivation of words ; according to or by means of ety-
mology.
El'-Y-MO-LOG'I-eAL-LY, adv. According to etymology.
ET-Y-M0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in etymology ; one who
searches into the original of words.
ET-Y-M0L'0-6lZE, v. i. To search into the origin of
words ; to deduce words from their simple roots.
ET-Y-M0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. ervyLOs and Aoyoj.] 1. That part
of philology which explains the origin and derivation of
words. — In grammar, etymology comprehends the various
inflections and modifications of words. 2. The deduc-
tion of words from their originals ; the' analysis of ccm-
pound words into their primitives.
ET'Y-MON, 71. [Gr. £Ti)^oj/.] An original root ir primitive
word.
EtJ'CHA-RIST, n. [Gr. £u%apt«7rta.] 1. The sacrament of
the Lord's supper. 2. The act of giving thanks.
EU-€HA-RIS'Ti€, \ a. 1. Containing expressions of
EU-€HA-RIS'TI-€AL, \ thanks. 2. Pertaining to the
Lord's supper.
EU-€HLo'RI€ GAS. The samb ^ euchlorine. Davy.
EU-CHLo'RINE, 71. In chemistry, protoxyd of chlorine.
EU-€HOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. evxo'>^oyiov.] A formulary of
prayers ; the Greek ritual.
Eu'€HY-MY, 71. [Gr. evxvjxia.} A good state of the blood
and other fluids of the body.
EU-€HY-SID'ER-ITE, n. A mineral.
Eu'CLASE, n. A mineral, a species of emerald.
Eu'CRA-SY, n. [Gr. ev and Kpaais.] In medicine, such a
due or well proportioned mixture of qualities in bodies, as
tends to constitute health or soundness.
Eu€'TI-CAL, a. Containing acts of thanksgiving. Made.
EU'DI-AL-YTE, 72. A mineral of a brownish-red color.
EU-DI-OM'E-TER, 71'. [Gr. evSios, ev, 6ios and nerpov.] An
instrument for ascertaining the purity of the air.
EU-DI-0-MET'RI€, ) a. Pertaining to a eudiometer ;
EU-DI-0-MET'RI-€AL, ] performed or ascertained by a
eudiometer.
EU-DI-OM'E-TRY, n. The art or practice of ascertaining
the purity of the air by the eudiometer.
t EtJ'GE, n. Applause. Hammond.
EUGH, n. A tree. See Yew.
EU-HAR-MON'I€, a. [Gr. £v, and harmonic.'] Producing
harmony or concordant sounds.
EU-KAI'RITE, n. [Gr. evKaipos.] Cupreous seleniuret of
silver, a mineral of a shining lead-gray color.
EU-L0G'I-€AL ( **• Containing praise ; commendatory.
EU-L06'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner which conveys en-
comium or praise.
Eu LO-GIST, n. One wlio praises and commends another.
EU-Lo'6l-UM, n. A eulogy.
Eu'LO-GiZE, V. t. To praise ; to speak or write in com-
mendation of another ; to extol.
Eu'LO-GlZED, pp. Praised; commended.
Eu'L0-6lZ-ING, pfr. Writing or speaking in praise of.
Eu'L0-6Y, n. [Gr. tv\oyia.] Praise ; encomium ; pan •
egyric ; a speech or writing in commendation of a person.
Eu'NO-MY, 71. |Gr. evvoyia.] Equal law, or a well adjust-
ed constitution of government. Mitford.
Eu'NUCH, n. [Gr. tvvov)(ps.] A male of the human species
castrated.
t Eu'NUCH, V. t. To make a eunuch. Creech.
EU'NUCH-ATE, v. t. To make a eunuoh ; to castrate.
Eu'NU€H-ISM, 71. The state of being a eunuch.
EU-ON'Y-MUS, 71. [L.] A shrub c&Ued spindle-tree.
EU'PA-THY, n. [Gr. evnaeeia.] Right feeling. Harris.
Eu'PA-TO-RY, 71. [L. eupatorium.] The hemp agrimo-
ny.
EU-PEP'SY, 71. [Gr £vireTJ,ia.] Good concoction in the
stomach ; good digestion.
EU-PEP'TI€, a. Having good digestion.
EU'PHE-MISM, 71. [Gr. EvfrjixiciJiOi.] A representation
of good qualities ; particularly, in r-hetoric, a figure by
which a delicate word or expression is substituted for one
which is offensive.
EU-PHON'ie, ) a. Agreeable in sound ; pleasing to the
EU-PHON'I-€AL, ( ear.
Eu'PHO-NY, 71. [Gr. eu^wvia.] An agreeable sound ; an
easy, smooth enunciation of sounds.
EU-PHOR'BI-A, 71. [Gr. tv(pop^t.a.] In 'botany, spurge, or
bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species.
EU-PHOR'BI-UM, 71. [L.] In materia medica, a gummi-
resinous substance, exuding from an oriental tree.
Eu'PHO-TIDE, 71. A name given by the French to the ag-
gregate of diallage and saussurite.
EtJ'PHRA-SY, n. Eyebright, a genus of plants.
EU-Ri'PUS, 71. [Gr. svpiiros.] A strait ; a narrow tract cf
water.
* Se<j Synopsis, A, E, 1, 0, tj, "?, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete
EVA
311
EVE
EORITE, n. The white stone [weiss stein] of Werner.
EU-ROC'LY-DON, n. [Gr. evpos and /cAv^wj;,] A tempestu-
ous wind, wliich drove ashore, on Malta, the ship in
which St. Paul was sailing to Italy.
EU'ROPE, ji. The great quarter of the earth that lies be-
tween the Atlantic ocean and Asia, and between the
Mediterranean sea and the North sea.
EU-RO-Pe'AN, a. Pertaining to Europe.
ECJ-B,0-Pe'AN, 71. A native of Europe.
EtJ'RUS, n. [L.J The east wind.
EC'RYTH-MY, n. [Gr. ev and pvOnos.] In architecture,
painting and sculpture, ease, majesty and elegance of the
parts df a body, arising from just proportions.
EIJ-Se'BI-AN,tc. An Arian, so called from Eusebius.
EU'STI^LE, n. [Gr. ev and gtvXos.] In architecture, a sort
of building in which the columns are placed at the most
convenient distances from each other.
fEU'TAX-Y, n. [Gr. evra^ca.] Established order. Water-
house.
EtJ'THA-NA-SY, or EU-THAN'A-SY, n. [Gr. evOavaffia ;
L. euthanasia,] An easy death.
EU-TY€H'I-AN, n. A follower of Eutychius.
EU-TY€H'I-AN, a. Denoting the heretics called Eutychi-
ans. Tdlotson.
EU-TY€H'I-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Eutychius, who
denied the two natures of Christ.
t E-Va'€ATE, v. t. [L. vaco>] To empty. Harvey.
E-Vi\.€'U-ANT, a. [L. evacuaiis.] Emptying ; freeing from.
E-VA€'U-ANT, n. A medicine which procures evacua-
tions, or promotes the natural secretions and excretions.
,E-VA€'U-ATE, V. «. {li. evacuo.] 1. To make empty ; to
free from any thing contained. 2. 1 o throw out ; to eject ;
to void ; to discharge. 3. To empty ; to free from con-
tents. 4. To quit 3 to withdraw from a place. 5. To
make void ; to nullify.
E-VA€'U-A-TED, pp. Emptied ; cleared ; freed from the
contents ; quitted, as by an army or garrison ; ejected ;
discharged ; vacated.
E-VA€'D-A-TING, ppr. Emptying ; making void or va-
cant ; witl) drawing from.
E-VA€--U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of emptying or clearing
of the contents ; the act of withdrawing from, as an army
or garrison. 2. Discharges by stool or otlier natural
means ; a diminution of the fluids of an animal body. o.
Abolition ; nullification.
E-VA€'fJ-A-TlVE, a. That evacuates.
E-VA€'U-A-TOR, n. One that makes void. Hamviovd.
E-VaDE', ?,'. f. [h. evado.] ]. To avoid by dexterity. 2.
To avoid or escape by artifice or stratagem ; to slip away ;
to elude. 3. To elude by subterfuge, sophistry, address
or ingenuity. 4. To escape as imperceptible.
E-VaDE', v. i. 1. To escape ; to slip away. 2. To attempt
to escape ; to practice artifice or sophistry for the purpose
of eluding.
E-VaD'kD, pp. Avoided ; eluded.
E-VaD'ING, ppr. Escaping ; avoiding ; eluding ; slipping
away from danger, pursuit or attack.
EV-A-Ga'TION, n. [L. eimgatio.] The act of wandering j
excursion ; a roving or rambling.
fE'VAL, a. [L. csvum.] Relating to time or duration.
EV-A-NES'CENCE, n. [L. evanescens.] 1. A vanishing ;
a gradual departure from sight or possession. 2. The
state of being liable to vanish.
EV-A-NESfCENT, a. Vanishing ; subject to vanishing ;
fleeting ; passing away ; liable to dissipation.
t E-VAN'GEL, n. [L. evangeliwrn.] The gospel. Chaucer.
t EV-AN-GE'LI-AN, a. Rendering thanks for favors.
E-VAN-6EL'ie, ) a. [Low L. evangelicus.] 1. Ac-
E-VAN-<jEL'I-€AL, ) cording to the gospel ; consonant
to the doctrines and precepts of the gospel. 2. Contained
in the gospel. 3. Sound in the doctrines of the gospel ;
orthodox.
E-VAN-6EL'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner according to the
gospel.
E-VAN'6E-LISM, n. The promulgation of the gospel.
E-VAN'6EL-IST, n. 1. A writer of the history of our
blessed Savior, Jesus Christ. 2. A preacher of the gospel
licensed to preach, but not having charge of a particular
church.
E-VAN'GE-LIST-A-RY, n. A selection of passages from
the Gospels, as a lesson in divine service.
EV-AN-GEL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of evangelizing.
E-VAN'GEL-iZE, v. t. [Low L. evangelito.] To instruct in
the gospel ; to preach the gospel to, and convert to a belief
of the gospel.
E-VAN'GEL-IZB, v. i. To preach the gospel.
E-VAN'GEL-iZED, pp. Instructed in the gospel ; converted
to a belief of the gospel, or to Christianity.
E-VAN'GBL-iZ-ING, ppr. Instructing in the doctrines and
precepts of the gospel ; converting to Christianity.
t E-VAN'6EL-Y, 71. Good tidings ; the gospel. Spenser.
E-VAN'ID, a. [L. evanidus.] Faint ; weak ; evanescent ;
liable to vanish or disappear. Bacon.
E-VAN'ISH, V. i. [L. evanesco.] To vanish ; to disappear j
to escape from sight or perception.
E-VAN'ISH -MENT, n. A vanishing ; disappearance.
E-VAP'0-RA-BLE, a. That may be converted into vapor ;
that may be dissipated by evaporation.
E-VAP'O-RATE, v. i. [L. evaporo.} 1. To pass off in va-
por, as a fluid ; to escape and be dissipated. 2. To escape
or pass off without efiect ; to be dissipated ; to be Wasted
E-VAP'O-RATE, v. t. 1. To convert or resolve a fluid into
vapor, which is specifically lighter than the air ; to dissi-
pate in fumes, steam, or minute particles. 2. To givfi
vent to ; to pour out in words or sound.
E-VAFO-RATE, a. Dispersed in vapors.
E-VAP'0-RA-TED, pp. Converted into vapor or steam
and dissipated ; dissipated in insensible particles, as a
fluid.
F -VAP'0-RA-TING, ppr. Resolving into vapor.
E-VAP-0-Ra'TION, n. 1. The conversion of a fluid into
vapor. 2. The act of flying off" in fumes ; vent ; dis-
charge. — 3. In pharmacy, the operation of drawing off a
portion of a fluid in steam, that the remainder may be of
a greater consistence, or more concentrated.
E-VAP-O-ROM'E-TER, n. [L. evaporo, and Gr perpov.']
An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a fluid
evaporated in a given time ; an atmometer.
E-Va'SION, t? . [L. evasio.] The act of eluding or avoiding ;
excuse ; subterfuge ; equivocation ; artifice to elude ;
shift.
E-Va'SIVE, a. 1. Using evasion or artifice to avoid 3 elu-
sive ; shuffling ; equivocating, 2. Containing evasion ;
artfully contrived to elude a question, charge or argu-
ment.
E-Va'SIVE-LY, adv. By evasion or subterfuge ; elusively j
in a manner to avoid a direct reply or a charge.
E-Va'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being evasive
EVE, n. The consort of Adam, and mother of the human
race j so called by Adam, because she was the mother of
all living.
E-VE€'TiON, n. [L. eveho.] A carrying out or away 5 also,
a lifting or extolling ; exaltation. Pearson.
E'VEN, (5'vn) or EVE, n. [Sax. mfen, efen.J 1. The de-
cline of the sun 5 the latter part or close of the day, and
beginning of the night. Shat. 2. Eve is used also for the
_ fast or the evening before a holiday. Johnson.
E'VEN-SONG, n. 1. A song for the evening 3 a form of
_ worship for the evening. 2. The evening.
E'VEN-TlDE, »i. [e«e?i, andSaX. ft<Z.] The time of evening j
_ evening. Tit-is word is nearly obsolete,
E'VEN, (e'vn) a. [Sax. efenj Ji.even.] 1. Level; smooth;
of an equal surface ; flat ; not rough or Waving. 2. Uni-
form ; equal ; calm 3 not easily rufiied or disturbed, ele-
vated or depressed. 3. Level with ; parallel to. 4. Not
leaning. 5. Equally favorable ; on a level in advantage ;
fair. C. Owing nothing on either side 3 having accounts
balanced. 7. Settled ; balanced. 8. Equal. 9. Capable
of being divided into equal parts, without a remainder.
E'VEN, (e 'vn) v. t. 1. To make even or level ; to level ; to
lay smooth. 2. To place in an equal state, as to obhga-
tion, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side ;
to balance accounts.
f_r:'Vr.N, V. i. To be equal to. Carew.
E'VEN, (e'vu) adv. 1. Noting a level or equality; or, em-
phatically, a like manner or degree. 2. Noting equality
or sameness of time ; hence, emphatically, the very time.
3. Noting, emphatically, identity of person. 4. Likewise ;
in like manner. 5. So much as. 6. Noting the applica-
tion of something to that which is less probably included
in the phrase ; or bringing something within a description,
whioh is unexpected.
t f:-VeNE', ». i. [L. e«»e7tio.] To happen. Hevyyt.
fi'VENED, pp. Made even or level.
e'VEN-ER, n. One that makes even.
E'VEIV-HAND, n. Equality. Bacon.
i^'.'VEN-HAND-ED, a. Impartial; equitable; just. Shak.
E'VEN-ING, n. 1. The latter part and close of the day, and
the beginning of darkness or night; properly, the decline
or falPof the day, or of the sun. 2. The decline or latter
part of life. 3. Tlie decline of any thine
E'VEN-ING, a. Being at the close of day.
e'VEN-ING-HYMN, ) 71. A hymn or song to be sung at
E'VEN-ING-SONG, \ evening.
E'VEN-ING-STAR, 71. Hesperus, or Vesper ; Venus, when
visible in the evening.
E'VEN-LY, (e'vn-ly) adv. 1. With an even, level or
smooth surface ; without roughness. 2. Equally 3 uni-
formly 3 in an equipoise. 3. In a level position 3 hori-
zontally. 4. Impartially; without bias from favor or
enmity.
JE'VEN-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being even, level or
smooth 3 equality of surface. 2. Uniformity 3 regularity
3. Freedom from inclination to either side ; equal dis-
tance from either extreme. 4. Horizontal position 3 level-
ness of surface. 5. Impartiality between parties 3 equal
respect. 6. Calmness ; equality of temper ; freedom from
See Synopsis MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CHas SH ^ TH asin this, f Obsolete,
EVI
312
EVO
perturbatiou , a state of mind not subject to elevation or
depression ; equanimity.
E-VENT', n. [L. eventus.] 1 That wliicb comes, arrives
or liappens ; tJiat wbicb falls out ; any incident, good or
bad. 2. The consequence of any thing ; the issue ; con-
c'usion ; end ; that in which an action, operation or series
or operations terminates.
T E-VENT', V. i. I'o break forth.
E-VEJVT'ER-ATE, v.t. [Fr. eventrer.] To open the bow-
els ; to rip open : to disembowel. Brown.
E-VENT'ER-A-TED, pp. Having the bowels opened.
E-VENT'ER-A-TIjVG, ppr. Opening the bowels.
E-VENT'FUL, a. Full of events or incidents ; producing
iriunerous or great changes, either in public or private
affairs.
E-VEN'TT-LATE, v. t. To winnow; to fan ; to discuss.
E-VEN-TI-La'TION, n. A fanning; discussion.
&-VENT^U-AL, a. 1. Commg or happening as a conse-
quence or result of any thing ; consequential. 2. Final ;
terminating ; ultimate.
E-VENT'U-AE-Ly, adv. In the event ; in the final issue.
E-VENT'U-AIE, v. i. To issue ; to come to an end ; to
c.osc ; to terminate. J. Lloyd.
E-VENT'U-A-TING, ppr. Issuing; terminating.
EVER, adv. [Sax. mfre, efre.] 1. At any tune; at any
period or point of time, past or future. 2. At aU times ;
always ; continually. — 3. Forever, eternally ; to perpetu-
ity ; "during everlasting continuance. — 4. Ever and anon,
at one time and another ; now and then. 5. In any de-
gree. 6. A word of enforcement or emphasis. 7. In po-
etry, and sometimes in prose, ever is contracted into e'er.
EV-ER-BUB'BLING, a. Continually boilmg or bubbling.
Crashaw.
EV-ER-BURN'ING, a. Bummg contmually or without in-
termission ; never extinct.
EV-ER-DuR'ING, a. Enduring forever. Raleigh.
EVER-GREEN, a. Always gieen ; verdant throughout the
year.
EVER-GREEN, n. A plant that retains its verdure through
all the seasons.
EY-ER-HON'ORED, a. Always honored. Pope.
EV-ER-LAST'ING, a. 1. Lasting or enduring for ever;
eternal; continuing without end ; unmortal. 2. Perpetu-
al ; continuing indefinitely, or during the present state of
things. — 3. In popular usage, endless ; continual ; unin-
termitted.
EV-ER-LXST'ING, n. 1. Eternity ; eternal duration, past
and future. 2. A plant, the gnaphalium ; also, the xer-
anthemum.
EV-ER-LAST'ING-LY, adv. EtemaUy ; perpetually ; con-
tinually. Sicift,
EV-ER-LAST'ING-NESS, n. Eternity ; endless duration ;
indefinite duration. ILittle iLsed.] Donne,
EV-ER-LaST'ING-PeA, n. A plant.
EV-ER-LrVING, a. 1. Living without end ; eternal ; im-
mortal ; having eternal existence. 2. Continual ; inces-
sant ; unintermitted.
EV-ER-MoRE', adv. 1. Always ; eternally. 2. Always ;
at all tixnes.
EV-ER-O'PEN, a. Always open ; never closed.
EV-ER-PLeAS'ING, a. Always pleasing ; ever giving de-
light. Sidney.
t E- VERSE', (e-vers') v>, t. [L. eversv^.] To overthrow or
subvert. Glanville.
E-VER'SION, 71. [L. eversio.'] An overthrowing ; destruc-
tion. Taylor.
E-VERT'^ V. t. [L. everto.] To overturn ; to overthrow ;
to destroy. [Little used.] Aylijfe.
EV-ER-WaK'ING, a. Alwavs awake.
EV-ER-WATCH'FUL, a. Always watching or vigilant.
EVER-Y, a. [Old Eng. verich ; Sax. cefre and (bIc] Each
individual of a whole < illection or aggregate number.
EV'ER-Y-DaY, a. Use •" or being every day ; common ;
usual.
EVER-Y-"\VHERE, adv. In every place ; in all places.
EV-ER-Y6UNG^, a. Always young or fresh ; not subject
to old age or decay ; undecaying.
KVES'-DROP. See Eaves-drop.
EVES'-DROP-PER, 7i. One who stands under the eaves to
listen privatelv. See Eaves-dropper.
tE-VES'TI-GATE, v.t. See Investigate.
EVET. See Eft.
t E-Vi'BRATE. See Vibrate.
E-VICT', V. t. [L. evinco, evictiim.] 1. To dispossess by a
judicial process, or course of legal proceedings ; to recover
lands or tenements by law. 2. To take away by sen-
tence of law. 3. To evince ; to prove ; [not used.]
E-YICT'ED, pp. Dispossessed by sentence of law ; recov-
ered by legal process.
E-VI€T'ING, ppr. Dispossessing by course of law.
E-VICTION, 71. 1. Dispossession by judicial sentence ;
the recovery of lands or tenements from another's posses-
sion by due course of law. 2. Proof; conclusive evi-
dence.
EV'I-DENCE, 71. [Fr., from L. evidentia.] 1. That which
elucidates, and enables the mind to see truth ; proof aris-
ing from our own perceptions by the senses, or from the
testimony of others, or from inductions of reason 2. Any
instrument or writing which contains proof. 3. A wit-
ness ; one who testifies to a fact.
EV'I-DENCE, V. t. To elucidate ; to prove ; to make clecir
to the mind ; to show.
EV'I-DENCED, pp. Made clear to the mind; proved.
EV'I-DEN-CING, ppr. Proving clearly ; manifesting.
EVI-DENT, a. Plain; open to be seen ; clear to the men ■
tal eye ; apparent ; manifest.
EV-I-DEN'TIAL, a. AflTording evidence; clearly proving.
Scott.
EVI-DENT-LY, adv. Clearly ; obviously ; plainly ; in a
manner to be seen and understood ; in a manner to con-
vince the mind ; certainly ; manifestly.
E-VI6-I-La'TION, n. [L. evigilatio.] A waking.
E'VIL, (e'vl) a. [Sax. ej'el, yfel.] 1. Having bad qualities
of a natural kind ; mischievous ; having qualities which
tend to injury, or to produce mischief. 2. Having bad
qualities of a moral kind ; wicked ; cornipt ; perverse ;
wrong. 3. Unfortunate ; unhappy ; producing sorrow,
_ distress, injury or calamity.
E'VIL, 74. 1. Evil is natural or moral. — J\''atural evil ia
any thing which produces pain, distress, loss or calami-
ty, or which in any way disturbs the peace, impairs
the happiness, or destroys the perfection of natural be-
ings. — Moral evil is any deviation of a moral agent from
the rules of conduct prescribed to him by God, or by legit-
imate Imman authority. 2. Misfortune; mischief; in-
jury. 3. Depravity ; con'uption of heart, or disposition to
commit wickedness ; malignity. 4. Mfilady ; as the hinges
_ evil, or scrofula.
E'VIL, adv. [generally contracted to ill.] 1. Not well;
not with justice or propriety ; unsuitably. 2. Not virtu-
ously ; not innocently. 3. Not happily ; unfortunately.
_ Deut. 4, Injuriously ; not kindly.
E'VEL-AF-FECT'ED, a. Not well disposed ; unkind.
E'VIL-DC'ER, n. One who does evil ; one who commita
_ sin, crime or any moral wrong.
E'VIL-EyED, a. Looking with an evil eye, or with envy,
_ jealousy or bad design.
E'VIL-Fa'VORED, a. Having a bad countenance or exter-
nal appearance ; ill-favored.
E'VIL-Fa'VORED-NESS, 71. Deformity. Deut.
E'VIL-LY, adv. Not well. -[Little used.) Bp. Taylor.
E'VIL-MlI\^D'ED, a. Having evil dispositions or intentions ;
disposed to mischief or sin ; malicious ; malignant ;
_ wicked.
E'VIL-NESS, 71. Badness ; \iciousness ; malignity.
E'VIL-SPeAK'ING, 71. Slander; defamation; calumny;
censoriousness.
E'VIL-W7SH'ING, a. Wishing harm to. Sidney.
E'VIL-WoRK'ER, 71. One who does wickedness.
E-VINCE', (e-vins') v. t. [L. evinco.] 1. To show in a
clear manner; to prove beyoi>d any reasonable doubt; to
manifest ; to make evident. 2. To' conquer ; [not in use.]
E-VINCE', V. i. To prove. Bp. Hall.
E-VIN'CED, (e-vinsf) pp. Made evident ; proved.
E-VIN'CI-BLE, a. Capable of proof; demonstrable.
E-AT:N'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner to force conviction.
E-VIN CIVE, a. Tending to prove ; having the power to
demonstrate.
fE'VI-RATE, or EVI-RATE, v. t. [L. eviratus.] To
emasculate.
EV-I-Ra'TION, n. Castration. Cockeram.
E-VIS'CER-ATE, v. t. [L. eviscero.] To embowel or dis-
embowel ; to take out the entrails ; to search the bowels.
E-VIS CER-A-TED, pp. Deprived of the bowels.
E-VIS'CER-A-TING, ppr. Disemboweling.
EV'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. evitaUlis.] That may be shunned ,
avoidable. [Littleused.] Hooker.
EVI-TATE, V. t. [L. evito.] To shun; to avoid; to
escape. [Little tised.] Shak.
EV-I-Ta TION, 77. An avoiding ; a shunning. Bacon.
t E-VlTE', V. t. [L. evito.] To shun. Drayton.
EV-I-TER'NAL, a. [L. (Bviternus.] Eternal in a limited
sense ; of duration not infinitely but indefinitelv long.
EV-I-TER'NI-TY, 71. Duration not infinitely but indefi-
nitely long.
EV'O-CATE, or E-VoKE', v. t. [L. evoro.] 1. To call
forth. 2. To call from one tribunal to another ; to remove.
EV-O-Ca'TION, 71. A callmg forth ; a calling from one tri-
bunal tp another.
EV-0-La'TION, n. [L. evolo.] The act of flying away
Bp. Hall.
EVO-LUTE, 71. An original curve from which another
curve is described ; the origin of the evolvent.
EV-0-LU'TION, n. fL. evohitio.] 1. The act of unfold-
ing. 9. A series of things unrolled or unfolded. 3. Jn
geometry, the unfolding or opening of a curve, and maK-
ing it describe an evolvent. — 4. In algebra, evolution is
the extraction of roots from powers ; the reverse of invo-
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, ?, long.— FiLR, FALL, WHAT-;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
EXA
313
EXA
tution.r-5. In military tactics, the doubling of ranks or
files, wheeling, countermarching, or other motion by
which the disposition of troops is changed.
Ji-VOLVE', (e-volv') v. t. [L. evolvo.] 1. To unfold; to
open and expand. 2. To throw out ; to emit.
i:-VOLVE', v.i. To open itself; to disclose itself,
E-VOLVED, (e-volvd') pp. Unfolded ; opened ; expanded ;
emitted.
E-VOLV'ENT, n. In geometry, a curve formed by the evo-
lution of another curve.
E-VOLV'ING, ppr Unfolding; expanding; emitting.
EV-0-Ml'''TION, 71. A vomiting. Swift.
E-VUL'GATE, v. t. [L. emdgo.] To spread abroad.
tEV-UL-GATI0N,7i. A divulging.
E-VUL'SION, 7u [Ij. evulsio.] The act of plucking or pull-
ing out by force. Brown.
EWE, (yu) n. [Sax. eotca, eotoe.] A female sheep ; the fe-
male of the ovine race of animals.
EVVER, (yu'er) 7i. [Sax. huer, or hwer.] A kind of pitcher,
used to bring water for washing the hands.
EVV'RY, (yu'ry) n. In England, an office in the king's
household, where they take care of the linen for the
king's table, lay the cloth, and serve up water in ewers
after dinner.
EX. A Latin preposition or prefix, Greek £^ or ek, signifying
out of, out, proceeding from. Hence, in composition, it
signifies sometimes out of, as in exclude ; sometimes off,
from or out, as in L. excindo, to cut off or out ; sometimes
beyond, as in excess, excel. In some words it is merely
emphatical ; in others it has little effect on the significa-
tion.
* EX-A-CERB'ATE, v. t. [L. exacerbo.] 1. To irritate ; to
exasperate ; to inflame angry passions ; to imbitter ; to in-
crease malignant qualities. 2. To iwcrease the violence
of a disease.
EX-AC-ER-Ba'TION, 71. 1. The act of exasperating ; the
irritation of angry or malignant passions or qualities ; in-
crease of malignity. — ^2. Among physicians, the increased
violence of a disease ; a paroxysm. 3. Increased severity.
EX-AC-ER-BES'CENCE, 71. [L. exacerbesco.] Increase of
irritation or violence of a fever or disease.
EX-AC-ER-Va'TION, 71. I'L.acervus.] The act of heapmg
up. Diet.
EX-A€T', (egz-akf) a. [L. exactus.] 1. Closely correct or
regular ; nice ; accurate ; conformed to rule. 2. Precise ;
not different in the least. 3. Methodical ; carefHl ; not
negligent ; correct ; observing strict method, rule or order.
4. Punctual. 5. Strict.
EX- ACT, (egz-akt') v. t. [L. exigo, exactiim.] 1. To
force or compel to pay or yield ; to demand or require au-
thoritatively ; to extort by means of authority. 2. To de-
mand of right. 3. To demand of necessity ; to enforce a
yielding or compliance ; or to enjoin with pressing ur-
gency.
EX-A€T', V. i. To practice extortion.
EX-ACT'ED, pp. Demanded by authority ; extorted.
EX-AGT'ING, ppr. Demanding and compelluig ; requiring
authoritatively; extorting; compelling by necessity.
EX-A€'TION, n. 1. The act of demanding with authority,
and compelling to pay or yield ; authoritative demand ; a
levying or drawing from by force ; a driving to compli-
ance. 2. Extortion ; a wresting from one unjustly. 3.
That which is exacted ; tribute, fees, rewards or contribu-
tions demanded or levied with severity or injustice.
EX-A€T'I-TUDE, n. Exactness. [Little used.]
EX-ACT'LY, adv. I. Precisely according to rule or meas-
ure ; nicely ; accurately. 2. Precisely according to fact.
3. Precisely according to principle, justice or right.
EX-A€T'NE3S, n. 1. Accuracy ; nicety ; precision. 2.
Regularity ; careful conformity to law or rules of proprie-
ty. 3. Careful observance of method and conformitv to
truth.
EX-A€T'OR, n. 1. One who exacts ; an officer who collects
tribute, taxes or customs. 2. An extortioner ; one who
compels another to pay more than is legal or reasonable.
3. He that demands by authority. 4. One who is unrea-
sonablv severe in his demands. Tillotson.
EX-A€T'RES3, n. A female who exacts. B. Jonson.
t EX-A€'U-ATE, v. t. [L. exacuo.] To Avhet or sharpen.
EX-A€-U-A'TION, ?!. Whetting or sharpenmg. Cockeram.
EX-AG'6ER-ATE, v. t. [L. exaggero.] 1. To heap on ;
to accumulate. 2. To heighten ; to enlarge beyorid the
truth ; to amplify ; to represent as greater than strict truth
will warrant. — 3. In painting, to heighten in coloring or
design.
EX-AG'6ER-A-TED, pp. Enlarged beyond the truth.
EX-AG'6ER-A-TING, ppr. Enlarging or amplifying be-
yond the truth.
EX-AG-GER-A'TION, n. 1. A heaping together; heap;
accumulation ; [little u,sed.] — 'H. In rhetoric, amplifica-
tion ; a representation of things beyond the truth ; hyper-
bolical representation, whether of good or evil. — 3. In
paint'inff, a method of giving a representation of things
too strong for the life.
EX-AG'GER-A-TO-R,Y, a. Containing exaggeration -
t EX-AG'I-TATE, r. t. [L. exao-ito.] To shake; to agitate;
to reproach. Arbuthnot.
EX-ALT', (egz-olf) v. t. [Fr. exalter.] 1. To raise high ,
to elevate. 2. To elevate in power, wealth, rank or dig
nity. 3. To elevate with joy or confidence. 4. To raise
with pride ; to make undue pretensions to power, rank or
estimation ; to elevate too high, or above others. 5. To el-
evate in estimation and praise ; to magnify ; to praise ; to
extol. 6. To raise, as the voice ; to raise in opposition.
7. To elevate in diction or sentiment; to make srblime.
— 8. In physics, to e\e\3.X.e; to purify ; to subtilize; to re-
fine.
EX-AL-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of raising high. 2. Ele-
vation to power, office, rank, dignity or excellence. 3.
Elevated state ; state of greatness or dignity. — 4. In phar-
macy, the refinement or subtilization of bodies or their
qualities and virtues, or the increase of their strength. —
5. In astrology, the dignity of a planet in which its pow-
ers are increased.
EX-ALT'ED, pp. and a. Raised to a lofty height ; ele/ated ;
honored with office or rank ; extolled ; magnified ; refin-
ed ; dignified ; sublime.
EX-ALT'ED-NESS, 71. 1, The state of being elevated.
2. Conceited dignity or greatness.
EX-AIiT'ER, 77. One who exalts or raises to dignity.
EX-AlT'ING, ppr. Elevating ; raising to an eminent sta-
tion ; praising; extolling; magnifying; refining.
EX-A'M£N, (egz-a'men) n. [L. examen.] Examination;
disquisition ; inquiiy. [Little used.] Brown.
EX-AM'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be examined ; proper for
judicial examination or inquiry.
EX-AM'I-NANT, 7i. One who is to be examined.
EX-AM'I-NATE, 7i. The person examined. Bacon.
EX-AM-I-Na'TION, 7*. [L. examinatio.] 1. The act of
examining ; a careful search or inquiry, with a view to
discover truth or the rea> state of things ; careful and ac-
curate inspection of a thing and its parts. 2. Mental in-
quiry ; disquisition ; careful consideration of the circum-
stances or facts which relate to a subject or question. 3.
Trial by a rule or law. — 4. In judicial proceedings, a care-
ful inquiry into facts by testimony.— 5. In seminaries of
learning, an inquiry into the acquisitions of the students.
— 6. In chemistry and other sciences, a searching for the
rature and qualities of substances by experiments.
fEX-AM'I-NA-TOIl, 7!. An examiner. Brown.
EX-AM'iNE, (egz-am'in) v. t. [L. examine.] 1. To in-
spect carefully, with a view to discover truth or the leal
state of a thing. 2. To search or inquire into facts and
circumstances by interrogating. 3. To look into the state
of a subject; to view in all its aspects; to weigh aigii-
ments and compare facts, with a view to form a correct
opinion or judgment. 4. To inquire into the improve-
ments or qualifications of students, by interrogatories,
proposing problems, or bj' hearing their recitals. 5. To
try or assay by experiments. 6. To try by a rule or law.
7. /;i general, to search ; to scrutinize ; to explore, with a
view to discover truth.
EX-AMTNED, pp. Inquired into ; searched ; inspected ;
interrogated ; tried by experiment.
EX-AM'IN-ER, n. 1. One who examines, tries or inspects ;
one who interrogates a witness or an offender. — 2. In
chancery, in Great Britain, the examiners are two offi-
cers of tliat court, who examine, on oath, the witnesses
for the parties.
EX-AM'IN-ING, ppr. Inspecting carefully ; searching or
inquiring into ; interrogating ; trying or assaying by ex-
periment.
EX'AM-PLA-RY, a. Serving for example ; proposed for
imitation. [It is now written exemplary.] Hooker.
EX-Aai'PLE, (egz-am'pl) n. [L. exemplum.] 1. A pat-
tern ; a copy ; a model ; that which is proposed to be imi-
tated. 2. A pattern, in morals or manners; a copy or
model. 3. Precedent; a former instance. 4. Precedent
or former instance, in a bad sense, intended for caistion.
5. A person fit to be proposed for a pattern ; one whose
conduct is worthy of imitation. 6. Precedent which dis-
poses to imitation. 7. Instance serving for illustration of a
rule or precept ; or a particular case or proposition illustrat-
ing a general rule, position or truth. — 8. In logic or rheto-
ric, the conclusion of one singular point from another ; an
induction of what may happen from what has happened.
t EX-AM'PLE, V. t. To exemplify ; to set an example.
t EX-AM'PLE-LESS, a. Having no example. B. Johnson.
EX-AM'PLER, 71. A pattern ; now sample or sampler.
t EX-AN'GUI-OUS, a. Having no blood. See Exsanguious.
EX-AN'I-MATE, (egz-an'e-mate) a. [L. exanimatus.]
Lifeless ; spiritless ; disheartened ; depressed in spirits
EX-AN'I-MATE, v. t. To dishearten ; to discourage.
EX-AN-I-Ma'TION, n. Deprivation of life or of spirits.
EX-AJV'I-MOUS, a. [L. exanimis.] Lifeless; dead.
EX-AN'THE-MA, 71. ; pZtt. Exanthem'ata. Among ;>57/
sicians, eruption ; a breaking cut ; pustules, petechias o»-
vibices ; any efflorescence on the skin.
• Ses Sijnopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
EXC
314
EXC
KX-AN-THE-MAT'IGj ) a. Eruptive ; efflorescent ; not-
EX- AN-THEJM' A-TOUS, j ing morbid redness of the skiu.
t EX-ANT'LATE, v. t [L. exantlo.] To draw out.
fEX-ANT-LA'TION, n. The act of drawing out.
EX-AR-A'TION, 71. [L. exaro.] The act of writuig.
EX'AE€H, n. [Gr. apX^'S'] A prefect or governor under
the eastern emperors. Also, a deputy or legate in the
Greek church.
EX'AR-€H ATE, n. The office, dignity or administration of
an exarch. Taylor.
EX-AR-Tie-U-LA'TION, n. Dislocation of a joint.
EX-XS'PER-ATE, v. t. [L. exaspero.] 1. To anger ; to
irritate to a high degree ; to provoke to rage ; to enrage ; to
excite anger, or to inflame it to an extreme degree. 2. To
aggravate ; to tmbitter. 3. To augment violence ; to in-
crease malignity ; to exacerbate.
EX-aS'PER-ATE, a. Provoked ; imbittered ; inflamed.
EX-AS PER-A-TED, pj?. Highly angered or irritated ; pro-
voked ; enraged ; imbittered.
EX-AS'PER-A-TER, n. One who exasperates or inflames
anger, enmitv or violence.
EX-aS'PER-A-TING, ppr. Exciting keen resentment j
irtiamiiig anger ; irritating ; increasing violence.
EX-aS-PER-a'TION, n. 1. Irritation 5 the act of exciting
V ioient auger ; provocation. 2. Extreme degree of anger ;
violent passion. 3. Increase of violence or malignity ;
EX-AU€'T0-RATE, I V. t. [L. exauctoro.l To dismiss
EX-AU'THO-RATE, \ from service ; to deprive of a
benefice.
EX-AU€-TO-Ra'TION, ) 71. Dismission from service ; de-
EX-AU-THO-Ra'TiON, ) privation ; degradation.
EX-AU'THO-RiZE, v. t. To deprive of authority.
EX-€AL'CE-A-TEI), a. [L. excalceo.] Deprived of shoes ;
unshod ; barefooted.
EX-€AN-DES'CENCE, 71. [L. excandescentia.] 1. A grow-
ing hot j or a white heat ; glowing heat. 2. Heat of
passion 5 violent anger ; or a growing angry.
EX-€AN-DES'CENT, a. White with heat.
EX-€AN-TA'TION, n. [L. excanto,] Disenchantment by
a countercharm. [Little iised.]
EX-€AR'NATE, v. t. [L. ex and caro.'] To deprive or clear
ofrlesh. Grew.
EX-eAR-NI-FI-€A'TION, n. [L. excarnijico.] The act
of cutting off fles>h, or of depriving of flesh.
EX€A-VATE, v. t. [L. excavo.] To hollow; to cut,
scoop, dig or wear out the inner part of any thing, and
make it hollow.
EX'eA-VA-TED, pp. Hollowed ; made hollow.
BX'€A-YA-TING, ppr. Makmg hollow.
EX-€A-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of making hollow. 2. A
hollow or a cavity formed by removing the interior sub-
stance.
EX'eA-VA-TOR, 71. One who excavates.
t EX-€aVE', v. t. To hoUow. Cockeram.
t EX'CE-€ATE, v. t. [L. excsco.] To make blind.
EX-CE-Ca'TION, n. The act of making blind.
EX-Ce'DENT, n. Excess. [JVbt authorized.]
EX-CEED', v. t. [L. exccdo.] 1. To pass or go beyond; to
proceed beyond any given or supposed limit, measure or
quantity, or beyond any thing else. 2. To surpass ; to
excel.
EX-CEED', V. i. 1. To go too far ; to pass the proper bounds ;
to go over any given limit, number or measure. 2. To
bear the greater proportion ; to be more or larger.
EX-CEED' A-BLE, a. That may sunnount or exceed.
EX-CEED'ED, pj?. Excelled; surpassed; outdone.
EX-CEED'ERj n. One who exceeds or passes the bounds of
fitness. Montagu.
EX-CEED'ING, ppr. 1. Going beyond ; surpassing ; excel-
ling ; outdoing. 2. a. Great in extent, quantity or dura-
tion. 3. adv.~In a very great degree ; unusually.
EX-CEEDING, n. Excess ; superfluity. Smollett.
EX-CEED'ING-LY, adv. To a very great degree ; in a de-
gree bevond what is usual ; greatly ; very much.
tEX-CEED'ING-NESS, n. Greatness in quantity, extent,
- or duration.
EX-CEL', V. t. [L. excello.] 1. To go beyond ; to exceed ;
to surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds ; to outdo.
2 To exceed or go beyond in bad qualities or deeds. 3.
To cx-.-^ed ; to surpass.
EX-CEL', V. i. To have good qualities, or to perform meri-
torious actions, in an unusual degree'; to be eminent, il-
lustrious or distinguished.
EX-CELLED, (ek-seld') pp. Surpassed ; outdone,
EX CEL-LENCE, ) n. [Fr. ; L. excellentia.] 1. The state of
EXCEL-LEN-CY, i possessing good qualities in an un-
usual or eminent degree ; the state of excelling in any
thing. 2. Any valuable quality ; any thing higlily
laudable, meritorious or virtuous, in peisons, or valuable
and esteemed, in things. 3. Dignity ; high rank in the
scale of beings. 4. A title of honor formerly given to
kings and emperors, now given to embassadors, govern-
ors, and other persons, below the rank of kings.
EX'CEL-EENT, a. 1. Being of great virtue or worth enrt'
nent or distinguished for what is amiable, valuable or laud-
able. 2. Being of great value or use, applUed to things ;
remarkable for good proi)erties. 3. Distinguished for su-
perior attainments. 4. Consummate; complete.
EX'CEL-LENT-LY, adv. In an excellent manner; well
m a high degree ; in an eminent degree.
EX-CEPT', V. t. [Fr. excepter.] 1. T« take or leave out of
any number specified ; to exclude. 2. To take or leave out
any particular or particulars, from a general description
EX-CEPT', V. i. To object ; to make objection.
EX-CEPT', pp. [contracted from excepted.] Taken out ; not
included. All were involved in this aflair, except one,
that is, one excepted, tlie case absolute, or independent
clause. It is equivalent to without, unless, and denotes
exclusion. — Except and excepting are commonly, though
incorrectly, classed among prepositions.
EX-CEPTih.D,pp. See Except.
EX-CEPT'IjVG, ;;]?r. 1. Taking or leaving out; excluding
2. This word is also used in the sense of except, as above
explained. The prisoners were all condemned, excepting
three.
EX-CEFTION, 11. 1. The act of excepting, or excluding
from a number designated, or from a description ; exclu-
sion. 2. Exclusion from what is comprehended in a gen-
eral rule or proposition. 3. That which is excepted, ex-
cluded, or separated from others in a general description ,
the person or thmg specified as distinct or not included.
4. An objection ; that which is or may be offered in oppo-
sition to a rule, proposition, statement or allegation ; with
to. 5. Objection with dislike ; offense ; slight anger or
resentment.— 6. In law, the denial of what is alledged and
considered as valid by the other party, either in point of
law or in pleading. 7. A saving clause in a writing.—
Bill of exceptions, in law, is a statement of exceptions to
evidence.
EX-CEP'TIOX-A-BLE, a. Liable to objection.
EX-CEP'TION-ER, n. One who makes objections. Mlton
EX-CEP'TIOaS, a. Peevish ; disposed or apt to cavil.
EX-CEP'TIOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to cavil.
EX-CEPT'IVE, a. 1. Including an exception. Watts. 2
Making or being an exception. Milton.
tEX-CEPT'LESS, a. Omitting all exception. Shak.
EX-CEPT'OR, 71. One who objects, or makes exceptions.
EX-CERX', V. t. [L. excerno.] To separate and emit
through the pores, or through small passages of the body ;
to strain out ; to excrete.
EX-CERN'ED, (ek-sernd') pp. Separated ; excreted ; emit-
ted through the capillary vessels of the body.
EX-CERN'ING,pjjr. Emitting through the small passages;
excreting.
EX-CERP', ?•. t. [L. excerpo.] To pick out. [Little used.']
t EX-CERPT', V. t. [L. excerpo.] To select. Barnard.
EX-CERP'TION, 71. [L. excerptio.] 1. A picking out; a
gleaniiiir ; selection. 2. That which is selected.
EX-CERF'TOR, 72. A picker ; a culler. Barnard.
EX-CERPTS', 7(. Extracts from authors. [A bad word.]
EX-CESS', 7i. [L. excessu^.] 1. Superfluity ; that which is
beyond necessity or wants. 2. That which is beyond
tlie common measure, proportion, or due quantity, 3. Su-
perabundance of any thing. 4. Any transgression of due
limits. — 5. In morals, any indulgence of appetite, passion
or exertion, beyond the rules of God's word, or beyond
any rule of propriety ; intemperance. — 6. In arithmetic
and geometry, the difference between any two unequEil
numbers or quantities.
EX-CESS'IVE, a. 1. Beyond any given degree, measure or
lunit, or bej ond the common measure or proportion. 2.
Beyond the established laws of morality and religion, or
beyond the bounds of justice, fitness, propriety, expedi-
ence or utility. 3. Extravagant ; unreasonable. 4. Ve-
hement ; violent.
EX-CESS'IVE-LY, adv. 1. In an extreme degree; beyond
measure ; exceedingly, 2. Vehemently ; violently.
EX-CESS'IVE-jS'ESS, n. The state or quality of being ex-
cessive ; excess.
EX-CHaN6E', v.t. [Fr. echanger.] 1. In commerce, to
give one thing or commodity for another ; to barter. 2,
To lay aside, quit or resign one thing, state or condition,
and take another in the place of it. 3. To give and re-
ceive reciprocally : to give and receive in compensation
the same thing, 4. To give and receive the like thing.
EX-CHaN6E', ;i. ]. In commerce, the act of giving one
thing or commodity for another ; barter ; traffick by per-
mutation, in which the thing received is supposed to be
equivalent to the thing given. 2. The act of giving up or
resigning one thing or state for another, without contract.
3. The act of giving and receiving reciprocally. 4. The
contract by which one commodity is transferred to another
for an equivalent commodity. 5. The thing given in re-
turn for something received, or the thing received in re-
turn for what is given. 6. The form of exchanging one
debt or credit for another ; or the receiving or paying of
money in one place, for an equal sum in another, by order,
* See Sipiopsis. 5, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WH^T j— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
EXC
315
EXC
draft or bill of exchange. — 7. In mercantile langtuige,
a bill drawn for money is called exchange, instead of a bill
of exchange. 8. The course of exchange is the current
price between two places, which is above or below par,
or at par.— 9. In laic, a mutual grant of equal interests,
the one in consideration of the other. 10. The place
where the merchants, brokers and bankers of a city meet
lo transact business, at certain hours ; often contracted
into change.
EX-CHaNSE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of be-
ing exchangeable. Washington.
EX-€HaN6E'A-BLE, a. That may be exchanged ; capable,
fit, orproper to be exchanged. .Marshall.
EX-CHAiV6'EI), (ex-chanjd') pp. Given or received for
something else ; bartered.
EI\:-CHaXO'ER, 71. One who exchanges ; one who practices
excliange
EX-CHaN6'ING, ppr. Giving and receiving one commod-
ity for another j giving and receiving mutually ; laying
aside or relinquishmg one thing or state for another.
EX-CHEa'UER, (ex-chek'er) 7!. [Fr. echiquier.] In Eng-
land, an ancient court of record, intended principally
to collect and superintend the king's debts and duties or
revenues. — Exchequer Mils, in England, bills for money,
or promissory bills, issued from the exchequer.
GX-CHEQ.'UER, v. t. To institute a process against a per-
son in the court of exchequer. Pegge.
EX-ClS'A-BLE, a. Liable or subject to excise.
EX-ClSE', n. [L. excisum.^ An inland duty or impost,
laid on commodities consumed, or on the retail, which is
thej^ast stage before consumption.
EX-CiSE', V. t. To lay or impose a duty on articles con-
sumed.
EX-CiS'ED, (ek-sizd') pp. Charged with the duty of excise.
EX-ClSE'M.AN^, n. An officer who inspects commodities,
andjates the excise duty on them. Johnson.
EX-ClS'ING, ppr. Imposing the duty of excise.
EX-CIS'ION, 71. [L. excisio^ I. In surgery, a cutting out or
cutting off any part of the body ; amputation. 2. The cut-
ting offofa person from his people; extirpation; destruction.
EX-CI-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of
excitement; susceptibility of increased vital action.
EX-ClT'A-BLE, a. Capable of being excited.
EX-ClT'ANT, n. That which produces or may produce in-
creased action in a living body ; a stimulant.
tEX'CI-TATE, 7j. t. To excite. Bacon.
EX-CI-Ta'TION, 71. The act of exciting or putting in mo-
tion ; the act of rousing or awakening.
EX-CIT'A-TlVE, a. Having power to excite. Barrow.
EX-ClT'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to excite. Miller.
EX-ClTE', V. t. [L. excito.'] 1. To rouse ; to call into ac-
tion ; to animate ; to stir up ; to cause to act. 2. To stim-
ulate ; to give new or increased action to. 3. To raise ;
to create ; to put in motion. 4. To rouse ; to inflame.
EX-ClT'ED, pp. Roused ; awakened ; animated ; put in mo-
tion ; stimulated ; inflamed.
EX-CiTEMEXT, n. 1. The act of exciting ; stimulation.
2. The state of being roused into action. 3. Agitation ;
a state of being roused into action. 4. That which ex-
cites or rouses ; that which moves, stirs, or induces ac-
tion ; a motive. Shak.
EX-CIT'ER, 71. 1. He or that which excites ; he that puts
ill motion, or the cause which awakeni and moves. — 2. In
medicine, a stimulant.
EX-CIT'ING, ppr. Calling or rousing into action ; stimulat-
ing.
EX-CIT'ING, n. Excitation. Herbert.
EX-€LaIM', v. i. [L. exclamo.] 1. To utter the voice
with vehemence ; to cry out ; to make a loud outcry in
words. 2. To declare with loud vociferation.
t EX-€LaIM', 71. Clamor ; outcry. Shak.
EX-€LaIM'ER, n. One who cries out with vehemence;
one who speaks with passion or much noise.
Ea-CLaIM1XG, ppr. Crying out ; vociferating.
EX-€LA-MaTION, 7). 1. Outcry; noLsy talk; clamor. 2.
Vehement vociferation. 3. Emphatical utterance; a ve-
hement extension or elevation of voice ; ecphonesis. 4.
A note by which emphatical utterance or outcry is mark-
ed : thus, ! — 5. In grammar, a word expressing outcry ; an
jnterjection ; a word expressing some passion, as wonder,
fear or grief.
EX-CLAM A-TO-RY, a. 1. Using exclamation. 2. Con-
taininj; or expressing exclamation.
EX-€LrDE', V. t. [L. excludo.] Properly, to thrust out
or eject ; but used' as synonymous with preclude. 1. To
thrust out ; to eject. 2. To hinder from entering or ad-
mission ; to shut out. 3. To debar ; to hinder from par-
ticipation or enjoyment. 4. To except.
EX-€LuD ED, pp. Thrust out ; shut out ; hindered or pro-
hibited from entrance or admission ; debarred.
EX-€LuDING, ppr. Ejecting; hindering from entering;
debarring ; not comprehending.
EX-€LU SION, n. 1. The act of excluding ; ejection. 2.
The act of denying admission ; a shutting out. 3. The
act of debaning. 4. Rejection. 5. Exception. 6. Ejec-
tion.
EX-€LtJ'SION-IST, n. One who would preclude another
from some privilege. Fox.
EX-CLu'SIVE, a. 1. Having the power of preventing en-
trance. 2. Debarring from participation; possessed and
enjoyed to the exclusion of others, 3. Not taking into
the account ; not including or comprehending.
EX-€Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. 1. Without admission of others to
participation: withtlie exclusion of all others. 2. With-
out comprehension in ; not inclusively.
EX-€LU'S0-RY, a. Exclusive; excluding; able to ex-
clude. [Little used.] Walsh.
t EX-€0€T', V. t. [L. excoctus*] To boil. Bacon.
EX-€OG'I-TATE, v. t. [L. excogito.] To invent; \o strike
out by thinking ; to contrive. Hale.
EX-€06-I-Ta'TI0N, n. Invention ; contrivance ; the act
of devising in the thoughts.
EX-€OM'MIS-SA-RY, n. A commissary dismissed from
office ; one formerly a commissary.
tEX-€OM-MuNE', "J. «. To exclude. Gayton.
EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, a. Liable or deserving to be ex-
communicated. Hooker.
EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€ATE, v. t [L. ex and communico.'] To
expel from communion ; to eject from the communion of
the church.
EX-€0M-MU'NI-€ATE, n. One who is excluded from the
fellowship of the church ; one cut off from any advantage.
Carew.
EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TED, pp. ExpeUed or separated from
communion with a church.
EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TING,ppr. Expelling from the com
munion of a cnurch.
EX-€OM-MU-NI-€a'TION, 77. The act of ejecting from a
church ; expulsion from the communion of a church, and
deprivation of its rights, privileges and advantages.
EX-€o'RI-ATE, V. t. [Low L. excorio.] To flay ; to strip
or wear off the skin ; to abrade ; to gall ; to bresik and re-
move the cuticle.
EX-€o'RI-A-TED, pp. Flayed; galled; stripped of skin.
EX-€o'RI-A-TING,ppr. Flaying; galling; stripping of the
cuticle.
EX-€0-RI-A'TION, n. 1. The act of flaying, or the opera-
tion of wearing off the skin or cuticle ; a galling ; abra-
sion. 2. Plunder.
EX-€OR-TI-€a'TION, n. [L. ex and cortex.] The act o'^
stripping off bark. Coxe
EX'€RE-A-BLE, a. That may be discharged by spitting.
EX'CRE-ATE, v. t. [L. excreo.] To hawk and spit.
EX-€RE-A'TION, n. A spitting out.
EX'€RE-MENT, ?i. [L. excrementum.l Matter excreted and
ejected ; that which is discharged from the animal body
after disestion ; alvine discharges.
EX-€RE-MENT'AL, a. Excreted or ejected by the natural
passages of the body.
EX-CRE-MEN-Tl'TIAL, a. Pertaining to excrement.
EX-€RE-MEN-Ti''TIOUS, a. Pertaining to excrement ,
containing excrement. Harvey.
EX-CRES'CENCE, 71. [L. cxcrescens.] 1. In sMr^ery, a pre-
ternatural protuberance growing on any part of the body ;
a superfluous part. 2. Ajiy preternatural enlargement of
a plant, like a wart or tumor. 3. A preternatural produc-
tion.
EX-€RES'CENT, a. Growing out of something else, in a
preternatural manner ; superfluous.
EX-CReTE', v. t. [L. excretus.] To separate and throw
off; to discharge.
EX-€Re'TI0N,~7i. [L. excretio.] 1. A separation of some
fluid from the blood, by means of the glands ; a throwing
off or discharge of Euiimal fluids from the body. 2. That
which is excreted.
EX'€RE-TiVE, a. Having the power of separating and
ejecting fluid matter from the body.
EX'CRE-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of excreting or
throwing off excrementitious matter by the glands.
EX'€RE-TO-RY, 7i. A little duct or vessel, destined to re-
ceive secreted fluids, and to excrete them ; also, a secre-
tory vessel.
EX-€RU'CIA-BLE, a. Liable to torment.
EX-€RU'CIATE, v. t. [L. excnicio.] To torture ; to tor-
ment ; to inflict most severe pain on.
EX-€RU CIA-TED, pp. Tortured ; racked ; tormented.
EX-€RU'CIA-TING, ppr. 1. Torturing; tormenting; put-
ting to most severe pain. 2. a. Extremely painful ; dis-
tressing.
EX-€RU-CI-A'TION, 77. Torment; vexation. Feltham.
EX-€U-Ba'TION, 71. The act of watching all night.
EX-CUL'PATE, V. t. [It. scolpare ; L. ex and culpa.] To
clear by words from a charge or imputation of fault or
guilt ; to excuse.
EX-CUL'PA-BLE, a. Capable of being cleared from the
imputation of blame or fault. Sir G. Buck.
EX-€UL'PA-TED, pp. Cleared by words from the imputa-
tion of ftiult or guilt.
' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € aaK56asJ;SasZ;CHasSH;THasin this, t Obsolete.
EXE
316
EXE
£X-€L/L'PA-TJNG, ppr Clearing hy words from the charge
of fault or crime.
EX-eUL-PA'TION, n. The act of vindicating from a charge
of fault or crime ; excuse.
EX-€UL'PA-TO-RY, a. Able to clear from the charge of
fault or guilt ; excusing ; containing excuse.
EX-€UR'SION, n. [L. excursio.] 1. A rambling ; a deviat-
ing from a stated or settled path. 2. Progression beyond
fixed limits. 3. Digression ; a wandering from a subject
or main design. 4. An expedition or journey; any
rambling from a point or piacCj and return to the same
point or place.
EX-€UR'SIVE, a. Rambling ; wandering ; deviating.
EX-eUR'SIVE-LY, adv. In a wandering manner.
EX-t;UR'SIVE-NESS, n The act of wandering or of pass-
ing usual limits.
EX-€U'SA-BLE, a. 1. That may be excused ; pardonable.
2. Admitting of excuse or justification.
EX-€U'SA-BLE-NESS, w. The state of being excusable ;
pardonableness ; the quality of admitting of excuse.
EX-eU-SA'TION, 71. Excuse; apology. [Little used.]
EX-€U-Sa'TOR, n. One who makes an excuse.
EX-etJ'SA-TO-RY, a. Making excuse ; containing excuse
or apology ; apologetical.
EX-etJSE', «. t. [L. exciiso.] 1. To pardon; to free from the
imputation of fault or blame ; to acquit of guilt. 2. To par-
don, as a fault ; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little
censurable, and to overlook. 3. To free from an obliga-
tion or duty. 4. To remit ; not to exact. 5. To pardon ;
to admit an apology for. 6. To throw off an imputation
by apology. 7. To justify ; to vindicate.
EX-€tjSE', n. li A plea offered in extenuation of a fault or
irregular deportment ; apology. 2. The act of excusing
or apologizing. 3. That which excuses.
EX-€uSE'LESS, a. Having no excuse ; that for which no
excuse or apology can be offered. [Little used.]
EX-€uffi'ER, n. 1. One who offers excuses, or pleads for an-
othej. 2. One who excuses or forgives another.
TS,X-€\J&'ING,ppr. Acquitting of guilt or fault ; forgiving;
overlooking.
|EX-eUSS', v.t. [Tu. excussus.] To shake off; also, to
seize and detain by law.
t EX-eUS'SION, n. A seizing by law. .dyliffe.
EX-D[-RE€T'OR, n. One who has been a director, but is
displaced.
EX'E-eRA-BLE, a. [L. execrabilis.] Deserving to be cursed;
very hateful ; detestable ; abominable.
EX'E-€RA-BLY, adv. Cursedly ; detestably.
EX'E-€RATE, v. t. [L. execror.] 1. TocurSe ; to denounce
evil against, or to imprecate evil on. 2. To detest utterly ;
to abhor ; to abominate.
EX-E-CRa'TION, n. The act of cursing ; a curse pro-
nounced ; imprecation of evil ; detestation expressed.
EX'E-€RA-T0-RY, n. A formulary of execration.
EX-ECT , V, t. [L. execo.] To cut off or out.
EX-E€'T[ON, w. A cutting off or out. [Little used]
£X'E-€UTE, V. t. [Fr. executer.] 1 . To perform ; to do ; to
effect ; to carry into complete effect ; to complete ; to finish.
2. To inflict. 3. To carry into effect. 4. To carry into ef-
fect the law, or the judgment or sentence on a person ; to
indict capital punishment on ; to put to death. 5. To kill.
(3. To complete, as a legal instrument ; to perform what
is requii-ed to give validity to a writing, as by signhig and
sealing.
EX'Jil-eUTE, V. i. To perform the proper office.
EX'E-€TJ-TEp, pp. Done ; performed ; accomplished ; car-
ried into effect ; put to death.
EX'E-€U-TER, n. One v/ho performs or carries into ef-
fect.
EX'E-€U-TING, pipr. Doing; performing; finishing; ac-
complishing ; inflicting ; carrying into effect.
EX-Pu-€u'T10N, At. 1. Performance ; the act of completing
or accomplishing. — 2. In law, the carrying into effect a
sentence or judgment of court. 3. The instrument, war-
rant or official order, by which an officer is empowered tp
carry a judgment into effect. 4. The act of signing and
sea ing a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required
to render it a valid act. 5. The last act of the law in the
punishment of criminals ; capital punishment ; death in-
flicted accorduig to the forms of law. 6. Effect ; some-
thing done or accomplished. 7. Destruction; slaugh-
ter.
EX-E-€u'TION-ER, v. 1. One who executes ; one who
carries into effect a judgment of death ; one who inflicts
a capital punishment in pursuance of a legal warrant. 2.
lie that kills ; he that murders. 3. The instrument by
which any thing is performed.
EX-E€'U-TiVE, (egz-ek'u-tiv) c. Having the quality of
executing or performing.
EX-ECU-TlVE, n. The person who administers the gov-
ernment ; executive power or authority in government.
J. Quincy.
EX-ECU-TOR, n. The person appointed by a testator to
execute his will, or to see U carried into effect.
EX-E€-U-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an executor j elecil
tive.
EX-E€'U-TOR-SHIP, n. The office of an executor.
EX-E€'U-TO-RY, a. 1. Performing official duties.— 2. In
law, to be executed or carried into effect in future.
EX-EC'U-TRESS, ) n. A female executor ; a woman ap-
EX-EC U-TRIX, ) pointed by a testator to execute his
will.
EX-E-6e'SIS, n. [Gr. e^tjyriins.] 1. Exposition ; explana-
tion ; interpretation. 2. A discourse intended to explain
or illustrate a subject. Encyc.
EX-E-6ET'I-€AL, a. Explanatory ; tending to unfold or
illustrate ; expository. Walker.
EX-E-6ET 1-CAL-LY, adv. By Way of explanation.
EX-EM'PLAR, (egz-em'plar) n. 1. A model j original or
pattern, to be copied or imitated. 2. The idea or image ot
a thing,- formed in the mind of an artist, by which he con
ducts his work ; the ideal model which he attempts to ira
itate.
* EX'EM-PLA-RI LY, adv. 1. In a manner to deserve imita-
tion ; in a worthy or excellent manner. 2. In a manner
that may warn others, by way of terror; in such a man-
ner that others may be cautioned to avoid an evil.
*EXiEM-PLA-RI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being a
pattern for imitation.
fEX-EM-PLAR'I-TY, n. A pattern worthy of imitation ;
goodness.
* EX'EM-PLA-RY, «. 1. Serving for a pattern or model for
imitation ; worthy of imitation. 2. Such as may serve for
a warning to others ; such as may deter from crimes or
vices. 3. Such as may attract notice and imitation. 4
Illustrating.
*j EX'EM-PLA-RY, n. [Fr. exemplaire.] A copy of a book or
writing. Donne.
EX-EM-PLI-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of exemplifying ;
a showing or illustrating by example. 2. A copy ; a
transcript ; an attested copy.
EX-EM'PLI-FlED,pp. Illustrated by example or copy.
EX-EM'PLI-FI-ER, n. One that exemplifies.
EX-EM'PLI-F-J, (egz-era'ple-fi) v. t. [Low L. exemplo,]
I. To show or illustrate by example. 2. To copy ; to
transcribe ; to take an attested copy. 3. To prove or show
by an attested copy.
EX-EM'PLI-FY-ING, ppr. lUilstrating by example ; tran-'
scribing ; taking an attested copy ; proving by an attested
copy.
EX-EMPT', (egz-emf) v. t. [Fr. exempter.] To free, or per-
mit to be free, from any charge, burden, restraint, duty,
evil or requisition, to which others are subject ; to privi-
lege ; to grant immunity from.
EX-EMPT', a, 1. Free from any service, charge, burden,
tax, duty, evil or requisition, to which others are subject ;
not subject ; not liable to. 2. Free by privilege. 3. Free ;
clear; not included. 4. Cut off" from; [obs.]
EXEMPT', 7) . One who is exempted or freed from duty ;
one not subject.
EX-EMPT'ED, pp. Freed from charge, duty, tax or evils,
to which others are subject ; privileged.
t EX-EMPT'I-BLE, a. Free; privileged.
JEX-EMPT'ING, ppr. Freeing from charge, duty, tax or
evil ; granting immunity to.
EX-EMP'TION, n. 1. The act of exempting ; the state of
being exempt. 2. Freedom from any service, charge,
burden, tax, evil or requisition, to which others are sub-
ject ; immunity ; privilege.
tEX-EMP-Ti"TIOUS, a. Separable ; that may be taken from.
EX-EN'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. exentero.] To take out the
bowels or entrails ; to embowel. Brown.
EX-EN-TER-a'TION, w. The act of taking out the bowels.
EX-E-Q,[Ja'TUR, n. [L.] A written recognition of a per-
son in the character of consul or commercial agent.
EX-E'Q,UI-AL, a. [L. exequialis.] Pertaining to funerals.
EX'E-Q-UIES, n. plu. [L. exequies.] Funeral rites; the
ceremonies of burial ; ftineral procession.
EX-ER'CENT, a. [L. exercens.] Using; practising; fol-
lowing. [Little used.] Aylnffe.
EX ER-ClS-A-BLE, a. That may be exercised.
EX'ER-ClSE, n. [L. excrcitium.] 1, Use ; practice ; the ex-
ertions and movements customary in tlie performance of
business. 2. Practice ; performance. 3. Use ; employ-
ment ; exertion. 4. Exertion of the body, as conducive
to health ; action ; motion, by labor, walking, riding, or
other exertion , 5. Exertion of the body ; the habitual use
of the limbs. 6. Exertion of the body and mind or facul-
ties for improvement. 7. Use or practice to acquire skill ;
preparatory practice. 8. Exertion of the mind ; applica-
tion of the mental powers. 9. Task ; that which is ap-
pointed for one to perform . 10. Act of divine worship.
II . A lesson or example for practice.
EX'ER-ClSE, V. t. [L. exerceo.] 1. In a general sense, to
move ; to exert ; to cause to act, in any manner. 2. To
use ; to exert. 3. To use for improvement in skill. 4.
To exert one's powers or strength ; to practice habitually,
5. To practice ; to perform the duties ojf. 6. To train to
Hee Synopsis. A, E, T, o, X5, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
EXH
ol7
EXI
use ; to discipline. 7. To task ; to keep employed ; to
use efforts. 8. To use ; to employ. 9. To busy ; to keep
busy in action, exertion or employment. 10. To pain or
afflict ; to give anxiety to ; to make uneasy.
EX'ER-ClSE, V. i. To use action or exertion.
EX'ER-ClSED, pp. Exerted ; used ; trained ; disciplined ;
employed ; practised ; pained 5 afflicted ; rendered un-
easy.
EX'ER-CiS-ER, n. One who exercises.
EX'ER-CTS-ING,2>^r. Exerting; using; employing; train-
ing ; practicing.
EX-ER-CI-Ta'TION, n. [L, exercitatio.] Exercise ; prac-
tice ; use. Brown.
EX-ERGUE', (egz-erg') n. [Gr. 4 and t^iyov.'] A little space
around or without the figures of a medal, left for the in-
scription, cipher, device, date, &c.
EX-ERT', (egz-«rt') v. t. [L. exeroJ 1. Literally, to thrust
forth ; to emit; to push out. 2. To bring out"; to cause
to come forth ; to produce. 3. To put or thrust forth, as
strength, force or ability ; to strain ; to put in action ; to
bring into active operation 4. To put forth ; to do or
perform. South.
EX-ERT'ED, pp. Thrust or pushed forth ; put in action.
EX-ERT'ING, ppr. Putting forth ; putting in action.
EX-ER'TION, 71. The act of exerting or straining ; tlie act of
putting into motion or action ; effort ; a striving or strug-
gling-
EX-E SION, n. [L. exesus.] The act of eating out or
through. [Little med.] Brown.
EX-ES-TU-a'TION, n. [L. exwstuatio.'] A boiling ; ebul-
lition ; agitation caused by heat ; effervescence.
EX-Fo'LI-ATE, v. i. [L. exfolio.] In surgery and mineral-
ogy, to separate and come off in scales ; to scale off.
EX-Fo'LI-A-TED, pp. Separated in thm scales
EX-Fo'LI-A-TING, ppr. Separating and coming off in
EX-FO-LI-A'TION, n. The scaling of a bone ; desquama-
tion.
EX-Fo'LI-A-TiVE, a. That has the power of causing ex-
foliation or the desquamation of a bone.
EX-Fo'LI-A-TiVE, n. That which has the power or quali-
ty of procuring exfoliation. Wiseman.
EX-Ha'LA-BLE, a. That may be exhaled.
EX-Ha'LANT, a. Having the quality of exhaling or trans-
mitting a fluid or vapor.
EX-HA-La'TION, 71. [L. exhalatio.] 1. The act 01 process
of exhaling, or sending forth fluids in the form of steam or
vapor; evaporation. 2. That which is exhaled; that
which is emitted, or which rises in the form of vapor ;
fume or steam ; effluvia.
EX-HaLE', (egz-hale') v. t. [L. exhalo.l 1, To send out;
to emit ; as vapor, or minute particles of a fluid or other
substance. 2. To draw out; to cause to be emitted in
vapor or minute particles ; to evaporate.
EX-HaL'ED, (egz-haJd') pp. Sent out ; emitted, as vapor ;
evaporated.
EX-HaLE'MENT, 71. Matter exhaled ; vapor. Brown.
EX-HaL'ING, ppr. Sending out in vapor or effluvia.
EX-HAUST', (egz-hawsf) v. t. [L. sxhaurio, exhaustum.]
1. To draw out or drain off the whole of any thing ; to
draw out, tUl nothing of the matter drawn is left. 2. To
empty by drawing out the contents. 3. To draw out or
to use and expend the whole ; to consume. 4. To use
or expend the whole by exertion.
EX-HAUST', ffl. Drained; exhausted. [Little used.]
EX-HAUST'ED, pp. Drawn out ; drained off; emptied by
drawing, draining or evaporation ; wholly used or ex-
pended ; consumed.
EX-HAUST'ER, n. He or that which exhausts.
EX-HAUST'I-BLE, a. That may be exhausted.
EX-HAUST'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing out; draining off;
emptving ; consuming. 2. a. Tending to exhaust.
EX-HAUST'ION, n. 1. The act of drawing out or draining
off; the act of emptying completely of the contents. 2.
The state of being exhausted. — 3. In mathematics, a
method of proving the equality of two magnitudes by a
reductio ad ahsurdum.
EX-HAUST'LESS, a. Not to be exhausted; not to be
wholly drawn off" or emptied ; inexhaustible.
EX-HAUST'MENT, 71. Exhaustion; drain.
EX-HER'E-DATE, v. t. To disinherit.
EX-HER-E-Da'TION, 71. [JL. exhceredatio.] In the civil law,
a disinheriting.
EX-HIB'IT, (egz-hib'it) v. t. [L. exhibeo.] 1 To offer or
present to view ; to present for inspection ; to show. 9.
To show ; to display ; to manifest publicly. 3. To pre-
sent ; to offer publicly or officially.
EX-HIB'IT, n. 1. Any paper produced or presented to a
court or to auditors, referees or arbitrators, as a voucher,
or in proof of facts ; a vouclier or document produced.
— 2. In chancery, a deed or writing produced in court,
sworn to by a witness, and a certificate of the oath indorsed
v;n it by the examiner or commissioner.
EX-HIB'IT-ED,7?p, Offered to view ; presented for nspec
tion ; shown ; displayed.
EX-HIB'IT-ER, n. One who exhibits ; one who presents a
petition or charge. Shak.
EX-HIB'IT-ING, p;?r. Offering to view ; presenting; show
ing; displaying.
EX-HI-BI'TION, 71. [L. exhibitio.] 1. The act of exhibit-
ing for inspection ; a showing or presenting to view ;
display. 2. The offering, producing or showing of titles,
authorities or papers of any kind before a tribunal, m
proof of facts. 3. Public show ; representation of feats or
actions in public ; display of oratory in public ; any pub-
lic show. 4. Allowance of meat and drink ; pension ;
salary. 5. Payment; recompense.
EX-HI-Bl'TION-ER, 71. In English universities, one who
has a pension or allowance, granted for the t^ncourage-
ment of learning.
EX-HlB'I-TiVE, a. Serving for exhibition , representative
JVorris.
EX-HIB'I-TiVE-LY, adv. By representation.
EX-HIB'I-TO-RY, a. Exhibiting; showing; displaying.
EX-HIL A-RATE, (egz-hil'a-rate) v. t. [L. exfilaru.] To
make cheerful or merry ; to enliven ; to make glad or
joyous ; to gladden ; to cheer.
EX-HIL'A-RATE, v. i. To become cheerful or joyous.
EX-HIL' A-RA-TED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; cheered ,
gladdened ; made joyous or jovial.
EX-HIL'A-RA-TING, ppr. Enlivening ; giving life and
vigor to the spirits ; cheering ; gladdening.
EX-HIL- A-Ra 'TION, n. 1. The act of enlivening the
spirits ; the act of making glad or cheerful. 2. The state
of being enlivened or cheerful.
EX-HORT', (egz-hort') v. t. [L. exhortor.] 1. To incite by
words or advice ; to animate or urge by arguments to a
good deed. 2. To advise ; to warn ; to caution. 3. To
incite or stimulate to exertion.
EX-HORT', V. i. To deliver exhortation ; to use words or
arguments to incite to good deeds.
t EX-HORT', n: Exhortation. Pope.
EX-HOR-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act or practice of exhorting ;
the act of inciting to laudable deeds ; incitement. 2.
The form of words intended to incite and encourage. 3.
Advice ; counsel.
EX-HORT'A-TH^E, a. Containing exhortation.
EX-HORT'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to exhort.
EX-HORT'ED, pp. Incited by words to good deeds ; am
mated to a laudable course of conduct ; advised.
EX-HORT'ER, 71. One who exhorts or encourages.
EX-HORT'ING, ppr. Inciting to good deeds by words or
arguments ; encouraging ; counseling.
EX-HU-Ma'TION, n. [Fr., from exhumer.] 1. The digging
up of a dead body interred ; the disinterring of a corpse.
2. The digging up of anv thing buried.
EX'ie-OATE, EX-I€-€a'TION. See Exsiccate.
EX'I-GENCE, } n. [L. exigent.'] 1. Demand ; urgency ;
EX'I-GEN-CY, \ urgent need or want. 2. Pressing ne-
cessity ; distress ; any case which demands immediate
action, supply or remedy.
EX'I-GENT, 71. 1. Pressing b-isiness ; occasion that call?
for immediate help ; [not used.] — ^2. In ZaiO; a writ which
lies where ihe defendant is not to be found, or after a re-
turn of 71071 est inventus on former writs. 3. End ; ex-
tremity ; [o&5.] Shak.
EX'I-6ENT, a. Pressing ; requiring immediate aid. Burke
EX'I-6ENT-ER, n. An officer in the court of common
pleas in England, wlio makes out exigents and proclama-
tions, in cases of outlawry.
EX'I-6l-BLE, a. That may be exacted ; demandable.
EX-I-GU'I-TY; n. [L. exiguitas.] Smallness ; slendemess
[Little used.] Boyle.
EX-IG'U-OUS, a. [L. exigwis.] Small; slender; minute
diminutive. [Little used.] Harvey.
EX'ILE, n. [L. exilium, exul.] 1. Banishment ; the state
of being expelled from one's country or place of residence
2. An abandonment of one's country, or removal to a for
eign country for residence^ 3. The person banished, or
separated from his country.
EX-ILE', (egz-ile') v.t. 3. To banish from a country or
home ; to drive away, expel or transport from one's
country. 2. To drive from one's country by misfortune,
necessity or distress.
EX-ILE' a. [L. exilis.] Slender ; thin ; fine.
EX'tLED, pp. Banished; expelled from one's country by
authority.
EX'jLE-MENT, 7?. Banishment.
EX'lL-lNG, ppr. Banishing ; expelling from one s country ;
departing from one's country.
EX-I-LI"TI0N, 71. [L. exilio.] A sudden springing or leap-
ing out. [Little used.] Brown.
EX-IL'I-TY, 71. [L. exilitas.] Slendemess : thinness
EX-IM'I-OUS, fl. [L. cximizis.] Excellent [Little u^ed.]
tEX-IN'A-NITE, V. t. [L. exinanio.] To luake emfrty ; to
weaken.
See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
EXO
318
EXP
UX-IN-A-NI'TION, n. [L. exinanitio.] An emptying or
evacuation ; lience, privation ; loss ; destitution. [L. u.]
EX-IST', (egz-ist'> v. i. [L. existo.] 1. To be ; to have an
essence or real being. 2. To live j to have life or anima-
tion. 3. To remain : to endure ; to continue in being.
EX-IST'ENCE, 71 1. The state of being or having essence.
2. Life ; animation. 3. Continued being ; diiration 5 con-
tinuation.
EX-IST'ENT, a. Being ; having being or existence.
EX-IS-TEN'TIAL, a. Having existence. Bp. Barlow.
EX-IS-TI-Ma'T10N, n. [L. existimatio.] Opinion ; esteem.
EX'JT, n. [L. ; the 3d person of exeo.] 1 The departure of
a player from the stage. 2. Any departure ; the act of
quitting the stage of action or of life ; death ; decease. 3.
A way of departiue ; passage out of a place. 4. A going
out; departure.
EX-T"TIAL, } a. [L. exitialis.] Destructive to life. Homi-
EX-I"TIOUS, \ lies.
EX-LEfiilS-LA-TOK, n. One who has been a legislator,
but is not at present.
EX-MIN'iS-TER, 11. One who has been minister, but is not
in office
EX'ODE, n. [Gr. c^oolov.] In the Chreek drama, the con-
cluding part of a play.
EX'O-DUS, ) n. [Gr. ti,ohos.] 1. Departure from a place ;
EX'O-DY, \ particularly, the departure of the Israelites
from Egypt under the conduct of Moses. 2. The second
book of tlie Old Testament.
EX OF-Fi"CI-0. [L.] By virtue of office, and without
special authority.
EX'0-GLOSS, 71. [Gr. e^w and yXwffda.] A genus of fishes.
t EX-0-LeTE', a. [L. exoletus.] Obsolete.
t EX-O-LtJ'TION, 71. Laxation of the nerves.
tEX-OLVE', V. t. To loose.
EX-OMTHA-LOS, n. [Gr. t^ and onfalos.] A navel rup-
ture.
EX-ON'ER-ATE, (egz-on'er-ate) v. t. [L. exonero.] 1. To
unload ; to disburden. Ray. 2. To cast off, as a charge,
or as blame resting on one ; to clear of something that lies
upon the character. 3. To cast off, as an obligation , to
discharge.
EX-ON'EE-A-TED, pp. Unloaded ; disburdened ; freed
from a charge, imputation or responsibility.
EX-ON'ER-A-TING, ppr. Unloading ; disburdening ; free-
ing from any charge or imputation.
EX-ON-ER-A'TION, n. The act of disburdening or dis-
charging ; the act of freeing from a charge.
EX-ON'ER-A-TIV E, a. Freeing from an obligation.
EX'O-RA-BLE, a. [L. exorabilis.] That may be moved or
persuaded by entreaty.
EX-ORB'I-TANCE, (egz-or'be-tans) ) n. [L. exorUtans.]
EX-ORB'I-TAN-CY, (egz-or'be-tan-sy) \ Literally, 9.going
beyond or without the track or usual limit. Hence, enor-
mity ; extravagance ; a deviation from rule or the ordi-
nary limits of right or propriety.
EX-ORB'I-TANT, a. [1,. exorUtans.] 1. izteraZZj/, depart-
ing from an orbit or usual track. Hence, deviating from
the usual course ; excessive j extravagant ; enormous.
2. Anomalous; not comprehended in a settled rule or
method.
EX-ORB'I-TANT-LY, adv. Enormously ; excessively.
EX-ORB'I-TATE, v. i. To go beyond the usual track or
orbit ; to deviate from the usual limit.
EX'OR-ClSE, 7;. i. [Gt. t^o(iKi^u>.'\ 1. To adjure by some
holy name ; but chiefly, to ' expel evil spirits by conjura-
tions, prayers and ceremonies. 2. To purify from unclean
spirits by adjurations and ceremonies ; to deliver from the
influence of malignant spirits or demons.
EX'OR-CiSED, pp. Expelled from a person or place by
conjurations and prayers ; freed from demons in like
manner.
EX'OR-ClS-ER, 71. One who pretends to cast out evil spirits
by adjurations and conjuration.
EX'OR-CiS-ING, ppr. Expelling evil spirits by prayers and
ceremonies.
EXOR-CISM, n. [L. exorcismus.'] The expulsion of evil
spirits from persons or places by certain adjurations and
ceremonies.
EX'OR-CIST, n. One who pretends to expel evil spirits by
conjuration, prayers and ceremonies.
EX-ORD'I-AL, a. Pertaining to the exordium.
EX-OR'DI-UM, n. ; plu. Exordiums. [L.] In oratory, the
beginning ; the introductory part of a discourse; the pre-
face or pjoemial part of a composition.
EX-OR-Na'TION, 71. [L. exornatio.] Ornament ; decora-
tion ; embellishment. Hooker.
EX-ORT'IVE, a. [L. exortiviis.] Rising ; relating to the
east.
EX-OS'SA-TED, a. Deprived of bones.
EX-OS'SE-OUS, a. [L. ex and ossa.] Without bones ; des-
titute of bones.
EX-OS-To'SIS, n. [Gr. f| and octeov.] Any protuberance
of a bone that is not natural.
EX-0-TER'I€, } a. [Gr. e^utrepog.] External ; public
EX-0-TER'I-€AL, \ opposed to esoteric or secret. The
exoteric doctrines of the ancient philosophers were those
which were openly professed and taught.
EX'0-TER-Y, 71. What is obvious or common.
EX-OT'I€, ) a. [Gr. e^wtikos.] Foreign ; pertaining to
EX-OT'I-€AL, J or produced in a foreign country ; not
native ; extraneous.
EX-OT't€, n. 1. A plant, shrub or tree not native ; a plant
produced in a foreign country. 2. A word of foreign
origin.
EX-PAND', V. t. [L. expando.] 1. To open ; to spread. 2.
To spread ; to enlarge a surface ; to diffuse. 3. To di-
late ; to enlarge in bulk ; to distend. 4. To enlarge ; to
extend.
EX-PAND', V. i. 1. To open ; to spread. 2. To dilate ; to
extend in bulk or surface. 3. To enlarge.
EX-PAND'ED, pp. Opened ; spread ; extended ; dilated ,
enlarged; diffused.
EX-PAND'ING, ppr. Opening ; spreading ; extending ; di
lating ; diffusing.
EX-PANSE', (ex-pans') n. [L. expansum.] A spreading ;
extent ; a wide extent of space or body.
EX-PAN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being expanded j
capacity of extension in surface or bulk.
EX-PANS'I-BLE, a. [Ft.] Capable of being expanded or
spread ; capable of being extended, dilated or diffused.
EX-PANS'ILE, a. Capable of being expanded.
EX-PAN'SION, 71. [L. expansio.] 1. The act of expanding
2. The state of bemg expanded ; the enlargement of sur
face or bulk ; dilatation. 3. Extent ; space to which any
thing is enlarged ; also, pure space or distance between
remote bodies. 4. Enlargement.
EX-PANS'IVE, a. [Fr.] 1. Having the power to expand,
to spread, or to dilate. 2. Having the capacity of being
expanded. 3. Widely extended.
EX-PANS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being expansive.
EX PAR'TE. [L.] On one part ; as a hearing or a council
ex parte, on one side only.
EX-Pa'TIATE, v. i. [L. expatior.] 1. To move at large ;
to rove without prescribed limits ; to wander in space
without restraint. 2. To enlarge in discourse or writing ;
to be copious in argument or discussion.
EX-Pa'TIA-TING, ppr. Roving at large ; enlarging in dis-
course or writing.
EX-Pa'TIA-TOR, 71. One who amplifies in language.
EX-PAT'RI-ATE, or EX-Pa'TRI-ATE, v. t. [Fr. expa-
trier.j In a general sense, to banish. — To expatriate one's
self, IS to quit one's country, renouncing citizenship and
allegiance in that country.
EX-PAT'RI-A-TED, or EX-Pa'TRI-A-TED, pp. Banish-
ed ; removed from one's native country, with renuncia-
tion of citizenship and allegiance.
EX-PAT'RI-A-TING, or EX-Pa'TRI-A-TING, ppr. Ban-
ishing ; abandoning one's country, with renunciation of
allegiance.
EX-PAT-RI-a'TION, or EX-Pa-TRI-a'TION, n. Banish-
ment. More generally, the forsaking of one's own coun-
try, with a renunciation of allegiance.
EX-PECT', V. t. [L. cxpecto.] 1. To wait for. 2. To look
for ; to have a previous apprehension of something future,
whether good or evil ; to entertain at least a slight belief
that an event will happen.
t EX-PECT', V. i. To wait ; to stay. Sandys.
EX-PE€T'A-BLE, a. That may be expected.
EX-PE€T'ANCE, > 7t. 1. The act or state of expecting ,
EX-PECT' AN-CY, \ expectation. 2. Something expect-
ed. 3. Hope.
EX-PECT'AN-CY, n. In laio, a state of waiting or sus-
pension.
EX-PECT' ANT, a. 1. Wailing ; looking for. Swift. 2. An
expectant estate is one whith is suspended till the deter-
mination of a particular estate.
EX-PECT' ANT, n. One who expects ; one who waits in
expectation ; one held in dependence by his belief or hope
of receiving some good.
EX-PEC-Ta'TION, n. [L. expectatio.] 1. The act of ex-
pecting or looking forward to a future event with at least
some reason to believe the event will happen. Expecta-
tion differs from hope. Hope originates in desire, and may
exist with little or no ground of belief that the desired
event will arrive. Expectation is founded on some rea-
sons which render the event probable. Hope is directed
to some good ; expectation is directed to good or evil. 2.
The state of expecting, either with hope or fear. 3. Pros-
pect of good to come. 4. The object of expectation ; the
expected Messiah. 5. A state or qualities in a person
v/hich excite expectations in others of some future excel-
lence. — 6. In chances, expectation is applied to contingent
events, and is reducible to computation.
t EX-PECT' A-TIVE, n. That which is expected.
t EX-PECT' A-TIVE, a. Expecting. Cotgrave
EX-PECT'ER, n. One who expects ; one who waits for
something, or for another person. Swift.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, C, Y, long.— FAR, PALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD j— t Obsolete
EXP
319
EXP
EX-PE€rPING, p]n: Waiting or looking for the arrival of.
EX-PE€'TO-RANT, a. Having the quality of promoting
discharges from the lungs.
EX-PE€'TO-RANT, n. A medicine which promotes dis-
charges from the lungs.
EX-PE€'TO-RATE, v. t. [L. expectoro.] To eject from the
trachea or lungs ; to discharge phlegm or other matter, by
coughing.
EX-PE€'TO-RA-TED, pp. Discharged from the lungs.
EX-PEC'TO-RA-TING, ppr. Throwing from the lungs.
EX-PE€-TO-Ra'TION, n. The act of discharging phlegm
or mucus from the lungs, by coughing.
EX-PEC'TO-RA-TIVE, a. Having the quality of promoting
expectoration.
f EX-Pe'DI-ATE, v. t. To expedite.
EX-Pe'DI-ENCE, In. 1. Fitness or suitableness to effect
EX-Pe'DI-EN-CY, ] some good end, or the purpose in-
tended ; propriety under the particular circumstances of a
case. 2. Expedition ; adventure ; [obs.} 3. Expedition ;
haste ; dispatch ; [obs.'j
EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. [L. expediens.] 1. Tending to promote
the object proposed ; tit or suitable for the purpose ; prop-
er under the circumstances. 2. Useful ; profitable. 3.
Q,uick ; expeditious ; [obs.]
EX-Pe'DI-ENT, n. 1. That which serves to promote or ad-
vance ; any means which maybe employed to accomplish
an end. 2. Shift ; means devised or employed in an exi-
gency.
EX-Pe'DI-ENT-LY, adv. 1. Filly j suitably ; conveniently.
2. HastUy ; quickly ; [obs.]
EX-PEDfJ-TATE, v. t. {L. ex and pes.] In the forest laws
of England, to cut out the balls or claws of a dog's fore
feet, for the preservation of the king's game.
EX-PED-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of cutting out the balls or
claws of a dog's fore feet.
EX'PE-DlTE,w t. [L.expedio.] 1. To hasten; to quicken 5
to accelerate motion or progress. 2. To dispatch ; to send
from. 3. To hasten by rendering easy.
EX'PE-DlTE, a. [L. expeditus.] 1. Quick ; speedy ; expe-
ditious. 2. Easy ; unencumbered. 3. Active ; nimble ;
ready ; prompt. 4. Light-armed ; [obs.]
EX'PE-DlTE-LY, adv. Readily ; hastily 5 speedily ;
promptly.
EX-PE-DI"TION, n. [L. expeditio.] 1. Haste 5 speed ;
quickness ; dispatch. 2. The march of an army, or the
voyage of a fleet, to a distant place, for hostile purposes.
3. Any enterprise, undertaking or attempt by a number
of persons ; or the collective body which undertakes.
EX-PE-DI"TIOUS, a. 1. Quick ; hasty ; speedy. 2. Nim-
ble ; active ; swift ; acting with celerity.
EX-PE-DI"TIOUS-LY, adv. Speedily ; hastily ; with ce-
lerity or dispatch.
EX-PED'I-TlVE, a. Performing with speed. Bacon.
EX-PEL', V. t. [L. e<tpello.] 1. To drive or force out from
any inclosed place. 2. To drive out ; to force to leave.
3. To eject ; to throw out. 4. To banish ; to exile. 5.
To reject ; to refuse. 6. To exclude ; to keep out or off.
— 7. In college government, to command to leave ; to dis-
solve the connection of a student.
EX-PEL'LA-BLE, a. That may be expelled or driven out.
EX-PEL'LED, (ex-peld') pp. Driven out or away ; forced
to leave ; banished ; exiled ; excluded.
EX-PEL'LER, n. He or that which drives out or away.
EX-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving out ; forcing away ; compel-
ling to quit or depart ; banishing ; excluding.
EX-PEND', v. t. [L. expendo.] 1. To lay out ; to disburse ;
to spend ; to deliver or distribute, either in payment or in
donations. 2. To lay out ; to use ; to employ ; to con-
3. To use and consume. 4. To consume : to dis-
sipate ; to waste.
EX-PEND', V. i. To be laid out, used or consumed.
EX-PEND'ED, pp. Laid out ; spent ; disbursed ; used.
EX-PEND'ING, ppr. Spending; using; employing.
EX-PEND'I-TURE, n. 1. The act of expending ; a laying
out, as of money ; disbursement. Price. 2. Money ex-
pended ; expense.
EX-PENSE', (ex-pens') n. [L. expensum.] 1. A laying out
or expending ; the disbursing of money, or the employ-
ment and consumption, as of time or labor. 2. Money
expended ; cost ; charge ; that which is disbursed in pay-
ment or in charity. 3. That which is used, employed,
laid out or consumed.
EX-FF,NSE'FIJL. (ex-pens'ful) a. Costly ; expensive. [L. u.]
t EX-PEWtoE'FUL-LY, adv. 'in a costly manner. Weever.
EX-PENSE'LESS, (expens'les) a. Without expense.
EX-PENS'IVE, a. 1. Costly ; requiring much expense. 2.
Given to expense ; free in the use of money ; extrava-
gant ; lavish. 3. Liberal ; generous.
EX-PENS'IVE-LY, adv. With great expense ; at great cost
or charge. Sioift.
EX-PENS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Costliness ; the quality of in-
curring or requiring great expenditures of money. 2.
Addictedness to expense ; extravagance.
EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, n. [L. experientia.] I. Trial, or a series
of trials or experiments ; active effort or attempt to do or
to prove something, or repeated eftbrts. A single trial is
usually denominated an experiment ; experience may be a
series of trials, or the result of such trials. 2. Observation
of a fact or of the same facts or events happening unuer
like circumstances. 3. Trial from suffering or enjoy-
ment ; suffering itself; the use of the senses. 4. Knowl-
edge derived from trials, use, practice, or from a series of
observations.
EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, v. t. 1. To try by use, by suffering or by
enjoyment. 2. To know by practice or trial ; to gain
knowledge or skill by practice or by a series of observa-
tions.
EX-Pe'RI-ENCED, pjj. 1. Tried; used ; practiced. 2. a.
Taught by practice or by repeated observations ; skilful or
wise by means of trials, use or observation.
EX-Pe'RI-EN-CER, n. One who makes trials or experi-
ments.
EX-Pe'RI-EN-CING, ppr. Making trial ; suffering or en-
joyingi
EX-Pe'RI-ENT, a. Having experience. Beaumont and
Fletcher.
EX-PER'I-MENT, « [L. experimentum.] A trial; an act
or operation designed to discover some unknown truth,
principle or effect, or to establish it when discovered.
EX-PER'I-MENT, v. i. 1. To make trial ; to make an ex-
periment ; to operate on a body in such a manner as to
discover some unknown fact, or to establish it when
known. 2. To try ; to search by trial. 3. To experi-
ence; [obs.]
EX-PER'I-MENT, v. t. To try ; to know by trial.
EX-PER-I-MENT'AL, a. I. Pertaining to experiment. 2.
Known by experiment or trial ; derived from experiment.
3. Built on experiments ; founded on trial and observa-
tions, or on a series of results, the effects of operations. 4.
Taught by experience ; having personal experience. 5.
Known by experience ; derived from experience.
EX-PJSR-I-MENT'AL-IST, 71. One who makes experiments.
EX-PER-I-MENT'AL-LY, adv. 1. By experiment ; by tri-
al ; by operation and observation of results. 2. By expe-
rience ; by suffering or enjoyment.
EX-PER'I-MENT-ER, n. One who makes experiments ;
one skilled in experiments.
EX-PER'I-MENT-ING, ppr. Making experiments or trials
EX-PERT', a. [L. expertus.] I. Properly, experienced ;
taught by use, practice or experience ; hence, skilful ;
well instructed ; having familiar knowledge of. 2. Dex-
trous ; adroit ; ready ; prompt ; having a facility of opera-
tion or performance from practice.
t EX-PERT', v.«. To experience. Spenser.
EX-PERT'LY, adv. In a skilful or dextrous manner;
adroitly ; with readiness and accuracy.
EX-PERT'NESS, n. Skill derived from practice; readi-
ness ;_dexterity ; adroitness.
t EX-Pe'TI-BLE, a. [L. expetibUis.] That may be wished
for; desirable.
EX'PI-A-BLE, a. [L. expiabilis.] That may be expiated }
that may be atoned for and done away.
EX'PI-ATE, V. t. [L. expio.] 1. To atone for ; to make
satisfaction for ; to extinguish the guilt of a crime by sub-
sequent acts of piety or worship, by which the obligation
to punish the crime is canceled. 2. To make reparation
for. 3. To avert the threatis of prodigies.
EX'PI-A-TED, pp. Atoned for; done away by satisfac-
tion offered and accepted.
EX'PI-A-TING, ppr. Making atonement or satisfaction for ;
destroying or removing guilt, and canceling the obligation
to punish.
EX-PI-A'TION, n. [L. expiatio.] 1. The act of atoning
for a crime ; the act of making satisfaction for an offense ;
atonement ; satisfaction. 2. The means by which atone-
ment for crimes is made ; atonement. — 3. Among ancient
heathens, an act by which the threats of prodigies were
averted.
EX'PI-A-TO-RY, a. Having the power to make atonement
or expiation.
EX-PI-La'TION, n. [L. expilatio.] A stripping ; the act
of committing waste on land ; waste. [Little used.]
EX-PiR'A-BLE, a That may expire ; that may come to an
end.
EX-PI-Ra'TION, 71. [L. expiratio.] 1. The act of breath-
ing out, or forcing the air from the lungs. 2. The .ast
emission of breath; death. 3. The emission of volatile
matter from any substance; evaporation; exhalation.
4. Matter expired ; exhalation ; vapor ; fume. 5. Cessa-
tion ; close ; end ; conclusion ; termination of a limited time.
EX-PiRE', V. t. [L. expiro.] I. To breathe out; to throw
out the breath from the lungs. 2. To exhale ; to emit in
minute particles, as a fluid or volatile matter. 3. To con-
clude; [obs,]
EX-PiRE , V. i. 1. To emit the last breath, as an animal ;
to die ; to breathe the last. 2. To r erish ; to eni* 'xj fail
or be destroyed ; to come to notbinr : lo be tru*frated.
3. To fly out; to be thrown out with force. 4. To come
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete
EXP
3^0
EXP
to an end ; to cease ; to terminate ; to close or conclude,
as a given period,
EX-PIR'ING, ppr. 1. Breathing out air from the lungs ;
emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling ; dying; end-
ing; terminating. 2. a. Pertaining to or uttered at the
time of dying.
t EX-PIS-€a'TION, 71. [L. ez and piscatio.] A fishing.
Chapman.
EX-PLaIN', r. t. [L. explano.] To make plain, manifest
or intelligible ; to clear of obscurity ; to expound ; to il-
» lustrate by discourse, or by notes,
EX-PLaIN', v. i. To give explanations.
EX-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be cleared of obscurity ;
capable of being made plain to the understanding ; capa-
ble of being interpreted,
EX-PLaIN'ED, ''px-pland') pp. Made clear or obvious to
the understanding; expounded; illustrated.
EX-PLa. i>I'EK,, n. One who explains ; an expositor ; a
commentator ; an interpreter, Harris.
EX-PLAIN'ING, ppr. Expounding ; illustrating ; interpret-
ing ; openmg to the understanding; clearing of obscu-
rity,
EX-PLA-Na'TION, n. [L, explanatio.] 1. The act of ex-
plaining, expounding or interpreting ; exposition ; illus-
tration ; interpretation ; the act of clearing from obscurity
and making intelligible. 2. The sense given by an ex-
pounder or interpreter. 3. A mutual exposition of terms,
meaning or motives, with a view to adjust a misunder-
standing, and reconcile differences; reconciliation,
EX-PLAN'A-TO-RY, u. Serving to explain; containing
explanation.
EX-PLe'TION, n. [li. expletio.} Accomplishment ; fulfill-
ment. ( Little 2ised.] Killingbeck.
EX'PLi:.-4'lVE, a. [Fx. expletif.] Filling ; added for sup-
ply or ornament.
EX'PLE-TlVE, n. In language, a word or syllable insert-
ed to fill a vacancy, or for ornament.
EX'PLI-€A-BLE, a. [L, explicahilis.] 1. Explainable ;
that may be unfolded to the mind ; that may be made in-
telligible, 2. That may be accounted for.
EX'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [L, explico.] 1. To unfold ; to ex-
pand ; to open. 2, To unfold the meaning or sense ; to
explain ; to clear of difficulties or obscurity ; to inter-
pret,
EX'PLI-GA-TED, pp. Unfolded; explained.
EX'PL1-€A-TING, ppr. Unfolding ; explainhig ; inter-
preting,
EX-PLI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of opening or unfolding.
2. The act of explaining ; explanation ; exposition ; in-
terpretation, 3, The sense given by an expositor or in-
terpreter,
EX'PLI-€A-TlVE, or EXTLI-€A-TO-RY, a. Serving to
unfold or explain ; tending to lay open to the under-
standing.
EX'PLT-€A-TOR, n. One who unfolds or explains.
EX-PLIC'IT, a. [L. e.rpZicitus,] Literally, unfolded. Hence,
plain in language ; clear, not obscure or ambiguous ; ex-
press, not merely implied ; open ; unreserved ; having
no disguised meaning or reservation,
I EX'PLIC-IT, [L.] A word found at the conclusion of our
old books, signifying the end,, or it is finished, as we now
find^?iis,
EX-PLIC'IT-LY, adv. Plainly; expressly; without du-
plicity ; without disguise or reservation of meaning,
EX-PLIC'IT-NESS, n. Plainness of language or expres-
sion ;_clearness; direct expression.
EX-PLoDE', V. i. [L. explodo.] To utter a report with
sudden violence ; to burst and expand with force and a
violent report.
EX-PLoDE', v.t. 1. To decry or reject with noise; to
express disapprobation of, with noise or marks of con-
tempt, 2, To reject with any marks of disapprobation or
disdain : to treat with contempt, and drive from notice ;
to drive into disrepute ; or, in general, to condemn ; to re-
ject ; to cry down. 3, To drive out with violence and
noise,
EX-PLoD'ED, pp. Driven away by Msst^s or noise ; reject-
ed ; condemned ; cried down",
EX-PLoD'ER, n. One who explodes or rejects,
EX-PLoD'ING, jipr. Bmsting and expanding with force
and a violent report ; rejecting ; condemning.
EX-PLOIT', 71. [Fr. exploit.] 1. A deed or act; more es-
pecially, a heroic act; a deed of renown ; a gi-eat or noble
achievement. [Exploiture, in a like sense, is not in
use ] — ^2, In a ludicrous sense, a great act of wickedness,
t EX-PLOIT', ?). t. To achieve. Camden.
t EX-PLO'RATE, V. t. To explore. See Explore,
EX-PLO-Ra'TION, n. The act of exploring ; close search ;
strict or careful examination.
EX-PLO-Ra'TOR, n. One who explores,
EX-PLoR'A-TO-RY, a. Serving to explore ; examining,
EX-PLoRE', V. t. [L. exploro.] 1. To search for making
discovery ; to view with care ; to examine closely by the
eye. 2. To search by any means , to try. 3. To search
or pry into : to scrutinize ; to inquire with care j to ex •
amine closely with a view to discover truth.
EX-PLoR'ED, (ex-pl6rd');?p. Searched; viewed ; examin-
ed closely.
EX-PLoRE'MENT, n. Search ; trial, [Little used.]
EX-PLOR'ING, P2''*- Searching ; viewing; examining,
EX-PLo'SION, n. 1. A bursting with noise ; a bursting or
sudden expansion of any elastic fluid, with force and a
loud report, 2, The discharge of a piece of ordnance
3, The sudden burst of sound in a volcano, &c.
EX-PLo'SIVE, a. Driving or bursting out with violence
and noisej causing explosion.
EX-PO-LI-a'TION, n. [L. expoUatio.] A spoiling ; a wast-
ing. See Spoliation.
f EX-POL'ISH, for polish, a useless word,
EX-Po'NENT, 71. [L, exponens.] 1, In algebra, the num-
ber or figure which, placed above a root at the right hand,
denotes how often that root is repeated, or how many
multiplications are necessary to produce the power, 2.
The exponent of the ratio or proportion between two num-
bers or quantities, is the quotient arising when the ante-
cedent is divided by the consequent,
EX-PO-NEN'TIAL, a. Exponential curves are such as par-
take both of the nature of algebraic and transcendental
ones.
EX-P6ET', V. t, [L, exporto.] To carry out ; to convey
or transport, in traffick, produce and goods from one coun-
try to another,
EX'PORT, 71, A commodity actually conveyed from one
country or state to another in traffick, or a commodity
which m?.y be exported.
EX-PoRT'lA-BLE, a. That may be exported.
EX-POR-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of exporting ; the act of
conveying goods and productions from one country or
state to another. 2. The act ot carrying out.
EX-PoRT'ED, pp. Carried out of a country or state in
trafiick.
EX-P6RT'ER, 71. The person who exports.
EX-PoRT'ING, ppr. Conveying to a foreign country.
EX'PORT-TRADE, n. The trade which consists in the ex
portation of commodities,
t EX-PoS'AL, 71. Exposure, Swift.
EX-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. exposer.] 1. To lay open ; to set to
public view ; to disclose ; to uncover or draw from con
cealment. 2, To make bare ; to uncover ; to remove
from any thing that which guards or protects, 3, To re-
move from shelter ; to place in a situation to be affected
or acted on. 4, To lay open to attack, by any means.
5. To make liable ; to subject, 6. To put in the power
of, 7, To lay open to censure, ridicule or contempt. 8.
To lay open, in almost any manner. 9, To put in dan-
ger, 10, To cast out to chance ; to place abroad, or in a
situation unprotected, II, To lay open ; to make pub-
lic, 12, To offer ; to place in a situation to invite pur-
chasers, 13, To offer to inspection,
EX-PoS'ED, (ex-pozd') pp. Laid open ; laid bare ; uncov-
ered ; unprotected ; made liable to attack ; offered for
sale ; disclosed ; made public ; offered to view.
EX-PoS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being exposed, open to at-
tack, or unprotected. Edwards.
EX-POS'ER, n. One who exposes,
EX-PoS'ING, ppr. Lying or laying open ; making bare ,
putting in danger; disclosing; placing in any situation
without protection ; offering to inspection or to sale.
EX-PO-Sl"TION, 71. 1 . A laying open ; a setting to public
view. 2. A situation in which a thing is exposed or laid
open, or in which it has an unobstructed view, or in
which a free passage to it is open. 3. Explanation ; in-
terpretation.
EX-POS'I-TIVE, a. Explanatory ; laying open.
EX-POS'I-TOR, 71. [L.] 1, One who expounds or explains ;
an interpreter. 2. A dictionary or vocabulary which ex-
plains words.
EX-POS'I-TO-RY, a. Serving to explain or illustrate.
EX Post facto, [L,] in law, done after another thing.
An ex post facto law, in criminal cases, consists in de-
claring an act penal or criminal, which was innocent
when done, — An ex post facto law is one that renders an
act punishable in a manner in which it was not punisha-
ble at the time it was committed,
EX-POS'TU-LATE, v. i. [L. expostulo.] To reason earn-
estly with a person, on some impropriety of his con-
duct.
t EX-POS'TU-LATE, v. t. To discuss ; to examine,
EX-POS'TU-LA-TING, ppr. Reasoning or urging argu-
ments against any improper conduct.
EX-POS-TU-La'TION, n. 1. Reasoning with a person in
opposition to his conduct. — 2. In rhetoric, an address con-
taining expostulation.
EX-POS'TU-LA-TOR, n. One who expostulates,
EX-POS'TU-LA-TO-RY, a. Containing expostulation.
EX-Po'SURE, (.ex-po'zhur) n. 1. The act of exposing or
laying open, 2, The state of being laid open to view, to
danger, or to any inconvenience. 3, The situation of a
See Synopsis. A, K, l, O, O, "?, io7i^,— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolete
EXP
321
EXT
place in regard to points of compass, or to a free access of
air or light.
EX-POUND', V. t. [L, expono.] 1. To explain; to lay
open the meaning ; to clear of obscurity ; to interpret.
2. To lay open ; to examine ; [obs.]
EX-POUJN'D'ED, pp. Explained; interpreted.
EX-POUND'ER, n. An explainer ; one who interprets.
EX-POUND'IiN^G, ppr. Explaining ; laying open ; making
clear to the understanding ; interpreting.
EX-PRe'FE€T, 71. A prefect out of office.
EX-PRESI-DENT, n. One who has been president, but
is no longer in the office.
EX-PRESS', V, t. [Sp. expresar.] 1. To press cr squeeze
out ; to force out by pressure. 2. To utter ; to declare in
words ; to speak. 3. To write or engrave ; to represent in
written words or language. 4. To represent ; to exhibit
by copy or resemblance. 5. To represent or show by
imitation or the imitative arts ; to form a likeness. 6. To
show or make known ; to indicate. 7 To denote ; to
designate. 8. To extort ; to elicit.
EX-PRESS', a. 1. Plain ; clear ; expressed ; direct ; not
ambiguous. 2. Given in direct tenns ; not implied or left
to inference. 3. Copied ; resembling ; bearing an exact
representation. 4. Intended or sent for a particular pur-
pose, or on a particular errand.
EX-PRESS', 71. 1. A messenger sent on a particular errand
or occasion. 2. A message sent. 3. A declaration in
plain terms ; [obs.]
EX-PRESS'ED, (ex-presf) pp. Squeezed or forced out, as
juice or liquor ; uttered in words ; set down in writing or
letters ; declared ; represented ; shown.
EX-PRESS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be expressed ; that may
be uttered, declared, shown or represented. 2. That
may be squeezed out.
EX-PRESS'TNG, ppr. Forcing out by pressure ; uttering ;
declaring ; showing ; representing.
EX-PRES'SION, n. 1. The act of expressing ; the act of
forcing out by pressure. 2. The act of uttering, declar-
ing or representing; utterance; declaration; representa-
tion. 3. A phrase, or mode of speech. — 4. In rhetoric, el-
ocution ; diction; the peculiar manner of utterance, suit-
ed to the subject and sentiment. — 5. In painting, a natu-
ral and lively representation of the subject. — 6. In music,
the tone, grace or modulation of voice or sound suited to
any particular subject ; that manner which gives life and
reality to ideas and sentiments. — 7. Theatrical expression
]s a distinct, sonorous and pleasing pronunciation, accom-
panied with action suited to the subject.
EX-PRESS'iVE, a. 1. Serving to express ; serving to utter
or represent. 2. Representing with force ; emphatical.
3. Showing ; representing.
j3X-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In an expressive manner ; clear-
ly ; fully ; with a clear representation. *
EX-PRESS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being express-
ive ; the power of expression or representation by words.
2. The power or force of representation ; the quality of
presenting a subject strongly to the senses or to the mind.
EX-PRESS'LY, adv. In direct terms ; plainly.
t EX-PRESS'NESS, n. The power of expression. Ham-
mond.
EX-PRESS'URE, n. Expression; utterance; representa-
tion ; mark ; impression. \Liitle used.]
* EX'PRO-BRATE, or EX-PRo'BRATE, v. t. [L. expro-
bro.] To upbraid ; to censure as reproachful; to blame ;
to condemn.
EX-PRO-BRa'TION , n. The act of charging or censuring
reproachfully ; reproachful accusation ; the act of up-
braiding.
EX-PROB'RA-TiVE, a. Upbraiding ; expressing reproach.
EX-PRO'PRI-ATE, v. t. [L. ex and proprius.] To disen-
gage from appropriation ; to hold no longer as one's own;
to give up a claim to exclusive property.
EX-PRO-PRI-A'TION, n. The act of discarding appropri-
ation, or declining to hold as one's own.
EX-PuGN', (ex-piine') v. t. [L. expugno.] To conquer ;
to take by assault, Johnson.
EX-PUG'NA-BLE, a. That may be forced.
EX-PUG-Na'TION, 71. Conquest ; the act of taking by as-
sault.
EX-PuGN'ER, (ex-pun'er) n. One who subdues.
EX-PULSE', (ex-puls') v. t. [Fr. expulser.] To drive out ;
to expel. [Little used.] Shak.
fEX-PUL'SER, 71. An expeller. Cotgrave.
EX-PUL'SION, 71. 1. The act of driving out or expelling ;
a driving away by violence. 2. The state of being driven
out or away.
EX-PUL'SIVE, a. Having the power of driving out or
away ; serving to expel. Wiseman.
EX-PUN€iTI0N,7i. The act of expunging ; the actof blot-
ling out or erasing. Milton.
EX-PTJN6E', (ex-punj') v. t. [L. expunge] 1. To blot
out, as with a pen ; to rub out ; to effiice, as words ; to
obliterate. 2. To efface ; to strike out; to wipe out or de-
stroy ; to annihilate.
EX-PUN6'ED, (ex-punj d') pp. Blotted out; obliterated
destroyed.
EX-PUN6'ING, ppr. Blotting out; erasing; effacing.
EX 'PUR-GATE, v. t. [L. expurgo.] To pmge ; to
cleanse ; to purify from any thing noxious, offensive or
erroneous.
EX'PUR-GA-TED, pp. Purged ; cleansed ; purified.
EX'PUR-GA-TING,p^r. Purging; cleansing; purifying.
EX-PUR-Ga'TION, 71. 1. The act of purging or cleansing •
evacuation. 2. A cleansing; purification.
EX'PUR-GA-TOR, n. One who expurgates or purifies.
tEX-PUR-GA-TO'RI-OUS, a. Expunging. Milton.
EX-PURG'A-TO-EY, a. Cleansing ; purifying ; serving to
purify from any thing noxious or erroneous,
t EX-PURGE', (ex-purj') v. t. [L. expurgo.'] To purge
away. Milton.
t EX-QUIRE', V. t. [L. exquiro] To search iuto or out.
EX'Q,UI-SlTE, a. [L. exqvisitus.] I. Nice ; exact ; very
excellent ; complete ; capable of nice perception ; capable
of nice discrimination. 2. Being in the highest degree
extreme. 3. Very sensibly felt.
EX'aUI-SiTE-LY, adv. I. Nicely; accurately; with
great perfection. 2. With keen sensation or with nice
perception.
EX'aUI-SlTE-NESS, 7i. 1. Nicety; exactness; accuracy;
completeness ; perfection. 2. Keenness ; sharpness ; ex-
tremity.
t EX-aUIS'I-TlVE, a. Curious ; eager to discover.
t EX-QUIS'I-TiVE-LY, adv. Curiously ; minutely.
EX-REP-RE-SENT' A-TlVE, n. One who has been for-
merly a representative, but is no longer one.
EX-SAN'GUI-OUS, a. [L. exsanguis.] Destitute of blood,
or rather of red blood.
EX-SCIND', V. t. [L. exscindo.] To cut off. [Little used.]
t EX-SCRIBE', V. t. [L. exscribo.] To copy ; to transcribe
t EX'SCEIPT, 71. A copy ; a transcript.
EX-SE€'RE-TA-RY, n. One who has been secretary, but
is no longer in office.
EX-SECTION, n. [L. exsectio.] A cutting off.
EX-SEN'A-TOR, n. One who has been a senator, but is
no longer one.
EX-SERT', I a. [L. cxsero.] Standing out ; protruded
EX-SERT'ED, ] from the corol.
EX-SERT'ILE, a. That may be thrust out.
EX-SI€'CANT, a. Drying ; evaporating moisture ; having
the quality of drying.
* EX'SI€-€ATE, or EX-SI€'€ATE, v. t. [L. exsicco.] To
dry ; to exhaust or evaporate moisture. Brown.
* EX'SI€-€A-TED, or EX-SI€'€A-TED, pp. Dried.
* EX'SI€-eA-TING, or EX-SI€'€A-TING, ppr. Drying ;
evaporating moisture.
EX-SI€-Ca'TION, n. The act or operation of drying;
evaporation of moisture ; dryness. Brown.
EX-SfC'CA-TlVE, a. Having the power of drymg.
EX-SPU-i"TION, I n. [L. expuo.] A discharge of saliva by
EX-PU-l"TION, \ spitting.
EX-STIP'U-LATE, a. [L. ex and stipula.] In botamj, hav-
ing no stipules.
EX-SU€'€OUS, a. [L. exsuccus.] Destitute of juice ; dry,
BroiDJi,
EX-SUCTION, 71. [L. exugo.] The act of sucking out.
Boyle.
EX-SU-Da'TION, n. [L. exudo.] I. A sweating; a dis-
charge of humors or moisture from animal bodies, 2. The
discharge of the juices of a plant, moisture from the earth,
&c.
EX-SuDE', V. t. To discharge the moisture cr juices of a
living body through the pores ; also, to discharge the
liquid matter of a plant by incisions.
EX-SuDE', V. i. To flow from a living body through the
pores, or by a natural discharge, as juice.
EX-StJD'ED, pp. Emitted, as juice.
EX-StJD'ING, ppr. Discharging, as juice.
EX-SUF-FLa TION. n. [L. ex and sufflo.] 1. A'blowing
or blast from beneath. 2. A kind of exorcism.
t EX-SUF'FO-LATE, a. Contemptible. Shak.
t EX-SUS'CI-TATE, 7;. t. [L. exs^iscito.] To rouse ; to ex-
cite.
t EX-SUS-CI-Ta'TION, n. A stirring up ; a rousing.
t EX'TANCE, 71. [L. extans.] Outward existence.
EX'TAN-CY, 71. [L. exstans.] 1. The state of rising above
others. 2. Parts rising above the rest ; [little v^ed.]
Boyle.
EX'TANT, a. [L. exstans, extans.] 1. Standing out 01
above any surface; protruded. 2. In being; now sub-
sisting ; not suppressed, destroyed or lost.
EX'TA-SY, EX-TAT'IC. See Ecstasy, Ecstatic.
EX-TEM'PO-RA.L, a. [L. extemporalis.] 1. Made or uttered
at the moment, without premeditation. 2. Speaking
without premeditation. Instead of this word, extempora
neous and extemporary are now used.
EX-TEM'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Without premeditation.
t EX-TEM-PO- iA'NE-AN. See EtTEMPORANEotJS.
EX-TEM-PO-R.v'NE-OUS, a. [L. exUmporaneus.] Corn-
See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S at Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tkis. f Oiaolett.
EXT
322
EXT
posed, performed or uttered at the tinje the subject occurs,
without previous study ; unpremeditated.
EX-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Without previous
study.
EX-TEM'PO-RA-RI-LY, adv. Without previous study.
£X-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [L. ex and temporarius.] Com-
posed, performed or uttered without previous study or
preparation.
EX-TEM'PO-RE, adv. [L.] 1. Without previous study or
meditation ; without preparation ; suddenly. 2. It is
used as an adjective, improperly, or at least without ne-
cessity.
EX-TEM'PO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being unpremedi-
tated ; the state of being composed, performed or uttered
without previous study.
EX-TEM'PO-RiZE, v. i. 1. To speak extempore ; to speak
without previous study or preparation. 2. To discoorse
without notes or written composition.
EX-TEM'PO-RlZ-ER, n. One who speaks without previous
study, or without written composition.
EX-TEM'PO-RiZ-ING, jppr. Speaking without previous
study, or preparation by writing.
EX-TEND', V. t. [L. extendo.] 1. To stretch in any direc-
tion; to cairy forward, or continue in len^h, as a line ;
to spread in breadth ; to expand or dilate in size. 2. To
stretch ; to reach forth. 3. To spread ; to expand ; to
enlarge ; to widen. 4. To conthiue ; to prolong j as, to
extend the time of payment. 5. To communicate; to be-
stow on ; to use or exercise towards. 6. To impart ; to
yield or give.— 7, In law, to value lands taken by a writ
of extent in satisfaction of a debt; or to levy on lands, as
an execution.
EX-TEND', V. i. To stretch ; to reach ; to be continued in
length or breadth.
EX-TEND'ED, pp. Stretched ; spread ; expanded ; enlarg-
ed ; bestowed on ; communicated ; levied.
EX-TEND'ER, n. He or that which extends or stretches.
EX-TEND'I-BLE, a. Capable of being extended.
EX-TEND'ING, ppr. Stretching ; reachmg ; continuing m
length ; spreading ; enlarging ; valuing.
t EX-TEND'LESS-NESS, n. Unlimited extension.
EX-TENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being extended,
or of suffering extension.
EX-TENS'I-BLE, a. That may be extended ; susceptible
of enlargement.
EX-TENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. ExtensibUity.
EX-TENS'ILE, a. Capable of being extended.
EX-TEN'SION, n. [L. extensio.] 1. The act of extending;
a stretching. 2. The state of being extended; enlarge-
ment in breadth, or continuation of length. — 3. In philos-
ophy, that property of a body by which it occupies a por-
tion of space.
t EX-TEN'SION-AL, a. Having great extent. More.
EX-TENS'IVE, a. 1. Wide ; large ; having great enlarge-
ment or extent. 2. That may be extended ; [ofo.]
EX-TENS'IVE-LY, adv. Widely ; to a great extent.
EX-TENS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Wideness ; largeness; extent.
2. Extent; diffusiveness. 3. Capacity of being extend-
ed. Ray.
EX-TENS'OR, n. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to
extend or straighten any part of the body.
EX-TENT', n. Extended. Spenser.
EX-TENT', 71. [L. extentus.'] 1. Space or degree to which
a thing is extended ; compass ; bulk ; size. 2. Length.
3. Communication ; distribution.— 4. In law, a writ of
execution, or extendi facias , commanding a sheriff to value
the lands of a debtor.
EX-TEN'U-ATE, v. t. [L. extemio.l 1. To make thin,
lean or slender. 2. To lessen ; to diminish, as a crime
or guilt. 3. To lessen in representation ; to palliate. 4.
To lessen or diminish in honor. 5. To make thin or rare.
t EX-TEN'U-ATE, a. Thin ; slender.
EX-TEN' U-A-TED, pp. Made thin, lean or slender ; made
smaller ; lessened ; diminished ; palliated.
EX-TEN'U-A-TING, ppr. Making thin or slender ; lessen-
ing ; dimiiiishing ; palliating ; making rare.
EX-TEN-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin; the
process of growing thin or lean ; the losing of flesh, 2.
The act representing any thing less wrong, faulty or
crimmal than it is in fact ; palliation. 3. Mitigation ;
alleviation.
EX-Te'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. External ; outward ; applied to
the outside or outer surface of a body, and opposed to
interior. 2 External ; on the outside, with reference to
a person ; extrinsic. 3. Foreign ; relating to foreign na-
tions.
EX-Te'RI-OR, 71. 1. The outward surface ; that which is
external. 2. Outward or visible deportment ; appearance.
t EX-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, 71. Outwardness; the superficies.
Cotgrave.
EX-Te'RI-OR-LY, ad:> Outwardly , externally.
EX-Te'RI-ORS, 71. plu. 1. The outward parts of a thing.
2. Outward or external deportment, or forms and cere-
monies ; visible acts.
EX-TERM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. extermmo.] I. To destroy
utterly ; to drive away ; to extirpate. 2. To eradicate ;
to root out ; to extirpate. 3. To root out, as plants ; to
extirpate. — 4. In algebra, to take away.
EX-TERM'I-NA-TED, pp. Utterly driven away or destroy-
ed ; eradicated ; extirpated.
EX-TERM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Driving away, or totally de-
stroying ; eradicating ; extirpating.
EX-TERM-I-Na'TION, 71. 1. The act of exterminating ;
total expulsion or destruction ; eradication ; extirpation ;
excision. — 2. In algebra, a taking away.
EX-TERM'I-NA-TOR, n. He or that which exterminates.
EX-TERM'I-NA-TO-RY, a. Serving to exterminate,
t EX-TERM'INE, v. t. To exterminate. Shak.
EX-TERN', a. [L. externus.] 1. External ; outward ; vis-
ible. 2. Without itself ; not inherent ; not intrinsic,
EX-TERN'AL, a. [L. externus.] 1. Outward; exterior;
as tiie external surface of a body ; opposed to internal.
2. Outward ; not intrinsic ; not being within. 3. Exte-
rior ; visible ; apparent. 4. Foreign ; relating to or con-
nected with foreign nations
EX-TER-NAL'I-TY, n. External perception. A. Smith.
EX-TERN' AL-LY, adv. 1. Outwardly; on the outside.
2. In appearance ; visibly.
EX-TERN'ALS, n. plu. 1. The outward parts; exterior
form. 2. Outward rites and ceremonies ; visible forms.
EX-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. exterraneus.] Foreign ; com-
ing from abroad.
EX-TER'SION, n. [L. extersio.] The act of wiping or rub-
bing out.
EX-TILL', V. i. [L. extillo.] To drop or distil from.
EX-TIL-La'TION, 71. The act of falling in drops.
t EX-TIM'U-LATE. See Stimulate.
EX-TIBI-U-La'TION. See Stimulation.
EX-TIN€T', a. [L. extinctus.] 1. Extinguished ; put oui ,
quenched. 2. Being at an end ; having no survivor. 3.
Being at an end; having ceased. 4. Being at an end, by
abolition or disuse ; having no force.
t EX-TIN€T', V. t. To make extinct ; to put out. .Sets of
Pari.
EX-TIN€'TION, n. [L. extinctio.] 1. The act of putting
out or destroying light or fire. 2. The state of being ex-
tinguished, quenched or suffocated. 3. Destruction ; ex-
cision. 4. Destruction ; suppression ; a putting an end to.
EX-TIN'GUISH, v.t. [L. extinguo.] 1. To put out; to
quench ; to suffocate ; to destroy. 2. To destroy ; to put
an end to. 3. To cloud or obscure by superior splendor
EX-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. That may be quenched, de-
stroyed or suppressed.
EX-TIN'GUISHED, pp. Put out ; quenched ; stifled ; sup-
pressed ; destroved.
EX-TIN'GUISH-ER, n. 1. He or that which extinguishes.
2. A hollow conical utensil to be put on a candle to ex-
tinguish it.
EX-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. Putting out; quenchmg; sup-
pressing ; destroying.
EX-TIN'GUISH-MENT, n. 1. The act of putting out or
quenching ; extinction ; suppression ; destruction. 2. Ab-
olition ; nullification. 3. Extinction; a putting an end
to, or a coming to an end ; termination. 4. The putting
an end to a right or estate, by consolidation or union.
t EX-TiRP', V. t. To extirpate. Spenser.
EX-TiRP'A-BLE, a. That may be eradicated.
* EX'TIR-PATE, or EX-TtR'PATE, v. t. [L. extirpo.]
1. Tn pull or pluck up by the roots ; to root out ; to erad-
icate ; to destroy totally. 2. To eradicate ; to root out ;
to destroy wholly. — 3. In surgery, to cut out ; to cut off;
to eat out ; to remove.
* EX'TIR-PA-TED, or EX-TiR'PA-TED, pp. Plucked up
bv the roots ; rooted out ; eradicated ; totally destroyed.
* EX'TIR-PA-TING, or EX-TiR'PA-TING, ppr. Pulling
up or out by the roots ; eradicating ; totally destroying.
EX-TIR-Pa'TION, 71. The act of rooting out; eradication;
excision ; total destruction.
EX'TIR-PA-TOR, 71. One who roots out ; a destroyer.
t EX-ri-SPl"CIOUS, a. [L. extispicium.] Augurial ; rela-
ting to the inspection of entrails in order to prognostica-
tion. Brown.
EX-TOL', v. t. [L. extollo.] To raise in words or eulogy ;
to praise ; to exalt in commendation ; to magnify.
EX-TOL'LED, (ex-told') ppr. Exalted in commendation ;
praised ; magnified.
EX-TOL'LER, n. One who praises or magnifies ; a praiser
or magnifier.
EX-TOL'LING, ppr. Praising ; exalting by praise or com-
mendation ; magnifying.
EX-TORS'IVE, a. Serving to extort ; tending to draw from
by compulsion.
EX-TORS'IVE-LY, adv. In an extorsive manner.
EX-TORT'. V. t. [L. extortus.] 1. To draw from by force
or compulsion ; to wrest or wring from. 2. To gain bj
violence or oppression.
EX-TORT', V. i. To practice extortion. Spenser.
t EX-TORT', pp. for extorted. Spenser.
See Synopsis J , E, I, O, U, Y, long - FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
EXT
323
EXU
EX -TORT'ED, pp. Drawn from by compulsion.
EX-TORT'ER, n. One who extorts. Camden.
EX-TORT mG , ppr. Wresting from by force.
£X-TOR'TIO?^ , n. 1. The act of extorting; the act or
practice of wresting any thing from a person by fnrce,
duress, menai:es, authority, or by any undue exercise of
power; illegal exaction; illegal compulsion. 2. Force
or ihegal compulsion, by which any thing is taken from a
person.
EX-TORTION-ER, 71. One who practices extortion.
EX-TOR'TIOUS, a. Oppressive ; violent ; unjust.
EX'TRA, a Latin preposition, denoting beyond or excess ;
as, extra-work, extra-pay, work or pay beyond what is
usual or agreed on.
EX-TRAOT', V. t. [L. extractus.] 1. To draw out. 2. To
draw out, as the juices or essence of a substance, by dis-
tillation, solution or other means. 3. To take out ; to
take from. 4. To take out or select a part ; to take a
passage or passages from a book or writing. — 5. In a gen-
eral sense, to draw from by any means or operation.
EX'TRAOT, n. 1. That which is extracted or drawn from
something. — 2. In liter aturr ^ a passage taken from a book
or writing. — 3. In pharmacy, any thing drawn from a
substance, as essences, tinctures, &c. — ^L In chemistry, a
peculiar principle, supposed to form the basis of all vege-
table extracts ; called also the extractive principle. 5. Ex-
traction; descent; [obs.']
EX-TRACT'ED, pp. Drawn or taken out.
EX-TRA€T'ING, ppr. Drawing or taking out.
EX-TRA€'TION, n. [L. extractio.'] 1. The act of drawing
out. 2. Descent; lineage; birth; derivation of persons
from a stock or family. — 3. In pharmacy, the operation of
drawing essences, tinctures, fee. from a substance. — 4. In
arithmetic and algebra, the extraction of roots is the oper-
ation of finding the root of a given number or quantity ;
also, the method or rule by which the operation is per-
fonned.
EX-TRA€T'IVE, a. That may be extracted. Kirwan.
EX-TRA€T'IVE, ?t. The proximate principle of vegetable
extracts.
EX-TRA€T'OR, v. In midwifery, a forceps or instrument
for extracting children.
t EX-TRA-DIO'TION-A-RY, a. [L. extra and dictio.'] Con-
sisting not in words, but in realities. Brown.
EX-TRA-Do'TAL, a. Not belonging to dower ; parapher-
nal. Kent.
EX-TRA-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. extra and folium.'] In
botany, growing on the outside of a leaf.
EX-TRA-Ge'NE-OUS, a. [L. extra and genus.'] Belonging
to another kind
EX-TRA-JU-Di'CIAL, a. Out of the proper court, or the
ordinary course of legal procedure.
EX-TRA-JU-Dl'CIAL-LY, adv. In a manner out of the
ordinary course of legal proceedings.
EX-TRA-LIM'I-TA-RY, a. [extra and limit.] Being be-
yond the limit or bounds. Mitford.
EX-TRA-MIS'SION, n. A sending out ; emission,
EX-TRA-MUX'DANE, a. ['L. extra an&mundus.] Beyond
the limit of the material world.
EX-TRa'NE-OUS, a. [L. extraneus.] Foreign ; not be-
longing to a thing ; existing without ; not intrinsic.
EX-TRAORDI-NA-RIES, n. plu. Things which exceed
the usual order, kind or metliod.
EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RI-LY, (ex-tror'de-na-ri-ly) adv. In a
manner out of the ordinary or usual method ; beyond the
common course, limits or order ; in an uncommon degree ;
remarkably ; particularly ; eminently.
EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RI-N£SS, n. Uncommonness ; re-
markableness.
EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, (ex-tror'de-na-ry) a. [L. extraor-
dinariu.o.] 1. Beyond or out of the common order or
method ; not in the usual, customary or regular course ;
not ordinary. 2. Exceeding the common degree or meas-
ure ; hence, remarkable ; uncommon ; rare"; wonderfiil.
3. Special ; particular ; sent for a special purpose, or on a
particular occasion.
EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, n. Any thing which exceeds or-
dinary method or computation. Uncommon in the singu-
lar number.
EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, adv. ExtraordinariJy.
EX-TRA-PA-Ro'€HI-AL, a. [extra and parochial.] Not
within the limits of any parish.
EX-TRA-PRO FES'SION-AL, a. Foreign to a profession ;
not within the ordinarv limits of professional duty.
EX-TRA-PRO-VIN'CIAL, a. Not within the same prov-
ince.
EX-TRA-REG'U-LAR, a. [extra and regular.] Not coaa-
prehended within a rule or rules. Taylor.
EX-TRA-TER-RI-TO'RI-AL, a. Being beyond or without
the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction.
tEX-TRAlTGHT, old pp. of extract.
EX-TRAV'A-GANCE; ; n. [L. extra and vagans.] 1. Lit-
EX-TRAV'A-GAN-CY, \ erally, a wandering beyond a
limit. 2. A going bej'ond the limits of strict truth, or
probability. 3. Excess of affection, passion or appetite
4. Excess in expenditures of property ; the expending of
money without necessity, or beyond what is reasonable
or proper ; dissipation. 5. Any excess or wandering ficom
prescribed limits ; irregularity ; wilduess.
EX-TRAV'A-GANT, a. 1. Literally, wandering beyond
limits. 2. Excessive ; exceeding due bounds ; unreason
able. 3. Irregular ; wild ; not within ordinary limits of
truth or probability, or other usual bounds. 4. Exceeding
necessity or propriety; wasteful. 5. Prodigal; profuse
in expenses.
EX-TRAV'A-GANT, n. One who is confined to no general
rule. L^ Estrange.
EX-TRAV'A-GANT-LY, adv. 1. In an extravagant man-
ner ; wildly ; not within the limits of truth or probability
2. Unreasonably ; excessively. 3. In a manner to use
property without necessity or propriety, or to no good
purpose ; expensively, or profusely to an unjustifiable
degree.
EX-TRAV'A-GANT-NESS, n. Excess ; extravagance.
EX-TRAV'A-GANTS, 11. In church history, certain decre-
tal epistles or constitutions of the popes.
t EX-TRAV'A-GATE, v. i. To wander beyond limits.
EX-TRAV-A-Ga'TION, n. Excess ; a wandering beyond
limits. Smollet.
EX-TRAV'A-SA-TED, a. [L. extra and. vasa.] Forced or
let out of its proper vessels. Arbuthnot.
EX-TRAV-A-Sa'TION, n. The act of forcmg or letting out
of its proper vessels or ducts, as a fluid ; the state of being
forced or let out of its contaming vessels ; effusion.
t EX-TRA-Ve'NATE, a. Let out of the veins.
EX-TRA-VER'SION, n. The act of throwing out ; the state
of being turned or thrown out. [Little used.]
fEX-TREAT', 71. Extraction. Spenser.
EX-TRE?tIE', a. [L. extremus.] 1. Outermost; utmost,
farthest ; at the utmost point, edge, or border. 2. Great-
est ; most violent ; utmost. 3. Last ; beyond which
there is none. 4. Utmost ; worst or best that can exist
or be supposed. 5. Most pressing. — Extreme unction,
among the Romanists, is the anointing of a sick person
with oil, when decrepit with age, or affected with some
mortal^ disease, and usually just before death.
EX-TReME', 71. 1. The utmost point or verge of a thing ;
that part which terminates a body ; extremity. 2. Ut-
most point; furthest degree. — 3. In logic, the extremes
or extreme terms of a syllogism are the predicate and sub-
ject. — 4. In mathematics, tiie extremes are the first and
last terms of a proportion.
EX-TReME'LY, adv. I. In the utmost degree ; to the ut-
most point. — 2. In familiar language, very much;
greatly.
EX-TREM'I-TY, n. [L. extremitas.] 1. The utmost point
or side ; the verge ; the point or border that terminates a
thing. 2. The utmost parts. 3, The utmost point; the
highest or furthest degree. 4. Extreme or utmost dis-
tress, straits or difficulties. 5. The utmost rigor or vio-
lence. 6. The most aggravated state.
EX'TRI-€A-BLE, ^. That can be extricated.
EX'TRI-€ATE. v. t. [L. extrico.] ]. To disentangle; to
free from difficulties or perplexities; to disembarrass. 2.
To send oat ; to cause to be emitted or evolved.
EX'TRI-rA-TED, pp. Disentangled ; freed from difficulties
and perplexities ; disembarrassed; evolved.
EX'TRI-€A-TING, ppr. Disentangling ; disembarrassing ;
pv'olving.
fX-TRI-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The act of disentangling ; a free-
ing from perplexities ; disentanglement. 2. The act of
sending out or evolving.
EX-TRIN'SI€, }a. [L. extrinsecus.] External; out-
EX-TRIN'SI-€AL, ) ward ; not contained in or belonging
to a body.
EX-TRIN'SI-€AL-LY, adv. From without ; externally.
t EX-TRUOT, v. t. [L. extructus.] To build ; to construct.
t EX-TRU€'TION, n. A building.
EX-TRU€T'IVE, a. Forming into a structure. Fulke.
t EX-TRU€T'OR, 7z. A builder; a fabricator; a contriver.
EX-TRuDE', V. t. [L. extrudo.] 1. To thrust out ; to
urge, force or press out; to expel. 2. To drive away ; to
drive off.
EX-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust out ; driven out ; expelled.
EX-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting out ; expelling.
EX-TRu'SION, 7i. The act of thrusting or throwing out ; a
driving out ; expulsion.
EX-TU'BER-ANCE, ) n. [L. extuberans.] 1. In medicine,
EX-Tu'BER-.\N-CY, \ a swellmg or rising of the flesh ;
a protuberant part. 2. A knob or swellmg part of a body.
EX-TU'BE-RANT, a. Swelled ; standing out.
t EX-Tu'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. extubero.] To swell.
EX-TU-MES CENCE, n. [L. extumescens.] A swelling or
rising. [Little used.]
EX-U'BER-ANCE, )n. ['L. exuherans.] 1. An abundance-,
EX-U'BER-AN-CY, \ an overflowing quantity ; richness.
2. Superfluous abundance ; luxuriance. 3. Overgrowth,
superfluous shoots, as of trees.
* See Synopsis. flIOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ) S as Z j CH as SH } TH as in this, f ObsoUis
FAB 324
EX-U'BER-ANT, a. I Abundant j plenteous ; rich. 2.
Over-abundant ; superfluous ; luxuriant. 3. Pouring forth
abundance ; producing in plenty.
EX-U BER-ANT-LY, adv. Abundantly; very copiously;
in great plenty ; to a superfluous degree.
EX-U'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. exubero.] To abound; to be in
FAB
great abundance. [Little used.]
1, a. r
Brown
EX-U€'€OUS,
L. exsuccus.] Without juice ; dry.
*EX'U-DATE, or EX-UDE', v. t. and i. See Exsude, the
preferable orthography,
EX-U-Da'TION, n. See Exsudation.
EX-UD'ED, pp. See Exsuded.
EX-UDING, ppr. See Exsuding.
EX-UL'CER ate, v. t. [L. exulcero.] 1. To cause an ul-
cer. 2. To afflict ; to corrode ; to fret or anger.
EX-UL CER-ATE, v. i. Tc become an ulcer, or ulcerous.
EX-UL'CER-ATE, a. Wounded ; vexed ; enraged Brown. ,
EX-UL CER-A-TED, pp. Affected with ulcers.
EX-UL'CER-A-TING, ppr. Producing ulcers on ; frettmg ;
becoming ulcerous.
EX-UL-CER-a'TION, n. 1. The act of causing ulcers on a
body, or the process of becoming ulcerous ; the beginning
erosion which wears away the substance, and forms an
ulcer. 2. A fretting; exacerbation; corrosion.
EX-UL'CER- A-TO-RY, a. Having a tendency to form ul-
cers.
EX-ULT', (egz-ulf) V. i. [L. exulto.] To rejoice in tri-
umph ; to rejoice exceedingly at success or victory ; to be
glad above measure ; to triumph.
lix-ULT'AN-CY, i ""• Exultation. Hammond.
EX-ULT' ANT, a. Rejoicing triumphantly. More.
EX-UL-Ta'TION, n. The act of exulting ; lively joy at
success or victory, or at any advantage gained ; great
gladness; rapturous delight; triumph.
EX-ULT'ING, ppr. Rejoicing greatly or in triumph.
t EX-UN'DATE, v. i. To overflow.
EX-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. exundatio.] An overflowing
abundance. [Little used,] Ray.
t EX-U'PER-ATE, v. t. To excel ; to surmount.
f EX-UR'6ENT, a. [L. exurgens.] Arising; commencing.
Dr. Favour.
t EX-US'CI-TATE, V, t. [L. exsuscito.] To stir up ; to rouse.
t EX-UST', w. t. [li, exustv^.] To burn. Cockeram.
£X-US'TION, 71. [L. exustus.] The act or operation of
burning up.
EX-U'VI-jE, n. plu. [L.l 1. Cast skins, shells or cover-
ings of animals. 2. The spoils or remains of animals
found in the earth.
EY, in old writers, Sax. ig, signifies an isle.
E^'AS, 71. [Fr. niais,] A young hawk just taken from the
nest, not able to prev for itself. Shak.
fE-f'AS, a. Unfledged. Spenser,
EfAS-MUS'KET, n. A young unfledged male hawk, of
the musket kind, or sparrow-hawk. Shak.
Ef'E, (I) 71. [Sax. eag, eah.] 1. Tlte organ of sight or vis-
ion ; properly, the globe or ball movable in the orbit. 2.
sight ; view ; ocular knowledge. 3. Look ; countenance.
4. Front; face. 5. Direct opposition. 6. Aspect; re-
gard ; respect ; view. 7. Notice ; observation ; vigilance ;
watch. 8. View of the mind ; opinion formed by obser-
vation or contemplation. 9. Sight; view, eithei in a lit-
eral or figurative sense. 10. Something resembliinjr the
eye in form. 11. A small hole or aperture ; a perforation.
12. A small catch for a hook ; as we say, hooks and eyes
13. The bud of a plant ; a shoot. 14. A small shade of
color ; [little used.] 15. The power of perception. 16.
Oversight ; inspection.— The eyes of a ship are the parts'
which lie near the hawse-holes, particularly, in the lowei
apartments. — To set the eyes on is to see ; to have a sight
of.—T'o find favor in the eyes is to be graciously received
and treated.
EYE, 71. A brood ; as, an eye of pheasants.
EYE, V. t. To fix the eye on ; to look on ; to view ; to ob
serve ; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly.
EYE, v.i. Toappesr; to have an appearance. Shak.
E^E'B^LL, 71. The ball, globe or apple of the eye.
EYE Beam, 71. A glance of the eye. Shak,
EyE'BoLT, n. In ships, a bar of iron or bolt, with an eye,
formed^ to be driven into.the deck or sides.
EYE BRIGHT, n. A genus of plants, the euphrasia.
EyE'BRiGHT-EN-ING, n. A clearing of the sight.
EYE'BROW, 71. The brow or hairy arch above the eye.
Eyed pp l~ viewed ; observed ; watched. 2. a. Hav-
ing eyes ; used in composition
EYEDROP, 71. A tear. Shak.
EYE'GLivNCE, n. A glance of the eye ; a rapid look.
EYE'GLASS, n. A glass to assist the sight ; spectacles.
t EyE'-GLUT-TING, n. A feasting of the eyes. Spenser
EYE'LASH, 71. The line of hair that edges the eyelid.
EyE'LESS, a. Wanting eyes; destitute of sight.
EYE'LET, n. [Fr. oRillet,] A small hole or perforation, to
receive a lace or small rope or cord.
EYE'LI-AD, 71. [Fr. aillade.] A glance of the eye.
EYE'LID, 71. The cover of the eye ; that portion of mova-
ble skin with v/hich an animal covers the eyebcdl, or un-
covers it, at pleasure.
EYE'-OF-FEND'ING, a. That hurts the eyes. Shale.
EYE'-PLeAS-ING, a. Pleasing the eye. Davies.
EY'ER, n. One who eyes another. Gayton.
EYE'-SALVE, n. Ointment for the eye. Revelation.
EYE'-SER-VANT, 71. A servant who attends to his duty
only when watched.
EyE'-SER-VICE, 71. Service performed only under inspec-
tion or the eye of an employer.
EYE'SHOT, 71. Sight ; view ; glance of the eye. Dryden.
EYE'SiGHT, 71. 1. The sight of the eye ; view ; observa-
tion. 2. The sense of seeing.
EyE'SORE, 71. Something oflensive to the eye or sight.
EYE'SPLiCE, 71. In seamen's language, a sort of eye or
circle at the end of a rope. Mar. Diet.
EyE'SPOT-TED, a. Marked with spots like eyes. Spenser.
EYE'STONE, n. A small calcarious stone, used for taking
substances from between the lid and bail of the eye.
EYE'STRING, n. The tendon by which the eye is mov-
ed.
EYE'TOOTH, n. A tooth under the eye ; a pointed tooth
in the upper jaw next to the grinders, called also a canine
tooth ; a fang.
EYE' WINK, n, A wink, or motion of the eyelid.
EyE'-WIT-NESS, 71. One who sees a thing done ; one who
has ocular view of any thing.
EY'OT, n. A little isle. Blackstone.
* EyRE, (ire) n. [Old Fr.] 1. Literally, a journey or cir-
cuit. In England, the justices in eyre were itinerant
judges, who rode the circuit to hold courts in the difllerent
counties. 2. A court of itinerant justices.
* EY'RY, 71. The place where birds of prey construct their
nests and hatch. It is written also ei/'^e. See-AsRis.
F.
Fthe sixth letter of the English Alphabet, is a labial ar-
y ticulation, formed by placing the upper teeth on the
under lip, and accompanied with an emission of breath.
Its kindred letter is v, which is chiefly distinguished from
/by being more vocal, or accompanied with more sound,
as may be perceived by pronouncing ef, ev, F, in English,
has one uniform sound, as in father, after, F stand's for
fellow ; F. R. S., Fellow of the Royal Society.
F or FA, in music, is the fourth note rising in this order in
the gamut, wf, re, mi, fa.
FA-Ba'CEOUS, a, [Low Tu.fabaceus.] Having the nature
of a bean; like a bean.
Fa'BI-AN, a. Delaying ; dilatory ; avoiding battle, in imi-
tation of a. Fabius Maximus.
Fa'BLE, 71. [L.fabula; Ft. fable,] 1. A feigned story or
tale, intended to instruct or amuse ; a fictitious narration
intended to enforce some useful truth or precept. 2. Fic-
tion in general. 3. An idle story ; vicious or vulgar fic-
tions. 4. The plot, or connected series of events, in an
epic or dramatic poem. 5. Falsehood; a sofl;er term for
alia.
1. To feign; to write fiction. 2. To tell
FA'BLE, v.
falsehoods.
Fa'BLe, V, t. To feign; to invent ; to devise and speak of
as true or real.
Fa'BLED, pp. 1. Feigned ; invented, as stories. 2. a.
Told or celebrated in fables. Tickel.
Fa'BLER, n, A writer of fables or fictions ; a dealer in
feigned stories. Johnson.
Fa'BLING, ppr. Peignmg ; devising, as stories ; writing
or uttering false stories.
* FAB'RIC, 71. [L. fabHca.] 1. The structure of any thing ;
the manner in which the parts of a thing are united by
art and labor ; workmanship ; texture. 2. The frame or
structure of a building ; construction ; the building itself;
an edifice ; a house ; a temple ; a church ; a bridge, &c.
3. Any system composed of connected parts. 4. Cloth
manufactured.
* FAB'RIC, V, t. To frame ; to build ; to construct.
FABIRI-CATE, V. t. [L.,fabrico,] 1. To frame ; to build ;
to construct ; to form a whole by connecting its parts, 2.
* See Synopsis A, E, T, 0, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
FAC
325
FAD
To form by art and labor ; to manufacture. 3. To invent
and form ; to forge ; to devise falsely. 4. To coin.
£''AB'RI-eA-TED, pp. I'ramed ; constructed ; built ; man-
ufactured ; invented ; devised falsely ; forged.
FAB'RI-€A-TING, ppr. Framing ; constructing j manufac-
turing ; devising falsely : forging.
FAB-RI-eA'TION, n. 1. The act of framing or construct-
ing 5 construction. 2. The act of manufacturing. 3. The
act of devising falsely 5 forgery. 4. That which is fabri-
cated ; a falsehood.
FAB'RI-€A-TOR, n. One that constructs or makes.
tFAB'RlLE a. [L.fabrUis.] Pertaining to handicrafts.
FAB'U-LIST, n. The inventor or writer of fables.
FAB'U-LiZE, V. t. To invent, compose or relate fables.
FAB-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Fabulousness ; fullness of fables.
FABTJ-LOUS, a. 1, Feigned, as a story 5 devised 5 ficti-
tious. 2. Related in fable ; described or celebrated in fa-
bles ; invented ; not real. 3. The fabulous age of Greece
and Rome was the early age of those countries.
FAB-U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a fabulous manner.
FAB'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being fabulous.
FAB'UR-DEN, n. [Fr. fauxbourdon.] In music, simple
counterpoint.
FAC-ADE', (fas-sade') n. [Fr.] Front. TVarton.
FACE, n. [Fr . face ; It. faccia'.] 1. In a general sense, the
surface of a thing, or the side which presents itself to the
view of a spectator. 2. A part of the surface of a thing ;
or the plane surface of a solid. 3. The surface of the fore
part of an animal's head, particularly, of the human head ;
the visage. 4. Countenance; cast of features ; look j air
of the face. 5. The front of a thing ; the fore part ; the
flat surface that presents itself first to view. 6." Visible
state ; appearance. 7. Appearance ; look. 8. State of
confrontation. 9. Confidence ; boldness ; impudence ; a
bold front, 10. Presence; sight. 11. The person. 12.
In Scripture, face is used for anger or favor. — To set the
face agauist, is to oppose. 13. A distorted form of the
face. — Face to face, nakedly ; without the interposition
of any other body.
FACE, V. t. 1. To meet in front ; to oppose with firmness ;
to resist, or to meet for the purpose of stopping or opposing.
2. To btand opposite to ; to stand with the face or front
towards. 3. To cover with additional superficies ; to
cover in front. — To face down, to oppose boldly or impu-
dently.
FACE, V. i. 1. To carry a false appearance ; to play the
hypocrite. 2. To turn the face.
FaCE'CLOTH, n. A cloth laid over the face of a corpse.
Brand.
Fa'CED, (faste) pp. Covered in front.— In composition, de-
noting the kind of face, as full-faced. Bailey.
FaCE'LESS, a. Without a face.
FaCE'PAINT-ER, n. A painter of portraits ; one who
draws the likeness ol the face.
FaCE'PAINT-ING, n. The act or art of painting por-
traits.
FACET, n. [Fr. facette.] A little face; a small surface;
as, the facets of a diamond.
+ FA-CETE', a. [L.facetus.] Gay; cheerful. Burton.
fFA-CETE'NESS, ?i. Wit; pleasant representation.
tFA-CETE'LY, ado. Wittily ; meiTily. Burton.
FA-Ce'TIOUS, a. [Fr. facetieux.] 1. Meny; sportive;
jocular ; sprightly with wit and good humor. 2. Witty ;
full of pleasantry ; playful ; exciting laughter.
FA-Ce'TIOUS-LY, ado. Merrily ; gayly ; wittily ; with
pleasantry.
FA-Ce'TIOUS-NESS, n. Sportive humor ; pleasantry ; the
quality of exciting laughter or good humor.
FA"CIAL, a. [h. fades.] Pertaining to the face; as, the
facial artery, vein or nerve.
t Fa'CIENT, n A doer ; one that does any thing, good or
bad.
FACILE, a. [Fr. facile.] 1. Properly, easy to be done or
performed ; easy ; not difficult ; perfoi-mable or attamable
with little labor. 2. Easy to be surmounted or removed ;
easily conquerable. 3. Easy of access or converse ; mild ;
courteous ; not haughty, austere, or distant. 4. Pliant ;
flexible ; easily persuaded to good or bad ; yielding ; duc-
tile to a fault.
t FAC'lLE-LY, ad?j. Easily. Herbert.
FAC'iLE-NESS, n. Easiness to be persuaded.
FA-CIL'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. faciliter.] To make easy or
less difiicult ; to free from difficulty or impediment, or to
diminish it ; to lessen the labor of.
FA-CIL'I-TA-TED, pp. Made easy or easier.
FA-CIL'I-TA-TING, ppr. Rendering easy or easier.
FA-CII^I-Ta'TION, n. The act of making easy.
FA-CIL'I-TIES, n. plu. Tlie means by which the perform-
ance of any thing is rendered easy.
FA-CIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. facility ; L. facilitas.] 1. Easiness
to be performed ; freedom from difficulty ; ease, 2. Ease
of performance ; readiness proceeding from skill or use ;
dexterity. 3. Pliancy ; ductility ; easmess to be persuad-
ed ; readiness of compliance, usually in a bad sense. 4.
Easiness of access ; complaisance : condescension , afla
bility.
FAC-I-NE'RI-OUS. See Facinorous.
Fa'CING, ppr. 1. Fronting ; having the face towards ; op-
posite. 2. Covering the fore part. 3. Turning the face.
Fa'CING, n. A covering in front for ornament or defense.
FA-CIN'O-ROUS, a. [L, facinus.] Atrociously wicked.
FA-CIN'0-ROUS-NESS, n. Extreme wickedness.
FA€-SIMiI-LE, n. [L.facio and similis.] An exact copy or
likeness, as of handwriting.
FACT, n. [h. factum.] 1. Any thing done, or that comes
to pass ; an act ; a deed ; an eifect produced or achieved ;
an event. 2. Reality ; truth.
FACTION, w. [Fr.] 1. A' party, in ^joZiiicai sociei?/, com-
bined or acting in union, in opposition to the prince, gov-
ernment or state. 2. Tumult ; discord ; dissension.
FACTION- A-RY, n. A party man ; one of a faction.
t FACTION-ER, n. One of a faction. Bp. Bancroft.
FAC'TION-IST, 71. One who promotes faction.
FACTIOUS, a. [Fr. factieux ; l..factiosus.] 1. Given to
faction ; addicted to form parties and raise dissensions in
opposition to government; turbulent; prone to clamor
against public measures or men. 2. Pertaining to fac-
tion ; proceeding from faction.
FACTIOUS-LY, adv. In a factious manner ; by means of
faction ; in a turbulent or disorderly manner.
FAfJ'TIOUS-NESS, n. Inclination to form parties in oppo-
sition to the government or to the public interest ; disposi-
tion to clamor and raise opposition ; clamorousness for a
party.
FAC-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. factitius.] Made by art, in distinc-
tion from wliat is produced by nature ; artificial.
t FACTIVE, a. Making ; having power to make.
FACTOR, n. [li. factor.] 1. In commerce, an agent em-
ployed by merchants, residing in other places, to buy and
sell, and to transact business on their account. 2. An
agent ; a substitute. — 3. In arithmetic, the multiplier and
multiplicand, from the multiplication of which proceeds
the product.
FACTOR- A6E, n. The allowance given to a factor by his
employer, as a compensation for his services ; called also
a commission.
FA€'TOR-SHIP, n. A factory ; the business of a factor.
FACTO-RY, v.. 1. A house or place where factors reside,
to transact business for their employers. 2. The body of
factors in any place. 3. Contracted from manufactory, a
building or collection of buildings, appropriated to tlie
manufacture of goods.
FAC-To'TUM, 71. [L.] A servant employed to do all kinds
of work. B. Jonson.
FACT'lIRE, 71. [Fr.] The art or manner of making.
FACUL-TY, 71. {Fx.faculte ; Ij.facultas.] 1. That power
of the mind or intellect which enables it to receive, revive
or modify perceptions. 2. The power of doing any thing ;
ability. 3. The power of performing any action, natural,
vital or animal. 4. Facility of performance ; the peculiar
skill derived from practice, or practice aided by nature ;
habitual skill or ability ; dexterity ; adroitness ; knack.
5. Personal quality ; disposition or habit, good or ill. 6.
Power ; authority. 7. Mechanical power. 8. Natural
virtue ; efficacy. 9. Privilege ; a right or power granted
to a person.— 10. In colleges, the masters and professors
of the several sciences ; one of the members or depart-
ments of a university. — In America, the faculty of a col-
lege or university consists of the president, professors and
tutors. — The faculty of advocates, in 'Scotland, is a re-
spectable body of lawyers who plead in all causes before
the courts of session, justiciary and exchequer.
*FACUND, a. [L. facundus.] Eloquent. [Little used.]
FA-€UND'I-TY, 71. [J^.facunditas.] Eloquence; readiness
of speech.
FAD'DLE, v.i. To trifle ; to toy ; to play. [A low word.]
t FADE, a. TFr.] Weak ; slight ; faint. Berkeley.
FADE, V. i." [Fr. fade.] 1. To lose color ; to tend from a
stronger or brighter color to a more faint shade of the same
color, or to lose a color entirely. 2. To wither, as a plant;
to decay. 3. To lose strength gradually ; to vanish. 4.
To lose lustre; to grow dim. 5. To decay; to perish
gradually. 6. To decay ; to decline ; to become poor and
miserable, 7. To lose strength, health or vigor ; to de-
cline ; to grow weaker. 8. To disappear gradually ; to
vanish.
FADE, V. t. To cause to wither ; to wear away ; to deprive
of freshness or vigor.
FaD'ED, pp. Become less vivid, as color ; withered ; de-
cayed ; vanished.
FADGE, (faj) v. i. [Sax. f(Bgen, gefegen.] 1. To suit ; to
fit ; to come close, as the parts of things united ; to have
one part consistent with another. 2- To agree ; to live in
amity. 3. To succeed ; to hit. „ . , ^
FAD6E, 71. [Swed. fagga.] A bundle, as of sticks. Cra
ven dialect. . . ,
FaD'ING, ppr. 1. Losing color; becoming less vivid; de-
caying ; declining ; withering. 2. a. Subject to decay ;
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K } 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH j TH aa in this, f Ot^aolele,
FAI
326
lAI
liable to lose freshness and vigor ; liable to perish ; not
^tftable ; transient.
FaD'ING, n. Decay ; loss of color, freshness or vigor.
FaD'ING-NESS, n. Decay ; liableness to decay.
FaD'Y, a. Wearing avpay ; losing color or strength.
P^'€AL See Fecal.
F^'CES, n [L.] Excrement ; also, settlings ; sediment af-
ter infusion or distillation. Quincy.
FAFF. See Fuff,
f FAF'FEL, V. i. To stammer. Barret.
t FAG, V. t. To beat.
t FAG, n. A slave ; one who works hard.
FAG, V. i. [Scot. faiJc] To become weary ; to fail in
strength ; to be feint with weariness.
t FAG, n. A knot in cloth.
FAG-END , n. 1. The end of a web of cloth, generally of
coarser materials. 2. The refuse or meaner part of any
thing. — 3. Among seamen the untwisted end of a rope ;
hence, to fag out, is to become untwisted and loose.
FAG'OT, 71. iW.fagod.] 1. A bundle of sticks, twigs or
small branches of trees, used for fuel, or for raising batter-
ies, filling ditches, and other purposes in fortification.
2. A person hired to appear at musters in a company not
full, and hide the deficiency.
FAG'OT, V. t. To tie together ; to bind in a bundle ; to col-
lect promiscuously Dryden.
FAH'LERZ, n. Gray copper, or gray copper ore.
FAH'LUN-ITE, n. [from Fahlun.] Automalite.
PAIL, V. i. [Yr.faillir.] 1. To become deficient ; to be in-
sufficient ; to cease to be abundant for supply ; or to be en-
tirely wanting. 2. To decay ; to decline ; to sink ; to be
diminished. 3. To decline ; to decay ; to sink ; to be-
come weaker. 4. To be extinct ; to cease ; to be entirely
wanting ; to be no longer produced. 5. To be entirely
exhausted ; to be wanting ; to cease from supply. 6. To
cease j to perish ; to be lost. 7. To die. 8. To decay ; to
decline. 9. To become deficient or wanting. 10. To
miss ; not to produce the effect. 11. To be deficient in
duty ; to omit or neglect. 12. To miss ; to miscarry ; to
be frustrated or disappointed. 13. To be neglected ; to
fall short ; not to be executed. 14. To become insolvent
or bankrupt.
FAIL, V. t. 1. To desert ; to disappoint ; to cease or to neg-
lect or omit to afford aid, supply or strec^th. 2. To omit ;
not to perform. 3. To be wanting to.
FAIL, n. 1. Omission ; non-performance. 2. Miscarriage ;
failure ; deficience ; want ; death.
t FaIL'ANCE, v. Fault ; failure.
FaIL'ER. See Failure.
FaIL'ING, ppr. Becoming deficient or insufficient ; becom-
ing weaker ; decaying ; declining ; omitting ; not execut-
ing or performing j miscarrying ; neglecting ; wanting 5
becoming bankrupt or insolvent.
FaIL'ING, n. 1. The act of failing ; deficiency ; imperfec-
tion; lapse ; fault. 2. The act of failing or becommg in-
solvent.
FaIL'URE, (fail'yur) n. 1. A failing ; deficience ; cessation
of supply, or total defect. 2. Omission ; non-perform-
ance. 3. Decay, or defect from decay. 4. A breaking,
or becoming insolvent. 5. A failing ; a slight fault.
FAIN, a. [Sax.fagen,f<egan.] Glad; pleased; rejoiced.
FAIN, adv. Gladly ; with'joy or pleasure.
t FAIN, V. i. To wish or desire.
FaIN'ING, fpr. Wishing ; desiring fondly. Spenser.
FAINT, a. [Ir. faine.] 1. Weak ; languid ; inclined to
swoon. 2. Weak ; feeble ; languid ; exhausted. 3. Weak,
as color ; not bright or vivid ; not strong. 4. Feeble ;
weak, as sound ; not loud. 5. Imperfect ; feeble ; not
striking. 6. Cowardly ; timorous. 7. Feeble ; not vig-
orous ; not active. 8. Dejected ; depressed ; dispirited.
FAINT, V. i. 1 . To lose the animal functions ; to lose
strength and color, and become senseless and motionless ;
to swoon. 2. To become feeble ; to decline or fail in
strength and vigor ; to be weak. 3. To sink into dejec-
tion ; to lose courage or spirit. 4. To decay ; to disap-
pear ; to vanish; as, gilded clouds, while we gaze on
them,/aint before the eye. Pope.
FAINT, V. t. To defect ; to depress ; to weaken. [Little m.]
FAINT-HEaRT'ED, a. Cowardly ; timorous ; dejected ;
easilv depressed, or yielding to fear.
FAINT-HEART'ED-LY, adv. In a cowardly manner.
FAINT-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Cowardice ; timorousness ;
want of courage.
FaINT'ING, ppr. Falling into a swoon ; failing ; losing
strength 01 courage ; becoming feeble or timid.
FaINT'ING, n. A temporary loss of strength, color and
respiration ; syncope ; deliquium ; leipothymy ; a swoon.
FAINT'ISH, a. Sllorhtly faint.
FaINT'ISH-NESS, u. a sliglit degree of faintness.
tFAlNT'LING, a. Timorous ; feeble-minded.
FaINT'LY, adv. 1. In -a fer'ble, languid manner; without
vigor or activity. 2. With a feeble flame. 3. With a
feeble light. 4. With little force. 5. Without force of
representation ; imperfectly. 6. In a low tone ; with a
fee Die voice. 7. Without spirit or courage ; timor
ously.
FaINT'NESS, n. 1. The state of being faint; loss of
strength, color and respiration. 2. Feebleness ; languor ;
want of strength. 3. Inactivity ; want of vigor. 4. Fee-
bleness, as of color or light. 5. Feebleness of representa-
tion. 6. Feebleness of mind ; timorousness ; dejection ;
irresolution.
FAINTS, n. plu. The gross, fetid oil remaining after dis-
tillation, or the last runnings of spirits distilled.
FaINT'Y, a. Weak ; feeble ; languid. Dryden.
FAIR, a. [Sax. /ffi^er.] 1. Clear; free from spots; free
from a dark hue ; white. 2. Beautiful ; handsome ; prop-
erly, having a handsome face. 3. Pleasing to the eye ;
handsome or beautiful, in general. 4. Clear ; pure ; free
from feculence or extraneous matter. 5. Clear ; not
cloudy or overcast. 6. Favorable ; prosperous ; blowing
in a direction towards the place of destination. 7. Open ;
direct, as a way or passage. 8. Open to attack or access ;
unobstructed. 9. Open; frank; honest; hence, equal;
just ; equitable. 10. Not effected by insidious or unlaw-
ful methods ; not foul. 11. Frank ; candid ; not sophisti-
cal or insidious. 12. Honest ; honorable ; mild ; opposed
to insidious and compulsory. 13. Frank ; civil ; pleasing ;
not harsh. 14. Equitable ; just ; merited. 15. Liberal;
not narrow. 16. Plain ; legible. 17. Free from stain or
blemish ; unspotted ; untarnished.
FAIR, adv. 1. Openly; frankly; civilly; complaisant! y.
2. Candidly ; honestly ; equitably. 3. Happily ; success-
fully. 4. On good terms. — To hid fair, is to be likely, or
to have a fair prospect. — Fair and square, just dealing ;
honesty.
FAIR, n. \ . Elliptically, a fair woman ; a handsome fe-
male. — 77ie /air, the female sex. 2. Fairness; [obs.]
FAIR, n. [Ft. foire ; W. fair.} A stated market in a partic-
ular town or city ; a stated meeting of buyers and sellers
for trade.
FAIR'-HAND, a. Having a fair appearance. Shak.
FAIR'ING, 71. A present given at a fair. Gay.
FAIR'ISH, a. Reasonably fair. Cotgrave.
FAIR'LY, adv. 1. Beautifully ; handsomely. 2. Commodi-
ously ; conveniently. 3. Frankly ; honestly ; justly ;
equitably ; without disguise or fraud. 4. Openly ; in-
genuously ; plainly. 5. Candidly. 6. Without perver-
sion or violence. 7. Without blots ; in plain letters ;
plainlv ; legibly. 8. Completely ; without deficience.
9. Softly; gently.
FAIR'NESS, n. 1. Clearness ; freedom from spots or blem-
ishes ; whiteness. 2. Clearness ; purity. 3. Freedom
from stain or blemish. 4. Beauty; elegance. 5. Frank-
ness ; candor ; hence, honesty ; ingenuousness. 6. Open-
ness ; candor ; freedom from disguise, insidiousness or
prevarication. 7. Equality of terms ; equity. 8. Distinct-
ness ; freedom from blots or obscurity.
FAIR'-SPoK-EN, a. Using fair speech ; bland ; civil ; court-
eous ; plausible.
FAI'RY, n. [G./ee ; Fr. /ee, /eerie.] 1. A fay; an imag-
inary being or spirit, supposed to assume a human form,
dance in meadows, steal infants, and play a variety of
pranks. 2. An enchantress.
t FAI'RY, a. 1. Belonging to fairies. 2. Given by fairies.
FAI'RY-LIKE, a. Imitating the manner of fairies. Shak.
FAI'RY-STONE, n. A stone found in gravel pits.
FAITH, n. [W.fyz ; Arai./eiz.] 1. Belief; the assent of
the mind to the "truth of what is declared by another, rest-
ing on his authority and veracity, without other evi-
dence. 2. The assent of the mind to the truth of a propo-
sition advanced by another; belief, on probable evidence.
— 3. In theoloffy, the assent of the mind or understanding
to the truth of what God has revealed. — 4. Evangelical,
justifying-, or saving faith, \s the assent of the mind to the
"truth of divine revelation, on the authority of God's testi-
mony, accompanied with a cordial assent of the will, or
approbation of the heart. 5. The object of belief; a doc
trine or system of doctrines believed ; a system of reveal
ed truths received by Christians. 6. 'fhe promises of
God, or his truth and faithfulness. 7. An open profession
of gospel truth. 8. A persuasion or belief of the lawful-
ness of things indifferent. 9. Faithfulness; fidelity; a
strict adherence to duty and fulfillment of promises. 10.
Word or honor pledged; promise given; fidelity. 11.
Sincerity ; honesty ; veracity ; faithfulness. 12. Credibil-
ity or truth.
FAITH, adv. A colloquial expression, meaning in truth,
verihi.
FaITH'-BReACH, n. Breach of fidelity ; disloyalty ; perfi-
dy. Shak.
tFAITH'ED, (faitht) a. Honest; sincere. Shak.
FaITH'FUL, a. ]. Firm in adherence to the truth and to
the duties of religion. 2. Firmly adhering to duty; of
true fidelity ; loyal ; true to allegiance. 3. Constant in
the performance of duties or services ; exact in attending
to commands. 4. Observant of compacts, treaties, con-
tracts, vows or other engagements ; true to one's word
* See Synopsis. ^ , E, T, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
FAL
327
FAL
5 True ; exact ; in conformity to the letter and spirit.
6 True to the marriage covenant. 7. Conformable to
truth. 8. Constant; not fickle. 9. True; worthy of be-
lief. 2 Tim ii.
FaITH'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a faithful manner ; with good
faith. 2. With strict adherence to allegiance and duty.
3. With strict observance of promises, vows, covenants
or duties ; without failure of performance ; honestly ; ex-
actly. 4. Sincerely ; with strong assurances. 5. lionest-
ly ; truly ; without defect, fraud, trick or ambiguity. 6.
Confidently ; steadily.
FaITH'FUL-NESS, 71. 1. Fidelity; loyalty; firm adhe-
rence to allegiance and duty. 2. Truth ; veracity. 3.
Strict adherence to injunctions, and to the duties of a sta-
tion. 4. Strict performance of promises, vows or cove-
nants ; constancy in affection.
FaITH'LESS, a. 1. Without belief in the revealed truths
of religion ; unbelieving. 2. Not believing ; not giving
credit to. 3. Not adhering to allegiance or duty ; disloy-
al ; perfidious ; treacherous. 4. Not true to a master or
employer; neglectful. 5. Not true to the marriage cove-
nant ; false 6. Not observant of promises. 7. Deceptive.
FaITH'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Unbelief, as to revealed religion.
2. Perfidy ; treachery ; disloyalty, 3. Violation of prom-
ises or covenants ; inconstancy.
t Fa1'T5UR, w, [Norm.] An evildoer ; a scoundrel ; a
mean fellow. Spe^iser.
FAKE, n. [Scot, faik.] One of the circles or windings of a
cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil ; a single turn or coil.
Fa'KIR, or FA'aUIR, n. A monk in India. The fakirs sub-
ject themselves to servere austerities and mortifications.
FAL-€aDE', 71. [L. falx.] A horse is said to make a fal-
cade, when he throws himself on his haanclies two or
iliree times, as in very quick cui-vets ; that is, a falcade
is a bending very low.
FALOATE, )a. [L. falcatus.] Hooked; bent like a
FALCA-TED, ] sickle or sythe ; an epithet applied to the
new moon.
FAL-Ca'TION, n. Crookedness ; a bending in the form of
a sickle. Brown.
*FAL'CHION, (fal'chun) n. [Fr. fauchon.] A short, crook-
ed sword ; a cimiter.
FAL'CI-FORM, a. [L. falx. and form.] In the shape of a
sickle ; resembling a reaping-hook.
* FAL'CON, (sometimes pronounced faw'kn.) n. [Fr. fau-
con.] 1. A hawk ; but appropriately, a hawk trained to
sport, as in falconry. — This term, in ornithology, is applied
to a division of the genus /a?co. 2. A sort of cannon.
*FAL'€ON-ER, ii. [Fx. faiiconnier.'] A person who breeds
and trains hawks for taking wild fowls.
FAL'CO-NET, 71. [Fr. falconette.'] A small cannon.
* FAL'CON-RY, n. [Fr. fauconncric] 1. The art of train-
ing hawks to the exercise of hawking. 2. The practice
of taking wild fowls by means of hawks.
FALD' AGE, n. [ W. fald.] In England, a privilege which
anciently several lords reserved to themselves of setting
up folds for sheep, in any fields within their manors. •
FALD'FEE, n. A fee or composition paid anciently by ten-
ants for the privilege of faldage.
fFALD'ING, 71. A kind of coarse cloth. Chaucer.
FALD'STOOL, 71. 1. A kind of stool placed at the south
side of the altar, at which the kings of England kneel at
their coronation. 2. The chair of a bishop inclosed by
the railing of the altar. 3. An arm chair or folding chair.
FALL, V. i.; pret fell ; p-p. fallen. [Sax. feallan ; G. fallen.]
i. To drop from a higher place ; to descend by the power
of gravity alone. 2. To drop from an erect posture. 3.
To disembogue ; to pass at the outlet ; to flow out of its
channel into a pond, lake or sea, as a river. 4. To de-
part from the faith, or from rectitude ; to apostatize. 5.
To die, particularly by violence. 6. To come to an end
suddenly ; to vanish ; to perish. 7. To be degraded ; to
sink into disrepute or disgrace ; to be plunged into mise-
ry. 8. To decline in power, wealth or glory; to sink
into weakness ; to be overthrown or ruined. 9. To pass
into a worse state than the former ; to come. 10. To
sink ; to be lowered. II. To decrease ; to be diminish-
ed in weight or value. 12. To sink ; not to amount to
the full. 13. To be rejected ; to sink into disrepute. 14.
To decline from violence to calmness, from intensity to
remission. 15. To pass into a new state of body or mind ;
to become 16. To sink into an air of dejection, discon-
tent, anger, sorrow or shame ; applied to the countenance
or look. 17. To happen ; to befall ; to come. 18. To
light on ; to come by chance. 19. To come ; to rush on ;
to assail. 20. To come ; to arrive. 21. To come unex-
pectedly. 22. To begin with haste, ardor or vehemence ;
to rush or hurry to. 23. To pass or be transferred by
chance, lot, distribution, inheritance or otherwise, as pos-
session or property. 24. To become the property of; to
belong or appertain to. 25. To be dropped or uttered
carelessly. 26. To sink ; to languish ; to become feeble
or faint. 27. To be brought forth. 28. ^'o issue ; to ter-
minate.
To fall aboard of, to strike against another ship.— 7'<j fall
astern, to move or be driven backward ; or to remain be-
hind. — To fall away. 1. To lose flesh; to become leari
or emaciated ; to pine. 2. To renounce or desert allegi-
ance ; to revolt or rebel. 3- To renounce or desert the
faith ; to apostatize ; to sink into wickedness. 4. To
perish ; to be ruined ; to be lost. 5. To decline gradual-
ly ; to fade ; to languish, or become faint. — To fall back.
1. To recede ; to give way. 2. To fail of performing a
promise or purpose ; not to fulfill. — To fall calm, to cease
to blow ; to become calm. — To fall down. 1. To prostrate
one's self in worship. 2. To sink ; to come to the ground.
3. To bend or bow as a suppliant. 4. To sail or pass to-
wards the mouth of a river, or other outlet. — To fall foul,
to attack ; to make an assault. — To fall from. 1. To re-
cede from ; to depart ; not to adhere. 2. To depart from
allegiance or duty ; to revolt.— T"*? /cW in, 1. To concur ;
to agree with. 2. To comply ; to yield to. 3. To come
in ; to join ; to enter. — To fall in with, to meet, as a ship ;
also, to discover or come near, as land. — To fall off. 1
To withdraw ; to separate ; to be broken or detached. 2.
To perish; to die away. 3. To apostatize ; to forsake ;
to withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or duty.
4. To forsake ; to abandon. 5. To drop. 6. To depre-
ciate ; to depart from former excellence ; to become less
valuable or interesting. 7. To deviate or depart from the
course directed, or to which the head of the ship was be-
fore directed ; to fall to leeward.— To fall on. 1. To be-
gin suddenly and eagerly. 2. To begin an attack ; to as-
sault ; to assail. 3. To drop on ; to descend on. — To fall
out. 1. To quarrel ; to begin to contend. 2. To happen ;
to befall ; to chance.— ro/aZZ over. 1. To revolt ; to de-
sert from one side to another. 2. To fall beyond.— To
fall short, to be deficient.— T'o/aZ/ to. 1. To begin hasti-
ly and eagerly. 2. To apply one's self to.— T'o/aZZ under,
i. To come under, or within the limits of; to be subjected
to. 2. To come under ; to become the subject of. 3. To
come within; to be ranged or reckoned with. — To
fall upon. 1. To attack. 2. To attempt. 3. To rush
against.
FALL, V. t. 1. To let fall ; to drop ; [obs.] 2. To sink ; to
'depress. 3. To diminish; to lessen or lower; [little
v^sed.] 4. To bring forth ; as, to fall lambs ; [little used.]
5. To fell ; to cut down ; as, to fall a tree. [This use is
now common in .America.]
FALL, n. 1. The act of dropping or descending from a
higher to a lower place by gravity ; descent. 2. The act
of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture. 3. Death ;
destruction ; overthrow. 4. Ruin ; destruction. 5. Down-
fall ; degradation; loss of greatness or office. 6. Declen-
sion of greatness, power or dominion ; ruin. 7. Diminu-
tion ; decreaseof price or value; depreciation. 8. Decli-
nation of sound ; a sinking of tone; cadence. 9. Decliv-
ity ; the descent of land or a hill ; a slope. 10. Descent
of water ; a cascade ; a cataract ; a rush of water down a
steep place. 11. The outlet or discliarge of a river or cur-
rent of water into tlie ocean, or into a lake or pond. 12.
Extent of descent ; the distance which any thing fails.
13. The fail of the leaf; the season when leaves fall from
trees ; autumn. 14. That which falls ; a falling, 15.
The act of felling or cutting down. 16. Fall, or the fall,
by way of distinction, the apostasy ; the act of our first
parents in eating the forbidden fruit ; also, the apostasy
of tJie rebellious angels. — 17. Formerly, a kind of vail. —
18. In seamen\^ language, the loose end of a tackle.— 19
In Great Britain, a term applied to several measures, lin-
ear, superficial and solid.
FAL-La'CIOUS, a. [Fr. fallacieux.] 1. Deceptive; de-
ceiving; deceitful; wearing a false appearance ; mislead-
ing; producing error or mistake ; sophistical. 2. Deceit-
ful ; false ; not well founded ; producing disappointment ;
mocking expectation.
FAL-La'CIOUS-LY, «cZi;. In a fallacious manner; deceitful-
ly ; sophistically ; with purpose or in a manner to deceive.
FAL-La'CIOUS-NESS, 71. Tendency to deceive or mis-
lead ; inconclusiveness.
FAL'LA-CY, 71. [L. fallacAa.] 1. Deceptive or false ap-
pearance ; deceitfulness ; that which misleads the eye at
the mind. 2. Deception ; mistake.
fFAL'LAX, 71. [L.] Cavillation. Jibp. Cranmer.
FALL'EN, (fawl'n) pp. or a. Dropped ; descended ; degrad-
ed ; decreased ; ruined.
tFAL'LEN-CY, 7!. Blistake.
FALL'ER, n. One that falls.
FAL-LI-BIL'I-TY, 71. [It. fallibilitd.] 1. Liableness to de-
ceive ; the quality of being fallible ; uncertainty ; possi-
bility of being erroneous. 2. Liableness to err or to be
deceived in one's own judgment.
FAL'LI-BLE, a. [It. fallihile.] 1. Liable to fail or mis-
take ; that may err or be deceived in judgment. 2. Lia-
ble to error ; that may deceive.
FAL'LI-BLY, adv. In a fallible manner. Huloet. >
FALL'ING, ppr. Descending ,' droppmg ; disembogumg j
apostatizing ; declming ; decreasing ; sinking ; coming.
* See »ynop3i9. MOVE. BQgK, DOVE,— BULL, UNITE.— €asK; 6 as J; S as Z; CHasSH; TH as !n this * Obsolete
FAL
328
FAN
FALL'ING, } n. An indenting or hollow ; opposed to
FALL'ING IN, \ rising or prominence. — Falling away,
apostasy, — Falliiig off, departure from the line or course ;
declension. — Falling down, prostration. 2 Mac.
FALL'mG-SI€K-NESS, n. The epilepsy.
FALL'ING-STAR, n. A luminous meteor, suddenly ap-
pearing and darting through the air.
FALL'ING-STONE, n. A stone falling from the atmos-
pherej a meteorite ; an aerolite.
FAL-LoTI-AN, a. Belonging to two ducts, arising from
the w^mb, usually called tubes.
FAL'LoW, a. [Sax. falewe.] 1. Pale red, or pale yel-
low ; as, a fallow deer. 2. tJnsowed ; not tUled ; left to
rest after a year or more of tillage. 3. Left unsowed af-
ter ploughing. 4. Unploughed ; luicultivated. 5. Unoccu-
pied; neglected; [obs.]
FAL'LoW, 71. 1. Land that has lain a year or more untill-
ed or unseeded. 2. The ploughing or tilling of land, with-
out sowing it, for a season.
t FAL'LoW, V. i. To fade ; to become yellow.
FAL'LoW, V. t. To plough, harrow and break land without
seedmg it
FAL'LoW-CROP, n. The crop taken from fallowed ground.
Sinclair.
FAL'LoWED, 'pp. Ploughed and harrowed for a season,
without being sown.
FAL'LoW-FINCH, n. A small bird, the wheat-ear.
FAL'LoW-ING, fpr. Ploughing and harrowing land with-
out sowing it.
FAL'LoW-ING, n. The operation of ploughing and har-
rowing land without sowing it.
FAL'LoW-IST, 71. One who favors the practice of fallow-
ing land.
FAL'LoW-NESS, n. A fallow state ; barrenness ; exemp-
tion from bearing fruit. Donne.
t FALS'A-RY, 71. A falsifier of evidence. Sheldon.
FALSE, a. [L. falsus.] 1. Not true ; not conformable to
fact ; expressing what is contrary to that which exists, is
done, said or thought. 2. Not well founded. 3. Not
true ; not according to the lawful standard. 4. Substitut-
ed for another ; succedaneous ; supposititious. 5. Coun-
terfeit ; forged ; not genuine. 6. Not solid or sound ; de-
ceiving expectations. 7. Not agreeable to rule or propri-
ety. 8. Not honest or jUst ; not fair. 9. Not faithful or
loyal ; treacherous ; perfidious ; deceitful. 10. Unfaith-
ful ; inconstant. 11. Deceitful ; treacherous ; betraying
secrets. 12. Counterfeit •, not genuine or real. 13. Hyp-
ocritical ; feigned ; made or assumed for the purpose of
deception. — False imprisonment, the arrest and imprison-
ment of a person without warrant or cause, or contrary to
law.
FALSE, adv. Not truly ; not honestly ; falsely.
■f FALSE, V. t. 1. To violate by failure of veracity; to de-
ceive. 2. To defeat ; to balk ; to evade.
FALSE'-FaCED, a. Hypocritical ; deceitful. Sliak.
t FALSE'-HEART, \ a. Hollow ; treacherous ; deceitful ;
FALSE'-HEaRT-ED, S perfidious.
FALSE'-HEART-ED-NESS, n. Perfldiousness; treachery.
FALSE'HOOD, (fols'hud) n. 1. Contrariety or inconform-
ity to fact or truth. 2. Want of truth or veracity ; a lie ;
an untrue assertion. 3. Want of honesty ; treachery ; de-
ceitfulness ; perfidy. 4. C-ounterfeit ; false appearance ;
imposture.
FALSE'LY, (fols'ly) adv. 1. In a manner contrary to truth
and fact ; not truly. 2. Treacherously ; perfidiously. 3.
Erroneously ; b3' mistake.
FALSE'NESS, (fols'nes) n. 1. Want of integrity and ve-
racity, either in principle or in act. 2. Duplicity ; deceit;
double-dealing. 3. Unfaithfulness ; treachery ; perfidy ;
traitorousness.
FALS'ER, n^ A deceiver.
FAL-SET_^TO, n. [It.] A feigned voice. Burke.
FALS'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be falsified, counterfeit-
ed or corrupted.
FAL-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of making
false ; a counterfeiting ; the giving to a thing an appear-
ance of something which it is not. 2. Confutation.
FALS-I-PI-€a'TOR, 71. A falsifier. Bp. Morton.
Fx\LS'I-FlED, pp. Counterfeited.
FALS'I-Fi-ER, n. 1. One who counterfeits, or gives to a
thing a deceptive appearance ; or one who makes false
coin. 2. One who invents falsehood ; a liar. 3. One
who proves a thing to be false.
FALS'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. falsifier.'] 1. To counterfeit; to
forge ; to make something false, or in imitation of that
which is true-. 2. To disprove ; to prove to be false. 3.
To violate ; to break by falsehood. 4. To show to be un-
sound, insufficient, or not proof; [not in use.]
FALS'I-FY, V. i. To tell lies ; to violate the truth.
FALS'I-FS'-ING, ppr. Counterfeiting ; forging ; lying ;
proving to be false ; violating.
FALS'I-TY, n. [L. falsitas.] 1. Contrariety or inconform-
ky to truth ; the quaUty of being false. 2. Falsehood ; a
lie : a false assertion.
FAL'TER, v.i. [Bp. f altar.] 1. To hesitate, fail orbreas
in the utterance of words ; to speak with a broken or
trembling utterance ; to stammer. 2. To fail, tremble or
yield in exertion ; not to be firm and steady. 3. To fail
in the regular exercise of the understanding.
t FAL'TER, •«. t. To sift. Mortimer.
FAL'TER-ING, ppr. Hesitating ; speaking with a feeble,
broken, trembling utterance ; failing.
FAL'TER-ING, n. Feebleness ; deficiency.
FAL'TER-ING-LY, adv. With hesitation ; with a trem
bling, broken voice ; with difficulty or feebleness.
FAME, 71. [Tu.fama.] 1. Public report or rumor. 2. Fa-
vorable report ; report of good or great actions ; report
that exalts the character ; celebrity ; renown.
FAME, V. t. 1. To make famous. B. Jonson. 2. To report.
FaMED, a. Much talked of ; renowned; celebrated; dis-
tinguished and exalted by favorable reports.
FaME'-GIV-ING, a. Bestowing fame.
FaME'LESS, a. Without renown. Beaumont.
FA-MIL'IAR, (fa-mil'yar) a. [L. familiaris.] 1. Pertain-
ing to a family ; domestic. 2. Accustomed by frequent
converse ; well acquainted with ; intimate ; close. 3
Affable ; not formal or distant ; easy in conversation. 4.
Well acquainted with ; knowing by frequent use 5.
Well known ; learned or well understood by frequent us e^
6. Unceremonious ; free ; unconstrained ; easy. 7. Com-
mon : frequent and intimate. 8. Easy ; unconstrained ;
not formal. 9. Intimate in an unlawful degree.
FA-MIL'IAR, n, 1. An intimate ; a close companion; one
long acquauited. 2. A demon or evil spirit supposed
to attend at a call. — 3. In the court of Inquisition, a per-
son who assists in apprehending and imprisoning the ac-
cused .
FA-MIL-IAR'I-TY, n. 1. Intimate and frequent converse^
or association in company. 2. Easiness of conversation
affability ; freedom from ceremony. 3. Intimacy ; inti
mate acquaintance ; unconstrained intercourse.
FA-MIL'IAR-lZE, v. t. 1. To make familiar or intimate ,
to habituate; to accustom ; to make well known, by prac-
tice or converse. 2. To make easy by practice or cus-
tomary use, or by intercourse. 3. To bring down from a
state of distant superiority.
FA-MTL'JAR-lZED, p;). Accustomed; habituated; made
easy by practice, custom or use.
FA-MIL'IAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Accustoming; rendering easy
by practice, custom or use.
FA-MIL'IAR-LY, adv. 1. In a familiar manner ; uncere-
moniously ; without constraint ; without formality. 2.
Commonly ; frequently ; with tlie ease and unconcern
that arises from long custom or acquaintance.
FAM'I-LISM, n. The tenets of the Familists.
FAM'I-LIST, 71. [from/a7niZ7/.] One of the religious sect,
called the Family of love.
FA-MiLLE'. [Fr. enfamille.] In a family way ; domesti-
cally. Swift. This word is never used without en be-
fore it.
FAM'I-LY, 71. [L., Sp.familiaj Fr. famille.] 1. The col-
lective body of persons who live in one house and under
one head or manager ; a household, including parents,
children and servants. 2. Those who descend from one
common progenitor ; a tribe or race ; kindred ; lineage.
3. Course of descent ; genealogy ; line of ancestors. 4.
Honorable descent ; noble or respectable stock. 5. A col-
lection or union of nations or states. — 6, In popular lan-
guage, an order, class or genus o.f animals or of other nat-
ural productions, having something in common, by which
they are distinguished from others.
FAM'INE, 71. [Fr. /a7rti7ie.] 1. Scarcity of food ; dearth;
a general want of provisions sufficient for the inhabitants
of a country or besieged place. 2. Want; destitution.
^ FAM'ISH, V. t. [Fr. affamer.] 1. To starve ; to kill or de-
stroy with hunger. 2. To exhaust the strength of, by
hunger or thirst ; to distress with hunger. 3. To kill
by deprivation or denial of anv thing necessary for life.
FAM'ISH, t;. i. 1. To die of hunger. 2. To suffer extreme
hunger or thirst ; to be exhausted in strength, or to come
near to perish, for want of food or drink. 3. To be dis-
tressed with want ; to come near to perish by destitu-
tion.
FAM'ISHED, pp. Starved ; exhausted by want of suste-
nance.
FAM'ISH-ING, ppr. Starving ; killing ; perishing by want
of food.
FAM'ISH-MENT, n. The pain of extreme hunger or
thirst ; extreme want of sustenance. Hakewill.
t FA-MOS'I-TY, n. Renown. Diet.
Fa'MOUS, a. [li.famosus.] 1. Celebrated in fame or pub-
lic report ; renowned ; mucli talked of and praised ; dis-
tinguished in story. 2. Sometimes in a bad sense.
Fa'MOUSED, a. Renowned. Shah.
Fa'MOUS-LY, adv. With great renown or celebration.
Fa'MOUS-NESS, n. Renown ; great fame ; celebrity.
t FAM'U-LATE, v. t. [L. famulor.] To serve. Cockeram.
FAN, n. [Sax./o7i7i.] 1. An instrument used by ladies to
♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, ^, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
FAN
329
FAR
agitate the air, and cool the face in warm weather. 2.
Something in the form of a woman's fan when spread. 3.
An instrument for winnowing grain. 4. Something by
which the air is moved ; a wing. 5. An instrument to
raise the fire or flame.
FAN '-Light, n. A window in foim of an open fan.
FAN, V. t. 1. To cool and refresh, by moving the air with
a fan ; to blow the air on the face with a fan. 2. To ven-
tilate 5 to blow on 5 to affect by air put in motion. 3. To
move as with a fan. 4. To winnoW ; to ventilate ; to sepa-
rate chaff from grain, and drive it away by a current of air.
FA-NAT'I€, ) a. [L. fanaticus.] Wild and extravagant
FA-NAT'I-€AL, \ in opinions, particularly in religious
opinions ; excessively enthusiastic ; possessed by a kind
of frenzy.
FA-NAT'ie, n. A person affected by excessive enthusiasm,
particularly on religious subjects ; one who indulges wild
and extravagant notions of religion.
FA-NAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. With wild enthusiasm.
FA-NAT'I-€AL-NESS, n. Fanaticism.
FA-NAT'I-CISM, n. Excessive enthusiasm ; wild and ex-
travagant notions of religion ; religious frenzy.
FA-NAT'I-ClZE, v. t. To make fanatic.
FAN'CIED, -pp. Imagined ; conceived ; liked.
FAN'CI-FUL, a. 1. Guided by the imagination, rather than
by reason and experience ; subject to the influence of fan-
cy ; whimsical. 2. Dictated by the imagination j full of
wild images ; chimerical •, whimsical ; ideal ; visionary.
FAN'CI-FIJL-LY, adv. 1. In a fanciful manner ; wildly;
whimsically. 2. According to fancy.
FAN'CI-FUL-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being fanciful,
or influenced by the imagination, rather than by reason
and experience ; the habit of following fancy. 2. The
quality of being dictated by imagination.
FAN'CY, n. [L. phantasia.] 1. The faculty by which the
mind forms images or repiesentations of things at pleasure.
It is often used as synonymous with imagination ; but
imagination is rather the power of combining and modify-
ing our conceptions. 2. An opinion or notion. 3. Taste;
conception. 4. Image; conception; thought. 5. Incli-
nation ; liking. 6. Love. 7. Caprice ; humor ; whim^
8. False notion. 9. Something that pleases or entertains
witliout real use or value.
FAN'CY, v.i To imagine ; to figure to one's self; to be-
lieve or suppose without proof.
FAN'CY, V. t. 1. To form a conception of; to portray in the
mind ; to imagine. 2. To like ; to be pleased with, par-
ticularly on account of external appearance or manners.
FAN'CY-FRaMED, a. Created by the fancy.
FANCY-FREE, a. Free from the power of love.
FAN'CY-ING, ppr. Imagining; conceiving; liking.
F AN'CY-M6NG-ER, a. One who deals in tricks of imagin-
ation. Shak.
FAN'CY-SICK, a. One whose imagination is unsound, or
whose distemper is in his own mind.
tFAND, old pret. oi find. Spenser.
FAN-DAN'GO, n. [Sp.] A lively dance.
FANE, n. [L./anwm.] A temple ; a place consecrated to
religion ; a church ; used in poetry. Pope.
FAN'FARE, n. [Fr.] A coming into the lists with sound
of trumpets ; a nourish of trumpets.
* FAN'FA-RON, n. [Fr. fanfaron.] A bully ; a hector ; a
swaggerer ; an empty boaster ; a vain pretender.
FAN-FAR-O-NaDE', n. A swaggering ; vain boasting ;
ostentation ; a bluster. Swift.
t FANG, V. t. [Sax. fengan.] To catch; to seize; to lay
hold ; to gripe ; to clutch. SJiak.
FANG, 71. [Sax. fang.] 1. The tusk of a boar or other ani-
mal, by which the prey is seized and held ; a pointed tooth.
2. A claw or talon. 3. Any shoot or other thing, by which
hold is taken.
FANGED, a. Furnished with fangs, tusks, or something
long and pointed. Shak,
t FAN'GLE, (fang'gl) n. [from Sax. fengan.] A new at-
tempt ; a trifling scheme.
FAN'GLED, a. Properly, begun, new-made ; hence, gau-
dy ; showy ; vainly decorated. [Seldom used, except
with new. See New-fangled.]
FANG LESS, a. Having no fangs or tusks ; toothless.
FAN'GOT, n. A quantity of wares, as raw silk, &c., from
one to two hundred weight and three quarters.
FAN'ION, (fan'yun) n. [Fr.] In armies, a small flag car-
ried with the baggage. Encyc.
FANNED, pp. Blown with a fan ; winnowed ; ventilated.
FAN'NEL, or FAN'ON, n. [Fr. fanon.] A sort of ornament
i ike a scarf, worn about the left arm of a mass-priest,
when he officiates.
FAN'NER, 71. One who fans. Jeremiah.
FAN'NING, ppr. Blowing; ventilating.
f FAN'TA-SIED, a. Filled with fancies or Imaginations ;
whimsical. Shak.
FAN'TASM, 71. [Gr. (pavTaafxa. TJsnMy writtenphaiitasm..]
That which appears to the imagination ; a phantom ;
something not real.
FAN-TAS'Tie, I a. [Fr. fantaslique.] I Fanciful
FAN-TAS'TI-€AL, ] produced or existing only in imag-
ination ; imaginary; not real ; chimerical. 2. Having
the nature of a phantom ; apparent only. 3. Unsteady ;
irregular. 4. Whimsical; capricious; fanciful , indulg-
ing the vagaries of imagination. 5. Whimsical; odd.
FAN-TASTIC, n. A fantastic or whimsical person. Dr
Jackson.
FAN-TAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. 1. By the power of imagina-
tion. 2. In a fantastic manner ; capriciously ; unsteadi-
ly. 3. Whimsically ; in compliance with fancy. Grew.
FAN-TAS'TI-€AL-NESS, n. Compliance with fancy ; hu-
morousness ; whimsicalness ; caprice.
FAN-TAS'TI€-LY, adv. Irrationally; whimsically. B.
Jons on.
FAN-1 AS'TI€-NESS. The same as fantasticalness.
FAN'TA-SY, n. and v. Now written /amcT/, Which see.
FAN'TOM, n. [Fr. fantdme.] Something that appears to
the imagination; also, a spectre; a ghost; an apparition.
It is generally written phantom.
FAN'TOM-€ORN, 71. Lank, or light corn JVorth of Eng-
land. Grose.
jFAP, a. Fuddled. Shak
FA'aUIR. See Fakir.
FAR, a. [Sax. feor,fior ot fyr.] 1. Distant, in any direc-
tion ; separated by a wide space from the place where one
is, or from any given place remote. — 2. Figuratively, re-
mote from nurpose ; contrary to design or wishes. 3.
Remote in affection or obedience ; at enmity with ; alien-
ated. 4. More or most distant of the two.
FAR, adv. 1. To a great extent or distance of space.— 2.
Figuratively, distantly in time from any point ; remotely.
— 3. In interrogatories, to what distance or extent. 4. In
great part. 5. In a great proportion ; by many degrees ;
very much. 6. To a certain point, degree or distance. —
From far, from a great distance ; from a remote place. —
Far from, at a great distance. — Far off. 1. At a great dis-
tance. 2. To a great distance. — 3. In a spiritual sense,
alienated ; at enmity ; in a state of ignorance and aliena-
tion. — Far other, very different.
t FAR-A-BOUT', 71. A going out of the way. Fuller.
FAR'-FaMED, a. Widely celebrated. Pope.
FAR'-FETCH, 71. A deep-laid stratagem. [Little used.]
FAR4-FETCHED, a. 1. Brought from a remote place. 2.
Studiously sought ; not easily or naturally deduced or in-
troduced ; forced ; strained. [Far fet, the same, is not
used.]
FAR-PIER'CING, a. Striking or penetrating a grea*; way.
Pope.
FAR-SHOOT'ING, a. Shooting to a great distance. Dryden.
FAR, 71. [Sax. /(zr A, /ear A.] The young of swine ; or "a lit-
ter of pigs. [Local.] Tusser.
FAR'ANT-LY, a. 1. Orderly ; decent ; respectable. Cra-
ven dialect. 2. Comely ; handsome. Ray.
FARCE, (fars) v. t. [h.farcio ; Fr. farcir.] I. To stuff;
to fill with mingled ingredients. 2. To extend ; to swell
out.
FARCE, (fars) n. [Fr. farce ; It. farsa.] A dramatic com-
position, originally exhibited by charlatans or buffoons, in
the open street, for the amusement of the crowd, but now
introduced upon the stage.
FAR'CI-€AL, a. 1. Belonging to a farce ; appropriated to
farce. 2. Droll ; ludicrous ; ridiculous. 3. Illusory ; de-
ceptive.
FAR'CI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner suited to farce ; hence,
ludicrotisly.
FAR'CI-LlTE, n. Pudding-stone.
FAR'CIN, or FAR'CY, n. A disease of horses, sometimes
of oxen, of the nature of a scabies or mange.
FAR'CTNG, n. Stuffing composed of mixed ingredients.
FARCTATE, a. [L. farctus.] In botany, stuffed ; cram-
med, or full ; without vacuities.
t FARD, v. t. [Fr.l To paint. Shenstone.
FAR'DEL, n. [It. fardello ,■ Fr. fardeau.] A bundle or little
pack. Shak.
FAR'DEL, v. t. To make up in bundles. Fuller.
FARE, V. i. [Sax. and Goth, faran.] 1. To go ; to pass ,
to move forward; to travel. Milton. 2. To be in any
state, good or bad ; to be attended with any circumstances
or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate. 3. To feed ,
to be entertained. 4. To proceed in a train of conse-
quences, good or bad. 5. To happen well or ill ; with it
impersonally.
FARE, n. ]. The price of passage or going ; the sum paid
or due, for conveying a person by land or water. 2
Food ; provisions of the table. 3. The person conveyed
in a vehicle. Drummond.
*FARE'WELL. A compound of fare, in the imperative,
and well. Go well ; originally applied to a person de-
parting, but by custom now applied both to those who de-
part and those who remain. It expresses a kind wish, a
wish of happiness to those who leave or those who are left
The verb and adverb are cften separated by the pronoun ;
as, /are you well.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE .— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t&w t Obsolete
FAR
330
FAS
*FAEE'WELL, n. 1. A wisli of happiness or welfare at
parting ; the parting compliment j adieu. 2. Leave ; act
of departme. Shak.
FA-KI'NA, ; n. [1,. farina.] 1. In botany, the pollen, fine
FAll'IN, ) dust or powder, contained in tlie anthers of
plants, and which is supposed to fall on the stigma, and
fructif"- me plant. — 2. In chemistry, starch or fecula, one
of the p£Oxiinate principles of vegetables,
FAR-I-Na'CEOUS, a. 1. Consisting or made of meal or
flour 2. Containing meal. 3. Like meal ; mealy ; per-
taining to meal .
FAR'LIES, n. Unusual, unexpected things, Cumberland
dialect.
FXRMjTi. [Sax. farma,f earm or feorm.] 1. la Oreat Brit-
ain, a tract of land leased on rent reserved ; ground let to
a tenant on condition of his paying a certain sum, annu-
ally or otherwise, for the use of it. — 2. In the United
States, a portion or tract of land, consisting usually of
grass land, meadow, pasture, tillage and woodland, culti-
vated by one man, and usually owned by him in fee. 3.
The state of land leased on rent reserved ; a lease.
FARM, v.t. 1. To lease, as land, on rent reserved ; to let
to a tenant on condition of paying rent. 2. To take at a
certain rent or rate. 3 To lease or let, as taxes, impost
or other duties, at a certain sum or rate per cent. 4. To
take or hire for a certain rate per cent. 5. 1'o cultivate land.
FARM'HOUSE, n. A house attached to a farm, and for the
residence of a farmer.
FARM'-OF-FlCE, n. Farm-offices are the out buildings
pertaining to a farm.
FARM'iTARD, n. The yard or inclosure attached to a barn ;
or the inclosure surrounded by the farm buildings.
FARM'A-BLE, a. That may be farmed. Sherwood.
1 S.RMED, 2}p. Leased on re«it ; let out at a certain rate or
price.
FaRM'ER, 71. 1. In Oreat Biitain, a tenant ; -a lessee ; one
who hires and cultivates a farm ; a cultivator of leased
ground. 2. One who takes taxes, customs, excise or other
duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent. — 3. In the
United States, one who cultivates a farm ; a husbandman,
whether a tenant or the proprietor. — 4. In minintr, the lord
of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the king.
FARM'ING, jipr. I. Letting or leasing land on rent resei-v-
ed, or duties and imposts at a certain rate per cent.* 2.
Taking on lease. 3. Cultivating land ; carrymg on the
business of agriculture.
FARM'ING, n. The business of cultivating land.
FAR'MoST, a. Most distant or remote. Dryden.
FAR'NESS, n. Distance ; remoteness. Carew.
Fa'RO, n. A game at cards.
FAR-RA6'l-N0US, a. [L. farrago.] Formed of various
materials ; mixed. Kirican.
FAR-Ra'GO, n. [L.] A mass composed of various materials
confusedly mixed ; a medley.
FAR'RAND, or Fa'RAND, n. Manner; custom; humor.
Grose.
FAR-RE-a'TION. iSee Confarreation.
FAR'RI-ER, n. [Fr. ferrant ; It. ferraio.] 1. A shoer of
horses ; a smith who shoes horses. 2. One who professes
to cure the diseases of horses.
FAR'RI-ER, V. i. To practice as a farrier.
FAR'RI-ER-Y, n. The art of preventing, curing or miti-
gating the diseases of horses. Now called the veterinary
art.
FAR'RoW, w. [SviX.fearh,fosrh.] A litter of pigs.
I . iR'RoW, V. t. To bring forth pigs. Tusser.
iAE'RoW, a. [J), vaare ; "eenvaare koe," a dry cow.]
Not producing young in a particular season or year ; ap-
plied to cows only. JVerc England.
FART, V, i. To break wind behind.
FART, n. Wind from behind.
FAR'THER, a. comp. [Sax. forther, from feor, far, or
rather from forth.] 1. More remote; more distant than
something else. 2. Longer ; tending to a greater distance.
FAR'THER, adv. 1. At or to a greater distance ; more re-
motely ; beyond. 2. Moreover ; by way of progression in
a subject.
FAR'THER, v. t. To promote ; to help forward.
t FAB'THER-ANCE, n. A helping forward ; promotion.
FAR'THER-MORE, adv. Besides ; moreover.— Instead of
the last three words, we now use furtherance, farther-
more, further ; wliicli see.
FAR'THEST, a. superl. [Sax. feorrest. See Furthest.]
Most distant or remote.
FAR'THEST, adv. At or to the greatest distance. See
Furthest.
FAR'TIIING, 71. [Sax.feorthung.] 1. The /mtrt/i of a pen-
ny ; a small copper coin of Great Britain. 2. Farthings,
in the plural, copper coin. 3. Very small price or value.
4. A division of land ; [obs.]
FAR'THIN-GALE, n. A hoop petticoat; or circles of
hoops, formea of whalebone, used to extend the petticoat.
TAR'THINGS-WoRTH, n. As much as is sold for a far-
thing. Arbuthnot.
FAB'CES, 71. plu. [li.fascis.] In Roman antiquity a 6u!l-
dle of rods, bound round the helve of an axe,andhorne be-
fore the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority.
FASCI-A, (fash'e-a) n. [L.] 1. A band, sash or fillet.— In
architecture, any flat member with a small projecture. —
2. In astrcnomy, the belt of a planet. — 3. In surgery, a
bandage, roller or ligature. — 4. In anatomy, a tendinous
expansion or aponeurosis.
FAS'CI-AL, (fash'e-al) a. Belonging to the fasces.
FAS CI-A-TED, (fash'e^a-ted) a. Bound with a fillet, sash
or bandage.
FAS-CI-A'TION, (fash-e-fi'shun) n. The act or manner of
binding up diseased parts ; bandage.
FAS'CI-€LE, 71. [L. fasciculus.] In botany, a bundle, or
little bundle ; a species of inflorescence.
FAS-CI€'U-LAR, a. [Ij.fascicularis.] United in a bundle.
PAS-CI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the form of bundles.
FAS-CI€'U-LATE, FAS-CI€'U-LA-TED, or FAS'CI-
€LED, a. Growing in bundles or bunches from the same
point.
FAS-CI€'U-LlTE, n. A variety of fibrous hornblend
FAS'CI-NATE, v. t. [L. fascino.] 1. To bewitch ; to en-
chant ; to operate on by some powerful or irresistible in-
fluence. 2. To charm ; to captivate ; to excite and allure
irresistibly or powerfully.
FAS'CI-NA-TED, j^P- Bewitched ; enchanted ; charmed.
FAS'CI-NA-TING, j?^?-. Bewitching; enchanting; charm-
ing; captivating.
FAS-CI-Na'TION, 71. The act of bewitching or enchant-
ing ; enchantment ; witchcraft ; a powerful or irresistible
influence on the afi'ections or passions ; unseen, inexplica-
ble influence.
* FAS'CiNE, or FAS-ClNE', n. [Fr.] In fortification, a
fagot, a bundle of rods or small sticks of wood.
fFAS'CI-NOUS, a. Caused or acting by witchcraft. Harvey,
FASH, v.t. [Old Fr.fascher.] To vex; to tease.
FASH'ION, (fash'un) n. [Fr. fagon.] 1. The make or form
of any thing ; the state of any thing with regard to its ex-
ternal appearance; shape. 2. Form; model to be imi-
tated ; pattern. 3. The form of a gannent ; the cut or
shape of clothes. 4. The prevailing mode of dress or or-
nament. 5. Manner ; sort ; way ; mode. 6. Custom ;
prevailing mode or practice. 7. Genteel life or good
breeding. 8. Any thing worn ; [obs.] 9. Genteel com-
pany. 10. Workmanship.
FASH'ION, (fasli'un) v. t. [Fr. fagonner.] 1. To form ; to
give shape or figure to ; to mold. 2. To fit ; to adapt ; to
accommodate. 3. To make according to the rule pre-
scribed bv custom, 4. To forge or counterfeit ; [obs.]
FASH'ION- A-BLE, a. 1. Made according to the prevailing
form or mode. 2. Established by custom or use ; cur-
rent ; prevailing at a particular time. 3. Observant of the
fashion or customary mode ; dressing or behaving accord-
ing to the prevailing fashion. 4. Genteel ; well bred.
FASH'ION-A-BLE-NESS, 7i. The state of being fashiona-
ble ; modish elegance ; such appearance as is according to
the prevailing custom.
FASH'ION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner according to fashion,
custom or prevailing practice.
FASH'IONED, pp. Made ; formed ; shaped ; adapted.
FASH'ION-ER, n. One who forms or gives shape to.
FASH'ION-ING, ppr. Forming ; giving shape to ; fitting ;
adapting.
FASH'ION-IST, 71. A follower of the mode ; a fop ; a cox-
comb. Diet.
FASH'ION-MoN'GER, n. One who studies the fashion , a
fop.
FASH'I0N-M6N'GER-ING, a. Behaving like a fashion-
monger. Shak.
FAS'SA-ITE, n. A mineral, a variety of augite.
FAST, a. [Sax. fcest, fest.] 1. Close ; tight. 2. Firm ,
immovable. 3. Close ; strong. 4. Firmly fixed ; closely
adhering. 5. Close, as sleep ; deep ; sound. 6. Firm in
adherence. — Fast and loose, variable ; inconstant ; as, to
play/a5* and loose.
FAST, adv. Firmly ; immovably.— Fast by, or fast beside,
close or near to.
FAST, a. [W. fest.] Swift ; moving rapidly ; quick in
motion.
FAST, adv. Swiftly ; rapidly ; with quick steps.
FAST, V. i. [Sax.ftsstan.] 1. To abstain from food, beyond
the usual time; to omit to take the usual meals, for a
time. 2. To abstain from food voluntari,*'- 3. To ab-
stain from food partially, or from particular kinds of
food .
FAST, n. 1. Abstinence from food ; properly, a total absti-
nence, but it is used also for an abstinence from particular
kinds of food, for a certain time. 2. Voluntary abstinence
from food, as a religious mortification or humiliation. 3.
The time of fasting, whether a day, week or longer time.
FAST, 7i._That which fastens or holds.
FAST'-DaY, 71, The day on which fasting is observed,
FAS'TEN, (fas'n) v.t. [Sax. fcestnian.] I. To fix firmly;
to make fast or close. 2. To lock, bolt or bar ; to secure.
5</r Synops^' A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zoti^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
FAT
331
FAT
3. To hold together ; to cement or to link ; to unite close-
ly. 4. To affix or conjoin. 5. To fix ; to impress. 6.
To lay on witli strength.
FAS'TEN, V. i. To fasten on, is to fix one's self j to seize
and hold on ; tc clinch.
FAS'TENED, pp. Made firm or fast ; impressed.
FAS'TEN-ER, n. One that makes fast or firm.
FaS'TEX-ING, ppr. Making fast.
FAS'TEN-Ii\G, «. Any thing that binds and makes fast j
or that which is intended for that purpose.
FASTER, 71. One who abstains from food.
FAST'-HAND-ED, a. Closehanded ; covetous ; closefisted ;
avaricious. Bacon.
t FAS-TID-I-OS'I-TY, n. Fastidiousness. Swift.
FAS-TID'I-OUS, a. [L.fastidiosus.] 1. Disdainful; squeam-
ish ; delicate to a fault ; over nice ; difficult to please. 2.
Squeamish ; rejecting what is common qr not very nice ;
suited with difficulty.
FAS-TID I-OUS-LY, adv. Disdainfully; squeamishly; con-
temptuously.
FAS-TID'I-OUS-NESS, n. Disdainfulness; contemptuous-
ness ; squeamishness of mind, taste or appetite.
FAS-TI6'I-ATE, ; a. [L. fastigiatns.] 1. In botany, a
FAS-TI6'I-A-TED, \ fasti-Jiate stem is one whose branches
are of an equal height. 2. Roofed ; narrowed to the
top.
FAST'ING, ppr. Abstaining from food.
FAST'ING, n. The act of abstaining from food.
FASTING-DaY, n. A day of fasting ; a fast-day.
FAST'LY, adv. Surely. Barret.
FASTNESS, 71. [Sax. ftBstenesse.] 1. The state of being
fast and firm ; firm adherence. 2. Strength ; security.
3. A strong hold ; a fortress or fort ; a place fortified ;"a
castle. 4. Closeness; conciseness of style ; \_obs.']
FAS'TU-OUS, a. ['L.fastuosus.] Proud; haughty; disdain-
ful. Barrow.
FAT, a. [Sax./ffit,/eiJ.] 1. Fleshy; plump; corpulent. 2.
Coarse ; gross. 3. Dull ; heavy ; stupid ; unteachable.
4. Rich ; wealthy ; affluent. 5. Rich ; producing a large
income. 6. Rich ; fertile. 7. Abounding in spiritual
grace and comfort. Ps. xcii.
FAT, 71. 1. An oily concrete substance, deposited in the
cells of the adipose or cellular membrane of animal bodies.
2. The best or richest part of a thing.
FAT, V. t. To make fat ; to fatten ; to make plump and
fieshy with abundant food.
FAT, V. i. To grow fat, plump and fleshy.
FAT, or VAT, n. [Sax. feet, foi, fet ; D. vat.] A large tub,
cistern or vessel used for various purposes, as by brewers
to run their wort in, by tanners for holding their bark and
hides, Sec.
FAT, n. A measure of capacity, but indefinite.
Fa'TAL, a. [L. fatalis.] 1. Proceeding from fate or desti-
ny ; necessary ; mevitable. 2. Appointed by fate or des-
tiny. 3. Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal.
4. "Destructive ; calamitous.
Fa'TAL-ISM, 71. The doctrine that all things are subject
to fate, or that they take place by inevitable necessity.
Fa'TAL-IST, n. One who maintains that all things happen
by inevitable necessity. Watts.
Fa-TAL'I-TY, n. [Ft. fatalite.] 1. A fixed, unalterable
course of things, independent of God or any controlling
cause ; an invincible necessity existing in things them-
selves ; a doctrine of the Stoics. 2. Decree of fate. 3.
Tendency to danger, or to some great or hazardous event.
4. Mortality.
Fa'TAL-LY, adv. 1. By a decree of fate or destiny; by
inevitable necessity or determination. 2. Mortally ; de-
structively ; in death or ruin.
Fa'T^VL-XESS, n. Invincible necessity.
FAT'BRaINED, a. Dull of apprehension. Shak.
FATE, 71. [L. fatum.] 1. Primarily, a decree or word pro-
nounced by God. Hence, inevitable necessity ; destiny
depending on a superior cause, and uncontrollable. 2.
Event predetermined ; lot ; destiny. 3. Final event ;
death; destruction. 4. Cause of death.
Fa'TED, a. 1. Decreed by fate: doomed; destined. 2.
Modeled or regulated by fate. 3. Endued with any
quality by late. 4. Invested with the power of fatal de-
terramation.
FaTE'FUL, a. Bearing fatal pow er ; producing fatal events
./. Barlow.
FATES, 71. phi. In mytholo^ij, the destinies or parca; ;
goddesses supposed to preside over the birth aud life of
men. They were three in number, Clotho, Lachesis and
Atropos.
FA'THER, n. [Sax. feeder, feder ; G. vater ; D. vader ; Ice.,
Sw. and Dan. fader ; Gr. -rrariiQ : L. pater.] 1. He who
begets a child. 2. The first ancestor ; the progenitor of a
race or family. 3. The appellation of an old man, and a
term of respect. 4. TJie grandfather, or more remote an-
cestor. 5. One who feeds and supports, or exercises pater-
nal care over another. 6. He who creates, invents, makes
or composes any thing ; the author, former or contriver ;
a founder, director or instructor. God, as Creator, is th«
Father of all men. 7. Fathers, iu the plural, ancestors
8. A father-in-law. 9. The appellation of the first person
in the adorable Trinity. 10. The title given to dignitaries
of the church, superiors of convents, and to popish con-
fessors. 11. The appellation of the ecclesiastical writers
of the first centuries, as Polycarp, Jerome, fee. 12. The
title of a senator m ancient Rome ; as, conscript /a£7ters.
Adoptive father, he %vho adopts the children of emother, and
acknowledges them as his own. — J^'atural father, the fa-
ther of illegitimate children. — Putative father, one who is
only reputed to be the father ; the supposed father.
FATHER-IN-LAW, n. The father of one's husband or
wife.
FA'THER, V. t. 1. To adopt ; to take the child of another
as one's own. 2. To adopt any thing as one's own ; to
profess to be the author. 3. To ascribe or charge to one
as his oflspring or production.
FA'THERED, pp. 1. Adopted; taken as one's own; as
cribed to one as the author. 2. Having had a father of
particular qualities.
FA THER-EQOD, n. The state of being a father, or the
character or authority of a father.
FA'THER-ING, p^. Adopting; taking or acknowledging as
one's own ; ascribing to the father or author.
FA'THER-LASH-ER, n. A fish of the genus cotttis.
FA'THER-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a living father. 2.
Without a known author.
FA'THER-LESS-NESS, n. The state of being without a
father.
FA THER-LI-NESS, n. The qualities of a father ; parental
kindness, care and tenderness.
FA'THER-LY, a. 1. Like a father in affection and care,
tender ; paternal ; protecting ; Ccureful. 2. Pertaining to
a father.
FA'THER-LY, adv. In the manner of a father.
FATH'OM, n. [Sax. fathem.] 1. A measure of length con-
taining six feet, the space to which a man may extend
his amis. 2. Reach ; penetration ; depth of thought or
contrivance
FATH'OM, V. t. 1. To encompass with the arms extended
or encircling. 2. To reach; to master; to comprehend.
3. To reach in depth ; to sound ; to try the depth. 4. To
penetrate ; to find the bottom or extent.
FATH'OMED, pp. Encompessed with the arms ; reached ;
comprehended.
FATH'OM-ER, 7!. One who fathoms
FATH'OM-IXG, j;;?r. Encompassing with the arms; reacn-
ing ; comprehending ; sounding ; penetrating.
FATHOM-LESS, a. 1. That of which no bottom can be
found ; bottomless. 2. That cannot be embraced, or en-
compassed with the arms. 3. Not to be penetrated or
comprehended.
FA-TID'I-€AL, a. ['L.fatidicus.] Having power to foretell
future events ; prophetic.
FA-TIF'ER-OUS, a. ['L.fatifer.] Deadly ; mortal ; destruc-
tive. Diet.
FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be wearied ; easilv tired.
FAT'I-GATE, v. t. [L.fati^o.] To wearv ; to tire.
FAT'I-GATE, a. Wearied ;"tu-ed. [Little used.]
FAT-I-Ga'TION, 71. Weariness. W. Mountagu.
FA-TiGUE', (fa-teeg') n. [Fr.] 1. Weariness with bodi-
ly labor or mental exertion ; lassitude or exhaustion of
strength. 2. The cause of weariness; labor; toil. 3
The labors of miUtary men, distinct from the use of
arms.
FA-TlGUE', (fa-teeg') ■?;. t. [L.fatigo.] 1. To tire ; to wea-
ry with labor or any bodDy or mental exertion ; to harass
with toil; to exhaust the strength by severe or long-
continued exertion. 2. To weary by importunity ; to
harass.
FA-TiGU'ED, (fa-teegd') pp. Wearied ; tired ; harassed.
FA-TiGU'ING, (fa-teeg'ing) ppr. 1. Tiring; wearying;
harassing. 2. a. Inducing weariness or lassitude.
FA-TIS'CENCE, n. [L. fatisco.] A gaping or opening ; a
state of being chinky.
FAT-KID'NEYED, a. Fat ; gross. Shak.
FAT'LING, 71. A lamb, kid or other young animal, fat
tened for slaughter ; a fat animal.
FAT'LY, adv. Grosslv ; greasily.
FAT'NER, 71. That which fattens.
FATNESS, V. 1. The quality of being fat, plump, or full-
fed ; corpulency ; fullness of flesh. 2. Unctuous oi
greasy matter. 3. Unctuousness : sliminess ; hence, rich-
ness ; fertility; fruitfulness. 4.' That which gives fer-
tility. 5. The privileges and pleasures of religion ; abun-
dant blessings. Is. Iv.
FAT'TEN,(fat'tn)7j.f. 1. To make fat ; to feed for slaughter;
to make fleshv, or plump with fat. 2. To make fertile and
fruitful ; to enrich. 3. To feed srosslv ; to fill.
FAT'TEN, (fat'tn) v. i. To grow fat or corpulent ; to grow
plump, thick or fleshy ; to be pampered.
FAT TENED, (fat'tnd) pp. Made fat, plump or fleshy.
FAT'TEN-ER, n. See Fatijer.
* See Synopsis. MOVE BOOK, DoVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; ? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
FAV
332
FEA
FAT'TEN-ING, (f at'tn-ing) ppr. Making fat j growing fat;
making or growing rich and fruiiful.
FAT'TI-NESS, 71. The state of being fat ; grossness.
FAT'TISH, a. Somewhat fat. Sherioood.
FAT'TY, a. Having the qualities of fat ; greasy.
FA-Tu'I-TY, 71. ['L.fatuitas.] Weakness or imbecility of
mind ; feebleness of intellect 3 foolis ,ness.
FAT'U-OUS, a. [L. fatuus.] 1. Fecole in mind; weak;
silly; stupid; foolish. 2. Impotent; without force or
fire ; illusory.
FAT'WIT-TED, a. Heavy ; dull ; stupid. Shak.
FAU'CET, n. [Fr. fausset.] A pipe to be inserted in a cask
for drawing liquor, and stopped with a peg or spigot.
FAU'CHION. See Falchiox.
FAU'FEL, n. [said to be Sanscrit.] The fruit of a species
of the p8ilm-tree.
FAUGH, (foh) An interjection of abhorrence.
FAULT, n. [Fr.faute.] 1. An error or mistake ; a blunder;
a defect ; a blemish ; whatever impairs excellence.— 2.
In morals or deportment, any error or defect ; an imper-
fection ; any deviation from propriety ; a slight offense ;
a neglect of duty or propriety. 3. Defect; want; ab-
sence ; [ohs. See Default.] 4. Puzzle ; difficulty.— 5. In
miniiio-, a fissure in strata, causing a dislocation of the
same,^and thus inteiTupting the course of \e.ms.— To find
fault, to express blame ; to com.^\a.m.— To find fault with,
to blame ; to censure.
t FAULT, V. i. To fail ; to be wrong. Spenser.
FAULT, V. t. To charge with a fault ; to accuse
FAULT'ED, pp. Charged with a fault ; accused.
FAULT'ER, n. An offender ; one who commits a fault.
FAULT'-FiND-ER, 71. One who censures or objects.
FAULT'FUL, a. Full of faults or sins., Shak.
FAULT'I-LY, adv. Defectively ; erroneously ; imperfect-
ly ; improperly ; wrongly.
FAULT'I NESS, 71. 1. The state of being faulty, defective
or erroneous ; defect. 2. Badness ; vitiousness ; evil dis-
position. 3. Delinquency; actual offenses.
FAULT'ING, ppr. Accusmg.
FAULT'LESS, a. 1. Without fault; not defective or im-
perfect ; free from blemish ; free from incorrectness ;
perfect. 2. Free from vice or imperfection.
FAULT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from faults or defects.
FAULT' Z, a. 1. Containing faults, blemishes or defects;
defective ; imperfect. 2. Guilty of a fault or of faults ;
hence, blamable ; worthy of censure. 3. Wrong ; erro-
neous. 4. Defective ; imperfect ; bad.
FAUN, n. [L. faunu^.] Among the Romans, a kind of
demigod, or rural deity, called also sylvan.
FAUN'IST, 71. One who attends to rural disquisitions ; a
naturalist. White.
FAUSSE'-BRaYE, 71. A small mount of earth, four fathoms
wide, erected on the level around the foot of the rampart.
FAU'SEN, 71. A large eel. Chapman.
FAU'TOR, n. [L.] A favorer ; a patron ; one who gives
countenance or support. [Little used.]
FAU'TRESS, 7). A female favorer ; a patroness.
fFAVEL, 71. [Fi.favele.] Deceit. Old Morality of Hycke-
Scorner.
tFAV'EL, a. [Fr. faveau.] Yellow; fallow; dun.
FA-VIL'LOUS, a. rL. faijilla.] 1. Consisting of or pertain-
ing to ashes. 2. Resembling ashes.
Fa'VOR, n. [h. favor ; Fr.faveur.] 1. Kind regard ; kind-
ness ; countenance ; propitious aspect; friendly disposition.
2. Support; defense; vindication ; or disposition to aid,
befriend, support, promote or justify. 3. A kind act or
office ; kindness done or granted; benevolence shown by
word or deed ; any act of grace or good will. 4, Lenity ;
mildness or mitigation of punishment. 5. Leave ; good
will ; a yielding or concession to another ; pardon. 6.
The object of kind regard ; the person or thing favored.
7. A gift or present ; something bestowed as an evidence
if good will ; a token of love ; a knot of ribbons ; some-
thing worn as a token of affection. 8. A feature ; coun-
tenance ; [not used.] 9. Advantage ; convenience afford-
ed for success. 10. Partiality ; bias.
Fa'VOR, v. t. 1. To regard with kindness ; to support ; to
aid or have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to ;
to be propitious to ; to countenance ; to befriend ; to en-
courage. 2. To afford advantages for success ; to facili-
tate. 3. To resemble in features. 4. To ease ; to spare.
A'VOR-A-BLE, a. [L. favorabilis ; Fr., Sp. favorable ;
It favorahile, or favnrcvole.] L Kind ; propitious; friend-
ly ; affectionate. 2. Palliative ; tender ; averse to cen-
sure. 3. Conducive to ; contributing to ; tending to pro-
mote. 4. Convenient ; advantageous ; affording means
to facilitate, or affording facilities. 5. Beautiful ; well
favored ; [ohs.]
Fa'VOR-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Kindness ; kind disposition
or regard. 2. Convenience ; suitableness ; that state
which affords advantages for success : conduciveness.
Fa'VOR-A-BLY, adv. Kindly ; with friendly dispositions ;
with regard or affection ; with an inclination to favor.
Fa'VORED, pp. 1. Countenanced ; supported ; aided ; sup-
plied with advantages; eased; spared. 2. a.Iiegarded
with kindness. 3. Witli tdbU or ill prefixed, featured ;
as, well-favored, ill-favored.— Well-favoredly, with a
good appearance ; [little used.] El-favoredly, with a bad
appearance; [little v^ed.]
Fa'VOR-ED-N£SS, 71. Appearance. Deut.
Fa'VOR-ER, 71. One who favors ; one who regards with
kindness or friendship ; a well-wisher.
f Fa'VOR-ESS, n. She who countenances, or favors.
Fa'VOR-ING, pjir. Regarding with friendly dispositions ;
countenancing ; wishing well to ; facilitatmg.
Fa'VOR-ITE, n. [Fr. favori, favorite.] A person or thing
regarded with peculiar favor, preference and affection ;
one greatly beloved.
Fa'VOR-iTE, a. Regarded with particular kindness, af-
fection, esteem or preference.
Fa'VOR-IT-ISM, n. 1. The act or practice of favoring. 2.
The disposition to favor. Paley. 3. Exercise of power by
favorites. Burke.
Fa'VOR-LESS, a. 1. Unfavored ; not regarded with favor.
2. Not favoring ; unpropitious. Spenser.
FAV'0-SITE, 71. [L.favus.] A genus of fossU zoophytes.
FAWN, 71. [Fr./ao7t.i A young deer ; a buck or doe of the
first year.
FAWN, 7;. i. [Fr.faonner.] To bring forth a fawn.
FAWN, 7;. i. [Sax. /<E/T-ema7i.] 1. To comt favor, or show
attachment to, by frisking about one. 2. To soothe ; to
flatter meanly ; to blandish ; to court servilely ; to cringe
and bow to gain favor.
FAWN, 77. A servile cringe or bow ; mean flattery.
FAWN'ER, 71. One who fawns ; one who cringes and flat-
ters meanly.
FAWN'ING, ppr. Courting servilely ; flattering by cringing
and meanness ; brmging forth a fawn.
FAWN'ING, n. Gross flattery. Shak.
FAWN'ING-LY, adv. In a cringing, servile way; with
mean flattery.
jFAX'ED, a. [Sax./eax.] Hairy. Camden.
FAY, 71. [Fr.fee.] A fairy ; an elf. Pope.
FAY, v. i. [Sax. fcBgan.] To fit; to suit; to unite closely
with. See Fadge.
FAY, V. t. [Su. Goth, feia.] 1. To cleanse, as a ditch or pond.
Cheshire Gloss. 2. To cast up ; to cleanse ; to remove
earth. Craven dialect.
t FkA'BER-RY, n. A gooseberry. Diet.
t FeAGUE, (feeg) v. t. [G. fegen.] To beat or whip.
Fk'AL, a. Faithful.
FeAL, v. t. [Icel. fel.] To hide ; to conceal. JV. of Eng
*Fe'AL-TY, 7?. [Fr. feal; It. fedeltd.] Fidelity to a lord;
a faithful adherence of a tenant or Vcissal to the superior
of whom he holds his lands ; loyalty.
FeAR, n. 1. A painful emotion or passion excited by an ex-
pectation of evil, or the apprehension of impending dan-
ger. Fear expresses less apprehension than dread, and
dread less than terror and fright. 2. Anxiety ; solici-
tude. 3. The cause of fear. 4. The object of fear.
5. Something set or hung up to terrify wild animals, by
its color or noise. — 6. In Scripture, fear is used to express
a ^aaZ or a sZat'isA passion. 7. The worehip of God. 8.
The law and word of God. 9. Reverence ; respect ; due
regard.
FeAR, v. t. [Sax. faran, afceran.] 1. To feel a painful
apprehension of some impending evil ; to be afraid of;
to consider or expect with emotions of aiarm or solicitude.
2. To reverence ; to have a reverential awe ; to venerate.
3. To affright ; to terrify ; to drive away by fear ; [ohs.]
FeAR, v. i. "To be m apprehension of evil ; to be afraid ;
tq^feel anxiety on account of some expected evil,
t FeAR, 71. [Sax. /era, ^f/era.] A companion. Sec Peer
Feared, pp. Apprehended or expected with painful solic-
itude ; reverenced
* FeAR'FUL, a. 1. Affected by fear ; feeling pain in ex-
pectation of evil. 2. Timid ; timorous ; wantiiig courage.
3. Terrible ; impressing fear ; frightful ; dreadful. 4. Aw-
ful ; to be reverenced.
* FEAR'FUL, adv. Used adverbially in the J^orth of Eng-
land.
* FeAR'FIJL-LY, adv. 1. Timorously ; in fear. 2. Ter-
ribly ; dreadfully ; in a manner to impress terror. 3. In
a manner to impress admiration and astonishment.
*FEAR'FyL-NESS, n. 1. Timorousness ; timidity. 2.
State of being afraid; awe; dread. 3. Terror; alaim:
apprehension of evil.
FeAR'LESS, a. 1. Free from fear. 2. Bold ; couj-ageous ;
intrepid ; undaunted.
FeAR'LESS-LY, adv. Without fear ; in a bold or coura-
geous manner ; intrepidly.
FeAR'LESS-NESS, 77. Freedom from fear ; courage ; bold-
ness ; intrepidity.
FeAS-I-BIL'I-TY, 77. The quality of being capable of ex-
ecution ; practicability.
FeAS'I-BLE, a. [Fr. faisahle.] 1. TJiat may be done, per-
formed, executed or effected; practicable. 2. That may
be used or tilled, as land. B. Trumbull.
* See Synopsis. A, £, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-^PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
FEC
333
FEE
1 £ AS'I-BLE, 71. That which is practicable ; that which can
be performed by human means.
FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Feasibility ; practicability.
FeAS'I-BLY, adv. Practicably.
Feast,?!. ['L./estum; Fr. fete.] 1. A sumptuous repast
or entertainment, of which a number of guests partake.
2. A rich or delicious repast or meal ; something delicious
to the palate. 3. A ceremony of feasting ; an anniversary,
periodical or stated celebration of some event ; a festival ;
4. Something delicious and entertaining to the mind or
soul. 5. Thatwhich delights and entertains.
Feast, v. L l. To eat sumptuously ; to dine or sup on rich
provisions. Job, i. 2. To be highly gratified or delighted.
Feast, v.t. l. To entertain with sumptuous provisions ;
to treat at the table magnificently. 2. To delight ; to
pamper ; to gratify luxuriously.
FeAST'ED, pp. Entertained sumptuously ; delighted.
FeAST'ER, 71. I. One who fares deliciously. 2. One who
entertains magnificently. Johnson.
FeAST'FUL, a. 1. Festive ; joyful. Milton. 2. Sumptu-
ous ; luxurious. Pope.
FeAST'ING, ppr. 1. Eating luxuriously. 2. Delighting j
gratifying. 3. Entertaining with a sumptuous table.
FeAST'ING, n. An entertainment.
FeAST'RiTE, n. Custom observed in entertainments.
Feat, 71. [Fr. fait.'] 1. An act ; a deed ; an exploit.— 2.
In a subordinate sense, any extraordinary act of strength,
skill or cunning.
t FeAT, a. Readv ; skilful ; ingenious. Shak.
tFEAT, V. t. To form ; to fashion. Shak.
t FeAT'E-OUS, a. Neat 5 dextrous.
t FeAT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Neatly ; dextrously.
FEATH'ER, ; 71. [Sax. fether ; G. feder. The latter orthog-
FETH'ER, \ raphy is more accordant with etymology.]
1. A plume ; a general name of the covering of fowls. 2.
Kind ; nature ; species ; from the proverbial phrase,
"birds of a feather." 3. An ornament ; an empty title.
— 4. On a horse, a sort of natural frizzling of the hair. — j1
feather in the cap is an honor or mark of distinction.
FEATH'ER, v. t. 1. To dress in feathers ; to fit with
feathers, or to cover with feathers. 2. To tread, as a cock.
3. To enrich ; to adorn 3 to exalt. — To feather one^s nest,
to collect wealth.
FEATH'ER- BED, n. A bed filled with feathers ; a soft bed.
FEATH'ER-DRlV'ER, 71. One who beats feathers to make
them hght or loose.
FEATH'ERED, pp. 1. Covered with feathers; enriched.
2. a. Clothed or covered with feathers. 3. Fitted or fur-
nished with feathers. 4. Smoothed, like down or feath-
ers. 5. Covered with things growing from the substance.
FEATH'ER-EDGE, n. An edge like a feather.
FEATH'ER-ED6ED, a. Having a thin edge.
FEATH'ER-FEW. A corruption of fever-few.
FEATH'ER-GRASS, 71. A plant, gramen plumos^im. John-
son.
FEATH'ER-LESS, a. Destitute of feathers ; unfledged.
Hoiceh
t FEATH'ER-LY, a. Resembling feathers. Brown.
FEATH'ER-SEL'LER, n. One who sells feathers for beds.
FEATH'ER-Y, a. I. Clothed or covered with feathers. Mil-
ton. 2. Resembling feathers.
FeAT'LY, adv. Neatly ; dextrously ; adroitly.
FeAT'NESS, 71. Dexterity ; adroitness ; skilfulness. [Little
v^ed.]
tFEAT'OUS. Sec Feateous.
FeAT'URE,71. [Norm, faiture.] 1. The make, form, or
cast of any part of the face ; any single lineament. 2.
The make or cast of the face. 3. The fashion ; the make ;
the whole turn or cast of the body. 4. The make or form
of any part of the surface of a thing. 5. Lineament ;
outline ; prominent parts.
FeAT'URED, a. Having features or good features.
FeAZE, v. t. To untwist the end of a rope.
t FE-BRIC'I-TATE, v. i. [L. febmcitar.] To be in a fever.
Diet.
t FE-BRI€'U-LOSE, a. Troubled with a fever. Diet
FEB'RI-Fa-CIENT, a. Causmg fever. Beddoes.
FEB'RI-Fa-CIENT, 71. That which produces fever.
FE-BRIF'I€, a. [L. febris and facio.] Producing fever ;
feverish.
FEB'RI-FUGE, 71. [L. febris and fiigo J Any medicine
that mitigates or removes fever.
FEB'RI-FU6E, a. Having the quality of mitigating or sub-
duing fever; antifebrile. Jirbuthnot.
* FE'BEILE, or FEB'RILE, a. [Fr. ; h.febrilis.] Pertain-
ing to fever ; indicating fever, or derived from it.
FEB'RU-A-RY, 71. [1,. Februarius.] The name of the sec-
ond month in the year.
FEB-RU-a'TION, 71. Purification. Spenser.
Fe'CAL, a. Containing or consisting of dregs, lees, sedi-
ment or excrement.
Fe'CES, 71. plu. [L. faces.] 1. Dregs ; lees ; sediment ;
the matter which subsides in casks of liquor. 2. Excre-
ment.
Fe'CIAL, a. [L. fecialis.] Pertaining to heralds and the
denunciation of war to an enemy. Kent.
t FECK'LESS, a. Spiritless ; feeble ; weak ; perhaps a cor-
ruption of effectless.
FE€'U-LA, n. 1. The green matter of plants ; chlorophyl.
Ure. 2. Starch or farina.
FEC'U-LENCE, \n. [L. fmculentia.] 1. Muddiness ; loul.
FE€'IJ-LEN-CY, \ ness ; the quality of being foul. 2.
Lees ; sediment ; dregs.
FEOU-LENT, a. Foul with extraneous or impure sub-
stances ; muddy ; thick ; turbid.
FE€'U-LUM, n. A dry, dusty substance obtained from
plants.
*Fe'€UND, a. [L. facundus,] Fruitftil in children ; pro-
lific. Qraunt.
* Fe'€UN-DATE, v.t. 1. To make fruitful or prolific. 3.
To impregnate.
* Fe'CUN-DA-TED, pp. Rendered prolific or fruilfui.
* Fe'€UN-DA-TING, ppr. Rendering fruillul
FE-CUN-Da'TION, n. The act of making fruitful or pro-
lific ; impregnation.
FE-€UND'I-FY, v. t. To make fruitfux ; to fecundate.
FE-€UND'I-TY, 71. [L. fcBcunditas.] 1. Fruitfulness ; the
quality of producing fruit ; particularly, the quality in fe-
male animals of producing young in great numbers. 2.
The power of producing or bringing forth. Ray. 3. Fer-
tility ; the power of bringing forth in abundance ; rich-
ness of invention.
FED, pret and pp. of feed, which see.
FED'ER-AL, a. [L. fadm.] 1. Pertaining to a league or
contract. Grew. 2. Consisting in a compact between par-
ties ; founded on alliance by contract or mutual agreement.
3. Friendly to the constitution of the United States.
FED'ER-AL-IST, n. An appellation, in America, given to
the friends of the constitution of the United States, at its
formation and adoption, and to the politictil party which
favored the administration of President Washington.
t FED'ER-A-RY, or j FED'A-RY, n. A partner ; a confede-
rate ; an accomplice. Shak.
FED'ER-ATE, a. [L. fwderatus.] Leagued ; united ijy
compact, as sovereignties, states or nations ; joined in
confederacy.
FED-ER-a'TION, 71. 1, The act of uniting ma league. 2
A league ; a confederacy. Burke.
FED'ER-A-TiVE, a. Uniting ; joining in a league ; form-
ing a confederacy.
fFED'I-TY, ??. [L. fceditas.] Turpitude; vileness.
FEE, n. [Sax. feo,feoh.] 1. A reward or compensation for
services ; recompense, either gratuitous, or established by
law.
FEE, 71. [a contraction of feud or fief.] Primarily, a loan of
land, an estate in trust, granted by a prince or lord, to be
held by the grantee on condition of personal service, or
other condition ; and if the grantee or tenant failed to per-
form the conditions, the land reverted to the lord or donor,
called the landlord, or lend-lord, the lord of the loan. A
fee, then, is any land or tenement held of a superior on
certain conditions. It is synonymous with fief and feud.
— In the United States, an estate in fee or fee-sim-ple is
what is called in English law an allodial estate, an estate
held by a person in his own rignt, and descendible to tlie
heirs in general.
FEE'-FARM, n. A kind of tenure of estates without hom-
age, fealty or other service, except that mentioned in the
feoffment.
FEE'-TaIL, 7?. An estate entailed ; a conditional fee.
FEE, V. t. 1. To pay a fee to ; to reward. Hence, 2. To
engage in one's service by advancing a fee or sum of
money to. 3. To hire ; to bribe. 4. To keep in hire.
FEE'BLE, a. [Fr. foible ; Sp. feble.] 1. Weak , destitute
of much physical strength. 2. Infirm ; sickly ; debilitated
by disease. 3. Debilitated by age or decline of life. 4.
Not full or loud. 5. Wanting force or vigor. 6. Not
bright or strong ; faint ; imperfect. 7. Not strong or vig-
orous. 8. Not vehement or rapid ; slow ; as, feeble mo-
tion.
t FEE'BLE, ^.t. To weaken. See Enfeeble.
FEE'BLE-MlND-ED, a. Weak in mind ; wanting firmness
or constancy ; irresolute.
FEE'BLE-NESS, n. 1. Weakness of body or mind, from
any cause ; imbecility ; infirmity ; want of strength, phys-
ical or intellectual. 2. Want of fullness or loudness. 3.
Want of vigor or force. 4. Defect of brigJitness.
FEE'BLY, adv. Weakly ; without strength.
FEED, V. t. ; pret. and pn. fed. [Sax.fedan.] 1. To give
food to. 2. To supply with provisions. 3. To supply ; to
furnish with any thing of which there is constant con-
sumption, waste or use. 4. To graze ; to cause to be crop-
ped by feeding, as herbage by cattle. 5. To nourish ; to
cherish ; to supply with nutriment. 6. To keep in hope
or expectation. 7. To supply fuel. 8. To delight ; to sup-
ply with something desirable ; to entertain. 9. "" o give
food or fodder for fattening; to fatten. 10. To supply
with food, and to lead, guard and protect.
* See Synopsis. MOVE BOOK, DOVE ;-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
FEL
334
FEL
FEED, V. i. 1. To take food ; to eat. 2. To subsist by eat-
ing -. lo prey. 3. To pasture ; to graze ; to place cattle to
feed. 4. To grow fat.
FEED, n. 1. Food ; that which is eaten j pasture ; fodder.
2. Meal, or act of eating.
FEED'ER, n. 1. One that gives food, or supplies nourish-
ment. 2. One who furnishes incentives ; an encourager.
3. One that eats or subsists. 4. One that fattens cattle
for slaughter. U. States. 5. A fountain stream or channel
that sup. .. .es a main canal with water. — Feeder of a vein,
in mininy, a short cross vein. Cyc.
FEED'lNCi, ppr. Giving food or nutriment ; furnishing pro-
visions j eating ; taking food or nourishment j grazing ;
nourishing ; supplying.
FEED'ING, n. Eich pasture. Drayton.
FEEL, V. t.; pret. and pp. felt. [Sax. f elan, fcelan, gefelan.]
1. To perceive by the touch ; to have sensation excited by
contact of a thing with the body or limbs. 2. To have the
sense of; to suffer or enjoy. 3. To experience ; to suffer.
4. To be' affected by ; to perceive mentally. 5. To know ;
to be acquainted with ; lo have a real and just view of.
6. To touch ; to handle ; witli or without of.— To feel, or
to feel out, is to try ; to sound ; to search for ; to explore.
— To feel after, to search for j to seek to find,
FEEL, V. i. 1. To have perception by the touch. 2. To
have tJie sensibility or the passions moved or excited. 3.
To give perception ; to excite sensation. 4. To have per-
ception mentally ; as, to feel hurt.
FEEL, n. The sense of feeling, or the perception caused by
the touch.
FEEL'ER, n. 1. One who feels. 2. One of the palpi of in-
sects.
FEEL'ING, ppr. I. Perceiving by the touch ; having per-
ception. 2. a. Expressive of great sensibility ; affecting ;
tending to excite the passions. 3. Possessing great sen-
sibility ; easily affected or moved. 4. Sensibly or deeply
affected.
FEEL'ING, 71. 1. The sense of touch ; one of the five senses.
2. Sensation; the effect of perception. 3. Faculty or
power of perception ; sensibility. 4. Nice sensibility. 5.
Excitement ; emotion.
FEEL'ING-LY, adv. I. With expression of great sensibil-
ity ; tenderly. 2. So as to be sensibly felt.
t FEESE, 71. A race. Barret.
FEET, n.; plu. of foot. See Foot.
FEET'LESS, a. Destitute of feet.
FEIGN, (fune) v. t. [Fr. feindre.] 1. To invent or imag-
ine ; to form an idea or conception of something not real.
2. To make a show of; to pretend ; to assume a false ap-
pearance; to counterfeit. 3. To represent falsely; to
pretend ; to iDrm and relate a fictitious tale. 4. To dis-
semble ; to conceal; [obs.]
FEIGN, V. i. To relate falsely ; to image from the invention.
Shak.
FEIGNED, pp. Invented ; imagined ; assumed.
FEIGN'ED-LY, adv. In fiction ; in pretense ; not really.
FEIGN'ED-NESS, n. Fiction ; pretense ; deceit.
FEIGN'ER, 71. One who feigns ; an inventor.
FEIGN'ING, ppr. Imagining ; inventing ; pretending ; mak-
ing a false show.
FEIGN'ING, 71. A false appearance ; artful contrivance.
FEIGN'ING-LY, adv. With false appearance.
FEINT, 71. [Fr. feinte.] I. An assumed or false appearance ;
a pretense of doing something not intended to be done.
2. A mock attack. Prior. Encyc.
j- FEINT, a. or pp. Counterfeit; seeming. Locke.
Fe'LAND-ERS, n. [See Filanders.] Ainsworth.
FEL^'pAR^' }'^' [G. f eld and spar.] A mineral widely
■PT?T n/cjPAT-TT r- distributed, and usually of a foliated
IIl^pItSJ^'S structure.
FELD-SPATH'I€, a. Pertaining to feldspar.
FE-LIC'I-TATE, v. t [Fr. feliciter.] \. To make very
happy. 2. To congratulate ; to express joy or pleas-
ure to.
FE-LIC'I-T.\TE, a. Made very happy. Shak.
FE-LIC'I-TA-TED, pp. Made very happy ; congratulated.
FE-LIC'I-TA-TING, ppr. Making very happy ; congratu-
lating
FE-LIG-I-Ta TION, 71. Congratulation. Bid.
FE-LIC'I-TOUS, a. Very happy; prosperous; delightful.
Diet.
FE-LIC'I-TOUS-LY, adv. Happily. Diet.
FE-LIC'I-TY, 71. [L. felicitas.] 1, Happiness, or rather
great happiness ; blessedness ; blissfulness. 2. Prosperity ;
blessing; enjoyment of good.
Fk'LiNE, a. [L. feli-ius.] Pertaining to cats, or to thehr
species ; like a cat.
FELL, pret. of fall.
FELL, a. [Sax. fell.] I. Cruel; barbarous; Inhuman. 2.
Fierce ; savage ; ravenous ; bloody. Pope.
FELL, 71. [Sax. fell.] A skin of a beast.
FELL, 71. [G. fels.] A barren or stony hill. [Local.]
f FELL, ;i. [Sax. felle.] Anger; melanchohness. Spenser.
B'ELL, v. t. [D. vellen ; G. fallen.] To cause to fall to
prostrate ; to bring to the ground.
FELLED, pp. Knocked or cut down.
FELL'ER, n. One who hews or knocks down.
FEL-LIF'LU-OUS, a. Flowing with gall. Diet.
FELL'ING, ppr. Cutting or beating to the ground
FELL'M6NG-ER, n. A dealer in hides.
FELL'NESS, n. Cruelty ; barbarity : rage.
FELL'OE. See Felly.
FEL'LoW, 71. [Sax. felaw.] I. A companion; an asso-
ciate. 2. One of the same kind. 3. An equal. 4. One
of a pair, or of two things used together and suited to each
other. 5. One equal or like another. 6. An appellation
of contempt ; a man without good breeding or worth ; an
ignoble man ; as, a mean fellow. 7. A member of a col-
lege that shares its revenues ; or a member of any incor-
porated society. 8. A member of a corporation ; a trus-
tee. U. States.
FEL'LoW, V. t. To suit with ; to pair with ; to match. —
In composition, fellow denotes community of nature, sta-
tion or employment.
FEL'LoW-CIT'I-ZEN, n. A citizen of the same state or
nation. Eph. ii.
FEL'LoW-€OM'MON-ER, n. 1. One who has the same
right of common. — 2. In Cambridge, England, one who
dines with the fellows.
FEL'LoW-€OUN'SEL-OR, n. An associate in council.
FEL'LoW-CRkAT'URE, 71. One of the same race or kind.
FEL'LoW-FEEL'ING, n. 1. Sympatay , a like feeling.
2. Joint interest ; [not in use.]
FEL'LoW-HEIR, n. A co-heir, or joint-heir ; one entitled
to a share of the same inheritance.
FEL'LoW-HELP'ER, 71. A co-adjutor ; one who concurs
or aids in the same business.
FEL'LoW-La'BOR-ER, 71. One who labors in the same
business or design .
FEL'LoW-LiKE, ) a. Like a companion ; companionable;
FEL'LoW-LY, \ on equal terms. Carew.
FEL'LoW-MaID'EN, 71. A maiden who is an associate.
FEL'LoW-MEM'BER, n. A member of the same body.
FEL.l,0W-MIN'IS-TER, 71. One who officiates in the
samejninistry or calling. Shak.
FEj^'LoW-PEER, 71. One who has the like privileges of
nobility. Shak.
FEL'LoW-PRIS'ON-ER, n. One imprisoned in the same
place^ Rom. xvi.
FEL'LoW-RaKE, 71. An associate in vice.
FEL'LoW-SCHOL'AR, n. An associate in studies.
FEL'LcW-SERV'aNT, 74. One who has the same master.
Milton.
FEL'LoW-SHIP, n. 1. Companionship; society; consort
mutual association of persons on equal and friendly terms
familiar intercourse. 2. Association ; confederacy ; com-
bination. 3. Partnership ; joint interest, 4. Company •
a state of being together. 5. Frequency of intercourse.
6. Fitness and fondness for festive entertainments. 7.
Communion ; intimate familiarity. — 8. In arithmetic, the
rule of proportions, by which the accounts of partners in
business are adjusted. 9. An establishment in colleges,
for the maintenance of a fellow.
FEL'LoW-SoL'DIER, 71. One who fights under the same
commander, or is engaged in the same service.
FEL'LoW-STReAM, n. A stream in the vicinity.
FEL'LoW-STtJ'DENT, n. One who studies in the same
company or class with another.
FEL'LoW-SUB'JECT, n. One who is subject to the same
government with another.
FEL'LoW-SUF'FER-ER, n. One who shares in the same
evil, or partakes of the same sufl^erings with another.
FEL'LoW-TRAV'EL-ER, n. One who travels in company
with another.
FEL'LoW-WRlT'ER, n. One who writes at the same
time. Addison.
FEL'LoW-WoRK'ER, n. One employed in the same oc-
cupation.
FEL'LY, adv. Cruelly ; fiercely ; barbarously.
FEL'LY, n. [Sax. fmlge.] The exterior part or rim of a
wheel, supported by the spokes.
FE-LO DE SE, in Zaw, one who commits felony by suicide.
FEL'ON, 71. [Fr. felon.] 1. In law, a person who has com-
mitted felony. 2. A whitlow ; a painful swelling formed
in the periosteum at the end of the finger.
FEL'ON, a. 1. Malignant; fierce; malicious; proceeding
frorn a depraved heart. 2. Traitorous ; disloyal.
FE-Lo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Malignant; malicious; indicating or
proceeding from a depraved heart or evil purpose ; vil-
lainous ; traitorous ; perfidious. — 2. In law, proceeding
from an evil heart or purpose ; done with the deliberate
purpose to commit a crime.
FE-Lo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. In a felonious manner ; ^*ith the
deliberate intention to commit a crime.
t FEL'ON-OUS, a. Wicked ; felonious. Spenser
FEL'ON-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus solamin.
FEL'O-NY, 71. In common law, any crime which incurs the
See Si^opsia. A, E, T, 5, U, Y, long.—FK^. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY —PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
FEN
335
FER
rorfeiture of lands or goods. All offenses punishable with
death are felonies ; and so are some crimes not thus pun-
ished, as suicide, homicide by chance-medley, or in self-
defense, and petty larceny.
FEL'SITE, n. A species of compact feldspar.
FELT, pret. of feel.
FELT, n. [Sax. felt.] 1. A cloth or stuff made of wool, or
wool and hair, fulled or v/rought into a compact substance
by rolling and pressure with lees or size. 2. A Iiat made
of wool. 3. Skin.
FELT, V. t. To make cloth or stuff of wool by fulling.
FELT'ER, v.t. To clot or meet together like felt.
FELT'Ma-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make
felt.
FE-LU€'€A, n. [It. feluca.] A boat or vessel, with oars
and lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean.
FEL'WoRT, 11. A plant, a species of gentian.
Fe'MALE, n. [Fr. femelle.] 1. Among animals, one of
that sex which conceives and brings forth young. — 2.
Among plants, that which produces fruit ; that wliich
bears the pistil, and receives the pollen of the male flow-
ers.
Fk'MALE, a. 1. Noting the sex which produces young ;
not male. 2. Pertainmg to females. 3. Feminine ; soft 5
delicate ; weak. — Female rhymes, double rhymes, so called
from the French, in which language they end in e femi-
nine.
Fe'MALE-FLOW'ER, n. In botany, a flower which is
furnished with the pistil.
Fe'MALE-PLANT, n. A plant which produces female
flowers.
Fe'MALE-S€REW, n. A screw with grooves.
FEME-€0-VERT, or FEMME-€0-VERT, (fam-koo-vare')
n. [Fr.] A married woman, wlio is under covert of her
baron or husband.
FEME-SOLE, or FEMME-SOLE, (f am-sole') n. An un-
married woman. — Femme-sole merchant, a woman who
uses a trade alone, or v/ithout her husband.
FEM-I-NAL'I-TY, n. The female nature. Brown.
t FEM'I-NATE, a. Feminine. Ford.
FEM'I-NINE, a. [Fr.femiain.] 1. Pertaining to a woman,
or to women, or to females. 2. Soft ; tender ; delicate.
3. Effeminate; destitute of manly qualities. — i. In gram-
mar, denoting the gender, or words v hich signify femalts,
or the termhiations of such words.
t FEM'1-NlNE, 71. A female. Milton.
t FE-MIN'I-TY, 71. The quality of the female sex.
t FEM'I-NiZE, V. t. To make womanish. More.
FEM'0-RAL, a. [l^.femoralis.'] Belonging to the thigh.
FEN, n. [Sax./e7i, or/e?m.] Low land overflowed, or cov-
ered wholly or partially with water, but producing sedge,
coarse grasses, or other aquatic plants ; boggy land ; a
moor or marsli.
FEN'-BER-RY, 71. A kind of blackberry. Skinner.
FEN'-BORN, a. Born or produced in a fen. Milton.
FEN'-€RESS, n. [Sax./e7i-cerse.] Cress growing in fens.
FEN'-€RI€K-ET, n. [gryllotalpa.] An insect that digs
for itself a little hole in tlie ground.
FEN'-DU€K, 71. A species of wild duck.
FEN'-FOWL, 71. Any fowl that frequents fens.
FEN'-LAND, n. Marshy land.
FEN'-SU€KED, a. Sucked out of marshes. Shak.
FENCE, (fens) n. 1. A waH, hedge, ditch, bank, or line
of posts and rails, or of boards or pickets, intended to con-
fine beasts from straying, and to guard a field from en-
croachment. 2. A guard ; any thing to restrain entrance ;
that which defends from attack, approach or injury ; se-
curity ; defense. 3. Fencing, or the art of fencing ; de-
fense. 4. Skill in fencing or defense.
FENCE, (fens) v. t. 1. To inclose with a hedge, wall, or
any thing that prevents the escape or entrance of cattle ;
to secure by an inclosure. 2. To guard ; to fortify.
FENCE, V. i. 1. To practice the art of fencing. 2. To
fight and defend by giving ?iid avoiding blows or thrusts.
3. To raise a fence ; to guard.
FENCED, pp. Inclosed with a fence ; guarded ; fortified.
FENCE'FUL, (fens'ful) a. Affording defense.
FENCE'LESS, (fens'ies) a. 1. Without a fence; unin-
closed ; unguarded. 2. Open ; not inclosed. Rowe.
FENCE'-MoNTH, n. The month in which hunting in any
forest is prohibited. Bnllokar.
FEN'CER, n. One who fences ; one who teaches or practi-
ces the art of fencing with sword or foil.
FEN'CI-BLE, a. 1. Capable of defense. Addison. 2. n. A
soldier for defense of the country.
FEN'CING, ppr. Inclosing with fence,; guarding; fortify-
ing.
FEN'CING, 71. 1. The art of using skilfully a sword or foil
in attack or defense. 2. The materials of fences for
farms. JV. Emjland.
FEN'CING-MAS'TER, n. One who teaches the ait of at-
tack and defense with sword or foil.
FEN'CING-SCHOOL, n. A school in which the art of fen-
cing is taught.
FEND, V. t. To keep off; to prevent from entering ; to
ward off ; to shut out.
FEND, V. i. To act in opposition ; to resist ; to parry ; tc
shift off. Locke.
FEND'ED, pp. Kept off; warded off; shut out.
FEND'ER, 71. L That which defends; a utensil employed
to hinder coals of fire from rolling forward to the floor.
2. A piece of timber or other thing hung over the side of
a vessel to keep off violence.
FEND'ING, ppr. Keeping or warding off.
t FEN'ER-ATE, v. i. [L.fanero.] To put to use ; to lend
on interest.
FEN-ER-A'TION, n. The act of lending on use ; or the
interest or gain of that which is lent.
FE-NES'TRAL, a. [L. fenestralis.] Pertaining to a win
dow. JVicholson.
FEN'NEL, 71. [Sax./e7ioZ.] A fragrant plant.
FEN'NEL-FLOW'ER, n. A plant of the gfnus vigella.
FEN'NEL-GI'ANT, n. A plant of the genus /erjiZa.
FEN'NY, a. 1. Boggy ; marshy ; moorish. 2. Growing In
fens. 3. Inhabiting marshy ground.
FEN'NY-STONES, n. A plant.
t FEN'OWED, a. Corrupted ; decayed.
FEN'U-GREEK, n. [L.fasnumgrwcum.] A plant.
FEOD, (fade) n. A feud. So written by Blackstone, and
other authors ; but more generally /ewrf, which see.
FEO'DAL, (fu'dal) a. Feudal, which see.
FEO-DAL'I-TY, (fu-dal'e-ly) n. Feudal tenures ; the feu-
dal system.
FEO'DA-RY, (fii'da-ry) n. One who holds lands of a supe-
rior, on condition of suit and service. See Feucatory.
FEO'DA-TO-RY, (fu'da-to-ry) See Feudatory.
* FEOFF, (feff) v. t. [Norm, feffre J To invest with a fee
or feud ; to give or grant to one any corporeal heredita-
ment. The compound infeoff is more generallv used.
* FEOFF, 71, A fief. See Fief.
* FEOF-FEE', (fef-fee') n. A person who is infeofled. that
is, invested with a fee or corooreal hereditament.
* FEOF'FOR, or * FEOF'FER, (feffer) n. Oue who in-
feoffs or grants a fee.
FEOFF'MENT, (feff'raent) n. [Law 1,. feoffamentum.]
The gift or grant of a fee or corporeal hereditament.
FE-RA'CiOUS, a. [L. ferax.] Fruitful ; producing abun-
dantly. Thomson.
FE-RAC'i-TY, 71. [L. feracitas.] Fruitful ness.
Fe'RAL, a. [L. fcralis.] Funereal ; mournful.
t FERE, n, [Sax. fera.] A fellow ; a mate ; a peer.
FER'E-TO-RY, 71. [L. feretrum.] A place in a church for
a bier.
Fe'RI-AL, a. [L. ferialis.] Pertaining to holydays, or tO
common days. Gregory.
FE-RI-A'TION, 7?. [L. fcnatio.] The act of keeping holy-
day ; cessation from work.
t Fe'RIE, 71. Any day of the week not kept holy.
Fe'RINE, a. [L.ferinus.'] Wild; untamed; savage.
Fe'RINE-NESS, or FE-RlNE'NESS, n. Wildness ; sav-
ageness. Hale.
FER'I-TY, n. [h.feritas.'] Wildness ; savageness 3 cruelty.
Woodward.
t FERM, 71. A farm or rent ; a lodging-house. See Farm.
JFER'MENTj n. [L. fermentum.] 1. A gentle boiling ; or
the internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid. 2.
1 Intestine motion ; heat ; tumult ; agitation. 3. That
wliich causes fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting
beer.
FER-MENT', v. t. [L.fermento.] To set in motion ; to ex-
cite internal motion ; to heat ; to raise by intestine motion.
FER-MENT', v. i. To work ; to effervesce ; to be in mo-
tion, or to be excited into sensible internal motion.
FER-MENT' A-BLE, a. Capable of fermentation.
FER-MENT'AL, a. Having the power to cause fermenta- ■
tion. Brown.
FEP.-MEN-Ta'TION, 71. [L. fermentatio.] The sensible
internal motion of the conacituent particles of animal and
vegetable substances, occasioned by a certain degree of
heat and moisture, and accompanied by an extrication of
gas and heat.
FER-MENT'A-TiVE, a. 1. Causing fermentation. 2. Con-
sisting in fermentation.
FER-MENT'A-TiVE-NESS, 71. The state of being fer-
mentative.
FER-MENT'ED, pp. Worked ; having undergone the pro-
cess of fermentation.
FER-MENT'ING, ppr. Working ; effervescing.
FER'MIL-LET, 71. [Old Fr. /ermazZZet.] A buckle or clasp
FERN, 71. [Sax. /earn.] A plant of several species.
FERN-OWL, 7?. The goatsucker.
FERN'TI-€LES, 71. pin. Freckles on the skin, resembling
the seeds of the fern. Pronounced farnticles. Ctavcn
dialect.
FERN'Y, a. Abounding or overgrown with fern. Barret.
FE-Ro*CIOUS, a. [Fr./sroce,- L.ferox.] 1. Fierce ; sav-
age ; wild; indicating cruelty. 2. Ravenous; rapacious
3. Fierce ; barbarous ; cruel.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
FER
336
FET
FE-R6'CI0US-LY, ado. Fiercely ; with savage cruelty.
FE-Ro'CIOUS-NESS, 71. Savage fierceness j cruelty; fe-
rocity.
FE-ROC'I-TY, 71. [L. ferocitas.] 1. Savage wildness or
fierceness ; fury j cruelty. 2. Fierceness indicating a
savage fceart.
FER'RE-OUS, a. [li. f err ezis.] Partaking of iron ; pertain-
ing to iron ; like u-on j made of iron. Brown.
^ER'RET, n. [D. vret ; Fr. fur et.] 1. An animal of the
genus mustela, or weasel kind. 2. A kind of narrow
woolen tape. — 3. Among glass-makers, the iron used to
try the melted matter.
FER'RBT, V. t. To drive out of a lurking place.
FER'RET-ED, pp. Driven from a lurking place.
FER'RET-ER, n. One that hunts another in his private
retreat.
F£R'RET-ING,jp;)r. Driving from a Imking place.
FER'RI-AGE, n. The fare to be paid at a feny.
FER'RI€, a. Pertaining to or extracted from iron. Lavoi-
sier.
FER-RI-€AL'CITE, n. FL. fcrrum and calx.] A species
of cal carious earth.
FER-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L./en-M7re and /ero.] Producing or
yielding iron. Phillips.
FER'RI-LITE, n. [L. ferrum, and Gr. '^idos.] Rowley
ragg ; a variety of trap
FER-RO-Cy'A-NATE, n. A compound of the ferro-cyanic
acid with a base.
FER-R0-CY-AN''I€, a. [1.. ferrum and cyanic] The same
as ferro-prussic.
FER-RO-PRUS'SIATE, 71. A compound of the ferro-prus-
sic acid with a base.
FER-RO-PR^S'Sie, a. [L,. ferrum mid prussic] Designa-
ting a peculiar acid.
FER-R0-SIL'I-€ATE, 71. A compound of ferro-silicic acid
with a base.
FER-RO-SI-LTC'I€, a. IL. ferrum and silex] Designating
a compound of iron and silex.
FER-Ru'Gl-NA-TED, a. Having the color or properties of
the rust of iron.
FER-Ru'6I-N0US, a. [L. ferrugo.] 1. Partaking of iron ;
containing particles of iron. 2. Of the color of the rust
or oxyd of iron. — Ferrugineovs is less used.
FER'ULEj 71. [Sp. birola.] A ring of metal put round a
cane or other tning to strengthen it.
FER'RY, M. «. [Sax.feran,ferian.] To carry or transport
over a river, strait or other water, in a boat.
PER'RY, V. i. To pass over water in a boat. Milton.
FER'RY, 71. 1. A boat or small vessel in which passengers
and goods are conveyed over rivers or other naiTow wa-
ters ; sometimes called a wherry. 2. The place or pas-
sage where boats pass over water to convey passengers.
3. The right of transporting passengers over a lake or
stream.
FER'RY-BoAT, n. A boat for conveying passengers over
streams and other narrow waters.
FER'RY-MAN, n. One who keeps a ferry, and traiisports
passengers over a river.
FERTH, or FoRTH. Common terminations, the same as
in Etifflish, an army ; ccming from the Saxon word fyrth.
FER'TAe, a. [Ft. fertile.] 1. Fruitful ; rich ; producing
fruit in abundance ; as, fertile land. 2. Rich ; having
abundant resources ; prolific ; productive ; inventive ;
able to produce abundantlv ; as, o. fertile genius.
FER'TILE-LY, adv. FruitfuUv ; abundantly.
FER'TlLE-NESS. See Fertility.
t FER-TILT-TATE, v. t. To fecundate; to fertilize.
Brotcn.
FER-TIL'I-TY, 71. [L. fertilitas.] 1. Fruitfulness ; the
quality of producmg fruit in abundance. 2. Richness ;
abundant resources ; fertile invention.
FER'TIL-iZE, v.t. To enrich; to supply with the pabu-
lum of plants ; to make fruitful or productive.
FER'TIL-IZED, pp. Enricheu ; rendered fruitful.
FER'TIL-lZ-ING, ppr. 1. Enriching ; making fruitful or
productive. 2. a. Enriching ; furnishing the nutriment
of plants.
FER-U-La'CEOUS, a. [L. ferula.] Pertaining to reeds or
canes , having a stalk like a reed.
FER'ULE, 7?. [L. ferula.] 1. A little wooden pallet or
slice, used to punish children in school, by striking them
on tl.e palm of the hand. [Ferular is not used.] 2. Under
the Eastern empire, the ferula was the emperor's scep-
tre.
FER'ULE, V. t. To punish with a ferule.
FERV'EN-CY, n. 1. Heat of mind ; ardor; eagerness. 2.
Pious ardor; animated zeal ; warmth of devotion.
FERVENT, a. [1.. fervens.] 1. Hot; boiling. 2. Hot in
temper ; vehement, 3. Ardent ; very wann ; earnest ;
excited; animated; glowing.
FERV'ENT-LY, adv. 1. Earnestly; eagerly; vehemently;
with great warmth. 2. With pious ardor ; with earnest
zeal ; aidently.
FERV'ENT-NESS, n. Ardor ; zeal. Bale.
FERVID, a. [L. fervidus.] 1, Very hot; burning; boiling-
2. Very warm in zeal ; vehement ; eager ; earnest.
FERV'ID-LY, adv. Very hotly ; with glowing warmth.
FERV'ID-NESS, n. Glowing heat ; ardor of mind ; warm
zeal.
FERV;OR, n. [L./er7;or.] 1. Heat or warmth. 2. Heal
of mind ; ardor ; warm or animated zeal and earnestness
FES'CEN-NINE, a. Pertaining to Fescennium, in Italy
licentious. Kennet,
FES'CEN-NINE, n. A nuptial song, or a licentious song.
FES'CUE, n. [Fr. fetu.] A small wire used to point out
letters to children, when learning to read.
FES'OUE-GRASS, 71. The /cstitca, a genus of grasses.
Fe'SELS, 71. A kind of base grain. May.
FESSE, (fes) n. [l^. fascia.] In heraldry, a band or girdle,
possessing the third part of the escutcheon; one of llie
nine honorable ordinaries.
FESSE-POINT, n. The exact centre of the escutcheon.
FES'TAL, a. [L. festus.] Pertaining to a feast ; joyous ;
gay ; mirthful. Chesterfield.
FES'TER, 7;. I. [qa.lu.pestis^pusotpustula.] To rankle;
to corrupt ; to grow virulent.
FES'TER-ING, ppr. Rankling ; growing virulent.
t FES'TI-NATE, a. rL.festinatus.] Hasty; huiTied.
t FES'TI-NATE-LY, adv. Hastily. Shak.
t FES-TI-Na'TION, n. Haste.
FES'TI-VAL, a. [Ja.festivus.] Pertaining to a feast ; joy-
ous ; mirthful. Mterbury.
FES'TI-VAL, n. The time of feasting; an anniversary day
of joy, civil or religious.
FES'TiVE, a. [L. festivus.] Pertaining to or becoming a
feast ; joyous ; gay ; mirthful.
FES-TIV'1-TY, 71. [L.festivitas.] 1. Primarily, the miith
of a feast ; hence, joyfulness ; gayety ; social joy or ex-
hilaration of spirits at an entertainment. Taylor. 2. A
festival ; [obs.j Brown.
FES-TOON', 71. [Fx.feston.] Something in imitation of a
garland or wreath. — In architecture and sculpture, an or-
nament of carved work in the form of a wreath of Jlowers,
fruits and leaves intermixed or twisted together.
FES'TU-CINE, a. [L.festuca.] Being of a straAV-coIor
FES'TU-€OUS, a. Formed of straw. Brown.
fFET, 71. [Ft. fait.] Apiece.
t FET, V. t. or t. To fetch ; to come to. Tusscr.
Fe'TAL, a. [from fetus.] Pertaining to a fetus.
FETCH, w. «. [Sax. /eccan, or /eccea?*.] 1. To goand bring,
or, simply, tc bring. 2. To derive ; to draw, as from a
source. 3. To strike at a distance ; [iiot tised.l 4. To
bring back ; to recall ; to bring to any state, 5. To bring
or draw. 6. To make ; to perform. 7. To draw ; to
heave. 8. To reach ; to attam or come to ; to arrive at.
9. To bring ; to obtain as its price. — To fetch out, to bring
or draw out ; to cause to appear. — To fetch to, to restore ;
to revive, as from a swoon. — To fetch up, to bring up ; to
cause to come up or forth.— T'o fetch a pump, to ponr
water into it to make it draw water.
FETCH, V. i. To move or turn. Shak.
FETCH, n. A stratagem, by which a thing is indirectly
brought to pass, or by which one thing seems intended
and another is done ; a trick ; an artifice.
FETCH'ER, n. One that brings.
FETCH'ING, ppr. Bringing; going and bringing; deriv-
ing ; drawing ; reaching ; obtaining as price.
FET'I-€HISM, j 71. The worship of idols among the ne-
FET'I-CISM, \ groes of Africa, among whom fetich is
an idol.
* FET'ID, a. [L. fatidiis.] Having an offensive smell ;
having a strong or rancid scent.
FET'ID-NESS, 71. The quality of smelling offensively ; a
fetid quality.
FE-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [1.. fmtifcr .] Producing young, as an-
imals.
FET'LO€K, 71. A tuft of hair growing behind the pasten:>
joint of many horses.
Fe'TOR, 71. [L./ffiJor.] Any strong, offensive smell ; stench
Mrhuthnot.
FET'TER, 71. [Sax./efor.] 1. A chain for the feet. 2. Any
thing that confines or restrains from motion.
FET'TER, v. t. 1. To put on fetters ; to shackle or confine
the feet with a chain. 2. To bind ; to enchain ; to con-
fine ; to restrain motion ; to impose restraints on.
FET'TERED, pp. Bound or confined by fetters.
FET'TER-ING, ppr. Binding or fastening by the feet with
a chain ; confining ; restraining motion.
FET'TER-LESS, a. Free from fetters or restraint.
FET'TLE, 71. Order , good condition. Craven dialect.
FET'TLE, V. t. 1. To repair ; to mend any thing which is
broken or defective. Chesh. Gloss. 2. To do trifling
business. Bp. Hall.
FETT'STEIN, n. A mineral, called also claolite.
Fe'TUS, 71. ; plu. Fetuses. [L. fwtus.] The young of vi-
viparous animals in the womb, and of oviparous animals
in the egg, after it is perfectly formed ; before which tune
it is called embryo.
* See Sipiopeis. 5, E, T, O, tj, 'S', long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— KN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
FlC
S37
FIE
f FEtJ, n. [Sax feoh.] A fee, or feudal tenure.
FEU DE JOIE, (fu'de-zwa') fire of joy, a French phrase
for a bonfire.
FEuD, 7/. [Sax. f(Bhth, or fcegth.] I. Primarily, 3. deadly
quaiTel. 2. A contention or quarrel ; particularly, an
inveterate quarrel between families or parties in a state.
FEuD, 71. [Fetid, and /ee, which is a contraction of it, is a
word formed from the L. fides. It. fede, Sp./e, Nomi./ei,
faith, trust, with had, state, or ead or odfi, estate ; and a
feiid is an estate in tmst.] A fief; a fee ; a right to lands
or hereditaments held in trust, or on the terms of perform-
ing certain conditions.
f EU'DAL, a. 1. Pertaining to feuds, fiefs or fees. 2. Con-
sisting of feuds or fiefs ; embracing tenures by military
services.
f FEu'DAL, n. A depenfiance ; something held by tenure.
FEU-DAL'I-TY n. The state or quality of being feudal ;
feudal form or constitution. Burke.
FEU'DAL-ISM, 71. The feudal system; the principles, and
constitution of feuds, or lands held by military services.
Whitaker.
FEU'DA-RY, a. Holding land of a superior.
FEU'DA-TA-RY, n. A feudatory, which see.
i''Eu'DA-TO-R.Y, n. [Sp. feuda.torio.] A tenant or vassal
who holds ^is lajids of a superior, on condition of military
service ; the tenant of a feud or fief. Blackstone.
FEUDIST, 71. A writer on feuds. Spelman.
FEuIL'LA6E, (ful'laje) n. [Ft.] A bunch or row of
FEtJ'ILLE-MORT, (fu'il-mort) w. [Fr.] The color of a faded
leaf.
t FEu'TER, v.t. To make ready. Spenser.
t FEU'TER-ER, n. A dog keeper. Massenger.
Fe'VER, n. [Ft.fievre.l 1. A disease, characterized by an
accelerated pulse, with increase of heat, impaired func-
tions, diminished strength, and often with preternatural
thirst. 2. Heat ; agitation ; excitement by any thing that
strongly affects the passions.
FK'VER, v. t. To put in a fever. Dryden.
Fe'VER-COOL-ING, a. Allaying febrile heat.
t Fk'VER-ET, n. A slight fever. Ayliffe.
Fe'VER-FEW, 71. [Qax.fieferfuge.'] A plant.
Fe'VER-ISH, a. 1. Having a slight fever. 2. Diseased
with fever or heat. 3. Uncertain ; inconstant ; fickle ;
now hot, now cold. 4. Hot ; sultry ; burning.
Fk'VER-ISH-NESS, 71. The state of being feverish; a
slight febrile affection.
Fe'VER-OUS, a. 1. Affected with fever or ague. 2. Hav-
ing the nature of fever. 3. Having a tendency to produce
fever.
Fe'VER-LY, a. Like a fever.
Fk'VER-OUS-LY, adv. In a feverish manner. Donne.
Fe'VER-ROOT, n. A plant of the genus triosteum.
FK'VER-SI€k, a. [Sax. fefcr-seoc.'] Diseased with fever.
Fe VER-WjeAK'ENED, a. Debihtated by fever.
Fk'VER-WEED, n. A plant of the genus eryna-ium.
Fe'VER-WoRT. See Fever-root.
Fe'VER-Y, a. Affected with fever. B. Jonson.
FEW, o. [Sax./ea, or/cawa.] Not many ; small in number.
FEW'EL, n. Combustible matter. See Fuel.
FEW'EL, v. t. To feed with fewel. Cowley.
FEWNESS, 71. 1. Smallness of number; paucity. 2. Pau-
city of words; brevity; [ois.] Shak.
FKY,v.t. [If.veghen.] To cleanse a ditch of mud. Tusser.
Fl'ANCE, w. «. To betroth. See Affiance.
Fl'AT. [L. from fio ; let it be done.] A decree ; a command
to do something.
FIB, n. A lie or falsehood. A word used among children.
FIB, V. i. To lie ; to speak falsely.
FIB'BER, n. One who tells lies or fibs.
FIB'BING, jipr. Telling fibs ; as a noun, the telling of fibs.
FI'BRE, ) n. [Fr. fibre.'] 1. A thread ; a fine, slender body
Fl'BER, \ which constitutes a part of the frame of ani-
mals. 2. A filament or slender thread in plants or min-
erals ; the small, slender root of a plant. 3. Any fine,
^lender thread. '
Fl'BRIL, 71. [Vx.fihrille.] A small fibre ; the branch of a
fibre ; a very slender thread. Cheyne.
FI-BRIL'LOUS, a. Relating to the fibres. Dr. Rinnier.
Fl BRIN, 71. A peculiar organic compound substance found
in animals and vegetables.
FTB'RO-LlTE, n. A mineral.
Fl'BROUS, «. 1. Composed or consisting of fibres. 2. Con-
taining fibres.
FIBU-LA, 71. [L.] 1. The outer and lesser bone of the leg.
Quincy. 2. A clasp or buckle.
FICKLE, a. [Snx.ficoL] 1. Wavering; inconstant; un-
stable ; of a changeable mind ; irresolute ; not firm in
opinion or purpose ; capricious. 2. Not fixed or firm ;
liable to change or vicissitude.
FI€'KLE-NESS, n. 1. A wavering ; wavering disposition ;
inconstancy ; instability ; unsteadiness in opinion or pur-
pose. 2. Instability ; changeableness.
FICKLY, adv. Without firmness or steadiness.
FT'CO, n. [It.] An act of contempt done with the fingers,
expressing a j^ /or ^OM.
FICTILE, a. [L.fictilis.] Molded into form by art : manu-
factured by the potter.
FICTION, 71. [l,.fictio.] I. The act of feigning, inventing
or imagining. 2. That which is feigned, invented or
imagined.
tFICTIOUS, for fictitious.
FI€-Tl"TIOUS, ffl. [Tu. fictitius.] 1. Feigned; imaginary-,
not real. 2. Counterfeit ; false ; not genuine.
FI€-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. By fiction ; falsely ; counterfeits
FI€-Ti"TIOUS-NESS, n. Feigned representation.
tFICTIVE, a. Feigned.
FID, n. 1. A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder
at one end, used to support the top-mast. 2. A pin Oi
hard wood or iron, tapering to a point, used to open the
strands of a rope in splicing.
FID'DLE, n. [G.fiedel.] A stringed instrument of music
a violin.
FID'DLE, V. i 1. To play on a fiddle or violin. 2. T
triflle ; to shift the hands often and do nothing, like a fel
low that plays on a fiddle.
FID'DLE, V. t. To plav a tune on a fiddle.
FID'DLE-FAD'DLE, n. A trifle. [j1 loio cant word.]
FinOLE-FAD'DLE, a. Trifling ; making a bustle about
nothing. [Vulgar.]
FID'DLER, n. One who plays on a fiddle or violin.
FID'DLE-STICK, n. I'he bow and string with which a
fiddler playst on a violin.
FID'DLE-STRING, n. The string of a fiddle.
FID'DLE-WOOD, n. A plant of the genus citharexylon.
FID'DLING, 'ppr. Playing on a fiddle.
FID'DLTNG, n. The act of playing on a fiddle.
FI'DE-JUS'SION, 71. [L. fidejussio.] Suretiship ; the act of
heing bound for another. Farindon.
FI'DE-JUS-SOR, 71. [L.] A surety ; one bound for another."
Blackstone.
FI-DEL'I-TY, 71. [L. fidelitas.] 1. Faithfulness ; careful
and exact observance of duty, or performance of obliga-
tions. 2. Firm adherence to a person or party with
which one is united, or to which one is bound ; loyalty.
3. Observance of the marriage covenant. 4. Honesty ;
veracity ; adherence to truth.
FID6E, ) V. i. To move one way and the other ; to move
FIDG'ET, ] irregularly, or in fits and starts. [A low word.]
FIDG'ET, 71. IiTegular motion ; restlessness. [Vulgar.]
FIDG^ET-Y, a. Restless ; uneasy. [ Vulgar.]
FI-Du'CIAL, a. [IL. fiducia.] I. Confident; undoubting ;
firm. 2. Having the nature of a trust.
FI-DU'CIAL-LY* adv. With confidence. South.
FI-Du'CIA-RY, a. [L. fiduciarius.] 1. Confident ; steady ;
undoubting; unwavering; firm. 2. Not to be doubted.
3. Held in trust.
FI-DU'CIA-RY, 71. 1. One who holds a thing in trust ; a
trustee. 2. One who depends on faith for salvation,
without works ; an antinomian.
FlE, (fl) An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike.
FIeF, (feef) n. [Fr. fief.] A fee ; a feud ; an estate held of
a superior on condition of military service.
FIELD, (feeld)7i. [Sax. field; G. field j D.veld.] 1. Apiece
of land inclosed for tillage or pasture. 2. Ground not in-
closed. 3. The ground where a battle is fought. 4. A
battle ; action in the field. — 5. To keep the field, is to keep
the campaign open ; to live in tents, or to be in a state of
active operations. 6. A wide expanse. 7. Open space
for action or operation ; compass ; extent. 8. A piece or
tract of land. 9. The ground or blank space on which
figures are drawn. — 10. In heraldry, the whole surface of
the shield, or the continent. — 11. In Scripture, field often
signifies the open country, ground not inclosed. 12. A
fifld of ice, a large body of floating ice.
FIeLD'ED, a. Being in the field of battle ; encamped
Shak.
FIeLD'-BAS-IL, n. A plant of several kinds.
FIeLD'-BED, n. A bed for the field. Shak.
FIeLD'-BOOK, n. A book used in surveying.
FIeLD'-€6L-ORS, n. plu. In war, small flags.
FIeLD'-DU€K, 71. A species of bustard.
FIeLD'FARE, n. A bird, the thrush.
FIeLD-MAR'SHAL, n. The commander of an army ; a
military officer of the highest rank in England.
FIeLD'MOUSE, n. A species of mouse that lives in the
field, burrowing in banks, &;c. Mortimer.
FIeLD'-OF'FI-CER, n. A military officer above the rank
of captain^ as a major or colonel.
FIeLD'-PIeCE, 71. A small cannon which is carried along
with armies, and used in the field of battle.
FIeLD'-PReACH-ER, n. One who preaches in the open
air. Lavington.
FIeLD'-PReACH-ING, 71. A preaching in the field or open
air^ Warhurton.
t FTeLD'ROOM, 71. Open space. Drayton.
FIeLD'-SPoRTS, 71. plu. Diversions of the field, as shoot-
ing and hunting. Chesterfield.
* See Synopsu^
MOVE, BQQK.D6VE-
22
-BULL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as hi thia. f Obsolete.
FIG
338
FIL
Fi^LD'-STAFF, n. A weapon carried by gunners.
FIeLD'-WoRKS, 71. In the military art, works thrown up
for defense,
t FIeLD'Y, a. Open like a field. WicUiffe.
* FIeND, (feend) n. [Sax. ftond.'] x\n enemy in the woi-st
sense ; an implacable or malicious foe ; the devil 5 an in-
fernal being.
* FIeND'FUL, a. Full of evil or malignant practices.
* FIeND'LIKE, ft. Resembling a fiend ; maliciously wick-
ed ; diaboHcal.
* FIERCE, (fers, or feers) a. [Fr fier.] 1. Vehement 3 vio-
lent ; furious ; rushing ; impetuous. 2. Savage ; raven-
ous ; easily enraged."' 3. Vehement in rage; eager for
mischief. 4. Violent; outrageous, not to be restrained.
5. Passionate ; angry ; furious. 6. Wild ; staring ; fei'o-
cious. 7. Very eager ; ardent ; vehement.
*FIERCE'LY, (fers'ly, or feers'ly) adv. 1. Violently; furi-
ously ; with rage. 2. With a wild aspect.
* FIERCE'-MliVD-ED, a. Vehenient ; of a furious tem-
per.
* FIERCE'NESS, (fers'nes, or feers'nes) 71. 1. Ferocity ;
savageness. 2. Eagerness for blood ; fury. 3. Q,uick-
ness to attack ; keenness in anger and resentment. 4.
Violence ; outrageous passion. 5. Vehemence ; fury ;
impetuosity.
Fl'E-RI FACIAS, n. [L.] In Zaw, a judicial writ that lies
for him who has recovered in debt or damages.
Fl'ER-I-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being fiery ; heat ; ac-
rimonv. 2. Heat of temper ; irritability.
Fl'ER-Y, a. 1. Consisting of fire. 2. Hot like fire. 3.
Vehement ; ardent ; very active ; impetuous. 4. Passion-
ate ; easily provoked ; irritable. 5. Unrestrained; fierce.
6. Heated by fire. 7. Like fire ; bright ; glaring.
FIFE, 74. [Fr. fifr^-] A small pipe, used as a wind instru-
ment, chiefly in martial music with drums.
FIFE, v.i. To play on a fife.
FIF'ER, n. One who plays on a fife.
FIF-TEEN', a. [Sax. Jiftyn.] Five and ten.
FIF-TEENTH', ft. [Sas.. Jiftyntha.] 1. The ordinal of fif-
teen ; the fifth after the tenth. 2. Containing one part in
fifteen.
FIF-TEENTH', n. A fifteenth part.
FIFTH, a. [Sax. Jifta.] I. The ordinal of five ; the next to
the fourth. 2. EUiptically, a fifth part.
FIFTH, n. In music, an interval consisting of three tones
and a semitone.
FIFTH'LY, adv. In the fifth place.
FIF'TI-ETH, a. [Sax. fifteogetha.] The ordinal of fifty.
FIF'TY, a. [Sax.fftig.] Five tens ; five times ten.
FIG, n. [Tu. Jicus; Sp. figo.] L The fruit of the fig-tree.
2. The fig-tree.
FIG, V. t. 1. To insult with ficoes or contemptuous motions
of the fingers; [little used.] 2. To put something useless
into one's head"; [not used'.]
FIG, v.i. [SvL. Goth. JiM-] To move suddenly or quickly.
Sylvester.
FIG'-AP-PLE, 71. A species of apple. Johnson.
FIG'-GNAT, n. An insect of the fly kind. Johnson.
FIG'-LeAF, 7!. Theleaf of a fig-tree ; also, a thin covering.
FIG-MAR'I-GoLD, 71. The mesemhryanthemum, a succulent
plant, resembling houseleek.
FIG'-PE€K-ER, n. ['L.ficedula.'] A bird.
FIG'-TREE, 71. A tree of the geimsficus.
FIG'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus scrophularia.
FI-Ga'RY, n. [a corruption of vagary.] A frolic ; a wild
project. M. Oeddes.
FIGHT, (fite) ^•. i. ; pret. and p^). fought, pronounced /ftict.
[Sax.feahtan,feohtan.] 1. To strive or contend for victo-
ry, in battle or in single combat ; to contend in arms.
2. To contend ; to strive ; to struggle to resist or check.
3. To act as a soldier.
FIGHT, (fite) v. t. 1. To carry on contention ; to maintain
a struggle for victory over enemies. 2. To contend with
jn battle ; to war against.
FiGHT, 77. 1. Abattle; ebi engagement ; a contest in arms.
2. Something to screen the combatants in ships.
FiGHT'ER, n. One that fights ; a combatant ; a warrior.
FlGHT'ING, p;?r. 1 Contending in battle ; striving for vic-
tory or conquest. 2. a. Qualified for war ; fit for battle.
3. Occupied in war; being the scene of war.
FiGHT'ING, 71. Contention ; strife ; quarrel.
FIG MENT, n. [L. figmcvtum.] An invention ; a fiction ;
something feigned or imagined.
FIGU-LATE, a. [L figulo.] Made of potter's clay ; mold-
ed ; shaped. [Little used.]
FIG-U-RA-BIL'l-TY, n. The quality of being capable of a
certain fixed or stable form.
FIG'U-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being brought to a certain
fixed form or shape.
PIG'U-RAL, a. Represented by figure or delineation.
FIG'U-RATE, ft. [1-,. figuratus.] 1. Of a certain determm-
ate form. 2. Resembling any thing of a determinate
form ; as, figurate stones, stones or fossils resembling
shells. 3. Figurative ; [not u^ed.]
FIG'U-RA-TED, a Having a determinate form.
FIG-U-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The act of giving figure or deter-
minate form. 2. Determination to a certain form. Bacon.
3. Mixture of concords and discords in music.
FIG'U-RA-TlYE, a. [Fi. figuratif.] 1. Representing some-
thing else ; representing by resemblance ; typical. 2.
Representing by resemblance ; not literal or direct. 3
Abounding with figures of speech.
FIG'U-RA-TiVE-LY, adv. By a figure ; in a manner to ex-
hibit ideas by resemblance ; in a sense difierent from that
which words originally imply.
FIG'URE, (fig'ur) 71. [Fr. figure; 'L.figura.] 1. The form
of any thing as expressed by the outline or terminating
extremities. 2. Shape ; form ; person. 3. Distinguished
appearance ; eminence ; distinction ; remarkable charac-
ter. 4. Appearance of any kind. 5. Magnificence ; splen-
dor. 6. A statue ; an image ; that which is formed in re-
semblance of something else. 7. Representation in paint-
ing ; the lines and colors which represent an animal, par-
ticularly a person. — 8. In manufactures, a design or rep-
resentation wrought on damask, velvet and other stuffs.
— 9. In logic, the order or disposition of the middle term
in a syllogism with the parts of the question. — 10. In
arithmetic, a character denoting a number, as 2. 7. 9. — 11.
In astrology, the horoscope ; the diagram of Jhe aspects of
the astrological houses. Shak. — 12. In theology, type ; rep-
resentative. — 13. In rhetoric, a mode of speaking or writ-
ing, in which words are deflected from their ordinary sig-
nification. In strictness, the change of a word is a trope,
and any affection of a sentence a. figure ; but these terms
are often confounded. — 14. In grammar, any deviation
from the rules of analogy or syntax. — 15. In dancing, the
several steps which the dancer makes in order and ca-
dence.
FIG^URE, (fig'ui-) V. t. 1. To form or mold into any deter-
minate shape. 2. To show by a corporeal resemblance,
as in picture or statuary. 3. To cover or adorn with
figures or images ; to mark with figures ; to form figures
in by art. 4. To diversify ; to variegate with adventitious
forms of matter. 5. To represent by a typical or figura-
tive resemblance. 6. To imagine ; to image in the mind.
Temple. 7. To prefigure ; to foreshow. Shak. 8. To
form figuratively ; to use in a sense not literal. 9. To
note by characters. — 10. In music, to pass several notes
for one ; to form runnings or variations.
FIG'URE, V. i. To make a figure ; to be distinguished.
i liG.uii:|w ™i, I - A P'^'^''^'' to astrology.
FIG'URE-STONE, 71. A name of the agalmatolite.
FIG'ORED, pp. 1. Represented by resemblance ; adorned
with figures ; formed into a determinate figure. — 2. In
music, free and florid.
FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Forming into determinate shape ; repre-
senting by types or resemblances.
FI-La'CEOUS, a. [li.filum.] Composed or consisting of
threads. Bacon.
FIL'A-CER, 71. [Norm, filicer.] An ofllcer in the English
court of common pleas, so called from filing the writs on
which he makes process.
FIL'A-MENT, n. [Fr.] A thread ; a fibre.— In anatomy and
natural history, a fine thread, of which flesh, nerves, skin,
plants, roots, &c., are composed.
FIL-A-MENT'OUS, a. Like a thread ; consisting of fine
filaments.
FIL'AN-DERS, 7!. [Fi.filandres.] A disease in hawks.
FIL'A-TO-RY, 71. [l,.filv ^
spins threads.
lum.] A machine which forms or
FIL'BERT, n. The fruit of the corylus or hazel.
FILCH, V. t. To steal something of little value ; to pilfer,
to steal ; to pillage ; to take wrongfully. Dryden.
FILCHED, pp. Stolen; taken wrongfully from another;
pillaged ; pilfered.
FILCH'ER, n. A thief; one guilty of petty theft.
FILCH'ING, ppr. Stealing ; taking from another wrongful-
ly ; pilfering.
FILCH'ING-LY, adv. By pilfering ; in a thievish manner.
FILE, 71. [Fr.^Ze ; L.^Zm?^.] 1. A thread, string or line :
particularly, a line or wire on which papers are strung.
2. The whole number of papers strung on a line or wire
3. A bundle of papers tied together, with the title of each
indorsed. 4. A roll, list or catalogue. 5. A row of sol-
diers ranged one behind another, from front to rear.
FILE, V. t. 1. To string ; to fasten, as papers, on a line 01
wire for preservation. 2. To arrange or insert in a bun-
dle, as papers, indorsing the title on each paper. 3. Tc
present or exhibit ofiicially, or for trial.
FILE, v. i. To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not
abreast, but one after another.
FILE, n. [Sax.feoL] An instrument used in smoothing and
polishing metals.
FILE, V. t. [Russ. opilevayu.] 1. To rub and smooth with
a file ; to polish. 2. To cut as with a file ; to wear off or
away. 3. [from defile.] To foul or defile ; [obs.]
FlLE'-€UT-TER, n. A maker of files. Moxon.
See Synoprj A, £ I, O, V, Y, long.—F-AK, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsoleit
FIL
'3S9
FlxN
FILED, pp. Placed on a line or wire ; placed in a bundle
and indorsed ; smoothed with a file.
FiLE-LeAD'ER, n. The soldier placed in the front of a
file.
FIL'E-MOT, n. [Fr. feuUle-mortc.] A yellowish-brown
color ; the color of a faded leaf. Swift.
FiL'ER, n. One who Uses a file.
FIL'IAL, (fil'yal) a. [Fr. filial.] 1. Pertaining to a son or
daughter ; becoming a child in relation to his parents. 2.
Bearing the relation of a son.
FIL-I-A'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The relation of a son or child
to a father ; correlative to paternity. 2. Adoption.
FIL'I-FORM, a. [L. filum.] Having the form of a thread or
filament.
FIL'I-GRANE, or FIL'I-GREE, n. [L.. filum and granum.]
A kind of enrichment on gold and silver, wrought deli-
cately in the manner of little threads or grains, or of both
intermixed.
FIL'I-GREED °' \ "" Ornamented with filigrane. Tatler.
FiL'ING, ppr. Placing on a string or wire, or in a bundle of
papers ; presenting for trial ; marching in a file ; smooth-
ing with a file.
FiL'INGS, n. pin. Fragments or particles rubbed oflT by
the act of filing.
FILL, V. t. [Sa.x. fyllan, gefillan.] 1. To put or pour in,
till the thing will hold no more. 2 To store ; to supply
with abundance. 3. To cause to abound ; to make uni-
vei-sally prevalent. 4. To satisfy ; to content. 5. To
glut ; to surfeit. 6. To make plump. 7. To press and
dilate on all sides or to the extremities. 8. To supply
with liquor ; to pour into. 9. To supply with an incum-
bent. 10. To hold ; to possess and perform the duties of;
to officiate in, as an incumbent. — 11. In seamanship, to
brace the sails so that the wind will bear upon them and
dilate them.
To fill out, to extend or enlarge to the desired limit. — To fill
up. 1. To make full. 2. to occupy ; to fill. 3. To fill ;
to occupy the whole extent. 4. To engage or employ.
5. To complete. 6. To accomplish.
FILL, V. i. 1. To fill a cup or glass for drinking ; to give to
drink. 2. To grow or become full. 3. To glut ; to sati-
ate. — To fill up, to grow or become full.
FILL, 71. Fullness ; as much as supplies want.
FIL'LA-GREE. See Filigrane.
FILLED, pp. Made full ; supplied with abundance.
FILL'ER, n, 1. One who fills ; one whose employment is
to fill vessels. 2. That which fills any space. 3. One
that supplies abundantly.
FIL'LET, 71. {Ft. filet.] 1. A little band to tie about the
hair of the head. 2. The fleshy part of the thigh. 3.
Meat rolled together and tied round. — 4. In architecture,
a little square member or ornament used in divers places.
— 5. In heraldry, a kind of orle or bordure, containing
only the third or fourth part of the breadth of the common
bordure. — 6. Among painters and gilders, a little rule or
reglet of leaf-gold. — 7. In the manege, the loins of ahorse.
FIL'LET, V. t. 1. To bind with a fillet or little band. 2. To
adorn with an astragal.
FIL'LI-BEG, 71. [Gael, filleadh-heg.] A little plaid ; a dress
reaching only to the knees, worn in the highlands of
Scotland.
FILL'ING, ppr. Making full ; supplying abundantly ; grow-
ing full.
FILL'ING, n. 1. A making ftiU ; supply. 2. The woof in
weaving.
FIL'LIP, V. t. To strike with the nail of the finger, forced
with some violence.
FIL'LIP, n. A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the
thumb.
FIL'LY, 71. [W.filawg.] 1. A female or mare colt; a
young mare. 2. A young horse ; [not used.] 3. A wan-
ton girl.
FILM, 71. [Sax. film.] A thin skin ; a pellicle, as on the
eye.
FILM, V. t. To cover with a thin skin or pellicle.
FILM'Y, a. Composed of thin membranes or pellicles.
FIL'TER, 71. [Fr. filtre.] A strainer ; a piece of woolen
cloth, paper or other substance, through which liquors are
passed for defecation.
FIL'TER, V. t. To purify or defecate liquor, by passing it
through a filter, or a porous substance.
FIL'TER, V. i. To percolate ; to pass through a filter.
FIL'TER. See Philter.
FIL'TERED, pp. Strained ; defecated by a filter.
FIL'TER-ING, ppr. Straining ; defecating.
FILTH, 71. [Sax. fylth.] 1. Dirt ; any foul matter ; any
thing that soils or defiles ; waste matter ; nastiness. 2.
Corruption ; pollution ; any thing that sullies or defiles
the moral character.
FILTH'I-LY, adv. In a filthy manner ; foully ; grossly.
FILTH'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being filthy. 2. Foul-
ness ; dirtiness ; filth ; nastiness. 3. Corruption ; pollu-
tion ; defilement by sin ; impurity.
FILTH'Y, a. ]. Dirty ; foul ; unclean ; nasty. 2. PoIIut
ed ; defiled by sinful practices ; morally impure. 3. Ob-
tained by base and dishonest means.
FIL'TRATE, v. t. [Sp. filtrar.] To filter ; to defecate, as
liquor, by straining or percolation.
FIL-TRa'TION, n. The act or process of filtering.
FIM'BLE-HEMP, n. [female-hemp.] Light, summer hemp,
that beare no seed. Mortimer.
FIM'BRI-ATE, a. [Tu. fimbria.] In botany, fringed ; having
the edge surrounded by hairs or bristles.
FIM'BRI-ATE, v. t. To hem ; to fringe. Fuller.
FIM'BRI-A-TED, a. In heraldry, ornamented, as an ordi-
nary, with a narrow border of another tincture.
FIN, 71. [Sax. finn.] The fin of a fish consists of a mem-
brane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous os-
sicles.
FIN, v.t. To carve or cut up a chub.
FiN'A-BLE, a. 1. That admits a fine. 2. Subject to a fine
or penalty.
Fl'NAL, a. [Fr., S^p. final ; L. finalis.] 1. Pertaining to the
end or conclusion ; last ; ultimate. 2. Conclusive ; deci
sive ; ultimate ; as, a final judgment. 3, Respecting the
end or object to be gained ; respecting the purpose or ulti-
mate end in view, as a. final cause.
Fl'NAL-LY, adv. 1. At the end or conclusion ; ultimately ;
lastly. 2. Completely ; beyond recovery.
FI-NANCE', (fi-nans') n. [Ft.] Revenue ; income of a king
or state.
FI-NAN'CES, n. plu. Revenue ; funds in the public treas-
ury, or accruing to it ; public resources of money. 2. The
income or resources of individuals.
FI-NAN'CIAL, a. Pertaining to public revenue.
FI-NAN'CIAL-LY, adv. In relation to finances.
FIN-AN-CIeR', (fin-an-seer') n. ] . An officer who receives
and manages the public revenues ; a treasurer. 2. One
who is skilled in the principles or system of public rev-
enue. 3. One who is intrusted with the collection and
management of the revenues of a corporatioji. 4. One
skilled in banking operations.
Fi'NA-RY, n. In iroji works, the second forge at the iron
mill. See Finery.
FINCH, n. [Sax. fine; G.fink.] A bird.
Find, v. t. ; pret. and pp. found. [Sax. findan ; G.finden.]
1. To discover by the eye ; to gain first sight or knowlecjge
of something lost ; to recover. 2. To meet ; to discover
something not before seen or known. 3. To obtain by
seeking. 4. To meet with. 5. To discover or know by
experience. 6. To reach ; to attain to; to arrive at. 7.
To discover by study, experiment or trial. 8. To gain ;
to have. 9. To perceive ; to observe ; to learn. 10. To
catch ; to detect. 11. To meet. 12. To have ; to expe-
rience ; to enjoy. 13. To select ; to choose ; to designate.
14. To discover and declare the tnith of disputed facts ; to
come to a conclusion, and decide between parties, as a
jury. 15. To determine and declare by verdict. 16. To
establish or pronounce charges alledged to be true. 17.
To supply ; to furnish. 18. To discover or gain knowl-
edge of, by touching or by sounding.
To find one's self, to be ; to fare in regard to ease or pain,
health or sickness.— To ^7i(^ in, to supply ; to furnish ; to
provide.— To find out. 1. To invent ; to discover some-
thing before unknown. 2. To unriddle ; to solve. 3. T^o
discover ; to obtain knowledge of what is hidden. 4. To
understand ; to comprehend. 5. To detect ; to discover ;
to bring to light.— To find fault with, to blame ; to cen-
sure.
FiND'ER, n. One who meets or falls on any thing ; one
who discovers by searching, or by accident.
FiND'FAULT, n. A censurer ; a caviler. Shak.
FiND-FAULT'ING, a. Apt to censure ; captious.
FiND'ING, ppr. Discovering.
FiND'ING, 71. 1. Discovery ; the act of discovering.— 2. In
law, the return of a jury to a bill ; a verdict.
f FIN'DY, a. [Sax. findig.] Full ; heavy ; or firm, solid,
substantial.
FINE, a. [Fr.^7i.] 1. Small ; thin; slender; minute ; of
very small diameter. 2. Subtil ; thin ; tenuous. 3. Thin ;
keen ; smoothly sharp. 4. Made of fine threads ; net
coarse. 5. Clear ; pure ; free from feculence or foreign
matter. 6. Refined. 7. Nice ; delicate ; perceiving or
discerning minute beauties or deformities. 8. Subtil ;
artful ; dextrous. 9. Subtil ; sly ; fraudulent. 10. Ele-
gant ; beautiful in thought. 11. Very handsome ; beauti-
ful with dignity. 12. Accomplished ; elegant in manners.
13. Accomplished in learning ; excellent. 14. Excellent ;
superior ; brilliant or acute. 15. Amiable ; noble ; ingen-
uous ; excellent. 16. Showy ; splendid ; elegant. 17. Iron-
ically, worthy of contemptuous notice ; eminent for bad
qualities.— M/ie arts, or polite arts, are the arts which de-
pend chiefly on the labors of the mind or imagination, and
whose object is pleasure, as poetry, music, painting and
sc^Llj)t\Lre.
FINE, n. 1. In a feudal sense, a final agreement between
persons concerning lands or rents. 2. A sum of money
See Synopns MOVE BQQK D6VE )— BULL, UNITF. -€ as K ; G as J • S aa Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
FIN
340
FIR
paid to the lord by his tenant, for permission to alienate
or transfer his lands to another. 3. A sum of money paid
by way of penalty for an offense ; a mulct ; a pecuni-
ary punishment. — In fine. [Fr. enfin ; L. in and finis.']
In the end or conclusion ; to conclude ; to sum up
all.
FINE, v.t. 1. To clarify ; to refine ; to purify ; to defecate ;
to free from feculence or foreign matter. 2. To purify, as
a metal. 3. To make less coarse ; {obs.'] 4. To decorate ;
to adorn ; [obs.'] Skak.
FINE, v.t. 1. To impose on one a pecuniary penalty ; to
set a fine on by judgment of a court ; to punish by fine.
2. V. i. To pay a fine ; [obs.]
FiNE'DRAW, V. t. To sew up a rent with so much nicety
that it is not perceived.
FlNE'DRAW-ER, n. One who finedraws.
FiNE'DRAW-ING, n. Rentering ; a dextrous or nice sew-
ing up the rents of cloths or stuffs.
FiNE'FIN-GERED, a. Nice in workmanship.
riNE'SPO-KEN, a. Using fine phrases.
FINE'SPUN, a. Drawn to a tine thread 5 minute ; subtle.
FlNE'STILL, V. t. To distill spirit from molasses, treacle
or some preparation of saccharine matter.
FiNE'STILL-ER, n. One who distills spirit from treacle or
molasses. Enciic
FiNE'STILL-ING, n. The operation of distilling spirit from
molasses or treacle.
FINED, -pp. 1. Refined ; purified ; defecated. 2. Subjected
to a pecuniary penalty.
t FiNE'LESS, a. Endless ; boundless. Shak.
FINE'LY, adtj. 1, In minute parts. 2. To a thin or sharp edge.
3. Gayly 5 handsomely ; beautifully ; with elegance and
taste. 4. With elegance or beauty. 5. With advantage ;
very favorably. 6. Nicely ; delicately. 7. Purely ; com-
pletely.— 8. By way of irony, wretchedly ; in a manner
deserving of contemptuous notice.
FiNE'NESS, n. [Fr. finesse.] 1. Consisting of fine threads.
2. Smallness ; minuteness, as of sand or particles. 3. Clear-
ness ; purity ; freedom from foreign matter. 4. Niceness ;
delicacy. 5. Keenness ; sharpness ; thinness. 6. Ele-
gance ; beauty. 7. Capacity for delicate or refined con-
ceptions. 8. Show ; splendor ; gayety of appearance ; el-
egance. 9. Clearness. 10. Subtilty ; artfulness 5 ingenu-
ity. 11. Smoothness.
FiN'ER, n. 1. One who refines or purifies. 2. a. Compara-
tive of fine.
FIN'ER-Y, n. 1. Show ; splendor; gayety "of colors or ap-
pearance. 2. Showy articles of dress ; gay clothes, jew-
els, trinkets, &c. — 3. In iron-icorks, the second forge at
the iron-mills. See Finary.
FI-NESS', ) n. [Fr. finesse.] Artifice ; stratagem ; subtil-
FI-NESSE', ] ty of contrivance to gain a point.
FI-NESS', V. i. To use artifice or stratagem.
F[-NESS'ING,ppr. Practicing artifice to accomplish a pur-
pose.
FIN'-FISH, n. A species of slender whale.
FIN'FOOT-ED, a. Having palmated feet, or feet with toes
connected by a membrane.
FIN'GER, (fing'ger) n. [Sax. finger.] 1. One of the ex-
treme parts of the hand, a small member shooting to a
point. 2. A certain measure. 3. The hand. — 4. In mu-
sic, ability ; skill in playing on a keyed instrument.
FIN'GER, V. t. 1. To handle with the fingers ; to touch
lightly ; to toy. 2. To touch or take thievishly ; to pilfer.
3. To touch an instrument of music ; to play on an instru-
ment. 4. To perform work with the fingers ; to execute
delicate work. 5. To handle without violence.
FIN'GER, V. i. To dispose the fingers aptly in playing on
an instrument.
FIN'GER-BoARD, n. The board at the neck of a violin,
guitar or the like, where the fingers act on the strings.
FIN'GERED, pp. 1. Played on ; handled ; touched. 2. a.
Having fingers. — In botany, digitate ; having leaflets like
fingers.
FIN'GER-FERN, n. A plant, asplenium. Johnson.
FIN'GER-ING, ppr. Handling ; touching lightly. '
FIN'GER-ING, n. 1. The act of touching lightly or han-
dling. 2. The manner of touching an instrument of mu-
sic. 3. Delicate work made with the fingers.
FIN'GER-SHELL, n. A marine shell resembling a finger.
FIN'GER-STONE, n. A fossil resembling an arrow.
FIN'GLE-FAN'GLE, 71. A trifle. [ rulgar.]
FIN'GRI-GO, n. A plant, of the genus /isonia.
FIN'I-CAL, a. 1. Nice; spruce; foppish; pretending to
superfluous elegance. 2. Affectedly nice or showy.
FIN'I-€AL-LY, adv. With great nicety or spruceness ; fop-
pishly.
FIN'I-€AL-NESS, n. Extreme nicety in dress or manners ;
foppishness. JVarburton.
FlN'lNG, ppr, 1. Clarifying; refining; purifying; defecat-
ing. 2. [See Fine, the noun.] Imposing a fine.
FlN'^ING-POT, 7j. A vessel in which metals are refined.
Fl'NlS, n. [L.J An end ; conclusion.
FINISH, t>. t. [Arm. finigza; Fr. finir.] 1. To arrive at
the end of, in performance ; to complete. 2. To mak^
perfect. 3. To bring to an end ; to end ; to put an ena
to. 4. To perfect; to accomplish ; to polish to the degree
of excellence intended.
FIN'ISHED, pp. 1. Completed ; ended ; done ; perfected.
2. a. Complete ; perfect ; polished to the highest degree
of excellence.
FIN'ISH-ER, n. 1. One who finishes ; one who complete-
ly performs. 2. One who puts an end to. 3. One who
completes or perfects.
FIN'ISH-ING, pjjr. Completing ; perfecting; bringing to an
end.
FIN'ISH-ING, or FIN'ISH, n. Completion ; completeness -
perfection ; last polish. fVarburton.
Fl'NiTE, a. [h.finitus.] Having a limit ; limited; bound
_ed| opposed to in^7M'te.
Fl'NiTE-LY, adv. Within limits ; to a certain degree only.
Stillijigfieet,
Fl'NiTE-NESS, ?i. Limitation ; confinement within cer-
tain boundaries.
t FIN'I-TUDE, ??. Limitation. Cheyne.
FIN'KLE, n. [Teiit. fenckle.] Fennel. Craven dialect
FIN'LESS, a. Destitute of fins. Shak.
FIN'LiKE, a. Resembling a fin. Dryden.
FINN, n. A native of Finland, in Europe.
FINNED, a. Having broad edges on either side.
FIN'NI.KIN, 71. A sort of pigeon.
FIN'NYj a. Furnished with fins ; as, finny fish.
FIN'-ToED, a. Palmiped ; palmated ; having toes connect-
ed by a membrane.
FI-NO'CHI-O, n. [It.finocchio.] A variety of fennel.
FIN'SCALE, n. A river fish, called the rudd.
fFIP'PLE, n. [Ij. fibula.] A stopper. Bacon.
FiR, 7?. [W.pyr.] The name of several species of the ge-
nus pinus.
FIR'- TREE. See Fir.
FIRE, n. [Sax.fyr.] 1. Heat and light emanating visibly,
perceptibly and simultaneously from any body ; caloric.
— In the popular acceptation of the 7cord, fire is the effect
of combustion. 2. The burning of fuel on a hearth, or in
any other place. 3. The burning of a house or town; a
conflagration. 4. Light ; lustre ; splendor. 5. Torture
by burning. 6. The instrument of punishment ; or the
punishment of the impenitent in another state. 7. That
which inflames or irritates the passions. 8. Ardor of tem-
per ; violence of passion. 9. Liveliness of imagination;
vigor of fancy ; intellectual activity ; animation ; force of
sentiment or expression. 10. The passion of love ; ar-
dent affection. 11. Ardor; heat; love. 12. Combus-
tion ; tumult ; rage ; contention. 13. Trouble ; atflic-
tion. — To set on fire, to kindle ; to inflame ; to excite vio-
lent action. — St. Anthony'' s fire, a disease marked by an
eruption on the skin, or a diffused inflammation, with fe-
ver ; the erysipelas. — Wild fire, an artificial or factitious
fire, which burns even under water. It is called, also,
Greek fire.
FIRE, V. t. 1. To set on fire ; to kindle. 2, To inflame ;
to irritate the passions. 3. To animate ; to give life or
spirit. 4. To drive by fire ; [little used.] 5. To cause to
explode ; to discharge. 6. To cauterize.
FIRE, V. i. 1. To take fire ; to be kindled. 2. To be irri-
tated or inflamed with passion. 3. To discharge artillery
or firearms.
FiRE'ARMS, n. plu. Arms or weapons which expel their
charge by the combustion of powder.
FiRE'-AR-RoW, n. A small iron dart, furnished with a
match impregnated with powder and sulphur.
FiRE'BALL, n. 1. A grenade ; a ball filled with powder
or other combustibles. 2. A meteor which passes rapidly
through the air and displodes.
FiRE'BARE, n. In old writers, a beacon. Cyc.
FiRE'BAR-REL, n. A hollow cylinder used in fireships, to
convev the fire to the shrouds.
FiRE'BAV-IN, 71. A bundle of brush-wood, used in fire-
ships.
FiRE'BLaST, 71. A disease in hops.
FiRE'BOTE, 71. An allowance of fuel, to which a tenant is
_entitled. England.
FlRE'BRAND, n. 1. A piece of wood kindled or on fire.
2. An incendiary ; one who inflames factions, or causes
contention and mischief.
FiRE'BRICK, n. A brick that will sustain intense heat
without fusion.
FiRE'BRUSH, n. A brush used to sweep the hearth. .
FiRE'BU€K-ET, n. A bucket to convey water to engines
for extiriguishing fire.
FiRE'CLaY, 71. A kind of clay that will sustain intense
Jieat, used in making firebricks.
FlRE'€0€K, n. A cock or spout to let out water for extin-
guishing fire.
FlRE'-€6M'PA-NY, n. A company of men for managing
an engine to extinguish fires.
FiRE'CROSS, 71. Something used in Scotland as a signal to
take arms.
See
E, T, o, U, ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
Fill
341
FIS
J<'iRED, jyp. Set on fire; inflamed; kindled; animated;
irritated.
FiRE'DAMP. See Damp.
FIRE'DRAKE, n, 1. A fiery serpent. 2. An ignis fat-
uus.
FIRE'-EN-GiNE, n. An engine for tlirowing water to ex-
tinguish fire and save buildings.
FIRE'-E-SeAPE, 71. A machine for escaping from win-
dows, when houses are on fire.
FiRE'FLAIRjM. A species of ray-fish or raja.
FIRE'FLY, n. A species of fly which has on its belly a spot
which shines ; and another species which emits light
from under its wings, as it flies.
FIRE'HOOK, n. A large hook for pulling down buildings
in conflagrations.
FlRE'LOGK, n. A musket, or other gun, with a lock.
FIRE'MAN, 71. 1. A man whose business is to extinguish
fires. 2. A man of violent passions ; [not used.]
FiRE'MAS-TER, n. An ofiicer of artillery who superintends
the composition of fireworks.
FIRE'NEW, a. Fresh from the forge ; bright.
FlRE'-OF-FlCE, n. An office for making insurance against
fire.
FIRE'-OR-DE-AL. See Ordeal.
FTRE'PAN, 71. A pan for holding or conveying fire,
FIRE'PLACE, n. The part of a chimney appropriated to
the fire ; a hearth.
FiRE'PLUG, 71. A plug for drawing water from a pipe to
extinguish fire.
FIRE'POT, n. A small earthen pot filled with combusti-
bles, used in military operations.
Flli'ER, n. One who sets fire tb any thing ; an incendi-
ary.
FiRE'SHIP, 11. A vessel filled with combustibles, and fur-
nished with grappling irons.
FlRE'SH6V-EL, n. A shovel or instrument for taking up
or removing coals of fire.
FTRE'SIDE, n. A place near the fire or hearth ; home ; do-
mestic life or retirement.
FlRE'STI€K, n. A lighted stick or brand. Dighij.
FIRE'STONE, ti 1. A fossil, the pyrites. See Pyrites. 2.
A kind of freestone which bears a high degree of heat.
FIRE'WARD, I 71. An ofiicer who has authority to di-
FlRE'WARD-EN, 5 rect others in the extinguishing of
fires.
FTRE'WOOD, 71. Wood for fuel,
FiRE'w6rK, 71. Usually in the plural, fireworks. Prepa-
rations of gun-powder, sulphur and other inflammable
materials, used for making explosions in the air. On occa-
sions of public rejoicing ; pyrotechnical exhibitions.
FiRE'W6RK-ER, 71. An officer of artillery subordinate to
the firemaster.
FIR'IJSTG, ppr. Setting fire to ; kindling ; animating ; excit-
ing ; inflaming ; discharging firearms.
FTR'ING, n. 1. The act of discharging firearms. 2. Fuel ;
firewood or coal. Mortimer.
FiR'ING-I-RON, 71. An instrument used in farriery to dis-
cuss swellings and knots. Encyc.
t FiRK, V. t. To beat ; to whip ; to chastise. Hudibras.
FiRK, 7?< A stroke ; written also/erfc ; but rarely used.
FiR'KIN, 7*. A measure of capacity, being the fourth part
of a barrel.
FiR'LOT, n. A dry measure used in Scotland.
FIRM, a. [L. firmus ; Fr./erme.] J. Closely compressed ;
compact ; hard ; solid. 2. Fixed ; steady ; constant ;
stable ; unshaken ; not easily moved. 3. Solid ; not giv-
ing way.
FiRM, 71, A partnership or house ; or the name or title un-
der which a company transact business.
FiRM, V. t. [L. firmo.] To fix ; to settle ; to confirm ; to
establish. Dryden.
FiRM'A-MENT, n. [L. firmamentum.] The region of the
air ; the sky or heavens. — In Scripture, the word denotes
an expanse, a wide extent.
FIR-MA-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to the firmament ; ce-
lestial; being of the upper regions,
FiR'MAN, n. An Asiatic word, denoting a passport, per-
mit, license, or grant of privileges,
FIRMED, pp. Established ; confirmed,
FiRM'ING, ppr. Settling ; making firm and stable.
jFlRM'I-TUDE, 7i. Strength; solidity. Bp. Hall.
f-FiRMI-TY, 11. Strength; firmness.
JFiRM'LESS, a. Detached from substance,
FiRM'LY, adv. 1. Solidly ; compactly ; closely. 2. Stead-
ily ; with constancy or fixedness ; immovably ; srtead-
fastlv
FiRM'NESc, 71. 1. Closeness or denseness of texture or
structure ; compactness ; hardness ; solidity. 2. Stabili-
ty • strength, 3, Steadfastness ; constancy ; fixedness, 4,
Certainty ; soundness,
FIRST, a. \Sax.fi.rst, or fyrst.] 1. Advanced before or fur-
ther than any other in progression; foremost in place.
2. Preceding all others in the order of time. 3, Preced-
ing all others in numbers or a progressive series ; the or-
dinal of one. 4. Preceding all others m rank, dignity pj
excellence.
FIRST, adv. 1. Before any thing else in the order of time.
2. Before all others in place or progression. 3. Before any
twing else in order of proceeding or consideration, 4. Be-
fore all others in rank, — At first, at the first, at the begin-
ning or origin. — First or last, at one time or another ; at
the beginning or end.
FiRST-BE-GOT', ) a. First produced ; the eldest of
FiRST-BE-GOT'TEN, i children. Milton.
FiRST'-BORN, a. 1. First brought forth; first in the order
of nativity ; eldest, 2. Most excellent ; most distinguish-
ed or exalted.
FiRST'-BORN, n. The eldest child ; the first in the order
of birth.
FiRST-€RE-A'TED, a. Created before any other,
FiRST'-FRuIT, J n. 1. The fruit or produce first matured
FiRST'-FRuITS, \ and collected in any season, 2. The
first profits of any thing. 3, The first or earliest effect of
any thing, in a good or bad sense.
FiRST'LING, a. First produced.
FiRST'LING, 71. 1. The first produce or offspring ; applied
to beasts. 2. The thing first thought or done ; [not used.]
FiRST'LY, adv. Improperly used instead o{fi.rst.
FiRST'-RATE, a. 1. Of the highest excellence ; preemi-
nent. 2. Being of the largest size.
FIS€, 71, [L. fiscus ; Fr.^sc] The treasury of a prince or
state,
FISCAL, a. Pertaining to the public treasury.
FISCAL, 71. 1. Revenue ; the income of a prince or state.
2, A treasurer.
FISH, 71, [Sax, ^sc] 1, An animal that lives in water. 2.
The flesh offish, used as food, 3. A counter,
FISH, V. i. I, To attempt to catch fish ; to be employed in
taking lish, by any means, as by angling or drawing nets,
2. To attempt or seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly
to seek to draw forth,
FISH, V. t. 1. To search by raking or sweeping, — 2. In sea-
manship, to strengthen, as a mast or yard, with a piece of
timber, 3, To catch ; to draw out or up.
FISH, n. 1. In ships, a machine to hoist and draw up the
flukes of an anchor, towards the top of the bow. 2. A
long piece of timber, used to strengthen a lower mast or a
yai-d, when sprung or damaged.
FISH'ER, 71. ] . One who is employed in catching fish, 2,
A species of weasel,
FISH'ER-BoAT, n. A boat employed in catching fish,
FISH'ER -MAN, n. 1. One whose occupation is to catch
fish, 2. A ship or vessel employed in the business of tak ■
mg fish,
FISH'ER-TOWN, n. A town inhabited by fishermen,
FISH'ER-Y, n. 1. The business of catching fish, 2, A
place for catching fish,
FISH'FUL, a. Abounding with fish, Carew.
FISH'GiG, or FIZ'GIG, 77, An instrument used for striking
FISH'HOOK, 71, A hook for catching fish.
FISH'I-FI', V. t. To turn to fish, j2 cant word. Shak.
FISH'ING, ppr. Attempting to catch fish ; searching ; seek-
ing to draw forth by artifice, or indirectly ; adding a piece
of timber to a mast or spar to strengthen it,
FISH'ING, 71, 1. The art or practice of catching fish. 2. A
fishery, Spenser.
FISH'ING-FROG, 7i, The toad-fish, or lophius, whose head
is larger than the body, Encyc.
FISH'ING-PLACE, n. A place where fishes are caught
with seines ; a fishery.
FISH'KET-TLE, n. A kettle for boiling fish whole.
FISH'LiKE, a. Resembling fish. Shak.
FISH'MAR-KET, 11. A place where fish are exposed for
sale,
FISH'MeAL, 7!, A meal of fish ; diet on fish ; abstemious
diet,
FISH'M6N-GES, n. A seller offish,
FISH'POND, 71, A pond in whicii fishes are bred,
FISH'ROOM, n. An apartment in a ship between the af-
ter-hold_and the spirit room,
FISH'SPeAR, 7i, A spear for taking fish by stabbing them.
FISH'WiFE, 7), A woman tliat cries fish for sale,
FISH'WOM-AN, n. A woman who sells fish,
FISH'Y, 'a. 1. Consisting of fish, 2, Inhabited by fish.
3, Having the qualities offish ; like fish,
fFISK, »;. t. [Su.fiesca.] To run about. Cotgrave.
FIS'SILE, ffl. [Ij.fissilis.] That may be split, cleft or divid-
ed in the direction of the grain, or of natural joints.
FIS-SIL'I-TY, 11. The quality of admitting to be cleft.
FIS'SI-PED, a. [h.fissus.] Having separate toes.
FIS'SI-PED, n. An animal whose toes are separate, or not
connected by a membrane.
FIS'SURE, (fish'ure) n. [Fr,,from H,. fissura, from findo, to
split,] L A cleft ; a narrow chasm made by the parting
of any su1)stance ; a longitudinal opening, — 2. In surgery,
a crack or slit in a bone, either transversely or longitudi-
nally, by means of external force. — 3. In anatomy, a
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € 93 K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, t (ly^^tiete
FIX
342
FLA
deep, narrow sulcus, or depression, dividing the anterior
and middle lobes of the cerebrum on each side.
FIS'SURE, (fish'ure) v. t. To cleave ; to divide ; to crack
or fracture.
FIS'SURED, pp. Cleft; divided; cracked. '
FIST, n. [Sax. fyst.] The hand clinched ; the hand virith
the fingers doubled into the palm.
FIST, V. t. 1. To strike with the fist. Dryden. 2. To gripe
with the fist. Shak.
FIST'I-€UFFS, 71. Blows or a combat with the fist ; a box-
ing. Swift.
FIS'TI'NUT, 71. A pistachio nut.
FTS'TU-LA, 71. [L.] 1. A pipe ; a wind instrument of mu-
i?ic, originally a reed. — 2. In surgery, a deep, narrow and
callous ulcer, generally arising from abscesses.^i^'istoZa
lachrymalis, a fistula of the lachrymal sac, a disorder ac-
companied with a flowing of tears.
FIS'TU-LAR, a. Hollow, like a pipe or reed.
FIS'TU-LATE, v. i. To become a pipe or fistula.
FIS'TU-LATE, v. t. To make hollow like a pipe.
FIS'TU-LI-FORM, a. Being in round hollow columns, as
a mineral. Phillips.
FIS'TU-LOUS, a. Having the nature of a fistula. Wise-
man.
FIT, 71. [qu. W. Jith.] 1. The invasion, exacerbation or
paroxysm of a disease. 2. A sudden and violent attack
of disorder, in which the body is often convulsed, and
sometimes senseless. 3. Any short return after intermis-
sion ; a turn; a period or interval. 4. A temporary af-
fection or attack. 5. Disorder ; distemperature. 6. [Sax.
fitt, a song.] Anciently, a song, or part of a song ; a strain;
a canto.
FIT, a. [Flemish, vitten,'] 1. Suitable ; convenient ; meet ;
becoming. 2. Q.ualified.
FIT. V. t. 1. To adapt ; to suit ; to make suitable. 2. To
accommodate a person with any thing. 3. To prepare ;
to put in order for ; to furnish with things proper or ne-
cessary. 4. To qualify; to prepare. — To fit out, to fur-
nish ; to equip ; to supply with necessaries or means. —
To fit up, to prepare ; to furnish with things suitable ; to
make proper for the reception or use of any person.
FIT, V. i. 1. To be proper or becoming. 2. To suit or be
suitable ; to be adapted.
FITCH, n. A chick-pea.
FITCH'ET, ) 71. [W. gwicyll or gvncyn.] A polecat ; a
FITCH'EW, \ foumart.
FIT'FU L, a. Varied by paroxysms ; full of fits.
FIT'LY, adv. 1. Suitably ; properly ; with propriety. 2.
Commodiously ; coveniently.
t FIT'MENT, 71. SoiTiething adapted to a purpose.
FIT'NESS, 71. 1. Suitableness; adaptedness; adaptation.
2. Propriety ; meetness ; justness ; reasonableness. 3.
Preparation ; qualification. 4. Convenience ; the state of
being fit.
t FIT'TA-BLE, a. Suitable. Sherwood.
FIT'TED, pp. Made suitable ; adapted ; prepared ; quali-
fied.
FITTER, 71. One who makes fit or suitable ; one who
adapts ; one who prepares.
FIT'TING, ppr. Making suitable ; adapting ; preparing ;
qualifying ; providing with.
FIT'TING-LY, adv. Suitably. More.
FITZ, Norm, fites, fiuz or fii, a son, is used in names, as
in Fitzherbert, Fitzroy, Carlovitz.
FIVE, a. [Sax.fif.] Four and one added ; the half of ten.
?5viSRED,|-«^^i«gfi-t,ars.
FiVE'CLEFT, a. Quinquefid ; divided into five seg-
jnents^
FiVE'FoLD, a. In fives ; consisting of five in one ; five-
doublej five times repeated.
FiVE'LeAF, 71. Cinquefbil. Drayton.
FiVE'LeAFED, a. Having five leaves.
FiVE'LoBED, a. Consisting of five lobes.
FiVE'PaRT-ED, a. Divided into five parts.
FIVES, 71. A kind of play with a ball.
Fives, or ViVES, 71. a disease of horses, resembling the
strangles.
FIVE TOOTHED, a. Having five teeth.
FIVE'VALVED, a. Having five valves. Botany.
FIX, v. t. [Fr. fixer.] 1. To make stable ; to set or estab-
lish immovably. 2. To set or place permanently ; to
establish. 3. To make fast; to fasten; lo attach firmly.
4. To set or place steadily ; to direct, as the eye, without
moving it; to fasten. 5. To set or direct steadily, with-
^ out wandering. 6. To set or make firm, so as to bear a
, high degree of heat without evaporating ; to deprive of
volatility. 7. To transfix ; to pierce ; [little used.] Sandijs.
8. To withhold from motion. — 9. In popular use, to put
in order; to prepare ; to adjust
FIX, v.i. 1. To rest , to settle or remain permanently ; to
cease from wandering. 2. To become firm, so as to resist
volatilization. 3. To cease to flow or be fluid ; to con-
geal; to become hard and malleable. Bacon.~To fix on,
to settle the opinion or resolution on any thing : to deter-
mine on.
FIX'A-BLE, a. That may be fixed, established, or rendered
firm.
FIX-A'TION, 71. I. The act of fixing. 2. Stability; firm-
ness ; steadiness ; a state of being established. 3. Resi-
dence in a certain place ; or a place of residence ; [little
used.] 4. That firm state of a body which resists evapo-
ration or volatilization by heat. 5. The act or process of
ceasing to be fluid and becoming firm ; state of being
fixed.
FIXED, pp. Settled ; established ; firm ; fast ; stable.—
Fixed air, called, generally, carbonic acid. — Fixed stars
are such stars as always retain the same apparent position
and distance with respect to each other.
FIX'ED-LY, adv. Firmly ; in a settled or established man-
ner; steadfastly.
FIXGED-NESS, n. I. A state of being fixed; stability;
firmness ; steadfastness. 2. The state of a body which
resists evaporation or volatilization by heat. 3. Firm co-
herence of parts; solidity.
tFIX-ID'I-TY, 71. Fixedness. Boyle.
FIX'I-TY, n. Fixedness; coherence of parts; that proper-
ty of bodies by which they resist dissipation by heat.
FIXT'URE, 7i. 1. Position. 2. Fixedness ; firm pressure.
3. Firmness ; stable state. 4. That which is fixed to a
building.
FIX'URE, n. Position ; stable pressure ; firmness.
FIZ'GIG, 71. 1. A fishgig, which see. 2. A gadding, flirt-
ing girl. 3. A fire-work, made of powder rolled up in a
paper.
FIZ'z'le i^*'^* To make a hissing sound.
FLAB'BI-NESS, n. A soft, flexible state of a substance,
which renders it easily movable and yielding to pressure
FLAB'BY, a. [W. llib.] Soft; yielding to the touch; easi-
ly bent ; hanging loose by its own weight.
tFLAB'EL, 71. [h.flabellmn.] A fan. Huloet.
fFLAB'lLE, a. [lu.flabilis.] Subject to be blown. Diet.
FLACCID, a. [L.flaccidus.] Soft and weak ; limber; laxj
drooping; hanging down by its own weight; yielding to
pressure.
FLA€'CID-NESS, } n. Laxity ; limbemess ; want of firm-
FLA€-CID'I-TY, \ ness or stiffness.
FLACK'ER, v. i. [Teut. fliggeren.] To flutter, as a bird
Grose.
FLAG, V. i. [W. llac&u ; L. flacceo.] 1. To hang loose
without stiffness ; to bend down as flexible bodies ; to be
loose and yielding. 2. To grow spiritless or dejected ; lo
droop; to grow languid. 3. To grow weak; to lose vig-
or. 4. To become dull or languid.
FLAG, V. t. To let fall into feebleness ; to suffer to drop.
FLAG, n. [W. llec ; Ir. Hag.] A flat stone, or a pavement
of flat stones.
FLAG, V. t. To lay with flat stones. Sandys.
FLAG, 71. [W. Uag.] An aquatic plaiU, with a bladed
leaf.
FLAG, n. [G. flagge.] An ensign or colors ; a cloth on
which are usually painted or wrought certain figures, and
borne on a staff. — To strike or loioer the flag, is to pull it
down upon the cap in token of respect or submission. — To
strike the flag, in an engagement, is tlie signal of surrender-
ing. — To hang out the white flag, is to ask quarter, or, in
some cases, to manifest a friendly design. The red flag is
a sign of defiance or battle. — To hang the flag half mast
high, is a. token or signal of mourning. — Flag-oflicer, an
admiral ; the commander of a squadron. — Flaff-ship, th(!
ship which bears the admiral, and in which his flag is
displayed. — Flag-staff, the staff that elevates the flag.
FLAG'BROOM, n. A broom for sweeping flags.
FLAG'STONE, n. A flat stone for pavement.
FLAG'WoRM, n. A worm or grub found among flags and
FLA6'E-LET, 71. [¥x. flageolet.] A little flute; a small
Wind instnnnent of music.
FLAG'EL-LANT, n. [L.flagellans.] One who whips him-
self in religious discipline. The Flagellants were a fanat-
ical sect which arose in Italy, A. D. 1260.
FLAG'EL-LATE, v. t. To whip ; to scourge.
FLAG-EL-La'TION, 71. [L. flagello.] A beating or whip-
ping; a flogging; the discipline of the scourge.
FLAGGED, pp. Laid with ^at stones.
FLAG'GI-NESS, n. Laxity; limberness; want of ten-
sion.
FLAG'GING, ppr. Growing weak ; drooping ; laying
with flat stones.
FLACGY, a. 1. Weak ; flexible ; limber ; not stiff. 2.
Weak in taste; insipid. 3. Abounding with flags, the
plant.
FLA-G: 'TIOUS, a. [L. flagitium.] I. Deeply criminal ;
grossly wicked ; villanous ; atrocious ; scandalous. 2.
Guilty of enormous crimes ; corrupt ; wicked. 3. Marked
or infected with scandalous crimes or vices.
FLA-6l"TIOUS-LY, adv. With extreme wickedness.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, Y, long.—FAU, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD — f Obsolete.
FLA
343
FLA
FLA-6I"TI0US-NESS, n. Extreme wickedness.
FLAG'ON, 71. [L. lagena.] A vessel with a narrow moutb,
used for holding and conveying liquors.
FLa 'GRANGE, n. Notoriousness j glaring offense. Bp.
Hall.
FLa'GRAN-CY, n. 1. A burning ; great heat ; inflamma-
tion ; [obs.] 2. Excess ; enormity.
FLa 'GRANT, a. [L.flagrans.] 1. Burning; ardent; ea-
ger. £ Glowing ; red ; flushed. 3. Red ; inflamed. 4.
Flaming in notice ; glaring ; notorious ; enormous.
FLa'GRANT-LY, adv. Ardently ; notoriously.
FLa'GRATE, v. t. To burn. [Little used.]
FLA-GRa'TION, 71. A burning. [Little used.]
FLaIL, n. [D. vlegel ; G. JiegeL] An instrument for
thrashing or beating corn from the ear.
FLAKE, n. [Sax.fiace; B. vlaak.] 1. A small collection
of snow, as it falls from the clouds or from the air. 2. A
platform of hurdles, or small sticks, on which codfish is
dried. Massachusetts. 3. A layer or stratum. 4. A col-
lection or little particle of fire, or of combustible matter on
fire, separated and flying off. 5. Any scaly matter in
layers; any mass cleaving off in scales. 6. A sort of
carnations, of two colors only, having large stripes going
through the leaves.
FLAKE, V. t. To form into flakes. Pope.
FLAKJE, V. i. To break or separate in layers ; to peel or
scale off.
FLaKE'- WHITE, n. Oxyd of bismuth. Ure.
FLaK'Y, a. ]. Consisting of flakes or locks. 2. Lying m
flakes ; consisting of layers, or cleaving off in layers.
FLAM, n. [Ice.Jlim; W. Ham.] A freak or whim; also,
a falsehood ; a lie ; an illusory pretext ; deception ; delu-
sion.
FLAM, V. t. To deceive with falsehood ; to delude.
FLAM'BEAU, (flam'bo) n. [Fr.] A light or luminary made
of thick wicks covered with wax.
FLAME, 71 [Fr. fiamme; 'L.jlamma.] 1. Ablaze; burn-
ing vapor ; vapor in combustion. 2. Fire in general. 3.
Heat of passion ; tumult ; combustion ; blaze ; violent
contention. 4. Ardor of temper or imagination ; bright-
ness of fancy ; vigor of thought. 5. Ardor of inclination ;
warmth of affection. 6. The passion of love ; ardent
love. 7. Rage ; violence.
FLAME, V. t. To inflame ; to excite. Spenser.
FLAME, V. i. I. To blaze ; to burn in vapor, or in a cur-
rent. 2. To shine like burning gas. 3. To break out in
violence of passion.
FLaME'€6L-0R, 71. Bright color, as that of flame.
FLaME'€oL-ORED, a. Of the color of flame ; of a bright
yellow color. Shak.
FLaME'EyED, a. Having eyes like a flame.
FLaME'LESS, a. Destitute of flame ; without incense.
FLa'MEN, n. [L.] 1. In ancient Rome, a priest. 2. A
priest.
FLaM'ING, ppr. 1. Burning in flame. 2. a. Bright ; red.
Ajso, violent ; vehement.
FLaM'ING, n. A bursting out in a flame.
FLaM'ING-LY, adx. Most brightly ; with great show or
vehemence.
FLA-MIN'GO, 71. [Sp.] A fowl constituting the genus pAcB-
nicopterus, of the grallic order.
FLA-MIN'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a Roman flamen.
FLAM-MA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting to be
set on fire, or enkindled into a flame or blaze ; inflamma-
bility.
FLAM'MA-BLE, a. Capable of being enkindled into
FLAM-Ma'TION, 71. The act of setting on flame.
FLAM'ME-OUS, a. Consisting of flame ; like flame.
FLAM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [la.flamma.] Producing flame.
FLAM-MI V'O-MOUS, a. [L.jlamma and vomo.] Vomiting
flames, as a volcano.
FLaM'Y, a. 1. Blazing ; burning. 2. Having the nature
of flame. 3. Having the color of flame.
t FLANG, old pret. of the verb fling. Mirror for Magis-
trates.
FLANK, 71. [Fr.flanc] 1. The fleshy or muscular part of
the side of an animal, between the ribs and the hip. 2.
The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of
a brigade, regiment or battalion.— 3. In fortification, that
part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the
FLANK, V. t. [Fr. flanquer.] 1. To attack the side or
flank of an army or body of troops. 2. To post so as to
overlook or command on the side. 3. To secure or guard
on the side.
FLANK, V. i. I. To border ; to touch. 2. To be posted on
the side.
FLANKED, pp. Attacked on the side ; covered or com-
manded on the flank.
FLANK'ER, n. A fortification projecting so as to command
the side of an assailing body.
FLANK'ER, v. t. 1. To defend by lateral fortifications.
2. To attack sideways. Evelyn.
FLAN'NEL, 71. [Fr.flanelle.] A soft, nappy, woolen cloth,
of loose texture.
FLAP, n. [G. lappen and klappe.] I. Any thing broad and
limber that hangs loose or is easily moved. 2. The mo-
tion of any thing broad and loose, or a stroke with it. 3.
The flaps, a disease in the lips of horses.
FLAP, V. t. 1. To beat with a flap. 2. To move something
broad. 3. To let fall, as the brim of a hat.
FLAP, V. i. 1. To move as wings, or as something broad
or loose. 2. To fall, as the brim of a hat or other broad
thing.
FLAP'DRAG-ON, n. 1. A play in which they catch raisins
out of burning brandy, and, extinguishing them by clos-
ing the mouth, eat them. 2. The thing eaten.
FLAP'DRAG-ON, v. t. To swallovir or devour.
FLAP'EARED, a. Having broad, loose ears. Shak.
FLAP'JACK, V. An apple-puff. Shak.
FLAP'MOUTHED, a. Having loose, hanging lips.
FLAPPED, pp. Struck with something broad ; let down ;
having the brim fallen.
FLAP'PER, n. One who flaps another. Chesterfield.
FLAP'PING, pp-. Striking; beating; moving something
broad. L' Estrange.
FLARE, v.i. ]. To waver; to flutter; to burn with an
unsteady light. 2. To flutter with splendid show ; to be
loose and waving as a showy thing. 3. To glitter with
transient lustre. 4. To glitter with painful splendor. 5.
To be exposed to too much light. 6. To open or spread
outward.
FLaR'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Burning with a wavering light ;
fluttering ; glittering ; showy. 2. Opening ; widening
outward ; as, a, flaring fireplace.
FLASH, 71. [Jr. lasair, lasrach.] 1. A sudden burst of
light ; a flood of light instantaneously appearing and dis-
appearing. 2. A sudden burst of flame and light ; an in-
stantaneous blaze. 3. A sudden burst, as of wit or mer-
riment. 4. A short, transient state. 5. A body of water
driven by violence ; [local.] Pegge. 6. A little pool ;
[local.]
FLASH, V. i. 1. To break forth, as a sudden flood of light ;
to burst or open instantly on the sight, as splendor. It
diffei-s from glitter, glisten and gleam, in denoting a flood
or wide extent of light. A diamond may glitter or glis-
ten, but it does not flash. 2. To bm-st or break forth with
a flood of flame and light. 3. To burst out into any kind
of violence. 4. To break out, as a sudden expression of
wit, merriment or bright thought.
FLASH, v.t. 1. To strike up a body of water from the
surface. 2. To strike or to throw like a burst of light.
FLASH'ER, n. 1. A man of more appearance of wit than
reality. Diet. 2. A rower ; [obs.]
FLASH'I-LY, adv. With empty show ; with a sudden
glare ; without solidity of wit or thought.
FLASH'ING, ppr. Bursting forth as a flood of light, or of
flame and light, or as wit, mirth or joy.
FLASH'Y, a. 1. Showy, but empty; dazzling for a ma
ment, but not solid. 2. Showy ; gay. 3. Insipid ; vapid ;
without taste or spirit. 4. Washy ; plashy ; see Plash.
FLASK, n. [G.flaschc.] 1. A kind of bottle. 2. A vessel
for powder. 3. A bed in a gun-carriage.
FLASK'ET, 71. 1. A vessel in which viands are served up.
Pope. 2. A long, shallow basket. Spenser.
FLAT, a. [D. plat.] 1. Having an even surface, without
risings or indentures, hills or valleys. 2. Horizontal ;
level ; without inclination. 3. Prostrate ; lying the whole
length on the ground. 4. Not elevated or erect ; fallen.
5. Level with the ground ; totally fallen. — 6. In painting,
wanting relief or prominence of the figures. 7. Taste-
less ; stale; vapid; insipid; dead. 8. Dull; uuanimat-
ed ; frigid ; without point or spii-it ; applied to discourses
and compositions. 9. Depressed ; spiritless ; dejected. 10.
Unpleasing; not affording gratification. IL Peremptory ;
absolute; positive; downright. 12. Not sharp or shrill;
not acute. 13. Low, as the prices of goods; or dull, as
sales.
FLAT, 71. 1. A level or extended plain. — In America, it is
applied particularly to low ground or meadow that is lev-
el, but it denotes any land of even surface and of some
extent. 2. A level ground lying at a small depth under
the surface of water ; a shoal ; a shallow ; a strand ; a
sand-bank under water. 3. The broad side of a blade.
4. Depression of thought or language. 5. A surface with-
out reliefer prominences. — 6. In music, a mark of depres-
sion in sound. 7. A boat, broad and flat-bottomed.
FLAT, V. t. [Fr. flatir.] 1. To level ; to depress ; to lay
smooth or even; to make broad and smooth; to flatten.
2. To make vapid or tasteless. 3. To make dull or unan-
imated.
FLAT, v.i. 1. Togrowflftt; to fall to an even surface
2. To become insipid, or dull and unanimated.
FLAT'-BOT-TOMED, a. Having a flat bottom, aa a boat,
or a moat in fortiflcation.
FLAT'iR-ON, 71. An instrument used in smoothing clothes.
tFLA'TIVE, a. [L. flatus.] Producing wind ; flatulent.
J Sjpiopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as ic this, f Cfbsolett
FLA
344
B^LE
FLAT'LONG, adv. With the flat side downward 5 not
edgewise. Shak.
FLAT'LY, adv. 1. Horizontally ; without inclmation. 2.
evenly ; without elevations and depressions. 3. Without
spirit J dully J frigidly. 4. Peremptorily j positively j
downright.
FLAT'NESS, 71. 1. Evenness of surface; levelness ; equal-
ity of surface. 2. Want of relief or prominence. 3. Dead-
ness ; vapidness ; insipidity. 4. Dejection of fortune ;
Jow state. 5. Dejection of mind; a low state of the spir-
its ; depression ; want of life. 6. Dullness ; want of
point ; insipidity ; frigidity. 7. Gravity of sound, as op-
posed to sharpness, acuteness or shrillness.
FLAT'NoSED, a. Having a flat nose. Burton.
FLAT'TED, pp. Made flat ; rendered even on the surface ;
also, rendered vapid or insipid.
FLAT'TEN, (flat'tn) v. t. [Ft.flatir.] 1. To make flat ; to
reduce to an equal or even surface ; to level. 2. To beat
down to the ground ; to lay flat. 3. To make vapid or in-
sipid ; to render stale. 4. To depress ; to deject, as the
spirits; to dispirit. — 5. In music, to reduce, as sound; to
render less acute or sharp.
FLAT'TEN, (flat'tn) v. i. 1. To grow or become even on
the surface. 2. To become dead, stale, vapid or tasteless.
3. To become dull or spiritless.
FLAT'TEN-ING, ppr. Making flat.
FLAT'TER, n. The person or thing by which any thing is
flattened.
FLAT'TER, v. t. [Fr. flatter.] 1. To soothe by praise ;
to gratify self-love by praise or obsequiousness ; to please
a person by applause or favorable notice. 2. To please ;
to gratify. 3. To praise falsely ; to encourage by favora-
ble notice. 4. To encourage by favorable representations
or indications. 5. To raise false hopes by representations
not well founded. 6. To please ; to soothe. 7. To whee-
dle ; to coax ; to attempt to win.
FLAT'TERED, pp. Soothed by praise ; pleased by com-
mendation ; gratified with hopes, false or well founded ;
wheedled.
FLAT'TER-ER, n. One who flatters ; a fawner ; a wheed-
ler ; one who praises another.
FLAT'TER-ING, ppr. Gratifying with praise ; pleasing by
applause; wheedling; coaxing. 2. a. Pleasing to pride
or vanity; gratifying to self love. 3. Pleasing; favora-
ble ; encouraging hope. 4. Practicing adulation ; uttering
FLAT'TER-ING -LY, adv. 1. In a flattering manner. 2.
In a manner to favor ; with partiality.
FLAT'TSR-Y, n. [Fr. flatterie.] 1. False praise ; com-
mendation bestowed to accomplish some purpose. 2. Ad-
ulation ; obsequiousness ; wheedling. 3. Just commend-
ation which gratifies self-love.
FLAT'TISH, a. Somewhat flat. Woodward.
FLAT'U-LENCE, ^n. 1. Windiness in the stomach; air
FLAT'U-LEN-CY, ) generated in a weak stomach and
intestines. 2. Airiness; emptiness; vanity.
FLAT'U-LENT, a. [L. flatulentus.] 1. Windy ; affect-
ed with air genemted in the stomach and intestines. 2.
Turgid with air ; windy. 3. Generating or apt to gener-
ate wind in the stomach. 4. Empty ; vain ; big ; without
substance or reality ; puffy.
t FLAT-U-OS'I-TY, n. Windiness ; flatulence.
t FLAT'U-OUS, a. [L. flatuosus.] Windy ; generating
wind. Bacon.
FLa'TUS, n. [L.] 1. A breath; a puff" of wind. 2. Wind
generated in the stomach ; flatulence.
FLAT'WISE, a. or adv. With the flat side downward or
next to another object ; not edgewise.
* FLAUNT, V. i. 1. To throw or spread out ; to flutter ; to
display ostentatiously. 2. To carry a pert or saucy ap-
pearance.
-* FLAUNT, n. Any thing displayed for show.
* PLAUNT'ING, ppr Making an ostentatious display.
FLa'VOR, 71. [qu. Fi.flairer.] The quality of a substance
which affects the taste or smell, in any manner ; taste,
ordor, fragrance, smell.
FLa'VOR, v. t. To communicate some quality to a thing,
that may affect the taste or smell.
FLa'VORED, a. Having a quality that affects the sense
of tasting or smelling.
FLa'VOR-LESS, a. Without flavor ; tasteless.
FLa'VOR-OUS, a. Pleasant to the taste or smell.
f-FLA'VOUS, a. [L.flavus.] Yellow. Smith.
FLAW, 71. [W. flaw.] 1. A breach ; a crack ; a defect
made by breaking or spUtting ; a gap or fissure. 2. A de-
fect ; a fault ; any defect made by violence or occasioned
by neglect. 3. A sudden burst of wind ; a sudden gust or
blast of short duration. 4. A sudden burst of noise and
disorder ; a tumult ; uproar. 5. A sudden commotion of
mind ; [not used.]
FLAW, V. t. 1. To break ; to crack. 2. To break ; to vio-
late.
FLAWED, pp. Broken; cracked.
FLAWING, 2«w. Breaking; cracking.
FLAWLESS, a. Without cracks ; without defect
t FLAWN, n. [Sax.flena.] A sort of custard or pie.
t FLAW'TER, V. t. To scrape or pare a skin.
FLAWY, a. 1. Full of flaws or cracks ; broken ; defective ,
faulty. 2. Subject to sudden gusts of wind.
FLAX, n. [Sa.x.fieax,flex.] I. A plant of the genus linum,
consisting of a single slender stalk, the skin or herl of
which is used for making thread and cloth, called linen,
cambric, lawn, lace, <Stc. 2. The skin or fibrous part of
the plant when broken and cleaned.
FLAX'€oMB, 71. An instrument with teeth, through which
flax is drawn for separating from it the tow or coarser
part and the shives. In .America, we call it a hatchel.
FLAX'DRESS-ER. n. One who breaks and swingles flaxs
FLAX'PLANT, 71. The phormium, a plant.
FLAX'RaIS-ER, 7?. One who raises flax.
FLAX'SEED, n. The seed of flax.
FLAX'EN, a. 1. Made of flax. 2. Resemblmg flax ; of the
color of flax ; fair, long, and flowing.
FLAX'-WEED, 71. A plant.
FLAX'Y, a. Like flax ; being of a light color ; fair.
FLAY, V. t. [Sax. flean.] 1. To skin ; to strip off the ekin of
an animal. 2. To take off the skin or surface of any
tiling ; [not used.]
FLaYED, pp. Skinned ; stripped of the skin.
FLaY'ER, 7i. One who strips off the skui.
FLaY'ING, 2W- Stripping off the skin.
FIjEA, 71. [Sax._^ea.] A troublesome insect.
FLeA'BANE, 71. A plant of the genus conyia.
FLeA'BiTE, I n. 1. The bite of a flea, or the red spot
FLeA'BI-TING, \ caused by the bite. 2. A trifling
wound or pain, like that of the bite of a flea.
FLeA'BIT-TEN, a. Bitten or stung by a flea. 2. Mean j
worthless ; of low birth or station.
FLeA'WoR-T, n. A plant.
FLeAK, 71. A lock. See Flake.
FLeAM, 71. [D. vlym ; W.flaim.] In surgery and farriery, a
sharp instrument used for opening veins for letting blood.
FLECK, }v.t.[G. fleck.] To spot ; to streak or stripe ;
FLE€K'ER, J to variegate ; to dapple.
FLECTION, n. [L. flectio.] The act of bending, or state of
being bent.
ELECTOR , 71. A flexor, which see.
FLED, pret. and pp. o? flee.
FLEDGE, (flej)a. [G. flugge.] Feathered; furnished with
feathers or v/ings ; able to fly.
FLEDGE, 7J. «. lo furnish with feathers; to supply with
the feathers necessary for flight.
FLEDGED, pp. Furnished with feathers for flight ; covered
with feathers,
FLEDG'ING, ppr. Furnishing with feathers for flight.
FLEE, w. i. [iiax. flean, fleon, fleogan.] 1. To run with ra-
pidity, as from danger ; to attempt to escape ; to hasten
from danger or expected evil. 2. To depart ; to leave ; to
hasten away. 3. To avoid ; to keep at a distance from.
FLEECE, (flees) n. [Sax. fleos, flys, flese.] The coat of
wool shorn from a sheep at one time.
FLEECE, V. t. 1. To shear off a covering or growth of
wool. 2. To strip of money or property ; to take from, by
severe exactions. 3. To spread over as with wool ; to
make white.
FLEECED, pp. Stripped by severe exactions.
FLEECED, a. Furnished with a fleece or with fleeces.
FLEE'CER, n. One who strips or takes by severe exactions.
FLEE'CING, ppr. Stripping of money or property by se-
vere demands of fees, taxes or contributions.
FLEE'CY, a. 1. Covered with wool; woolly. 2. Resem-
bling wool or a fleece ; soft ; complicated.
FLEETS,, V. i. [Scot, flyre, oifleyr.] 1. To deride ; to sneer ;
to mock ; to gibe ; to make a wry face in contempt, or to
grin in scorn. 2, To leer ; to grin with an air of civility.
FLEER, V. t. To mock ; to flout at. Beaumont.
FLEER, n. 1. Derision or mockery, expressed by words
or looks. Shak. 2. A grin of civility. South.
FLEER'ER, n. A mocker ; a fawner.
FLEER'ING, ppr. Deriding ; mocking ; counterfeiting an
air of civility.
FLEET, in English names, [Sax.fleot,] denotes a flood, a
creek or inlet, a bay or estuary, or a river ; as in Fleet-
street, Morth-flete, Fleet-prison.
FLEET, 71. [^ax.flota,fiiet.] A navy or squadron of ships ;
a number of ships in company.
FLEET, a. [Ice. fiiotr.] 1. Swift of pace ; moving or able
to move with rapidity ; nimble ; light and quick in mo-
tion, or moving with lightness and celerity. 2. Moving
with velocity. 3. Light ; superficially fruitful ; or thin ;
not penetrating deep, as soil. 4. Skimming the sur-
face.
FLEET, V. i. 1. To fly swiftly ; to hasten ; to flit as a
light substance. 2. To be in a transient state. 3. To
float.
FLEET, V. t. 1. To skim t\\e surface ; to pass over rapidly.
2. To pass lightly, or in mirth and joy ; [7iot used.] 3. To
skim milk ; [local, in England.]
*See Synopsis i, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete,
FLE
345
FLl
FLEET'FQOT, a. Swift of foot ; running or able to run
with rapidity. Shak.
FLEET'ING, ppr. 1. Passing rapidly j flying with velocity.
2. a. Transient ; not durable.
FLEET'ING-DISH, n. A skimming bowl. [Local.]
FLEET'LY, adv. Rapidly ; lightly and nimbly ; swiftly.
FLEET'NESS, n. Swiftness ; rapidity j velocity 5 celerity ;
FLEM'ING, n. A native of Flanders,
FLEM'ISH, a. Pertaining to Flanders.
FLESH, rt. [Sax. fi(BC,fiec, orflasc] 1. A compound sub-
stance forming a large part of an animal, consisting of the
softer solids, as distinguished from the bones and the flu-
ids. 2. Animal food, in distinction from vegetable. 3.
The body of beasts and fowls used as food, distinct from
Jish. 4. The body, as distinguished from the soul. 5. An-
imal nature ; animals of all kinds. 6. JMen in general :
mamkind. 7. Human nature. 8. Carnality; corporeal
appetites. 9. A carnal state ; a state of unrenewed na-
ture. 10. The corruptible body of man, or corrupt nature.
11. The present life ; the state of existence in this world.
12. Legal righteousness, and ceremonial services. 13.
Kindred , stock ; family. — 14. In botany, the soft pulpy
substance of fruit ; also, that part of a rqot, fruit, &,c.,
which is fit to be eaten. — One flesh, denotes intimate rela-
tion. .To be one fleshy is to be closely united, as in mar-
riage.
FLESH, V. t. 1. To initiate ; a »portsman's use of the word.
2. To harden ; to accustom ; to establish in any practice.
3. To glut ; to satiate.
FLESH'BROTH, n. Broth made by boiling flesh in water.
FLESH'BRUSH, n. A brush for exciting action in the skin
by friction.
FLESH'€6Lr-0R, w. The color of flesh ; carnation.
FLESH-€6L'ORED, a. Being of the color of flesh.
FLESH'Dl-ET, n. Food consisting of flesh.
FLESHED, pp 1. Initiated ; accustomed ; glutted. 2. Fat 3
fleshy.
FLESH'FLY, n. A fly that feeds on flesh, and deposits her
eggs in it. Ray
FLESH'HOOK, n A hook to draw flesh from a pot.
FLESH'I-N£sS, 71. Abundance of flesh or fat; plumpness;
corpulence ; grossness,
FLESH'ING, ppr. Initiating; making famiUar; glutting.
FLESH'LESS, a. Destitute of flesh ; lean.
FLESH'LI-NESS, n Carnal passions and appetites.
t FLESH 'LING, n. A mortal set wholly upon the carnal
state.
FLESH'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the flesh ; corporeal. 2.
Carnal ; worldly ; lascivious. 3. Animal ; not vegeta-
ble. 4. Human ; not celestial ; not spiritual or divine.
FLESH'MeAT, n. Animal food ; the flesh of animals pre-
pared or used for food. Swift.
FLESH'MENT, n. Eagerness gained by a successful initia-
tion. Shak.
FLESH'M6N-GER, n. One who deals in flesh ; a procurer ;
a pimp. [Little used.] Shak.
FLESH'POr, n. A vessel in which flesh is cooked ; hence,
plenty of provisions. Ex. xvi.
t FLESH'aUAKE, n. A trembling of the flesh.
FLESH'Y, a. 1. Full of flesh ; plump; musculous. 2. Fat;
gross ; corpulent. 3. Corporeal. 4. Full of pulp ; pul^
pous; plump as fruit.
FLET, pp. of fleet. Skimmed. Mortimer.
FLETCH, v. t. [Fr.fleche.] To feather an arrow.
FLETCH'EB, 71. [Fi\ fleche.] An arrow maker; a man-
ufacturer of bows and arrows. Hence the name of
Fletcher.
FLETZ, a. [G. fl'otz.] In geology, the fletz formations, so
called , consist of rocks which lie immediately over the tran-
sition rocks.
FLEUR DE LIS. See Flower de Lis.
FLEW, pret. of fly.
FLEW, n. The large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound.
FLEWED, a. Chapped; mouthed; deep-mouthed.
\ FLEX-AN'I-MOUS, a. Having power to change the mind.
FLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of admitting to be
bent ; pliancy ; flexibleness. 2. Easiness to be persuad-
ed ; the quality of yielding to arguments, persuasion or
circumstances ; ductility of mind ; readiness to comply ;
facility.
FLEX'1-BLE, a. [L,.flexibilis.] 1. That may be bent ; ca-
pable of being turned or forced from a straight line or form
without breaking ; pliant ; yielding to pressure; not stiff;
2. Capable of yielding to entreaties, arguments or other
moral force ; that may be persuaded to compliance ; not
invincibly rigid or obstinate ; not inexorable. 3. Duc-
tile ; manageable ; tractable. 4. That may be turned or
accommodated.
FLEX'I-BLE-NESS, 71. 1. Possibility to be bent or turned
from a straight line or form without breaking ; easiness
to be bent ; pliantness; pliancy ; flexibility. 2. Facility
of mi)id ; readiness to comply or yield ; obsequiousness.
3. Ductility ; manageableness ; tractableness.
FLEX'lLE, a. [L. flexilis.] Pliant ; pliable ; easily bent ;
yielding to power, impulse or moral force.
FLEX'ION, 71. [L. flexio.] 1. The act of bending. 2. A
bending ; a part bent ; a fold. 3. A turn ; a cast.
FLEX'OR, n. In anatomy, a muscle whose omce is to bend
the part to which it belongs.
FLEX'U-OUS, a, [h. flexuosus.] 1. Winding; having
turns or windings. 2. Bending ; winding ; wavering ;
not steady.— 3. In botany, bending or bent ; changing its
direction in a curve.
FLEX'URE, n. [L. fiexura.] 1. A winding or bending ;
the form of bending. 2. The act of bending. 3. The part
bent ; a joint. 4. The bending of the body ; obsequious or
servile cringe.
FLICK. See Fliich.
FLICK'ER, V. i. [Sax. fliccerian.] 1. To flutter ; to flap the
wings without flying ; to strike rapidly with the wings.
2. To fluctuate
FLICK'ER-ING, ppr. 1. Fluttermg; flapping the wings
without flight. 2. a. With amorous motions of the
eye.
FLICK'ER-ING, ?i. A fluttering ; short irregular move-
ments.
FLICK'ER-MOUSE, n. The bat. B. Jonson.
FLI'ER, n. 1. One that flies or flees. 2. A runaway ; a fu-
gitive. 3. A part of a machine which, by moving rapidly,
equalizes and regulates the motion of the whole.
FLIGHT, (flite) n. [Sax. flikt.] 1. The act of fleeing ; the
act of running away, to escape danger or expected evil .
liasty departure. 2. The act of flying ; a passing through
the air by the help of wings ; volitation. 3. The manner
of flying. 4. Removal from place to place by flying. 5.
A flock of birds flying in company. 6. A number of beings
flying or moving through the air together. 7. A number of
things passing through the air together ; a volley. 8. A
periodical flying of birds in flocks. — 9. In England, the
lairds produced in the same season. 10. The space passed
by flying. 11. A mounting ; a soaring ; lofty elevation
and excursion. 12. Excursion ; wandering ; extravagant
sally. 13. The power of flying. — 14. In certain lead workSf
a substance that flies off in smoke. — Flight of stairs, the
series of stairs from the floor, or from one platform to an-
other.
t FLiGHT'ED, a. Taking flight ; flying.
FLlGHT'I-NESS, 71. The state of being flighty ; wildness ;
slight delirium.
FLiGHT'-SHOT, n. The distance which an arrow flies.
FLiGHT'Y, a. 1. Fleeting ; swift. 2. Wild ; indulging the
sallies of imagination. 3. Disordered in mind ; some
what delirious.
FLIM'FLAM, 71. [Ice.jftm.] A freak ; a trick.
FLIM'SI-NESS, 71. State or quality of being flimsy ; thin,
weak texture ; weakness ; want of solidity.
FLIM'SY, a. [W. llymsi.] 1. Weak ; feeble ; slight; vain ;
without strength or solid sub«tance. 2. Without strength
or force ; spiritless. 3. Thiii ; of loose texture.
FLINCH, V. i. 1. To shrink ; to withdraw from ; to fail of
proceeding, or of performing any thing. 2. To fail.
FLINCH'ER, n. One who flinches or fails.
FLINCH'ING, ppr. Failmg to undertake, perform or pro-
ceed ; shrinking ; withdrawing.
FLIN'DER, 71. [D. flenter.] A small piece or splinter ; a
fragment. JVew England.
FLIN'DER-MOUSE, n. A bat. Oooffe.
FLING, V. t. ; pret. and j)^. flung. [Ir. lingim.] 1. To cast,
send or throw from the hand ; to hurl. 2. To dart ; to
cast with violence ; to send forth. 3. To send forth ; to
emit ; to scatter. 4. To throw ; to drive by violence.
5. To throw to the ground ; to prostrate. 6. To baffle; to
defeat. — To fling aioay, to reject; to discard. — To fling
down. 1 . To demolish ; to ruin. 2. To throw to the ground.
— To fling off, to baffle in the chase ; to defeat of prey. —
To fling out, to utter ; to speak. — To fling in, to throw in ;
to make an allowance or deduction. — To fling open, to
throw open ; to open suddenly or with violence. — To fling
up, to relinquish ; to abandon.
FLING, v.i. 1. To flounce ; to wince ; to fly into violent
and irregular motions. 2. To cast in the teeth ; to \itter
harsh language; to sneer; to upbraid. — To fling out, to
grow unruly or outrageous.
FLING, n. 1. A tlirow , a cast from the hand. 2. A gibe ;
a sneer ; a sarcasm ; a severe or contemptuous re-
mark.
FLING'ER, n. One who flings ; one who jeers.
FLTNG'ING, ppr. Throwing ; casting ; jeering.
FLINT, 7i. [Sax. flint.] 1. In natural history, a suh-speclvs
of quartz. It is amorphous, interspersed in other stones,
or in nodules or rounded lumps. Its surface is general-
ly uneven, and covered with a rind or crust, is verj
hard, and strikes fire with steel. 2. A piece of this slone
used in firearms to strike fire. 3. Any thing proverbially
hard.
FLINT'-HEART-ED i ''■ having a hard, unfeeling heart.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— Bl^ILL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S 33 Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete,
FLO
346
FLO
fLINTT, a. 1. Consisting of flint. 2. Like flint ; very
hard ; not impressible. 3. Cruel ; unmerciful ; inexorable.
4. Full of flint-stones.
FLIP, n. A mixed liquor consisting of beer and spirit
sweetened.
FLIP'DOG, n. An iron used, when heated, to warm flip.
FLIP'FAJST-CY, v. Smoothness and rapidity of speech j vol-
ubility of tongue ; fluency of speech.
fLIP'PANT, a. [W. llipanu.] ]. Of smooth, fluent and
rapid speech ; speaking with ease and rapidity ; having a
voluble tongue ; talkative. 2. Pert ; petulant ; waggish.
FLTP'PANT-LY, adv. Fluently ; with ease and volubility
of SDCCCtl
FLIP'PANT-NESS, n. Fluency of speech ; volubUity of
tongue J flippancy.
FLIRE. See Fleer.
FLIRT, ?j. t. [qu. Sax. fleardian.] 1. To throw with a
jerk or sudden effort or exertion. 2. To toss or throw ;
to move suddenly.
FLiRT, V i. 1. To jeer or gibe ; to throw out harsh or sar-
castic words. 2. To run and dart about ; to be moving has-
tily from place to place ; to be unsteady or fluttering.
FLtRT, 71. 1. A sudden jerk ; a quick tlnrow or cast ; a dart-
ing motion. 2. A young girl who moves hastily or fre-
quently from place to place ; a pert girl.
FLiRT, a. Pert ; wanton. Shak.
FLtR-TA'TION, 7i. 1. A flirting ; a quick, sprightly motion.
2. Desire of attracting notice ; [a cant word.]
FLiRT'ED, pp. Thrown with a sudden jerk.
FLiRT'I-GIG, n. A wanton, pert girl, arose.
FLiRT'ING, ppr. Throwing ; jerking ; tossing ; darting
about ; rambling and changing place hastily.
FLIT, V. i. [D. vlieden ; Sw. Jiyta.] 1. To fly away with a
rapid motion ; to dart along ; to move with celerity through
the air. 2. To flutter ; to rove on the wing. 3. To remove ;
to migrate ; to pass rapidly, as a light substance, from
one place to another. — 4. In Scotland, to remove from one
habitation to another. 5. To be unstable ; to be easily or
often moved.
t FLIT, a. Nimble ; quick ; swift. See Fleet.
FLITCH, n. [Sax. fiicce.] The side of a hog salted and
cured. Swift.
FLITF, v.i. [Sax. fiytan.] To scold. Grose.
FLIT'TER, V. i. To flutter, which see. Chaucer.
FLIT'TER, n. A rag ; a tatter. See Fritter.
FLIT'TER-MOUSE, n. A bat.
FLIT'TI-NESS, n. Unsteadiness ; levity ; lightness.
FLIT'TING, ppr. Flying rapidly ; fluttering.
FLIT'TING, n. A flying with celerity ; a fluttermg.
FLIT'TY, a. Unstable ; fluttering. More.
t FLIX, 71. [qu. from jftaz.] Down; fur. Dryden.
FLIX'WEED, 7!. A species of water-cresses.
FLIX'WOOD, 71. A plant.
t FLO, 71. An arrow. Chaucer.
FLOAT, n. [Sax.fiota.] 1. That Which swims or is borne
on water ; a body or collection of timber, boards or planks
fastened together and conveyed down a stream ; a raft.
2. The cork or quill used on an angling line, to support it
and discover the bite of a fish. 3. The act of flowing;
flux; flood; [obs.] 4. A quantity of earth, eighteen feet
sqjaare and one deep. 5. [Fr.Jiot.] A wave.
FLoAT, v.i. [SvLX.fieotanjflotaa.] I. To be borne or sus-
tained on the surface of a fluid ; to swim ; to be buoyed
up; not to sink ; not to be aground. 2. To move or be
conveyed on water ; to swim. 3. To be buoyed up and
moved or conveyed in a fluid, as in air. 4. To move
with a light irregular course.
FLoAT, V. t. 1. To cause to pass by swimming ; to cause
to be conveyed on water. 2. To flood ; to inundate ; to
overflow; to cover with water.
FLoAT'AGE, v. Any thing that floats on the water.
FLoAT'-BoARD, n. A board of a water-wheel.
FLoAT'ED, pp. 1. Flooded; overflowed. 2. Borne on
water.
FLoAT'ER, 71. One that floats or swims. Eusden.
FLoAT'ING, ppr. 1. Swimming; conveying on water:
overflowing. 2. Lying flat on the surface of the water.
FLOAT'ING-BRIDGE, v. 1. In the United States, a bridge,
consisting of logs or timber with a floor of plank, support-
ed wholly by the water. — 2. In tear, a kind of double
bridge, used for carrying troops over narrow moats.
FLoAT'STOXE, n. Swimming flint, spungiform quartz,
a mineral of a spungy texture.
FLoAT'Y, a. Buoyant; swimming on the surface ; light.
FLOCCU-LENCE, n. [1.. flocculus.] The state of being in
locks or flocks ; adhesion in small flakes.
FLO€'CU-LENT, a. Coalescing and adhering in locks or
flakes.
FLOCK, n. [Sax. ^oce.] 1. A company or collection ; ap-
plied to sheep and other small anivials 2. A company or
collection of fowls of any kind, and, when applied to birds
on the wing, a flight. 3. A body or crowd of people;
[little used.] 4. A lock of wool or hair.
FLOCK, r t To gather in companies or crowds.
FLOCK ING, ppr. Collecting or running together.
t FLOCK'LYj adv. In a body ; in a heap. Huloet
FLOG, V. t. [L. fiigo.] To beat or strike with a rod of
whip; to whip ; to lash ; to chastise with repeated blows.
FLOGGED, pp^ Whipped or scourged for punishment 5
chastised.
FLOG'GING, ppr. Whippmg for punishment ; chastising.
FLOG'GING, 71. A whipping for punishment.
f FLONG, old part. pass, itoai fling.
FLOOD, (.flud) 71. [Sax.^od.] 1. A great flow of water ; a
body of moving water; a body of water, rising, swelling
and overflowing land not usually covered with water.
2. The flood, by way of eminence, the deluge ; the great
body of water which inundated the earth in the days of
Noah. 3. A river : a sense chiefly poetical. 4. The flow-
ing of the tide ; the semi-diurnal swell or rise of water in
the ocean ; opposed to ebb. 5. A great quantity ; an in-
undation ; an overflowing ; abundance ; superabundance.
6. A great body or stream of any fluid substance. 7.
Menstrual discharge.
FL60D, V. t. To overflow ; to inundate ; to deluge.
FLoOD'ED, pp. Overflowed; inundated.
FLoOD'GATE, n. I. A gate to be opened for letting water
flow through, or to be shut to prevent it. 2. An opening
or passage ; an avenue for a flood or great body.
FLoOD'ING, ppr. Overflowing ; inundating.
FLoOiyiNG, n. Any preternatural discharge of blood from
the uterus.
FLoOD'-MaRK, n. The mark or line to which the tide
rises ; high-water mark.
FLOOK. See Fluke, the usual orthography.
FLOOK'ING, n. In mining, an interruption or shifting of a
load of ore, by a cross vein or fissure.
FLOOR, (flore) n. [Sax.flor,flore.] 1. That part of a build-
ing or room on which we walk. 2. A platform of boards
or planks laid on timbers. 3. A story in a building. 4.
The bottom of a ship, or that part which is nearly hori-
zontal.
FLoOR, V. t. To lay a floor ; to cover timbers with a floor ;
tofurnish with a floor.
FLOORED, pp. Covered with boards, plank or pavement j
fujnished with a floor.
FLoOR'ING, ppr Laying a floor ; furnishing with a floor.
FLoOR'ING, n. 1. A platform ; the bottom of a room or
building ; pavement. 2. Materials for floors.
FLoOR'-TIM-BERS, n. The timbers on which a floor is
laid.
FLOP, V. t. [a different spelling of flap.] 1. To clap 01
strike the wings. 2. To let down the bnm of a hat.
FLo'RA, 71. 1. In antiquity, the goddess of flowers.— 2. In
modern usage, a catalogue or account of flowers or plants.
FLo'RAL, a. [L. floralis.] 1. Containing the flower ; im-
mediately attending the flower. 2. Pertaining to Flora
or to flowers.
FLOR'EN, ) 7j. An ancient gold coin of Edward III., of
FLOR'ENCE, \ six shillings sterling value.
FLOR'ENCE, n. 1. A kind of cloth. 2. A kind of wine
from Florence, in Italy.
FLOR'EN-TINE, n. I. A native of Florence. 2. A kind
of silk cloth, so called.
FLO-RES'CENCE, n. [L.florescens.] In botany, the sea-
son when plants expand their flowers.
FLo'RET, n. [Fr.fleurette.] A little flower; the partial or
separate little flower of an aggregate flower.
FLo'RI-AGE, n. [Fr.^07^'.] Bloom; blossom. J.Scott.
FLOR'ID, a. [Ij.floridus.] 1. Literally, fiowery ; covered
^ or abounding with flowers. 2. Bright in color ; flushed
with red ; of a lively red color. 3. Embellished with
flowers of rhetoric ; enriched with lively figures ; splen-
did ; brilliant.
FLO-RID'I-TY, n. Freshness or brightness of color ; florid
ness.
FLOR'ID-LY, adv. In a showy and imposing way. A.
Wood.
FLOR'ID-NESS, n. 1. Brightness or freshness of color or
complexion. 2. Vigor; spirit. 3. Embellishment; bril-
liant ornaments ; ambitious elegance.
FLO-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [Jj.florifer.] Producing flowers.
FLOR-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. The act or time of flowering.
FLOR'IN, n. [Ft. florin ; It. fiorino.] A coin, originally
made at Florence.
FLo'RIST, n. [Fr.fleuriste.] 1. A cultivator of flowers;
one skilled in flowers. 2. One who writes a flora, or an
account of plants.
t FLOR'U-LENT, a. Flowery; blossoming.
FLOS'CU-LAR, or FLOS'CU-LOUS, a. In botany, a flos-
culous flower is a compound flower, composed of flo-
rets.
FLOS'CULE, n. [L. floscnlus.] In botany, a partial or lesser
floret of an aggregate flower.
FLOS FER-RI, 7t. [L.] A mineral, a Variety of arragonite,
called coralloidal arragonite.
FLOSS, n. [L. flos.] A downy or silky substance in the
husks of certain plants. Tooke.
.See Synopsis. A, E, J, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, F^LL, WH^T ;— PREY ,-PlN, MARINE, BIRD j— t Obsolete.
FLO
347
FLU
FLOS-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. A flowering ; expansion of flow-
ers. [JVo'ueZ.] Med. Repos.
FLO'TA, n. [Sp.] A fleet ; but appropriately, a fleet of
Spanish ships which formerly sailed every year from
Cadiz to Vera Cruz.
FLoT'AfiE, n. , [Fr. flottage.] That which floats on the
sea, or on rivers. [Little used.]
t FLOTE, V. t. To skim. Tusser.
FLO-TIL'LA, n. [dim. of flota.] A little fleet, or fleet of
small vessels.
FLOT'SAM, I n. Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on
FLOT'SON, \ the sea.
t FLOT'TEN, pp. Skimmed.
FLOUNCE, (flouns) v. i. [D. plonssen.] 1 To throw the
limbs and body one way and the other ; to spring, turn or
twist with sudden effort or violence ; to struggle as a horse
in mire. 2. To move with jerks or agitation.
FLOUNCE, V. t. To deck with a flounce.
FLOUNCE, n. A narrow piepe of cloth sewed to a petti-
coat, frock or gown, with the lower border loose and
spreading.
FLOUN'DER, 71. [Sw.flundra.] A flat fish.
FLOUN'DER, v. i. To fling the limbs and body, as in
making efforts to move ; to struggle, as a horse in the
mire ; to roll, toss and tumble.
FLOUN'DER-ING, ppr. Making irregular motions j strug-
gling with violence.
FLOUR, n. [originally^ower; Fr.^ewr.] The edible part
of corn J meal.
FLOUR, V. t. [Sp.florear.] 1. To grind and bolt ; to convert
into flour. 2. To sprinkle with flour.
FLOURED, pp. Converted into flour j sprinkled with
flour.
FLOUR'ING, ppr. Converting into flour ; sprinkling with
flour.
FLoUR'ISH, (flur'ish) v.i. [L.floresco.] 1. To thrive ; to
grow luxuriantly ; to increase and enlarge, as a healthy,
growing plant. 2. To be prosperous; to increase in
wealtli or honor. 3. To grow in grace and in good
works ; to abound in the consolations of religion. 4. To
be in a prosperous state ; to grow or be augmented. 5.
To use florid language ; to make a display of figures and
lofty expressions ; to be copious and flowery. 6. To make
bold strokes in writing; to make large and irregular lines.
7. To move or play in bold and irregular figures. — 8. In
music, to play with bold and irregular notes, or without
settled form. 9. To boast ; to vaunt ; to brag.
FLoUR'ISH, (flur'ish) v. t. 1. To adorn with flowers or
beautiful figures, either natural or artificial ; to ornament
with any thing showy. 2. To spread cut ; to enlarge into
figures. 3. To move in bold or irregular figures ; to move
in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph ; to
brandish. 4. To embellish with the flowers of diction ;
to adorn with rhetorical figures ; to grace with ostenta-
tious eloquence ; to set off with a parade of words. 5. To
advitin ; to embellish. Shak. 6. To mark with a flourish
or irregular stroke.
FLoUR'ISH, (flur'ish) n. 1. Beauty ; showy splendor. 2.
Ostentatious embellishment ; ambitious copiousness or am-
plification ; parade of words and figures ; show. 3. Fig-
ures formed by bold, irregular lines, or fanciful strokes of
the pen or graver. 4. A brandishing ; the waving of a
weapon or other thing.
FLoUR'ISHED, (flur'isht) pp. Embellished; adorned with
bold and irregular figures or lines ; brandished.
FL6UR'ISH-ER, (flur'isli-er) n. 1. One who flourishes;
one who thrives or prospers. 2. One who brandishes,
3. One who adorns with fanciful figures.
FLoUR'ISH-ING, (flur'ish-ing) ppr. or a. Thriving ; pros-
perous ; increasing ; making a show.
FL6UR'ISH-ING-LY, (flur ish-ing-ly) adv. Witli flour-
ishes ; ostentatiously.
FLOUT, V. t. [Scot, flyte.] To mock or insult ; to treat
with contempt. Walton.
FLOUT, V. i. To practice mocking ; to sneer ; to behave
with contempt.
FLOUT, n. A mock ; an insult.
FLOUT'ED, pp. Mocked ; treated with contempt.
FLOUT'ER, n. One who flouts and flings ; a mocker.
FLOUT'ING, ppr. Mocking ; insulting ; fleering.
FLOUT'ING-LY, adv. With flouting ; insultingly.
PliOW,v.i. [Sax. flojoan.] 1. To move along an inclined
plane, or on descending ground, by the operation of grav-
ity, and with a continual change of place among the par-
ticles or parts, as a fluid. 2. To melt ; to become liquid.
3. To proceed; to issue. 4. To abound; to have in
abundance. 5. To be full ; to be copious ; as, fioicmg cups
or goblets. 6. To glide along smoothly, without harsh-
ness or asperity. 7. To be smooth, as composition or
utterance. 8. To hang loose and waving. 9, To rise, as
the tide ; opposed to ebb. 10. To move in the arteries
and veins of the body; to circulate, as blood. 11. To
issue, as ray i>r beams of light. 12. To move in a stream,
as air.
FL5W, V. t. To cover with water; to overflow ; tointin
date
FLoW, 71. 1. A stream of water or other fluid ; a current
2. A current of water with a swell or rise. 3. A stream
of any thing. 4. Abundance ; copiousness with action.
5. A stream of diction, denoting abundance of words at
command, and facility of speaking ; volubuity. 6. Free
expression or communication of generous feelings and
sentiments.
FLOWED, pp. Overflowed ; inundated.
FLOWER, n. [Fr. fieur ; Sp.fior.] 1. In botany, that part
of a plant which contains the organs of fructification, with
their coverings — 2. In vulgar acceptation, a blossom or
flower is the flower-bud of a plant, when the petals are
expanded. 3. The early part of life, or rather of man-
hood ; the prime : youthful vigor ; youth. 4. The best or
finest part of a thing ; the most valuable part. 5. The
finest part ; the essence. 6. He or that which is most
distinguished for any thing valuable. 7. The finest part
of grain pulverized. In this sense, it is new always
written flour, which see. — Flowers. 1. In rhetoric, fig-
ures and ornaments of discourse or composition. 2. Men-
strual discharges.
FLOWER, V. i. 1. To blossom; to bloom ; to expand the
petals, as a plant. 2. To be in the prime and spring of
life ; to flourish ; to be youthful, fresh and vigorous. 3.
To froth; to ferment gently; to mantle, as new beer.
4. To come as cream from the surface.
FLOWER, V. t. To embellish with figures of flowers ; to
adorn with imitated flowers.
FLOWER-AGE, n. Store of flowers. Diet.
FLOWER-DE-LIS, n. [Fr.fleiir de lis.] 1. In heraldry, 3
bearing representing a lily, the hieroglyphic of royal ma
jesty. — 2. In botany, the iris, a genus of monogynian tri-
anders, called, also, flag-flower, and often written, incor-
rectlv , flower-de-luce.
FLOW'ERED, pp. Embellished with figures of flowers.
FLOW'ER-ET, 71. [Fr. fieur ette.] A small flower; a floret
Dryden.
FLOWER-FENCE, n. The name of certain plants.
FLOWER-GAR-DEN, n. A garden in which flowers are
chiefly cultivated.
FLOWER-GEN-TLE, n. A plant, the amaranth.
FLOWER-I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being flowery, or
of abounding with flowers. 2. Floridness of speech :
abundance of figures.
FLOWER-ING, ppr. 1. Blossoming; blooming; expand-
ing the petals, as plants. 2. Adorning with artificial
flowers, or figures of blossoms.
FLOWER-ING, n. 1. The season when plants btesom.
2. Tlie act of adorning with flowers.
FLOWER-ING-BUSH, n. A plant.
FL0WER-IN-W6'VEN, a. Adorned with flowers.
FLOWER-KiR-TLED, a. Dressed with garlands of flow-
ers. Milton^
FLOWER-LESS, a. Having no flower. Chaucer.
FLOWER-STALK, n. In botany, the peduncle of a plant
or the stem that supports the flower.
FLOWER-Y, a. 1. Full of flowers ; abounding with blos-
soms. 2. Adorned with artificial flowers, or the figures
of blossoms. 3. Richly embellished with figurative lan-
guage ; florid.
FLOWING, ppr. Moving as a fluid ; issuing; proceeding;
abounding ; smooth, as style ; inundating.
FLOWING, n. The act of running or moving as a fluid ;
an issuing ; an overflowing ; rise of water.
FLoWING-LY, adv. With volubility ; with abundance.
FLoWING-NESS, n. Smoothness of diction ; stream of
diction. Mchols.
FLOWK, or FLUKE, n. [Sax.^c] A flounder. Carew.
FLOWK'WoRT, 71. A plant.
FLoWN, pp. of fly.
FLu'ATE, 71. In chemistry, a salt formed by the fluoric
acid combined with a base.
FLUC'TU-ANT, «. [h.flactuans.] Moving like a wave ;
wavering ; unsteady. UEstrange.
FLU€'TU-ATE, v. i. [L.fiuctuo.] 1. To move as a wave ;
to roll hither and thither; to wave. 2. To float back-
ward and forward, as on waves. 3. To move now in
one direction and now in another ; to be wavering or un-
steady. 4. To be irresolute or undetermined. 5. To rise
and fall ; to be in an unsettled state ; to experience sud-
den vicissitudes.
FLU€'TU-A-TING, ppr. ]. Wavering ; rofling as a wave ;
moving in this and that direction ; rising and falling.
2. a. Unsteady ; wavering ; changeable.
FLU€-TU-A'TION, n. [L. fluctuatio.] ]. A motion like
that of waves ; a moving in this and that direction. 2. A
wavering unsteadiness. 3. A rising and falling suddenly.
FLUD'ER, or FLUD'DER, n. An aquatic fowl of the divei
kind, nearly as large as a goose.
FLuE, n. A passage for smoke in a chimney.
FLuE, M. [G.flaum; Ti.pluma.] Soft; down or fur ; very
fine hair. [Local.] Toolce.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BjJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete,
FLJ
348
FLY
FLU-EL'LEN, n. ITie female speedwell, a plant.
t FLD'ENCE, for fluency.
FLU-'EN-CY, 71. [L. fiuens.] 1. The quality of flowing,
applied to speech or language ; smootlmess ; freedom from
harshness. 2. Readiness of utterance ; facUity of words j
volubility. 3. Affluence ; abundance ; [obs.]
FLU'ENT, a. 1. Liquid ; flowing. 2. Flowing ; passing.
3. Ready in the use of words ; voluble ; copious ; having
words at command, and uttering them with facility and
smoothness. 4. Flowing 5 voluble ; smooth.
FLu'ENT, 71. 1. A stream; a current of water; [little
used.] 2. The variable or flowing quantity in fluxions,
FLU'ENT-LY, adv. With ready flow ; volubly ; without
hesitation or obstruction.
FLtJ'GEL-MAN, 71. [G.] In German, the leader of a file.
But with us, a soldier who stands on the wing of a body
of men, and gives the time for the motions.
FLu'ID, a. [L. Jiuidus.j Having parts which easily move
and change their relative position without separation, and
which easily yield to pressure ; that may flow ; liquid, as
water, spirit, air.
FLu'ID, 7*. Any substance whose parts easily move and
change their relative position without separation, and
which yields to the slichtest pressure.
Pi,U-ID I TY, v.. The quality of being capable of flowing ;
that quality of bodies which renders them impressible to
the Slightest force, and by which the parts easily move or
change their relative position without a separation of the
mass ; a liquid state.
FLtJlD-NESS, n. The state of being fluid ; fluidity, which
see.
FLUKE, n. The part of an anchor which fastens in the
ground.
FLUKE, or FLOVVK, n. A flounder.
FLuKE'-WoRM, n. The gourd-worm, a species of fasciola.
FLUME, n. [Sax. flum.] The passage or channel for tlie
water that drives a mUI-wheel.
FLUM'MER-Y, 71. [W. llymry.] 1. A sort of jelly made of
flour or meal ; pap. — 2. In vulgar use, any thing insipid
or nothing to the purpose ; flattery.
FLUNG, preJ. and pp. of fling.
FLU-O-Bo'RATE, 74. A compound of fluoboric acid with a
base.
FLU-0-Bo'RI€, a. The fluoboric acid or gas is a compound
of fluorine and boron. Daw.
FLU'OR, 7i. [Low L.] ]. A fluid state. 2. Menstrual flux.
— 3. In mineralogy, fluate of lime.
FLu'OR-AC-ID, n. The acid of fluor.
FLu'OR-A-TED, a. Combined v/ith fluoric acid.
FLU-OR'I€, a. Pertaining to fluor.
FliUOR-IN, ) n. The supposed basis of fluoric acid.
FLtf'OR-IXE, J Davy.
FLu'OR-OUS, a. The fluorous acid is the acid of fluor in
its first degree of oxygenation.
FLU-0-SIL I-CATE, n. In chemistry, a compound of flu-
oric acid, with some other substance. Silliman.
FLU-0-SI-LIC'I€, a. Composed of or containing fluoric
acid with silex.
FLUR. See Flurry.
FLUR RY, 71. ]. A sudden blast or gust ; or a light, tempo-
raiy breeze. 2. A sudden shower of short duration. 3.
Agitation ; commotion ; bustle ; hurry.
FLUR'RY, V. t. To put in agitation ; to excite or alann.
FLUSH, V. i. [G. fliessen.] 1. To flow and spread suddenly ;
to rush. 2. To come in haste ; to start. 3. To appear
suddenly, as redness or a blush. 4. To become suddenly
red ; to glov/. 5. To be gay, splendid or beautiful.
FLUSH, V. t. 1. To redden "suddenly ; to cause tiie blood
to rush suddenly into the nice. 2. To elate : to elevate ;
to excite the spirits ; to animate with joy.
FLUSH, a. 1. Fresh; full of vigor ; glowing; bright. 2.
Affluent ; abounding ; v/ell furnished. 3. Free to spend ;
liberal ; prodigal.
FLUSH, n. 1. A sudden flow of blood to the face : or, more
generally, the redness of face which proceeds from such
an afflux of blood. 2. Sudden impulse or excitement ;
sudden glow. 3. Bloom ; growtli ; abundance. 4. [Fr.,
Sp. fluz.] A run of cards of tlie same suit. 5. A term for
a number of ducks. Spenser.
FliUSHED, pp. 1. Overspread or tinged with a red color
from the flowing of blood to the face. 2. Elated ; ex-
cited ; animated.
FLUSH'ER, n. The lesser butcher-bird.
FLUSH'ING, ppr. Overspreading with red ; glowing
FLTJSH'ING, n. A glow of red in the face.
FLUSH'XESS, 7i. Freshness. Bp. Gauden.
FLUS'TER, V. t. To make hot and rosy, as with drinking ;
to heat ; to hurry ; to agitate ; to confuse.
FLUS'TER, V. i. To be in a heat or bustle ; to be agitated.
FLUS'TER, n. Heat ; glow ; agitation ; confusion ; disorder.
FLUS'TERED, pp. Heated with liquor ; agitated ; confused.
FLUTE, 71. [Fr. flUte.] 1. A small wind instrument ; a
pipe with lateral holes or stops, played by blowing with
the mouth, and by stopping and opening the holes with
the fingers. 2. A cliarmel in a column or pillar , a perpeii
dicular furrow or cavity, cut along the shaft of a coluniR
or pilaster. 3. A long vessel or boat, with flat ribs 01
floor timbers.
FLUTE, V. i. To play on a flute. Chaucer.
FLUTE, V. t. To form flutes or channels in a column.
FLuT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Channeled ; furrowed. — ^2. In m.usvc
thin ; fine ; flutelike. Busby.
FLuT'ER, 71. One who plays on the flute. Chaucer.
FLuT'ING, ppr. Channeling ; cutting furrows ; as in a
column.
FLuT'ING, 71. A channel or furrow in a column ; fluted
work.
FLtJT'IST, 71. A performer on the flute. Busby.
FLUT'TER, V. i. [Sax. floteran.'] 1. To move or flap the
wings rapidly, without flying, or with short flights ; to
hover. 2. To move about briskly, irregularly or with
great bustle and show, without consequence. 3. To move
with quick vibrations or undulations. 4. To be in agita-
tion ; to move iiTegularly ; to fluctuate ; to be in imcer-
taintv.
FLUT'TER, V. I. 1. To drive in disorder. 2. To hurry
the mind ; to agitate. 3. To disorder ; to throw into
confusion.
FLUT'TER, n. 1. Q,uick and irregular motion ; vibration ;
undulation. 2. HuiTy ; tumult ; agitation of the mind
3. Confusion ; disorder ; irregularity in position.
FLUT'TERED, pp. Agitated ; confused ; disordered.
FLUT'TER-TXG, p;>r. Flapping the wings without flight
or With short flights ; hovering ; agitating.
FLUT'TER-ING, n. The act of hovering, or flapping the
wines without flight ; a wavering ; agitation.
FLU-VI-AT'I€, \ a. [L. fluviaticus.] Belonging to rivere ;
FLU'VI-AL, ) growing or living in streams or ponds.
FLu'VI-A-TILE, a. [L. fluviatilis.] Belonging to rivers.
Kir7can.
FLUX, n. [L.fluxus.] I. The act of flowing ; the motion
or passing of a fluid. 2. The moving or passing of any
thing in continued succession. 3. Any flow or issue of
matter. — In medicine, an extraordinary issue or evacua-
tion. — 4. In hydrography, the flow of the tide. — 5. In
metanurrry, any substance or mixture used to promote the
fusion of metals or minerals. 6. Fusion ; a liquid stale
from the operation of heat. 7. That which flows or is
discharged. 8. Concourse ; confluence ; [little used.]
FLUX, a. Flowing; moving; maintained by a constant
succession of parts 3 mconstant ; variable. [JVot well au-
thorized.']
FLUX, V. t. 1. To melt ; to fuse ; to make fluid. 2. To
salivate ; [little used.] So^ith.
FLUX-A'TION, 71. A flowing or passing away, and giving
place to others. Leslie.
FLUXED, pp. Melted ; fused ; reduced to a flowing state.
FLUX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting fusion.
FLUX'T-BLE, a. Capable of being melted or fused.
FLUX-IL'I-TY, 7). [Low L. fluxilis.] The quality of ad-
mitting fusion ; possibility of being fused or liquefied.
FLUX'ION, 7!. [L.fluxio.] I. The act of flowing. 2. The
matter that flows. — 3. Fluxions, in mathematics, the analy-
sis of infinitely small variable quantities, or a method of
finding an infinitely small quantity, which being taken an
infinite number of times, becomes equal to aquantity given.
FLUX'IOX-A-RY, a. Pertaining to matliematical fluxions.
FLUX'ION-IST, n. One skilled^'in fluxions. Berkeley.
t FLUX'IVE, a. Flowing ; wanting solidity. B. Jonson.
t FLUX'URE, 71. A flowing or fluid matter. Draytoji.
FLY, V. i. ; pret. fleio : part, flown. [Sax.flvcogan.] 1. To
move through an- by the aid of wings, as fowls. 2. To
pass or move in air, by the force of wind or other impulse.
3. To rise in air. 4. To move or pass with velocity or
celerity, either on land or water. 5. To move rapidly, in
any manner. 6. To pass away ; to depart ; with the idea
of "haste, swiftness or escape. 7. To pass rapidly, as time.
Swift ^7/ the fleeting hours. 8. To part suddenly or with
violence ; to burst, as a bottle. 9. To spring by an elastic
force. 10. To pass swiftly, as rumor or report. 11. To
flee ; to run away ; to attempt to escape ; to escape. 12
To flutter; to vibrate or play.
TofliV at, to spring towards ; to rush on ; to fall on sudden-
ly.— ^o/)/ in t/fe /ace. 1. To insult. 2. To assail ; to re-
sist ; to set at defiance ; to oppose with violence ; to act
in direct opposition. — 7'ofly off. 1. To separate or depart
suddenly. 2. To revolt. — To fly open, to open suddenly
or with violence. — To fly out. 1. To rush out ; also, to
burst into a passion. 2. To break out into license. 3
To start or issue with violence from any direction. — To
let fly. 1. To discharge ; to throw or drive with violence.
— 2. In seamanship, to let go suddenly.
FL"?, V. t. 1. To shun ; to avoid ; to decline. 2. To quit
by flight. 3. To attack by a bird of prey ; [obs.] 4. To
cause to float in the air.
FLY, 71. [Sax..^eoD-e.] 1. In zoology, a winged insect of
various species. — 2. In mechanics, a cross with leaden
weights at the ends. 3. That part of a vane whith points
* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, lo7ig.—FkB., FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;^PIN, MARiJfE, BiRD 3— f Obsolete
FOE
349
Pol-
and shows wLich way the wind blows. 4. The extent
of an ensign, flag or pendant from the staff to the end that
flutters loose in the wind.
FLY'BANE, 72. A plant called catch-fly.
FL-?'BIT-T£N, a. Marked by the bite of flies. Shak.
FL'f'BLoW, V. t. To deposit an egg in any thing, as a fly 5
to taint with the eggs which produce maggots.
FL-?BLoW, n. The egg of a fly.
FLY'BoAT, n. A large, flat-bottomed Dutch vessel.
FIiY'€ATCH-ER, n. 1. One that hunts flies.— 2. In zoolo-
gy, a genus of birds, the muscicapa. Encyc.
FLy'ER, 71. 1. One that flies or flees ; usually written ^ier.
2. One that uses wings. 3. The fly of a jack.— 4. In ar-
chitecture, stairs that do not wind, but are made of an ob-
long square figure. 5. A performer in Mexico, who flies
round an elevated post.
FLYFISH, V. i. To angle.with flies for bait.
FLf'FISH-ING, 71. Anglmg; the. art of angling for fish
with flies, natural or artificial, for bait.
FLfFLAP, 7i. Something to drive away flies. Congreve.
FLY-H6N'EY-SUe-KLE, n. A plant, the lonicera.
FLt'ING, ppr. 1. Moving in air by means of wings ; pass-
ing rapidly ; springing ; bursting ; avoiding. 2. a. Float-
ing ; waving. 3. a. Aloving ; light, and suited for prompt
mj)tion. — Flyinff colors, a phrase expressing triumph.
FLY'ING-BRiDGE, 71. A bridge of pontoons ; also, a bridge
composed of two boats.
FL-f'ING-FISH, 71. A small fish which flies by means of
its pectoral fins. It is of the genus exocmtus.
FLY' [NG-PAR-TY , n. In military affairs, a detachment of
men employed to hoyer about an enemy
FLy'ING-PIN'ION, 71, The part of a clock, having a fly or
faji, by which it gathers air.
FLY'-TRAP, 71. In 6oi«7f7/, a species of sensitive plant.
FLY'-TREE, 71. A tree whose leaves are said to produce
flies, from a httle bag on the surface.
FoAL, 71. [S'a.x. fola, fole.] The young of the equine ge-
nus of quadrupeds, and of either sex ; a colt ; a filly.
FoAL, v.t. To bring forth a colt or filly 5 to bring forth
young, as a mare or a she-ass.
FoAL, V. i. To bring forth young, as a mare and certain
other beasts.
FoAL-BIT, 71. A plant.
FoAL'FOOT, 7!. The colt's-foot, tussilago.
FoAM, 7!. [Sax. /(zm, /«;«.] Froth 5 spume; the substance
which is formed on the surface of liquors by fermentation
or violent agitation, consisting of bubbles.
FoAM, V. i. 1. To froth ; to gather foam. 2. To be in a
rage ; to be violently agitated.
FoAM, 75. t. To throw out with rage or violence.
FoAM'ING, ppr. Frothing ; fuming.
FoAM'ING-LY, adv. Frothily.
FoAM'Y, a. Covered with foam ; frothy.
FOB, 77. [qu. G.fuppe.'] A little pocket for a watch.
FOB, V. t. {Gr.foppen.] To cheat ; to trick ; to impose on.
— To fob off, to shift ofi" by an artifice ; to put aside ; to
delude with a trick. [j1 loio word.] Shak.
FOBBED, pp. Cheated ; imposed on.
FOB'BING, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on.
FO'CAL, a. [li. focus.] Belonging to a focus.
FC'CIL, 71. [FT.focile.] The greater focil is the ulna or
tibia, the greater bone of the fore-arm or leg. The lesser
focil is the radius or fibula, the lesser bone of the fore-arm
or leg.
t FOC-IL-La'TION, 7!. [-L.focUlo.] Comfort; support.
Fo'€US, n. ; plu. Focuses, or Foci. [1,. focus.] 1. In
optics, a point in which any number of rays of light meet,
after being reflected or refracted.— 2. In geometry and
conic sections, a certain point in the parabola, ellipsis and
hyperbola, where rays reflected from all parts of these
curves concur or meet. 3. A central point ; point of
concentration.
FOD'DER, 7(. [Sax. foddor, or f other.] 1. Food or dry food
for cattle, horses and sheep, as hay, straw and other kinds
of vegetables.— 2. In mining, a "measure containing 20
hundred, or 22^ hundred.
FOD'DER, V. t. To feed with dry food or cut grass, &c. ; to
furnish with hay, straw, oats, fcc.
FOD'DERED, pp. Fed with dry food, or cut grass.
FOD'DER-ER, n. He who fodders cattle.
FOD'DER-ING, ppr. Feeding with dry food, &c.
Fo'DI-EJNTT, a. [L. fodio, to dig.] Digging ; throwing up
with a spade. \ Little used.]
FoE, (fo) 71. [Sax./a/i.] 1. An enemy ; one who entertains
personal enmity, hatred, grudge or malice against another.
2. An enemy in war ; one of a nation at war with another ;
an adversary. 3. Foe, like enemy, in the singular, is used
to denote an opposing army, or nation at war. 4. An op-
ponent ; an enemy ; one who opposes any thing in princi-
ple ; an ill-wisher.
t FoE, V. t. To treat as an enemy. Spenser.
T FoE'HQOD, 71. Enmity. BedelL
FoE'LiK:^, a. Like an enemy. Sandys.
t FoE'MAN, 71. An enemy in war. Spenser.
FGE'TUS. See Fetps.
FOG, 71. [It. sfogo.] 1. A dense, watery vaprr, exhaled
from the earth, or from rivers and lakes, or generated in
the atmasphere near the earth. 2. A cloud of dust or
smoke.
FOG, 7!. [W.fwg.] After-grass; a second growth of grass :
but it signifies, also, long grass that remains on land. D'^ad
grass, remaining on land during wmter, is ceilled, in J\'ew
England, tl e old tore.
FOG'r. «. To overcast ; to darken. Sherwood.
FOG, V. i. [Fr. vogue.] To have power. Milton.
FOG'BANK, n. At sea, an appearance, in hazy weather
sometimes resembling land at a distance, but which van-
ishes as it is approached.
FOG'GAGE, 71. Rank grass not consumed or mowed in
summer. Encyc.
FOG'GI-LY, adv. Mistily ; darkly ; cloudily.
FOGMI-NESS, 7?. The state of being foggy ; a state of the
air filled with watery exhalations.
FOG'GY, a. 1. Filled or abounding with fog or watery ex-
halations. 2. Cloudy ; misty ; damp with humid vapors.
3. Producing fiequent fogs. 4. Dull ; stupid 3 clouded in
understanding.
FOH, an exclamation of abhorrence or contempt ; the same
as poh and fy.
fFOI'BLE, a. Weak. Herbert.
FOI'BLE, n. [Fr. foible.] A particular moral weakness ; a
failing.
FOIL, V. t. [In Norm, afolee.] 1. To frustrate ; to defeat ;
to render vain or nugatory, as an eff"ort or attempt. 2.
To blunt ; to dull. 3. To defeat ; to interrupt, or to ren-
der imperceptible.
FOIL, 71. Defeat ; frustration ; the failure of success when
on the point of being secured ; miscarriage.
FOIL, 7?. [W. ficyl.] A blunt sword, or one that has a but-
ton at the end covered with leather ; 7i$ed in fencing.
FOIL, H. [Fr. feuille: It. foglia.] 1. A leaf or thin plate of
metal used in gilding. — 2. Among jewelers, a thin leaf of
metal placed under precious stones, to make them appear
transparent, and to give them a particular color. 3. Any
thing of another color, or of diflfierent qualities, which
serves to adorn, or set off" another thing to advantage. 4
A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the ba(k of a
looking-glass, to cause reflection.
FOIL'A-BLE, a. Which may be foiled. Cotgrave.
FOILED, pp. Frustrated ; defeated.
FOIL'ER, 7i. One who frustrates another, and gains an ad-
vantage himself.
FOIL'ING, p;^r. Defeating; frustrating; disappointing of
success.
FOIL'ING, 77. Among hunters, the slight mark of a passuig
deer on the grass. Todd.
FOIN, V. t. [Fr. poindre.] 1. To push in fencing. Spenser
2. To prick ; to sting ; [not in use.]
FOIN, V. i. [Fr. poindre.] To push in fencing. Spenser
FOIN. n. A push ; a thrust. Robinson.
FOIN'ING, ppr. Pushing ; thrusting.
FOIJV ING-LY, adv. In a pushing manner.
tFOTS'ON, 7). [L.fiisio.] Plenty; abundance.
FOIST, V. t. To insert surreptitiously, wrongfullj'^, or with
out warrant.
t FOIST, 72. A light and fast-sailing ship. Beaumont.
FOIST, 7-. i. To stbik ; to be fusty.
FOIST'EB, pp. Inserted wrongfully.
FOIST'ER, n. One who inserts without authority.
FOIST'IED, a. Mustied. See Fusty.
FOIST'I-NESS, n. Fustiness, which see.
FOIST'ING, ppr. Inserting surreptitiously or without au-
thoritv.
FOIST'Y, a. Fusty, which see.
Fold, 77. [Sax. fald, falde.] 1. A pen or inclosure for
slieep ; a place where a flock of sheep is kept, whether in
the field or under shelter. 2. A flock of sheep. 3. A
limit ; [not in use.]
Fold, n. [Sax. feald.] 1. The doubling of any flexible
substance, as cloth ; complication ; a plait ; one part turn-
ed or bent and laid on another. — 2. In composition, the
same quantity added ; as four-fold.
Fold, v. t. [Sax. fealdan.] 1. To double ; to lap or lay in
plaits. 2. To double and insert one part in another. 3.
To double or lay together, as the arms. 4. To con^ue
slieep in a fold.
Fold, v. i. To close ower another of the same kind.
FoLD'AGE, 71. The right of folding sheep.
F^LD'ED, pp. Doubled ; laid in plaits ; kept in a fold.
FoLD'ER, 7). ]. An instrument used in folding paper. 2.
One that folds.
Folding, jjpr. 1. Doubling; Ia3ang in plaits ; keeping in
a fold. 2. a. Doubling ; that may close over another, or
that consists of leaves whicli mav close one over another.
FoLD'ING, 77. ]. A fold; a doubling.— 2. Among farmers,
the keeping of sheep in inclosures.
FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. foliaceus.] 1. Leafy; having
leaves intermixed with flowers. 'Foliaceons glands are
• See SynopxL" MOVE. BOQK, DOVE —PULL, UNITE— € as K ; ^ J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
FOL
350
FOG
those situated on leaves. 2. Consisting of leaves or thin
lamins ; having the form of a leaf or plate.
Fo'LI-A6E, n. [Ft. feuUlage.j 1. Leaves in general. 2.
A cluster of leaves, flowers and branches.
Fg LI-AGE, V. t. To work or to form into the representa-
tion of leaves. Drummond.
Fo'LI-A6ED, a. Furnished with foliage. Shenstone.
Fo'LI-ATE, V. t. [L. foiiatus.] 1. To beat into a leaf, or
thin plate or lam in. 2. To spread over with a thin coat
of tin and quicksilver, <fec.
Fo'LI-ATE, a. In botany, leafy ; furnished with leaves.
Fo'LI-A-TED, pp. 1. Spread or covered with a thin plate
or foil. — 2. In mineralogy, consisting of plates ; resembling
or in the form of a plate ; lamellar.
Fo'LI-A-TING, ppr. Covering with a leaf or foil.
FO-LI-A'TION, 71. [L. /oZiaiio.l 1. In botany, the leaMg
of plants ; vernation 5 the disposition of the nascent
leaves within the bud. 2. The act of beating a metal into
u thin plate, leaf or foil. 3. The act or operation of spread-
ing foil over the back side of a mnror or looking-glass.
FO'LI-A-TUKE, n. The state of being beaten into foil.
Fo'LI-ER, ?). Goldsmith's foil.
FO-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. folium, leaf, and fero, to bear.]
Producing leaves.
Fo'LI-0, n. [L. folium.] 1. A book of the largest size,
formed by once doubluig a sheet of paper.— 2. Among
merchants, a page, or rather both the right and left hand
pages of an account-book, expressed by tlie same figure.
Fo'LI-OLE, 71. A leaflet; one of the single leaves, which
together constitute a compound leaf.
Fo'LI-0-MOaT, a. [L. folium mortuum.] Of a dark yellow
color, or that of a faded leaf ; filemot.
Fo'LI-OT, 7t. [It. foletto.] A kind of demon. Burton.
Fo'LI-OUS, a. 1. Leafy ; thin 5 misubstantial. Brown. —
2. In botany, having leaves intermixed with the flowers.
Folk, (foke) n. [Sax. /oZc ; D. volk j G. volk ; Sw.folck ;
Dan. folk.] 1. People in general, or any part of them
without distinction. 2. Certain people, discriminated
from others ; as old folks, and young folks. — 3. In Scrip-
ture, the singular number is used ; as, a few sick folk. 4.
Animals. Frov. xxx.
FoLK'LAND, (foke'land) n. [Sax. folcland.] In English
law, copyhold land ; land held by the common people, at
the will of the lord.
FoLK'MOTE, (ftke'mote) 7i. [Sa.x. folcmote.] An assembly
of the people, to consult respecting public affairs.
FOL'LI-€LE, 71. [lu. folliculus.] 1. In botany, a univalvu-
Jar pericarp ; a seed vessel. 2. An air bag ; a vessel dis-
tended with air. 3. A little bag, in animal bodies ; a
gland ; a folding ; a cavity.
FOL-Lie'U-LOUS, a. Having or producing follicles.
t FOL'LI-FUL, «. Full of folly. Shenstone.
t FOL'LI-LY, adv. Foolishly. Wickliffe.
FOL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. folgian, filian, fylgan.] 1 . To go
after or behind ; to walk, ride or move behind, but in
the same direction. 2. To pursue ; to chase. 3. To ac-
company ; to attend in a journey. 4. To accompany ; to
be of the same company ; to attend, for any purpose. 5.
To succeed in order of time ; to come after. 6. To be
consequential ; to result from, as effect from a cause. 7.
To result from, as an inference or deduction. 8. To pur-
sue with the eye ; to keep the eyes fixed on a moving
body. 9. To imitate ; to copy. 10. To embrace ; to
adopt and maintain ; to have or entertain like opinions ;
to think or believe like another. 11. To obey ; to observe ;
to practice ; to act in conformity to. 12. To pursue as an
object of desire ; to endeavor to obtain. 13. To use ; to
practice ; to make the chief business. 14. To adhere to ;
to side with. 15. To adhere to ; to honor ; to worship ;
to serve. 16. To be led or guided by. 17. To move on
in the same course or direction ; to be guided bv.
FOL'LoW, V. i. 1. To come after another. 2. To attend ;
to accompany. 3. To be posterior in time. 4. To be con-
sequential, as effect to cause. 5. To result, as an infer-
ence. — To follow on, to continue pursuit or endeavor 3 to
persevere,
f OL'LoWED, pp. Pursued ; succeeded ; accompanied ;
attended ; imitated ; obeyed ; observed ; practiced ; ad-
hered to.
rOL'LoW-ER, n. 1. One who comes, goes or moves after
another, in the same course. 2. One that takes another
as his guide in doctrines, opinions or example. 3. One
who obeys, worships and hon(jrs. 4. An adherent ; a
disciple ; one who embraces the same system. 5. An at-
tendant ; a companion ; an associate or a dependent. 6.
One under the command of another. 7. One of the same
faction or party.
FOL'LoW-ING, ppr. Coming or going after or behind ;
pursuing ; attending ; imitating ; succeeding in time ; re-
sulting from ; adhering to ; obeying ; observing ; using ;
practicing ;' proceeding in the same course.
FOL'LY, 71. [Fr. folie.] 1. Weakness of intellect ; imbecili-
ty of mind ; want of understanding. 2. A weak or absurd
act not highly criminal ; an imprudent act. 3. An absurd
act which is highly sinful ; any conduct contrary to Ite
laws of God or man ; sin ; scandalous crimes. Bible. 4
Criminal weakness ; depravity of mind.
FO'MA-HANT, n. A star of the first magnitude, in the con-
stellation aquarius.
FO-MENT', V. t. [L. fomento.] 1. To apply warm lotions
to; to bathe with warm liquors. 2. To cherish with heat ;
to encourage growth. 3. To encourage 3 to abetj to
cherish and promote by excitements.
FO-MEN-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of applying warm liquors
to a part of the body, by means of flannels. 2. The lotion
applied, or to be applied, to a diseased part. 3. Excita-
tion; instigation; encouragement.
FO-MENT'ED, ^;?. Bathed with warm lotions ; encouraged.
FO-MENT'ER, n. One who foments ,-- one who encourages
or instigates.
FO-MENT'ING, ppr. 1. Applying warm lotions. 2. En-
couraging ; abetting ; promoting.
t FON, n. [Chaucer, fonne.] A fool ; an idiot.
FOND, a. [Chaucer, /07me, a fool ; Scot, fan.] 1. Foolish;
silly ; weak ; indiscreet ; imprudent. 2. Foolishly ten-
der and loving ; doting ; weakly indulgent. 3. Much
pleased ; loving ardently ; delighted with. 4. Relishing
highly. 5. Trifling ; valued by folly ; [little used.]
FOND, v.t. To treat with great indulgence or tenderness ;
to caress ; to cocker.
FOND, V. i. To be fond of; to be in love with ; to dote on
[Little used.] Shak.
FON'DLE, V. t. To treat with tenderness ; to caress.
FOWDIjEYi,pp. Treated with aftection , caressed.
FOND'LER, n. One who fondles.
FOND'LING, ppr. Caressing ; treating with tenderness
FOND'LING, n. A person or thing fondled or caressed.
FOND'LY, a<Z7;. 1. Foolishly; weakly; imprudently; wuh
indiscreet affection. 2. With great or extreme affection.
FOND'NESS, 7t. 1. Foolishness; weakness; want of sense
or judgment; [obs.] 2. Foolish tenderness. 3. Tender
passion ; warm affection. 4. Strong inclination or pro-
pensity. 5. Strong appetite or relish.
fFONE, pi. of/oe. Spenser.
FONT, n. [Fr. fonts ; Sp. fuente ; It. fonte ; L. fans.] A
large basin or stone vessel, in which water is contained
for baptizing children or other persons in the church.
FONT, n. [Fr. fonte.] A complete assortment of printing
types of one size.
FONT'AL, a. Pertaining to a fount, som-ce or origin.
FONT'A-NEL, n. 1. An issue for the discharge of humors
from the body 2. A vacancy in the infant cranium.
FON-TANGE', (fon-tanj') n. [Fr.] A knot of ribbons on the
top of a head dress. Addison.
FOOD, n. [Sa.:x. fod,foda.] 1. In a general sense, whatever
is eaten by faiimals for nourishment, and whatever sup-
plies nutriment to plants. 2. Meat ; aliment ; victuals
provisions , whatever is or may be eaten for nourishment
3. Whatever supplies nourishment and growth to plants.
4. Something that sustains, nourishes and augments.
t FOOD, 15. t. To feed. Barret.
FOOD'FUL, a. Supplying food ; full of food.
FOOD'LESS, a. Without food; destitute of provisions;
barren
t FOOD'Y, a. Eatable ; fit for food. Chapman.
FOOL, n. [Fr. fol,fou; It. foil e.] 1. One who is destitute
of reason, or the common powers of understanding ; an
idiot. —2. In common language, a person who is some-
what deficient in intellect, but not an idiot ; or a person
who acts absurdly. — 3. In Scripture, fool is often used for
a wicked or depraved person. 4. A weak Christian ; a
godly person who has much remaining sin and unbelief.
Luke, xxiv. 5. A term of indignity and reproach. 6.
One who counterfeits folly ; a buffoon.
To play the fool. 1. To act the buffoon ; to jest; to make
sport. 2. To act like one void of understanding. — Toput
the fool on, to impose on ; to delude. — To make a fool of,
to frustrate ; to defeat ; to disappoint.
FOOL, V. i. To trifle ; to toy ; to spend time in idleness,
sport or mirth.
FOOL, v.t. 1. To treat with contempt; to disappoint^ to
defeat ; to frustrate ; to deceive ; to impose on. 2. To
infatuate ; to make foolish. Shak. 3. To cheat.
To fool azoay. 1. To spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or with-
out advantage. 2. To spend for things of no value or use ,
to expend improvidently.
FOOL, 71. A liquid made of gooseberries scalded and pound-
ed, with cream. Shak.
t FOOL-BoLD', a. Foolishly bold. Bale.
FOOL'BORN, a. Foolish from the birth. Shak.
FOOLED, j9p. Disappointed; deceived; imposed on.
FOOL'ER-Y, n. 1. The practice of folly; habitual folly;
attention to trifles. 2. An act of folly or weakness. 3.
Object of folly.
FOOL'HAP-PY, a. Lucky without judgment or contriv-
ance. Spenser.
FOOL-HaRD'I-NESS, n. Courage without sense or judg-
ment ; mad rashness. Dryden.
* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O. V, Y. long.—FAn^ F^LL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN5 MARINE^ BlRDh- f Obsolete.
FOO
351
FOR
r FOOL-HXRD'ISE, n. Foolhardiness. Spenser.
FOOL-HARD'Y, a. Daring without judgment j madly rash
and adventurous ; foolishly bold.
FOOL'ING, ppr. Defeating ; disappointing ; deceiving.
FOOL'ISH, a. 1. Void ofunderstanding or sound judgment;
weak in intellect. 2. Unwise ; imprudent ; acting with-
out judgment or discretion in particular things. 3. Pro-
ceeding from folly, or marked with folly ; sUly ; vain ;
trifling. 4. Ridiculous ; despicable. — 5. In Scripture,
wicked ; sinful ; acting without regard to the divine
law and glory, or to one's own eternal happiness. 6.
Proceeding from depravity ; sinful.
FOOL'ISH-LY, adv. 1. Weakly ; without understanding
or judgment ; unwisely ; indiscreetly. 2. Wickedly ;
sinfully.
FOOL'ISH-NESS, n. 1. Folly ; want of understanding. 2.
Foolish practice ; want of wisdom or good judgment.— 3.
In a Scriptural sense, absurdity ; folly.
FOOLS'-€AP, n. A kind of paper of small size.
FOOL'S-PaRS'LEY, n. A plant of the genus athusa.
FOOL'SToNES, n. A plant, the orchis.
FOOL'TRAP, n. A trap to catch fools ; as a flytrap.
FOOT, n. ; plu. Feet. [Sax. /of, fet.] 1. In animal bodies,
the lower extremity of the leg ; the part of the leg which
treads the earth in standing or walking, and by which the
animal is sustained and enabled to step. 2. That which
bears some resemblance to an animal's foot in shape or
office ; the lower end of any thing that supports a body.
3. The lower part; the base. 4. The lower part ; the
bottom. 5. Foundation ; condition ; state. 6. Plan of
establishment ; fundamental principles. — 7. In military
language, soldiers who march and fight on foot ; infantry,
as distinguished from cavalry. 8. A measure consisting
of twelve inches ; supposed to betaken from the length
of a man's foot. — 9. In poetry, a certain number of sylla-
bles, constituting part of a verse. 10. Step ; pace. 11.
Level ; par ; [obs.] 12. The part of a stocking or boot
which receives the foot. — By foot, or, rather, on foot, by
walking; as, to go or pass on foot. — To set on foot, to
originate ; to begin ; to put in motion. Hence, to be on
foot, is to be in motion.
FOOT, V. i. 1. To dance ; to tread to measure or music ; to
skip. 2. To walk ; opposed to ricZe or ^t/.
FOOT, V. t. 1. To kick; to strike with the foot ; to spurn.
2." To settle ; to begin to fix. 3. To tread. 4. To add
the numbers in a column, and set the sum at the foot. 5.
To seize and hold with the foot ; [not used.] 6. To add
or make a foot.
FOOT'BALL, n. 1. A ball, consisting of an inflated bladder,
cased in leather, to be driven by the foot. 2. The sport
or practice of kicking the foot-ball.
FOOT'BAND, n. A band of infantry.
FOOT'BOY, n. A menial ; an attendant in livery.
FQOT'BREADTH, 71. The breadth of the foot.
FOOT'BRID6E, n. A narrow bridge for foot passengers.
Sidney.
FOOT'€LOTH, n. A sumpter cloth. Shak.
F60T'ED, pp. Kicked; trod ; summed up; furnished with
a foot, as a stocking.
FOOT'ED, a. Shaped in the foot. Grew.
FOOTFALL, n. A trip or stiunble. Shak.
FOOT'FiGHT, n. A conflict by persons on foot.
F60T'GUaRDS, n.plu. Guards of infantry.
FOOT'HALT, n. A disease incident to sheep.
FOOT'HoLD, 71. That which sustains the feet firmly ; that
on which one may tread or rest securely.
FOOT'HOT, adv. Immediately ; a word borrowed from
hunting. Oower.
FOOT'ING, ppr. Dancing ; treading ; settling.
FQOT'ING, n. 1. Ground for the foot; that which sustains;
firm foundation to stand on. 2. Support ; root. 3. Basis;
foundation. 4. Place ; stable position. 5. Permanent set-
tlement. 6. Tread ; step ; walk. 7. Dance ; tread to
measure. 8. Steps ; road ; track. 9. State ; condition ;
settlement.
FOOT'LESS, a. Without feet.
FOOT'LI€K-ER, n A mean flatterer; a sycophant; a
fawner. Shak.
FOOT'MAJSr, 71. 1. A soldier who marches and fights on
foot. 2. A menial servant; a runner; a servant in
livery.
FOOT'MAN-SHIP, n. The art or faculty of a runner.
FOOT'MAN-TLE, n. A garment to keep the gown clean
in riding.
FOOT'PACE, n. A slow step, as in walking ; a broad stair.
Johnson.
FOOT'PAD, 71. A highwayman or robber on foot.
FQOT'PaTH, 7t. A narrow path or way for foot passen-
ge'rs only.
FOOT'PLOUGH, n. A kind of swing-plough.
F66T'PoST, n. A post or messenger that travels on foot.
FOOT'RoPE, n. The lower boltrope.
FOOT'ROT, n. An ulcer in the feet of sheep.
FOOT'SoLD-IER, n. A soldier that serves on foot.
FOOT'STALK, n. In botany, a petiole.
FOOT'STALL, n. A woman's stirrup. Johnson.
F06T'STEP, n. 1. A track ; the mark or impression of the
foot. 2. Token ; mark ; visible sign of a course pursued.
— Footsteps, plural. 1. Example. 2. Way; course.
FQOT'STOOL, 71. A stool for the feet ; that which supports
the feet of one when sitting.
FOOT'WA-LING, n. The whole inside planks or lining of
a ship.
FOP, n. [Sp. and Port, guapo.] A vain man, of weak under-
standing and much ostentation ; one whose ambition is to
gain admiration by showy dress and pertuess ; a gay,
trifling man ; a coxcomb.
t FOP'DOO-DLE, 71. An insignificant fellow. Hudibras.
FOP'LING, n. A petty fop. Tickell.
FOP'PER-Y, n. 1. Affectation of show or importance ;
showy folly. 2. Folly ; impertinence. 3. Foolery ; vain
or idle practice ; idle affectation.
FOP'PISH, a. 1. Vain of dress; making an ostentatious
display of gay clothing ; dressing in the extreme of fashion.
2. Vain ; trifling ; aftected in manners.
FOP'PISH-LY, adv. With vain ostentation of dress ; in a
trifling or affected manner.
FOP'PISH-NESS, n. Vanity and extravagance in dress ;
showy vanity.
FOR, prep. [Sax. /or, ox fore ; D. voor ; G. fur 'and vor ; Sw.
fhr; Dan. /or, /or.] 1. Against; in the place of. 2. In
the place of ; instead of; noting substitution. 3. In ex-
change of; notuig one thing taken or given in place of
another. 4. In the place of; instead of. 5. In the char-
acter of; noting resemblance. 6. Towards; with the in-
tention of going to. 7. In advantage of; for the sake of;
on account of. 8. Conducive to ; beneficial to ; in favor
of. 9. Leading or hiducing to, as a motive. 10. Noting
arrival, meeting, coming or possession. 11. Towards the
obtaining of ; in order to the arrival at or possession of.
12. Against; in opposition to ; with a tendency to resist
ahd destroy. 13. Against or on account of; in preven-
tion of. 14. Because ; on account of; by reason of. 15.
With respect or regard to ; on the part of. 16. Through
a certain space; during a certain time. 17. In quest of;
in order to obtain. 18. Accordirjg to; as far as. 19.
Noting meeting, coming together, or reception. 20. To-
wards ; of tendency to. 21. In favor of; on the part or
side of; that is, towards or inclined to. 22. With a view
to obtain ; in order to possess. 23. Towards ; with ten-
dency to, or in favor of. 24. Notwitiistanding ; against ;
in opposition to. 25. For the use of; to be used in ; that
is, towards, noting advantage. 26. In recompense of ; in
return of. 27. In proportion to ; or, rather., looking to-
wards, regarding. 28. By means of. 29. By the want
of. — 30. For my life or heart, though my life were to be
given in exchange, or as the price of purchase. — 31 . jFor to,
denoting purpose ; now obsolete, exce^X in vulgar language.
FOR, conj. 1. The wordby whi'"h a reason is introduced of
something before advanced. 2. Because ; on this account
that ; properly, /or that. — For as much, compounded, /or-
asmuch, is equivalent to, in regard to that, in considera-
tion of. — For why, [Yr.pour quoi,'] because; for this reason.
FOR, as a prefix to verbs, has usually the force of a nega-
tive or privative, denoting against, that is, before, or
away, aside.
FOR'AGE, 71. [Yx.fourrage ; Sp.forrage.] 1. Food of any
kind for horses and cattle ; as, grass, pasture, hay, corn
and oats. 2. The act of provimng forage. 3. Search for
provisions; the act of feeding abroad.
FOR'AGE, V. i. 1. To collect food for horses and cattle, by
wandering about, and feeding or stripping the country
2. To wander far; to rove; [obs.] 3. To ravage; to feed
on spoil .
FOR'AGE, V. t. To strip of provisions for horses, &c.
FOR'A-GER, n. One that goes in search of food for horses
or cattle.
FOR'A-GING, ppr. or a. Collecting provisions for horses
and cattle, or wandering in search of food; ravaging;
stripping.
FOR'A-GING, n. An incursion for forage or plunder.
FO-RAM'IN-OUS, a. [Ij. foramen.] Full of holes ; perfora-
ted in many places ; porous. [Little used.]
FOR-AS-MUCH. See For.
FOR-BAD', jn-et. of forbid.
t FOR-BaTHE', v. t. To bathe. Sackville.
FOR-BEaR', v. i. ; pret. forbore ; pp. forborne. [Sax. for-
bceran.] 1. To stop ; to cease ; to hold from proceedhig.
2. To pause ; to delay. 3. To abstain ; to omit; to hofd
one's self from motion, or entering on an affair. 4. To
refuse; to decline. 5. To be patient; to restrain from
action or violence.
FOR-BEaR', v.t. 1. To avoid voluntarily ; to decline. 2.
To abstain from ; to omit ; to avoid doing. 3. To spare ;
to treat with indulgence and patience. 4. To withhold.
FOR-BEaR'ANCE, n. 1. The act of avoiding, shunning
or omitting. 2. Command of temper ; restraint of pas-
sions. 3. The exercise of patience; long suffering;
* Sst Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this, f Obsolete
FOR
indulgence towards those who injure us ; lenity ; delay of
resentment or punishment.
FOR-BEaR'ER, n. One that intermits or intercepts.
FOR-BEaR'ING, ppr. 1. Ceasing ; pausing ; withholding
from action ; exercising patience and indulgence. 2. a.
k diient ; long suifering.
FOR-BEaR'ING, n. A ceasing or restraining from action ;
patience ; Jong suffering.
FOR-BID', V. t.; pret. forbad; pp. forbid, forbidden. [Sax.
forbeodan.] 1. To prohibit ; to interdict ; to command to
forbear or nr,t to do. 2. To command not to enter. 3. To
oppose , to ninder ; to obstruct. 4. To accurse ; to blast ;
[obs.]
FOR-BID', V. i. To utter a prohibition ; but, in the intransi-
tive form, there is always an ellipsis.
FOR-BID', or FOR-BID'DEIM, jop. 1. Prohibited. 2. Hin-
dered ; obstructed.
FOR-BID'DANCE, n. Prohibition ; command or edict
against a thing. [Little used.] Shak.
FOR-BIU DEN-LY, adv. In an unlawful manner. Shak.
t FOR-BID'DEN-NESS, n. A state of being prohibited.
FOR-BID'DER, n. He or that which forbids or enacts a pro-
hibition.
FOR-BID'DING, ppr. 1. F/ohibiting ; hmdering. 2. a. Re-
pelling approach ; repulsive ; raising abhorrence, aver-
sion or dislike ; disagreeable.
FOR-BID'DING, 71. Hinderance; opposition. Shak.
FOR-BoRE', pret. of forbear.
FOR-BORNE', pp. of forbear.
Force, n. [Ft. force; It. forza.] 1. Strength; active
power ; vigor ; might ; energy that may be exerted, 2.
Momentum ; the quantity of power produced by motion
or the action of one body on another. 3. That which
causes an operation or moral effect •, strength ; energy. 4.
Violence ; power exerted against will or consent ; com-
pulsory power. 5. Strength ; moral power to convince
the mind. 6. Virtue ; efficacy. 7. Validity ; power to
bind or hold. 8. Strength or power for war ; armament ;
troops ; an army or navy. 9. Destiny ; necessity ; com-
pulsion. 10. Internal power. — II. In laip, any unlawful
violence to person or property. — Fkijsicalforceis the force
of material bodies. — Moral force is the power of acting
on the reason in judging and determining. — Mechanical
force As the power that belongs to bodies at rest or in mo-
tion.
Force, v. t. l. To compel ; to constrain to do or to for-
bear, by the exertion of a power not resistible. 2. To
overpower by streng,th. 3. To impel ; to press ; to drive ;
to draw or push by main strength ; a sense of very exten-
sive use. 4. To enforce ; to urge ; to press. 5. To com-
pel by strength of evidence. 6. To storm ; to assault and
take by violence. 7. To ravish ; to violate by force, as a
female. 8. To overstraii^ ; to distort. 9. To cause to
produce ripe fruit prematurely, as a tree ; or to cause to
ripen prematurely, as fruit. 10. To man ; to strengthen
by soldiers ; to garrison ; [o6s.] — To force from^ to wrest
from ; to extort. — To force out, to drive out ; to compel to
issue out or to leave ; also, to extort. — To force wive, is to
fine it l)y a short process, or in a short time. — To force
plants, is to urge che growth of plants by artificial heat. —
To force meat, is to stuff it.
Force, v. L l. To lay stress on ; [obs ] 2. To strive ;
JoJs.] 3. To use violence.
Forced, p;?. l. Compelled ; impelled ; driven by violence;
urged ; stormed ; ravished. 2. a. Affected ; overstrain-
ed ; unnatural.
FoR'CED-LY, adv. Violently ; constrainedly ; unnatu-
rally.
FoR'CED-NESS, n. The state of being forced ; distor-
tion.
FoRCE'FUL, a. 1. Impelled by violence ; driven with
force ; acting with power. 2. Violent ; impetuous.
FoRCE'FUL-LY, adv. Violently ; impetuously.
FoRCE'LESS, a. Having little or no force ; feeble; impo-
tent,
FoRCE'MeAT, 71. A kind of stuffing in cookery.
FOR'CEPS, n. [L.] Literally, a pair of pincers or tongs.
In surgery, an instrument for extracting any thing from
a wound, and for like purposes.
FoR'CER, n. 1. He or that which forces, drives or con-
strains. 2. The embolus of a pump ; the instrument by
which water is driven up a pump.
FoRCI-BLE, a. 1. Powerful; strong; mighty. 2. Vio-
lent ; impetuous ; driving forward with force. 3. Effica-
cious ; active. 4. Powerful; acting with force; im-
pressive. 5. Containing force ; acting by violence. 6.
Done by force; suffered by force. 7. Valid; binding;
obligatory ; [obs.\
FoR'Cl-BLE-NESS, n. Force ; violence.
FoR'CI-BLY, ado. 1. By violence or force, 2, Strongly ;
powerfully ; with power or energy ; impressively, 3.
Impetuously ; violently ; with great strength.
FoR'CING, -ppr. 1. Compelling ; impelling ; driving ;
storming ; ravishing. 2. Causing to ripen before the nat-
352 FOR
ural season, as fruit. ?.. Fining wine by a speedy pro-
cess.
FoR'CING, n. 1. In gardening, the art of raising plants,
flowers and fruits, at an earlier season than the natural
one, by artificial heat. 2. The operation of fining wmea
by a speedy process.
FOR'CI-PA-TED, a. Formed like a pair of pincers, to open
and inclose. Derham.
FOR-CI-Pa'TION, n. Squeezing or tearing with pincers ,
formerly, a mode of punishment. Bacon.
FoRD, 71. [Sax. /ord,/2/rd.] 1. A place in a riyer or other
water, where it may be passed by man or beast on foot,
or by wading. 2. A stream ; a current.
FoRD, V. t. To pass or cross a river or other water by
treading or walking on the bottom ; to pass through water
by wading ; to wade through.
FoRD'A-BLE, a. That may be waded or passed through
on foot, as water.
FoRD'ED, j9;?. Passed through on foot ; waded.
FoRD'ING, ppr. V/ading ; passuig through on foot.
t FOR-D5', V. t. [Sax. fordon.] To destroy ; to undo ; to
ruin ; to weary. Chaucer.
FORE, a. [Sax. fore, for an ; G. vor ; D. voor ; Sw. fbr ;
Dan. for.] Advanced ; being or coming in advance of
something ; coming first ; anterior; preceding; prior; an-
tecedent ; being in front or towards the face.
FORE, adv. In the part that precedes or goes first. — In sea-
men''s language, fore and aft signifies the whole length of
the ship, or from end to end, from stem to stern. — Fore^
in composition, denotes, for the most part, priority of
time ; sometimes, advance in place.
FORE-AD-MON'ISH, v. t. To admonish beforehand, or be.
fore the act or event.
FORE-AD-VTSE', v. t. To advise or counsel before the
time of action or before the event ; to preadmonish.
FORE-AL-LEDGE', (fore-al-lej') v. t. To alledge before.
FORR-AP-POINT', v. t. To appoint beforehand.
FORE-AP-POINT'MENT, m. Previous appointment; pre-
ordination.
FORE-ARM', V. t. To arm or prepare for attack or resist-
ance before the time of need.
FORE-BoDE', v. t. 1, To foretell ; to prognosticate. 2.
To foreknow ; to be prescient of ; to feel a secret sense
of some_thing future.
FORE-BoDE'MENT, n. A presaging ; presagement.
FORE-BoD'ER, n. 1. One who forebodes ; a prognosticator ;
a soothsayer. ' 2. A foreknower.
FORE-BoD^ING, ppr. Prognosticating ; foretelling ; fore-
knowing.
FORE-BoD'ING, n. Prognostication.
FoRE'BRACE, n. A rope applied to the fore yard-arm to
change the position of the fore-sail.
tF0RE-B5^', ^rep. Near; hard by ; fast by. Spenser.
FORE-CAST', t'. t. 1. To foresee ; to provide against. 2
To scheme ; to plan before execution. 3. To adjust, con-
trive or appoint beforehand.
FORE-CAST', w. i. To form a scheme previously; to con-
trive beforehand.
FoRE'CAST, 71. Previous contrivance ; foresight, or the
antecedent determination proceeding from it.
FORE-€AST'ER, n. One who foresees or contrives before-
hand.
FORE-CAST'ING, ppr. Contriving previously.
FoRE'CAfe-TLE, n. A short deck in the forepart of a ship
above the upper deck.
FORE-CHo'SEN, (fore-cho'zn) a. Preelected ; chosen be-
forehand.
FORE-CiT'ED, a. Cited or quoted before or above.
FORE-CLoSE', v. t. To shut up ; to preclude ; to stop ; to
prevent, — To foreclose a mortgager, in law^ is to cut him off
from his equity of redemption.
FORE-€LoS'URE, (fore-klo'zhur) n. 1. Prevention. 2.
The act of foreclosing.
FORE-€ON-CeIVE', v. t. To preconceive. Bacon.
FORE-DATE', v. t. To date before the true time.
PORE-DaT'ED,jp;?, Dated before the true time.
FoRE'DECK, 7). The forepart of a deck, or of a ship,
FORE-DE-SiGN', (fore-de-slne'/^j. t. To plan beforehand ,
to intend previously. Chcijne.
FORE-DE-TERM'iNE, v. t. To decree beforehand.
FORE-DOOM', v.t. To doom beforehand ; to predestinate
DrTjden.
FORE-DOOM', 7!. Previous doom or sentence.
FORE-DoOR', n. The door in the front of a house.
FORE-END', 71. The anterior part. Bacon.
FORE-El,'DER, 71. [fore and elder.] An ancestor.
* FORE-FA'THER, 71. An ancestor ; one who precedes an-
other in the line of genealogy, in any degree ; usually in
a remote degree.
FORE-FEND', v. t. 1, To hinder ; to fend off; to avert ; to
prevent approach ; to forbid or prohibit. Drydcn. 2. To
defend ; to guard ; to secure.
* FORE-FIN'GER, n. The finger next to the thumb ; the in-
dex.
* See S-ynopsis. A, E, I, O, "0, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD )— f Obsolete.
FOR
353
FOR
FORE-FLo W, V t. To flow before. Dryden.
FoRE'FOOT, 71. 1. One of the anterior feet of a quadru-
ped or multiped. 2. A hand, in contempt. 3. In a ship,
a piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore-end.
F0RE-FR6NT', n. The foremost part
FoRE'GAME, n. A first game ; first plan. Whitlock.
FORE-Go', V. t. 1. To forbear to possess or enjoy ; volun-
tarily to avoid the enjoyment of good. 2. To give up j to
renounce ; to resign. 3. To lose. 4. To go before ; to
precede ■,\obs.']
FORE-Go'ER, 71. 1. An ancestor; a progenitor; [ofe.] 2.
One who goes before another. 3. One who forbears to
enjoy.
FORE-GoTNG, ppr. 1. Forbearing to have, possess or en-
joy. 2 a. Preceding; going before, in time or place;
antecedent.
FORE-GONE', ^p. 1. Forborne to be possessed or enjoyed.
2. Gone before ; past ; \_obs.']
FoRE'GROUND, n. The part of the field or expanse of a
picture which seems to lie before the figures.
FORE-GUESS', v. t. To conjecture. Sherwood
FoRE'HAND, n. 1. The part of a horse which is before
the rider. 2. The chief part.
Forehand, a. Done sooner than is regular.
FoRE'HAND-ED, a. ]. Early; timely; seasonable. Tay-
lor. — 2. In America, in good circumstances as to property ;
free from debt and possessed of property ; as, a forehand-
ed farmer. 3. Formed in the foreparts.
FORE'ilEAD, (for'hed, or rather, for'ed) «. 1. The part of
the face which extends from the hair on the top of the
head to the eyes. 2. Impudence ; confidence ; assurance ;
audaciousness.
FORE'HEAD-BALD, a. Bald above the forehead.
FORE-HeAR', v i. To be informed before.
fFORE-HEND', v. t. To seize. Spenser.
FORE-HEW', V. t. To hew or cut in front. SacJcville.
f FORE-HoLD'ING, n. Predictions ; ominous forbodings ;
superstitious prognostications.
FoRE'HOOK, n. In ships, a breast-hook.
FoRE'HORSE, n. The horse in a team which goes fore-
most.
FOR'EIGN, (for'en) a. [Ft. forain.] 1. Belonging to an-
other nation or country ; alien ; not of the country in
which one resides ; extraneous. 2. Produced in a distant
country or jurisdiction ; coming from another country.
3. Remote ; not belonging ; not connected. 4. Imperti-
nent ; not pertaining ; not to the purpose. 5. Excluded ;
not admitted ; lield at a distance. 6. Extraneous ; adven-
titious ; not native or natural. — 7. In law, a foreign at-
tachment is an attachment of the goods of a foreigner, for
the satisfaction of a debt due to a citizen ; or an attachment
of the money or goods of a debtor, in the hands of another
person. — Foreign plea, a plea or objection to a judge as
incompetent to try the question, on the ground that it is
not within his jurisdiction.
FOR'EIGN-ER, (for'en-er) n. A person born in a foreign
country, or without the country or jurisdiction of which
one speaks.
FOR'EIGN-NESS, (for'en-nes) n. Remoteness: want of
relation.
FORE-IM-AGINE, v. t. To conceive or fancy before
proof, or beforehand.
FORE-JUDGE', (fore-juj') v. t. 1. To prejudge ; lo judge
beforehand, or before hearing the facts and proof. — '2. In
law, to expel from a court, for mal-practice or non-appear-
ance.
FORE-JUDG'MENT, n. Judgment previously formed.
FORE-KNoW', v.t. To have previous knowledge of; to
foresee.
FORE-KNoW'A-BLE, a. That may be foreknown.
FORE-KNoW'ER. n. One that foreknows.
FORE-KNOWL'EDGE, n. Knowledge of a thing before it
happens ; prescience.
FOR'EL, n. A kind of parchment for the cover of books.
FoRE'LAND, n. A promontory or cape ; a point of land
extending into the sea ; a head land.
FORE-LaY', v.t. 1. To lay wait for; to entrap by ambush.
2. To contrive antecedently.
FORE-LkAD'ER, 7!. One who leads others.
FoRE-LEND', v. t. To lend or give beforehand.
f FORE-LIFT', '0. t. To raise aloft any anterior part. Spen-
ser.
FoRI!'LO€K, n. 1. The lock or hair that grows from the
for'ipart of the head. — 2. In sea language, a little flat
pouted wedge of iron, used at the end of a bolt, to retain
it lirmlv in its place.
FORE-LOOK', V. t. To look beforehand or forward.
Fo?IE'MAN, n. 1. The first or chief man ; particularly, the
chief man of a jury. 2. The chief man in a printing of-
fice or other establishment.
FoRE'MAST, 71. The mast of a ship or other vessel which
is placed in the forepart or forecastle, and carries the fore-
sail and foretopsail yards.
FORE-IVIEANT', (fore-menf) a. Intended beforehand.
FORE-MEN 'TIONED, a. Mentioned before; recited or
written in a former part of the same discourse.
FoRE'MOST, a. I. First in place; most advanced. 2
First in dignity.
FoRE'MoTH-ER, n. A female ancestor. Prideaux.
FoRE'NaMED, a. 1. Named or nominated before. 2
Mentioned before in the same writing or discourse.
FoRE'NOON, 71. The former part of the day, from the
morning to meridian or noon.
F0RE-i\^O'TlCE, 71. Notice or information of an event be.
fore it happens. B.yrner.
FO-REN'Si€, a. [Ij. forensis.] Belonging to courts of judi-
cature ; used in courts or legal proceedings.
FORE-OR-DaIN', v. t. To ordain or appoint beforehand ;
to preordain ; to predestinate ; to predetermine.
FORE-OR-DI-Na'TION, 71. Previous ordination or appoint
inent ; predetermination ; predestination.
FoRE'PART, n. 1. The part first in time. 2. The part
most advanced in place ; the anterior part. 3. The be
ginning.
FoRE PASSED, } a. Passed before a certain time. \Littlc
FoRE'PAST, \ tised.]
FORE-POS-SESS'ED, (fore-poz-zesf) a. Holding formerly
m possession ; also, preoccupied ; prepossessed ; preen-
gaged.
FORTE-PRiZE', v. t. To prize or rate beforehand.
FORE-PROM'ISED, a. Promised beforehand ; preen-
gaged.
FORE-aUoT'ED, a. Cited before ; quoted in a foregoing
pai-t of the work.
FoRE'RANK, n. The first rank ; the front. Shak.
FORE-ReACH' upon, v. t. In navigation, to gain or ad-
vance upon in progression or motion.
tFORE-READ', v.t. To signify by tokens. Spenser.
FORE-ReAD'ING, n. Previous perusal. Hales.
FORE-RE-ClT'ED, a. Named or recited before.
FORE-RE-MEM'BERED, a. Called to mind previously.
FORE'RIGHT, a. Ready ; forward ; quick. Massinger.
FoRE'RIGHT, adv. Right forward ; onward.
FORE-RUN', V. t. 1. To advance before ; to come before
as an earnest of something to follow ; to introduce as a
harbinger. 2. To precede ; to have the start of.
FORE-RUN'NER, 71. 1. A messenger sent before to give
notice of the approach of others ; a harbinger. 2. An an-
cestor or predecessor; [o&j.] 3. A prognostic; a sign
foreshowing something to follow.
FoRE SAID, (fore'sed) a. Spoken before. See Aforesaid.
FoRE'SAIL, 71. A sail extended on the foreyard, which is
supported by the foremast.
FORE-SaY', v. t. To predict; to foretell. Shak
FORE-SaY'ING, n. A prediction. Sherwood.
FORE-SEE', V. t. To see beforehand ; to see or know an
event before it happens; to have prescience of : to fore-
know.
FORE-SEEING, ppr. Seeing before the event.
FORE-SEEN', pp. Seen beforehand.
FORE-SEER', n. One who foresees or foreknows.
FORE-SeIZE', v. t. To seize oeforehand.
FORE-SHAD'oW, v. t. To shadow or tvpify beforehand.
FORE-SHaME', v. t. To shame ; to bring reproach on.
FORE-SHEW. Sec Foreshow.
FoRE'SHIP, 7!. The forepart of a ship. Jlcts xxvii.
FORE-SHORT'EN, v. t. In painting, to shorten figures for
the sake of showing those behind.
FORE-SHORT'EN-ING, n. In painting, the act of shorten-
ing figures for the sake of showing those behind.
FORE-SHoW, V. t. 1. To show beforehand ; to progno.sti
cate. 2. To predict; to foretell. 3. To represent before
hand.
FORE-SHoW'ER, n. One who predicts
FORE-SHROUD.?', n. The shrouds of a ship attached to the
foremast.
FoRE'SIDE, n. The front side ; also, a specious outside.
FoRE'SlGHT, n. 1. Prescience ; foreknowledge ; prog-
nostication ; the act of foreseeing. 2. Provident care of
futurity ; foreknowledge accompanied with prudence.
FORE-SlGHT'FUL, a. Prescient ; provident.
FORE-SIG'NI-FY, v. t. To signify beforehand ; to betoken
previously ; to foreshow ; to typify.
FoRE'SKIN, 71. The skin that covers the glans penis ; the
prepuce.
FoRE'SKiRT, n. The loose and pendulous part of a coat
before. Shak.
t FORE-SLACK', v. t. To neglect by idleness. Spenser.
t FORE-SLoW, V. t. I. To delay ; to hinder; to impede ,
to obstruct^ 2. To neglect ; to omit.
t FORE-SLoW', V. i. To be dilatory ; to loiter. Shak.
FORE-SPeAK', v. t. 1. To foresay ; to foreshow ; to fore-
tell or predict.. 2. To forbid ; [not used.] 3. To bewitch •
[not used.]
t FORE-SPeAK'ING, 71. A prediction ; also, a preface.
t FORE-SPEECH', n. A preface. Sherwood.
FORE-SPENT', a. I. Wasted in strength ; tired ; exhaust
ed. 2. Past; [little used.] Spenser
* See Synopsis
MOVE, BOOK, Dove ;— bull, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete .
FOR
354
FOR
FORE-SPUR'RER, n. One that rides before. Shak.
POR'EST, 71. [It. foresta; Fr. forSt; Arm. forest.] 1. An
extensive wood, or a -large tract of land covered with
trees. — In America, the word is usually applied to a wood
of native growth. It differs from wood or woods chiefly
in extent — 2. In law, in Great Britain, a certain territory
of woody grounds and pastures, privileged for wild beasts
and fowls of forest, chase and warren, to rest and abide
in, under the protection of the king, for his pleasure.—
Forest laws, laws for governing and regulating forests,
and preserving game. England.
FOR'EST, V. t. To cover with trees or wood.
FOR'EST, a. Sylvan ; rustic. Sir G. Buck.
FoRE'STAFF, n. An instrument used at sea, for taking
the altitudes of heavenly bodies.
FoRE'STAGE, n. An ancient service paid by foresters to
the king ; also, the right of foresters.
FORE-STALL', v. t. L To anticipate ; to take beforehand.
2. To hinder by preoccupation oi" prevention. — 3. In too,
to buy or bargain for corn, or provisions of any kind, be-
fore they arrive at the market or fair, with intent to sell
them at higher prices. 4. To deprive by something pri-
or; [not in use.]
FORE-STALL'ED, (fore-stawld') pp. Anticipated ; hinder-
ed purchased before arrival in market.
FORE-STALL'ER, n. One who forestalls.
FORE-STALL'ING, ppr. Anticipating ; hindering ; buying
provisions before they arrive in market, with, intent to
sell them at higher prices.
FORE-STALL'ING, n. Anticipation ; prevention ; the act
of buying provisions before they are offered in market,
with intent to sell them at higher prices.
FoRE'STAY, 7i. In a ship's rigging, a large, strong rope
reaching from the foremast head towards the bowsprit end,
to support the mast.
FOR'EST-BORN, .5 Born in a wild. Skak.
FOR'EST-ED, pp. Covered with trees ; wooded.
FOR'EST-ER, n. 1. In England, an ofRcer appointed to
watch a forest and preserve the game. 2. An inhabitant
of a forest. 3. A forest tree.
{fOReIwat'^' i "" Exhausted by heat. Sidney.
FoRE'TAe-KLE, n. The tackle on the foremast.
FoRE'TASTE, 71. A taste beforehand ; anticipation.
FORE-TaSTE', v. t. I. To taste before possession ; to have
previous enjoyment or experience of something ; to anti-
cipate. 2. To taste before another.
FORE-TaST'ED, ;7;j. Tasted beforehand. Milton.
FORE-TaST'ER, 71, One that tastes beforehand.
FORE-TaST'ING, ppr. Tasting before.
FORE-TeACH', v. t. To teach beforehand. Spenser.
FORE-TELL', v.t. 1. To predict ; to tell before an event
happens ; to prophesy. 2. To foretoken ; to foreshow.
Warton.
FORE-TELL', v. i. To utter prediction or prophecy.
FORE-TELL'ER, n. One who predicts or prophesies ; a
foreshower. Boyle.
FORE-TELL'ING, 7!. Prediction.
FORE-THINK', v. t. I. To think beforehand ; to anticipate
in the mind. 2. To contrive beforehand.
FORE-THINK', v. i. To contrive beforehand.
FORE-THOUGHT', (fore-thawf) pref. of forethink.
FoRE'THOUGHT, (fore'thawt) n. 1. A thinking before-
hand ; anticipation ; prescience ; premeditation. 2. Prov-
ident care.
FORE-To'KEN, v. t. To foreshow ; to presignify ; to prog-
nosticate.
FORE-To'KEN, n. Prognostic ; previous sign.
FoRE'TOOTH, n. ; plu. Foreteeth. One of the teeth in
the forepart of the mouth ; an incisor.
FoRE'TOP, n. 1. The hair on the forepart of the head. 2.
That part of a woman's headdress that is forward, or the
top of a periwig. — 3. In ships, the platform erected at the
head of the foremast.
FORE-TOP'-MAST, n. The mast erected at the head of the
foremast, and at the head of which stands the foretop-gal-
lant-mast.
FOR-EV'ER, adu. [for and ever.] Eternally ; to perpetu-
ity ; during everlasting continuance.
FORE-VOUCH'ED, (fore-vouchf) pp. Affirmed before;
formerly told. Shak.
FoRE'WARD, n. The van ; the front.
FORE-WARN, v.t. 1. To admonish beforehand. 2. To
inform previously ; to give previous notice. 3. To caution
beforehand.
FORE-WARNED, (fore-wornd') p;?. Admonished, caution-
ed vt informed beforehand.
FORE-WARN'ING, ppr. Previously admonishing or inform-
ing.
FORE-WARN'ING, n. Previous admonition, caution or no-
tice.
t FORE-WEND', v. t. To go before. Spenser.
FoRE'WIND, 71. A favorable wind. Sandys.
FORE-WISH'', V. t To wish beforehand. Knollcs.
FoRE'WOM-AN, n. A woman who is chief. Tatler.
FORE-WoRN', pp. Worn out ; wasted or obliterated by
time or use. Sidney.
FOR'FEIT, (for'fit) v.t. [Fr.forf aire, forf ait.] To lose,
or render confiscable, by some fault, offense or crime ; to
lose the right to some species of property, or that which
belongs to one ; to alienate the right to possess by some
neglect or crime.
FOR'FEIT, (for fit) n. [Fr. forf ait ; W.forfed.] 1. That
which is forfeited or lost, or the right to which is alienat-
ed by a crune, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of con-
tract ; hence, a fine ; a mulct ; a penalty. 2. One whose
life is forfeited ; [not used.]
FOR'FEIT, part. a. used for forfeited. Lost or alienated
for an offense or crime ; liable to penal seizure.
FOR'FEIT-A-BLE, a Liable to be forfeited ; subject to for-
feiture.
FOR'FEIT-ED, pp. Lost or alienated by an offense, crime
or breach of condition.
FOR'FEIT-ER, n. One who incurs punishment by forfeitins
his bond. Shak
FOR'FEIT-ING, ppr Alienating or losing, as a right, by an
offense, crime or breach of condition.
FOR'FEIT-URE, n. I. The act of forfeiting. 2. That which
is forfeited ; an estate forfeited ; a fine or mulct.
fFOR-FEND', V. t. To prevent ; to forbid.
FOR'FEX, 71. [L.] A pair of scissors. Pope.
FOR-GaVE', pret. of forgive, which see.
FoR6E, 71. [Ft. forge.] 1. A furnace in which iron or
other metal is heated and hammered into form. 2. Any
place where any thing is made or shaped. 3. The act of
beating or working iron or steel ; the manufacture of me-
talline bodies.
FoRCfE, V. t. 1. To form by heating and hammering ; to
beat into any particular shape, as a metal. 2. To make
by any means. 3. To make falsely ; to falsify ; to coun
terfeit ; to make in the likeness of something else.
FoRGED, pp. Hammered ; beaten into shape ; made ; coun
terfeited.
FoRG'ER, n. 1, One that makes or forms. 2. One who
counterfeits ; a falsifier.
FoR6'ER-Y, n. 1. The act of forging or working metal into
shape ; [ohs.] 2. The act of falsifying ; the crime of coun-
terfeiting. 3. That which is forged or counterfeited.
FOR-GET', v. t. ; pret. forgot ; [forgot, obs.] pp. forgot,
forgotten. [Sax. forgetan, forgitan, forgijtaji.] 1. To lose
the remembrance of; to let go from the memory. 2. To
slight ; to neglect.
FOR-GET'FUL, a. 1. Apt to forget ; easily losing the re-
membrance of. 2. Heedless ; careless ; neglectful ; inat-
tentive. 3. Causing to forget ; inducing oblivion ; oblivi-
ous.
FOR-GET'FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being apt to let
any thing slip from the mind. 2. Loss of remembrance or
recollection ;' a ceasing to remember; oblivion. 3. Neg-
lect; negligence ; careless omission ; inattention.
t FoR6'E-TiVE, a. [from forge.] That may forge or pro-
duce. Shak.
FOR-GET'TER, 7!. One that forgets ; a heedless person.
FOR-GET'TING, ppr. Losing the remembrance of.
FOR-(JET'TING, n. The act of forgetting ; forgetfulness ;
inattention.
FOR-GET'TING-LY, adv. By forgetting or forgetfulness.
FOR-GIV'A-BLE, a. That may be pardoned.
FOR-GlVE , V. t, ; pret. forgave ; pp. forgiven, [for and
give ; Sax.forgifan.] 1. To pardon ; to remit, as an of-
fense or debt ; to overlook an offense, and treat the of-
fender as not guilty. It is to be noted that pardon, like
forgive, may be followed by the name or person, and oy
"the"oftense ; but remit can be followed by the offense only.
We forgive or pardon the man, but we do not remit him.
2. To remit as a debt, fine or penalty.
FOR-GIV'EN, pp. Pardoned ; remitted.
FOR^GtVE'NESS, n. 1. The act of forgiving ; the pardon
of an offender, by which he is considered and treated as
not guilty. 2. The pardon or remission of an offense or
crune. 3. Disposition to pardon ; willingness to forgive.
4. Remission of a debt, fine or penalty.
FOR-GTV'ER, n. One who pardons or remits.
FOR-GIV'ING, ppr. 1. Pardoning; remitting. 2. a. Dis-
posed to forgive ; inclined to overlook offenses ; mild j
merciful ; compassionate.
T^^OR-COT- }
FOrIgOT'TEN, i J^- of/or^e«.
t FOR-HaIL', v. t. To draw or distress. Spenser.
FO-RIN'SE-€AL, a. ['L.forinsecus.] Foreign ; alien. [Little
used.]
FO-RIS-FA-MIL'IATE, 7J. «. [1,. foris and familia.] To
renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal inher-
itance.
FO-RIS-FA-MIL-I-A'TION, n. When a chUd has received
a portion of his father's estate, and renounces all title to a
further share, his act is calleA forisfamiliation
FORK, n. [Sax. /ore] 1. An "instrument consisting of a
* See Synopsis. A, E, l, 6, ^y ^, long.—FAn, FALL, WH.\T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;f- f Obsolete
FOR
355
FOR
handle, and a blade of metal, divided into two or more
points or prongs. 2. A point. 3. Forks, in the plural,
the point where a road parts into two ; and the point
where a river divides, or rather where two rivers meet
and unite in one stream. Each branch is called a. fork.
FORK, V. i. 1. To shoot into blades, as corn. Mortimer. 2.
To divide into two.
FORK, V. t. 1. To raise or pitch with a fork, as hay. 2. To
dig and break ground with a fork. 3. To make sharp ; to
point.
FORKED, pp. 1. Raised, pitched or dug with a fork. 2. a.
Opening into two or more parts, points or shoots. 3. Hav-
ing two or more meanings ; [not in use.]
FORK'ED-LY, adv. In a forked form.
FORK'ED-NESS, n. The quality of opening mto two or
more parts.
FORK'HE AD, n. The point of an arrow. Spenser.
FORK'TaIL, n. A salmon, in h\a fourth year's growth.
[Local.]
FORK'Y, a. Forked ; furcated ; opening into two or more
parts, shoots or points. Pope.
t FOR-LoRE', a. Forlorn.
FOR-LORN', a. [Sax. forloren.] 1. Deserted ; destitute ;
stripped or deprived ; forsaken. Hence, lost ; helpless ;
wretched ; solitary. 2. Taken away ; [obs.] 3. Small ;
despicable ; in a ludicrous sense. — Forlorn hope, properly,
a desperate case ; hence, in military affairs, a detachment
of men appointed to lead in an assault, or perform other
service attended vvith uncommon peril.
FOR-LORN',??. A lost, forsaken, solitary person.
FOR-LORN'N'ESS, n. Destitution ; misery ; a forsaken or
wretched condition. Boyle.
t FOR-LYE', V. i. To lye before. Spenser.
FORI^, n. [L. forma ; Y^. forme.] 1. The shape or exter-
nal appearance of a body ; the figure, as defined by lines
and angles. 2. Manner of arranging particulars ; disposi-
tion of particular things. 3. Model ; draught ; pattern.
4. Beauty ; elegance ; splendor ; dignity. 5. Regularity ;
method ; order. 6. External appearance without the essen-
tial qualities ; empty show. 7. Stated method ; establish-
ed practice ; ritual or prescribed mode. 8. Ceremony.
9. Determinate shape. 10. Likeness ; image. 11. Man-
ner ; system. 12. Manner of arrangement j disposition of
component parts. 13. A long seat ; a bench without a
back. — 14. In schools, a class ; a rank of students. 15.
The seat or bed of a hare. 16. A mold ; something to
give shape, or on which things are fashioned. — 17. In
printing, an assemblage of types, composed and arranged
in order, disposed into pages or columns, and inclosed and
locked in a chase, to receive an impression. — 18. Essen-
tial form is that mode of existence which constitutes a
thing what it is, and without which it could not exist.
FORM, v.t. [L.formo.] 1. To make or cause to exist.
2. To shape ; to mold or fashion into a particular shape or
state. 3. To plan ; to scheme ; to modify. 4. To arrange ;
to combine in a particular manner. 5. To adjust ; to set-
tle. 6. To contrive ; to invent. 7. To make up ; to frame ;
to settle by deductions of reason. 8. To mold ; to model
by instruction and discipline. 9. To combine ; to unite
individuals into a collective body. 10. To make ; to
establish. 11. To compile. 12. To constitute ; to make.
— 13. In grammar, to make by derivation, or by affixes or
prefixes. 14. To enact ; to make ; to ordain.
FORM, V. i. To take a form.
FORM'AL, a. 1. According to form ; agreeable to establish-
ed mode ; regular ; methodical. 2. Strictly ceremonious ;
precise ; exact to affectation. 3. Done in due form, or
w^ith solemnity ; express ; according to regular method ;
not incidental, sudden or irregular. 4. Regular ; methodi-
cal. 5. Having the form or appearance without the sub-
stance or essence ; external. 6. Depending on customary
forms. 7. Having the power of making a thing what it
is; constituent; essential. 8. Retaining its proper and
essential characteristic ; regular ; proper.
FORM'AL-ISM, n. Formality. Burke.
FORM'AL-IST, n. 1. One who observes forms. 2. One who
regards appearances only, or observes the forms of wor-
ship, without possessing the life and spirit of religion ; a
liypocrite.
FOR-MAL'I-TY, n. 1. The practice or observance of forms.
2. Ceremony ; mere conformity to customary modes. 3.
Established order ; rule of proceeding ; mode ; method.
4. Order ; decorum to be obsei-ved ; customary mode of
behavior. 5. Customary mode of dress ; habit, robe. 6.
External appearance. 7. Essence ; the quality which
constitutes a thing what it is. — 8. In the schools, the man-
ner in which a thing is conceived.
t FORM'AL-iZE, v.t. To model. Hooker.
FORM' AL-IZE, v. i. To affect formality. [Little used.]
FORM'AL-LY, adv. 1. According to established form, rule,
order, rite or ceremony. 2. Ceremoniously ; stiffly ; pre-
cisely. 3. In open appearance ; in a visible and apparent
state. 4. Essentially ; characteristically.
FOR-Ma'TION, ?i. [Fr. ; L. /ormatio.] 1. The act of form-
ing or making ; the act of creating or causing to exist ; the
operation of shaping and giving form. 2. Generation,
production. 3. The manner in which a thing is formed.
— 4. In grammar, the act or manner of forming one word
from another.
FORM'A-TlVE, a. 1. Giving form ; having the power of
giving form ; plastic. — 2. In grammar, serving to form j
derivative ; not radical ; as, a termination merely forma-
tive.
FORMED, pp. Made; shaped; molded, planned; airang-
ed ; combined; enacted; constituted.'
FORM'E-DON, n. [L. forma doni.] A writ for the recovery
of lands by statute of Westminster. Eng. law.
FORM'ER, n. He that forms ; a maker ; an author.
FOR MER, a. comp. deg. [Sax. form, forma.] 1 . Before in
time ; preceding another or something else in ordor of
time ; opposed to latter. 2. Past, and frequently ancient,
long past. 3. Near the beginning ; preceding. 4. Men-
tioned before another.
FOR'MER-LY, adv. In time past, either in time immediate-
ly preceding, or at any indefinite distance ; of old ; here-
tofore.
FORM'FpL, a. Ready to form ; creative ; imaginative.
FOR'MI-ATE, n. [from L,. formica.] A neutral salt, com-
posed of the formic acid and a base.
FOR'MIC, a. [L,. formica.] Pertaining to ants ; as, the for-
mic acid, the acid of ants.
FOR-MI-€a'TION, «. [L. formicatio.] A sensation of the
body resembling that made by the creeping of ants on the
skin.
FORM'I-DA-BLE, a. [1,. formidabilis.] Exciting fear or ap-
prehension ; impressing dread ; adapted to excite fear, and
deter from approach, encounter or undertaking.
FORM'I-DA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being formida-
ble, or adapted to excite dread.
FORM'I-DA-BLY, adv. In a manner to impress fear.
FOR'MILL, V. t. To order. Craven dialect.
FORM'LESS, a. Shapeless ; without a determinate form
wanting regularity of shape. Shak.
t F0R-M5s'I-TY, 71. [L. formositas.] Beauty ; fairness.
Cockeram.
FORM'U-LA, or FORM'ULE, n. [L.] 1. A prescribed
form ; a rule or model. — 2. In medicine, a prescription. —
3. In church affairs, a confession of faith. — 4. In mathe-
matics, a general expression for resolving certain cases or
problems.
FORM'U-LA-RY, ?i. [Yx.formulaire.] 1. A book contain-
ing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations,
prayers and the like ; a book of precedents. 2. Prescrib-
ed form.
FORM'TJ-LA-RY, a. Stated ; prescribed ; ritual.
FORN'I-€ATE, or FORN'I-€A-TED, a. [L. fornicatus.]
Arched ; vaulted like an oven or furnace.
FORN'I-€ATE, v. i. [L. fornicor.] To commit lewdness,
as an unmarried man or woman, or as a married man
with an unmarried woman.
FOR-NI-€a'TION, TO. [L.fornicatio.] 1. The incontinence
or lewdness of unmarried persons, male or female ; also,
the criminal conversation of a married man with an un-
married woman. 2. Adultery. Matt. v. 3. Incest. 4.
Idolatry ; a forsaking of the true God, and worshiping of
idols. 2 Chron. xxi. 5. An arching ; the forming of a
vault.
FORN'I-€A-TOR, n. 1. An unmarried person, male or fe-
male, who has criminal conversation with the other sex ;
also, a married man who has sexual commerce with an
unmarried woman. [See Adultery.] 2. A lewd person.
3. An idolater.
FORN'I-€A-TRESS, n. An unmarried female guilty of
lewdness.
f FOR-PASS', V. i. To go by ; to pass unnoticed. Spender.
+ FOR-PlNE', V. i. To pine or waste away. Spenser.
t FOR-RaY', v. t. To ravage. Spenser.
t FOR-RaY', n. The act of ravaging.
FOR-SaKE', v. t. ; -pret. forsook ; pp. forsaken. [Sax. for-
sacan, forscBcan.] 1. To quit or leave entirely ; to desert ;
to abandon ; to depart from. 2. To abandon ; to re-
nounce ; to reject. 3. To leave ; to withdraw from ; to
fail. — 4. In Scripture, God forsakes his people, when he
withdraws his aid, or the light of his countenance.
FOR-SaK'ER, n. One that forsakes or deserts.
FOR-SaK'EN, pp. Deserted ; left ; abandoned.
FOR-SaK'ING, ppr. Leaving or deserting
FOR-SaK'ING, n. The act of deserting ; dereliction
t FOR-SaY', v. t. To forbid ; to renounce. Spenser.
t FOR-SLACK', v. t. To delay. Spenser.
FOR-SOOTH', adv. [Sax. forsothe.] In truth ; in fact, cer-
tainly ; very well.
t FORS'TER, 7). A forester. Chaucer.
FOR-SWEaR', v. t. ; pret. forsicore ; pp. forsworn [Sax
forswmrian.] 1. To reject or renounce upon oath- 2 To
deny upon oath. Dryden. — To forswear one^s self, is to
swear falsely ; to perjure one's self.
FOR-SWEaR', v. i. To swear falsely ; to commit perjury.
* See Synopsis. MOVE BOOK, D6VE -BULL. UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as In tkis. j Ohsolcis
FOR
356
FOS
FXDR-SWEaR'ER, n. One who rejects on oath ; one who is
perjured ;_one that swears a false oath.
FOR-SWEaR ING, ppr. Denying on oath ; swearing
falsely.
t FOR-SWONK', a. [Sax. swincan.] Overlabored. Spenser,
FOR-SWGREi,pret. of forswear.
FOR-SWoRN'j pp. of forswear. Renounced on oath ; per-
jured.
FOR-SWoRN'NESS, n. The state of bemg forsworn.
FoRT, 71. [Fr. fort ; It., Port, forte.] 1. A fortified place ;
a place surrounded with means of defense ; any building
or place fortified ; a castle. 2. A strong side, opposed to
weak side or foible.
FoR'TE, adv. [Ital.] A direction to sing with strength of
voice.
FoRT'ED, a. Furnished with forts ; guarded by forts.
Forth, adv [Sax. forth; G.fort.] 1. Forward; onward
in time ; in advance. 2. Forward in place or order. 3.
Out ; abroad ; noting progression or advance from a state
of confinement. 4. Out ; away ; beyond the boundary of
% place. 5. Out into public view, or public character. 6.
Thoroughly ; from beginning to end ; [obs.] 7. On to the
end ; [obs.]
Forth, prep. Out of. Shak.
t FORTH, n. [Su.Goth. fort.] Away.
FoRTH-€6M'ING, a Ready to appear ; making appear-
ance.
f FOR-THINK', V. t. To repent of. Spenser.
FoRTH-IS'SU-ING, a. Issuing 5 coming out ; coming for-
ward as from a covert. Pope.
t FoRTH-RiGHT', adv. Straight forward ; in a straight di-
rection. Sidney.
t FoRTH-RlGHT', n. A straight path. Shak.
FoRTH'WARD, adv. Forward. Bp. Fisher.
FORTH -WITH', adv. Immediately; without delay; di-
rectly.
fFoRiTHY, adv. [Sax. forthi.] Therefore. Spenser.
FOR'TI-ETH, a. The fourth tenth ; noting the number next
after the thirty-ninth.
FOR'TI-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be fortified. [Little used.]
FOR-TI-PI-€a'TION, n. 1. Tlie act of fortifying. 2. The
art or science of fortifying places to defend them against
an enemy. 3. The works erected to defend a place
against attack. 4. A fortified place ; a fort ; a castle. 5.
Additional strength.
FOR'TI-Fl-ER, 71. 1. One who erects works for defense.
2. One who strengthens, supports and upholds ; that
which strengthens.
FOR'TI-FY, v.t. [Fr. fortifier.] I. To strengthen and se-
cure by forts, batteries, and other works of art. 2. To
strengthen against any attack. 3. To confirm ; to add
strength and firmness to. 4. To furnish with strength or
means of resisting force, violence or assault.
FOR'TI-FY, V. i. To raise strong places. Milton.
> FoR'TI-LAGE, n. A little fort ; a block-house.
FoRT'IN, 71. [Fr.] A little fort ; a field fort ; a sconce.
FOR'TI-TUDE, n. [L. fortitude.] That strength or firm-
ness of mind which enables a person to encounter danger
with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or adversity
without murmuring, depression or despondency. We
sometimes confound the effect with the cause, and use
fortitude as synonymous with courage or patience ; but
courage is an active virtue or vice, and patience is the
effect of fortitude.
FoRT'LET, n. A little fort.
FORT'NIGHT, (foit'nit) n. [contracted from fourteen
nights.] The space of fourteen days ; two weeks.
FOR'TRESS, 71. [Fr. forteresse.] 1. Any fortified place ; a
fort ; a castle ; a strong hold ; a place of defense or secu-
rity. 2. Defense ; safety ; security
FOR'TRESS, V. t. To furnish with fortresses ; to guard ; to
fortify. Shak.
FOR'TRESSED, a. Defended by a fortress.
FOR-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. fortuitus.] Accidental ; casual ;
happening by chance ; coming or occurring unexpectedly,
or without any known cause.
FOR-TC'I-TOUS-LY, adv. Accidentally; casually.
FOR-Ttf'I-TOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being accident-
al ; accident ; chance.
FOR-TU'I-TY, 71. Chance ; accident. Forbes.
FOR'TU-NATE, a. [L. fortunatus.] I. Coming by good
luck or favorable chance ; bringing some unexpected
good. 2. Lucky ; successful ; receiving some unforeseen
or unexpected good. 3. Successful ; happy ; prosperous.
FOR'TU-NATE-LY, adv. Luckily ; successfully ; happily ;
by good fortune, or favorable chance or issue.
FOR'TU-NATE-NESS, n. Good luck; success; happi-
ness. Sidney.
FOR'TUNE, 71. [Fr. ; L.fortuna.] I. The good or ill that
befalls man. 2. Success, good or bad ; event. 3. The
chance of life ; means of living ; wealth. 4. Estate ;
possessions. 5. A large estate ; great wealth. 6. The
portion of a man or woman ; generally of a woman. 7.
Futurity ; future state or events ; destiny.
t FOR'TUNE, V. t. 1. To make fortunate. Chaucer. 9. To
dispose fortunately or not ; also, to presage. Dryden.
FOR'TUNE, v.i. To befaU; to fall out; to happen; to
come casually to pass. Knolles.
FOR'TUNE-BOOK, n. A book to be consulted to discover
future events. Crashaw.
FOR'TUNED, a. Supplied by fortune. Shak.
FOR'TUNE-HUNT-ER, n. A man who seeks to marry a
woman with a large portion, with a view to enrich him-
self. Addison.
FOR'TUNE-LESS, a. Luckless ; also, destitute of a for
tune or portion.
FOR'TUNE-TELL, v. t. To teU or pretend to tell the fu-
ture events of one's life ; to reveal futurity.
FOR'TUNE-TELL-ER, n. One who tells or pretends to
foretell the events of one's life.
FOR'TUNE-TELL-ING, ppr. Tellmg the future events of
one's life.
FOR'TUNE-TELL-ING, n. The act or practice of foreteU-
ing the future fortune or events of one's life,
t FOR'TU-NIZE, V. t. To regulate the fortune of.
FOR'TY, a. [Sax. feowertig.] 1. Four times ten. 2. An
indefinite number ; a colloquial use.
Fo'RUM, n. [L.] 1. In Rovie, a public place, where causes
were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people ;
also, a market-place. 2. A tribunal ; a court ; any as-
sembly empowered to hear and decide causes ; also, ju
risdiction.
t FOR-WAN'DER, v. i. To wander away ; to rove wildly
t FOR-WAN'DERED, a. Lost ; bewildered.
FOR'WARD, adv. [Sax.forweard.] Toward a part or place
before or in front ; onward ; progressively. — In a ship,
for?card denotes toward the forepart.
FOR'WARD, a. 1. Near or at the forepart ; in advance of
something else. 2. Ready; prompt; strongly inclined.
3. Ardent ; eager ; earnest ; violent. 4. Bold ; confident ;
less reserved or modest than is proper. 5. Advanced be-
yond the usual degree ; advanced for the season. 6.
Uuick ; hasty ; too ready. 7. Anterior ; fore. 8. Ad-
vanced ; not behindhand.
FOR'WARD, v.t. 1. To advance ; to help onward ; to
promote. 2. To accelerate ; to quicken ; to hasten. 3.
To send forward ; to send towards the place of destina-
tion ; to transmit.
FOR'WARD-ED, pp. Advanced ; promoted ; aided in pro
gress ; quickened ; sent onward ; transmitted.
FOR'WARD-ER, n. He that promotes, or advances in
progress.
FOR'WARD-ING, ppr. Advancing ; promoting ; aiding in
progress ; accelerating in growth ; sending onwards ;
transmitting.
FOR'WARD-LY, adv. Eagerly ; hastily ; quickly.
FOR'.WARD-NESS, n. 1. Cheerful readiness; promptness.
2. Eagerness ; ardor. 3. Boldness ; confidence ; assu-
rance ; want of due reserve or modesty. 4. A state of
advance beyond the usual degree.
t FOR-WaSTE', v. t. To waste ; to desolate. Spenser.
t FOR-WeA'RY, v. t. To dispirit. Spenser.
FOR-WEEF, v. i. To weep much. Chaucer.
t FOR'WoRD, 71. A promise. Spenser.
FOSSE, ) n. [Fr. fosse.] 1. A ditch or moat ; a word used
FOSS, \ ill fortification. — 2. In anatomy, a kind of cavity
in a bone, with a large aperture. Encyc.
FOS'SIL, a. [Fr. fossile.] I. Dug out of the earth ; as,
fossil coal. 2. That may be taken from the earth by
digging.
FOS'SIL, n. A substance dug from the earth, or penetrated
with earthy or metallic particles.
FOS'SIL-€o-PAL, 71. Highgate resin.
FOS'SIL-IST, 71. One who studies the nature and pioper-
ties of fossils. Black.
FOS-SIL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act or process of converting
into a fossil or petrifaction. Journ. of Science.
FOS'SIL-iZE, V. t. To convert into a fossil.
FOS'SIL-iZE, V. i. To be changed into a fossil.
FOS'SIL-IZED, pp. Converted into a fossil.
FOS'SIL-I-ZING, ppr. Changing into a fossil.
FOS-SIL'0-GY, n. [fossil, and Gr. Xoyos.] A discourse or
treatise on fossils ; also, the science of fossils.
FOSS'RoAD, or FOSS'WaY, n. A Roman military way
in England, leading from Totness to Barton. Encyc.
FOS TER, V. t. [Sax. fostrian.] 1. To feed ; to nourish ; to
support ; to bring up. 2. To cherish ; to forward ; to
promote growth. 3. To cherish ; to encourage ; to sustair
and promote.
FOS'TER, V. i. To be nourished or trained up together.
FOS'TER, n. A forester. Spenser.
FOS'TER-AGE, 7t. The charge of nursing. Raleigh.
FOS'TER-BR6TH-ER, n. A male nursed at the same
breast, or fed by the same nurse.
FOS'TER-CHiLD, 71. A child nursed by a woman not the
mother, or bred by a man not the father.
FOS'TER-DAM, n. A nurse ; one that performs the office
of a mother by giving food to a child.
* See Synopsis. A, £, f, 5^ tJ, "S?, Img.- FAR, F^LL, Wll^T ,—VK&Y j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;-
O''iolet^
FOU
357
FOX
FOS'TER-EARTH, n Earth by which a plant is nourish-
eu, though not its native soil. Philips.
FOS'TERED, pp. Nourished; cherished; promoted.
FOS'TER-ER, n. A nurse ; one that feeds and nourishes in
the place of parents. Davies.
FOS'TER-FA-THER, n. One who takes the place of a
father in feeding and educating a child. Bacon.
FOSTER-ING, ppr. Nursing; cherishing; bringing up.
FOS'TER-ING, n. 1. The act of nursing, nourishing and
cherishing. 2. Nourishment. Chaucer.
FOS'TER-LING, n. A foster-child. B.Jonson.
■f FOS'TER-MENT, n. Food ; nourishment.
F0S'TER-M6TH-ER, n. A nurse.
FOS'TER-NURSE, 71. A nurse. {Tautological.']
FOS'TER-SHIP, n. The office of a forester. Churton.
FOS'TER-SIS-TER, n. A female nursed by the same per-
son. Swift.
FOS'TER-SoN, 11. One fed and educated, like a son,
though not a son by birth. Drydcn.
FOS'TRESS, 71. A female who feeds and cherishes; a
nurse. B Jonson.
FOTH'ER, Tu [G fuder ] A weight of lead containing
eight pigs, and every pig twenty-one stone and ahalf.
FOTH'ER, V. t. To endeavor to stop a leak in the bottom
of a ship, while afloat.
FOTH'ER-ING, ppr. Stopping leaks, as above.
FOTPI'ER-ING, 71. The operation of stopping leaks in a
ship.
FOU-GADE', 71. [Fr. fougade.] In the art of ivar, a little
mine, in the form of a well, dug under some work, fortifi-
cation or post.
FOUGHT, (fawt) pret. and pp. of fight.
t FOUGHT'EN, for fought.
FOUL, a. [Sax.fuljfaul.] 1. Covered with or containing
extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious or offen-
sive ; filthy ; duty ; not clean. 2. Turbid ; thick ; muddy.
3. Impure ; polluted ; as, a foul mouth. Shak. 4. Im-
pure ; scurrilous ; obscene or profane. 5. Cloudy and
stormy ; rainy or tempestuous. 6. Impure ; defiling. 7.
Wicked ; detestable ; abominable. 8. Unfair ; not hon-
est ; not lawful or according to established rules or cus-
toms. 9. Hateful ; ugly ; loathsome. 10. Disgraceful ;
shameful. 11. Coarse; gross. 12. Full of gross humors
or impurities. 13. Full of weeds. — 14. Among sea7?tert,
entangled ; hindered from motion ; opposed to clear. 15.
Covered with weeds or barnacles. 16. Not fair ; contraiy.
17. Not favorable or safe; dangerous.— To fall foul, 1. Is
to rush on with haste, rough force and unseasonable vio-
lence. 2. To run against.
FOUL, V. t. [Sax. fulian, gefijlan.] To make filthy ; to
defile ; to daub ; to dirty ; to bemire ; to soil.
t FOUL'DER, V. i. To emit great heat. Spense-^-
FOULED, pp. Defiled ; dirtied.
FOUL'FaCED, a. Having an ugly or hateful visage.
FOUL-FEED'ING, a. Gross ; feeding grossly. Hall.
FOUL'ING, ppr. JMaking foul ; defiling.
FOUL'LY, adv. 1. Filthily ; nastily ; hatefully ; scandal-
ously ; disgracefully ; shamefully. 2. Unfairly ; not hon-
estly.
FOUL'MOUTHED, a. Using language scurrilous, oppro-
brious, obscene or profane ; uttering abuse, or profane or
obscene words ; accustomed to use bad language.
FOUL'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being foul or filthy;
filthiness ; defilement. 2. The quality or state of con-
taining or being covered with any thing extraneous which
is noxious or offensive. 3. Pollution ; impurity. 4. Hate-
fulness ; atrociousness. 5. Ugliness ; deformity. 6. Un-
fairness ; dishonesty; want of candor.
FOUL'SPO-KEN, a. 1. Slanderous. Shak. 2. Using pro-
fane, scurrilous or obscene language.
FOU'MART, 71. [?,cot. foumarte.] The polecat.
FOUND, prct. and pp. of find.
FOUND, V. t. {l^.fundo ; Fr. fonder.} 1. To lay the basis
of any thing ; to set, or place, as on something solid for
support. 2. To begin and build ; to lay the foundation,
and raise a superstructure. 3. To set or place ; to estab-
lish, as on sometliing solid or durable. 4. To begin ; to
form or lay the basis. 5. To give birth to ; to originate.
6. To set ; to place ; to establish on a basis. 7. To fix
firmly.
FOUND, V. t. [L.fundo ; Fr.fondre.] To cast ; to form by
melting a metal and pouring it into a mold.
FOUN-Da'TION, n. ['L.fandatio.] 1. The basis of an edi-
fice ; that part of a building which lies on the ground. 2.
The act of fixing the basis. 3. The basis or ground-work
of any thing. 4. Original; rise. 5. Endowment; a do-
nation or legacy appropriated to support an institution.
6. Establishment ; settlement.
FOUN-Da'TION-LESS, a. Having no foundation.
FOUND'ED, pp. Set ; fixed ; established on a basis ; begun
and built.
FOUND'ER, n. 1 One that founds, establishes and erects ;
one that lays a foundation. 2. Onp who begins ; an au-
thor ; one from svhom ^ny thing originates. 3. One who
endows ; one who furnishes a permanent fund for the
support of an institution.— 4. [Fr. fondeur.] A castei ,
one who casts metals.
FOUND'ER, V. i. [Fx.fondrc.] 1 In scamen^s language, tu
fill or be filled, and sink, as a ship. 2. To fail ; to mis-
carry. 3. To trip ; to fall.
FOUND'ER, V. t. To cause internal inflammation and great
soreness in the feet of a horse.
FOUND'ERED, pp. Made lame in the feet by inflammation
and extreme tenderness.
t FOUND'ER-OUS, a. Failing ; liable to perish ; minous.
Burke.
FOUND'ER-Y, n. [Fr. fonderie.] 1. The art of casting-
metals into various forms for use ; the casting of statues
2. The house and works occupied in casting metals.
FOUND'LING, n. A deserted or exposed infant; a child
found without a parent or owner.
FOUND'RESS, n. A female founder ; a woman who founds
or establishes, or who endows with a fund.
FOUNT, Ui. [L.fons ; Fr.foiHaine; Sp. fuente.] 1.
FOUNT'AIN, ) A spring, or source of water ; properly,
spring or issuing of water from the earth. 2. A small
basin of springing water. 3. A jet; a spouting of water ;
an artificial spring. 4. The head or source of a river. 5.
Original ; first principle or cause ; the source of anything.
— Fount of types. See Font.
FOUNT'AIN-HEAD, 71. Primary source ; original ; first
principle. Young.
FOUNT'AIN-LESS, a. Having no fount^iin ; wanting a
spring. Milton.
FOUNT' AIN-TREE, n. In the Canary isles, a tree which
distills water from its leaves.
FOUNT'FTJL, a. Full of springs. Chapman.
Four, a. rSax. feower ; G. ijier.] Twice two.
F5URBE, 71. [Fr.] A tricking fellow ; a cheat.
FoUR'FoLD, a. Four double; quadruple; four times
told.
FoUR'FoLD, n. Four times as much.
FoUR'FoLD, V. t. To assess in a fourfold ratio. [JVot au-
thorized.]
FoUR'F09T-ED, a. Quadruped; having four feet.
FOUR'RIER, 71. [Fr.] A harbinger. [JVot English.]
Four score, a. Four times twenty ; eighty. It is used
elliptically for fourscore years.
FSUll'SarjARE, a. Having four sides and four angles
equal ; quadrangular. Raleigh.
FoUR'TEEN, a. [four and ten ; Sax. feowertyn.] Four
and ten ; twice seven.
FoUR'TEENTH, a. The ordinal of fourteen ; the fourth
after the tenth.
FOURTH, a. The ordinal of four ; the next after the third.
Fourth, n. in music, an interval composed of two tones
and a semitone.
FoURTH'LY, adv. .In the fourth place.
FoUR'WHEELED, a. Having or running on four wheels.
FOU'TER, 71. A despicable fellow. Brocket.
fFOU-TRA', n. [Fx.foutre.] A fig ; a scoff. Shak.
FOU'TY, a. [Fx.foutu.] Despicable.
FO-VIL'LA, 71. A fine substance, imperceptible to the
naked eye, emitted from the pollen of flowers.
FOWL, 71. \_BdiX. fugel,fagl.] A flying or winged animal ;
a bird. — Fowl is used as a collective noun ; as, we dined on
fish and fowl.
FOWL, V. i. To catch or kill wild fowls for game.
FOWL'ER, n. A sportsman who pursues wild fowls, or
takes or kills them for food.
FOWL'ING, ppr. Pui-suing or taking wild fowls.
FOWL'ING, 71. The art or practice of catching or shooting
fowls ; also, falconry.
FOWL'ING-PIECE, 71. A light gun for shooting fowls.
FOX, 71. [Sax. /or.] 1. An animal of the genus canis, with
a straight tail, yellowish or straw-colored hair, and erect
ears, remarkable for cunning. 2. A sly, cunning fellow.
— 3. In seamen^s language, a seizing made by twisting
several rope-yarns together. 4. Formerly, a cant expres-
sion for a sword. Shak.
t FOX, v. t. To intoxicate ; to stupefy. Boyle.
t FOX'CASE, 71. The skin of a fox. L'Estrange.
FOX'CHASE, 71. The pursuit of a fox with hounds.
fFOX'ER-Y, 71. Behavior like that of a fox. Chaucer
FOX'E-VIL, 71. A disease in which the hair falls off
FOX'FISH, 71. A fish.
FOX'GLoVE, 71. The name of a plant, the digitalis.
FOX'HOUND, 71. A hound for chasing foxes.
FOX HUNT, 77. The chase or hunting of a fox.
FOX'HUNT-ER, 7i. One who hunts or pursues foxes with
hounds.
FOX'ISH, \
FOX'LIKE, > a. Resembling a fox in qualities : cunning.
FOX'LY, >
FOX'SHIP, 71. The character or qualities of a fox ; cun-
ning. Shak.
FOX'TAIL, 71. A species of grass, the alopecurus.
FOX'TRAP, 71. A trap, or a gin or snare, to catch foxes.
See Synop^. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
FRA
358
FRA
FOX Y, a. rerta-niiig to foxes ; wily.
FOY, 71. [Fr foi.] Faith. Spenser.
FOY, n. [Tent, foey.] A feast given by one who is about to
leave a place. England^s Jests.
FOY'SON. SeeFoisoN.
FRa'€AS, n. [Fr..] An uproar 3 a noisy quarrel ; a dis-
turbance.
FRA€T, V. t. To break.
FRA€'TI0N, ?i. [Ij.f radio ; ¥y. fraction.'] 1. The act of
breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence.
— 2. In arithmetic and algebra, a broken part of an inte-
gral or integer.
""11A€'T10N-AL, a. Belonging to a broken number ; com-
prising a part or the parts of a unit.
i RA€'TIOUS, a. Apt to break out into a passion ; apt to
quarrel ; cross ; snappish.
PRAC'TIOUS-LY, adv. Passionately ; snappishly.
"^Ae'TIOUS-NESS, n. A cross or snappish temper.
FRA€T'URE, n. [h. fractura.] 1. A breach in any body,
especially a breach caused by violence ; a rupture of a
solid body. — 2. In surgery, the rupture or disruption of a
bone.— 3. In mineralogy, the manner in which a mineral
Dreaks, and by which its textm-e is displayed.
FRA€T'URE, v. t. To break 3 to burst asunder; to crack;
to separate continuous parts.
^5,A€T'URED, pp. Broken ; cracked.
FR A€T'UR-ING, ppr. Breaking 3 bursting asunder ; crack-
ing.
FRA6'iLE, a. [L fragilis.] I. Brittle; easily broken. 2.
Weak ; liable to fail 3 easily destroyed. Milton.
■"RA-GIL'I-TY, n. 1. Brittleness 3 easiness to be broken.
2. Weakness ; liableness to fail. 3. Frailty ; liableness
to fault.
FRAG'MENT, n. [L.fragmentum.] 1. A part broken off ;
a piece separated from an v thing by breaking. 2. A part
separated from the rest ; an impeifect part. 3. A small
detached portion.
FRAG'MENT- A-RY, a. Composed of fragments.
FRa'GOR, n. [L.] 1. A loud and sudden sound 3 the re-
port of any thing bursting ; a loud, harsh sound ; a crash.
2. A strong or sweet scent ; [obs.]
FRa'GRANCE, In. [1,. fi-agrantia.] Sweetness of smell ;
FRa'GRAN-CY, \ that quality of bodies which affects the
olfactory nerves with an agreeable sensation; pleasing
scent ; grateful odor.
FRa'GRANT, a. Sweet of smell ; odorous. Milton.
FRa'GRANT-LY, adv. With sweet scent. Mortimer.
FRAIL, a. [Fr. frile ; It. frale.] 1. Weak ; infirm ; liable
to fail and decay ; subject to casualties ; easily destroyed 3
perishable; not firm or durable. 2. Weak in mind or
resolution ; liable to error or deception. 3. Weak 3 easi-
ly broken or overset.
FRAIL, 71. [Norm, fraile ] 1. A basket made of rushes.
2, A rush for weaving baskets. 3. A certain quantity of
raisins, about 75 pounds.
FRaIL'NESS, n. Weakness ; infirmity.
FRaIL'TY, 71. 1. Weakness of resolution ; infirmity ;lia
bleness to be deceived or seduced. 2. Frailness ; infirm-
ity of body. 3. Fault proceeding from weakness ; foible ;
sin of infirmity.
FRaI'SCHEUR, n. [Fr.] Freshness ; coolness. [JVot Eng-
lish.'] Dryden.
FRAISE, 71. [Fr.] In /o?-f jyicaijo??, a defense consisting of
pointed stakes driven into the retrenchments, parallel to
the horizon. 2. A pancake with bacon in it ; \_obs.]
FRAM, a. [Icel. framur.] Tender ; brittle. Written also
frem and frim. Craven dialect.
FRAME, V. t. [Sax. fremman.] 1. To fit or prepare and
unite several parts in a regular structure or entire thing ;
to fabricate by orderly construction and union of various
parts. 2. To fit one thing to another ; to adjust ; to make
suitable. 3. To make ; to compose. 4. To regulate ; to
adjust ; to shape ; to conform. 5. To form and digest by
thought. 6. To contrive 3 to plan 3 to devise. 7. To in-
vent ; to fabricate.
FRAME, v. i. To contrive. Judges, xii. 6.
FRAME, n. 1. The timbers of an edifice fitted and joined
in the form proposed, for the purpose of supporting the
covering. 2. Any fabric or structure composed of parts
united. 3. Any kind of case or structure made for admit-
tmg, inclosing or supporting things. — 4. Among printers,
a stand to support the cases in which the types are dis-
tributed. — 5. Among founders, a kind of ledge, inclosing
a board, which, being filled with wet sand, serves as a
mold for castings. G. A sort of loom, on which linen, silk,
&c. is stretched for quilting or embroidering. 7. Order;
regularity 3 adjusted series or composition of parts. 8.
Form 3 scheme ; structure 5 constitution ; system. 9. Con-
trivance ; projection. 10. Fhape ; form ; proportion.
FRAME'WoRK, ?i. Work dnne in a frame. Milton.
FRAMED, pp. Fitted and united in due form ; made ; com-
posed ; devised; adjusted.
FRaMIER, 71. One who frames ; a maker ; a contriver.
FRaM'ING, ppr Fitting and joining in due construction;
making; fabricating 3 composing 3 adjusting; inventing
contrivinj.
t FRAMToLD, a. Peevish 3 rugged. Hacket.
FRAN'CHlSE, (fran'chiz) n. [Fr.] I. A particular privi-
lege or right granted by a prince or sovereign to an indi-
vidual, or to a number of persons. 2. Exemption from a
burden or duty to which others are subject. -3. The dis-
trict or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege ex-
tends ; the limits of an immunity. 4. An asylum or sanc-
tuary, where persons are secure from arrest.
FRAN'CHlSE, v. t. To make free ; but enfranchise is more
generally used. Shak.
FRAN'CHlSE-MENT, n. Release from burden or restric-
tion ; freedom. Spenser.
FRAN'CIC, a. Pertaining to the Franks or French.
FRAN-CIS'€AN, a. Belonging to the order of St. Fran
FRa'n-CIS'CAN, n. One of the order of St. Francis. They
are called, also, Gray Friars.
FRAN-GI-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being fran-
gible.
FRAN'GI-BLE, a. [L.frango.] That may be broken 3 brit-
tle ; fragile ; easily broken.
t FRAN'ION, n. A paramour, or a boon companion. Spen-
ser.
FRANK, a. [Fr. franc ; It., Sp. franco ; G. frank.] 1
Open ; ingenuous ; candid ; free in uttering real senti-
ments 3 not reserved 3 using no disguise. 2. Open ; in-
genuous. 3. Liberal ; generous; not niggardly. 4. Free;
without conditions or compensation. 5. Licentious; un-
restrained ; [obs.]
FRANK, or FRANC, n. 1. An ancient coin of France
2. A letter which is exempted from postage ; or the writ-
ing which renders it free. 3. A sty for swine 3 [not
used.]
FRANK, 71. 1. A name given by the Turks, Greeks and
Arabs to any of the inhabitants of the western parts of
Europe. 2. An inhabitant of Fran conia in Germany.
FRANK, V. t. 1. To exempt, as a letter from the charge
of postage. 2. To shut up in a sty cr frank 3 [not used."!
3. To feed high 3 to cram ; to fatten ; [obs.]
FRANK-AL-MOIGNE', (frank-al-moin') n. [frank, and
Norm, almoigncs.] Free alms ; in English law, a tenure
by which a religious corporation hold^lands to them and
their successors forever, on condition of praying for the
soul of the donor.
FRANK'CHASE, n. A liberty of free chase.
FRANKED, ^;p. Exempted from postage.
FRANK'FEE, n. Freehold; a holding of lands in fee sim-
ple. Encyc.
* FRANK-IN'CENSE, or FRANK'IN-CENSE, n. [frank
and incense.] A dry, resinous substance, in pieces or drops,
of a pale, yellowish-white color, of a bitterish, acrid taste,
and very inflammable, used as a perfume.
FRANK'ING, ppr. Exempting from postage.
FRANK'ISH, a. Relating to the Franks. Verstegan.
FRANK'LAVr, n. Free or common law, or the benefit a
person has by it,
t FRANK'LIN, n. A freeholder. Spenser.
FRANK'LIN-ITE, 71. A mineral compound.
FRANK'LY, a(Zt). 1. Openly; freely; ingenuously; with-
out reserve, constraint or disguise. 2. Liberally ; freely ;
readily.
FRANK'MAR-RIAGE, n. A tenure in tail special.
FRANK'NESS, n. 1. Plainness of speech ; candor ; free-
dom in communication ; openness ; ingenuousness. 2.
Fairness ; freedom from art or craft. 3. Liberality 3
bounteousness ; [little used.]
FRANKTLEDGE, n. A pledge or surety for the good be-
havior of freemen.
FRANK-TEN'E-MENT, 71. An estate of freehold ; the pos-
session of the soil by a freeman.
FRAN'TIC, a. [L. phrcneticus.] 1. Mad ; raving ; furious ;
outrageous ; wild and disorderly ; distracted. 2. Charac-
terized by violence, fury and disorder ; noisy ; mad ;
wild ; irregular.
FRAN'TIC-LY, adv. Madlv ; distractedly; outrageously
FRAN'TIC-NESS, n JMadness ; fury of passion ; distrac-
tion.
FRAP, V. t. In seamen^s language, to cross and draw to-
gether the several parts of a tackle to increase the ten-
sion.
FRA-TERN'AL, a. [Fr.fraternel ; 'L.fraternus.] Brother-
ly 3 pertaining to brethren ; becoming brothers.
FRA-TERN'AL-LY, adv. In a brotherly manner.
FRA-TERN'I-TY, 71. [h. fraterniias.] 1. The state or
quality of a brother; brotherhood. 2. A body of men as-
sociated for their common interest or pleasure ; a compa-
ny ; a brotherhood ; a society. 3. Men of the same class,
profession, occupation or character.
FRA-TER-NI-Za'TION, n. Ihe act of associating and
holding fellowship as brethren. Burke.
FRA-TERN'IZE, v. i. To associate or hold fellowship as
brothers, or as men of like occupation.
* See Synopsis. A, E , 1,0, Cf, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
FRE
359
FRE
* FRAT'RI-CIDE, n [L. fratricidium.] 1. Tlie crime of
murdering a brother. 2. One who murders a brother.
FBAUD, 71. [L.fraus.] Deceit 5 deception; trick; artifice
by which the right or interest of another is injured.
FRAUD'FUL, a. 1. Deceitful in malting bargains ; trick-
is'li ; treacherous. 2. Containing fraud or deceit.
FRAUD'FUL-LY, adv. Deceitfully ; with intention to de-
ceive and gain an undue advantage ; trickishly ; treache-
rously ; by stratagem.
FRAUD'U-LENCE, ) n. Deceitfulness ; trickishness in
FRAUD'U-LEN-CY, \ making bargains, or in social
concerns.
FRAUD'U-LENT, a. 1. Deceitful in making contracts;
tri'ckish. 2. Containing fraud ; founded on fraud ; pro-
ceeding from fraud. 3. Deceitful ; treacherous.
FRAUD'U-LENT-LY, adv. By fraud; by deceit; by arti-
fice or imposition.
FRAUGHT, (frawt) a. [D. vragt ; G. fracht.] I. Laden ;
loaded ; charged. 2. Filled ; stored ; full.
f FRAUGHT, m. A freight; a cargo. Drijden.
t FRAUGHT, V. t. To load ; to fill ; to crowd. Shak.
■f FRAUGHT'AGE, n. Loading; cargo. Shak.
FRAY, ?i. [Yx. fracas.'] 1. A broil, quarrel, or violent riot,
that puts men in fear. 2. A combat; a battle; also, a
single combat or duel. 3. A contest ; contention. 4. A
rub ; a fret or chafe in cloth ; a place injured by rubbing.
t FRAY, V. t. To fright ; to terrify. Spenser.
FRAY, V. t. {Fx.frayer.] I. To rub; to fret, as cloth by
wearing. 2 To rub.
FRAYED, pp. Frightened; rubbed; worn.
FRaY'ING, ppr. Frightening ; terrifying ; rubbing.
FRaY'ING, n. Peel of a deer's horn, B, Jnnson.
FReAK, n. [Ice. freka.] 1. Literalhj, a sudden starting
or change of place. 2. A sudden, causeless change or turn
of the mind ; a whim or fancy ; a capricious prank.
FReAK, v. t. To variegate; to checker.
FREAKED, pp. Variegated; checkered.
FREx\K'ING, ppr. Variegating.
FReAK'ISH, a. Apt to change the mind suddenly; whim-
sical ; capricious. L'Estrange.
FReAKTSH-LY, adv. Capriciously; with sudden change
of mind, without cause.
FReAK'ISH-NESS, n. Capriciousness ; whimsicalness.
FRECKLE, 71. 1. A spot of a yellowish color in the skin.
2. Any small spot or discoloration.
FRECKLED, a. 1. Spotted ; having small yellowisli spots
on the skin or surface. 2. Spotted.
FRECKLED-NESS, 71. The state of being freckled.
FRECKLE-FACED, a. Having a face full of freckles.
FRECK'LY, a. Full of freckles ; sprinkled with spots.
FRED, Sax. frith, Bsin. fred, Sw.frid, G.friede, D.vreedc,
peace; as in Frederic, dominion of peace, or ricli in
peace ; Winfred, victorious peace.
FREE, a. [Sax. frig, freoh.] 1. Being at liberty ; not be-
ing under necessity or restraint, physical or moral. — 2. In
government, not enslaved ; not in a state of vassalage or
dependence ; subject only to fixed laws, made by consent.
3. Instituted by a free people ; not arbitrary or despotic.
4. Not imprisoned, confined or under arrest. 5. Uncon-
strained ; unrestrained ; not under compulsion or co7itrol.
6. Permitted ; allowed ; open ; not appropriated. 7. Not
obstructed. 8. Licentious ; unrestrained. 9, Open ; can-
did ; frank; ingenuous; unreserved. 10. Liberal in ex-
penses; not parsimonious. 11. Gratuitous; not gained
by importunity or purchase. 12. Clear of crime or offense ;
guiltless ; innocent. 13. Not having feeling or suffering ;
clear ; exempt. 14. Not encumbered with. 15. Open to
all ; without restriction or without expense. 16. Invested
with franchises ; enjoying certain immunities; with of.
17. Possessing without vassalage or slavish conditions.
18. Liberated from the government or control of parents,
or of a guardian or master. 19. Ready ; eager ; not dull ;
acting without spurring or whipping. 20. Genteel ;
charming ; [not in use.]
FREE, ■u.'t. 1. To remove from a thing any encumbrance
or obstruction ; to disengage from ; to rid ; to strip ; to
clear. 2. To set at liberty ; to rescue or release from
slavery, captivity or confinement ; to loose. 3. To disen-
tangle ; to disengage. 4. To exempt. 5. To manumit;
to release from bondage. 6. To clear from water ; as a
ship by pumping. 7. To release from obligation or duty.
— To free from, or free of, is to rid of, by removing in any
manner.
FREE-BENCH', n. A widow's dower in a copyhold.
FREE'BOOT-ER, 71. [B. vrybuiter ; G. freibeuter.] One
who wanders about for plunder ; a robber ; a pillager ; a
plunderer.
FREE'BOOT-ING, n. Robbery ; plunder ; a pillaging.
FREE'BORN, a. Born free ; not in vassalage ; inheriting
liberty,
FREE-CHAP'EL, n. In England, a chapel founded by the
king, and not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary.
FREE'COST, 71. Without expense ; freedom from charges.
South.
FREED, pp. Set at liberty; loosed; delivered from re^
straint; cleared of hinderance or obstruction.
FREE-DEN'I-ZEN, n. A citizen. Jackson.
FREE-DEN'I-ZEN, v. t. [free and denizen.] To make
free. Bp. Hall.
FREED'MAN, 71. A man who has been a slave and is man-
umitted.
FREE'DOM, 71. 1. A state of exemption from the power or
control of another ; liberty ; exemption from slavery, ser
vitude or confinement. 2. Particular privileges ; fran-
chise ; immunity. 3. Power of enjoying franchises. 4
Exemption from fate, necessity, or any constraint in con
sequence of predetermination or otherwise. 5. Any ex-
emption from constraint or control. 6. Ease or facility of
doing any thing. 7. Frankness ; boldness. 8. License;
improper familiarity ; violation of the rules of decorum;
with a plural.
FREE-FISH'ER-Y, 7?. A royal franchise or exclusive privi-
lege of fishing in a public river.
t FREE'FQOT-ED, a. Not restrained in marching.
FREE-HEART'ED, a. [See Heart.] 1. Open; frank; un-
reserved. 2. Liberal; charitable; eenerous.
FREE-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Frankness; opeiiness of
heart ; Hberality. Burnet.
FREE'HoLD, n. That land or tenement whicl) is held in
fee-simple, fee-tail, or for term of life. — In the United
States, a freehold is an estate which a man holds in his
own riglit, subject to no superior nor to conditions.
FREE'HbLD-ER, n. One who owns an estate in fee-simple,
fee-tail or for life ; the possessor of a freehold.
FREE'ING, ppr. Delivering from restraint ; releasing froni
confinement; removing incumbrances or hinderances
from any thing ; clearing.
FRF^FJhY, adv. 1. At liberty; without vassalage, slavery
or dependence. 2. Without restraint, constraint or com-
pulsion ; voluntarily. 3. Plentifully ; in abundance. 4.
Without scruple or reserve. 5. Without impediment or
hinderance. 6. Without necessity, or compulsion from
divme predetermination. 7. Without obstruction ; large-
ly ; copiously. 8. Spontaneously ; without constraint or
persuasion. ' 9. Liberally ; generously. 10. Gratuitously ;
of free will or grace, without purchase or consideration.
FREE'MAN, n. 1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not
subject to the will of another ; one not a slave or vassal.
2. One who enjoys or is entitled to a franchise or peculiar
privilege.
FREE'MA-SON, n. One of the fi-aternity of masons.
FREE'MlND-ED, a. Not perplexed ; free from care.
FREE'NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being free, un-
constrained, unconfined, unincumbered or unobstructed.
2. Openness ; unreservedness ; frankness ; ingeimous-
ness ; candor. 3. Liberality ; generosity. 4. Gratuitous-
ness.
FRe'ER, 7!. One who gives freedom.
FREE'SCHOOL, n. 1. A school supported by funds, &c.,
in which pupils are tauglit witliout paying for tuition. 2.
A school open to admit pupils without restriction.
FREE'SPO-KEN, a. Accustomed to speak without reserve.
FREE'STONE, 71. Any species of stone composed of sand
or grit, so called because it is easily cut or wrought.
FREE'THINK-ER, n. A softer name for a deist; an unbe-
liever ; one who discards revelation.
FREE'THINK-ING, n. Unbelief. Berkeley.
FREE'ToNGUED, a. Speaking without reserve
FREE-WAR'REN, n. A royal franchise or exclusive right
of killing beasts and fowls of warren within certain lim-
its.
FREE-WILL', 71. 1. The power of directing our own ac-
tions without restraint by necessity or fate. 2. Volunta-
riness ; spontaneousn.8ss.
FREE'WOM-AN, 71. A woman not a slave.
freeze', v.i. ; pref./?-oze ,• pTp. frozen, or froze. [Sax.fry-
san.] 1. To be congealed by cold ; to be changed from a
liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat ; to be
hardened into ice or a like solid body. 2. To be of that
degree of cold at which water congeals. 3. To chill; to
stagnate, or to retire from the extreme vessels. 4. To be
chilled ; to shiver with cold. 5. To die by means of cold.
FREEZE, V. t. 1. To congeal ; to harden into ice ; to
change from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction
of heat. 2. To kill by cold- 3. To chill ; to give the sen-
sation of cold and shivering.
FREEZE, in architecture. See Frieze.
FREIGHT, (frate) n. [D. vragt ; G. fracht.] 1. The car-
go, or any part of the cargo of a ship ; lading ; that which
is carried by water. 2. Transjwrtation of goods. 3. The
hire of a ship, or money charged or paid for the transpor-
tation of goods.
FREIGHT, V. t. 1. To load with goods, as a ship or vessel
of any kind, for transporting them from one place to an-
other. 2. To load, as the burden.
FREIGHT'ED, pp. Loaded, as a ship or vessel
FREIGHT'ER, n. One who loads a ship, or one who char-
ters and loads a ship.
* See Synop.^. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Olsolcte
FRE
360
FRl
FREIGUT'ING, ppr. Loading, as a ship or vessel.
FRElS'LE-BEN, n. A mineral of a bluish color.
FREMMED, a. [Sax. frem'd.] Strange j not related ; for-
eign ; uncommon. Orose.
t FKEN, 11. A stranger. Speiiser.
FRENCH, a. Pertaining to France, or its inhabitants.
FRENCH, 7(. The language spoken by the people of France.
FRENCH-GRASS, n. Saint-foin.
FRENCH-HORN, n. A wind instrument of music, made
of metal.
FRENCH'I-F\', V. t. To make French ; to infect with the
manner of the French. Camden.
FRENCfl'LiKE, a. Resembling the French. Bp. Hall.
FRE-NET'ie. See Frantic and Phrenetic.
FREN'ZIED, part. a. Affected with madness.
FREN'ZY, 71. [Fr. frenesie ; L. phrenitis.] Madness ; dis-
traction ; rage ; or any violent agitation of the mind, ap-
proaching to distraction.
FRE'aUENCE, n. [Fr.; 'L.frequentia.] A crowd ; a throng ;
a concourse ; an assembly. [Little used.] Milton.
FRE'aUEN-CY, 7t. 1. A return or occurrence of a thing
often repeated at short intervals. 2. A crowd ; a throng ;
[obs.]
FRE'aUENT, a. [Fr. ; L. frequens.] 1. Often seen or
done ; often happening at short intervals ; often repeated
or occurring. 2. Used often to practice any thing. 3.
Full : crowded ; thronged ; [obs.]
* FRe'QUENT, or FRE-aUENT', TJ.i. [l..frequento.] To
visit often ; to resort to often or habitually.
t FRE-aUENT'A-BLE, a. Accessible. Sidney.
FRE-aUEN-TA'TION, n. 1. The act of frequenting. 2.
The habit of visiting often.
FRE-QUENT'A-TIVE, a. [It.frequentativo.] Ingrammar,
signifying the frequent repetition of an action.
* FRE'aUENT-ED, pp. Often visited.
* FRe'Q.UENT-ER, 71. One who often visits or resorts to
customarily.
FRE'aUENT-LY, adv. Often ; many times ; at short in-
tervals ; commonly.
FRE'aUENT-NESS, n. The quality of being frequent or
often repeated.
FRES'CO, n. [It. fresco.] 1. Coolness; shade; a cool, re-
freshing state of the air ; duskiness. 2. A picture not
drawn in glaring light, but in dusk. 3. A method of paint-
ing in relief on walls, performed with water-colors on
fresh plaster, or on a wall laid with mortar not yet dry.
4. A cool, refreshing liquor.
FRESH, a. [Sax./eT-^c] 1. Moving with celerity ; brisk;
strong ; somewhat vehement. 2. Having the color and
appearance of young, thrifty plants ; lively ; not impaired
or faded. 3. Having the appearance of a healthy youth ;
florid ; ruddy. 4. New ; recently grown. 5. New ; re-
cently made or obtained. 6. Not impaired by time ; not
forgotten or obliterated. 7. Not salt. 8. Recently from
the well or spring; pure and cool; not warm or vapid.
9. In a state like that of recent growth or recentness. 10.
Repaired from loss or diminution ; having new vigor. 11.
New; that has lately come or arrived. 12. Sweet; in a
good state ; not stale. 13. Unpracticed ; unused ; not be-
fore employed. 14. Moderately rapid.
FRESH, 71. A freshet. Beverly, Hist. Virginia.
FRE3H'-BLo\VN, a. Newly blown.
FRESH'EN, (fresh'n) v. t. 1. To make fresh ; to dulcify ; to
separate, as water from saline particles ; to take saltness
from any thing. 2. To refresh ; to revive ; [not used.]
3. In seamen's language, to apply new service to a cable.
FRESH'EN, V. i. 1. To grow fresh ; to lose salt or saltness.
2. To grow brisk or strong.
FRESH'ENED, pp. Deprived of saltness ; sweetened.
FRESH'ES, 71. 1. The mingling of fresh water with salt
water in rivers or bays. Beverly. 2. A flood; an over-
flowing ; an inundation ; a freshet.
FRESH'ET, 7!. 1. A flood or overflowing of a river, by
means of heavy rains or melted snow ; an inundation.
JSTeiD England. 2. A stream of fresh water. Browne.
FRESH-FoRCE', n. In Zaw,aforce done within forty days.
FRESH'LY, adv. 1. Newly ; in the former state renewed ;
in a new or fresh state. 2. With a healthy look ; ruddily.
3. Brislcly ; strongly. 4. Coolly.
FRESHMAN, n. 1. A novice ; one in the rudiments of
knowledge. — 2. In colleges, one of the youngest class of
students.
FRESH'MAN-SHIP, n. The state of a freshman.
t FRESH'MENT, n. Refreshment. Cartwright.
FRESH'NESS, 7(. 1. Newness ; vigor; spirit; the contrary
to vapidness. 2. Vigor; liveliness; the contrary to a
faded state. 3. Newness of strength ; renewed vigor; op-
posed to weariness or fatigue. 4. Coolness; invigorating
'luality or state. 5. Color of youth and health ; ruddiness.
•j. Freedom from saltness. 7. A new or recent state or
quality ; rawness. 8. Briskness, as of wind.
f FRESH'NEW, a. Unpracticed. Shak.
FRESH'WA-TER, a. 1. Accustomed to sail on fresh water
only, or in the coasting trade. 2. Raw ; unskilled.
FRESH'WA-TERED, a. Newly watered ; supplied with
fresh water.
FRET, V. t. [Sw./raia.] 1. To rub ; to wear away a sub-
stance by friction. 2. To corrode ; to gnaw ; to eat away
3. To impair; to wear away. 4. To form into raised
work. 5. To variegate ; to diversify. 6. To agitate vio-
lently. 7. To agitate ; to disturb ; to make rough ; to
cause to ripple. 8. To tease ; to irritate ; to vex ; to make
angry. 9. To wear away ; to chafe ; to gall.
FRET, v.i. 1. To be worn away ; to be corroded. 2. To
eat or wear in ; to make way by attrition or corrosion
3. To be agitated ; to be in violent commotion. 4. To be
vexed ; to be chafed or irritated ; to be angry ; to utter
peevish expressions.
FRET, n. 1. The agit.-^tion of the surface of a fluid ; a rip-
pling on the surface of water ; small undulations continu-
ally repeated. 2. Work raised in protuberances ; or a
kind of knot consisting of two lists or small fillets inter-
- laced, used as an ornament in architecture. 3. Agitation
of-mind-. commotion of temper ; irritation. 4. A short
piece of wire fixed on the finger-board of a guitar, &c.,
which, being pressed against the strings, varies the tone.
Busby. — 5. In heraldry, a bCEiring composed of bars cross-
ed and interlaced.
FRET, V. t. To furnish with frets. .Qs. Res.
FRET, 71. [Ij.fretum.] A frith, which see.
fFRET, a. Eaten away. Lev.xiii.
FRET'FTJL, a. Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish;
angry ; in a state of vexation.
FRET'FUL-LY, adv. Peevishly ; angrily.
FRET'FtJL-NESS, 71. Peevishness; ill-humor; disposition
to fret and complain.
FRETT, n. With miners, the worn side of the bank of a
river. Encyc.
FRET'TED, pp. Eaten ; corroded ; rubbed or worn away ;
agitated ; vexed ; made rough on the surface ; variegated ;
ornamented with fretwork ; furnished with frets.
FRET'TEN, a. Rubbed; marked; as, 2>ocA:-/re«e77, marked
with the small-pox.
FRET'TER, 71. That which frets.
FRET'TING, p;7r. Corroding; wearing away; agitating;
vexing ; making rough on the surface ; variegating.
FRET'TING, 71. Agitation ; commotion.
FRET'TY, a. Adorned with fretwork.
FRe'TUM, 71. [L.] _An arm of the sea. Ray.
FRET'WoRK, 71. Raised work ; work adorned with frets.
FRI-A-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The quality of being easily broken,
FRi'A-BLE-NESS, \ crumbled and reduced to powder.
FRI'A-BLE, a. [¥r. friable ; L. friabilis.] Easily crumbled
or pulverized ; easily reduced to powder.
FRi'AR, 7i. [Fr.frere.] 1. An appellation common to the
monks of all orders. Friars are generally distinguished
into four principal branches, viz. : 1. Minors, Gray Friars
or Franciscans ; 2. Augustines ; 3. Dominicans or Black
Friars ; 4. White Friars or Carmelites. — 2. In a restricted
sense, a monk who is not a priest.
FRi'AR-LiKE, a. Like a friar ; monastic ; unskilled in the
world. Knolles.
FRi'AR-LY, a. Like a friar ; untaught in the affairs of life.
FRl'AR'S-€OWL, 7!. A plant, a species of arum, with a
flower resembling a cowl.
FRi'AR'S-LAN'TERN, n. The ignusfatuus. Milton.
FRl'AR-Y, 71. A monastery; a convent of friars.
FRi'AR-Y, a. Like a friar ; pertaining to friars.
FRIB'BLE, a. [L. frivolus ; Fr. frivole.] Frivolous ; tri-
fling ; silly. Brit. Crit.
FRIB'BLE, n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow.
FRIB'BLE, v.i. To trifle; also, to totter. Tatler.
FRIB BLER, n. A trifler. Spectator.
FRI'BORG, ) 71. [free and burg.] The same as frank-
FRID'BURGH, \ pledge. Cowel.
t FRIC'ACE, 71. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce ;
also, an unguent prepared by frying things together.
FRIG-AS-SEE', 71. [Fr.] A dish of food made by cutting
chickens, rabbits, or other small animals into pieces, and
dressing them in a frying pan, or a like utensil.
FRie-AS-SEE', V. t. To dress in fricassee.
FRI-Ca'TION, n. [L.fricatio.] The act of rubbing; fric-
tion. [Little used.] Bacon.
FRICTION, 71. [h.frictio; Fr. frictioji.] 1. The act of rub-
bing the surface of one body against that of another ; attri
tion. — 2. In mechanics, the effect of rubbing, or the resist-
ance which a moving body meets v/ith from the surface on
which it moves. — 3. In medicine, the rubbing of the body
vvith the hand, or with a brush, flannel, &c.
FRl'DAY, 7;. [Aax. friS'dceg ; G.freitag; from Frigga,the
Venus of the north.] "The sixth day of the week, formerly
consecrated to Frisga.
tFRID6E, v.t. [Sax. frician.] To move hastily.
FRID-STOLE. See Fred.
FRIEND, (frend) n. [Sax. freond.] 1. One who is attach-
ed to another by affection ; opposed to foe or enemy. 2.
One not hostile. Shak. 3. One reconciled after enmity.
4. An attendant; a companion. 5. A favorer; one who
* See Synopsia- A, E, I, 6, tj, Y, long. -FAR, FALL, WH/^T ;— PREY 3— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
FRI
361
^RO
Is propitious. 6. A favorite 7. A term of salutation ; a
familiar compellation. 8. Formerly, a paramour. — 9. .4
friend at court, oue who has sufficient interest to serve an-
other.
FRIEND, (fiend) v. t. To favor ; to countenance ; to be-
friend ; to support or aid. [We now use befriend.]
FRIEND'ED, (frend'ed) pp. 1. Favored ; befriended. 2. a.
Inclined to love ; well disposed. Shak,
FillEND'LESS, (frend'les) a. Destitute of friends ; want-
ing countenance or support ; forlorn. Pope.
FRIEND'LIKE, (frendlike) a. Having the dispositions of a
friend.
FRIEND'LI-NESS, (frend'le-nes) n. 1. A disposition to
ft'endship; friendly disposition. 2. Exertion of benevo-
lence or kindness.
FRIEND'LY, (frend'ly) a. 1. Having the temper and dis-
position of a friend ; kind : favorable ; disposed to pro-
mote the good of another. 2. Disposed to peace. 3. Am-
icable. 4. Not hostile. 5. Favorable ; propitious ; salu-
tary ; promoting the good of.
FRIENDLY, (frend'ly) adv. In the manner of friends ; am-
icably. [J\rot much used.l Skak.
FRIEND'SHIP, (frend'ship) n. 1. An attachment to a per-
son, proceeding from intimate acquaintance, and a recip-
rocation of kind offices, or from a favorable opinion of the
amiable and respectable qualities of liis mind. Friendship
differs from benevolence, which is good will to mankind in
general, and from that love which springs from animal ap-
petite. 2. Mutual attachment ; intimacy. 3. Favor ;
personal kindness. 4. Friendly aid ; help ; assistance.
5. Conformity ; affinity ; correspondence ; aptness to unite.
FRIiSZE, or FRIZE, (freez) n. [Sp, frisa.] 1. Properly,
the nap on woolen cloth ; hence, a kind of coarse woolen
cloth or stuff, witJi a nap on one side. — 9. In architecture,
that part of the entablature of a column which is between
the architrave and cornice.
FRIeZED, a. Napped ; shaggy with nap or frieze.
FRIeZE'LiKE, a. Resembling frieze. Addison.
FRIG'ATE, 11. [Fr. fregate.'] 1. A ship of war, of a size
larger than a sloop or brig, and less than a ship of the line ;
usually having two decks. 2. Any small vessel on the
water ; [oJs.]
FRIG'ATE-BUiLT, a. Having a quarter deck and forecas-
tle raised above the main deck. ^
FRIG-A-TOON', n. A Venetian vessel,
FRIG-E-FA€'TION, n. [L. frigns and facio.} The act of
making cold. {Little vjied.'] Diet.
FRIGHT, (frite) ?i. [Ti?LQ. frygt; Sax.fyrhto.] Sudden and
violent fear , terror ; a passion excited by the sudden ap-
pearance of danger.
FRIGHT, or FRIGHT'EN, v. t. To terrify ; to scare ; to
alarm suddenly with danger ; to shock suddenly with
the approach of evil ; to daunt ; to dismay.
FRiGHT'ED, )pp. Terrified 5 suddenly alarmed with
FRiGHT'ENED, \ danger.
FRlGHT'FUL, a. Terrible ; dreadful 5 exciting alarm ; hn-
pressing terror.
FRiGHT'FUIr-LY, adv. 1. Terribly ; dreadfully ; in a man-
ner to impress terror and alarm ; horribly. 2. Very disa-
greeably ; shockingly.
FRlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of impressing terror.
FRIG'ID, a. [L. frigidus.] 1. Cold; wanting heat or
warmth. 2. Wanting warmth of affection ; unfeeling.
3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the
generative power; impotent. 4. Dull; jejune; unani-
mated ; wanting the fire of genius or fancy. 5. Stiff; for-
mal ; forbidding. 6. Wanting zeal ; dull ; formal ; lifeless.
FRI-GID'I-TY, n. 1. Coldness; want of v/armth. 2.
Want of natural heat, life and vigor of body ; impoten-
cy ; imbecility. 3. Coldness of affection. 4. Dullness;
want of animation or intellectual fire.
FRIG'ID-LY, flrfu. Coldlv; dully; without affection.
FRIGID-NESS, n. Coldness ; dullness ; want of heat or
vigor ; want of affection. See Frigidity.
FRlG-O-RIFie, a. [¥r. frigorifique.] Causing cold ; pro-
ducing or generating cold. Quincy.
FRILL, 71. An edging of fine linen, on the bosom of a shirt
or other similar thing ; a ruffle.
FRILL, V. i. [Fr. frileux.] To shake ; to quake ; to shiver
as with cold.
IFRIM, a. [Sax./rco???.] Flourishing. Drayton.
FRINGE, (frinj) n. [Fr. frange.] 1. An ornamental ap-
pendage to the borders of garments or furniture, consist-
ing of loose threads. 2. Something resemblmg fringe ; an
open, broken border.
FRINGE, V. t. To adorn or border with fringe oralooseedg-
inn.
FRINGED, pp. Bordered with fringe.
FRINGE' Ma-K^R, n. One who makes fringe.
FRING'ING, ppr. Bordering with fringe.
FRING'Y, a. Adorned with fringes. Shak.
FRIP'PER, n. [Fr frippier.\ A dealer in old things ; a bro-
ker. James.
FRIP'PER-ER, 71. One who deal? in old clothes.
FRIFPER-Y, n. [Fr. friperie.] 1. Old clothes: cast
dresses; clothes thrown aside, after wearing. Hence
waste matter ; useless things ; trifles. 2. The place
where old clothes are sold. 3. The trade or traffick in old
clothes.
FRIP'PER-Y, a. Trifling ; contemptible Gray.
FRI-SEuR', (fre-zure') /(. [Fr.] A hair-dresser. Warton.
FRISK, V. i. [Dan. frisk.] 1. To leap ; to skip ; to spring
suddenly one way and the other. 2. To dance, skip and
gambol in frolick and gayety.
FRISK, a. Lively ; brisk ; blithe. Hall.
FRISK, n. A frolick ; a fit of wanton gayety.
t FRISK'AL, 7i. A leap or caper. B. Jonson.
FRISK ER, n. One who leaps or dances in gayety ; a wan-
ton ; an inconstant or unsettled person.
FRISK'ET, n. [Fr. frisquette.] In printing, the light frame
by which a sheet of paper is confined to the tympan to be
laid on the form for impression.
FRISK'FUL, a. Brisk ; lively. Thomson.
FRISK'I-NESS, 71. Briskness and frequency of motion ,
gayety ; liveliness ; a dancing or leaping in frolick.
FRISK'ING, ppr. Leaping ; skipping ; dancing about j
moving with life and gayety.
FRISK'Y, a. Gay ; lively.
FRIT, n. [Fr.fritte.] In the manufacture of glass, the mat-
ter of which glass is made after it has been calcined or
baked in a furnace.
FRITH, 11. [h.fretmn,] 1. A narrow passage of the sea ;
a strait. It is used for the opening of a river into the sea.
2. A kind of wear for catching fish.
FRITH, n. [W. frith, 01 friz.] 1. A forest ; a woody place.
2. A small field taken out of a common.
fFRITH'Y, a. Woody. Skelton.
FRIT'IL-LA-RY, 71. lL,.fritillus.] The crown imperial, a
genus of plants.
t FRIT'I-N AN-CY, n. [L. fritinnic] The scream of an in-
sect, as the cricket or cipada. Brown.
FRIT'TER, 71. [It. frittella.] 1. A small pancake ; also, a
small piece of meat fried. 2. A fragment ; a shred ; a
small piece.
FRIT'TER, V. t. 1. To cut meat into small pieces to be fried.
2. To break into small pieces or fragments. — To fritter
away, is to diminish ; to pare off.
FRI-VOL'I-TY. See Feivolousness.
FRIV'0-LOyS, a. [L. frivolus.] Slight ; trifling ; triviaf:
of little weight, worth or importance ; not worth notice.
FRIV'O-LOUS-NESS, 7i. The quality of being trifling, or
of very little worth or importance; want of consequence.
FRIV'O-LOUS-LY, adv. In a trifling manner.
FRIZ, v.t. [Sp. frisar.] 1. To curl; to crisp; to form
into small curls with a crisping-pin. 2. To form the nap
of clotli into little hard burs, prominences or knobs.
FRIZED, pp. Curled ; formed into little burs on cloth.
FRIZ'ING, ppi-. Curling ; forming little hard burs on cloth
FRIZ'ZLE, V. t. To curl ; to crisp; as hak. Oay.
FRIZ'ZLED, pp. Curled ; crisped.
FRIZ'ZLER, 71. One who makes short curls.
FRIZ'ZLING, ppr. Curling ; crisping.
FRO, adv. [Sax. fra.] From ; away ; back or backward ; as
in the phrase, to and fro.
FROCK, n. [Fr. froc] An upper coat, or an outer gar-
ment. The word is now used for a loose garment or
sJiirt, worn by men over their other clotlies, and for a kind
of gown open behind, worn by females.
FROG, 71. [Hax. froga.] 1. An amphibious animal of the
genus ra?ia. — 2. In farriery. See Frush.
FROG'BIT, 71. A plant, the hydrocharis.
FROG'FISH, 71. 1. An animal of Surinam. 2. The lophius,
or fishing-frog.
FROG'LET-TUCE, n A plant.
FROG'GRASS, n. A plant.
FROG'GY, a. Having frogs. Sherwood.
FROISE, n. [Fr. froisser.] A kind of food made by frying
bacon inclosed in a pancake. Todd.
FROL'ICK, a. [G. frohlich.] Gay ; merry ; full of levity ,
dancing, playing or frisking about ; full of pranks.
FROL'ICK, 71. 1. A wild prank ; a flight of levity, or gay-
ety and mirth. 2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in
dancing or play.
FROL'ICK, V. i. To play wild pranks ; to play tricks of lev
ity, mirth and gayety.
tFliOL'ICK-LY, arfu. With mirth and gayety. Beaumont
t FROL'ieK-NESS, n. Pranks 3 wildness of gayety ; frolick
someness.
FROL-ICK'SoME, a. Full of gayety and mirth; given to
pranks.
FROL'ICK-SoME-LY, adv. With wild gayety.
FROL'ICK-SoME-NESS, 7?. Gayety ; wild pranks.
FROM, p7-ep. [Sax.fram ; Goth, fram.] The sense of from
may be expressed by the noun distance, or by the adjec-
tive distant, or by the participles, departing, removing to
a distance. — The sense of from is literal or figurative, bat
it is uniformly the same. — In certain phrases, generally 01
always elliptical, from is followed by certain adverbs,
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j— BULL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete
FRO
362
FRU
denoting place, region or position, indefinitely, no precise
point being expressed ; as, From above, from the upper
regions ; From afar, from a distance ; Frovi beneath,
from a place or region below ; From below, from a lower
place ; From behind, from a place or position in the rear ;
From far, from a distant place ; From high, from on high,
from a high place, from an upper region, or from heaven j
From hence, from this place — but from is superfluous
before hence ; ^From thence, from that place, from being
superfluous ; From whence, from which place, from be-
ing superfluous ; From where, from which place ; From
within, from the interior or inside ; From without, from
the outside, from abroad. — From precedes another prepo-
sition, followed by its proper object or case ; as. From
amidst. From among. From beneath, From beyoiid.
FROM'WARD, adv. [Sax.framaxiiweard.] Away from;
the contrary of toward.
FROND, n. [L. frons.] In botany, a term which Linne ap-
plies to the peculiar leafing of palms and ferns.
FRON-Da'TION, n. A lopping of trees. Evelyn.
FRON-DES'CENCE, n. [L. froiidesco.] In botany, the
precise time of the year and month in which each species
of plants unfolds its leaves.
FRON-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. frons and fero.] Producing
fronds,
FROND'OUS, a. Afrondous flower is one which is leafy.
* FRONT, n. [L. frons, frontis ; Fr. front.} 1. Properly,
the forehead, or part of the face above the eyes ; hence,
the whole face. 2. The forehead or face, as expressive
of the temper or disposition. 3. The forepart of any
thing. 4. The forepart or van of an army or a body of
troops. 5. The part or place before the face, or opposed
to it, or to the forepart of a thing. 6. The most con-
spicuous part or particular. 7. Impudence ; as, men of
front.
FRONT, V. t. 1. To oppose face to face ; to oppose directly.
2. To stand opposed or opposite, or over against any
thing.
FRONT, V. i. 1. To stand foremost. Shak. 2. To have
the face or front towards any point of compass.
FRONT'AL, n. ['L.frontale ;' Fr.fr 07ital.] 1. In medicine,
a medicament or preparation to be applied to the foreliead.
— ^2. In architecture, a little pediment or frontpiece, over
a small door or window. — 3. In Jewish ceremonies, a front-
al or browband, consisting of four pieces of vellum, laid
on leather, and tied round the forehead in the syna-
gogue ; each piece containing some text of Scripture.
FRON'TA-TED, a. [L. frons.] The frontated leaf of a
flower grows broader and broader, and at last, perhaps, ter-
minates in a right line ; in opposition to cuspated, which
is, wnen the leaves end in a point. Quincy.
FRoNT'BOX, n. The box in a playhouse before the rest.
FRONT'ED^a. Formed with a front. Milton.
* FRONT-IeK , n. [Fr. frontiere.] The marches ; the bor-
der, confine or extreme part of a country, bordering on
another country.
*FRONT-IeR', a. Lying on the exterior part ; bordering;
contermijious.
FRONT-IeR'ED, (front-erd') a. Guarded on the frontiers.
FR0N-TI-NA€', \ (fron-tin-yakO n. A species of French
FRON-TIN-IAC , ) wine, named from the place in Lan-
guedoc where it is produced.
FRONT'IS-PIeCE, 7?,. [L. frontispkium.] 1. In architect-
ure, the principal face of a building ; the face that direct-
ly presents itself to the eye. 2. An ornamental figure or
engraving fronting the first page of a book, or at the be-
ginning.
FRONT'LESS, a. Wanting shame or modesty ; not difli-
dent. Dryden.
FRONT'LET, n. A frontal or browband ; a fillet or band
worn on the forehead. See Frontal.
FRONT'ROOM, n. A room or apartment in the forepart of
a house.
t FROP'PISH, a. Peevish ; froward. Clarendon.
t FRORE, a. [G. fror, gefroren.] Frozen. Milton.
FRORNE, a. Frozen.
fFRo'RY, a. 1. Frozen. Spenser. 2. Covered with a froth
resembling hoar-frost. Fairfax.
FROST, n. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan. frost.] i. A fluid con-
gealea by cold into ice or crystals. 2. The act of freez-
ing ; congelation of fluids. — 3. In physiology, that state or
temperature of the air which occasions freezing or the
congelation of water. 4. The appearance of plants spark-
ling with icy crystals.
FROST, V. t. 1. In cookery, to cover or sprinkle with a
composition of sugar, resembling hoar-frost. 2. To cover
with anv thing resembling hoar-frost.
FROST'BIT-TEN, (frost'bit-tn) a. Nipped, withered or af-
fected by frost.
FROST'ED,pp. 1. Covered with a composition like white
frost. 2. a. Having hair changed to a gray or white col-
or, as if covered vt^ith hoar-frost.
FROST'I-LY, adv. 1. With frost or excessive cold. 2.
Witliout warmth of affection; cold.y.
FROST'I-NESS, n. The state or quality of being frosty
freezing cold.
FROST'ING, ppr. Covering with something resembling
hoar-frost.
FROST'ING, n. The composition resemblmg hoar-frost,
used to cover cake, &c.
FROST'LESS, a. Free from frost. Swift.
FROST'NaIL, n. A nail driven into a horse-shoe, to pre-
vent the horse from slipping on ice.
FROST' WORK, n. Work resembling hoar-frost on shrubs
FROST'Y, a. 1. Producing frost ; having power to congeal
water. 2. Containing frost. 3. Chill in affection ; without
warmth of affection or courage. 4. Resembling hoar-
frost; white; gray-haired.
FROTH, n. [Gr. acppos ; Sw. fradga.] 1. Spume ; foam ;
the bubbles caused in liquors by fermentation or agitation.
2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence. 3,
Light, unsubstantial matter.
FROTH, V. t. To cause to foam. Beaumont.
FROTH, V. i. To foam ; to throw up spume ; to throw out
foam or bubbles,
FROTH'I-LY, adv. 1. With foam or spume. 2. In an
empty, trifling manner.
FROTH'I-NESS, n. The state of being frothy ; emptiness ;
senseless matter.
FROTH'Y, a. 1. Full of foam or froth, or consisting of
froth or light bubbles. 2. Sofl;; not firm or solid. 3.
Vain ; light ; empty ; unsubstantial.
FROUNCE, n. A distemper of hawks, in which white spit-
• tie gathers about the bill. Skinner.
FROUNCE, v.t. [Sp. fruncir.] To curl or frizzle the hair
about the face.
FROUNCE, n. A wrinkle, plait or curl ; an ornament of
dress. Beaumont.
FROUNCED, pp. Curled ; frizzled.
FROUNCE'LESS, a. Having no plait or wrinkle.
FROUN'CING, ppr. Curling; crisping.
FROU'ZY, a. Fetid ; musty ; rank ; dim ; cloudy.
tFROW, w. [G.frau; B. vrouw.] A woman.
FRo'WARD, a. [Sax. framweard.] Perverse, that is, turn-
ing from, with aversion or reluctance; not willing to
yield or comply with what is required ; unyielding ; un-
governable ; refractory ; disobedient ; peevish.
FRo'WARD-LY, advik Perversely ; in a peevish manner.
FRo'WARD-NESS, n. Perverseness ; reluctance to yield
or comply ; disobedience ; peevishness.
FROW'ER, n. A sharp edged tool to cleave laths.
FROWN, w. i. [Fr. refrogner.] 1. To express displeasure by
contracting the brow, and looking grim or surly ; to look
stern. 2. To manifest displeasure in any manner. 3. To
lower ; to look threatening.
FROWN, V. t. To repel by expressing displeasure ; to re
buke.
FROWN, n. 1. A wrinkled look, particularly expressing
dislike ; a sour, severe or stern look, expressive of dis-
pleasure. 2. Any expression of displeasure.
FROWN'ING, ppr. Knitting the brow in anger or displeas-
ure ; expressing displeasure by a surly, stern or angry
look ; lowering ; threatening.
FROWN'ING-LY, adv. Sternly ; with a look of displeas-
ure.
FROW'Y, a. [The same asfrouiy.] Musty ; rancid ; rank.
FRo'ZEN, (fro'zn) pp. o? freeze. 1. Congealed by cold. 2.
Cold ; frosty ; chill. 3. Chill or cold in affection. 4. Void
of natural heat or vigor.
t FRo'ZEN-NESS, n. State of being frozen, Bp. Oauden.
F. R. S. Fellow of the Royal Society.
t FRUB'ISH, for furbish.
FRUCT'ED, a. [1.. fructus.] In heraldry, hearing frnit.
FRUC-TES'CENCE, n. [L. fructus.] In botany, the pre-
cise time when the fruit of a plant arrives at maturity, and
its seeds are dispersed ; the fruiting season.
FRUC-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. fructus and fero.] Bearing or
producing fruit.
FRU€-TI-FI-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act of fructifying, or
rendering productive of fruit ; fecundation. — 2. In bota-
ny, the temporary part of a plant appropriated to genera-
tion.
FRUC'TI-F-?, i\ t. [Low L. fructifico ; Fr.fructijier.] To
make fruitful ; to render productive ; to fertilize.
FRUC'TI-Fy, v. i. To bear fruit. Hooker.
t FRUC-TU-a'TION, n. Produce ; fruit. Pownall.
FRU€'TU-OUS, a. [Fr. fructueux.] Fruitful; fertile ; also ,
impregnating with fertility. Philips.
t FRUC'TURE, n. Use ; fruition ; enjoyment.
FRtr'GAL, a. [L. fmgalis ; Fr., Sp. frugal.] Economical
in the use or appropriation of money, goods or provisions
of any kind ; saving unnecessary expense ; sparing ; not
profuse, prodigal or lavish.'
FRUGAL'I-TY, n. 1. Prudent economy ; good husbandry
or housewifery ; a sparing use or appropriation of money
or commodities ; a judicious use of any thing to be ex-
pended . 2. A prudent and sparing use or appropriation
of any thing.
•ee Synopsis, a, E, T, 0, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
FRU
363
tUL
t'RCGAL-LY, adv. With economy ; with good manage-
ment ; in a saving manner.
FRUG'GIN, 71. [Fr. fourgon.] An oven fork ; the pole
with which the ashes in the oven are stirred.
FRU-GIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. frugifer.] Producing fruit or
corn.
FRU-GIV'0-ROUS, a. [L. fruges ^rvA. vara.'] Feeding on
fruits seeds or corn, as birds.
FRUIT, n. [Fr. fruit; It. frutto.] 1. In a general sense,
whatever the earth produces for the nourishment of ani-
mals, or for clothing or profit. 2. The produce of a. tree
or other plant ; the last production for the propagation or
multiplication of its kind ; the seed of plants, or the part
that contains the seeds. — 3. Inbotany, the seed of aplant,
or the seed with the pericarp. 4. Production ; that which
is produced. 5. The produce of animals ; offspring ;
young. 6. Effect or consequence. 7. Advantage ; profit ;
good derived. 8. Production, etfect or consequence.
FRUIT, V. i. To produce fruit. Chesterfield.
FRuIT'AGE, n. [Fr.] Fruit collectively ; various fruits.
Mjlton.
FRuIT'BEaR-ER, n. That which produces fmit.
FRuIT'BEaR-ING, a. Producing fruit ; having the quality
of hearing finit. Mortimer.
FRuIT'ER-ER. n. One who deals in fruit.
FRuIT'ER-Y, 'n. [Fr. fruiterie.] 1. Fruit collectively
taken. 2. A fruitloft ; a repository for fmit.
FRuIT'FIJL, a. 1. Very productive ; producing fniit in
abundance. 2. Prolific ; hearing children ; not barren.
3. Plenteous ; abounding in any thmg. 4. Productive of
any thing; fertile. 5. Producing in abundance; gene-
rating.
FB UIT'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In suchamanner as to be prolific.
2. Plenteously; abundantly. Shak.
FRuIT'FJJL-NESS, ?!. 1. The quality of producing fruit in
abundance ; productiveness ; fertility. 2. Fecundity ; the
quality of being prolific, or producing many 5'oung. 3.
Productiveness of the intellect, 4. Exuberant abun-
dance.
FRuIT'-GROVE, n. A grove or close plantation of fruit-
trees.
FRU-l''TION, 71. [L. /ntor.] Use, accompanied with pleas-
ure, corporeal or intellectual , enjoyment ; the pleasure
derived from use or possession.
FRu'I-TlVE, a. Enjoying. Boyle.
F.fluIT'LESS, a. 1. Not bearing fruit; barren; destitute
of fruit. 2. Productive of no advantage or good effect ;
vain ; idle ; useless ; unprofitable. 3. Having no off"-
spring.
FRUIT'LESS-LY, o.dv. Without any valuable effect ; idly ;
vainly ; unprofilably.
FRuIT'LESS-NESS, 7^. The quality of being vain or un-
profitable.
FRtJIT'-LOFT, 7?. A place for the preservation of fruit.
FRuIT'-TIME, n. The time for gathering fruit.
FRuIT'-TREE, n. A tree cultivated for its fruit.
FRU-MEN-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L.. frumentaceus.] 1. Made of
wheat or like grain. 2. Resembling wheat.
FRU-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. [h. frumentarius.] Pertaining
to wheat or grain.
FRU-MEN-TI'TION, n. [L. fnimentatio.] Among the
Romans, a largess of grain bestowed on the people.
FRu'MEN-TY, n. [L. frumentum.^ Food made of wheat
boiled in milk.
t FRUMP, n. A joke, jeer or flout. Bp. Hall.
tFRUMP,_r. t. To insult. Beaumont.
\ FRUMP'iiJtt, 7/. A mocker ; a scoffer. Cotgrave.
t FRUSH, V. t. \_Fx.froisser.'\ To bruise ; to crush.
FRUSH, n. [G. frosch.'] In farriery, a sort of tender horn
that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse.
FRUS'TRA-BLE, a That mav be frustrated.
FRUS-TRa'NE-OUS. a. Vain ; useless ; unprofitable. [Lit-
tle iised.'\ South.
FRUS'TRATE, v. t. I'L.frustro.] 1. To defeat ; to disap-
point ; to balk ; to bring to nothing. 2. To disappoint.
3. To make null ; to nullify ; to render of no effect.
FRUS'TRATE, part. a. Vain ; ineffectual ; useless ; un-
profitable ; null; void; of no effect. Driidcn.
FRUS'TRA-TED, pp. Defeated ; disappointed ; rendered
vain or null.
FRUS'TRA-TING, ;7?r. Defeating : disappointing ; mak-
ing vain or of no effect.
FRUS-TRa'TION, n. The act of frustrating ; disappoint-
ment : defeat. South.
FRUS'TRA-TiVE, a. Tending to defeat ; fallacious.
FRUS'TRA-TO-RY, a. That makes void ; that vacates or
renders null. Ayliffe.
FRUS'TUM, 71. [L..] A piece or part of a solid body sepa-
rated from the rest. The frustum of a cone is the part
that remains after the top is cut off by a plane parallel to
the base.
FRU-TES'CENT, a. [L. frutex.] In botany, from herba-
ceous becoming shnibby. Martyn.
FRtJ'TEX, 71. [L.] In liotany, a shrub.
FRig'TI-€ANT, a. Full of shoots. Evelyn.
FRu'TI-€OUS, a. [L. fruticosus.] Shrubby.
FRY, V. t. [L. frigo.] To dress with fat by heating oi
roasting in a pan over a fire ; to cook in a fryingpan.
FRY, V. i. 1. To be heated and agitated ; to suffer the ac-
tion of fire or extreme heat. 2. To ferment, as in tJie
stomach. 3. To be agitated ; to boil.
FRY. 7!.. [Fr./rai.] 1. A swarm or crowd of little fish. 2.
Adish of any thing fried. 3. A kind of sieve.
FRY'IISG, ppr. Dressing in a fryingpan ; heating; agitat-
ing.
FRy'IXG-PAN, n. A pan with a long handle, used for fry
ing meat and vegetables.
t FUB, 71. A plump boy ; a woman. Todd.
FUB, V. t. To put off; to delay ; to cheat. Shak. ^
FUB'BY, a. Plump ; chubby. JVichols.
FU'CATE, i a. [L. fucatus.] Painted ; disguised with
Fu'€A-TED, \ paint ; also, disguised with false show.
Fu €US, n. [L.] 1. A paint ; a dye ; also, false show.
2. plu. FucusEs, in botany, a genus of aZ^ffi, or sea-weeds ;
the sea-wrack, &c.
FUD'DER of lead. See Fother.
FUD'DLE, V. t. To make drunk ; to intoxicate.
FUD'DLE, V. i. To drink to excess. L'Estrange.
FUD'DLED, pp. Drunk ; intoxicated.
FUD'DLER, n. A drunkard. Baxter.
FUD'DLING, ppr. Intoxicating ; drinking to excess.
FUDGE, a word of contempt.
Fu'EL, n. [Fr. feu ; Sp. fuego.] 1. Any matter which
serves as aliment to fire ; that which feeds fire ; combus-
tible matter. 2. Any thing that serves to feed or increase
flame, heat or excitement.
Fu'EL, V t. 1. To feed with combustible matter. 2. To
store with fuel or firing. Wotton.
Fu'ELED, pp. Fed with combustible matter ; stored with
firing.
Fu'EL-ER, n. He or that which supplies fuel.
Fu'EL-ING, ppr. Feeding with fuel ; supplying with
fuel.
FUFF, V. i. [G. pfuffen.] To blow or puff. Brockett.
FUFFY% a. Light and soft. Brockett.
FU-Ga'CIOUS, a. [L. fugax.] Flying or fleeing away ;
volatile.
FU-Ga CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of flying away ; vol-
atility.
FU-GAC'I-TY, n. [L. fugax.] 1. Volatility ; the quality
of flying away. 2. Uncertainty ; instability.
FuGH, or FOH, an exclamation expressing abhorrence.
FU'Gl-TlVE, a. [Fr. fugitif ; L. fugitivus.] 1. Volatile ;
apt to flee away ; readily wafted by the wind. 2. Not
tenable ; not to be held or detained ; readily escaping.
3. Unstable ; unsteady ; fleeting ; not fixed or durable.
4. Fleeing ; running from danger or pursuit. 5. Fleeing
from duty ; eloping ; escaping. 6. Wandering ; vaga-
bond. — 7. In literature, fugitive compositions are such as
are short and occasional, written in haste or at intervals,
and considered to be fleeting and temporary.
Fu'GI-TiVE, 71. I. One who flees from his station or duty ;
a deserter ; one who flees from danger. 2. One who has
fled or deserted and taken refuge under another power,
or one who has fled from punishment. 3. One hard to be
caught or detained.
FU'Gl-TiVE-NESS, n. 1. Volatility ; fugacity ; an aptness
to fly away. 2. Instability ; unsteadiness.
FUGUE, (fug) 71. [Fr. fugue ; L., t^p.. It. fuga.] In music,
a chase or succession in the parts ; that which expresses
the capital thought or sentiment of the piece, in causing
it to pass successively and alternately from one part to
another.
Fu'GUiST, 72. A musician who composes fugues, or per-
forms them extemporaneously. Busby.
tFUL'CI-BLE, a. [L. fulcibilis.] Which may be prop-
ped up.
FUL'CI-MENT, 71. [Tu. fulcimentum.] A prop; a fulcrum :
that on which a balance or lever rests. [Little used.]
FUL'€RATE, a. [L. fulcrum..] 1. In botany, a fulcrate
stem is one whose branches descend to the earth. 2. Fur-
nished with fulcres.
FUL'GRUM, ) n. [L.] 1. A prop or support.— 2. In me-
FUL ORE, ) chanics, that by which a lever is sustain-
ed. — 3. In botany, the part of a plant which serves to s-up-
port or defend it.
FUL-FILL', V. t. [full ^nA fill.] 1. To accomplish ; toper-
form ; to complete ; to answer in execution or event what
has been foretold or promised. 2. To accomplish what
was intended ; to answer a design by execution. 3. To
accomplish or perform what was" desired ; to answer any
desire by compliance or gratification. 4. To perform
what is required ; to answer a law by obedience. 5. To
complete in time. — 6. In general, to accomplish ; to com-
plete ; to carry into effect.
FUL-FILL'ED, (ful-fild') pp. Accomplished ; performed ;
completed ; executed.
FUL-FILL'ER, n. One that fulfills or accomplishes.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this.
t Obsolete
FITL
364
FUN
FUL-PILL'ING, ppr. Accomplishing ; performing ; com-
pleting.
FI^'L-FILL'MENT, ) n. 1. Accomplishment ; completion.
FUL-FILL'ING, \ 2. Execution; performance.
FUL FRAUGHT, a. Full-stored. Shak.
FiJL'GEN-CY, n. [L. fulgens.] Brightness ; splendor ;
glitter.
FUL'GENT, a. Shining ; dazzling ; exquisitely bright.
t FUL'GlD, a. [L. fulgidus.] Shining ; dazzling.
t FUL-GID'I-TY, w. Splendor; dazzling glitter. Diet.
F^UL'GOR, n. [L.] Splendor ; dazzling brightness. [Little
used.l More.
t FUL'GU-RANT, a. Lightening.
f FUL'GU-RATE, v. i. To flash as lightning. Chambers.
t FUL-GU-Ra'TION, n. [L. fulguratio.] Lightning ; the
act of lightening.
t FUL'GU-RY, n. [Ij.fulgur.] Lightning. Cockeram.
FUL HAM, n. A cant word for false dice. Shak.
FU-LIG-I-NOS'I-TY, n. [L. fuligo.] Sootiness ; matter
deposited by smoke. Kirwan, Oeol.
FU-LIG'I-NOUS, a. [Ij. fuligineus.] 1. Pertaining to soot ;
sooty ; dark ; dusky. 2. Pertaining to smoke ; resem-
bling smoke ; dusky.
FU-LIG'I-NOUS-LY, adv. By being sooty.
FU'LI-MART. See Foumakt.
FULL, a. [Sax., Sw. full.] 1. Replete ; having within its
limits all that it can contain. 2. Abounding with ; hav-
ing a large quantity or abundance. 3. Supplied ; not va-
cant. 4. Plump ; fat. 5. Saturated ; sated. 6. Crowd-
ed, with regard to the imagination or memory. 7. Large ;
entire ; not partial ; that fills. 8. Complete ; entire ; not
defective or partial. 9. Complete ; entire ; without abate-
ment. 10. Containing the whole matter ; expressing the
whole. 11. Strong ; not faint or attenuated ; loud ; clear;
distinct. 12. Mature ; perfect. 13. Entire ; complete ;
denoting the completion of a sentence. 14. Spread to
view in all dimensions. 15. Exhibiting the whole disk
or surface illuminated. 16. Abundant ; plenteous ; suffi-
cient. 17. Adequate; equal. 18. Well fed. 19. Well
supplied or furnished; abounding. 20. Copious; ample.
FFLL, n. 1. Complete measure; utmost extent. 2. The
liighest state or degree. 3. The whole ; the total ; in the
phrase, at full. 4. The state of satiety. — The fall of the
moon is the time when it presents to the spectator its
whole face illuminated.
FULL, adv. 1. Q,uite ; to the same degree ; without abate-
ment or diminution. 2. With the whole effect. 3. Ex-
actly. 4. Directly. — Full is prefixed to otlier words,
chiefly participles, to express utmost extent or degree.
FULL'-A-€ORNED, a. Fed to the full with acorns.
FIjLL'-BLOOMED, a. Having perfect bloom. Crashaw.
FiJLL'-BLoWN, a. 1. Fully expanded, as a blossom. 2.
Fully distended with wind. Dryden.
FULL'-BOT-TOM, r>. A wig with a large bottom.
FULL'-BOT-TOMED, a. Having a large bottom, aa a wig.
FULL'-BUTT, adv. Meeting directly and with violence.
i Vulgar.] L' Estrange.
FULL'-CHARGED, a. Charged to fullness. Shak.
FULL'-CRAMMED, a. Crammed to fullness. Marston.
FiJLL'-DRESSED, a. Dressed in form or costume.
FijLL'-DRIVE, a. Driving with full speed. Chaucer.
FULL'-eARED, a. Having the ears or heads full of grain.
benhaw,^
FULL'-EyED, a. Having large, prominent eyes.
FULL'-FaCED, a. Having a broad face.
FULL'-FED, a. Fed to fullness ; plump with fat.
FULL'-FRAUGHT, a. Laden or stored to fullness.
FtJLL'-GORGED, a. Over-fed ; a term of hawking.
FULL'-GRoWN, a. Grown to full size. Milton.
FtJLL'-HEART-ED, a. Full of courage or confidence.
FULL'-HOT, a. 1. Heated to the utmost. Shak. 2. Quite
as hot as it ought to be.
FULL'-La-DEN, a. Laden to the full.
FiJLL'-MANNED, a. Completely furnished with men.
FiJLL'-MOUTHED, a. Having a full, strong voice.
FULL'-ORBED, a. Having the orb complete or fully illu-
minated, as the moon ; like the full moon.
FULL'-SPREAD, a. Extended to the utmost. Dryden.
PtJLL'-SToM-ACHED, a. Having the stomach crammed.
FULL'-STUFFED, a. Filled to the utmost extent.
FilLL'-SUMMED, a. Complete in all its parts.
, FULL'-WINGED, a. 1. Having complete wings, or large
strong wings, 2. Ready for flight ; eager.
FULL, V. t. [Sax. fallian ; L. fullo.] To thicken cloth in
a mill ; to make compact ; or to scour, cleanse and thick-
en in a mill.
FULL' AGE, n. Money paid for fulling cloth.
FULLED, pn. Cleansed; thickened; made dense and
firm in a mill.
FULL'ER, n. One whose occupation is to full cloth.
FtJLL'ER'S-EARTH, n. A variety of clay.
FULL'ER'S-THIS-TLE, )n. Teasel, a plant of the genus
riJLL'ER'S-WEED, \ dipsacus. The burrs are used
in dressing cloth.
FULL'ER- Y, 71. The place or the works where the fulling
of cloth is carried on.
FULL'ING, ppr. Thickening cloth in a mill ; making compact
FIJLL'ING, n. The art or practice of thickening cloth, and
making it compact and firm, in a mill.
FULL'ING-MILL, n. A mill for fulling cloth.
FULL'NESS, n. 1. The state of being filled, so as to leave
no part vacant. 2. The state of aboundmg or being in
great plenty ; abundance. 3. Completeness ; the state
of a thing in which nothing is wanted ; perfection. 4.
Repletion ; satiety ; as from intemperance. 5. Repletion
of vessels. 6. Plenty ; wealth ; afiluence. 7. Struggling
perturbation ; swelling, b. Largeness ; extent. 9. Loud-
ness ; force of sound, such as fills the ear.
FIJLL'Y, adv. 1. Completely; entirely; without lack or
defect ; in a manner to give satisfaction ; to the extent
desired. 2. Completely ; perfectly.
FUL'MAR, ?!. 1. A fowl of the genus ^woceZZaria. 2. The
foulemart or fulimart. See Foumart.
FUL'MI-NANT, a. [Fr.; L./wZmmans.] Thundering.
FUL'MI-NATE, v. i. [L. fulmino.] 1. To thunder. 2. To
make a loud, sudden noise, or a sudden sharp crack ; to
detonate. 3. To hurl papal thunder ; to issue forth eccle-
siastical censures.
FUL'MI-NATE, v. t. 1. To utter or send out, as a denun-
ciation or censure. 2. To cause to explode.
FUL'MI-NA-TING, ppr. 1, Thundering ; crackling ; ex-
ploding ; detonating. 2. Hurling menaces or censures.
FUL-MI-Na'TION, 71. 1. A thundering. 2. Denunciation
of censure or threats, as by papal authority. 3. The ex-
plosion of certain chemical preparations ; detonation.
FUL'MI-NA-TO-RY, a. Thundering ; striking terror.
t FUL'MlNE, V. i. To thunder. Milton.
FUL'MlNE, V. t. To shoot ; to dart like lightning.
FUL-MIN'I€, a. Fulminic acid, in chemistry, is a peculiar
acid contained in fulminating silver.
* FUL'SoME, ) a. [Sax. ful.] Gross ; disgusting byplain-
*FlJLL'S6ME, \ ness, grossness or excess.
* FUL'SoME-LY, adv. Grossly ; with disgusting plainness
or cxcGss.
*FUL'S6ME-NESS, n. Offensive grossness, as of praise.
FUL'SoME, a. [Sax. ful.] 1. Nauseous ; offensive. 2.
Rank ; offensive to the smell. 3. Lustful. 4. Tending
to obscenity. [These are the English definitions of ful-
some, but I have never witnessed such applications of the
word in the United States.]
FUL'S6ME-LY, adv. Rankly ; nauseously; obscenely.
Eng.
FUL'SoME-NESS, n. Nauseousness ; rank smell ; ob-
scenity. Eng.
FUL'VID. See FtJLVous.
FUL'VOUS, a. [L. fulvus.] Yellow ; tawny ; saffron-
colored.
FU-Ma'DO, n. [L. fumus.] A smoked fish.
Fu'MAGE, M. [Ij. fumus.] Hearth-money. Diet.
Fu'MA-TO-RY, n. [Ft. fumeterre.] A plant.
FUM'BLE, V. i. [D. fommelen.] 1. To feel or grope about ;
to attempt awkwardly. 2. To grope about in perplexity ;
to seek awkwardly. Dryden. 3. To handle much ; to
play childishly ; to turn over and over.
FUM'BLE, V. t. To manage awkwardly ; to crowd or tum-
ble together. Shak.
FUM'BLER, n. One who gropes or manages awkwardly.
FUM'BLING, ppr. Groping ; managing awkwardly.
FUM'BLING-LY, adv. In an awkward manner.
FUME, n. [1,. fumus.] 1. Smoke ; vapor from combustion,
as from burning wood or tobacco. 2. Vapor ; volatile
matter ascending in a dense body. 3. Exhalation from
the stomach. 4. Rage ; heat. 5. Any thing unsubstan
tial or fleeting. 6. Idle conceit ; vain imagination.
FUME, V. i. [IL.fiimo ; Fr. fumer.] 1. To smoke ; to throw
off vapor, as in combustion. 2. To yield vapor or visible
exhalations. 3. To pass off in vapors. 4. To be in a
rage ; to be hot with anger.
FUME, V. t. 1. To smoke ; to dry ip smoke. 2. To per-
fume. 3. To disperse or drive away in vapors.
Fu'MET, n. The dung of deer. B. Jonson.
Fy-METTE',7i, [Fr.] The stink of meat. Swift.
Fu'MID, a. [1,. famidus.] Smoky; vaporous.
Fu'Ml-GATE, V. t. [L. fumigo.] 1. To smoke ; to per-
fume. 2. To apply smoke to ; to expose to smoke.
Fu'MI-GA-TED, pp. Smoked ; exposed to smoke.
Fu'MI-GA-TING, ppr. Smoking ; applying smoke to.
FU-MI-GA'TION,n. [l..fumigatio.] 1. The act of smoking
or applying smoke. 2. Vapors ; scent raised by fire.
FuM'ING, ppr. Smoking ; emitting vapors ; raging.
FuM ING-LY, adv. Angrily ; in a rage. Hooker.
FuM'ISH, a. Smoky ; hot ; choleric. [Little used.]
Fu'MI-TER, n. A plant.
FtJM'Y ' ( ^' P^^oducing fume ; full of vapor. Dryden.
FUN, n. Sport ; vulgar merriment. j1 low word.
FU-NAM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Performing like a rope-dan-
cer ; narrow, like the walk of a rope-dancer.
* See Synopsis a, E, I, O, V, "7, long.— FS.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Ohiolcte.
FUR
365
FUR
FU-NAM'BU-LIST, n. [L. funis and ambulo.] A rope-
walker or dancer.
* FU-NAM'BU-LO, In. [L. funambulus.] A rops-dancer.
f FU-NAM'BU-LUS, j Bacon.
FUNCTION, 71. [L. functio.] I. In a. general sense, the
doing, executing or performing of any thing ; discharge ;
performance. 2. Office or employment, or any duty or
business belonging to a particular station or character. 3.
Trade; occupation; [less proper.] 4. The office of any
particular- part of animal bodies. 5. Power ; faculty, ani-
mal or intellectual.
FUN€'TION-AL-LY, adv. By means of the functions.
Lawrence, Led.
FUN€'TION-A-RY, n. One who holds an office or trust.
FUND, n. [Fr. fond.] 1. A stock or capital ; a sum of
money appropriated as the foundation of some commer-
cial or other operation. 2. Money lent to government,
constituting a national debt ; or the stock of a national
debt. 3. Money or income destined to the payment of
the interest of a debt. 4. A sinking fund is a sum of
money appropriated to the purchase of the public stocks
or the payment of the public debt. 5. A stock or capital
to affiDrd supplies of any kind. 6. Abundance; ample
stock or store.
FUND, V. t. 1. To provide and appropriate a fund. 2. To
place money in a fund.
FUND'A-MENT, n. [L. fundamentum.] 1. The seat ; the
lower part of the body, or of the intestinum rectum. 2.
Foundation ; \jiot in wse.] Chaucer.
FUN-DA-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to the foundation or
basis ; serving for the foundation.
FUN-DA-MENT'AL, n. A leading or primary principle,
rule, law or article, which serves as the ground-work of
a system.
FUN-DA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. Primarily ; originally ; es-
sentially ; at the foundation.
FUND'ED, pp. Furnished with funds for regular payment
of the interest of.
FUND'ING, ppr. Providing funds for the payment of the
interest of.
FU-Ne'BRI-AL, a. [L. funebris.] Pertaining to funerals.
tFU-NE'BRI-OUS, a. [L,. funebns.] Funereal.
Fu'NER-AL, n. [It. ftinerale.] 1. Buriol ; the ceremony of
burying a dead body ; obsequies. 2. The procession of
persons attending the burial of the dead. 3. Burial ; in-
terment. Denham.
FtJ'NER-AL, a. Pertaining to burial ; used at the inter-
nient of the dead.
tFu'NER-ATE, 17. f. [L. funeratus.] To bury. Cockeram.
t FU-NER-A'TION, n. Solemnization of a funeral.
FU-Ne'RE-AL, a. 1. Suiting a funeral ; pertaining to
burial. 2. Dark ; dismal ; mournful. Taylor.
fFU-NEST', a. [L. funestus.] Doleful; lamentable.
Phillips.
FUN 'GATE, 71. [from fungus.] A compound of fungic acid
and a base. Coxe.
t FUN6E, n. [L. fungus.] A blockhead ; a dolt ; a fool.
Burton.
PUN'(jI€, a. Pertaining to or obtained from mushrooms.
FUN'Ctl-FORM, a. In mineralogy, having a termination
similar to the head of a fungus.
FUN GIN, 71. The fleshy part of mushrooms.
FUN'GITE, 7?. A kind of fossil coral.
FUN-GOS'I-TY, 71. Soft excrescence.
FUN'GOUS, a. [See Fungus.] 1. Like fungus or a mush-
room ; excrescent ; spungy ; soft. 2. Growing suddenly,
but not substantial or durable.
FUN'GUS, 71. [L.] 1. A ihushroom, vulgarly called a
toadstool. 2. A spungy excrescence in animal bodies, as
proud flesh formed in wounds.
Fu'NI-€LE, 71. [L. funiculus.] A small cord ; a small lig-
ature ; a fibre. Johnson.
FU-NI€'U-LAR, a. Consistmg of a small cord or fibre.
FUNK, 71. An offensive smell. [Vulgar.]
t FUNK, V. t. To poison with an ofl'ensive smell. Ring.
t FUNK, 7). i. To stink through fear. Epioram on J. Burton.
FUN'NEL, 71. [W. fynel.] 1. A passage or avenue for a
fluid or flowing substance, particularly, the shaft or hollow
channel of a chimney through which smoke ascends. 2.
A vessel for conveying fluids into close vessels ; a kind of
hollow cone with a pipe ; a tunnel.
FUN'NEL-FORM, ) a. Having the form of a funnel or
FUN'NEL-SHaPED, \ inverted hollow cone.
FUN'NY, a. [from fun.] Droll; comical.
FUN'NY, 7?.. A light boat.
FUR, 71. [Fr. fourrure.] 1. The short, fine, soft hair of
certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distin-
guished from the hair, which is longer and coarser. 2.
The skins of certain wild animals with the fur ; peltry.
3. Strips of skin with fur, used on garments for lining or
for ornament. 4. Hair in general. 5. A coat of morbid
matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with
fever.
FUR, V. t. 1. To line, face or cover with fur. 2. To cover
with morbid matter, as the tongue. 3 To line with a
board, as in carpentry.
fFUR, adv. [commonly written /ar.l A;adist mce. Sidney
FUR '-WROUGHT, (fur'rawt) a. Made of fur. Qay
FU-Ra'CIOUS, a. [L. furax.] Given to theft ; inclined to
steal ; thievish. [Little used.]
FU-RAC'I-TY, 71. Thievishness. [Little used.]
FUR'BE-LoW, n. [Fr., It., Sp. /aZiaZa.] A piece of siuflf
plaited and puckered, on a gown or petticoat ; a flounce ;
the plaited border of a petticoat or gown.
FUR'BE-LoW, v. t. To put on a furbelow ; to furnish with
an ornamental appendage of dress.
FURBISH, ?;. t. [It. forhirej Fr. fourUr.] Toruborscour
to brightness ; to polish ; to burnish.
FUR'BISH-A-BLE, a. That may be polished. Sherwood
FUR'BISHED, pp. Scoured to brightness ; polished ; bur-
nished.
FUR'BISH-ER, n. One who polishes or makes bright by
rubbing ; one who cleans.
FUR'BISH-ING, ppr. Rubbing to brightness ; polishing.
FUR'€ATE, a. [L. furca.] Forked ; branching like the
prongs of a fork. Lee, Botany,
FUR-€a'TI0N, 71. A forking ; a branching like the tine^;
of a fork. Brown.
t FUR'DLE, 7>. t. [Yr.fardeau.] To draw up into a bundle
Brown.
FUR'FUR, 71. [L.] DandruflT; scurf; scales like bran.
FUR-FU-Ra'CEOUS, a. [1,. furfur aceiLs.] Scaly; branny ;
scurfy ; like bran.
Fu'RI-OUS, a. [L. furiosus.] 1. Rushing with impetuosity ;
moving with violence. 2. Raging ; violent ; transported
with passion. 3. Mad ; phrenetic.
Fu'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With impetuous motion or agitation ;
violently ; vehemently.
Fu'RI-OUS-NESS, n I. Impetuous motion or rushing ; vi-
olent agitation. 2. Madness ; phrensy ; rage.
FURL, V. t. [Fr. ferler.] To draw up ; to contract ; to
wrap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay or mast, and
fasten it by a gasket or cord.
FURLED, j>p. Wrapped and fastened to a yard, &,c.
FURL'ING, ppr. Wrapping or rolling and ffistening to a
yard, &c.
FUR'LONG, 71. [Sax. furlang.] A measure of length ,• tl:e
eighth part of a mile ; forty rods, poles or perches.
FUK'LoUGH, ) n. [D. verlof.] 1. Leave of absence ; a
FUR'LoW, ) word used only in military affairs,
FUR'LoUGH, I V. t. To furnish with a furlough ; to grant
FUR'LoW, \ leave of absence to an officer or soldier.
FUR'MEN-TY. See Frumenty.
FUR'NACE, 71. [Fr. fournaise, fournean.] I. A place
where a vehement fire and heat may be made and main
tained, for nieltmg ores or metals, &c. — 2. In Scripture
a place of cruel bondage and affliction. Deut, iv. 3.
Grievous afflictions by which men are tried. Ezek. xxii,
4. A place of temporal torment. Dan, iii. 5. Hell ; the
place of endless torment. Matt, xiii.
FUR'NACE, V. t. To throw out sparks as a furnace.
t FUR'NI-MENT, 71. [Fr.fowrniment.] Furniture Spenser
FUR'NISH, V. t. [Fr. fcumir.] 1, To supply with an>
thing wanted or necessary. 2. To supply ; to store. 3.
To fit up ; to supply with the proper goods, vessels or
ornamental appendages. 4. To equip ; to fit for an ex
pedition ; to supply.
t FUR'NISH, 71. A specimen ; a sample Greene.
FUR'NISHED, a. Supplied ; garnished ; fitted with neces-
saries.
FUR'NISH-ER, 7i. One who supplies or fits out.
FUR'NISH-ING, ppr. Supplying ; fitting ; garnishing.
FUR'NISH-MENT, 71. A supply. Cotgrave.
FUR'NI-TURE, n. [Fr. fourniture.] 1. Goods, vessels,
utensils and other appendages necessary or convenient for
housekeeping. 2. Appendages ; that which is added for
use or ornament. 3. Equipage ; ornaments ; decorations.
FURRED, pp. Lined or ornamented with fur ; thickened
by the addition of a board.
FUR'RI-ER, n. A dealer in furs.
FUR'RI-ER-Y, n. Furs in genera . Tooke.
FUR 'RING, ppr. Lining or ornamenting with fur ; lining
with a board.
FUR'RoW, 71. [Sax. fur, or furh.] 1. A trench in the earth
made by a plough. 2. A long, narrow trench or channel
in wood or metal ; a groove. 3. A hollow made by
wrinkles in the face.
FUR'RoW, V. t. [Sax. fyrian.] 1. To cut a furrow; to
make furrows in ; to plough. 2 To make long, narrow
channels or grooves in. 3. To cut ; to make channels in j
to plough. 4. To make hollows in by wrinkles.
FUR'RoW-FaCED, a. Having a wrinkled face
FUR'RoW-WEED, n. A weed growing on ploughed land.
FUR'RY, a. 1. Covered with fur ; dressed in fur. 2. Con
sisting of fur or skins.
FUR'THER, a. [Bax. further, comparMive of forth.] I
More or most distant. 2. Additional.
FUR'THER, adv. To a greater distance.
• See Siinovsis^ McVE, BOOK, DOVE •— BIJL^., UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
GAB
366
GAD
FURTHER, V. t. [Sax. fyHhrian.] To help forward ; to
promote ; to advance onward ; to forward ; hence, to help
or assist.
FUR'THER-ANCE, n. A helping forward; promotion;
advancement.
FUR'-f HERED, pp. Promoted ; advanced.
FUR'T HER-ER, n. One who helps to advance ; a pro-
moter.
FUR'THER-MORE, adv. Moreover ; besides ; in addition
to what has been said.
FUR'THEPT, a. Most distant either in time or place.
FUR'THEoT, adv. At the greatest distance.
FUR'TIVE, a. [L.furtivus^ Fr.furtif.] Stolen 3 obtained
by theft. Prior.
FCRUN-€LE, n. [1,. furunculus.1 A small tumor or boil,
with inflammation and pain.
Fu'RY, 71. [L. furor, furia.] 1. A violent rushing ; impetu-
ous motion. 2. Rage ; a storm of anger ; madness 3 tur-
bulence. 3. Enthusiasm ; heat of the mind. — 4. In my-
thology, a deity, a goddess of vengeance ; hence, a stormy,
turbulent, violent woman.
FU'RY-LIKE, a. Raging ; furious ; violent. Thomson.
FURZ,7z. [Sax.fyrs.] Gorse 3 whin 3 a thorny plant of the
genus ulex.
FURZ'Y, a. Overgrown with furz 3 full of gorse,
FUS-€a'TION, n. Darkening or obscuring. Diet.
FUS CITE, n. A mineral. Phillips.
FUS'eOUS, a. [L. fiiscus.] Brown 3 of a dark color
FUSE, v.t. [L. fundo, fusum.] To melt 3 to liquefy by
heat 3 to render fluid 3 to dissolve.
FUSE, V. i. To be melted 3 to be reduced from a solid to a
fluid state by heat.
Fused, pp. Melted ; liquefied.
FU-SEE', 71. [Ft. fusee, fuseau.] The cone or conical part
of a watch or clock, round which is wound the chain or
cord.
FU-SEE', n. [Ft.] 1. A small, neat musket or firelock.
But we now use fusil. 2. Fusee or fuse of a bomb or gra-
nade, a small pipe filled with combustible matter, by which
fire is communicated to the powder in the bomb. 3. The
*FU-SI-BIL'I-TY, 72. The quality of being fusible, or of
being convertible from a solid to a fluid state by heat.
* Fu'SI BLE, a. [Fr-] That may be melted or liquefied.
Fu SI -FORM, a. [L. fusus, a sp'ndle, and form.] Shaped
like a spindle. Pennant.
FU'SIL, a. [Fr. fusile ; L. fusilis.] 1. Capable of being
melted or rendered fluid by heat. 2. Running 3 flowing,
asa liquid.
*FuSIL, 71. [Fr.] 1. A light musket or firelock. 2. A
bearing, in heraldry, of a rhomboidal figure, named from
its shape, which resembles that of a spindle.
FU-SIL-EER', n. Properly, a soldier armed with a fusil ;
but in modern times, a soldier armed like others of the
infantry, and distinguished by wearing a cap like a gren-
adier.
FtJ'SION, 71. [Li.fusio.] 1. The act or operation of melting
or rendering fluid by heat, without the aid of a solvent.
2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat ; a state
of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat.
Fu'SoME, a. Handsome 3 neat ; notable 3 tidy. Grose.
FUSS, 71. A tumult 3 a bustle. [A vulgar word.]
FUS SOCK, n. A large, gross woman. Grose.
FUS'SLE. See Fuzzle.
FUST, 71. [Fr. fut.] The shaft of a column.
FUST, 71. [Fi.fiit.] A strong, musty smell.
FUST, V. i. To become moldy ; to smell ill. 6hak
FUST'ED, a. iloldy ; ill smelling.
FUS TET, n. [Fr. 3 Sp., Port, fustete.] The wood of the
rhus cotinus, which yields a fine orange color.
FUSTTAN, (fust'yan) ?(. [Fr.futaine.] 1. A kind of cotton
stufi", or stufl" of cotton and linen. 2. An inflated style ot
writing ; a swelling style ; bombast.
FUST'IAN, a. 1. Made of fustian.— 2. In style, swelling
above tlie dignity of the thoughts or subject 3 too pompoi^ 3
ridiculously tumid 5 bombastic.
FUST'IAN-IST, n. One who writes bombast.
FUS'Tie, n. [Sp./iwfe.l The wood of the 7ftorws tmctoria,
a tree growing in the West Indies.
FUS-TI-Ga'TION, 71. [L. fustigatio.] Among the ancient
Romans, a. punishment by beating w'ith a stick or club.
FUST-I-La'RI-AN, n. A low fellow 3 a stinkard ; a scoun-
drel.
FUST'i'lUGS ( "* ^ Sross, fat, unwieldy person. Junius.
FUST'I-NESS,'?!. a fusty state or quality 3 an ill smell
from moldiness, or moldiness itself.
FUST'Y, a. Moldy 3 musty 3 ill-smelling 3 rank 3 rancid.
Shal:.
Futile, a. [Fr. ; 'L.futHis.] 1. Talkative; loquacious 5
tattling 3 [ohs.] 2. Trifling 3 of no weight or importance 5
answering no valuable purpose ; worthless. 3- Of no
efiect.
FU-TIL'I-TY, 71. 1. Talkativeness 3 loquaciousness ; lo-
quacity 3 [obs.] 2. Triflingness ; unimportance 3 want ot
weight or elTect. 3. The quality of producing no valu-
able effect, or of coming to nothing.
tFu'TI-LOUS, a. Worthless; trifling. Howell.
FUT'TOCK, n. [qu. font-hook, or corrupted from foot-lock. \
In a ship, the futtocks are the middle timbers, between
the floor and the upper timbers.
Fu TURE, a. [L. futunis ; Fr. futur.] 1. That is to be ot
come hereafter. — 2. The future tense, in grammar, is the
modification of a verb which expresses a future act or
event.
Fu'TURE, n. Time to come 3 a time subsequent to the
present.
fFu'TURE-LY, ado. In time to come. Raleigh.
FU-TU-RrTION, 71. The state of being to come or exist
hereafter. South.
FU-Tu'RI-TY, 7i. 1. Future time ; time to come. 2. Event
to come. 3. The state of being yet to come.
FUZZ, V. t. To make drunk. [^ loio word.] See Fuzzle.
FUZZ, V. i. To fly off" in minute particles.
FUZZ, 71. Fine, light particles ; loose, volatile matter.
FUZZ'BALL, 71. 1. A kind of fungus, which when pressed
bursts and scatters a fine dust. 2. A puff".
FUZ'ZLE, V. t. To intoxicate. Burton.
FUZ'ZY, a. Light and spungy. Craven dialect. Written
alsofozy by Brockett.
FY, exclam. A word which expresses blame, dislike, dis-
approbation, abhorrence or contempt.
G.
Gthe seventh letter and the fifth articulation of the Eng-
> lish Alphabet, is derived to us, through the Latin
and Greek, from the Assyrian languages. It has two
sounds, one hzird or close, as in gave ; the other soft, like
j or dzh, as in gem. It retains its hard sound in all cases,
before a, ana w ; but before e, i and y, its sound is hard
or soft, as custom has dictated, and its diff'erent sounds
are not reducible to rules. It is silent in some words ; as,
benign, condign.
As a numeral, G was anciently used to denote 400, and, with
a dash over it, G, 40,000. — In music, it is the mark of the
treble cliff"; and, from its being placed at the head, or mark-
ing the first sound in Guido's scale, the whole scale took
the name Gammut, from the Greek name of the letter.
GA, in Gothic, is a prefix, answering to ge in Saxon and
other Teutonic languages.
GAB, n. [Scot, gab.] The mouth 3 as in the phrase, the
gift of the gah, that is, loquaciousness. [A vulgar
phrase.]
GAB, V. i. [Sax. gabban.] 1. To talk idly 3 to prate. Chau-
cer. 2. To lie ; to unpose upon.
* GAB'AR-DINE, or GAB-AR-DiXE', 71. [Sp. gabardina.]
A coarse frock or loose upper garment 3 a mean dress.
Shak.
GABBLE, V. i. [D. gabheren.] 1. To prate 3 to talk fast, or i
to talk without meaning. 2. To utter inarticulate sounds
with rapidity.
GAB'BLE, 7i."l. Loud or rapid talk without meaning- 2
Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered, as of fowls.
GAB'BLER, n. A prater 3 a noisy talker 3 one that utters
inarticulate somids.
GABBLING, ppr. Prating 3 chattering 3 uttering unmean-
ing or inarticulate soimds.
GAB'BRO, n. In mineralogy, the name given by the Itahans
to the aggregate of diallage and saussurite.
GaBEL, 7!. [Fr. gabelle.j A tax, impost or duty 5 usually
an excise.
GA'BEL-ER, n. A collector of the gabel or of taxes.
Ga'BI-ON, n. [Fr. 3 It. gabbione.] In fortification, s large
basket of wicker-worfc,°of a cylindrical form, filled with
earth.
Ga'BIjE, n. [W. gavacl.] The triangular end of a house or
other building, from the cornice or eaves to the top. In
^m erica, it is usually called the gable-end.
Ga'BRI-EL-iTES, 7!. In ecclesiastical history, a sect of ana-
baptists in Pomerania, so called from one Gabriel Scher-
luig.
Ga'BRO-NITE, 71. A mineral. Cleaveland.
Ga'BY, 7i. A silly, foolish person. See Gawbt.
GAD, 7!. [Sax. gad.] 1. A wedge or ingot of steel. 2. A
* See Synopi^is A, K- f , O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD
t Obsolete.
GAl
307
GAL
style or graver. 3. A punch of iron with a wooden han-
dle, used by miners.
GAD, V. i. [Ir. gad.] 1. To walk about ; to rove or ramble
idly or without any fixed purpose. 2. To ramble in
growth. Milton.
GAD'A-BOUT, n. One who runs much abroad without
business. [.^ colloquial term.]
GAD'DEE., n. A rambler ; one that roves about idly.
GAD'BING, ppr. Rambling; roving; walking about.
GAIVDING-LY, adv. In a rambling, roving manner. Hu-
loet.
GAD'FLY, n. [Sax. gad, and fiy.] An insect of the genus
oestrus, which stings cattle ; called also the breeze.
t GAD'LING, a. Straggling.
GA-Do'LI-NITE, n. A mineral.
GAD'WALL, n. A fowl of the genus anas.
GaE'LI€, or Ga'LI€, a. [from Gael, Gaul, Gallia.] Ah
epithet denoting what belongs to the Gaels, tribes of
Celtic origin inhabiting the highlands of Scotland.
GaE'LI€, (ga'lik) n. The language of the highlanders of
Scotland.
GAFF, n. A fool. See Gi ff.
GAFF, n. [Ir. gaf.] 1. A harpoon. 2. A sort of boom or
pole, used in small ships.
GAF'FER, n. [Sax. gefere.] A word of respect, which
seems to have degenerated into a term of familiarity or
contempt. [Little used.]
GAF'FLE, n. [Sax. geaflas.] 1. An artificial spur put on
cocks when they are set to fight. 2. A steel lever to
bend cross-bows.
GAF'TY, a. Doubtful; suspected. Cheshire.
GAG, V. t. [W. cegiaw.] 1. To stop the mouth by thrusting
something into the throat, so as to hinder speaking. 2.
To keck ; to heave with nausea.
GAG, n. Something thrust into the mouth and throat to
hinder speaking.
GAGE, n. [Fr. gage.] 1. A pledge or pawn ; something
laid down or given as a security. 2. A challenge to com-
bat. 3. A measure, or rule of measuring ; a standard.
[See Gauge.] 4. The number of feet which a ship sinks
in the water. 5. Among letter-founders, a piece of hard
wood variously notched, used to adjust the dimensions,
slopes, &c. of the various sorts of letters. 6. An instru-
ment in joinery, made to strike a line parallel to the
straight side of a board. — A sliding-gage, a tool used by
mathematical instrument makers for measuring and set-
ting oii' distances. — Sea-gage, an instrument for finding
the depth of the sea. — Tide-gage, an instrument for de-
termining the height of the tides. — TVind gage, an instru-
ment for measuring the force of the wind on any given
surface. — Weather gage, the windward side of a ship.
GAGE, V. t. 1. To pledge ; to pawn ; to give or deposit as a
pledge or security for some other act ; to wage or wager ;
[obs.] 2. To bind by pledge, caution or security ; to en-
gage. 3. To measure ; to take or ascertain the contents
of a vessel, cask or sliip ; written also gauge.
GAGED, pp. Pledged ; measured.
Ga'GER, n. One who gages or measures the contents.
GAG'GER, 71. One that gags.
GAG'GLE, v. i. [D. gaggelen.] To make a noise like a
goose. *
GAG'GLING, n. Th3 noise of geese.
Ga'GING, ppr. Pledging ; measuring the contents.
GaH'NITE, n. A mineral, called also automalite.
GaI'LY, adv. [better written gayly.] 1 Splendidly ; with
finery or showiness. 2. Joyfully ; merrily.
GAIN, V. t. [Fr. gagner.] 1. To obtain by industry or the
employment of capital ; to get as profit or advantage ; to
acquire. 2. To win ; to obtain by superiority or success.
3. To obtain ; to acquire ; to procure ; to receive. 4. To
obtain an increase of any thing. 5. To obtain or receive
any thing, good or bad. 6. To draw into any interest or
party; to win to one's side ; to conciliate. 7. To obtain as
a suitor. 8. To reach : to attain to ; to arrive at. — To gain
into, to draw or persuade to join in. — To gain over, to draw
to another party or interest ; to win over. — To gain ground,
to advance in any undertaking ; to prevail ; to increase.
GAIN, V. i. 1. To have advantage or profit ; to grow rich ;
to advance in interest or happhiess. 2. To encroach ; to
advance on ; to come forward by degrees ; with on. 3.
To advance nearer ; to gain ground on. 4. To get ground ;
to prevail against, or have the advantage. 5. To obtain
influence with. — To gain the wind, in sea language, is to
arrive on the windward side of another ship.
GAIN, n. [Fr. gain.] 1. Profit; interest; something ob-
tained as an advantage. 2. Unlawful advantage. 3.
Overplus in computation ; any thing opposed to loss.
GAIN, n. [W. gdii.] In architecture, a beveling shoulder;
a lapping of timbers, or the cut that is made for receiving
a timber.
t GAIN, a. Handy ; dextrous.
GaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained or reached.
GaIN'AGE, n. In old laws, the same as wainage, that is,
guainage ; the horses, oxen and furniture of the wain, or
the instruments for carrying on tillage ; also the land it-
self, or the profit made by cultivation.
Gained, ^p. Obtained as profit or advantage; won; drawn
over to a party ; reached.
GaIN'ER, n. One that gains or obtains profit, interest or
advantage.
GaIN'FUL, a. 1. Producing profit or advantage ; profitab^" ,
advantageous ; advancing interest or happiness. 2. Lu-
crative ; productive of money ; adding ^ the wealth or
estate.
GaIN'FUL-LY, adv. With increase of wealth ; profitably ;
advantageously.
GaIN'FUL-NESS, n. Profit ; advantage.
f GaIN'GIV-ING, n. A misgiving; a giving against or
away. Shah.
GaIN'LESS, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable; no
bringing advantage. Hammond.
GaIN'LESS-NESS, 71. Unprofitableness ; want of advan-
tage. Decay of Piety.
|GaIN'LY, adv. HandUy ; readily; dextrously.
*GAIN-SaY', v. i. [Sax. gcan, or ongean, and sav.] To
contradict ; to oppose m words ; to deny or declare not to
be truewhat another says ; to controvert ; to dispute.
GAIN-SaY'ER, 7i. One who contradicts or denies what is
alledgedj an opposer. Tit. i.
* GAIN-SaY'ING, ppr. Contradicting ; denying ; opposing.
'GAINST. See Against.
IGaIN'STAND, v.t. [Sax. gean, and stand.] To with-
stand; to oppose; to resist. Sidney.
t Gain-strive, v. i. To make resistance.
fGAlN'STRIVE, V. t. To withstand.
GAIR'ISH, a. [Sax. gcarwian.] 1. Gaudy; showy; fine;
afiectedly fine ; tawdry. 2. Extravagantly gay ; flighty.
GAIR'ISH-LY, adv. Gaudily ; in a showy manner.
GAIR'[SH-NESS, n. Caud'iness ; finery ; ostentatious show.
2. Flighty or extravagant joy, or ostentation.
GAIT, n. 1. A going ; a walk ; a march ; a way. Shak
2. Manner of walking or stepping.
GaIT'ED, a. Having a particular gait, or method of walk-
ing.
GaI TER, n. A covering of cloth for the leg.
GaI'TER, v. t. To dress with gaiters.
Ga'LA, n. [Sp. gala.] A gala day is a day of pomp, show
or festivity, wlien persons appear in their best apparel.
GA-LA€'TiTE, n. A fossil substance.
I GA-LaGE', 71. [Sp. ^aZoc/m. See Galoche.] A wooden
shoe. Spenser.
G A-L AN GA, n. A plant, a species of the maranta.
GA-LAN'GAL, 71. Zedoary, a species of Icmmpfcria.
GA-LA'TIANS, 71. Inhabitants of Galatia.
*GAL'AX-Y, 71. [Gr. yaXa^ias.] 1. The milky way ; that
lon^, white, luminous track, which seems to encompass
th^heavens like a girdle. 2. An assemblage of splendid
persons or things. i?j3. I/^aZZ.
GAL'BA-NUM, ) n. The concrete, gummy, resinous juire
GAL'BAN, ) of an umbelliferous plant, called ferula
Africana.
GALE, 71. [Dan. gal ; Ir. gal.] A current of air; a strong
wind. In the language of seamen, the word gale, unac
coinpanied by an epithet, signifies a vehement wind, a
storm or tempest. jMar. Diet.
GALE, 71. A plant. Crabbe.
GALE, V. i. In seamen^s language, to sail, or sail fast.
Ga'LE-A, 77. [L. galea.] A genus of sea hedge-hogs.
GAL'E-AS, 71. A Venetian ship, large, but low built.
Ga'LE-A-TED, a. [L. galeatus.] I. Covered as with a
helmet. — 2. In botany, having a flower like a helmet, as
the monk's-hood.
GA-LEE'TO, n. A fish of the genus blennius.
GA-Le'NA, n. [Gr. ya\nvri.] 1. Originally, the name of the
theriaca. 2. Sulphuret of lead.
GA-LEN'ie, > a. 1. Pertaming to or containing galena.
GA-LEN'I-€AL, \ 2. [from Galen, the physician.] Re-
lating to Galen.
Ga'LEN-ISM, 71. The doctrines of Galen.
Ga'LEN-IST, 7!.. A follower of Galen.
Ga'LER-ITE, n. A genus of fossil shells.
GAL-I-Le'AN, 77. A native or inhabitant of Galilee. Also,
one of a_sect among the J ews.
GAL-I-Ma'TIA, 71. [Fr. galimatias.] Nonsense.
GAL'IOT, 71. [Fr. galiote.] 1. A small galley, or sort of
brigantine, built for chase. 2. Galiot, or galliott, a Dutch
vessel, carrying a main-mast and a mizzen-mast.
GAL/I-POT, n. [Sp.] A white resin or resinous juice.
GALL, n. [Sax. gealla ; G. galle.] 1. In the animal econo-
my, tlie bile, a bitter, yellowish-green fluid, secreted in
the glandular substance of the liver. 2. Any thin^ ex-
tremely bitter. 3. Rancor; malignity. 4. Anger; bitter-
ness of mind.
GALL'BLAD-DER, n. A small membranous sack, shaped
like a pear, which receives the bile from the liver by the
cystic duct.
GALL'SI€K-NESS, n. A remitting bilious fever.
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAw t Obsolete
GAL
36b
GAM
GALLSTONE, n. A concretion formed in the gallblad-
"der.
GALL, n. [L. galla ; Sax. gealla.] A hard, round excres-
cence on the oak tree in certain warm climates, said to be
the nest of an insect called cynips.
GALL, V, t. [Fr. galei-.] 1. To fret and wear away by fric-
tion ; to excoriate j to hurt or break the skin by rubbing.
2. To impair ; to wear away. 3. To tease ; to fret ; to
vex ; to chagrin. 4. To wound ; to break the surface of
any tiling by rubbing. 5. To injure ; to harass ; to annoy.
GALL, V. i. To fret ; to be teased. Shak.
GALL, 71. A wound in the skin by rubbing.
GAL'LANT, a. [Fr. galant ; Sp. galante.] 1. Gay 5 well-
dressed ; showy ; splendid ; magnificent 5 lohs.'] 2. Brave ;
high-spirited j courageous ; heroic j magnanimous. 3.
Fine ; noble.
GAL-LaNT', a. Courtly; civil; polite and attentive to la-
dies; courteous.
GAL-LANT', n. 1. A gay, sprightly man ; a courtly or fash-
ionable man. 2. A man who is polite and attentive to
ladies ; one who attends upon ladies at parties, or to
places of amusement. 3. A wooer ; a lover ; a suitor. —
4. In an ill sense, one who caresses a woman for lewd
purposes.
GAL-LANT', v. t. 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady. 2.
To handle with grace or in a modish manner.
GAL'LANT-LY, a<fy. 1. Gayh" ; splendidly. 2. Bravely ;
nobly ; heroically ; generously.
GAL-LANT'LY, adv. In the manner of a wooer.
GAL'LANT-NESS, n. Elegance or completeness of an ac-
quired qualification. Howell.
GAL'LANT-RY, n. [Sp. galanteria ; Fr. galanterie.] 1.
Splendor of appearance ; show ; magnificence ; ostenta-
tious finery. 2. Bravery ; courageousness ; heroism ; in-
trepidity. 3. Nobleness ; generosity. 4. Civility or po-
lite attentions to ladies. 5. Vicious love or pretensions
to love ; civilities paid to females for the purpose of win-
ning favors ; hence, lewdness ; debauchery.
GAL'LATE, n. A neutral salt fonned by the gallic acid
combined with a base. Lavoisier.
GAL'LE-Ai5S. See Galeas.
GALLED, pp. Having the skin or surface worn or torn by
wearing oi rubbing ; fretted ; teased ; iniured ; vexed.
G vi^LE-ON, 71. [Sip. galeon.] A large ship formerly used by
tlie Spaniards, in their commerce with South America,
usually furnished with four decks.
GAL'LER-Y, n. [Fr. galerie.] 1. In architecture, a covered
part of a building, commonly in tlie wings, used as an
emibulatory or place for walking. 2. An ornamental
walk or apartment in gardens, formed by trees. — 3. In
churches, a floor elevated on columns, and furnished with
pews or seats. A similar structure in a play-house. — 4.
In fortification, a covered walk across the ditch of a town,
made of beams covered with planks and loaded with
earth. — 5. In a mine, a narrow passage or branch of the
mine carried under ground to a work designed to be blown
up. — 6. In a ship, a frame like a balcony.
JAL'LE-TYLE, n. Gallipot. Bacon.
GAL'LEY, 71. ,• plu. Galleys. [Sp. galera.] 1. A low, flat-
built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with sails and
oars ; used in the Mediterranean. 2. A piace of toil and
misery. 3. An open boat used on the Thames by custom-
house officers, press-gangs, and for pleasure. 4. The
cook room or kitchen of a ship of war. 5. An oblong re-
verberatory furnace, with a row of retorts.
GAL'LEY-FOIST, n. A barge of state. Hakewell.
GAL'LEY-SLAVE, 7;. A person condemned for a crime to
work at tlie oar on board of a galley.
GALL'FLy, 71. The insect that punctures plants, and occa-
sions galls ; the cynips. Encyc.
t GAL'LIARD, (gal'yard) a. [Fr. gaillard.] Gay ; brisk ;
active. Chaucer.
^GAL'LIARD, n. A brisk, gay man ; also, a lively dance.
Bacon.
fGAL'LIARD-ISE, n. Merriment; excessive gayety.
fGAL'LIARD-NESS, 71. Gayety. Gayton.
GAL'LIC, a. [Gallia.] Pertaining to Gaul or France.
GALL'ie, a. [from gall.] Belonging to galls or oak apples ;
'derived from galls.
GAL'LI-€AN, a. [L. Gallicus.] Pertaining to Gaul or
France.
GAL'LI-CISM, n. [Fr. Gallicisme.] A mode of speech pecu-
liar to the French nation.
GAL-LI-GAS'KINS, n. [qu. Caligai Vasconum.] Large
open hope ; used only in ludicrous language.
GAL-LI-Ma'TIA, 71. Nonsense ; talk without meaning.
GALLI-MAU-FRY, n. [Fr. galimafree.] I. A hash; a
medley ; a hodge-podge ; [little us-e'd.] 2. Any inconsist-
ent or ridiculous medley. 3. A woman ; [obs.]
GAL-LI-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. gallinaceus.] 1. Designating
that order of fowls called gallium, including the domestic
fowls or those of the pheasant kind.
GALL'ING, ppr. 1. Fretting the skin; excoriating. 2. a.
'Adapted to fret or chagrin ; vexing.
GAL'LI-NTJLE, n. [L. gallinula.] A tribe of fowls of the
grallic order, included under the genus /wZica.
GAL'LIOT, or GAL'LEOT. See Galiot.
GAL'LI-POT, n, [D. gleye, and pot.] A small pot or vesse'
painted and glazed, used for containing medicines.
GAL-LIT'ZIN-ITE, 7?. Rutile, an ore cf titanium.
GAL'LI-VAT, n. A small vessel used on the Malabar coast
Todd.
GALL'LESS, a. Free from gall or bitterness.
GAL'LON, n. [Sp. galon.] A measure of capacity for dry
or liquid things, but usually for liquids, containing foui
quarts.
GAL-LOON', 72. [Fr. galon.] A kind of close lace made of
gold or silver, or of silk only.
GAL'LOP, V i. [Fr. galoper.] 1. To move or run with
leaps, as a horse ; to run or move with speed. 2. To ride
with a galloping pace. 3. To move very fast; to run
over.
GAL'LOP, n. The movement or pace of a quadruped, par-
ticularly of a horse, by springs, reaches or leaps.
GAL'LOP-ER, 7?. 1. A hoi-se that gallops ; also, a man that
gallops or makes haste. — 2. In artillery, a carriage which
bears a gun of a pound and a half ball.
t GAL'LO-PIN, n. [Fr.] A Servant for the kitchen.
t GAL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. agalwan.] To fright or terrify.
GAL'LO-WaY, 71. A horse or species of horses of a small
size, bred in Galloway in Scotland.
GAL'LoW-GLASS, 71. An ancient Irish foot soldier.
GAL'LoWS, 71. ; plu. Gallowses. [Sax. galg, gealga.]
1 . An instrument of punishment whereon criminals are
executed by hanging. 2. A wretch that deserves the gal-
lov/s ; [not uscd.^ Shak.
GAL'LoWS-FREE, a. Free from danger of the gallows.
Dry den.
GAL'LoW-TREE, n. The tree of execution.
GALL'Y, a. Like gall ; bitter as gall. Cranmer.
GAL'LY, n. [Port, gale.] A printer's frame.
GAL'LY-WoRM, n. An insect of the centiped kind.
GA-LoCHE', 71. [Fr., from Sp. galocha.] A patten, clog or
wooden shoe, or a shoe to be worn over another shoe to
keep the foot dry. It is written also galoshe.
fGAL'SoME, (gawl'sum) a. Angry; malignant.
GAL-VAN'I€, a. Pertaining to galvanism ; containing or
exhibiting it.
GAL'VAN-ISM, 71. [from Galvani, of Bologna, the discov-
erer.] Electrical phenomena, in which the electricity is
developed without the aid of friction, and in which a
chemical action takes place between certain bodies. Edin.
Encyc.
GAL'VAN-IST, n. One who believes in galvanism ; one
versed in galvanism.
GAL'VA-NiZE, v.t. To affect with galvanism.
GAL-VA-NOL'0-GIST, n. One who describes the phe-
nomena of galvanism.
GAL-VA-N0L'0-6Y, n. A treatise on galvanism, or a de-
scription of its phenomena.
GAL-VA-NOM'E-TER, t;. An instrument for measuring
minute quantities of electricity.
GA-MASH'ES, n. Short spatterdashes worn by ploughmen.
GAM-Ba'DoES, 71. Spatterdashes.
GAM'BET, 7?. A bird of the size of the greenshank.
GAM'BLE, v. i. To play or game for money.
GAM'BLE, v. t. To gamble away, is to squander by gam-
ing. Ames.
GAM'BLER, n. One who games or plays for money or other
stake.
GAM'BLING, ppr. Gaming for money.
GAM-BoGE', 71. A concrete vegetable juice, or gum-resin,
brought from Cambogia.
GAMBOL, V. i. [Fr. gambiller.] 1. To dance and skip
about in sport ; to frisk ; to leap ; to play in frolick. 2.
To leap ; to start.
GAM'BOL, 71. A skipping or leaping about in frolick ; a
skip ; a hop ; a leap ; a sportive prank.
GAM'BOL-ING, pjor. Leaping; frisking; playing pranks.
GAM'BREL, n. [It. gamba.] The hind leg of a horse.
Hence, in America, a crooked stick used by butchers. A
hipped roof is called a gambrel-roof.
GAM'BREL, v. t. To tie by the leg. Beaumont.
GAME, 71. [Ice. gaman ; Sax. gameji.] 1. Sport of any kind
2. Jest ; opposed to earnest ; [not used.] 3. An exercise
or play for amusement or winning a stake. 4. A single
match at play. 5. Advantage in play ; as, to play the
game into another's hand. 6. Scheme pursued ; measures
planned. 7. Field sports ; the chase, falconry, &c. 8.
Animals pursued or taken in the chase, or in the sports of
the field. — 9. In antiquity, games were public diversions
or contests exhibited as spectacles. 10. Mockery ; sport ;
derision.
GAME, V. i. [Sax. gamian.] 1. To play at any sport or di-
version. 2. To play for a stake or prize. 3. To practice
gaming.
GaME'COCK, n. A cock bred or used to fight ; a cock kept
for barbarous sport. Locke.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, lone — FiR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
GAO
369
GAR
GaME'-EGG, n. An egg from which a fighting cock is bred.
Garth.
GAME'KEEP-ER,7i. One who has the care of game.
GaME'LEG, n. fa corruption of gam, or cam, crooked, and
leg.] A lame leg.
GaME'SoME, a. Gay ; sportive ; playful ; frolicksome.
GaME'SOME-NESS, n. Sportiveness : merriment.
GaME'SoME-LY, adv. Merrily ; playfully.
GaME'STER, 71. 1. A person addicted to gaming ; a gam-
bier. 2. One engaged at play. 3. A merry, frolicksome
person ; [vot used.] 4. A prostitute ; [not in use.]
GaM'ING, ppr. Playing ; sporting ; playing for money.
GaM'ING, n. 1. The act or art of playing any game in a
contest for a victory, or for a prize or stake. 2. The prac-
tice of gamesters.
GaM'ING-HOUSE, n. A house where gaming is practiced.
Blackstone.
GaM'ING-Ta-BLE, n. A table appropriated to gaming.
GAM'MER, 71. [Sw. gammal.] The compellation of an old
woman, answering to gaffe?; applied to an old man.
GAM'MER-STANG, n. A great, foolish, wanton girl ; a hoi-
den ; an awkward girl. Craven dialect.
GAM'MON, n. [It, gamba.] 1. The buttock or thigh of a
hog, p'ckled and smoked or dried ; a smoked ham. 2. A
game, called, usually, back-gammon.
GAM'MON, v.t. ] . To make bacon ; to pickle and dry in
smoke. 2. To fasten a bowsprit to the stem of a ship by
several turns of a rope.
GAM'MON, V. t. In the game of back-gammon, the party
that, by fortunate throws of the dice, or by superior skill
in moving, withdraws all his men from the board before
his antagonist has been able to get his men home and
withdraw any of them from his table, gammons his an-
tagonist.
GAM'MUT, 7!. [Sp. gamma.] 1, A scale on which notes in
music are written or printed. 2. The first or gravest note
in Guido's scale of music, the modern scale.
GAN. A contraction of &e4m?i. [^ax. gynnan.]
GANCH, V. t. [It. gancio.] To drop from a high place on
hooks, as the Turks do malefactors,
GAN'DER, 71. [Sax, gandra.] The male of fowls of the
goose kind.
GANG, V. i. [Sax. gangan.] To go ; to walk. [Local, or
used only in ludicrous language.]
GANG, 71, [Sax,, D., Dan,, G, gang; Goth, gagg.] 1, A
company, or a number of persons associated for a particu-.
lar purpose. — 2. In seamen^s language, a select number of
a ship's crew, appointed on a particular service, under a
suitable officer. — 3. In mining, literally, a course or vein ;
appropriately, an earthy, stony, saline, or combustible
substance, which contains the ore of m.etals. [This is
improperly written gangne.]
GANG'BoARD, 71, Aboard or plank with cleats for steps,
used for walking into or out of a boat,
GANG'DAYS, 77, Days of perambulation,
GANG'HON, n, A flower, Ainsworth.
GANG'LI-ON, n. [Gr, yay-yXiov.] 1, In anatomy, a small
circumscribed tumor, found in certain parts of the nervous
system,— 2. In surgery, a movable tumor formed on the
tendons,
GAN'GRE-NATE, v. t. To produce a gangrene
GAN'GRENE, n. [Fr, ; L, gangrana.] A mortification of
living flesh, or of some part of a living animal body,
GAN'GRENE, v. t. To mortif", or to becin mortification in,
GAN'GRENE, v. i. To become mortified,
GAN-GRE-NES'CENT, a. Tending to mortification ; begin-
ning to corrupt or putrefy, as living flesh.
GAN'GRE-NOUS, a. Mortified ; indicating mortification of
living flesh,
GANGUE^ An incorrect spelling. See Gang.
GANG'VVaY, n. A passage, way or avenue into or out- of
any inclosed place, especially a passage into or out of a
ship, or from one part of a ship to another.
GANG' WEEK, n. Rogation week, when processions are
made to lustrate the bounds of parishes,
GAN'IL, n. A kind of brittle limestone. Kirwan.
GAN'NET, 77. [Sax. ganot.] The solan goose.
GaNT'LET, )n. [Fr. gantclet.] A large iron glove with
GAUNT'LET, \ fingers covered with small plates, former-
ly worn by cavaliers, armed at all points,— T'o throw the
gantlet, is to challenge, — To take up the gantlet, is to ac-
cept the challenge,
GANTLOPE, or GANT'LET, n. A military punishment
inflicted on criminals for some heinous offense, A simi-
lar punishment is used on board of ships. This word
is chiefly used in the phrase, to run the gantlet or gant-
lope.
GAN'ZA, 71. [Sp. ganso.] A kind of wild goose.
6a0L, (jale) n. [Fr. geble ; Arm, geol, or jol ; W. geol.]
A prison ; a place for the confinement of debtors and
criminals.
6aOL, (jale) V. t. To imprison ; to confine in prison,
GAOL-DE-LIV'ER-Y, (jale-de-liv'er-y)7i, A judicial pro-
cess for clearing jails of criminals, by trial and condemna
lion or acquittal
GaOL'ER, ( ja'ler) n. The keeper of a gaol or prisoner ; a
jailor.
GAP, n. 1. An opening in any thing made by breaking or
parting. 2. A breach. 3. Any avenue or passage ; way
of entrance or departure. 4. A breach ; a defect ; a flaw ;
as, a gap in honor or reputation. 5, An interstice ; a
vacuity. 6. A hiatus; a chasm. — To stop a gap, to se-
cure a weak point ; to repair a defect, — To stand in the
gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something,
GAPE, v. i. [Sax, geapan.] 1 To open the mouth wide,
from sleepiness, drowsiness or dullness ; to yawn. 2. To
open the mouth for food, as young birds. 3. To gape for
or after, to desire earnestly ; to crave ; to look and long
for. — To gape at, in a like sense, is hardly correct. 4. Tu
open in fissures or crevices. 5. To have a hiatus. 6. To
open the mouth in wonder or surprise. 7. To utter sound
with open throat. 8. To open the mouth with hope or ex-
pectation. 9. To open the mouth with a desire to injure
or devour.
GAPE, n. A gaping.
GAP'ER, 71. 1. One who gapes; a yawner. 2. One who
opens his mouth for wonder and stares foolishly. 3. One
who longs or craves. 4. A fish with six or seven bands
and tail undivided.
GAP'ING, ppr. Opening the mouth wide from sleepiness,
dullness, wonder or admiration; yawning; opening in
fissures ; craving.
GAP'TOOTHED, a. Having interstices between the teeth.
Dryden.
GAR, in Saxon, a dart, a weapon ; as in Edgar, or Eadgar.
a happy weapon ; Ethelgar, noble weapon.
GAR'A-GaY, n. A rapacious fowl of Mexico.
GARB, n. [Fr, garbe.] 1, Dress ; clothes ; habit, 2, Fash-
ion or mode of dress. 3. Exterior appearance ; looks, — 4.
[Sp. garba.] In heraldry, a sheaf of corn.
GAR'BAgE, n. The bowels of an animal ; refuse parts of
flesh; offal. Dryden.
GAR'BAGED, a. Stripped of the bowels. Sherwood.
GAR'BEL, n. The plank next the keel of a ship. See Gar-
BOARD-STREAK.
GAR'BISH, V. t. To exenterate. Barret.
GAR'BISH, 7!. Corrupted from garbage. Mortimer.
GAR'BLE, V. t. [Sp. garhillar.] 1. To sift or bolt ; to sep-
arate the fine or valuable parts of a substance from the
useless parts. 2. To separate ; to pick ; to cull out. Dryd
GAR'BLED, pp. Sifted ; bolted ; separated ; Culled out,
GAR'BLER, n. 1. One who garbles, sifts or separates, 2
One who picks out, culls or selects,
GAR'BLES, 71, plu. The dust, soil or filth, severed from
good spices, drugs, &c. Cyc.
GAR'BLING, ppr. Sifting ; separating ; sorting ; culling,
GAR'BoARD, n. The garboard plank, in a ship, is the first
plank fastened on the keel on the owXsi^e.—Qarboard-
strcak, in a ship, is the first range oi streak of planks laid
on a ship's bottom, next the keel,
fGAR'BOIL, n. [Old Fr. garbouil ; It. garbuglio.] Tumult
uproar.
GARD. See Guard and Ward.
GAR'DEN, 71. [G. garten ; W. garth ; It. giardino ; Sp,, Fr
jardin.] 1, A piece of ground appropriated to the cul
tivation of herbs, or plants, fruits and flowers, 2. A rich,
well-cultivated spot or tract of country ; a delightful spot .
— Garden, in composition, is used adjectively ; as, garden ■
mold.
GAR'DEN, V. i. To lay out and to cultivate a garden.
GAR'DEN-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make, tend
and dress a garden.
GAR'DEN-ING, ppr. Cultivating or tilling a garden.
GAR'DEN-ING, 7i, The act of laying out and cultivating
gardens: horticulture, jE7(C7/c,
GAR'DEN-MoLD, 71, Mold fit for a garden. Mortimer
GAR'DEN-PLOT, n. The plot or plantation of a garden.
Milton.
GAR'DEN-STUFF, 71. Plants growing in a garden ; vege-
tables for the table.
GAR'DEN-TIL-LAGE, 71. Tillage used in cultivating gar-
dens,
t GAR'DEN- WARE, 77, The produce of gardens.
GAR'DON, n. A fish of the roach kind.
GARE, n. Coarse wool growang on the legs of sheep,
GAR'GA-RISM, n. [L. gargarismus.] A gargle ; any liquid
preparation used tO wash the mouth and throat.
GAR'G A-RiZE, v. t. [Fr. gargariser.] To wash or rinse the
mouth with any medicated liquor.
GAR'GET, 71, A distemper in cattle,
GAR'GIL, n. A distemper in geese. Encyc.
GAR'GLE, V. t. \Yr. gargouiller.] 1. To wash the throat
and mouth with a liquid preparation, which is kept from
descending into the stomach by a gentle expiration of air.
2. To warble ; to play in the throat,
GAR'GLE, 77, Any liquid preparation for washmg the
mouth and throat. Wiseman.
See Synopsis
MOVE BOOK, D6VE •,— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ;
24
1 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete .
GAS
370
GAT
GAR'GLI-ON, n. An exsudation of nervous juice from a
bruise, which indurates into a tumor.
GAR'GOL, n. A distemper in swine. Mortimer.
GA'UISH. SeeGAiRisH.
GAR'LAND, n. [Fr. gicirlands.] 1. A wreath or chaplet
made of branches or flowers. 2. An ornament of flow-
ers, fruits and leaves intermixed, anciently used at the
gates of temples. 3. The top; the principal thing. 4. A
collection of little printed pieces. — 5. In ships, a sort of
net used by sailors instead of a locker or cupboard
GAR'LAND, tj. t. To deck with a garland. B Jnnson.
GAR'LI€, n. [Sax. garlec, or garleac] A plant of the genus
allium, having a bulbous root and strong smell.
GAR'LI€-eAT-ER, n. A low fellow. Shak.
GAR'LI€-PEaR-TREE, n. A tree in Jamaica.
GAR'MENT 71. [Norm, garnamcnt.'] Any article of cloth-
ing, as a coat, a gown, &c. — Garments, in the plural, de-
notes clothing in general ; dress.
GAR'NER, n. [Fr. grenier.] A granary ; a building or place
where grain is storerl for preservation.
GAR'NER, V. t. To store in a granary. Shak.
GAR'NET, 71. [It. granato ; Fr. grenat.] 1. A mineral
usually occurring in crystals.— 2. In ships, a sort of tackle
fixed to the main-stay.
GAR'NISH, V. t. [Fr. garnir.] 1. To adorn ; to decorate
with appendages ; to set off. 2. To fit with fetters ; a cant
term. 3. To furnish ; to supply. — 4, In law, to warn ; to
give notice. See Garnishee.
GAR'NISH, 71. I, Ornament 5 something added for embel-
lishment ; decoration. — 2. In jails, fetters ; a cant term..
3. Pensiuncula carceraria, a fee ; an acknowledgment in
money when first a prisoner goes to jail.
GAR'NISHED, pp. 1. Adorned ; decorated ; embellished.
2. Furnished. 3. Warned ; notified.
GAR-NISH-EE'j n. In law, one in whose hands the proper-
ty of an absconding or absent debtor is attached. Stat, of
Connecticut.
GAR'NISH-ER, n. One who decorates. Sherwood.
GAR'NISH-ING, ppr. Adorning ; decorating ; warning.
GAR'NISH-MENT, n. 1. Ornament ; embellishment. 2.
Warning ; legal notice to the agent or attorney of an ab-
sconding debtor. 3. A fee.
GAR'NI-TURE, n. Ornamental appendages ; embellish-
ment ; furniture ; diess. .Addison. Beattie.
Ga'ROTJS, a. [L. garum.] Resembling pickle made offish.
Brown.
GAR'RAN, or GAR'RON, n. [Ir. garran.] A small horse ;
a highland horse ; a hack ; a jade ; a galloway. Temple.
GAR'RET, 71. [Scot, garret.] 1. That part of a house
which is on the upper floor, immediately under the roof.
2. Rotten wood ; [ols.']
GAR'RET-ED, a. Protected by turrets. Carew.
GAR-RET-EER', n. An inhabitant of a garret ; a poor au-
thor.
GAR'RI-SON, (gar'r-^-sn) n. [Fr. garnison.] 1. A body of
troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. 2. A fort,
castle or fortified town, furnished with troops to defend
it. 3. The state of being placed in a fortification for its
GAR'RI-SON, V. t. I. To place troops in a fortress for its
defense ; to furnish with soldiers. 2. To secure or defend
by fortresses manned with troops.
GAR-RD'LI-TY, 71. [L. garrulitas.] Talkativeness ; loqua-
city ; the practice or habit of talking much ; a babbling or
tattling.
GAR'RU-LOUS, a. Talkative ; prating. Thomson.
GAR'TER, 71. [Fi: jarretiere.] 1. A string or band used to
tie a stocking to the leg. 2. The badge of an order of
knighthood in Great Britain, called the order of the garter,
instituted by Edward III. 3. The principal king at arms.
4. A term in heraldry, signifying the half of a bend.
GAR'TER, v.t. 1. To bind with a garter. 2. To invest
with the order of the garter. Warton.
GAR'TER-FISH, n. A fish having a long body.
GARTH, 71. [W. gart.'] I. A dam or wear for catching fish.
2. A close : a little backside ; a yard : a croft ; a garden ;
[oh,.]
Ga'RUM, 77. [L ] A pickle in which fish has been pre-
served.
GAS, 71. [Sax. gast ; G. geist ; D. geest.] In chemistry, a
permanently elastic aeriform fluid, or a substance reduced
to the state of an aeriform fluid by its permanent combi-
nation with caloric.
GAS'GON, 71. A native of Gascony, in France.
GAS'CON-aDE, n. [Fr., from Gascon, an inhabitant of
Gascony, the people of which are noted for boasting.] A
boast or boasting ; a vaunt ; a bravado ; a bragging Swift.
GAS-€ON-aDE , v.i. To boast ; to brag ; to vaunt ; to
bluster.
GAS'E-OUS, a. In the form of gas or an aeriform fluid.
GASH, n. A deep and long cut ; an incision of considerable
length, particularly in flesh. Milton.
GASH, V. i. To make a gash, or long, deep incision.
GASHED, pp. Cut with a long, deep incision.
GASH'FUL, a. Full of gashes 3 hideous.
GASH'ING, jTpr. Cutting long, deep incisions.
GAS-I FI-€a'TION, n. The act or process of converting
into gas.
GAS'I-FlED, pp. Converted into an aeriform fluid.
GAS'I-FY, v. t. [ms, and h. facia.] To convert into gas 01
an aeriform fluid by combination with caloric.
GAS'I-F'5^-ING, ppr. Converting into gas.
GAS'KET, n. [Sp. caxeta.] A plaited cord fastened to the
sail-yard of a ship, and used to furl or tie the sail to the
yard.
GAS'KINS, 71. plu. Galligaskins ; wide, open hose. See
Galligaskins. Shak.
GAS'LiGHT, 71. Light produced by the combustion of car-
bureted hydrogen gas.
GA-SOM'E-TER, 71. [gas, and Gr. iiSTpov.] In chemistry,
an instrument or apparatus, intended to measure, collect,
preserve or mix different gases.
GA-SOM'E-TRY, 71. The science, art or practice of mea-
suring gases. Coxe.
GASP, V. i. [Sw. gispa.] 1. To open the mouth wide in
catching the breath or in laborious respiration, particularly
in dying. 2. To long for ; [^obs.]
GASP, V. t. To emit breath by opening wide the mouth.
GASP, n. 1. The act of opening the mouth to catch the
breath. 2. The short catcli of the breath in the agonies of
death.
GASP'ING, ppr. Opening the mouth to catch the breath.
t GA^T'ER ( '"' *• '^^ make aghast ; to frighten. Shak.
tGAST'NESS, n. Amazement; fright. Shak.
GAS'TRIC, a. [Gr. yaaTrip.] Belonging to the belly, or
rather to the stomach.
GAS-TRIL'0-aUIST, n. [Gr. yaaTr,g, and L. loquor.] One
who speaks from his belly or stomach ; hence, one who
so modifies his voice that it seems to come from another
person or place.
GAS'TRO-CELE, n. [Gr. yaarvg and KriKri.] A rupture of
the stomach. Qimicy.
GAS'TRO-MAN-CY, 71. [Gr. yacT77p and ixavreia.] A kind
of divination among the ancients by means of words
seeming to be uttered from the belly.
GAS-TROR'A-PHY, n. [Gr. yaarvp and pa(pr].] The oper-
ation of sewing up w^ounds of the abdomen.
GAS-TROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. yaarrjp and re/^vw.] The opera-
tion of cutting into or opening the abdomen.
GAT, pret. of get.
GATE, 71. [Sax. gate, geat.] 1. A large door which gives
entrance into a walled city, a castle, a temple, palace or
other large edifice. 2. A frame of timber which opens or
closes a passage into any inclosure ; also, the passage
3. The frame which shuts or stops the passage of water
through a dam into a flume. 4. An avenue ; an opening ,
a way.
GaT'E'D, a. Having gates. Yotmg.
GaTE'VEIN, 77. The vena porta, a large vein which con-
veys the blood from the abdominal viscera into the liver.
Bacon.
GaTE'WaY, n. 1. A way through the gate of some inclo-
sure. 2. A building to be passed at the entrance of the
area before a mansion.
GATH'ER, V. t. [Sax. gaderian, or gatherian.] 1. To bring
together ; to collect. 2. To get in harvest ; to reap or cut
and bring into barns or stores. 3. To pick up ; to glean ;
to get in small parcels and bring together. 4. To pluck ;
to collect by cropping, picking or plucking. 5. To as-
semble ; to congi-egate ; to bring persons into one place
6. To collect in abundance; to accumulate; to amass.
7. To select and take ; to separate from others and bring
together. 8. To sweep together. 9. To bring into one
body or interest. 10. To draw together from a state of
expansion or diffusion ; to contract. 11. To gain. 12. To
pucker ; to plait. 13. To deduce by inference ; to collect
or learn by reasoning. 14. To coil as a serpent.— To
gather breath, to have respite ; [obs.] Spejiser.
GATH'ER, V. i. 1. To collect ; to unite ; to increase; to be
condensed. 2. To increase ; to grow larger by accretion
of like matter. 3. To assemble. 4. To generate pus or
matter.
GATH'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be collected ; that may be
deduced. [Unusual.] Godwin.
GATH'ERED, pp. Collected ; assembled ; contracted ; plait-
ed ; drawn by inference.
GATH'ER ER, n. One who gathers or collects ; one who
gets in a crop.
GATH'ER-ING, ppr. Collecting ; assembling ; drawing to-
gether ; plaiting ; wrinkling.
GATH'ER-ING, n. 1. The act of collecting or assembling.
2. Collection ; a crowd ; an assembly. 3. Charitable con-
tribution. 4. A tumor suppurated or maturated ; a collec-
tion of pus ; an abscess.
GATH'ERS, n. Plaits ; folds ; puckers ; wrinkles in cloth.
Iludibras.
* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Y, Zon<r.-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR EY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;- ^Obsolete.
GAZ
371
GEM
GAT'TER-TREE, n. A species of cornus, or cornelian
cherry. Fam. of Plants.
t GAT'-TOOTHED, a. Goat-toothed ; having a lickerish
tooth. Chaucer.
f GAUD, V. i. [L. gaudeo.] To exult; to rejoice.
f GAUD, n. [L. gaudium.] An ornament ; something worn
for adorning the person ; a fine thing.
t GAUD ED, a. Adorned with trinlcets ; colored. Shak.
GAUD ER-Y, n. Finery ; fine things ; ornaments.
GAUD I-LY, adv. Showily ; with ostentation of fine dress.
GAUD I-NESS, n. Sho;yviness ; tinsel appearance ; ostenta-
tious finery. Whitlock.
GAUD'Y, a. 1. Showy; splendid; gay. 2. Ostentatiously
fine ; gay beyond tlie simplicity of nature or good taste.
GAUD'Y, n. A feast or festival; a word in the university.
Cheyne.
GaUGE, (gaje) v.t. [Fr.jauger.} 1. To measure or to as-
certain the contents of a cask or vessel. 2. To measure
in respect to proportion.
GaUGE, ^.gaje) n. LA measure ; a standard of measure.
2. Measure ; dimensions.
Gauged, p;?. Measured.
GaUG'ER, (gajer) n. One who gauges; an officer whose
business is to ascertain tlie contents of casks.
GaUG'ING, (ga'jing) ppr. Meiasuring a cask ; ascertaining
dimensions or proportions of quantity.
GaUG'ING, ?i. The art of measuring tlie contents or capaci-
ties of vessels of any form. Ed. Encyc.
GaUG'ING-ROD. n An instrument to be used in measur-
ing the contents of casks or vessels.
GAUL, 7?. FL. Oallia.] A name of ancient France ; also,
an inhabitant of Gaul.
GAUL ISH, a. Pertaining to ancient France or Gaul.
GAUM, v.t. [lce\. gaum.'\ To understand. Morth of Eng-
land.
GAUM'LESS, a. Stupid ; awkward ; lubberly ; senseless.
JSTorth of England.
GAUNT, ; (gant) a. Vacant; hollow; empty, as an animal
GANT, ) after long fasting; hence, lean; meager; thin;
slender.
GaUNT'LY, (gant ly) adv. Leanly ; meagerly.
GaUNT'LET. See Gantlet.
GaUVE, v. t. To stai-e. Craven dialect.
t GaU'VI-SON, n. A weak, foolish fellow ; a silly, staring
fellow.
GAUZE, n. [Sp. gasa ; Fr. gaze.] A very thirf, slight,
transparent stuff", of silk or linen.
GAUZE'LOOM, n. A loom in which gauze is wove.
GAUZ'Y, a. Like gauze ; thin as gauze.
GAVE, pret. of give.
GAVEL, n. In /aw, tribute ; toll; custom. See Gabel.
GAVEL, n. [Fr. ja-yeiie.] 1. A small parcel of wheat, rye
or other grain, laid together by reapers, consisting of two,
three or more handfuls. JVew England. — 2. In England,
a provincial word for ground.
GAV'EL, tor gable or gable-end. See Gable.
GAV'EL-ET, 71. 1. An ancient and special cessavit in Kent,
in England, by which the tenant, if he withdraws his rent
and services due to his lord, forfeits his lands and tene-
ments. — 2. In London, a writ used in the hustings, given
to lords of rents in the city.
.'jAVEL-KiND, n. [W. gavael-cenedyl.] A tenure in £71 o--
land, by which land descended from the father to all his
sons in equal portions. It still exists in Kent. Black-
stone. Cyc.
5AVEL-0€K, n. [Sax.] An iron crow.
GAVI-LAN, n. A species of hawk.
GAV'OT, n. [Fr. gavotte.] A kind of dance.
t GAW'BY, n. A dunce.
GAVVK, n. [Sax. gcec, geac] 1. A cuckoo. 2. A fool ; a
simpleton.
GAWKY, a. Foolish; awkward; clumsy; clownish.
GAWK Y, 71. A stupid, ignorant, awkward fellow.
G AWN, n [corrupted for gallon.] A small tub or lading
vessel.
GAWN'TREE, n. [Scot.] A wooden frame on which beer
casks are set when tunned.
GAY, a. [Fr. gai.] 1. Merry ; airy ; jovial ; sportive ; frol-
icksome. 2. Fine ; showy. 3. Inflamed or merry with
liquor ; intoxicated ; a vulgar use of the word in America.
1 GAY, 7!. An ornament. L^ Estrange.
GAY'E-TY, 71. [Yr.raiete.] 1. Merriment; mirth; airiness
2. Act or juvenile pleasure. 3. Finery; show.
GaY'LY, adv. 1. Merrily; with nurth and frolick. 2.
Finely ; splendidly ; pompously.
GaY'NESS, 71. Gayety ; finery.
GaY'SoME, a. Full of gayety. [LittU used.]
Gx\ZE, V. i. [qu. Gr. aya^onai.] To fix the eyes, and look
steadily and earnestly ; to look with ' eagerness or curi-
osity.
GAZE, V. t. To view with fixed attention. Milton.
GAZE, 71 1. A fixed look ; a look of eagerness, wonder or
admiration ; a continued look of attention. 2. The object
gazed on ; that which causes one to gaze.
GaZE'FUL, u. Looking with a gaze ; looking intently.
GaZE'HOUND, n. A hound that pursues by the sight
rather than by the scent. Johnson.
GA-ZEL', n. [Fr. gazelle.] An animal of Africa and In-
dia, of the genus antilope.
t GaZE'MENT, n. View. Spenser.
GaZ'ER, n. One who gazes. Pope.
GA-ZET', n. [It. gazetta.] A Venetian half-penny. Mas-
singer.
GA-ZETTE', (ga-zef) n. [It. gazzetta ; Fr. gazette. Ga-
zetta is said to have been a Venetian coin, which was the
price of the first newspaper, and hence the, name.] A
newspaper.
GA-ZETTE', (ga-zef) v. t. To insert in a gazette ; to an-
nounce or publish in a gazette.
GA-ZETT'ED, pp. Published in a gazette.
GAZ-ET-TEER', n. 1. A writer of news, or an officer ap-
pointed to publish news by authority. Pope. 2. The title
of a newspaper. 3. A book containing a brief description
of empires, kingdoms, cities, towns and rivers, in a coun-
try or in the whole world, alphabetically arranged ; a
book of topographical descriptions.
GaZ'ING, ppr. Looking with fixed attention.
GaZ'ING-STO€K, n. A person gazed at with scorn or ab-
horrence ; an object of curiosity or contempt.
GA-ZON', 71. [Fr.] In fortification, pieces of turf used to
line parapets and the traverses of galleries.
GE, [Sax.] A particle often prefixed to Saxon verbs, parti-
ciples. &c.
tGEAL, v.i. [Fr. geler ; 1,. gelo.] To congeal.
Gear, n. [Sax. gearician, gyrian.] 1. Apparatus ; what-
ever is prepared ; hence, habit , dress ; ornaments. — 2
More generally, the harness or furniture of beasts ; tackle.
— 3. In Scotland, warlike accoutrements ; also, goods,
riches. 4. Business ; matters ; [obs.] 5. By seamen pro-
nounced jears, which see.
Gear, v. t. To dress ; to put on gear ; to harness
Geared, pp. Dressed ; harnessed.
GeAR'ING, ppr. Dressing; harnessing.
t GE-A'SON, a. Rare ; uncommon ; wonderful.
GeAT, 71. [D. gat.] The hole through which metal runs
into a mold in castings. Moxon.
tGECK, n. [G.gecki Sw. g&ck.] A dupe. Shak.
t GE€K, V. t. To cheat, trick or gull.
GEE, z). i. To fit ; to suit. Craven dialect.
GEE. ) A word used by teamsters, directing their teams to
JEE. \ pass further to the right, or from the driver, when
on the near side ; opposed to hoi or haw.
GEESE, 71. ; plu. of goose,
GEEST, n. Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of
recent origin. Jameson.
GE-HEN'NA, n. [Gr. yeevva.] This word has been used
by the Jews as equivalent to hell.
GEH'LEN-ITE, n. [from Gehlen.] A mineral.
* GEL'A-BLE, a. [L. gelu.] That may or can be congealed 3
capable of being converted into jelly.
GEL'A-TIN, 71. [It., Sp. gelatina.] A concrete animal sub-
stance, transparent, and soluble in water.
GEL'A-TIN, or GE-LAT'I-NOUS, a. Of the nature and
consistence of gelatin ; resembling jelly ; viscous; moder-
ately stiff" and cohesive.
6E-LAT'I-NATE, v. i. To be converted into gelatin, or
into a substance like jelly.
GE-LAT'I-NATE, v. t. To convert into gelatin, or into a
substance resembling jelly.
6E-LAT-I-Na'TION, n. The act or process of converting
or being turned into gelatin.
6EL'A-TI-NiZE, v. i. The same as gelatinate.
GELD, 71. [Sax. gild ; Dan. gield.] Money ; tribute ; com-
pensation. This word is obsolete in English, but it occurs
in old laws and lawbooks in composition; as in Dane-
geld, or Danegclt, a tax imposed by the Danes,
GELD, V. t. i pret. gelded, or gelt ^ pp. gelded, or gelt. [G.
geilen, gelten.] 1. To castrate; to ftmasculate. 2, To
deprive of any essential part. 3. To deprive of any thing
immodest or exceptionable.
GELD'ED, or GELT, pp. Castrated ; emasculated
GELD'ER, n. One who castrates.
GELD'ER-ROSE, 7?. A plant.
GELDING, ppr. Castrating.
GELD'ING, n. A castrated animal, but chiefly ahorse.
GEL'ID, a. [l^. gelidus.] Cold; very cold,
6E-LID'I-TY, n. Extreme cold.
GEL'ID-NESS, n. Coldness.
GEL'LY, v. [Fr. ^eZee.] 1, The inspissated juice of fruk
boiled with sugar, 2. A viscous or glutinous substance
See Jellt.
GELT, pp. of geld.
t GELT, n. for gelding.
t GELT, n. for gilt. Tinsel, or gilt surface. Spenser.
GEM, n. [L, gemma ; It, id.] 1. A bud. In botany, the
bud or compendium of a plant, covered with scales. 2
A precious stone.
See Srn-ipms MOVE, BQOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ' Obsolete
GEN
372
GEN
OEM, V. t. 1. To adorn with gems. 2. To bespangle. 3.
To embellish with detached beauties.
OEM, V. i. To bud ; to germinate. Milton.
GE-MAR'A, n. The second part of tlie Talmud.
GE-MAR'I€, a. Pertaining to the Gemara. Encyc.
GEM'EL, n. [L. gemellus.] A pair ; a term in heraldry.
Ge'MEL-RIJSG, ?i. [now written gimmal and gimbal-ring.]
Rings with two or more links.
6EM-EL-LIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. gemellus and pario.] Pro-
ducing twins. Diet.
OEM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. gemino.'] To double. [Little used.]
6EM-I-NA'TiON, n. A doubling 5 duplication; repetition.
Boyle.
6EM'I-Ni, n.^lu. [L.] Twins. In astronomy, a constel-
lation or s*n of the zodiac, representing Castor and
Pollux. jr
6EM'I-N0US: a. [L. geminus.] Double ; in pairs.
6EM'I-NY, Tti: Twms ; a pair ; a couple. Shak.
6EM'MA-RY,.ffl. Pertaining to gems or jewels.
fiEM-MA'TIOiN, n. [li. gemmatio.] In botany, hudding.
6EM'ME-OUSi a. [L. gemmeus.] Pertaining to gems ; of
the nature of gems ; resembling gems.
GEM-MIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. gemma and pario.] Producing
buds or gems. Martyn.
t GEM-MOS'i-TY, n. The quality of being a jewel. Diet.
GEM'MULE, 72. A little gem or bud. Eaton.
GEM'MY, a. 1. Bright 3 glittering; full of gems. 2. Neat;
spruce ; smart.
t GE-MoTE', n. [S^x.] A meeting. See Meet.
GEMS'BOK, n. The name given to a variety of the ante-
lope. ,/. Barro^o.\\
GEN-DARM', 71. In France, gens d'armes is the denomina-
tion given to a seW\^t body of troops, destined to watch
over the interior pubjfc safety.
GEN-DaR'MER-Y, 71. %!ebody ofgendarms. Hume.
6EN'DER, n. [Fr. genres It. genere ; L. genus.] 1. Prop-
erly, kind ; sort ; [obs.] ,\2. A sex, male or female. — 3. In
grammar, a difference inywords to express distinction of
sex ; usually a difference of termination in nouns, adjec-
tives and participles, to eSpress the distinction of male
and female.
GEN'DER, V. t. To beget. Se&ENGENDER.
GEN'DER, v. i. To copulate ; ta breed. Lev. xix.
6EN-E-A-L0G'I-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to the descent of
pei-sons or families. 2. According^ to the descent of a per-
son or family from an ancestor
GEN-E-AL'0-6IST, n. He who traces descents of persons
or families.
6EN-E-AL'0-6iZE, v. i. To relate the history of descents.
Trans, of Pausanias.
GEN-E-AL'0-GY, n. [h. ffenealogia.] 1. An account or
history of the descent of a person or family from an an-
cestor. 2. Pedigree ; lineage ; regular descent of a person
or family from a progenitor.
GEIS ER-A-BLE, a. That may be engendered, begotten or
produced. Bentley.
GEN'ER-AL, a. {Yr.,!.. generalis.] 1. Relating to a whole
class or order. 2. Comprehending many species or indi-
viduals ; not special or particular. 3. Lax in significa-
tion; not restrained or limited to a particular import ; not
specific. 4. Public ; common ; relating to or compre-
hending the whole community. 5. Common to many or
the greatest number. 6. Not directed to a single object.
7. Having a relation to all ; common to the whole. 8.
Extensive, though not univei-sal ; cojnmon ; usual.
GEN'ER-AL, 71. 1. The whole ; the total ; that which com-
prehends all, or the chief part. — 2. In general, in the
main ; for the mast part ; not always or universally. 3.
The chief commander of an anny. 4. The commander
of a division of an army or militia, usually called a major-
general. 5. Tlie commander of a brigade, called a briga-
dier-general. 6. A particular beat of drum or march,
being that which, in the morning, gives notice for the in-
fantry to be in readiness to march. 7. The chief of an
order of monks, or of all the houses rr consregations
established under the same rule. 8. The public -the inter-
est of the whole ; the vulgar ; [not iu use]
6EN-ER-AL-IS'SI-M0, 71. [It.] 1 The chief commander
of an army or military force. 2. The supreme coniman-
der ; sometimes a title of honor.
GEN-ER-AL'I-TY, n. [Fr. generalite.] 1. The state of
being general ; the quality of including species or par-
ticulars. 2. The main "body ; the bulk ; the greatest
part.
GEN-ER-AE-I-Za'TION, n. The act of extending from
particulars to generals ; the act of making general.
GEN'EE-AL-iZE, v. t. 1. To extend from particulars or
species to genera ; to make general, or common to a num-
ber "2. To reduce to a genus.
GEN'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. In general; commonly; exten-
sively, though not universally ; most frequently. 2. In
the main ; v/ithout detail ; in the whole taken together.
GEN'ER-AL-NESS, n. Wide extent, though short of uni-
versality ; frequency ; commonness. Sidney.
GEN'ER-AL-SHIP, 7z. The skill and conduct of a general
officer ; military skill in a commander.
GEN'ER-AL-TY, n. The whole ; the totality. ^Little used.]
Hale.
GEN'ER-ANT, n. [L. generans.] The power that gener-
ates ; the power or principle that produces.
GEN'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. genero.] 1. To beget ; to procre-
ate ; to propagate ; to produce a being similar to the pa-
rent. 2. To produce ; to cause to be ; to bring into life.
3. To cause ; to produce ; to form.
6EN'ER-A-TED, py. Begotten ; engendered ; procreated ;
produced; formed.
6EN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Begetting; procreating;. produc-
ing; forming.
GEN-ER-a'TION, n. 1. The act of begetting; procrea-
tion, as of animals 2. Production ; formation. 3. A
singl succession in natural descent, as the children of
the same parents ; hence, an age. 4. The people of the
same period, or living at the same time. 5. Genealogy;
a series of children or descendants from the same stock.
6. A family ; a race. 7. Progeny ; offspring.
GEN'ER-A-TiVE, a. 1 . Having the power of generating or
propagating ite own species. 2. Having the power of
producing. 3. Prolific.
GEN'ER-A-TOS, n. 1. He or that which begets, causes or
produces. — 2. In music, the principal sound or sounds by
which otliers are produced. 3. A vessel in which steam
is generated.
GS-NER'I€, \ a. [It. and Sp. generico ; Fr. generique.]
6E-NER'I-€AL, \ Per/;aining to a genus or kind ; com-
prehending the genus.
GE-NER'I-€AL-LY, adv. With regard to genus.
GEN-ER-OS'I-TY, n. [Fr. generosite.] 1. The quality of
beiHg generous ; liberality in principle ; a disposition to
give liberally or to bestow favors ; a quality of the heart
or mind opposed to meanness or parsimony. 2. Liberali-
ty in act ; bounty. 3. Nobleness of soul ; magnanimity.
GEN'ER-OUS, a, [L. generosus.] 1. Primarily, being of
honorable birth or origin ; hence, noble ; honorable ; mag-
nanimous. Addison. 2. Liberal ; bountiful ; munificent ;
free to give. 3. Strong ; full of spirit. 4. Full ; over-
flowing ; abundant. 5. Sprightly ; courageous.
6EN'ER-0US-LY, adv. 1. Honorably; not meanly. 2.
Nobly ; magnanimously. 3. Liberally ; munificently.
GEN'ER-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being generous ;
magnanimity ; nobleness of mind. 2. Liberality ; mu-
nificence ; generosity.
GEN'E-SIS, n. [Gr. yevtc:is.] 1. The first book of the Sa-
cred Scriptures of the Old Testament.— 2. In geomet^-y,
the formation of a line, plane or solid, by the motion or
flux of a point, line or surface.
GEN^ET, 71. [Fr.] 1. A small-sized, well-proportioned
Spanish horse. 2. An animal of the weasel kind.
6EN-ETH-Ll'A-€AL, or 6E-NETH'LI-A€, a. [Gr. yevsO-
\1aK05.] Pertaining to nativities as calculated by astrolo-
gers ; snowing the positions of the stars at the birth of any
person. [Little itsed.]
GE-NETH'LI-A€S, n. The science of calculating nativities,
or predicting the future events of life, from the stars which
preside at the birth of persons. [Little used.]
GE-NETII-LI-AT'I€, n. He who calculates nativities.
[Little zLscd.] Dmmmond.
GE-Ne'VA, 71. [Fr. genevre, or genicvre.] A spirit dis-
tilled from gi-ain or malt, with the addition of juniper ber-
ries. The word is usually contracted and pronounced
gin._
GE-Nk'VA Bi'BLE, n. The whole EngMsh Bible printed at
Geneva, first in 1560.
GE-Ne'VAN-ISM, 71. [Geneva.] Calvinism.
GEN-E-VOIS', (jen-e-va') n. plu. People of Geneva.
Ge'NI-AL, a. [L. genialis.] 1. Contributuig to propaga
tion or production ; that causes to produce. 2. Gay; mer-
ry. 3. Enlivening ; contributing to life and cheerful-
_ ness ; supporting life. 4. Native ; natural ; [not usual.]
GE'NI-AL-LY, adv. J . By genius or nature ; naturally ;
llittle used.] 2. Gayly ; cheerfully.
GE-NI€'U-LATE, v. t. [L. geniculo.] To joint or knot.
Cocker am.
6E-NI€'U-LA-TED, a. [L. geniculatus.] Kneed ; knee-
jomted ; haying joints like the knee a httle bent.
GE-NIC-U-La'TION, 71. Knottiness ; the state of having
knots or joints like a knee. Johnson.
fGE'NIE, 71. [Old Fr. genie.] Pysposition ; inclmation .
turn of mind.
Ge'NI-i, 71. [L. plu.] A sort of Imaginary intermediate
beings between men and angels; some good and some
bad.
6e'NI-0, n. [It., L. genius.] A man of a particular turn
of mind. Tattler.
GEN'I-TAL, a. [L. genitalis.] Pertaining to generation
or the act of begetting.
GEN'I-TALS, 7). plu. The parts of an animal which are
the immediate instruments of generation.
See Synopsis. A, K, T, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE^ BiRD;^ f Obsolete.
GEN
373
GEO
GENT-TING, n. [Fr. janeton.] A species of apple that
ripens very early.
6EN'I-TlVE, a. [L. genitivus.] In grammar, an epithet
given to a case in the declension of nouns, expressing pri-
marily the thing from vfhich something else proceeds.
6EN'I-TOR, n. One who procreates ; a sire ; a father.
OEX''I-TUE,E, 11. Generation 3 procreation; birth.
6e'NI-US, n. [L.] 1. Among the ancients, a good or evil
spirit or demon supposed to preside over a man's destiny
in life. 2. The peculiar structure of mind vphich is
given by nature to an individual, or that disposition or
bent of muid which is peculiar to every man, and which
qualifies him for a particular employment ; a particular
natural talent or aptitude of mind for a particular study or
course of life. 3. Strength of mind ; uncommon powers
of intellect; parJicaZarZ?,/, the power of invention. 4. A
man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind ; a man of
superior intellectual faculties. 5. Mental powers or fac-
ulties. _ 6. Nature ; disposition; peculiar character.
CtEN-O-eSE', 71. ^Z. The people of Genoa in Italy. Addison.
t GENT, a. Elegant ; pretty ; gentle. Spe/iser.
GEN-TEEL', a. [Fr. gentil.] 1. Polite ; weU-bred ; easy
and graceful in manners or behavior ; having the manners
of well-bred people. 2. Polite ; easy and graceful ; be-
coming well-bred persons. 3. Graceful in mien or form ;
elegant. 4. Elegantly dressed. 5. Decorous ; refined ;
free from anv thing low or vulgar.
GEN-TEEL'LY, adv. Politely ; gracefully ; elegantly ; in
the manner of well-bred people.
GEN-TEEL'NESS, n. 1. Gracefulness of manners or per-
son ; elegance ; politeness. 2. Qualities befitting a per-
son of rank.
GEN'TIAN, n. PL. gentiann.] A genus of plants.
GEN-TIAN-EL'LA, 71. A kind of blue color.
GEN'TIL, n. A species of falcon or hawk.
GEN'TiLE, 7). [L. gentilis.] In the Scri^fwre^, a pagan ;
a worshiper of false gods ; any person not a J ew or a
Christian ; a heathen.
GEN'TtLE, a. Pertaining to pagans or heathens.
t GSN-TI-LESSE', n. Complaisance. Hudibras.
GEN'TIL-ISH, a. Heathenish; pagan. Milton.
GEN'TILr-ISM, 71, Heathenism ; paganism.
GEN-TLL-I'TIOUS, a. [L. gentilitius.] 1. Peculiar to a
people or nation ; national. 2. Hereditary ; entailed on a
family. Arbzithnoi.
GEN-TIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. gentilite.] 1. Politeness of man-
ners ; easy, graceful behavior ; the manners of well-bred
people ; genteelness. 2. Good extraction ; dignity of
birth. 3. Gracefulness of mien. 4. Gentry ; [obs.] 5.
Paganism ; heathenism ; [obs.] Hooker.
GEN'TlL-iZE, V. i. To live like a heathen. Milton.
GEN'TLE, a. 1. WeU-born ; of a good family or respecta-
ble birth, though not noble ; \_obs.'] Milton. 2. Mild ;
meek ; soft ; bland ; not rough, harsh or severe. 3. Tame ;
peaceable ; not wild, turbulent or refractory. 4. Sooth-
ing ; pacific. 5. ^Treating with mildness; not violent.
GEN'TLE, n. 1. A gentleman ; [obs.] 2. A kind of
wonn.
t GEN'TLE, V. t. To make genteel ; to raise from the vul-
gar.
GEN'TLE-FoLK, n. Persons of good breeding and family.
It is now used only in the plural, gentlefolks, and tliis use
is vulgar.
<jtEN'TLE-MAN, n. [gentle.] I. In its most extensive
sense, m Great Britain, every man above the rank of
yeoman, comprehending noblemen. In a more limited
sense, a man, who, without a title, bears a coat of arms,
or whose ancestors have been freemen. — 2. In the United
States, where titles and distinctions of rank do not exist,
the term is applied to men of education and of good breed-
ing, of every occupation. Indeed this is also the popular
practice in Great Britain. 3. A man of good breeding,
politeness and civil manners, as distinguished from the
vulgar and clownish. 4. A term of complaisance. — 5. In
Great Britain, the seriiant of a man of rank, who attends
his person.
GEN'TLE-MAN-LiKE, or 6EN'TLE-MAN-LY, a. 1. Per-
taining to or becoming a gentleman, or a man of good
family and breeding ; polite ; complaisant. 3. Like a
man of birth and goo'd breeding.
6EN'TLE-Mx1N-LI-NESS, 71. Behavior of a weU-bred
man. Shertcood.
GEN'TLE-MAN-SHIP, n. Quality of a gentleman. Lord
Halifax.
GEN'TLE-NESS, 77. 1. Higaity of 'bvct'h; [little used.] 2.
Genteel behavior ; [obs.] 3. Softness of manners ; mild-
ness of temper ; sweetness of disposition ; meekness, 4.
Kindness ; benevolence ; [06s.] 5. Tenderness ; mild
treatment.
t GEN'TLE-SHIP, n. The deportment of a gentleman.
GEN'TLE-WOM-AN, n. 1. A woman of good family or of
good breeding ; a woman above the vulgar. 2. A woman
who waits about the person of one of high rank. 3. A
term of civility to a female, sometimes ironical.
t GEN'TLE-WOM-AN-LiKE, a. Becoming a gentlewom
an. Shenoood.
GEN'TLY, adv. 1. Softly ; meekly ; mildly ; with tender-
ness. 2. "Without violence, roughness or asperity.
GEN-TOO', n. A native of India or Hindostan ; one who
follows the religion of the Bramins.
GEN'TRY, n. 1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. 2.
People of education and good breedhig. In Great Brit-
ain, the classes of people betvveen the nobility and the
vulgar. 3. A term of civility ; civility ; complaisance ;
[obs.]
6E-NU-FLE€'TION, n. [L. geruu and j!ec«io.] The act of
bending the knee, particularly in worship.
GEN'U-INE, a. [L. genuimis.] Native; belonging to the
original stock; hence, real; natural; true; pure; not
spurious, false or adulterated.
GEN'U-lNE-LY, adv. "Without adulteration or foreign ad-
mixture ; naturally. Boyle.
GEN'U-lNE-NESS, n. The state of being native, or of the
true original ; hence, freedom from adulteration or foreign
admixture ; freedom from any thing false or counterfeit ;
purity ; reality.
Ge'NUS, 7?.,- ^Za. Genuses, or GsNERA. [1-t. genus.] Lin
logic, that which has several species under it; a class of
a greater extent than species. — 2. In natural history, an
assemblage of species possessing certain characters in
conmion.'by which they are distinguished from all others.
— 3. In botany, a genus is a subdivision containing plants
of the same class and order, which agree in their parts of
fmctification.
GE-O-CEN'TRIC, a. [Gr. 777 and Kevrpov.] Having the
earth for its centre, or the same centre with the earth.
Ge'ODE, n. [Gr. yaiuySvs-] Inmineralogy, around or round-
ish lump of agate or other mineral.
GE-OD'E-SY, 71. [Gr. yeoocaiata.] That part of geometry
which respects the doctrine of measurmg surfaces, and
finding the contents of all plain figures.
6E-0-DET I€, ) a. Pertaining to the art of measuring
GE-0-DET'I-€AL, \ surfaces.
GE-0-DIF'EE.-OUS, a. Producing geodes.
GE'OG-NOST, 71. One versed in geognosy ; a geologist.
GE-OG-NOS'TI€, a. Pertainmg to a knowledge of the
structure of the earth; geological.
GE-OG'NO-SY, n. [Gr. 7?;, the earth, and yvmaig, knowl-
edge.] That part of natural history which treats of the
structure of the earth. [This word is nearly synonymous
with geology. But some writers consider geognosy as
only a branch of geology ; includmg in the latter, hydrog-
raphv, geogony, meteorology, and even geography.]
GE-O-GON'ie, a. Pertaining to geogony.
GE-OG'0-NT, 77. [Gr. yrj and yov)].] The doctrine of the
formation of the earth.
GE-OG'EA-PHEB, 7?. One who describes that part of this
globe or earth, which is exhibited upon the surface. One
who is versed in geography, or one who compiles a trea-
tise on the subject.
GE-O-GRAPH l€, / a. Relating to or containing a de-
GE-0-GRAPHT-€AL, ^ scription of the terraqueous globe ;
pertaining to geographv.
6E-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a geograpliical manner.
GE-OG'RA-PHY^, n. [Gr. 7-7 and ypacpijj.] 1. A descrip-
tion of the earth or terrestrial globe, particularly of the
divisions of its surface, natural and artificial, and of the
position of the several countries, kingdoms, states, cities,
&c. 2. A book containing a description of the earth.
GE-0-LOGT-CAL, a. Pertainiag to geology; relating to
the science of the earth or terraqueous globe.
GE-OL'0-GIST, 71. One versed in the science of geology.
GE-OL'O-GY,?;. [Gr. 7?' and Ao/os.] The doctrine or sci-
ence of the structure of the earth or terraqueous globe, and
of the substances which compose it. See Geognosy.
GE'0-I\rAN-CER, n. One who foretells or divines, by
means of lines, figures or points on the ground or on pa-
per.
Ge'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yrj and jiavreia.] A kind of divi-
nation by means of figures or lines.
GE-0-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to geomancy.
GE-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ycwuErpris.] One skilled in geom-
etrv. See Geometrician.
GE-d3I'E-TRAL, a. Pertaining to geometry.
GE-0-MET'RI€, } a. [Gr. y£(»iiETpLKos.] 1. Pertaining
GE-0-MET'RI-€AL, \ to geometry. 2. According to
the rules or principles of geometry ; done by geometry
3. Disposed according to geometry.
6E-0-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. According to the rules or
laws of ceometry.
GE-0M-E-TRI"CIAN, n. One skilled in geometry ; a ge-
ometer. Watts.
6E-OM'E-TRlZE, v. t. To act according to the laws of ge-
ometry ; to perform geometrically.
GE-OM'E-TRY, 71. [Gr. ymiJETpia.] Thescienceof magni-
tude in general, comprehending the doctrine and relations
See Synovsi? M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
GET
374
GIA
of whatever is susceptible of augmentation and dimi-
nution ; as the mensuration of lines, surfaces, solids, ve-
locity, weight, &c., with their various relations.
tfE-O-PON'ie, a. [Gr. yrj and ttovoj.J Pertaining to tillage
of the earth, or agriculture.
VjE-O-PON'ICS, 71. The art of cultivating the earth.
6e'0-RA-MA, 91. [Gr. yv and opaixa.] An instrument which
exhibits a very complete view of the earth.
6E0RGE, n. 1. A figure of St. George on horseback ; worn
by knights of the garter. 2. A brown loaf
6EORGE'-No-BLE, 71. A gold coin in the time of Henry
VIII., of the value of 6s. 8d. sterling.
i!E0R'6l€, 11. [Gr. yewpyt/coj.] A rural poem ; a poetical
composition on the subject of husbandry, containing rules
for cultivating lands, in a poetical dress.
OEOR'Gie, a. Relating to the doctrine of agriculture and
rural affairs.
6E0R'GI-€AL, a. Relating to the doctrine of agriculture.
Oay.
6E0R'6I-UM Si'DUS. See Herschel.
6E-0S'€0-PY, n. [Gr. yr] and (xkottcw.] Knowledge of the
earth, obtained by inspection.
6E-OT'ie, a. [from Gr. yrj.] Belonging to the earth ; ter-
restrial.
6E-Ra'NI-UM, n. [L.] Crane's-bill, a genus of plants, of
numerous species.
6e'RENT, a. [L. gerens.] Bearing ; used in vicegerent.
6ER'FAL-€0N. See Gyrfalcon.
6ERM, 71. [L. germeyi.] 1. In botany, the ovary, or seed-
bud of a plant. 2. Origin ; first principle ; that from
which any thing springs.
6ER'MAN, a. [L. germanus.] 1. Cousins german are the
sons or daughters of brothers or sisters ; first cousins. 2.
Related; [0&5.]
GER'MAN, a. Belonging to Germany. ^
GER'MAN, 71. A native of Germany 3 and, by ellipsis, the
German language.
^ER-MAN'DER, n. A plant.
6ER-MAN'I€, a. Pertaining to Germany.
6ER'MAN-ISM, n. An idiom of the German language.
t GER-M.AN'I-TY, n. Brotherhood. Cockeram.
GERM'EN, 71. ,• pill. Germens. Now contracted to germ.
GERM'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to a germ or seed-bud.
GERM'I-NANT, a. Sprouting.
GERM'-I-NATE, V. i. [l^. germino.] To sprout 3 to bud 3
to shoot 3 to begin to vegetate.
GERM'I-NATE, v. t. To cause to sprout. {Unusual.}
GERM-I-Na'TION, 71. 1. The act of sprouting 3 the first
beginning of vegetation in a seed or plant. 2. The time
in which seeds vegetate.
6E-R0-€0M'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to gerocomy.
OE-ROe'0-MY, 71. [Gr. yepwv and /co/^ew.] That part of
medicine which treats of the proper regimen for old peo-
ple.
GERSE, 71. [Teut. gers, gars, gras."] Grass. Craven dia-
lect.
6ER'UND, n. [L. gemndium.] In the Latin grammar, a
kind of verbal noun, partaking of the nature of a partici-
ple.
t GES'LING, for gosling.
6EST, 71. [L. ffestum.] 1. A deed 5 action or achievement 3
[obs.] 2. Show 3 representation ; [obs.] 3. [Fr. gite.]
A stage in traveling 3 so much of a journey as is made
without resting ; or, properly, a rest 3 a stop 3 [obs.] 4. A
roll or journal of the several days and stages prefixed, in
the journeys of the English kings.
6ES-Ta'TI0N, 71. [L. gestcuio.] 1. The act of carrying
young in the womb from conception to delivery ; preg-
nancy. 2. The act of wearing, as clothes or ornaments.
3. The act of carrying sick persons in carriages, as a salu-
tary exercise, by wliich fevers have often been cured.
GES'TA-TO-RY, a. That may be carried or worn.
GEST'ie, a. Pertaining to deeds ; legendary,
GES-TIC'U-LATE, t;. i. [lu. gesticulor.] To make gestures
or motions, as in speaking ; to use postures.
GES-T1€'U-LATE, v. t. To imitate 3 to act. B. Jonson.
GES-TIC-U-La'TION, 71. [L. gesticulatio.] 1. The act of
making gestures to express passion, or enforce sentiments.
2. Gesture ; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking.
3. Antic tricks or motions.
6ES-TI€'U-LA-T0R, n. One that shows postures or makes
gf^tures.
6ES-T]e'U-LA-T0-RY, a. Representing in gestures.
t GES'TOR, n A narrator. Chaucer.
OEST'URE, n [L. gestus.] 1. A motion of the body or
limbs, expressive of sentiment or passion ; any action or
posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to en-
force an argument or opinioii. 2. Movement of the body
or limbs.
6EST'URE, V. t. To accompany with gesture or action.
GET, V. t. ; pret. got, [gat, obs.] pp. got, gotten. [Sax.
getan, gytan, or geatan.} 1. To procure 3 to obtain 3 to
gain possession of. Get differs from acquire, as it does
not always express permanence of possession^ which is
the appropriate sense of acquire. 2. To have 3 as, " ihou
hast o-ot the face of a man." Herbert. [This is a common,
but gross abuse of this word ] 3. To beget 3 to procreate ;
to generate. 4. To learn. 5. To prevail on 3 to induce 3
to persuade. 6. To procure to be ; as, we could not get the
work done.
To get off. 1. To put off 3 to take or pull off 3 also, to re-
move. 2. To sell 3 to dispose of. — To get on, to put on ;
to draw or pull on.— T'o get in, to collect and shelter 3 to
bring under cover.— To get out. 1. To draw forth. 2.
To draw out 3 to disengage. — To get the day, to win 3 to
conquer 3 to gain the victory.— To get together, to collect 3
to amass. — To get over, to surmount 3 to conquer 3 to pass
without being obstructed. — To get above, to surmount 3 to
surpass. — To get up, io prepare and introduce upon the
stage 3 to bring forward. With a pronoun following, it
signifies to betake 3 to remove ; to go.
GET, v.i. To arrive at any place or state 3 followed by
some modifying word.
To get aioay or away from, to depart 3 to quit ; to leave 5 or to
disengage one's self from.— T'o get among, to arrive in the
midst of 3 to become one of a number. — To get before, Xo
arrive in front, or more forward.^T'o get behind, to fall in
the rear 3 to lag. — To get back, to arrive at the place from
which one departed 3 to return. — To get clear, to disen-
gage one's self 3 to be released, as from confinement, ob-
ligation or burden ; also, to be freed from danger or em-
barrassment. — To get down, to descend 3 to come from an
elevation. — To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling. — To
get in or into, to arrive within an inclosure, or a mixed
body 3 to pass in 3 to insinuate one's self. — To get loose or
free, to disengage one's self 3 to be released from confine-
ment.— T'o get off, to escape 3 to depart 3 to get clear 5 al-
so, to alight 3 to descend from. — To get out, to depart from
an inclosed place or from confinement 3 to escape 5 to
free one's self from embarrassment. — To get along, to
proceed 3 to advance. — To get rid of, to disengage one's
self from 3 also, to shift off 3 to remove. — To get together,
to meet 3 to assemble 3 to convene. — To get up, to arise 3
to rise from a bed or a seat 3 also, to ascend 3 to climb. —
To get through, to pass through and reach a point beyond
any thing 3 also, to finish 3 to accomplish. — To get quit of,
to get rid of 3 to shift off, or to disengage one's self from.
— To get forward, to proceed 3 to advance 3 also, to pros-
per 3 to advance in wealth.— To get near, to approach
within a small distance. — To get ahead, to advance 3 to
prosper. — To get on, to proceed ; to advance. — To get a
mile, or other distance, to pass over it in traveling. — To
get at, to reach 3 to make way to. — To get asleep, to fall
asleep. — To get drunk, to become intoxicated. — To get
between, to arrive between. — To get to, to reach 3 to ar-
rive.
GET'TER, 71, 1. One who gets, gains, obtains or acquii-es.
2. One who begets or procreates.
GBTiTlNG,ppr. Obtaining 3 procuring 3 gaining, winning 3
begetting.
GET'TING, n. 1. The act of obtaining, gaining or acquir-
ing ; acquisition. 2. Gain 5 profit. Swift.
GEWGAW, n. [qu. Sax. ge-gaf.] A showy trifle 3 a pret-
ty thing of little worth 3 a toy 3 a bauble 3 a splendid play-
thing.
GEWGAW, a. Showy without value. Law.
fGHAST'EUL, a. [S«e Ghastly.] Dreary 3 dismal 3 fit for
walking ghosts. Spenser.
GHAST'FUL-LY, adv. Frightfully. Pope.
GHAST'LI-NESS, n. HoiTor of countenance 3 a deathlike
look 3 resemblance of a ghost 3 paleness.
GHAST'LY, a. [Sax. gastlic] 1. hike a ghost in appear-
ance 5 deathlike 3 pale ; dismal. 2. Horrible 3 shockmg j
dreadful.
jGHAST'NESS, n. Ghastliness. Shak.
GHERKIN, 71. [G. gurke.] A small pickled cucumber.
Skinner.
t GHESS, for guess
GHoST, 7i. [Sax. ^ast; G. geist.] I. Spmt 3 the soul of
man. Shak. 2. The soul of a deceased person 3 the soul
or spirit separate from the body 3 an apparition.— T'o give
tip the ghost, is to die ; to yield up the breath or spirit 3 to
expire. Scripture. — The Holy Ohost is the third person in
thejadorable Truiity. Scripture.
t GHoST, v. i. To die 3 to expire. Sidney.
JGHoST, V. t. To haunt with an apparition. Shak.
fGHoST'LESS, a. Without spirit ; without life. R. Clarke.
GHCST'LiKE, a. Wiihered 3 having sunken eyes 3 ghast-
ly. Sherwood.
GHoST'LI-NESS, 71 Spiritual tendency . [Little used.]
GHoST'LY, a. 1. Spiritual 3 relating to the soul 3 not car-
nal or secular. 2. Spiritual 3 having a character from re-
ligion. 3. Pertaining to apparitions.
GI-AL-LO-Ll'NO, n. [It. giallo.] A fine yellow pigment,
much used under the name of Maples yellow. ■
t GIAM'BEAUX, (jam'boze) n. [Fr. jambe.] Greaves ; ar-
mor for the legs.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, ■?, long.—F^^, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- PIN, MARINE BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
GIE
375
GIL
: of a giant.
CI'ANT, rt [Fr. geant ; L. gigas.] 1. A man of extraordi-
nary bullf and stature. 2. A person of extraordinary
strength or powers, bodily or intellectual — Giant' s-causey,
a vast collection of basaltic pillars in the county of Antrim,
m Ireland.
6l'ANT, a. Like a giant ; extraordinary in size.
6l' ANT-ESS, 71. A female giant ; a female of extraordina-
ry size and stature. Shak.
6l'ANT-lZE, V. i. To play the giant. Shenoood.
Ol'ANT-KILL-ING, a. Killing or destroying giants.
Gl'ANT-LiKE, ) a. Of unusual size 3 resembliilg a giant in
Gl'ANT-LY, \ bulk or stature ; gigantic ; huge. [ Qi-
antly is not much used.]
Gl'ANT-RY, n. The race of giants. [Little used.]
6F ANT-SHIP, n. The state, quality or character
fGIB, 71. A cat. Skelton.
JGIB, V. i. To act like a cat. Beaumont.
tGIBBE, 71. An old, worn-out animal. Shak,
■j-GIBBED, ffi. Having been caterwauling. Bulioer
fGIB'BER, v.i. [See Gabble.] To speak rapidly and in-
articulately. Shak.
GIB'BER-ISH, 71. Rapid and inarticulate talk ; unintelligi-
ble language ; unmeaning words.
GIB'BER-ISH, a. Unmeaning, as words. Swift.
tGIB'BER-ISH, V. i. lo prate idly or unintelligibly. Moun-
tagu.
GIB'BET, 71. [Fr. gibet.] 1. A gallows j a post or machine
in form of a gallows, on which notorious malefactors are
hanged in chains, and on which their bodies are suffered
to remain. 2. Any traverse beam.
GIB'BET, V. t. 1. To hang and expose on a gibbet. 2. To
hang or expose on any thing going traverse.
6IB'BET-ED, -pp. Hanged and exposed on a gibbet.
GIB'BET-ING, ppr. Hanging and exposing on a gibbet.
t GIB'BIeR, 71. [Fr.] Wild fowl ; game. Jiddison.
GIB'BLE-GAB'BLE, n. Any rude or noisy conversation ;
fustian language ; barbarous speech. Bidlokar.
GIB-BOS'I-TY, n. [Fr. gibbusitd.] Protuberance ; a round
or swelling prominence ; convexity.
GIB'BOUS, a. [L. gibbus.] 1. Swelling j protuberant;
convex-. 2. Hunched ; hump-backed ; crook-backed.
GIB'BOTJS-LY, adv. In a gibbous or protuberant form.
GIB'BOUS-NESS, n. Protuberance; a round prominence;
convexity.
GIBBS'iTE, 71. A mineral found at Richmond, in Massa-
chusetts.
GIB'€AT, n. A he-cat, or an old, worn-out cat.
Gibe, v. i. [Sax. gabban.] To cast reproaches and sneering
expressions ; to rail at ; to utter taunting, sarcastic words ;
to flout ; to fleer ; to scoflT.
Gibe, v. t. To reproach with contemptuous words ; to de-
ride ; to scoff at ; to treat with sarcastic reflections ; to
taunt.
Gibe, n. An expression of censure mingled with contempt ;
a scoff; a railing ; sarcastic scorn.
GIB'E-LINE, n. The Oibelines were a faction in Italy, that
opposed another faction called Quelfs, in the 13th centu-
ry. J. Adams.
GiB'ER, n. One who utters reproachful, censorious and
contemptuous expressions, or who casts cutting, sarcastic
reflections ; one who derides ; a scoffer.
GiB'ING, ppr. Uttering reproachful, contemptuous and cen-
sorious words ; scoffing.
GiB'ING-LY, adv. With censorious, sarcastic and oon-
temptuous expressions ; scornfully. Shak.
GIB'LETS, 71. [qu. Fr. gibier ^ Goth, gibla.] The entrails
of a goose or other fowl.
GIB'STAFF, n. A staff to gauge water or to push a boat;
formerly, a Staff used in fighting beasts on the stage.
GID'DI-LY, adv. 1. With the head seeming to turn or reel.
2. Inconstantly ; unsteadily ; with various turnings. 3.
Carelessly; heedlesslv ; negligently.
GID'DI-NESS, n. 1. the state of being giddy or vertigi-
nous ; vertigo ; a sensation of reeling or whirling ; a
swimming of the head. 2. Inconstancy; unsteadiness;
mutability. 3. Frolick ; wantonness ; levity.
GID'DY, a. [Sax. gidlg.] 1. Vertiginous ; reeling ; whirl-
ing ; having in the head a sensation of a circular motion
or swimming. 2. That renders giddy ; that induces gid-
diness. 3. Rotary ; whirling ; running round with ce-
lerity. 4. Inconstant ; unstable ; changeable. 5. Heed-
less ; thoughtless ; wild ; roving. 6. Tottering ; unfixed.
7. Intoxicated ; elated to thoughtlessness ; rendered wild
by excitement or joy.
GID'DY, TJ.i. To turn quick. Chapman.
GID'DY, V. t. To make reeling or unsteady. Farindon.
GID'DY-BRaINED, a. Careless ; thoughtless.
GIDfDY-HEAD, n. A person without thought or judg-
ment.
GID'DY-HEAD-ED, a. Heedless ; unsteady ; volatile ; in-
cautious. Donne.
GID'DY-PaCED, a. Moving irregularly. Shak.
IGIE. a jiontraction of o-ra'de. Chaucer.
*GIeR'-eA-GLE, n. A fowl of the eagle kind.
GlE'SECK n'E, 71. A mineral of a rhomboidal form.
GIF, V. t. I Sax. gifan.] The old but true spelling of if.
GIFT, n. 1. A present; any thing given or bestowed. 2
The act of giving or conferring. 3. The right or power
of giving or bestowing. 4. An offering or oblation. 5. A
reward. 6. A bribe ; any thing given to corrupt the judg-
ment. 7. Power ; faculty ; some quality or endowment
conferred by the Author of our nature.
GIFT, V. t. To endow with any power or faculty.
GIFT'ED, pp. or a. Endowed by nature with any powe'
or faculty ; furnished with any particular talent
GIFT'ED-NESS, 71. The state of being gifted.
GIFTING, ppr. Endowing with any power or faculty
■\GlG,v.t.[l4.gigno.] 1. To engender. Dryden. 2 To
fish with a gig or fishgig.
GIG, n. [It. giga ; Fr. gigue ] 1. Any little thing that is
whirled round in play. 2. A light carriage with one pjiir
of wheels, drawn by one horse ; a chair or chaise. 3 A
fiddle. 4 A dart or harpoon. [See Fishgig.] 5 A
ship's boat. 6. A wanton girl.
Gi-GAN-Te'AN, a. [L. gigariteus.] Like a giant ; mighty
More.
GI-GAN'TI€, a. [L. giganticus.] 1. Of extraordinary size ;
very large ; huge ;' like a giant. 2. Enormous ; very groat
or miglity. — Oigantical and gigantine, for gigantic, are
rarely or never used.
6l-GAN-T0L'0-GY, n. [Gr. yiyas and Xoyos.] An account
or description of giants.
GIG'GLE, 71. [Sax. geagl.] A kind of laugh, with short
catches of the voice or breath.
GIG'GLE, V. i. [D. gichgelen ; Sax. geagl.] To laugh with
short catches of the breath or voice ; to laugh in a silly,
puerile manner ; to titter.
GIG'GLER, 71. One that giggles or titters.
GIG'LET, in. [Bax. geagl.] A wanton; a lascivious girl.
GIG'LOT, I Shak.
GIG'LOT, a. Giddy; light; inconstant; wanton.
GIG'OT, 71. [Fr.] The hip-joint; also, a slice. [JVot Eng-
lish.]
GIL'BER-TINE, 71. One of a religious order so named from
Gilbert, lord of Sempi^ngham.
GIL'BER-TINE, a. Belonging to the monastic order men-
tioned above. Weever.
GILD, V. t. ; pret. and pp. gilded, or gilt. [Sax. gildan, gyl-
dan, geldan.] 1. To overlay with gold, either in leaf or
powder, or in amalgam with quicksilver ; to overspread
with a thin covering of gold. 2. To cover with any yel-
low matter. 3. To adorn with lustre ; to render bright.
4. To illuminate ; to brighten. 5. To give a fair and
agreeable external appearance.
GILD'ED, pp. Overlaid with gold leaf or liquid ; illumina-
ted.
GILD'ER, 71. 1. One who gilds ; one whose occupation is
to overlay things with gold. 2. A Dutch coin of the value
of 20 stivers, about 38 cents; usually written guilder.
GILD'ING, ppr. Overlaying with gold ; giving a fair exter-
nal appearance.
GILD'ING, n. 1. The art or practice of overlaying things
with gold leaf or liquid. 2. That which is laid on in
overlaying with gold.
GILL, 7*. [Sw. gel.] 1. The organ of respiration in fishes,
consisting of a cartilaginous or bony arch, attached to the
bones of "the head, and furnished on the exterior convex
side with a multitude of fleshy leaves, or fringed vascular
fibrils, resembling plumes, and of a red color. 2. The
flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl. 3. The flesh
under the chin. — 4. In England, a pair of wheels and a
frame on which timber is conveyed ; [local.]
GILL'-FLAP, n. A membrane attached to the posterior
edge of the gill-lid, immediately closing the gill-opening.
GILL'-LID, 71. The covering of the gUls.
GILL'-O-PEN-ING, n. The aperture of a fish or other ani-
mal, by which water is admitted to the gills.
GILL, 7«. ['Low h. gilla.] 1. A measure of capacity, con-
taining the fourth part of a pint. 2. A measure among
miners, equal to a pint.
GILL, n. I. A plant, ground-ivy, of the genus glechoma .
2. Malt liquor medicated with ground-ivy.
GILL, 71. [In Sw. gilja.] 1. In ludicrous language, ? fe-
male ; a wanton giil. 2. A fissure in a hill ; also, a place
between steep banks and a rivulet flowing through it ; a
brook. Orose.
GILL'HOUSE, n. A place where gill is sold. Pope.
tGlL'LI-AN, n. A wanton girl. Beaumont.
GIL'LY-FLOW-ER, n. [supposed to be a corruption of Ju-
ly-flower.] The name of certain plants.
GILSE, 71. A young salmon.
GILT, pp. of gild. Overlaid with gold leaf, or washed with
gold ; illuminated ; adorned.
GILT, 71. 1. Gold laid on the surface of a thing ; gilding.
Shak.— '2. In England, a young female pig. Cyc.
GILT'HEAD, n. [gilt and head.] 1. In ichthyology, a fish
or a genus of fishes, the Sj?a7-7i5. 2. A bird.
GILT'TaIL, 71. A worm so called from its yellow tail.
See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; Cf as J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Ohsoleie
GIR
376
GIZ
6IM, a. [contracted from germmj.] Neat ; spruce ; well-
dressed.
GIM'BAL, n. A brass ring by which a sea compass is sus-
pended in its box. Ma?-. Diet.
GIMB'LET, or GIM'LET, n. [Fr. gibelet.] An instrument
with a pointed screw at the end, for boring holes in wood.
GIMB'LET, V. t. In seamcn.''s language, to turn round an
anchor by the stock. Mar. Diet.
GIM'€RA€K, n. A trivial mechanism ; a device ; a toy : a
pretty thing. Arhuthnot.
GIM'MAL, 71. Some device or machinery. Shal;.
GIM'MAL, a. Consisting of links. Skak.
fGIM'MER, ?!. Movement or machinery. More.
GIMP, 71. [Fr. guiper.'l.A kind of silk twist or edging.
fGIMP, a. \yv. gwymp.'] Smart 3 spruce; trim; nice.
GIN, n, A contraction of Geneva, a distilled spirit.
GIN, 71. [a contraction of e«o-me.] 1. A machine or instru-
ment by which the mechanical powers are employed in
aid of human strength. 2. A trap ; a snare-
GIN, V. t. 1. To clear cotton of its seeds by a machine. 2.
To catch in a 'trap.
GIN,v.i. To begin. [Sax. gynnan.]
GIN, conj. [Sax. gif.] If. Grose.
jGING, 7i. [for g-a7io-.] A company. B. Jonson.
GIN'GER, n. [It. gengiovo ; &p. gengibre.] A plant, or the
root of a species of amomuvi-, a native of the East and
West Indies.
GIN'GER-BREAD, n. [ginger an A bread.'] A kind of cake,
composed of flour with an admixture of butter, pearlash
and ginger, sweetened.
t GIN'gER-LY, adv. Nicely ; cautiously. SJcelton.
t GIN'GER-NESS, n. Niceness ; tenderness.
GING'HAM, 7i. A kind of striped cotton cloth.
GIN'GING, 71. In mining, the lining of a mine-shaft.
GIN'Gl-VAL, a. [L. gingiva.] Pertaining to the gums.
GIN'GLE, or JIN'GLE, v. i. [Pere. 2a7i^Z.] 1. To make a
sharp, clattering sound ; to rmg as a little bell, or as small
pieces of sonorous metal. 2. To utter affected or chiming
sounds in periods or cadence.
GIN'GLE, V. t. To shake so as to make clattering sounds in
quick succession ; to ring, as a little bell.
GIN'GLE, n. 1. A shrill, clattering sound. 2. Affectation
in the sounds of periods in reading or speaking.
GIN'GLY-MOID, a. [Gr. yiyyXvuos and eiSog-] Pertaining
to or resembling a ginglymus.
GIN'GLY-MUS, 7i. [Gr. yiyylvixog.] In ajiatovnT/, a species
of articulation resembling a hinge.
GIN'NET, 71. A nag. See Jennet.
GIN'SENG, n. [this word is probably Chinese.] A plant,
of the genus panax, the root of which is in great demand
among the Chinese. It is found in the northern parts of
Asia and America, and is an article of export from Amer-
ica to China.
6IP, V. t. To take out the entraUs of herrings.
Gl'PON. See Juppon.
GIP'SY, n. 1. The Gipsys are a race of vagabonds which
infest Europe, Africa and Asia, strolling about and sub-
sisting mostly by theft, robbery and fortune-telling. The
name is supposed to be corrupted from Egyptian. 2. A
reproachful name for a dark complexion. 3. A name of
slight reproach to a woman ; sometimes implying artifice
or cunning.
GiP'SY, n. The language of the Gipsys. '
GIP'SY-ISM, 77. 1. The arts and practices of Gipsys ;
deception; cheating; flattery. 2. The state of a Gipsy.
Gl-RAFF', n. [Sp. girafa ; It. giraffa.] The camelppard, a
quadruped. See Camelopard.
GIR'AN-DOLE, 71. [It. girandola.] A chandelier ; a large
kind of branched candlestick.
* GiR'A-SOLE, or GlR'A-SOL, 7;. [Fr., Sp. ; It. girasole.]
1. The turnsole, a plant of the genus A-'ioiro^iii^K. 2. A
mine'a.,
GiRD, 72. [Sax. geard, gyrd, or gyrda.] . A twitch or
pang ; a sudden spasm. — 2. In popular language, a severe
stroke of a stick or whip.
GiRD, V. t. ; pret. and pp. girded, or girt. [Sax. gyrdan.] 1.
To bind by surrounding with any flexible substance, as
with a twig, a cord, bandage or cloth. 2. To make fast
by binding; to put on. 3. To invest; to surround. 4.
To clothe ; to dress ; to habit. 5. To furnish ; to equip.
6. To surround ; to encircle ; to inclose ; to rncompass.
7 To gibe ; to reproach severely ; to lash.
GiRD, V. i. To gibe ; to sneer ; to break a scornful jest ; to
utter severe sarcasms.
GiRD ED, pp. Bound ; surrounded ; invested ; put on.
GiRD'ER, n. 1. In architecture, the principal piece of tim-
ber in a floor. 2. A satirist.
GiRD'ING, ppr. Binding ; surrounding ; investing.
GiRD'ING, n. A covering. Is. iii.
GiR'DLE, 71. [Sax. gyrdlr, gyrdl.] 1. A band or belt;
something drawn round the Vaist of a person, and tied or
buckled. 2. Inclosure ; circumference. 3. The zodiac.
4. A round iron plate for baking. — 5. Among jewelers, the
line which encompasses the stone, parallel to the horizon.
GiR'DLE, V. t. 1. To bind with a belt or sash ; to gird. 2.
To inclose ; to environ ; to shut in. Shak.—3. In America,
to make a circular incision, like a belt, through the bark
and albarnum of a tree, to kill it. Dwight.
GiR'DLE-BELT, 71. A belt that encircles the waist.
GiR'DLER, 7(. One who girdles; a maker of girdles.
GiR'DLE-STEAD, n. The part of the body where the girdlti
is worn. Mason.
GIRE, n [L. gyrus ] A ckcle, or circular motion. Sf e Gyre.
GIRL, 77. [Low L. ^crM^a.] 1. A female child, or young
woman. — 2. Among sportsmen, a roebuck of two years old.
GiRL'HOOD, 77. The state of a girl.
GIRL'ISH', a. 1. Like a young woman or child; befitting a
girl. 2. Pertaining to the youth of a female.
GiRL'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a girl.
fGiRN, v.i. A comiption of ^ri7?. South.
GIR'ROCK, 7!. -A species of gar-fish, the lacertus.
GiRT, pret. anApp of gird.
GiRT, V. t. To gird ; to surround. Thomson.
GiRT, ) n. 1. The band or strap by which a saddle or any
GiRTH, \ burden on a horse's back is made fast, by pass-
ing under his belly. 2. A circular bandage. 3. The
compass measured by a girth or inclosing bandage.
GiRTH, V. t. To bind" with a girth.
GISE, 7;. t. To feed or pasture. See Agist.
fGIS'LE, 71. A pledge.
GIST, (jit) 71. [Fr. gesir, gUe.] In law, the main point of a
question ; the point on which an action rests.
GITH, n. Guinea pepper.
GIT'TERN, 7i. [L. cithara.] A guitar. See Guitar.
GIT'TERN, V. i. To play on a gittern. Milton.
GIVE,^•. t. ; pret. gave ; pp. given. [Sax. gifan, gyfan.] 1.
To bestow : to confer. 2. To transmit from himself to
another by hand, speech or writing ; to deliver. 3. To
impart ; to bestow. 4. To communicate. 5. To pass or
deliver the property of a thing to another for an equiva-
lent ; to pay. 6. To yield ; to lend ; in the plirase to give
ear. 7. To quit ; in the phrase to give place. 8. To con-
fer ; to grant. 9. To expose ; to yield to the power of.
10. To grant ; to allow ; to permit. Rowe. 11. To afford ;
to supply; to furnish. 12. To empower; to license ; to
commission. 13. To pay or render. 14. To render ; to
pronounce. 15. To utter ; to vent. 16. To produce ; to
show ; to exhibit as a product or result. 17. To cause to
exist ; to excite in another. 18. To send forth ; to emit.
19. To addict ; to apply ; to devote one's self, followed
by the reciprocal pronoun. 20. To resign; to yield up.
21. To pledge. 22. To present for taking or acceptance
23. To allow or admit by way of supposition.
To give away, to alienate the title or property of a thing ; to
make over to another ; to transfer. — To give back, to re-
turn ; to restore. — To give forth, to publish ; to teH ; to
report publicly. — To give the hand, to yield preeminence,
as being subordinate or inferior. — To give in, to allow by
way of abatement or deduction from a claim ; to yield
what may be justly demanded. — To give over. 1. To
leave; to quit ; to cease ; to abandon. 2. To addict; to
attach to ; to abandon. 3. To despair of recovery ; to be-
lieve to be lost, or past recovery. 4. To abandon. — To
give out. 1. To utter publicly ;-to report; to proclaim;
to publish. 2. To issue ; to send forth ; to publish. 3.
To show ; to exhibit in false appearance. 4. To send
out; to emit. — To give up. 1. To resign; to quit ; to
yield as hopeless. 2. To surrender. 3. To relinquish ;
to cede. 4. To abandon. 5. To deliver. — To give one^s
self up. 1. To despair of one's recovery ; to conclude to
be lost. 2. To resign or devote. 3. To addict ; to aban-
don. — To give way. 1. To yield; to withdraw to make
room for. 2. To fail ; to yield to force ; to break or fall
3. To recede ; to make room for. — 4. In seamen's lan-
guage, give way is an order to a boat's crew to row after
ceasing, or to increase their exertions.
GIVE, V. i. 1. To yield to pressure. 2. To begin to melt ;
to thaw ; to grow soft, so as to yield to pressure. 3. To
move ; to recede.
To give in, to go back ; to give way ; [obs.] — To give into,
to yield assent ; to adopt. — To give off, to cease ; to for-
bear. Locke. — To give on, to rush ; to fall on ; [obs.] — To
give out. 1. To publish ; to proclaim. 2. To cease from
exertion; to yield; applied to persons. — To give over, to
cease ; to act no more ; to desert.
GIVEN, (giv'n) pp. Bestowed ; granted ; conferred ; im-
parted ; admitted or supposed.
GIVER, 71. One who gives ; a donor ; a bestower ; a grant-
j3r ; one who imparts or distributes.
Gives, 7/. plu. [Ir. gelbhion.] Fetters or shackles for the
feet. See Gyves.
GIVING, ppr. Bestowing; conferring; imparting; grant-
ing ; delivering.
GIVING, 77. 1. The act of conferring. Pope. 2. Analledg-
ing of what is not real. Shak.
GIZ'ZARD, 71. [Fr. gesier.] The strong, musculous stom-
ach of a fowl. Dryden. — To fret the gizzard, to harass ; to
vex one's self, or to be vexed. Hudibras.
* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, "i, Zotid-.— FAR, FALL, V\AHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
GLA
377
GLA
t GLa'BRI-ATE, 2). «. [h. glabra.] To make smooth.
jGLa'BRI-TY, w. Smoothness.
GLa'BKOUS, a. [L. glaber.] Smooth ; having an even
surface.
GLa CIAL, a. [Fr. glacial.] Icy ; consisting of ice j
frozen.
GLa'CIATE, v. i To turn to ice. Diet.
GLA-CI-A'TIONj 71. The act of freezing j ice formed.
Browiu
GLa'CIeR, w. [Fr, glaciere.] A field or immense mass of
ice, formed in deep but elevated valleys, or on the sides
of the Alps or other mountains. .
GLa'CIOUS, a. Like ice ; icy. Brown.
"■GLa'CIS, 71. [Fr.] I. In building, or gardening, an easy,
insensible slope. — 2. In fortification, a sloping bank.
GLAD, a. [Sax. gked, or glad.] 1. Pleased 3 affected witli
pleasure or moderate joy ; moderately happy. 2. Cheer-
ful 5 joyous. 3. Cheerful ; wearing the appearance of
joy ; 4. Wearing a gay appearance , showy ; bright. 5.
Pleasing ; exhilarating. 6. Expressing gladness or joy ;
exciting joy.
GLAD, t). i. [the pret. and ]^p. gladded is not used.] To
make glad ; to affect with pleasure ; to cheer ; to gladden ;
to exhilarate.
t GLAD, V. i. To be glad 5 to rejoice. Massinger.
GLAD'DEN, (glad'n) v. t. [Sax. gladian.] To make glad ;
to cheer ; to please 5 to exhilarate.
GLAD'DEN, (glad'n) v. i. To become glad ; to rejoice.
GLAD'DER, 71. One tliat makes glad, or gives joy.
GLAD'DING, -ppr. Making glad ; cheering ; giving joy.
GLADE, n. [Icel. hlad. Q,u.] 1. An opening or passage
made through a wood by lopping off the branches of the
trees. Locally, in the United States, a natural opening or
open place in a forest. — 2. In JSTew England, an opening
in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen.
GLADE, 7(. \p. glad.] Smooth ice. Mew England.
GLa'DEN, ; n. [L. gladlus.] Sword-grass ; the general
GLa'DER, ) name of plants that rise with a broad blade
like sedge.
fGLADFUL, a. Full of gladness. Spenser.
fGLAD'FjJL-NESS, n. Joy 5 glajdness. Spenser.
GLa'DI-ATE. a. [L. gladius.] Sword-shaped.
*GLA'-DI-A-TOR,w. [L. from ^ZacZiMs.] Asword-player ; a
prize-fighter. The gladiators, in Rome, were men who
fought in the arena, for the entertainment of the people.
GLA-DI-A-To'-RI-AL,a. P&rtaining to gladiators.
GLa'DI-A-TO-RY, or GLAD'I-A-TO-RY, a. Relating to
gladiators. Bp. Porteus.
fGLA'Df-A-TURE, 71. Sword-play; fencing. Oayton.
GLAD'I-OLE, 71. [Ij. gladiolus.] Ai^lant, the sword-lily, of
the genus gladiolus. ^
GLAD'LY, adv. With pleasure ; joyfully.
GLAD'NESS, n. Joy, or a moderate degree of joy ; pleas-
ure of mind ; cheerfulness. [Gladness is rarely or never
equivalent to mirth., merriment, gayety and triumph, and
it usually expresses less than delight.]
fGLAD'SHIP, n. State of gladness. Gower.
GLAD'SoME, a. 1. Pleased ; joyful ; cheerful. 2. Causing
joy ; pleasing. Prior.
GLAD'S6ME-LY, adv. With joy ; with pleasure.
GLAD'SoME-NESS, n. Joy, or moderate joy ; pleasure of
mind. 2. Showiness. Johnson.
GLAD'WIN, n. A plant of the genus iris.
GLAIR, n. [Fr. glaire.] 1. The white of an egg. 2. Any
viscous, transparent substance, resembling tlie white of
an egg. 3. A kind of halberd.
GLAIR, V. t. To smear with the white of an egg; to
varnish.
GLAIR'Y, a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities.
GLaNCE, n. [G. glanz.] 1. A sudden shoot of light or
splendor. 2. A shoot or darting of sight ; a rapid or mo-
mentary view or cast ; a snatch of sight.
GLANCE , V. i. 1. To shoot or dart a ray of light or splen-
dor. 2. To fly off in an oblique direction ; to dart aside.
3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye ; to snatch
a momentary or hasty view. 4. To hint ; to cast a word
or reflection. 5. To censure by oblique hints.
GLANCE, V. t. To slioot or dart suddenly or obliquely ; to
cast for a rnoment. Shak.
G LANCE'-€oAL, n. Anthracite ; a mineral composed
chiefly of carbon. See Anthracite,
GLAN'CING, ppr. Shooting; darting; casting suddenly;
flying off obliquely.
GLAN'CING-LY, adv. By glancing; in a glancing manner ;
transiently. Hakewill.
GLAND, 71. [L. glans.] 1. In anatomy, a distinct, soft
body, formed by the convolution of a great number of ves-
sels, either constituting a part of the lymphatic system, or
destined to secrete some fluid from the blood. — 2. In bot-
any, a gland or glandule is an excretory or secretory duct
or vessel in a plant,
GLANfDERED, a. Affected with glanders. Berkeley.
GLAND'ERS, n. In farriery, the running, of corrupt slimy
matter from the nose of a horse.
GLAN-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. glandifer.] Bearing acorns or
other nuts ; producing nutp or mast.
GLAND'I-FORM, tt. [Tu. glans and forma.] In the shupo
of a gland or nut ; resembling a gland.
GLAND'U-LAR, a. Containing glands ; ionsisting of
glands ; pertaining to glands.
GLAND-U-La'TION, 71. In botany, the situation and
structure of the secretory vessels in plants.
GLAND'ULE, n. [L. glandula.] A small gland or secreting
vessel*
GLAND-U-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. glandula and fero.] Beat-
ing glands. Lee.
GLAND-U-LOS'I-TY, n. A collection of glands. [Little
used.] Brown,
GLAND'U-LOUS, a. [L. glandulosus.] Containing glands;
consisting of glands ; pertaining to glands.
GLARE, 71. [Dan.glar.] 1. A bright, dazzling light; clear,
brilliant lustre or splendor, that dazzles the eyes, 2. A
fierce, piercing look. 3. A viscous, transparent sub-
stance. See Glair.
GLARE, V. i. 1. To shine with a clear, bright, dazzling
light. 2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes. 3. To shine
with excessive lustre ; to be ostentatiously splendid.
GLARE, V. t. To shoot a dazzling light.
GLaR'E-OUS, a. [Fr. glaireux.] Resembling the white of
an egg ; viscous and transparent or white.
GLAR'ING, ppr. 1, Emitting a clear and brilliant light ;
shining with dazzling lustre. 2. a. Clear; notorious;
open and bold ; barefaced.
GLAR'ING-LY, adv. Openly ; clearly ; notoriously.
GLASS, n. [Sax. glees ,• Sw., Dan., G. and D. glas.] 1. A
hard, brittle, transparent, factitious substance, formed by
fusing sand with fixed alkalies. — In chemistry, a sub-
stance or mixture, earthy, saline or metallic, brought by
fusion to the state of a hard, brittle, transparent mass,
whose fracture is conchoidal. 9. A glass vessel of any
kind. 3. A mirror. 4. A vessel to be filled with sand
• for measuring thne. 5. The destined time of man's life.
6. The quantity of liquor that a glass vessel contains. 7.
A vessel that shows the weight of the air. 8. A per-
spective glass. 9. The time which a glass runs, or in
which it is exhausted of sand. 10. Glasses, in the plural,
spectacles.
GLASS, a. Made of glass ; vitreous ; as, a glass bottle.
GLASS, 77. t. 1. To see as in a glass ; lobs.] 2. To case in
glass; \l.u] 3. To cover with glass ; to glaze. Boyle.
GLASS'BLoW-ER, 71. On.e whose business is to blow and
fashion glass.
GLASS'FIJLL, n. As much as a glass holds.
GLASS'FiJR-NACE, n. A furnace in which the materials
of glass are melted, Cyc.
GLASS'-Ga-ZING, a. Addicted to viewing one's self in a
glass or mirror ; finical. Shak,
GLASS'-GRlND-ER, n. One whose occupation is to grind
and polish glass. Boyle.
GLASS'HOUSE, n. A house where glass is made.
GLASSL-NESS, n. The quality of being glassy or sinooth ;
a vitreous appearance.
GLASS'LiKE, a. Resembling glass.
GLASS'MAN, n. One who sells glass. Swift.
GLASS'MET-AL, n. Glass in fusion. Boyle.
GLASSiPOT, 71. A vessel used for melting glass.
GLASS'WoRK, 71. Manufacture of glass.
GLASS'WoRKS, n. plu. The place or buildings where
glass is m.ade.
GLASS'WoRT, n. A plant, the salsola.
GLASS'Y, a. 1. Made of glass ; vitreous. 2. Resembling
glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or
transparency. Vryden.
GLAS'TON-BUR-Y-THORN', n. A species of medlar.
Miller.
GLAUB'ER-ITE, n. A mineral. Ure, .
Gi^AUB'ER-SALT, n. Sulphate of soda, a well known ca-
thartic.
GLAU-CO'MA, n. [Gr.] A fault in the eye, in which the
crystaline humor becomes gray, but without injury to the
sight. Quincy.
GLAUCOUS, a. [L. glaucus.] Of a sea-green color; of a
light green.
fGLAVE, 71. [Fr. glaive.] A broad-sword ; a falchion,
GLAVER, V. i. (W. glavni.] To flatter; to wheedle
[Little used, and vulgar.] L'Estrange.
GLAVER-ER, n. A flatterer.
GLaY'MORE, 71. [Gael, claidhamh, and more.] A large,
two-handed sword, formerly much used by the Highland-
ers of Scotland. Johnson.
GLAZE, V. t. [from glass.] 1. To furnish with windows
of glass. 2. To incrust with a vitreous substance. 3.
To cover with any thing smooth and shining ; or to render
the exterior of a thing smooth, bright and showy. 4. To
give a glassy surface ; to make glossy.
GLAZED, pp. Furnished with glass windows ; incrusted
with a substance resembling glass ; rendered smooth and
shining.
* See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BI^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t 'lis. t Obsolete
GLI
378
GLO
f GLa'ZEN, a. [Sax. glasen.] Resembling glass. Wlckliffe.
GLa'ZIER, i^glazhur) n. One whose business is to set win-
dow-glciss. Moxon.
GLaZ'ING, ppr. 1. Furnishing with window-glass, 2.
Crusting with a vitreous substance, as potter's ware. 3.
Giving a smooth, glossy, shining surface, as to cloth.
GLaZ'ING, n. The vitreous substance with which potter's
ware is incrusted.
SLeAM, 71. [Sax. gleam, or glmm.'] 1. A shoot of light ; a
beam ; a ray 3 a small stream of light. 2. Brightness ;
splendor.
GLeAM, w. i. 1. Toshoot or dart, as rays of light, 2, To
shine 5 to cast light. 3. To flash ; to spread a flood of
light. — 4. Among falconers, to disgorge filth, as a hawk.
GLeAM'ING, ppr. Shooting, as rays of light 5 shining.
GLeAM'ING, n. A shoot or shooting of light,
GLeAM'Y, a. Darting beams of light; casting light in
ra}^3.
GLeAN, v. t. [Fr. glaner.'l 1. To gather the stalks and
ears of grain which reapers leave behind them. 2. To
collect things thinly scattered ; to gather what is left in
small parcels or numbers.
GLEAN, V. L To gather stalks or ears of gram left by
reapers.
GLEAN, n. A collection made by gleaning, or by gathering
here and there a little.
GLEANED, fj). Gathered after reapers; collected from
small, detached parcels. 2, Cleared of what is left. 3.
Having suffered a gleaning,
GLeAN'ER, 71, 1. One who gathers after reapers, 2. One
who collects detached parts or numbers, or who gathers
slowly with labor, Locke.
GLeAN'ING, ppr. Gathering what reapers leave ; coUec^-
iiig in small, detached parcels.
GLeAN'ING, n. 1. The act of gathering after reapers. 2.
That which is collected by gleaning.
GLEBE, 7t. [L. glela.] 1. Turf; soil; ground. 2, The
land belonging to a parish church or ecclesiastical bene-
fice. 3. A crystal ; [wis,] — 4. Among miners, a piece of
earth in which is contained some mineral ore.
GLeB'OUS, a. Gleby ; turfy. Diet.
GLeB'Y, a. Turfy ; cloddy.
GLEDE, 71. [Sax. glida.'] A fowl of the rapacious kind, the
kite, a species of faleo.
GLEE, 71. [Sax. glie.] 1. Joy ; merriment ; mirth ; gayety ;
particularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast. 2. A sort of
catch or song sung in parts,
GLEE, or GLY, v. i. [Teut. gluyeren.] To squint,
t GLEED, 71. [Sax. gled.] A glowing coal. Chaucer.
GLEE'FUL, a. Merry ; gay ; joyous, Shak.
jGLEEK, n. 1. Music, or a musician. Shak. 2. A scofl";
a game at cards,
t GLEEi£, 7). ?". To make sport of; to gibe; to sneer; to
spend time idly. Shak.
t GLEE'MAN, n. A musician.
JGLEEN, 75, i. [W.glan.] To shine; to glisten.
t GLEE'SOME, a. Merry ; joyous,
GLEET, n. [Sax. glidan.] The flux of a thin humor from
the urethra ; a thin ichor running from a sore.
GLEET, V. i. 1, To flow in a thin, limpid humor ; to ooze.
Wiseman. 2. To flow slowly, as water. Cheijne.
GLEET'Y, a. Ichorous ; thin ; limpid.
GLEN, n. [W. glyn.] A valley ; a dale; a depression or
space betweenliills.
GLENE, 71, [Gr. yXijvr].] In anatomy, the cavity or socket
of the eye, and the pupil.
GLENT, V. i. [Icel, glenta.'] To start aside ; to look aside.
.N'orth of Enffland.
GLEW. See Glue.
GLT'A-DINE, n. [Gr. y\ia.'\ One of the constituents of
gluten.
GLIB, a. [D. gUbheren, glippen.] 1, Smooth ; slippery ; ad-
mitting a body to slide easily on the surface, 2, Smooth ;
voluble ; easily moving,
fGLIB, n. A thick curled bush of hair hanging down over
the eyes. Spenser.
<JLIB, V. t. 1. To castrate. 2. To make smooth.
GLTB'LY, orfy. Smoothly; volubly.
GLIB'NESS, 71. Smoothness; slippenness. Chapman. 2.
Volubility of the tongue.
Glide, v'l. [iiax. gUdan.] 1. To flow gently; to move
v.'ithout noise or violence ; as a river. 2. To move silent-
ly and smootlily ; to pass along without apparent efibrt.
3. To move or pass rapidly and with apparent ease. — 4.
In a general sense, to move or slip along with ease, as on
a smooth surface,
GLIDE, 77, The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly
and without labor or obstruction,
GLTD'ER, 71. He or that which glides. Spenser.
GLTD'ING, ppr. Passing along gently and smoothly ; mov-
ing rapidly, or with ease.
GLIKE, 7!. [Sax. g-Zig-.] A sneer; a scoff"; a flout.
GLIME, v.i. To look out of the corner of the eye ; to glance
slyly.
GLIM'MER, 1?. i. [G. glimmen, glimmem.] 1. To shoot fee-
ble or scattered rays of light. 2. To shine faintly ; to give
a feeble light.
GLIM'MER, 71. 1. A faint light ; feeble, scattered rays of
light. — 2. In mineralogy, mica, glist, muscovy-glass ; a
mineral resulting from crystalization, but rarely found in
regular crystals.
GLIM'MER-ING, ppr. Shining faintly; shooting feeble,
scattered rays of light.
GLIM'MER-ING, n. 1. A faint beammg of light. 2. A faint
view.
GLIMPSE, n. [D. glimp.] 1. A weak, faint light. 2. A
flasJi of light. 3. Transient lustre. 4. A short, tran-
sitory view. 5. Short, fleeting enjoyment. 6. Exhibition
of a faint resemblance.
GLIMPSE, V. i. To appear by glimpses. Drayton.
GLIS'SA, n. A fish of the tunny kind, without scales
GLIST, 71. Glimmer ; mica. See Glimmer.
GLIS'TEN, (glis'n) v. i. [Sax. glisnian.] To shine ; to
sparkle with light.
GLIS'TEN-ING, p2)r. Shining; sparkling; emitting rays
of light.
GLIS'TER, V. i. To shine ; to be bright ; to sparkle ; to be
brilliant. Shak.
GLIS'TER. See Clyster.
GLIS'TER-ING, pjir. Shining ; sparkling with light
GLIS'TER-ING-LY, adv. With shining lustre.
GLIT'TER, V. i. [Sax. glitenan.] 1. To shine ; to sparkle
with light ; to gleam ; to be splendid. 2. To be showy,
specious or striking, and, hence, attractive.
GLIT'TER, 71. Brightness; brilliancy; splendor; lustre.
f GLIT'TER-AND,;>pr, or a. Sparkling. Chaucer.
GLIT'TER-ING, ppr. Shining ; splendid ; brilliant.
GLIT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With sparkling lustre.
GLoAM, V. i. To be sullen. See Glum,
fGLoAR, 7). i. [B. gluuren.] To squint ; to stare.
f GLoAT, V. i. [Sw. glutta.] To cast side glances ; to stare
wjth eagerness or admiration. Rowe.
GLo'BARD, n. [from glow.] A glow-worm.
GLoB'ATE, I a. [L. globatus.] Having the form of a
GLoB'A-TED, \ globe ; spherical ; spheroidal.
GLOBE, 71. [L. globus ; Fr. globe.] 1, A round or spherical
solid body ; a ball ; a sphere ; a body whose surface is in
every part equidistant from the centre, 2, The earth ;
the terraqueous ball ; so called, though not perfectly
spherical. 3. An artificial sphere of metal, paper or other
matter, on whose convex surface is drawn a map or repre-
sentation of the earth or of the heavens, 4. A body of
soldiers formed into a circle.
GLOBE, V. t. To gather round or into a circle.
GLOBE'-AM-A-RANTH, n. A plant. See Amaranth.
GLoBE'-AN-I-MAL, n. A species of animalcule of a glob-
ular form.
GLoBE'-DaI-SY, n. A plant or flower.
GLoBE'-FISH, 71. A fish of a globular shape, the ostracion.
Johnson. Encyc.
GLoBE'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant or flower.
GLoBE'-RA-NUN'€U-LUS, n. A plant
GLoBE^THIS-TLE, n. A plant.
GLO-BoSE', a. [L. globosus.] Round ; spherical ; globular.
Milton.
GLO-BOS'I-TY, n. The quality of being round.
GLo'BOUS, a. [L. globosus.] Round ; spherical.
GLOB'ULAR, a. Round ; spherical ; having the form of a
small ball or sphere. Grew.
GLOB-U-La'RI-A, n. A flosculous flower. Miller.
GLOB'ULE, 77. [Fr. globule ,• L. globulus.] A little globe ;
a small particle of matter of a spherical form.
GLOB'U-LOUS, a. Round ; globular ; having the form of a
small sphere. Boyle.
GLoB'Y, a. Round ; orbicular. Sherwood.
t GLODE, old pret. of glide.
GLOME, 71. [L. glomus ] In botany, a roundish head of
flowers. Martyn.
GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. glomero.] To gather or wind
into a ball ; to collect ijito a spherical form or mass.
GLOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Gathered into a ball or round
mass.
GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Collecting or winding into a ball
or round mass,
GLOM-ER-A'TION, n. [L. glomeratio.] I. The act of
gathering into a ball or spherical body. 2. A body formed
into a ball. Bacon.
GLOM'ER-OUS, a. [L. glomerosus.] Gathered or formed
into a ball or round mass.
GLOOM, n. [Scot, gloum.] 1. Obscurity ; partial or total
darkness ; thick shade. 2. Cloudiness or heaviness of
mind • melancholy ; aspect of sorrow, 3. Darkness of
prospect or aspect. 4. Sullenness,
GLOOBI, V. i. 1. To shine obscurely or imperfectly. 2. To
be cloudy, dark or obscure. 3. To be melancholy or de-
jected.
GLOOM, 7;. t. To obscure; to fill with gloom; to darken;
to make dismal.
sec Synopsis ^, E, T, O, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— KN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
GLO
379
GLU
GLOJM'I-LY, adv. 1. Obscurely; ditoly; darkly; dismal-
ly. 2. With melancholy aspect ; sullenly. Dryden.
GLOOM'I-NESS, n. 1. Want of light ; obscurity ; darkness ;
dismalness. 2. Want of cheerfulness ; cloudiness of look ;
heaviness of mind ; melancholy.
GLOOM'Y, a. 1. Obscure : imperfectly illuminated ; or
dark ; dismal. 2. Wearing the aspect of sorrow ; melan-
choly ; clouded: dejected; depressed; heavy of heart.
3. Of a dark complexion ; [little used.]
GLOP'PEN, V. t. To surprise ; to astonish. JV*. ofEna-land.
GLORE, a^ [Icel. hlT/re.} Fat.
tGLO-RI-A'TION, n. [L. gloriatio.] Boast; a triumphing.
Richardson.
f-GLo'RIED, a. Illustrious; honorable. Milton.
GL0-RI-FI-€a'TI0N, n. I. The act of giving glory, or of
ascribing honors to. 2. Exaltation to honor and dignity ;
elevation to glory.
GLo'RI-FiED, pp. Honored ; dignified ; exalted to glory.
GLo'RI-FY, v. t. [Ft. glorifier.] 1. To praise ; to magnify
and honor in worship ; to ascribe honor to, in thought or
words. 2. To make glorious ; to exalt to glory, or to ce-
lestial happiness. 3. To praise ; to honor ; to extol. 4.
To procure honor or praise to.
GLo'RI-FY-ING, ppr. Praising ; honoring in worship ; ex-
alting to glory ; honoring ; extolling.
GLo'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. ^Zoricifz ; 'L.gloriosus.'] 1. Illustrious;
of exalted excellence and splendor ; resplendent in majes-
ty and divme attributes. 2. Noble ; excellent ; renowned ;
celebrated ; illustrious ; very honorable. 3. Boastful ;
self-exulting ; haughty ; ostentatious ; [obs.']
GLO'RI-OUS-LY. adv. Splendidly; illustriously ; with great
renown or dignity.
GLo'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being glo-
rious.
GLO'RY, 71. [Li gloria ; Ft. gloire.] 1. Brightness ; lustre ;
splendor. 2. Splendor ; magnificence. 3. The circle of
rays surrounding the head of a figure in painting. 4.
Praise ascribed in adoration ; honor. 5. Honor ; praise ;
fame; renown; celebrity. 6. The felicity of heaven pre-
pared for the children of God ; celestial bliss. — 7. In
Scripture, the divine presence ; or the ark, the manifesta-
tion of it. 8. The divine perfections or excellence. 9.
Honorable representation of God. 10. Distinguished honor
or ornament ; that which honors or makes renowned ;
that of which one may hoast. 11. Pride; boastful ness ;
arrogance ; as, vain glory. 12. Generous pride.
GLO'RY, V. i. [L. glorior.] 1. To exult with joy ; to re-
joice. 2. To boast ; to be proud of.
GLoRY-ING, j};>r. Exulting with joy ; hoasting.
GLo'RY-ING, n. The act of exulting ; exultation ; boast-
ing ; displav of pride.
GLOs^E, GLoSER. See Gloze.
GLOSS, n. [G. glosse.] I. Brightness or lustre of a body,
proceeding from a smooth surface. 2. A specious appear-
ance or representation ; external show that may mislead
opinion. 3. An interpretation artfully specious. 4. In-
terpretation ; comment; explanation; remark intended to
illustrate a subject. 5. A literal translation.
GLOSS, V. t. 1. To give a superficial lustre to; to make
smooth and shining. 2. To explain ; to render clear and
evident by comments ; to illustrate. 3. To give a specious
appearance to; to render specious and plausible; to pal-
liate by specious representation.
GLOSS, V. i. 1. To comment ; to write or make explanato-
ry remarks. 2. To make sly remarks. Prior.
GLOS-Sa'RI-AL, a. Containing explanation.
GLOSS'A-RIST, n. A writer of glosses or comments.
GLOSS' A-RY, 71. [Fr. glossaire.] A dictionary or vocabu-
lary, explaining obscure or antiquated words found in old
authors.
fGLOS-SA'TOR, 71. [Ft. glossateur.] A writer of com-
ments ; a commentator. Jlyliffe.
GLOSSED, pp. Made smooth and shining ; explained.
GLOSS'ER, 71. 1. A writer of glosses ; a scholiast ; a com-
mentator. 2. A polisher; one who eives a lustre.
GLOSS'I-NESS, n. The lustre or brightness of a smooth
surface. Boyle.
GLOSSING, ppr. Giving lustre to; polishing; explaining
by comments ; giving a specious appearance.
fGLOSS'IST, 71. A writer of comments. Wilton.
GLOSS-OG'RA-PHER, n. [gloss, and Gr. yoa(pw.'] A writer
of glosses ; a commentator ; a scholiast.
G LOSS-OG'RA-PHY, n. The writing of comments for il-
lustrating an author.
GLOSS-OLO-GIST, n. [gloss, and Gr. 'Xoyo^.] One who
writes glosses ; a commentator.
GLOSS-OL'O-GY, n. [gloss, and Gr. ^oyog.] Glosses or
commentaries ; explanatory notes.
GLOSS Y, a. Smooth and shining ; reflecting lustre from a
smooth surface ; highly polished.
GLOT'TIS. 71. [Gr. yAwrra.] The narrow opening at the
upper part rf the aspera arteria or windpipe.
tGLOUT, ti.i. [Scot.] To pout; to look sullen. Garth.
tGLOUT, V. t. To view attentively.
GL6VE, n. [Sax. gluf.] A cover for the hand, or for the
hand and arm, with a separate sheath for each finger.—
To throw the glove, with our ancestors, was to challenge
to single combat.
GL6VE, V. t. To cover with a glove Shak.
GLoV^ER, 71. One whose occupation is to mtike and sell
gloves.
GLoW, V. i. [Sax. glowan.] 1. To shine with intense heat ,
or, perhaps more correctly, to shine with a white heat ;
to exliibit incandescence. 2. To burn with vehement
heat. 3. To feel great heat of body ; to be hot. 4. To
exhibit a strong bright color ; to be red. 5. To be LrigJit
or red with heat or animation, or with blushes. 6. To
feel the heat of passion ; to be ardent; to be animated,
7. To burn with intense heat ; to rage ; as passion
t GLo W, V. i. To heat so as to shine. Shak.
t GLoW, V. t To make hot so as to shine. Shak
GLoW, n. 1. Shining heat, or white heat. 2. Brightness
of^color ; redness. 3. Vehemence of passion.
GLoW'ING, ppr. 1. Shining with intense heat ; white with
heat. 2. Burning with vehement heat. 3. Exhibiting a
bright color ; red 4 Ardent ; vehement ; animated. 5.
Inflamed
GLoW'ING-LY, adv. With great brightness ; with ardent
heat or passion.
GLoW'WoRM, 71. The female of the lampyris noctiluca,
an insect of the order o( coleopters .
GLOZE, v. i. [Sax. glesan.] To flatter ; to wheedle ; to
fawn ; to talk smoothly.
GLOZE over, v. t. To palliate by specious exposition.
GLOZE, 72. 1. Flattery ; adulation. Shak. 2. Specious
show; gloss; [o6s. See Gloss.] Sidney.
GLoZ'ER, 7!. A flatterer. Oifford.
GLoZ'ING, ppr. Flattering ; wheedling.
GLoZ'ING, n. Specious representation. Mountagu.
GLtJ'CIN, 7(. [Gr. y'XvKvg.] A soft, white earth or powder
obtained from the beryl and emerald.
GLuE, (glu) n. [Fr. glii.] Inspissated animal gluten; a te-
nacious, viscid matter, which serves as a cement to unite
other substances.
GLuE, V. t. [Fr. gluer.] 1. To join with glue or a viscous
substance. 2. To unite ; to hold together.
GLuE'BOIL-ER, n. [glue and boil.] One whose occupation
isjo make glue.
GLuED, pp. L^nited or cemented with glue.
GLuER, 7!. One who cements with glue.
GLU'EY, a. Viscous ; glutinous.
GLU'EY-NESS. v. The quality of being gluey.
GLUING,;?^. Cementing with glue.
GLU'ISH, a. Having the nature of glue. Sherwood.
GLUM, a.^[Scot. o-loum.] Frowning; sullen. [L.u.]
t GLUM, 71. Sullenness.
jGLUM, V. i. [from gloom.] To look sourly ; to be sour of
•countenance.
GLU-Ma'CEOUS, a. Having glumes ; consisting of glumes.
Barton.
GLUME, n. [L. gliima.] In botany, the calyx or corol of
corn and grasses ; the husk or chaff.
GLUM'MY, a. Dark ; gloomy ; dismal.
GLuM'OUS, a. A gluniKis flower is a kind of aggregate
flcwer, with a common glume at the base.
GLUT, V. i. [L. glutio.] 1. To swallow, or to swallow
greedily ; to gorge. Milton. 2. To cloy ; to fill beyond
sufficiency ; to sate ; to disgust. 3. To feast or delight
even to satiety, 4. To fill or furnish beyond sufficiency.
5. To saturate.
GLUT, 7i. 1. That which is swallowed. 2. Plenty even to
loathing. 3. More than enough; superabundance. 4. Any
thing that fills or obstructs the passage, 5. A wooden
wedge. JVeic England.
GLtj'TE-AL, a. [Gr, y^ovrog.] The gluteal artery is a
branch of the hypogastric or internal iliac artery.
GLtJ'TEN, n. [L.] A tough, elastic substance, of a grayish
color, found in the flour of wheat and other grain. 2.
That part of the blood which gives firmness to its texture.
GLtJ'TI-NATE, v. t. To unite with due ; to cement.
GLU-TI-Na TION, 71. The act of uniting with glue.
GLtr TI-NA-TiVE, a. Having the quality of cementing ;
tenacious,
GLU-TI-NOS'I-TY, 7!. The quality of being glutinous:
vijcousness.
GLu'TI-NOUS, n. [L. gbitinosv^.] 1. Viscous ; viscid ; te-
nacious ; having the quality of glue ; resembling glue
— 2. In botany, besmeared with a slipperv moisture.
GLtJ'TI-NOUS'-NESS, n. Viscosity ; viscidity ; the quality
of slue, tenacitv. Chevne.
GLUT'TON, (glut'tn) n. [Low L. gluto ; Fr. glouton.] 1.
One who indulges to excess in eating. 2. One eager of
any thing to excess. — 3. In zoology, an animal of the
genus ursus.
t GLUT'TON, V. t. To load ; to glut ; to overfill. Lovelace.
GLUT'TON-iZE, v. i. To eat to excess ; to eat voraciously ;
to indulge the appetite to excess.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. , Obsolete.
GO
380
GOA
GLUT'TON-OUS, a. 1. Given to excessive eating. 9.
Consisting in excessive eating.
GLUT'TON-OUS-LY, adv. Witli the voracity of a glutton;
withi excessive eatirg.
GLUT'TON-Y, n. 1. Excess in eating ; extravagant indul-
gence of the appetite for food. 2. Luxury of tlie table.
3. Voracity of appetite. Encyc.
GLY-Co'NI-AN, I a. [Low L. glyconium.] Denoting a kind
GLY-CON'ie, \ of verse in Greek and "Latin poetry.
GLYN. See Glen.
GLYPH, n. [Gr. y^vcptj.] In sculpture and architecture^ a
canal, channel or cavity intended as an ornament.
GL^PH'I€, 71. A picture or figure by which a word is im-
plied. See HlEKOGLYPHIC.
GLYP'TI€, 71. The art of engraving figures on precious
GLYP-TO-GRAPH'I€, a. [Gr. yXvTrro? and ypac^w.] De-
scribing the methods of engraving on precious stones.
GLYP-TOG'RA-PHY, n. A description of the art of engrav-
ing on precious stones.
GNAR, (nar) \v.i. [Sax.gmjrran, gnornian.] To growl;
GNARL, (narl) \ to murmur; to snarl, [Guar is nearly
obsolete.]
GNARLED, (narld) a. Knotty; fuir of knots.
GNASH, (nash) v. t. [Dan. Jcnasker.] To strike the teeth
together, as in anger or pain. Dryden.
GNASH, (nash) v.i. 1. To grind the teeth. 2. To rage
even to collision with the tteth ; to growl.
GNASH'ING, (nash'ing) ppr. Striking the teeth together, as
in anger, rage or pain.
GNASH'ING, (nash'ing) n. A giinding or striking of the
teeth in rage or anguish.
GNAT, (nat) n. [Sax. gncet.] 1. A small insect, or rather a
genus of insects, the culex. 2. Any 'thing proverbially
small.
tGNA-THON'I-€AL-LY, a^Zv. Flatteringly; deceitfully.
GNAT'FLOW-ER, n. A flower, called also bee-floioer.
GNAT'SNAP-PER, n. A bird that catches gnats.
GNAT'WoRM, ti. A small water insect produced by a
gnat ; the larva of a gnat.
GNAW, (naw) v. t. [Sax. gnagan.] 1. To bite off by little
and little ; to bite or scrape off with the fore teeth ; to
wear away by biting. 2. To eat by biting oflT small por-
tions of food with the fore teeth. 3. To bite in agony or
rage. 4. To waste ; to fret ; to corrode. 5. To pick with
the teeth.
GNAW, (naw) v. i. To use the teeth in biting.
GNAWED, (nawd) p/). Bit; corroded.
GNAWER, (naw'er) n. He or that which gnaws.
GNAWING, (naw'ing) ppr. Biting off by little and little ;
corroding ; eating by slow degrees.
GNe'ISS, (nSis) 71. [qu Dan. gnister.] In mineralogy, a
species of aggregated rock, composed of quartz, feldspar
and mica.
t GNOEF, (nof ) n. A miser.
GNOME, (nome) n. [Gr. yvuyfir].] 1. An imaginary being,
supposed by the cabaiists to inhabit the inner parts of the
BRrth. Encyc. 2. A brief reflection or maxim ; [not used.]
GNoM'I-€AL, (n5'me-kal) a. Sententious ; containing
maxims. [Little used.]
GNOM-I-0-MET'RI-€AL,a. [Gr. yvwixcov and nerpeu).] The
gnomiomr.frical telescope and microscope is an instru-
ment for measuring the angles of crystals.
GS8M-0-L§l't€AL, i - P^«^i"^"g ^« gnomology.
GNO-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. yvw/^j; and \oyog.] A collection
of maxims, grave sefitences or reflections. [Little used.]
GNo'MON, (no'mon) n. [Gr. yvcopwv.] 1. In dialing, the
style or pin, which by its shadow shows the hour of the
day. — 2. In astrovoiny, a style erected perpendicular to
the horizon, in order to find the altitude of the sun. 3.
The ffvomon of a globe is the index of the hour-circle.
GNO-MON'I€, ; a. Pertaining to the art of dialing.
GNO-MON'I-€AL, i Chambers.
GNO-MON'I€S, 71. The art or science of dialing.
GNOS'Tie, (nos'tik) n. [L. gnosticus.] The Gnostics were
a sect of philosophers that arose in the first ages of Chris-
tianity, who pretended they were the only men who had
a true knowledge of the Christian religion.
GNOS'Tie, (nos'tik) a. Pertaining to the Gnostics.
GNOS'TI-CISM, (nos'te-sizm) n. The doctrines or system
of philosophy tauglit by the Gnostics.
GNU, n. A species of antelope, in Southern Africa.
GO, V. i. ; pret. went ; pp. gone. Went belongs to the root.
Sax. wendan, a different word. [Sax. gan ; G. gehen.]
1. In a general sense, to move ; to pass ; to proceed from
one place, state or station to another. 2. To walk ; to
move on the feet, or step by step. 3. To walk leisurely ;
not to run. 4. To travel ; to journey. 5. To depart ; to
move from a place. 6. To proceed ; to pass. 7. To
move ; to pass in any manner or to any end. 8. To
move or pass customarily from place to place, denoting
custom or practice. 9. To proceed from one state or
opinion to another ; to change. 10. To proceed in menta
operations ; to advance ; to penetrate. 11. To proceed or
advance in accomplishing an end. 12. To apply ; to be
applicable. 13. To apply one's self. 14. To have re-
course to. 15. To be about to do. 16. To pass ; to ha
accounted in value. 17. To circulate ; to pass in report
18. To pass ; to be received ; to be accounted or under-
stood to be. 19. To move, or be in motion. 20. To
move as a fluid; to flow. 21. To have a tendency. 29.
To be in compact or partnership. 23. To be guided or
regulated ; to proceed by some principle or rule. 24. To-
be pregnant. 25. To pa'ss ; to be alienated in payment or
exchange. 28. To be loosed or released ; to be freed from
restraint. 27. To be expended. 28. To extend ; to reach.
29. To extend or lead in any direction. 30. To proceed :
to extend. 31. To have effect ; to extend in effect ; to avail ;
to be of force or value. 32. To extend in meaning or pur-
port. 33. To have a currency or use, as custom, opinion
or manners. 34. To contribute ; to conduce ; to concur ;
to be an ingredient. 35. To proceed ; to be carried on.
36. To proceed to final issue ; to terminate ; to succeed.
37. To proceed in a train, or in consequences. 38. To
fare ; to be in a good or ill state. 39. To have a tendency
or effect ; to operate.
To go about. 1. To set one's self to a business ; to attempt ;
to endeavor. — 2. In seamen's language, to tack ; to turn
the head of a ship. — To go abi-oad. 1. To walk out of a
house. 2. To be uttered, disclosed or published.— To go
against. 1. To invade ; to march to attack. 2. To be in
opposition ; to be disagreeable. — To go aside. 1. To with-
draw ; to retire into a private situation. 2. To en- ; to de-
viate from the right way, — To go astray, to wander ; to
break from an inclosure , also, to leave the right course ;
to depart from law or ruld ; to sin ; to transgress. — To go
away, to depart ; to go to a distance. — To go between, to
interpose ; to mediate ; to attempt to reconcile or to adjust
differences. — To go by. 1. To pass near and beyond. 2.
To pass away unnoticed ; to omit. 3. To find or get in
the conclusion. — To go down. 1. To descend in any man-
ner. 2. To fail ; to come to nothing. 3. To be swallow-
ed or received, not rejected. — To go forth, to issue or de-
part out of a place. — To go forward, to advance. — To go
hard with, to be in danger of a fatal issue ; to have diffi-
culty to escape. — To go in, to enter. — To go in to, to have
sexual commerce with.^T^o go in and out. 1. To do the
business of life. 2. To go freely ; to be at liberty. — To go'
off. 1. To depart to a distance ; to leave a place or station.
2. To die ; to decease. 3. I'o be discharged, as fire-arras ;
to explode. — To go on. 1. To proceed ; to advance for-
ward. 2. To be put on, as a garment. — To go out. 1. To
issue forth ; to depart from. 2. To go on an expedition.
3. To become extinct, as light or life ; to expire. 4. To
become public. — To go over. 1. To read ; to peruse ; to
study. 2. To examine ; to view or review. 3. To think
over ; to proceed or pass in mental operation. 4. To
change sides ; to pass from one party to another. 5. To
revolt. 6. To pass from one side to the other, as of a river
— To go through. I. To pass in a substance. 2. To exe
cute ; to accomplish ; to perform thoroughly ; to finish
3. To suffer ; to bear ; to undergo ; to sustain to the end.
— To go through with; to execute effectually. — To go un-
der, to be talked of or known, as by a title or name. — To
go up, to ascend ; to rise. — To go upon, to proceed as on a
foundation ; to take as a principle supposed or settled. —
To go with. 1. To accompany ; to pass with others. 2.
To side with ; to be in party or design with. — To go ill
with, to have ill fortune ; not to prosper .— To g-o well with,
to have good fortune ; to prosper. — To go without, to be or
remain destitute. — Qo to, come, move, begin ; a phrase of
exhortation ; also a phrase of scornful exhortation.
Go'-BE-TWEEN, n. An interposer; one who transacts
business between parties, f^hak.
Go'-BY, n. 1. Evasion ; escape by artifice. 2. A passing
without notice ; a thrusting away ; a shifting off.
Go'-€ART, n. A machine with wheels, in which children
learn to walk without danger of falling.
GoAD, 71. [Sax. gad.] A pointed instrument used to stim-
ulate a beast to move faster.
GoAD, V. t. 1. To prick ; to drive with a goad. 2. To in-
cite ; to stimulate ; to instigate ; to urge forward.
GoAD'ED, pp. Pricked ; pushed on by a goad ; insti-
gated.
GoAD'ING, ppr. Pricking ; driving with a goad ; inciting ;
urging on ; rousing.
Goal, ti, [Fr. gaule.] 1. The point set to bound a race,
and to which racers run ; the mark. 2. Any starting post
3. The end or final purpose ; the end aimed at.
GoAR, n. More usually gore, which see.
tGoAR'ISH, a. Patched ; mean. Beaumont.
GoAT, n. [Sax. gat ; D. geit.] An animal or quadruped of
the genus capra.
GoAT'-BEARD, n. See Goat's-beard.
GoAT'-CHAF-FER, n. An msect, a kind of beetle.
GoAT'FISH, n. A fish of the Mediterranean.
* S'e S7jnopsis. A R, T, O, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
GOE
381
GOI
GoAT'HERD, n. One whose occupation is to tend goats.
Spenser.
GoAT'ISH, a. 1. Resembling a goat in any quality j of a
rank smell. More. 2. Lustful. Shak.
G5AT-MAR'J0-RAM, n. Goat-beard.
GoAT'-MILK-ER, n. A kind of owl, so called from suck-
ing goats. Bailey.
GoAT'S'-BEARD, n. In botany, a plant of the genus trago-
pogon.
GoAT'SKIN, n. The skin of a goat. Pope.
GoAT'Si-RuE, n. A plant of the genus galega.
GoAT'S -STONES, n. The greater goat's-stones is the sa-
tyrium ; the lesser, the orchis.
GoAT'9-THORN, n. A plant of the genus astragalus.
GoAT'-SU€K-ER, n. In ornithology, a fowl of the genus
caprimulgus, so called from the opinion that it would suck
goats.
GOB, n. [Fr, gobe ; W gob.] A little mass or collection ; a
mouthful, [sd low word.]
GOB'BET, n. [Fr. gobe.] A mouthful ; a lump.
GOB'BET, V. t. To swallow in large masses or mouthfuls.
[./3 low word.] L'Estrange.
f GOB'BET-LY, adv. In pieces. Huloet.
GOB'BLE, V. t. [Fr. gober.] To swallow in large pieces; to
swallow hastily. Swift.
GOB'BLE, V. i. To make a noise in the throat, as a turkey.
Prior.
t GOB'BLE-GUT, n. A greedy feeder Sherwood.
GOB'BLER, n. 1. One who swallows in haste ; a greedy
eater ; a gormandizer. 2. A name sometimes given to
the turkey cock.
GOB'LET, n. [Fr. gobelet.] A kind of cup or drinking ves-
sel without a handle.
GOB'LIN, 71. [Fr. gobelin.] 1. An evil spirit 3 a walking
spirit; a frightful phantom. 2. A fairy ; an elf.
GOD, n. [Sax. god ; G. gott ; D. god ; Sw. and Dan. gud ;
Goth, goth, ox gnth.] 1. The Supreme Being ; Jehovah ;
the Eternal and Infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sove-
reign of the universe. 2. A false god ; a heathen deity ;
an idol. 3. A prince ; a ruler ; a magistrate or judge ; an
angel. 4. Any pei-son or thing exalted too much in esti-
mation, or deified and honored as the chief good.
tGOD, v_. t. To deify. Shak.
GOD'CHiLD, n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor at
baptism, and promises to see educated as a Christian,
GOD'DAUGH-TER, n. A female for whom one becomes
sponsor at baptism.
GOD'DESS, w. I. A female deity ; a heathen deity of the
female sex. — 2. In the language of love, a woman of su-
perior charms or excellence.
GOD'DESS-LiKE, a. Resembling a goddess.
GOD'FA-THER, n. [Sax. god ajiA fader .] The man who is
sponsor for a child at baptism.
GOD'PA-THER, v. t. To act as godfather. Burke.
GOD'HEAD, (god'hed) n. [god, and Sax. hade.] I.Godship ;
deity ; divinity ; divine nature or essence. Milton. 2. A
deity in person ; a god or goddess.
GOD'LESS, a. 1. Having no reverence for God ; impious ;
ungodly ; irreligious ; wicked. 2. Atheistical ; having no
belief in the existence of God. Milton.
GOD'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being impious.
GOD'LiKE, a. 1. Resembling God ; divine. 2. Resembling
a deity, or heathen divinity. 3. Of superior excellence.
GOD'LI-LY, adv. Piously ; righteously. H. F/harton.
GOD'LI-NESS, n. 1. Piety ; belief in God, and reverence
for his character and laws. 2. A religious life. 3. Reve-
lation ; the system of Christianity.
GOD'LING, n. A little deity ; a diminutive god,
GOD'LY, a. [god-like.] 1. Pious ; reverencing God, and
his character and laws. 2. Living in obedience to God's
commands ; religious ; righteous. 3. Pious ; conformed
to God's law.
GOD'LY, adv. Piously ; righteously,
(■ GOD'LY-HEAD, n. [Sax. god.&nd head.] Goodness. Spen-
ser.
GOD'MoTH-ER, n. [god and mother.] A woman who be-
comes sponsor for a child in baptism.
GOD'SHIP, n. Deity ; divinity ; the rank of a god.
GOD SMITH, n. A maker of idols. Dryden.
GOD'SoN, n. [Sax. godsunu.] One for whom another has
been sponsor at the font.
GOD SPEED, n. Good speed, that is, success. 2 John, 10.
GOD'S'-PEN-NY. n. An earnest-penny. Beaumont.
GOD WARD. Toward God. [jln ill-formed word.]
GOD'WIT, 71. A fowl of the grallic order.
*GOD'Y?ELD I "'^'"- ^ *^™ of thanks. Shak.
tGo'EL, a. [Sax. ^ea^ew.] Yellow. Tiisser.
JGo'EN, part. pret. of go, formerly so written.
Go'ER, 71. 1. One that goes ; a runner or walker. 2, One
that transacts business between parties. 3. A foot, 4. A
term applied to a horse ; as, a good goer. Beaumont.
fGo'E-TY, 71 [Gr. yo>7r£ta.] Invocation of evil spirits.
t GOFP, n. [ou. W. gofoL] A foolish clown , also^a game
See Golf.
fGOFF'ISH, a. Foolish; stupid. Chaucer.
GOG, 71, [W. gog. See Agog.] Haste ; ardent desire to
go. Beaumont.
GOG'GLE, V. i. [W. gogelu.] To strain or roll the eyes
Hudibras.
GOG'GLE, a. Having full eyes ; staring. B. Jonson.
GOG'GLE, n. A strained or affected rolling of the eye.
GOG'GLED, a. Prominent ; staring, as the eye.
GOG'GLE-EYE, n. A rolling or staring eye.
GOG'GLE-EyED, a. Having prominent, distorted or rolling
eyes, Ascham.
GOG'GLES, 71. plu. [W. gogelu.] 1. In surgery, instru-
ments used to cure squinting, or the distortion of the eyes
which occasions it. 2. Cylindrical tubes, in which are
fixed glasses for defending the eyes from cold, dust, &c.
3. Blinds for horses that are apt to take fright.
Go'WG, ppr. Moving; walking; traveling; turning; roll-
ing ; flying ; sailing, &c,
Go'ING, 71, 1. The act of moving, 2. The act of walking.
3. Departure. 4. Pregnancy. 5. Procedure ; way ; course
of life; beliavior; deportment. 6. Procedure; course of
providential agency or government.
GOI'TRE, \ n. [Fr. goitre.] The bronchocele ; a large tu
GOIT'BR, \ mor that forms gradually on the human
throat between the trachea and the skin.
GOIT'ROUS, a. [Fr, gottreux.] 1, Pertaining to the goitre ;
partaking of the nature of bronchocele, 2. Affected w-ith
bronchocele.
Go'LA, n. In architecture, the same as cymatium.
*GoLD, n. [Sax., G. gold.] 1. A precious metal of a
bright yellow color, the most ductile and malleable of
all the metals, and the heaviest except platina. 2. Money.
3. Something pleasing or valuable. 4. A bright yeilov/
color. 5. Riches ; wealth. — Gold of pleasure, a plant of
the genus myagrum.
Gold, a. Made of gold ; consisting of gold.
GoLD'BeAT-EN, a. Gilded. [Little tised.]
GoLD'BeAT-ER, n. One whose occupation is to beat or
foliate gold for gilding. Boyle. — Ooldbeater''s skin, the in-
testinum rectum of an ox, which goldbeaters lay between
the leaves of the metal while they beat it, whereby the
membrane is reduced very thin, and made fit to be appli-
ed to cuts and fresh wounds.
GoLD'BOUND, a. Encompassed with gold. Shak.
Gold CoAST, 71. in geography, a part of the coast of
Guinea, in Africa, where gold is found.
GoLD'EN, (gol'dn) a. 1. Made of gold ; consisting of gold
2. Bright ; shining ; splendid. 3, Yellow ; of a gold color
4, Excellent ; most valuable, 5. Happy ; pure ; as, the
golden age. 6. Preeminently favorable or auspicious.—
Golden number, in chronology, a number showing the
year of the moon's cycle, — Golden rule, in arithmetic, the
rule of three, or rule of proporti-on,
GoLD'EN-CUPS, n. A plant, the ranunculus.
GoLD'EN-LUNG'-WORT, n. A plant.
fGoLD'EN-LY, adv. Splendidly; delightfully. Shak.
GoLD'EN-MaID'EN-HAIR, n. A plant.
GoLD'EN-MOUSE'-eAR, 71. A plant.
GoLD'EN-ROD, n. A plant, the solidago.
GoLD'EN-ROD'-TREE, n. A plant, the bosea.
GoLD'EN-SAM'PHIRE, n. A plant.
GoLD'EN-SAX'I-FRAGE, 71, A plant.
GoLD'EN-THIS'TLE, n. A plant.
GoLD'FINCH, n. [Sax, goldfinc] The fr in gill a cardaelis,
a bird so named from the color of its wings.
GoLD'-FTND-ER, n. One who finds gold ; one who emp-
ties jakes. [JYot much lis ed.] Swift.
^OLD'FISH, or GoLD'EN-FISH, n. A fish of the genus cy
prinus, of the size of a pilchard.
GoLD'-HAM-MER, n. A kind of bird. Diet.
GoLD'-HlLT-ED, a. Having a golden hilt.
GoLD'ING, 7?. A sort of apple. Dici.
GoLD'LACE, n. A lace wrought with gold.
GoLDLaCED, a. Trimmed Vv^ith gold lace.
GoLD'LeAF, n. Gold beaten into a thin leaf.
GoLD'NEY, n. A fish, the gi.lthead. Diet.
GoLD'-PLEAS-URE, for gold of pleasure, a plant.
GoLD'-PROOF, a. Proof against bribery
GoLD'-SIZE, n. A size or glue for burnishing gilding
GoLD'SMITH, n. 1. An artisan who manufactures vessels
and ornaments of gold and silver, 2. A banker,
GoLD'THREAD, n.' 1. A thread formed of flatted gold laid
over a thread of silk. 2. A plant, the helleborus trifolius,
so called from its fibrous yellow roots. U. States.
GoLD'WIRE, n. An ingot of silver, superficially covered
with gold, and drawn through small holes,
GoLD'Y-LOCKS, n. A name given to certain plants.
GOLF, n. [D, kolf.] A game with ball and bat, in which
he who drives the ball into a hole with the fewest strokes
is the winner.
fGOLL, 71. [Gr. yv'a\ov.] Hands; paws; claws.
See Synopsis- MOVE, BQQK, D6VE —BULL. UNITE — € as K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett
GOO
382
GOR
GO-LoE'~SHCE, 71. An over-shoe ; a shoe worn over an-
othej to keep the foot dry.
GO-LoRE', 71. [Irish, gleire.] Abundance.
fGOM, n. [Sax. gum ; Goth, guma.] A man.
t Go MAN, ?i. A man. Whiter.
GOME, s. The black grease of a cart-wheel, probably a cor-
ruption of coom.
GOM-PHo'SIS, n. [Gr. yo^^wo-tf.] A particular form of ar-
ticulation ; the connection of a tooth to its socket. Wise-
man.
GOIS'DO-LA, 71. [It. j Fr. gondole.] A flat-bottomed boat,
very long and narrow, used at Venice in Italy, on the ca-
nals.
GON-DO-LIkR', n. A man who rows a gondola.
GONE, {pronounced, nearly, gawn.) pp. of go. 1. Departed.
2. Advanced ; forward in progress. 3. Ruined ; undone.
4. Past ; sometimes with iy. 5. Lost. 6. Departed from
life ; deceased ; dead.
fGON'FA-LON, / 71. [^oTi/aTioTz, Chaucer ; Fr. gonfalon.]
J GON'FA-NON, \_ An ensign or standard ; colors.
t GON-FAL-O-NIeR', 71. A chief standard-bearer.
GONG, 71. [Sax. gang.] 1. A privy or jakes ; [obs.] Chau-
cer. 2. An instmment made of brass, of a circular form,
which the Asiatics strike with a wooden mallet. Todd.
GO-NI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ywvia and [lerpov.] An instru-
ment for measuring solid angles.
GO-NI-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to a goniometer.
GON-OR-RHe'A, n. [Gr. yovos and ptu).] A morbid dis-
charge in venereal complaints.
(JOOD, a. [Sax. god, or good ; Goth, goda, ^ods, gotli ; G.
giit ; D. goed ; Sw. and Dan. god.] 1. Valid; legally
firm ; not weak or defective. 2. Valid ; sound ; not
weak, false or fallacious. 3. Complete or sufficiently
perfect in its kind ; having the physical qualities best
adapted to its design and use ; opposed to bad, imperfect,
corrupted, impaired. 4. Having moral qualities best adapt-
ed to its design and use, or the qualities which God's law
requires ; virtuous ; pious ; religious. 5. Conformable to
the moral law ; virtuous. 6. Proper ; fit ; convenient ;
seasonable ; well adapted to the end. 7. Convenient ;
useful ; expedient ; conducive to happiness. 8. Sound ;
perfect; uncorrupted ; undamaged. 9. Suitable to the
taste or to health ; wholesome ; salubrious ; palatable ;
n<..» disagreeable or noxious. 10. Suited to produce a sal-
utary effect ; adapted to abate or cure ; medicinal ; salu-
tary ; beneficial. 11. Suited to strengthen or assist the
healthful functions. 12. Pleasant to the taste. 13. Full ;
complete. 14. Useful; valuable; having qualities or a
tendency to produce a good effect. 15. Equal ; adequate ;
competent. 16. Favorable ; convenient for any purpose.
17. Convenient ; suitable ; safe. 18. Well qualified ; able ;
skillful. 19. Ready ; dextrous. 20. Kind ; benevolent ;
affectionate. 21. Kind; affectionate; faithful. 22. Pro-
motive of happiness ; pleasant ; agreeable ; cheering ;
gratifying. 23. Pleasant or prosperous. 24. Honorable ;
fair ; unblemished ; unimpeached. 25. Cheerful ; favor-
able to happiness. 26. Great or considerable ; not small
nor very great. 27. Elegant ; polite. 28. Real ; serious ;
not feigned. 29. Ki-nd ; favorable ; benevolent ; humane.
30. Benevolent; merciful; gracious. 31. Seasonable;
commendable ; proper. 32. Pleasant ; cheerful ; festive.
33. Companionable ; social ; merry. 34. Brave , in fa-
miliar language. 35. In the phrases, the good man, ap-
plied to the master of the house, and good woman, appli-
ed to the mistress, good sometim'es expresses a moderate
degree of respect, and sometimes slight contempt. 36.
The phrase good will is equivalent to benevolence ; but
it signifies, also, an earnest desire, or a hearty wish. 37.
Comely ; handsome ; well formed. 38. Mild ; pleasant.
39. Mild : calm ; not irritable. 40. Kind ; friendly ; hu-
mane
Good aamce, wise and prudent counsel. — Good heed, great
care ; due caution. — In good sooth, in good truth ; in real-
ity ; [obs.]— To make good. 1. To perform ; to fulfill. 2. To
confiiTn or establish ; to prove ; to verify. 3. To supply de-
ficiency ; to make up a defect or loss. 4. To indemnify ; to
give an equivalent for damages. 5. To maintain ; to carry
into effect. — To stand good, to be firm or valid. — To think
good, to see good, is to be pleased or satisfied ; to think to
bs expedient. — As good as, equally ; no better than ; the
same as. — As good as his word, equaling in fulfillment
what was promised ; perfonning to the extent.
GOOD, 71. 1. That which contributes to diminish or remove
pain, or to increase happiness or prosperity ; benefit ; ad-
vantage. 2. Welfare ; prosperity ; advancement of inter-
est or happiness. 3. Spiritual advantage or improvement.
4. Earnest ; not jest. 5. Moral works. 6. Moral quali-
ties ; virtue ; righteousness. 7. The best fruits ; richness ;
abundance.
f GOOD, V. t. To manure. Hall.
GOOD, adv. As good, as well ; with equal advantage ; as,
had you not as good (in America, as goods) go with me ?
GOOD, i7,terj. Well ! right !
GOOD-BREED'ING. 71. Polite manner?, formed by a good
education ; a polite education.
GOOD-BY. See By.
GOOD-CON-Di"TIONED, a. Being in a good state ; hav-
ing good qualities or favorable symptoms.
t GOOD'DEN, adv. A form of wishing ; a contraction of
good-dayen, the Saxon plural of day.
GOOD-FEL'LoW, n. A jolly companion.
GOOD-FEL'LoW, v. t. To make a jolly companion ; to
besot. [Little used.]
GOOD-FEL'LoW-SHIP, 7i. Merry society.
GOOD-FRi'DAY, n. A fast of the Christian church, in
memoryof our Savior's sufferings.
GOOD-Hu'MOR, 71. A cheerful temper or state of mind.
GOOD-Hu'MORED, a. Being of a cheerful temper.
GOOD-Hu'MORED-LY, adv. With a cheerful temper; in
a cheerful way.
GOOD^ING, 71. A custom by women only, who ask alms,
and in return wish all that is good.
GOOD-MAN'NERS, n. Propriety of behavior; politeness ;
decorum.
GOOD-NaT'URE, 71. Natural mildness and kindness of
disposition.
GOOD-NaT'URED, a. Naturally mild in temper ; not easi-
ly provoked.
GOOD-NaT'URED-LY, atZw. With mildness of temper.
GOOD- NOW. 1. An exclamation of wonder or surprise
2.' An exclamation of entreaty ; [not used.] Shak.
GOOD'-SPEED, 71. Good success. See Speed.
GOOD'-WIFE, 71. The mistress of a family. Burto7i
GOOD -WILL, n. Benevolence.
GOOD-WOM'AN, v. The mistress of a family.
t GOOD'LESS, a. Having no goods. Chaucer.
GOOD'LI-NESS, n. Beauty of form ; grace; elegance.
GOOD'LY, adv. Excellently. Spenser.
GOOD'LY, a. 1. Being of a handsome form ; beautiful ;
graceful. 2. Pleasant ; agreeable ; desirable. 3. Bulky
swelling ; affectedly turgid ; [obs.]
t GOOD'LY-HEAD, 71. Goodness; grace. Spenser.
GOODMAN, n. 1. A familiar appellation of civility;
sometimes used ironically. 2. A rustic term of compli-
ment. 3. A familiar appellation of a husband ; also, the
master of a family.
GOOD'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being good ; the physical
qualities which constitute value, excellence or perfection.
2. The moral quahties which constitute Christian excel-
lence ; moral virtue ; religion. 3. Kindness ; benevolence ;
benignity of heart ; but more generally, acts of kindness ;
charity ; humanity exercised. 4. Kindness ; benevolence
of nature ; mercy. 5. Kindness ; favor shown ; acts of
benevolence, compassion or mercy.
GOODS, 71. pill. 1. Movables ; household furniture. 2.
Personal or movable estate. 3. Wares ; merchandise ;
commodities bought and sold by merchants and traders.
t GOOD'SHIP, n. Favor ; grace.
GOOD'Y, n. [qyiL. goodwife.] A low term of civility.
GOOD'Y-SHIP, n. The state or quality of a goody.
GOOG'INGS, or GOOD'INGS, n. In seamen^s language,
clamps of iron bolted on the stern-post of a ship, whereon
to hang the rudder.
GOOS'AN-DER, 7i. A migratory fowl.
GOOSE, (goos) 71. ,• plu. Geese. [Sax. gos.] 1. A well-
known aquatic fowl of the genus anas ,• but the domestic
goose lives chiefly on land, and feeds on grass. 2. A
tailor's smoothing iron.
GOOSE'BER-RY, (goos'ber-^-y) n. [D. kruisbes ; L. grossula.
The English word is undoubtedly corrupted from cross-
berry, grossberry, or gorseberry.] The fruit of a shrub,
and the shrub itself, the ribes grossularia.
GOOSE'GAP, (goos'kap) n. A silly person. Beaumont.
GOOSE'FOOT, (goos'fut) n. A plant.
GOOSE'GRASS, (goos'grass) n. A plant.
GOOSE'NECK, (goos'lieck) n. In a sAip, a piece of iron fixed
on one end of the tiller.
GOOSE'Q,UILL, (goos'quil) n. The large feather or quill of
a goose ; or a pen made with it.
GOOSE'TONGUE, (goos'tung) n. A plant.
GOOSE'WING, (goos'wing) n. In seamen^s language, a sail
set on a boom on the lee side of a ship.
fGOP'PISH, a. Proud ; pettish. Ray.
GOR -BEL-LIED, a. Big-bellied. Shak.
t GOR'-BEL-LY, n. A prominent belly.
f GORGE, n. [Norm. Fi. gors.] A pool of water to keep
fish in ; a wear.
GOR '-COCK, n. The moor-cock, red-grouse.
GOR'-CRoW, 7?,. The carrion-crow. Johnson.
GORD, 7?. An instrument of gaming.
GORD'I-AN, a. Intricate. — Gordian knot, in antiquity, a
knot in the leather or harness of Gordius, a king of
Phrygia, so very intricate, that there was no finding
where it began or ended.
GORE, n. [Sax. gor.] 1. Blood ; but generally, thick O!
clotted blood. 2. Dirt ; mud ; [unvsuo^ ]
See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, tj, Y, ;o7i^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
GOS
383
GOV
GORE, n. [Scot, gore, or gair.'j 1. A wedge-shaped or tri-
angular piece of cloth sewed into a garment lo widen it in
any part. 2. A slip or triangular piece of land. — 3. In
heraldry, an abatement denoting a coward.
GORE, V. t. [W.gyru.] 1. To stab; to pierce; to pene-
trate with a pointed instrument, as a spear. 2. To pierce
with the point of a horn.
GoRED, pp. Stabbed; pierced with a pointed instru-
ment.
GOR6E, (gorj) n. [Fr. gorge; It. gorga.] 1. The throat ;
the gullet ; the canal of the neck by which food passes to
the stomach. — 2. In architecture, the narrowest part of
the Tuscan and Doric capitals.^3. In fortification, the
entrance of the platform of any work. 4. That which is
gorged or swallowed.
GOR6E, (gorj) v. t. 1. To swallow ; to swallow with
greediness. 2. To glut ; to fill the throat or stomach ; to
satiate.
G0R6E, V. i. To feed. Milton.
G0R6ED, pp. Swallowed ; glutted.
G0R6ED, a. 1. Having a gorge or throat.— 2. In heraldry,
bearing a crown or the like about the neck.
GOR'GEOUS, a. Showy ; fine ; splendid ; glittering with
gay colors.
GOR'GEOUS-LY, adv. With showy magnificence ; splen-
didly; finely.
GOR'GEOUS-NESS, n. Show of dress or ornament ; splen-
dor of raiment.
GOR'GET, n. [Fr. gorgeUe.] 1. A'piece of armor for de-
fending the throat or neck ; a kind of breast-plate like a
half moon. 2. Formerly, a ruff worn by females. — 3. In
suf'gery, gorget, or gorgeret, is a cutting instrument used
in lithotomy.
GOR'GING, ppr. Swallowing ; eating greedily ; glutting.
COR'GON, 11. [Gr.] 1. A fabled monster of terrific aspect,
the sight of which turned the beholder to stone. 2. Any
thing very ugly or horrid.
GOR'GON, a. Like a gorgon ; very ugly or terrific.
GOR-Go'NE-AN, ) a. Like a gorgon ; pertaining to gor-
GOR-GO'NI-AN, \ gons. Milton.
GOR'-HEN, 71. The female of the gor-cock. .
GoR'ING,ppr. [from o-ore.] Stabbing; piercing.
GoR'ING, n. A pricking ; puncture. Dryden.
GOR'MAND, ) V. [Fr. gourmand ; W. gor7nant.] A
GOR'MAND-ER, ) greedy or ravenous eater ; a g ut-
ton.
GOR'MAN-DTZE, v. i. To eat greedily ; to swallow vora-
ciously. Shak.
t GOR'MAN-DiZE, n. Voraciousness.
GOR'MA N-DlZ-ER, n. A greedy, voracious eater.
GOR'MAN-DlZ-ING, ppr. Eating greedily and voraciously.
GORSE, ) n. [Sax. gorst.] Furz, or whin, a thick, prickly
GORSS, \ shrub, of the genus ulex.
GoR'Y, a. 1. Covered with congealed or clotted blood. 2.
Bloody; murderous. Shak.
GOS'HAWK, 71. [Sax. goshafoc] A voracious fowl.
GOS'LiNG, 71. [Sax. gos and ling.] 1. A young goose; a
goose not full grown. 2. A catkin on nut-trees and
pines.
GOS'PEL, n. [Sax. godspell ; god, good, and spell, history.]
1. The history of the birth, life, actions, death, resunec-
tion, ascension and doctrines of Jesus Christ ; or a revela-
tion of the grace of God to fallen man through a Mediator.
2. God's word. 3. Divinity ; theology. 4. Any general
doctrine.
GOSTEL, V. t. To instruct in the gospel ; or to fill with
sentiments of religion. Shak.
GOS'PEL-GOS-SIP, n. One who is over-zealous in running
about among his neighbors to lecture on religious subjects.
Jiddison.
GOS'PEL-LA-RY, a. Theological. The Cloak in its Colors.
GOS'PEL-iZE, V. t. 1. To form according to the gospel.
Milton. _2. To instruct in the sospel ; to evangelize.
GOS'PEL-lZED, j}p Instructed m the Christian religion.
GOS'PEL-lZ-ING, ppr. Evangelizing ; instructing in the
Christian religion. E. Stiles.
GOS'PEL-LER, n. 1. An evangelist ; also, a follower of
Wickliffe. 2. He who reads the Gospel at the altar.
GOSS, 71. A kind of low furz or gors. Shak.
GOS'SA-MER, 71. [L. ffossipiam.] A fine, filmy substance,
like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather,
especially in autumn.
GOS'SA-MER-Y, a. Like gossamer ; flimsy ; unsubstantial.
Pursuits of Literature.
GOS'SIP, 71. [Sax. ^odsihb.] 1. A sponsor ; one who an-
swers for a child in baptism ; a godfather ; [o&s.] 2. A
tippling companion. 3. One who runs from house to
house, tattling and telling news ; an idle tattler. 4. A
friend or neighbor ; {ohs.'] 5. Mere tattle ; idle talk.
GOS'SIP, V. i. 1. To prate ; to chat ; to talk much. 2. To
be a pot-companion. 3. To run about and tattle ; to tell
idle tales.
GOS'SIP-ING, ppr. Prating; chatting; running from place
to place and tattling.
GOS'SIP-ING , n. A prating ; a running about to collect taled
and tattle.
t GOS'SIP-RED, n. Compaternity ; spiritual affinity, for
which a juror might be challenged.
t GOS-SOON', 71. [Fr. gargon.} A boy ; a sei-vant.
GOS'TING, 71. An herb. Ainsworth.
GOT, pret. of get. The old preterit gat, pronounced g-o? , is
nearly obsolete.
GOT, and GOT'TEN,;)p. of get.
GOTE, 71. A water passage ; a channel for water. Grose.
GOTH, 71. 1. One of an ancient and distinguished tribe or
nation, which inhabited Scandinavia. 2. One rude or
uncivilized ; a barbarian. 3. A rude, ignorant person.
Go'THAM-IST, n. A person deficient in wisdom, so called
from Gotham in Nottinghamshire, noted for some pleas-
ant blunders. Bp. Morton.
GOTH'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to the Goths. 2. Rude; 'an-
cient. 3. Barbarous.
GOTH'IO, n. The language of the Goths.
GOTH'I-CISM, 71. 1. Rudeness of manners ; barbarousness.
2. A Gothic idiom. 3. Conformity to the, Gothic style of
building.
GOTH'I-CiZE, V. t. To make Gothic ; to bring back to bar-
barism. Strutt.
\ GOUD, ti. Woad.
* GOUGE, (gouj) 71. [Fr. gouge.] A round, hollow chisel,
used to cut holes, channels or grooves in wood or stone.
Moxon.
GOUGE, (gouj) V. t. 1. To scoop out with a gouge. 2. To
force out the eye of a person with the thumb or finger ; a
barbarous practice.
GOU'JEERS, 71. [Fr. gouge, a camp trull.] The French
disease. Shak.
GOUL'AND, 71. A plant or flower. B. Jonson.
GOUL'ARD'S EX'TRACT. [So called from fhe inventor.]
A saturated solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a
remedy for inflammation.
*GoURD, n. |Fr. courge.] A plant and its fruit.
GoURD'I-NESS, n. A swelling on a horse's leg.
GoURD'Y, a. Swelled in the legs.
GoURD'-TREE, n. A tree, the crescentia
GOUR'MAND. See Gcrmand.
GOUR'NET, n. A fish.
GOUT, 71. [Fr. goutte.} 1. The artAT^fris, a painful disease
of the small joints, but sometimes affecting the stomach.
It is often periodical or intermitting. 2. A drop ; [not
iised.]
GOUT, (goo) 7?.. [Fr., fram L. gustus.] Taste ; relish.
GOUT'I-NESS, 71. The state of being subject to the gout ;
gouty affections.
GOUT'SWELLED, a. Swelled with the gout.
GOUT'WoRT, n. A plant, the -Bgopodium-
GOUT'Y, a. 1. Diseased with the gout, or subject to the
gout. 2. Pertaining to the gout. 3. Swelled ; boggy ;
[obs.]
GOVE, 71. A mow. Tusser.
GOVE, V. t. To mow ; to put in a gove, goff or mow.
Tusser.
GOVERN, V. t. [Fr. gouverner.] 1. To direct and control,
as the actions or conduct of men ; to regulate by authori-
ty ; tokeepw'thin the limits prescribed. 2. To regulate;
to influence ; to direct. 3. To control ; to restrain ; to
keep in due subjection. 4. To direct ; to steer ; to regu-
late the course or motion of a ship. — 5. In grammar, to
require to be in a particular case.
GoV'ERN, V. i. 1. To exercise authority ; to administer the
laws. 2. To maintain the superiority ; to have the
control.
GoV'ERN- A-BLE, a. That may be governed, or subjected
to authority ; controllable ; manageable ; obedient ; sub-
missive to law or rule. Locke.
GoV'ERN-ANCE, n. Government ; exercise of authority ;
direction ; control ; management. Shak.
GoV'ERN-ANT, n. [Fr. gouvernante.] A lady who has
the care and management of young females ; a govern-
ess.
Governed, pp. Directed; regulated by authority ; con-
trolled ; managed ; influenced ; restrained.
GoV'ERN-ESS, 7!. A female invested with authority to
control and direct ; a tutoress ; an instructress ; a woman
who has the care of instructing and directing young la-
dies.
GoV'ERN-ING, ppr. 1. Directing ; controlling ; regulating
by laws or edicts; managing; influencing; restraining
2. a. Holding the superiority ; prevalent. 3. Directing ,
controlling ; as, a governing motive.
GoV'ERN-MENT, 7;. 1. Direction ; regulation. 2 Con-
trol ; restraint. 3. The exercise of authority ; direction
and restraint exercised over the actions of men ; the ad-
ministration of public affairs. 4. The exercise of authority
by a parent or householder. 5. The system of polity in a
state ; that form of fundamental rules and principles by
which a nation or state is governed. 6. An empire, king-
dom or state ; any tc3rritory over which the right of sove-
• See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, DO VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH • TH as in this, f Obsolete
GRA
384
GRA
reignty is extended. 7. The right of governing or admin-
istering the laws. 8. The persons or council which ad-
minister the laws of a kingdom or state j executive power.
9. Manageableness ; compliance; obsequiousness. 10.
Regularity of behavior; [obs.] 11. Management of the
limbs or body ; [obs.] — 12. In grammar, the influence of
a word in regard to construction, as when established
usage requires that one word should cause another to be
in a particular case or mode.
G6V-EKN-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to government; made
by government. Hamilton.
G6V'ERN-0R, n. 1. He that governs, rules or directs; one
invested with supreme authority. 2. One who is invest-
ed with supreme authority to administer or enforce the
laws. 3. A tutor ; one who has ihe care of a young man.
4. A pilot ; one who steers a ship. 5. One possessing del-
egated authority.
G6V'ERN-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a governor.
GOW'AN, n. A plant, a species of bellis or daisy.
GOWD, n. A gaud; a toy.
GOWIC. See Gawk,
1;G0WK,v,t. Tostupify. B. Johnson.
t GOWL, V. i. [Icel. goela.l To howl. Wickliffe.
GOWN, n. [W. g-ww.J 1. A woman's upper garment. 2.
A long loose, upper, garmert or robe, worn by professional
men. 3. A long, loose, upper garment, worn in sickness,
&;c. 4. The dress of peace, or the civil magistracy.
GOWNED, a. Dressed in a gown. Dryden.
GO WN'MAN, 71. 1. One whose professional habit is a gown.
2. One devoted to the arts of peace. Rowe.
GOZ ZARD, n. [a corruption of gooseherd.] One who at-
tends geese
G riAB, 71. A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two
or three masts. Diet.
GRAB. V. t. [Dan. greb.] To seize ; to gripe suddenly.
i Vulgar.]
AB'BLE, V. i. [dim. of grab ; D. grabbelen.] 1. To
grope ; to feel with the hands. 2. To lie prostrate on the
belly ; to sprawl.
GRAB'BLING , ppr. Groping; feeling along ; sprawling.
GRACE, ?i. [Fr. grace; It. gratia; S^. gracia.] 1. Favor;
gocd-will ; kindness ; disposition to oblige another. 2.
Appropriately, the free, unmerited love and favor of God.
3. Favorable influence of God ; divine influence. 4. The
application of Christ's righteousness to the sinner. 5. A
state of reconciliation to God. 6. Virtuous or religious
affection ur disposition. 7. Spiritual instruction, improve-
men; and edification. 8. Apostleship, or the qualifications
of an apostle. 9. Eternal life ; final salvation. 10. Favor ;
mercy; pardon. 11. Favor confen-ed. ID. Privilege.
13. That, in manner, deportment or language, which ren-
ders it appropriate and agreeable \, suitableness ; elegance
with ^p;^Topriate dignity. 14. Natural or acquired excel-
lence. 15. Beauty; embellishment; in general , wh.s.tever
adorns and recommends to favor; sometimes, a single
beauty. 16. Beauty deified ; among pagans, a goddess.
17. Virtue physical, [not used.] 18. The title of a duke
or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England,
meaning your goodness or clemency. 19. A short prayer
before or after meat. — 20. In music, graces signifies turns,
trills and shakes introduced for embellishment. — Day of
grace, m theology, time of probation. — Days of grace, in
commerce, the days immediately following the day when
a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the
debtor or payor to make payment in.
GRACE, V. t. 1. To adorn ; to decorate ; to embellish and
dignify. 2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor ; to
honor. 3 To favor ; to honor. 4. To supply with heaven-
ly grace.
GRaCE'CUP, n. The cup or health drank after grace. Prior.
GRACED;;;^. 1. Adorned ; embellished ; exalted ; dignified ;
honored. 2. a. Beautiful ; graceful ; [obs.] 3. Virtuous ;
■ regular ; chaste ; [obs.]
GRaCE'FUL, a. Beautiful with dignity ; elegant ; agreea-
ble in appearance, with an expression of dignity or eleva-
tion of mind or manner.
GRaCE'FUL-LY, ady. With a pleasing dignity ; elegantly;
with a natural ease and propriety.
GRaCE'FUL-NESS, 71. Elegance "of manner or deportment ;
beauty with dignity in manner, motion or countenance.
GRaCE'LESS, a. Void of grace ; coiTupt ; depraved ; un-
regenerale ; unsanctified.
GRaCE'LESS-LY, adv. Without grace.
GRaCE'LESS-NESS, 71. Want of grace ; profligacy. Dr.
Favour.
GRa'CES, 71. Oood graces, favor ; friendship.
t GRAC'ILE, a. fL. gracilis.] Slender.
r '];RAC'I-LENT,- a. [L. gracilentus.] Lean. Diet.
t GRA-CIL'I-TY, 71. Slenderness.
GRa'CIOUS, a. [Fr. gracieuz ; L. gratiosus.] 1. Favora-
ble ; kind ; friendly. 2. Favorable ; kind ; benevolent ;
merciful ; disposed to forgive offenses and impart unmerit-
ed blessings. 3. Favorable ; expressing kindness and
favor. 4. Proceeding from divine grace. 5. Accepta-
ble ; favored. 6. Renewed or implanted by grace. 7.
Virtuous ; good. 8. Excellent ; graceful ; becoming ; [obs. \
GRa'CIOUS-I.Y, adv. 1. Kindly ; favorably ; in a friendly
manner; with kind condescension. 2. In a pleasing
manner.
GRa'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Kind condescension. 2. Posses-
sion of graces or good qualities. 3. Pleasing manner. 4.
Mercifulness.
GRA0KLE, n. [L. gracvlus.] A genus of birds.
GRA-Da'TION, n. [L. gradatio ; Fr. gradation.] 1. A se-
ries of ascending steps or degrees, or a proceeding step by
step ; hence, progress from one degree or state to another;
a regular advance from step to step, 2. A degree in any
order or series. 3. Order ; series ; regular process by de-
grees or steps.
GRAD'A-TO-RY, a. Proceeding step by step. Seward.
GRAD'A-TO-RY, n. Steps from the cloisters into.the church.
Ainsworth.
GRADE, 71. [Sax. grade, grad; Fi. grade; Sp., It. grado ;
from L, gradus.] 1, A degree or rank in order or dignity,
civil, military or ecclesiastical. Si?- TV. Scott. R. Southey.
2. A step or degree in any ascending series. S. S. Smith
GRaDE'LY, adv. Well; handsomely; decently; orderly.
Craven dialect.
GRADE'LY, a. Decent ; orderly. Cheshire.
GRa'DI-ENT, a. [li. gradiens.] Moving by steps; walk-
ing. Wilkins.
GRAD'U-AL, a. [Fr. graduel.] 1. Proceeding by steps or
degrees ; advancing step by step ; passing from one step to
anotlier ; regular and slow. 2. Proceeding by degrees in
a descending line or progress.
GRAD'U-AL, 71. 1. An order of steps. Dryden. 2. A grail;
an ancient book of hymns and prayers. Todd.
GRAD'U-AL-LY, <z(Z?j. 1, By degrees; step by step ; regu-
larly ; slowly. 2. In degree ; [not used.]
t GRAD-U-AL'I-TY, 7?,, Regular progrossion. Brown.
GRAD'U-ATE, v. t. [It. graduare.] 1. To honor with a
degree or diploma, in a college or university ; to confer a
degree on, 2. To mark with degrees, regular intervals,
or divisions. 3. To form shades or nice diflerences, 4. To
raise to a higher place in the scale of metals, 5, To ad-
vance by degrees ; to improve. 6. To temper ; to prepare.
7. To mark degrees or differences of any kind, — 8, In
chemistry, to bring fluids to a certain degree of consistency.
GRAD'U-ATE, v. i. 1. To receive a degree from a college or
university. Gilpin. 2. To pass by degrees; to change
gradually. Kirwan.
GRAD'U-ATE, ?;, One who has received a degree in a col-
lege or university, or from some professional incorporated
societv.
GRAD'U-A-TED, jjp. 1. Honored with a degree or diploma
from some learned society or college. 2. Marked with
degrees or regular intervals ; tempered.
GRAD'U-ATE-SHIP, n. The state of a graduate.
GRAD'U-A-TING, ppr. Honoring with a degree ; marking
with degrees.
GRAD-U-a'TION, 71. 1. Regular progression by succession
of degrees. 2. Improvement ; exaltation of qualities. 3
The act of conferring or receiving academical degrees
4. The act of marking with degrees. 5. The process of
bringing a liquid to a certain consistence by evaporation.
GRAD'U-A-TOR, n. An instrument for dividing any line
right or curve, into equal parts. Journ. of Science.
GRAFF, n. [See Gkave.] A ditch or moat. Clarendon.
t GRAFF, superseded by graft.
GRAFT, n. [Fr. greffe.] A small shoot or cion of a tree,
inserted in another tree as the stock which is to support
and. nourish it.
GRAFT, V. t. [Fr, greffer.] 1. To insert a cion or shoot,
or a small cutting of it, into another tree. 2. To propa-
gate by insertion or inoculation. 3. To insert in a body
to wliicli it did not originally belong. 4. To impregnate
with a foreign branch. 5, To join one thing to another so
as to receive support from it.
GRAFT, «. i. To practice the insertion of foreign cions on
a stock.
GRAFT 'FT), pp. Inserted on a foreign stock.
GRaFT'ER, 7?, One who inserts cions on foreign stocks, or
propagates fruit by ingrafting.
GRaFT'ING, ppr. Inserting cions on different stocks.
GRAIL, 71. [ L. graduate.] A book of ofl^ces in the Romish
church. Warton.
GRAIL, n. [Fr. grele.] Small particles of any kind.
GRAIN, 7i, [Fr, grain; L. granum.] 1. Any small hard
mass, 2, A single seed or hard seed of a plant, particularly
of those kinds whose seeds are used for food of man or
beast. 3. Grain, without a definitive, signifies corn in
general, as wheat, rye, barley, oats and maize, 4, A mi-
nute particle. 5. A small weight, or the smallest weight
ordinarily used, being the twentieth part of the scruple in
apothecaries' weight, and the twenty-fomth of a penny-
weight troy. 6. A component part of stones and metals.
7. The veins or fibres of wood or other fibrous substance.
8. The body oi substance of wood as modified by tlie fibres.
* See Synopsis. K, K. I, 5, U, Y, long.—FkR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :— f Obsolete.
GRA
.385
GRA
9. The body or substance of a thing, considered with re-
spect to the size, form or direction of the constituent parti-
cles. 10. Any thing proverbially small; a very small
particle or portion. 11. Dyed or stained substance. 12
The direction of the fibres of wood or other fibrous sub-
stance. 13. The heart or 'emper. 14. The form of the
surface of any thing, with respect to smoothness or rough-
ness ; state of the grit of any body composed of grains.
15, A tine, prong or spilte.— ^ grain of allowance, a small
allowance or indulgence. Watts. — To dye in grain, is to
dye in the raw material.
t GKAIN, V. i. To yield fruit Gower.
f GRAIN, or GRANE, for groan.
GRAINED, a. 1. Rough ; made less smooth. Shak. 2. Dyed
in^ grain; ingrained. Brown.
GRaIN'ER, 71. A lixivium obtained by infusing pigeon's
dung in water ; used by tanners. Ure,
GRAINING, n. 1. Indentation, 2. A fish.
GRAINS, n. [in the pluraLj The husks or remains of malt
after brewing, or of any grain after distillation. — Grains
of paradise, an Indian spice.
GRaIN'STAFF, n. A quarter-staff.
GRaIN'Y, a. Full of grains or corn ; full of kernels
GRAITH, V. t. To prepare. See Greith,
GRAITH, n. [Sax. germde.] Fm'niture ; equipage ; goods ;
riches.
GRAL'LI€, a. [L. gralla;.] Stilted ; an epithet given to an
order of fowls having long legs.
t GRAM, a. [Sax. gram.] Angry.
GRAM, n. [Fr. gramme ; Gr. ypa/i/za.] In the new system of
French weights, the unity of weights
t GRA-MER'CY, for Fr. grand-merci. It formerly was used
to express obligation. Spenser.
GRA-MIN'E-AL, ) a. [L. gramineus.] Grassy ; like or
GRA-MIN'E-OUS, \ pertaining to grass.
GRAM-I-NIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. gramen and voro.] Feeding
or subsisting on grass.
'iRx'iM'MAR, 71. [Fr. grammaire ; L. grammatica; Gr.
ypai/jjiaTiKT].'] 1. The art of speaking or writing a
language with propriety or correctness. 2. A system
of general principles and of particular rules for speaking
or writing a language. 3. Propriety of speech.
j- GRAM'MAR, v i. To discourse according to the rules of
grammar.
GRAM'MAR, a. Belonging to grammar.
GRAM'MAR-S€HOOL, n. A school in which the learned
languages are taught ; i. e Latin and Greek.
GR AM-Ma'RI-AN, n 1. One versed in grammar, or the con-
struction of languages ; a philologist. 2. One who teaches
grammar.
GRAM-MAT'I€, a. Pertaining to grammar. Milton.
GRAM-MAT'I-CAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Belonging to grammar.
2. According to the rules of grammar.
GRAM-MAT' I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the principles
and rules of grammar.
GRAM-MAT'I-€AS-TER, n. [L.] A low grammarian ; a
pretender to a knowledge of grammar ; a pedant.
GRAM-MAT'I-ClZE, u. t. To render grammatical. JoAtiao?!.
GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A pretender to a knowledge of gram-
mar. H. Tooke.
GRAM'xMA-TITE. See Tremolite.
GRAMTLE, n. A crab-fish.
GRAM'PUS, n. [Fr. grampoise.] A fish of the cetaceous
order, and genus delphimis.
GRAN-A-DIL'LA, K. [Sp.l A plant. Cyc.
GRA-NaDE', ) o,,r„„„ ^
GRA-Na'Do!1 ®^^^«=n^°e-
* GRAN'A-RY, n. [L. granarium.] A store house or reposi-
tory of grain after it is thrashed ; a corn-house.
GRAN'ATE, n. Usually written garnet, which see.
GRAN/A-TITE. See Grenatite.
GRAND, a. [Fr. grand ; Sp. and It. grande ; L. grandis.]
1. Great ; but mostly in a figurative sense ; illustrious ;
high in power or dignity. 2. Great ; splendid ; magnifi-
cent; as, a ^ra»id design. 3. Great; principal; chief. 4.
Noble ; sublime ; lofty ; conceived or expressed v/ith
great dignity. 5. Old ; more advanced.
GRAN'DAM, n. 1. Grandmother, 2. An old woman. Drij-
deii
GRAND'CHlLD, n. A son's or daughter's cliild.
GRAND'DAUGH-TER, n. The daughter of a son or daugh-
ter.
GRAN-DEE', n. [Sp. grande ] A nobleman ; a man of el-
evated rank or station.
GRAN-DEE'SHIP, n. The rank or estate of a grandee.
GRAND'EUR, n. [Fr.J 1. In a general sense, greatness ;
that quality or combmation of qualities in an object, which
elevates or expands the mind, and excites pleasurable
emotions in him who views or contemplates it. 2. Splen-
dor of appearance ; state ; magnificence. 3. Elevation of
thought, sentiment or expression. 4. Elevation of mien
or air and deportment.
r GRAN-DEV'I-TY, n. Great age
t GRvm-DK'VOUS, a. Of great age.
GRAND'FA-THER, n. A father's or mother's father.
t GRAN-DIF'I€, a. fL. grandis and facio.] Making great.
Diet
GRAN-DIL'O-aUENCE, n. Lofty speaking.
GRAN-DIL'O-aUOUS, a. [L. grandiloquus.] Speaking in
a lofty style
GRANDT-NOUS, a. [L. grando.] Consisting of hail.
t GRAND'I-TY, ?i. Greatness ; magnificence, Camden.
GRAND-Ju'ROR, n. One of a grand jury. In Connecticut, a
peace-officer.
GRAND-JU'RY, n. [grand and jwrj/.] A jury whose duty
is to examine into the grounds of accusation against of-
fenders, and, if they see just cause, then to find bills of
indictment against them to be presented to the court,
GRAND'LY, adv. In a lofty manner ; splendidly ; sublime-
ly.
GRAND'M6TH-ER, n. The mother of one's father or
mother.
GRAND'NESS, n. Grandeur ; greatness with beauty ; aag-
nificence. Wollaston.
GRAND SiRE, v. 1. A grandfather.— 2 In poetry and
rhetoric, any ancestor. Dryden.
GRAND'SoN, n. The son of a son or daughter.
GRANGE, (granj) w. \_Fx. grange.] A faim, with the build-
ings, stables, &c. Milton.
GRAN'I-LITE, n. Indeterminate granite.
GRAN'ITE, ) n. [Fr. granit.] In mineralogy, an aggregate
GRAN'IT, ) stone or rock, composed of crystaline
grains of quartz, feldspar and mica.
GRAN'I-TEL, n. A binary aggregate of minerals.
GRA-NIT'I-€AL, ) a. 1. Pertaining to granite ; like granite ;
GRA-NIT'I€, ] having the nature of granite. 2.
Consisting of granite.
GRAN'I-TIN, n. A granitic aggregate of three species of
minerals.
GRA-NIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. granum and voro.] Eating
grain ; feeding or subsisting on seeds.
GRAN'NAM, for grandam, a grandmother. [ Vulgar.]
GRANT, V. t. [Norm, granter.] 1. To admit as true what
is not proved ; to allow ; to yield ; to concede. 2. To give ;
to bestow or confer on without compensation, in answer
to request. 3. To transfer the title of a thing to another,
for a good or valuable consideration ; to convey by deed
or writing.
GRANT, n. 1. The act of granting ; a bestowing or confer-
ring. 2. The thing granted or bestowed ; a gift ; a boon. —
3. In law, a conveyance in writing, of such things as
cannot pass or be transferred by word only, as land, &c.
4. Concession ; admission of something as true. 5. The
thing conveyed by deed or patent.
GRANT'A-BLE, a. That may be granted or conveyed.
GRANT ED, pp. Admitted as true ; conceded ; yielded ;
bestowed ; conveyed.
GRANT-EE', n. The person to whom a conveyance is made.
GRANT'ING, ppr. Admitting ; conceding ; bestowing ; con
veying.
* GRANT'OR, n. The person who grants ; one who conveys
lands, rents, &;c.
GRAN'U-LAR, a. [from L. granum.] 1. Consisting of
grains. 2. Resembling grains.
GRAN'U-LA-RY, a. Small and compact ; resembling a small
grain or seed. Brown.
GRAN'U-LATE, •?;, t. [Fr. granuler.] 1. To form into
grains or small masses. 2. To raise into small asperities j
to make rough on the surface.
GRAN'U-LATE, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains.
GRtUV'U-LA-TED,;?;). 1. Formed into grains. 2. a. Con-
sisting of grains ; resembling grains.
GRAN'U-LA-TING, ppr. Forming into grains.
GRAN-U-La'TION, n. The act of forming into grains.
GRAN'ULE, V. [Sp. granillo, from L. granum.] A little
grain ; a small particle. ^
GRAN'U-LOUS, a. Full of grains ; abounding with granu-
lar substances.
GRAPE, n. [Fr. grappe de raisin.] 1. Properly, a cluster of
the fruit of the vine ; but with us, a single berry of the
vine ; the fruit from which wine is made, — 2. In the ma-
necre, grapes signifies mangy tumors on the legs of a horse
GRAPE'HY-A-CINTH, n. A plant or flower.
GRaPE'LESS, a. Wanting the strength and flavor of ths
grape. Jenyns.
GRAPE'SHOT, n. A cluster of small shot, confined in a
canvas bag, forming a kind of cylinder.
GRAPE'STONE, n. The stone or seed of the grape.
GRAPH'IC, ) a. [L. graphicus.] 1. Pertaining to the
GRAPH'I-CAL, ] art of writing or delineating. 2. Well
delineated. 3. Describing with accuracy.
GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. With good delineation ; in a pic-
turesque manner. Brown.
GRAPH ITE, n. [Gr, y^a^w.] Carburet of iron, a substance
used for pencils, and very improperly called black-lead.
GRAPH'0-LITE, ji. A species of slate proper for writing on.
GRA-PHOM'E-TER, 71, [Gr. yjja^w and |U£rpov.] A mathe-
matical instrument, called also a semicircle.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK. D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K
G as J • S as Z • OH as SH : TH as in this. ^ObsoletA.
GRA
386
GRA
GRAPII-0-MET'RI-eAL, a. Pertaining to or ascertained
by a graphometer.
GRAP'NEL, )n. [Fr. grappin.] 1. A small anchor fitted
GRAP'LING, \ with four or five flukes or claws, used
to hold boats or small vessels. 2. A grapling iron, used
to seize and hold one ship to another in engagements.
GRAP'PLE, V. t. [Goth, greipan.] 1. To seize ; to' lay fast
hold on, either with the hands or with hooks. 2. To
fasten ; to fix, as .the mind or heart j [iiot in lise.]
GRAP'PLE, V. i. To seize ; to contend in close fight, as
wrestlers. Miltnn. — To grapple loith, to contend with, to
struggle with successfully. Skak.
GRAP'PLE, 71. 1. A seizing ; close hug in contest ; the wres-
tler's hold. 2. Close fight. 3, A hook or iron instrument
by which one ship fastens on another.
GRAP'PLE-IMENT, n. A grappling ; close fight or embrace.
GRaP'Y, a. 1. Like grapes ; full of clusters of grapes, Ad-
dison. 2. Made of grapes. Gay.
GRASP, 1). i. [It. graspare.] 1. To seize and hold by clasp-
ing or embracing with the fingers or arms. 2. To catch ;
to seize ; to lay hold of; to take possession of.
GRASP, V. i. 1. To catch or seize; to gripe. 2. To strug-
gle ; to strive ; [obs.] 3. To encroach. Dryden. — To grasp
at, to catch at ; to try to seize,
GRASP, n 1. The gripe or seizure of the hand. 2. Pos-
session ; hold. 3. Reach of the arms ; and, figuratively,
the power of seizing.
GRASPED, pp. Seized with the hands or arms ; embraced ;
held; possessed.
GRaSP'ER, n. One who grasps or seizes ; one who catches
at ; one who holds.
GRASP'ING, ppr. Seizing ; embracing ; catching ; holding.
GRASS, 71. [Sax. grtBs, gers, or grrnd; Goth, gras ; G., D.
gras.~\ 1. In common lisage, hexhage ; the plants which
constitute the food of cattle and other beasts. — 2. In
botany, a plant having simple leaves, a stem generally
jointed and tubular, a husky calyx, called glume, and the
seed single. — Orass of Parnassus} a plant, the Parnassia.
GRASS, V. t. To cover witii grass or with turf.
GRASS, V. i. To breed grass ; to be covered with grass.
GRAS-Sa'TION, n [L. grassatio.] A wandering about.
[Little used.]
GRASS'GREEN, a. 1. Green with grass. Shenstone. 2. Dark-
green, like the color of grass.
GRASS'GRoWN, a. Overgrown with grass.
GRASS'HOP-PER, n. [grass and hop.] An animal that
lives among grass, a species of gryllus.
GRASS'I-NESS, n. [from grassy.] The state of abounding
with grass ; a grassy state.
GRASS'LESS, a. Destitute of grass.
GRASS'PLOT, 71. A level spot covered with grass.
GRASS'POL-Y, 71. A plant, a species of lyihrum.
GRASS'VETCH, n. A plant of the genus lathyrus.
GRASS'WRAGK, n. A plant, the zostera.
GRASS'Y, a. I. Covered with grass ; abounding with grass.
2. Resembling grass ; green.
GRATE, n. [It. grata.] 1. A work or frame, composed of
paralle-1 or cross bars, with interstices ; a kind of lattice-
work. 2. An instrument or frame of iron bars for holding
coals used as fuel.
GRATE, v.t. To furnish v.^ith grates ; to make fast with
cross bars.
GRATE, V. U [Fr, gratter.] L To rub, as a body with a
rough surface against another body ; to rub one thing
against another. 2. To wear away in small particles, by
rubbing with any thing rough or indented. 3. To offend ;
to fret ; to vex ; to irritate ; to moitifj'. 4. To make a
harsh sound, by rubbing or the friction of rough bodies.
GRATE, V. i. 1. To rub hard, so as to ofiend ; to oflend by
oppression or importunity. 2. To make a harsh sound by
the friction of rough bodies.
t GRATE, a. [L. irratus.] Agreeable.
,GRaT'ED,pP. 1. Rubbed harshly; worn ofi" by rubbing. 2.
Furnished with a grate.
GRaTE'FUL, a. [fxom.'L. grains. See Grace.] 1. Having
a due sense of benefits ; kindly disposed towards one from
whom a favor has been received ; willing to acknowledge
and repay benefits. 2. Agreeable ; pleasing ; acceptable ;
gratifying, 3. Pleasing to the taste : delicious; afibrding
' leasure,
aTE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With a due sense of benefits or
favore ; in a manner that disposes to kindness, in return
for favors. 2. In a pleasing manner.
GRaTE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being grateful ;
gratitude. 2. The quality of being agreeable or pleasant
to the mind or to the taste.
GRaT'ER, n. An instrument or utensil with a rough, indent-
ed surface, for rubbing ofi" small particles of a body.
GRAT-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. gratificatio.] I. The act of
pleasing, either the mind, the taste or the appetite. 2.
That which afft^rds pleasure ; satisfaction ; delight. 3.
Reward ]^ recompense.
GRAT'I-FiED, pp. Pleased ; indulged according to desire.
GRAT'I-Fl-ER, n. One who gratifies or pleases.
GRAT'I-F'S', v. t. [L. gratificor.] 1. To please ; to give
pleasure to ; to indulge. 2. To delight ; to please ; to hu-
mor ; to soothe ; to satisfy ; to indulge to satisfaction. 3.
To requite ; to recompense.
GRAT'I-Fy-ING, ppr. 1. Pleasing ; indulging to satisfaction.
2._a. Giving pleasure ; afibrding satisfaction,
GRaT'ING, ppr. 1, Rubbing ; wearing otF in particles. 2.
a._ Fretting; irritating; harsh.
GRaT'ING, ) n. A partition of bai-s ; an open cover for the
GRaT'INGS, \ hatches of a ship, resembling lattice-
work.
GRaT'ING-LY, adv. Harshly , oflensively ; in a manner to
irritate.
GRa'TIS, adv. [L.] For nothing ; freely ; without recom-
GRAT'I-TUDE, 71. [1,. gratitudo.] An emotion of the heart,
excited by a favor or benefit received ; a sentiment of kind-
ness or good will towards a benefactor ; thankfulness.
GRA-TU'I-TOUS, a. [L, gratuitus.] 1. Free ; voluntary ;
not requiied by justice ; granted without claim or merit.
2. Asserted or taken without proof.
GRA-TtJ'I-TOUS-LY, adv. 1. Freely ; voluntarily ; with-
out claim or merit ; without an equivalent or compensa-
tion. _2. Without proof,
GRA-TU'I-TY, 71. [Fr. gratuite.] 1. A free gifl; ; a present ;
a donation ; that which is given without a compensation
or equivalent. 2. Something given in return for a favor ;
an acknowledgment.
GRAT'LT-LATE, t;. f. [1.. gratulor.] 1. To express joy or
pleasure to a person, on account of his success, or the re-
ception of some good ; to salute with declarations of joy ;
to congratulate. 2. To wish oi' express joy to. 3. To de •
Clare joy for ; to mention with joy,
GRAT'U-LA-TED, pp. Addressed with expressions of joy.
GRAT'U-LA-TING, ppr. Addressing with expressions of
joy, on account of some good received.
GRAT-U-La'TION, 71. [L, gratulatio.] An address or ex-
pression of joy to a person, on account of some good re-
ceived by him ; congratulation.
GRAT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing gratulation ; congrat-
ulatory.
GRAVE, a final syllable, is a grove. Sax, grcsf; or it is an
officer, Ger. graf.
GRAVE, V. t. / pret. graved; pp. graven, or graved. [Fr.
graver; Sax. graf an.] 1. To carve or cut" letters or fig-
ures on stone or other hard substance, with a chisel or edg-
ed tool ; to engrave. 2. To carve ; to fonn or shape by
cutting with a chisel. 3. To clean a ship's bottom. 4.
To entomb. Shak.
GRAVE, v. i. To carve ; to write or delineate on hard sub-
stances ; to practice engraving.
GRAVE, n. [Sax. graf ; G. grab.] 1. The ditch, pit or ex-
cavated place, in which a dead human body is deposited ;
a place for the corpse of a human being ; a sepulchre, 2.
A tomb. 3, Any place where the dead are reposited ; a
place of great slaughter or mortality, — 4. Graves, in the
2)hiral, sediment ot tallow melted; [not in use, or local.]
GRaVE'-CLoTHES, n. The clothes or dress in which the
dead are interred.
GRAVE '-DIG-GER, n. One whose occupation is to dig
graves.
GRaVE'-Ma-KER, n. A grave-digger. Shak.
GRAVE'- STONE, ??,. A stone laid over a grave, or erected
near it, as a monument.
GRAVE, a. [Fr., Sp., It. grave.] J. In music, low; de-
pressed ; solemn ; opposed to sharp, acute, or high. 2.
Solemn ; sober ; serious ; opposed to gay, light or jovial.
3. Plain ; not gay ; not showy or tawdry. 4. Being of
weight ; of a serious character. 5. Important ; momen-
tous. Ld. Eldon.
GRAVED, ^p. Carved; engraved; cleaned, as a ship.
GRAVEL, n. [Fr. gravelle.] 1. Small stones or fragments
of stone, or very small pebbles, larger than the particles of
sand, but often intermixed with them. — 2. In medicine,
small calculous concretions in the kidneys and bladder.
GRAVEL, v.t. 1. To cover with gravel. 2. To stick in
the sand. 3. To puzzle ; to stop ; to embarrass. 4. To
hurt the foot of a horse, by gravel lodged under the shoe.
GRAVELED, pp. Covered with gravel ; stopped ; embar-
rassed ; injured by gravel .
GRaVE'LESS, a. Without a grave ; unburied.
GRAVBL-LY, a. Abounding with gravel ; consisting of
gravel
GRAVEL- WALK, n. A walk or alley covered with gravel,
wjiich makes a hard and dry bottom.
GRaVE'LY, adv. 1. Li a grave, solemn manner; soberly;
sejiously. 2. Without gaudiness or show.
GRaVE'NESS, n. Seriousness ; solemnity ; sobriety of be^
havior ; gravity of manners or discourse.
GRaVER, 71. 1. One who carves or engraves ; a sculptor.
2. An engraving tool ; an instrument for graving.
GRAVID, a. [L. gravidus.] Pregnant; being with child
t GRAVI-DA-TED, a. Made pregnant ; big. Barrow.
fGRAV-I-DA'TION, 71. Pregnancy. Pearson.
Sec- Synopsis A E I, O tJ. ^ l^g.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN. MARXNE, BIRD ;
t Obsolete
GRE
387
GRE
GRA-VID'I-TY, n. Pregnancy. Arbnthnot.
GRAVING, ^;jr. Engraving; carving; cutting figures on
stone, copper, or other hard substance.
GRAVING, 71. 1. Carved work. 2. Impression.
GRAVI-TATE, v. i. [Fr. graviter.] To tend to the centre
of a body, or the central point of attraction.
GRAVI-TATING, ppr. Tending to the centre of a body or
system of bodies.
GRAV-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of tending to the centre.
2. The force by which bodies are pressed or drawn, or by
wliich they tend towards the centre of the earth or other
centre, or the effect of that force.
GRAVI-TY, 71. [Yv. gravite.} 1. Weight • heaviness.— 2. In
philosophy, that force by which bodies tend or are drawn
towards the centre of the earth.— 3. Specific gravity, the
weight belonging to an equal bulk of every different sub-
stance. 4. Seriousness; sobriety of manners ; solemnity
of deportment or character. 5. Weight ; enormity ; atro-
ciousness ; [not used.] — 6. In music, lowness of sound.
GRa'VY, 11. The fat and other liquid matter that drips from
flesh in roasting, or when roasted or baked.
GRaY, a. [Sax. ^rig, grcEg ; G. grau.] 1. Wliite, with a
mixture of black. 2. White ; hoary. 3. Dark ; of a
mixed color; of the color of ashes. 4. Old; mature.
GRAY, n. 1. A gray color. Farnel. 2. A badger.
GRAY'-BEARD, n. An old man. Shak.
GRaY'-Ey£D, a. Having gray eyes.
GRaY'FLY, n. The trumpet-fly. Milton.
GRAY'-HAIRED, a Having gray hair.
GRaY'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a gray head or gray hair.
GRAY'-HOUND, n. [Sax. grighund.] A tall, fleet dog, used
inthe chase.
GRaY'ISH, a. Somewhat gray ; gray in a moderate degree.
GRaY'LING, 71. A fish of tlie genus salma.
GRAY'NESS, n. The quality of being gray. Sherwood.
GRAY'WACKE, ii. [G. grauwacke.] A species of rock.
GRAZE, V. t. [Sax. grasian ; G. grasen.] 1. To rub or
touch lightly in passing ; to brush lightly the surface of
a thing in passing. 2. To feed or supply cattle with grass ;
to furnish pasture for. 3. To feed on ; to eat from the
ground, as growing herbage. 4. To tend grazing cattle.
GRAZE, t!. i. 1 To eat grass ; to feed on growing herbage.
2. To supply grass. 3. To move on devouring.
GRAZED, pp. 1. Touched lightly by a passing body ; brush-
ed. 2. Fed by growing grass. 3. Eaten, as growing
herbage.
GRaZ'ER, n. One that grazes or feeds on growing herbage.
GRa'ZIER, (gra'zhur) ji. One who feeds cattle with grass,
or_ supplies them with pasture. Bacon.
GRaZ'ING, ppr. 1. Touching lightly. 2. Feeding on grow-
ing herbage. 3. a. Supplying pasture.
GReASE, 71. [Fr. graisse.] 1. Animal fat in a soft state ;
oily or unctuous matter of any kind, as tallow, lard. 2. A
swelling and gourdiness of a horse's legs.
GREilSE, (greez) v. t. 1. To smear, anoint or daub with
grease or fat. 2. To bribe; to corrupt with preseiits.
Dryden.
GREASED, pp. Smeared with oily matter ; bribed.
GReAS'I-LY, adv. With grease or an appearance of it ;
grossly.
GReAS'I-NESS, n. The state of being greasy ; oiliness ;
unctuousness. Boyle.
GReAS'ING, ppr. Smearing with fat or oily matter ; bribing.
GREASY, (greez'y) a. ]. Oily; fat; unctuous. 2. Smear-
ed or defiled with grease. 3. Like grease or oil ; smooth.
4. Fat of body; bulky. 5. Gross ; Indelicate ; indecent.
GREAT, a. [Sax. great ; D. groot ; G. gross.l 1. Large in
bulk or dimensions. 2. Being of extended length or
breadth. 3. Large in number. 4. Expressing a large,
extensive or unusual degree of any thing. 5. Long-con-
tinued. 6. Important ; weighty. 7. Chief ; principal. 8.
Chief; of vast power and excellence ; supreme ; illustri-
ous. 9. Vast ; extensive ; wonderful ; admirable. 10.
Possessing large or strong powers of mind 11. Having
made extensive or unusual acquisitions of science or
knowledge. 12. Distinguished by rank, oflice or power ;
elevated ; eminent. 13. Dignified in aspect, mien or
manner. 14. Magnanimous ; generous ; of elevated sen-
timents ; high-minded. 15. Rich ; sumptuous ; magnifi-
cent. 16. Vast ; sublime. 17. Dignified ; noble. 18.
Swelling; proud. 19. Chief ; princfpal ; much traveled.
20. Pregnant; teeming. 21. Hard ; difficult. 22. Famil-
iar ; intimate ; [imlgar.] 23. Distinguished by extraordi-
nary events, or unusual importance. 24. Denoting a de-
gree of consanguinity, in the ascending or descending line ;
as, ^reat grandfather. 25. Superior; preeminent.
GREAT, 71. 1. The whole; the gross; the lump or mass.
2. People of rank or distinction.
GREAT'-BEL-LIED, a. Pregnant ; teeming. Shak.
t GREAT'EN, v. t. To enlarge. Raleigh.
{gREaT'EN, v.i. To increase; to become large. South.
GREaT-HEaRT'ED, a. High spirited ; undejected.
GREaT'LY, tt<f«. 1. In a great degree ; much. 2. Nobly;
illustriously. 3. Magnanimously ; generously ; bravely.
GREaT'NESS, n 1. Largeness of bulk, dimensions num-
ber or quantity. 2. Large amount ; extent. 3. High de-
gree. 4. High rank or place ; elevation ; dignity ; distinc-
tion ; eminence ; power ; command. 5. Swelling pride ;
affected state. 6. Magnanimity ; elevation of sentiment ;
nobleness. 7. Strength or extent of intellectual faculties.
8. Large extent or variety. 9. Grandeur ; pomp ; magni-
ficence. 10. Force ; intensity.
GE,EAVE, for ^ro7;e and groove. Spenser. See Grove and
Groove.
GReAVES, (greevz) n. plu. [Port., Sp. grevas.] Armor for
the legs ; a sort of boots.
GREBE, n. A fowl of the genus colymbus.
GRE'CIAN, a. Pertaining to Greece.
GRe'CIAN, 71. 1. A nat^e of Greece. Also, a Jew, who
understood Greek. 2. One well versed in the Greek lan-
guage.
GR£'CIAN-FIRE, n. [Fx.feu Qreceois.] Wild fire ; such as
will burn within water.
GRE'CIAN-IZE, v. i. [Fr. Grecanizer.] To play the Gre-
cian ; to speak Greek.
GRe'CISM, n. [L. Orcecismus .] An idiom of the Greek
language. Addison.
GRe'CiZE, v.t. 1. To render Grecian. 2. To translate
into Greek.
GRe'CiZE, v. 7. To speak the Greek language.
jGREE, n. [Fr. ^re.l 1. Good will. Spenser. 2. Step,
rank; degree. [See Degree.] Spenser.
jGREE, w. i. To agree. See Agree.
[GREECE, 71. [W. gr&z.] A flight of Steps.
t GREED, 71. Greediness. Graham.
GREED 'I-LY, adv. 1. With a keen appetite for food or
drink ; voraciously ; ravenously, 2. With keen or ardent
desire ; eagei-ly.
GREED'I-NESS, n. 1. Keenness of appetite for food or
drink ; ravenousness ; voracity. 2. Ardent desire.
GREED'Y, a. [Sax. grmdig.] 1. Having a keen appetit<>
for food or drink ; ravenous ; voracious ; very hungry. 2
Having a keen desire of any thing ; eager to obtain.
GREED' Y-GUT, 71. A glutton; a devourer ; a belly-god.
Cot^rave.
GREEK, a. Pertaining to Greece.
GREEK, n. 1. A native of Greece. 2. The language of
Greece. — Oreek-fire, a combustible composition, the con-
stituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with nitre
and sulphur.
GREEK'ISH, a. Peculiar to Greece. Milton.
GREEK'LING, n. An inferior Greek writer.
GREEK'ROSE, n.. The flower campion.
GREEN, a. [Sax. o-reTJC.] 1. Being of the color of herbage
and plants when growing, a color composed of blue and
yellow rays ; verdant. 2. New ; fresh ; recent. 3. Fresh ;
flourishing ; undecayed. 4. Containing its natural juices ;
not dry ; not seasoned. 5. Not roasted ; half raw. 6. Un-
ripe ; immature ; not arrived to perfection. 7. Irt.mature in
age; young. 8. Pale; sickly; wan; of a greenish pale
color.
GREEN, 7?. 1. The color of growing plants ; a color com-
posed of blue and yellow rays, which, mixed in different
proportions, exhibit a variety of shades. 2. A grassy
plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant
herbage. 3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other
plants ; wreaths. 4. The leaves and stems of young
plants used in cookery or dressed for food in the spring ;
in the plural. JVew England.
GREEN, V. t. To make green. Thomson.
GREEN'BROOM, or GREEN'WEED, n. A plant of the
genus genista.
GREEN'CLOTH, n. A board or court of justice held in the
counting-house of the British king's household, having cog-
nizance of all matters of justice in the king's household.
GREEN'-CoL-ORED, a. Pale ; sickly. Tourneur.
GREEN'-€ROP, n. A crop of green vegetables, such as ar-
tificial grasses, turneps, &;c.
GREEN'-EARTH, n. A species of earth or mineral, so
called • the mountain green of artists. Ure.
GREEN'-EYED, a. Having green eyes. Shak.
GREEN'FINCH, n. A bird of the gerwm fHngilla
GREEN'FISH, n. A fish so called. Ainsworth.
GREEN'GAGE, 7?.. A species of plum.
GREEN'GRO-CER, 71. A retailer of greens.
GREEN'H AIRED, a. Having green locks or hair.
GREEN'HOOD, 71. A state of greenness. Chaucer.
GREEN'HORN, n. A raw youth.
GREEN'-HOUSE, n. A house in which tender plants are
sheltered from the weather, and preserved green during
the winter or cold weather.
GREEN'ISH, a. Somewhat green ; having a tinge of green.
J^ewton.
GREEN'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being greenish.
GREEN'LY, adv. With a green color; newly ; freshly ; im-
maturely.
GREEN'LY, a. Of a green color. Qascoigne.
GREEN'NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being green ; viridity
♦ See Synor >i» MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete
GRl
388
GRI
2. Immaturity ; unripeness. 3. Freshness ; vigor. 4.
Newness.
GREEN'-ROOM, n. A room, near the stage, to which actors
retire, during the intervals of their parts in the play.
GREEN'-SI€K-NESS, n. The chlorosis, a disease of maids,
so called from the color it occasions in the face.
GREEN-SI€K-NESSED, a. Having a sickly taste. Bp.
Rundle.
GREEN'-STALL, n. A stall on which greens are exposed
GREEN'STONE, n. A rock of the trap formation.
GREEN'-SWARD, n. Turf green with grass.
GREEN WEED, n. Dyer's weed.
GREEN'WOOD, n. Wood when green, as in summer.
GREEN' w66d, a. Pertaining to a green wood.
GREET, v.'t' [Sax. gretan, grettan.] 1. To address with
expressions of kind wishes ; to salute in kindness and
respect. 2. To address at meeting ; to address in any
manner. 3. To congratulate. 4. To pay compliments at
a distance ; to send kind wishes to. 5. To meet and ad-
dress with kindness ; or to express kind wishes, accompa-
nied with an embrace. 6. To meet.
GREET, V. i. 1. To meet and salute. 2. To weep ; written
by Spenser ^eit ; [obs.]
GREET'ED, pp. Addressed with kind wishes; compli-
mented.
GREET'ER, n. One who greets.
GREET'ING, ppr. Addressing with kind wishes or expres-
sions of joy 3 complimenting ; congratulating ; saluting.
GREET'ING, n. Expression of kindness or joy ; salutation
at meeting ; compliment addressed from one absent.
fGREEZE, n. [L. gresstis.] A step, or flight of steps. See
Greece.
GREF'FIER, n. [Fr.] A registrar, or recorder.
GRe'GAL, a. [L. grex.] Pertaining to a flock.
GRE-Ga'RI-AN, a. Belonging to a herd.
GRE-Ga'RI-OUS, a. [L. gregarius.] Having the habit of
assembling or living m a flock or herd ; not habitually sol-
itary or living alone.
GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a flock or herd ; in a company.
GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of living in
ilocksor herds.
GRE-Go'RI-AN, a. Denoting what belongs to Gregory.
— The Oregorian calendar is one which shows the new
and full moon, with the time of Easter, and the movable
feasts depending thereon, by means of epacts. — The Gre-
gorian year is the present year, as reformed by Pope Greg-
ory XIII, in 1582 ; consisting of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 min-
utes, 47 seconds, with an additional day every fourth year.
fGREIT, V. i. [Goth, greitan.] To lament. Spenser.
■f GREITH, 2j. i. [Sax. gercedian.] To make ready.
f GREITH, n. Goods ; furniture. Chaucer.
GRe'MI-AL, a. [L. gremium.] Belonging to the lap or
bosom. Diet.
GRE-NaDE', n. [Sp. granada ; Fr. grenade.] In the art of
war, a hollow ball or shell of iron or other metal, about
two inches and a half in diameter, to be filled vs^ith pow-
der, which is to be fired by means of a fusee, and thrown
bv hand arnong enemies.
GREN-A-DIeR', n. [from Fr. grenade.] 1. A foot soldier,
wearing a high cap. 2. A fowl found in Angola, in Africa.
GREN'A-TITE, n. Staurotide or staurolite, a mineral.
GREW, pret. of grow.
GREY. See Gray.
GREY'HOUND, n. [Sax. grighund.] A tall, fleet dog, kept
for the chase.
GRICE, n. A little pig.
GRID'DLE, n. [W. greidell.] A pan, broad and shallow,
for baking cakes.
GRIDE, V. t. [It. gridare.] To grate, or to cut with a grat-
ing sound ; to cut ; to penetrate or pierce harshly.
GPiID'E-LIN, n. [Fr. gris de lin.] A color mixed of white
and red, or a gray violet,
GRID'iR-ON, (grid'i-urn) n. [W. grediaic] A grated uten-
sil Jbr broiling flesh and fish over coals.
GRIEF, n. [D. grief; Fr. grief.] 1. The pain of mind pro-
duced by loss, misfortune, injury or evils of any kind ;
sorrow ; regret. 2. The pain of mind occasioned by our
own misconduct ; sorrow or regret that we have done
A^rong ; pain accompanying repentance. 3. Cause of
sorrow ; that which afilicts.
GRIeF'FUL, a. Full of grief or sorrow. Sackville.
GRIeF'LESS, a. Sorrowless ; without grief. Huloet.
GRIeF'SHOT, a. Pierced with grief. Shak.
t GRJeV-A-BLE, a. Lamentable. Oower.
GRIEVANCE, n. That which causes grief or uneasiness ;
that which burdens, oppresses or injures, implying a sense
of wrong done.
GRIeVE, v. t. [D. grieven.] 1. To give pain of mind to ;
to afflict 5 to wound the feelings. 2. To afflict ; to inflict
pain on. 3. To make sorrowful ; to excite regret in. 4.
To_oflend ; to displease ; to provoke.
GRIeVE, v. i. To feel pain of mind or heart ; to be in pain
on account of an evil ; to sorrow ; to mourn.
GRIfVED, pp. Pained ; afflicted ; suffering sorrow
GRIeV'ER, n. He or that which grieves.
GRIEVING, ppr. 1. Giving pain; afflicting. 2. Sorrow-
ing ; exercised with grief; mourning.
GRIeVING-LY, adv. In sorrow ; sorrowfully.
GRIEVOUS, a. 1. Heavy ; oppressive ; burdensome. 2.
Afflictive ; painful ; hard to be borne. 3. Causing grief or
sorrow. 4. Distressing. 5. Great; atrocious, 6. Ex-
pressing great uneasiness. 7. Provoking ; offensive ;
tending to irritate, 8, Hurtful ; destructive ; causing
mischief.
GRIeVOUS-LY, adv. 1. With pain ; painfully ; with great
pain or distress. 2. With discontent, ill will or grief.
3. Calamitously ; miserably ; greatly ; with great uneasi-
ness, distress or grief. 4. Atrociously.
GRIeVOUS-NESS, 71. 1. Oppressiveness; weight that
gives pain or distress. 2, Pain; affliction; calamity; dis-
tress. 3. Greatness ; enormity ; atrociousness.
GRIF'FON, 71, [Fr. griffon.] In the natural history of the
ancients, an imaginary animal said to be generated be-
tween the lion and eagle. It is represented with four
legs, wings and a beak, the upper part resembling an
eagle, and the lower part a lion.
GRIF'FON-LIKE, a. Resembling a griffon.
GRIG, 71. 1. A small eel ; the sand eel. 2, A merry crea-
ture, 3, Health; [obs.]
t GRILL, v.t. [Fi. griller.] To broil,
t GRILL, a. Shaking with cold. Chaucer.
GRIL-LaDE', n. Any thing broiled on the gridiron.
t GRIL'LY, V. t. To harass, Hudibras.
GRIM, a. [Sax. g9-ivi.] 1. Fierce : ferocious ; impressing
terror ; frightful ; horrible. 2. Ugly ; ill-looking. 3
Sour ; crabbed ; peevish ; surly. ^
GRIM'-FaCED, a. Having a stern countenance.
GRIM'-GRIN-NING, a. Grinning with a fierce counte-
nance. Shak.
GRIM'-VIS-AGED, a. Grim-faced.
GRI-MaCE', 71. [Fr,] 1. A distortion of the countenance,
from habit, affectation or insolence. 2. An air of affecta-
tion.
GRI-Ma'CED, (gre-maste') a. Distorted ; having a crabbed
look.
GRI-MAL'KIN, n. The name of an old cat.
GRIME, 71. [Ice. gryma.] Foul matter ; dirt ; sullying
blackness, deeply insinuated,
GRIME, V. t. To sully or soil deeply ; to dirt, Shak.
GRIM'LY, a. Having a hideous or stern look. Beaumont.
GRIM'LY, adv. 1. Fiercely ; ferociously ; with a look of
fuiy or ferocity. 2. Sourly ; sullenly,
GRIM'NESS, 71, Fierceness of look ; sternness; crabbedness.
GRi'MY, a. Full of grime ; foul.
GRIN, V. i. [Sax. giinnian.] 1. To set the teeth together
and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the
lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter or
scorn. 2. To fix the teeth, as in anguish,
GRIN, 71, The act of closing the teeth and showing them,
or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth.
t GRIN, n. A snare or trap.
GRIN, V. t. To express by grinning. Milton.
GRiND, V. t. ; pret, and pp, ground. [Sax, grindan.] 1. To
break and reduce to fine particles or powder by friction ;
to comminute by attrition ; to triturate, 2, To break and
reduce to small pieces by the teeth. 3. To sharpen by
rubbing or friction ; to wear off the substance of a me-
tallic instrument, and reduce it to a sharp edge by the
friction of a stone, 4. To make smooth ; to polish by
friction, 5. To rub one against another. 6. To oppress
by severe exactions ; to afflict cruelly ; to harass, 7. To
crush in pieces ; to ruin. 8. To grate.
GRIND, v.i. 1. To perform the operation of grinding ; to
move a mill. 2. To be moved or rubbed together, as in
the operation of grinding, 3. To be ground or pulverized
by friction. 4. To be polished and made smooth by fric-
tion. 5, To be sharpened by grinding,
GRiND'ER, n. 1. One that grinds, or moves a mill. 2. The
instrmnent of grinding, 3, A tooth that grinds or chews
food ; a double tooth ; a jaw tooth, 4.The teeth in general.
GRiND'ING, ppr, 1. Reducing to powder by friction ;
triturating ; levigating ; chewing. 2. Making sharp ;
making smooth or polishing by friction.
GRIN'DLE-STONE. The same as grindstone.
* GRiND-STONE, n. A sandstone used for grinding or
sharpening tools.
GRIN'NER, n. One that grins. Addison.
GRIN'NING, ppr. Closing the teeth and showing them, as
in laughter ; showing of the teeth.
GRIN'NING-LY, adv. With a grinning laugh.
t GRIP, n. The griffon. Sufc.
GRIP, 71, [Dan. greb.] A grasp ; a holding fast.
GRIP, 71. [D. groep.] A small ditch or furrow.
t GRIP, V. t. To trench ; to drain.
GRIPE, v.t. [Sax. grip an ; Goth, greipan.] 1, To seize,
to grasp ; to catch with the hand, and to clasp closely
with the fingers. 2, To hold fast ; to hold yvith the firi-
Ser Synopsis. A, E, I, O tj, ^, long.— F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY •,— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete.
GRO
389
GRO
gers closely pressed. 3. To seize and hold fast in the
arms ; to embrace closely. 4. To close the fingers ; to
clutch. Pope. 5. To pinch ; to press ; to compress. 6.
To give pain to the bowels. 7. To pinch ; to straiten j to
distress.
GRIPE, V. i. 1. To seize or catch by pinching; to get
money by hard bargains or mean exactions. 2. To feel
the colic. 3. To lie too clese to the wind, as a ship.
fJRIPE, n. 1. Grasp ; seizure ; fast hold with the hand or
paw, or with the arms. 2. Squeeze; pressure. 3. Op-
pression; cruel exactions. 4. Affliction; pinching dis-
tress ; as, the gripe of poverty. — 5. In seamen^s language,
the fore-foot or piece of timber which terminates the keel
at the fore-end. — 6. Gripes, in the plural, distress of the
bowels ; colic. — 7. Chipes, in seamen^s language, an as-
semblage of ropes, dead-eyes and hooks, fastened to ring-
bolts in the deck to secure the boats.
GRiP'ER, n. One who gripes ; an oppressor ; an extortioner.
GRiP'ING, ppr. Grasping ; seizing ; holding fast ; pinch-
ing ; oppressing ; distressing the bowels.
GRiP'ING, n. 1. A pinching or grasp; a distressing pain
of the bowels ; colic. — 2. In seamen's language, the in-
clination of a ship to run to the windward of her course.
GRiFING-LY, adv. With a pain in the bowels.
t GRIP'PLE, a. 1. Griping ; greedy ; covetous ; unfeeling.
Spenser. 2. Grasping fast ; tenacious. Spenser.
t GRIP'PLE-NESS, n. Covetousness. Up. Hall.
t GRIS, n. [Fr. gris.] A kind of fur. Chaucer.
t GRIS'AM-BER, used by JlJilton for ambergris.
t GRISE, n. 1. A step, or scale of steps, [h.gressus. See
Greece.] Shak. 2. A swine.
t GRI-SETTE', (gre-zef) n. [Fr.] A tradesman's wife or
daughter. Sterne.
tGRIS'KIN, n. The spine of a hog.
GRIS'LY, a. [Sax. grislic] Frightful; horrible; terrible.
Dryden
GRi'SONg (gre'sunz) n. Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss
Alps.
GRIST, n. [Sax. grist.] 1. Cojrn for giinding, or that which
is ground at one time ; as much grain as is carried to the
mill at one time, or the meal it produces. 2. Supply;
provision. 3. Profit ; gain ; as in the phrase, it brings grist
to the mill.
GRIS'TLE, (gris'l) 71. [Sax. gristle.] A cartilage; a smooth,
solid, elastic substance in animal bodies.
GRIST'LY, (gris'ly) a. Consisting of gristle ; like gristle ;
cartilaginous. Ray.
GRIST'MILL, n. A mill for grinding grain.
GRIT, n. [Sax. great, or gryt, grytta.] I. The coarse part
of meal. 2. Oats hulled, or coarsely ground ; written, also,
groats. 3. Sand or gravel ; rough, hard particles. 4. Sand-
stone ; stone composed of particles of sand agglutinated.
t GRITH, n. Agreement. Chaucer.
GRIT'STONE. See Grit.
GRIT'TI-NESS, n. The quality of containing grit or con-
sisting of ^t, sand, or small, hard, rough particles of
stone.
GRIT'TY, a. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit;
full of hard particles ; sandy.
GRIZ'E-LIN. SeeGRiDELiN.
GRIZ'ZLE, n. [Fr., Sp., FoTt. gris.] Gray; a gray color;
a mixture of white and black. Shak.
GRIZ'ZLED, a. Gray; of a mixed color.
GRIZ'ZLY, a. Somewhat gray. Bacon.
GRoAN, V. i. [Sax. granian, grunan.] 1. To breathe with
a deep murmuring sound ; to utter a mournful voice, as
in pain or sorrow. 2. To sigh ; to be oppressed or afflict-
ed ; or to complain of oppression.
GRoAN, n. 1. A deep, mournful sound, uttered in pain,
sorrow or anguish. 2. Any low, rumbling sound.
GRoAN'FUL, a. Sad ; inducing groans. Spenser.
GRoAN'ING, ppr. Uttering a low, mournful sound.
GRoAN'ING, 71. I. The act of groaning; lamentation;
complaint ; a deep sound uttered in pain or sorrow. — 2.
In huntino-, the cry or noise of the buck.
GROAT, (g;rawt) n. [D. groot ; G. grot.] 1. An English
money of account, equal to four pence 2, A proverbial
name for a small sum.
GROATS, (grawts) n. Oats that have the hulls taken ofl:".
GROATS'-WoRTH, n. Th€ value of a groat.
GRo'CER, 71. A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices,
coffee, liquors, fruits, &c.
GRo'CER-Y, 71. 1. A grocer's store ; [local.] 2. The com-
modities sold by grocers ; usually in the plural.
GROES, 71. plu. Graves. JVorth of England.
GROG, n. A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened.
GROG'-BLOS-SOM, n. A rum bud ; a redness on the nose
or face of men who drink ardent spirits to excess.
GROG'DRINK-ER, n. One addicted to drinking grog.
GROG'GY, a. 1. A groggy horse is one that bears wholly
on his heels in trotting. Cyc. — 2. In vulgar language,
tipsy ; intoxicated.
GROG'RAM, ) n. [It. grossagrana.] A kind of stuflT made
GROG RAN, i ofsilk and mohair.
GROIN, 71. [Ice. and Goth, g-rcm. J 1. The depressed part
of the human body between the belly and the thigh.— 2
Among builders, the angular curve made by the intersec-
tion of two semi-cylinders or arches.— 3. [Fr. groin ; Gt.
piv.] The snout or nose of a swine*
t GROIN, ?'. i. To groan. Chaucer.
GROM'WELL, or GROM'IL, n. A plant of the genus
lithospermum. The German gromwell is the stellera.
GROM'ET, ) 71. [Ai-m. gromm.] Among seamen, a ring
GROM'MET, S foi-med of a strand of rope laid in three
times round ; used to fasten the upper edge of a sail to its
stay.
GROOM, n. [qu. Flemish or Old D. grom ] 1. A boy or
young nian ; a waiter ; a servant. 2. A man or boy who
has the charge of horses ; one who takes care of horses or
the stable.— 3. In England, an officer of the king's house-
hold.
GROOM, or GOOM, n. [Sax. and Goth, guma, a man ] A
man recently marric.\ or one who is attending his pro
posed spouse in order to be married ; used in composition,
as in bridegroom, which see.
GROOVE, (groov) 71. [Ice. groof] 1. A furrow, channel,
or long hollow cut by a tool. — 2. Among miners, a shaft
or pit sunk into the earth.
GROOVE, V. t. [Sw. grhpa.] To cut a channel with an
edged tool ; to furrow.
GROOVER, n. A miner. [Local.]
GROOVING, ppr. Cutting in channels.
GROPE, V. i. [Sax, gropian, grapian.] 1. To feel along ; to
search or attempt to find in the dark, or as a blind person,
by feeling. 2. To seek blindly in intellectual darkness,
without a certain guide or means of knowledge.
GROPE, V. t. To search by feeling in the dark.
GRoP'ER, 71. One who gropes ; one who feels his way in
th_e dark, or searches by feeling.
GRoP'ING, ppr. Feeling for something in darkness ; search-
ing by feelmg.
GROSS, a. [Fr. gros ; It., Port, grosso.] 1. Thick ; bulky ;
particularly applied to animals ; fat ; corpulent. 2. Coarse ;
rude; rough; not delicate. 3. Coarse, in a figurative
sense ; rough ; mean ; particularly, vulgar ; obscene ; in-
delicate. 4. Thick; large; opposed to ^tjc. 5. Impure;
unrefined. 6. Great ; palpable. 7. Coarse ; large ; not
delicate. 8. Thick ; dense ; not attenuated ; not refined
or pure. 9. Unseemly ; enormous ; shameful ; great
10. Stupid; dull. 11. Whole; entire.
GROSS, 7?. 1. The main body ; the chief part ; the bulk ;
the mass. 2. The number of twelve dozen ; twelve times
twelve. — In the gross, in gross, in the bulk, or the whole
undivided ; all parts taken together. — By the gross, in a
like sense.
GRoSS'BkAK, n. A fowl of.the genus loxia.
GRf2SS'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a thick skull ; stupid.
GRoSS'LY, adv. 1. In bulky or large parts ; coarsely. 2.
Greatly; palpably; enormously. 3. Greatly; shame-
fully. 4. Coarsely; without refinement or delicafey. 5.
Without art or skill.
GRcSS'NESS, 71. 1. Thickness; bulkiness; corpulence;
fatness. 2. Thickness; spissitude; density. 3. Coarse-
ness ; rudeness ; want of refinement or delicacy ; vulgar
ity. 4. Greatness ; enormity.
GROSS'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to a gooseberry.
GROSS'U-LAR, n. A rare mineral of the garnet kind, so
named from its green color.
GROT, or GROT'TO, n. [Fr. grotte ; It. grotta.] 1. A
large cave or den ; a subterraneous cavern ; a natural
cav,e or rent in the earth, Dryden. 2. A cave for coolness
and refreshment,
t GROT'TA. [It,] For grotto. Not used in English.
GRO-TESQ,UE', ) a. [Fr. grotesque ; Sp., Port, gruiesco.]
GRO-TESK', \ Wildly formed ; whimsical ; extrava-
gant ; of iii-egular forms and proportions ; ludicrous
antic,
GRO-TESaUE', 71. Whimsical figures or scenery.
GRO-TESaUE'LY, adv. In a fantastical manner.
GROUND, n. [Sax., G,, Dan., Sw. grund.] 1. The sur-
face of land or upper part of the earth, without reference
to the materials which compose it. 2. Region"; territory.
3. Land; estate; possession. 4. The surface of the earth,
or a floor or pavement. 5. Foundation ; that which sup-
ports any thing. 6. Fundamental cause ; primary reason
or original principle. 7. First principles. — 8. In painting,
the surface on which a figure or object is represented. —
9 In manufactures, the principal color, to which others
are considered as ornamental. — 10, Grounds, plural, the
bottom of liquors ; dregs ; lees ; feces ; as, coffee grounds.
11, The plain song ; the tune on which descants are
raised. — 12. In etching, a gummous composition spread
over the surface of the metal to be etched. 13. Field or
place of action.— 14. In music, the name given to a com
position in which the base, consisting of a few bars of in-
dependent notes, is continually repeated to a continually
varying melody. 15. The foil to set a thing oflf; [obs.]
16. Formerly, the pit of a play-house. B. Jonson.—To
* Sea Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as .1 ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thif. f Ohsolef.
GRO
390
GRU
gain ground. 1. To advance ; to proceed forward in con-
flict. 2. To gain credit 3 to prevail. — To lose ground. 1.
To retire ; to retreat. 2. To lose credit ; to decline. — To
give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. — To get
ground, and to gather ground, are seldom used.
GROUND, v.t. 1, To lay or set on the ground. 2. To
found ; to fix or set, as on a foundation, cause, reason or
principle. 3. To settle in first principles ; to fix firmly.
GROUND, V. i. To run aground ; to strike the bottom and
remain fixed.
■ GROUND, fret, and fp. of grind.
GROUND' A6E. n. A tax paid by a ship for standing in
port.
GROUND'-ANG-LING, n. Fishing without a float, with a
bullet placed a few inches from the hook.
GROUND'-ASH, n. A sapling of ash ; a young shoot from
the stump of an ash. Mortimer.
GROUND'-BaIT, n. Bait for fish which sinks to the bottom
of the water. Walton.
GROUND'ED-LY, adv Upon firm principles.
GROUND'-FLoOR, ?i..The first or lower floor of a house.
But the English call the second floor from the ground the
first floor.
GROUND'-I-VY, n. A well-known plant.
GROUND'LESS, a. 1. Wanting ground or foundation ;
wanting cause or reason for support. 2. Not authorized ;
false.
GROUND'LESS-LY, adv. Without reason or cause.
GROUND'LESS-NESS, n. Want of just cause, reason or
authority for support. Tillotson.
GROUND'LING, n. A fish that keeps at the bottom of the
water ; hence, a low, vulgar person. Shak.
■j GROUND'LY, adv. Upon principles 5 solidly. Ascham.
(JROUND'-NUT, n. A plant, the arachis.
(JROUND'-OAK, 71. A sapling of oak. Mortimer.
GROUND'-PINE, n. A plant, a species of iewcriM???,.
GROUND'-PLATE, n. In architecture, the ground-plates are
the outermost pieces of timber lying on or near the ground.
GROUND'-PLOT, n. 1. The ground on which a building
is placed. 2. The ichnography of a building.
GROUND'-RENT, n. Rent paid for the privilege of build-
ing on another man's land. Johnson.
GROUND'-ROOM, n. A room on the ground; a lower
room. Tatl'er.
GROUND'SEL, ?i. A plant of the genus senecio, of several
species.
GROUND'SEL, ) n. [ground, and Sax. sylL] The timber
GROUND'-SILL, \ of a building which lies next to the
ground ; commonly called a sill,
GROUND'-TA€-KLE, n. In ships, the ropes and furniture
belonging to anchors.
GROUND'WoRK, n. 1. The work which forms the foun-
dation or support of any thing ; the basis ; the funda-
mentals. 2. The ground ; that to which the rest are ad-
ditional. 3. First principle ; original reason.
GROUP, ) n. [It. groppo ; Fr. groupe.] 1. A cluster, crowd
GROOP, \ or throng ; an assemblage ; a number collected
witjiout any regular form or arrangement. — 2. In painting
and sculpture, an assemblage of two or more figures of
men, beasts or other things which have some relation to
each other.
GROUP, V. t. [Fr. grouper.'] To form a group ; to bring or
place together in a cluster or knot; to form an assem-
blage.
GROUPED, pp. Formed or placed in a crowd.
GRoUP'ING, ppr. Bringing together in a cluster or as-
semblage.
GRoUP'ING, 71. The art of composing or combining the ob-
jects of a picture or piece of sculpture.
GROUSE, 71. A heath-cock.
GROUT, 71. [Sax. grut.] 1. Coarse meal ; pollard. 2.
A kind of wild apple. 3. A thin, coarse mortar. 4. That
which purges off.
GROUT'NOL. See Growthead.
GROVE, n. [Sax. grmf, graf.] 1. In gardening, a small
wood or cluster of trees with a shaded avenue, or a wood
impervious to the rays of the sun. 2. A wood of small
extent.. — In America, the word is applied to a wood of
natural growth in the field, as well as to planted trees in
a garden. 3. Something resembling a wood or trees in a
wood.
GROVEL, (grov'l) v. i. [Ice. gruva.] 1. To creep on the
earth, or with the face to the ground ; to lie prone, or
move with the body prostrate on the earth ; to act in a
prostrate posture. 2. To be low or mean.
GROV'EL-ER, n. One who grovels ; an abject wretch.
GROV'EL-ING, ppr. 1. Creeping ; moving on the ground.
2. a. Mean ; without dignity or elevation.
GRoVY, a. Pertaining to a grove ; frequenting groves.
GRoW, V. i. ; pret. greio : pp. srown. [Sax. growan.] 1.
To enlarge in bulk or stiiture, by a natural, imperceptible
addition of matter ; to vegetate, as plants, or to be aug-
mented by natural process, as animals. 2. To be produ-
ced by vegetation. 3. To increase ; to be augmented ; to
wax. 4. To advance; to improve; to make progress
5. To advance ; to extend. 6. To come by degrees ; to
become ; to reach any state. 7. To come forward ; to
advance. 8. To be changed from one state to another
to become. 9. To proceed, as from a cause or reason.
10. To accrue ; to come. 11. To swell ; to increase ; as,
the wind grew to a tempest. — To grow out of, to issue
from, as plants from the soil. — To grow up, to arrive at
manhood, or to advance to full stature.— 2^o grow up, or
to grow together, to close and adhere ; to become united
by growth.
GROW, V. t. To produce ; to raise ; as, a farmer grows
large quantities of wheat. [This is a modern, abusive use
of grow ]
GROWER, n. 1. One who grows ; that which increases. —
2._In English use, one who raises or produces.
GROWING, ppr. Increasing ; advancing in size or extent ;
becoming ; accruing ; swelling ; thriving.
GROWL, V. i. [Gr. ypu'Wr/-] To murmur or snarl, as a
dog ; to utter an angry, grumbling sound.
GROWL, V. t. To express by growling. Thomson.
GROWL, 71. The murmur of a cross dog.
GROWL'ER, 71. A snarling cur ; a grumbler.
GROWL'ING, ppr. Grumbling; snarling.
GRoWN, pp. of grow. 1. Advanced; increased ingrowth.
2. Having arrived at full size or stature.— Grown over,
covered by the growth of any thing ; overgrown.
t GROWSE, V. i. [Sax. agrisan.] To shiver ; to have chills.
GROWTH, 71. 1. The gradual increase of animal and vege-
table bodies. 2. Product ; produce ; that which has
grown. 3. Production ; any thing produced. 4. Increase
in number, bulk or frequency. 5. Increase in extent or
prevalence. 6. Advancement ; progress ; improvement.
GROWT'HEAD, )%. 1. A kmd of fish. 2. A lazy person ;
GROWT'NOL, \ a lubber; [oJs.]
GRUB, V. i. [Goth, graban.] To dig ; to be occupied in dig-
ging-
GRUB, V. t. To dig ; mostly followed by up.— To grub up,
is to dig up by the roots with an instrument ; to root out
by digging.
GRUB, n. 1. A small worm ; particularly, a hexaped or six-
footed worm, produced from the egg of the beetle. 2. A
short, thick man ; a dwarf, in contempt.
GRUB'AXE, 71. A tool used in grubbing up weeds, and the
like.
GRUB'BER, V. One who grubs up shrubs, &c.
GRUB'BING-HoE, n. An instrument for digging up trees,
shrubs, &c. by the roots ; a mattoc.
GRUB'BLE, V. i. [G. grvbeln.} To feel in the dark : to
grovel. [Mt much used.] Dryden.
GRUB'STREET, n. Originally, the name of a street near
Moorfields, in London, much inhabited by mean writers ;
hence, applied to mean writings ; as, a Grub-street poem.
Johnson .
GRUD6E, V. t. [W. griDg.] 1. To be discontented at an-
other's enjoyments or advantages ; to envy one the pos-
session or happiness which we desire for ourselves. 2.
To give or take unwillingly.
GRUDGE, ?;. j". 1. To murmur; to repine; to complain.
2. To be unwilling or reluctant. 3. To be envious. 4.
To wish in secret ; [06s.] 5. To feel compunction ; to
grieve ; [obs.]
GRUDGE,"?!. 1. Sullen malice or malevolence ; ill-will ; se-
cret enmity ; hatred. 2. Unwillingness to benefit. 3.
Remoi"se of conscience ; [obs ]
t GRUDG'EONS, 71. ^Zm. Coarse meal. Beaumont.
GRUDG'ER, n. One that grudges ; a murmurer.
GRUDG'ING, ppr. Envying ; being uneasy at another's
possession of something which we have a desire to pos-
sess.
GRUDG'ING, n. I. Uneasiness at the possession of some-
thing by another. 2. Reluctance ; also, a secret wish or
desire; [obs.] 3. A symptom of disease ; [obs.]
GRUDG'ING-LY, adv. Unwillingly; with reluctance or
discontent.
GRu'EL, 77. [W. grual.] A kind of light food made by
boiling meal in water.
GRUFF, a. [D. grof; W. gruf.] Of a rough or stern
countenance; sour; surly; severe; rugged; harsh.
GRUFF'LY, adv. Roughly ; sternly ; ruggedly ; harshly.
GRUFF'NESS, n. Roughness of countenance ; sternness.
GRUM, a. [Dan. grum.] I. Morose ; severe of counte-
nance ; sour ; surly. 2. Low ; deep in the throat ; guttu-
ral ; rumbling.
GRUM'BLE, v. i. [D. grommelen, grommen ; Sax. gryme-
tan.] 1. To murmur with discontent; to utter a low
voice by way of complaint. 2. To growl ; to snarl. 3.
To rumble ; "to roar ; to make a harsh and heavy sound.
GRUM'BLER, n. One who grumbles or murmurs ; one
who complains ; a discontented man.
GRUM'BLING, ppr. Murmuring through discontent ; rum-
bling ; growling.
GRUM'BLING, n. A mmmuring through discontent ; a
rumbling.
See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, ts, "?, long.—FAB.^ FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY 5— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
GUA
391
GUI
5RUM'BLING^LY, adv. With grumbling or complaint,
GRUME,??. [Fr. grmneau.] A thick, viscid consistence of
a fluid; a clot, as of blocd, &c.
GRUM'LY, adv. Morosely ; with a sullen countenance.
GRuM'OUS, a. Thick ; concreted ; clotted.
GRuM'OUS-NESS, n. A state of being concreted.
GRUN'DEL, n. The fish called a groundling.
GRUND'SEL, See Groundsel. Milton.
GRUNT, V. i. [Dan. grynter.] To murmur like a hog ; to
utter a sliort groan, or a deep guttural sound.
GRUNT, n. A deep guttural sound, as of a hog.
GRUNT'ER, n. 1. One that grunts. 2. A fish.
GRUNT'ING, ppr. Uttering the murmuring or guttural
sound of swine or other animals.
GRUNT'ING, n. The guttural sound of swine and other
animals.
t GRUNT'ING-LY, adv. Murmuringly ; mutteringly Sher-
wood.
GRUN'TLE, V. i. To grunt. [JTot much used.]
GRUNT'LING, n. A young hog.
GRUTCH, for grudge, is now vulgar, and not to be used.
GRY, n. [Gr. ypv.'] 1. A measure containing one tenth of
a line. 2. Any thing very small or of little value.
GRYPIi'ITE, n. [L. gryphites.'] Crowstone.
*GUAIA'eUM, (gua'ciim) ?i. Zio-7mm mi^?, or pock wood ;
a tree produced in the warm climates of America.
GUAI-a'VA, n. An American fruit. Miller. See Guava.
GUA'N^A, n. A species of lizard, found in America.
GUA-Nii.'€0, n. The lama, or camel of South America.
GUA 'NO, n. A substance found on many isles in the Pa-
cific, which are frequented by fowls ; used as a manure.
GTJa'RA, n. A bird of Brazil, the ta7itaZM5?-ii&e?-.
GUAR-AN-TEE', n. A waiTantor. See Guaranty.
GUAR'AN-TIED, (gar'an-tid) pp. Warranted.
GUAR'AN-TOR, (gar'an-tor) n. A warrantor ; one who
engages to see that the stipulations of another are per-
formed.
GUAR'AN-TY, (gar'an-ty) v. t. [Fr. garantir.] 1. To
warrant ; to make sure ; to undertake or engage that an-
other person shall perform what he has stipulated. 2. To
undertake to secure to anotiier, at all events. 3. To in-
demnify ; to save harmless.
GUAR'AN-TY, (gar'an-ty) 7i. [Fr. garant ; Sp. garantia.]
1. An undertaking or engagement by a third person or
party, that the stipulations of a treaty shall be observ-
ed by the contracting parties or by one of them. 2. One
who binds himself to see the stipulations of another per-
formed ; written also, guarantee.
GUARD, (gard) v. t. [Fr. garder.] 1. To secure against
injury, loss or attack; to protect ; to defend; to keep in
safety. 2. To secure against objections or the attacks of
malevolence. 3. To accompany and protect ; to accompany
for protection. 4. To adorn with lists, laces or orna-
ments; [obs.] 5. Togud; to fasten by binding.
GUARD, (gard) v. i. To watch by way of caution or de-
fense ; to be cautious ; to be in a state of defense or
safety.
GUARD, n. [Fr. garde.] 1. Defense ; preservation or se-
curity against injury, loss or attack. 2. That which se-
cures against attack or injury ; that which defends. 3.
A man or body of men occupied in presei-ving a person or
place from attack or injury. 4. A state of caution or vig-
ilance ; or the act of observing Avhat passes in order to
prevent surprise or attack ; care ; attention ; v/atch ; heed.
5. That which secures against objections or censure ;
caution of expression. 6. Part of the hilt of a sword,
which protects the hand. — 7. In fencing, a posture of de-
fense. 8. An ornamental lace, hem or border ; [065.] —
Advanced-guard, or van-guard, in military affairs, a body
of troops, either horse or foot, that march before an army
or division, to prevent surprise, or give notice of dan-
ger. — Rear-guard, a body of troops that march in the rear
of an army or division, for its protection. — Life-guard, a
body of select troops, whose duty is to defend the person
of a prince or other officer.
GUaRD'-BoAT, n. A boat appointed to row the rounds
among ships of war in a harbor, to observe that their offi-
cers keep a good look-out.
GUARD'-CHaM-BER, n. A guard-room.
GUARD'-ROOM, n. A room for the accommodation of
guards.
GUARD'-SHIP, n. A vessel of war appointed to superin-
tend the marine affairs in a harbor.
GUARD'A-BLE, a. That may be protected.
fGUARD'AGE, n. Wardship. Shak.
GUARD' ANT, a. 1. Acting as guardian ; [o&s.]— 2. Inher-
aldnj, having the face turned toward the spectator
t GUARD'ANT, n. A guardian. Shak.
GUARD'ED, pp. 1. Defended ; protected ; accompanied
by a guard. 2. a. Cautious ; cucumspect. 3. Framed or
uttered with caution.
GUARD'ED-LY, adv. With circumspection.
GUARD'ED-NESS, n. Caution ; circumspection.
GUARD'ER, n. One that guards.
GUARD'FUL, a. Wary ; cautir/us.
GUARD'I-AN, n. [Fr. gardien ; Sp. guardian.] 1. A war
den ; one who guards, preserves or secures ; one to whom
any thing is committed.— 2. In law, one who is chosen or
appointed to take charge of the estate and education of an
orphan. — Guardian of the spiritualities, the person to whom
the spiritual jurisdiction of a diocese is intmsted, during
the vacancy of the see.
GUARD'I-AN, a. Protecting; performing the office ol a
protector.
t GUARD'I-AN-ESS, n. A female guardian. Beaumont.
GUARD'I-AN-SHIP, n. The office of a guardian ; prote&
tion ; care ; watch.
GUARD'ING, ppr. Defending ; protecting ; securing ; at
tending for protection.
GUARD'LESS, a. Without a guard or defense.
GUARD'SHIP, n. Care ; protection. [Little used.]
t GUA'RISH, V. t. [Fr. gucrir.] To heal. Spenser.
GUa'RY-MiR'A-€LE, ?t '~ ---- -
play
[Corn, guare-mirkl.] A miracle-
GUA' YA, n. An American tree and its fruit.
t Gu'BER-NATE, v. t. [L. guherno.] To govern.
GU-BER-Na'TION, 71. [L. gubernatio.] Government ; mle;
direction. [Little used.] Watts.
GU'BER-NA-TlVE, a. Governing. Chaucer.
GU-BER-NA-To'Rl-AL, a. [L. gubemmtor.] Pertaining to
government, or to a governor.
GUD'GEON, (gud'jin) n. [Fr. goujon.] 1. A small fish,
easily caught, and hence, 2. A person easily cheated or
insnared. Swift. 3. A bait ; allurement. 4. An iron pin
on which a wheel turns. — Sea-gudgeon, the black goby or
rock-fish.
GUELF, ) n. The Ouelfs, so called from the name of a
GUELPH, \ family, composed a faction formerly, in Ita-
^Yi opposed to the Gibelines.
t GUER'DON, (ger'don) n. [Fr.] A rev/ard ; requital ; rec-
ompense. Milton.
t GUER'DON, V. t. To reward. B. Jonson.
t GUER'DON- A-BLE, a. Worthy of reward. Sir 6. Buck.
t GUER'DON-LESS, a. Unrecompensed. Chaucei-.
GUESS, (ges) V. t. [D. gissen ; Sw. gissa.] 1. To con-
jecture ; to form an opinion without certain principles or
means of knowledge. Pope. 2. To judge or form an opin-
ion from some reasons that render a thing probable, but
fall short of sufficient evidence. 3. To hit upon by acci-
dent.
GUESS, V. i. To conjecture ; to judge at random.
GUESS, n. Conjecture ; judgment without any certain evi-
dence or grounds. Dryden.
GUESSED, pp. Conjectured ;_ divined.
GUESS'ER, n. One who guesses ; a conjecturer ; one who
judges without certain knowledge.
GUESS'ING, ppr. Conjecturing ; judging without certain
evidence, or grounds of opinion.
GUESS'ING-LY, adv. By way of conjecture.
GUEST, (gest) n. [Sax. gest.] 1. A stranger; one who
comes from a distance, and takes lodgings at a place. 2.
A visitor ; a stranger or friend, entertained in the house
or at the table of another.
t GUEST, V. i. To be entertained in the house or at the ta-
ble of another.
GUEST'-CHaM-BER, n. An apartment appropriated to
the entertainment of guests.
GUEST'-RITE, n. Office due to a guest. Chapman.
GUEST'-ROPE, ) n. A rope to tow with, or to make fast a
GUESS'-ROPE, S boat. Mar. Diet.
GUEST'WiSE, adv. In the manner of a guest.
GUG'GLE. See Gurgle.
GUHR, n. A loose, earthy deposit from water.
GUiD'A-BLE, a. That may be guided or governed by
counsel. Sprat.
GUiD'AGE, n. The reward given to a guide for services
[Little used.]
GUlD'ANCE, n. The act of guiding ; direction ; govern-
ment ; a leading.
GUIDE, (gide) v. t. [Fr. guider.] 1. To lead or direct in
a way ; to conduct in a course or path. 2. To direct ; to
order. 3. To influence ; to give direction to. 4. To in-
struct and direct. 5. To direct ; to regulate and manage ;
to superintend.
GUlDE, n. [Fr. guide.] 1. A person who leads or directs
another in his way or course ; a conductor. 2. One who
directs another in his conduct or course of life. 3. A di-
rector ; a regulator ; that which leads or conducts.
GUiD'ED, pp. Led ; conducted ; directed In the way ; in-
structed and directed.
GUiDE'LESS, a. Destitute of a guide ; wanting a director.
Dryden.
GUiDE'PoST, n. A post at the forks of a road for directing
travelers the way.
GUlD'ER, n. A guide ; one who guides or directs.
t GUiD'ER-ESS, n. She who guides or directs. Caxton.
GUiD'ING, ppr. Leading ; conducting ; directing superin-
tending.
^ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
GUL
392
GUN
GUi'DON, n. [Fr.] The flag or standard of a troop of cav-
alry ; or the standard-bearer. Lunier.
GUILD, (gild) n. [Sax. geld, g-ield, gild, or gyld.] In Eng-
land, a society, fraternity or company, associated for
some purpose, particularly for carrying on commeice.
Hence the name Oidld-liall, the great court of judicature
in London.
GUILD'A-BLE, a. Liable to a tax. Spelman.
GUILD'ER. See Gilder.
GUILE, (gile) n. [qu. Old Fr. guille, OT gille.] Craft ; cun-
ning ; artifice ; duplicity ; deceit.
f GUlLE, V t. To disguise craftily. Spenser.
t GUlLED, a. Treacherous ; deceiving. Shak.
GUlLE'FjJL, a. 1. Cunning; crafty; artful; wily; de-
ceitful ; insidious. 2. Treacherous ; deceitful. 3, Intend-
ed to deceive.
GUlLE'FjJL-LY, adv. Artfully; insidiously; treacher-
ously.
GUlLE'FUL-NESS, n. Deceit ; secret treachery.
GUlLE'LESS, a. Free from guile or deceit ; artless ; frank ;
sincere; honest.
GUlLE'LESS-NESS, n. Simplicity ; freedom from guile.
GUiL'ER, n. One who betrays into danger by insidious
arts. Spenser.
GUIL'LE-MOT, n. [W. gvnlawg.} A water fowl.
GUIL'LO-TtNE, (gil'lo-teen) n. [Fr.,from the name of the
inventor.] An engine or machine for beheading persons
GUIL-LO-TINE', (gil-lo-teen') v. t. To behead with the
guillotine.
GUILLS, n. A plant, the corn marigold.
GUILT, (gilt) n. [Sax. gylt.] 1. Criminality; that state
of a moral agent which results from his actual commis-
sion of a crime or offense, knowing it to be a crime, or
violation of law. 2. Criminality in a political or civil
view ; exposure to forfeiture or other penalty 3. Crime ;
offense.
fGUILT'I-LlKE, a(Z«. Guilty. SJiak.
GUILT'I-LY, adv. In a manner to incur guilt ; not inno-
cently. Shak.
GUILT'I-NESS, n. The state of being guilty ; wickedness ;
criminality ; guilt. Sidney.
GUILT'LESS, a. 1. Free from guilt, crime or offense ; in-
nocent. 2. Not produced by the slaughter of animals.
GUILT'LESS-LY, adv. Without guilt ; innocently.
GUILT'LESS-NESS, n. Innocence ; freedom from guilt or
crime. Sidney.
GUILT'-SI€K, a. Diseased in consequence of guilt.
GUILT'Y, (gilt'y) a. [Sax. ^yltig.] 1. Criminal ; having
knowingly committed a crime or offense. 2. Wicked ;
corrupt ; sinful. 3. Conscious.
GUIN'EA, (gin'ny) n. [from Guinea, in Africa, which
abounds with gold.] Formerly, a gold coin of Great
Britain of the value of twenty-one shillings sterling.
GUIN'EA-DROP-PER, n. One who cheats by dropping
guineas.
GUIN'EA-HEN, n. The JSTamida meleagris, a fowl of the
gallinaceous order, a native of Africa.
GUIN'EA-PEP'PER, n. A plant, the capsicum.
GUIN'EA- PIG, n. In zoology, a quadruped of the genus
cavia or cavy, found in Brazil.
GUIN'IAD, or GWIN'IAD, n. [W. gwen, gwyn.] The
whiting, a fish of the salmon or trout kind.
GUlSE, gize) n. [Fr. guise.] 1. External appearance;
dress; garb. 2. Manner; mien; cast of behavior. 3.
Custom ; mode ; practice.
GUlS'ER, (giz'er) n. A person in disguise ; a mummer who
goes about at Christmas. Eng.
GUIT-AR', (git-ar') n. [Fr. guitare.] A stringed instrument
of music.
GtJ'LA, or Go'LA, n. An ogee or wavy member in a
building ; the cymatium.
Gu'LAUND, n. An aquatic fowl. Pennant.
fGULCH, K. [D. gulzig.] A glutton; a swallowing.
•f GULCH, V. t. To swallow greedily.
GULCH'IN. The same as gulch.
GULES, n. [Fr. gueules.] In heraldry, a term denoting
red. Encyc.
GULF, n. [Fr. golfe : It., Sp., Port, golfo.] I. A recess
in the ocean from the general line of the shore into the
land, or a tract of water extending from the ocean or a sea
into the land, between two points or promontories ; a
large bay. 2. An abyss ; a deep place in the earth. 3.
A whirlpool ; an absorbing eddy. 4. Any thing insatia-
ble.
GULF-IN-DENT'ED, a. Indented with gulfs.
GULF'Y, a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs.
GULL, v. t. [D. kullen.] To deceive; to cheat; to mislead
by deception ; to trick ; to defraud.
GULL, TO. 1. A cheating or cheat ; trick; fraud. Shak. 2.
One easily cheated. Shak.
GULL, n. [W. gwylan.] A marine fowl.
GULL CATCH-ER, n. A cheat ; a man who cheats or en-
traps silly people. Shak.
GULLED, pp. Cheated ; deceived ; defrauded.
GULL'ER, n. A cheat ; an impostor.
t GULL'ER-Y, n. Cheat. Burton.
GUL'LET, n. [Fr. goulet, goulot.] 1. The passage in the
neck of an animal by which food and liquor are taken in-
to the stomach ; the esophagus. 2. A stream or lake
[obs.]
GUL-LI-BIL'I-TY, n. Credulity, [.a low word.]
GUL'LIED, pp. Having a hollow worn by water.
fGULL'ISH, a Foolish ; stupid.
t GULL'ISH-NESS, w. Foolishness ; stupidity.
GUL'LY, 71. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a
current of water. Mitford. Hawkesworth.
GUL'LY, V. t. To wear a hollow channel in the earth.
Jim eric a.
t GUL'LY. V. I. To run with noise.
GUL'LY-GUT, n. [L. gulo.] A glutton. Barret.
GUL'LY-HOLE, n. An opening where gutters empty their
contents into the subterraneous sewer.
GU-LOS'I-TY, 7^. [L. gulosus.] Greediness; voracity; ex-
cessive appetite for food. [Little used.] Brown.
GULP, 7). f. [D. gulpen.] To swallow eagerly or in large
draughts. Oay. — To gulp up, to throw up from the throat
or stomach ; to disgorge.
GULP, n. A swallow, or as much as is swallowed at once
2. A disgorging.
GULPH. See Gulf.
GUM, n. [Sax. goma.\ The hard, fleshy substance of the
jaws which invests the teeth.
GUM, n. [Sax. goma ; L. gunimi.] The mucilage of vege-
tables : a concrete juice which exsudes through the bark
of trees. — Gum-elastic, or elastic-gum, [caoutchouc,^ is a
singular substance, obtained from a tree in America by
incision.
GUM, V. t. 1. To smear with gum. 2. To unite by a vis-
cous substance.
GUM-AR'A-BIC, n. A gum which flows from the acacia,
in Arabia, Egypt, &c.
GUM'-BOIL, n. A boil on the gum.
GUM'LAC, n. The produce of an insect, which deposits
its eggs on the branches of a tree called bihar.
GUM'-RES-IN, n. A mixed juice of plants.
GUM-SEN'E-GAL, n. A gum resembling gum-arabic.
GUM-TSAG'A-€ANTH, n. The gum of a thorny shrub of
that name, in Crete, Asia and Greece.
GUM'MI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being gummy ;
viscousness. 2. Accumulation of gum.
GUM-MOS'I-TY, n. The nature of gum; gumminess ; a
viscous or adhesive quality. Floyer.
GUM'MOUS, a. Of the nature or quality of gum ; viscous;
adhesive. Woodward.
GUM'MY, a. 1. Consisting of gum ; of the nature of gum ;
viscous; adhesive. 2. Productive of gum. 3. Coverec*
with gum or viscous matter.
GUMP, n. [Dan. and Sw. gump.] A foolish person ; a dolt
[Vulgar.]
GUMP'TION, n. [Sax. gymene.] Care ; skiU ; understand-
ing. [Vulvar.]
GUN, n. [W. gwn ; Corn, gun.] An instrument consisting
of a barrel oftube of irrn or other metal, fixed in a stock,
from which balls, shot or other deadly weapons are dis-
charged by the explosion of gunpowder. The larger spe-
cies of guns are called cannon ; and the smaller species
are called muskets, carbines, fowling-pieces, &c.
t GUN, V. i. To shoot.
GUN'-BAR-REL, n. The barrel or tube of a gun.
GUN'BoAT, n. A boat or small vessel fitted to carry a gun
or two at the bow. Mar. Diet.
GUN'-CAR-RIAGE, n. A wheel-carriage for bearing and
moving cannon.
GUN'NEL. See Gunwale.
GUN'NER, n. One skilled in the use of guns ; a cannonier ;
an officer appointed to manage artillery.
GUN'NER-Y, n. The act of charging, directing and firing
guns, as cannon, mortars and the like.
GUN'NING, n The act of hunting or shooting game with
a gun.
GUN'POW-DER, n. A composition of saltpetre, sulphur
and charcoal, mixed and reduced to a fine powder, then
granulated and dried. It is used in artillery, in shoot-
ing game, in blasting rocks, &c. ,
GUN'ROOM, n. In slaps, an apartment orcupied by the
gunner, or by the lieutenants as a mess-room.
GUN'SHOT, n. The distance of the point-blank range of a
cannon-shot. Mar. Diet.
GUN'SHOT, a. Made by the shot of a gun.
GUN'SMITH, n. A maker of small fire-arms.
GUN'SMITH-ER-Y, n. The business of a gunsmith ; the
art of making small fire-arms.
GUN'STICK, n. A rammer, or ramrod ; a stick or rod to
ram down the charge of a musket, &c.
GUN'STOCK, n. The stock or wood in which the barrel of
a gun is fixed.
GUN'STONE, n. A stone used for the shot of cannon.
♦ See Synopsis A, E, T, S, X5, •?, long.—FH-R, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— HN. MARifNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
GUT
393
GYV
GlTN'TAe-KLE, n. The tackle used on board of ships to
run the guns out of the ports.
GUN'WALE, or GUN'NEL, n. The Upper edge of a ship's
side ; the uppermost wale of a ship.
GURCfE, 71. [h. ffurges.l A whirlpool. [Little used.]
fGURGE, V. t. To swallow.
f GUR'GION, n. The coarser part of meal separated from
the bran. Hollinsked.
GUR'GLE, V. i. [It. gorgogliare.] To run as liquor with a
purling noise ; to run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy-
current.
GURG'LING, ppr. Running or flowing with a purling
sound.
GUR'HO-FITE, n. A subvariety of magnesian carbonate of
lime.
GUR'NARD, or GUR'NET, n. [Ir. guirnead.] A fish.
GUR'RAH, n. A kind of plain, coarse, India muslin,
GUSH, V. i. [Ir. gaisim.] 1. To issue with violence and
rapidity, as a fluid ; to rush forth as a fluid from confine-
ment. 2. To flow copiously.
GUSH, V. t. To emit in copious eff"usion. Dryden.
GUSH, n. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an in-
closed place ; the fluid thus emitted.
GUSH'ING, ppr. 1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid j
flowing copiously. 2. Emitting copiously.
GUS'SET, n. [Fr. gousset.] A small piece of cloth inserted
in a garment for the purpose of strengthening or enlarging
some part.
GUST, n. [L. gustus ; It., Sp gusto.] 1. Taste ; tasting,
or the sense of tasting. More generally, the pleasure of
tasting ; relish. 2. Sensual enjoyment. Dryden. 3. Pleas-
ure ; amusement j gratification. 4. Turn of fancy 5 intel-
lectual taste.
GUST, V. t. To taste ; to have a relish. [Little iised.]
GUST, n. [Dan. gust.] 1. A sudden squall ; a violent blast
of wind. 2. A sudden, violent burst of passion.
GUST'A-BLE, a. I. That may be tasted; tastable. 2.
Pleasant to the taste. [Little used.] Derham.
f GUST'A-BLE, n. Any thing that may be tasted ; an eat-
able.
GUS-Ta'TION, n. The act of tasting. [Little used.]
GUST'FIJL, a. Tasteful ; well-tasted ; that relishes.
GUST'FUL-NESS, n. Relish ; pleasantness to the taste.
GUST'LESS, a. Tasteless. Brown.
GUST'O, n. [It. and Sp.] 1. Relish ; that which excites
pleasant sensationb in the palate or tongue. 2. Intellect-
ual taste ; [little used,]
GUST'Y, a. Subject to sudden blasts of wind; stormy;
tempestuous. Shak.
GUT, 71. [G.kuttel.] I. The intestinal canal of an animal ;
a pipe or tube extending, with many circumvolutions,
from the pylorus to the vent. 2. The stomach ; the re-
ceptacle of food ; [low.] 3. Gluttony ; love of gormandiz-
ing ; [low.]
GUT, V. t. 1. To take out the bovvels ; to eviscerate. 2.
to plunder of contents.
GUT'TA SE-Re'NA. In medicine, amaurosis ; blindness
occasioned by a diseased retina.
GUT'TA-TED, a. [L. gutta.] Besprinkled with drops.
Diet.
GUT'TED, pp. Deprived of the bowels; eviscerated; de-
prived of contents.
GUT'.TER, n. [Fr. gouttiere.] I. A channel for water ; a
hollow piece of timber, or a pipe, for catching and convey-
ing ofl" the water which drops from the eaves of a build-
ing. 2. A channel or passage for water ; a hollow in the
earth for conveying water.
GUT'TER, V. t. To cut or form into small hollows.
GUT'TER, V. i. 1. To be hollowed or channeled. 2. To
run or sweat as a candle ; [local.]
t GUT'TLE, 7;. t. To sw^Wow. L^ Estrange.
fGUT'TLE, V. i. To swallow greedily.
GUT'TLER, 71. A greedy eater.
GUT'TU-LOUS, a. [L. guttula.] In the form of a small
drop or of small drops. [Little v^ed.]
GUT'TU-RAL, a. [Fr. guttural.] Pertaining to the throat ;
formed in the throat.
GUT'TU-RAL, n. A letter pronounced in the throat, as
the Greek X'
GUT"TU-RAL-LY, adv. In a guttural manner; in the
throat.
GUT'TU-RAL-NESS, n. The quality of being guttural.
jGUT'TU-RINE, a. Pertaining to the throat. Ray.
GUT'TY, a. [from L. gutta.] In heraldry, charged or
sprinkled with drops. Encyc.
GUT'WORT, n. A plant.
GU"?, (gi) n. [Sp., Port, gvia.] In marine affairs, a rope
used to keep a heavy body steady while hoisting or low-
ering. .
GUZ'ZLE, V. i. To swallow liquor greedily; to drink
much ; to drink frequently.
GUZ'ZLE, V. t. To swallow much or often ; to swallow
with immoderate gust. Dryden.
GUZ'ZLE, n. An insatiable thing or person.
GUZ'ZLER, 71. One who guzzles ; an immoderate drinker
G^BE, 71. A sneer. See Gibe.
6"? BE, V. t. In seamen's language, to shift a boom-sail from
one side of a vessel to the other.
GyB'ING, ppr. Shifting a boom-sail from one side of a ves-
sel to the other.
fGYE, v.t. To guide. Chaucer.
* GYM-Na'SI-UM, n. [Gr. yvpvaffiov.] In Greece, a place
where athletic exercises were performed. Hence, a place
of exercise, a school.
* 6YM-NAS'TI€, a. [L. gymnasticus.] Pertaining to
athletic exercises of the body, intended for health, de-
fense or diversion, as running, leaping, wrestling, throw-
ing the discus, the javelin or the hoop, playing with
balls, &c.
* GYM-NAS'TI€, n. Athletic exercise.
* GYM-NAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a gymnastic manner;
athletically. Brown.
* GYM-NAS'TI€S, n. The gymnastic art; the art of per-
forming athletic exercises.
*GYM'NI€, a. [L. gymnicus.] 1. Pertaining to atWetic
exercises of the body. 2. Performing athletic exer-
cises.
* GYM'Nie, 71. Athletic exercise.
* GYM'NI-€AL, a. [Gr. yvuviKog.] Pertaining to athletic
exercises.
6YM-NOS-0-PHIST,7i. [Gr. yvp.vos and ffo^tor?/?.] A phi-
losopher of India, so called from his going with bare feet,
or with little clothing.
GYM.N0S'-0-PHY,7z. The doctrines of the Gymnosophists
Good.
GYM'NO-SPERM, n. [Gr. yv[xvos and anspna.] In botany,
a plant that bears naked seeds.
GYM-NO-SPERM'OUS, a. Having naked seeds.
tGYN, V. t. To begin.
GY-N^'CIAN, a. [Gr. yvvaiKos, genitive ofyvvr;.] Relat-
ing to women.
6Y-N^-0€'RA-CY, n. [Gr. yvvrj and Kparos.] Govern-
ment over which a woman may preside.
GY-NAN'DER, n. [Gr. yvvrj and avrjp.] In botany, a plant
whose stamens are inserted ill the pistil.
GY-NAN'DRI-AN, a. Having stamens inserted in the pis-
til.
6YN'AR-€HY, n. [Gr. yvvij and ap^ij.] Government by
a female. Chesterfield.
6Y-NP:-€0€'RA-CY, h. [Gr. yvvaiKOKparca.] Petticoat gov-
ernment ; female power.
GYPSE, 71. [Fr. gypse.] A kind of stone. Pocokc.
GYP'SE-OUS, a. Of the nature of gypsum ; partaking of
the qualities of gypsum.
ll^lf^'jSeeGiPS.r.
GYP'SUM, 71. [L.] Plaster-stone ; sulphate of lime ; a min-
eral not unfrequently found in crystals, often in amor-
phous masses, and which is of great use in agriculture
and the arts.
Gy'RAL, a. Whirling; moving in a circular form.
GY-RA'TIOiN[, n. [L. gyratio.] A turning or whirling
round ; a circular motion. JYewton.
Gyre, n. [L. gyi-us.] a circular motion, or a circle de-
scribed by a moving body ; a turn.
Gyre, v. t. To turn round. Bp. Hall.
Gyred, a. Failing in rings. Shak.
6YR'FAL-€0N, n. [Fr. gerfault.] A species of falco or
hawk. See * Falcon.
GfRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yvpog and fxavreia- ] A kind of
divination performed by walking round in a circle or
ring.
* GyVE, 71. [W gevyn.] Gyves are fetters or shackles for
the legs.
Gyve, v. t. To fetter ; to shackle ; to chain. Shak.
* Ses Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DdVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
HAC
394
HAG
H,
His the eighth letter of the English Alphabet. It is not
strictly a vowel, nor an articulation, but the mark of
a stronger breathing than that which precedes the utter-
ance of any other letter. It is pronounced with an expi-
ration of breath, which, preceding a vowel, is perceptible
by the ear at a considerable distance. Thus, harm and
arm, hear and ear, heat and eat, are distinguished at al-
most any distance at which the voice can be heard. In
English, h is sometimes mute, as in honor, honest; also
vrhen united with g, as in right, fight, brought. In which,
what, who, whom, and some other words in which it fol-
lows w, it is pronounced before it, hiDich, hwat, &c.
WA. An exclamation, denoting surprise, joy or grief. With
the first or long sound of a, it is used as a question, and is
equivalent to " What do you say ?" When repeated, ha,
ha, it is an expression of laughter.
HA, V. i. To express surprise ; to hesitate.
HAAK, n. A fish. Ainsworth.
Ha'BE-AS €0R'PUS. [L. have the body.] A writ for de-
livering a person from false imprisonment, or for remov-
ing a person fi-um one court to another, &c.
HAB'ER-DASH-ER, n. A seller of small wares.
HAB'ER-DASH-EK-Y, n. The goods and wares sold by a
haberdasher.
HAB'ER-DiNE, n. A dried salt cod. Ainsworth.
HA-BER'6E-0N, n. [Fr. haubergeon.] A coat of mail or
armor to defend tlie neck and breast.
t HAB'ILE, a. Fit 5 proper. Spenser.
HA-BII/I-MENT, ?i. [Ft. habillement.] A garment; cloth-
ing ; usually in the plural, habiliments.
t HA-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. hahiliter.] To qualify.
t HA-BIL-I-Ta'TION, ?i. Qualification. Bacon.
HA-BIL'I-TY. See Ability.
HAB'IT, n. [Fr. habit ; Sp. habito.] 1. Garb ; dress ;
clothes or garments in general. 2. A coat worn by ladies
over other garments. 3. State of any thing, implying
some continuance or permanence ; temperament or partic-
ular state of a body. 4. A disposition or condition of the
mind or body, acquked by custom or a frequent repetition
of the same act.
HAB'IT, V. t. To dress ; to clothe ; to array.
tHAB'IT, V. i. To dwell; to inhabit. Chaucer.
HAB'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. habitabilis.] That may be in-
habited or dwelt in ; capable of sustaining human beings.
HAB'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of being inhabited.
HAB'I-TA-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be habitable.
Foi-syth.
t HAB'I-TANCE, n. Dwelling .; abode ; residence.
HAB I-TAN-CY, 71. Legal settlement or inhabitancy.
HAB'I-TANT, n. [Fr. ; L. habitans.'] An inhabitant ; a
dweller ; a resident ; one who has a permanent abode in
a place. Pope.
HAB'I-TAT, 71. Habitation. Flemimr.
HAE-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L,. habitatio.] I. Act of inhabiting ;
state of dwelling. 2. Place of abode ; a settled dwelling ;
a mansion ; a house or other place in which man or any
animal dwells.
t IIAB'I-TA-TOR, 71. [L.] A dweller ; an inhabitant.
HAB'IT-ED, a. 1. Clothed; dressed. 2. Accustomed;
[not usual. '\
HA BIT'U-AL, a. [Fr. habituel.] 1. Formed or acquired
by habit, frequent use or custom. 2. Customary ; ac-
cording to habit. 3. Foi-med by repeated impressions;
rendered permanent by continued causes.
HA-BIT'U-AL-LY, adv. By habit; customarily; by fre-
quent practice or use.
UA-BIT'U-ATE, v. t. [Fr. habituer.] 1. To accustom ; to
make familiar by frequent use or practice. 2. To settle
as an inhabitant in a place. Temple.
HA-BIT'U-ATE, a. 1.' Inveterate by custom. Hammond.
•2. Formed by habit Temple.
H A-BIT'U- A-TED, pp. Accustomed ; made familiar by use.
H A-BIT'TJ-A-TING, ppr. Accustoming ; making easy and
familiar by practice.
UAB'I-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. habitudo,'] 1. Relation; re-
spect; state with regard to something else ; [little used.']
South. 2. Frequent intercourse ; familiarity ; [not usual.}
3. Customary manner or mode of life; repetition of the
same acts. 4. Custom ; habit. Dryden.
I Ha'BLE, a. [L. habilis.} Fit ; proper. Spenser. See
Able.
HAB'NAB, adv. [hap ne hap.] At random; by chance;
without order or rule. Hudibras.
HACK, V. t. [Sax. haccan ; D. hakken.] 1. To cut irregu-
larlv and into small pieces ; to notch ; to mangle by re-
peated strokes of a cutting instrument. 2. To speak with
stops or catches ; to speak with hesitation.
HA€K, n. A notch ; a cut. Shak.
HACK, 7j. 1 A horse kept for hure ; a horse much used m
draught or in hard service ; any thing exposed to hire o?
used in common ; [from hackney.] 2. A coach or other
carriage kept for hire ; [from hackney.] 3. Hesitating or
faltering speech. 4. A rack for feeding cattle ; [local.]
HACK, a. Hired. Wakefi,eld.
HACK, V. i. 1. To be exposed or offered to common use for
hire ; to turn prostitute. 2. To make an effort to raise
phlegm See Hawk.
HACKED, pp. Chopped ; mangled
HACK'ING, ppr. Chopping into small pieces; mangling;
mauling.
HACKLE, -B. f. [G. hecheln.] 1. To comb flax or hemp;
to separate the coarse part of these substances from the
fine. 2. To tear asunder. Burke.
HACKLE, n. 1. A hatchel. [ The latter word is used in
the U. States.] 2. Raw silk ; any flimsy substance un-
spun. 3. A fly for angling, dressed with feathers or silk.
HACK'LY, a. Rough; broken as if hacked. — Inmineralo-
gil, having fine, short and sharp points on the surface.
HACK'MA-TACK, n. A name of the red larch.
HACK']\EY, 71. [Ft. haquenee ; Sp. hacanea.] 1. A pad;
a nag ; a pony. 2. A horse kept for hire ; a horse much
used. 3. A coach or other carriage kept for hire, and oft-
en exposed in the streets of cities. The word is some-
tunes contracted to hack. 4. Any thing much used or
used in common ; a hireling ; a prostitute.
HACK'NEY, a. 1. Let out for hire ; devoted to common
use. 2. Prostitute; vicious for hire. 3. Much used;
common ; trite.
HACK'NEY, V. t. 1. To use much; to practice in one
thing ; to make trite. 2. To carry in a hackney-coach.
HACK'NEY-COACH. See Hackney.
HACK'NEY-CoACH'MAN, n. A man who drives ahack-
ne}'-coach.
HACK'NEYED, pp. I. Used much or in common. 2.
Practiced ; accustomed.
HACK'NEY-ING, ppr. Using much ; accustoming.
HACK'NEY-MAN, n. A man who lets horses and carriages
for hire. Barret.
t HACK'STER, n. A bully ; a ruffian or assassin.
tHACaUE-TON, 71. [Fr. hoqueton.] A stuffed jacket.
HAD, prct. and pp. of have.
HAD-I-WIST'. A proverbial expression. Oh that I had
known .'
t HAD'DER, 71. [G. heide.] Heath. See Heath,
HAD'DOCK, 71. [Ir. codog.] A fish.
HADE, n. Among miners, the steep descent of a shaft. — In
mining, the inclination or deviation from the vertical of a
mineral vein.
HAF'FLE, u.i. To speak unintelligibly ; to waver; to pre-
varicate.
HAFT, n. [Sax. haft.] A handle ; that part of an instru-
ment or vessel which is taken into the hand.
HAFT, V. t. To set in a haft ; to furnish with a handle.
fHAFT'ER, 7?. [W. hafiaw.] Acaviler; a wrangler.
HAG, 71. [Sax. hcEgessc] 1. An ugly old woman. 2. A
witch ; a sorceress ; an enchantress. 3. A fury ; a she-
monster. 4. A cartilaginous fish. 5. Appearances of
light and fire on horses' manes or men's hair were former-
ly called hags.
'H.AG,v.t. 1. To harass; to torment. BwfZer. 2. To tire ;
to weary with vexation.
RAG,v.t. [a corruption of /tacfe.] To cut down. Craven
dialect.
HAG'BORN, a. Bom of a hag or witch. Shak.
HAG'GARD, ) a. [G. hager.] 1. Literally, having a rag-
HAG'ARD, S gefi look, as if hacked or gashed. Hence,
lean ; meager ; rough ; having eyes sunk in their orbits ';
ugly. 2. WUd ; fierce ; intractable.
HAG'GARD, n. 1. Any thing wild and intractable. 2. A
species of hawk. 3. A hag.
HAG'GARD, n. [Sax. haga.] A stack-yard.
HAG'GARD-LY, adv. In a haggard or ugly manner; with
deformity. Dryden.
HAG'GED, a. Lean ; ugly ; like a hag. Bray.
HAG'GESS, 71. 1. A mess of meat, generally pork, chop-
ped and inclosed in a membrane. 2. A sheep's head and
pluck minced. Entick.
HAG'GLE, V. t. [W. hag.] To cut into small pieces ; to
notch or cut in an unskilful manner ; to make rough by
cutting; to mangle.
HAG'GLE, V. i. To be difficult in bargaining ; to hesitate
and cavil. See Higgle.
HAG'GLED, pp. Cut irregularly into notches ; made rough
by cutting ; mangled.
* See Synopsis A,fl,l,C>,VY,long — FAR, FALL WHAT ;— PREY ;—PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— ^Obsolete.
HAL
395
HAL
HAG'GLER, n. 1. One who haggles. 9. One who cavils,
hesitates and makes difficulty in bargaining.
HAG'GLING, ppr. Hacking ; mangling ; caviling and hesi-
tating in bargaining.
HAGHES, or HAGUES, n. plu. [Teut. haegh.] Haws.
Grose.
HAG-I-OG'EA-PHAL, a. Pertaining to hagiography, which
HAG J-OG'HA-PHER, n. A writer of holy or sacred books.
HAG-I-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ayios and ypacpri ; L. hagiog-
rapha.] Sacred writings.
HAG'ISH, a. Of the nature of a hag ; deformed j ugly ; hor-
rid. Shak.
HAG'-RID-DEN, a. Afflicted with the night-mare.
HAG'SHIP, n. The state or title of a hag or witch.
HAGUE'BUT. See ARCiUEBUsE.
HAH. An exclamation expressing surprise or effort.
HAIL, n. [Sax. hccgel, or hagel.'j Masses of ice or frozen
vapor, falling from the clouds m showers or storms.
HAIL, V. i. To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapors.
HAIL, V. t. To pour. Shak.
HAIL, c. [Sax. hal.] Sound; whole; healthy. [In this
sense, it is usually written hale.]
HAIL. An exclamation, or rather a verb in the imperative
mode, being the adjective hail, used as a verb. Hail, be
well ; be in health ; health to you ; a term of salutation.
HAIL, n. A Wish of health ; a salutation. Milton.
HAIL, V. t. To call ; to call to a person at a distance, to ar-
rest his attention.
HaILED, pp. Called to from a distance; accosted.
HaIL'ING, ppr. 1. Saluting; calling to from a distance.
2._ Pouring down hail.
t HaIL'SHOT, 71. Small shot which scatter like hailstones.
HAlL'STOi^E, n. A single massof ice falling from a cloud.
Dryden.
HaIL'Y, a. Consisting of hail. Pope.
HaIN'OUS, a. [Fi. huineux.] Sec Heinous.
HAIR, n. [Sax. hair.] 1. A small filament issuing from
the skin of an animal, and from a bulbous root. 2. The
collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of
an animal, and forming an integument or covering. 3.
Any thing very small or fine ; or a very small distance;
the breadth of a hair. 4, A trifling value. 5. Course ;
order ; grain ; the hair falling in a certain direction ; [obs.]
6. Long, straight and distinct filaments on the surface of
plants ; a species of down or pubescence.
HAIR'BELL, n. A plant, a species of hyacinth.
HAIR'-BRAINED. See Hare-brained.
HAIR'-BREADTH, n. The diameter or breadth of a hair ;
a very small distance.
HAIR'CLOTH, n. Stuff or cloth made of hair; or in part
with hair.
HAIRED, a. Having hair. Purckas.
HAIR'HUNG, a. Hanging by a hair. Young.
HAIR'LACE, n. A fillet for tying up the hair of the head,
HAIR'LESS, a. Destitute of hair ; bald. S/iak.
HAIR'I-NESS, n. [from hairy.] The state of abounding or
being covered with hair. Johnson.
HAlS'pm^"^^^' j '*• ^ pi" ^^^^ i" dressing the hair.
HAIR'POW-DER, n. A fine powder of flour for sprinkling
the hair of the head.
HAIR'-SALT, n. [G. haar-sah.] A mixture of the sul-
phates of magnesia and iron.
HAIR' Worm, n. A genus of worms.
HAIR'Y, a. I. Overgrown with hair ; covered with hair ;
abounding with hair. 2. Consisting of hair. 3. Resem-
bling hair; of the nature of hair.
HAKE, n. A kind offish, the gadus merlucius.
HAKE, V. i. To sneak ; to loiter ; to go about idly. Grose.
HAK'OT, 71. A fish. Ainsworth.
HAL, in some names, signifies hall.
HAL'BERD, n. [Fr. hallebarde.] A military weapon, con-
sisting of a pole or shaft of wood, having a head armed
with a steel point, with a cross-piece of steel.
HAL-BER-DIeR' n. One whojs armed with a halberd.
*HAL'CYON, (hjil'shun) n. [L. halcyon.] The name an-
ciently given to the king-fisher, otherwise called alcedo ;
a bird that was said to lay her eggs in nests, on rocks near
the sea, during the calm weather about the winter sol-
stice.
* HAL'CYON, a. Calm ; quiet ; peaceful ; undisturbed ; hap-
py. Halcyon days were seven days before and as many
after the winter solstice, when the weather was calm.
Hence, by halcyon days are now understood days of peace
.ifid tranquillity, i
IIAL-CY-O'NI-AN, a. Halcyon; calm. Sheldon.
HALE, a. [Sax. /laL] Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not
impaired. See Hail.
t HALE, 71. Welfare. Spenser.
* HALE, (hawl) v. t. [Sw. hala ,- Fr. haler.] To pull or
draw with force ; to drag. This is now more generally
written and pronounced haul. See Haul.
HALF, (haf) n. ; plu. Halves, (havz). [Sax. h alf, or he alf.]
One equal part of a thing which is divided into two
parts ; a moiety.
HALF, (haf) v. t. To divide into halves. See Halve.
HALF, adv. In part, or in an equal part or degree.
HALF'-BLoOD, n. Relation between persons born of the
same father or of the same mother, but not of both. The
word is sometimes used as an adjective.
HALF'-BL60D-ED, a. 1. Mean ; degenerate ; \little used ]
2. Proceeding from a male and female, each of full blood,
but of different breeds.
HALF'-BRED, a. Mixed ; mongrel ; mean.
HALF'-€AP, n. A cap not wholly put on.
HALI''-DEAD, a. Almost dead ; nearly exhausted.
jHALF'EN, a._ Wanting half its due qualities. Spenser.
j- HALF'EN-DeAL, adv. [Teut. halfdeel.] Nearly half.
Spenser.
HALF'ER, n. One that possesses half only. 2. A male fal-
low deer gelded.
HALF'-FaCED, a. Showing only part of the face,
HALF'-HATCHED, a. Imperfectly hatched.
HALF'-HE ARD, a. Imperfectly heard ; not heard to the end.
HALF'-LEARNED, a. Imperfectly learned. South.
HALF'-LOST, a. Nearly lost. Milton.
HALF'-MARK, n. A coin ; a noble, or 6s. 8d. sterling.
HALF'-MOON, n. 1. The moon at the quarters, when
half its disk appears illuminated. 2. Any thing in the
shape of a half moon. — In fortification, an outwork com-
posed of two faces, forming a salient angle, whose gorge is
in the form of a crescent or half-moon.
HALF'-PART, n. An equal part. Shak.
HALF'-PaY, n. Half the amount of wages or salary ; as,
an officer retires on half-pay
HALF'-PaY, a. Receiving or entitled to half-pay.
* HALF'-PEN-NY, (hap'pen-ny, or ha'pen-ny)n. A copper
coin of the value of half a penny ; also, the value of half
a penny. It is used in the plural.
* HALF'-PEN-NY, a. Of the price or value of half a penny.
*HALF'-PEN-NY- Worth, n. The value of a half-penny-
HALF'-PlKE, n. 1. A small pike carried by officers. 2.
A smallpike used in boarding ships. Mar. Diet.
HALF'-PiNT, n. The half of a pint or fourth of a quart
Pope.
HALF'-SEAD, a. Superficially informed by reading. Dry-
den.
HALI^'-S€HOL-AR, n. One imperfectly learned.
HALF'-SeAS o'VER. a low expression denoting half-
drunk.
HALF'-SiGHT'ED, a. Seeing imperfectly ; having weak
discernment. Bacon.
HALF'-SPHeRE, n. A hemisphere. B. Jonson.
HALF'-STARVED, a. Almost stai-ved.
HALF'-STRaINED, a. Half-bred ; imperfect.
HALF'-SWoRD, n. Within half the length of a sword ;
close fight. Shak.
HALF'- WAY, adv. In the middle ; at half the distance.
HALF'-WaY, a. Equally distant from the extremes ; as, a
half-way house.
HALF'-y/IT, n. A foolish person ; a dolt ; a blockhead.
HALF'-WIT-TED, a. Weak in intellect ; silly ; foolish.
HAL'I-BUT, n. A fish of the genus pleuronectes.
t HAL'I-DOM, n. [Sax. haligdome.] Adjuration by what
is holy. Spenser.
HAL'I-MASS, n. [Sax. halig, and mass.] The feast of All-
Souls.
HAL'ING. See Hauling.
t HA-LIT'U-OUS, a. [L. halitus.] Like breath ; vaporous.
Boyle.
HALL, n. [Sax. heal.] 1. In architecture, a large room at
the entrance of a house or palace. 2. An edifice in which
courts of justice are held ; as, Westminster Hall. 3. A
manor-house, in which courts were formerly held. 4. A
college, or large edifice belonging to a collegiate institu-
tion. 5. A room for a corporation or public assembly ; as,
a town-hall. 6. A collegiate body in the universities of
Oxford and Cambridge.
HAL-LE-Lti'JAH, ) ,, , , , , ( n. [Heb. m )h^r\ praise
HAL-LE-LtJ'IAH, \ Mial-le-lu'ya) | j^ j^^ ^^ Jehovah ;
improperly written hallelujah.] IPraise ye Jehovah ; give
praise to God ; a word used in songs of praise,' as a noun,
or as an exclamation.
t HAL-LE-LU-JAT'IC, a. Denoting a song of thanksgiv-
ing.
HAL'LIARD, (hal'yard) n. A rope or tackle for hoisting or
lowering a sail. Mar. Diet.
HAL'LI-ER, m. A kind of net for catbhing birds.
* HAL'LOO, V. i. [This seems to belong to the family of
call ; Fr. haler.] To cry out ; to exclaim with a loud
voice ; to call to by name, or by the word halloo. Sidney.
HAL-LOO', V. t. 1. To encourage with shouts. 2. To
chase with shouts. 3. To call or shout to
HAL-LOO', an exclamation, used as a call to invite atten-
tion.
HAL'LOO-ING, ppr. Crying out; as a noun, a loud out-
cry.
* See Synopsis M5VE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this.
Obsolete
HAM
396
HAN
HAL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. haligan, or halgian.] 1. To make
holy ; to consecrate ; to set apart for holy or religious use.
2. To devote to holy or religious exercises ; to treat as sa-
cred. _ 3. To reverence ; to honor as sacred.
HAL'LoWED, fp. Consecrated to a sacred use, or to re-
ligious exercises ; treated as sacred ; reverenced.
HAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Setting apart for sacred purposes ;
consecrating devoting to religious exercises ; reverenc-
ing.
HAL'LoW-MAS, n. The feast of All-Souls.
t HAL-LU'CI-NATE, v. i. [L. hallucinatus ] To stumble ;
to blunder.
HAL-LU-CI-Na'TION, n. [L. hallucinatio.] 1. Error ;
blunder ; mistake. Addison. — 2. In medicine, faulty sense
[dysmsthesia] or erroneous imagination.
HALM, (hawm) n. [Sax. healm.] See Haum.
Ha'LO, n. A circle appearing round the body of the sun,
moon or stars, called also corona, or crown.
HA'LOW, or HE'LOW, a. Shy ; awkward ; bashful.
Grose.
fHALSE, n. [Sax. hals.] The neck or throat. Chaucer.
f HALSE, (hals) v. i. To embrace about the neck ; to ad-
jure ; to greet.
t HAL'SEN-ING, a. Sounding harshly in the throat or
tongue. Careic.
HALS'ER, (hawz'er) n. A large rope of a size between the
cable and the tow-line. See Hawser.
HALT, V. i. [Sax. healt.] 1. To stop in walking ; to hold.
2. To limp 5 that is, to stop with lameness. 3. To hesi-
tate ; to stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do.
4. To fail ; to falter.
HALT, V. t. To stop ; to cause to cease marching ; a mili-
tary term. Waskington.
HALT, a. [Sax. healt.] Lame ; that is, holding or stopping
in walking.
HALT, n. 1. A stopping ; a stop in marching. 2. The act
of limping.
HALT'ER, n. One who halts or limps.
HALT'ER, 71. [G. halter.'] 1. A rope or strap and head-
stall for leading or confining a horse. 2. A rope for hang-
ing malefactors. 3. A strong cord or string.
HALT'ER, V. t. To put a halter on. 2. To catch and hold,
or to bind with a rope or cord.
HALT'ING, ppr. Stopping ; limping.
HALT'ING-LY, adv. With limping ; slowly.
HALVE, (hav) v. t. [from half.] To divide into two equal
parts.
HALVED, a. In botany, hemispherical ; covering one side ;
placed on one side.
HALVES, (havz) n.; phi. of half. Two equal parts of a
thing. — To cry halves., is to claim an equal share. — To go
haloes, is to have an equal share.
HAM [Sax. ham, a house] is our modern word home, [G.
heim.] It is used in hamlet, and in the names of places, as
in Walt-ham, wood-house, wait, a wood, and ham, a
house.
HAM, 71. [Sax. ham.] 1. The inner or hind part of the
knee ; the inner angle of the joint which unites the thigh
and the leg of an animal. 2. The thigh of a beast, partic-
ularly of a hog, salted and dried in smoke.
HAM'A-DRY-AD, n. [Gr. apia and ^prj.] A wood nymph.
Spectator.
HAM'ATE, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked ; entangled.
HAM'A-TED, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked or set with hooks.
Swift.
t HAM'BLE, V. t. [Sax. hamelan.] To hamstring.
HAME, 71.,- phi. Hames. [G. kummet.] A kind of collar for
a draught horse.
HAM'ITE, 77. The fossil remains of a curved shell.
HAM'LET, n. [Sax. ham ; Fr. hameau.] A small village ;
a little cluster of houses in the country.
HAM'LET-ED, a. Accustomed to a hamlet, or to a country
life. Feltham.
HAM'MER, 7!. [Sax. hamer.] An instrument for driving
nails, beating metals, and the like.
HAM'MER, V. t. 1. To beat with a hammer. 2. To form
or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. 3. To
work in the mind ; to contrive by intellectual labor.
HAM'MER, V. i. I. To work ; to be busy ; to labor in con-
trivance. 2. To be working or in agitation.
HAM'MER-A-BLE, a. That may be shaped by a hammer.
Sherwood.
HAMMER-GLOTH, 71. The cloth which covers a coach-
box. Pegge.
HAM'MERED, pp. Beaten with a hammer.
HAM'MER-ER, 71. One who works with a hammer.
HAM'MER-HARD, 71. Iron or steel hardened by hammer-
ing. Moxon.
HaM'MER-ING, ppr. Beating with a hammer; working ;
contriving.
HAM'MER-MAN, n. One who beats or works with a ham-
mer.
HA]\I'MER-W6RT, 71. An herb. Todd.
HAM'MITE. See Ammite.
HAM'MOe, 71, [Sp. ftaTBflca.] A kind of hanging bed, sus,
pended between trees or posts, or by hooks.
HAM'OUS, [L. Immus.] Hooked ; having the end hooked
or curved ; a term of botany.
HAM'PER, 71. [contracted from hanaper.] 1. A large bas-
ket Ibr conveying things to market, &c. 2. Fetters, or
some instmment that shackles.
HAM'PER, 75. t. 1. To shackle ; to entangle ; hence, to
impede in motion or progress, or to render progress diffi-
cult. Tillotson. 2. To insnare ; to inveigle ; to catch with
allurements. 3. To tangle ; to render complicated. 4.
To perplex ; to embarrass.
HAM'PERED, pp. Shackled ; entangled ; insnared ; per-
plexed.
HAMTER-ING, ppr. Shackling ; entangling ; perplexing.
HAM'STER, 71. [G. hamster.] A species of rat.
HAM'STRING, 71. The tendons of the ham. Wiseman.
HAM'STRING, v. t.; pret. and pp. hamstrung, ox hamstring-
ed. To cut the tendons of the ham, and thus to lame or
disable.
HAN, for have, in the plural. Spenser.
HAN'A-PER, 71. [Norm, hanap.] The hanaper was a kind
of basket used in early days by the kings of England, for
holding and carrying with them their money, as they
journeyed from place to place.
t HANCE, HAUNCE, for enhance. See Enhance.
HAN'CES, 77. phi. [L. ansa.] 1. In architecture, the ends
of elliptical arches. — 2. In a ship, falls of the fife-rails
placed on balusters on the poop and quarter-deck down to
the gangway.
HAND, n. [Sax. hand, hond ; G. and D. hand.] 1. In man^
the extremity of the arm, consisting of the palm and fin-
gers, connected with the arm at the wrist. — 2. In falcon-
ry, the foot of a hawk ; and, in the manege, the fore-foot
of a horse. 3. A measure of four inches ; a palm. 4.
Side ; part ; right or left ; as, on the one hand or the other.
5. Act ; deed ; performance ; external action ; that is, the
effect for the cause, the hand being the instrument of ac-
tion. 6. Power of performance ; skill. 7. Power of
making or producing. 8. Manner of acting or perform-
ance. 9. Agency ; part in performing or executing. 10.
Conveyance ; agency in transmitting. 11. Possession ;
power. 12. The cards held at a game ; hence, a game.
13. That which performs the office of the hand nr of a
finger in pointing. 14. A person ; an agent ; a man em-
ployed in agency or sei-vice. 15. Form of writing ; style
of penmanship. 16. Agency; service; ministry.
At hand. 1. Near ; either jpresent and within reach, or not
far distant. 2. Near in time ; not distant. — Li hand. 1.
present payment ; in respect to the receiver. 2. Ln a
state of execution, — Gn hand. 1. In present possession.
2. Under one's care or management. — Of)' hand, without
delay, hesitation or difficulty ; immediately ; dextrously;
without previous preparation. — Otit of hand, ready pay-
ment ; with regard to the payer. — To fiis hand, to my hand.
Sec, in readiness ; already prepared ; ready to be receiv-
ed. — Under his hand, under her hand, &c., with the proper
writing or signature of the name, — Hand over head, negli-
gently ; rashly ; without seeing what one does. Bacon. —
Hand over Jmnd, by passing the hands alternately one be-
fore or above another, as to climb hand over hand ; also,
rapidly, as to come up with a chase hand over hand ; used
by seamen. Mar. Diet. — Hand to hand, in close union ;
close fight. — Hand in hand, in union ; conjointly ; united-
ly, — Tu join hand in hand, is to unite efforts and act in con-
cert. — Hand in hand, fit ; pat ; suitable. — Hand to mouth.
To live from -hand to mouth, is to obtain food and other
necessaries as want requires. — To bear a hand, to hasten ;
a seaman's phrase. — To be liand and glove, to be intimate
and familiar. — To set the hand to, to engage in ; to under-
take. — To take in hand, to attempt; to undertake. — To
have a hand in, to be concerned in ; to have a part or con-
cern in doing ; to have an agency in. — To put the last
hand or finishing hand to, to complete; to perfect, — To
change hands, to change sid«s ; to shift, — A heavy hand,
severity or oppression, — A light hand, gentleness ; moder-
ation, — A strict hand, severe discipline ; rigorous govern-
ment, — Hands off, a vulgar phrase for keep off, forbear, —
To wash the hands, to profess innocence. — To kiss the hand,
imports adoration,-^ To lean on the hand, imports familiar-
ity. — To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become
surety for another's debt or good behavior. — Putting the
hand under the thigh was an ancient ceremony used in
swearing. — To give the hand, is to make a covenant with
one, or to unite with him in design. — Clean hands de-
notes innocence and a blameless and holy life. Ps. xxiv.
— A slack hand denotes idleness ; carelessness ; sloth. —
The right hand denotes power; strength.
HAND, V. t. 1. To give or transmit .with the hand. 2. To
lead, guide and lift with the hand ; to conduct. 3. To
manage. 4. To seize ; to lay hands on ; [not used.] — 5.
In seamanship, to furl; to wrap or roll a sail close to the
yard, stay or mast, and fasten it with gaskets. — To hand
* See Synopsis. A E I O, tj, ■?, long.— FKTi, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BtRD ;— t Obsolete.
HAN
397
HAN
down, to tremsmit in succession, as from fatlier to son, or
from predecessor to successor.
I HAND, V. i. To go hand in liand ; to cooperate with.
HAND'BALLjW. An ancient game with a ball.
HAND'BAR-RoW, n. A barrow or vehicle borne by the
hands of men and without a wheel.
HAND'BASK-ET, n. A small or portable basket.
IIAND'BELL, n. A small bell rung by the hand ; a table
bell. Bacon.
HAND'BoW, n. A bow managed by the hand.
HAND'BREADTH, ?i, A space equal to the breadth of the
hand ; a palm. Ex. xxv.
HAND'€LOTH, n. A handkerchief.
HAND'€UFF, n. [Sax. handccpscl A manacle, consisting
of iron rings for the wrists.
HAND'eUFF, V. t. To manacle ; to confine the hands with
handcuffs.
HAND'CRAFT, n. Work performed by the hands ; usually
written handicraft.
HAND'ED, pp. Given or transmitted by the hands ; conduct-
ed; furled.
HAND'ED, a. 1. With hands joined. Milton.— % In com-
position, as right-handed, most dextrous or strong with the
right hand. — Left-handed, having the left hand most strong
and convenient for principal use.
HAND'ER, n. One who hands or transmits.
t HAND'FAST, n. Hold ; custody ; power of confining or
keeping.
t HAND'FXST, a. Fast by contract ; firm.
I HAND'FAST, 1). *, [B&x.handfaistan.'l To pledge ; to be-
troth ; to bind ; to join solemnly by the hand.
fHAND'FAST-ING, n. A kind of betrothing, or marriage
contract.
HAND'-FET-TER, n. A fetter for the hand ; a manacle.
HAND'FUL, n. 1. As much as the ha ad will grasp or con-
tain. 2. As much as the arms will embrace. 3. A palm ;
four inches ; [o&5.] 4. A small quantity or number. 5.
As much as can be done ; full employment.
HAND'GAL-LOP, n. A slow and easy gallop, in which
the hand presses the bridle to hinder increase of speed.
HAND'GLASS, n. In gardening, a glass Tised for placing
over, protecting and forwarding various plants, in win-
ter.
HAND-GRE-NaDE', n. A grenade to be thrown by the
hand.
HAr<fD'GUN, n. A gun to be used by the hand.
HAND'I-CRAFT, n. [Sax. handcrceft.] 1. Manual occu-
pation ; work performed by the hand. 2. A man who
obtains his living by manual labor; one skilled in some
mechanical art.
HAND'I-€RAFTS-MAN, n. A man skilled or employed in
manual occupation ; a manufacturer.
HAND'I-LY, adv. 1. With dexterity or skill ; dextrously ;
adroitly. 2. With ease or convenience.
HAND'I-NESS, n. The ease of performance derived from
practice ; dexterity ; adroitness. Chesterfield.
HAND'I-WoRK, 71. [for hand-work.] 1. Work of the
hands ; product of manual labor ; manufacture. 2. Work
performed by power and wisdom.
HAND'KER-CHIeF, n. [hand and kerchief.] 1. A piece
of cloth, usually silk or linen, carried about the person
for the pm-pose of cleaning the face or hands, as occasion
requires. 2. A piece of cloth to be worn about the neck,
and sometimes called a neckerchief.
fHAND'LAN-GUAGE, n. The art of conversing by the
hands.
HAN'DLE, v. t. [G. handeln.] 1. To touch ; to feel with
the hand ; to us^ or hold with the hand. 2. To manage ;
to use ; to wield. 3. To make familiar by frequent touch-
ing. 4. To treat; to discourse on ; to discuss ; to use or
manage in writing or speaking. 5. To use ; to deal with ;
to practice. 6. To treat ; to use well or ill. 7. To man-
age ; to practice on ; to transact with.
HAN'DLE, n. [Sax.; qu. L. ansa.] 1. That part of a ves-
sel or instrument which is held in the hand when used,
as the haft of a sword. 2. That of which use is made ;
the instrument of effecting a purpose.
HAN'DLE- A-BLE, a. That may be handled. Sherwood.
HA]ND'LEAD, n. A lead for sounding.
HAN'DLED, pp. Touched; treated; managed.
HAND'LESS, a. Without a hand. Shak.
HAND'LING, ppr. Touching; feeling; treating; man-
aging.
HAND'MAID ) n. A maid that warts at hand ; a fe-
HAND'MAID-EN, \ male servant or attendant.
HAND'MILL, n. A mill moved by the hand. Dryden.
HAND'SaILS, n. Sails managed by the hand.
HAND'SAW, 71. A saw to be u^ed with the hand.
HAND'S€REW, n. An engine for raising heavy timbers
or weights ; a jack.
HAND'SEL, n. [Dan. handsel.] 1. The first act of using
any thing ; the first sale. 2. An earnest ; money for the
first sale ; [little used.] Hooker.
HAND'SEL, V t. To use or do any thing the first time.
HAND'S6ME, (han'sum) a. [D. handzaam.] 1. Properly, Hex
trous ; ready; convenient. [See Handy.] 2. Moderately
beautiful, as the person or other thing ; well made ; having
symmetry of parts ; well formed. It expresses less than
beautiful or elegant. 3. Graceful in manner ; marked with
propriety and ease. 4. Ample ; large. 5. Neat ; correct ;
moderately elegant. 6. Liberal ; generous.
HAND'SoME, as a verb, to render neat or beautiful, is not
an authorized word. Donne.
HAND'S6ME-LY, adv. 1. Dextrously; cleverly; with
skill. 2. Gracefully ; with propriety and ease. 3. Neat-
ly ; with due symmetry or proportions. 4. With a de-
gree of beauty. 5. Amply; generously; liberally.
HAND'SoME-NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of beauty
or elegance. 2. Grace ; gracefulness ; ease and propriety
in manner.
HAND'SPiKE, 71. A wooden bar, used with the hand as a
lever, for various purposes.
HAND'STAFF, n. A javelin ; plu. Handstaves.
HAND'VlSE, 71. A vise used by hand.
HAND'WEAP-ON, 7i. Any weapon to be wielded by the
hand. JVumb. xxxv.
HAND'WoRK, 71. The same as handiwork.
HAND'WoRKED, a. Made with hands.
HAND'WRlT-ING, 7i. 1. The cast or form of writing pe-
culiar to each hand or person. 2. Any writing.
Hv^ND'Y, a. [D. handig.] I. Performed by the hand;
[obs.] 2. Dextrous ; ready ; adroit ; skilled to use the
hands with ease in performance. 3. Ingenious ; perform-
ing with skill and readiness. 4. Ready to the hand ;
near. 5. Convenient ; suited to the use of the hand. 6.
Near ; that may be used without difficulty or going to a
distance.
HAND'Y-BLoW, 7i. A blow with the hand.
HAND Y-DAN-DY, 7i. A play in which children cliange
hands and places. Shak.
HAND'Y-GRIPE, 7i. Seizure by the hand. Hudibras.
HAND'Y-STROKE, ?i. A blow inflicted by the hand.
HANG, V. t.j pret. and pp. hanged, or hung. [Sax. hangan,] 1.
To suspend ; to fasten to some fixed object above, in such a
manner as toswingormove. 2. To put to death by suspend-
ing by the neck. 3. To place without any solid support
or foundation. 4. To fix in ^uch a manner as to be mov-
able. 5. To cover or furnish by any thing suspended or
fastened to the walls. Dryden. — To hang out. 1. To sus-
pend in open view ; to display ; to exhibit to notice. 2.
To hang abroad ; to susjjend in the open air. — To hang
over, to jsroject or cause to project above. — To hang down,
to let fall below the proper situation ; to bend down ; to
decline. — To hang up. I. To suspend ; to place on some-
thing fixed on high. 2. To suspend ; to keep or suffer to
remain undecided.
HANG, V. i. 1. To be suspended ; to be sustained by some-
thing above, so as to swing or be movable below. 2. To
dangle ; to be loose and flowing below. 3. To bend for-
ward or downward ; to lean or incline. 4. To float ; to
play. 5. To|be supported by something raised above the
ground. 6. To depend ; to rest on something for support.
7. To rest on by embracing ; to cling to. 8. To hover ;
to impend ; with over. 9. To be delayed ; to linger. 10.
To incline ; to have a steep declivity. 11. To be execut-
ed by the halter. — To hang on. 1. To adhere to, often as
something troublesome and unwelcome. 2. To adhere
obstinately ; to be importunate. 3. To rest ; to reside ; to
continue. 4. To be dependent on. — 5. In seamen^s lan-
guage, to hold fast without belaying ; to pull forcibly.^
To hang in doubt, to be in suspense, or in a state of uncer-
tainty. — To hang together. 1. To be closely united ; to
cling. 2. To be just united, so as barely to hold together.
Shak, — To hang on or upon, to drag; to be incommo-
diously joined. — To hang to, to adhere closely ; to cling.
HANG, 7!_. A sharp declivity. [Colloquial.]
HANG'BY, n. A dependent, in contempt. Ray.
HANGED, pp. Suspended ; put to death by being suspend-
ed by the neck.
HANG'ER, 71. 1. That by which a thing is suspended. 2.
A short broad sword, incurvated towards the point. 3.
One that hangs, or causes to be hanged.
HANG'ER-ON, n. 1. One who besets another importunate-
ly in soliciting favors. 2. A dependent ; one who eats
and drinks without payment.
HANG'ING, ppr. 1. Suspending to something above. 2
Being suspended ; dangling ; swinging. 3. a. Foreboding
death by the halter. 4. Requiring punishment by the
halter.
HANG'ING, n. 1. Any kind of drapery hung or tasteneo to
the walls of a room, by way of ornament. 2. Death by
the halter. 3. Display ; exhibition.
fHANG'ING-SLEEVE.?, n. Strips of the same stuff with
the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders.
HANG'TNG-SIDE, n. In mining, the overhanging side of
an inclined or hading vein. Cyc.
HANG'MAN, n. One who hangs another; a public execu-
tioner ; also, a term of reproach.
» See Synopsk MOVE, BOOK , DoVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE — € as K j 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as :.-i this, t Obsolete
HAR
398
HAR
HANG'NEST, 71. The name of certain species of birds.
HANK, 71. [Dan. hank.] 1. A skain of thread ; as much
thread as is tied together ; a tie.— 2. In ships, a wooden
ring fixed to a stay, to confine tlie stay-sails ; used in the
place of a grommet. 3. A rope or withy for fastening a
gate ; \local.]
HANK, ?>. f. To form into hanks.
H ANK'ER, V. i. [D. hunkeren.] 1. To long for with a keen
appetite and uneasiness 2. To have a vehement desire
of something, accompanied with uneasiness.
HANK'ER-INGj^'i'r. Longing for with keen appetite or ar-
dent desire.
HANK'ER-ING, ir. A keen appetite that causes uneasiness
till it is gratified ; vehement desire to possess or enjoy.
t HAN^'KLE, v.t.' [See Hank.] To twist.
HA'NT. A contraction of have not, or has not.
HANSE TOWNS. Hanse signifies a society ; Goth, hansa,
a multitude. The Hanse towns, in Ger/Hanj/, were cer-
tain commercial cities which associated for the p- -->»ction
of commerce, as early as the twelfth century.
HAN-SE-AT'I€, a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns.
HAP, 71. [W. hap, or hab.] 1.' That which comes suddenly
or unexpectedly ; chance ; fortune ; accident 3 casual
event. 2. Misfortune ; [obsolescent.]
t HAP, V. i. To happen ; to befall ; to come by chance.
HAP )
HAP'PIN "• A J^"g 3 a coarse coverlet.
HAP-HAZ'ARD, 71. [See Hazard.] Chance; accident.
HAP'LESS, a. Luckless ; unfortunate ; unlucky ; unhappy.
Drvden.
HAP'LY, adv. 1. By chance ; perhaps; it may be. 2. By
accident ; casuallv. Milteii.
HAP'PEN, (hap'u)" v. i. [W. hapiaw.] 1. To come by
chance ; to come without one's previous expectation ; to
fall out. 2. To come ; to befall. 3. To light ; to fall or
come unexpectedly.
HAP'PEN, or HAPTENS, adv. Possibly ; perhaps. J^Torth
of England.
HAP'PI-LY, adv. 1. By good fortune ; fortunately ; luckily;
with success. 2. In a happy state ; in a state of felicity.
3. With address or dexterity ; gracefully ; in a manner to
insure success. 4. By chance. See Haply.
HaP'PI-NESS, 71. 1. The agreeable sensations which spring
from the enjoyment of good ; that state of a being in
which his desires are gratified ; felicity ; but happiness
usually expresses less than /eZicij?,/, and felicity less than
bliss. 2. Good luck ; good fortune. 3. Fortuitous ele-
gance ; unstudied grace.
HAP PI-FY-ING, part. a. Making happy. [Unauthorized.]
HAPPY, a. [from hap : W. hapits.] 1. Lucky ; fortunate ;
successful. 2. Being in the enjoyment of agreeable sen-
sations from the possession of good ; enjoying pleasure
from the gratification of appetites or desires. 3. Prosper-
ous ; having secure possession of good. 4. That supplies
pleasure; that furnishes enjoyment; agreeable. 5. Dex-
trous ; ready ; able. 6. Blessed ; enjoying the presence
and favor of God, in a future life. 7. Harmonious ; living
in concord ; enjoying the pleasures of friendship. 8. Pro-
pitious ; favorable. Shak.
*HA-RANGUE-, (ha-rang', or har'ang) n. [Fr. harangue.]
1. A speech addressed to an assembly or an army ; a pop-
ular oration ; a public address. 2. Declamation ; a noisy,
pompous or irregular address.
HA-RANGUE', (ha-rang') v. i. To make an address or
speech to a large assembly ; to make a noisy speech.
HA-RANGUE', (ha-rang') v. t. To address by oration ; as,
the general harangued the troops.
HA-RANGU'ER, (ha-rang'er) ??. An orator; one who ad-
dresses an assembly or ai-my ; a noisy declaimer.
HA-RANGU'ING, ^;;r. Declaiming; addressing with noisy
eloquence.
HAR' ASS, V. t. [Fr. harasscr.] I. To weary ; to fatigue to
excess ; to tire with bodily labor. 2. To weary with im-
portunity, care, or perplexity ; to tease ; to perplex. 3.
To waste or desolate ; [ohs.]
HAR'ASS, 71. Waste ; disturbance ; devastation.
HAR'ASSED, pp. Wearied ; tired ; teased.
HAR'ASS-ER, 7;. One who harasses or teases ; a spoiler.
HAR'ASS-ING, ppr. Tiring ; fatiguing ; teasing.
HS.RBIN-GER, 71. 1. In England, an officer of the king's
household, who rides a day's journey before the court
when traveling, to provide lodgings and other accommo-
dations. 2. A forerunner ; a precursor ; that which pre-
cedes and gives notice of the expected arrival of some-
thing else.
HARBOR, 71. [Sax. here-lerga ; D. herherg ,- Dan., Sw., G.
herberge.] 1. A lodging ; a place of entertainment and
lest. 2. A port or haven for ships. 3. An asylum ; a
shelter ; a place of safety from storms or danger.
H&R'BOR, V. t. 1. To shelter ; to secure ; to secrete. 2, To
entertain ; to permit to lodge, rest or reside. -
H'^R BOR, V. i. 1. To lodge or abide for a time ; to receive
entertainment. 2. To take shelter.
f H^R'BOR-AGE, n. Shelter ; entertainment. Shak.
HAR'BORED, pp. Entertamed ; sheltered.
HAR'BOR-ER, n. One who entertains or shelters another.
HAR'BOR-ING, ppr. Entertaining; sheltering.
HaR'BOR-LESS, a. Without a harbor ; destitute of shelter
or a lodging.
HaR'BOR-MAS-TER, n An officer who has charge of the
mooring of ships, and executes the regulations respecting
harbors. J\'*e?o York.
t HAR'BOR-OUGH, V. t. To receive into lodging. Huloct.
t HaR'BOR-OUGH, n. A harbor or lodging.
t HaR'BOR-OUS, a. Heritable.
HARD, a. [Sax. heard.] 1. Firm ; solid ; compact ; not
easily penetrated, or separated iiito parts ; not yielding to
pressure. 2. Difficult ; not easy to the intellect. 3. Diffi-
cult of accomplishment ; not easy to be done or executed.
4. Full of difficulties or obstacles ; not easy to be travel
ed. 5. Painful ; difficult ; distressing. 6. Laborious ; fa-
tiguing ; attended with difficulty or pain, or both. 7. Op-
pressive ; rigorous ; severe ; cruel. 8. Unfeeling ; insensi-
ble ; not easily moved by pity ; not susceptible of Tender af-
fections. 9. Severe ; harsh ; rough ; abusive. 10 Unfavor-
able ; unkind ;, implying blame of another. ' ... Sev«re ;
rigorous ; oppressive. 12. Unreasonable ; unjust. 13.
Severe ; pinching with cold ; rigorous ; tempestuous. 14.
Powerful : forcible ; urging ; pressing close on. 15. Aus-
tere ; rough ; acid ; sour; as liquoi"S. 16. Harsh ; stiff;
forced ; constrained ; unnatural. 17. Not plentiful ; not
prosperous ; pressing ; distressing. 18. Avaricious ; diffi-
cult in making bargains ; close. 19. Rough ; of coarse
features. 20. Austere ; severe ; rigorous. 21. Rude ; un-
polished or unintelligible. 22. Coarse ; unpalatable or
scanty.
HARD, adv. 1. Close ; near ; as in the phrase, hard by. 2.
With pressure ; v/ith urgency ; hence, diligently ; labori-
ously ; earnestly; vehemently; importunately. 3. With
difficulty. 4. Uneasily ; vexatiously. 5. Closely. 6.
Fast ; nimbly ; rapidly ; vehemently. 7. Violently ;
with great force ; tempestuously. 8. With violence ;
with a copious descent of water. 9. With force. — Hard-
a-lce, in seamen's language, an order to put the helm
close to the lee side of the ship, to tack or keep her head
to the wind ; also, that situation of the helm.
HARD'-BE-SET'TING, a. Closely besetting or besieging.
Milton.
HARD'BOUND, a. Costive ; fast or tight. Pope.
HARD'EARNED, a. Earned with toil and difiiculty. Burke.
HARD'EN, (hav'dn) v.t. 1. To make hard or more hard ; to
make firm or compact ; to indurate. 2. To confirm in ef-
frontery ; to make unpudent. 3. To make obstinate, un-
yielding or refractory. 4. To confirm in wickedness, op-
position or enmity ; to make obdurate. 5. To make in-
sensible or unfeeling. 6. To make firm ; to endue with
constancy. 7. To inure ; to render firm or less liable to
injury, by exposure or use.
HARD'EN, (hiir'dn) v.l. 1. To become hard or more hard ;
to acquire solidity or more compactness. 2. To become
unfeeling. 3. To become inured. 4. To indmate, as
flesh.
HARD'ENED, pp. Made hard, or more hard or compact ;
made unfeeling ; made obstinate ; confirmed in error or
vice.
HARD'EN-ER, n. He or that which makes hard, or more
firm and compact.
HARD'EN-ING, ppr. Making hard or more compact ; mak-
ing obdurate or unfeeling ; confirming ; becoming more
hard.
HARD'EN-ING, n. The giving a greater degree of hardness
to bodies than they had before. Encyc.
HARD'Fa-VORED, a. Having coarse features ; harsh of
countenance. Dryden.
HARD'FA-VOR-ED-NteSS, 7!. Coarseness of features
HARD'FeAT-URED, a. Having coarse features.
HARD'FIST-ED, a. Close-fisted ; covetous. Hall.
HARD'FOUGHT', a. Vigorously contested.
HARD'GOT-TEN, a. Obtained with difficulty.
HARD'HAND-ED, a. Having hard hands, as a laborer.
HARD'HEAD, n. Clash or collision of heads in contest.
HARD-HEART'ED, a. Cruel ; pitiless ; merciless ; unfeel-
ing ; inhuman ; inexorable. Dryden.
HARD-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or tender-
ness ; cruelty ; inhumanity. South.
HARD'I-HOOD, 72. Boldness, united with firmness and con-
stancv ofniind ; dauntless braverv ; intrepidity.
HARD'i-LY, adv. 1. With great boldness ; stoutly. Scott
2. With hardship ; not tenderly. Goldsmith.
HARD'I-NESS, 7!. [Fr. hardiesse.] 1. Boldness ; firm cour-
age ; intrepidity ; stoutness ; bravery. 2. Firmness of
body derived from laborious exercises. 3. Hardship ; fa-
tigue ; [obs.] 4. Excess of confidence ; assurance ; ef-
fronterv.
HARD-La'BORED, a. Wrought with severe labor; elabo-
rate ; studied. Sicift.
HARD'LY, adr. 1. With difficulty ; with great labor. 2.
Scarcely ; barely ; almost not. Sojith. 3. Not quite or
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, "?, Zona-.— FAR, FALL WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD :
I Obsolete.
HAR
399
HAR
wholly. 4. Grudgingly, as an injury. 5. Severely ; un-
favorably. 6. Rigorously ; oppressively. 7. Unwelcomely j
harshly. 8. Coarsely ; roughly ; not softly.
IIARD'-MOUTHED, a. Not sensible to the bit ; not easily
governed. Dryden.
HARD'NESS, ?i. 1. Firmness ; close union of the component
parts ; compactness ; solidity ; the quality of bodies which
resists impression. 2. Difficulty to be understood. 3. Dif-
ficulty to be executed or accomplished. 4. Scarcity ; pen-
ury ; difficulty of obtaining money. 5. Obduracy ; im-
penitence ; confirmed state of wickedness. 6. Coarse-
ness of features ; harshness of look. 7. Severity of cold ;
rigor. 8. Cruelty of temper ; savageness ; harshness. 9.
Stiffness ; harshness ; roughness. 10. Closeness ; niggard-
liness ; stinginess. 11. Hardship ; severe labor, trials or
sufierings.
HARD'NIBBED, a Having a hard nib or point.
HAR'DOCK, n. Probably hoardock, dock with whitish
leaves. Shak.
HaRDS, 71. The refuse or coarse part of flax ; tow.
HaRD'SHIP, n. 1. Toil ; fatigue ; severe labor or want.
2. Injury ; oppression ; injustice.
HaRD'VIS-AGED, a. Having coarse features ; of a harsh
countenance. Bwke.
HARD'VVARE, n. Wares made of iron or other metal, as
pots, kettles, saws, knives, &c.
HARD'WARE-MAN, n. A maker or seller of hardwares.
HARD'Y, a. [Fr. liardi ; Norm, hardy.'] 1. Bold ; brave ;
stout 3 daring ; resolute ; intrepid. 2. Strom ; firm j com-
pact. 3. Confident ; full of assurance ; impudent ; stub-
born to excess. 4. Inured to fatigue ; rendered firm by
exercise, as a veteran soldier.
HAR, HARE, HERE, in composition, signify an army, Sax.
here, G. hcer, D. heir. So Harold is a general of an army.
HARE, n. [Sax. hara : Dan., Sw. hare.] 1. A quadruped
of the genus lepus, with long ears, a short taU, soft hair,
and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves by
leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity. 2. A constel-
lation.
f HARE, -a. t. [Norm, haver, harler.] To fright, or to ex-
cite, tease and harass, or worry. Locke.
HARE'BELL, n. A plant of the genus hyacinthus, with
campaniform or bell-shaped flowers.
HARE'BRaINED, a. [hare and brain.] Wild ; giddy 5 vol-
atile ; heedless. Bacon.
HARE'FOOT, n. A bird ; a plant. Ainsworth.
HARE'HEART-ED, a. Timorous ; easily frightened.
IIARE'HOUND, n. A hound for hunting hares.
HARE'HUNT-ER, n. One who hunts or is used to hunting
hares.
HARE'HUNT-ING, n. The hunting of hares.
HARE'LIP, n. A divided upper lip, like that of a hare
HARE'LIPPED, a. Having a harelip.
HARE'MINT, n. A plant. Mnsicorth.
HARE'PIPE, n. A snare for catching liares.
HARE'S'-eAR, n. A plant of the genus bupleurum.
HARE'S'-LET-TUCE, n. A plant of the genus sonchus.
HARE'WoRT, n. A plant.
HAR'EM, n. [Ar. harama.] A seraglio ; a place where
Eastern princes confine their women, who are prohibited
from the society of others.
HA-REN'GI-FORM, a. Shaped like a herring.
HARI-COT, n. [Fr.] 1. A kind of ragout of meat and
roots. — 2. In French, beans.
HAR'I-ER, ) n. A dog for hunting hares ; a kind of hound
HAR RI-ER, ) with an acute sense of smelling.
fHAR-I-O-LA'TION, n. [1.. haHolatio.] Soothsaying.
HA'RISH, a. Like a hare.
HARK, V. i. [contracted from hea7-ken.] To listen ; to lend
the ear. Shak.
HARL, or H^^RL, n. 1. The skin of flax 5 the filaments of
flax or hemp. 2. A filamentous substance. Mortimer.
HAR'LE-aUIN, n. [Fr. harlequin.] A buffoon, dressed in
party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, like a merry-an-
drew, to divert the populace.
HAR'LE-Q,UIN, v. i. To play the droll ; to make sport by
playing ludicrous tricks.
HAR'LOCK, n. A plant. Drayton.
HAR'LOT, 71. [W. herlawd, herlodes.] 1. A woman who
prostitutes her body for hire ; a prostitute ; a common wo-
man. — 2. In Scripture, one who forsakes the true God and
worships idols. 3. A servant ; a rogue ; a cheat ; [obs.]
Chaucer.
HAR'LOT, a. Wanton ; lewd ; low ; base. Shak.
HAR'LOT, V. i. To practice lewdness. Milton.
IJAR'LOT-RY, 71. The trade or practice of prostitution ;
habitual or customary lewdness. Dryden.
HARM, n. [Sax. hearm, or harm.] 1. Injury ; hurt ; dam-
age ; detriment. 2. Moral wrong ; evil ; mischief; wick-
edness.
HARM, V. t. To hurt ; to injure ; to damage ; to impair
soundness of body.
HAR-MAT'TAN, n. A dry easterly wind in Africa.
HARMED, pp. Injured ; hurt ; damaged.
HAR'MEL, n. The wild African rue.
HARM'FIJL, a. Hurtful ; injurious ; noxious ; detrimental
mischievous.
HARM'FUL-LY, adv. Hurtfully ; injuriously.
HARM'FIJL-NESS, n. Hurtfulness ; noxiousness
HARM'ING, ppr. Hurting ; injuring.
HARM'LESS, a. 1. Not hurtful or injurious ; innoxious. 2.
Unhurt ; undamaged ; uninjured. 3. Innocent ; not
guUty.
HARM'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Innocently ; without fault or
crime. 2. Without hurt or damage.
HARM'LESS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being innoxious ;
freedom from a tendency to injure. 2. Innocence.
HAR-MON'I€, or HAR-MON'I-CAL, a. 1. Relating to har-
mony or music. 2. Concordant ; musical ; consonant.
3. An epithet applied to the accessary sounds wiiich ac-
company the predominant and apparently simple tone of
any chord or string.
HAR-MON'I-CA, n. A collection of musical glasses of a par-
ticular form, so arranged as to produce exquisite music.
Encyc.
HAR-MON'I€S, n. 1. Harmonious sounds ; consonances.
2. The doctrine or science of musical sounds. 3. Deriva-
tive sounds, generated with predominant sounds, and pro-
duced by subordinate vibrations of a chord or string, when
its whole length' vibrates. 4. Grave harmonics aw low
sounds which accompany every perfect consonance of
two sounds.
HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Adapted to each other ; having the
parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical. 2. Con-
cordant ; consonant ; symphonious ; musical. 3. Agree-
ing ; living in peace and friendship.
HAR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With just adaptation and
proportion of parts to each other. 2. With accordance of
sounds ; musically 3 in concord. 3. In agreement ; in
peace and friendship.
HAR-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Proportion and adaptation
of parts 3 niusicalness. 2. Agreement 3 concord.
HAR'MO-NIST, 71. 1. A musician 3 a composer of music.
2. One who brings together corresponding passages, to
show their agreement.
HAR'MO-NlZE, v. i. 1. To be in concord ; to agree in
sounds. 2. To agree 3 to be in peace and friendship, as
individuals or families. 3. To agree in sense or purport.
HAR'MO-NiZE, v. t. 1. To adjust in fit proportions 3 to
cause to agree. 2. To make musical ; to combine accord-
ing to the laws of counterpoint.
HAR'MO-NlZED, pp. Made to be accordant.
HAR'MO-NlZ-ER, n. 1. One that brings together or recon-
ciles. — 2. In music, a practical harmonist.
HAR'MO-NlZ-ING, ppr. Causing to agree.
HAR-MO-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. a^piovia and jxerpov.] An
instrument or monochord for measurmg the harmonic re-
lations of sounds.
HAR'MO-NY, 71. [L. harmonia.] 1. The just adaptation of
parts to each other, in any system or composition of
things, intended to form a connected whole. 2. Just pro-
portion of sound 3 consonance 3 musical concord. 3. Con-
cord 3 agreement 3 accordance in facts. 4. Concord or
agreement 3 good correspondence 3 peace and friend-
ship.
HAR'MOST, 71. [Gr. apixoarnp.] In ancient Greece, a Spar-
tan governor, regulator or prefect. Mitfcrf'.
HAR'MO-TOME, n. [Gr. apixos.] In mineralogy, cross-
stone, or staurolite, called also pyramidical zeolite.
HAR'NESS, n. [W, harnaes ; Fr. harnois.] 1. Armor 3 tlie
whole accoutrements or equipments of a knight or horse-
man. 2. The furniture of a draught horse, whether for a
wagon, coach, gig, chaise, &c. 3 called, in som.e of the
.American states, tackle, or tackling.
HAR'NESS, V. 1. 1. To dress in armor 3 to equip with armor
for war, as a horseman. 2. To put on the furniture of a
horse for draught. 3. To defend 3 to equip or furnish for
defense.
HAR'NESSED, pp. Equipped with armor 3 furnished with
the dress for draught 5 defended.
HAR'NESS-ER, n. One who puts on the harness of a horse.
Sherwood.
HAR'NESS-ING, ppr. Putting on armor or furniture for
draught.
HARNS, 71. plu. Brains. Grose.
HARP, n. [Sax. hearpa ; G. harfe ; D. harp.] 1. An instru-
ment of music of tlie stringed kind, of a triangular figure,
held upright, and commonly touched with the fingers. .2.
A constellation.
HARP, V. i. 1. To play on the harp. 2. To dwell on, in
speaking or writing 3 to continue sounding. 3. To touch
as a passion 3 to affect. Shak.
HARP'ER, 71. A player on the harp.
HARP'ING, ppr. Playing on a harp ; dwelling on continu-
ally.
HARP'ING, 71. A continual dwelling on. Irving.
HARP'ING, n. ; plu. Harpings. In ships, harpings are the
* S$f Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; C'H as SH 3 THas in this, t Obsolete
HAR
400
HAT
fore-parts of the wales, which encompasa the bow of the
ship,
HARP'ING-IR-ON, n. A harpoon, which see.
HARP'IST, 11. A harper. Brown.
HAR-POON', 71. [Fr. harpon.'] A harping-iron ; a spear or
javeliQ, used to strike whales for killing them.
HAR-POON', v.t. To strike, catch or kill with a harpoon.
HAR-POON'ED, (har-poond') pp. Struck, caught or killed
with a harpoon.
H AR-POON'ER, ) n. One who uses a harpoon ; the man in
HAR-PO-NEER', ) a whale-boat who throws the harpoon.
HAR-POON'ING, ppr. Striking with a harpoon.
HaRP'SI-GHORD, n. An instrument of music with strings
of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys.
HaR'PY, n. [Fr. harpie.] 1, In antiquity, the harpies were
fabulous winged monsters, having the face of a woman
and the body of a vulture, with their feet and fingers
armed with sharp claws. 2. Any rapacious or ravenous
animal ; an extortioner ; a plunderer.
HAR'aUE-BUSE. See Ar^uebuse.
IIAR-RA-TEEN', n. A kind of stiifi"or cloth. Shenstone.
HivRR, n. A storm proceeding from the sea. Coles.
HAR'RI-DAN, n. [Fr. haridelle.] A decayed strumpet.
HAR'RI-ER, n. A hunting hound with a nice sense of
smelling.
HAR'RoW, n. [Sw. harf.] An instrument of agriculture,
formed of pieces of timber sometimes crossing each other,
and set with iron teeth.
HAR'RoW, V. t. [Sw. harfva.] 1. To draw a harrow over,
for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface,
or for covering seed sown. 2. To break or tear with a
harrow. 3. To tear ; to lacerate ; to torment. 4. To pil-
lage ; to strip ; to lay waste by violence ; [ols.] 5. To
disturb ; to agitate ; [obs.] Shak.
HAR'RoW, inter j. [Old Fr. harau.^ An exclamation of sud-
den distress.
HAR'RoWED, pp. Broken or smoothed by a han-ow.
HAR'RoW-ER, n. 1. One who han-ows. 2. A hawk.
HAR'RoW-ING, ppr. Breaking or leveling with a harrow.
HAR'RY, V. t. [Sax. hergian.'] 1. To strip ; to pillage.
[See Harrow.] 2. To harass ; to agitate ; to tease.
f HAR'RY, V. i. To make harassiag incursions.
HJLRSH, a. [G, harscJi.] 1 . Rough to the touch ; rugged ; grat-
ing. 2. Sour ; rough to the taste. 3. Rough to the ear ; gi-at-
ing ; discordant ; jarring. 4. Austere ; crabbed ; morose ;
peevish. 5. Rough j rude; abusive. 6. Rigorous; severe.
HARSH'LY, adv. 1. Roughly ; in a harsh manner. 2.
Sourly ; austerely. 3. Severely ; morosely ; crabbedly.
4. Roughly ; rudely ; with violence. 5. Roughly ; with
a grating sound ; unpleasantly.
H&RSH'NESS, n. 1. Roughness to the touch. 2. Sourness ;
austereness. 3. Roughness to the ear. 4. Roughness
of temper ; moroseness ; crabbedness ; peevishness. 5.
Roughness in manner or words ; severity.
HARS'LET,orHAS'LET, 71, [Ice./iasZa. an.] The heart,
liver, lights, &c. of a hog.
HART, n. [Sax, heort.] A stag or male deer, an animal of
the cervine genus.
HART'BSEST, n. The cervine antelope of Africa.
HART'ROY-AL, n. A plant.
HARTS'HORN, n. The horn of the hart or male deer. The
scrapings or raspings of this horn are medicinal, and used
in decoctions, ptisans, &;c. — Hartshorn plantain, a species
of plantafTo.
HARTS'ToNGUE, n. A plant.
HART'WoRT, n. The name of certain plants.
HAR'US-PlCE, 71. [L. haruspez.] In Ruman history, a per-
son who pretended to foretell future events by insijecting
the entrails of beasts.
HA'RUM-S€A'RUM, a. A low expression applied to flighty
persons ; persons always in a hurry.
HAR'US-PI-CY, 71. Divination by the inspection of victims.
HAR'VEST, n. [Sax. hmrfest, harfest.] 1. The season of
reaping and gathering in com or other crops. 2. The
ripe corn or grain collected and secured in barns or stacks,
3. The product of labor ; fruit or fruits. 4, Frait or fruits ;
effects ; consequences. — 5, In Scripture, harvest signifies,
fiffuratively, the proper season for business,
HAR'VEST, V. t. To reap or gather ripe corn and other
fruits for the use of man and beast.
HAR'VEST-ED, pp. Reaped and collected, as ripe corn and
fruits
HAR'VEST- ER, n. A 'eaper .; a laborer in gathering grain.
HAR'VEST FL^, n. A large, fcir-winged insect of the ci-
cada kind , common in Italy, Encyc.
HAR'VEST -HOME, 71, 1. The time of harvest. 2, The song
sung by reapers at the feast made at the gathering of corn, or
the feast itself. 3, The opportunity of gathering treasure,
HAR'VEST-ING, ppr. Reaping and collecting, as ripe corn
and other fruits,
HAR'VEST-LORD, n. The head-reaper at the harvest.
HAR'VEST-MAN, n. A laborer in harvest,
HAR'VEST-dUEEN, n. An image representing Ceres,
formerly carried about on the last day of harvest.
HAS. The third person sigular of the verb have.
HASH, V. t. [Fr. hacher.] To chop mto small pieces ; lO
mince and mix. Oarth.
HASH, n. Minced meat, or a dish of meat and vegetables
chopped into small pieces and mixed.
t HASK, 71. A case made of rushes or flags. Spenser.
HASK, a. Parched ; coarse ; rough : dry. Grose.
HAS'LET, 71. See Harslet.
HASP, 71, [Sax, hmps.] 1. A clasp that passes over a staple
to be fastened by a padlock. 2. A spindle to wind thread
or silk on ; [local.]
HASP, V. t. To shut or fasten with a hasp. Oarth.
HAS'SOe, 71. [W. hesor.] A thick mat or bass on whicli
persons kneel in church.
HAST. The second person singular of have.
HaS'TATE, ) a. [L. hastatus.] In botany, spear-shaped ,
HAS'TA-TED, \ resembling the head of a halberd.
HASTE, n. [G., Sw., Dan. hast.] 1. Celerity of motion ,
speed ; swiftness ; dispatch ; expedition ; applied only to
voluntary beings, 2. Sudden excitement of passion. 3.
The state of being urged or pressed by business.
HASTE, (hast) 1 v. t. [G. hasten ,- D. haasten.] To press ;
HaS'TEN, (ha'sn) \ to drive or urge forward ; to push on ;
to precipitate ; to accelerate movement,
HASTE, ) V. i. To move with celerity ; to be rapid in mo-
HaS'TEN, \ tion ; to be speedy or quick.
HaST'ED, I pp. Moved rapidly ; accelerated ; urge^
HaS'TENED, \ with speed.
HaS'TEN-ER, n. One that hastens or urges forward.
HaST'ING, I ppr. Urging forward ; pushing on ; pro
HaS'TEN-ING, \ ceeding rapidly.
HaST'I-LY, adv. 1. In haste ; with speed or quickness ;
speedily : nimbly. 2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without
due reflection. 3. Passionately ; under sudden excite-
ment of passion.
HaST'I-NESS, 71. 1. Haste; speed; quickness or celerity
in motion or action, as of animals, 2. Rashness; heed-
less eagerness ; precipitation, 3. Irritability ; suscepti-
bility of anger, warmth or temper.
HAST'ING-PEaR, n. An early pear, Encyc.
HaST'INGS, n. Peas that come early. Mortimer.
HaST'IVE, a. [Fr. hcLtif.] Forward ; eariy ; as fmit, [J^ot
much used.] Encyc.
HaST'Y, a. 1. Q-uick ; speedy. 2. Eager ; precipitate ;
rasa. 3. Irritable ; easily excited to wrath ; passionate.
4. Early ripe ; forward.
HaST'Y-PUD-DING, n. A pudding made of the meal of
maize moistened with water and boiled, or of milk and
flour boiled,
HAT, 71, [Sax, hmt.] 1. A covering for the head. 2. The
dignity of a cardinal.
HAT'-BAND, n. A band round the crown of a hat,
HAT'-BOX, I n. A box for a hat. But a case for a lady's
HAT'-CASE, \ hat is called a band-box.
HaT'A-BLE, a. That may be hated ; odious.
HATCH, V. t. [G. hecken.] 1. To produce young from egga
by incubation, or by artificial heat. 2, To contrive or
plot ; to form by meditation, and bring into being ; to
originate and produce in silence.
HATCH, V. t. [Fr, hacher.] 1. To shade by lines in draw-
ing and engraving, Dryden. 2, To steep ; [obs.] Beaum.
HATCH, V. i. To produce young ; to bring the young to
maturity.
HATCH, n. 1. A brood ; as many chickens as are produced
at once. 2. The act of exclusion from the egg. 3. Dis-
closure ; discovery.
HATCH, or HATCH'ES, n. [Sax. haca.] 1. The grate or
frame of cross-bars laid over the opening in a ship's deck,
now called hatch-bars ,• the lid or cover of a hatchway.
2. The opening in a ship's deck, or the passage from one
deck to another. 3. A half-door, or door with an open-
ing over it, 4. Floodgates, — 5, In Cornwall, England,
openings into mines, or in bearch of them, — 5. To be un-
der the hatches, to be confined, or to be in distress, depres-
sion or slavery, Locke.
*HATCH'EL, (commonly pronounced, in America, hetch'el)
n. [G, hechel ; D, hekel.] An instrument formed with
long iron teeth set in a board, for cleaning flax or hemp.
Hx-ITCH'EL, V. t. 1, To draw flax or hemp through the teeth
of ahatchel, for separating the coarse part and broken pieces
of the stalk from the fine fibrous parts. 2. To tease or vex,
by sarcasms or reproaches ; a vulgar use of the word.
HATCH'ELED, pp. Cleansed by a hatchel ; combed,
HATCH'EL-ER, n. One who uses a hatchel.
HATCH'EL-ING, ppr. Drawing through the teeth of a
hatcbel,
HATCH'ET, 71. [G. hacke.] A small axe with a short han-
dle, to be used with one hand. — To take up the hatchet, a
phrase borrowed from the natives of America, is to make
war. — To Imry the hatchet, is to make peace,
HATCH'ET-FACE, n. A prominent face like the edge of a
hatchet, Dryden.
HATCH'E-TINE, n. A mineral substance.
HATCH'ING, 71. A kind of drawing. [See Etch.] Harris.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T. O. U t, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
HAV
401
HAY
HATCH'ftlENT, n. [corrupted from ttc/tie?;eme?ii.] An armo-
rial escutcheon on a hearse at funerals, or in a church.
HATCH'VVAY, n. In ships, a square or oblong opening in
the deck, affording a passage from one deck to another, or
into the hold or lower apartments.
HATE, V. t. [Sax. hatian.] 1. To dislike greatly ; to have a
great aversion to. — 2. In Scripture, it signifies to love less.
HATE, n. Great dislike or aversion ; hatred.
HaT'ED, pp. Greatly disliked.
HaTETUL, a. 1 Odious ; exciting great dislike, aversion
or disgust. 2. That feels hatred j malignant j malevo-
lent.
HaTE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Odiously ; with great dislike. 2.
Malignantly ; maliciously.
HaTE'FUL-NESS, 71. Odiousness ; the quality of being
hateful, or of exciting aversion or disgust.
HaT'ER, n. One that hates. Brown.
HaT'ING, ppr. Disliking extremely ; entertaining a great
aversion for.
Ha'TRED, n. Great dislike or aversion ; hate ; enmity.
HAT'TED, a. Covered with a hat ; wearuig a hat.
t HAT'TER, v. t. To harass. Dryden.
HAT'TER, 71. [from hat.] A maker of hats.
HAT'TLE, a. Wild ; skittish. Grose.
fHAT'TOe, 71. [Erse, attock.] A shock of corn.
t HAU'BERK, 71. A coat of mail without sleeves. See Ha-
BERGEON.
HAUGH, (haw) n. A little meadow lying in a valley.
fHAUGHT, (hawt) a. [qu. Fx. haut.] High j elevated 3
hence, proud ; insolent. Shak.
HAUGHT'I-LY, (hawte-ly) adv. Proudly j arrogantly 5
with contempt or disdain. Dryden.
HAUGHT'I-NESS, (haw'te-nes) n. The quality of being
haughty ; pride mingled with some degree of contempt
for others; arrogance.
HAUGHT'Y, (haw'ty) ft. [from /iatio/u; Fi: haut.] 1. Proud
and disdainful ; having a high opinion of one's self, with
some contempt for others ; lofty and arrogant ; supercilious.
2. Proceeding from excessive pride, or pride mingled with
contempt; manifesting pride and disdain . 3. Proud and
imperious. 4. Lofty; bold; of high hazard ; [obs.] Spen-
ser.
HAUL, V. t. [Fr. haler. It is sometimes written hale, but
'haul is preferable.] 1. To pull or draw with force ; to drag.
Haul is equivalent to drag, and differs sometimes from
pull and draw, in expressing more force and labor. 2. To
drag ; to compel to go. — To haul the wind, in seamanship,
is to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from
which the wind blows.
HAUL, n. 1. A pulling with force ; a violent pull. 2. A
draught of a net.
HAUL'ER, n. He who pulls or hauls.
HAULED, pp. Pulled with force ; dragged ; compelled to
move.
HAUL'ING, ppr. Drawing by force or violence ; dragging.
HAULM, ) n. [Sax. healni.] 1. The stem or stalk of grain,
HAUM, \ of all kinds, or of pease, beans, hops, &c. 2.
Straw ; the dry stalks of corn, (fee. in general.
HAUNCH, 71. [Fr. hanche.] 1. The hip ; that part of the
body which lies between the last ribs and the thigh. 2.
The rear ; the hind part ; [obs.] Shak.
* HAUNT, 73. t. [Fr. hunter.] l.'To frequent; to resort to
much or often, or to be much about ; to visit customarily.
2. To come to frequently ; to intrude on ; to trouble with
frequent visits; to follow importunately. 3. It is particu-
larly applied to spectres or apparitions, which are repre-
sented by fear and credulity as frequenting of Inhabiting
old, decayed and deserted houses.
* HAUNT, V. i. To be much about ; to visit or be present
often.
* HAUNT, 71. 1. A place to which one frequently resorts.
2. The habit or custom of resorting to a place ; [obs.] 3.
Custom ; practice ; [obs.] Chaucer.
*HAUNT'ED, pp. 1. Frequently visited or resorted to,
especially by apparitions. 2. Troubled by frequent visits.
*HAUNT'ER, n. One who frequents a particular place, or
is often about it.
*HAUNT'ING, ppr. Frequenting; visiting often; troub-
ling with frequent visits.
fHAUST, n. [Sax. hwasta.] A dry cough. Ray.
HAUT'BOY, (ho'boy) 71. [Fr. haut and bois.] A wind in-
strument, somewhat resembling a flute.
HAUT-GOUT', (ho-goo') n. [Fr.] Any tiling with a strong
relish or a strong scent. Butler.
HAU-TEUR', (ho-cure', or ho-taur') n. [Fr.] Pride ; haught-
iness ; insolent manne- or spirit.
HAUYNE, 71. A miners? , called by Haiiy latialite.
HAVE, (hav) v. t. ; pret. and pp. had .- indie, present, I
have, thou hast, he has ; we, ye, they have. [Sax. hab-
ban i Goth, haban ; G. haben.] 1. To possess ; to hold in
possession or power. 2. To possess, as something that is
connected with, or belongs to one. 3. To marry ; to take
for a wife or husband. 4. To hold; to regard. 5. To
maintain ; to hold in opinion. 6. To be urged by neces-
sity or obligation ; to be under necessity, or impelled b/
duty. 7. To seize and hold ; to catch. 8. To contain ;
as, the work has many beauties and many faults. 9. To
gain ; to procure ; to receive ; to obtain ; to purchase.
Had rather denotes wish or preference. — To have after, to
pursue. Shak. — To have away, to remove ; to take away.
Tiisser. — To have at, to encounter; to assail; to enter
into competition with; to make trial with. Shak. — To
have in, to contain. — To have on, to wear; to carry, as
raiment or weapons. — To have aut, to cause to depart. —
To have a care, to take care ; to be on the guard, or to
guard. — To have pleasure, to enjoy. — To have pain, to
suffer. — To have sorrow, to be grieved or afflicted. — He
would have, he desires to have, or he requires. — He should
have, he ought to have.
fHAVE'LESS, (havles) a. Having little or nothing.
Ha'VEN, (ha'vn) n. [Sax. hmfan; D. haven.] 1. A harbor;
a port ; a bay, recess or inlet of the sea ; a station for
ships. 2. A shelter ; an asylum ; a place of safety.
t Ha'VEN-ER, 71. The overseer of a port ; a harbor-master.
HAVER, n. One who has or possesses; a possessor; a
holder. [Little used.] Shak.
HAVER, 71. [G. hafer ; D. haver.] Oats ; a word of locat
use in the JVorth of England.
HAVER-SACK, n. [Fr. havre-sac] A soldier's knapsack
HAVING, ppr. Possessing ; holding in power or possession
containing ; gaining , receiving ; taking.
t HAVING, 71. 1. Possession; goods; estate. Shak. 2. Tho
act or state of possessing. Sidney.
t HaVIOR, n. Conduct ; manners. Spenser.
HAV'OC, n. [W. havog.] Waste ; devastation ; wide and
general destruction.
HAVOC, v. t. To waste ; to destroy ; to lay waste.
HAVOC, exclani. A word of encouragement to slaughter
Shak.
HAW", n. [Sax. hceg, hag.] 1. The berry and seed of the
liawthom. 2. [Sax. haga.] A small piece of ground ad-
joining a house ; a small field. — 3. In farriery, an excres-
cence resembling a gristle^, growing under the nether eye-
lid and eye of a horse. 4 A dale ; [obs.]
HAW, V. i. [corrupted from hawk, or hack.] To stop in
speaking with a haw, or to speak with interruption and
hesitation.
HAW, 71. [See Ha.] An intermission or hesitation of
HAWFINCH, n. A bird, a species of loxia.
HAW'HAW^, n. [duplication of haw, a hedge.] A fence
or bank that interrupts an alley or walk, sunk between
slopes and not perceived till approached. Todd.
HAWING, pi}r. Speaking with a haw, or with hesitation.
HAWK, 7i. [Sax. hafoc] A genus of fowls, the falco, at
iiianv species, most of which are rapacious.
HAWK, v.i. 1. To catch or attempt to catch birds by means
of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the
prey ; to practice falcomy. 2. To fly at ; to attack on the
wing.
HAWK, V. ?. [W. hogi ; Scot, hawgh.] To make an effort
to force up phlegm with noise. — To hawk up, transitively
as, to hawk up i^hlegm.
HAWK, n. An effort to force up phlegm from the throat,
accompanied with noise.
HAWnC, V. t. [qu. G. hocken.] To cry ; to offer for sale by
outcry in the street, or to sell by outcry.
HAWKED, pp. I. Offered for sail by outcry in the street.
2. a. Crooked ; curving like a hawk's bill.
HAWK'ER, n. 1. One who offers goods for sale by outcry
in the street ; a pedler. Swift. 2. [Sax. hafcere.] A fal-
coner.
HAWIC'EyED, a. Having acute sight ; discerning.
HAWK'ING, T?;)?-. 1. Catching wild birds by hawks. 2.
Making an effort to discharge phlegm. 3. Offering for
sale in the street by outcry.
HAWKING, n. The exercise of taking wild fowls by means
of hawks.
HAWK'NoSED, a. Having an aquiline nose.
HAWK'WEED, 71. A name of several species of plants.
HAWSE, (hawz) 71. [See Halser.] The situation of a ship
moored with two anchors from the bows.
HAWSE'HOLE, n. A cylindrical hole in the bow of a ship
through which a cable passes.
HAWSE'PIeCE, n. One of the foremost timbers of a ship.
HAWS'ER, 71. [.See Hals er.] A small cable; or a large
rope, in size between a cable and a tow-line.
HAWTHORN, 71. [Sax. h^Bg-thorn.] A shrub or tree which
bears the haw ; the white-thorn.
HAW'THORN-FLY, n. An insect so called. Walton.
HAY, n. [Sax. heg, hig.] Grass cut and dried for fodder,"
grass prepared for preservation. — To dance the hay, to dance
in a ring. Donne.
HAY, V. i. [G. heuen.] To dry or cure grass for preserva-
tion.
HAY, n. [Sax. hcBg.] 1. A hedge ; [obs.] Chaucer. 2. A
net which incloses the haunt of an animal. Harmer.
HAY, V. t. To lay snares for rabbits. Huloet.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOCK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett-
HEA
402
HEA
HaY'BOTE, n. Hedge-bote. In English law, an allowance
of wood to a tenant for repairing hedges or fences.
HaY'€0€K, n. A conical pile or heap of hay, in the field.
HAY'KNIFfe, n. A sharp instrument used in cutting hay
out of a stack or mow.
HaY'LOFT, 71. A loft or scaffold for hay, particulariy in a
ham.
SaY'MaK-ER, n. One who cuts and dries grass for fodder.
HaY'MaK-ING, 71. The business of cuttmg grass and cur-
ing it for fodder.
HaY'MaR-KET, n. A place for the sale of hay.
HaY'MOW, n. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for
preservation.
HaY'RI€K, 71. A rick of hay ; usually, a long pile for pre-
servation in the open air.
HaY'STA€K, 71. A stack or large conical pile of hay in the
open air, laid up for preservation.
HaY'STALK, 7?. A stalk of hay.
HaY'TH0RN,71. Hawthorn. Scott.
HaY'WARD, n. A person who keeps the common herd or
cattle of a town, and guards hedges or fences.— In JVew
England, the hayward is a town officer whose duty is to
impound cattle, and particularly swine.
HaY'DEN-ITE, n. A mineral discovered by Dr. Hayden.
EIAZ'ARD, n. [Fr. hasard.] 1. Chance ; accident ; casualty ;
a fortuitous event. 2. Danger ; peril ; risk. 3. A game
at dice.— TV? run the Imiard, to risk ; to take the chance.
HAZ'ARD, V. t. [Fr. hasarder.] 1. To expose to chance ;
to put in danger of loss or injury ; to venture ; to risk. 2.
To venture to incur, or Bring on.
HAZ'AED, V. L To try the chance ; to adventure ; to run
the risk or danger.
HAZ'AE.D-A-BLE, a. That is liable to hazard or chance.
HAZ'ARD-ED, pp. Put at risk or in danger ; ventured.
HAZ'AED-ER, n. One who ventm-es or puts at stake.
HAZ'ARD-ING, ppr. Exposing to danger or peril ; ventur-
ing to bring on.
HAZ'ARD-OUS, a. Dangerous; that exposes to peril or
danger of loss or evil.
HAZ' ARD-OUS-LY, adv. With danger of loss or evil ; with
peril.
fllAZARD-RY, 71. 1. Rashness; temerity. Spenser 2.
Gaming in general. Chaucer.
HAZE, 71. Fog ; a watery vapor in the air, or a dry vapor
like smoke, which renders the air thick.
HAZE, V. i. To be foggy. [A local word.] Ray.
t HAZE, V. t. To frighten. Ainsworth.
Ha'ZEL, (ha'zl) n. [Sax. hcBsel.] A shrub of the genus
corylus, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, far-
inaceous taste.
Ha'ZEL, (ha'zl) a. Pertaining to the hazel or like it; of a
light-brown color, like the hazel-nut.
Ha'ZEL-EARTH, 71. A kind of red loam. Encyc.
Ha'ZEL-NUT, 71. The nut or frait of the hazel.
Ha'ZEL-LY, a. Of the color of the hazel-nut ; of a light-
brown. Mortimer.
Ha'ZY, a. Foggy ; misty ; thick with vapor.
HE, pro7?oM7i, of the third person; nom. he; poss. his; obj.
him. [Sax. masc. hej fern, heo j neut. hit.l 1. A pronoun,
a substitute for the third person, masculine gender, repre-
senting the man or male person named before. 2. Man ;
a male. 3. He is sometimes prefixed to the names of an-
imals to designate the male kind ; as, a he-goat, a he-bear.
HEAD, (bed) n. [Sax. heafod, hefed, heafd.] 1. The upper-
most part of the human body, or the foremost part of the
body of prone and creeping animals. This part of the
body contains the organs of hearing, seeing, tasting and
smelling, and also the brain. 2. An animal ; an individ-
ual. 3. A chief; a principal person; a leader; a com-
mander. 4. The fii-st place ; the place of honor, or of
command. 5. Countenance ; presence. 6. Understand-
ing ; faculties of the mind ; sometimes in a ludicrous
sense. 7. Face; front; forepart. 8. Resistance; suc-
cessful opposition. 9. Spontaneous will or resolution.
10. State of a deer's horns by which his age is known.
11. The top of a thing, especially when larger than the
rest of the thing. 12. The forepart of a thing, as the head
of a ship. 13. The blade or cutting part of an axe, distinct
from the helve. 14. That which rises on the top. 15.
The upper part of a bed or bed-stead. 16. The brain.
17. The dress of the head. 18. The principal source of a
stream. 19. Altitude of water in ponds, as applicable to
the driving of mill-wheels. 20. Topic of discoui-se ; chief
point or subject ; a siunmary. 21. Crisis ; pitch ; height.
2>. Influence ; force ; strength ; pitch. 23. Body ; con-
flux ; [ohs.l Shak. 24. Power ; armed force. 25. Liberty ;
freedom from restraint. 26. License ; freedom from check,
control or restraint. 27. Tlie hair of the head. 28. The
top of com or other plant ; the part on which the seed
grows. 29. The end, or the boards that form the end. 30.
The part most remote from the mouth or opening into the
sea. 31. The maturated part of an ulcer or boil.
Head and ears, a phrase denoting the whole person, especial-
ly when referring to immersion. — Head and shoulders, by |
force ; violenWy .—Head or tail, or head nor tail, uncertain ,
not reducible to certainty. — Head, as an adj. or in compo-
.lition, chief; principal ; as, a head workman. — By the head,
m seamen's language, denotes the state of a ship laden too
deeply at the fore-end.
HEAD, (bed) v. t. 1. To lead ; to dhect ; to act as leader to.
2. To behead ; to decapitate. 3. To fonn a head to ; to
fit t)r furnish with a head. 4. To lop. 5. To go in front
of ; to get into the front. 6. To set on the head. 7. To
oppose ; to veer roimd and blow in opposition to the course
of a ship.
HEAD, (bed) v. i. To originate ; to spring ; to have its
source, as a river.
HEAD'aCHE, (hed'ake) n. Pain in the head.
HEAD'BAND, (hed'band) n. A fiUet ; a band for the head ;
also, the band at each end of a book. Is. iii.
HEAD'BoR-OUGH, (hea'bur-ro) n. In England, formerly,
the chief of a frank-pledge, tithing or decernary.
HEAD'DRESS, (hed'dres) n. 1. The dress of the head ;
the covering or ornaments of a woman's head. 2. The
crest, or tuft of feathers on a fowl's head.
HEAD'ED, (bed ed) pp. Led ; directed ; furnished with a
head ; having a top. This is used in composition ; as, clea)--
headed, thick-headed, &,c.
HEAD'ER, (hed'er) n. 1. One who heads naUs or pins. 2.
One who leads a mob or party. 3. The first brick in the
angle of a wall.
HEAD'FAST, (hed fast) n. A rope at the head of a ship to
fasten it to a wharf or other fixed object.
HEAD'FiRST, (hed'furst) adv With the head foremost.
HEAD'GAR-GLE, (hed'gar-gl) n. A disease of cattle.
HEAD'GeAR, (hed'geer) n. The dress of a woman's head.
HEAD'I-LY, (hed'e-ly) adv. Hastily ; rashly ; so as not to
be governed.
HEAD'I-NESS, (hed'e-nes) n. 1. Rashness ; precipitation.
2. Stubbornness ; obstinacy.
HEAD'ING, (hed'ing) n. Timber for the heads of casks.
HEAD'LAND, (hed'land) n. 1. A cape ; a promontory. 2.
A ridge or strip of unploughed land at the ends of furrows
or near a fence.
HEADLESS, (hed'les) a. 1. Having no head ; beheaded. 2.
Destitute of a chief or leader. 3. Destitute of under-
standing or prudence ; rash ; obstinate.
HEAD'LONG, (hed'long) adv. 1. With the head foremost,
2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without deliberation. 3 Hasti
ly ; without delay or respite.
HEAD'LONG, (hed'long) a. 1. Steep ; precipitous. 2. Rash-,
precipitate.
HEAD'MAN, (hedman) n. A chief; a leader.
HEAD'MoLD-SHOT, n. A disease in children, in which
the sutures of the skull, usually the coronal, have their
edges shot over one another.
HEAD'MoN-EY, (hed'mun-ny) 7i. A capitation tax.
HEAD'MoST, (hed m5st) a. Most advanced ; most forward ;
first in a line or order of progression.
t HEAD'PAN, (hed'pan) n. The brain-pan.
HEAD'PENCE, (hed'pens) Ji. A kind of poll-tax formeriy
collected_in the English county of Northumberland.
HEAD'PIkCE, (hed p5se) n. 1. Armor for the head ; a hel-
met; a morion. 2. Understanding; force of mind.
HEAD-aUART'ERS, 71. ]7Zm. 1. The quarters or place of
residence'of the commander-in-chief of an army. 2. The
residence of any chief, or place from which orders are is
sued.
HEAD ROPE, (hed'rope) n. That part of a bolt-rope which
terminates any sail on the upper edge.
HEAD-SAIL, (hed'sail) 7i. The head-sails of a ship are the
sails which are extended on the fore-mast and bowsprit.
HEADSEA, (hed'see) n. Waves that meet the head of a ship
or roll against her com-se.
HEAD'SHAKE, (hed'shake) n. A significant shake of the
head. Shak.
HEAD SHIP, (hed'ship) n. Authority ; chief place.
HEADS'MAN, (hedz man) h. One that cuts off heads ; an
executioner. [Unv.sual.] Dryden.
HEAD SPRING, (hed'spring) n Fountain ; source : origin
HEADSTALL, (hedstawl) n That part of a bridle which
encompasses the head.
HEAD'STONE, (hed'stone) n. 1. The principal stcne in a
foundation ; the chief or comer stone. 2. The stone at
the head of a grave.
HEAD'STRONG, (hed strong) a. 1. Violent ; obstinate ; un-
governable ; resolute to mn his own way ; bent on pur-
suing his own will. 2. Directed by ungovernable will, or
proceedin2; from obstinacy.
t HEAD'STilOi\G-NESS, 7i. Obstinacv. Oayton.
HEAD'TIRE, (hed'tire) n. Dress or attire for the head.
HEAD'WAY, (hed'wa) n. The motion of an advancing
ship.
HEAD'WIND, (hed'wind) n. A wind that blows in a direc-
tion opposite to the ship's course.
HEAD-WORK'MAN, 7!. The chief workman of a party;
a foreman in a manufactory. Swift.
HEAD'Y, (hedy) a. 1. Rash ; hasty ; precipitate ; violent.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
HEA
403
HEA
2 Apt to affect the head ; inflaming ; intoxicating ; strong.
3. Violent; impetuous.
HeAL, v. t. [Sax. hmlan, helan, gehelaii,] 1. To cure of a
disease or wound. 2. To cure ; to remove or subdue. 3.
To cause to cicatrize. 4. To restore to soundness. 5. To
restore purity to ; to remove feculence or foreign matter.
6. To remove, as differences or dissension ; to reconcile,
as parties at variance. — 7. In Scripture, to forgive ; to
cure moral disease, and restore soundness. 8. To purify
from corniptions, redress grievances, and restore to pros-
perity. 9. To cover, as a roof witii tiles, slate, lead. Sec.
HeAL, v. i. To grow sound ; to return to a sound state.
HkAL, v. t. To cover See Hele.
HeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be healed. Sherwood.
Healed, pp. Restored to a sound state.
HeAL'ER, n. He or that which cures, or restores to sound-
ness.
HeAL'ING, p;?r. L Curing ; restoring to a sound state. 2. a.
Tendinir to cure ; nuld ; mollifying
HeAL'ING, n. 1. The act of curing. 2. The act of cover-
ing ; [obs.]
HEALTH, (helth) n. [from heal.] I. That slate of an an-
imal or living body, in which the parts are sound, well
organized and disposed, and in which they all perform
freely their natural functions. Li this state the animal
feels no pain. 2. Sound state of the mind ; natural vigor
of faculties. 3. Sound state of the mind, in a moral
sense ; purity ; goodness. 4. Salvation or divine favor,
or grace which cheei-s God's people. 5. Wish of health
and happiness ; used in drinking.
HEALTHFUL, (helth'ful) a. 1. Being in a sound state, as
a living or organized being ; free from disease. 2. Serv-
ing to promote health ; wholesome ; salubrious. 3. Indi-
cating health or soundness. 4. Salutarj'^ ; promoting
spiritual health. 5. Well-disposed ; favorable.
HEALTH'FUL-LY, adv. In health ; wholesomely.
HE-lLTHFiJL-NESS, n. 1. A state of being well. 2.
Wholesomeness 3 salubrity ; state or qualities that promote
health.
HEALTH'I-LY, a. Without disease.
HEALTH'I-XESS, n. The state of health; soundness;
freedom from disease.
HEALTH LESS, a. 1. Infirm ; sickly. 2. Not conducive
to health ; \little used.] Taylor.
THEALTH'SOiME, a. WTiolesome. Shale.
HEALTH'Y, a. 1. Being in a sound state ; enjoying health ;
hale ; sound. 2. Conducive to health ; wholesome ; sa-
lubrious. Locke.
HeAM, n. In beasts, the same as after-birth in women.
Heap, n. [Sax. heap, heap.'] 1. A pile or msLss ; a collec-
tion of things laid in a body so as to form an elevation.
2. A crowd"; a throng ; a cluster ; applied to living per-
sons ; [not in use.] 3. A mass of ruins.
Heap, v. t. [Sax. heapian.] 1. To throw or lay in a heap;
to pile. 2. To amass ; to accumulate ; to lay up ; to col-
lect in great quantity. 3. To add something else, in large
quantities. 4. To pile ; to add till the mass takes a
roundish form, or till it rises above the measure.
Heaped, pp. Piled ; amassed ; accumulated.
HeAP'ER, ?(. One who heaps, piles or amasses.
Heap ING, ppr. Piling ; collecting into a mass.
HEx^PLY, adv. In heaps Huloet. .
HeAP'Y, a. Lying in heaps. Gaij.
Hear, v. t. ; pret. and pp, heard, but more correctly heared.
[Sax. heoran, hyran.] 1. To perceive by the ear; to feel
an impression of sound by the proper organs. 2. To give
audience or allowance to speak. 3. To attend ; to listen ;
to obey. 4. To attend favorably ; to regard. 5. To grant
an answer to prayer. 6. To attend to the facts, evidence,
and arguments in a cause between parties ; to try in a
court of law or equity. 7. To acknowledge a title. 8.
To be a hearer of ; to sit under the preaching of. 9. To
learn. 10. To approve and embrace. — To hear a bird sing,
to receive private communication. Shah.
Hear, v. i. 1 To enjoy the sense or faculty of perceiving
sound. 2. To listen ; to hearken ; to attend. 3. To be
loM ; to receive by report.
* Heard, ) (hSerd, or ) Perceived bv the ear
HeARED, \ herd ) \ ^P- ^^^^ceivea oy me ear.
HeAR'ER, n. One who hears ; one who attends to what is
orally delivered by another ; an auditor ; one of an audi-
ence.
HeAR'IXG, ppr. 1. Perceiving by the ear, as sound 2.
Listenins to ; attending to ; obeying ; observing what is
commanded. 3. Attending to witnesses or advocates in
a judicial trial ; trj-ins.
Hearing, n. l. The faculty or sense by which sound is
perceived. 2. Audience ; attention to what is delivered ;
opportunity to be heard. 3. Judicial trial ; attention to
the facts, testimony and arguments in a cause between
parties, with a view to a just decision. 4. The act of per-
ceiving sounds ; sensation or perception of sound. 5.
Reach of the ear ; extent within which sound may be
heard.
HEARK'EN, (hark'kn) v. i. [Sax. heorcnian, hyrenian.] 1
To listen ; to lend the ear ; to attend to what is uttered,
with eagerness or curiositv. 2. To attend ; to regard ; to
give heed to what is uttered ; to observe or obey. 3. To
listen ; to attend ; to grant or comply with.
HEARK'EN, (hark kn) i). t. To hear by hstening. [L. u.]
HEaRK'EN-ER, (harkkn-er) n. A listener; one whoheark
ens.
HEaRK'EN-ING, (hark kn-ing) ppr. Listening ; attending ;
observing.
t HEARS'AL, for rehearsal. Spenser.
Hearsay, n. Report; rumor; fame; common talk. It
is sometimes used as an adjective ; as, hearsay evidence.
HEARSE, (hers) 71 [SeeHERsz.] 1. A temporary monument
set over a grava 2. The case or place in which a corpse
is deposited. 3. A carnage for conveying the dead to the
grave 4. A hind in the second year of her age.
HEARSE, (hers) v. t. To inclose in a hearse. Shah.
HEARSE CLOTH, (hers kloth) n. A paU ; a cloth to covei
a hearse. Sanderson.
HEARSE'LiKE, (hers'llke) a. Suitable to a funeral.
HEART, (hart) 7i. [Sax.hecrt; G. herz ; D. hart.] 1. A
muscular viscus, which is the primary organ of the blood's
motion in an animal body, situated in the thorax. 2. The
inner part of any thing ; the middle part or interior. 3.
The chief part ; the vital part ; the vigorous or etficacious
part. 4. The seat of tne aifections and passions Scripture.
5. By a metonymy, heart is used for an affection or pas-
sion, and particularly for love. 6. The seat of the under-
standing ; as, an understanding heart. Scripture. 7. The
seat of the will; hence, secret purposes, intentions or
designs. Scripture. 8. Person ; character ; used with
respect to courage or kindness. Shak. 9. Courage ; spirit.
Milton. 10. Secret thoughts ; recesses of the inind. 11.
Disposition of mind. 12." Secret meaning ; real intention.
13. Conscience, or sense of good or ill. Hooker. 14.
Strength; power of producing; vigor; fertility. Dryden.
15. The utmost degree. Shak.
To get or learii bxj heart, to commit to memory. — To take to
heart, to be much affected ; also, to be zealous about a
thing. — To laij to heart, is used nearly in the sense of the
foregoing. — To set the heart on, to fix the desires on ; to
be very fond of. — To set the heart at rest, to make one's
self quiet. — To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed.
— For my heart, for tenderness or affection.— 7"o speak to
oiie^s heart, in Scripture, to speak kindly to ; to comfort;
to encourage. — To have in the heart, to purpose ; to have
design or intention. — A hard heart, cruelty ; want of sen-
sibility.
HEART, V. i. To encourage. [Aof ?nuch used.]
HEART'- ACHE, n. Sorrow; anguish of mind. Shak.
HEART'- AL-LuR'ING, a. Suited to allure the affections.
Parnell.
HEART'-AP-PALL'ING, a. Dismaying the heart.
HEART'-BREaK, 71. Overwhelming sorrower grief. Shak.
HEART'-BREaK-ER, 71. A lady's curl; a love-lock.
HEART'-BREaK-ING, a. Breaking the heart; overpow-
ering with grief or sorrow. Spenser.
HEART'-BREaK-ING, 71. Overpowering grief; deep af-
fliction. Hakeicill.
HEART'-BRED, a. Bred in the heart. Crashaw.
HEART^-BRoK-EN, a. Deeply afflicted or grieved. •
HEART'-BUR-IED, (hart'ber-rid) a. Deeply immersed.
HEART'-BURN, n. Cardialgy ; a disease or affection of the
stomach.
HEART'-BURNED, a. Having the heart inflamed.
HEART'-BURN-ING, a. Causmg discontent.
HEART'-BURN-ING, 71. 1. Heart-burn, which see. -2,
Discontent ; secret enmity. Sjcift.
HEART'-CHILLED, c. Having the heart chilled.
HEART'-CON-SuM'ING, a. Destroying peace of mind.
HEART'-C0R-R6D'ING, a. Preying on the heart.
HEART'-DeAR, a. Sincerely beloved. Shak.
HEART'-DEEP, a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert.
HEART'-DIS-COUR'A-GING, a. Depressing the spirits.
HEART'-EASE, n. Quiet; tranquillity of mmd.
HEART'-eAS-ING, a. Givuig quiet to the mind.
HEART'-eAT-ING, a. Preying on the heart.
HEART'-EX-PAND'ING, a. Enlarging the heart ; openiitg
the feelings. Thomson.
HEART'-FELT, a. Deeply felt ; deeply affecting, either as
joy or sorrow.
HE ART'-GRIeF, n. Affliction of the heart. Milton.
HEART'-HARD-ENED, a. Obdurate ; impenitent ; un
feeling. Harmer.
HEART'-HARD-EN-ING, a. Rendering cruel.
HEART'-HEAV-I-NESS, n. Depression of spirits.
HEART'-OF-FEND'ING, a. Wounding the heart.
HEART'-PeA, n. A Tplaiit, the cardiospermum.
HEART'-aUELI,-ING, a. Conquering the affection.
HEART'-REND-ING, a. Breaking the heart ; overpower-
ing with ansruish ; deeply afflictive.
HEART'-ROB-BING, a. 1. Depriving of thought ; ecstatic.
2. Stealing the heart ; winning.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as iu tAis. t Obsclete.
HEA
404
HEA
HEART'S'-BLOOD, ) 71. The blood of the heart ; life ; es-
HEaRT'-BLOOD, ] sence.
HEaRT'S'-e"A*SE, n. A plant, a species of viola.
HEART'-SEARCH-ING, a. Searching the secret thoughts
and purposes.
HEARTf-SieK, a. Sick at heart ; pained in mind ; deeply
afflicted or depressed.
HEART'-SORE, n. That which pains the heart.
HEART'-SORE, a. Deeply wounded. Shak.
HEART'-SOR'ROW-ING, a. Sorrowing deeply.
t HEART'-STRIKE, v. t. To affect at heart. B. Jonson.
HEART'-STRING, n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to
brace and sustain the heart. Taylor.
«EART'-STRU€K, a. I. Driven to the heart j infixed in
the mind. 2. Shocked with fear ; dismayed.
HEART'-SWELL-ING, a. Rankling in the heart.
JIEART'-WHOLE, a. 1. Not affected with love 5 not in
love, or not deeply affected. 2. Having unbroken spirits,
or good courage.
HEART'-WOUND-ED, a. Wounded with love or grief j
deeply affected with some passion. Pope.
HEART'-WOUND-ING, a. Piercing with grief.
HEART'ED, a. 1. Taken to heart ; [o5s.] 2. Composed of
hearts 5 [o&s.] 3. Laid up in the heart. Shak.— This, word
is chiefly used in composition ; as, hard-hearted, faint-
hearted, &c.
HEART'ED-NESS, n. Sincerity ; warmth ; zeal ; used in
composition.
HEART'EN, (har'tn) v. t. 1. To encourage ; to animate ;
to incite or stimulate courage. Sidneij. 2. To restore fer-
tility or strength to ; [little used.] May.
HEART'EN-ER, n. He or that which gives courage or ani-
mation. Brown.
HEARTH, (harth) n. [Sax. heorth.] A pavement or floor
of brick or stone in a chimney, on which a fire is made to
warm a roorn.
HEARTHLPm^NY,' \ "* ^ *^^ °° hearths. Blackstone.
HEART'I-LY, adv. 1. From the heart ; with all the heart j
with sincerity ; really. 2. With zeal 3 actively 5 vigor-
ouslv. 3. Eagerly ; freely ; largely.
HEART'I-NESS, n. 1. Sincerity; zeal; ardor; earnest-
ness. 2. Eagerness of appetite.
HEART'LESS, a. Without courage ; spiritless ; faint-heart-
ed. Dryden.
HEART'LESS-LY, adv. Without courage or spirit ; famt-
ly ; timidly ; feebly.
HEART'LESS-NESS, n. Want of courage or spirit ; dejec-
tion of mind ; feebleness. Bp. Hall.
HEART'SoME, a. Merry; cheerful; lively. Brockett.
HEARTY, a. 1. Having the heart engaged in any thing ;
sincere ; warm ; zealous. 2. Proceeding from the heart ;
sincere ; warm. 3. Being full of health ; sound ; strong ;
healthy. 4. Strong ; durable. JVotton. 5. Having a keen
appetite ; eating much. 6. Strong ; nourishing.
t HEART'Y-HALE, a. Good for the heart. Spenser.
Heat, n. [Sax. heat, hcst.] 1. Heat, as a cause of sensa-
tion, that is, the matter of heat, is considered to be a subtil
fluid, contained in a greater or less degree in all bodies.
In modern chemistry, it is called caloric. 2. Heat, as a
sensation, is the effect produced on the sentient organs of
animals, by the passage of caloric, disengaged from sur-
roundmg bodies, to the organs. 3. Hot air ; hot weather.
4. Any accumulation or concentration of the matter of
heat or caloric. 5. The state of being once heated or hot.
6. A violent action unintermitted ; a single effort. 7. A
single effort in running ; a course at a race. 8. Redness
of the face ; flush. 9. Animal excitement ; violent action
or agitation of the system. 10. Utmost violence ; rage ;
vehemence. 11. Violence ; ardor. 12. Agitation of
mind ; inflammation or excitement ; exasperation. 13.
Ardor ; fervency ; animation in thought or discourse. 14.
Fermentation.
HeAT, v. t. [Sax. hcetan.] 1. To make hot ; to communi-
cate heat to, or cause to be hot. 2. To make feverish.
3. To warm with passion or desire ; to excite ; to rouse
into action. 4. To agitate the blood and spirits with ac-
tion ; to excite animal action.
HeAT, v. i To grow warm or hot.
HEAT, for heated, is in popular use, and pronounced hel ;
but it is not elegant.
HeAT'ED, pp. Made hot; hiflamed ; exasperated.
HeAT'ER, n. 1. He or that which heats. 2. A triangular
mass of iron, which is heated and put iato a box-iron to
heat it for ironing clothes.
HeAT'FUL, a. Full of warmth. Sylvester.
HeATHj'ti. [SsiX. hcBth.] 1. A plant or shrub of the genus
erica, of many species. 2. A place overgrown with heath.
3. A place overgrown with shrubs of any kind.
HeATH'COGK, n. A large fowl which frequents heaths, a
species of grouse. Carew.
HeATH'PeA, 71. A species of bitter vetch, oro&Ms.
HeATHTOUT, n. A bird, the same as the heath-cock.
HeATH'ROSE, n. A plant. Ainsworth.
HeATH'EN, (he'then) n. [Sax. hathen ; G. heide ; D.
heiden ; Gr. edvog.] 1. A pagan ; a Gentile ; one who
worships idols, or is unacquainted with the true God. 2.
A rude, illiterate, barbarous person.
HeATH'EN, a. Gentile; pagan. Addison.
HeATH'EN-ISH, a. 1. Belonging to Gentiles or pagans.
2. Rude; ilhterate ; wild; imcivilized. 3. Barbarous;
savage ; cruel ; rapacious.
HeATH'EN-ISH-LY, adv. After the manner of heathens.
HeATH'EN-ISH-NESS, n. A profane state, like that of
the heathens.
HeATH'EN-ISM, n. 1. Gentilism ; paganism ; ignorance
of the true God ; idolatry. 2. Rudeness ; barbarism ; ig-
norance.
HeATH'EN-iZE, v. t. To render heathen or heathenish.
HEATHER, n. Heath.
HeATH'Y, a. Full of heath; abounding with heath. Mor-
timer.
HeAT'ING, ppr. 1. Making warm or hot; inflaming;
rousing the passions ; exasperating. 2. a. Tending to
impart heat to ; promoting warmth or heat ; exciting ac-
tion ; stimulating.
HeAT'LESS, a. Destitute of heat ; cold. Beaumont.
HeAVE, (heev) v. t. ; pret. heaved, or hove ; pp. heaved,
hove, formerly hoven. [Sax. heafan, he/an, heofan.] 1. To
lift : to raise ; to move upward. 2. To cause to swell.
3. To raise or force from the breast. 4. To raise ; to ele-
vate ; with high. 5. To puff; to elate. 6. To throw ; to
cast ; to send. 7. To raise by turning a windlass ; with
up. 8. To turn a windlass or capstan with bars or levers.
— To heave ahead, to draw a ship forwards. — To heave
astern, to cause to recede; to draw back. — To heave
down, to throw or lay down on one side ; to careen. — To
heave out, to throw out. With seamen, to loose or unfurl
a sail, particularly the stay-sails.— To heave to, to bring
the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion. — To
heave up, to relinquish ; ivulgar.l
Heave, (heev) V. i. 1. To swell, distend or dilate. 2.
To pant ; to breathe with labor or pain. 3. To keck ; to
make an effort to vomit. 4. To rise in billows, as the
sea ; to swell. 5. To rise ; to be lifted. 6. To rise or
swell, as the earth at the breaking up of frost. — To heave
in sight, to appear ; to make its first appearance.
Heave, (heev) n. 1. A rising or swell ; an exertion or
effort upward. 2. A rising swell, or distention, as of the
breast. 3. An eflbrt to vomit. 4. An effort to rise.
HeAVE'-OF-FER-ING, n. Among the Jews, an offermg
consisting of the tenth of the tithes which the Levites
received.
HEAVEN, (hev'n) n. [Sax. lieafen, hefen, heofen.] 1. The
region or expanse which surrounds the earth, and which
appears above and around us, like an immense arch or
vault, in which are seen the sun, moon and stars. — 2.
Among Christians, the part of space in which the omni-
present Jehovah is supposed to afford more sensible mani-
festations of his glory. — 3. Among pagans, the residence
of the celestial gods. 4. The sky or air ; the region of
the atmosphere ; or an elevated place ; in a very indefinite
sense. — 5. The Hebrews acknowledged three heavens —
tlie air, or aerial heavens ; the firmament, in which the
stars are supposed to be placed ; and the heaven of heav-
ens, or third heaven, the residence of Jehovah. Brown. —
C. Modern philosophers divide the expanse above and
around the earth into two parts — the atmosphere, or aerial
heaven, and the ethereal heaven, beyond the region of the
air, in which there is supposed to be a thin, unresisting
medium, called ether. 7; The Supreme Power; the Sove-
reign of heaven ; God. 8. The pagan deities ; celestials.
9. Elevation; sublimity. 10. Supreme felicity; great
happiness.
HEAV'EN-AS-PIR'ING, a. Aspiring to heaven.
HEAV'EN-BAN'ISHED, a. Banished from heaven.
HEAV'EN-BE-GOT', a. Begot by a celestial being. Dry-
den.
HEAVEN-BORN, a. Born from heaven ; native of heaven,
or of the celestial regions. Pope.
HEAVEN-BRED, a. Produced or cultivated in heavem.
HEAVEN-BUiLT, a. Built by the agency or favor of the
gods. Pope.
HEAV'EN-DI-RE€T'ED, a. 1. Pointing to the sky. 2.
Taught or directed by the celestial powers. Pope.
HEAVEN-FALL'EN, a. Fallen from heaven ; having re-
volted from God. Milton.
HEAVEN-GIFT'ED, a. Bestowed by heaven. Milton.
HEAVEN-IN-SPTR'ED, a. Inspired by heaven. Milton.
HEAVEN-IN-STRU€T'ED, a. Taught by heaven. Cra-
shaw.
HEAVEN-iZE, (hev'n-ize) v. t. To render like heaven.
HEAVEN-KISS'ING, a. Touching as it were the sky.
HEAV'EN-LI-NESS, n. Supreme excellence.
HEAVEN-L6VED, a. Beloved by heaven. Milton.
HEAVEN-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to heaven ; celestial. 2,
Resembling heaven ; supremely excellent 3. Inhabiting
heaven.
* See Synopsis a, E, I, 0, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRD ;- f Obsolete.
HEB
405
HEE
HEAV'EN-LY, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that of
heaven. 2. By the influence or agency of heaven.
IIEAV'EN-LY-MIND'ED, a. Having the affections placed
on heaven, and on spiritual things.
HEAV'EN-LY-MlND'ED-NESS, n. The state of having
the affections placed on heavenly things.
HEAV'EN-SA-LUT'ING, a. Touching the sky. Cra-
shaiD.
HEAVEN-WARD, adv. Toward heaven. Prior.
HEAV'EN-WAR'RING, a. Warring against heaven.
He AVER, 71.' One who heaves or lifts.— Among seamen, a
staff for a lever.
Heaves, (heevz) n. A disease of horses, characterized by
difficult and laborious respiration.
HEAVI-LY, (hev'e-ly) adv. 1. With great weight. 2.
With great weight of grief; grievously; afflictively 3.
Sorrowfully ; with grief. 4. With an air of sorrow or
dejection. 5. With weight; oppressively. 6. Slowly
and laboriously ; with difficulty.
HEAV'I-NESS, (hev'e-nes) n. 1. Weight; ponderousness ;
gravity ; the quality of being heavy. 2. Sadness ; sor-
row ; dejection of mind ; depression of spirits. 3. Slug-
gishness ; torpidness ; dullness of spirit ; languidness ;
languor ; lassitude. 4. Weight ; burden; oppression. 5.
That which it requkes great strength to move or over-
come ; that which creates labor and difficulty. 6. Thick-
ness ; moistness ; deepness. 7. Thickness ; moistness ;
as of air.
Heaving, fpr. Lifting; swelling; throwing; panting;
making an effort to vomit.
Heaving, %. a rising or swell ; a panting. Shak.
HEAV'I-SoME, a. Dark ; dull ; drowsy. Craven dia-
lect.
HEAVY, (hev'y) a. [Sax. heafis, hefig.'] I. Weighty;
ponderous ; having great weight, 2. Sad ; sorrowful ;
dejected ; depressed in mind. 3. Grievous ; afflictive ;
depressing to the spirits. 4. Burdensome ; oppressive.
5. Wanting life and animation ; dull. 6. Drowsy; dull.
7. Wanting spirit or animation ; destitute of life or rapid-
ity of sentiment ; dull. 8. Wanting activity or vivacity;
indolent. 9. Slow ; sluggish. 10. Burdensome ; tedious.
11. Loaded; encumbered; burdened. 12. Lying with
weight on the stomach ; not easily digested. 13. Moist ;
deep ; soft ; miry. 14. Difficult ; laborious. 15. Weary ;
supported with pain or difficulty. 16. Inflicting severe
evils, punishments or judgments. 17. Burdensome ; oc-
casioning great care. 18. Dull ; not hearing ; inattentive.
19. Large, as billows ; swelling and rolhng with great
force. 20. Large in amount. 21. Thick ; dense ; black.
22. Violent ; tempestuous. 23. Large ; abimdant. 24.
Great ; violent ; forcible. 25. Not raised by leaven or
fermentation ; not light ; clammy. 23. Requiring much
labor or much expense. 27. Loud.— ifea???/ metal, in mil-
itary affairs, signifies large guns, carrying balls of a large
size.
HEAVY, (hev'y) adv. With great weight ; used in compo-
sition.
t HEAVY, (hev'y) v. t. To make heavv. Wicklife.
HEAVY-HAND-ED, a. Clumsy ; not active or dextrous.
HEAVY-LaD'EN, a. Laden with a heavy burden.
HEAVY-SPAR, n. A genus of minerals.
HeAZ'Y, a. [Icel. hoese.] Hoarse ; taking breath with dif-
ficulty. [Provincial.]
tHEB'DO-MAD, 71. [Gr. £j8(5o/^a?,- L. hebdojnada.] A week;
a period of seven daj's. Brown.
HEB-DOM'A-DAL, ) a. Weekly ; consisting of seven
HEB-DOM'A-DA-RY, \ days, or occurring every seven
days.
HEB-DOM'A-DA-RY, n. A member of a chapter or con-
vent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir.
HEB-DO-MAT'I-€AL, a. Weekly. Bp. Morton.
HEB'EN, 77,. Ebony. Spenser.
HEB'E-TATE, v. t. [L. hebeto.'] To dull ; to blunt ; to'^tu-
pefy.
HEB'E-TA-TED, pp. Made blunt, dull or stupid.
HEB'E-TA-TING, ^r. Rendering blunt, dull or stupid.
HEB-E-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of making blunt, dull or
stupid. 2. The state of being dulled.
t HE-BeTE', a. Dull ; stupid.
HEB'E-TUDE, n. [L. liebetudo.] Dullness ; stupidity.
HE-BRa'I€, a. [from Hebrew .] Pertaining to the Hebrews;
designating the language of the Hebrews.
HE-BRA'I-eAL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Hebrew
language ; from right to left. Swift.
* He'BRA-ISM, 72. A Hebrew idiom.
* He'BRA-IST, n. One versed in the Hebrew language.
He'BRA-iZE, v. t. To convert into the Hebrew idiom ; to
make Hebrew. J. P. Smith.
He'BRA-iZE, v. i. To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the
Hebrews.
He'BREW, n. [Heb. "IJ^ Eber, either a proper name, or a
name denoting passage, pilgrimage, or coming from beyond
the Euphrates.] 1. One of the descendants of Eber or Heber ;
but particularly, a descendant of Jacob, who was a de-
scendant of Eber ; an Israelite ; a Jew. 2. The Hebrew
language.
He'BREW, a. Pertaining to the Hebrews.
He'BREW-ESS, n. An Israelitish woman.
HE-BRl"CIAN, 71. One skilled in the Hebrew language.
HE-BRIDT-AN, a. Pertaining to the Hebrides.
HE€'A-TC>MB, n. [L. hecatombe.] In antiquity, a sacrifice
of a hundred oxen or beasts of the same kind,
HE€K, 71. 1. An engine or instrument for catching fish.
2. A rack for holding fodder for cattle ; [local,'] 3 A
bend in a stream. 4. A hatch or latch of a door;
[local.]
HE€<KLE, V. t. A different orthography of hackle, or
hetchel.
HE€'TARE, n. [Gr. tKarov, and L. area.] A French mea-
sure containing a hundred ares.
HE€'Tie, or HEC'TI-€AL, a. [Gr. ektiko^.] 1 Habitual ,
denoting a slow, continual fever, marked by preternat-
ural, though remitting heat, which precedes and accom-
panies the consumption or phthisis. 2. Affected with
hectic fevers. 3. Troubled with a morbid heat,
HE€'TI€, 71. A hectic or habitual fever, Shak.
HEC'TI-eAL-LY, adv. Constitutionally, Johnson.
HEC'TO-GRAM, 71, [Gr. tKarov and ypaji^a.] IntheFrench
system of weights and measures, a weight containing a
hundred gi-ams.
HE€'TO-LI-TER, n. [Gr. CKarov and hrpa.] A French
measure of capacity for liquids, containing a hundred
liters.
HE€-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. eKarov and ftErpoy.] A French
measure equal to a hundred metres.
HECTOR, 71. [from ZTector, the son of Priam.] 1. A bully;
a blustering, turbulent, noisy fellow. 2. One who teases
or vexes.
HECTOR, v. t. 1. To threaten ; to bully ; to treat with in-
solence. 2. To tease ; to vex ; to torment by words.
HECTOR, v. i. To play the bully ; to bluster.
HECTORED, pp. Bullied ; teased.
HECTOR-ING, ppr. Bullying ; blustering ; vexing.
HECTOR-ISI\I, 7J. The disposition or practice of a hector ,
a bullying. Ch. Relig. Appeal.
HECTOR-LY, a. Blustering ; insolent. Barrow.
HED-EN-BERG'ITE, n. A mineral.
HED-ER-a'CEOUS, a. [L. hederaceus.] 1. Pertaining to
ivy. 2. Producing ivy.
HED'ER-AL, a. Composed of ivy ; belonging to ivy.
HED-E-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L, hedera and fero.] Producing
ivy,
HEDGE, (hej) n. [Sax, hege, heag, hag, he^ge; G. heck
D. heg, haag. \ Properly, a thicket of thorn-bushes or othef
shrubs or small trees ; but appropriately, such a thicket
planted round a field to fence it, or in rows, to separate
the parts of a garden. Hedge, prefixed to another word,
or in composition, denotes something mean, as a hedge-
priest. '
HEDGE, (hej) v. t. 1. To inclose with a hedge ; to fence
with a thicket of shrubs or small trees ; to separate by a
hedge, 2, To obstruct with a hedge, or to obstruct in any
manner, 3. To surround for defense ; to fortify. 4. To
inclose for preventing escape.
HEDGE, (hej) v. i. To'hide, as in a hedge ; to skulk,
HEDGE-BILL, or HEDG'ING-BILL, n. A cutting hook
used in dressing hedges,
HEDGE'-BORN, a. Of low bu-th, as if bom in the woods ;
outlandish ; obscure, Shak.
HEDGE'-BOTE. n. Wood for repairing hedges,
HEDGE'-€RHEP-ER, n. One who skulks under hedges,
HEDGE-FtJ'MI-TO-RY, n. A plant, Ainsworth.
HEDGE'HOG, n. 1. Aquadruped,or genus of quadrupeds,
the eriniLceus. The common hedgehog has round ears,
and crested nostrils ; his body is about nine inches long,
and the upper part is covered with prickles or spines, 2,
A term of reproach, Shak. 3, A plant of the genus medi-
cago, or snail-trefoil, 4, The globe-fish. The sea-hedge-
ho'o-, is the echinus, a genus of zoophytes
HEDGE'HOG-THIS'TLE, n. A plant, the cactus.
HEDGE'-HYS-SOP, 71. A plant, the gratiola.
HEDGE'-MUS-TARD, n. A plant, the erysimum.
HEDGE'-NET-TLE, 71. A plant, the galeopsis.
HEDGE'-NOTE, n. A term of contempt for low writing.
HED6ETIG, 71. A young hedgehog. Shak.
HEDGE'RoW, 71. A row or series of shrubs or trees planted
for inclosure, or separation of fields.
HEDGE'-SPAR-RoW, n. A bird frequenting hedges,
HEDGE'- WRiT-ER, 71, A Grub-street writer, or low author
HEDG'ER, 71. One who makes hedges.
HEDG'ING, ppr. Inclosing with a hedge ; confining,
HEED, v.t. [Sax, hedan.] To mind ; to regard with care ;
to take notice of ; to attend to ; to observe
HEED, 71, 1, Care ; attention, 2, Caution ; care ; watch
for danger; notice; circumspection, 3. Notice ; observa-
tion ; regard; attention. 4. Seriousness; a steady look.
Sef Si,mov,<^s M(WE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; <5H as SH ; TH as in this, f Ob^lete.
HEI
406
HEL
HEED, r.i. To mind; to consider. Warton.
HEED'ED, -pp Noticed ; observed ; regarded.
HEED'FUL, a. 1, Attentive ; observing ; giving heed. 2.
Watchful ; cautious ; circumspect ; wary.
HEED'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Attentively ; carefully ; cautious-
ly. 2. Watclifully.
HEED'FUL-N±;SS, n. Attention ; caution ; vigilance ; cir-
cumspection ; care.
t HEED'I-LY, adv. Cautiously ; vigilantly. Diet.
■j-HEEiyi-NESS, 71. Caution 3 vigilance. Spenser.
HEED'LESS, a. Inattentive ; careless ; negligent ; thought-
less ; regardless ; unobserving.
HEED'LESS-LY, adv. Carelessly; negligently; inatten-
tively ; without care or circumspection.
HEED'LESS-NESS, n. Inattention ; carelessness ; thought-
lessness ; negligence. Locke.
HEEL, n. [Sax. AeZ, helaA 1. The hind part of the foot.
2. The whole foot. 3. The hind part of a shoe, either for
man or beast. 4, The part of a stocking intended for the
heel. 5. Something shaped like the human heel ; a pro-
tuberance or knob. 6. The latter part. 7. A spur. 8.
The after end of a ship's keel ; the lower end of the stem-
post to which it is connected ; also, the lower end of a
mast. — To be at the heels, to pm-sue closely ; to follow
hard ; also, to attend closely. — To show the heels, to flee ;
to run from. — To take to the heels, to flee ; to betake to
flight. — To lay by the heels, to fetter ; to shackle ; to con-
fine. — To have the heels of, to outrun. — Keck and heels,
the whole length of the body.
HEEL, V. i. To dance. Shak.
HEEL, v.t. 1. To arm a cock. 2. To add a heel to.
HEEL, V. i. [Sax. hjjldaii.] To incline ; to lean.
HEEL'ER, n. A cock that strikes well with his heels.
HEEL'-PIECE, n. I. Armor for the heels. Chesterfield. 2.
A piece of leather on the heel of a shoe.
HEEL'-PIeCE, V. t. To put a piece of leather on a shoe-
heel.
HEFT, n. [Sax. hefe.] 1. Heaving; effort; [obs.] Shak.
2. [D. heft.] A handle; a haft; [obs.] Waller. 3.
Weight ; ponderousness. [This use is common in popu-
lar language in America. And we sometimes hear it used
as a verb, as, to heft, to lift for the purpose of feeling or
judging of the weight.]
HEFT'ED, a. Heaved ; expressing agitation. Shak.
HEG, 71. A fairy ; a witch. See Hag.
HEGE-MON'I€, ( a. [Gr. rjYEijoviKog.] Ruling ; pre-
HE6E-MON'I-€AL, \ dominant. Fotherby.
*HE-GI'RA, n. [Ar. from hajara, to remove, to desert.] In
chronology, an epoch among the Mohammedans, from
which they compute time. The event which gave rise to
it was the flight of Mohammed from Mecca, July 16, A.D.
622.
HEIF'ER, (hefer) n. [Sax. heafre.] A young cow.
HElGH-HO, (hi'ho). An exclamation expressing some de-
gree of languor or uneasiness. Dryden has used it for the
voice of exaltation.
* HEIGHT, ) ,, -^ , r n. [Sax. heahtho, heatho, hehthe,
HiGHl', \ ^""^^ \ heotho, hethe, hlhth, hyhthe.]
fllGHTH, (hit-th) ( 1. Elevation above the ground;
any indefinite distance above the earth. 2. Tiie altitude
of an object; the distance which any thing rises above its
foot, basis or foundation. 3. Elevation of a star or other
celestial luminary above the horizon. 4. Degree of lati-
tude, either north or south. 5. Distance of one thing
above another. 6. An eminence ; a summit; an elevated
part of any thing. 7. A hill or mountain ; any elevated
ground. 8. Elevation of rank ; station of dignity or office,
y. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power,
learning, arts. 10. Elevation in fame or reputation. 11.
Utmost degree in extent or violence. 12. Utmost exer-
tion. 13. Advance ; degree ; progress towards perfection
or elevation. Addison.
HEIGHTEN, (hi'tn) v.t. 1. To raise higner ; but not often
used in this literal sense. 2. To advance in progress
towards a better state ; to improve ; to meliorate ; to in-
crease in excellence. 3. To aggravate ; to advance to-
wards a worse state ; to augment in violence. 4. To
ircrease.
HElGHT'ENED, (hi'tnd) pp. Raised higher; elevated;
exalted; advanced; improved; aggravated; increased.
HElGHT'EN-ING, (hi'tn-ing) ppr. Raising; elevating;
exaltin? ; improving; increasing; aggravating.
HElGHT'EN-ING, (hi tn-ing) n. 1. The act of elevating ;
increase of excellence ; improvement. 2. Aggravation ;
augmentation.
*HEI'NOUS, ) a. [The orthography hainous would be pref-
HaI'NOUS, i erable, as it gives the true pronunciation
and derivation of this word, which is from the Fr. hai-
neux.] Properly, hateful ; odious ; hence, great, enormous,
aggravated.
* HEI'NOUS-LY, adv. Hatefully ; abominablv ; enormously.
* HEI'NOUS-NESS, n. Odiousness ; enormity.
HEIR, (are) n. [Norm, hier, here.] 1. The man who suc-
ceeds, or is to succeed another in the possession of lands,
tenements and hereditaments, by descent. 2. One who
inherits, or takes from an ancestor. 3. One who succeeds
to the estate of a former possessor. 4, One who is entitled
to possess.
HEIR, (are) v. t. To inherit; to take possession of an
estate of inheritance, after the death of the ancestor. '
HEIR-AP-PA'RENT, n. lae man who has an absolute and
exclusive title to succeed to his estate or crown.
HElR-PRE-SUMP'TlVE, 71. One who, if the ancestor
should die immediately, would be heir, but whose right
of inheritance may be defeated by any contingencj'^, as by
the birth of a nearer relative.
HEIR'DoM, (are'dum) n. Succession by inheritance. Burke.
HEIR'ESS, (are'es) n. A female heu: ; a female that inherits
an estate ; an inheritrix.
HEIR'LESS, (are'les) a. Destitute of an heir.
HEIR'-LOOM, (are'loom) n. [heir, and Sax. loma.] Any
furniture, movable, or pei-sonal chattel, which by Aw de-
scends to the heir with the house or freehold.
HEIR'SHIP, (are ship) n. The state, character or privileges
of an heir; right of inheriting.
HELD, pret. andpj?. of hold.
tHELE, t'. t, [L.celo.] To hide. Oower.
HE-Ll'A-€AL, a. [L. heliacus.] Emerging from the light
of the sun, or passing into it.
HE-Ll'A-CAL-LY, adv. A star rises heliacally, when it
emerges from the sun's light, so as to be visible.
HEL'I-€AL, a. [Gr. fAt|.] Spiral; winding ; moving round.
Wilkins.
HEL'LCITE, n. Fossil remains of the helix, a shell.
He'LING, n. [L. celo.] The covering of the roof of a build-
ing ; written also hilling.
HE-LI-0-CENT'RI€, a. [Fr. heliocentrique.] The heliocen-
tric place of a planet is the place of the ecliptic in which
the planet would appear to a spectator at the centre of the
sun.
HE-LI-OL'A-TER, 7i. [Gr-jyAtos and Xarpeuo).] A worship-
er of the sun. Drummond.
HE-LI-OL'A-TRY, 71. [Gr fj'Xios ani^avficia.] The wor-
ship of the sun, a branch of Sabianism.
HE-LI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. tjXios and iierpeo}.] An mstru-
ment for measuring the diameter of the heavenly bodies.
He'LI-0-S€OPE, n. [Gr. 11X105 and (jkotteu).] A sort of tele-
scope fitted for viewing the sun.
He'LI-O-STATE, n. [Gr. >;Xjosand cTaros.] An uistrument
by which a sunbeam may be steadily directed to one
spot.
He'LI-O-TROPE, n. [Gr. rjXios and rpsTrw.] 1, Among the
ancients, an instrument or machine for showing when the
sun arrived at the tropics and the equinoctial line. 2. A
genus of plants, the turnsole. 3. A mineral.
HEL-IS-PHER'I€, I a. Spiral. The helispherical lice
HEL-IS-PHER'I-CAL, \ is the rhumb line in navigation.
He'LIX, 11. [Gr. iA(^.] I. A spiral line; a winding; or
something that is spiral. — ^2. In zoology, the snail-shell.
HELL, n. [i:ax.heU,helle.] 1. The place or state of pun -
ishment for the wicked after death. 2. The place of the
dead, or of souls after death ; the lower regions, or the
grave. 3. The pains of /tell, temporal death, or agonies
that dying persons feel, or which bring to the brink of the
grave. 4. The gates of hell, the power and policy of Sa-
tan and his instruments. 5. The infernal powers. 6.
The place at a running play to which are carried those
who are caught. 7. A place into which a tailor throws
his shreds. 8. A dungeon or prison ; [obs.]
HELL BLACK, a. Black as hell. Shak.
HELL -BORN, a. Born in hell.
HELL'-BRED, a. Produced in hell.
HELL'-BREWED, a. Prepared in hell.
HELL'-BROTH, n. A composition for infernal purposes.
HELL'-CAT, 71. A witch ; a hag. Middleton.
HELL-CON-FOUND 'ING, a. Defeating the infernal pow
ers.
HELL'-DOOMED, a. Doomed or consigned to hell. Milton
HELL'-G6V-ERNED, a.' Directed by hell. Shak.
HELL'-HAG, v. A hag of hell.
HELL'-HaT-ED, a. Abhorred as hell. Shak.
HELL'-HAUNT-ED, a. Haunted by the devil.
HELL'-HOUND, n. A dog of hell ; an agent of hell.
HELL'-KlTE, n. A kite of an infernal breed.
HEL'LE-BORE, n. [L. helleborus.] The name of several
plants of different genera, the most important of which
are the black hellebore, Christmas rose, or Christmas
flower.
HEL'LE-BO-RTSM, n. A medicinal preparation of helle-
bore. Ferrand.
HEL-Li?'NI-AN, ) a. [Gr. iWriviKog, iWrjviog.] Pertaining
HEL-LEN'ie, ) to the Hellenes, or inhabitants ol
Greece.
HEL'LEN-ISM, 71. [Gr. IWriviap-os.] A phrase in the idiom,
genius or construction of the Greek language.
HEL'LEN-IST, n. [Gr. iWriviarvs.] 1. A Grecian Jew ; a
* See S^opsis A, E, I, O, U Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD j— f Obsolete.
HEM
407
HEN
Jew who used the Greek language. 2. One skilled in the
Greek language.
HEL-LE-NIS'TI€, a. Pertaining to the Hellenists.
HEL-LE NIS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. According to the Helle-
nistic dialect. Gregory.
HEL'LE-NiZE, v. u To use the Greek language.
HEL'LES-PONT, n. A narrow strait between Europe and
Asia, now called the Dardanelles.
HEL-LES-PONT'iiNE, a. Pertaining to the Hellespont.
tHEL'LI-ER, n. A tiler or slater. See Hele.
HELL'ISH, a. 1. Pertaining to hell. 2. Like hell in quali-
ties ; infernal ; malignant ; wicked ; detestable.
HELL'ISH-LYj adv. Infernally ; with extreme malignity ;
wickedly ; detestably. Bp. Barloic.
HELL'ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of hell or of its inhabit-
ants ; extreme wickedness, malignity or impiety.
HELL'WAPvD, adu. Towards hell. Pope.
HELL'Y, a. Having the qualities of liell. Anderson.
HELM, a termination, denotes defense ; as in Sighelm, vic-
torious defense.
HELM, 71. [SsiX. hehna; G. helm.] 1 The instrument by
which a ship is steered. 2. Station of government j the
place of direction or management.
HELM, v.t. 1. To steer ; to guide ; to direct ; [little iised.]
Shak. 2. To cover with a helmet. Milton.
HELM, \ n. [Sax. helm.] 1. Defensive armor for the
HELM'ET, ] head] a head-piece: a morion. 2. The
part of a coat of arms that bears the crest. 3. The upper
part of a retort. — 4. In botany, the upper lip of a ringent
corol .
hIlmIiT-ED I '^- Furnished with a helmet.
HEL-MIN'THie, a [Gr. iXpiivs.] ExpeUing worms.
HEL-MIN'THI€, n A medicine for expelling worms.
HEL-MIN-TH0-L0G'I€, ) a. Pertaining to worms or
HEL-Mm-THO-LOG'I €AL, \ vermes.
HEL-MIN THOL'0-GIST, n. One who is versed in the
natural history of vermes.
riEL-MLNT-THOL O-GY, n. [Gr. f'Af/tv? and '\oyoi.] The
science or knowledge of vermes ; the description and
natural history of vermes.
HELM'LESS, a. I. Destitute of a helmet. 2. Without a
helm.
HELMS'MAN, n. The man at the helm.
HELM'WIND, n. A wind in the mountainous parts of
England, so called. Burn.
HEL'OT-ISM, n. Slavery ; the condition of the Helots,
slaves in Sparta. Stephens.
HELP, V. t. a regular verb ; the old past tense and partici-
ple holp and holpen being obsolete. [W. helpu ; Sax. helpan,
hijlpan.] 1. To aid ; to assist : to lend strength or means to-
wards effecting a purpose. 2. To assist ; to succor ; to
lend means of deliverance. 3. To relieve ; to cure, or to
mitigate pain or disease. 4. To remedy ; to change for
the better. 5. To prevent ; to hinder. 6. To forbear ; to
avoid. — To help forward, to advance by assistance. — To
help on, to forward ; to promote by aid. — To help out, to
aid in delivering from difficulty. — To help over, to enable
to surmount.— 7'o help off, to remove by help. — To help to,
to supply with ; to furnish with.
HELP, V. i. To lend aid ; to contribute strength or means.—
To help out, to lend aid ; to bring a supply.
HELP, 71. [W, help.] 1. Aid ; assistance. 2. That which
gives assistance ;" he or that which contributes to advance
a purpose. 3. Remedy ; relief. 4. A hired man or wo-
man ; a servant. United States.
HELP'ER, 71. L One that helps, aids or assists ; an assist-
ant ; an auxiliary. 2. One that furnishes or administers
a remedy. 3. One that supplies with any thing wanted ;
with to. 4. A supernumerary servant.
HELP'FUL, a. 1. That gives aid or assistance ; that fur-
nishes means of promoting an object ; useful. 2. Whole-
some ; salutary.
HELP'FTJL-NESS, n. Assistance ; usefulness.
HELP'LESS, a. 1. Without help in one's self j destitute of
the power or means to succor or relieve one's self. 2.
Destitute of support or assistance. 3. Admitting nohelp :
irremediable ; [not zised.] 4. Unsupplied ; destitute ; [obs.]
IIELP'LESS-LY, fl(Zy. Without succor. Kid.
HELP'LESS-I^ESS, n. Want of strength or ability; in-
ability.
HELP'MATL, n. A companion ; an assistant.
HEL'TER-SKEL'TER. Cant words denoting huiTy and
confusion. [ Vulgar.]
HELVE, (helv) n. [Sax. helf.] The handle of an axe or
hatchet.
HELVE, (helv) v. t. To furnish with a helve, as an axe.
HEL-VET'I€, a. [Sax. Hxfelden.] Designating what per-
tains to the Helvetii, or to the Swiss.
HEL'VIN, 71. A mineral of a yellowish color.
HEM, 71. [Sax. 7je?w.] 1. The border of a garment, doubled
and sewed to strengthen it, and prevent the raveling of
the threads. 2. Edge ; border. 3. A particular sound of
the human voice, expressed by the word hem.
HEM, v.t. 1. To form a hem or border ; to fold and sew
down the edge of cloth to strengthen it. 2. To border ;
to edge. — To hem in, to inclose and confine ; to surround,
to environ.
HEM, V. i. [D. hemmen ] To make the sound expressed by
the word hem.
HEM'A-€HATE, n. [Gr. aijia and axarris.] A species of
agate, of a blood color.
HEM'A-TIN, 71. The coloring principle of logwood.
HEM'A-TITE, 77. [Gr. aniariTrig.] The name of two ores of
iron, the red hematite, and the brown hematite.
HEM-A-TIT'I€, a. Pertauiing to hematite.
HEM'A-TOPE, n. The sea-pye, a fowl.
HEM-ER-O-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. i^/ttpa and jSaTrrw.J One of
a sect among the Jews who bathed every day.
HEM'I, in composition, from the Gr. Tj/^iernj, signifies half,
like demi and semi.
HEM'I-€RA-NY, n. [Gr. rj^iavg and Kgaviov.] A pain that
affects only one side of the head.
HEM'I-C-Y-€LE, n. [Gr. hl^iKVKKog.] Ahalfckcle.
HE-MID'I-TONE, n. In Greek music, the lesser third.
HEBI'I-NA, 7;. [L.] 1. In Roman antiquity, a measure con-
taining half a sextary. — 2. In medicine, a measure equal to
about ten ounces.
HEM'I-PLE-GY, 7?. [Gr. niJ^icvs and ttXj?)/??.] A palsy that
affects one half of the body.
HE-MIF'TEK, ) n. [Gr. >;//to-i; and TTTtpov.] An order of
HE-MTP'TE-RA, \ insects.
HE-MIP'TE-RAL, a. Having the upper wings half crusta-
ceous and half membranaceous.
HEM'I-SPHERE, n. [Gr. I'uxia^aipiov.] I. A half sphere ;
one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane
passing through its centre.— In astronomy, one half the
mundane sphere. 2. A map or projection of half the ter-
restrial globe.
HEM-I-SPHER'I€, \ a. Containing half a sphere or
HEiM-I-SPHER'I-€AL, S globe.
*HEM'I-STI€H, 71. [Gx.iijjLicTixiov.] Half a poetic verse,
or a verse not completed. Dryden.
HE-MIS'TI-€HAL, a. Pertaining to a hemistich ; denoting
a division of the verse. Warton.
HEM'I-TONE, 71. [Gx. hl^LTOviov.] A half tone in tbmsic ;
now called a semitone.
HEM'I-TROPE, a. [Gr. tjukjvs and rpsTrw.] Half turned ; a
hemitrope crystal is one in which one segment is turned
through half the circumference of a circle.
HEM'LOe, 71. [Sax. hemleac] 1. A plant of the genua
conium, whose leaves and root are poisonous. 2. A tree
of the genus pimis, an evergreen. 3. A poison, an infu-
sion or decoction of the poisonous plant.
HEM'MEL, 7!. A shed ; a hovel ; a covering for cattle.
HE-MOP'TY-SIS, ) a. [Gr. aiixa and nrvais.] A spitting of
PIE-MOP'TO-E, ] blood.
HEM'OR-RHAGE, \n. [Gr. aiixoppayia.] A flux of blood
HEM'0R-RHA-6Y, \ proceeding from the rapture of a
blood vessel, or some other cause.
HEM'OR-RHA-GIC, a. Pertaining to a flux of blood; con-
sisting in hemorrhage.
HEM'OR-RHOIDS, n. [Gr. aiijoppon.] A discharge of
blood from the vessels of the anus ; the piles ; in Scripture ,
emerods.
HEM-OR-RHOID'AL, a. 1. Pertaining to the hemorrhoids.
2. Consisting in a flux of blood from the vessels of the
anus.
HEMP, n. [Sax. henep ; G hanf.] 1. A fibrous plant consti-
tuting the genus cannabis, whose skin or bark is used for
cloth and cordage. 2. The skin or rind of the plant, pre-
pared for spinning.
HEMP-AG'RI-MO-NY, n. A plant.
HEMP'EN, (hemp'n) a. Made of hemp.
HEMP'Y, a. Like hemp. [Unusual.] Howell
HEN, 7!. [Sax. hen, henne.] The female of any kind of
fowl ; but it is particularly applied to the female of the
domestic fowl of the gallinaceous kind.
HEN'BANE, 7i. A plant, the hyoscyamus. Encyc.
HEN'BIT, 71. A plant, the ivy-leaved speed-well.
HEN'-€OOP, 71. A coop or cage for fowls.
HEN'-DRTV-ER, 71. A kind of hawk. Walton.
HEN'-HARM, )n. A species of kite, pygargus .^ins-
HEN'-HAR-RIER, \ worth.
HEN'HEART-ED, a. Cowardly ; timid ; dastardly
HEN'HOUSE, 71. A house or shelter for fowls.
HEN'PECKED, a. Governed by the wife. Dryden.
HEN'ROOST, 71. A place where poultry rest at night.
HENS'FEET, n. A plant, hedge-fumitory. Johnson.
HENCE, (hens) at^TJ. [Sax. Aeovia.] 1. From this place. 2.
From this time ; in the future. 3. From this cause or rea-
son, noting a consequence, inference or deduction from
something just before stated. 4. From this source or orig-
inal.— ITe/ice signifies from this, and from before hence la
' See !iynopsi,<>. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE j-BULL, UNITE.-C as K ; 6 as J -, S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
HER
408
HER
not strictly correct.— Hence, as a verb, to send off, as used
by Sidney_, is improper.
HENCE'FoRTH, (liens'forth) adt). Prom this time forward.
HENCE-FOR'WARD, (hens-for'vvard) adv. From this time
forward ; henceforth. Dry den.
f HENCH/JMAN, or f HENCH'BOY, n. [Sax. hinc.'] A page j
a servant Dryden.
tHEND, or f KENT, v. t. [Sax. hentan.] 1. To seize 5 to
lay hold en. 2. To crowd : to press on.
t HEND, or HENDY, a. Gentle. Chaucer.
HEN-DEG'A-GON, n. [Gr. ivScKa and yujvia.] In geome-
try, a figure of eleven sides, and as many angles.
HEN-DE€-A-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. ivScKa and cvWaPr}.]
A metrical line of eleven syllables.
IIEN-Dl'A-DIS, n.' [Gr.] A figure, when two nouns are
used instead of a noun and an adjective.
HEP, 71. [Sax. keap.] The fruit of wild brier, or dog-rose ;
commonly written hip. Bacon.
He'PAR, rt. [h.hepar.] A combination of sulphur with an
alkali.
HE-PAT'I€, i a. [I hepaticus.] Pertaining to the
HE-PATa-€AL, \ liver.
HEP'A-TITE, n. A gem or mineral ; fetid sulphate of barytes.
HEP'A-TiZE, V. t. To impregnate with sulphureted hydro-
gen gas^
HEP'A-TiZED, p^. Impregnated or combined with sulphur-
eted hydrogen gas.
HEP-A-TOS'eO-PY, n. [Gr. ^nap and cKoniu).] The art or
practice of divination by inspecting the liver of animals.
HEP'PEN, a. [Sax. hoiplic.] Neat ; decent •, comfortable.
Orose.
HEPS, n. The berries of the hep-tree.
HEP-TA-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [Gr. inra, and L. capsula.]
Having seven cells or cavities for seeds.
HEP'TA-€HORD, n. [Gr. irrra and XopcJ??.] A system of
seven sounds. — In ancient poetry, verses sung or played on
seven chords or different notes.
HEP'TA-GON, 71. [Gr. iiTTa and yoovia.] In geometry, a
figure consistuig of seven sides and as many angles. — In
fortification, a place that has seven bastions for defense.
HEP-TAG'O-NAL, a. Having seven angles or sides.
HEP'TA-GYN, n. [Gr. iirra and yvvrj.'j In botany, a plant
that has seven pistils.
HEP-TA-GYN'I-AN, a. Having seven pistils.
HEP-TA^HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. hra, and L. hexahe-
dral.] Presenting seven ranges of faces one above another,
each range containing six faces.
HEP-TAM'E-REDE, n. [Gr. hra and fiepis.] That which
divides into seven parts. A. Smith.
HEP-TAND'ER, n. [Gr. irrra and avvp.] In botany, a
plant having seven stamens.
HEP-TAN'DRI-AN, a. Having seven stamens.
HEP-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. hra, and L. angular.] Hav-
ing seven angles.
HEP-TAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. hra and (pvWov-] Having
seven leaves.
HEP-TAR'GHie, a. Denoting a sevenfold government.
HEP'TAR-€HIST, n. A ruler of one division of a heptar-
chy. Warton.
HEP'TAR-GHY, n. [Gr. iizra and aQ^n-l A government by
seven persons, or the country governed by seven persons.
But the word is usually applied to England, when under
the government of seven Saxon kings.
HEP'TA-TEUGH, n. [Gr. hra and Tivxo?.] The first
seven books of the Old Testament. [Little used.]
HEP'- TREE, 71. The wild dog-rose, a species of rosa.
HER, (hur) an adjective, or pi-onominal adjective, of the third
person. [Sax. Aire, sing, heoru.] 1. Belonging to a female.
2. It is used before neuter nouns in personification — Her
is also used as a pronoun or substitute for a female in the
objective case, after a verb or preposition.
HER'ALD, n. [Fr. heraut, for herault.] 1. An officer whose
business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to
battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the
commander of an army. 2. A proclairaer ; a publisher 3.
A forerunner; a precursor; a harbinger. 4. An ofiicer in
Great Britain, whose business is to marshal, order and
conduct royal cavalcades, ceremonies at coronations,
royal marriages, installations, creations of dukes and
other nobles, embassies, funeral processions, declarations
of war, proclamations of peace, &c. ; also, to record and
blazon the arms of the nobility and gentry, and to regu-
late abuses therein.— 5. Formerly, applied by the French
to a minstrel.
HER'ALD V. t. To introduce, as by a herald.
HER'AL-Die, or HE-RAL'DIG, a. Pertaining to heralds or
heraldry.
HER-ALD'RY, n. The art or office of a herald ; the art of
recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns
armorial.
HER'ALD-SHIP, n. The office of a herald. Selden.
HERB, (erb) n. [L. herba ; Fr. herbe.] 1. A plant or vegeta-
ble with a soft or succulent stalk or stem , which dies to the
root every year.— 2. In the Linnean botany, that part of a
vegetable which springs from the root and is terminated
by the fructification.
HERB'-GHRIST'O-PHER, n. A plant.
HERB-ROB'ERT, n. A plant, a species of geranium.
HER-Ba'CEOUS, a. [L. herbaceus.] Pertaining to herbs.
HERB'AGE, (erb'aje) n. [Fr.] 1. Herbs collectively;
grass ; pasture ; green food for beasts.— 2. In law, the liber-
ty or right of pasture in the forest or grounds of another
man.
HERBA6ED, (erb'ajd) a. Covered with grass. Thomson.
HERB'AL, n. 1. A book that contains the names and de-
scriptions of plants. 2. A hortus siccus, or dry garden ;
a collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved.
HERB'AL, a. Pertaining to herbs.
HERB'AL-IST, n. A person skilled in plants; one who
makes collections of plants.
fHERB'AR, u. An herb. Spenser.
HERB'A-RIST, n. A herbalist. [Little used.] Boyle.
HER-Ba'RI-UM, 71. A collection of dried plants.
HERB'A-RlZE. See Herborize.
HERB'A-RY, n. A garden of plants. Warton.
HERB'E-LET, 71. A small herb. Shak.
t HERB'ER, n. Formerly, an arbor. See Herbary.
HER-BES'CENT, a. [L. herbescens.] Growing into herbs
HERB'ID, a. [L. herbidus.] Covered with herbs.
HER-BIV'0-ROUS, a. [L, herba and voro.] Eating herbs;
subsisting on herbaceous plants.
HERB'LESS, (erb'Ies) a. Destitute of herbs. Warton.
HERB'0-RIST. [See Herbalist.] Ray.
HER-BO-RI-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of seeking plants in
the field ; botanical research. 2. The figure of plants m
minreal suhstances. See Arborization.
HERB'0-RiZE, v. i. To search for plants, or to seek new
species of plants, with a view to ascertain their charac-
ters, and to class them.
HERB'O-RiZE, v. t. To figure ; to form the figures of plants
in minerals. [See Arborize.] Fourcroy.
HERB'O-RiZED, pp. Figured ; containing the figure of a
plant ; as a mineral body.
HERB'0-RlZ-li\G, ppr. 1. Searching for plants. 2. Form-
ing the figures of plants in minerals.
t HER'BOR-OUGH, 71. [Germ. AerZ/er^.] Place of temporary
residence.
HEEB'OLS, a. [L. herbosus.] Abounding with herbs.
HERB'TJ-LENT, a. Containing herbs. Diet.
HERB'VVOM-AN, (erb'wum-an) n. A woman that sells herbs.
HERB'Y,a. Haying the nature of herbs. [L. u.] Bacon.
* HER-€u'LE-AN, a. [from Hercules.] 1. Very" great, difli-
cult or dangerous ; as, Herculean labor. 2. Having ex-
traordinary strength and size. 3. Of extraordinary
strength, force or power.
HER'€U-LeS, n. A constellation in the northern hemi-
sphere, containing 113 stars.
HER-CYN'I-AN,^ a. [from Her cynia.] Denoting an extensive
forest in Germany.
HERD, n. [Sax. herd, heard.] 1. A collection or assem-
blage ; applied to beasts, when feeding or driven together
2. A company of men or people, in contempt or detestation ;
a crowd ; a rabble.
HERD, n. [Sax. hyrd.] A keeper of cattle ; used by Spenser,
and still used in Scotlaitd, but in English now seldom or
never used, except in composition.
HERD, v. i. 1. To unite or associate, as beasts ; to feed or
run in collections. 2. To associate.
HERD, V. t. To form or put into a herd. B. Jonson.
t HERD'ESS, n. A shepherdess, Chaucer.
f HERD'GROOM, 7*. A keeper of a herd. Spenser.
HERD'ING,j>p7-. Associating in companies.
HERD'M AN, ) n. 1. A keeper of herds ; one employed in
HERDS'MAN, \ tending herds of cattle. 2. Formerly,
the owner of a herd.
HERE, adv. [Goth, and Sax. her ; G., D. hier.] 1. In this
place ; in the place where the speaker is present. 2. In
the present life or state, 3. It is used in making an offer
or attempt, 4, In drinking health.— /t is neither here nor
there, it is neither in this place nor in that ; neither in one
place nor in another.— ifcre and there, in one place and
another ; in a dispersed manner or condition ; thinly ; or
irregularly.
HeRE'A-BOUT, I , Ai, *.v,- 1
Hir.RE'A-BOUTS \ '^' -^"out this place. Addison.
HeRE-aF'TER, adv. 1. In time to come ; in some future
time. 2, In a future state,
HERE-AF'TER, 71. A future state. Addison
HERE-AT', ado. At this.
HERE-BY', adv. By this. V/atts.
HERE-IN', adv. In this.
HERE-IN-TO', adv. Into this. Hooker.
HERE-OF', a<Z«. Of this; from this. Shak.
HERE-ON', adv. On this. Brown.
HERE-OUT', a<fw. Out of this place. Spenser.
HERE-TO', adv. To this ; add to this.
* See Synopsis^. il, E, I, O, tJ, "?, long.— F]iR, F/^LL. WHAT :— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete^
HER
409
HES
HERE-TO-FoRE', adv. In times before the present ; for-
merly.
HERE-UN-TO', adu. To this. Hooker.
HERE-UP-ON', adv. On this,
HERE- WITH', adv. With this.— Most of the compounds of
here and a preposition, are obsolete or obsolescent, or at
least are deemed inelegant.
HE-RED'IT-A-BLE, a. [L. hmreditas.] That may be in-
herited. [JVot much used.l Locke.
HE-RED'IT-A-BLY, adv. By inheritance. Tooke, Russ.
Encyc.
*HER-E-DIT'A-MENT, n. [L. lic^es, hceredium.] Any
species of property that may be inherited.
HE-RED'I-TA RI-LY, adv. By inheritance; by descent
from an ancestor. Pope.
HE-RED'I-TA-RY, a. [Fr. hereditaire.] 1. That has de-
scended from an ancestor. 2. That may descend from an
ancestor to an heir; descendible to an heir at law. 3.
That is or may be transmitted from a parent to a child.
tHER'E-MIT, n. A hermit. Bp. Hall.
HER-E-MIT'I-CAL, o. Solitary ; secluded from society.
Pope. See Hermitical.
*HER'E-SI-ARePI, or HE-Re'SI-AR€H, n. [Gr. ojpso-tc
and ap^os.] A leader in heresy; the chief of a sect of
HER'E-SI-AR-€HY, n. Chief heresy.
HER'E-SY, n. [Gr. aipeais ; L. hceresis.] 1. A fundamental
error in religion, or an error of opinion respecting some
fundamental doctrine of religion. But in countries where
there is an established church, an opinion is deemed her-
esy, when it differs from that of the church. — In Scripture,
and primitive usage, heresy meant merely sect, party, or
the doctrines of a sect, as we now use denomination, or
persuasion, implying no reproach. — 2. Heresy, in law, is an
offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some
of its essential doctrines, publicly avowed and obstinately
maintained. 3. An untenable or unsound opinion or doc-
trine in politics. Swift.
HER'E-TIC, n. [Gr. aipETiKog.'] 1. A person under any re-
ligion, but particularly the Christian, who holds and
teaches opinions repugnant to the established faith, or
that which is made the standard of orthodoxy. 2. Any
one who maintains erroneous opinions. Shak.
HE-RET'I-CAL, a. Containing heresy ; contrary to the
established faith, or to the true faith.
HE-RET' I-CAL-LY, adv. In an heretical manner; with
heresy.
HER'E-TOG, ) n. [Sax. heretoga.] Among our Saxon an-
HER'E-TOCH, ) cestors, the leader or commander of an
army.
HER'I-OT, 11. [Sax. heregeat.] In English law, a tribute or
fine payable to the lord of the fee on the decease of the
owner, landholder, or vassal.
IIER'I-OT-A-BLE, a. Subject to the payment of a heriot,
HER'IS-SON, n. [Fr.] In fortification, a beam or bar
armed with iron spikes.
HER'I-TA-BLE, a. 1. Capable of inheriting, or taking by
descent. 2. That may be inherited. 3. Annexed to estates
of inheritance.
HER'I-TAGE, n. [Fr.] 1. Inheritance ; an estate that passes
from an ancestor to ah heir by descent or course of law ;
that which is inherited. — 2. In Scripture, the saints or
people of God.
HER-MAPH-RO-De'I-TY, n. Hermaphrodism.
HER-MAPH'RO-DISM, n. The union of the two sexes in
the same individual.
HER-MAPH'RO-DITE, 71. [Fr. ; Gr. frp/^a^po^tro?.] I. A
human being, having the parts of generation both of male
and female. — 2. In botany, a flower that contains both the
anther and the stigma. 3. A plant that has only hermaph-
rodite flowers.
HER-MAPH'RO-DITE, a. Designating both sexes in the
same animal, flower or plant.
HlR-Mi?™:SSaSAL, i «• P^'^t^king of both sexes.
HER-MAPH-RO-DIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. After the manner
of hermaphrodites.
HER-ME-NEU'TI€, ) a. [Gr. IpixvvtvriKo^.] Interpret-
HER-ME-NEu'TI-€AL, \ ing ; explaining ; unfolding the
signification.
IIER-ME-NEU'TI-€AL-LY, adv. According to the true art
of interpreting words, M. Stuart.
HER-ME-NEO'TICS, n. The art of finding the meaning of an
author's words and phrases, and of explaining it toothers.
HER-MET'ie, ; a. [Fr. hermetique.] 1. Designating
IJER-MET'I-€AL, \ chemistry ; chemical. 2. Designat-
ing that species of philosophy which pretends to solve
and explain all the phenomena of nature from the three
cbRmical principles, salt, sulphur aad mercury, 3. Desig-
nating the system which explains the causes of diseastJs
and the operations of medicine, on the principles of the
liermelical philosophy. 4. Perfectly close, so that no air
can escape.
HER-MET'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the hermetic art
chemically ; closely ; accurately.
HER'MIT, n. [Fr. hermite.] 1. A person who retires from
society and lives in solitude ; a recluse ; an anchoret. 2.
A beadsman ; one bound to pray for another.
HER'MI-TAGE, n. 1. The habitation of a hermit. 2. A cell
in a recluse place, but annexed to an abbey. 3. A kind
of wine.
HER'MI-TA-RY, n. A cell for the religious annexed to
some abbey,
HER'MI-TESS, n. A female hermit. Drummond.
HER-MIT'I-€AL, a. 1 . Pertaining to a hermit, or to re-
tired life. 2. Suited to a hermit.
HER-MO-DA€'TYL, n. [Gr. tpiJivi and SaKrvXos.] In ma-
teria medica, a root brought from Turkey. Encyc.
HER-MO-Ge'NI-ANS, n. A sect of ancient heretics.
HERN, n. A heron, which see.
HERNHILL, n. A plant.
HERN'I-A, 71. [L.] In 5Mr^er?/, a rupture ; a descent of the
intestines or omentum from their natural place.
tHERN'SHAW, w. A he. on. Spenser.
He'RO, 71. [L. Aeros,] 1. A man of distinguished valor, in-
trepidity or enterprise in danger. 2. A great, illustrious
or extraordinary person. — 3. In a poem, or romance, the
principal personage, or the person who has the principal
share in the transactions related. — 4. In pagan mythology y
a hero was an illustrious person, supposed after his death
to be placed among the gods.
HE-Ro'DI-ANS, n. A sect among the Jews.
HE-Ro'I€, a. Pertaining to a hero or heroes. 2. Becom-
ing a hero ; bold ; daring ; illustrious. 3. Brave ; intrepid ;
magnanimous ; enterprising ; illustrious for valor. 4.
Productive of heroes. 5. Reciting the achievements of
heroes. 6, Used in heroic poetry or hexameter. — Heroic
age, the age when the heroes, or tliose called the children
of the gods, are supposed to have lived,
HE-Ro'I-CAL, a. The same as heroic. [^Little used.]
HE-Ro'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of a hero ; with
valor ; bravely ; courageously ; intrepidly.
IIE-RO-I-€OM'I€, \ a. Consisting of the heroic and
HE-RO-I-eOM'I-€AL, \ the ludicrous ; denoting the high
burlesque.
* HER'O-lNE, (herfo-in) n. [Fr. heroine.] A female hero ; a
woman of a brave spirit. [Heroess is not in use.]
* HER'O-ISM, n. [Fr. heroisme.] The qualities of a hero ;
bravery; courage; intrepidity.
HER'ON, n. [Fr.] A large fowl that devoure fish,
HER'ON-RY, } n. A place where herons breed. Der-
HER'ON-SHAW, ] ham.
He'RO-SHIP, 71. The character of a hero. Cowper.
HER'PES, n. [Gr. tpiTng.] Tetters; an eruption on the
skin; erysipelas; ringworm, &c.
HER-PET'I€, a. Pertaining to the herpes or cutaneous
eruptions ; resembling the herpes.
HER-PEtIo-LOG'I-€AL, i ''■ Pertaining to herpetology.
HER-PE-TOL'0-GIST, 71. A person versed in herpetology,
or the natural history of reptiles.
HER-PE-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. tpTrsro?.] A description of
reptiles ; the natural history of reptiles.
HER'PLE, or HiR'PLE, v.i. To limp in walking ; to go
lame.
HER'RING, n. [Sax. hmring.] A small sea fish.
HER'RJNG-FISH'ER-Y, 71, The fishing for herrings.
HERRN-HUT'ER, n. [from the German huth des herm, the
assumed name of the habitation of the original Herrnhut-
ers.] One of a sect, established by Nicholas Lewis, count
of Zinzendorf, called also Moravians.
HERS, (hurz) pron. fern, possessive ; as, this house is hers,
that is, this is the house of her.
HER'SCHEL, (her'shel) n. A planet discovered by Dr. Her-
schel, in 1781.
HERSE, (hers) n. [Fr. herse.] 1. In /c7-t7^caeio??,, a lattice
or portcullis, in the form of a harrow, set with iron spikes.
2. A carriage for bearing corpses to the grave. 3. A tem-
porary monument set over a grave. 4. A funeral euiogv ;
[not used.]
HERSE, (hers) v. t. 1. To put on or in a herse. Shak. 2.
To carry to the grave.
HER-SELF', pron. [her and self.] 1. This denotes a fe-
male, the subject of discourse before mentioned, and is
either in the nominative or objective case. 2. Having
the command of herself ; mistress of her rational powers,
judgmenj; or temper. 3. In her true character.
HERSE'LiKE, (hers'Iike) a. Funereal; suitable to funerals.
Bacon.
HERS'IL-LON, n. In the military art, a plank or beam.
HERST, or HEURST. The same with hyrst.
tHER'Y, V. t. [Sax. herian.] To regard as holy.
HES'I-TAN-CY, n. A doubting ; a pausing to consider ,
dubiousness ; suspense.
HES'I-TANT, a. Hesitating; pausing; wanting volubility
of speech.
HES'I-TATE, V. i. [L. hcBsito.] 1. To stop or pause
!icc Synop is. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLl . ONITE— € as K ; G as .7 ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
HEX
410
HIE
respecting decision or action ; to be doubtful as fo fact, prin-
ciple or (ieterminalion ; to be in suspense. 2. To stam-
mer ; to stop in speaking.
HES'I-TA-TING, ppr. Doubting : pausing : stammering.
HES'I-TA-TING-LY, adv. With hesitation or doubt.
HES-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. A pausing or delay in forming an
opinion or commencing action ; doubt. 2. A stopping in
speech ; intermission between words j stammering.
f HESTj 71. [Sax. Affise.] Command ; precept ; injunction ;
order_^
HES-Pe'RI-AN, a. [L. kesperivs.] Western ; situated at
the w^st.
HES-Pe'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of a western country.
HES'TERN. See Yestern.
HET'E-RAR-€HY, n. [Gr. hepos and apx^-] The govern-
ment of an alien. Bp. Hall.
*HET'E-RO-€LlTE,?».. [Gr. irepo/cXtrov 1 1. Tn grammar,
a word which is irregular or anonaalous. 2. Any thing
or person deviating from common forms.
KET'E-RO-€LITE, ) a. Irregular ; anomalous ; devi-
HET-E-RO-€LIT'I€, [ ating from ordinary forms or
HET-E-RO-€LIT'I-€AL, ) rules.
t HET-E-RO€'LI-TOUS, a. Heteroclitic.
HET'E-RO-DOX, a. [Gr. irspps and So^a.] 1. In theology,
heretical ; contrary to the faith and doctrines of the true
church. 2. Repugnant to the doctrines or tenets of any
established church. 3. Holding opinions repugnant to
the doctrines of the Scriptures, or contrary to those of an
established church.
t HET'E-RO-DOX, n. An opinion peculiar.
HET'E-RO-DOX-Y, n. Heresy; an opinion or doctrine
contrary to the doctrines of the Scriptures, or contrary to
those of an established church.
f HET'E-RO-GEI\E, a. See the next word.
* HET-E-R0-6e'NE-AL, or * HET-E-R0-6e'NE-0US, a.
[Gr. irepog and yevos.] Of a different kind or nature ; un-
like or dissimilar^in kind.
HET-E-RO-GE-Ne'T-TY, n. 1, Opposition of nature; con-
trariety or dissimilitude of qualities ; [ill farmed.'] 2.
Dissimilar part ; something of a different kind.
*HET-E-RO-0e'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Difference of nature
and quality ; dissimilitude or contrariety in kind.
HET-E-ROPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. hepos and <pv\\ov.]
Producing a diversity of leaves.
HET-E-R0P'TI€S, n. False optics. Spectator.
HET-E-ROS'CIAN, -n. [Gr. tTEpog and uKia.'] Those inhab-
itants of the earth are called Heteroscians, whose shadows
fall one way only. Such are those who live between the
tropics and the polar circles.
HET-E-R,0S'CIAN, a. Having the shadow fall one v/ay
only. Gregory.
HST'TER, a. Eager ; earnest ; keen. Grose.
HEu'LAN-DITE,«. a mineral:
HEW, V. t.; pret. heiued ; pp. hewed, ox hewn. [Sax. heawian.']
1. I'o cut with an axe, or other like instrument, for the
purpose of making an even surface or side. 2. To chop ;
to cut ; to hack. 3. To cut with a chisel ; to make smooth.
4. To form or shape with an edged instrument ; with out.
5. To form laboriously.
HEW, n. ]. Destruction by cutting down. Spenser. 2.
Color. See Hue.
HEWED, pp. Cut and made smooth or even ; chopped ;
hacked ; shaped by cutting, or by a chisel.
HEWER, n. One who hews wood or stone.
HEWING, jjpr. Cutting and making smooth or even ; chop-
ping ; hacking ; forming by the chisel.
HEWN, pp. The same as hewed.
HEX'A-CHORD, n. [Gr. i| and %op5)7.] In ancient music,
an imperfect chord called a sixth; also, an instrument of
six chords.
HEX-A-DAC'TY-LOUS, a. [Gr. £| and ^a/cruXoj.] Having
six fingers or toes.
HEX A1>E, v. [Gr. i|-^ A series of six numbers.
HEX'A-GONj ji [Gr. f| and ywvia.] In geometry, a figure
of six sides an; six angles.
HEX-AG'O-NAL, a. Having six sides and six angles.
HEX AG'O-NY, for hexagon, is not used.
HEX- A-GYN, n. [Gr. f| and yvvr].'] In botany, a plant that
lias six pistils.
HEX-A-6YN'I-AN, a. Having six pistils.
HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. Of the figure of a hexahedron ; hav-
ing six equal sides.
HEX-A-HiL'DRON, n. [Gr. f| and t^pa.] A regular solid
body of six sides ; a cube.
HEX-A-HEM'E-RON, n. [Gr. f| and /y/zEpa.] The term of
six days. Good.
HEX-AM'E-TER, m. [Gr. f | and /^erpoi/.] In ancient poetry ,
a verse of six feet.
flEX-AM'E-TER, a. Having six metrical feet.
HEX-A-MET'Rie, ) a. Consisting of six metrical feet.
HEX-A-MET'RI-€AL, WaHon.
HEX-AN'DER, n. [Gr. i| and avr)p.\ In lotany, a plant
having six stamens.
HEX-AN'DRI-AN, a. Having six stamens.
HEX-AN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. if, and angular.] Having six
angles or corners.
HEX'A-PED, a. [Gr. i^ and ttous,] Having six feet.
HEX'A-PED, n. 1. An animal having six feet. [Johnson
writes this hexapod.] 2. A fathom ; [obs.]
HEX-A-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. i^ and TreraXov.] Having
six petals or flower-leaves.
HEX-APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. i| and ^uXXov.] Having six
leaves.
HEX'A-PLAR, a. [Gr. f| and aTrXow.] Sextuple ; contain-
ing six columns.
HEX'A-STICH, n. [Gr. i^ and on^os.] A poem consisting
of six verses.
HEX'A-STyLE, n. [Gr. i| and otuXoj. j A building with
six columns in front. Encye.
HEY. An exclamation of joy or mutual exhortation.
HEY'DaY, exclam. An expression of frolick and exulta-
tion, and sometimes of wonder. Shak.
HEY'DaY, n.A frolick ; wildness. Shak.
t HEY-DE GUY', n. [perhaps from /leyda?/ and ^wise.] A
kind of dance ; a country dance or round. Spenser.
t HI-a[^TION, m. [L. hio.] The act of gaping."
[L.] 1. An
a chasm. 2. The opening of the mouth in readin"g'of
HI-A'TUS, n.
opening; an aperture ; a gap ;
speaking. 3. A defect ; a chasm in a manuscript, where
some part is lost or effaced.
Hl'BER-NA-€LE, n. [L. hibernacula.'j 1. In botany, the
winter-quarters of a pliant. 2. The wmter-lodge of a wild
anhnal.
HI-BERN'ALj a. [L. hibemus.] Belonging to winter.
Hi'BER-NATE, v. i. [L. hiberno.] To winter ; to pass
the season of winter in close quarters or in seclusion.
Darwin.
HI-BER-Na'TION, n. The passing of winter in a close
lodge, as beasts and fowls. Darwin.
HI-BER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland.
HI-BER'NI-AN, 71. A native of Ireland.
HI-BERN'I-CISM, n. An idiom or mode of speech peculiar
to the Irish.
HI-BER'NO-CEL'TI€, n. The native language of the
Irish ; the Gaelic.
HIC'CIUS DOC'CIUS. [qu. hie est docius.] A cant word
for a juggler. Hudibras.
* HICCOUGH, or HICK'UP, n. [Dan. hik, or hikken.] A
spasmodic affection of the stomach, esophagus, and mus-
cles subservient to deglutition.
HICCOUGH, or HICK'UP, v. i. To have a spasmodic af-
fection of the stomach from repletion or other cause.
HICK'0-RY, 71. A tree, a species of jif^Zans or walnut.
HICK'WALL, ) n. [qu. hitchwalL] A small species of
HICK'WAY, \ woodpecker.
HID, or HID'DEN, pjj. of /tide. 1. Concealed; placed in se-
crecy. 2. a. Secret ; unseen. 3. Mysterious.
HiD'AGE, 71. An extraordinary tax formerly paid to the
kings of England for every hide of land.
HI-DAL'GO, 71. In Spain, a man of noble birth.
HID'DEN-LY, adv. In a hidden or secret fanner.
Hide, v. t.; pret. hid; pp. hid, hidden. [Sax. hydan.] 1. To
conceal ; to withhold or withdraw from sight. 2. To
conceal from knowledge ; to keep secret. — 3. In Scrip-
ture, not to confess or disclose ; or to excuse and extenu-
ate. 4. To protect ; to keep in safety.
Hide, v.i. To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of
view ; to be withdrawn from sight.— Bide and seek, a play
of boys, in which some hide themselves and another seeks
them.
Hide, n. In the ancient laws of England, a certain por
tion of land.
Hide, 7(. [&aK. hyd, hyde.] I. The skin of an animal. 2.
The human skin, in contempt.
HiDE'BOUND, a. 1. A horse is hidebound, when his skin
sticks closely to his ribs and back. 2. Harsh ; untracta-
ble ; [not used.] 3. Niggardly ; penurious ; [obs.]
* IIID'E-OUS, a. [Fr. hideux.] 1 Frightful to the sight ;
dreadful ; sliocknig to the eye. 2. Shocking to the ear •
exciting terror. 3. Detestable.
* HID'E-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to frighten ; dreadfullj- ,
shockingly.
* HID'E-OUS-NESS, n. Frightfulness to the eye ; dreadful-
ness ; horribleness.
HiD'ER, 71. One who hides or conceals.
HTD'ING, ppr. Concealing ; covering or withdrawing from
view ; keeping close or secret.
HiD'ING, 71. 1. Concealmen-t, 2. Withdrawment ; a with-
holding. Milner.
HiD'ING-PLACE, n. A place of concealment.
HiE, V. i. [Sax. higan, higian.] 1, To hasten ; to move of
run with haste ; to go In haste. 2. With the reciprocal
pronoun.
See Syn ^psis. A, E, T, O, O, It, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ,— f Obsolete.
HIG
411
HIG
f HIE, 71. Haste; diligence. Chaucer.
Hl'E-RAR€H, n. [Gr. kpo? and ap;^of.] The chief of a sa-
cred order; particularhj, the chief of an order uf angels.
HI-E-RAE,€H'AL, a. Belonging to a hierarch. Milton.
HI-E-RAR€H'I-€AL, a. Belonging to a sacred order, or to
ecaesiastica! government.
Hl'E-RAR-€HY, n. 1. An order or rank of angels or ce-
lestial beings ; or a subordination of hdy beings. 2.
Constitution and government of the Christian church, or
ecclesiastical polity, comprehending different orders of
clergy.
Hi'E-RO-GLYPH, J w. [Gr. kpoff and yXu^w.] 1 Inaw-
HI-E-RO-GLYPH'I€, \ tiqidty, a sacred character ; a mys-
tical character or symbol, used in writings and inscrip-
tions, particularly "by the Egyptians, as signs of sacred,
divine or supernatural things. 2. Pictures intended to
express historical facts. 3. The art of writing in pictui-e.
HI-E-RO-GLYPH'ie, ) a. Emblematic ; expressive of
I1I-E-R0-GLYPH'I-€AL, ) some meaning by characters,
pictures or figures.
HI-E-RO-GLYPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. Emblematically.
Hi'E-RO-GRAM, n. [Gr. hpos and ypaiina.] A species of
sacred writing.
HI-E-RO-GRAM-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. Upos and ypamia.] De-
notuig a kind of writing in sacred or sacerdotal charac-
ters.
HI-E-RO-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A writer of hieroglyphics.
HI-E-RO-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to sacred writ-
HI-E-RO-GRAPH'I-CAL, \ ing.
IIT-E-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. hpos and ypacpta.] Sacred
writing. [Little used.]
HI-E-R0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. lepos and 'Xoyog.] A discourse on
sacred things.
HT'E-RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. lepos and jxavTeta.] Divination
by observing the various things offered in sacrifice.
III-E-ROM'NE-MON, n. [Gr. lepos and iivrjixutv.] In ancient
Greece, a magistrate who presided over the sacred rites
and solemnities, &c. Mitford.
*Hl'E-RO-PHANT, or HI-ER'0-PHANT, n. [Gr. iepo(pav-
rrjs.] A priest ; one who teaches the mysteries and duties
of religion.
HIG'GLE, V. i. 1. To carry provisions about and offer them
for sale. 2. To chaffer ; to be difficult in making a bar-
gain.
IIIG'GLE-DY-PIG'GLE-DY, adv. In confusion ; a low
word.
HIG'GLER, n. 1. One who carries about provisions for
sale. 2. One who chaffers in bargaining.
High, (hi) a. [Sax. heah, hig, heh, or hih.] 1. Extending
a great distance above the surface of the earth ; elevated ;
lofty ; of great altitude. 2. Rising, or having risen, or
being far above the earth ; elevated ; lofty. 3. Elevat-
ed above the horizon. 4. Raised above any object. 5.
Exalted in nature or dignity. 6. Elevated in rank, condi-
tion or oftice. 7. Possessing or governed by honorable
pride ; noble ; exalted ; magnanimous ; dignified. 8. Ex-
alted in excellence or extent. 9. Difficult ; abstruse. 10.
Boastful; ostentatious. 11. Arrogant; proud; lofty;
loud. 12. Loud ; boisterous ; threatening or angry. 13.
Violent ; severe ; oppressive. 14. Public ; powerful ; tri-
umphant ; glorious. 15. Noble ; illustrious ; honorable.
16. Expressive of pride and haughtiness. 17. Powerful;
mighty. 18. Possessed of supreme power, dominion or
excellence. 19. Great; important ; solemn ; held in ven-
eration. 20. Violent ; rushing %vith velocity ; tempestu-
ous. 21. Tumultuous ; turbulent ; inflamed ; violent.
22. Full ; complete. 23. Raised ; accompanied by, or
proceeding from, great excitement of the feelings. 24.
Pvich ; luxurious ; well seasoned. 25. Strong ; vivid ;
deep. 26. Dear ; of a great price. 27. Remote from the
equator north or south. 28. Remote in past time ; early
informer time. 29. Extreme; intense. 30. Loud. — 31.
In music, acute; sharp. 32. Much raised. 33. Far ad-
vanced in art or science. 34. Great ; capital ; committed
against the king, sovereign or state. 35. Great; exalt-
ed. — High day high noon, the time when the sun is in the
meridian
High, adv. 1. Aloft ; to a great altitude. 2. Eminently ;
greatly. 3. With deep thought ; profoundly. 4. Power-
fully.
HIGH, 71. 1. An elevated place ; superior region.— On /ao-A,
aloud; [obs.] 2. Aloft.
HiGI-I, V. i. To hasten. See Hie.
HiGH'-aIMED, a. Having grand or lofty designs.
HiGH'-ARCHED, a. Having elevated arches. May.
HiGH'-AS-PiR'ING, a. Having elevated views; aiming
at elevated objects. Bp. Hall.
HTGH'-BLEST, a. Supremely happy. Milton.
HTGH'-BLdWN, a. Swelled much with wind ; inflated.
HTGH'-BORN, a. Being of noble birth or extraction.
HIGH'-BUiLT, a. 1. Of lofty structure. Milton. 2. Cov-
ered with lofty buildings. Creech.
HIGH'-€LIMB-ING, a. 1. Climbing to a great height. 2
Difficult to be ascended. Milton.
HlGH'-C6L-ORED, a. 1. Having a strong, deep or glar-
ing color. 2. Vivid ; strong or forcible in representa-
tion.
H-lGH'-DAY,_a. Fine; befitting a holyday. Shak.
HiGH'-DE-SlGN'ING, a. Formuig great schemes.
HiGH'-EM-BOWED, a. Having lofty arches. Milton.
HiGH'-EN-GEN'DERED, a. Engendered aloft, or in the
air. Shak.
High '-FED, a. Pampered ; fed luxuriously. Milton.
HiGH'-FLa-MING, a. Throwing flame to a great height.
HiGH'-FLl-ER, n. One tliat carries his opinions to extrav-
agance. Swift.
HTGH'-FLoWN, a. 1. Elevated ; swelled ; proud. 2.
Turgid; swelled; extravagant. L'Estrange.
HiGH'-FLUSHED, a. Much elated. Young.
HlGH'-FLY-ING, a. Extravagant in claims or opinions.
HiGH'-Ga-ZING, a. Looking upwards. More.
HiGH'-Go-ING, a. Moving rapidly. Massenger.
HiGH'-GRoWN, a. Having the crop considerably grown.
HiGH'-HeAPED, a. 1. Covered with high piles. Pope. 2
Raised in high piles. Pope.
HtGH'-HE ART-ED, a. Full of courage. Beaumont.
HiGH'-HEELED, a. Having high heels. Swift.
HIGH'-HUNG, a. Hung aloft ; elevated. Dryden.
HiGH'-LlVED, a. Pertaining to high life. Goldsmith.
HiGH'-MET-TLED, a. Having high spirit ; ardent.
HiGH'-BIlND-ED, a. 1. Proud ; arrogant. 2. Having hon
orable pride ; magnanimous ; opposed to mean.
HiGH'-OP-ER-a'TION, n. In surgery, a method of extract-
ing the stone from the human bladder, by cutting the up-
per part of it.
HlGH'-PLACE, n. In Scripture, an eminence or mound on
which sacrifices were offered.
HiGH'-PLaCED, a. Elevated in situation or rank.
High '-PRIEST, 71. A chief priest. Scripture.
HiGH'-PRIN-CI-PLED, a. Extravagant in notions of poli-
tics. Swift.
HIGH'-RaISED, a. I. Elevated ; raised aloft. 2. Raised
with great expectations or conceptions. Milton.
HiGH'-ReACH-ING, a. 1. Reaching to a great height. 2.
Reaching upwards. 3. Ambitious ; aspiring.
HiGH'-ReARED, a. Raised high; of lofty structure.
HiGH'-RED, a. Plaving a strong red color ; deeply red
HiGH'-RE-PENT'ED, a. Deeply repented. Shak.
HiGH'-B G-SOLVED, a. Very resolute. Tit. Andron.
HiGH'-ROOFED, a. Having a lofty or sharp roof.
HiGH'-SeA-SONED, a. Enriched with spices or other sea-
soning. _
HIGH'-SeAT-ED, a. Fixed on high ; seated in an elevated
place. Milton.
HiGH'-SlGHT-ED, a. Always looking upward.
HiGH'-SOUND-ING, a. Pompous ; noisy ; ostentatious.
HiGH'-SPIR-IT-ED, a. 1. Full of spirit or natural fire ,
easily irritated ; irascible. 2. Full of spirit ; bold ; dar-
ing.
HiGH'-SToM-ACHED, a. Having a lofty spirit; proud;
obstinate. Shak.
HiGH'-SWELL-ING, a. Swelling greatly ; inflated ; boast-
ful.
HiGH'-SWoLN, a. Greatly swelled. Shak.
HiGH'-Ta-PER, 71. A plant of the genus verbascum.
HiGH'-TaST-ED, a. Having a strong relish ; piquant.
HiGH'-TOWERED, a. Having lofty towers. Milto7i.
HiGH'-VlCED, a. Enormously wicked. Shak.
HIGH'- WROUGHT, a. 1. Wrought with exquisite art or
skill ; accurately finished. Pope. 2. Inflamed to a high
HiGH'LAND, n. Elevated land ; a mountainous region.
HiGH'LAND-ER, n. An inhabitant of the mountains.
HiGH'LAND-ISH, a. Denoting high or mountainous land.
HiGH'LY, (hi'ly) adv. 1. With elevation in place. 2. In a
great degree. 3. Proudly ; arrogantly ; arabifiously. 4.
With elevation of mind or opinion ; with great estmja-
tinn.
t HiGH'MoST, a Highest. Shak.
HiGH'NESS, (hi'nes) n. 1. Elevation above the surface ;
loftiness ; altitude ; height. 2. Dignity ; elevation in
•rank, character or power. 3. Excellence ; value. Howell.
4. Violence. 5. Great amount. 6. Acutenass. 7. In
tenseness, as of heat. 8. A title of honor given to princes
or other men of rank.
HiGHTH, ; n. [See Height.] Elevation; altitude; lofti-
HlGHT, \ ness.
fHlGHT, to call, to promise, to command, &c., is a false
orthography from Saxon hatan. Chaucer.
High WA-TER, n. The utmost flow or greatest elevation
of the tide ; also, the time of such elevation.
HiGH'WA-TER-MARK, n. The line made on the shore by
the tide at its utmost height.
HiGH-WaY', n. 1. A public road ; a way open to all pas-
sengers. 2. Course; road; train of action.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
HIN
412
HIS
HTGH-WAY'MAN, n. One who robs on the public road, or
huKs in toe highway for the purpose of robbing.
HIG LA-PER, n. An herb. Ainsworth.
f HiL'A-RATE. See Exhilarate.
HI-LAR'I-TY, n. [L. Mfflriias.] Mirth 5 merriment ; gaye-
ty. — Hilarity diners from joy ,• the latter, excited by good
news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind ; the form-
er, by social pleasure, drinking, &c., which rouse the an-
imal spirits.
HIL'A-RY-TERM, n. The teim of courts, &c. which be-
gins January 23. England.
HILD I G and D. held, Dan. heldt^ a hero] is retained in
names ; as IFildeheH, a bright hero.
, HILD'ING, n. [qu. Sax. hyldan.] A mean, sorry, paltry
man or woman. Shak.
HILL, n. [Sax. hill, or hyl.] 1. A natural elevation of land,
or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the
surrounding land ^ an eminence. 3. A cluster of plants,
and the earth raised about them as, a hill of maize.
U. States.
HILL, V. t. 1. To raise earth abou, plants ; to raise a little
mass of earth. Farmers in JVew England hill their maize
in July. 2. [Sax. Jielan.l To cover ; [obs.]
HILLED, pp. or a. Having hUIs.
HLLL'ING, 71. 1. A covering; [obs.] 2. The act of raising
the earth around plants.
HILL'Oe, n. A small hill. Milton.
HILL'SlDE, n. The side or declivity of a hill.
HILL'Y, a. Abounding with hills ; as, a hilly country.
HILT, n. [Sax. hilt.] The handle of any thing.
HILT'ED, a. Having a hilt.
Hi'LUM, 71. [L. ; W, hil.] The eye of a bean or other
seed.
HIM, pron. The objective case of Ae. [L. cum.]
HIM-SELF', pron. In the nominative or objective case. 1.
He ; but himself is more emphatical, or more expressive
of distinct personality, than he. 2. V/hen himself is add-
ed to he, or to a noun, it expresses discrimination of per-
son with particular emphasis. 3. When used as the re-
ciprocal pronoun, it is not usually emphatical. 4. It was
formerly used as a substitute for neuter nouns. 5. Him-
self is used to express the proper character, or natural
temper and disposition of a person ; as, let him act him-
self. — By himself , alone 3 unaccompanied; sequestered
HIN, n. [Heb. p.] A Hebrew measure of capacity contain-
ing the sixth part of an ephah, or about five quarts, English
measure.
HiND, n. [Sax., G., D. hinde.] The female of the red deer
or stag.
HiND, n. [Sax. hine.] 1. A domestic ; a servant ; [obs.]
S'lak. 2. A peasant ; a rustic ; or a husbandman's sei-vant.
English.
HlNfi, a. [Sax. hyndan.] Backward ; pertaining to the part
which follows ; in opposition to the fore part : as, the hind
legs of a quadruped.
HiND'BER-RY, n. A species of rubus.
HiND'ER, a. ; comp. of hind. That is in a position contra-
ry to that of the head or fore part.
HIN'DER, 2). t. [Sax. henan, hynan, hindrian.] 1. To stop;
to interrupt ; to obstruct ; to impede or prevent from mov-
ing forward by any means. 2. To retard ; to check in
progression or motion ; to obstruct for a time, or to render
slow in motion. 3. To prevent.
HIN'DER, V. i. To interpose obstacles or impediments,
HIN'DER-AJVCE, n. 1. The act of impeding or restraining
motion. 2. Impediment ; that which stops progression or
advance ; obstruction.
HIAT'DERED, pp. Stopped ; impeded ; obstructed ; retarded.
HIND'ER-ENDS, n. Refuse of corn, such as remains after
it is winnowed. JSTorth of England.
HIN'DER-ER, n. One who stops or retards ; that which
hinders.
HIN'DER-ING, ppr. Stopping ; impeding ; retarding.
HiND'ER-LING, n. A paltry, worthless, degenerate ani-
mal.
HIND'ER-MoST, a. That which is behind all others ; the
last. [But we now use hindmost.]
HiND'MoST, a. The last ; that is in the rear of all others.
HTN'DOO, n. An aboriginal of Hindostan.
HINGE, (hiuj') n. 1. The hook or joint on which a door or
gate turns. 2. That on which any thing depends or turns.
3. A cardinal point, as east, west, north or south ; [little
used.] — To be off the hinges, is to be in a state of disorder
or irregularitv. Tillotson.
HINGE, V. t. 1. To furnish with hinges. 2. To bend ; [l.u.]
HINGE, V. i. To stand, depend or turn, as on a hinge.
HINGE, a. Active ; supple ; pliant. Cheshire Gloss.
HING ING, ppr. Depending ; turning.
t HIN'Ny'^''' ^' \ ^" *'• 1^^* ^^'*™''-] ^^ "^'S^^- ^' Jo^^on.
HINT, V. t. [It oenno.] To bring to mind by a slight men-
tion or remote allusion ; to allude to ; to suggest.
HINT, 3 i To hint at, is to allude to ; to mention slightly.
HINT, n. 1. A distant allusion ; slight mention ; intlma
tion ; insinuation. 2. Suggestion.
HIP, n. [Sax. hipe, hype, hypp.] The projecting part of an
animal, formed by the os ilium, or haunch bone ; the
haunch ; the joint of the thigh. — To have on the hip, to
have the advantage over one.— Hip and thigh, complete
overthrow or defeat. Judges, xv.
HIP, V. t. To sprain or dislocate the hip.
HIP, or HOP, n. The fruit of the dog-rose, or wild brier.
HIP, HIPPED, HIP'PISH. See Hyp.
HIPE, V. i. To push with the head. Grose.
fHIP'HALT, a. [hip and halt.] Lame; limping. Gower
HIP'PE-LAPH, n. An annual of the deer kind.
HIP'PINS, n. plu. Stepping stones over a brook , children's
clothes ; a kind of towel ; a clout. Craven dialect.
HIP'PO-€AMP, n. [Gr. l-ir-oKaixTTos.] A name given to the
sea-horse. Browne.
HIP-PO-CEN'TAUR, 71. [Gr. linTOKEVTavpos.] In ancient fa-
ble, a suoposed monster, half man and half horse.
HIPTO-€RAS, n. [Fr.] A medicinal drink, composed of
wine with an infusion of spices and other ingredients
HIP-P0€'RA-TeS' SLEEVE. A kind of bag, made by
uniting the opposite angles of a square piece of flannel
used for straining sirups and decoctions.
HIP-P0-€RAT'I€ FACE. [1,. fades hippocratica.] Pale,
sunken, and contracted features, considered as a fatal
sj'mptom in diseases. Parr.
HIP-PO€'RA-TISM, n. The philosophy of Hippocrates, as
it regards medicine. Chambers.
HIP PO-DAME, 71. A sea horse. Spenser.
HIP'PO-DROME, n. [Gr. ?7r7ro^po/;of .] .Anciently, a circus,
HIFPO-GRIFF, n. [Fr. hippogriffe.] A fabulous anunal,
half horse and half griffon ; a winged norse.
HIP'PO-LITH, n. [Gr. 'nrnog, a horse, and )<idog, a stone.]
A stone found in the stomach or intestines of a horse.
Qidncy.
HIP'PO-MANE, 71. [Gr. iTT-nrog and fiavia.] 1. A sort of
poisonous substance, used, anciently, as a philter or love-
charm. — 2. In botany, the manchineel-tree.
HIP-POPH'A-GOUS, a. Feeding on horses, as the Tartars
HIP-POPH'A-GY, 71. [Gr. ittttoj and (payu).] The act 01
practice of feeding on horses. Q,uart. Rev.
HIP-PO-POT'A-MUS, ) n. [Gr. Ittttos and iroraixos.] Thc-
HIP-PO-POT'A-MY, \ river-horse, an animal that inhab-
its the Nile and other rivers in Africa.
HIP'ROOF, n. A roof that has an angle.
HIPfSHOT, a. Having the hip dislocated.
HIP'WoRT, 71. A plant.
tHIR, [Sax. hyra,] in our old language, is their.
HIRE, V. t. [Sax. hyran.] 1. To procure from another per-
son and for temporary use, at a certain price. 2. To en-
gage in service for a stipulated reward ; to contract with
for a compensation. 3. To bribe ; to engage in immoral
or illegal service for a reward. — To hire out one^s self, to
let ; to engage one's service to another for a reward. — To
hire, or to hire out, to let ; to lease.
HIRE, n. [Sax. hyre.] 1. The price, reward or compensa-
tion paid or contracted to be given for the temporary use
of any thing. 2. Wages ; the reward or recompense paid
for personal service.
HiRED, pp. 1. Procured or taken for use, at a stipulated or
reasonable price ; as, a hired farm. 2. Employed in ser-
vice for a compensation.
HlREfLESS, a. Without hire ; not rewarded. Davenant.
HiRE'LING, n. 1. One who is hired, or who serves for
wages. 2. A mercenary ; a prostitute. Pope.
HiRE'LING, a. Serving for wages ; venal ; mercenary ;
employed for money or other compensation.
HiR'ER, 71. One that hires ; one that procures the use of
any thing for a compensation ; one who employs persons
for Avages, or contracts with persons for service.
HiR'ING, ppr. Procuring the use of for a compensation.
HiR'SLE, V. i. To move about. Craven dialect.
HIR-StJTEf, a. [L. hirsutus.] 1, Hairy ; rough with hair;
shaggy ; set with bristles. — 2. In botany, it is nearly s)'-
nonymous with hispid, but it denotes having more hairs
or bristles, and less stiff,
PITR-SuTE'NESS, n. Hairiness. Burton.
HIS, (hiz) prov. possessive of he. [Sax. gen. hys, and hyse,
male,] 1. Of him. 2. The present use of his is as a pro
nominal adjective, in any case indifferently, coiTespond-
ing to the L, suus ; as, tell John his papers are ready.
3. His was formerly used for its, but improperly. 4. It
was formerly used as the sign of the possessive ; as, the
man his ground, for the man's ground. 5. His is still
used as a substitute for a noun, preceded by of. — Hisself
is no longer used.
HIS'IN-GE-RITE, n. A mineral.
HISK, v.i. To breathe short through cold or pain ; to draw
the breath with difficulty. JsTorth of England.
HIS'PID, a. [L. hispidus.] 1. Rough.— 2. In botany, hav-
ing strong hairs or bristles.
HISS, V. i. [Sax. hysian.] 1. To make a sound by driving
* See synopsis A, fi, I, O, V, Y, long.— FA.R, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
HIT
413
HOB
une breath between the tongue and the upper teeth ; to
give a strong aspiration resembling the noise made by a
serpent. 2. To express contempt or disapprobation by
hissing. 3. To whiz, as an arrow or otiier thing in rapid
flight.
HISS, V. t. 1. To condemn by hissing ; to explode. 2. To
procme hisses or disgrace.
HISS, 71. 1. The sound made by propelling the breath be-
tween the tongue and upper teeth ; the noise of a ser-
pent, a goose, <£c. 2. An expression of contempt or dis-
approbation, used in places of public exhibition.
IIISS'ING, p;jr. Making the noise of serpents.
lirSS'ING, 71. 1. A hissing sound ; an expression of scorn or
contempt. 2. The occasion of contempt ; the object of
scorn and derision.
H [SS'ING-LY, a<Zij. With a whistling sound. Sherwood.
H [ST, ezclam. [Dan. hyst.'] A word commanding silence j
equivajent to hush, be silent.
t HIS-To'RI-AL, a. Historical. Chaucer.
HIS-To'RI-AN, 71. [Fr. Mstorien.] A writer or compiler of
history.
HIS-TOR'I€, ) a. [L. historicus.] 1. Containing history,
HlS-TOR'I-€AL, \ or the relation of facts. 2. Pertaining
to history. 3. Contained in history ; deduced from histo-
ry. 4. Representing history.
HIS-T0R'I-€A1,-LY, adv. In the manner of history ; by
way of narration.
HIS'TO-RIED, a. Recorded in history. [JSTot much in ztse.]
tHIS-To'RI-ER, 71. A historian.
* t HIS'TO-RI-F1?, or HIS-ToR'I-FY, v. t. To relate ; to
record in history. Sidncij.
HIS-TO-RI-OG'RA-PHER, 7i. [Gr. laTopia and ypacpw.] A
historian ; a writer of history •, particularly, a professed
historian ; an officer employed to write the history of a
prince or state.
HIS-TO-RI-OG'RA-PHY, ti. The art or employment of a
historian.
t HIS-TO-RI-OL'0-GY, 71. A discourse on history, or the
knowledge of history.
HIS'TO-RY,72. [Gr. laropia ; L., Sp., Port, historia.] 1. An
account of facts, particularly of facts respecting nations or
states ; a narration of events in the order in which they
happened, with their causes and effects. History differs
from annals. Annals relate simply the facts and events
of each year, in strict chronological order, without any
observations of the annalist. History regards less strictly
the arrangement of events under each year, and admits
the observations of the writer. 2. Narration ; verbal
relation of facts or events ; story. 3. Knowledge of facts
and events. 4. Description ; an account of things that
exist. 5. An account of the origin, life and actions of an
individual person.
HIS'T0-RY-PIeCE,7i. a representation of any remarkable
event in painting.
t HIS'TRI-ON, 71. A player. Pope.
HIS-TRI-ON'I€, ) a. [L. histrionicus .] Pertaining to a
HIS-TRI-0N'I-€AL, ] buffoon or comedian, or to a panto-
mime ; belonging to stage-playing ; theatrical.
HIS-TRI-ON'I-€AL-LY, adu. In the manner of a buffoon
or pantomime ; theatrically.
HIS'TRI-O-NISM, 71. The acts or practice of buffoons or
pantomimes ; stage-playing. Southey.
HIT, V. t. ,• pret. and pp. hit. [Sw. hitta.] 1. To strike or
touch, either with or without force. 2. To strike or touch
a mark with any thing directed to that object ; not to
miss. 3. To reach ; to attain to. 4. To suit ; to be con-
formable. 5. To strike 3 to touch properly ; to offer the
right bait. — To hit off. 1. To strike out; to determine
luckily. 2. To represent or describe exactly. — To hit out,
to perform by good luck. Spenser.
HIT, V. i. 1 To strike ; to meet. or come in contact; to
clash. 2. To meet or fall on by good luck ; to succeed by
accident ; not to miss. 3. To strike or reach the intend-
ed point ; to succeed. — To hit on or upon, to light on ; to
come to or fall on by chance ; to meet or find, as by acci-
dent.
HIT, 71. 1. A striking against; the collision of one body
against another. 2. A chance ; a casual event. 3. A lucky
chance ; a fortunate event. 4. A term in back-gammon.
HITCH, ?;. i. [W. hecian.] 1. To move by jerks, or with
stops. 2. To become entangled ; to be caught or hooked.
3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses. 4. To
hop ; to spring on one leg ; [local.] 5. To move or walk.
Grrose.
HITCH, V. t. 1. To hook ; to catch by a hook. 2. To fasten
by hitching. JVew England.
HITCH, 71. 1. A catch ; any thing that holds. 2. The act
of catching, as on a hook, &c. — 3. In seamen''s languarre,
a knot or noose in a rope for fastening it to a ring or other
object. 4. A stop or sudden halt in walking or moving.
HITCHED, pp. Caught ; hooked ; fastened.
[ HITCH'EL, V. t. To hatchel. See Hatchel.
HTTHE, 71. [Sax. hyth.] A port or small haven ; as in
Queenhithe. {English.']
HITH'ER, adv. [Sax. hither, ox hider.] 1. To this place j
used with verbs signifying motion. 2. Hither and thither,
to this place and that. 3. To this pouit ; to this argument
or topic ; to this end.
HITH'ER, a. Nearest ; towards the person speaking.
HITH'ER-MoST, a. Nearest on this side. Hale.
HITH'ER-TO, adv. 1. To this time ; yet. 2. In any time,
or every time till now ; in time preceding the present. 3.
To this place ; to a prescribed limit.
HITH'ER-WARD, ) adv. This way ; towards this place.
HITH'ER-WARDS, \ Shak.
HIVE, 71. [Sax. hyfe.] 1. A box, chest or kind of basket
for the reception and habitation of a swarm of hcney-bees.
2. A swarm of bees ; or the bees inhabiting a hive. 3. A
company or society together, or closely connected.
HIVE, V. t. 1. To collect into a hive ; to cause to enter a
hive. Drydcn. 2. To contain ; to receive, as a habitation,
or place of deposit.
HIVE, V. i. To take shelter or lodgings together ; to reside
m a collective body. Pcqie
HiVED, pp. Lodged in a hive or shelter.
HiV'ER, n. One that collects bees into a hive.
HIVES, 71. plu. Eruptions in the skin. JSTorth of England.
HIVES, 71. [Scot. qu. heave.] A disease, the croup, or
cynanche trachealis ; rattles.
fHIZZ, 7;. ?. To hiss. Shak.
t HIZZ'ING', 71. A hissing or hiss. May.
HO, ezclam. A word used by teamsters, to stop their teams
It has been used as a noun, for stop, moderation, bounds
This word is pronounced, also, icho, or /two.
HO, n. Stop ; bonnd ; limit. Harvey.
HO, } exclam. [L. eho.] A call to excite attention, or tr
HOA, \ give notice of approach.
HoAR, a. [Sax. har.] 1. White ; as hoar frost. 2. Gray ;
white with a'^e ; hoary.
HoAR, 71. Hoariness ; antiquity. Burke.
HoAR, 7). i. To become moldy or musty. [Little used.^
HoAR'- FROST, 71. The white particles of ice formed by the
congelation of dew or watery vapors.
Hoard, 71. [SSx. hard.] A store, stock or large quantity of
any thing accumulated or laid up ; a hidden stock 3 a
treasure.
Hoard, v. t. To collect and lay up a large quantity of any
tiling ; to amass and deposit in secret ; to store secretly.
Hoard, v. i. To collect and form a hoard 5 to lay up
store.
HoARD'ED, pp. Collected and laid up in store.
HoARD'ER, u. One who lays up in store ; one who accu-
mulates and keeps in secret.
HoARD'ING, ppr. 1'. Laying up in store. 2. a. Instinctively
collecting and laying up provisions for winter.
t HoAR'ED, a. Moldy : mustv.
HoAR'HOUND. See Horehound.
HoAR'I-NESS, 71. The state of being white, whitish or
gray.
Hoarse, (hors) a. l. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice,
as when affected with a cold. 2. Rough ; grating ; dis-
cordant, as the voice, or as any sound.
HoARSE'LY, adv. With a rough, harsh, grating voice or
sound. Dry den.
HoAESE'N^SS, 71. Harshness or roughness of voice or
sound ; preternatural asperity of voice.
HoAR'Y, n. 1. White or whitish. 2. White or gray with
age. 3. Moldy; mossy, or covered with a white pubes-
cence.
HoAST, 71. A cough. See Haust.
HoAX, 71. [Sax. Imcse, or h^lcx.] Something done for de-
ception or mockery ; a trick played off in sport.
HoAX, V. t. To deceive ; to play a trick upon for sport, or
without malice. [A colloquial word.]
HOB, ) 71. [Ban. hob.] The nave of a wheel ; a solid piece
HUB, ] of timber in which the spokes are inserted. Wash-
ington.
HOB, 71. A clown ; a fairy.
HOB OR NOB. See Hobnob.
HOB'BISM, 71. The principles of the sceptical Thomas
Hobbes. Skclton.
HOB'BIST, 71. A follower of Hobbes.
HOB'BLE, V. i. [W. hobelu.] 1. To walk lamely, bearing
chiefly on one leg ; to limp ; to walk with a hitch or hop,
or with crutches. 2. To walk awkwardly. 3. To move
roughly or irregularly, as verse.
t HOB'BLE, V. t. To perplex.
HOB'BLE, 71. I. An unequal, halting gait ; an encumbered,
awkward step. 2. Difliculty ; perplexity.
HOB'BLE-DE-HOY, 71. A cant phrase for a boy at the age
of puberty. Swift.
HOB'BLER, 71. One that hobbles.
HOB'BLER, 71. One who by his tenure was to maintain a
hobby for military service ; or one who served as a soldier
on a hobby with light armor.
HOB'BLING, ppr. Walking with a halting or interrupted
step.
HOB'BLING-LY, adv. With a limping or interrupted step.
See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BTILL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tiiis. t Obsolete.
HOG
414
HOL
HOEfBy, n. [W. hohel.] A kind of hawk j a hawk of the
lure. Encyc.
HOB'BY, n. [No in., Fr. hobyn.'j 1. A strong active hoi-se,
of a middle size ; a nag ; a pacing Iiorse ; a garran. 2. A
©tick, or figure of a horse.^ on which boys ride. 3. Any
favorite object ; that wliicli a person pursues with zeal or
delight. 4. A stupid fellow.
HOB'BY-HOKSE, n. [Tautological.] 1. A hobby; a wood-
en horse on wliicli boys ride. 2. A character in the old
May games. 3. A stupid or foolish person. 4. The fa-
vorite object of pursuit.
HOB'GOB-LIN, n. A fairy ; a frightful apparition
Ho'BIT, n. [Sp. hobus.] A small mortar, or short gun. See
Howi^TZER, the common orthography.
HOB'LiKE, a. Clownish ; boorish. Cotgrave.
HOB'NAiL, n. [G. ImfnageL] 1. A nail with a thick, strong
head, for shoeing horses. 2. A clownish person, in con-
tempt. Milton.
HOB'N AILED, a. Set with hobnails ; rough.
HOB'NOB, adv. [qu. Sax. habban.] Take or not take.
HOB'SON'S CHOICE. A vulgar proverbial expression, de-
noting a choice in which there is no alternative.
Ho'BOY. See Hautboy.
HOCK, n. [Sax. hoh.] 1. The joint of an animal between
the knee and the fetlock. 2. A part of the thigh.
HOCK, or HOC'KLE, v. t. To hamstring ; to hough ; to
disable by cuttijig the tendons of the ham.
HOCK, n. [from Hochheim, in Germany.] A soi-t of Rhen-
ish wine 3 sometimes called hockamore.
t HO€K'A-MORE, 71. Old, strong Rhenish wine. Hudibras.
HOCK'DAl , or HoKE'DAY, n. High day ; a day of feast-
ing and mirth, formerly held in England.
t HOCK'EY, n. \G. hock.] Harvest-home.
HOCK'HERB, n. A plant, the mallows. AinsiDorth.
HOC'KLE, v.t. 1. To hamstring. 2. To mow.
Ho'CUS Po'CUS, 71. [W. hoced, and perhaps biDg or pwca.]
A juggler ; a juggler's trick ; a cheat used by conjurers.
Ho'CUS Po'CUS, V. t. To cheat. L^Estrange.
HOD, 71. [Fr. hotte.] A kind of tray for carrying mortar
and brick, used in bricklaying.
HOD'DY, a. Well ; pleasant ; in good spirits. Grose.
t HOD'DY-DOD'DY, n. An awkward or foolish person
IIGD6E'-P0D6E, or HOTCH'-POTCH, 71. [qu. Fr. hocher.]
A mixed mass 3 a medley of ingredients. [ Vulgar.] See
Hotchpot.
HO-DI-ERN'AL, a. [L. hodiernus.] Of this day ; belonging
to the present day.
HOD'MAN, 71. A man who carries a hod.
HOD'MAN-DOD, n. 1. A shell-fish, otherwise called dod-
man. 2. A shell-snail.
HOE, (ho) 71. [G. haue.] A farmer's instrument for cutting
up weeds and loosening the earth in fields and gardens.
HOE, V. t. 1. To cut, dig, scrape or clean with a hoe. 2.
To clear from weeds.
HOE, V. i. To use a hoe.
HoED, pp. Cleared from weeds, or loosened by the hoe.
HoE'ING, ppr. 1. Cutting, scraping or digging with a hoe.
2. Clearing of weeds with a hoe.
t Ho'Fi,L, a. [Sax. hohfull, hogfull.] Careful.
t HO'F'UL-LY, adv. Carefully. Stapleton.
HOG, 71. [W. kwg.] 1. A swine ; a general name of that
species of animal. — 2. In England, a castrated sheep of a
year old. 3. A bullock of a year old, 4. A brutal fel-
low ; one who is mean and filthy. — 5. Among seamen, a
sort of scrub Ding-broom for scraping a ship's bottom under
water.
HOG, V. t. 1. To scrape a ship's bottom under water. 2.
[G. hocken.] To carry on the back ; [local.] Grose. 3.
To cut the hair short, like the bristles of a hog ; [local.]
HOG, V. i. To bend, so as to resemble in some degree a
hog's back.
HOG'COTE, 71. [hog and cote.] A shed or house for swine ;
a sty Mortimer.
HOGGED, pp. 1. Scraped under water. 2. Curving; hav-
ing the ends lower than the middle.
HOG'GER-EL, n. A sheep of the second year. .^sh. A
two year old ewe. Ainsworth.
HOG'GET, 71. [Norm, ho^et.] 1. A sheep two years old.
2. A colt of a year old, called, also, hog-colt ; [local.]
Grose. 3. A young boar of the second year. Cyc.
HOG'GISH, a. Having the qualities of a hog ; brutish ;
gluttonous ; filthy ; meanly selfish.
HOG'GISH-LY, ado. In a brutish, gluttonous or filthy
manner.
HOG'GISH-NESS, n. Brutishness ; voracious greediness in
eating ; beastly filthiness ; mean selfishness.
t HOGH, 71. [See High.] A hill ; a clifi". Spenser.
HOG'HERD, 71. A keeper of swine. Browne.
Ho'GO, 71. [corrupted from haut gout.] High flavor ; strong
HOG'PEN, 71. [hog and pen.] A hogsty.
HOG'-PLUMB-TREE, n. A tree.
HOG'-RING-ER, n One whose business is to put rings in
thb snouts of swine.
HOG'S'-BeANS, n. A plant. Amfiworth.
HOG'S'-BREADj n. A plant.
HOG'S'-FEN-NEL, n. A plant of the genus ^eMce(Za7iM7a
HOG'S'-MUSH-ROOMS, n. A plant. Jiinsworth.
HOGS'HEAD, n. [D. oxhoofd.] 1. A measure of capacity,
containing 63 gallons.— 2. In America, this name is often
given to a butt, a cask containing from 110 to 120 gallons.
3. A large cask.
HOG'-SHkAR-ING, n. A ludicrous term, denoting much
ado about nothing.
HOG '-STEER, n, [Sax. steor.] A wild boar of three years
old. Cockeram.
HOG'STY, n. A pen or inclosure for hogs.
HOG' WASH, 71. [hog and wash.] Swill; the refuse matters
of a kitchen for swine.
HoHL'SPATH, n. The mineral otherwise called made,
and chiastolite.
HOI'DEN, n. [W. hoeden.] I A rude, bold girl ; a romp
2. A rude, bold man. Milton.
HOI'DEN, a. Rude; bold; inelegant; rustic.
HOI'DEN, V. i. To romp rudely or indecently.
HOIST, V. t. [G. hissen ; D. hyssen.] 1. To raise ; lo lift.
2. To raise, to lift or bear upwards by means of tackle.
3. To lift and move the leg backwards.
HOIST, 71. In marine language, the perpendicular height
of a flag or ensign, as opposed to the Jiy, or breadth from
the stafi"to the outer edge.
HOIST'ED, 2}p- Raised ; lifted ; drawn up.
HOIST'ING, ppr. Raising; lifting.
HOIT, V. i. [Icel. hauta.] To leap ; to caper. Beaumont.
HOI'TY TOI'TY, an exclamation, denoting sui-prise or dis-
approbation, with some degree of contempt. Congreve.
HOLC'AD, n. [Gr. bXKaSiov.] In ancient Greece, a large
ship of burden. Mitford,
HoLD, V. t. ; pret. held ; pp. held. Ilolden is obsolete in ele-
gant writing. [Sax. healdan.] 1. To stop ; to confine ; to
restrain from escape ; to keep fast; to retain. 2. To em-
brace and confine, with bearing or lifting. 3. To connect ;
to keep from separation. 4. To mamtain, as an opinion.
5. To consider ; to regard ; to think ; to judge, that is, Ir
have in the mind. 6. To contain, or to have capacity to
receive and contain. 7. To retain within itself; to keep
from running or flowing out. 8. To defend ; to keep
possession ; lo maintain. 9. To have. 10. To have or
possess by title. 11. To refrain ; to stop ; to restrain ; to
withhold. 12. To keep. 13. To fix ; to confine ; to
compel to observe or fulfill. 14. To confine ; to restrain
from motion. 15. To confine ; to bind ; in a legal or
moral sense. 16. To maintain; to retain; to continue.
17. To keep in continuance or practice. 18.' To continue ;
to keep; to prosecute or carry on. 19. To have in ses-
sion. 20. To celebrate ; to solemnize. 21. To maintain ;
to sustain ; to have in use or exercise. 22. To sustain ;
to support. 23. To carry ; to wield. 24. To maintain ;
to observe in practice. 25. To last ; to endure.
To hold forth. 1. To ofier ; to exhibit ; to propose. Locke.
2. To reach forth; to put forward to view. — To hold in,
1. To restrain ; to curb ; to govern by the bridle. 2. To
restrain in general ; to check ; to repress. — To hold off, to
keep at a distance. — To hold on, to continue or proceed
in.'— To hold out. 1. To extend; to stretch forth. 2. To
propose; to offer. B. Jonson. 3. To continue to do or
suffer. — To holdup. 1. To raise. 2. To sustain ; to sup-
port. 3. To retain ; to withhold. 4. To offer ; to exhibit.
5. To sustain ; to keep from falling. — To hold o7ie's own,
to keep good one's present condition. — In seamen''s lan-
guage, a ship holds her own, when she sai's as fast as
anofher ship, or keeps her course.
HoLD, V. i. 1. To be true ; not to fail ; to stand, as a fact
or truth. 2. To continue unbroken or unsubdued. 3. To
last ; to endure. 4. To continue. 5. To be fast ; to be
firm ; not to give way, or part. 6. To refrain. 7. To
stick or adhere.
To hold forth, to speak in public ; to harangue ; to preach ;
to proclaim. — To hold in. 1. To restrain one's self. 2.
To continue in good luck. — To hold off, to keep at a dis-
tance ; to avoid connection. — To hold of, to be dependent
on ; to derive title from. — To hold on. 1. To continue ;
not to be interrupted. 2. To keep fast hold ; to cling to.
3. To proceed in a course. — To hold out. 1. To last; to
endure ; to continue. 2. Not to yield ; not to surrender ;
not to be subdued. — To hold to, to cling or cleave to ; to
adhere. — To hold under, or from, to have title from. — To
hold with, to adhere to ; to side with ; to stand up for.—
To hold plough, to dkect or steer a plough by the hands,
in tillage. — To hold together, to be joined; not to sepa-
rate ; to remain in union. — To hold up. 1. To support
one's self. 2. To cease raining; to cease, as falling
weather. 3. To continue the same speed ; to run or move
as fast. — To liold a wager, to lay, to stake or to hazard a
wager. — Hold, used imperatively, signifies stop , cease ;
forbear ; be still.
HoLD, n. 1. A grasp with the hand ; an embrace with the
arms. 2. Something which may be seized for support ,
* S3f Synofsis A, E, T, O, U, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD
t Obsolete
HOL
415
HOM
that which supports. 3. Power of keeping. 4. Power of
seizing. 5. A prison ; a place of confinement. 6. Cus-
tody ; safe keeping. 7. Power or influence operating on
the mind ; advantage that may be employed in directhig
or persuading another. 8. Lurking place ; a place of se-
curity. 9. A fortified place ; a fort ; a castle. 10. The
whole interior cavity of a ship, between the floor and the
lower deck. — 11. In music, a mark directing the per-
former to rest on the note over which it is placed.
HoLD'BA€K, n. Hinderance ; restraint. Hammond.
HoLD'ER, n. 1. One who holds or grasps in his hand, or
embraces with his arms. 2. A tenant; one who holds
land under another. 3. Something by which a tiling is
held. 4. One who owns or possesses- — 5. In sliipSy one
who is employed in the hold.
HoLD'ER-FoRTH, n. A haranguer ; a preacher.
HoLD'FAST, n. A thing that takes hold ; a catch ; a
hook.
HoLD'ING, ■pjyr. Stopping ; confining ; restraining ; keep-
iag; retaining; adhering; maintaining, &:c.
HoLD'ING, 11. 1. A tenure ; a farm held of a superior. 2.
The burden or chorus of a song. Shak. 3. Hold ; influ-
ence ; power over. Burke.
HOLE, n. [Sax. hoi.'] 1. A hollow place or cavity in any
solid body, of any shape or dimensions, natural or artifi-
cial. 2. A perforation; an aperture; an opening in or
through a solid body. 3. A mean habitation ; a nairow
or dark lodging. 4. An opening or means of escape ; a
subterfuge. — Arm-hole. 1. The arm-pit ; the cavity under
the shoulder of a pei-son. 2. An opening in a gEirment for
the arm.
HOLE, V. i. To go into a hole. B. Jonson.
HOLE, V. t. 1. To cut, dig or make a hole or holes in. 2.
To drive into a bag, as in billiards.
HOLE, a. Whole.
HOL'I-BUT. See Halibut.
Ho'LI-DAM, n. Blessed lady ; an ancient oath
HOL'I-DAY. SeeHoLYDAY.
Ho'LI-LY, adv. 1. Piously ; with sanctity. 2. Sacredly ;
inviolably ; without breach ; [little used.] Shak.
Ho'LI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being holy ; purity or in-
tegrity of moral character ; freedom from sin ; sanctity.
2. Purity of heart or dispositions ; sanctified affections ;
piety ; moral goodness. 3. Sacredness ; the state of any
thing hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his worship.
4. That which is separated to the service of God. 5. A
title of the pope, and formerly of the Greek emperors.
HoL'ING-AXE, n. A narrow axe for cutting holes in posts.
HOL'LA, or HOL-LoA, exclam. A word used in calling.
— Among seamen, it is the answer to one that hails,
equivalent to / hear, and am ready.
HOL-LA',or HOL-Lo', ■«- i. [Sax. ahlowan.] To call out or
xclairn. See Halloo.
HOL'LAND, n. Fine linen manufactured in Holland.
HOL'LAND-ER, n. A native of Holland.
HOL'LANDS, n. A kind of cant tenn for gin.
HOL'LEN. See Hollt.
HOL'LoW, a. [Sax. hoi.] 1. Containing an empty space ;
not solid. 2. Sunk deep in the orbit. 3. Deep; low ;
resembling sound reverberated from a cavity, or desig-
nating such a sound. 4. Not sincere or faithful ; false ;
deceitful; not sound.
HOL'LoW, 71. 1. A cavity, natural or artificial ; any de-
pression of surface in a body ; concavity. 2. A place
excavated. 3. A cave or cavern ; a den ; a hole ; a broad
open space in any thing. 4. A pit. 5. Open space of
any thing ; a groove : a channel ; a canal.
HOL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. holian.] To make hollow, as by
digging, cutting'or engraving; to excavate.
HOL'LoW, V. i. To shout. See Holla and Hollo.
HOL'LoW, adv. He carried it hollow, that is, he gained
the prize without difficulty. A colloquial expression.
Craven dialect.
HOL'IiOWED, pp. Made hollow ; excavated.
HOL'LoW-E^ED, a. Having sunken eyes.
HOL'LoW-HEaRT-ED, a. Insincere ; deceitful ; not
sound_and true. Butler.
HOL'LoW-ING, ppr. Making hollow ; excavating.
HOL'LQW-LY, adv. Insincerely ; deceitfully.
HOL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. The state of being hollow ; cav-
ity ; depression of surface ; excavation. 2. Insincerity ;
deceitfulness ; treachery.
HOL'LoW-ROOT, n. A plant, tuberous moschatel.
HOL'LoW-SPa'R. The mineral called, also, chiastolite.
HOL'LY, il. [Sax. holegn.] The holm tree, of the genus
ilex, of several species.
HOL'LY-HOCK, n. [Sax. holihoc] A plant of the genua
alcea. It is called, also, rose-mallow.
HOL'LY-ROSE, n. A plant. Tate.
HoLM, n. 1. The evergreen rak ; the ilex. 2. An islet,
or river isle. 3. A low, flat tract of rich land on the
ban ks of a river.
HoLM'EN, a. Made of holm. West of England.
HOLM'ITE, n. A variety of carbonate of lime.
HOL'O-CAUST, n. [Gr. h\o? and Kavaroi.'] A burnt-sacri-
fice or offering.
HOL'O-GRAPH, n. [Gr. h\os and ypa^w.] A deed or tes-
tament written wholly by the grantor's or testator's own
hand.
HOL-0-GRAPH'l€, a. Written wholly by the grantor or
testator himself.
HO-LOM'E-TER, 71. [Gr. 6Xoj and //frpew,] An instrument
for takinj all kinds of measures ; a pantoraeter.
HoLP, HoLP'EN, the antiquated ;7ref. and pp. of help.
HoL'STER, 71. [Sax. /icoZster.] A leathern case for a pistol
carried by a horseman.
HoL'STER, v.i. To bustle ; tomnke a disturbance. Grose
HoL'STERED, a. Bearing holsters. Byron.
HoLT, n. [Sax. holt.] A wood or woodland ; obsolete, ex-
cept in poetry. Drayton.
Ho'LY, a. [Sax. halig , G., D. heilig.] 1. Properly , whole ^
entire or perfect, in a moral sense. Hence, pure in heart,
temper or dispositions ; free from sin and sinful affections.
2. Hallowed ; consecrated or set apart to a sacred use.
3. Proceeding from pious principles, or directed to pious
purposes. 4. Perfectly just and gooii. 5. Sacred. — Holy
of holies, in Scripture, the innermost apartment of the
Jewish tabernacle or temple, where the ark was kept. —
Holy Ghost, or Holy Spirit, the Divine Spirit; the third
person in the Trinity ; the Sanctifier of souls. — Holy loar,
a war undertaken to rescue the holy land, the ancient
Judea, from the infidels ; a crusade.
H5'LY-€R0SS day. n. The fourteenth of September.
HOL'Y-DAY, n. 1. A day set apart for commemorating
some important event in history ; a festival. 2. A day
of joy and gayety. 3. A day of exemption from labor ; a
day of amusement.
HOL'Y-DAY, a. Pertaining to a festival.
Ho'LY-ONE, 71. 1. An appellation of the Supreme Being,
byway of emphasis. ^. An appellation of Christ. 3.
One separated to the service of God.
Ho'LY-KOOD day, n. A festival observed by Roman
Catholics in memory of the exaltation of our Savior's
Ho'LY-THlS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus c7iic?w.
Ho'LY-THURS'DAY, n. The day on which tlie ascension
of our Savior is commemorated, ten days before Whitsun-
tide. Johnson.
Ho'LY-WEEK, n. The week before Easter, in which the
passion of our Savior is commemorated.
HOM' AGE, n. \Yr. hommage.] 1. In feudal Zoio, the sub-
mission, loyalty and service which a tenant promised to
his lord or superior. 2. Obeisance ; respect paid by ex-
ternal action. 3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Be-
ing; reverential worship; devout affection.
HOM'AGE, v. t. To pay respect to by external action ; to
give reverence to ; to profess fealty. '
HOM'AGE- A-BLE, a. Subject to homage. Howell.
HOM'A-GER, n. One who does homage, or holds land of
another by homage. Bacon.
HOM'BERG'S PY-ROPH'O-RUS. Ignited muriate of lime.
HOME, 71. [Sax. ham ; G,, D. heim.] 1. A dwelling house ;
the house or place in which one resides. 2. One's own
country. 3. The place of constant residence ; the seat.
4. The grave; death; or a future state. 5. The present
state of existence.
HOME, a. Close ; severe ; poignant ; as, a home thrust.
HOiME, adv. [This is merely elliptical ; to being emitted.]
1. To one's own habitation ; as, go home. 2. To one's
own country. — Home is opposed to abroad, or in a foreign
crnntry. 3. Close; closely; to the point.
HoME'BORN, a. 1. Native; natural. Donne. 2. Do-
mestic ; not foreign. Pope.
HoME'BRED, a. 1. Native ; natural. 2. Domestic ; orig-
inating at home ; not foreign. 3. Plain ; rude ; artless ;
uncultivated ; not polished by travel.
HoME'FELT, a. Felt in one's own breast; inward; pri-
vate. Milton.
HoME'KEEP-ING, a. Staying at home. Shak.
HoME'LESS, a. Destitute of a home.
HolNIE'LI-LY, adv. Rudely ; inelegantly.
HoME'LI-NESS, n 1. Plainness of features ; want ol
beauty. 2. Rudeness ; coarseness. Addison.
HoME'LOT, 71. An inclosure on or near which the mansion
house stands.
HoME'LY, a. 1. Of plain features ; not handsome. 2.
Plain ; like that which is made for common domestic use ;
rude ; coarse ; not fine or elegant.
HoME'LY, adv. Plainly ; rudely ; coarsely, [Little used.]
HoME'LYN, 77. A fish.
HoME'MADE, a. Made at home ; being of domestic manu
facture. Locke.
O'MER ' ( "• "^ Hebrew measure containing the tenth
CHo'MER > P^"^' ^^ ^° ephah, or about six pints.
HO-MER'I€, a. Pertaining to Homer, or to his poetry ; re-
sembling Homer's verse.
S&e Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S a.s Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thi^ f Obsolete
HON
416
HOO
JiOME'SPkAK IXG, 71. Forcible and efficacious speaking.
^tlilton.
HoME'SPUN, a. 1. Spun or wrought at home ; of domestic
manufacture. 2. Not made in foreign countries, 3.
Plain ; coarse j rude ; liomeiy ; not elegant.
HoME'SPUN, 11. A coarse, unpolished, rustic person.
HoME'STALL, ) n. 1. The place of a mansion house ; the
HoME'STEAD, \ inclosure or ground immediately con-
nected with the mansion. 2. Native seat j original sta-
tion or place of residence.
HOME' WARD, \ adv. Toward home ; toward one's hab-
HoAlE'WARDS, \ itation or country.
HwME'WAED-BOUND, a. Destined for home 3 returning
from a foreign country .0 the place where the owner re-
sides.
HOM-1-ClD'AL, a. [from homicide.'] Pertaining to homi-
cide ; murderous ; bloody.
HOM'I-CiDE, n. fFr., from L. Ao?«ict«Ziim.] 1. Tlie killing
of one man or human being by another. Homicide is of
ihree ^'mds— justifiable, excusable^ and felonious. 2. A
person who kills another ; a manslayer.
HOM-I-LET'I€, \ a. [Gr. huCKriTiKOi.'] 1. Pertaining to
HOM-I-jjET'I-€AL, \ familiar intercourse ; social ; con-
vei'sable ; companionable. — 2. Homiletic theology, a branch
of practical theology, also c^MeA pastoral theology.
HOM'I-LtST, n. One that preaches to a congregation.
HOM'I-LY, 71. [Fr. homelie,] A discourse or sermon read or
pronounced to an audience.
HOM'MO€, 71. A hillock or small eminence of a conical
form, sometimes covered with trees. Bartravi.
HOM'MO-NY, 71. [Indian.] In America, maize hulled, or
hulled and broken, but coarse, prepared for food by being
mixed with water and boiled.
HO-MOE-0-Me'RI-A, n. A likeness of parts.
H0-M0-6e'NE-AL, \ a. [Fr. hoTuogene ; Gr. bjioyevric.']
HO-MO-Ge'NE-OUS, \ Of tne same kind or nature ; con-
sisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature.
H0-M0-6E'NE-AL-NESS, or HO-MO-GE-NE'I-TY. Words
not to be encourau-ed ; equivalent to
HO-MO-Gk NE-OUS-NESS, n. Sameness of kind or nature.
* H0M'0-6E-NY, 71. Joint nature. Baco7i.
HO-MOL'O-GATE, v. t. [It. omologare.] To approve ; to
allow. Wheaton's Rep.
HO-MOL'O-GOUS, a. [Gr. hixos and Aoyof.] Proportional to
each other ; a term in geometry.
HO-MON'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. 6//a)i/u//oj.] Equivocal ; ambig-
uous ; that has different significations.
H0-M0N<Y-M0U&-LY, adv. In an equivocal manner.
HO-MON'Y-MY, n. [Gr. 6/twj/u^ta;.] Ambiguity ; equivoca-
tion. Johnson.
HO-MOPH'O-NY, n. [Gr. huos and (povrj.] Likeness of
sound.
HO-MOT'O-NOUS, a. [Gr. b{ios and rovos.] Equable 5 of
the same tenor ; applied to diseases. Quinc^j.
:ONE, 71. [Sw. /ten.- • " "
ening instruments.
5w. /ten.] A stone of a fine grit, used for sharp-
HONE, V. t. To rub and sharpen on a hone.
t HONE, V. i. To pine 5 to long. ^QU. W. hawn.]
HoNE'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus sison.
HON'EST, (on'est) a. [Fr. honnm.] 1. Upright ; just ; fair
in dealing with others. 2. Fair ; just ; equitable ; free
from fraud. 3. Frank ; sincere ; unreserved ; according
to truth. 4. Sincere ; proceeding from pure or just prin-
ciples, or directed to a good object. 5. Fair ; good ;
unimpeached. 6. Decent; honorable; or suitable. 7.
Chaste ; faithful.
t HON'EST, (on'est) v. t. To adorn ; to grace. Sandys.
t HON'ES-TATE, v. t. To honor. Cockeram.
t HON-ES-Ta'TION, n. Adornment ; grace.
HON'EST-LY, (on'est-ly) adv. 1. Uprightly ; justly ; with
integrity and fairness. 2. With frank sincerity ; without
fraud or disguise ; according to truth. 3. By upright
means ; with upright conduct. 4. Chastely ; with conju-
gal loyalty and fidelity.
HON'ES-T"
»N'ES-TY, (on'es-ty) n. [Fr. honnitetc ; L. honestas.'] 1.
In principle, an upright disposition ; moral rectitude of
heart; a disposition to conform to justice and correct
moral principles, in all social transactions. 2. Fairness ;
candor ; truth. 3. Frank sincerity.
HoN'EY, (hun'y) ?i. [Sax. hunig.] 1. A sweet vegetable
juice, collected by bees from the flov/ers of plants. 2.
Sweetness ; lusciousness. 3. A word of tenderness ;
sweetness ; sweet one.
HoN'EY, V. t. 1. To talk fondly ; [I. u.] 2. To sweeten.
H6N'EY-BAG, n. The stomach of a honey-bee. Grew.
H6N'EY-€oMB, n, A substance formed by bees into cells
for repositories of honey.
HoN'EY-CoMBED, a. Having little flaws or cells.
HoN'EY-DEW, n. A sweet, saccharine substance, found
on the leaves of trees and other plants.
HoN'EYED, a. 1. Covered with honey. 2. Sweet.
H6N'EY-FLOW-ER, n. A plant.
HoN'EY-GNAT, n. An insect. Ainsioorth.
HOI^ EY-GUIDE, n. A species of cuckoo.
HON'EY-HAR'VEST, n. Honey collected. Dryden.
HoN'EY-LESS, a. Destitute of honey. Shak.
H6N'EY-Lo-€UST, n. A plant, the three-thorned acacia
HoN'EY-MOON, Hi. The first month after marriage
HON'EY-MONTH, \ Addisoii.
HON'EY-MOUIHED, a. Soft or smooth in speech.
HoN'EY-STALK, n. Clover-flower. Mason.
HON'EY-STONE. See Mellite.
H6N'EY-SU€-KLE, 71. A genus of plants
HON'EY-SWEET, a. Sweet as honey. Chancer.
HoN'EY-ToNGUED, a. Using soft speech. Shak.
HoN'EY-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus cerinthe.
HoN'IED. See Honeyed.
t HoN'IED-NESS, 71. Sweetness ; allurement. Cutgrave
HON'OR, (on'ur) n. [Ij. honor, honos ; Fr. honneur ; Sp.
honor.] 1. The esteem due or paid to worth ; high estima-
tion. 2. A testimony of esteem ; any expression of re-
spect or of high estimation by words or actions. 3. Dig-
nity : exalted rank or place ; distinction. 4. Reverence ;
veneration. 5. Reputation ; good name. 6. True noble-
ness of mind; magnanimity. 7. An assumed appearance
of nobleness ; scorn of meanness, springing from the fear
of reproach, without regard to principle. 8. Any particu-
lar virtue much valued ; as bravery m men, and chastity
in females. Shak. 9. Dignity of mien ; noble appearance.
10. That which honors ; he or that which confers dignity.
11. Privileges of rank or birth ; in the plural. 12. Civili-
ties paid. 13. That which adorns ; ornament ; decora-
tion. 14. A noble kind of seignory or lordship, held of
the king in capite. — On or upon my honor , woiiXs accom-
panying a declaration which pledge one's honor or repu-
tation for the truth of it.
HONOR, (on ur) v. t. [L. honoro ; Fr. ho7iorer.] I. To re-
vere ; to respect ; to treat with deference and submission,
and perform relative duties to. 2. To reverence ; to
manifest the highest veneration for, in words and actions ;
to entertain the most exalted thoughts of; to worship ; to
adore. 3. To dignify ; to raise to distinction or notice ;
to elevate in rank or station ; to exalt. 4. To glorify ; to
render illustrious. 5. To treat with due civility and re-
spect in the ordinary intercom-se of life. — 6. In commerce,
to accept and pay when due.
HON'OR- A-BLE, a. [L. honor abilis ; Fr. honorable.] 1.
Holding a distinguished rank in society ; illustrious or
noble. 2. Possessing a high mind ; actuated by principles
of honor. 3. Conferring honor, or procured by noble
deeds. 4. Consistent with honor or reputation. 5. Re-
spected ; worthy of respect ; regarded with esteem. G.
PerfoiTOed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with
testimonies of esteem. 7. Proceeding from an upright
and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end ;
not base ; not reproachful. 8. Not to be disgraced. 9.
Honest ; without hypocrisy or deceit ; fair. 10. An epi-
thet of respect or distinction. 11. Becoming men of rank
and character.
HON'OR-A-BLE-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being honora-
ble ; eminence ; distinction. 2. Conformity to the prin-
ciples of honor, probity or moral rectitude ; fairness.
HON'OR-A-BLY, a(f«. 1. With tokens of honor or respect.
2. Magnanimously ; generously ; with a noble spirit or
purpose. 3. Reputably ; without reproach.
HON'OR- A-RY, a. I. Conferringhonor, or intended merely
to confer honor. 2. Possessing a title or place without
performing services or receiving a reward.
HON'OR-A-RY, 71. 1. A lawyer's fee. 2. The salary of a
professor in any art or science.
HON'ORED, pp. Respected ; revered ; reverenceJ ; ele-
vated to rank or office ; dignified ; exalted ; glorified ;
accepted.
HON'OR-ER, n. 1. One that honors; one that reveres,
reverences or regards with respect. 2. One who exalts,
or who confers honors.
HON'OR-ING, ppr. Respecting highly ; reverencing ; ex-
alting ; dignifying ; conferring marks of esteem ; accept-
ing and paying.
HON'OR-LESS, a. Destitute of honor ; not honored.
HOOD, in composition, [Sax. had, hade, G. heit, D. held, Sw.
he't, Dan. hed,] as in manhood, childhood, denotes state or
fixedness, hence quality or character, from some root sig-
nifying to set, [Sax. hadian, to ordain.] It is equivalent to
the termination 7iess in English, and tas in Latin ; as,
goodness, [G. gutheit ;] brotherhood, [L. fraternitas.]
HOOD, 71. [Sax. hod.] I. A covering for the head used by
females. 2. A covering for the head and shoulders used
by monks ; a cowl. 3. A covering for a hawk's Jiead or
eyes, used in falconry. 4. Any thing to be drawn over
the head to cover it. 5. An ornamental fold that hangs
down the back of a graduate to mark his degree. 6. A
low wooden porch over the ladder which leads to the
steerage of a ship ; the upper part of a galley-chimney ;
the cover of a pump.
HOOD, V. t. 1. To dress in a hood or cowl ; to put on a
flood. 2. To cover ; to blind. 3. To cover.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
HOP
417
HOR
HOOD'MAN BLIND, n. A play in which a person blinded
IS to catch another and tell his name ; blindman's buff.
HOOD'ED, pp. Covered with a hood ; blinded.
HOOD WINK, V. t. 1. To blind by covering the eyes. 2,
To cover ; to hide. 3. To deceive by external appear-
ances or disguise j to impose on.
HOOD'-WINKED, pp. Blinded; deceived.
H6oD'-WINK-ING, ppr Blinding the eyes ; covering ;
hiding ; deceiving.
HOOF, n. [Sax. hof.} 1. The horny substance that covers
or terminates the feet of certain animals. 2. An animal j
a beast. Washington.
HOOF, V. i. To walk, as cattle. [Little used.'] Scott.
HOOF'-BOUND, a. A horse is said to be hoof-bound when
he has a pain in the fore-feet, occasioned by the dryness
and contraction of the horn of the quarters, which strait-
ens the quarters of the heels, and often makes him lame.
Far. Diet.
HOOFED, a. Furnished with hoofs. Grew.
HOOK, 71. [Sax. hoc] 1. A piece of iron or other metal
bent into a curve for catching, holding and sustaining any
thing. 2. A snare; a trap. 3. [W. hoc, asythe.] A
curved instrument for cutting grass or grain ; a sickle. 4.
That part of a hinge which is fixed or inserted in a post.
5. A forked timber in a ship, placed on the keel. 6. A
catch ; an advantage. — 7. In husbandry, a field sown two
years running ; [local.] Jlinsworth. — By hook and bij crook,
" ; 0.
Dry den.
one way or other ; by any means, direct or indirect.
HOOK, v.t. 1. To catch with a hook. 2. To seize and
draw, as with a hook. 3. To fasten with a hook. 4. To
entrap ; to insnare. 5. To draw by force or artifice.
HOOK, V. i. To bend ; to be curving.
HOOK'ED, a. 1. Bent into the form of a hook ; curvated.
2.' Bent; curvated; aquiline.
HOOKED, pp. Caught with a hook ; fastened with a hook.
HOOK'ED-NESS, n. A state of being bent like a hook.
HOOK'ING, ppr. Catching with a hook ; fastening with a
hook.
HOOK'NoSED, a. Having a curvated or aquiline nose.
Shak.
IIOOK'Y, a. Full of hooks ; pertaining to hooks.
HOOP, n. [D. hoep, hoepel.] 1. A band of wood or metal
used to confine the staves of casks, tubs, &c. or for other
similar purposes. 2. A piece of wiaalebone in the form of
a circle or ellipsis, used formerly by females to extend
their petticoats ; a farthingale. 3. Something resembling
a hoop ; a ring ; any thing circular.
HOOP, V. t. 1. To bind or fasten with hoops. 2. To clasp ;
to encircle ; to surround. Shak.
HOOP, V. i. [Sax. heafian, heofian.] To shout ; to Titter a
loud cry, or a particular sound by way of call or pursuit.
HOOP, V. t. I. To drive with a shout or outcry. Shak. 2.
To call by a shout or hoop.
HOOP, n. [Sw. hof.] 1. A shout ; also, a measure, equal
to a peck. 2. The hoopoe.
HOOP'ER, n. One who hoops casks or tubs ; a cooper.
HOOP'ING, ppr. Fastening with hoops.
HOOP'ING, ppr. Crying out ; shouting.
HOOP'ING-COUGH, n. A cough in which the patient
hoops or whoops, with a deep inspiration of breath.
HOOP'OF )
HOOP'Oo' ( "■ [^^' ^'^^PP^'] -^ ^^'^^ of the genus upupa.
HOO-RX', ) exclam. [Sw. hurra.] A shout of joy or ex-
HOO-RAW, \ ultation. [This is the genuine English
word,'for which we find in books Huzza.]
HOOT, V. i. [W. hwd, or hict.] 1. To cry out or shout in
contempt. 2. To cry, as an owl. Dryden.
HOOT, V. t. To drive with cries or shouts uttered in con-
tempt. Swift.
HOOT, n. A cry or shout in contempt. Glanville.
HOOT'ING, n. A shouting ; clamor.
HOP, ?;. 2. [Sax. hoppan.] 1. To leap, or spring on one leg.
2. To leap ; to spring forward by leaps ; to skip, as birds.
3. To walk lame ; to limp ; to halt. [We generally use
hobble.] 4. To move by leaps or starts, as the blood in
the veins ; [obs.] 5. To spring ; to leap ; to frisk about.
6. To dance.
HOP, n. 1. A leap on one leg ; a leap ; a jump ; a spring.
2. A dance ; [colloquial.]
HOP, n. TD. hop.] A plant used in brewing.
HOP, v_. «."■ To impregnate with hops. Mortimer.
HOP'BiND, n. The stalk or vine on which hops grow.
HOP'OAST, n. In Kent, a kiln for drying hops
HOP'POLE, n. A pole used to support hops.
HOP'-PI€K-ER, n. One that picks hops.
HOP'VINE, w. The stalk of hops.
HOP'-YARD, or HOP'-GAR-DEN, n. A field or inclosure
where hops are raised.
HOPE, n. [Sax. hopa.] 1. A desire of some good, accom-
panied with at least a slight expectation of obtaining it,
or a belief that it is obtainable. Hope differs from wish
and desire in this, that it implies some expectation of ob-
taining the good desired or the possibility of possessing
it. Hope, therefore, always gives pleasure or joy ; where-
as wish and desire may produce or be accompanied with
pain and anxiety. 2. Confidence in a future event ; the
highest degree of well-founded expectation uf good. 3.
That which gives hope ; he or that which furnishes
ground of expectation, or promises desired good. 4. An
opinion or belief not amounting to certainty, but grounded
on substantial evidence.
HOPE, V. i. [Sax. hopian.] 1. To cherish a desire of good,
with some expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is
obtainable. 2. To place confidence in ; to trust in with
confident expectation of good.
HOPE, V. t. To desire with expectation of good, or a behel
that it may be obtained.
fHOPE, n. A sloping plain between ridges of mountains.
Hoped, pp. Desired with expectation.
HoPE'FUL, a. 1. Having qualities which excite hope
promising or giving ground to expect good or success. 2.
Full of hope or desire, with expectation.
HoPE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to raise hope ; in
way promising good. 2. In a manner to produce a favor
able opinion respecting some good at the present time. 3
With hope ; with ground to expect.
HoPE'FUL-NESS, n. Promise of good ; ground to expect
what is desirable. Wotton.
HoPE'LESS, ,a. 1. Destitute of hope ; having no expecta-
tion of that which is desirable ; despairing, 2. Giving no
ground of hope or expectation of good ; promising nothing
desirable ; desperate.
HoPE'LESS-LY, adv. Without hope. Beaumont.
HoPE'LESS-NESS, n. A state of being desperate, or afford-
ing no hope.
HoP'ER, 71. One that hopes. Shak.
HoP'ING, ppr. 1. Having hope. 2. Confiding in.
HoP'ING-LY, adv. With hope or desire of good.
HOP'LITE, 71. [Gf. 67rXtT»7ff.] In ancient Greece, a heavy-
armed soldier. Mitford.
HOP'PER, n. 1. One who hops, or leaps on one leg. 2. A
wooden trough through which grain passes into a mill ;
so named from its moving or shaking. 3. A vessel in
which seed-corn is carried for sowing.
HOP'PERS, 71. A play in which persons hop or leap on one
leg. Johnson.
HOP'PET, n. A basket.
HOP'PING, ppr. Leaping on one leg ; dancing.
HOP'PING, 71. A dancing ; a meeting for dancing.
HOP'PLE, V. t. To tie the feet near together to prevent
leaping.
HOP'SCOTCH, ii. A game. See Hoppers.
Ho'RAL, a. [L. hora.] Relating to an hour.
t Ho'RAL-LY, adv. Hourly.
Ho'RA-RY, a. [l^.horarius.] 1. Pertaining to an hour,
noting the hours. 2. Continuing an hour.
HoRD, )n. [H. horde.] A company of wandering people
HoRDE, \ dwelling in tents or wagons, and migrating
from place to place.
HORE, 7?. [Sax. hure ; D. hoer ; Dan. hore. The common
orthography, whore, is corrupt.] A woman, married or sin-
gle, who indulges unlawful sexual intercourse ; also, a
prostitute ; a common woman ; a harlot ; a woman of ill
fame.
HORE, V. i. To indulge unlawful sexual commerce, as a
male or female ; to be habitually lewd,
HoRE'DoM, 71. 1. The practice of unlawful sexual com-
merce ; habitual or customary lewdness of males or fe-
males. — 2. In Scripture, idolatry.
HoRE'MAS-TER, ) n. A man who is addicted to lewdness
HoRE'MoN-GER, \ or frequently indulges in unlawful
sexual intercourse.
HoRE'SoN, 7?. A bastard ; the son of a hore.
HoR'ISH, a. Lewd ; unchaste ; loose.
HoR'ISH-LY, adv. Lewdly ; unchastely,
HoRE'HOUND, 71. [Sax. hara-hune.] The name of several
plants of different genera.
* HOR'I-ZON, or HO-Rl'ZON, n. [Gr. Spt^wr ; Fr. hori-
zon ; Sp. horizonte.] The line that terminates the view,
when extended on the surface of the earth ; or a great
circle of the sphere, dividing the world into two parts or
hemispheres — the upper hemisphere, which is visible,
and the lower, which is hid. The horizon is sensible, and
rational or real. The sensible, apparent or visible horizon
is a lesser circle of the sphere, which divides the visible
part of the sphere from the invisible. The rational, true
or astronomical horizon, is a great circle whose plane
passes through the centre of the earth, and whose poles
are the zenith and nadir.
HOR-I-ZON'TAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the horizon, or re-
lating to it. 2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level. 3.
Near the horizon.
HOR-I-ZON'TAL-LY, adv. In a direction parallel to the
horizon"; on a level.
HOR-I-ZON-TAL'I-TY, n. The state of being horizontal.
HORN, 71. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan. horn.] 1. A hard substance
bef Synopsis.
MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, DNITE.— € aa K ; 6 as J ^ S as Z , CH as SH ; TH as in this.
i Obsolete
HOR
418
HOR
growing on the heads of certain animals, and particularly
on cloven-footed quadrupeds, usually projecting to some
length, and terminating in a point. Horns serve for
weapons. 2. A wind instrument of music made of horn ;
a trumpet.— 3. In modern times, a wind instrument made
of metal. 4. An extremity of the moon, when it is wax-
ing or waning, anu forming a crescent. 5. The feeler or
antenna of an insect. 6. The feeler of a snail, which
may be withdrawn. 7. A drinking cup, horns being used
anciently for c\ips. 8. A winding stream. Dryden. 9.
Horns, in the plural, is used to characterize a cuckold.
— 10. In Scripture, horn is a symbol of strength or power.
HORN'BeAK, 71. A fish. See Hornfish.
HORN Beam, n. A gemls of trees.
HORN'BILL, 71. A fowl of the genus ftwceros.
HORN'BLEND, 71. {Gr. horn axid. blende.] A mineral of sev-
eral varieties, called, by Haiiy, amphibole.
HORN'BLoW-ER, n. One that blows a horn.
HORN'BOOK, n. The first book of children, or that in
which they learn their lettei-s and rudiments; so called
from its cover of horn. [JVow little tised.]
HORN'-DIS-TEM-PER, n. A disease of cattle, afiecting the
internal substance of the horn. Encyc.
HORNED, a. 1. Furnished with horns. 2. Shaped like a
crescent or the new moon. Milton.
HORNED-NESS, n. The appearance of horns.
HORN'ER, 71. 1. One who works or deals in horns. Grew.
2. One who winds or blows the horn. Sherioood.
HORN'ET, 71. [Sax. hyrnett, hyrnete.] An insect, much
larger and stronger than the wa^, and whose sting gives
severe pain.
HORN'FISH, n. The garfish or sea-needle. EnCyc.
HORN'FOOT, a. Havmgahoof; hoofed. Hakewill.
HORN'I-FY, v. t. To bestow horns upon. [JVoi used, or
vulgar.'] Beaumont.
HORN'ING, 71. Appearance of the moon when increasing,
or in the form of a crescent. Gregory.
HORN'ISH, a. Somewhat like horn ; hard. Sandys.
HORN'LESS, a. Having no horns. Journ. of Science.
HORN'MER-eU-RY, n. Muriate of mercury.
HORN'OWL, 71. A species of owl.
HORN'PiPE, 71. 1. An instrument of music in Wales. 2.
An air or tune of triple time, with six crotchets in a bar.
3. A kind of dance.
HORN'SHaV-INGS, n. Scrapings or raspings of the horns
of deer. B. Johnson.
HORN/SIL-VER, n. Muriate of silver.
HORN'SPOON, 71. A spoon made of horn.
HORN'SLATE, n. A gray, siliceous stone. Kirwan.
HORN'STONE, n. A siliceous stone.
HORN' Work, n. In fortification, an outwork composed of
two demi-bastions joined by a curtain.
HORN'Y, a. 1. Consisting of horn or horns. 2. Resem-
bling horn. 3. Hard ; callous.
HO-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. wpa and ypa^oj.] 1. An ac-
count of hours. 2. The art of constructing dials. Cyc.
*Ho'RO-L06E, or HOR'O-LOGE, 7i. [Fr. horloge.] An
instrument that indicates the hour of the day.
HO-RO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the horologe, or to
horology.
HO-RO-LO-GI-0-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to the art of
dialing. Chambers.
HO-RO-LO-GI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. u)pa, 'Soyos and ypa^w.]
An account of instruments tnat show the hour of the day ;
also, of the art of constructing dials.
* HO-ROL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. wpoXoyeo).] The art of construct-
ing machines for measuring and indicating portions of
time.
HO-RO-MET'RI-€AL, a. Belonging to horometry. Asiat.
Res.
HO-ROM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. wpa and nerpov.] The art or prac-
tice of measuring time.
IIOR'O-SeOPE, 71. [Fr. ; Gr. wpoaKono?.] 1. In astrology,
a scheme or figure of the twelve houses, or twelve signs
of the zodiac, in which is marked the disposition of the
heavens at a given time, and by which astrologers for-
merly told the fortunes of persons, according to the posi-
tion of the stare at the time of their birth. 2. The degree
or point of the heavens arising above the eastern point of
the horizon at any given time when a prediction is to be
made of a future event.
HO-ROS'€0-PY, n. The art or practice of predicting future
events by the disposition of the stars.
HOR'RENT, a. [L horrens.] Bristled ; standing erect, as
bristles; pointing outward. Milton.
HORRI-BLE, a. [L. horribilis.] Exciting or tending to ex-
cite horror ; dreadful ; terrible ; shocking ; hideous.
HOR'RI-BLE-NESS, n. The state or qualities that may
excite horror ; dreadfulness ; terribleness ; hideousness.
HOR'RI-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite horror.
HOR'RID, a. [L. horridiis. See Horror.] 1. That does or
iiiay excite hoiror ; dreadful ; hideous ; shocking. 2.
Rough ; rugged. 3. Shocking ; very offensivei
HOR'RID-LY, adv. In a manner to excite horror ; dread-
fully; shockingly.
HOR'RID-NESS, n. The qualities that do or may excite
horror; hideousness; enormity. Hammond.
HOR-RIF'ie, a. [L. horrificus.] Causing horror.
HOR-RIS'O-NOUS, a. [L. horrisonus.] Sounding dreadful-
ly ; uttering a terrible sound.
HOR'ROR, n. [L.] 1. A shaking, shivering or shuddering,
as in the cold fit which precedes a fever. 2. An excess-
ive degree of fear, or a painful emotion which makes a
person tremble ; terror ; a shuddering with fear ; terror,
accompanied with hatred. 3. That which may excite
horror or dread; gloom; dreariness. Pope. 4. Dreadful
thoughts. 5. Distressing scenes.
HORSE, (hors) 71. [Sax. Aors.] 1. A species of quadrupeds
of the genus equus. The horse is a beautiful animal, and
of great use for draught or conveyance on his back. 2. A
constellation. 3. Cavalry ; a body of troops serving on
horseback. 4. A machine by which something is sup-
ported ; usually a wooden frame with legs. 5. A wooden
machine on which soldiers ride by way of punishment. —
6. In seamen's language, a rope extending from the mid-
dle of a yard to its extremity, to support the sailors while
they loose, reef or furl the sails. — To take horse. 1. To
set out to ride on horseback. 2. To be covered, as a
mare.
HORSE, V. t. 1. To mount on a horse. 2. To carry on the
back. 3. To ride astride. 4. To cover a mare, as the
male.
HORSE, V. i. To get on horseback. Shelton.
HORSE'BACK, (hors'bak) n. The state of being on a horse :
the posture of riding on a horse.
HORSE'BeAN, 71. A small bean given to horses.
HORSE'BLO€K, n. A block or stage that assists persons in
mounting and dismounting from a horse.
HORSE'BoAT, n. 1. A boat used in conveying horses over
a river or other water. 2. A boat moved by horses.
HORSE'BOY, 71. A boy employed in dressing and tending
horses; a stable-boy. Knolles.
HORSE'BRAM-BLES, n. plu. Briars ; wild rose. Grose.
HORSE'BREaK-ER, n. One whose employment is to oreak
horses, or to teach them to draw or carry.
HORSE'CHEST-NUT, 71. A large nut, the truit of a species
of cBsculus ; or the tree that produces it.
HORSE'CLOTH, n. A cloth to cover a horse.
HORSE'CoURS'ER, n. 1. One that runs horses, or keejis
horses for the race. 2. A dealer in horses.
HORSE'CRAB, 7!. A crustaceous fish. Ainsworth.
HORSE-€u'eUM-BER, n. A large green cucumber.
HORSE'DeAL-ER, n. One who buys and sells horses
HORSE'DRENCH, n. A dose of physic for a horse.
HORSE'DUNG, n. The dung of horses.
HORSE'-EM-MET, 71. A species of large ant.
HORSE'FaCED, a. Havmg a long, coarse face ; ugly
HORSE'FLESH, 71. The flesh of a horse. Bacon.
HORSE'FLy, n. A large fly that stings horses.
HORSE'FOOT, 71. A plant, called also coWs-foot.
HORSE'GUARDS, n. A body of cavalry for guards.
HORSE'HAIR, 71. The hair of horses.
HORSE'HoE, V. t. To hoe or clean a field by means ol
HORSE'KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps or takes care of
horses,
t HORSE'KNaVE, 71. A groom. Chaucer.
HORSE'KNOPS, n. plu. Heads of knap-weed. Grose.
HORSE LAUGH, n. A loud, boisterous laugh.
HORSE'LEECH, n. 1. A large leech. 2. A farrier.
HORSE'LIT-TER, n. A carriage hung on poles, which are
borne by and between two horses. Milton.
HORSE'LoAD, n. A load for a horse.
HORSE'LY, a. Applied to a horse, as manly is to a man.
HORSE'MAN, 71. ]. A rider on horseback. 2. A man
skilled m riding. 3. A soldier who serves on horseback
HORSE'MAN-SHIP, n. The act of riding, and of training
and managing horses. Pope.
HORSE'MaR-TEN, 7i. A kind of large bee. Ainsworth.
HORSE'MATCH, n. A bird. Ainsworth.
HORSE'MeAT, 71. Food for horses ; provender.
HORSE'MILL, n. A mill turned by a horse.
HORSE'-MIL-LI-NER, n. [horse and milliner.] One who
supplies ribbons or other decorations for horses. Pegge.
HORSE MINT, n. A species of large mint.
HORSE'MUS-CLE, n. A large muscle or shell-fish.
HORSE'PATH, n. A path for horses, as by canals.
HORSE'PLaY, n. Rough, rugged play. Dryden.
HORSE POND, 71. A pond for watering horses.
HORSE'PURS-LANE, n. A plant.
HORSE'RaCE, 71. A race by horses ; a match of horses in
running._
HORSE'Ra-CING, n. The practice or act of running horses
HORSE'RAD-ISH, n. A plant of the genus cochlearia, a
species of scurvy-grass, having a root of a pungent taste.
HORSE'SHOE, n. A shoe for horses, consisting of a plate
of iron of a circular form.
* See Synapsis A, E, T, O, U, 1?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete,
HOS
419
HOU
HORSE'SHOE-HEAD, n. A disease of infants, in which
the sutures of the skull are too open.
HORSE'STeAL-ER, or HORSE'THIeF, n. A stealer of
horses.
HORSE'STING-ER, n. The dragon-fly.
HORSE'TaIL, n. A plant of the genus equisetum.
H0RSE'T6NGUE, n. A plant of the genus ruscus.
HORSE'VETCH, or HORSE'SHOE-VETCH, n. A plant
of the genus hippocrepis.
HORSE' WAY, or HORSE'RoAD, n. A way or road in
which horses may travel.
HORSE' WHIP, 71. A whip for driving horses.
HORSE'WHIP, V. t. To lash ; to strike with a horsewhip.
"iORSE'WoRM, n. A worm that infests horses ; a bott.
HOR-Ta'TION, n. [L, hortatio.] The act of exhorting or
giving advice ; exhortation ; advice intended to encourage.
HOR'TA-TiVE, a. Giving exhortation ; advisory.
HOR'TA-TlVE, n. Exliortation ; a precept given to incite
or encourage. Bacon.
HOR'TA-TO-RY, a. Encouraging; inciting ; giving advice.
t HOR-TEN'SIAL, a. ['L. hortensis.'] Fit for a garden .
HOR'TI-€UL-TOR, 71. [L. Aortws and cultor.'] One who
cultivates a garden.
HOR-TI-eULT'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to the culture of
gardens.
HOR'TI-eULT-URE, n. [L. hortus and cultura.] The art
of cultivating gardens.
HOR-TI-eULT'U-RIST, n. One who is skilled in the art
of cultivating gardens.
HOR'TU-LAN, a. [L. hortulaniis.] Belonging to a garden.
HOR'TUS SI€'€US, n. [L.] Literally, a dry garden ; an
appellation given to a collection of specimens of plants,
carefully dried and preserved.
HORT'YARD, n. An orchard, which see.
HO-SAN'NA, 71. [Heb.] An exclamation of praise to God,
or an invocation of blessings.
HOSE, n; plu. Hosen, or Hose. [Sax. hos ; G. hose.] 1.
Breeches or trowsers. 2. Stockings ; coverings for the
legs. 3. A leathern pipe, used with fire-engines, for con-
veying water to extinguish fires.
Ho'SIER, (ho'zhur) n. One who deals in stockings and
socks, &c.
Ho'SIER-Y, (ho'zhur-y) n. Stockings in general ; socks.
HOS'PI-TA-BLE, 0. [L. fiospitalis.] 1. Receiving and en-
tertaining strangers with kindness and without reward ;
kind to strangers and guests. 2. Proceeding from or in-
dicating kindness to guests ; manifesting generosity. 3.
Inviting to strangers ; offering kind reception ; indicating
hospitality.
HOS'PI-TA-BLY, adv. With kindness to strangers or
guests ; with generous and liberal entertainment.
t HOS'PI-TAGE, n. Hospitality. Spenser.
* HOS'PI-TAL, 71. [Fr. hdpltal.] 1. A building appropri-
ated for the reception of sick, infirm and helpless pau-
pers ; also, a house for the reception of insane persons, or
for seamen, soldiers, foundlings, infected persons, &;c. 2.
A place for shelter or entertainment ; [obs.]
t HOS'PI-TAL, a. Hospitable. Howell.
HOS-PI-TAL'I-TY, n. [Pr. hospitalite.] The act or prac-
tice of receiving or entertaining strangers or guests.
HOS'PI-TAL-LER, n. Properly, one residing in a hospital
for the purpose of receiving the poor and strangers. The
Hospitallers were an order of knights who built a hospital
at Jerusalem for pilgrims. They were called knights of
St. John, and are the same as the knights of Malta.
I HOS'PI-TATE, V. i. [L. hospitor.] To reside or lodge un-
der the roof of another. Grew.
\ HOS'PI-TATE, V. t. To lodge a person.
Host, n. [Fr. hote, for hoste.] 1. One who entertains an-
other at his own house, without reward. 2. One who
entertains another at his house for reward ; an mnkeeper ;
a landlord. 3. A guest ; one who is entertained at the
house of another.
Host, n. [L. hostis.} 1. An array ; a number of men em-
bodied for war. 2. Any great number or multitude.
Host, n. [L. Jiostla.] In the Romish church, the sacrifice
of the mass, or the consecrated wafer, representing the
body of Christ.
Host, v. ». To lodge at an inn ; to take up entertainment.
{Little used.^ Shak.
tHoST, t; t. To give entertainment to. Spenser.
HOS'TAGE, 71. [Fr. otage.] A person delivered to an ene-
my or hostile power, as a pledge to secure the perform-
ance of conditions.
HOSTE, 7t. Hoarseness Craven dialect.
HOS'TEL, HOS'TEL-LER. See Hotel.
t HOS'TEL-RY, n. [Fr. hostelerie.] An inn. Chaucer.
HoST'ESS, 71. 1. A female host ; a woman who entertains
guests. 2. A w )man who keeps an inn.
HoST'ESS-SHIP n. The character or business of a hostess.
Shak.
HOS'TIE, n [L. hostia.] The consecrated wafer. Burnet.
HOS'TlLE, a. [L. hostilis.] 1. Belonging to a public ene-
my ; designating enmity, particularly public enmity, or a
state of war ; inimical. 2. Possessed by a public enemy
3. Adverse ; opposite ; unfriendly.
HOS'TlLE-LY, adv. In a hostile manner.
HOS-TIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. hostilite ,• L. hostilitas.] 1. The
state of war between nations or states ; the actions of an
open enemy J aggression ; attacks of an enemy. 2. pri-
vate eninity.
HOS'TIL-iZE, V. t. To make an enemy. [Little used ]
HoST'ING, ?i An encounter ; a battle ; [little used.] Mil-
ton. 2. A muster or review ; [obs.] Spenser.
* HOST'LER, (hos'ler, or os ler) n. [Fr. hdtelier.] The per-
son who has the care of horses at an inn.
t HoST'LESS, a Inhospitable
HoST'RY, 71. 1. A stable for horses. 2. A lodging house
HOT, a. [Sax. hat.] 1. Having sensible heat ; opposed to
cold. Hot expresses more than warm. 2. Ardent in tem-
per 5 easily excited or exasperated ; vehement. 3. Vio-
lent; furious. 4. Eager; animated; brisk; keen. 5
Lustful; lewd. 6. Acrid; biting; stimulating; pungent.
HOT, 71. A sort of basket to carry turf or slate in. Gh-ose.
fHOT, HOTE, Ho'TEN, pp.. Ca.ned; named. Gower.
HOT'BED, n. In gardening, a bed of earth and horsedung,
covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or
for nourishing exotic plants of warm climates.
HOT'BRaINEIJ, a. Ardent in temper ; violent; rash; pre-
cipitate. Dryden,
HOTCH'POT, I n. [Fr. hochepot.] 1. Properly, a min-
HOTCH'POTCH, \ gled mass ; a mixture of ingredients.—
2. In law, a mixing of lands.
HOT'eO€-KLES, n.plu. [qu. Fr. hautes coquilles.] A play
in which one covers his eyes and guesses who strikes
him.
HO-TEL', 7». [Fr.h6tel.] 1. A palace. 2. An inn ; a house
for entertaining strangers or travelers.
HOT'HEAD-ED, a. Of ardent passions ; vehement ; vio-
lent ; rash, jirbuthnot.
HOT'HOUSE, 71. 1. A house kept warm to shelter tender
plants and shrubs from the cold air. 2. A bagnio, or place
to sweat and cup in. 3. A brothel.
HOT'LY, adv. 1. With heat. 2. Ardently; vehemently;
violently. 3. Lustfully.
HOT'MOUTHED, a. Headstrong ; ungovernable.
HOT'NESS, n. 1. Sensible heat beyond a moderate de-
gree of warmth. 2. Violence; vehemence; fury.
HOT-'SPUR, n. 1. A man violent, passionate, heady, rash
or precipitate. 2. A kind of pea of earlv growth.
HOT'SPUR, a. Violent ; impetuous. Spenser.
HOT'SPURRED, a. Vehement ; rash ; heady.
HOT'TEN-TOT, n. 1. A native of the southern extremity
of Africa. 2. A savage, brutal man.
HOT'TEN-TOT-CHER'RY, n. A plant.
HOUGH, (hok) n. [Sax. hah.] 1. The lower part of the
thigh ; the ham. 2. An adz ; a hoe ; [not in use.]
HOUGH, (hok) v. t. 1. To hamstring. 2. To cut with a
hoe ; [obs.]
HOU'LET, n. An owl. See Howlet.
HOULT. See Holt.
HOUND, 71. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan., Scot, hmid.] A generic
name of the dog ; but in English it is confined to a partic-
ular breed used in the chase.
HOUND, v.t. 1. To set on the chase. 2. To hunt ;< to chase.
HOUND FISH, 71. A fish, called also galeus Imvis.
HOUNDS, n. In seamen's language, the projecting parts of
the head of a mast. Mar. Diet.
HOUND'S'ToNGUE, n. A plant.
HOUND'TREE, 71. A kind of tree. Ainsworth.
HOUP. See Hoopoo.
HOUR, (our) 71. [L., Sp. hora ; Fr. heure.] I. A space of
time eqjial to one twenty-fourth part of the natural day.
It consists of 60 minutes. 2. Time ; a particular time
3. The time marked or mdicated by a chronometer, clock
or watch ; the particular time of the day. — To keep good-
hours, to be at home in good season. — Hours, in the plu-
ral, certain prayers in the Romish church.
HOUR'GLASS, (our'glass) n. I. A chronometer that meas-
ures the flux of time by the running of sand from one
glass vessel to another through a small aperture. 2. Space
of time.
HOUR'HAND, n. The hand or pointed pin which shows
the hour on a chronometer.
HOU'Rl, n. Among Mohammedans, a nymph of paradise
.Johnson.
HOUR'LY, (ourly) a. 1. Happening or done every hour ,
frequent ; often repeated. 2. Continual.
HOUR'LY, (our'ly) adv. Every hour ; frequently.
HOUR'PLATE, (our'plate) n. The plate of a time-piece on
which the hours are marked ; the dial. Locke.
fHOUS'AGE, 71. A fee for keeping goods in a house.
f HOUS'AL, a. Domestic. Cotgrave.
HOUSE, (hous) n. [Sax., Goth., Sw., Scot, hus.] 1. A
building intended or used as a habitation ; a building or
edifice for the habitation of man ; a dwelling-place, man-
sion or abode for any of the human species. 2. An edi-
fice or building appropriated to the service of God ; a temple ;
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — € asK; Gas J ; SasZ; CHasSH; THasin tAis. • Oi'iolHe
HOU
420
HUE
a church. 3. A monastery ; a college 4. The manner
of living ; the table. — 5. In astrology, the station of a
planet in the heavens, or the twelfth part of the heavens.
6. A family of ancestors ; descendants and kindred ; a
race of persons from the same stock ; a tribe. 7. One of
the estates of a kingdom assembled in parliament or legis-
lature ; a body of men united in their legislative capacity.
8. The quorum of a legislative body ; the number of repre-
sentatives assembled who ai-e constitutionally empowered
to enact laws. — 9. In Scripture, those who dwell in a house,
and compose a family ; a household. 10. Wealth; estate.
11. The grave. 12. Household affairs ; domestic con-
cerns. 13 The body ; the residence of the soul in this
world. 14. The church among the Jews. 15. A place of
residence. 16. A square or division on a chess board.
HOUSE, (houz) V. t. [Sw. hysa.} 1. To cover from the in-
clemencies of the weather ; to shelter ; to protect by cov-
ermg. 2. To admit to residence ; to harbor. 3. To deposit
and cover, as in the grave. 4. To drive to a shelter.
HOUSE, (houz) V i. 1, To take shelter or lodgings ; to keep
abode ; to reside. 2. To have an astrological station in
the heavens.
HOUSE'BoAT, n. A covered boat.
HOUSE'BOTE, n. [house, and Sax. hot.] In law, a suf-
ficient allowance of wood to repair the house and sup-
ply fuel.
HOUSE'-BREaK-ER, (hous'bra-ker) n. One who breaks,
opens and enters a house by day with a felonious intent.
HOUSE'-BREaK-ING, (hous'bra-king) n. The breaking,
or opening and entering of a house by dayhght, with the
intent to commit a felony, or to steal or rob.
HOUSE'DOG, n. A dog kept to guard the house. Addi-
son.
HOUSE'HoLD, n. 1. Those who dwell under the same
roof and compose a family. 2. Family life ; domestic
managcinent.
HOUSE'HoLD, a. Belonging to the house and family ; do-
mestic.
HOUSE'HoLD-ER, n. The master or chief of a family ;
one who keeps house with his family.
HOUSE'HoLD-BREAD, 71. Bread not of the finest quality.
HOUSE'HoLD-STUFF, n. The furniture of a house ; the
vessels, utensils and goods of a family.
HOUSE'KEEP-ER, n. 1. One who occupies a house with
his family ; a man or woman who maintains a family state .
in a house ; a householder. 2. A female servant who has
the chief care of the family. 3. One who lives in plenty ;
[obs.] 4. One who keeps much at home ; [obs.] 5. A
housedog ; [obs ]
HOUSE'KEEP-ING, a. Domestic ; used m a family.
HOUSE'KEEP-ING, n. 1. The family state in a dwelling.
2. Hospitalitj'^ ; a plentiful and hospitable table.
HOUS'EL, (houz'l) n. [Sax. husel.] The eucharist ; the sa-
cred bread.
■f HOUS'EL, V. t. [Sax. huslian.] To give or receive the
eucharist. Chaucer.
HOUSE'LAMB, (houslam) n. A lamb kept in a house for
fatting.
HOUSE'LEEK, n. A plant.
HOUSE'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a house or habitation.
Ooldsviith. 2. Destitute of shelter.
HOUSE'LINE, I n. Among seamen, a small line formed of
HOUS'ING, \ three strands.
HOUSE'MaID, n. A female servant employed to keep a
house clean, &c.
HOUSE'PIG-EON, n. A tame pigeon. Gregory.
HOUSE'ROOM, 71. Room or place in a house. Dryden
HOUSE'RaIS-ER, n. One who erects a house.
HOUSE'SNaIL, n. A particular kind of snail.
HOUSE'WARM-ING, 71. A feast or merry-making at the
time a family enters a new house.
*HOUSE'WiFE, 71. [house and wife ; contracted into Mis-
wife, hussy.] 1. The mistress of a family. 2. A female
economist 3 a good manager. 3. One skilled in female
business. 4. A little case or bag for articles of female
work ; pronounced huz'zif.
* HOUSE' WIFE-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the mistress of
a family 2. Taken from housewifery, or domestic af-
fairs.
HOUSE'WIFE-LY, adi}. With the economy of a careful
woman. Sherioood.
* HOUSE' WIFE-RY, n. The business of the mistress of a
family ; female business in the economy of a family ; fe-
male management of domestic concerns.
HOUSE'-WRlGHT, (hous'rite) 71. An architect who builds
houses.
HOUSED ^p. Put under cover ; sheltered.
HOUS'IN'a, ppr. 1. Covering; sheltering, 2. Warped;
crooked, as a brick.
HOUS'ING, n. 1. Houses in general. 2. [Fr. housse.] A
cloth laid over a saddle. 3. A piece of cloth fastened to
the hinder part of a saddle.
fHOUS'LING, a. Sacramental; as, housling fire, used in
the sacrament of marriage. Spenser.
HOUSS, n. A covermg. [See Housing.] Dryden.
f HOVE, V. i. [Welsh, hofio, hovio.] To hover about ; ro
halt ; to loiter. Gowcr.
HOVE, pref. of heave.
HOVEL, 11. [Sax. hof, hofe.] A shed ; a cottage : a mean
house.
HOVEL, V. t. To put in a hovel ; to shelter.
HoV'EN,^^. of heave.
*HoV'ER, 75. i. [W. hoviaw.] 1. To flap the wings, aw d.
fowl ; to hang over or about, fluttering or flapping the
wings. 2. To hang over or around, with irregular mo-
tions. 3. To stand m suspense or expectation. 4. To
wander about from place to place in the neighborhood.
t HoV'ER, 71. A protection or shelter by hanging over.
H6V'ER-<JROUND, n. Light ground. Ray.
HoV'ER-ING, ppr. Flapping the wings ; hanging over or
around ; moving with short irregular flights.
HOW, adv. [Sax. hu.] 1. In what manner. 2. To what
degree or extent. 3. For what reason ; from what cause.
4. By what means. 5. In what state. 6. It is used in a
sense marking proportion. 7. It is much used in excla-
mation ; as, hoic are the mighty fallen ! 2 Sam. i. In some
popular phrases, how is superfluous or inelegant.
f HOW'BE, adv. Nevertheless. Spenser.
jHOW-Be'IT, adv. [how, be, and it.] Be it as it may ; nev-
ertheless ; notwithstanding ; vet ; but ; however.
HOWDY, n. A midwife. [Local.] Grose.
HOW D'YE, how do you ? how is your health ?
HOW-EV'ER, adv. 1. In whatever manner or degree. 2
At all events ; at least. 3. Nevertheless ; notwithstand
ing • yet
HO'WITZ, in. [Sp. hobus; G. haubitze.] A kind of
Ho'WIT-ZER, \ mortar or short gun, mounted on a field
carriage, and used for throwing shells.
HOW'KER, 71. A Dutch vessel with two masts.
HOWL, V. i. [D. huileii.] 1. To cry as a dog or wolf; to ut-
ter a particular kind of !oud, protracted and mournful
sound. 2. To utter a loud, mournful sound, expressive
of distress ; to wail. 3. To roar ; as a tempest.
HOWL, V. t. To utter or speak with outcry.
HOWL, n. 1. The cry of a dog or wolf, or other like sound.
2. The cry of a human being in horror or anguish.
HOWL'ET, 71. [Fr. hulotte.] A fowl of the owl kind,
which utters a mournful cry.
HOWL'ING, ppr. Uttering the cry of a dog or wolf; utter-
ing a loud cry of distress.
HOWL'ING, a. Filled with howls, or howling beasts;
dreary. Addison.
HOWL'ING, n. The act of howling ; a loud outcry or
mournful sound.
fHOW'SO, adv. [abbreviation of howsoever.] Although.
Daniel.
HOW-SO-EV'ER, adv. [how, so, and ever.] 1. In what
manner soever. 2. Although.
t HOWVE. The old word for hood.
t HOX, V. t. To hough ; to hamstring. [See Hough.] Shak.
HOY, 71. A small vessel, usually rigged as a sloop.
HOY, an exclamation, of no definite meaning.
HUB, See Hob.
HUB'BUB, 71, A great noise of many confused voices ; a
tumult ; uproar ; riot. Clarendon.
tHUCK, V. i. To haggle in trading.
HU€K, n. The name of a German river-trout.
HU€K'A-BA€K, 71. A kind of linen with raised figures on it
HU€'KLE, 71, [G. hocJcer.] The hip, that is, a bunch.
HU€'KLE-BA€KED, a. Having round shoulders.
HUOKLE-BONE, 71. [G. hooker.] The hip bone,
HU€K'STER,7i. [G, hocke,hdcker.] 1. A retaUer of small ar-
ticles, of provisions, nuts, &c. 2. A mean, trickish fellow.
HU€K'STER, v. i. To deal in small articles, or in petty
bargains. Swift.
HU€K'STER-A6E, 71. Dealing ; busmess. Milton.
HU€K'STER-ESS, 7i. A female pedler.
HUD, 71. The shell or hull of a nut, [Local.] Grose.
HUDDLE, V. i. [In Ger, hudeln.] 1. To crowd ; to press
together promiscuously, without order or regularity, 2.
To move in a promiscuous throng without order ; to press
or hurry in disorder.
HUD'DLE, V. t. 1. To put on in haste and disorder. 2. To
cover in haste or carelessly. 3, To perform :n haste and
disorder, 4. To throw together m confusion ; to crowd
together without regard to order,
HUD'DLE, 71, A crowd ; a number of persons nr things
crowded together without order or regularity ; tumult ;
confusion. Locke.
HUD'DLED, pp. Crowded together without order.
HUD'DLER, 71. One who throws things into confusion ; a
bungler.
HUD'DLING, ppr. Crowding or throwing together in dis-
order ; putting on carelessly.
HuE, Ti. [Sax. hiewe, hiw.] Color; dye. Milton.
Hue, in the phrase hue and cry, signifies a shouting or vo-
ciferation,— In law, a hue and cry is the pursuit of a felon
or oflfender, with loud outcries or clamor to give an alarm.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O U, Y, long.—FkB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— + Obsolete
HUM
421
HUM
f HOED, a. Colored. Chauc&r.
f Hu'ER, n. One whose business Is to cry out or give an
alarm. Carew.
HUFF, n. [Sp. chufa.] 1. A swell of sudden anger or arro-
gance. 2. A boaster. South.
HUFF, V. t. 1. To swell ; to enlarge ; to puff up. Orew.
2. To hector; to bully ; to treat with insolence and argo-
gance ; to chide or rebuke with insolence.
HUFF, V. i. 1. To swell ; to dilate or enlarge. 2. To blus-
ter ; to swell with anger, pride or arrogance ; to storm.
HUFFED, pp. Swelled ; puffed up.
HUFF'ER, 71. A bully ; a swaggerer ; a blusterer.
HUFF'I-NESS, n. Petulance ; the state of being puffed up.
HUFF'ING, ppr. Swelling ; puffing up ; blustering
HUFF'ISH, a. Arrogant ; insolent ; hectoring.
HUFF ISH-LY, adv. With arrogance or blustering.
HUFF'ISH-NESS, 71. Arrogance ; petulance ; bluster.
HUFF'Y, a. Swelled or swelling ; petulant.
HUG, V. t. [Dan. heger.] 1. To press close in an embrace.
2. To embrace closely ; to hold fast ; to treat with fond-
ness. 3. To gripe in wrestling or scuffling. — To hug the
land, in sailing, to sail as near the land as possible. — To
hug the -wind, to keep the ship close-hauled.
HUG, 71. 1. A close embrace. 2. A particular gripe in wrest-
ling or scuffling.
HUGE, a. [D. hoog.] 1. Very large or great ; enormous.
2. It is improperly applied to space and distance, in the
sense of great, vast, immense. — 3. In colloquial language,
very great ; enormous.
HuGE'LY, adv. Very greatly ; enormously; immensely.
HuGE'NESS, n. Enormous bulk or largeness.
HuGE'OUS, a. A low word for vast or enormous.
HUG'GER-MUG-GER, n. In hugger mugger, denotes in
privacy or secrecy, and tlie word, adverbially used, de-
notes secretly. [It is a low cant word.]
Hd'GUE-NOT, 71. [The origin of this word is uncertain.
It is conjectured to be a corruption of G. eidgenossen, con-
federates.] A name formerly given to a Protestant in
France.
Hu'GUE-NOT-ISM, n. The religion of the Huguenots in
France. Sherwood.
f HU'GY, a, [from huge.'] Vast in size. Carew.
t HUISH'ER, 71. [Fr. huissier.] An usher. B. Jonson.
HUKE, 71. [VV. hug.] A cloke ; a hyke. Bacon.
t HULCH, 71. A bunch.
tHULCH'-BA€KED, rt. Crooked-backed. Cotgrave.
t HULCHED, a. Swollen ; puffed up. Cotcn-ave.
I HULCH'IS, a. Swelling ; gibbous.
JHULCH'Y, a. Much swollen ; gibbous. Sherwood.
HULK, 71 [D. hulk ; Sax. hulc] 1. The body of a ship, or
decked vessel of any kind. 2. Any thing bulky or un-
wieldy ; [not used.] Shak.
HULK, V. t. To talce out the entrails. [Little used.]
fHULK'Y, a. Bulky; unwieldy.
HULL, 71. [Sax. hul.] ]. The outer covering of any thing,
particularly of a nut or of grain. 2. The frame or body
of a ship. — To lie a hull, in seamen'' s language, is to lie as
a ship without any sail upon her, and her helm lashed
a-lee.— '^o strike a hull, in a storm, is to take in the sails,
and lash the helm on the lee-side of a ship.
HULL, v. t. 1. To strip off or separate the hull or bulls. 2,
To pierce the hull of a ship with a cannon-ball.
HULL, v.i. To float or drive on the water without sails.
HULL'Y, a. Having husks or pods ; siliquous.
Hu'LO-THE-ISM, n. [Gr. v'X-n and 0£o?.] The doctrme or
belief that matter is God, or that there is no God, except
matter and the universe.
HUL'VER, n. [D. hulst.] Holly, a tree. Tiisser.
HUM, V. i. [G, hummen.] 1. To utter the sound of bees ; to
buzz. 2. To make an inarticulate buzzing sound. 3. To
pause in speaking, and make an audible noise like the
humming of bees. 4. To make a dull, heavy noise like a
drone. 5. To applaud ; [obs.]
HUM, V. t. 1. To sing in a low voice. 2. To cause to hum ;
to impose on ; [vulgar.]
HUM, 71. 1. The noise of bees or insects. 2. A low, con-
fused noise, as of crowds. 3. Any low, dull noise. 4. A
low, inarticulate sound, uttered by a speaker in a pause.
5. An expression of applause.
HUM, exclam. A sound with a pause, implying douot and
deliberation. Pope.
riU'MAN, a. [L. hum anus ; Fr. Mimain.] L Belonging to
man or mankind ; pertaining or relating to the race of
man, 2. Having the qualities of a man. 3. Profane ;
not sacred or divine ; [obs.]
fHu'MAN-ATE, a. Endued with humanity. Cranmer.
HU-MaNE', a. 1. Having the feelings and dispositions proper
to man ; having tenderness and compassion ; kind ; be-
nevolent. 2. Inclined to treat the lower orders of animals
with tenderness.
HU-MaNE'LY, adv. 1. With kindness, tenderness or com-
passion. 2. In a humane manner ; with kind feelings
HU-MaNE'NESS, 71. Tenderness. Scott.
Hu'MAN-IST, 71. 1. A professor of grammar and rhetoric ;
a philologist. 2. One versed in tire knowledge of human
nature.
HU-MAN'I-TY, n. [L. humanitas.] 1. The peculiar nature
of man , by which he is distinguished from other beings. 2
Mankind collectively ; the human race. 3. The kind feel-
ings, dispositions and sympathies of man, by which he is
distinguished from the lower orders of animals ; kindness ,
benevolence. 4. The exercise of kindness ; acts of tender-
ness. 5. Philology; grammatical studies. — Humanities, in
the pZwraZ, signifies grammar, rhetoric and poetry; forteach-
ing which there are professors in the universities of Scotland.
HU-MAN-I-Za'TION, 7i. The act of humanizing.
Hu'MAN-iZE, v.t.To soften ; to render humane ; to subdue
dispositions to cruelty, and render susceptible of kind feel-
ings.
Hu'MAN-lZED, pp. Softened ; rendered humane
Hu'MAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Softening; subduing cruel dis-
positions. _
HtJ'MAN-KiND, n. The race of man ; mankind ; the hu-
man species. Pope.
Hu'MAN-LY, adv. L After the manner of men ; according
to the opinions or knowledge of men. 2. Kindly; hu
manely ; [obs.] Pope.
t HU-Ma'TION, 7!. Interment.
HUM'BiRD, or HUM'MING-BiRD, n. A very small bird
of the genus trochilus ; so called from the sound of its
wings in flight.
*HUM'BLE,a. [Fr. humble ; h-humilis.] 1. Low ; opposed
to high or lofty. Coicley. 2. Low ; opposed to lofty ox great ;
mean ; not magnificent. 3. Lowly; modest; meek; sub-
missive ; opposed top7-oud, haughty, arrogant or assuming,
*HUM'BLE, v.t. 1. To abase; to reduce to a low state.
2. To crush ; to break ; to subdue. 3. To mortify. 4.
To make humble or lowly in mind ; to abase the pride of;
to make meek and submissive. 5. To make to conde-
scend ; as, he humbles himself to speak to them. 6. To
bring down ; to lower ; to reduce. 7. To deprive of chas-
tity. Dent. xxi. — To humble one's self, to repent ; to afilict
one's self for sin ; to make contrite.
* HUM'BLE-BEE, n. [G. hummel. It is often called bumble-
bee.] 1. A bee of a large species. 2. An herb.
* HUM'BLED, pp. Made low ; abased ; rendered meek and
submissive ; penitent.
*HUM'BLE-MOUTHED, a. Mild; meek; modest.
*HUM'BLE-NESS, n. The state of being humble or low;
humility; meekness. Bacon.
* HUM'BLE-PLAJN'T, n. A species of sensitive plant.
* HUM'BLER, n. He or that which humbles ; he that re-
duces pride or mortifies.
* HUM'BLES, or UM'BLES, 7?. Entrails of a deer. Johnson.
jHUM'BLESS, 7!. [Old Fr. humblesse.] Humbleness; hu-
mility. Spenser.
*HUM'BLING,7i. Humiliation; abatement of pride. Milton.
*HUM'BLY, adv. 1. In a humble manner; with modest
submissiveness ; with humility. 2. In a low state or con-
dition; without elevation.
HUM'BOLD-ITE, n. [from Humbold.] A rare mineral.
HUM'BUG, 71. An imposition. [Jl low word.]
HUM'DRUM, a. [qu. hum, and drone.] Dull ; stupid.
HUM'DRUM, n. A stupid fellow ; a drone.
HU-MECT', I V. t. [L. humecto.] To moisten ; to wet •
HU-ME€'TATE, ] to water. [Little used.] Broicn.
HU-ME€-Ta'TION, 71. The act of moistenmg, wetting or
watering. [Little used.] Bacon.
HU-ME€'TIVE, a. Having the power to moisten.
Hu'ME-RAL, a. [Fr.] Belonging to the shoulder.
HUjM'HUM, 71. A kind of plain, coarse India cloth, made
of cotton.
HU-MI-€U-Ba'TION, n. [L. humus and cube] A lying on
the ground. [Little tisedT] Bramhall.
HtJ'MID, a. [L. humidus.] 1. Moist ; damp ; containing
sensible moisture. 2. Somewhat wet or watery.
HU-MID'ITY, 7!. ]. Moisture ; dampness ; a moderate de-
gree of wetness. 2. Moisture in the form of visible vapor,
or perceptible in the air.
HtJ'MID-NESS, n. Humidity.
HU-MIL'I-ATE, V. t. [L. humilio.] To humble ; to lower
in condition ; to depress. Eaton.
HU-MIL'I-A-TED, pp. Humbled ; depressed ; degraded.
HU-MIL'I-A-TING, ppr. 1. Humbling ; depressing. 2. a
Abating pride ; reducing self-confidence ; mortifying.
HU-MIL-I-a'TION, n. 1. The act of humbling ; the state
of being humbled. 2. Descent from an elevated state or
rank to one that is low or humble. 3. The act of abasing
pride ; or the state of being reduced to lowliness of mind,
meekness, penitence and submission, 4. Abasement of
pride ; mortification.
t Hu'MiLE, V. t. [Old Ft. humilier.] To humiliate or humble.
HU-MIL'I-TY, 71. [L. Mimilitas.] 1. In ethics, freedom from
pride and arrogance ; humbleness of mind ; a modest es-
timate of one's own worth. — In theology, humility con-
sists in lowliness of mind ; a deep sense of one's own
unworthiness in the sight of God. 2. Act of submission.
Hu'MITE, n. A mineral of a reddish brown color.
^ See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
HUN
422
fiUR
il UM'MER, n. One that hums ; an applauder.
HUM'MING, ppr. Making a low, buzzing or murmuring
sound.
HUM'JVUNG, n. The sound of beesj a low, murmuring
sound.
HUM'MING-ALE, n. Sprightly ale. Dryden.
HUM'MUMS, 71. plu. [Persian.] Sweating places, or
*Hu'MOR, n [L.] 1. Moisture; but the word is chiefly
used to express the moisture or fluids of animal bodies, as
the humors of the eye. 2. A disease of the skin ; cuta-
neous eruptions. 3. Turn of mind ; temper ; disposition,
or rather a peculiarity of disposition often temporary. 4.
That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas a
wild or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or
mirth by ludicrous images or representations. Humor is
less poignant and brilliant than wit ; hence it is always |
agreeable. Wit, directed against folly, often oflends by
its severity ; humoi makes a man ashamed of his follies,
withoutexciting his resentment. 5. Petulance; peevish-
ness ; better expressed by ill-humor. 6. A trick ; a prac-
tice or habit.
* Hu'MOR, V. t. 1. To gratify by yielding to particular incli-
nation, humor, wish or desire ; to indulge by compli-
ance. 2. To suit ; to indulge ; to favor by imposing no
restraint, and rather contributing to promote by occasional
aids.
* Hu'MOE.-AL, a. Pertaining to or proceeding from the hu-
mors. Harvey.
* HtJ-MORED, pp. Indulged ; favored.
* Hu'MOR-ING, ^pr. Indulging a particular wish or pro-
pensity; fa»voring; contributing to aid by falling into a
design or course.
* HtJ'MOE-IST, n. > 1. One who conducts himself by his
own inclination, or bent of mind ; one who gratifies his
own humor. 2. One that indulges humor in speaking or
writing ; one who has a playful fancy or genius. 3. One
who has odd conceits ; also, a wag ; a droll.
* Hu'MOR-OUS, a. Containing humor ; full of wild or fan-
ciful images ; adapted to excite laughter. 2. Having the
power to speak or write in the style of humor ; fanciful ;
playful ; exciting laughter. 3. Subject to be governed by
humor or caprice ; irregular; capricious; whimsical,- \_obs.'\
4. Moist ; humid ; \_ohs.']
* HtJ'MOR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With a wild or grotesque com-
bination of ideas ; in a manner to excite laughter or mirth ;
pleasantly; jocosely. 2. Capriciously; whimsically; in
conformity with one's humor.
* HtJ'MOR-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being
humorous ; oddness of conceit ; jocularity. 2. Fickle-
ness ; capriciousness. 3. Peevishness ; petulence.
* HtJ'MOR-SoME, a. 1. Peevish ; petulant ; influenced by
the humor of the moment. 2. Odd ; humorous ; adapted
toexcite laughter.
*Hu'M0R-S6ME-LY, adv. 1. Peevishly; petulantly. 2.
Oddly.; humorously.
HUMP, ra. \li.umbo.'] The protuberance formed by a crook-
ed back.
HUMP'BACK, 71. A crooked back ; high shoulders.
HUMP'BACKED, a. Having a crooked back.
HUNCH, n. 1. A hump; a protuberance. 2. A lump; a
thick piece. JVew England. 3. A push or jerk with the
fist or elbow.
HUiVCH, V. t. 1. To push with the elbow ; to push or thrust
with a sudden jerk. 2. To push out in a protuberance ; to
crook the back.
HUNCH'BACKED, a. Having a crooked back.
*HUND'RED, a. [Sax. hund, or hwndred.] Denoting the
product of ten multiplied by ten, or the number of ten
times ten.
* HUND'RED, n. 1. A collection, body or sum, consisting of
ten times ten individuals or units ; the number 100. 2.
A division or part of a county in England, supposed to
have originally contained a hundred families, or a hundred
warriors, or a hundred manors.
HUND'RED-CoURT, n. In England, a court held for all
the inhabitants of a hundred. Blackstone.
HUND'RED-ER, to. 1. In England, a man who may be of a
jury in any controversy respecting land within the hund-
red ti which he belongs. 2. One having the jurisdiction
of a hundred.
HUNDREDTH, a. The ordinal of a hundred.
HUNG, pret. and pp. of hang.
UUNGA-R^-WA'TER, n. A distilled water prepared from
th ; tops of flowers of rosemary ; so called from a queen of
Hungary, for whose use it was first made.
HUN'GER, 71. [Sax., G., Dan., Sw. hunger.] 1. An uneasy
sensation occasioned by the want of food ; a craving of
food by the stomach ; craving appetite. 2. Any strong or
eager desire.
HUiN GER, v.i. 1. To feel the pain or uneasiness which is
occasioned by long abstinence from food ; to crave food.
2. To desu:e with great eagerness ; to long for.
t HUN'GER. V. t. To famish.
HUN'GER-BIT, ) a. Pained, pinched or weakened by
HUN'GER-BIT-TEN, \ hunger.
HUN'GER-ING, ppr. Feeling the uneasiness of want of
food ; desiring eagerly ; longing for ; craving.
HUN'GER-LY, a. Hungry ; wanting food, Shak.
HUN'GER-LY,a/iw. With keen appetite. \ Little used.] Shak
HUN'GER-STARVED, a. Starved with hunger ; pinched
by want of food. Dryden.
t HUN'GRED, a. Hungry; pinched by want of food.
HUNGRI-LY, adv. With keen appetite ; voraciously. Drtj-
den.
HUN'GRY, a. 1. Having a keen appetite ; feeling pain or
uneasiness from want of food. 2. Having an eager desire.
3. Lean ; emaciated, as if reduced by hunger. 4. Not
rich or fertile ; poor ; barren ; requiring substances to en-
rich itself.
HUNKS, n. A covetous, sordid man ; a miser ; a niggard.
HUNS, n. [L. Hwnii.] The Scythians who conquered Pan-
nonia, and gave it its present name, Hungary.
HUNT, V. t. [Sax. huntian.] 1. To chase wild animals, par-
ticularly quadrupeds, for the purpose of catching them for
food, or for the diversion of sportsmen ; to pursue with
hounds for taking, as game. 2. To go in search of, for
the purpose of shooting. 3. To pursue; to follow closely.
4. I'o use, direct or manage hounds in the chase. — To hunt
out or after, to seek ; to search for. Locke. — To hunt fr amy
to pursue and drive out or away. — To hunt down, to de-
press ; to bear down by persecution or violence.
HUNT, V. i. 1. To follow the chase. 2. To seek wild ani-
mals for game, or for killing them by shooting when nox-
ious. 3. To seek by close pursuit ; to search.
HUNT, n. 1. A chase of wild animals for catching them
2. A huntsman ; [obs.] 3. A pack of hounds. 4. Pursuit ;
chase. 5. A seeking of wild animals of any kind for
game.
HUNT'ED, pp. Chased ; pursued ; sought.
HUNT'ER, n. I. One who pursues wild animals with a
, view to take them, either for sport or for food. 2. A dog
that scents game, or is employed in the chase. 3. A
horse used in the chase.
HUNT'ING, ppr. Chasing for seizure ; pursuing ; seeking ;
searching.
HUNT'ING, 71. 1. The act or practice of pursuing wild ani-
mals, for catching or killing them. 2. A pui-suit ; a seek-
ing.
HUNT'ING-HORN, n. A bugle ; a horn used to cheer the
hounds in pursuit of game.
HUNT'ING-HORSE, } n. A horse used in hunting. But-
HUNT'ING-NAG, $ ler.
HUNT'ING-SeAT, 71. A temporary residence for the pur-
pose of hunting. Gray.
HUNT'RESS, 71. A female that follows the chase.
HUNTS'MAN, n. 1. One who practices hunting. 2. The
servant whose office it is to manage the chase.
KUNTS'MAN-SHIP, 71. The art or practice of hunting.
HUR'DEN, 71. A coarse kind of linen. {Local, or obs.]
HUR'DLE, n. [Sax. hyrdel.] I. A texture of twigs, osiers
or sticks ; a crate of various forms, according to its desti-
nation. — 2. In fortification, a collection of tv/igs or sticks
interwoven closely and sustained by long stakes. — 3. In
husbandry, a frame of split timber or sticks wattled
together, serving for gates, inclosures, &c.
HUR DLE, V. t. To make up, hedge, cover, or close with
hurdles. Seicard.
KURDS, 71. The coarse part of flax or hemp. See Hards.
HUR'DY-GUR'DY, n. An instrument of music, said to
be used in the streets of London.
HURL, V. t. [Arm. harlua.] 1. To throw with violence ,
to drive with great force. 2. To utter with vehemence ;
[not in use.] 3. To play at a kind of game.
HURL, V. i. To move rapidly ; to whirl. Thomson.
HURL, 71. 1. The act of throwing with violence. 2. Tu-
mult ; riot; commotion. Knolles.
HURL'BAT, 71. A whirl-bat ; an old kind of weapon.
HURL BONE, n. In a horse, a bone near the middle of
the buttock. Encyc.
HURLED, pp. Thrown with violence.
HURL'ER, n. One who hurls, or who plays at hurling.
HURL'ING, ppr. Throwing with force ; playing at hurling.
HURL'WIND, n. A whirlwind, which see. Sandys.
HURL'Y, ) 71. [Dan. hurl om burl ; Fr. hurlu-
HURL'Y-BURL-Y, \ burlu.] Tumult ; bustle ; confusion
Shak.
HU^ rXH' ' ( exclam. Hoora ; huzza. See Hoora.
HUR'R1-€ANE, n. [Sp. huracan, for fur ac an.] 1. A most
violent storm of wind. 2. Any violent tempest.
HUR'RIED, pp. Hastened ; urged or impelled to rapid mo-
tion or vigorous action.
HUR'RI-ER, n. One who hurries, urges or impels.
HUR'RY, 7J. t. [L.curro; Fr. courir.] 1. To hasten; to
impel to greater speed ; to drive or press forward with
more rapidity ; to urge to act or proceed with more celer-
ity. 2. To drive or impel with violence. 3. To urge or
See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, f, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete.
HUS
423
HYD
drive with precipitation and confusion 5 for confusion is
often caused by hurry. — To hurry away, to drive or carry
away in haste.
HUR'HY, V. i. To move or act with haste ; to proceed with
celerity or precipitation.
HUR'RY, 71. 1. A driving or pressing forward in motion ox
business. 2. Pressure ; urgency to haste. 3. Precipita-
tion that occasions disorder or confusion. 4. Tumult j bus-
tle 3 commotion.
HUR'RY-ING , fpr Driving or urging to greater speed ; pre-
cipitating.
HUR'RY-SKUR'RY, adv. Confusedly ; in a bustle.
HURST, n. [Sax. hurst, or hyrst.] A wood or grove.
HURT, v. t. ; pret. and pp. hurt. [Sax. hjjrt.] 1. To bruise ;
to give pain by a contusion, pressure, or any violence to
the body. 2. To wound ; to injure or impair the sound
state of the body, as by incision or fracture. 3. To harm ;
to damage ; to injui-e by occasioning loss. 4. To injure by
diminution ; to impair. 5. To injure by reducing in qual-
ity ; to impair the strength, purity or beauty of. 6. To
harm J to injure ; to damage, in general. 7. To wound j
to injure ; to give pain to.
HURT, M. 1. A wound ; a bruise ; any thing that gives pain
to the body. 2. Harm; mischief; injury. 3. Injury;
loss.
HURT'ER, n. One who hurts or does hajm.
HURT'ERS, 71. Pieces of wood at the lower end of a plat-
form, to prevent the wheels of gun-carriages from injur-
ing the parapet.
HURT'FUL, a. Injurious; mischievous; occasioning loss
or destruction ; tending to impair or destroy.
HURT'FUL-LY, adv. Injuriously ; mischievously.
HURT'FJJL-NESS, 71. Injuriousness; tendency to occasion
loss or destruction ; mischievousness.
I HUR'TLE, V. i. [from hurt.] To clash or run against ; to
jostle ; to skirmish ; to meet in shock and encounter ; to
wheel suddenly.
j HUR'TLE, V. t. 1. To move with violence or impetuosity.
Spenser. 2. To push forcibly ; to whirl.
HUR'TLE-BER-RY, n. A whortleberry, which see.
HURT'LESS, a. 1. Harmless; innocent; doing no injury ;
innoxious. 2. Receiving no injury.
HURT'LESS-LY, adv. Without harm. [Little used.]
HURT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from any harmful qual-
ity. [Little used.] Johnson.
HUS'BAND, n. [Sax. husbonda.] 1. A man contracted or
joined to a woman by marriage. A man to whom a wo-
man is betrothed. — 2. In seamen^s language, tlie owner
of a ship who manages its concerns in person. 3. The
male of animals of a lower order. 4. An economist ; a
good manager ; a man who knows and practices the meth-
ods of frugaUty and profit. 5. A farmer ; a cultivator ;
a tiller of the ground.
HUS'BAND, V. t. 1. To direct and manage with frugality
in expending any thing; to use with economy. 2. To
till ; to cultivate with good management. 3. To supply
with a husband ; [little used.]
HUS'BAND- A-BLE, a. Manageable with economy.
HUS'BAND-ED, pp. Used or managed with economy ;
well-managed.
HUS'B AND-ING, ppr. Using or managing with frugality.
HUS'BAND-LESS, a. Destitute of a husband.
HUS'BAND-LY, a. Frugal ; thrifty. [Little used.]
HUS'BAND-MAN, n. 1. A farmer; a cultivator or tiller of
the groimd ; one who labors in tillage. 2. The master
of a family. Chaucer.
HUS'BAND-RY, 71. 1. The business of a farmer. 2. Fru-
gality ; domestic economy ; good management ; thrift.
3. Care of domestic affairs.
HUSH, a. [G. husch.] Silent ; still ; quiet ; as, they are
hush as death.
HUSH, V. t. 1. To still ; to silence ; to calm ; to make quiet ;
to repress noise. Shak. 2. To appease ; to allay ; to
calm.-
HUSH, V. i. To be still ; to be silent. Spenser.
HUSH, imperative of the verb, used as an exclamation, be
still ; be silent or quiet ; make no noise — To hush up to
suppress ; to keep concealed. Pope.
HUSH'MoN-EY, n. A bribe to secure silence ; money paid
to hinder information, or disclosure of facts.
HUSK, 71. [qu. W. gwisg.] The external covering of cer-
tain fruits or seeds of plants.
HUSK, V. t. To strip off the external integument or cover-
ing of the fruits or seeds of plants.
HUSKED, pp. 1. Stripped of its husks. 2. a. Covered with
HUSK'I-NESS, n. The state of being dry and rough, like
HUSK'ING, ppr. Stripping off husks.
HUSKTNG, 71. The act of stripping off husks.
HUSK'Y, a. 1. Aboundingwith husks ; consisting of husks.
2. Resembling husks ; dry ; rough. 3. Rough, as sound ;
harsh ; whizzi'ig.
HCSO, n. A fish of the genus accipenser.
HUS-SAR', n. [Tartar, uswar.] A mounted soldier, or
horseman, in German cavalry.
HUSS'ITE, 71. A follower of John Huss, the reformer.
HUSS'Y, n. [contracted from huswife, housewife.] 1. A
bad or worthless woman. 2. An economist; a thrifty
woman. Tusser.
HUS'TINGS, n. [Sax. hustinge.] 1. A court held in Guild-
hall, in London, before the lord mayor and aldermen of
the city; the supreme court or council of the city. 2.
The place where an election of a member of parliament is
held. Burke.
HUS'TLE, (hus'l) v. i. [D. hutsclen.] To shake together
in confusion ; to push or crowd. To shrug up the shoul-
ders. Grose.
* HUS'WIFE, n. 1. A worthless woman. [See Hussy. J
Shak. 2. A female economist ; a thrifty woman. Shak.
* HUS'WIFE, V. t. To manage with economy and frugality.
* IIUS'WIFE-LY, a. Thrifty; frugal; becoming a house-
wife. Tusser.
* HUS'WIFE-LY, adv. Thriftily ; like a good huswife or
husband.
* HUS'WIFE- RY", 71. The business of managing the con-
cerns of a family by a female ; female management.
HUT, n. [G. Mitte ; D. hut.] A small house, hovel or cabin ;
a mean lodge or dwelling ; a cottage.
HUT, V. t. To place in huts, as troops encEiraped in winter
quarters. Smollett.
HUT, V. i. To take lodgings in huts. T. Pickering.
HUT'TED, pp. Lodged in huts. Mitford.
HUT'TING, ppr. Placing in huts ; taking lodgings in huts.
HUTCH, 71. [Fr. huchc.] 1. A chest or box ; a corn-chest or
bin ; a case for rabbits. Mortimer. 2. A rat-trap.
HUTCH, V. t. To hoard ; to lay up as in a chest. Milton.
HUTCH-IN-Sp'NI-AN, n. A follower of the opinions of
John Hutchinson, of Yorkshire, England.
HUX, V. t. To fish for pike with hooks and lines fastened
to floating bladders. Encyc.
t HUZZ, V. i. To buzz. Barret.
HUZ-ZA', n. A shout of joy ; a foreign word, used in writ-
ing only, and most preposterously, as it is never used in
practice. The word used is our native word hoora, or
hooraw. See Hoora.
HUZ-Za', v. i. To utter a loud shout of joy, or an acclama-
tion in joy or praise. .
HUZ-ZA', V. t. To receive or attend with shouts of joy.
HY'A-CINTH, n. [L. hyacinthus.] 1. In botany, a genus
of plants, of several species. — 2. In mineralogy, a mineral,
a varietv of zircon.
HY-A-CINTH'INE, a. Made of hyacinth ; consisting of hy-
acinth; resembling hyacinth. Milton.
Hy'ADS, n. [Gr. vaSes.] In astronomy , a cluster of seven
stars in the Bull's head, supposed by tlie ancients to bring
rain.
II^'A-LiNE, ffl. [Gr. va\ivog,] Glassy ; resembling glass ,
consisting of glass. Milton.
Hl''A-5iITE, n. [Gr. iiaXos.] Muller's glass.
H^'BER-NA-CLE, ) ( Hibernacle,
HY'BER-NATE, S See ) Hibernate,
HY-BEU-Na'TION. ) ( Hibernation.
HYBRID, 71. [1.. fiybrida.] A mongrel or mule ; an animal
or plant, produced from the mixture of two species. Lee.
HY 'BRID, ) a. Mongrel ; produced from the mixture
HyB'RI-DOUS, ^ of two species.
Hy'DAGE, n. In law, a tax on lands, at a certain rate by the
hide. Blackstone.
HY'DA-TID,
HY'DA-TIS,
of the body, as in dropsy.
HY'DRA, 71. [L. hydra.] 1. A water serpent.— In /aJaZows
history, a serpent or monster, represented as having many
heads, slain by Hercules. 2. A technical name of a genus
of zoojyhytes, called polypus, or polypuses. 3. A southern
constellation, containing 60 stars.
HY-DRAC'ID, a. [Gr. v6w(,, and acid.] An acid formed by
the union of hydrogen with a substance without oxygen.
HyDRA-GOGUE, (hi'dra-gog) n. [Gr. vSpaywyos.] A
medicine that occasions a discharge of watery humors.
HY-DRAN'6E-A, n. [Gr. vSwp and ayyeiov.] A plant.
HY'DRANT, n. [Gr. vSpaivu).] A pipe or' machine, by
which water is raised and discharged.
HY-DRAR'6IL-LITE, n. [Gr. vSup and apyiWog.] A min-
eral, called also wavelUte.
H1?'DRATE, n. [Gr. v^wp.] In chemistry, a compound in
definite proportions, of a metallic oxyd with water.
HY-DRAUL'I€, \ a. [Fr. hydraulique ; L. hydrauUcus.]
HY DRAUL'I-€AL, ) 1. Relating to the conveyance of
water through pipes. 2. Transmitting water through
pipes.
H^-DRAUL'I€S, n. The science of the motion and force
of fluids, and of the construction of all kinds of instru-
ments and machines by which the force of fluids is appli-
ed to practical purposes ; a branch of hydrostatics.
), ) n. [Gr. vSaris.] A little transparent vesicle
5, \ or bladder filled with water, on any part
« See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK. D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «Aw f Obsolete.
i
HYD
424
HYP
H5'-DREN'TE-RO-CELE, n. fGr. U(op^ evrcpov and k??X>7.]
A dropsy of the scrotum with rupture.
HYD-RI-OD'ie, a. [hijdrogen and iodic] Denoting a pe-
culiar acid or gaseous substance.
HyD'RI-O-DATE, 71. A salt formed by the hydriodic acid
with a base. De Claubry.
HY-DRO-€AR'BO-NATEj n. [hydrogen, and L. carbo.] Car-
bureted hydrogen gas.
Hy-DRO-€aR'BU-RET, n. Carbureted hydrogen.
HY'DRO-CELE, m. [Gr. iJpoKjjX??.] Any hernia proceed-
ing from water ; a watery tmnor, particularly one in the
scrotum. A dropsy of the scrotum.
HY-DRO-CEPH'A-LUS, n. [Gr. vduip and KE^aXrj.] Drop-
sy of the head. Coxe. -^
Hy-DRO CHLO'RATE, n. A compound of hydrochloric
acid and a base ; a muriate. Journ. ofyScience.
HY-DRO-€HLo'Rie, a. Hydrochloric acid is muriatic acid
gas. Webster's Manual.
Hy-DRO-€y'A-NATE, n. Prussiate ; cyanuret.
HY-DRO-CY-AN'I€, a. [hydrogen, and Gr. Kvavog.] The
hydrocyanic acid is the same as the prussic acid.
HY-DRO-DY-NAM'I€, a. [Gr. v6o)p and SvvaiJis.] Per-
taining to the force or pressure of water.
HY-DRO-DY-NAM'I€S, n. That branch of natural philos-
ophy which treats of the phenomena of water and other
fluids.
HY-DRO-FLu'ATE, n. A compound of hydrofluoric acid
and a base.
HlZ^-DRO-FHJ-OR'I€, a. [Gr. v^ap, and h.jluor.] Consist-
ing of fluorin and hydrogen.
HY'DRO-GEN, 71. [Gr. vSiap and yewaw.J In chemistry, a
gas which constitutes one of the elements of water.
Hy'DRO-GE-NATE, v. t. To combine hydrogen with any
tiling.
HY'DR0-6E-NA-TED, pp. In combination with hydro-
gen.
HY'DR0-6E-NiZE, v. t. To combine with hydrogen.
H?'DR0-6E-NlZED,pi?. Combined with hydrogen.
Hy'DRO-GE-NIZ-ING, ppr. Combining with hydrogen.
HY-DROG'RA-PHER, 71. One who draws maps of the sea,
lakes or other Waters ; one who describes tlie sea or other
waters.
Hy-DRO-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Relating to or containing a
HY-DRO-GRAPH'I-CAL, I description of the sea, sea
coast, isles, shoals, depth of water, &c., or of a lake.
HY-DROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. vSwp and ypacpo).] The art
of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers and
other waters ; or the art of forming charts of the sea.
HY-DROG'U-RET, n. A compound of hydrogen with a
Hy-DROG'U-RET-ED, a. Denoting a compound of hydro-
gen with a base.
.^Y'DRO-LITE, n. [Gr. vS<j)p and Xidos-] A mineral.
aY-DR0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to hydrology.
HY-DR0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. x)So)p and 'koyog.] The science
of water, its properties and phenomena.
Hy'DRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. v6(j}p and ixavreia.] A method
of divination by water.
HY-DR0-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to divination by wa-
ter.
Hy'DRO-MEL, n. [Fr. ; Gr. hSwp and ixe^i.] A liquor
consisting of honey diluted in water.
HY-DROM'E-TER, n. An instrument to measure the grav-
ity, density, velocity, force, &c. of water and other fluids,
and the strength of spirituous liquors.
Hy-DRO-MET'RI€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to a hydrometer,
HY-DR0-MET'RI-€AL, \ or to the measurement of the
gravity, &c. of fluids. 2. Made by a hydrometer.
HY-DROM'E-TRY, 71. [Gr. v5o)p and nerpov.] The art of
measuring the gravity, density, velocity, force, &c. of
fluids, and the strength of rectified spirits.
HY-DRO-OX'YD, 71. [Gr. vSujp, and oxyd.] A metallic oxyd
combined with water ; a metallic hydrate.
HY'DRO-PHANE, n. [Gr. vSojp and (paivo).] In mineralo-
gy, a variety of opal made transparent by immersion in
water. Kirwan.
HY-DROPH'A-NOUS, a. Made transparent by immersion
in water. Kirwan.
* llY-DRO-PHo'BI-A, ) n. [Gr. v5wp and foPeoixai.] A pre-
H?'DR0-PH0-BY, ) ternatural dread of water; a
symptom of canine madness, or the disease itself, which
is thus denominated.
HY-DRO-PHo'BI€, a. Pertaining to a dread of water, or
canine madness. Med. Repos.
HY-DR0P'I€, I a. [L. hydrops ; Gr. vSpcoip.] 1. Drop-
Hy-DROP'I-€AL, \ sical ; diseased with extravasated
water. 2. Containing water ; caused by extravasated
water. 3. Resembling dropsy. Tillotson.
HY-DRO-PNEU-MAT'ie, (hy-dro-nu-mat'ik) a. [Gr. vSu)p
and nvevixarf.og.l An epithet given to a vessel of water,
with other apparatus for chemical experiments.
H?'DROP-SY. See Dropsy.
HYTRO-SCOPE, n. [Gr. v6(op and CKoireo).] A kind of
water clock.
HY-DRO-STATaC, ) a. [Gr. Um and aranKos.] Re-
HY-DRO-STAT'I-CAL, \ lating to the science of weigh-
ing fluids, or hydrostatics.
HY-DRO-STAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to hydrostatics,
or to hydrostatic principles. Bentley.
HY-DR0-STAT'I€S, n. The science which treats of the
weight, motion, and equilibriums of fluids.
HY-DRO-SULPH'ATE, n. The same as hydrosulphu-
HY-DRO-SULPH'U-RET, 76. A combination of sulphureted
hydrogen with an earth, alkali or metallic oxyd.
HY-DRO-SULPH'U-RET-ED, a. Combined with sulphu-
reted hydrogen.
HY-DRO-THo'RAX, n. [Gr. vSujp and 6(upa|.] Dropsy in
the chest. Coxe.
HY-DROT'I€, a. [Gr. v5(op.] Causing a discharge of
water.
HY-DR0T'I€, n. A medicine tliat purges ofi" water.
HY-DROX-AN'THATE, n. [Gr. h5u)p and lavScos.] In
chemistry, a compound of hydroxanthic acid with a
base.
IlY-DROX-AN'THI€, a. An acid, formed by the action of
alkalies on the bisulphuret of carbon.
Hy'DRU-RET, 71. A combination of hydrogen with sulphur,
or of sulphur and sulphureted hydrogen.
HY'DRUS, n. [Gr. iiowp.] A water snake.
HY-e'MAL, a. [L. hiems.] Belonging to winter j done in
wmter.
t PIy'E-MATE, v. i. To winter at a place.
HY-E-Ma'TION, n. [L. Memo.] The passing or spending
of a winter in a particular place.
HY-E'NA, n. [L. hycena.} A quadruped.
HY-GROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. vypos and yLirpov.] An
instrument for measuring the moisture of the at-
mosphere
HY-GR0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to hygrometry ;
made by or according to the hygrometer.
Hy-GROM'E-TRY, n. The act or art of measuring the
moisture of the air.
Hy'GRO-SCOPE, 71. [Gr. vypog and (rxoirea).] The same
as hygrometer.
HY-GRO-SeOP'I€, a. Pertaining to the hygroscope.
HY-GR0-STAT'I€S, n. [Gr. vypog and oTari/o?.] The sci-
ence of comparing degrees of moisture.
HYKE, 71. [Ar.] A blanket or loose garment.
HY-LAR'CHI-CAL, a. [Gr. v\ri and apxv-l Presiding over
matter. Hallywell.
HY-LO-Zo'I€, n. [Gr. v\r) and ^w»7.] One who holds mat-
ter to be animated. Clarke.
HYM, n. A species of dog. Q,u. Shdk.
Hy'MEN, 71. [L.] 1. \n ancient mythology, aiah\i\o\xsAeity
supposed to preside over marriages.— 2. In anatomy, tlie
virginal membrane.— 3. In botany, the fine pellicle which
incloses a flower in the bud*
*hI-ME:n|an;!«- pertaining to marriage. Pope.
HY'ME-NOP-TER, ) 71. [Gr. xmrjv and ■nrepov.'] In ento-
HY-ME-NOP'TE-RA, \ mology, the hymenopters are an
order of insects.
HY-ME-NOP'TE-RAL, a. Having four membranous
wings.
HYMN, (him) n. [L. hymnus.'] A song or ode in honor of
God, and, among pagans, in honor of some deity.
HYMN, (him) 7). i. f. To praise in song; to worship by
singing hymns. Milton. 2. To sing; to celebxate in
song.
HYMN, (him) v. i. To sing in praise or adoration.
HYMNED, (himd) pp. Sung; praised; celebrated in
song.
HYMN'ING, (him'ing) ppr. Praising in song; sing-
ing.
HYM'NIC, a. Relating to hymns. Donne.
HYM-NOL'O-GIST, 77. A composer of hymns.
HYM-NOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. v[jivos and \oyos.] A collection
of hymns. Mede.
HY-OS-CI-a'MA, 71, A vegetable alkali. Ure.
HYP, 7!. [a contraction of hypochondria.] A disease ; de-
pression of spirits.
HYP, V. t. To make melancholy ; to depress the spirits.
Spectator.
H"?-PAL'LA-6E, n. [Gr. vTraXXay??.] In grammar, a fig-
ure consisting of a mutual change of cases.
HY-PAS'PIST, 71. [Gr. {iTrao-Trttrr???.] A soldier in the ar-
mies of Greece, armed in a particular manner.
H^TER, 1. Gr. {iTTEp, Eng. over, is used in composition to
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
HYP
425
HYR
denote excess, or something over, or beyond. 2. n. A
hyi)ercritic ; [not used.] Prior.
HY-PB-RAS'PIST, n. [Gr. vTiEpaaTnarrjs.] A defender.
HY-PER'BA-TON, I n. [Gr. vnep(iaTov.] In grammar, a
Hy'PER-BATE, \ figurative construction, inverting
the natural and proper order of words and sentences.
H Y-PER'BO-LA, n. [Gr. virep and jSaXAw.] In conic sections
and geometry, a section of a cone, w^hen the cutting plane
makf^s a greater angle with the base than the side of the
cone .nakes. Webber.
HY-PER'BO-LE, n. [Fr. hyperbole; Gr. wirepjSoX??.] In
rhetoric, a figure of speech wliich expresses much more
or less than the truth, or which represents things
much greater or less, better or worse, ihan they really
are.
HY-PER-BOL'ie, ; n. 1. Belonging to the hyperbola ;
HY-PER-B0L'I-€AL, \ having the nature of the hyper-
bola. 2. Relating to or containing hyperbole ; exagge-
rating or diminishing beyond the factj exceeding the
truth.
Hy-PER-BOL'I-€AIrLY. adv. 1. In the form of a hyperbola.
2. With exaggeration ; 'in a manner to express more or
less than the truth.
HY-PER-BOL'I-PORM, a. Having the form or nearly the
form of a hyperbola.
Hy-PER'BO-LJST, n. One who uses hyperboles.
Hy-PER'BO-LiZE, v. i. To speak with exaggeration.
HY-PER'BO-LiZE, v. t. To exaggerate or extenuate.
IIY-PER'BO-LOID, n. [hyperbola, and Gr. ei6os.] A hy-
perbolic conoid.
Hy-PER-Bo'RE-AN, a. [L. Mjperboreus.] 1. Northern 5
belonging to or inhabiting a region very far north ; most
northern. 2. Very cold ; frigid.
HY-PER-Bo'RE-.\N, n. An inhabitant of the most north-
ern region of the earth.
liY-PER-eAR'BU-RET-ED, a. Supercarbureted ; having
the largest proportion of carbon. Silliman.
HY-PER-€AT-A-LE€'TI€, a. [Gr. vnepKaTa^rjKTiKos.] A
hypercatalectic verse, in Oreek and Latin poetry, is a verse
which has a syllable or two beyond the regular and just
measure.
HY-PER-€RIT'I€, n. [Fr. hjpercritique.] One who is crit-
ical beyond measure or reason ; an over-rigid critic ; a
captious censor.
HY-PER-€RIT'I€, I a. 1. Over-critical ; critical beyond
IlY-PER-eRIT'I-€AL, ) use or reason ; animadverting
on faults with unjust severity. Swift. ^ 2. Excessively
nice or exact.
HY-PER-eRIT'I-CISM, n. Excessive rigor of criticism.
HY-PER-DtJ'LI-A, n. [Gr. vnep and 6ov\eta.] Super-service
in the Romish church, performed to the virgin Mary.
HY-PER'I-eON, n. John's wort. Stukely.
HY-PER'ME-TER, n. [Gr. vmp and jjierpov.] Any thing
greater than the ordinary standard of measure.
HY-PER-MET'RI-€AL, a. Exceeding the common meas-
ure ; having a redundant syllable.
Hy-PER-OX'YD, a. [Gr. vnep, and oxyd.] Acute to excess,
as a crystal. Cleaveland.
Hy-PER-OX'Y-GE-NA-TED, I a. Super-satm-ated with ox-
HY-PER-0X'Y-6E-NlZED, \ ygen.
Hy-PER-OX-Y-Mu'RI-ATE, n. The same as chlorate.
H Y-PER-OX-Y-MU-RI-AT'I€, a. The hyperoxymuriatic acid
is the chloric acid.
HY-PER-PHYS'I-GAL, a. Supernatural.
HY-PER-SAR-€0'SIS, n. [Gr. vtiepaa^Kmis.'] The grov^h
of fungous or proud flesh.
Hy'PER-STENE, ) n. A mineral, Labrador hornblend,
HY'PER-STHENE, S or schillerspar.
IlY'PHEN, n. [Gr. i^ev.] A mark or short line made be-
tween two words to show that they form a compound
word, or are to be connected ; as in pre-occupied.
HYP-N0T'I€, a. [Gr. vnvos.] Having the quality of pro-
ducing sleep 5 tending to produce sleep 3 narcotic; sopo-
rific.
HYP-NOT'ie, n. A medicine that produces, or tends to pro-
duce sleep ; an opiate ; a narcotic ; a soporific.
HY'PO, a Greek preposition, vno, under, beneath ; used in
composition. Thus, hyposulphuric acid is an acid contain-
ing less oxygen than sulphuric acid.
FlY-POB'0-LE, n. [Gr. vno and jSaXXw.] In rhetoric, a
figure in which several things are mentioned that seem
to make against the argument or in favor of the opposite
side, anjd each of them is refuted in order.
HYP'O-eAUST, n. [Gr. vnoKavaTov.] 1. Among the Oreelcs
and Romans, a subterraneous place where was a furnace
to heat baths. 2. Among the modems, the place where a
fire is kept to warm a stove or a hot-house.
HYP-0-€H0N'DRES,
HYP-0-€HON' DRY.
HYP-0-€HON DRI-A, n plu. [Gr, from vno and ;;^oi/5po?.]
1. In anatomy, the sides of the belly under the cartilages
See Hypochondria.
of the spurious ribs ; the spaces on each side of the epi-
gastric legion. 2. Hypochondriac complaints.
*HYP-0-€HON'DRI-A€, a. 1. Pertaining to thehypochow-
dria, or the parts of the body so called, 2, Aftected by
a disease, attended with debiliiy, depression of spirits
or melancholy. 3. Producing melancholy or low spirits
* HYP-0-eHON'DRI-A€, n. A person affected with debili-
ty, lowness of spirits or melancholy.
HYP-0-€HON-DRl'A-€AL, a. The same as hypochondriac.
HYP-0-€HON-DRI'A-ClSM, n. A disease of men, charac-
terized by languor or debility, depression of spirits or
melancholy, with dyspepsy.
HYP-0-€HON-DRl'A-StS, n. Hypochondriacism.
HYP'O-CIST, n. [Gr, Ikokigth.'] An inspissated juice ob-
tained from the sessile asarum.
HY-P0-€RA-TER'I-F0RM, a. [Gr. iiTro, Kparrip, and form J
Salver-shaped ; tubular at top.
HY-PO€'RI-SY, n. [Fr. hypocrisie ,• L, hypocrisis ; Gr, vnoK
picris.] 1, Simulation ; a feigning to be what one is not ;
or dissimulation, a coi*cealment of one's real character
or motives ; a counterfeiting of religion, 2. Simulation ;
deceitful appearance ; false pretense ,
HYP'0-€RiTE, ri, [Fr. hypocrite; Gr. hnoKpirE^.] 1. One
who feigns to be what he is not; one who has the
form of godliness without the power, or who assumes an
appearance of piety and virtue, when he is destitute of
true religion, 2, A dissembler ;' one who assumes a
false appearance.
HYP-0-€RIT'I€, ) a. 1, Simulating ; counterfeiting a
HYP-0-€RIT'I-€AL, \ religious character; assuming a
false and deceitful appearance, 2. Dissembling; con-
cealing one's real character or motives. 3. Proceeding
from hypocrisy, or marking hypocrisy.
HYP-0-€RIT'I €AL-LY,adt7. With simulation ; with a false
appearance of what is good ; falsely; without sincerity.
HY-P0-GAS'TRI€, a. [Gr, iiro and yaarw.] 1, Relating
to the hypogastrium, or middle part of the lower region of
the belly, 2, An appellation given to the internal branch
of the iliac artery. »
HY-PO-GAS'TRO-CELE, n. [Gr, vnoyaaToiov and /cr/X;?.]
A hernia or rupture of the lower belly. Coxe.
HY-PO-6e'UM, 71. [Gr. vno and yata.] A name given by
ancient architects to all the parts of a building which
were under ground.
HY-P06'Y-N0US, a. [Gr. vno and yvvri.] A term applied
to plants that have thek corols and stamens inserted un-
der the pistil.
HY-PO-PHOS'PHO-ROUS, a. The hypophosphorous acid
contains less oxygen than the phosphorous.
HY-PO-PHOS'PHITE, n. A compound of hypophosphorous
acid and a salifiable base. Ure.
HY-POS'TA-SIS, ) n. [L. hypostasis.] Properly, subsist-
HY-POS'TA-SY, ) ence or substance. Hence it is used
to denote distinct substance, or subsistence of the Father,
Son and Holy Spirit, in the Godhead, called by the
Greek Christians, three hypostases.
HY-PO-STAT'I€, \ a. 1. Relating to hypostasis; con-
HY-P0-STAT'I-€AL, \ stitutive. 2, Personal, or distinct-
ly personal ; or constituting a distinct substance,
HY-P0-STAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Personally,
HY-PO-SUL'PHATE, n. A compound of hyposulphuric
acid and abase.
HY-PO-SUL'PHITE, n. A compound of hyposulphurous
acid and a salifiable base.
HY-P0-SUL'PHU-RI€, or HY-PO-SUL-PHuRI€, a. Hy-
posulphuric acid is an acid combination of sulphur and
oxygen.
HY-PO-SUL'PHU-ROUS, a. Hyposulphurous acid is an
acid containing less oxygen than sulphurous acid.
HY-POT'E-NUSE, n. [Gr. vnoTtivovaa.] In geometry, the
subtense or longest side of a right-angled triangle, or the
line that subtends the right angle,
HY-P0TH'E-€ATE, v.t. [L. hypotheca.] ], To pledge,
and, properly, to pledge the keel of a ship. 2,. To pledge,
as goods,
HY-P0TH'E-eA-TED,iJi7. Pledged, as security for money,
borrowed.
HY-POTHE-€A-TmG, ppr. Pledging as security.
HY-POTH-E-€a'TION, n. The act of pledging,
Hy-POTH'E-€A-TOR, n. One who pledges a ship or other
property, as security for the repayment oi money borrow-
ed. Judge Johnson.
HY-POTfl'E-SIS, ??,, [li,] I, A supposition; something
not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument,
2, A system or theory imagined or assumed to account
for what is not understood.
HY-PO-THET'ie, \ a. Including a supposition; con-
HY-P0-THET'I-€AL, S ditional ; assumed without proof,
for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof.
HY-P0-THET'I-€AL-LY, adv. By way of supposition
HYRSE, (hurs) n. [G. hirse.] Millet.
HYRST, 71. A wood. See Hurst.
* SeeSyK':psis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 5— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J 3 ffi as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. ^Obsolete
ICH
426
IDE
HY SOU, n. A species of green tea from China.
* H YS'SOP, I /T,T,„„„>, <j n. [L. kyssoptts.] A plant, or genus
HY'SOP, jCHi'sup) I of plants. J ^ ' ^
HYS-TER'I€, I a. [Ft. fiysteriqiie.] Disordered in the
HYS-TEIl'I-€AL, i region of the womb ; troubled with
fits or nervous affections.
HYS-TER'r€S, n. A disease of women, proceeding from
the womb, a. d characterized by fits or spsismodic affec-
tions of the nervous system.
HYS'TER-0-CELE, n. [Gr. harepa and Kti^t].] A species
of hernia, caused by a displacement of the womb. A
rupture containing the uterus.
HYS'TE-RON PROT'E-RON, n. [Gr. varepov and JtpoTE-
pov.] A rhetorical figure, when that is said last which
was done first.
HYS-TE-ROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. voTepa and tout].] In ^rge-
rv, tlie Cesarean section.
H-2THE, n. A port. See Hithe.
Iis tlie ninth letter, and the third vowel, of the English
Alphabet. This vowel in French, and in most Europe-
an languages, has the long fine sound which we express
by e in jne, or ee in seen, meek. This sound we retain
in some foreign words which are naturalized in our lan-
guage, as in machine, intrigue. But in most English
words, this long sound is shortened, as in holiness, pity,
gift. — The sound of t long, as in fine, kind, arise, is diph-
thongal. — This letter enters into several digraphs, as in
fail, field, seize, feign, vein, friend : and with o in oil, join,
coin, it helps to form a proper diphthong. No English
word ends with i, but when the sound of the letter oc-
curs at the end of a word, it is expressed by y.
As a numeral, I signifies one, and stands for as many units
as it is repeated in times ; as, EI, two. III, thi-ee, &c.
Among the ancient iZoma?i5, 10 stood for 500 3 CIO, for
1000; 100, for 5000; CCIOO, for 10,000; 1000, for
50,000 ; and CCCIOOO, for 100,000.
I, formerly prefixed to some English words, as in ibuilt, is
a contraction of the Saxon prefix ge ; and more generally
this was written y.
t pron. [Hax. ic : Goth., D. ik; G.ich; Sw.jag; Dan.jeo-,-
Gr. £ya) ; L. ego ; Port, eu ; Sp. yo ; It. io ; Fr. je.] The
pronoun of the first person ; the word which expresses
one's self, or that by which a speaker or writer denotes
himself. It is only the nominative case of the pronoun ;
in the other cases we use me ; as, /am attached to study ;
study delights me. In the plural, we use we, and us,
wJiich appear to be words radically distinct from /.
I-AM'Bie, a. [Fr. iamhique ; L. iambicus.] Pertaining to
the iambus, a poetic foot.
I-AM'BI€, or I-AM'BUS, n. [L. iambus ; Gr. lanpog^] ' In
poetry, a foot consisting of two syllables, the first short
and the last long, as in delight.— T tie following line con-
sists wholly of iambic feet.
He scorns I the force j that daresjhis fu|ry stay.
I-AM'BI€S, /?. pin. Verses composed of short and long syl-
lables alternately. Anciently, certain songs or satires,
supposed to have given birth to ancient comedy.
I-A-TR0-LEP'TI€, a. [Gr. larpojand aXa^co.] That which
cures by anointing.
I'BEX, n. [L.] The wild goat of the genus capra.
IBIS, n. [Gr. and L.] A fowl of the genus tantalus, and
erallic order, a native of Egypt.
I-€a'RI-AN, a. [from Icarus.] Adventurous in flight ; soar-
ing too high for safety, like Icarus.
ICE, n. [Sax. is, isa ; G. eis.] 1. Water or other fluid con-
gealed, or in a solid state. 2. Concreted sugar. — To
break the ice, is to make the first opening to any attempt.
ICE, V. t. 1. To cover with ice ; to convert into ice. 2. To
cover with concreted sugar ; to frost. 3. To chill ; to
freeze.
ICE'BERG, n. [ice, and G. lerg.] A hill or mountain of
ice, or a vast body of ice accumulated in valleys in high
northern latitudes ; a vast mass of floating ice.
ICE'BLINK, n. A name given by seamen to a bright ap-
pearance near the horizon, occasioned by the ice, and ob-
served befbre the ice itself is seen.
ICE'BOAT, n. A boat constructed for moving on ice.
ICE'BOUND a. In seamen^s language, totally surrounded
with ice, so a.=i to be innapable of advancing.
rCE'BUILT, a 1. Composed of ice. 2. Loaded with ice.
ICE'HOUSE, n. A repository for the preservation of ice
during warm weather
ICE'ISLE, (ise'ilej n. A vast body of floating ice.
TCELAND-ER,^. A native of Iceland.
ICE'LAND-ie, a. Pertaining to Iceland; and, as a komk,
the language of the Icelander.
ICE'PLA.NT, n. A plant vrith icy pimples. Encyc
ICE'SPAR, 7!. A variety of feldspar.
ICH-NEu'MON, n. [L.] An animal of the genus viverra, or
weasel kind.
1€H-N0-GRAPH'IC, \ a. Pertaining to ichnography ;
If IH-NO-GRAPH'I-CAL, S describhig a ground-plot.
)t/'H-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. 1XV05 and ypa(pw.'\ Inperspec-
. [Gr. ix^vg and Ko'S\a.'] Fish,
glue ; isinglass ; a glue prepared
tive, the view of any thing cut off by a plane parallel to
the horizon, just at the base of it ; a ground-plot.
I'CHOR, n. [Gr. t;^^?.] 1. A thin watery humor, like
serum or whey. 2. Sanious matter flowing from an ulcer.
I'CHOR-OUS, a. 1. Like ichor ; thin ; watery ; serous. 2.
Sanious.
ICH'THY-0-€OL, )
ICH-THY-0-COL'LA, \
from the sounds offish.
ICH'THY-O-LITE, n. [Gr. ix^vs and At0oj.]
or the figure or impression of a fish in rock.
TCH-THY-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to ichthvology.
I€H-TKY-0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in ichthyology.
I€H-THY-0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. t;^0i;j and Xoyos.} The sci-
ence of fishes, or that part of zoology which treats of fishes.
I€H-THY-OPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. tp^flu? and ^ayw.] Eating
or subsisting on fish.
ICH-THY-OPH'A-GY, n. The practice of eating fish.
ICH-THY-OPH-THAL'MITE, n. [Gr. t^^"? and o(p6a'\ixoi-]
Fish-eye-stone.
I'CT-GLE, 71. [Sax. ises-gecel ; D. yskegel.] A pendent, con-
ical mass of ice, formed by the freezing of water or other
fluid as it flows down an inclined plane, or collects in
drops and is suspended. — In the north of England, it is
called ickle.
I'CI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being icy, or of being very
cold. 2. The state of generating ice.
I'CING, ppr. Covering with concreted sugar.
I€ KLE, 7?. In the north of England, an icicle. Grose.
t I'CON, n. [Gr. eiKO)v.] An image or representation.
I-CON'O-CLAST, n. [Ft. iconoclaste.] A breaker or de-
stroyer of unages.
l-€ON-0-CLAS'TIC, a. Breakmg images.
I-CON-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. £ik(ov and ypa^w.] The de-
scription of images.
I-CON-OL'A-TER, n. [Gr. eiKwv and Xarpevs.] One that
worships images ; a name given to the Romanists.
I-CON-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. eikwv and Xoyos.] The doctrme
of unages or representations. Johnson.
I-CO-SA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. eikoctl and iSpa.] Having twen-
ty equal sMes.
i-CO-SA-He'DRON, 71. A solid of twenty equal sides.
I-CO-SAN'DER, n. [Gr. eikoctl and avnp.] In botany, a
plant having twenty or more stamens inserted in the calyx.
I-CO-SAN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to the class of plants
icosandria.
IC'TER-ie, / a. [L. ictericus.l 1. Affected with the
IC-TER'I-CAL, \ jaundice. 2. Good in the cure of the
jaundice.
I€'TER-IC, 71. A remedy for the jaundice. Sicift.
IC-TE-Ri"TIOUS, a. [L. icterus.] Yellow; having the
color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice.
I'CY, a. 1. Abounding with ice. 2. Cold; frosty. 3
Made of ice. 4. Resembling ice ; chilling. 5. 'Cold ,
frigid; destitute of affection or passion. 6. Indifferent;
unaffected; backward. Shak.
I'CY- PEARLED, a. Studded with spangles of ice.
I'D, contracted from I would, or I had.
I-De'A, 71. [L. idea.] 1. Literally, that which is seen ;
hence, form, image, model of anythirtg in the mind ; that
which is held or comprehended by the understanding. — 2.
In popular use, idea signifies notion, conception, thought,
opinion, and even purpose or intention. 3. Image in the
mmd. 4. An opinion ; a proposition.
i-De'AL, a. 1. Existing in idea ; intellectual; mental. 2.
Visionary ; existing in fancy or imagination only. 3.
That considers ideas as images, phantasms, or forms in
the mind.
i-DeAL-ISM, n. The system or theory that makes every
thing to consist in ideas, and denies the existence of ma-
terial bodies. Walsh.
i-De'AL-iZE, v. i. To form ideas.
I-DeAX-LY, adv. Intellectually ; mentally ; in idea.
t i-De'ATE, v. t. To form in idea , to fancy. Donne.
* See Synopsis A, E, I 6, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PRgY :— PIN, MARINE, BiRDj— ^ Obsolete.
IDL
427
IGN
f-DEN'TI€, ) a [Fr. identique.] The same : not differ-
M)EN'TI-€AL, \ ent.
I-DEN'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With sameness. Ross.
I-DE]M'TI-€AL-NESS, n. Sameness.
I-DEN-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of making or proving
to be the same.
T-DEN'TI-FiED, pp. Ascertained or made to be the same.
T-DEN'TI-FY, v. t. [L. idem and facio.] 1. To ascertain
or prove to be the same. 2. To make to be the same ; to
unite or combine in such a manner as to make one inter-
est, purpose or intention ; to treat as having the same use ;
to consideras the same in effect.
I-DEi\ TI-Fy, u i. To become the same ; to coalesce in in-
terest, purpose, use, effect, &c.
I-DEN'TI-Fy-ING, ppr. 1. Ascertaining or proving to be
the same 2. Making the same in interest, purpose, use,
efficacy, &c.
I-DEN'TI-TY, n. [Fr. identite.] Sameness, as distinguish-
ed from similitude and diversity.
IDES, n. plu. [L. idus ] In the ancient Roman calendar,
eight days in each month ; the first day of which fell on
the 13th of January, February, April, June, August, Sepn
tember, November and December, and on the i5th of
March, May, July and October.
ID-I-0€'RA-Sy, 71. [Gr. ihos and /cpao-tj.] Peculiarity of
constitution ; tliat temperament, or state of constitution,
which is peculiar to a person.
ID-I-0-€RAt'i^AL \ °" ^^^^^^^^ ^ constitution.
TD'I-O-CY, n, [Gr. ihwrtia."] A defect of understanding ;
properly, a natural defect.
ID-I-0-E-LE€'TRI€, a. [Gr. iStos, and electric] Electric
per SB, or containing electricity in its natural state.
ID'I-OM, n. [Fr. idiome ; L. idioma.] 1. A mode of expres-
sion peculiar to a language ; peculiarity of expression or
phraseology. 2. The genius or peculiar cast of a lan-
guage. 3. Dialect.
ID-I-0-MAT'I€, } a. Peculiar to a language ; pertain-
ID-I-O-MAT'I-CAL, \ ing to the particular genius or
modes of expression which belong to a language.
ID-l-0-MAT'l-€AL-LY, adv. According to the idiom of a
language.
ID-I-0-PATHT€, a. Pertaining to idiopathy ; indicating a
disease peculiar to a particular part of the body, and not
arising from any preceding disease.
lD-I-0-PATH'I-€AL-LY, adv. By means of its own dis-
ease or affections ; not sympathetically.
ID-I-OP'A-THY, n. [Gr. iSio? and -ados.] 1. An origmal
disease in a particular part of the body ; a disease pecu-
liar to some part of the body, and not proceeding from an-
other disease. 2. Peculiar affection.
ID-I-O-RE-PUL'SIVE, a. Repulsive by itself.
ID-I-0-SYN'€RA-SY, n. [Gr. i5ios, uvv and Koacig.] A pe-
culiar temperament or organization of a body, by which
it is rendered more liable to certain disorders than bodies
differently constituted.
ID'I-OT, n. [L. idiota; Gr. iSiwrrjs,] 1. A natural fool,
or fool from his birth. 2. A foolish person ; one unwise.
ID I-OTT FAL I "" ^i'^^ ^" ^"^'o* 5 foolish ; sottish.
ID'I-OT-ISH, a. Like an idiot ; partaking of idiocy ; fool-
ish. Paley.
•U'I-OT-ISjV[, n. [Fr. idiotisme.] 1. An idiom ; a peculiar-
ity of expression ; a mode of expression peculiar to a lan-
guage ; a peculiarity in the structure of words and phrases.
2. laiocv.
ID'I-OT-iZE, V. i. To become stupid. Pers. Letters.
TDLE, a. [Sax. idel, ydel.] 1. Not employed ; unoccupied
with business; inactive 5 doing nothing. 2. Slothful;
given to rest and ease ; averse to labor or employment ;
lazy. 3. Affording leisure ; vacant ; not occupied. 4.
Remaining unused ; unemployed. 5. Useless ; vain ; in-
effectual. 6. Unfruitful ; barren ; not productive of good.
7. Trifling; vain; of no importance. 8. Unprofitable ;
not tending to edification. — Idle differs from lazy : the lat-
ter impl3'ing constitutional or habitual aversion or indis-
position to labor or action ; whereas idle, in its proper
sense, denotes merely unemployed. An industrious man
may be idle, but he cannot be lazy.
t'DLE, V. i. To lose or spend time in inaction, or without
being employed in business. — To idle away, in a transitive
sense, to spend in idleness.
T'DLE-HEAD-ED, a. 1. Foolish ; unreasonable. Carew. 2.
Delirious ; infatuated ; [little itsed.]
t I'DLE-LY, adv. [Sax. idelicc] So our ancestors wrote
idly.
FDIiE-NESS, n. 1. Abstinence from labor or employment ;
the state of a person who is unemployed ; the state of do-
ing no*hing. 2. Aversion to labor ; reluctance to be em-
ployed, or to exertion either of body or mind ; laziness ;
sloth ; sluggishness. 3. Unimportance ; trivialness. 4.
Inefficacy ; uselessness ; [little used.] 5. Barrenness;
worlhlessness ; [little used.] 6. Emptiness ; foolish-
ness ; infatuation ; as, idleness of brain ; [ little tised ]
Bacon.
I'DLE-Pa-TED, a. Idleheaded; stupid. OverMiry.
I'DLER, n. 1. One who does nothing ; one who spends
his lime in inaction. 2. A lazy person ; a sluggard.
t I'DLES-BY, n. An idle or lazy person. Wliitlock.
KDLY, adv. 1. In an idle manner ; without employment.
2. Lazily ; sluggishly. 3. Foolishly ; uselessly ; in a
trifling way. 4. Carelessly ; without attention 5.' Vain-
ly ; ineffectually.
ID'0-€RASE, n. [Gr. i^ea and K^atrig.] A mineral.
I'DOL, 71. [Fr idole ; It., Sp. idolo.] 1. An image, form
or representation, usually of a man or other ajiimal, con-
secrated as an object of worship ; a pagan deity. 2. An
image. 3. A person loved and honored to adoration. 4
Any thing on which we set our affections. 5. A repre-
sentation ; [not in use.]
I-DOL'A-TER, n. [Fr. idolatre ; L. idololatra.] 1 A wor-
shiper of idols ; one who worships as a deity that which
is not God ; a pagan. 2. An adorer ; a great admirer.
I-DOL'A-TRESS, ?;. A female worshiper of idols.
tI-DO-LAT'RI-€AL, a. Tending to Wolairv.
I-DOL'A-TRIZE, v. i. To worship idols.
I-DOL'A-TRiZE, v. t. To adore ; to worship. Ainsworth.
I-DOL'A-TROUS, a. 1. Pertaining to idolatry ; partaking
of the nature of idolatry, or of the worship of false gods j
consisting m the worship of idols. 2. Consisting in or
partaking of an excessive attachment or reverence.
I-DOL'A-TROUS-LY, adv. In an idolatrous manner.
I-DOL'A-TRY, n. [Fr. idolatrie ; L. idololatria.] 1. The
worship of idols, unages, or any thing maae by hands,
or which is not God. 2. Excessive attachment or ven-
eration for any thing, or that which borders on adora-
tion.
I'DOL-ISH, a. Idolatrous. JrlUton.
rDOL-I<PM, n. The worship of idols. [L. u.] Milton.
rDOL-IST, 71. A worshiper of images ; a poetical word.
I'DOL-iZE, V. t. To love to excess ; to love or reverence to
adoration.
I'DOL-lZED, pp. Loved or reverenced to adoration.
I'DOL-lZ-ER, 7i. One who idolizes, or loves to rever-
ence ._
iTDOL-lZ-ING, ppr. Loving or revering to an excess bor-
dering on adoration.
fl'DOL-OUS, a. Idolatrous. Bale.
I-Do'NE-OUS, a. [L. idoneus.] Fit; suitable ; proper ; con-
venient ; adequate. [Little v^ed.] Boyle.
I'DYL, n. [L. idyllium.] A short poem ; properly, a short
pastoral poem ; as, the idyls of Theocritus.
I. E. stands for L. id est, that is.
IF, V. t. imperative, contracted from Sax. gif, from gifan,
to give, (commonly, though not correctly, classed among
conjunctions.) 1. It is used as the sign of a condition, or
it introduces a conditional sentence. 2. Whether or not.
I'FAITH, adv. [abbreviation of in faith.] Indeed ; truly.
Shak.
flG-NA'RO, 71. [L.] A term formerly used for blockhead.
IG'NE-OUS, a. [L. igneus.] 1. Consisting of fire. 2.
Containing fire ; having the nature of fire. 3. Resembling
fire.
IG-NES'CENT, a. [L. ignescens.] Emitting sparks of fire
when struck with steel ; scintillating.
IG-NES'CENT, 71. A stone or mineral that gives out sparks
when struck with steel or iron.
IG'NI-FY, v.t. [1,. ignis 3.nA facio.] To form into fire.
IG-NIF'LU-OUS, a. [L. ignifluus.] Flowing with fire.
IG-NIP'0-TENT, a. [L. ignis and potens.] Presiding over
fire. Pope.
IG'NIS FAT'U-US, n. [L.] A meteor or light that appears
in the night, over marshy grounds, supposed to be occa-
sioned by phosphoric matter extricated from putrefying
animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable
gas ; vulgarly called TVill tcith the wisp, and Jack with a
lantern.
IG-NlTE', V. t. [L. ignis.] 1. To kindle, or set on fire.
2. More generally, to communicate fire to, or to render
luminous or red by heat.
IG-NlTE', V. i. To take fire ; to become red with heat.
IG-NlT'ED, pp. 1. Set on fire. 2. Rendered red or lumi-
nous by heat or fire.
IG-NlT'IA^G, ppr. 1. Setting on fire ; becoming red with
heat. 2. Communicating fire to ; heating to redness.
IG-Ni"TION, n. 1. The act of kindling, or setting on fire.
2. The act or operation of communicating fire or heat, till
the substance becomes red or luminous. 3. The state of
being kindled ; more generally, the state of being heated
to redness or luminousness. 4. Calcination.
* IG-NlT'I-BLE, a. Capable of being ignited.
IG-NIV'O-MOUS, a. [L. ignivomus.] Vomiting fire.
IG-No'BLE, a. [Ft., from T,. ignoMlis.] 1. Of low birth 01
family; not noble ; not illustrious. 2. Mean; worthless.
3. Base ; not honorable.
tIG-NO-BIL'I-TY, 71. Ignobleness. Ball.
Sde Sfnopsis MOVE. BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z.; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsalete
ILL
428
ILL
IG-JNO'BLE-NESS, n. Want of dignity ; meanness.
IG-NO'BLY, ddy. 1. Of low family or birth. 2. Meanly ;
dishonorably; reproachfully; disgracefufly ; basely.
I(J-jVO-MIN'I-OUS, a. fL. ignominiosus.] 1. Incurring
disgrace ; cowardly ; of mean cuaracter. 2. Very shame-
ful ; reproachful ; dishonorable ; infamous. 3. Despica-
ble ; worthy of contempt.
lG-NO-I\nN'I-OUS-Lr, adv. Meanly; disgracefully;
shamefully.
IG^NO-MIN-Y, ji. [L ignominia.] Public disgrace ; shame J
reproach ; dishonor ; infamy.
tIG'NO-MY, n. An abbreviation of ignominy.
IG-NO-Ra'MUS, 71. [L.] 1. The indorsement which a
grand jury make on a bill presented to them for inquiry,
when there is not evidence to support the charges ; on
which all proceedings are stepped, and the accused per-
son is discharged. 2. An ignorant person ; a vain pre-
tender to knowledge.
IG NO-RANCE, n. [Fr.; L. igiiorantia.] 1. Want, absence
- or destitution of knowledge ; the negative state of the
mind which has not been instructed. 2, Ignorances,
in tJie plural, is used sometmies for omissions or mis-
takes.
IG'NO-RANT, a. [L. ignarans.] 1. Destitute of knowl-
edge ; uninstructed or uninformed ; untauglit ; unen-
lightened. 2. Unknown ; undiscovered. 3. Unacquaint-
ed with. 4. UnskillfuUy made or done.
IG'NO-RANT, n. A person untaught or uninformed ; one
unlettered or unskihed.
IG'NO-RANT-LY, adv. 1. Without knowledge, instmction
or mformation. 2. UnskillfuUy ; inexpertly.
flG-NoRE', V. t. To be ignorant of. Boyle.
t IG-NOS'CI-BLE, a. [L. ignoscibilis.] Pardonable.
■fIG-NoTE', a. [L, ignotus.] Unknown.
I-GUA'NA, n. \ species of lizard, of the genus lacerta.
f ILE, 7i. 1. So written by Pope for aile, a walk or alley in a
cliurch or public building. 2. An ear of corn.
I-Le US, 71. [L.] A circumvolution or insertion of one part
of the gut within the other. Arbuthnot,
I'LEX, n. [L.] In botany, the generic name of the holly-
t^ee.
IL'I-A€, a. [L. iliacus.'] Pertaining to the lower bowels,
or to the ileum. The Uiac passion is a violent and dan-
gerous kmd of colic.
IL'I-AD, n. [from Ilium, Ilion.] An epic poem, composed
by Homer, in twenty-four books.
ILK, a. Tiie same ; each. This is retained in Scottish.
ILL, a. [supposed to be contracted from evil, Sax. yfel ;
Sw. ilia.] 1. Bad or evil, in a general sense ; contraiy to
good. 2. Producing evil or misfortune. 3. Bad ; evil ;
unfortunate. 4. Unhealthy ; insalubrious. 5. Cross ;
crabbed ; surly ; peevish. 6. Diseased ; disordered ; sick
or indisposed ; applied to persons. 7. Diseased ; impair-
ed. 8. Discordant ; harsh ; disagreeable. 9. Homely ;
ugly. 10. Unfavorable : suspicious. 11. Rude ; unpol-
ished. 12. Not proper ; not regular or legitimate.
ILL, n. 1. Wickedness ; depravity ; evil. 2. Jlisfortune ;
calamity ; evil ; disease ; pain ; whatever annoys or im-
pairs happiness, or prevents success.
ILL, adv. I. Not well ; jiot rightly or perfectly. 2. Not
easMy ; with pain or ditticulty.,
ILL, V. t. To reproach. J\,''orth of England, and Scotland.
{.IAj, substantive or adverb, ^rv& &enolmg evil or wrong, is
much used in composition with participles to express any
bad quality or condition ; as, ill-meaning, ill-formed, &c.
— II, prefixed to words beginning with I, stands for in, as
used in the Latin language, and usually denotes a nega-
tiou of the sense of the simple word, as illegal, not legal ;
or it denotes to or on, and merely augments or enforces
tlie sense, as in illuminate.
■f IL-LAB'ILE, a. [See Labile.] Not liable to fall or err ;
infallible. Cheipie.
t IL-L A-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of not bemg liable to err,
fall or apostatize. Cheitne.
IL-LAC'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be torn,
IL-i \€'RY-MA-BLE, a. [L. illacrymabilis.] Incapable of
weeping.
IL-LAPSE', (il-laps') n. 1. A sliding in ; an immission or
entrance of one thing into another. 2. A falling on ; a
sudden attack.
* IL-LAa'UE-ATE, v.t. [L. illaqiceo.] Toinsnare; to en-
trap ; to entangle ; to catch. [Little used.]
* IL-LAa'UE-A-TED, pp. Insnared.
* IL-LAO-UE-A'TION, n. 1. The act of insnaring ; a catch-
ing or entrapping ; [little used.] 2. A snare.
I j-La'TION, 71. rii- illatio.] An inference from premises ;
a conclusion ; deduction. [Little used.]
IL'LA-TiVE, a. 1. Relating to illation ; that may be infer-
red. 2. That denotes an inference.
IL'LA-TlVE, 71, That which denotes illation or infer-
ence.
IL'LA-TIVE-LY, adv. By illation or conclusion. Bp. Rich-
ardson.
\u-l AUD'A-BLE, a. 1, Not laudable; not worthy of ap-
probation or commendation, 2. WortLy of censure or
dispraise.
IL-LAUD'A-BLY, adv. In a manner unworthy of praise
without deserving praise. Broome.
ILL-BRED, a. Not well-bred ; unpolite.
ILL-BREED'ING, n. Want of good-breeding ; unpolite-
ness.
ILL-€ON-Di"TIONED, a. Being in bad order or state.
IL-LK'CE-BROUS, a. [L. iUecebrosits.] Alluring ; full of
alliirement. Elyot.
IL-Le'GAL, a. Not legal ; unlawful ; contrary to law ; il-
licit.
IL-LE-GAL'I-TY, 71. Contrariety to law ; unlawfulness.
IL-Le'GAL-iZE, v. t. To render unlavrful.
IL-Le GAL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to law ; un-
lawj"ully. Blackstone.
IL-Le GAL-NESS, n. The state of being illegal. Scott.
IL-LEG-I-BIL'I-TY, 77. The quality of being illegible.
IL-LE6'I-BLE, a. That cannot be read.
IL-LEG'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be read.
IL-LE-6IT'I-MA-CY, n. 1. The state of being born out of
wedlock ; the state of bastardy. 2. The state of being not
genuine, or of legitimate origin.
IL-LE-6IT'I-MATE, a. 1. Unlawfully begotten ; born out
of wedlock ; spurious. 2. Unlawful ; contrary to law
3. Not genuine ; not of genuine origin. 4. Not authorized
bv good usage.
IL-LE-GIT'I-MATE, v. t. To render illegitunate ; to prove
to be born out of wedlock ; to bastardize.
IL-LE-GIT'I-MATE-LY, adv. Not in wedlock; without
authority.
IL-LE-6TT-I-Ma'TI0N, 71. 1. The state of one not bom
in wedlock. 2. Want of genuineness. Martin.
IL-LE V'l-A-BLE, a. That cannot be levied or collected
ILL'-FaCED, a. Havmg an ugly face. Hall.
ILL-Fa'VORED, a. Ugly ; ill-lookmg ; deformed.
ILL-Fa'VORED-LY, adv. 1. With deformity. 2. Rough-
ly; rudely.
ILL-Fa'VORED-NESS, 77. Ugliness ; deformity.
IL-LIB'ER-AL, a. 1. Not liberal ; not free or generous. 2.
Not noble ; not ingenuous ; not catholic 3 of a contracted
mind. Cold in charity. 3. Not candid; uncharitable in
judging. 4. Not generous ; not munificent ; sparing of
gifts. 5. Not becoming a well-bred man. 6. Not purej
not elegant.
IL-LIB-ER-AL'I-TY, 71. 1. Narrowness of mind ; contract-
edness ; meanness ; want of catholic opinions. 2. Parsi-
mony; want of munificence. Bacon.
IL-LIB'ER-AL-LY, adv. i. Ungenerously; uncandidly5
uncharitably ; disingenuously. 2. Parsimoniously.
IL-LIC'IT, a. [L. illicitus.] Not permitted or allowed 3
prohibited ; unlawful.
IL-LICIT-LY, adv. Unlawfully.
IL-LIC'IT-NESS, 77. Unlawfulness.
IL-LIC'IT-OUS, a. Unlawful.
t IL-LlGHT'EN, v. t. To enlighten. Raleigh.
IL-LIM'I-TA-BLE, a. That cannot be limited or bounded.
Thomson.
IL-LIM'I-TA-BLY, adv. 1. Without possibHity of being
bounded. 2. Without limits.
IL-LIM-I-Ta'TION, 77. What admits of no certain deter-
mination.
IL-LIM'IT-ED, a. Unbounded ; not lunited.
IL-LIM'IT-ED-NESS, 's. Boundlessness 3 the state of being
without limits or restriction. Clarendon.
IL-LI-NT'TION, 71. [L. illinitus.] A thin crust of some ex-
traneous substance formed on minerals.
IL-LIT'ER-A-CY, n. The state of being untaught or un-
learned 5 want of a knowledge of letters 3 ignorance.
t IL-LIT'ER-AL, a. Not literal. Dr. Dawson.
IL-LIT'ER-ATE, a. [L. illiteratus.] Unlettered 3 ignorant
of letters or books 3 untaught 3 unlearned 3 uninstructed
in science.
IL-LIT'ER-ATE-NESS, 77. Want of learning 3 ignorance
of letters, books or science. Boyle.
IL-LIT'ER-A-TURE, n. Want of learnmg. [Little iised.]
ILL-LiV'ED, (ill-livd') a. Leading a wicked life. [L. u.]
ILL-NaT'URE, 71. Crossness 3 crabbedness3 habitual bad
temper, or want of kindness 5 fractiousness.
ILL-NaT'URED, a. 1. Cross; crabbed; surly 5 intracta-
ble 3 of habitual bad temper 3 peevish 3 fractious. 2. That
indicates ill-nature, 3, Intractable 3 not yielding to cul-
ture. _
ILL-NaT'TTRED-LY, adv. In a peevish or froward man-
ner ; crossly ; unkindly.
ILL-NaT'URED-NESS, 71. Crossness; want of a kind
disposition.
ILL'NESS, 77. 1. Badness; unfavorableness 3 [770^ used.]
2. Disease 3 indisposition 3 malady 3 disorder of health 3
sickness. 3. Wickedness ; iniquity 3 wrong moral con-
duct. Shak.
IL-LOG'I-€AL, a. 1, Ignorant or negligent of the rules ot
logic or correct reasoning. 2. Contrary to the rules of
logic or sound reasoning.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, ;o7i^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PlN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete.
IM
429
1MB
II>LOG'I-€AL-Ly, adv. In a manner contrary to the rules
of correct reasoning.
IL-LOG'I-€AL-NESS, n. Contrariety to sound reasoning.
ILL'STARRED, a. Fated to be unfortunate.
ILL'-TRaINED, a. Not well trained or disciplined.
IL-LuDE', V. t. [L. illudo.] To play upon by artifice ; to
deceive ; to mock ; to excite hope and disappoint it.
IL-LuD'ED, pp. Deceived ; mocked.
IL-LuD'ING, ppr. Playing on by artifice ; deceiving.
[L-LuME'j or IL-Lu'MlNE, v. t. [Fr. illuminer.] 1. 1o
illuminate ; to enlighten ; lo throw or spread light on ; to
make light or bright. 2. To enlighten, as the mind; to
cause to understand. 3. To brighten ; to adorn.
IL-LU'MI-NANT, 7i. That which illuminates.
IL-Lt)'MI-NATE, v. t. 1. To enlighten ; to throw light
on ; to supply with light. 2. To adorn with festal lamps
or bonfires. 3. To enlighten intellectually. 4. To adorn
with pictures, portraits and other paintings. 5. To illus-
trate ; to throw light on. as on obscure subjects.
IL-LU']Vn-NATE, a. Enlightened. Bp. Hall.
IL-LU'MI-NATE, n. One of a sect of heretics pretending
to possess extraordinary light and knowledge.
IL-LtJ'MI-NA-TED, pp. Enlightened; rendered light or
luniinous ; illustrated ; adorned with pictures.
IL-Lu'MI-NA-TING, ppr. Enlightening; rendering lumi-
nous or bright ; illustrating.
IL-Lu'MI-NA-TI N"«i, n. The act, practice or art of adorn-
ing manuscripts and books by paintings.
IL-LU-MI-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of illuminating or ren-
dering luminous ; the act of supplying with light. 2.
The act of rendering a house or a town light, by placing
lights at the windows, or the state of being thus rendered
light. 3. That which gives light. 4. Brightness ; splen-
dor. 5. Infusion of intellectual light. 6. The act, art or
practice of adorning manuscripts and books with pictm-es.
7. Inspiration ; the special communication of knowledge
to the mind by the Supreme Being. Hooker.
IL-Lu'MI-NA-TIVE, a. [Fr. illuminatif} Having the
power of giving light. Di^by.
IL-Lu']MI-NA-TOR, n. 1. fie or that which illuminates or
gives light. 2. One whose occupation is to decorate man-
uscripts and books with pictures, portraits and drawings
of any kind.
IL-LU-MI-NEE', or IL-LU-MI-Na'TI, n. 1. A church term
anciently applied to persons who had received baptism.
2. The name of a sect of heretics, who spmng up in Spain
about the year 1575. 3. The name given to certain asso-
ciations of men in modern Europe, who combined to
overthrow the existing religious institutions. Robison.
IL-Lu'MI-NISM, 71. The principles of the llluminati.
IL-Lu'MI-NiZE, V. t. To initiate into the doctrines or
principles of the llluminati. Am. Review.
IL-Lti'SION, 71. [Fr. illvsion.'] Deceptive appearance ;
false show, by which a person is or may be deceived, or
his expectations disappointed; mockery.
IL-LU'SIVE, a. Deceiving by false show ; deceitful. Thom-
son^
IL-Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. By means of a false show.
IL-Lu'SIVE-NESS, n. Deception ; false show.
IL-Lu'SO-RY, a. [Fr. illusoire.] Deceiving or tending to
deceive by false appearances ; fallacious.
IL-LUS'TRATE, v. t. [Fr. illustrer.'] 1. To make clear,
bright or luminous. 2. To brighten with honor ; to make
distinguished. 3. To brighten ; to make glorious, or to
display the glory of. 4. To explain or elucidate ; to make
clear, intelligible 'or obvious, what is dark or obscure.
IL-LUS'TRA-TED, -pp. 1. Made bright or glorious. 2. Ex-
plained ; elucidated ; made clear to the understand-
ing.
IL-LUS'TRA-TING, ppr. Making bright or glorious ; ren-
dering distinguished ; elucidating.
IL-LUS-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of rendering bright or
glorious. 2. Explanation ; elucidation.
IL-LUS'TRA-TiVE, a. 1. Having the quality of elucida-
ting and making clear what is obscure. 2. Having the
quality of rendering glorious, or of displaying glory.
IL-LUS'TRA-TlVE-LY, adv. By way of illustration or
elucidation. Brown.
IL-LUS'TRA-TOR, n. One who illustrates or makes clear.
IL-LUS'TRI-OUS, a. [Fr. illustre.] 1. Conspicuous ; dis-
tinguished by the reputation of greatness ; renowned ;
eminent. 2. Conspicuous; renowned; conferring honor.
3. Glorious. 4. A title of honor.
IL-LUS'TRI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Conspicuously ; nobly; em-
inently ; with dignity or distinction. 2. Gloriously ; in a
way to manifest glory,
IL-LUS'TRI-OUS-NESS, n. Eminence of character ; great -
ness ; svandeur ; glory.
IL-LUX-'-O'RI-OUS, a. Not luxurious. Drury.
ILL-WILL', 71. Enmity; malevolence.
ILL-WILL'ER, 11. One who wishes ill to another.
[L'LY, adv. A word sometimes used by American writers,
impropeily, for ill.
I'M, contracted from / c?n.
IM, in composition, is usually the representative of the Latin
in ; n being changed to ?«, for the sake of easy utterance,
before a labial, as in imbibe, immense, impartial.
IM'AGE, n. [Fr. image ,• L. imago.] I. A representation
or similitude of any person or thin-g, formed of a material
substance. 2. A statue. 3. An idol ; the representation
of any person or thing, that is an object of wor«hip. 4.
The likeness of anything on canvas; a pictuie ; a re-
semblance painted. 5. Any copy, representation or like-
ness. 6. Semblance; show; appearance. 7. Ani.*ea; a
representation of any thing to the mind ; a conception ; a
picture drawn by fancy. — 8. In rhetoric, a lively descrip-
tion of any thing in discouree, which presents a kind of
picture to the mind. — 9. In optics, the figure of any object,
made by rays of light proceeding from the several points
of it.
IM'AGE, V. t. To imagine ; to copy by the imagination ; to
form a likeness in the mind.
!M'A6E-RY, (im'aj-ry) n. I. Sensible representations,
pictures, statues. 2. Show ; appearance. 3. Forms of
the fancy ; false ideas ; imaginary phantasms. 4. Rep-
resentations in writing or speaking ; lively descriptions
which impress the images of things on the mind ; figures
in discourse. 5. Form ; make.
IM'AGE-WoR'SHIP, n. The worship of images ; idolatry.
IM-A6'I-NA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be imagined or con-
ceived.
t IM-AG'I-NANT, a. Imagining ; conceiving. Bacon.
\ IM-AG'I-NANT, n. One who is prone to form strange
ideas.
IM-AG'I-NA-RY, a. Existing only in imagination or fancy ,
visionary ^ fancied ; not real. Addison.
IM-AG-I-Na'TION, n. [L. iviaginatio.] 1. The power or
faculty of the mind by which it conceives and forms idess
of things communicated to it by the organs of sense. 2.
Conception ; image in the mind ; idea. 3. Contrivance ;
scheme formed in the mind ; device. 4. Conceit ; an un-
solid or fanciful opinion. 5. First motion or purpose of
the mind.
IM-AG'I-NA-TlVE, a. [Fr. imaginatif.] 1. That forms
imaginations. 2. Full of imaginations ; fantastic.
IM-AG'iNE, v. t. [Fr. imaginer.] I. To form a notion or
idea in the mind ; to fancy. 2. To form ideas or repre-
sentations in the mind, by modifying and combining our
conceptions. 3. To contrive in purpose ; to scheme ; to
devise.
IM-A6'iNE, V. i. To conceive ; to have a notion or idea.
IM-A6'lNED, pp. Formed in the mind ; fancied ; con-
trived.
IM-A6'IN-ER, n. One who forms ideas ; one who con-
trives. Bacon.
IM-AG'IN-ING, ppr. Forming ideas in tlie mind ; devis-
ing.
IM'AM, \ n. A minister or priest among the Mohamme-
IM'AN, i dans.
IM-BALM'. See Embalm.
IM-BAN', v. t. To excommunicate, in a civil sense ; to cut
off from the rights of man. [Mot well authorized.] J.
Barlow.
IM-BAND'j V. t. To form into a band or bands. J. Barloro.
IM-BAND'ED, pp. Formed into a band or bands.
IM-BANK', V. t. To inclose with a bank; to defend by
banks, mounds or dikes.
IM-BANK'ED, (^im-bankf) pp. Inclosed or defended with
a bank.
IM-BANK'ING, ppr. Inclosing or surrounding with a
bank.
IM-BANK 'MENT, n. 1. The act of surrounding or defend-
ing with a bank. 2. Inclosure by a bank ; the banks or
mounds of earth that are raised to defend a place.
IM-BaR'GO. See Embargo.
IM-BaRK'. See Embark.
t IM-BaRN','?j. t. To deposit in a barn. Herbert.
IM-BaSE'. See Embase.
IM-BAS'TAR-DiZE, v. t. To bastardize, which see.
IM-BaTHE', v. t. To bathe all over. Milton.
IM-BeAD', v. t. To fasten with a bead. J. Barlow.
IM-BeAD'ED, pp. Fastened with a bead.
* IM'BE-CiLE, (im'be-sil) a. [L. imbecillis ; Fr. imbecile.]
Weak ; feeble ; destitute of strength, either of body or of
mind ; impotent. Barrow.
t IM'BE-CILE, V. t. To weaken. Bp. Taylor.
j IM-BE-CIL'I-TAl'E, v. t. To weaken ; to render feeble
A. Wilson.
IM-BE-CIL'I-TY, 71. {l,.imbecillitas.] I. Want of strength;
weakness ; feebleness of body or of mind. 2. Impotence
of males ; inability to procreate children.
IMBED', V. t. To sink or lay in a bed ; to place in a mass
of earth, sand or other substance.
IM-BED'DED, pp. Laid or inclosed, as in a bed or mass of
surrounding matter.
IM-BED'DING, ppr. Laying, as in a bed.
IM-BEL'LI€, a. Not warlike or martial. Junius.
IM-BENCH'ING, n. A raised work like a bench.
See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJU , UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obssriete
1MB
430
IMM
IM-BlBE', V. t. [L. imbibo.'] 1. To drink in ; to absorb. 2.
To receive or admit into the mind, and retain. 3. To
imbue. JsTewton.
IM-BlB'IlD, (im-bibd') pp. Drank in, as a fluid ; absorbed ;
rec<^iv^ d into the mind, and retained.
IM-BlB'ER, 71. He or that which unbibes.
IM-BiB'ING, ppr. Drinking in 3 absorbing ; receiving and
retaining.
IM-BI-BI"TION, n. The act of imbibing. Bacon.
IM-BIT'TER, V. t. 1. To make bitter. 2. To make un-
happy or grievous j to render distressing. 3. To exas-
perate ; to make more severe, poignant or pai^iful. 4. To
exasperate ; to render more violent or malignant.
TM-BIT'TER'ED, pp. Made imhappy or painful j exaspe-
rated.
IM-BITTER-ER, n That which makes bitter. Johnson.
IM-BIT'TER-ING, ppr. Rendering uniiappy or distressing ;
exasperating.
IM-BOD'IED, pp. Formed into a body.
IM-BOD'Y, V. t. 1. To form into a body ; tu invest with
matter; to make corporeal. 2. To form into a body, col-
lection or system. 3. To brmg into a band, company,
regiment, brigade, army, or other regular assemblage ; to
collect.
IM-BOD'Y, V. i. To unite in a body, mass or collection ; to
coalesce. Milton.
IM-BOD'Y-ING, pjn-. 1. Forming into a body ; investing
with a corporeal body. 2. Collecting cind uniting in a
body.
IM-BOIL', V. i. To effervesce. Spenser.
IM-BoLD'EN, (un-b5l'dn) v. t. To encourage ; to give
confidence to. Shak.
IM-BoLD'EN, pp. Encouraged ; having received confi-
dence.
IM-BoLD'EN-ING, ppr. Encouraging ; giving confidence.
t IM-BON'I-TY, 71. [L. in and lonitas.] Want of goodness.
Burton.
IM-BORD'ER, V. t. 1. To furnish or inclose with a border;
to adorn with a border. 2. To terminate ; to bound.
IM-BORD'ERED, pp. Furnished, inclosed or adorned with
a border; bounded.
IM-BORD'ER-ING, ppr. Furnishing, inclosing or adorning
with a border ; bounding.
IM-BOSK', V. t. [It. imboscare.] To conceal, as in bushes ;
to hide. Milton.
IM-BOSK', V. i. To lie concealed. Milton.
1M-B6'S0M, v. t. 1. To hold in the bosom ; to cover fondly
with the folds of one's garment. 2. To hold in nearness
or intimacy. 3. To admit to the heart or affection ; to
caress. 4. To inclose in the midst ; to surround. 5. To
inclose in the midst ; to cover.
IM-BO'SOMED, pp. Held in the bosom or to the breast ;
caressed ; surrounded in the midst ; inclosed ; covered.
IM-B5'S0M-ING, ppr. Holding in the bosom ; caressing ;
holding to the breast ; inclosing or covering in tlie midst.
IM-BOUND', V. t. To inclose in limits ; to shut in. \_Little
used 'I Shak.
IM-BoW', V. t. 1. To arch ; to vault, 2. To make of a
circular form. Bacon.
IM-BoWED', (im-b5de') pp. Arched; vaulted; made of a
circular form.
IM-BOW'ER, V. t. To cover with a bower ; to shelter with
trees. Thomson.
IM-BOW'ERED, pp. Covered with a bower; sheltered
with trees.
IM-BO W'ER-ING, j;^r. Covering with a bower or with trees.
IM-BoW'I]MG, ppr. Arching ; vaulting ; making of a cir-
cular form.
IM-BoW'MENT, n. An arch ; a vault. Bacon.
IM-BOX', V. t. To inclose in a box.
IM-BRAN'GLE, v.t. To entangle. Hudibras.
IM-BREED', n. t. To generate within.
IM'BRI-CATE, ) a. [L. imlricatus .'] 1, Bent and hol-
IM'BRI-€A-TED, \ lowed like a roof or gutter tile.— 2.
In botany, lying over each other, like tiles on a roof.
IM-BRI-€X'TION, n. A concave indenture, like that of
tiles ; tiling. Derham.
IM-BROWN', v.t. li To make brown ; to darken ; to ob-
scure. 2. To darken the color of; to make dirty. 3. To
tan ; to darken the complexion.
IM-BROWN'ED, (im-brownd') pp. Made brown ; dai-ken-
ed ; tanned.
lM-BROWN'ING,272)r. Rendering brown ; darkening ; tan-
ning.
IM-BRtfE", (im-bru') v. t. [Gr. £p[ip£X(^.'] 1. To wet or
moisten ; to soak ; to drench in a fluid, chiefly in blood.
2. Topour out liquor ; [obs.]
IM-BRU'ED, (im-brude') pp. Wet ; moistened ; drenched.
IM-BRU'ING, ppr. Wetting; moistening; dreiicuing.
IM-BRdTE', v. t. To degrade to the state of a brute ; to
reduce to brutality.
IM-BRtJTE', V. i. To sink to the state of a brute.
IM-BRCT^ED, pp. Degraded to brutishness.
IM-PRrT'ING, ppr. Reducing to brutishness.
IM-BuE', (im-bu') v. t. [L. imbuo.] ]. To tinge deeply; to
dye^ 2. To tincture deeply ; to cause to imbibe.
IM-Bu'ED, (im-biide') ^^. Tinged; dyed; tinctured.
IM-Bu'ING, ppr. Tinging ; dyeing ; tincturing deeply.
IM-BURSE', V. t. [Fr. bourse.] To stock with money
IME, n. Rime. Craven dialect.
IM-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being imitable.
IM'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. imitabilis.] 1. That may be imi-
tated or copied. 2. Worthy of imitation.
IM'I-TATE, V. t. [Fr. imiter.} 1. To follow in manners ;
to copy in form, color or quality. 2. To attempt or en-
deavor to copy or resemble. 3. To counterfeit. 4. To
pursue the course of a composition, so as to use like im-
ages and examples.
IM'I-TA-TED, pp. Followed ; copied.
IM'I-TA-TING, ppr. Following in manner ; copying.
IM-I-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. imitatio.] 1. The act of follow-
ing in manner, or of copying in form ; the act of making
the similitude of any thing, or of attempting a resem-
blance. 2. That which is made or produced as a copy ;
likeness; resemblance. 3. A method of translating, in
which modern examples and illustrations are used for
ancient, or domestic for foreign.
IM'I-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Inchned to follow in manner. 2.
Auning at resemblance ; that is used in the business of
forming resemblances. 3. Formed after a model, pattern
or original.
IM'I-TA-TOR, 71. 1. One that follows in manner or deport-
ment. 2. One th^i copies, or attempts to make the re-
seuiblance of anv thing.
IM-I-Ta'TOR-SH'IP, 7). The office or state of an imitator.
IM-MACU-LATE, a. ['L.i7nmaculatus.] 1. Spotless; pure;
unstained ; undefiled ; without blemish. 2. Pure ; lim-
pid ; not tinged with impure matter.
IM-MAC'U-LATE-LY, adv. With spotless purity.
IM-MA€'U-LATE-NE?S, n. Spotless puritju
IM-MaIL'ED, (im-maild') a. Wearing mail or armor.
IM-MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. Not malleable; that cannot be
extended by hammering. Med. Repos.
IM-MAN'A-€LE, v.t. To put manacles on; to fetter or
confine ; to restrain from free action.
IM-MAN'A-€LED, pp. Fettered ; confined.
IM-MAN'A-€LING, ppr. Fettering ; confining.
IM-MaNE', a. [L. immanis.] Vast; huge; very great.
IM-MaNE'LY, adv. Monstrously ; cruelly. Milton.
IM'MA-NEN-CY, 71. Internal dwelling. Pearson.
IM'MA-NEKT", a. Inherent: intrinsic; internal.
t IM-MAN'I-FEST, a. Not manifest ; not plain.
IM-MAN'I-TY, 71. [L. immanitas.] Barbarity ; savageness.
Shak.
IM-MAR-CES'SI-BLE, a. [L. in and marcesco.'] Unfading
IM-MAR'TIAL, a. Not martial ; not wariike.
IM-MASK', v. t. To cover, as with a mask.
IM-MASK'ED, (im-maskt) ) pp. Covered ; masked.
IM-MASK'ING, ppr. Covering ; disguising.
IM-MATCH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be matched; peer-
less.
IM-MA-Tk'RI-AL, a. [Fr. immateriel.] 1. Incorporeal; not
material ; not consisting of matter. 2. Unimportant ;
without weight ; not material ; of no essential conse-
quence. Melmoth. .
IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-ISM, 71. The doctrine of the existence
or state of immaterial substances or spiritual beings.
IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-IST, n. One who professes immaterial-
ity. Swift.
IM-MA-TE-RI-AL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being immate-
rial, or n_ot consisting of matter ; destitution of matter.
IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-iZED, a. Rendered or made immate-
rial. Olanville.
IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner not depending
on matter. 2. In a manner unimportant.
IM-MA-Te'RI-AL-NESS, n. The state of being unmaterial ,
immateriality.
IM-]\IA-Te'RI-ATE, a. Not consisting of matter ; incorpo-
real ; immaterial ; [little used.] Bacon.
IM-MA-TuRE', a. [L. immaturus.] 1. Not mature or ripe ;
unripe ; that has not arrived to a perfect state. 2. Not
perfect ; not brought to a complete state. 3. Hasty ; too
early ; that comes'before the natural time.
IM-MA-TuRE'LY, adv. Too soon ; before ripeness or com-
pletion ; before the natural time.
IM-MA-TuRE'NESS, \ n. Unripeness ; incompleteness ;
IM-MA-TtJ'RI-TY, \ the state of a thing which has
not arrived to perfection.
IM-ME-A-BIL I-TY, n. Want of power to pass.
IM-MEAS'U-RA-BLE, (un-mezh'u-ra-bl) a. That cannot
be measured ; immense ; indefinitely extensive.
IM-MEAS'U-RA-BLY, adv. To an extent not to be measur-
ed ; immensely ; beyond all measure. Milton.
IM-MEAS'URED, a. Exceeding common measure.
IM-ME-CHAN'I-eAL, a. Not consonant to the laws of me-
chanics. Cheyne. _
* IM-Me'DI-A-CY, 71. Power of acting without depend-
ence. Shak.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT, -PREY;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete
IMM
431
IMM
* IM-Mk'DI-ATE, a [Fr. immediat.] 1. Proximate ; acting
without a medium., or without the intervention of another
cause or means ; producing its effect by its own direct
agency. 2. Not acting by second causes. 3. Instant j
present ; without the intervention of time.
* IM-Me'DI-ATE-LY, adv. 1. Without the intervention of
any other cause or event. 2. Instantly ; at the present
time ;_without delay, or the intervention of time.
* IM-Me'DI-ATE-NESS, n. I. Presence with regard to time.
2. Exemption from second or intervening causes.
.M-MED'I-€A-BLE, a. [L. immedicabilis.] Not to be heal-
ed ; incurable. Milton.
IM-ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Not melodious. Drummond.
IM-MEM'O-RA-BLE, a. TL. immemoraldlis.] Not to be re-
membered ; not worth remembering.
IM-ME-MQ'RI-AL, a. [Fr.] Beyond memory ; an epithet
given to time or duration, &.c., whose beginning is not re-
membered.
IM-ME-Mo'BI-AL-LY, ado. Beyond memory. Bentley.
IM-MENSE', (im-mens ) a. [Fr. ; L. iynmensus.] 1. Unlim-
ited ; unbounded ; infinite. 2. Vast in extent ; very great.
3. Huge in bulk ; very large.
IM-MENSE'LY, adv. 1. Infinitely ; without limits or meas-
ure. 2. Vastly ; very greatly.
IM-MENSE'NESS, n. Unbounded greatness. More.
IM-MENS'I-TY, n. 1. Unlimited extension ; an extent not
to be measured ; infinity. 2. Vastness in extent or bulk ;
greatness.
IM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being ca-
pable of measure ; impossibility to be measured,
IM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [L. in and mensurabilis.] Not to
be measured ; immeasurable.
IM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. Unmeasured. TV. Mountagu.
IM-MER6E', (im-merj') v.t. [L.immergo.'] 1. To plunge
into or under a fluid. 2. v. i. To enter the light of the
sun, as a star, or the shadow of the earth, as tne moon.
tIM-MER'IT, 71. Want of worth.
t IM-MER'IT-ED, a. Unmerited.
tIM-MER'IT-OUS, a. Undeserving.
IM-MERSE', (im-mers') v. t. [L. immersiis.] 1. To put un-
der water or other fluid ; to plunge ; to dip. 2. To sink
or cover deep ; to cover wholly. 3. To plunge ; to over-
whelm ; to involve ; to engage deeply.
t IM-MERSE', a. Buried ; covered ; sunk deep. Bacon.
IM-MERS'ED, (im-mersf) pp. Put into a fluid ; plunged ;
deeply engaged ; enveloped.
IM-MEES'ING, ppr. Plunging into a fluid : dipping ; over-
whelming ; deeply engaging.
IM-MER'SION, n. I. The act of putting into a fluid below
the surface ; the act of plunging into a fluid till covered.
2. The state of sinking into a fluid. 3. The state of being
overw^iShned or deeply engaged. — 4. In nstronoiny, the
act of entering into the light of the sun, or into the shadow
of the earth.
IM-MESH',7j.t. To entangle in the meshes of a net.
IM-MESH'ED, (im-meshf) pp. Entangled in meshes or webs.
IM-MESH'ING, ppr. Entangling in meshes or webs.
t IM-METH'OD-ED, a. Not having method ; without regu-
larity .
IM-ME-THOD'I-€AL, a. Having no method ; without sys-
tematic arrangement ; without order or regularity ; con-
fused.
IM-ME-THOD'I-€AL-LY, adv. Without order or regulari-
ty ; irregularly.
JM-ME-THOD'I-€AL-NESS, n. Want of method.
IM'MI-GRANT, n. A person that removes into a country
for the purpose of permanent residence.
IM'MI-GRATE, v. i. [L. immigro.] To remove into a coun-
try for the purpose of permanent residence. Belknap.
IM-MI-GRa'TION, n. The passing or removing into a
country for the purpose of permanent residence.
IM'MI-NENCE, n. [L. imminentia.] Properly, a hanging
over, but used by Shakspeare for impending evil or dan-
ger. [Little vsed.]
IIVWMI-NENT, a. [L. imminens.'\ Literally, shooting over ;
hence, hanging over ; impending ; threatening ; near j ap-
pearing as if about to fall on ; used of evils.
IM-MIN'GLE, V. t. To mingle ; to mix ; to unite with.
IM-MIN'GLED, p;7. Mixed ; mingled.
IM-MIN'GLING, Z7f>r. Mixing; mingling.
IM-MI-Nu'TION, n. [L. imminutio.] A lessening ; dimi-
nution ; decrease.
IM-MIS-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. immisceo.] Incapacity of be-
ing mixed.
IM-MISCI-BLE, a. Not capable of being mixed.
IM-MIS'SION, 71. [Tu. tmmissio.] The act of sending or thrust-
ing in ; injection.
IM-MIT', V. t. [L. immitto.'] To send in ; to inject.
IM-MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. That cannot be mitigated.
IM-MIX', V. t. To mix ; to mingle.
IM-MIX'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being mixed.
IM-MTXT'f ' i "■ Unmixed. Herbert.
IM-MO-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. immobilite.] Unmovablenesg ;
fixedness in place or state ; resistance to motion, .^rbuth-
not.
IM-MOD'ER-A-CY, n. Excess. Brown.
IM-MOD'ER-ATE, a. [L. immoderatus.] Exceeding just or
usual bounds ; not confined to suitable limits ; excessive ;
extravagant ; unreasonable.
IM-MOD'ER-ATE-LY, adv. Excessively ; to an undue de-
gree ; unreasonably.
IM-MOD'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Excess ; extravagance. •
IM-MOD-ER-A'TION, n. Excess; want of moderation.
IM-MOD'EST, a. [Fr. immodeste.] 1. Immoderate ; exor-
bitant ; unreasonable ; arrogant. 2. Wanting in the re-
serve or restraint which decency requires ; wanting in de-
cency and delicacy. 3. Wanting in chestity ; unchaste ;
lewd. 4. Impure ; indelicate. 5. Obscene.
IM-MOD'EST-LY, adv. Without due reserve ; indecently ;
unchastely ; obscenely.
IM-MOD'EST-Y, n. [L. immodestia.] 1. Want of mod -sty ;
indecency ; unchastity. 2. Want of delicacy or decent
rGS6rvG«
IM'MQ-LATE, v. t. [Fr. immoler.] 1. To sacrifice ; to kUl, ,
as a victim offered in sacrifice. 2. To offer in sacrifice.
IM'MO-LA-TED, pp. Sacrificed ; offered in sacrifice.
IM'MO-LA-TING, ppr. Sacrificing ; offering, as a victim.
IM-MO-La'TION, n. 1. The act of sacrificing. Brown. 2.
A sacrifice offered.
IM'MO-LA-TOR, n. One who offers in sacrifice.
IM-MoLD', V. t. To form ; to mold. Q. Fletcher. V
IM-MO'MENT, a. Trifling. [JVoJ English.] Shak.
IM-MO-MENT'OUS, a. Unimportant. Seward.
IM-MOR'AL, a. 1. Inconsistent with moral rectitude ; con-
trary to the moral or divine law ; wicked ; unjust ; dis-
honest ; vicious. 2. Wicked or unjust in practice ; vi-
cious ; dishonest.
IM-MO-RAL'I-TY, n. Any act or practice which contra-
venes the divine commands or the social duties.
IM-MOR'AL-LY, adv. Wickedly ; viciously ; in violatioi.
of law or duty.
IM-MO-RIG'ER-OUS, a. [Low L. immoriger.] Rnde ; un •
civil. Stackhouse.
IM-M0-RI6'ER-0US-NESS, n. Rudeness; disobedience
JBp. Taylor.
IM-MOR'TAL, a. [L. immortalis.] 1. Having no principle
of alteration or corruption ; exempt from death ; having
life or being that shall never end. 2. Never-ending ; ev-
erlasting ; continual. 3. Perpetual ; having unlimited ex-
istence. 4. Destined to live in all the ages of this world ,
imperishable.
IM-MOR-TAL'I-TY, n. ]. The quality of never ceasing to
live or exist ; exemption from death and annihilation ;
life destined to endure without end. 2. Exemption from
oblivion. 3. Perpetuity ; existence not limited.
IM-MOR-TAL-J-Za'TION, n. The act of immortalizing.
IM-MOR'TAL-IZE, v. t. [Fr. immortaliser.] 1. To render
immortal ; to make perpetual ; to cause to live or exist
while the world shall endure. 2. To exempt from oblivi-
on ; to make perpetual .
t IM-MOR'TAL-iZE, v. i. To become immortal. Pope.
IM-MOR'TAL-lZED, pp. Rendered immortal or perpetual.
IM-MOR'TAL-iZ-ING,pjjr. Making immortal.
IM-MOR'TAL-LY, adv. With endless existence ; with ex-
emption from death.
IM-M0R-TI-FI-€a'TI0N, n. Want of subjection of the
passions. Bp. Taiilor.
IM-M5V-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Steadfastness that cannot be mov-
ed or shaken.
IM-M5V'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be moved from its
place. 2. Not to be moved from a purpose ; steadfast ;
fixed ; that cannot be induced to change or alter. ?
That cannot be altered or shaken ; unalterable ; un-
changeable. 4. That cannot be affectea or moved ; not
impressible ; not susceptible "of compassion or tender feel-
ings ; unfeeling. 5. Fixed ; not liable to be removed ;
permanent in place. 6. Not to be shaken or agitated.
IM-MdV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being immovable.
IM-MOV'A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be moved from
its place or purpose ; or in a manner not to be shaken ;
unalterably ; unchangeably.
IM-MUND', a. [L. immundus.] Unclean.
IM-MUN-DTC'I-TY, n. Uncleanness. Mountagu.
IM-Mu'NI-TY, n. [Fr. immunity.'] 1 Freedom or exemp-
tion from obligation. 2. Exemption from any charge, du-
ty, office, tax or imposition ; a particular privilege. 3.
Freedom.
IM-MtJRE', V. t. [Norm, emmurrer.l 1. To inclose with-
in walls ; to shut up ; to confine. 2. To wall ; to sur
round with walls. 3. To imprison.
t IM-MtJRE', n. A wall. Shak.
IM-MuR'ED, (im-murd') pp. Confined within walls.
IM-Mu'SI-€AL, a. Not musical ; inharmonious ; not ac
cordant ; harsh. Bacon.
IM-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. immutabilite.'] Unchangea
bleness ; the quality that renders change or alteration im-
possible ; invariableness.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete.
IMP
432
IMP
IM-Mu'TA-BLE, a. [h. immutdbilis.] Unchangeable ; in-
variable ; unalterable ; not capable or susceptible of
change.
IM-Md'TA-BLE-NESS, 71. Unchaageableness ; immutabU-
ity.
IM-MCTA-BLY, adv. Unchangeably ; unalterably ; invari-
ably ; in a manner that admits of no change.
IM-Mu'TATE, a. [L. immutatua.] Unchanged.
IM-MU-Ta'TION, n, [L. immutatio.] Change ; alteration.
IM-MvTRi,v.t.[li.im7auto.] To change; to alter. Salkeld.
IMP, n, [W. imp.] 1. A son ; offspring ; progeny. 2. A
subaltern or puny devil. Milton.
IMP, V. t. [W. impiaw.] 1. To graft. Chaucer. 2. To
lengthen ; to extend or enlarge by something inserted or
added.
IM-Pa'CA-BLE, a. Not to be appeased or quieted.
IM-PA€T', V. t. [L. impactus.] To drive close ; to press or
drive firmly together. Woodward.
IM'PA€T, n. Touch; impression. Darwin.
IM-PA€T'ED, pp. Driven hard ; made close by driving.
TM-PaINT', v. t. To paint ; to adorn with colors.
IM-PAIR', V. t. [Fr. empirer.] 1. To make worse ; to di-
minish in quantity, value or excellence. 2. To weaken ;
to enfeeble.-
IM-PAIR', V. i. To be lessened or worn out. [Little used.']
IM'PAIR, a. [L. impar.] In crystal ography, when a dif-
ferent number of faces is presented by the prism, and by
each summit ; but the three numbers follow no law of
t IM-PAIR', or IM-PAIR'MENT, ?i. Diminution ; decrease ;
injury. Brown.
IM-PAIR'ED, (im-paird') p;). Diminished; injured; weak-
ened.
IM-PAIR'ER, n. He or that which impairs.
IM-PAIR'ING, ppr. Making worse ; lessening ; injuring ;
enfeebling.
IM-PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. Unpalatable. [Little used.]
IM-PaLE', v. t. [L. in and palus.] 1. To fix on a stake ; to
put to death by fixing on an upright, sharp stake. [See
Empale, j 2. To inclose with stakes, posts or palisades.
—3. In heraldry, to join two coats of arms pale-wise.
t IM-PAL'LID, v. t. To make pallid or pale. Feltham.
IM-PALM', (im-pam') v. t. [L. in and palma.] To grasp ; to
take in the hand.
IM-PAL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being palpa-
ble, or perceptible by the touch. Jortin.
IM-PAL'PA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1 . Not to be felt ; that cannot
be perceived by the touch. 2. Not coarse or gross.
IM-PAL'SY, v. t. To strike w:th palsy ; to paralize ; to
deaden.
IM'PA-NATE, a. [L. in and panis.] Imbodied in bread.
Cranmer.
:.M'PA-NATE, v. t. To imbody with bread. Waterland.
1M-PA-Na'TION, 72, The supposed substantial presence of
the body and blood of Christ, with the substance of the
bread and wine, after consecration, in the eucharist; a
tenet of the Lutheran church.
IM-PAN'NEL, v. t. To write or enter the names of a jury
in a list or on a piece of parchment, called a,pannel; to
form, complete or enroll a list of jurors.
JM-PAN'NELED, pp. Having the names entered in a pan-
nel ; formed, as a jury.
IM-PAN'NEL-ING, ppr. Writing the names on a pannel ;
forming, asa jury.
IM-PAR'A-DiSE, v. t. [Jt. imparadisare.] To put in a place
of felicity ; to make happy.
IM-PAR'A-DiSED, pp. Placed in a condition resembling
that of paradise ; made happy-
IM-PAR'A-DI-SING, ppr. Making very happy.
t IM-PAR'AL-LELED, a. Unparalleled. Burnet.
IM-PAR-A-SYL-LAB'IC, a. [L. in, par, and syllaia.] Not
consisting of an equal number of syllables.
IM-PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. Unpardonable. South.
IM-PAR'I-TY, 71. 1. Inequality ; disproportion. 2, Odd-
ness ; indivisibility into equal parts. 3. Difference of de-
gree, rank or excellence.
IM-PARK', V. t. To inclose for a park ; to make a park by
inclosure ; to sever from a common.
IM-PaRL', v.i. [Norm, empeiler.] To hold mutual dis-
course ; appropriately, in laio, to have license to settle a
lawsuit amicably ; to have delay for mutual adjustment.
: M-PaR'LANCE, 71. 1. Properly, leave for mutual dis-
course ; appropriately, in laio, the license or privilege of a
defendant to have delay of trial, to see if lie can settle the
matter amicably 2. The continuance of a cause till an-
other day,.
IM-PAR-SON-EE', a. A parson impar sonee is a parson pre-
sented, instituted and inducted into a rectory.
iM-PART', V. t. [L. impertior.] 1. To give, grant or com-
municate ; to bestow on another a share or portion of
something. 2. To grant ; to give ; to confer. 3. To com-
municate the knowledge of something ; to make known ;
to show by words or tokens.
IM-P'n.RT'ANCE, 71. Commimication of a share ; grant.
IM-PAR-Ta'TION, n. The act of imparting or conferring.
IM-PART'ED, pp. Communicated ; granted ; conferred.
IM-PAR'TIAL, a. 1. Not partial ; not biased in favor of one
party more than another ; indifferent ; unprejudiced ; dis-
interested. 2. Not favoring one party more than another ;
equitable ; just.
IM-PAR'TIAL-IST, 71. One who is impartial.
IM-PAR-TIAL'I-TY, (im-par-shal'e-ty) n. 1. Indifference of
opinion or judgment ; freedom from bias in favor of one
side or party more than another ; disinterestedness. . 2.
Equitableness ; justice.
IM-PAR'TIAL-LY, adv. Without bias of judgment ; with-
out prejudice ; equitably ; justly.
IM-PAR-TI-BIL'I-TY, 71. I. The quality of not being sub-
ject to partition. 2. The quality of being capable of being
communicated.
IM-PART'I-BLE, a. [Sp. impartible.] 1. Not partible or
subject to partition. 2. [from impart.] That may be ini
parted, conferred, bestowed or communicated.
IM-PART'ING, ppr. Communicating; granting; bestow-
ing.
IM-PART'MENT, n. The act of imparting ; the communi-
cation of knowledge ; disclosure. Shak.
IM-PASS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be passed ; not admitting
a passage. Milton.
IM-PASS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being impassable.
IM-PASS'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that prevents
passing, or the power of passing.
IM-PAS-SI-BIL'I-TY, or IM-PAS'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Exemp-
tion from pain or suffering ; insusceptibility of injury from
external things.
IM-PAS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. impassible.] Incapable of pain, pas-
sion or suffering ; that cannot be aifected with pain or un-
IM-PAS'SION, V. t. To move or affect strongly with pas-
sion.
IM-PAS'SION-ATE, v. t. To affect powerfully.
IM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. 1. Strongly affected. 2. Without
passion or feeling. Burton.
IM-PAS'SIONED, a. 1. Actuated or agitated by passion. 2.
Animated ; excited ; having the feelings warmed. 3. An-
imated ; expressive of passion or ardor.
IM-PAS'SIVE, a. [L. in and passus.] Not susceptible of
pain or suffering. Dryden.
IM-PASiSIVE-LY, adv. Without sensibility to pain.
IM-PAS'SIVE-NESS, n. The state of being insusceptible of
pain. Mountaffu.
IM-PAS-SIV'I-TY, n. The quality of being insusceptible of
feeling, pain or suffering.
IM-PAS-Ta'TION, n. The mixtion of various materials of
different colors and consistences.
IM-PaSTE', v. t. [Fr. empciter.] 1. To knead ; to make into
paste. — 2. In painting, to lay on colors thick and bold.
IM-PaST'ED, a. 1. Concreted, as into paste. Shak. 2. Past-
ed over ; covered with paste, or with thick paint.
IM-PAT'I-BLE, a. [L. impatibilis .] Intolerable ; that can-
not be borne.
IM-Pa'TIENCE, (im-pa'shens) n. [Fr. ; L. impatientia. ■
Uneasiness under pain or suffering; the not enduring
pain with composure ; restlessness.
IM-Pa'TIENT, a. [L. impatiens.] I. Uneasy or fretful un-
der suffering ; not bearing pain with composure ; not en-
during evil without fretfulness, uneasiness, and a desire
or effort to get rid of the evil. 2. Not suffering quietly ;
not enduring. 3. Hasty ; eager ; not enduring delay. 4.
Not to be borne.
IM-Pa'TIENT, n. One who is restless under suffering.
IM-Pa'TIENT-LY, adv. 1. With uneasiness or restlessness.
2. With eager desire causing uneasiness. 3. Passionate-
ly ; ardently.
IM-PAT-RON-I-Za'TION, 71. Absolute seignory or posses-
sion. Cotgrave.
IM-PAT'RON-iZE, v. t. [Fr. impair oniser.] To gain to
one's self the power of any seignory.
IM-PAWN', v. t. To pawn ; to pledge ; to deposit as secu-
rityV
IM PeACH', v. t. [Fr. empScher.] 1. To hinder ; to impede
2. To accuse ; to charge with a crime or misdemeanor
3, To accuse ; to censure ; to call in question. 4. To call
to account ; to charge as answerable.
flM-PEACH', V. Hinderance.
IM-PeACH'A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to accusation ; chargeable
with a crime ; accusable'; eiensurable. 2. Liable to be
called in question ; accountable.
IM-PeACH'ED, (im-peechf) pp. Hindered ; [obs.] 9. Ac-
cused ; charged with a crime, misdemeanor or Vi^rong ;
censured.
IM-PeACH'ER, n. An accuser by authority ; one who calls
in qjiestion.
IM-PeACH'ING, ;>pr. 1. Hindering; [obs.] 2, Accusing
by authority : calling in question the rectitude of co:*duct.
IM-PeACH'MENT, n. 1. Hinderance ; impediment ; stop ;
obstruction ; [obs.] Shak. 2. An accusation or cliarge
brought against a public officer for maladministration in
* See Sy7iopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, ?, long.~Y-AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRi) ■,
t Obsolete..
IMP
433
IMP
hla office. 3. The act of impeaching. 4. Censure ; ac-
cusation ; a calling in question the purity of motives or
the rectitude of conduct, &c. 5. The act of calling to ac-
count, as for waste. 6. The state of being Uable to ac-
count, as for waste.
IM-PEARL', (im-perl ) v. t. 1. To form in the resemblance
of pearls. 2. To decorate with pearls, or with things re-
sembling pearls.
IM-PE€-€A-BIL'I-TY, or IM-PEe'CAN-CY, n. The qual-
ity of not being liable to sin j exemption from sin, error
or offense. Pope.
IM-PE€'€A-BLE, a. [Sp. impecable ; Ft. impeccable.] Not
liable to sin ; not subject to sin 5 exempt from the possibil-
ity of sinning.
IM-PeDE', v. t. [fep. impedir ; L. impedio.] To hinder ; to
stop^in progress ; to obstruct.
IM-PeD'ED, pp. Hindered ; stopped ; obstructed.
IM-PED'I-MENT, n. [L. impedimentum.] 1. That which
hinders progress or motion ; hinderance ; obstruction. 2.
That which prevents distinct articulation.
t IM-PED'I-MENT, v.t. To impede. Bp. Reynolds.
IM-PED-I-MENT'AL, a. Hindering ; obstructing.
(M-PeD'ING, ppr. Hindering ; stopping 3 obstructing.
i IM'PE-DITE, V. t. To impede. ,
IM-PED'I-TlVE, a. Causing hinderance. Sanderson.
IM-PEL', V. t. [Sp. impeler ; L. impello.] To drive or urge
forward ; to press on ; to excite to action.
IM-PELL'ED, (ira-pelld') pp. Driven forward ; urged on ;
moved by any force or power.
iM-PELL'ENT, n. A power or force that drives forward ;
impulsive power. Olanmlle.
IM-PELL'ER, Ji. He or that which impels,
fM-PELL'ING, ppr. Driving forward ; urging ; pressing.
IM-PEN', V. t. To pen ; to shut or inclose.
IM-PEND', V. i. [L. impendeo.] 1. To hang over ;■ to be
suspended above ; to threaten. 2. To be near ; to be ap-
proaching and ready to fall on.
tM-PEND'ENCE, ) n. The state of hanging over ; near ap-
/M-PEND'EN-CY, \ proach ; a menacing attitude.
IM-PEND'ENT, a. Hanging over 5 imminent ; threatening ;
pressing closely. Hale.
IM-PEND'ING, ppr. Hanging over; approaching near;
threatening.
IM-PEN-E-TRA-BIL'I-TY, 71. 1. The quaUty of being im-
penetrable.— 2. In philosophy, that quality of matter which
prevents two bodies from occupying the same space at
the same time. 3. Insusceptibility of intellectual im-
pression.
>M-PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. [L. impenetrabilis.] 1. That can-
not be penetrated or pierced ; not admitting the passage
of other bodies. 2. Not to be affected or moved ; not ad-
mitting impressions on the mind. 3. Not to be entered
by the sight. 4. Not to be entered and viewed by the eye
or the intellect.
iM-PEN'E-TRA-BLE-NESS, n. ImpenetrabUity, which
jM-PEN'E-TRA-BLY, adv. 1. With solidity that admits
not of being penetrated. 2. With hardness that admits
not of impression.
iM-PEN'I-TENCE, )n. [Fr. impenitence.] Want of peni-
[M-PEN'I-TEN-CY, ) tence or repentance ; absence of
contrition or sorrow for sin ; obduracy ; hardness of
heart.
IM-PEN'I-TENT, a. [Fr.] Not periitent ; not repenting of
sin ; not contrite ; obdurate ; of a hard heart.
IM-PEN'I-TENT, n. One who does not repent ; a hardened
sinner.
IM-PEN'I-TENT-LY, adv. Without repentance or con-
trition for sin ; obdurately.
IM-PEN'NOUS, a. Wanting wings.
1M-PeO'PLE, v. t. To form into a community. Beaumont.
I IM'PE-RATE, a. [L. imperatus.] Done by impulse or di-
rection of the mind. South.
IM-PER'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. imperatif ; L. imperativus.] 1.
Commanding ; expressive of command ; containing posi-
tive command. — ^2. In grammar, the imperative mode of
a verb is that which expresses command.
IM-PER'A-TIVE-LY, adv. With command; authorita-
tively.
t IM-PER-A-To'Rl-AL, a. Commanding. J\rorris.
IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be perceived ; not
to be known or discovered by the senses. 2. Very small ;
fine ; minute in dimensions ; or very slow in motion or
progress.
IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE, n. That which cannot be perceived
by the senses on account of its smallness. [Little used.]
IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being im-
perceptible. Hale.
IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be per-
ceived.
IM-PER-CIP'I-ENT, a. Not perceiving or having power to
perceive. Baxter.
IM-PER-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. State or quality of being ira-
perdible.
IM-PER'DI-BLE, a. Not destructible.
IM-PER'FE€T, a. [l.. imperfectus.] 1. Not finished ; not
complete. 2. Defective ; not entire, sound or whole ;
wanting a part ; impaired. 3. Not perfect m intellect ;
liable to err. 4. Not perfect in a moral view ; not accord-
ing to the laws of God, or the rules of right.— 5. In gram-
mar, the imperfect tense denotes an action in time past,
then present, but not finished. — 6. In music, incomplete ;
not having all the accessary sounds.
tIM-PER'FE€T, v. t. To make imperfect. Brown.
IM-PER-FE€'TION, n. [Fr., from L. imperfectio.] Defect ;
fault ; the want of a part or of something necessary to
complete a thing.
IM-PER'FE€T-LY, adv. In an imperfect manner or degree
not fully ; not entirely ; not completely.
IM-PER'FE€T-NESS, n. The state of being imperfect
IM-PER'FO-RA-BLE, a. That cannot be perforated.
IM-PER'FO-RATE, a. [L. in and perforatus.] Not perfo-
rated or pierced ; having no opening. Sharpe.
IM-PER'FO-RA-TED, a. 1. Not perforated. 2. Having no
pores.
IM-PER-FO-RA'TION, n. The state of being not perforated,
or without any aperture.
IM-PE'RI-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. imperialis.] 1. Pertaining to an
empire, or to an emperor. 2. Royal; belonging to a
monarch. 3. Pertaining to royalty ; denoting sovereign-
ty. 4. Commanding ; maintaining supremacy.— Imperial
chamber, the sovereign court of the German empire. — Im-
perial city, a city in Germany which has no head but the
emperor. — Imperial diet, an assembly of all the states of
the^erman empire.
IM-Pe'RI-AL-IST, n. One who belongs to an emperor ; a
subject or soldier of an emperor.
IM-PE-RI-AL'I-TY, n. 1. Imperial power. 2. The right
of an emperor to a share of the produce of mines, &c.
IM-PE'RI-AL-lZED, a. Belonging to an emperor. Fuller.
IM-Pe'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a royal manner.
IM-PER'IL, v.t. To bring into danger. Spenser.
IM-Pe'RI-OUS, a. [L. imperiosus.] 1. Commanding ; dic-
tatorial ; haughty ; arrogant ; overbearing ; domineering.
2. Commanding ; indicating an imperious temper ; au-
thoritative. 3. Powerful ; overbearing ; not to be opposed
by obstacles. 4. Commanding ; urgent ; pressing. 5
Authoritative ; commanding with rightful authority.
IM-Pe'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With arrogance of command ,
with a haughty air of authority ; in a domineering man-
ner^ 2. With urgency or force not to be opposed.
IM-Pe'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Authority ; air of command.
South. 2. Arrogance of command ; haughtiness.
IM-PER'ISH-A-BLE, a. [Fr. imperissable?] Not subject to
decay ; not liable to perish ; indestructible ; enduring
permanently.
IM-PER'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being imper-
ishable.
IM-PER'I-WIGGED, a. [Fr. emperruque.] Wearing a peri-
wig.
IM-PER'MA-NENCE, n. Want of permanence.
IM-PER'MA-NENT, a. Not permanent.
IM-PER-ME-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being imper-
meable by a fluid. Cavallo.
IM-PER'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. 171 and permeo.] Not to be
passed through the pores by a fluid.
IM-PER'SON-AL, a. [Fr. impersonncl.] In grammar, an
impersonal verb is one which is used only with the ter-
mination of the third person singular, with it for a nomina-
tive in English, and without a nominative in Latin ; as,
it rains.
IM-PER-SON-AL'I-TY, n. Indistinction of personality.
IM-PER'SON-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an impersonal
verb.
IM-PER'SON-ATE, v. t. To personify. Warton.
IM-PER'SON-A-TED, a. Made persons of. Warton,
IM-PER-SPI-€U'I-TY, n. Want of perspicuity, or clearnesB
to the mind .
IM-PER-SPI€'U-OUS, a. Not perspicuous ; not clear.
IM-PER-SUa'SI-BLE, a. ['L.im.n&persuasibilis.] Not to
be moved by persuasion ; not yielding to arguments.
IM-PER'TI-NENCE, ) n. [Fr. impertinence.] 1. That
IM-PER'TI-NEN-CY, j which is not pertinent ; that
which does not belong to the subject in hand ; that which
is of no weight. 2. The state of not being pertinent. 3.
Folly ; rambling thought. 4. Rudeness ; improper intru-
sion ; interference by word or conduct which is not con-
sistent with the age or station of the person. 5. A trifle j
a thing of little or no value.
IM-PER'TI-NENT, a. [L. impertinens.] 1. Not pertaining
to the matter in hand ; of no weight ; having no bearing
on the subject. Tillotson. 2. Rude ; intrusive ; meddling
with that which does not belong to the person 3. Trifling ;
foolish ; negligent of the present purpose.
IM-PER'TI-NENT, 71. An intruder ; a meddler ; one who
interferes in what does not belong to him.
IM-PER'TI-NENT-LY, adv. 1. Without relation to the
matter in hand. 2. Officiously ; intrusively ; rudely.
See &tinopins. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— €as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH } TH as in <Aw. t ObmiltiA
IMP
434
IMP
IM-PER-TRAN-SI-BIL'I-TY, ti. The quality of not being
capable of being passed through. Hale.
IM-PER-TRAN'SI-BLE, a. Not to be passed through.
IM-PER-TURB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be disturbed or
agitated ; permanently quiet. Encyc.
IM-PER-TUR-Ba'TION, 71. Freedom from agitation of
mind ; calmness. W. Mountague.
flM-PER-TURB'ED, (im-per-turbd') a. Undisturbed. Bai-
ley.
JM-PER'VI-OUS, a. [L. impervius .} 1. Not to be penetrated
or passed through ; impenetrable. 2. Not penetrable ; not
to be pierced by a pointed instrument. 3. Not penetrable
by light ; not permeable to fluids.
IM-PER'VI-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to prevent passage
or penetration,
IM-PER'VI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of not admitting a
passage.
t IM-PES'TER, V. t. [Yx.im-pestrer.'] To trouble j to harass.
Cotgrave.
IM-PE-TI6'IN-0US, a. [L. impetigo.] Resembling the
ring-worm or tetters : covered with scales or scabs ; scurfy.
IM'PE-TRA-BLE, a. That may be obtained by petition.
IM'PE-TRATE, v. t. [L. impetro.] To obtain by request or
entreaty. Usher.
IM-PE-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of obtaining by prayer or
petition.— 2. In law, the preobtaining of benefices from
the church of Rome, which belonged to the disposal of the
king and other lay patn^ns of the realm.
IM'PE-TRA-TlVE, a. (obtaining ; tending to obtain by en-
treaty. Bp. Hall.
IM'PE-TRA-TO-RY, a. Beseechmg; containing entreaty.
Taylor.
IM-PET-U-0S1-TY, n. 1. A rushing with violence and
great force ; fury 5 violence. 2. Vehemence ; furiousness
of temper.
IM-PET'U-OUS, a. [Ft. impetueux ; L. impetuosus.'j I.
Rushing with great force and violence ; moving rapidly ;
furious ; forcible ; fierce ; raging. 2. Vehement of mind ;
fierce ; hasty ; passionate ; violent.
IM-PET'U-OUS-LY, adv. ViolenUy 5 fiercely; forcibly;
with haste and force. Addison.
IM-PET'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. A driving or rushing with
haste and violence ; furiousness ; fury ; violence. 2.
Vehemence of temper ; violence.
IMPE-TUS, n. [L.] ]. Force of motion; the force with
which any body is driven or impelled. 2. The force
with which one body in motion strikes another.
IM-PI€'TURED, a. Painted ; impressed. Spenser.
IM'PIER. See Umpire.
* t IM-PIERCE', V. t. To pierce through; to penetrate.
Drayton.
* IM-PIERCE'A-BLE, (un-pers'a-bl,or un-peers'a-bl) a. Not
to be pierced or penetrated. Spenser.
IM-PI'E-TY, 71. [Fr. impiete ; L. impietas.] 1. Ungodliness ;
irreverence towards the Supreme Being ; contempt of the
divine character and authority ; neglect of the divine pre-
cepts. 2. Any act of wickedness, as blasphemy and
scoffing at the Supreme Being, or at his authority ; pro-
t IM-PIG'NO-RATE, v. t. To pledge or pawn.
t IM-PIG-NO-Ra'TION, 71. The act of pawning.
IM-PIN6E', (un-pinjO v. i. [L. impingo.] To fall against ;
to strike ; to dash against ; to clash upon.
IM-PIN6'ING, ppr. Striking agamst.
t IM-PIN'GUATE, V. t. To fatten ; to make fat.
IM'PI-OUS, a. [lu. iinpius.] 1. Irreverent towards the Su-
preme Being ; wanting in veneration for God and his au-
thority ; irreligious ; profane. 2. Irreverent towards God ;
proceeding from or manifesting a contempt for the Su-
preme Being ; tending to dishonor Gcd or his laws, and
bring them into contempt.
IM'PI-OUS-LY, adv. With irreverence for God, or contempt
for his authority ;. profanely ; wickedly.
IM'PI-OUS-NESS, n. Impiety ; contempt of God and his
laws.
IM-PLA-€A-BIL'I-TY,orIM-PLA'€A-BLE-NESS, n. The
quality of not being appeasable ; inexorableness ; irrecon-
cilable enmity or anger.
IM-PLa'€A-BLE, a. [Fr., from L. implacabilis.] 1. Not
to be appeased ; that cannot be pacified and rendered
peaceable ; inexorable ; stubborn or constant in enmity.
2. Not to be appeased or subdued.
IM-PLa'€A->BLY, adv. With enmity not to be pacified or
subdued; inexorably.
IM-PLANT', V. t. To set, plant or infix for the purpose of
growth.
IM-PLANT-a'TION, n. The act of setting or infixing in
the mind or heart, as principles.
IM-PLANT'ED, pp. Set ; infixed in the mind, as principles
or rudiments.
IM-PLANT'ING, ppr. Setting or infixing in the mind, as
principles.
IM-PLAUS-I-BIL'I-TY, n . The quality of not being plausi-
ble or specious.
IM-PLAUS'I-BLE, a. Not specious ; not wearing the ap-
pearance of truth or credibiUty, and not likely to be
believed.
IM-PLAUS'I-BLY, adv. Without an appearance of proba-
bility."
t IM-PLeACH', v. t. To interweave. Shak.
IM-PLeAD', v. t. To institute and prosecute a suit against
one in court ; to sue at law.
IM-PLeAD'ED, pp. Prosecuted ; sued ; subject to answer
to a suit in court.
IM-PLeAD'ER, n. One who- prosecutes another.
IM-PLeAD'ING, ppr. Prosecuting a suit.
t IM-PLeAS'ING, a. Unpleasing.
IM-PLEDGE', v. t. To pawn.
IM'PLE-MENT, n. [Low L. implementum.] Whatever may
supply wants ; particularly, as now used, tools, utensils,
vessels, instruments ; the tools or instruments of labor.
IM-PLe'TION, n. [L. impleo.] The act of fiUing ; the state
of being full.
IM'PLEX, a. [L. impleziis.] Infolded ; intricate ; entangled j
complicated.
IM-PLEX'ION, 71. The act of infolding or involving ; the
state of being involved ; involution.
IM'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [Fr. impliquer ; L. implico.] 1. To in-
fold ; to involve ; to entangle. 2. To involve ; to bring
into connection with ; also, to show or prove to be con-
nected or concerned.
IM'PLI-€A-TED, pp. 1. Infolded ; involved. 2. Involved ; .
connected ; concerned ; proved to be concerned or to have
had a part.
IM'PLI-€A-TING, ppr. Involving; proving to be con-
cerned.
IM-PLI-€a'TION, n. [L. implicatio.] 1. The act of infold-
ing or involving. 2. Involution ; entanglement. 3. An
implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed ; a
tacit inference, or something fairly to be understood,
though not expressed in words.
IM'PLI-€A-TlVE, a. Having implication.
IM'PLI-€A-TlVE-LY, adv. By unplication- Btick.
IM-PLlC'IT, a. [L. implicitiLs.] 1. Infolded ; entangled ;
complicated. 2. Implied ; tacitly comprised ; fairly to be
understood, though not expressed in words. 3. Resting
on another ; trusting to the word or authority of another,
without doubting or reserve, or without examining into
the truth of the thing itself.
IM-PLiC'IT-LY, adv. 1. By mference deducible, but not
expressed in words ; virtually ; in reality, but not in name.
2. By connection with something else ; dependently ;
with unreserved confidence.
IM-PLIC'IT-NESS, 71. The state of being implicit ; the state
of trusting without reserve.
IM-PLi'ED, (im-plide') pp. Involved ; contained virtually,
though not expressed.
IM-PLI'ED-LY, adv. By implication.
IM-PLO-Ra'TION, 71. Earnest supplication. Bp. Hall
IM-PLoRE', V. t. [Fr. implorer ; L. imploro.] 1. To call
upon or for, in supplication ; to beseech ; to pray earnest-
ly ; to petition with urgency ; to entreat. 2. To ask
earnestly ; to beg.
IM-PL6RE', V. i. To entreat ; to beg.
tIM-PLoRE', 7?. Earnest supplication. Speriser.
IM-PLoR'ED, (im-plord') pp. Earnestly supplicated.
IM-PLoR'ER, 71. One who prays earnestly.
IM-PLoR'ING, ppr. Beseeching ; entreating ; praying earn-
estly.
IM-PLuM'ED, (ira-plumd') / a. Having no plumes or feath-
IM-PLtJ'MOUS, j ers. Johnson.
IM-PLUN6E', (im-pIunJO v. t. To plunge ; to immerse.
IM-PL"?', «. t. [71. impliquer j 'L. implico.] 1. Literally, to
infold or involve ; to wrap up ; [0&5.] 2. To involve or
contain in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by
construction of law, when not expressed in words.
IM-PL"?'ING, ppr. Involving ; containing in substance, or
by fair inference, or by construction of law.
t IM-PO€K'ET, V. t. To pocket.
IM-POIS'ON, V. t. [Fr. emvoisonner.] 1. To poison ; to im-
pregnate with poison ; to corrupt with poison. 2. To
imbitter ; to impair. 3. To kill with poison ; [rare]
IM-POIS'ONED, pp. Poisoned ; corrupted ; imbittered.
IM-POIS'ON-ING, ppr. Poisoning ; corrupting ; imbittering.
IM-POIS-'ON-MENT, n. The act of poisoning.
t IM'PO-LAR-LY, adv. Not according to the direction of
the poles. Brown.
IM-POL'I-CY, n. Inexpedience ; unsuitableness to the end
proposed ; bad policy ; defect of wisdom.
tIM-POLaSHED, a. Unpolished; rude. T. Hudson.
IM-PO-LlTE'j a. Not of polished manners ; unpolite ; un-
civil rude in manners.
IM-PO-LITE'LY, adv. Uncivilly.
IM-PO-LlTE'NESS, n. Incivility ; want of good manners.
IM-POL'I-TI€, a. 1. Not wise; devising and pursuing
measures adapted to injure the public interest. 2. Un-
wise ; adapted to injure the public interest. 3. Not wise
in private concerns; pursuing measures ill suited to
♦ See Synopsis A E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH;^T ;— PRgY }— HN, MARINE, BIRD }— f Obsolete
IMP
435
IMP
OTomote private welfare ; not prudent. 4. Not suited to
promote private interest.
t IM-PO-LIT'I-€AL, for impolitic.
t lM-PO-LIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Without art or forecast.
Bacon.
IM-POL'I-TI€-LY, adv. Not wisely ; not with due forecast
and prudence ; in a manner to injure public or private
interest.
IM-PON-DER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Absolute levity ; destitution
of sensible weight. ,
IM-PON'DER-A-BLE, ) a. Not having sensible weight.
IM-PON'DER-OUS, i Brown.
t IM-POOR', V. t. To impoverish. Browne.
IM-PO-ROS'I-TY, n. Want of porosity; closeness of tex-
ture^; compactness that excludes pores.
IM-Po'ROUS, a. Destitute of pores ; very close or compact
in texture ; solid. Brown.
IM-PoRT', v.t. [Fi. importer ; L. importo.] l.-To bring
from a foreign country or jurisdiction, or from another
state, into one's own country, jurisdiction or state. 2.
To bear or convey, as signification or meaning ; to mean ;
to signify ; to imply. 3. To be of weight to ; to be of
moment or consequence to ; to bear on the interest of, or
to have a bearing on.
IM'PoRT, n. 1. That which is borne or conveyed in words ;
meaning ; signihcation ; the sense which words are in-
tended to convey. Import differs from implication in this,
that the meaning of a term or number of words in connec-
tion is less obscurely expressed. Import depends less on
inference or deduction than implication, and is also applied
more frequently to a single word. 2. That which is im-
ported or brought into a country from another country or
state: generally in the plural. 3. Importance 3 weight;
consequence ; [formerly accented on the second syllable.]
Dryden.
M-PoRT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be imported. 2. Insup-
portable ; not to be endured ; [obs.] Spenser.
IM-PORT'ANCE, n. [Fr. j Sp. importancia.] 1. Weight ;
consequence ; a bearing on some interest ; that quality of
any thing by which it may affect a measure, interest or
result. 2. Weight or consequence in the scale of being.
3. Weight or consequence in self-estimation. 4. Thing
implied; matter; subject; importunity; [obs.] Shak.
"IM-PORT'ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Weighty ; momentous ; of
great consequence ; having a bearing on some interest,
measure or result by which good or ill may be produced.
2. Bearing on ; forcible ; driving. 3. Importunate ; [not
used,]
>M-PORT'ANT-LY, adv. Weightily ; forcibly.
^M-POR-TA'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act or practice of im-
porting, or of bringing from another country or state. 2.
The wares or commodities imported. 3. Conveyance.
iM-PoRT'ED, pp. Brought from another country or state.
IM-PoRT'ER, n. He that imports ; the merchant who, by
himself or his agent, brings goods from another country or
state.
IM-PoRT'ING, ppr. I. Bringing into one's own country or
state from a foreign or distant state. 2. Bearing, as a
signification ; meaning. 3. Having weight or conse-
quence.
t IM-PoRT'LESS, a. Of no weight or consequence.
IM-PORT'U-NA-CY, n. The act of importuning ; importu-
nateness.
IM-PORT'U-NATE, a. [L. importuniis .] 1. Bearing on ;
pressing or urging in request or demand ; urgent, and per-
tinacious in solicitation. 2. Pressing ; urgent. 3. Incit-
ing urgently for gratification.
IM-PORT'U-NATE-LY, adv. With urgent request; with
pressing solicitation.
IM-PORT'U-NATE-NESS, n. Urgent solicitation.
t IM-PORT'U-NA-TOR, n. One that importunes.
IM-POR-TuNE , V. t. [Fr. importuner.] To request with
urgency ; to press with solicitation ; to urge with frequent
or unceasing application.
f IM-POR-TuNE', a. [L. importunus.] 1. Pressing in re-
quest ; urgent ; troublesome by frequent demands ; vexa-
tious ; unreasonable. 2. Unseasonable.
f IM-POR-TUNE'LY, adv. 1. With urgent solicitation ; in-
cessantly ; continually ; troublesomely. 2. Unseasonably ;
improperly.
IM-POR-TuN'ER, w One who is importunate. Waterhouse.
IM-POR-TtJ'NI-TY, n. [Fr. importunite ; L. importunitas.]
Pressing solicitation ; urgent request ; application for a
claim or favor, which is urged with troublesome frequen-
cy or pertinacity.
IM-PoRT'U-OUS, a. [L. importuosus.] Without a port,
haven or harbor.
IM-PoSA-BLE, a. That may be imposed or laid on.
IM-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. imposer.] 1. To lay on ; to set on ; to
lay on, as a burden, tax, toll, duty or penalty. 2. To
place over by authority or by force. 3. To lay on, as a
command ; to enjoin, as a duty. 4. To fix on ; to impute.
5. To lay on, as hands in the ceremony of ordiaiation, or
of confirmation. 6. To obtrude fallaciously, — 7. Among
printers, to put the pages on the stone, and fit on the chase,
and thus prepare the form for the press.— To impose on, to
deceive ; to mislead by a trick or false pretense.
t IM-PoSE', n. Command ; injunction. Shak.
IM-PoS'ED, (im-pozdO pp. Laid on, as a tax, burden, duty
or penalty ; enjoined.
IM-PoS'ER, n. One who lays on ; OHe who enjoins.
IM-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Laying on ; enjoining ; deceiving.
2. a. Commanding; adapted to impress forcibly. Bp.
Hobart,
IM-P6S'ING-ST0NE, n. Among printers, the stone on
which the pages or columns of types are imposed or made
into forms.
IM-PO-Sl"TION, n. [Fr., from L. impositio.] 1. In a gen-
eral sense, the act of laying on. 2. The act of laying on
hands in the ceremony of ordination. 3. The act of set-
ting on or affixing to. 4. That which is imposed ; a tax,
toll, duty or excise laid by authority. 5. Injunction, as
of a law or duty. 6. Constraint; oppression; burden.
7. Deception; imposture. 8. A supernumerary exercise
enjoined on students as a punishment.
IM-POS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. That which cannot be ; the
state of being not possible to exist. 2. Impracticability .
the state or quality of being not feasible or possible to be
done.
IM-POS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. imposslMis.] 1. That can-
not be. 2. Impracticable ; not feasible ; that cannot be
done.
f IM-POS'SI-BLE, n. An impossibility. Chaucer.
IMToST,7i. [Sip., It. imposta.] I. Any tax or tribute im-
posed by authority.— 2. In architecture, that part of a pil-
lar, in vaults and arches, on which the weight of the
building rests.
IM-POS'THU-MATE, (im-pos'tu-mate) v. i. To form an
abscess ; to gather ; to collect pus or purulent matter in
any part of an animal body.
IM-POS'THU-MATE, v. t. To affect with an imposthume
or abscess,
IM-POS'THU-MA-TED, pp. Affected with an impos-
thume.
IM-POS-THU-Ma'TION, n. The act of forming an abscess ,
also, an abscess ; an imposthume
IM-POS'THUME, (im-pos'tume) n. [This word is a corrup-
tion of ajjosfem, L. aposiema.] An abscess; a collection
of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body.
IM-POS'THUME, v. i. The same as imposthumate.
IM-POS'TOR, n. [Fr. im.posteur ; Sp., Port, impostor ; Low
L. impostor.] One who imposes on others ; a person who
assumes a character for the purpose of deception ; a de-
ceiver under a false character.
tIM-POST'U-RA6E, 71. Imposition. Bp. Taylor.
IM-POST'URE, n. [Fr. ; L. impostura.] Deception prac-
ticed under a false or assumed character ; fraud or impo-
sition practiced by a false pretender,
IM-POST'URED, a. Having the nature of imposture.
IM-POST'U-ROUS, a. Deceitful. Beaumont.
IMTO-TENCE, In. [Ij.impotentia.] 1. Want of strength
IM/PO-TEN-CY, S or power, animal or intellectual ;
weakness ; feebleness ; inability ; imbecility ; defect of
power. 2. Moral inability ; the want of power or incli-
nation to resist or overcome habits and natural propensi-
ties. 3. Inability to beget. 4. Ungovernable passion.
Milton.
IM'PO-TENT, a. [Fr., from L. impotens.] 1. Weak ; fee-
ble ; wanting strength or power; unable by nature, or
disabled by disease or accident to perform any act. 2.
Wanting the power of propagation, as males. 3. Want-
ing the power of restraint ; not having the command
over.
IM'PO-TENT, n. One who is feeble, infirm, or languishing
under disease. Shak.
IM'PO-TENT-LY, adv. Weakly ; without power over the
IM-POUND', v. t. 1. To put, shut or confine in a pound or
close pen. 2. To confine ; to restrain within limits.
IM-POUND'ED, pp. Confined in a pound.
IM-POUND'ER, n. One who impounds the beasts of an-
other.
IM-POUND'ING, ppr. Confining in a pound ; restraining
IM-POV'ER-ISH, V. t. [Fr. appauvrir.] 1. To make poor;
to reduce to poverty or indigence 2. To exhaust strength,
richness or fertility.
IM-POV'ER-ISHED, pp. Reduced to poverty ; exhausted.
IM-POV'ER-ISH-ER, n. 1. One who makes others poor.
2. That which impairs fertility
IM-POV'ER-ISH-ING. ppr. Making poor ; exhausting.
IM-POV'ER-ISH-MENT, n. Depauperation ; a reducing to
indigence ; exhaustion ; drain of wealth, richness or fer
tility.
IM-POW'ER. See Empower.
IM-PRAC-TI-€A-BIL'I-TY,IM-PRA€'TI-€A-BLE-NESS
n. 1. The state or quality of being beyond human pow-
er, or the means proposed ; infeasibility. 2. Untractable-
ness ; stubbornness.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DoVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAw t OisolUe
IMP
436
IMP
fM-PRA€'TI-€A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be done or per-
formed ; infeasible ; not to be effected by the means pro-
posed. 2. Untractable; unmanageable j stubborn. 3.
That cannot be passed or traveled.
IM-PRA€'TI-€A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that
hinders practice.
IM'PRE-€ATE, v. t. [L. imprecor.] To invoke, as an evil
on any one ; to pray that a curse or calamity may fall on
one's self or on another person.
IM'PRE-€A-TED, pp. Invoked on one, as soine evil
IM'PRE-€A-TING, ppr. Calling for evil on one's self or
another.
[M-PRE-€a'TION, n. [L. imprecatio.] The act of impre-
cating, or invoking evil on any one ; a prayer that a curse
or calamity may fall on any one.
*IM'PRE-eA-TO-RY, a. Containing a prayer for evil to
befall a person.
IMPRE-CIS'ION, n. Want of precision or exactness ; de-
fect of accuracy. Taylor.
IM-PReGN', (im-preen') v. t. [It. impregnare ; Fr. impregn-
er.] To impregnate ; to infuse the seed of young or other
prolific principle.
IM-PREG'NA-BLE, a. [Fr. imprenahle.'] 1. Not to be
stormed, or taken by assault ; that cannot be reduced by
force ; able to resist attack 2. Not to be moved, impress-
ed or shaken ; invincible.
IM-PREG'NA-BLY, adv. In a manner to resist penetration
or assault : in a manner to defy force.
IM-PREG'NATE, v. t. [It. impregnare.] 1. To infuse the
principle of conception ; to make pregnant, as a female
animal. 2. To deposit the fecundating dust of a flower
on the pistils of a plant ; to render prolific. 3. To infuse
particles of one thing into another ; to communicate the
virtues of one thing to another.
IM-PREG'NATE, a. Impregnated j rendered prolific or
fruitful.
IM-PREG'NA-TED, a. Made pregnant or prolific ; fecun-
dated ; filled with something by mixture, &c.
IM-PREG'NA-TING, ppr. Infusing seed or pollen ; render-
ing pregnant 5 fructifying j fecundating; filling by infu-
sion or mixture.
IM-PREG-Na'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of fecundating
and rendering fruitful. 2. The communication of the
particles or virtues of one thing to another. 3. That with
which any thing is impregnated. 4. Saturation.
t IM-PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, a. [L. in, pra and judico.] Not
prejudged ; unprejudiced ; not prepossessed ; impartial.
Brown.
IM-PREP-A-Ra'TION, n. Want of preparation ; unprepar-
edness ; unreadiness. [Little used.]
IM-PRE-S€RIP-TI-BIL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. imprescriptibilite.]
The state of being independent of prescription ; the state
■which renders a thing not liable to be lost or impaired by
the prescription of another, or by one's own non-user.
IM-PRE-S€RIP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] That cannot be lost or
impaired by non-user, or by the claims of another found-
ed on prescription.
IM-PRESS, V. t. [L. impressum.] 1. To imprint; to
stamp ; to make a mark or figure on any thing by press-
ure. 2. To print, as books. 3. To mark ; to indent. 4.
To fix deep. 5. To compel to enter into public service,
as seamen ; to seize and take into service by compulsion,
as nurses in sickness. 6. To seize ; to take for pirblic ser-
vice.
IM'PRESS, n. 1. A mark or indentation, made by press-
ure. 2. The figure or image of any thing made by press-
ure ; stamp ; likeness, 3. Mark of distinction ; stamp ;
character. 4. Device ; motto. 5. The act of compelling
to enter into public service.
IM-PRESS'ED, (im-presf) pp. Imprinted ; stamped ; mark-
ed by pressure ; compelled to enter public service ; seized
for public use ; fixed in the mind ; made sensible ; con-
vinced.
IM PRESS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being impressible.
IM-PRESS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be impressed ; that
yields to pressure ; that may receive impressions. 2. That
may be impressed ; that may have its figure stamped on
another body.
IM-PRESS''ING, ppr. Imprinting ; stamping^ fixing in the
mind ; compelling into service.
IM-PRES'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. impressio.] 1. The act of im-
pressing, as one body on another. 2. Mark ; indentation ;
stamp made by pressure. 3. The effect which objects
produce on the mind. 4. Image in the mind ; idea. 5.
Sensible effect. 6. A single edition of a book ; the books
printed at once. 7. Slight, indistinct remembrance.
IM-PRiESS'IVE, a. 1. Making or tending to make an im-
pression ; having the power of affecting, or of exciting at-
tention and feeling ; adapted to touch sensibility or the
conscience. 2. Capable of being impressed ; susceptible.
. M-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner to touch sensibility,
or to awaken conscience ; in a manner to produce a pow-
erful effect on the mind.
ITJI-PRESS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being impressive.
IM-PRES»'MENT, n. 1. The act of impressing men into
public service. 2. The act of compelling into any ser
vice. 3. The act of seizing for public use.
IM-PRESS' QRE, (im-presh'ur) n. The mark made by
pressure; indentation; dent; impression. Shak.
IM'PREST, n. [It. imprestare.] A kind of earnest-money ;
loan ; money advanced. Burke.
IM-PREST', V. t. To advance on loan.
IM-PREV'A-LENCE, n. IncapabDity of prevailing.
IM-PRI-Ma'TUR, n. [L., let it be printed.] A license to
print a book, &c.
flM-PRIM'ER-Y, n. [Ft.imprimerie.] Aprint; impression;
a printing-house ; art of printing.
IM-PRi'MIS, adv. [L. imprimis.} In the first place ; first in
order.
IM-PRINT', ». i. [It. imprimere.] 1. To impress ; to mark
by pressure. 2. To stamp letters and words on paper by
means of types ; to print. 3. To fix on the mind or mem-
ory ; to impress.
IM'PRINT, n. Designation of a place where a work
printed.
IM-PRINT'ED, pp. Marked by pressure ; printed j fiixed in
the mind or memory.
IM-PRINTTNG, ppr. Marking by pressure; printing; fix-
ing on the mind or memory.
IM-PRIS'ON, (im-priz'n) v. t. [Fr. emprisonner.] 1. To
put into a prison ; to confine in a prison or jail, or to ar-
rest and detain in custody in any place. 2. To confine ;
to shut up ; to restrain from escape ; to deprive of the lib-
erty to move from place to place.
IM-PRIS'ONED, pp. Confined in a prison or jail ; restrain-
ed from escape or from going at large.
IM-PRIS ON-ER, n. One who causes another to be confined
in prison. Clayton.
IM-PRIS'ON-ING, ppr. Shutting up in prison ; confining in
a place.
IM-PRIS'ON-MENT, n. 1. The act of putting and confin-
ing in prison ; the act of arresting and detaining in custo-
dy. 2. Confinement in a place ; restraint of liberty ; the
confinement of a criminal or debtor within the walls of a
prison.
IM-PROB-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being improbable
or not likely to be true ; unlikelihood.
IM-PROB'A-BLE, a. [Sp., Fr. ; L. improbabilis.] Not like-
ly to be true ; not to be expected under the circumstances
of the case.
IM-PROB'A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner not likely to be
true. 2. In a manner not to be approved ; [obs.]
flM'PRO-BATE, r. t. [L. improbo.] To disallow; not to
approve. Ainsworth.
t IM-PRO-Ba'TION, 71. The act of disapproving.
IM-PROB'I-TY, 71. [L. improbitas.J That which is disap-
proved or disallowed ; want of mtegrity or rectitude of
principle ; dishonesty.
t IM-PRO-Du'CED, a. Not produced. Ray.
IM-PRO-Fi"CIEN-CY, n. Want of proficiency.
t IM-PROF'IT-A-BLE, a. Unprofitable. Elyot.
t IM-PRO-LIF'I€, a. Not prolific ; unfruitful. Waterhouse
f IM-PRO-LIF'Ir€ATE, v. t. To impregnate ; to fecundate
IM-PROMP'TU, adv. [L. in promptu.] Off hand ; without
previous study.
IM-PROMP'TU, n. A piece made offhand, at the moment,
or without previous study ; an extemporaneous composi-
tion.
IM-PROP'ER, a. [L.improprius.] 1. Not proper; not suit-
able , not adapted to its end ; unfit. 2. Not becoming ;
not decent ; not suited to the character, time or place. 3.
Not according to the settled usages or principles of a lan-
guage. 4. Not suited to a particular place or oflice ; un-
qualified
IM-PROP'ER-LY, adv. 1. Not fitly ; in a manner not suit-
ed to the end ; in a manner not suited to the company,
time, place and circumstances ; unsuitably ; incongruous-
ly. 2. In a manner not according with established
usages ; inaccurately ; ungrammatically.
IM-PRO-Pl"TIOUS, a. Not propitious ; unpropitious.
IM-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. Not proportionable.
IM-PR0-P6R'TI0N-ATE, a. Not proportionate.
IM-PRO'PRI-ATE, r. «. [L. in and proprius.] 1. To ap-
propriate to private use ; to take to one's self; [not used.]
2. To annex the possessions of the church or a benefice to
a layman.
IM-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Devolved into the hands of a lay-
man.
IM-PRo'PRI-A-TED, pp. 1. Appropriated to one's self. 2
Put in possession of a layman.
IM-PRo'PRI-A-TING, ppr. 1. Appropriating to one's self
2. Annexing to a lay proprietor.
IM-PRO-PRI-A'TION, n. I. The act of putting an ecclesi-
astical benefice into the hands of a layman. Ayliffe. 2
The benefice impropriated.
*IM-PRo'PRI-A-TOR, n. A layman who has possession of
the lands of the church or an ecclesiastical living.
IM-PRO-PRl'E-TY, 71. [Fr. impropriete.] 1. Unfitness
* JSee ^nopsk A, S, I, O, tr, Y, lon^.—FA.R, FALL, WHAT j— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
IMP
437
INA
unsuitableness to character, time, place oi' circumstances.
2. Inaccuracy in language ; a word or phrase not accord-
ing with the established usages or principles of speaking
or writing.
[M-PROS-PER'I-TY, n. Unprosperity ; want of success.
IM-PROS'PER-OUS, a. Not prosperous; not successful;
unfortunate ; not yielding profit ; not advancing interest.
IM-PROS'PER-OTJS-LY, adv. Unsuccessfully ; unprosper-
ously; unfortunately. Boyle.
IM-PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, n. Ill success.
IM-PROV-A-BIL I-TY, n. The state or quality of being ca-
pable of improvement ; susceptibility of being made bet-
ter.
IM-PR5V'A-BLE, a. 1. Susceptible of improvement ; ca-
pable of growing or being made better ; that may be ad-
vanced in good qualities. 2. That may be used to advan-
tage, or for the increase of any thing valuable. 3. Capable
of tillage or cultivation.
IM-PilOV'A-BLE-NESS, n. Susceptibility of improvement ;
capableness of being made better, or of being used to ad-
vantage.
IM-PRc3V'A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of melio^
ration.
IMPROVE', (ira-proov') «. «. [Norm. ;pro»er.] 1. To make
better ; to advance in value or good qualities. 2. To use
or employ to good purpose ; to make productive ; to turn
to profitable account ; to use for advantage ; to employ for
advancing interest, reputation or happiness. Addison. 3.
To apply to practical purposes. Owen. 4. To advance or
increase. by use; in a bad sense; [ill,] Porteus. 5. To
use ; to employ. T. Scott. 6. To use ; to occupy ; to cul-
tivate ; as, the house or farm is now improved by an in-
dustrious tenant. This application is perhaps peculiar to
some parts of the U. States. It however deviates little
from that in some ol the foregoing definitions.
IM-PROVE', (im-proov ) v. i. To grow better or wiser; to
advance in goodness, knowledge, wisdom or other excel-
lence. 2. To advance in bad qualities ; to grow vs^orse.
Milner. 3. To increase; to be enhanced; to rise. — To
improve on, to make useful additions or amendments to ;
to bring nearer to perfection.
IM-PROV'ED, (im-proovd') pp. 1. Made better, wiser or
more excellent ; advanced in moral worth, knowledge or
manners. 2. Made better ; advanced in fertility or other
good qualities. 3. Used to profit or good purpose. 4.
Used ; occupied.
IM-PRC5VE'MENT, (im-proov'ment) n. 1. Advancement
in moral worth, learning, wisdom, skill or other excel-
lence. 2. Melioration ; a making or growing better or
more valuable. 3. A valuable addition ; excellence add-
ed, or a change for the better. 4. Advance or progress
from any state to a better. 5. Instruction; growth in
knowledge or refinement ; edification. 6. Use or em-
ployment to beneficial purposes; a turning to good ac-
count. 7. Practical application. Tillotson. 8. The part
of a discourse intended to enforce and apply the doctrines,
is called the improvement. 9. Use ; occupancy. 10. Im-
provements, plu. ; valuable additions or melioration, as
buildings, clearings, drains, fences, &c., on a farm. Kent.
IM-PROV'ER, n. 1. One who improves ; one who makes
himself or any thing else better. 2. That which im-
proves, enriches or meliorates.
I IM-PRO-VID'ED, a. [h.improvisus.] Unforeseen; unex-
pected ; not provided against.
IM-PROV'I-DENCE, n. [L. in and providens.] Want of
providence or forecast ; neglect of foresight, or of the
measures which foresight might dictate for safety or ad-
vantage.
IM-PROV'I-DENT, a [L. in and providens.] Wanting
forecast ; wanting care to make provision for future exi-
ffcnccs
IM-PROV'I-DENT-LY, adv. Without foresight or forecast ;
without care to provide against future wants.
M-PROV'ING, ppr. Making better ; growing better ; using
to advantage.
IM-PRO-VIS'ION, n. Want of forecast; improvidence.
[Littleused.] Brown.
IM-PRU'DENCE, n. [Fr., from. L. imprudentia.] Want of
piudence ; indiscretion ; want of caution, circumspection
or a due regard to consequences ; heedlessness ; inconsid-
erateness; rashness.
IM-PRU'DENT, a. [Fr. ; L. imprudens.] Wanting pru-
dence or discretion ; indiscrete ; injudicious ; not atten-
tive to the consequences of words or actions ; rash ; heed-
less.
IM-PRC'DENT-LY, adv. Without the exercise of pru-
dence ; indiscretely.
IM'PU-DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. impudens.] Sliamelessness ;
want of modesty ; effrontery ; assurance accompanied
with a disregard of the opinions of others.
IM'PU-DENT, a. [Fr. ; L. impiulens.] Shameless ; want-
ing modesty ; bold, with contempt of others ; saucy.
IM'PU-DENT-LY, adv. Shamelessly ; wiUi indecent assur-
ance. Sandys.
IM-PU-DIC'I-TY, n. [L. impudicitia.] Immodesty
*IM-PuGN', (im-pune') v. t. [Fr. impugner ; L. impugno,]
To oppose ; to attack by words or arguments ; to contra-
dict.
IM-PUG-Na'TION, n. Opposition. Bp. Hall.
*IM-PuGN'ED, (im-piind') pp. Opposed; contradicted.
*IM-PuGN'ER, (im-pu'ner) ?i. One Who opposes or contra
diets.
* IM-PtJGN'ING, (im-pii'ning) ppr. Opposing ; attacking ;
contradicting.
*tIM-PU'.IS-SANCE,ft. [Fr.] Impotence; weakness.
IMTULSE, (im'puls) n. [L. impulsus.] 1. Force commu-
nicated ; the effect of one body acting on another. 2. In-
fluence acting on the mind; motive. 3. Impression-
supposed supernatural influence on the mind.
IM-PUL'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. impulsio.] 1. The act of driv-
ing against or impelling ; the agency of a body in motion
on another body. 2. Influence on the mind ; impulse.
IM-PULS'lVE, a. [Fr. impulsif.] Having the power of driv-
ing or impelling ; moving ; impellent.
IM-PULS'IVE-LY, adv. With force ; by impulse.
t IM-Pu'NI-BLY, adv. Without punishment. Ellis.
IM-Pu'NI-TY, n. [Fr. impunite ; L. impunitas.] 1. ExemfJ-
tion from punishment or penalty. 2. Freedom or ex-
emption from injury.
IM-PuRE', a. [Fr. impur ; L. impurus.] 1. Not pure ; foul j
feculent ; tinctured ; mixed or impregnated with extrane-
ous substance. 2. Obscene. 3. Unchaste ; lewd ; un-
clean. 4. Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy. 5. Unhal-
lowed ; unholy. 6. Unclean ; i?i a legal sense ,- not
purified according to the ceremonial law of Moses.
t IM-PuRE', V. t. To render foul ; to defile. Bp. Hall.
IM-PuRE'LY, adv. In an impure manner ; with impurity.
IM-PuRE'NESS, \ n. [Fr. impurete ; L. impuritas.] 1. W^ant
IM-Pu'RI-TY, \ of purity ; foulness ; feculence ; the
admixture of a foreign substance in any thing. 2. Any
foul matter. 3. Unchastity ; lewdness. 4. Want of sanc-
tity or holiness ; defilement by guilt. 5. Want of cere-
monial purity ; legal pollution or uncleanness. 6. Foul
language ; obscenity.
IM-PUR'PLE, V. t. To Color or tinge with purple ; to make
red or reddish.
IM-PUR'PLING, ppr. Tinging or coloring with purple.
IM-Pu'TA-BLE, a. 1. That may be imputed or charged to
a person ; chargeable. 2. That may be ascribed to ; in a
good sense. 3. Accusable ; chargeable with a fault ; [not
proper.] 4. That may be set to the account of another.
IM-Pu'TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being imputable
IM-PU-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of imputing or charg-
ing ; attribution ; generally in an ill sense. 2. Sometimes
in a good sense. 3. Charge or attribution of evil ; censure ;
reproach. 4. Hint ; slight notice. Shak.
IM-PU'TA-TIVE, a. That may be imputed.
IM-Pu'TA-TlVE-LY, adv. By imputation. Encyc.
IM-PuTE's V. t. [Fr. imputer ; L. imputo.] 1. To charge ; to
attribute ; to set to the account of. 2. To attribute ; to
ascribe. 3. To reckon to one what does not belong to
him_. Milton.
IM-PuT'ED, pp. Charged to the account of; attributed;
ascribed.
IM-PuT'ER, n. One that imputes or attributes.
IM-PuT'ING, ppr. Charging to the account of; attributing ;
ascribing.
IM-PU-TRES'CI-BLE, a. [in, and 1,. putresco.] Notsubje((t
to putrefaction or corruption.
IN, a prefix, [L. ivi,] is used in composition as a particle of
negation, like the English un, of Which it seems to be a
dialectical orthography ; or it denotes within, into, or
among, as in inbred, incase ; or it serves only to augment
or render emphatical the sense of the word to which it is
prefixed, as in inclose, increase. — In, before I, is changed
into il, as in illusion ; and before r, into ir, as in irregu-
lar ; and into im, before a labial, as in imbitter, immaterial,
impatient.
IN, prep. [L. in ; Gr. ev ; Goth, and Sax. in ; Fr. en ; Sp.
en ; It. in ; G. in, or em ; D. in ; Dan. ind ; Sw. in ; W. yn.]
In denotes present or inclosed, surrounded by limits ; as,
in a house. It denotes a state of being mixed ; as, sugar in
tea. It denotes present in any state ; as, in sickness or
health. It den'otes present in time ; as, in that hour or
day. The uses of in, however, cannot, in all cases, be de-
fined by equivalent words, except by explaining the phrase
in which it is used ; as, in fact ; in reason, &.c.—In the
name is used in phrases of invoking, swearing, declaring,
praying, &c. — In, in many cases, is equivalent to on .
In signifies by or through.— /n that is sometimes equiva-
lent to because. — In as much, seeing ; seeing that j this
being the fact; as, I will ride for health, inasmuch as I am
infirm. — In is often used without the noun to which it
properly belongs ; as, I care not who is in, pr who is out ;
that is, in office, or out of office. — To be or keep in, with, to
be close or near ; as, keep the ship in with the land.
IN-A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. inhabilit&.] 1. Want of sufficient
physical power or strength. 2. Want of adequate means.
* See Spiapsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j-BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; 6 as Z ; CH as ^ ; TH as ia tUm f tmst^He
INA
438
I^C
3. Want of moral power 4. Want of intellectual strength
or force. 5. Want of knowledge or skill.
I IN-A'BLE-MENT, n. Ability. Bacon.
IN-AB'STI-NENCE, n. A not abstaining j a partaking ; in-
dulgence of appetite. Milton.
IN-A-Bu'SIVE-LY, adv. Without abuse. L. Morth
IN-A€-CESS-I-BIL'I-TY, or IN-A€-CESS'I-BLE-NESS, n.
The quality or state of being inaccessible, or not to be
reached.
IN-A€-CESS'I-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reached ; as an inac-
cessible height or rock. 2. Not to be obtained. 3. Not to
be approached ; forbidding access.
IN-A€-CESS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be approached.
IN-A€'eU-RA-CY, n. Want of accuracy or exactness ; mis-
take : fault ; defect ; error.
IN-A€€U-RATE, a. Not accurate; not exact or correct;
not according to truth ,• erroneous.
IN-A€'€U-RATE-LY, adv. Not according to truth ; incor-
rectly ; erroneously.
IN-AOTION, n. [Fr.] Want of action ; forbearance of la-
bor ; idleness ; rest. Pope.
IN-A€'TIVE, a. 1. Not active ; inert ; having no power to
jnove. 2. Not active ; not diligent or industrious ; not
busy ; idle ; indolent ; sluggish.
IN-A€'TIVE-LY, adv. Idly ; sluggishly ; without motion,
labor, or employment.
IN-A€-TIV'I-TY, 71. ]. Inertness. 2. Idleness, or habitual
idleness; want of action or exertion ; sluggishness. Swift.
t IN-AeT'U-ATE, V. t. To put in action. Olanville.
t IN-A€T-U-A'TION, n. Operation. Olanville.
IN-AD'E-aUA-CY, n. 1. The quality of being unequal or
insufficient for a purpose. Dwior/ji. 2. Inequality. iSiirA;e.
3. Incompleteness; defectiveness.
IN-AD'E-aUATE, a. [L.] 1. Not equal to the purpose ; in-
sufficient to eSect the object ; unequal. 2. Not equal to
the real state or condition of a thing ; not just or in due
proportion ; partial ; incomplete. 3. Incomplete ; defec-
tive ; not just.
IN-AD'E-aUATE-LY, adv. Not fully or sufficiently ; not
completely.
IN-AD'E-aUATE-NESS, n. The quality of being inade-
quate ; inadequacy ; inequality ; incompleteness.
IN-AD-E-aUA'TION, n. Want of exact correspondence.
IN-AD-He'SION, n. Want of adhesion; a not adher-
ing.
IN-AD-MISS-I-BIL'l-TY, n. The quality of being inadmiss-
ible, or not proper to be received.
IN-AD-MISS'I-BLE, a. Not admissible ; not proper to be
admitted, allowed or received.
IN-AD-VERT'ENCE, J «. [Fr. inadvertance.] 1. A not
IN-AD-VERT'EN-CY, \ turning the mmd to ; inattention ;
negligence ; heedlessness. 2. The effect of inattention ;
any oversight, mistake or fault which proceeds from negli-
gence of thought.
IN-AD-VERT'ENT, a. [L. in and advertens.] Not turning
the mind to ; heedless ; careless ; negligent.
IN-AD-VERT'ENT-LY, ao!u. Heedlessly; carelessly; from
want of attention ; inconsiderately.
IN-AF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. Reservedness in conversation.
IN-AF'FA-BLE, a. Not affable ; reserved.
IN-AF-FEC-Ta'TION, n. Destitution of affected manner.
t IN-AF-FE€TIED, a. Unaffected.
IN-aID'A-BLE, a. That cannot be assisted. Shak.
t IN-AF-FE€T'ED-LY, adv. Without affectation. Cock-
er am.
IN-aL'IEN-A-BLE, (in-ale'yen-a-bl) a. [Fr.] Unalienable;
that cannot be legally or justly alienated or transferred to
another.
IN-aL'IEN-A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being inaliena-
ble. Scott.
IN-aL'IEN-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that forbids aliena-
tion.
IN-AL-I-MENT'AL, a. Affording no nourishment.
IN-AL-TER-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of not being
alterable or changeable. Fourcroy.
IN-AL'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot or may not be altered
or "changed; unalterable.
f IN-a'MI-A-BLE, a. Unamiable.
* IN-a'MI-A-BLE-NESS, 71. Unamiableness.
IN-A-MISS'I-BLE, a. Not to be lost. Hammond.
.N-A-MISS'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not being liable to
be lost.
*IN-AM-0-Ra'TO, 71. A lover. Marston.
[N-aNE', a. [L. inanis.'] Empty ; void ; sometimes used as
a noun, to express a void space.
IN-AN'GU-LAR, a. Not angular. {Little used.]
IN-AN'I-MATE, v. t. To animate. [Little used.]
IN-AN'I-]MATE, a. [L. inanimatus.] 1. Destitute of animal
life. 2. Destitute of animation or life.
IN-AN'I-MA-TED, a. Destitute of animal life. 2. Not ani-
mated ; not sprightly.
t IN-AN-I-Ma'TION, 71. Animation. Donne.
IN-A-N1"TI0N, n. [Fr. j L. inanis.] Emptiness ; want of
fullness.
IN-AN'I-TY,n. \li.inanitas.] Emptiness ; void space ; va-
cuity. Digby.
IN-AP'PE-TENCE, ) 7i. [L.] 1. Want of appetence or of a
IN-AP'PE TEN-CY, \ disposition to seek, select oi imbibe
nutriment. 2. Want of desire or inclination.
IN-AP-PLI-€A-BIL'I-TY, n The quality of not being apr
plicable ; unfitness.
IN-AP'PLI-€A-BLE, a. Not applicable ; that cannot be ap-
plied ; not suited oj suitable to the purpose.
IN-AP-PLI-€a'TION, n. Want of application ; want of
attention or assiduity ; negligence ; indolence.
IN-AP'PO-SlTE, a. Not apposite ; not fit or suitable ; not
pertinent.
IN-AP-PRe'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not to be appreciated ; that
cannot be duly valued. 2. That cannot be estimated.
IN-AP-PRE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not intelligible. Milton.
IN-AP-PRE-HENS'IVE, a. Not apprehensive.
IN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. Not to be approached.
IN-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. 1. Not appropriate ; unsuited j
not proper. J. P. Smith. 2. Not appropriate ; not belong-
ing to.
IN-APT'I-TUDE, n. Want of aptitude ; unfitness ; unsuit-
ableness. Burke.
IN-A'CIUATE, a. Imbodied in water. Cranmer.
IN-A-aUA'TION, n. The state of bemginaquate. Gardner
IN-AR'A-BLE, a. Not arable ; not capable of being tilled.
IN-ARCH', v.t. To graft by appproach.
IN-ARCH'ED, (in-archf) pp. Grafted by approach.
IN-aRCH'ING, ppr. Grafting by approach.
IN-ARCH'ING, n. A method of ingrafting, by which a cion,
without being separated from its parent tree, is joined to a
stock standing near.
IN-AR-TI€'U-LATE, a. Not uttered with articulation or
junction of the organs of speech ; not articulate ; not dis-
tinct, or with distinction of syllables.
IN-AR-TI€'U-LATE-LY, adv. Not with distuict syllables ;
indistinctly.
IN-AR-TI€'U-LATE-NESS, n. Indistinctness of utterance
by animal voices ; want of distinct articulation.
IN-AR-TI€-U-La'TION, n. Indistincthess of sounds in
speaking.
IN-AR-TI-Fi"CIAL, a. 1. Not done by art ; not made or
performed by the rules of art ; formed without art. 2. Sim-
ple ; artless.
IN-AR-TI-Fl"CIAL-LY, adv. Without art; in an artless
manner ; contrary to the rules of art. Collier.
IN-AS-MtJCH', adv. \in, as, and much.] Seeing; seeing
that ; this being the fact.
IN-AT-TEN'TION, n. The want of attention, or of fixin}.
the mind steadily on an object ; heedlessness ; neglect.
IN-AT-TENT'IVE, a. Not fixing the mmd on an object
heedless; careless; negligent; regardless.
IN-AT-TENT'IVE-LY, adv. Without attention ; careless-
ly ; heedlessly. Johnson.
IN-AUD'I-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be heard. 2. Making nc
sound. Shak.
IN-AUD'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be heard.
IN-AUG'U-RAL, a. [L. inauguro.] 1. Pertaining to inaug
uration. 2. Made or pronounced at an inauguration.
IN-AUG'U-RATE, v. t. 1. To introduce or induct into aw
ofiice with solemnity or suitable ceremonies ; to invest witlf
an office in a formal manner. 2. To begin with goor
omens ; [o&s.l
IN-AUG'U-RATE, a. Invested with office. Drayton.
IN-AUG'U-RA-TED, pp. Inducted into office with appro-
priate ceremonies.
IN-AUG'-U-RA-TING,jJ2'»-- Inducting into office with so-
lemnities.
IN-AUG-U-Ra'TION, n. The act of inducting into office
with solemnity ; investiture with office by appropriate
ceremonies.
IN-AUG'U-RA-TO-RY, a. Suited to induction into office ;
pertaining to inauguration. Johnson.
IN-AU-Rl'TION, 71. [L. inauratus.] The act or process of
gilding, or covering with gold. Arbuthnot.
IN-AUS'PI-€ATE, a. Ill-omened. Biwk.
IN-AU-SPl"CIOUS, a. Ill-omened ; unfortunate ; unlucky ;
evil ; unfavorable.
IN-AU-SPI"CIOUS-LY, adv. With ill omens ; unfortunate-
ly ; unfavorably.
IN-AU-SPl"CIOUS-NESS, n. Unluckiness ; unfavorable-
ness.
IN-Be'ING, 71. Inherence ; inherent existence ; insepara-
bleness. Watts.
IN'BORN, a. Innate ; implanted by nature. Dryden.
IN-BREATH-ED, clnfused by inspiration. Milton.
IN'BRED, a. Bred within ; innate ; natural. Dryden.
IN-BREED', V. t. To produce or generate within.
IN'€A, 71. The title formerly given by the natives of Peru
to their kings and to the princes of the blood.
IN-CaGE', v. t. To confine in a cage ; to coop up ; to con-
fine to any narrow limits. Shak.
IN-€A'6ED, (in-kajd') pp. Cooped up ; confined to a cage or
to narrow limits.
* See Synopsis. S, E, I, O, tl, ■?, long.— FAR, FAIAj, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete.
INC 4
IN-€Aft'ING, ppr. Confining to a cage or to narrow limits.
IN-€a6E'MENT, n. Confinement in a cage.
IN-eAL'€U-LA-BLE, a. That cannot be calculated.
IN-€AL'eU-LA-BLY, adv. In a degree beyond calcula-
tion.
IN-CA-LES'CENCE, ) n. [L. incalescens.] A growing
IN-CA-LES'CEN-CY, ) warm j incipient or increasing
heat.
IN-€A-LES'IJENT, a. Growing warm ; increasing in heat.
IN-eAM-ER-A'TION, n. The act or process of uniting
lands, revenues or other rights to the pope's domain.
IN-€AN-DES'CENCE, n. f L. incandescens.] A white heat ;
or the glowing whiteness of a body caused by intense
heat.
IN €AN-DES'CENT a. White or glowing with heat.
IN-€AN-Ta'TION, n. [L. incantatio.] The act of enchant-
ing; enchantment; the act of ushig certain formulas of
words and ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits.
IN-€ANT'A-T0-RY, a. Dealing by enchantment ; magical.
tIN-€ANT'ING, a. Enchanting.
IN-€AN'TON, V. t. [in and caiiton.] To unite to a canton
or separate community. Addison.
IN-€A-PA-BIL'I-TY, or IN-€a'PA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The
quality of being incapable ; natural incapacity or want of
power. 2. Want of legal qualifications or of legal power.
IN-€a'PA-BLE, a. 1. Wanting capacity sufficient ; not
having room sufficient to contain or hold. 2. Wanting
natural power or capacity to learn, know, understand or
compreliend. 3. Not admitting ; not in a state to receive ;
not susceptible of. 4. Wanting power equal to any pur-
pose. 5. Wanting moral power or disposition. 6. Un-
qualified or disqualified, in a legal sense ; not having the
legal cr constitutional qualifications, — Incapable properly
denotes a want of passive power, the power of receiving,
ai.d is applicable particularly to the mind ; unable denotes
the want of active power or power of performing, and is
applicable to the body or the mind.
IN-€A-Pa'GIOUS, a. Not capacious ; not large or spacious ;
narrow ; of small content.
IN-€A-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, n. Narrowness; want of contain-
ing space.
IN-GA-PAC'I-TATE, v. t. 1. To deprive of capacity or
. natural power. 2. To render or make incapable. 3. To
' disable ; to weaken ; to deprive of competent power or
ability. 4. To render unfit. 5. To disqualify ; to deprive
of legal or constitutional requisites.
IN-€A-PAC-I-Ta'TION, 71. Want of capacity. Burke.
IN-GA-PAC'I-TY, n. 1. Want of capacity. 2. Want of
qualification or legal requisites ; inability. 3. Disqualifi-
cation ; disability by deprivation of power.
IN-GAR'CE-RATE, v. t. [L. incarcero.] 1. To imprison ; to
confine in a jail. 2. To confine ; to shut up or inclose.
IN-GAR CE-RATE, a. Imprisoned ; confined. More.
IN-€AR-CE-Ra'TION, n. The act of imprisoning or con-
fining ; imprisonment.
IN-GARN', V. t. [L. incarno.'] To cover with fiesh ; to invest
with flesh. Wiseman.
IN-GARN', V. i. To breed flesh. Wiseman.
IN-€ARN'A-DINE, a. [Fr. incarnadin.] Flesh-colored ; of
a carnation color ; pale red. Shak.
IN-€ARN'A-DINE, v. t. To dye red or flesh-color.'
IN-GARN'ATE, v. t. [Fr. incomer ; L. incarno.] To clothe
with flesh ; to imbody in flesh. Milton.
IN-€ARN'ATE, a. 1. Invested with flesh; imbodied in
flesh. — 2. In ScoJZajirf, of a red color ; flesh-colored.
IN-GARN-A'TION, n. 1. The act of clothing with flesh.
2. The act of assuming flesh, or of taking a human body
and the nature of man. — 3. In surgery, the process of
healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh.
IN-€ARN'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. incarnatif.] Causing new flesh
to grow ; healing. Kncyc.
IN-€ARN'A-TiVE, n. A medicine that tends to promote the
growth of new flesh, and assist nature in the healing of
wounds.
IN-€aSE', v. t. I. To inclose in a case. 2. To inclose; to
cover o*- surround with something solid. Pope.
IN-€aS'ED, (in-kasf) pp. Inclosed as in a case, sheath or
box.
IN-€aS'ING, ppr. Inclosing as in a case.
IN-CASK', v. t. To put into a cask. Sherwood.
IN-€AS'TEL-LA-TED, a. Confined or inclosed in a cas-
tle.
IN-€AT-E-Na'TION, 71. [L. catena.] The act of linking
together. Goldsmith.
IN-€AU'TIOyS, a. Not cautious ; unwary ; not ciicum-
spect ; heedless; not attending to the circumstances on
which safety and interest depend.
IN-CAU'TIOUS-LY, adv. Unwarily ; heedlessly ; without
due circumspection.
IN-€AU'TIOUS-NESS, n. Want of caution ; unwariness ;
want of foresight.
1N'€A-V A-TED, a. Made hollow ; bent round or in.
IN-€A-Va'TION, 71. 1. The act of making hollow. 2. A
hollow made.
) INC
IN-CEND', V. t. [L. incendo.] To inflame; to excite
Marston.
*IN-CEND'I-A-RY, 71. [L. incendiarius.} 1. A person who
maliciously sets fire to another man's dwelling-house, or
to any out-house, being parcel of the same, as a barn or
stable ; one who is guilty of arson. 2. Any person who
sets fire to a building. 3. A person who excites or in-
flames factions, and promotes quarrels. 4. He or that
which excites.
* IN-CEND'I-A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to the malicious burn-
ing of a dwelling. 2. Tending to excite or inflame fac-
tions, sedition or quarrels.
IN-CEND'I-OUS, a. Promoting faction or quarrel. Lord
Bacon.
IN'CENSE, (in'sens) 71. [Ij.incensum.] 1. Perfume exhaled
by fire ; the odors of spices and gums, burnt in religious
rites, or as an offisring to some deity. 2. The materials
burnt for making perfumes. 3. Acceptable prayers and
praises. — 4. In materia medica, a dry, resinous substance,
known by the name otthus and olibanum.
IN'CENSE, (in'sens) v. t. To perfume with incense.
IN-CENSE', (in-sense') v. t. To enkindle or inflame to vio-
lent anger ; to excite angry passions ; to provoke ; to irri-
tate ; to exasperate ; to heat ; to fire.
IN-CENS'ED, (in-sensf) pp. Inflamed to violent anger j
exasperated.
IN-CENSE'MENT, (in-sens'ment) n. Violent irritation of
the passions ; heat ; exasperation.
IN-CENS'ING, ppr. Inflaming to anger ; irritating,
IN-CEJ>7'SI0N, n. [L. incensio.] The act of kindling ; the
state of being on fire. Bacon.
IN-CENS'IVE, a. Tending to excite or provoke.
IN-CENS'OR, 7J. [L.] Akindlerofanger.
* IN-CENS'0-RY, 71. The vessel in which incense ia
burnt and offered. Ainsworth,
IN-CEN'TIVE, a. [Low L. incentivus.] Inciting ; encour-
aging or moving.
IN-CEN'TIVE, n. [Low L. incentivum.] 1. That which
kindles or inflames. 2. That which moves the mind, or
operates on the passions ; that which prompts to good or
ill ; motive ; spur.
IN-CEP'TION, 71. [L. inceptio.] Beginning.
IN-CEP'TIVE, a. [L. inceptivv^.] Beginning; noting be-
ginning.
IN-CEP'TOR, 71. A beginner ; one in the rudiments.
IN-CER-A'TION, 71. [L. incero.] The act of covering with
wax.
IN-CER'TAIN, a. Uncertain ; doubtful ; unsteady. Fairfax.
IN-CER'TAIN-LY, adv. Doubtfully.
IN-CER'TAIN-TY, n. Uncertainty ; doubt. Davies.
IN-CER'TI-TUDE, n. [L. incertitudo.] Uncertainty; doubt-
fulness ; doubt.
IN-CES'SA-BLE, a. Unceasing; continual. [Little used.]
Shelton.
IN-CES'SAN-CY, n. Unintermitted continuance ; unceas-
ingnesR. Dwight.
IN-CES'SANT, a. [L. in and cessans.] Unceasing ; unin-
termitted ; uninterrupted ; continual. Pope,
IN-CES'SANT-LY, adv. Without ceasing ; continually.
IN'CEST, n. [Fr. inceste ; L, incestum.] The crime of co-;
habitation or sexual commerce between persons related
within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by the
law of a country.
IN-CEST'U-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of incest. 2. Involving the
crime of incest.
IN-CEST U-OUS-LY, adv. In an incestuous manner; in
a manner to involve the crime of incest,
IN-CEST'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being
incestuous, Bp. Hall.
INCH, n. [Sax, ince.] 1. A lineal measure, being the
twelfth part of afoot, and equal to the length of three bar-
ley corns. 2. Proverbially, a small quantity or degree ;
as, to die by inches. 3. A precise point of time; [umc-
sual.]
INCH, v. t. 1. To drive by inches or small degrees ; [little
used.] Dry den. 2. To deal out by inches; to give spar-
ingly ; [little used.]
INCH, V. i. To advance or retire by small degrees. [Little
used.]^Johnson.
INCHED is added to words of ntimber ; as, four-inched.
Shak. But in America the common practice is to add only
inch ; as, a seven-inch cable.
t IN-CHaM'BER, v. t. [Fr. enchambrer.] To lodge in a
chamber.
IN-CHART-TA-BLE, a. Uncharitable.
IN-CHAS'TI-TY, n. [in and chastity.] Lewdness ; impuri-
ty ; unchastity. J. Edwards.
IN-CHEST', V. t. To put into a chest. Sherwood.
INCH'-MeAL, 71. A piece an inch long. Shak.
IN'€HO-ATE, v. t. [L. inchoo.] To begin. [L. «.] M<re.
IN'€H0-ATE, a. Began ; commenced. Raleigh.
IN'€HO-ATE-LY, adv. In an incipient degree.
IN-€HO-a'TION, 71. The act of beginning; commence-
ment ; inception. [Little used.] Hale.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B|JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as In thif. t Obsolete
INC
440
INC
!N-£ai(yA-TIVE, a. Noting beginning ; inceptive.
INCH'PIN, n. Some of the inside of a deer. Ainsworth.
t IN-CiDE', V. t. [L. incido.] To cut ; to separate ; as, med-
icines. Arbuthnot.
IN'CI-DENCE, 71. [L. inddejis.] 1. Literally, a falling on ;
whence, an accident or casualty. 2. The manner of fall-
ing on, or the direction In which one body falls on or
IN'CI-DENT, a. 1. Falling ; casual ; fortuitous ; coming
or happening occasionally. 2. Happening ; apt to hap-
pen. 3. Appertaining to or following the chief or prin-
cipal.
IN'CI-DENT, n. 1. That which falls out ; an event ; casu-
alty. 2. That which happens aside of the main design ;
an episode or subordinate action. Dry den.
IN-CI-DENT'AL, a. 1. Happening; coming without de-
sign 3 casual ; accidental. 2. Not necessary to the chief
purpose ; occasional. Rogers.
IN-CI-DENT'AL, n. An incident. [Little used.] Pope.
IN-CI-DENT'AL-LY, ado. 1. Casually 5 without inten-
tion ; accidentally. 2. Beside the main design ; occasion-
ally.
t IN'CI-DENT-LY, adv. Occasionally ; by the way.
IN-CIN'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. in and cinis.] To burn to ashes.
Bacon.
t IN-CIN'ER-ATE, a. Burnt to ashes. Bacon.
IN-CIN'ER-A-TED, pp. Burnt to ashes.
IN-CIN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Reducing to ashes.
IN-CIN-ER-a'TION, 71. The act of reducing to ashes.
IN-CIP'I-EN-CY, n. Beginning ; commencement.
IN-CIFI-SNT, a. [L. incipiens.] Beginning; commenc-
ing ; as, the incipient stage of a fever.
IN-CiR'€LET, n. A small circle. Sidney.
IN-CiR-€UM-SeRIP'TI-BLE, a. That cannot be circum-
scribed or limited. Cranmer.
IN-CiR-eUM-SPE€'TION, n. Want of circumspection.
IN-ClSE', V. t. [Fr. inciser.'] To cut in ; to carve.
IN-Cl$'ED, (in-sizd') a. [L. incis-us.'] Cut; made by cut-
ting. Wiseman.
IN-ClSE'LY, adv. In the manner of incisions.
IN-CIS'ION, 71. [Fr.; L. incisio.] 1. A cutting ; the act of
cutting into a substance. 2. A cut; a gash; the sepa-
ration of the surface of any substance made by a sharp
instrument. 3. Separation of viscid matter by medicines ;
[o&s.]
IN-Cl'SIVE, a. [Fr. incisif.'] Having the quality of cut-
ting or separating the superficial part of any thing.— /ii-
cisive teeth, in animals, are the fore teeth, the cutters.
IN-Ci'SOR, 71. [L.] A cutter; a fore tooth, which cuts,
bites or separates.
IN-Ci'SO-RY, a. Having the quality of cutting.
IN-CIS'URE, (in-slzh'ur) n. [L. incisura.] A cut ; a place
opened by cutting ; an incision. Derham.
IN-Cl'TANT, n. [from incite.] That which excites action
in an animal body. Darrein.
IN-CI-Ta TION, n. [L. incitatio.] 1. The act of inciting
or moving to action ; incitement. 9. Incitement ; incen-
tive ; motive ; that which excites to action ; that which
rouses or prompts.
IN-CFTE', V. t. [L. incito.] 1. To move the mind to action
by persuasion or motives presented ; to stir up ; to rouse ;
to spur on. 2. To move to action by impulse or influence.
3. To animate ; to encourage.
IN-ClT'ED, pp. Moved to action ; stirred up ; spurred on.
IN-ClTE'MENT, n. That which incites the mind, or moves
to action ; motive ; incentive ; impulse.
IN-ClT'ER, 71. He or that which incites or moves to ac-
tion.
IN-ClT'ING, ppr. Exciting to action ; stirring up.
IN-CIVIL, a. Uncivil ; rude ; un polite.
IN-CI-VIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. incivUite.] 1. Want of courtesy ;
rudeness of manners towards others ; impoliteness. TU-
lotson. 2. Any act of rudeness or ill-breeding.
IN-CrV ILr-LY, adv. Uncivilly; rudely.
IN-CIV'ISM, n. Want of civism ; want of love to one's
country, or of patriotism. Ames.
IN-€LASP', V. t. To clasp ; to hold fast. Cudworth.
IN'CLA-VA-TED, a. Set ; fast fixed. Diet.
IN'CLE, 71. A kind of tape made of linen yarn.
IN-€LEM'EN-CY, n. [Fr. inclemence ; L. inclementia.] 1.
Want of clemency ; want of mildness of temper ; unmer-
cifulness ; harshness ; severity. 2. Roughness ; bois-
terousness ; storminess ; or simply raininess ; severe
cold, &c.
IN-CLEM'ENT, a. 1. Destitute of a mild and kind tem-
per ; void of tenderness ; unmerciful ; severe ; harsh.
2. Rough ; stormy; boisterous; rainy; rigorously cold,
&c.
IN-€LlN'A-BLE, a [L. inclinabilis.] 1. Leaning ; tend-
ing. 2. Having a propension of will; leaning in disposi-
tion . somewhat disposed. Milton.
IN-€LTN'A-BLE-NESS, 71. Favorable disposition. Brady.
IN-€LI-Ni'TION, n. [Fr.; L. incUnatio.] 1. A leaning ;
any deviation of a body or line from an upright position.
or from a parallel line, towards another body ^2. In ge-
ometry, the angle made by two lines or planes that meet
3. A leaning of the mind or will ; propension or propen
sity ; a disposition more favorable to one thing than to an-
other. 4. Love ; affection ; regard ; desire. 5. Disposi-
tion of mind. 6. The dip of the magnetic needle, or its
tendency to incline towards the earth. 7. The act of de-
canting liquors by stooping or inclining the vessel.
* IN-€LiN'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. Obliquely; with inclina-
tion.
* IN-€LiN'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of leaning or
inclining,. Brown.
IN-€LlNE', V. i. [L. inclino.] 1. To lean ; to deviate from
an erect or parallel line toward any object ; to tend. 2.
To lean ; in a moral sense ; to have a propension ; to be
disposed ; to have some wish or desire. 3. To have an
appetite ; to be disposed.
IN-€LiNE', V. t. 1. To cause to deviate from an erect, per-
pendicular or parallel line ; to give a leaning to. 2. To
give a tendency or propension to the will or affections ;
to turn ; to dispose. 3. To bend ; to cause to stoop or
bow._
IN-€LiN'ED, (in-klind') pp. or a. Having a leaning or tenden-
cy ; disposed. — Inclined plane, in mechanics, is a plane that
makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon ; a
sloping plane.
IN-€LlN'ER, n. An inclined dial.
IN-CLlN'ING, ppr. Leaning; causing to lean.
IN-€LTN'ING, a. Leaning.
IN-CLIP', V. t. To grasp ; to inclose ; to surround.
IN-€LOIS'TER, v. t. To shut up in a cloister.
IN-€LoSE', w. t. [Fr. enclos.] 1. To surround; to shu«
in ; to confine on all sides. 2. To separate from common
grounds by a fence. 3. To include ; to shut or confine
4. To environ ; to encompass. 5. To cover with a wrap-
per or envelop ; to cover under seal.
IN-€LoS'ED, (in-klozd') pp. Surrounded ; encompassed ;
confined on ail sides ; covered and sealed ; fenced.
IN-€LoS'ER, 71. He or that which incloses ; one who sep-
arates land from common grounds by a fence.
IN-€LoS'ING, ppr. Surrounding ; encompassing ; shutting
in ; covering and confining.
IN-€LoS'URE, (in-klo'zhur) 71. 1. The act of inclosing. 9
T!ie separation of land from common ground into distinct
possessions by a fence. 3. The appropriation of thingp
common. 4. State of being inclosed, shut up or encom
passed. Ray. 5. A space inclosed or fenced. 6. Ground
inclosed or separated from common land. 7. That which
is inclosed or contained in an envelop, as a paper. Wash
ington.
IN-€LOUD', V. t. To darken ; to obscure. Shak.
IN-€LOUD'ED, pp. Involved in obscurity.
IN-€LOUD'ING, p;?r. Darkening; obscuring.
IN-€LuDE', V. t. [L. includo.] 1. To confine within ; U
hold ; to contain. 2. To comprise ; to comprehend ; tr
contain.
IN-CLuD'ED, pp. Contained ; comprehended.
IN-€LuD'ING, 'ppr. Containing ; comprising.
IN-€Lu'SION, n. [L. inclusio.] The act of including.
IN-€LU'SIVE, a. jFr. inclusif.] I. Inclosing ; encircling
2. Comprehended in the number or sum.
IN-€Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. Comprehending the thing mention
ed ; as, from Monday to Saturday inclusively.
t IN-€0-A€T'ED | "' [^- i^coactus.] Unrestrained.
IN-eO-AG'U-LA-BLE, a. That cannot be coagulated.
IN-eO-ER'CI-BLE, a. Not to be coerced or compelled ; that
cannot be forced. Black.
IN-€0-EX-IST'ENCE, n. A not existing together.
IN-COG', adv. [contracted from incognito.] In conceal-
ment ; in disguise ; in a manner not to be known.
t IN-€06'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. incogitabilis.] Unthought of
Dean K^ing.
IN-€06'I-TAN-CY,7i. [1j. incogitantia.] Want of thought,
or want of the power of thinking. Decay of Piety.
IN-€06'I-TANT, a. Not thinking ; thoughtless.
IN-€0G'I-TANT-LY, adv. Without consideration.
IN-€0G'I-TA-TIVE, a. Not thinking ; wanting the power
of thought.
IN-€OG'NI-TO, adv. [L. incognitus.] In concealment ; in
a disguise of the real person.
IN-€0GN'I-ZA-BLE, (in-kog'ne-za-bl, or in-kon'e-za-bl)
a. Thatcannot be recognized, known or distinguished.
IN-€0-Hk'RENCE, ^71. I. Want of coherence; want of
IN-€0-He'REN-CY, \ cohesion or adherence ; looseness
or unconnected state of parts, as of a powder. 2. Want
of connection ; incongruity ; inconsistency ; wantof agree
ment or dependence of one part on another. 3. Inconsist-
ency ; that which dees not agree with other parts of the
same thmg.
IN-€0-Hk'RENT, a. 1. Wanting cohesion ; loose ; uncon-
nected ; not fixed to each other. 9. Wanting coherence
or agreement ; incongruous ; inconsistent ; having no de-
pendence of one part on another.
• Set Synopsis. 5, E,I, 0, tr, Y, long.—FA.U, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
INC
441
INC
lN€0-HE'RENT-LY,adc. Inconsistently; without cohe-
rence of parts.
IN-fJO-IN'CI-DENCE, n. Want of coincidence.
IN-eO-IN'CI-DENT, a. Not coincident.
IN-€0-Lu'MI-TY, n. [L. incolumita>>.'\ Safety.
IN-€OM-BlNE', ». i. To differ. {IllforviedA Milton
IN-€OM-BUST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inca-
pable of being burnt or consumed. Ray.
IN-€OM-BLrST'I-BLE, a. Not to be burnt, decomposed or
consumed by fire.
IN-€OM-BUST'I-BLE-NESS, n. Incombustibility,
1N'€6ME, (in'kum) n. \in and come.] 1. That gain which
proceeds from labor, business or property of any kind ; the
produce of a farm ; the rent of houses ; the proceeds of
professional business ; the profits of commerce or of occu-
pation ; the interest of money or stock in funds.— /ncowie
is often used synonymously with revenue, but income is
more generally applied to the gain of private persons, and
revenue to that of a sovereign or of a state. We speak of
the annual income cf a gentleman, and the annual revenue
of the state. 2. A coming in ; admission ; introduction ;
[not in use.]
IN'GOM-ING, a. Coming in. Burke.
IN'eOM-ING, n. Income ; gain. Tooke.
*IN-€OM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Tlie quality or state
of a thing, when it has no common measure with another
thing.
* IN-eOM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. Having no common meas-
ure.
* IN-COM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. 1. Not admitting of a com-
mon measure. 2. Not of equal measure or extent ; not
adequate.
*IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RATE-LY, adv. Not in equal or due
measure or proportion. Cheyne.
IN-€OM-MIS'CI-BLE, a. [in and commix.] That cannot Ite
commixed or mutually mixed.
IN-€OM-MIXT'LTRE, n. A state of being unmixed.
t IN-eOM'MO-DATE, v. t. To incommode.
IN-COM-MO-Da'TION, n. Inconvenience. AnnoU on Olan-
viUe.
IN-€OM-MoDE', v. t. [L. incommodo.] To give inconven-
ience to ; to give trouble to ; to disturb or molest.
IN-€OM-MoD'ED, pp. Put to inconvenience.
t IN-€OM-MoDE'MENT, n. Inconvenience. Cheyne.
IN-€OM-MoD'ING, ppr. Subjecting to trouble.
* IN-COM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. [L. incommodus.] Inconvenient;
not affording ease or advantage ; unsuitable ; giving trou-
ble, without much injury.
*IN-€OM-MO'DI-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to create in-
convenience ; inconveniently ; unsuitably.
*IN-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS-NESS,m. Inconvenience; unsuita-
bleness.
IN-€OM-MOD I-TY, ti. [Fr. incommodite ; L. incommodi-
tas.] Inconvenience ; trouble. [Little used.] Bacon.
IN-€OM-MU-NI-€A-BIL'I-TY, or IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-
BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not being communica-
ble.
IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, a. That cannot be communicat-
ed or imparted to others.
IN-€OM~Mu'NI-eA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be im-
parted or communicated . Hakewill.
IN-€OM-Mu NI-€A-TED, a. Not imparted.
IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TING, a. Having no communion or in-
tercourse with each other. Hale.
IN-€OM-MU'NI-€A-TlVE, a. 1. Not communicative. 2.
Not disposed to hold communion, fellowship or intercourse
with. Buchanan.
IN-€OM-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, or IN-€OM-Mu'TA-BLE-
NESS, 71. The quality of being incommutable.
lN-€OM-Mu'TA-BLE, a. Not to be exchanged or commut-
ed with another.
IN-€OM-Mu'TA-BLY, adv. Without reciprocal change.
IN-€OM-PA€T', ) a. Not compact; not having the
IN-€OM-PA€T'ED, \ parts firmly united ; not solid.
IN-eOM'PA-RA-BLE, a. That admits of no comparison
with others.
IN-€OM'PA-RA-BLE-NESS, n. Excellence beyond com-
parison.
IN-€OM'PA-RA-BLY, adv. Beyond comparison ; without
competition.
IN-€OM-PAR'ED, (in-kom-pard') a. Not matched ; peer-
less. Spenser.
t IN-€OM-PAS'SION, n. Want of compassion or pity.
IN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Void of compassion or pity ;
destitute of tenderness. Johnson.
rN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. Without pity.
IN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. Want of pity.
IN-€OM-PAT-I-BIL I-TY, n. I. Inconsistency; that qual-
ity or state of a thing which renders it impossible that it
should subsist or be consistent with something else. 2.
Irreconcilable disagreement.
IN-€0M-PAT'I-BLE, a. [Fr. It was formerly incom-
petible.] 1. Inconsistent ; that cannot subsist with
somethmg else. 2. Irreconcilably different or disagree-
ing; incongruous. 3. Legally or constitution ally incon
sistent ; that cannot be united in the same person, with
out violating the law or constitution.
IN-€OM-PAT'I-BLY, adv. Inconsistently.
IN-€OMTE-TENCE, (n. [Fi. incompetence.! 1 Inabili-
IN-eOM'PE-TEN-CY, \ ty ; want of sufficient intellec-
tual powers or talents. 2. Want of natural adequate
strength of body, or of suitable faculties. 3. Want of le-
gal or constitutional qualifications. 4. Want of adequate
means. 5. Insufficiency ; inadequacy.
IN-€OM'PE-TENT, a. [Fr. ; L. in and competens.] 1
Wanting adequate powers of mind or suitable faculties.
2. Wanting due strength or suitable faculties; unable
3. Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications. 4
Destitute of means ; unable. 5. Inadequate ; insuffi-
cient. 6. Unfit ; improper ; legally unavailable.
IN-€OM'PE-TENT-LY, adv. Insuflaciently ; inadequately
not suitably.
IN-€OM-PLeTE', a. [in and complete.] 1. Not finished
2. Imperfect ; defective.
IN-€OM-PLeTE'LY, adv. Imperfectly.
IN-€OM-PLeTE'NESS, n. An unfinished state ; imper-
fectness ; defectiveness.
IN-€OM-PLEX', a. Not complex ; uncorapounded ; sim
pie.
IN-€OM-PLi'ANCE, n. 1. Defect of compliance ; refusal
to comply with solicitations. 2. Untractableness ; un-
yielding temper or constitution. Tiliotson.
IN-€OM-PLi'ANT, a. Unyielding to request or solicita-
tion ; not disposed to comply.
IN-€OM-PoS'ED, (in-koni-pozd') a. Disordered ; disturbed
IN-€OM'PO-SiTE, (in-kom'po-zit) a. Uncompounded ,
simple.
IN-€OM-POS-SI-BIL'I-T Y, n. The quality of not being pos
sible but by the negation or destruction of something ; in
consistency with something. [Little used.]
IN-€0M-P0S'SI-BLE, a. Not possible to be or subsist with
something else. [Little used.]
IN-€OM-PRE-HEN-SI-BlL'I-TY, n. The quality of bein?
incomprehensible ; inconceivableness. Campbell.
IN-€OM-PRE-HENSI-BLE, a. [Fr.] I. That cannot be
comprehended or understood ; luat is beyond the reach a
human intellect ; inconceivable. 2. Not to be container
IN-€OM-PRE-HENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Incomprehensibility
IN-€OM-PRE-HENS'I-BLY, adv. Inconceivably.
IN-eOM-PRE-HEN'SION, n. Warn of comprehension.
IN-€OM-PRE-HENS'IVE, a. Not comprehensive.
IN-€OM-PRESS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of resisting
compression.
IN-€OM-PRESS'I-BI,E, a. Not to be compressed ; not ca
palile of being reduced by force into a smaller compass
resisting compression.
IN-€ON-CeAL'A-BLE, a. Not concealable ; not to be hii*
or kept secret. Brown.
IN-€ON-CeIV'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be conceived b*
the mind ; incomprehensible. 2. That cannot be under
stood.
IN-€ON-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in
conceivable ; incomprehensibility.
1N-€0N-CeIV'A-BLY, adv. In a manner beyond compr&
hension, or beyond the reach of human intellect.
IN-€0N-CEP'TI-BLE, a. Inconceivable. [L. u.] Hale.
IN-€0N-CIN'NI-TY, n. [L. inconcinnitas.] Unsuitable
ness; want of proportion. More.
IN-€ON-€LuD'ENT, a [L. in and concludens.] Not infer
ring a conclusion or consequence. [Little used.] Ayliffe.
IN-€ON-€LuD'ING, a. Inferring no consequence.
IN-€ON-€Lu'SIVE, a. Not producing a conclusion; no*
closing, concluding or setthng a point in debate or 9
doubtful question.
IN-€ON-€Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. Without such evidence ar
to determine the understanding in regard to truth or falst
hood.
IN-€ON-€LtJ'SIVE-NESS, n. Want of such evidence a/
to satisfy the mind of truth or falsehood.
IN-€ON-€0€T', a. Inconcocted.
IN-€ON-€OeT'ED, a. Not fully digested ; not matured .
unripened. Bacon.
IN-€ON-€0€'TION, n. The state of being indigested ; ub
ripeness ; immaturity. Bacon.
IN-€ON-€UR'RING, a. Not concurring ; not agreeing.
IN-€ON-€US'SI-BLE, a. That cannot be shaken.
IN-€ON-DEN-SA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being no»
condensable.
IN-€ON-DENS'A-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of condensatiop
that cannot be made more dense or compact. 2. Not to
be converted from a state of vapor to a fluid.
* IN-€ON'DITE, a. [L. inconditus.] Rude ; unpolished ; ir-
regular. [Littleused.] Philips.
t IN-€ON-DI"TION-AL, a. Without any condition, ex-
ception or limitation ; absolute. See UrfcoNDixioNAL.
t IN-€ON-DI"TION-ATE, a. Not limited or restrained bv
conditions; absolute.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE— € asK;6aeJ;Sa3Z;CHasSH;THasin thi». f Obsolete
INC
442
INC
f rN-€ON. FiRM'BD, (in-kon-furmd') for unconfirmed.
[N-€ON-FORM'A-BLE, a. Wot conformable. Heylin.
IN-eON-FORM'I-TY, n. Want of conformity ; non-con-
formity. [The latter word is more commonly used,]
IN-eOW-FuS'ED, (in-kon-fuzd') a. Not confused ; distinct.
Bacon,
rN-€ON-Fu'SION, «. Distinctness. Bacon.
1N-€ON-6e'LA-BLE, a. Not to be frozen. Cockeram.
fN-€ON-6E'NlAL, a. Not congenial ; not of a like nature ;
unsuitable.
IN-€0N-6E-NI-AL'I-TY, n. Unlikeness of nature ; unsuit-
ableness.
rN-€ON'GRU-ENCE, n. Want of congruence, adaptation
or agreement ; unsuitableness. [Little used.] Boyle.
IN-€ON'GRU-ENT, a. Unsuitable ; inconsistent.
FN-€ON-GRu'I-TY, n. 1. Want of congruity; improprie-
ty ; inconsistency ; absurdity ; unsuitableness of one thing
to another. 2. Disagreement of parts ; want of symme-
try.
fN-€ON'GRU-OUS, a. [L. incongrtius.'} Not congruous;
unsuitable ; not fitting ; inconsistent ; improper.
rN-€ON'GRU-OUS-LY, adv. Unsuitably ; unfitly.
fN-eON-NEC'TION, n. Want of connection; loose, dis-
jointed state, Bp. Hall.
t IN-€ON-NEX'ED-LYi, adv. Without any connection or
dGDcndcncG
IN-€ON'SCldN-A-BLE, a. Having no sense of good and
evil. Spenser.
IN-€ON'SE-aUENCE, n. [L. inconsequentia.] Want of
just inference ; inconclusiveness.
IN-€ON'SE-aUENT, a. Not following from the premises ;
without regular inference. Brown.
IN-CON-SE-aUEN'TIAL, a. 1. Not regularly following
from the premises. 2. Not of consequence ; not of im-
portance ; of little moment.
IN-eON-SID'ER-A-BLE, a. Not worthy of consideration
or notice ; unimportant ; small ; trivial.
rN-€ON-SID'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Small importance,
IN-€ON-SID'ER-A-PLY, adv. In a small degree ; to a small
amount ; very little
IN-€ON-SID'ER-A-CY,n. Thoughtlessness ; want of con-
sideration. [Unusual.] Chesterfield.
IN-€ON-SlD'ER-ATE, a. [L. incoiisideratus.] I. Not
considerate ; not attending to the circumstances which
regard safety or propriety; hasty; rash; imprudent;
careless ; thoughtless ; heedless ; inattentive. 2, Proceed-
m^ from heedlessness ; rash. 3. Not duly regarding.
IN-eON-SID'ER-ATE-LY, adv. Without due consideration
or regard to consequences ; heedlessly ; carelessly ; rashly ;
imprudently.
rN-€ON-SID'ER-ATE-NESS, a. Want of due regard to
consequences; carelessness; thoughtlessness; inadvert-
ence ; inattention ; imprudence.
IN-eON-SID-ER-A'TION, n. Want of due consideration ;
waiit of thought ; inattention to consequences.
IN-eON-SIST'ENCE, ) n. 1. Such opposition or disagree-
IN-€ON-SIST'EN-CY, ^ ment as that one proposition
infers the negation of the other; such contrariety be-
tween things that both cannot subsist together.* ,2. Ab-
surdity in argument or narration ; argument or narrative
where one part destroys the other ; self-contradiction. 3.
Incongruity ; want of agreement or uniformity. 4. Un-
steadiness ; changeableness,
IN-€ON-SIST'ENT, a. 1. Incompatible ; incongruous ; not
suitable. 2. Not consistent ; contrary, or so that the truth
of one proves the other to be false. 3. Not uniform ; be-
ing contrary at different times.
IN-€ON-SIST'ENT-LY, adv. With absurdity ; incongru-
ously ; with self-contradiction ; without steadiness or
uniformity.
t IN-eON-SIST'ENT-NESS, n. Inconsistency. More.
f- IN-€ON-SIST'ING, a. Inconsistent. Dryden.
\ IN-€ON-SoL'A-BLE, a. Not to be consoled ; grieved be-
yond susceptibility of comfort.
IN-€ON-SoL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that does
not adnnt of consolation.
IN-€ON'SO-NANCE, n. Disagreement of sounds ; discord-
ance. Bushy.
IN-CON'SO-NAN-CY, n. Disagreement ; inconsistency. — In
music, disagreement of sounds ; discordance.
IN-€ONSO-NANT, a. Not agreeing ; inconsistent ; discord-
ant.
IN-eON-SPIG'U-OUS, a. 1. Not discernible; not to be
perceived by the sight. 2. Not conspicuous.
IN-€ON'STAN-CY, n. [L. inconstantia.] 1. Mutability or
instability of temper or affection ; unsteadiness ; fickle-
ness. 2. Want of uniformity ; dissimilitude.
IN-eON'STANT, a. [L. inconstans.] 1. Mutable ; subject
to change of opinion, inclination or purpose ; not firm in
resolution ; unsteady ; fickle. 2. Mutable ; changeable ;
variable.
l]S-€ON'STANT-LY, adv. In an inconstant manner,
lN-€ON-SuM'A-BLE, a. Not to be consumed ; that cannot
be wasted.
IN-€ON-SUM'MATE, a. Not consummate ; not finished ,
not complete,
IN-€ON-SUM MATE-WESS, n. State of being incomplete.
t IN-€ON-SUMP'TI-BLE, a. 1. Not to be spent, wasted or
destroyed by fire. Dighy. 2. Not to be destroyed.
tIN-€ON-^TAM'I-NATE,a. Not contaminated; not adul-
terated,
IN-€ON-TEST'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not contestable ; not to
be disputed ; not admitting debate ; too clear to be contro-
verted ; incontrovertible,
IN-€ON-TEST'A-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude de-
bate ; indisputably ; incontrovertibly ; indubitably.
IN-eON-TIG'U-OUS, a. Not contiguous; not adjoining;
not touching ; separate, Boyle.
IN-€ON'TI-NENCE, ) n. [L, incontinentia.'] 1. Want of
IN-€ON'TI-NEN-CY, \ restraint of the passions or appe-
tites, 2. Want of restraint of the sexual appetite ; free
or illegal indulgence of lust ; lewdness ; used of either
sex, but appropriately of trie male sex. Incontinence in
men is the same as unchastity in women. — 3, Among phy-
siciansy the inability of any of the animal organs to re-
strain discharges of their contents, so that the discharges
are involuntary,
IN-€ON'TI-NENT, a. [L, incontinens.] Not restraining
the passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite ;
unchaste ; lewd, 2, Unable to restrain discharges,— In
the senSe of immediate, or immediately, [obs.]
IN-€ON'TI-NENT, n. One who is unchaste. B. Jonson.
IN-€ON'TI-NENT-LY, adw. 1. Without due restraint of the
passions or appetites ; unchastely. 2. Immediately ; [obs.]
IN-€ON-TRA€T'ED, a. Not contracted ; not shortened,
IN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. Not to be controlled ; that can-
not be restrained or governed ; uncontrollable,
IN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of
no control,
IN-€ON-TRO-VERT'I-BLE, a. Indisputable ; too clear or
certain to admit of dispute.
IN-€ON-TRO-VERT'I-BLY, adij. In a manner or to a de-
gree that precludes debate or controversy.
IN-€ON-Ve'NI-ENCE, ; n. [L, inconvenicns.] 1. Unfit
IN-€ON-Ve'NI-EN-CY, \ ness ; unsuitableness ; inexpe-
dience, 2. That which gives trouble or uneasiness ; dis-
advantage ; any thing that disturbs quiet, impedes pros-
perity, or jncreases the difficulty of action or success. •
IN-€ON-VE'NI-ENCE,t). t. To trouble ; to put to incon-
venience,
IN-€ON-Ve'NI-ENT, a. [Fr,] 1, Incommodious ; unsuit-
able ; disadvantageous ; giving trouble or uneasiness ;
increasing the difficulty of progress or success, 2. Unfit ;
unsuitable,
IN-€ON-VE'NI-ENT-LY, adv. Unsuitably; incommodi-
ously ; in a manner to give trouble ; unseasonably,
IN-€ON-VERS'A-BLE, a. Not inclined to free conversa-
tion ; incommunicative ; unsocial ; reserved.
IN-eON'VERS-ANT, a. Not conversant ; not familiar,
IN-CON- VERT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not bein^
changeable or convertible into something else, Walsh.
IN-€ON-VERT'I-BLE, a. Not convertible ; that cannot be
transmuted or changed into something else,
IN-€ON-VIN'CI-BLE, a. Not convincible ; that cannot be
convinced ; not capable of conviction.
IN-eON-VIN'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner not admitting of
conviction.
IN-€o'NY, a. or n. [qu. in, and con, to know.] Unlearned ;
artless ; an accomplished person, in contempt. [III.]
Shak.
IN-€OR'PO-RAL, a. Not consisting of matter or body ;
immaterial. Raleigh.
IN-€OR-PO-RAL'I-TY, n. The quality of not consisting
of matter ; immateriality,
IN-€OR'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Without matter or a body ; im-
materially,
IN-€OR'PO-RATE, a. 1. Not consisting of matter ; not hav-
ing a material body ; [little used.] 2. Mixed ; united in
one body ; associated,
IN-€OR'PO-RATE, v. t.JFr. incorporer ; L, incorporo.] 1.
In pharmacy, to mix different ingredients in one mass or
body ; to reduce dry substances to the consistence of paste
by the admixture of a fluid, as in making pills, &c, 2.
To mix and imbody one substance in another, 3. To
unite ; to blend ; to work into another mass or body, 4.
To unite ; to associate in another government or empire.
5. To imbody ; to give a material form to, 6, To form
into a legal body, or body politic,
IN-€OR'PO-RATE, v. i. To unite so as to make a part of
another body ; to be mixed or blended ; to grow into,
IN-€OR'PO-RA-TED, jjj». Mixed or united in one body;
associated in the same political body ; united in a legal
body,
IN-€OR'PO-RA-TING,ppr, Mixing or uniting in one body
or mass ; associating in the same political body ; forming
a legal body,
IN-€OR-PO-Ra'TION, n. 1, The act of incorporating, 2.
Union of different ingredients in one mass, 3, Association
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tJ, Y, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
INC
443
INC
In the same political body. 4. Formation of a legal
or political body by the union of indimduals, constituting
an artificjal person.
IN-COR-PO'RE-AL, a. [L. incorporalis.] Not consisting
of matter 5 not having a material body ; immaterial.
IN-€OR-Po'RE-AL-LY, adv. Without body ; immaterially.
Bacon . _
IN-eOR-PO-RE'I-TY, n. The quality of being not material ;
immateriality.
IN-€ORPSE', (in-korps') v. t. To incorporate. [Barharous.']
IN-€OR-RE€T', a. 1. Not correct ; not exact ; not according
to a copy or model, or to established rules ; inaccurate ;
faulty. 2. Not according to truth j inaccurate. 3. Not
according to law or morality.
IN-€OR-RE€'TION, n. Want of correction. Amway.
IN-€OR-RE€T'LY, adv. Not in accordance with truth or
other standard ; inaccurately 5 not exactly.
IN-eOR-RECT'NESS, re. Want of conformity to truth or
to a standard ; inaccuracy.
IN-€OR'RI-6l-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be corrected or
amended ; bad beyond correction. 2. Too depraved to
be corrected or reformed.
IN-€0R'RI-6I-BLE-NESS, or IN-€OR-RI-6l-BIL'I-TY, n.
The quality of being bad, erroneous or depraved beyond cor-
rection ; hopeless depravity in persons and error in things.
IN-€OR'RI-GI-BLY, adv. To a degree of depravity beyond
all means of amendment. Roscommon.
IN-€OR-RUPT', \ a. [L. incomiptus.] Not corrupt ; not
IN-€OR-RUPT'ED, \ marred, impaired or spoiled ; not
defiled or depraved ; pure ; sound ; untainted.
IN-€OR-RUPT-I-BIL'l-TY,?i. The quality of being inca-
pable of decay or corruption.
IN-€OR-RUPT'I-BLE, a. 1. That cannot corrupt or decay ;
not admitting of corruption. 2. That cannot be bribed ;
inflexiblyjust and upright,
IN-€OR-RUPT'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in-
corruptible, or not liable to decay. Boyle.
IN-€OR-RUFTION, n. Incapacity of being comipted.
IN-€OR-RUP'TIVE, a. Not liable to corruption.
IN-€OR-RUPT'NESS, n. 1. Exemption from decay or cor-
ruption. 2. Purity of mind or manners ; probity ; integ-
rity ; honesty.
IN-eRAS'SATE, v. t. [L. incrassatus.} 1, To make thick
or thicker 5 to thicken ; the contrary to attenuate. — 2. In
pharmacy, to make fluids thicker by the mixture of other
substances less fluid, or by evaporating the thinner parts.
IN-€RAS'SATE, v. i. To become thick or thicker.
IN-eRAS'SATE, ) a. 1. In botany, thickened or becom-
IN-€RAS'SA-TED, \ ing thicker towards the flower. 2.
Fattened.
IN-eRAS'SA-TED, pf. Made thick or thicker.
IN-€RAS'SA-TINCx, ppr. Rendering thick or thicker j
growing thicker.
IN-€RAS-Sa'TION, 71.^ The act of thickening, or state of
becoming thick or thicker. Brown.
IN-€RAS'SA-TlVE, a. Having the qualitv of thickening.
IN-€RAS'SA-TlVE, n. That which has the power to thick-
en. Harvey.
[N-CReAS'A-BLE, a. That may be increased. Sherwood.
IN-€RkASE', v. i. [L. incresco.] I. To become greater in
bulk or quantity ; to grow ; to augment ; as plants : to be-
come more in number ; to advance in value, or in any
quality, good or bad. 2. To become more violent. 3. To
become more bright or vivid. 4. To swell; to rise. 5.
To swell ; to become louder, as sound. 6. To become of
more esteem and authority. 7. To enlarge, as the enlight-
ened part of the moon's disk.
IN-€Rii:ASE', v. t. 1. To augment or make greater in bulk,
quantity or amount. 2. To advance in quality ; to add to
any quality or affection. 3. To extend ; to lengthen. 4.
To extend ; to spread. 5. To aggravate.
IN-€ReASE', 71. 1. Augmentation; a growing larger ; ex-
tension. 2. Increment ; profit ; interest ; that which is
added to the original stock. 3. Produce, as of land. 4.
Progeny ; issue ; offspring. 5. Generation. 6. The
waxing of the moon ; the augmentation of the luminous
part of the moon, presented to the inhabitants of the earth.
7. Augmentation of strength or violence. 8. Augmenta-
tion of degree.
IN-eREASED, {m-kteesti)pp. Augmented ; made or grown
larger.
IN-€ReASE'FUL, a. Abundant of produce. SJiak.
IN-€Re AS'ERJ n. He or that which increases.
JN-€ReAS'ING, ppr. Growing; becoming larger ; advanc-
ing in any quality, good or bad.
ENJil:t?Sb, h- Uncreated, which see
IN €RED-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. incredibilite.] The quality
of surpassing belief, or of being too extraordinary to ad-
mit of belief.
IN-€RED'I-BLE, a. [L. incredibilis.] That cannot be
believed ; not to be credited 3 too extraordinary and im-
probable to admit of belief.
IN-eRED'I-BLE-NESS, n. Incredibility, which see.
IN-€RED'I-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude belief
IN-€RE-DU'LI-TY, n. [Fr. incredulite.] The quality of nof
believing ; indisposition to believe : a withholding or »
fusal of belief
IN-€RED'U-LOUS, a. [L. > acredulus.] Not believing ,
indisposed to admit the truth of what is related ; refusinif
or withholding belief.
IN-€RED'U-LOUS-NESS, n. Incredulity, which see.
t IN-eREM'A-BLE, a. That cannot be burnt.
IN'€RE-MENT, n. [L. incrementum.] 1. Increase ; a grow
ing in bulk, quantity, number, value or amount ; augmeu
tation. 2. Produce ; production. 3. Matter added ; ii;
crease. — 4. In mathematics, the quantity by which a
variable quantity increases ; a differential quantity.
t IN'CRE-PATE, V. t. [L. increpo.] To chide ; to rebuke
IN-€RE-Pa'TION, n. [It. mcrepazione.] A chiding or r»
buking ; rebuke ; reprehension. Hammond.
IN-€RES'CENT, a. [L. increscens.} Increasing ; growing;
augmenting ; swellmg.
IN-€RIM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. in and criminor.] To accuse ;
to charge with a crime or fault,
t IN-€RU-ENT'AL, a. [L. incruerUus.] Unbloody; not
attended with blood.
IN-eRUST', V. t. [L. incrusto.'] To cover with a crust or
with a hard coat ; to form a crust on the surface of any
IN-€RUST*ATE, v. t. To incrust.
IN-CRUST-A'TION, n. [L. incrustatio.] 1. A crust or
rough coat of any thing on the surface of a body. 2. A
covering or lining of marble or other stone.
IN-CRYS TAL-IZ-A-BLE, a. That will not crystalize ; tha»
cannot be formed into crystals.
IN'€U-BATE, V. i. [L. incubo.] To sit, as on eggs for
hatching,
IN-€U-Ba'TION, n. [L. incubatio.] The act of sitting oi»
eggs for the purpose of hatching young. Ray.
tIN-€u'BA-TURE, 71. Incubation.
IN'€U-BUS, 71. [L.] 1. The nightmare; an oppression of the
breast in sleep, or sense of weight, with an almost totaV
loss of the power of moving the body, while the imagina
tion is frightened or astonished. 2. A demon ; an im
aginary being or fairy.
IN-€UL€'ATE, v. t. [L. inculco.] To impress by frequent!
admonitions ; to teach and enforce by frequent repetitions ;
to urge on the mind.
IN-€UL€'A-TED, pp. Impressed or enforced by frequent
admonitions,
IN-€UL€'A-TING,pfr. Impressing or enforcing byrepeaN
ed instruction.
IN-€UL€-A'TION, n. The action of impressing by repeateo
admonitions.
IN-€ULP'A-BLE, a. Without fault ; unblamable ; that can
not be accused. South.
IN-eULP'A-BLE-NESS, n. Unblamableness. Mountagu.
IN-€ULP'A-BLY, adv. Unblamably ; without blame.
IN-€ULT', a. [L. incultu^.] Untilled ; uncultivated.
IN-eUL'TI-VA-TED, a. Not cultivated ; uncultivat«d.
IN-€UL-TI-Va'TION, n. Neglect or want of cultivation.
IN-€ULT'URE, n. Want or neglect of cultivation.
IN-€UM'BEN-CY, n. 1. A lying or resting on something.
2. The state of holding or being in possession of a bene-
fice, or of an office.
IN-€UM'BENT, a. [L, incumbens.'^ 1. Lying or resting on
2. Supported; buoyed up. 3 Leaning on, or resting
against. 4. Lying on, as duty or obligation ; imposed
and emphatically urging or pressing to performance ; in
dispensable,
IN-€UM'BENT, n. The person who is in present posses
sion of a benefice, or of any office.
IN-€UM'BER, V. t. [Fr. encombrer.} To burden with a
load ; to embarrass. See Encumber, and its derivatives.
IN-€UM'BRANCE, n. 1. A burdensome and troublesomw
load ; any thing that impedes motion or action, or renders
it difficult or laborious ; clog ; impediment ; embarrass-
ment. 2. A legal claim on the estate of another.
IN-€UM'BRAN-CER, n. One who has an incumbrance, Of
some legal claim on an estate. Kent.
flN-eUM'BROUS, a. Cumbersome ; troublesome. Chaucer
IN-€UR' V. t. [L. incurro.'] 1. To become liable to ; to
become subject to 2. To bring on. 3. To occur; to
meet ; to press on ; [oJs.l
IN-€U-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. incur aUlite.'] The state of
being incurable ; impossibility of cure ; itsusceptibility
of cure or remedy.
IN-€uR'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be cured ; not admit-
ting of cure ; beyond the power of skill or medicine. 2.
Not admitting remedy or correction ; irremediable ; rem-
ediless.
IN-€uR'A-BLE, n. A person diseased beyond the reach of
cure.
IN-€uR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not admitting cure
or remedy.
IN-€UR'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that renders
cure impracticable.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE j— BJJLL, UNITE C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAis. t Obsolete
IND
444
INI>
IN-€U-RI-OS'I-TY, «. Want of curiosity j inattentiveness ;
indifference. Wotton.
IN-CU'RI-OUS, a. Destitute of curiosity j not curious or
inquisitive^ inattentive. Swift.
IN-CC'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Without incHrisitiveness. Bp.
Hall.
IN-€0'RI-OUS-NESS, to. Want of curiosity or inquisitive-
neas. Chesterfield.
IN-€UR'RED, (iu-kurrd') pp. Brought on.
IN-eUR'RING, ppr. Becoming subject or liable to ; bring-
ing on.
lN-€UR'SION, 71. [Fr. incursion; L. incursio.] 1. An
entering into a territory vi^ith hostile intention ; an inroad ;
applied to the expeditions of small parties or detachments
of an enemy's army, entering a territory for attack, plun-
der or destruction of a post or magazine. Hence it
differs from invasion, which is the hostile entrance of an
army for conquest. 2. Attack ; occurrence ; unusual.
South
IN-€ URV ATE, r. «. [L. incurvo.] To bend ; to crook ; to
turn from a right line or straight course.
IN-eURV'ATE, a. Cui^ed inwards or upwards.
IN-€URV'A-TED,Ki. Bent; turned from a rectilinear di-
rection.
IN-€URV'A-TING, ppr. Bending ; turning from a right
line.
IN-eURV-A'TION, TO. 1. The act of bending. 2. The
state of being bent, or turned from a rectilinear course ;
curvily ; crookedness. 3. The act of bowing, or bend-
ing the body in respect or reverence.
IN-€UR VE', (in-kurv') v. t. To bend ; to make crooked.
IN-€UiiV'I-TY, TO. A state of being bent or crooked ; crook-
edness ; a bending inward. Brown.
t IN'DA-GATE, v. t. [L. indago.] To seek or searcli out.
IN-DA-Ga'TION, TO. The act of searching; search; in-
quiry ; examination. [Little used.] Boyle.
IN'DA-GA-TOR, to. A searcher ; one who seeks or inquires
with diligence. [Little used.] Beyle.
IN'DaRT, v. t. To dart in ; to thrust or strike in
IN-DEBT', a verb, is never used.
IN-DEBT'ED, (in-det'ted) a. [It. hidebitato.'} 1. Being in
debt ; having incurred a debt ; held or obliged to pay. 2.
Obliged by something received, for which restitution or
gratitude is due.
IN-DEBT'ED-NESS, (m-det'ted-nes) n. The state of being
indebted.
IN-DEBT'MENT, (in-det'ment) to. The state of being in-
debted. [Little VAied.] Hall.
IN-De'CEN-CY, to. [Fr. indecence.] That which is un-
becoming in language or manners ; any action or beha-
vior which is deemed a violation of modesty, or an of-
fense to delicacy.
IN-DE'CENT, a. [Fr. ; L. indecens.] Unbecoming ; unfit
to be seen or heard ; offensive to modesty and delicacy.
£N-Dk'CENT-LY, adv. In a manner to offend modesty or
delicacy.
IN-DE-CID'U-OUS, a. Not falling, as the leaves of trees in
autumn ; lasting ; evergreen.
IN-DEC'I-MA-BLE, a. Not liable to the payment of tithes.
IN-DE-CIS'ION, to. Want of decision ; want of settled pur-
pose, or of firmness in the determinations of the will ; a
wavering of "mind ; irresolution.
IN-DE-Ci SIVE, a. 1. Not decisive ; not bringing to a final
close or ultimate issue. 2. Unsettled ; wavering ; vacil-
lating ; hesitating.
IN-DE-Cl'SIVE-LY, adv. Without decision.
IN-DE-CT'SIVE-NESS, to. The state of being undecided ;
unsettled state ; state of not being brought to a final issue.
IN-DE-eLlN'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indeclinabUis.] Not de-
clinable ; not varied by terminations.
IN-DE-€LiN'A-BLY, adv. Without variation. Mountacru.
IN-DE-€OM-Po'SA-BLE, a. Not capable of decomposition,
or of being resolved into the primary constituent elements.
IN-DE-€OM-Po'SA-BLE-NESS, to. Incapableness of de-
composition.
* IN-DEC'O-ROUS, or IN-DE-€o'ROUS, a. [L. indecorus.]
Unbecoming ; violating good manners ; contrary to the
established rules of good breeding, or to tlie forms of re-
spect which age and station require. — Indecorous is some-
times equivalent to indecent ; but it is less frequently appli-
ed to actions which offend modesty and chastity.
* IN-DE€ O-ROUS-LY, or IN-DE-€o'ROUS-LY, adv. In
an unbecoming manner.
* IN-DE€'0-ROUS-NESS, or IN-DE-€o'ROUS-NESS, to.
Violation of good manners in words or behavior.
IN-DE-€o'RUM, TO. [L.] Impropriety of behavior ; that
in behavior or mamiers which violates the established
rules of civility, or the duties of respect which age or
station requires ; an unbecoming action. It is sometimes
synonymous with indecency ; but indecency, more frequent-
ly than indecorum, is applied to words or actions which
refer to what nature and propriety require to be concealed
or suppressed.
IN-DEJED', adv. [in and deed.] In reality ; in truth ; in fact.
Indeed is irstiaHy emphatical, but in some cases more g©
than in others ; as, this is true ; it is indeed. It is used
as an expression of surprise, or for the purpose of obtain-
ing confirmation of a fact stated ; as, indeed ! is it possible ?
IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. [L. indefatigabilis.] Unweari-
ed ; not tired ; not exhausted by labor ; not yielding to
fatigue.
IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLE-NESS, n. Unweariedness ; persist-
ency. Parnell.
IN-DE-FAT-I-GA-BILfl-TY, TO. Unweariness. Life of Bp
.Andrews.
IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLY, adv. Without wearmess ; without
yielding to fatigue. Dryden.
t IN-DE-FAT-I-GAfTION, to. Unweariedness.
IN-DE-FeAS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being
not subject to be made void.
IN-DE-FeAS'I-BLE, a. Not to be defeated ; that cannot
be made void.
IN-DE-FeAS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be defeated
or made void.
IN-DE-FEeT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quaUty of being subject
to BO defect or decay.
IN-DE-FEeT'I-BLE, a. Unfailing ; not Uable to defect,
failure or decay.
1N-DE-FE€T'IVE, a. Not defective ; perfect ; complete.
t IN-DE-FEIS'I-BLE, a. IndefeasiWe.
IN-DE-FENS-I-BIL'I-TY, to. The quality or state of not be-
ing capable of defense or vindication. Walsh.
IN-DE-FENS'I-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be defended or
maintained. 2. Not to be vindicated or justified.
IN-DE-FENS'IVE^ a. Having no defense, Herbert.
IN-DE-Fi'CIEN-Cr, to. The quality of not being deficient,
or of suffering no delay.
IN-DE-Fi"CIENT, a. Not deficient; not failing; perfect.
IN-DE-FiN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be defined.
IN-DEF'I-NITE, a. [L. indefinitus.] 1. Not lunited or de-
fined ; not determinate ; not precise or certain, 2. That
has no certain limits, or to which the human mind can
afiix none.
IN-DEF'I-NiTE-LY, adv. 1. Without any settled limita-
tion. 2. Not precisely ; not with certainty or precision.
IN-DEF'I-NlTE-NESS, to. The quality of being undefined,
unlimited, or not precise and certain.
t IN-DE-FINfl-TUDE, to. Quantity not limited by our
understanding, though yet finite. Hale.
IN-DE-LIB'ER-ATE, a. Done or performed without delib
oration or consideration ; sudden ; unpremeditated.
t IN-DE-LIB'ER-A-TED. The same as indeliberate.
IN-DE-LIB'ER-ATE-LY, adv. Without deliberation or pre
meditation.
IN-DEL-I-BIL'I-TY, to. The quality of being indelible.
IN-DEL'I-BLE, a. [Fr. indelebile.] 1. Not to be blotted out j
that cannot be effaced or canceled. 2. Not to be annull-
ed. 3. That cannot be effaced or lost.
IN-DEL'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be Wotted out or
effaced ; too deeply imprinted to be effaced.
IN-DEL'I-€A-CY, to. 1. Want of delicacy ; want of decen-
cy in language or behavior. 2. Want of a nice sense of
propriety, or nice regard to refinement in manners or in
the treatment of others ; rudeness ; coarseness of manners
or language.
IN-DEL'I-€ATE, a. 1. Wanting delicacy; indecent. 2.
Offensive to good manners, or to purity of mind.
IN-DEL'I-GATE-LY, adv. Indecently ; in a manner to of-
fend against good manners or purity of mind.
IN-DEM-NI-FI-OAfTION, to. 1. The act of indemnifying,
saving harmless, or securing against loss, damage or pen-
alty. 2. Security against loss. 3. Reimbursement of loss,
damage or penalty.
IN-DEM'NI-FiED, pp. Saved harmless; secured against
damage.
IN-DEM NI-FY, v. t. 1. To save harmless; to secure
against loss, damage or penalty. 2. To make good ; to re-
imburse to one what he has lost.
IN-DEM'NI-Fy-ING, ppr. Saving harmless; securing
against loss ; reimbursing loss.
IN-DEM'NI-TY, to. [Fr. indemnite.] 1. Security given to
save harmless ; a writing or pledge by which a person is
secured against future loss. 2. Security against punish-
ment.
IN-DE-MON'STRA-BLE, a. That cannot be demonstrated.
IN-DEN-I-Za'TION, to. The act of naturalizing, or the pa
tent by which a person is made free.
IN-DEN'IZE, V. t. To endenize, which see.
IN-DEN'I-ZEN, v. t. To invest with the privileges of a
free citizen. Over-bury.
IN-DENT', v. t. [in, and Fr. dent.] 1. To notch ; to jag ; to
cut any margin into points or inequalities, like a row of
teeth. 2. To bind out by indentures or contract.
IN-DENT', v. i. To contract ; to bargainor covenant.
IN-DENTf, TO. 1. Incisure ; a cut or notch in the margin of
any thing, or a recess like a notch. 2. A stamp.
IN'DENT, TO. A certificate, or indented certificate, issued by
the government of the United States, at the close of the
* See Sjtnopsis. R, E. I, 5, C, Y, Zoto^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
IND
445
IND
revolution, for the principal or interest of the public debt.
Hamilton.
IN-DENT-A'TION, or IN-DENT'MENT, n. 1. A notcli j
a cut in the margin of paper or other things. 2. A recess
or depression in any border.
IN-DENT'ED, pp. 1. Cut in the edge into points, like teeth.
2. Bound out by indented writings. 3. Bound out by
writings, or covenants in writing.
IN-DENT'ING, ppr. 1. Cutting into notches. 2. Binding
out by covenants in writing.
IN-DENT'MENT, n. Indenture.
IN-DENT' URE, n. A writing containing a contract.
IN-DENT'URE, v. t. To indent ; to bind by indentures.
IN-DEJMTURE, v.i. To run in and out j to indent. Hey-
wood.
fN-DE-PEND'ENCE, n. 1. A state of being not dependent ;
complete exemption from control, or the power of others.
2. A state in which a person does not rely on othei-s for
subsistence ; ability to support one's self. 3. A state of
mind in which a person acts without bias or influence
from others ; exemption from undue influence ; self-di-
rection.
IN-DE-PEND'ENT, a. 1. Not dependent ; not subject to
the control of others ; not subordinate. 2. Not holding or
enjoying possessions at the will of another ; not relying
on others; not dependent. 3. Afibrding the means of
independence. 4. Not subject to bias or influence ; not
obsequious ; self-directing. 5. Not connected with. 6.
Free ; easy ; self-comm£inding ; bold ; unconstrained. 7.
Separate from ; exclusive. 8. Pertaining to an independ-
ent or congregationaJ church.
IN-DE-PEND'ENT, n. One who, in religious affairs, main-
tains that every congregation of Christians is a complete
church, subject to no superior authority.
IN-DE-PEND'ENT-LY, adv. 1. WitJiout depending or re-
lying on others ; without control. 2. Without undue bias
or influence ; not obsequiously. 3. Without connection
with other things.
IN-DEP'RE-€A-BLE, a. That cannot be deprecated.
IN-DEP-RE-HENS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be found out.
IN-DE-PRlV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be deprived.
IN-DE-S€RlB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be described.
IN-DE-S€RIP'TIVE, a. Not descriptive or containing just
description.
IN-DE-SERT', K. Want ofmerit or worth.
IN-DES'I-NENT, a. Not ceasing ; perpetual.
IN-DES'I-NENT-LY, adv. Without cessation. Ray.
IN-DE-STRUeT-r-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of resisting de-
composition, or of being incapable of destruction.
IN-DE-STRUCTI-BLE, a. That cannot be destroyed;
incapable of deeompositioB ; as a material substance.
fN-DE-TERM'I-NA-BLE, a. 1. Thai, cannot be determined,
ascertained or fixed. 2. Not to be determined or ended.
IN-DE-TERM'I-NATE, a. 1. Not determinate ; not settled
or fixed ; not definite ; uncertain. 2. Not certain ; not
precise.
IN-DE-TERM'I-NATE-LY, adv. 1. Not in any settled
manner; indefinitely; not with precise limits. 2. Not
with certainty or precision of signification.
5N-DE-TERM'I-NATE-NESS, 71. Indefiniteness ; want of
certain limits ; want of precision. Paley.
IN-DE-TER5I-I-NA'T10N, n. 1. Want of determination ;
an unsettled or wavering state. 2. Want of fixed or stated
direction.
IN-DE-TERM'INED, a. Undetermined; unsettled; un-
fixed.
fN-DE-VoTE', a. Not devoted. Bentley.
IN-DE-VOT'ED, a. Not devoted. Clarendon.
IN-DE-Vo'TION, n. [Fr.; in and devotion.'] Want of devo-
tion ; absence of devout affections.
IN-DE-VOUT', a. [Fr. indevot.'] Not devout ; not having
devout affections. Decay of Piety.
IN-DE-VOUT'LY, adv. Without devotion.
'N'DEX, 71. ; pilw. Indexes, sometimes Indices. [L.J I.
That which points out ; that which shows or manifests.
2. The hand that points to any thing, as the hour of the
day, the road to a place, &c. 3. A table of the contents
of a book. Watts. A table of references in an alphabet-
ical order. — 4. In anatomy, the fore finger, or pomting fin-
ger. — 5. In arithmetic and algebra, that which shows to
what power any quantity is involved ; the exponent.— 6.
The index of a globe, or the gnomon, is a little style fitted
on the north pole, which, by turning with the glc*e, serves
to point to certain divisions of the hour circle. — 7. In music,
a direct, which see. — Index expurgatory, in catholic coun-
tries, a catalogue of prohibited books.
IN-DEX'I-€AL, a. Having the form of an index ; pertaining
to an index.
IN-DEX'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an index.
IN-DEX-TER'I-TY, n. 1. Want of dexterity or readiness
in the use of fSie hands ; clumsiness ; awkwardness. 2.
Want of skill or readiness in any art or occupation.
IN DIA, 71. A country in Asia, so named from the river
Indus.
IN'DIAN, (ind'yan) a. Pertaining to either of the lodiea
East or West.
IN'DIAN, (ind'yan) n. A general name rfany native of the
Indies ; a native of tJie American continent.
INDIAN .drrow Root, n. A plant of the genus maranta,
IN'DIAN Berry, n. A plant.
IN'DIAN Bread, n. A plant of the genus jatropha.
IN'DIAN Corn, n. A plant, the maize, of tlie genus lea ;
a native of America.
IN'DI.AN Cress, n. A plant of the genus tropmolum.
IN'DIAN Fig, n. A plant of the genus cactus.
IN'DIAN Ink, n. A substance brought from China, used
for water-colors,
IN'DIAN-ITE, 71. A mineral of the color of white or gray.
IN'DIAN Reed, n. A plant of the genus canna
IN'DIAN Red, n. A species of ochre. HUl.
IN'DIA Rubber, n. The caoutchouc, a substance of extraor-
dinary elasticity, called also clastic gum or resin.
IN'DI-€ANT, a. [L. indicans.] Showing; pomting out
what is to be don^ for the cure of disease.
IN'DI-€AT£, V. t. [L. indico.] 1. To show ; to point out ;
to discover; to direct the mind to a knowledge of some-
thing. 2. To tell ; to disclose — 3. In medicine, to show or
manifest by symptoms ; to point to as the proper remedies.
INDI-€A-T£D,p^. Shown; pointed out; directed.
IN'DI-€A-TING, ppr. Showing ; pointing out ; directing.
IN-DI-€a'TION, 71. 1. The act of pointing out. 2. Mark ;
token ; sign ; symptom. — 3. In medicine, any symptom or
)ccurrence in a disease, which serves to direct to suita-
ble remedies. 4. Discovery made; intelligence given
5. Explanation ; display ; [little used.']
IN-DI€'A-TlVE, a. [la.indicativus.] I. Showing; giving
intimation or knowledge of somethmg not visible or obvi-
ous. — 2. In grammar, the indicative mode is the form of
tbe verb that indicates, that is, which afiirms or denies.
IN-DICA-TiVE-LY , adv. In a manner to show or signify
IN'DI-€A-TOR, 71. he or that which shows or points out.
IN'DI-€A-TO-RY, a. Showing ; serving to show or make
known.
IN'DICE. See Index.
IN'DI-€0-LITE, n. [indigo, or indico, and Gr. Xtfloj.] In
mineralogy, a variety of shorl or tourmalin.
IN-DiCT', (in-dite*) v. t. [L. ind'iclus.] In laic, to accuse
or cliarge with a crime or misdemeanor, in writing, by a
grand jurv under oath.
IN-DICT'A-BLE, (in-dit'a-bl) a. 1. That may be indicted.
2. Subject to be presented by a grand jury ; subject to in-
dictment.
IN-DlCT'ED, (in-dit'ed) pp. Accused by a grand jury.
IN-DiCT'ER, (in,-dit'er), n. One who indicts.
IN-DlCT'ING, (in-dlt'ing) ypr. Accusing, or making a
formal or written charge of a crime by a grand jury.
IN-Die TION, 71. [Fr.; Low I^.indwtio.] 1. Declaration;
proclamation. Bacon. — 2. In chronology, a cycle of fifteen
years, instituted by Constantine the Great ; it was begun
Jan. 1, A. D. 313 ; originally, a period of taxation.
IN-DIOTIVE, a. Proclaimed ; declared. Kennet.
IN-DiCT'MENT, (in-dite'ment) n. 1. A written accusation
or formal charge of a crime or misdemeanor, preferred by
a grand jury under oath to a court. 2. The paper or
parchment containing the accusation of a grand jury
IN'DIES, n. ; plu. of India.
IN-DIFFER-ENCE, 71. [Fr. ; L. indifferentia.] 1. Equipoise
or neutrality of mind between different persons or things ;
a state in which the mind is not inclined to one side more
than the other. 2. Impartiality ; freedom from prejudice,
prepossession or bias. 3. Unconcern edness ; a state of
the mind when it feels no anxiety or interest in what is
presented to it. 4. State in which there is no difference,
or in which no moral or physical reason preponderates.
IN-DIFFER-ENT, a. [Fr. ; L. indifferens.] 1. Neutral ;
not inclined to one side, party or thing more than to an-
other. 2. Unconcerned ; feeling no interest, anxiety or
care respecting any thing. 3. Having no influence or pre-
ponderating weight; having no difference that gives a
preference. 4. Neutral, as to good or evil. 5. Impartial j
disinterested ; as an indifferent judge, juror or arbitrator
6. Passable ; of a middling state or quality ; neither good,
nor the worst.
IN-DIF'FER-ENT-LY, adv. 1. Without distinction or pre
ference. 2. Equally ; impartially ; without favor, preju
dice or bias. 3. In a neutral state ; without concern
without wish or aversion. 4. Not well ; tolerably ; pass-
ably.
IN'DI-GENCE, 1 71. [Fr. indigence.] Want of estate, 01
IN'DI-6EN-CY, \ means of comfortable subsistence ; pen-
ury ; poverty.
IN'I)I-6ENE, 71. [L. indigena.] One bom in a country ; a
native animal or plant. Evelyn.
IN-DI6'E-N0US, a. 1. Native ; born in a country. 2. Na-
tive ; produced naturally in a country ; hot exotic.
IN'DI-GENT, a. [L. indigens ; Fr. indigent.] Destitute of
property or means of subsistence ; needy ; poor.
t IN-DI-6EST', n. A crude mass. Shak.
* Set S:jnopsi9. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.-€ as K ; 6 ag J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
IND
446
IND
IN-HI-6EST'ED, a. [L. itidigestus.] 1. Not digested ; not
concocted in the stomach ; not cnanged or prepared for
nourishing the body ; undigested ; crude. 2. Not sepa-
rated into distinct classes or orders, or into proper form ;
not regularly disposed and arranged. 3. Not methodized ;
not reduced to due form ; crude. 4. Not prepared by
heat. 5. Not brought to suppuration, as the contents of
an abscess or boil.
IN-DI-6EST'I-BLE, a 1. Not digestible ; not easily con-
verted into chyme, or prepared in the stomach for nour-
ishing the body. 2. Not to be received or patiently en-
dured.
IN-DI-GES'TION, n. Want of due coction in the stomach ;
a failure of that change in food which prepares it for nu-
triment ; crudity. — As a disease, dyspepsy.
IN-DIG'I-TATE, v. t. To point out with the finger.
IN-D1G-I-Ta'TION, 71. The act of pointing out with the
finger.
tIN-DiGN', (in-dine') a. [L. indignus.} Unworthy; dis-
graceful. Chaucer.
i IN-DIG'NANCE, n. Indignation. Spenser.
JN-DIG'NANT, a. [L. indignans.] Aflected at once with
anger and disdain ; feeling the mingled emotions of wrath
and scorn or contempt.
IN-DIG'NANT-LY, adv. With indignation.
jiN-DIG-Na'TION, n. [Fi. ; L. indignatio.] 1. Anger or ex-
treme anger, mingled with contempt, disgust or abhor-
rence. 2. The anger of a superior ; extreme anger. 3.
The efiects of anger j the dreadful efiects of God's wrath ;
terrible judgments. 4. Holy displeasure at one's self for sin.
t IN-DIG'Nl-F-?, V. t. To treat disdainfully. Spenser.
iN-DIG'NI-TY, n. [L. indignitas.] Unmerited, contemptu-
ous conduct towards another ; any action towards an-
other which manifests contempt for him ; contumely ; in-
civility or injury, accompanied with insult.
^ IN-DlGN'LY, (in-dine ly) adv. Unworthily. Hall.
N'DI-GO, 71. [L. indicum, from India ,• Fr., It., Sp. indigo.]
A substance or dye, prepared from the leaves and stalks
of the indigo plant.
.* N-DI-GOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for ascertaining the
strength of indigo. Ure.
?N'DI-GO-PLANT, n. A plant of the genns indigofera, from
which is prepared indigo.
aN-DIL'A-TO-RY, a. Not dilatory or slow. Comwallis.
IN-DIL'I-GENCE, n. Want of diligence ; slothfulness.
' N-DIL'l GENT, a. Not diligent ; idle ; slothful.
(N-DIL'I-GENT-LY, adv. Without diligence. Bp. Hall.
'N-DI-MIN'ISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be diminished.
tN-DI-REGT', a. [L. indirectus.\ I. Not straight or reotili-
near ; deviating from a direct line or course ; circuitous.
2. Not direct, in a moral sense ; not tending to a purpose
by the shortest or plainest course, or by the obvious, ordi-
nary means, but obliquely or consequentially. 3. Wrong ;
improper. 4. Not fair ; not honest ; tending to mislead or
deceive.'-S. Indirect tax is a tax or duty on articles of
consumption, as an excise, customs, &c.
Cf-DI-IlE€'TION, 71. 1. Oblique course or means. Shak.
2. Dishonest practice ; [obs.] Sliak.
tN-DI-RE€T'LY, adv. 1. Not in a straight line or cotirse ;
obliquely. 2. Not by direct means. 3. Not in express
terms. 4. Unfairly.
IN-DI-RE€T'NESS, n. 1. Obliquity ; devious course. 2.
Unfairness ; dishonesty. Mountagu.
■^N-DIS-CERN'I-BLE, (in-diz-zern'e-bl) a. That cannot be
discerned ; not visible or perceptible ; not discoverable.
IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS, (in-diz-zern'e-bl-nes) n. In-
capability of being discerned. Hammond.
IN-DIS-CERN'I-BLY, (in-diz-zern'e-ble) adv. In a manner
not to be seen or perceived.
t IN-DIS^CERP'I-BLE, a. Indiscerptible. More.
IN-DIS-CERP'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of
being indiscerpible.
IN-DIS-CERP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inca-
pable of dissolution, or separation of parts.
IN-DIS-CEPvP'TI-BLE, a. Incapable of being destroyed by
dissolution, or separation of parts.
IN-DTS'CI-PLIN-A-BLE, a. That cannot be disciplined or
subjected to discipline ; not capable of being improved by
discipline
IN-DIS-€6V'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be discovered j
undiscoverable.
IN-DIS-€oV'E-RY, v. Want of discovery.
|N-DIS-€REET', a. 1. Not discreet ; wanting in discretion ;
imprudent ; inconsiderate ; injudicious. 2. Not accord-
ing to discretion or sound judgment.
IN-DIS-€REET'LY, adv. Not discreetly ; without pru-
dence ; inconsiderately; without judgment.
IN-DIS-€ReTE', a. Not discrete or separated.
lN-DIS-€RE"TION, ti. [in and discretion.] Want of discre-
tion ; imprudence.
IN-UIS-€RIM'I-NATE, a. [L. indiscriminatus.] 1. Undis-
tinguishing ; not making any distinction. 2. Not having
discrimination '; confused. 3. Undistinguished or undis-
tinguishable.
IN-DIS-€RIM'I-NATE-LY, adv. Without distinction ; in
confusion.
IN-DIS-€RIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. or a. Not making any dis-
tinction.
IN-DIS-€RIM-I-Na'TION, n. Want of discrimination or
distinction.
IN-DIS-€USS'ED, a. Not discussed. Donne.
IN-DIS-PENS-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Indispensableness.
IN-DIS-PENS'A-BLE, a. Not to be dispensed with ; that
cannot be omitted, remitted or spared; absolutely neces-
sary or requisite.
IN-DIS-PENS'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state or quality of be-
ing absolutely necessary.
IN-DIS-PENS'A-BLY, adv. Necessarily ; in a manner or
degree that forbids dispensation, omission or want.
IN-DIS-PERS'ED, (in-dis-perst') a. Not dispersed.
IN-DIS-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. indisposer.] 1. To disincline ; to
alienate the mind and render it averse or unfavorable
to any thing. 2. To render unfit ; to disqualify for its
proper functions ; to disorder. 3. To disorder slightly, as
the healthy functions of the body. 4. To make unfavor-
able or disinclined.
IN-DIS-POS'ED, (in-dis-pozd') pp. or a. 1. Disinclined;
averse ; unwilling ; unfavorable. 2. Disordered ; dis-
qualified for its functions ; unfit. 3. Slightly disordered ;
not in perfect health.
IN-DIS POS'ED-NESS, n. 1. Disinclination; slight aver-
sion ; unwillingness ; unfavorableness. 2. Unfitness ;
disordered state.
IN-DIS-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Disinclining; rendering some-
what averse, unwilling or unfavorable. 2. Disordering ;
rendering unfit.
IN-DIS-PO-Sl"TION, 71. 1. Disinclination ; aversion ; un-
willingness ; dislike. 2. Slight disorder of the healthy
functions of the body ; tendency to disease. 3. Want of
tendency or natural appetency or affinity.
* IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE, a. Not to be disputed ; incontro-
vertible ; incontestible ; too evident to admit of dis-
pute.
* IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of
being indisputable, or too clear to admit of controversy.
*IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLY, adv. Without dispute; in a manner
or degree not admitting of controversy ; unquestionably ;
withoutopposition.
IN-DIS-PuT'ED, a. Not disputed or controverted ; undis-
puted. Encyc.
IN-DIS-SO-LU-BIL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. indissolubilite.] 1. The
quality of being indissoluble, or not capable of being dis-
solved, melted or liquefied. 2. The quality of being in-
capable of a breach ; perpetuity of union ; obligation or
binding force.
IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indissoluUlis .] 1. Not ca-
pable of being dissolved, melted or liquefied, as by heat or
water. 2. That cannot be broken or rightfully violated ;
perpetually binding or obligatory 3. Not to be broken ;
firm ; stable.
IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being inca-
pable of dissolution or breach ; indissolubility.
IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLY, ado. In a manner resisting separa-
tion ; in a manner not to be dissolved or broken.
IN-DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be dissolved ; not
capable of being melted or liquefied. 2. Indissoluble;
that cannot be broken ; perpetually firm and binding. 3.
Not capable of separation into parts by natural process.
t IN-DIS'TAN-CY, n. Want of distance or separation.
IN-DIS-TIN€T', a. [Fr. ; L. indistinctus.] 1. Not distinct
or distinguishable ; not separate in such a manner as to
be perceptible by itself. 2. Obscure ; not clear ; confused.
3. Imperfect; faint; not presenting clear and well-de-
fined images. 4. Not exactly discerning ; [unusual.]
Shak.
IN-DIS-TIN€T'I-BLE, a. Undistinguishable. [Little used.]
Warton.
IN-DIS-TIN€'TION, v. 1. Want of distinction ; confu-
sion ; uncertainty. 2. Indiscrimination ; want of dis-
tinction. 3. Equality of condition or rank.
IN-DIS-TIN€T'LY, adv. 1. Without distinction or separa-
tion. 2. Confusedly ; not clearly ; obscurely. 3. Not
definitely ; not with precise limits.
IN-DIS-TIN€T'NESS, n. 1. Want of distinction or dis-
crimination ; confusion ; uncertainty. 2. Obscurity ;
faintness.
IN-DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be distin-
guished or separated ; undistinguishable.
IN-DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, a. Making no difierence.
IN-DIS-TURB'ANCE, n. Freedom from disturbance ; calm-
ness ; repose ; tranquillity. Temple.
IN-DITCH', V. t. To bury in a ditch. [L. u.] Bp. Hall.
IN-DlTE', V. t. [L. indico, indictum.] 1. To compose ; to
write ; to commit to words in writing. 2. To direct or
dictate what is to be uttered or written.
IN-DITE', V. i. To compose an account of. Waller.
TN-DiT'ED, pp. Composed ; written ; dictated.
IN-DlTE'MENT, n. The act of inditing.
* Set Synopsis A. E, I, O, U. Y, long —FKK, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— nN, MARINE, BIRD;— ^ Obsolete.
IND
447
IND
IN-DIT'ING, ppr. Committing to words in writing j dicta-
ting what shall be written.
IN-DI-ViD'A-BLE, a. Not capable of division.
IN-DI-VlD'ED, a. Undivided. Patrick.*
IN-DI-VID'U-AL, a. [Fr. individuel.'] 1. Not divided, or
not to be divided ; single ; one. 2. Pertaining to one
only.
IN-DI-VID'U-AL, m. 1. A single person or human being.
2. A single sinimal or thing of any kind.
IN-DI-VID-U-AL'I-TY, n. Separate or distinct existence j
a state of oneness. Arbuthnot.
IN-DI-VID'U-AL-IZE, v. t. To distinguish j to select or
mark as an individual. Drake.
IN-DI-VID'U-AL-iZED, pp. Distinguished as a particular
person or thing. Drake.
IN-DI-VID'U-AL-IZ-ING, ppr. Distinguishing as an indi-
vidual.
IN-DI-VID'U-AL-LY, a(Zu. 1. Separately; by itself ; to the
exclusion of others. 2. With separate or distinct exist-
ence. 3. Inseparably; incommunicably.
IN-DI-VID'U-ATE, a. Undivided.
IN-DI-VID'U-ATE, v. t. To make single ; to distinguish
from others of the species. More.
IN-DI-VID-U-A'TION, n. 1, The act of making single or
the same, to the exclusion of others. 2. The act of sep-
arating into individuals by analysis.
t IN-DI-VI-Du'I-TY, n. Separate existence.
IN-DI-VIN'I-TY, n. Want of divine power. Brown.
IN-DI-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The state of being indivisible.
IN-DI-VIS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be divided, separated or
broken ; not separable into parts.
IN-DI-VIS'I-BLE, n. In geometry, indivisibles are the ele-
ments or principles into which a body or figure may be
resolved ; elements infinitely small.
IN-DI-VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Indivisibility.
JN-DI-VIS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be capable of division.
* IN-Do'CI-BLE, or IN-DOC'I-BLE, a. 1. Unteachable ;
not capable of being taught, or not easily instructed ; dull
in intellect. 2. Intractable, as a beast.
* IN-Do'ClLE, or IN-DOC'lLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indocilis.] I.
Not teachable ; not easily instructed ; dull. 2. Intract-
IN-DO'-CIL'I-Ty! n. [Fr. indocilite.] 1. Unteachableness ;
dullness of intellect. 2. Intractableness.
IN-DOe'TRIN-ATE, v. t. [Fr. endoctriner.] To teach ; to
instruct in rudiments or principles.
U^-DO€'TRIN-A-TED,p^. Taught ; instructed in the prin-
ciples of any science,
IN-DO€TRIN-A-TING, ppr. Teaching; instructing in
principles or rudiments.
IN-DOe-TRIN-A'TION, n. Instruction in the rudiments
and principles of any science; information.
. N'DO-LENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. indolentia.] 1. Literally, free-
dom from pain. Burnet. 2. Habitual idleness ; indispo-
sition to labor ; laziness ; inaction or want of exertion of
body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to
toil. Indolence, like laziness, implies a constitutional or
habitual love of ease ; idleness does not.
IN'DO-LENT, a. [Fr.] I. Habitually idle or indisposed to
labor ; lazy ; listless ; sluggish ; indulging in ease. 2. In-
active; idle. 3. Free from pain.
IN'DO-LENT-LY, adv. In habitual idleness and ease;
without action, activity or exertion ; lazily.
f IN-DOM'A-BLE, a. [L. indomabilis.] Untamable. Cock-
er am.
t IN-DOM'I-TA-BLE, a. Untamable. Herbert.
t IN-DOM'ITE, a. [L. indomitus.] Untamed ; wild ; savage.
iN-DOMPT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not to be subdued.
IN-DORS'A-BLE, a. That may be indorsed, assigned and
made payable to order.
IN-DORSE', (in-dors') v. t. [L. in and dorsum.'] 1. To write
on the back of a paper or written instrument. 2. To as-
sign by writing an order on the back of a note or bill ; to
assign or transfer by indorsement. — To indorse in blank,
to write a name only on a note or bill, leaving a blank to
be filled by the indorsee.
IN-DOR-SEE', n. The person to whom a note or bill is in-
dorsed, or assigned by indorsement.
IN-DORSE'MENT, (in-dors'ment) n. 1. The act of writing
on the back of a note, bill, or other written instrument.
2. That which is written on the back of a note, bill, or
other paper.
IN-DORS'ER, n. The person who indorses.
t IN'DRAUGHT, (in'draft) n. An opening from the sea
into the land ; an inlet. Raleigh.
IN-DRENCH', V. t. To overwhelm with water; to drown ;
to djench. Shak.
IN-Du'BI-OUS, a. [L. indubius.] ] . Not dubious or doubt-
ful ; certain. 2. Not doubting ; unsuspecting.
IN-DU'BI-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. indubitabilis.] Not to be
doubted ; unquestionable ; evident ; apparently certain ;
too plain to admit of doubt.
IN-DtJ'BI-TA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being indubitable.
.ash.
IN-DO'BI-TA-BLY, adv. Undoubtedly; unquestionably;
in a manner to remove all doubt. Sprat. js
t IN-DtJ'BI-TATE, a. [L. induMtatus.] Not questioned ;
evident; certain. Bacon.
IN-DUCE', V. t. [L. induco.] 1. To lead, as by persuasion
or argument ; to prevail on ; to incite ; to influence by
motives. 2. To produce by influence. 3. To produce;
to bring on ; to cause. 4. To introduce ; to bring into
view. 5. To offer by way of induction or inference ;
[notused.]
IN-Du'CED, (in-dusf) pp. Persuaded by motives ; influ
enced ; produced ; caused.
IN DuCE'MENT, n Motive ; any thing that leads the
mind to will or to act.
IN-Du'CER, n. He or that which induces, persuades or in-
fluences.
IN-Du'CI-BLE, a. 1. That may be induced ; that may be
offered by induction. 2. That may be caused.
IN-DU'CING, ppr. Leading or moving by reason or argu-
ments ; persuading ; producing ; causing.
IN-DU€T', V. t. [L. inductus.] To introduce, as to a bene-
fice or office ; to put in actual possession of an ecclesias-
tical living or of any other office, with the customary
forms and ceremonies.
1N-DU€T'ED, pp. Introduced into office with the usual
formalities.
IN-DU€T'iLE, a. Not capable of being drawn into threads,
as a metal,
IN-DU€-TIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inductile.
IN-DU€T'ING, ppr. Introducing into office with the usual
formalities.
IN-DU€'TION, n. [Fr.; 1.. inductio.] 1. Literally, a. hnng-
ing in ; introduction ; entrance. — 2. In logic and rhetoric^
the act of drawing a consequence from two or more prop-
ositions, which are called premises. 3. The method of
reasoning from particulars to generals, or the inferring of
one general proposition from several particular ones. 4
The conclusion or inference 'Irawn from premises. Encyc.
5. The introduction of a person into an office by the usual
forms and ceremonies.
IN-DU€T'IVE, a. I. Leading or drawing. 2. Tending to
induce or cause. 3. Leading to inferences ; proceeding
by induction ; employed in drawing conclusions from
premises.
IN-DU€T'IVE-LY, adv. By induction or inference.
IN-DU€T'OR, 71. The person who inducts another into an
office or benefice.
IN-DuE', (in-dfi') v. t. [h.induo.] 1. To put on something;
to invest ; to clothe. 2. To furnish ; to supply with ; to
endow.
IN-DtJ'ED, (in-dud') pp. Clothed ; invested.
IN-DuE'MENT, (in-du'ment) n. A putting on ; endowment.
IN-Du'ING, ppr. Investing ; putting on.
IN-DUL6E', (in-dulj') v. t. [L. indulgeo.] 1. To permit to
be or to continue ; to suffer ; not to restrain or oppose.
2. To gratify, negatively ,• not to check or restrain the
will, appetite or desire. 3. To gratify, positively; to
grant something not of right, but as a favor ; to grant in
compliance with wishes or desire. — 4. In general, to
gratify ; to favor ; to humor ; to yield to the wishes of; to
withhold restraint from.
IN-DUL6E', (in-dulj') v.i. 1. To permit to enjoy or prac-
tice ; or to yield to the enjoyment or practice of, without
restraint or control. 2. To yield ; to comply ; to be fa-
vorable ; [little used.']
IN-DUL'6ED, (in-duljd') pp. 1. Permitted to be and to
operate without check or control. 2. Gratified ; yielded
to ; humored in wishes or desires. 3. Granted.
IN-DUL'6ENCE, \ n. 1. Free permission to the appetites,
IN-DUL'6EN-CY, \ humor, desires, passions or will to
act or operate ; foii)earance of restraint or control. 2.
Gratification. 3. Favor granted ; liberality; gratification.
— 4. In the Romish church, remission of the punishment
due to sins, granted by the pope or church, and supposed
to save the sinner from purgatory.
IN-DUL'6ENT, a. 1. Yielding to the wishes, desires, hu-
mor or appetites of those under one's care; compliant;
not opposing or restraining. 2. Mild ; favorable ; not se-
vere. 3. Gratifying; favoring.
IN-DUL-GEN'TIAL, a. Relating to the indulgenciesof the
Romish church. ^J^Tot well authorized.] Brevint.
IN-DUL'6ENT-LY, adv. 1. With unrestrained enjoyment.
Hammond. 2. Mildly ; favorably ; not severely.
IN-DUL'6ER, n. One who indulges. Mountagu.
IN-DUL'GING, ppr. Permitting to enjoy or to practice.
IN-DULT', ) n. [It. induito.] 1. In the church of Rome,
IN-DULT'O, \ the power of presenting to benefices, grant-
ed to certain persons. — 2. In Spain, a duty, tax or custom,
paid to the king for all goods imported from the West In-
^ dies in the galleons.
IN'DU-RATE, v. i. [L induro.] To grow hard ; to harden
or become hard.
IN'DURATE, v. t. 1. To make hard. 2. To make un-
feeling ; to deprive of sensibility ; to render obdurate.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this, t Obsolete
INE
448
INE
jWDU-RATEjA. Impenitent; hardofliearf Hard: dried.
IN'DU-P \-TED, pp. Hardened ; made obdurate.
IN'DU-RA-TING, ppr. Hardening ; rendering insensible.
IN-DU-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of bardeniug, or process
of growing hard. 2. Hardness of heart ; obduracy.
IN-DUS'TRI-OUS, a. [Tl.. industrius.'] 1. Diligent in busi-
ness or study ; constantly, regularly or habitually occu-
pied in business ; assiduous. 2. Diligent in a particular
pursuit, or to a particulsu* end. 3. Given to industry ;
characterized by diligence. 4. Careful ; assiduous.
IN-DUS TRI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With habitual diligence ;
with steady application of the powers of body or of mind.
2. Dili«enily ; assiduously ; with care.
IN'D US-TRY, 71. [L. industria.] Habitual diligence in any
employment, either bodily or mental ; steady attention to
business ; as& duity.
IN-DWELL'ER, n. An inhabitant. Spenser.
IN-DWELL'ING, a. Dwelling within ; remaining in the
heart, even after it is renewed. Macknight.
IN-DWELL'ING, n Residence witliui, or in the heart or
soul.
iN-E'BRI-ANT, a. [See Inebriate.] Intoxicating.
IN-K'BRI-ANT, n. Any thing that intoxicates, as opium.
IN-E'BRI-ATE, V. t. [L. inebriatus.] 1. To make drunic ;
to intoxicate. 2. To disorder the senses ; to stupefy, or
tojnake furious or frantic.
N-E'BRI-ATE, V. i. To be or become intoxicated.
*N-E'BRI-ATE, w. An habitual drunkard. Darwin.
iN-E BRI-A-TED, pp. Intoxicated.
IN-E'BRI-A-TING, ppr. Making drunk ; intoxicating.
■'N E-BRI-A'TION, n. Drunkenness, intoxication.
IN-E-BRl'E-TY, 31. Drunkenness ; intoxication.
IN-ED'IT-ED, a. [in and edited.} Unpublished. Warton.
■ N-EF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. Unspeakableness.
•N-EF'FA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. ineffabilis.] Unspeakable ; un-
utterable ; that cannot be expressed in words.
iN-EF'FA-BLE-NESS, n. Unspeakableness; quality of be-
ing unutterable. Scott.
/N-EF'FA-BLY, adv. Unspeakably ; in a manner not to be
expressed in words. Milton,
N-EF-FE€T'IVE, a. 1. Not effective ; not producing any
effect, or the effect intended ; inefBcient ; useless. 2.
Not able ; not competent to the service intended. 3. Pro-
ducing no effect.
•N-EF-FE€T'U-AL, a. Not producing its proper effect, or
not able to produce its effect ; inefficient ; weak.
N-EF-FE€T'U-AL-LY, adv. Without effect ; in vain.
lN-EF-FE€T'U-AL-NESS, n. Want of effect, or of power
to produce it ; inefficacy. Wake.
>N-EF-FER-VES'CENCE, n. Want of effervescence; a
state of not effervescing. Kirtcan.
IN-EF-FER-VES'CENT, a. Not effervescing, or not sus-
ceptible of effervescence.
IN-EF-FER-VES-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not ef-
fervescing, or not being susceptible of effervescence.
IN-EF-FER-VES'CI-BLE, a. Not capable of efferves-
cence.
iN-EF-FI-€A'CIOUS, a. [L. inefficax.] Not efficacious;
not having power to produce the effect desired, or the
proper effect ; of inadequate power or force. — Ineffectual,
says Johnson, rather denotes an actual failure, and ineffi-
cacious, an habitual impotence to any effect. But the
dl'^tinction is not always observed.
iN-EF-FI-€A CIOUS-LY, adv. Without efficacy or effect.
»N-EF-FI-€a'CIOUS-NESS, n. Want of power to produce
the effect, or want of effect.
«N-EF'FI-€A-CY, n. [L. efficacia.] 1. Want of power to
produce the desired or proper effect ; inefficiency. 2. In-
effectualness ; failure of effect.
tN-EF-FI"CIEN-CY, n. Want of power or exertion of
power to produce the effect ; inefficacy.
IN-EF-Fl"CIENT, a. 1. Not efficient ; not producing the
effect; inefficacious. 2. Not active ; effecting U' thing.
1N-EF-FI"C1ENT-LY, adv. Ineffectually ; without effect.
IN-E-LAB'0-RATE, a. Not elaborate; not wrought with
care. Cockeram.
[N-E-LAS'TI€, a. Not elastic ; wanting elasticity.
IN-E-LAS-TIG'I-TY, n. The absence of elasticity ; the
want of elastic power.
IN-EL'E-GANCE, )n. Want of elegance ; want of beauty
IN-EL'E-GAN-CY, ) or polish in language, composition
or manners ; want of symmetry or oniament in building ;
want of delicacy in coloring, &c.
IN-EL'E-GANT, a. [L. inelegans.] Not elegant ; wanting
beauty or polish, as language, or refinement, as manners ;
wanting symmetry or ornament, as an edifice.
IN-EL'E-GANT-LY, adv. In an inelegant or unbecoming
manner ; coarsely ; roughly. Chesterfield.
[N-EL-I-6I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Incapacity of being elected to
an office. 2. State or quality of not beinfi; worthy of
choice.
IN-EL'I-GI-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of being elected to an
office. 2. Not worthy to be chosen or preferred ; not ex-
pedient.
IN-EL'0-aUENT, a. 1. Not eloquent ; not speaking witli
fluency, propriety, grace and pathos ; not persuasive. 2
Not fluent, graceftil or pathetic ; not persuasive, as Ian
guage or composition.
IN-EL'0-aUENT-LY, adv. Without eloquence.
t IN-E-LU€T'A-BLE, a. [L. ineluctabilis.} Not to be re-
sisted by struggling; not to be overcome.
IN-E-LUD'I-BLE, a. That cannot be eluded.
IN-E-NAR'RA-BLE, a. [L. iiunarrabiUs.] That cannot bo
narrated or told.
IN-EPT', a. [L. ineptus.] I. Not apt or fit; unfit; unsuit-
able. 9. Improper ; unbecoming ; foolish.
IN-EPT^I-TUDE, n. Unfitness; inaptitude; unsuitable-
ness.
IN-EPT'LY, adv. Unfitly : unsuitably ; foolishly.
IN-EPT'NESS, 71. Unfitness. More.
IN-E'Q,UAL, a. Unequal ; uneven ; various. Shenstone.
IN-E-Q.UAL'1-TY, n. [L. incequalitas.] 1. Difference or
want of equality in degree, quantity, length or quality of
any kind. 2. Unevenness ; want of levelness ; the al-
ternate rising and falling of a surface. 3. Disproportion
to any office or purpose ; inadequacy ; incompetency. 4.
Diversity ; want of uniformity in different times or places.
5. Difference of rank, station or condition.
IN-E-QUI-DIS'TANT, a. Not being equally distant.
IN-E-aUl-LAT'ER-AL, a. Having unequal sides.
IN-£a'UI-TA-BLE, a. Not equitable ; not just.
IN-E'aUI-VALVE, ^ TT • . ,
IN-E-aUI-VAL'Vd-LAR, \ "" Having unequal valves.
IN-ERM', I a. [L. inermis.] Unarmed ; destitute of
IN-ERM'OUS, \ prickles or thorns, as a leaf.
IN-ER-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Exemption from error or from the
possibility of erring ; mfallibility.
IN-ER'RA-BLE, a. That cannot err ; exempt from enor or
mistake; infallible. Hammond.
IN-ER'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Exemption ftom enor ; inerra-
bility. Hammond.
IN-ER'RA-BLY, adv. With security from error ; infallibly.
IN-ER-RAT'I€, a. Not erratic ; fixed.
IN-ER'RING-LY, adv. Without error or mistake.
IN-ERT', a. [L. iners.} 1. Destitute of the power of mo-
ving itself, or of active resistance to motion impressed.
2. Dull ; sluggish ; indisposed to move or act.
IN-ER'TION, n. Want of activity ; want of exertion.
IN-ERT'I-TUDE, 7i. The state of being inert. Good.
IN-ERT'LY, adv. Without activity ; sluggishly.
IN-ERT'NESS, ?;. 1. The state or quality of being inert.
2. Want of activity or exertion ; habitual indisposition to
action or motion ; sluggishness.
IN ESSE, [L.] In being ; actually existing ; distinguished
from in posse, or inpotentia, which denote that a thing is
not, but may be.
IN-ES'€ATE, V. t. [L. inesco.'] To bait ; to lay a bait for.
IN-ES-€ ACTION, 71. The act of baiting. Hallowcll.
IN-ES'TI-MA-BLE, fl. {1j. inastimabilis.] 1. That cannot
be estimated or computed. 2. Too valuable or excellent
to be rated ; being above all price.
IN-ES'TI-MA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be estimated
or rated.
IN-EV'I-DENCE, n. Want of evidence ; obscurity.
IN-EV'I-DENT, a. Not evident ; not clear or obvious ; ob-
scure. Brown.
IN-EV-I-TA-BIL I-TY, n. Impossibility to be avoided;
certainty to happen. Bramhall.
IN-EV'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inevitabilis.] Not to be
avoided ; that cannot be shunned ; unavoidable ; that ad-
mits of no escape or evasion.
IN-EV'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unavoid-
able.
IN-EV'I-TA-BLY, adv. Without possibility of escape or
evasion ; unavoidably ; certainly.
IN-EX-A€T', a. Not exact ; not precisely correct or true.
IN-EX-A€T'NESS, n. Incorrectness; want of precision.
IN-EX-CiT'A-BLE, a. Not susceptible of excitement; dull,
lifeless ;_torpid.
IN-EX-€U'SA-BLE, a. [L. inexcusabilis.] Not to be ex-
cused or justified.
IN-EX-€U'SA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not admitting
of excuse or justification. South.
IN-EX-€u'SA-BLY, adv. With a degree of guilt or folly
beyond excuse or justification.
IN-EX-E-€u'TION, n. Neglect of execution ; non-per-
formance.
IN-EX-ER'TION, n. Want of exertion; want of effort;
defect of action. Darwin.
IN-EX-HaL'A-BLE, a. Not to be exhaled or evaporated ;
not evaporable. Brown.
IN-EX-HAUST'ED, a. 1. Not exhausted ; not emptied ;
unexhaiisted. 2. Not spent ; not having lost all strength
or resources ; unexhausted.
IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be exhausted or
emptied'; unfailing. 2. That cannot be wasted or spent
IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being inex-
haustible.
* See Synopsis A, g, I. 0, U, Y, ioTi^r.— FAR, FALL, WHA.T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete
INF
449
INF
iN-EX-HAUST'IVE, a. Not to be exhausted or spent.
IN-FiX-ISt'ENCE, n. 1. Want of being or existence.
Broome. 2. Inhsrsnc-e.
IN-EX-IST'ENT, a. 1. Not having being j not existing.
2. Ej'isting in something else. Boxjle.
IN-EX-O-RA-BTL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inexorable
or unyielding to entreaty. Paley.
IN-EX'0-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexorabilis.] 1. Not to
be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer ; too firm
and determined in purpose to yield to supplication. 2.
Unyielding 5 that cannot be made to bend.
IN-EX'0-RA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inexorable.
JN-EX'O-RA-BLY, adv. So as to be immovable by entrea-
ty-
IN-EX-PE€-Ta'TION, n. State of having no expectation.
t IN-EX-PE€T/ED, a. Not expected.
IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENCE, I n. \in and expedience.] Want of
IN-EX-Pe'DI-EN-CY, \ fitness ; impropriety ; unsuitable-
ness to the pui-pose.
IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. Not expedient ; not tending to pro-
mote a purpose ; not tending to a good end ; unfit j im-
proper ;_unsuitable to time and place.
IN-EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, tu Want of experience or experi-
mental knowledge .
IN-EX-Pe'RI-ENOED, a. Not having experience; un-
skilled.
IN-EX-PERT', a. Not expert; not skilled; destitute of
knowledge or dexterity derived from practice.
IN-EXTI-A-BLE, a. ['Fr. ; L. inexpiabilis.] 1. That ad-
mits of no atonement or satisfaction. 2. That cannot be
mollified or appeased by atonement.
IN-EX'PI-A-BLY, adv. To a degree that admits of no
atonement. Roscommon.
IN-EX-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be explained ; in-
explicable.
flN-EX-PLE'A-BLY, or IN-EX'PLE-A-BLY, adv. Insa-
tiably. Sandys.
IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexplicabilis.] That can-
not be explained or interpreted ; not capable of being ren-
dered plain and intelligible.
IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. "The state or quality of being
inexplicable.
IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLY, adv In a manner not to be explained.
IN-EX-PLo'RA-BLE, a. That cannot be explored, search-
ed or discovered.
IN-EX-PRESST-BLE, a. Not to be expressed in words;
not to be uttered ; unspeakable ; unutterable.
IN-EX-PRESS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to
be expressed ; unspeakably ; unutterably.
IN-EX-PRESS'IVE, a. Not tending to express ; not express-
ing; inexpressible.
IN-EX-PoS'URE, n. A state of not being exposed.
IN-EX-PUG'NA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexpiignabilis.] Not to
be subdued by force ; not'to be taken by assault ; impreg-
nable.
fN-EX-Su'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. inexsuperabilis.] Not to be
passed over or surmounted.
IN-EX-TEND'ED, a. Having no extension. Good.
IN-EX-TEN'SION, n. Want of extension.
IN-EX-TER'Mt-NA-BLE, a. That cannot be exterminated.
IN-EX-TIN€T', a. Not quenched ; not extinct.
IN-EX-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be extinguish-
ed ; unquenchable.
IN-EX-TiR'PA-BLE, a. That cannot be extirpated.
IN-EX'TR[-€A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inextricabilis.] 1. Not
to be disentangled ; not to be freed from intricacy or per-
plexity. 2. Not to be untied.
»N-EX'TRI-eA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inextri-
cable. Donne.
IN-EX'TRI-eA-BLY, adv. To a degree of perplexity not
to be disentangled. Pope.
[N-EyE' v. t. To inoculate, as a tree or a bud. Philips.
T IN-FAB'Rt-€A-TED, a. Unfabricated : unwrouaht.
IN-FAL-LI-BIL'I-TY, or IN-FAL'LI-BLE-NESS; n. The
quality of being incapable of error or mistake ; entire ex-
emption from liability to error ; inerrability.
IN-FAL'LI-BLE, a. [Fr. infaillible.] 1. Not fallible ; not
capable of erring. 2. Not liable to fail, or to deceive con-
fidence ; certain.
IN-FAL'LI-BLY, adv. 1. Without a possibility of erring
or mistaking. 2. Certainly ; without a possibility of fail-
ure.
f IN-FaME', v. t. To defame. Bacon.
JN'FA-MOUS, a. [Fr. infame ; l,.infamis.} I. Of ill re-
port, emphatically ; having a reputation of the worst
kind ; publicly branded with odium for vice or guilt ;
base ; scandalous ; notoriously vile. 2. Odious ; detesta-
Tjle ; held in abhorrence ; that renders a person infamous.
3. Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime.
IJV'FA-MOUS-LY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree to ren-
der infamous; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully.
2. With open reproach.
IN'FA-MOUS-NESS, ) m. [Fr. infamie ,• L. infamia.] 1.
IN'FA-MY, ) Total loss of reputation ; public
disgrace. 2. ftualities wiiich are detested and despised ;
qualities notoriously bad and scandalous.— 3, In law, that
loss of character or public disgrace which a convict incurs,
and by which a person is rendered incapable of being a
witness or juror.
IN'FAN-CY,w. [L. infantia.] 1. The first part of life, be
ginning at the birth.— 2. In law, infancy extends to the
age of twenty-one years. 3. The first age of any. thing ;
the beginning, or early period of existence.
t IN-FAND'OUS, a. [L. infandus.] Too odious to be ex-
pressed. Howell.
IN-FANG'THEF, n. [Sax. in, fangan and theof.] In Eng
lish law, the privilege granted to lords to judge thieves
taken on their manors, or within their franchises.
IN'PANT, n. [Fr. enfant ; L. infans.] 1. A child in the
first period of life, beginning at his birth ; a young babe.
—2. In law, a person under the age of twenty-one years,
who is incapable of making valid contracts.
IN'FANT, a. 1. Pertaining to infancy or the first period of
life. 2. Young ; tender ; not mature ; as, infant strength.
IN-FANT'A, n. In Spain and Portugal, any princess of the
royal blood, except the eldest daughter when Jieu-ess ap-
parent.
I1\-FANT'E, n. In Spain and Portugal, any son of the king,
except the eldest or heir apparent.
IN-FANT'I-ClDE, n. [Low L. infanticidium.] 1. The in-
tentional killing of an infant. 2. The slaughter of infants
by Herod. _ 3. A slayer of infants.
* IN'FAN-TlLE, a. [L. infantilis.] Pertaining to infancy,
or to an ijifant ; pertaining to the first period of life.
IN'FAN-TlNE, a. Pertaining to infants or to young chil-
dren.
IN'FANT-LTKE, a. Like an infant. Shak.
IN'FANT-LY, a. Like a child. Beaumont.
IN'FANT-RY, n. [Fr. infanterie.] In military affairs, the
soldiers or troops that serve on foot, as distinguished from
cavalry.
t IN-FARCE', (in-f ars') v. t. To stuff.
IN-FARC'TION, n. [L. infarcio.] The act of stuffing or
filling; constipation. Harvey.
t IN-FASH'ION-A-BLE, a. Unfashionable. Beaumont.
t IN-FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. Indefatigable,
t IN-FAT'U-ATE, v. t. [L. infatuo.] 1. To make foolish ;
to affect with folly ; to weaken the intellectual powers,
or to deprive of sound judgment. 2. To prepossess or in
cline to a person or thing in a manner not justified by
prudence or reason ; to inspire with an extravagant or
foolish passion,
t IN-FAT'U-ATE, a. Stupefied. Phillips.
IN-FAT'U-A-TED, pp. Affected with folly.
IN-FAT'U-A-TING, ppr. Affecting with folly.
IN-F AT-U-A'TION, rt. 1. The act of affecting with foliy
2. A state of mind in which the intellectual powers are
weakened, so that the person affected acts without iiis
usual judgment, and contrary to the dictates of reason,
t IN-FAUST'ING, n. [h. infaustus.] The act of making
unlucky. Bacon.
1N-FeAS-I-BIL'I-TY, or IN-FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Im-
practicability ; the quality of not being capable of being
don^ or performed.
IN-FeAS'I-BLE, a. Not to be done ; that cannot be accom-
plished : impracticable.
IN-FE€T', V. t. [Fr infecter.] 1. To taint with disease ;
to infuse into a Iiealthy body the virus, miasma or morbid
matter of a diseased body, or any pestilential or noxious
air or substance by which a disease is produced. 2. To
taint or affect with morbid or noxious matter. 3. To
communicate bad qualities to ; to coiTupt ; to taint by the
communication of any thing noxious or pernicious. 4.
To contaminate with illegality.
f-IN-FE€T', a. Infected.
IN-FE€T'ED, pp. Tainted with noxious matter ; corrupted
by poisonous exhalations ; corrupted by bad qualities com
rnunicated.
IN-FEGT'ER, n. He or that which infects.
IN-FECT'ING, ppr. Tainting ; corrupting.
IN-FE€'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of infecting. The
words contagion and infection are frequently confounded
The proper distinction between them is this. Contagion
is the virus or efffuvium generated in a diseased body, and
capable of producing the specific disease in a healthy body
by contact or otherwise. Infection is any thing that taints
or corrupts ; hence it includes contagion, and any other
morbid, noxious matter which may excite disease in a
healthy body. 2. The morbid cause which excites disease
in a healthy or uninfected body. 3. That which taints,
poisons or corrupts by communication from one to anoth-
er. 4. Contamination by illegality, as in cases of contra-
band goods. 5. Communication of like qualities.
IN-FE€'TIOUS, a. 1. Having qualities that may taint or
communicate disease to. 2. Corrupting ; tending to taint
by communication. 3. Contaminating with illegality ;
exposing to seizure and forfeiture. 4. Capable of being
communicated by near approach.
* See Synopsis, MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;- BJJLL, UNITE— € asK<0a8J,SasZiCHasSH;THasin this, f Obsolete.
INF
450
INF
^i\-PE€'TIOUS-Ly, adv. By infection.
tN-FEC'TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being infectious,
or capable of communicating disease or taint from one to
another.
IN-FE€T'IVE, a. Having the quality of communicating
disease or taint from one to another.
*IN-Fe'€UND, a. [1,. infacundus.] Unfruitful; not pro-
ducing young; barren.
IN-FE-eUND'I-TY, 71. [1,. infacunditas.] Unfruitfulness ;
barrenness. Med. Repos.
IN-FE-LIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. infelicite.] 1. Unhappiness ;
misery; misfortune. 2. Unfortunate state ; unfavorable-
ness.
IN-FER', V. t. [Fr. inferer ; L. infero.] 1. Literally, to
bring on ; to induce ; [little used.] 2 To deduce ; to
draw or derive, as a fact or consequence. 3. To offer ; to
produce; [not itsed^
IN-FER' A-BLE, a. That may be inferred or deduced from
premises. Burke.
IN'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr.] A truth or proposition drawn from
another which is admitted or supposed to be true ; a con-
clusion.
IN-FEOFF'. See Enfeoff.
IN-Fe'RI-OR, a [L,] 1. Lower in place. 2. Lower in
station, age or rank in life. 3. Lower in excellence or
value. 4 Subordinate ; of less importance.
IN-Fe'RI-OR, n. A person who is younger, or of a lower
station or rank in society. South.
IN-FE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. [Fr. inferiorite.] A lower state of
dignity, age, value or quality.
IN-FER'NAL, a. [Fr. ; L. infernus.] 1. Properly, pertain-
ing to the lower regions, or regions of the dead, the Tar-
tarus of the ancients. 2. Pertaining to hell ; inhabiting
hell. 3. Hellish; resembling the temper of infernal
spirits ; malicious ; diabolical ; very wicked and detesta-
ble.
IN-FER- NAL, n. An inhabitant of hell, or of the lower re-
gions.
IN-FER'NAL STONE, [lapis infernalis.] A name formerly
given to lunar caustic. Hill.
IN-FER'NAL-LY, adv. In a detestable and infernal way.
Hacktt.
IN-FER'TILE, a. [Fr. ; L. infertilis.] Not fertile; not
fruitful or productive ; barren.
IN-FER-TIL'I-TY, n. Unfruitfulness ; unproductiveness ;
banenness. Hale.
IN-FEST', v.t. [Fr. infester ; L. infesto.] To trouble great-
ly ; to disturb ; to annov ; to harass.
IN-FES-Ta'TION, n The act of infesting ; molestation.
IN-FEST'ED, pp. Troubled ; annoyed ; harassed ; plagued.
IN-FES'TERED, a. Rankling; inveterate.
IN-FEST'ING, ppr. Annoying ; harassing ; disturbing.
IN-FEST'IVE, a. Having no mirth.
IN-FES-TIV'I-TY, n. Want of festivity, or of cheerfulness
and mirth at entertainments.
tlN-FEST'Q-OUS, a. [la. infestiis.] Mischievous. Bacon.
IN-FEU-Da'TION, n. [L. in and feudum.] 1. The act of
putting one in possession of an estate in fee. 2. The
granting of tithes to laymen.
IN'FI-DEL, a. [Fr. infidele : L. injidelis.] Unbelieving ;
disbelieving the divine institution of Christianity. Knox.
IN'FI-DEL, ft. One who disbelieves the inspiration of the
Scriptures, and the divine origin of Christianity.
IN-FI-DEL'I-TY, n. [Fr. infiddite ; L. injidelitas.] 1. In
general, want of faith or belief; a withholding of credit.
2. Disbelief of the inspiration of the Scriptures, or the di-
vine original of Christianity ; unbelief. 3. Unfaithful-
ness, particularly in married persons ; a violation of the
marriage covenant by adultery or lewdness. 4. Breach
of trust; treachery; deceit.
IN-FIL'TRATE, v. i. [Fr. filtrer.] To enter by penetrat-
ing the pores or interstices of a substance.
IN-FIL'TRA-TING, ppr. Penetrating by the pores or inter-
sticcs
IN-FIL*-TRa'TION, 71. 1. The act or process of entering
the pores or cavities of a body. 2. The substance which
has entered the pores or cavities of a body.
IN'FI-NlTE, a. [L. infinitus.] 1. Without limits; un-
bounded ; boundless ; not circumscribed. 2. That will
have no end. 3. That has a beginning in space, but is in-
finitely extended. 4. Infinite is used loosely and hyper-
bolically for indefinitely large, immense, of great size or
extent. — Infinite canon, in wiisic, a perpetual fugue.
fN'FI-NlTE-LY, adv. 1. Without bounds or limits. 2.
Immensely ; greatly ; to a great extent or degree.
IN'FI-NITE-NESS, n. 1. Boundless extent of time, space
or qualities ; infinity. 2. Immensity ; greatness.
IN-FIN-I-TES'I-MAL, a. Indefinitely small.
IN-FIN-I-TES'I-MAL, n. An indefinitely small quanti-
ty.
IN-FIN'I-TIVE, a. [L. infinitivus.] In grammar, the infin-
itive mode expresses the action of the verb, without limi-
tation of person or number; as, to love.
IN-FIN'I-TUDE, 71. 1. Infinity ; infiniteness ; the quality
or state of being without limits ; infinite extent. 2. Im-
mensity ; greatness. 3. Boundless number.
IN-FIN'1-TY, 71. [Fr. infinite ; L. infinitas.] 1. Unlimited
extent of time, space or quantity ; boundlessness. 2. Im-
mensity ; indefinite extent. 3. Endless or indefinite num-
ber.
IN-FiRM', a. [Fr. infirme ; L. infirmus.] 1. Not firm or
sound ; weak ; feeble. 2. Weak of mind ; irresolute. 3.
Not solid or stable.
t IN-FiRM', V. t. To weaken. Raleigh.
IN-FiRM'A-RY, n. A hospital or place where the sick are
lodged and nursed.
IN-FiRM'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. infirmatif.] Weakening; dis-
annulling.
IN-FiRM'I-TY, 71. [Fr. infirmite ; L. infirmitas.] 1. An
unsound or unhealthy state of the body ; weakness ; fee-
bleness. 2. Weakness of mind ; failing ; fault ; foible.
3. Weakness of resolution. 4. Any particular disease ;
malady. 5. Defect ; imperfection ; weakness.
IN-FiRM'NESS, ji. Weakness; feebleness; unsoundness
IN-FIX', V. t. [L. infizus.] 1. To fix by piercing or thrast
ing in. 2. To set in ; to fasten in something. 3. To im-
plant or fix, as principles in tlie mind, or ideas in the
memory.
IN-FIX'ED, (m-fixf) pp. Thrust in ; set in ; inserted ;
deeply implanted.
IN-FIX'ING, ppr. Thrusting in ; setting in ; implanting.
IN-FLaME', V. t. [L. infiammo.] 1. To set on fire ; to
kindle ; to cause to burn. 2. To excite or increase, as
passion or appetite ; to enkindle into violent action. 3.
To exaggerate ; to aggravate in description. 4. To heat ;
to excite excessive action in the blood. 5. To provoke ;
to irritate ; to anger. 6. To increase ; to exasperate. 7.
To increase ; to augment.
IN-FLaME', v. i. To grow hot, angry and painful.
IN-FLaM'ED, (in-flamd') pp. Set on fire ; enkindled ; heat-
ed ; provoked ; exasperated.
IN-FLaM'ER, n. The person or thing that inflames.
IN-FLaM'ING, ppr. Kindling ; heating ; provoking ; exas-
perating.
IN-FLAM-MA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of taking fire.
IN-FLAM'MA-BLE, a That may be set on fire ; easily en-
kindled ; susceptible of combustion.
IN-FLAM'MA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being sus-
ceptible of flame, or capable of taking fire ; inflammabil-
sf-FI
IN-FLAM-Ma'TION, 71. [L. infiammaiio.] 1. The act of
setting on fire or inflaming. 2. The state of being in flame.
— 3. In medicine and surgery, a redness and swelling of
any part of an animal body, attended with heat, pain and
febrile symptoms. 4. Violent excitement; heat; ani-
mosity ; turbulence.
IN-FLAM'MA-TO-RY, a. 1. Inflaming; tending to excite
heat or inflammation. 2. Accompanied with preternatu-
ral heat and excitement of arterial action. 3. Tending to
excite anger, animosity, tumult or sedition.
IN-FLaTE', v. t. [L. inflatus.] 1. To swell or distend by
injecting air. 2. To fill with the breath ; to blow in. 3.
To swell ; to puff" up ; to elate.
IN-FLaTE', I a. In botany, puffed ; hollow and distend-
IN-FLaT'ED, \ ed.
IN-FLaT'ED, pp. Swelled or distended with air ; puffed
up.
IN-FLaT'ING, p;)r. Distending with air ; pufling up.
IN-FLa'TION, 7?. [L.i7?^atio.] 1. The act of inflating. 2.
The state of being distended with air injected or inhaled
3. The state of being puffed up, as with vanitv. 4. Conceit.
IN-FLE€T', 7). t. [Ia. inflecto.] 1. To bend; to turn from
a direct line or course. — 2. In grammar, to vary a noun
or a verb in its terminations ; to decline, as a noun or ad-
jective, or to conjugate, as a verb. 3. To modulate, as
the voice.
IN-FLE€T'ED, pp. Bent or turned from a direct line or
course ; varied in termination.
IN-FLE€T'ING, ppr. Bending or turning from its course
varying in termination ; modulating, as the voice.
IN-FLEC'TION, n. [L. inflectio.] 1. The act of bending
or turning from a direct line or course. — 2. In optics, a
property of light by which its rays, when they approach
a body, are bent towards it or from it. — 3. In grammar,
the variation of nouns, &c. by declension, and of verbs
by conjugation. 4. Modulation of the voice in speaking.
IN-FLE€T'IVE, a. Having the power of bending.
IN-FLEX'ED, (in-flexf) a. [L. inflexus.] Turned ; bent.
INFLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, or IN-FLEX'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1.
The quality of being inflexible or not capable of being
bent ; unyielding stiffness. 2. Obstinacy of will or tem-
per ; flrmness of purpose that will not yield to importuni-
ty or persuasion ; unbending pertinacity.
IN-FLEX'I-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inflexibilis.]. 1. That can-
not be bent. 2. That will not yield to prayers or argu
ments ; firm in purpose ; not to be prevailed on ; that
cannot be turned. 3. Not to be changed or altered.
IN-FLEX'I-BLY, adv. With a firmness that resists ail im
» See Synopsis. A, fi, I O, tj, 5?, long.— F^-R, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— l Obsolete
INF
451
ING
portunity or persuasion ; with unyielding pertinaciousness j
inexorable.
IN-FLEX'ION. See Inflection.
fN-FLICT', V. t. [L. inflicfus.] To lay on ; to throw or
send on ; to apply.
IN-FLI€T'ED, pp. Laid on ; applied, as punishments or
judgments.
m-FLI€T'ER, n. He who lays on or applies
IN-FLI€T'ING, ppr. Laying on j applying.
(N-FLI€'TION, M. [L. infiictio.] 1. The act of laying on
or applying. 2. The punishment applied.
[N-FLICT'IVE, a. Tending or able to inflict.
IN-FLO-RES'CENCE, n. [L. inflorescens.] 1. In botany,
a mode of flowering, or the manner in which flowers are
supported on their foot-stalks or peduncles. 2. A flower-
ing ; the unfolding of blossoms.
IN'FLU-ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. influens.] \. Literally, a flow-
ing In, — 2. In a general sense, injiuence denotes power
whose operation is invisible and known only by its ef-
fects. 3. The power which celestial bodies are supposed
to exert on terrestrial. 4. Moral power ; power of truth
operating on the mind 5. Physical power ; power that
affects natural bodies by unseen operation. 6. Power act-
ing on sensibility. 7. Spiritual power, or the immediate
power of God on the mind.
IN'FLU-ENCE, v. t. 1. To move by physical power ope-
rating by unseen laws or force ; to affect. 2. To move by
moral power ; to act on and affect, as the mind or will, in
persuading or dissuading ; to induce. 3. To move, as
the passions. 4. To lead or direct.
IN'FLU-ENCED, pp. Moved ; excited ; affected ; persuaded ;
induced.
IN'FLU-EN-CING, ppr. Moving ; affecting ; inducing.
IN'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing in. [Little used.] ^rbuthrcot.
IN-FLU-EN'TIAL, a. Exerting influence or power by; in-
visible operation. Milner.
IN-FLU-EN'TIAL-LY, adv. By means of influence, so as
to incline, move or direct.
IN-FLU-EN'ZA, n. [It. influenza^ An epidemic catarrh.
IN'FLUX, n. [L. injiuxus.] 1. The act of flowing in ; as
an influx of light or other fluid. 2. Infusion ; intromis-
sion. 3. Influence ; power ; [obs.] 4. A coming in ; in-
troduction ; importation in abundance.
''N-FLUX'ION, n. Infusion j intromission. Bacon.
i IN-FLUX'IOUS, a. Influential.
/N-FLUX'IVE, a. Having influence, or having a tendency
to flow in. HalesiDo^th.
IN-F6LD', v.i. 1. To involve ; to wrap up or inwrap ; to
inclose. 2. To clasp with the arms ; to embrace. Sfiak.
IN-FOLD'ED, pp. Involved ; inwrapped ; inclosed ; em-
braced.
IN-FoLD'ING, ppr. Involving ; wrapping up ; clasping.
^N-Fo'LI-ATE, V. f. IL. hi and folium.] To cover or over-
spread with leaves. [JVot much used.]
iN-FOS.W,v.t. [Fr. informer.] 1. To animate; to give
life to ; to actuate by vital powers. 2. To instruct ; to
tell to ; to acquaint ; to communicate knowledge to ; to
make known to by word or writing. 3. To communicate
a knowledge of facts to one by way of accusation.
IN-FORM', V. i. To give intelligence. Shak.— To inform
against, to communicate facts by way of accusation.
IN-FORM', a. [L. informis.] Without regular form ; shape-
less ; ugly.
IN-FORM'AL, a. 1. Not in the regular or usual form. 2.
Not in the usual manner ; not according to custom. 3.
Not with the official forms.
IN-FOR-MAL'I-TY, n. Want of regular or customary form.
IN-FORM'AL-LY, adv. In an irregular or informal man-
ner ; without the usual forms.
IN-FORM' ANT, n. 1. One who informs, or gives intelli-
gence. 2. One who offers an accusation.
IN-FOR-Ma'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. informatio.] 1. Intelli-
gence ; notice, news or advice communicated by word or
writing. 2. Knowledge derived from reading or instruc-
tion. 3. Knowledge derived from the senses or from the
operation of the intellectual faculties. 4. Communication
of facts for the purpose of accusation ; a charge or accusa-
tion exhibited to a magistrate or court.
iN-FORM'A-TiVE, a. Having power to animate.
IN-FORM'ED, (iu-formd') pp. Told ; instructed ; made ac-
quainted.
IN -FORM'ER, n. 1. One who animates, informs or gives
intelligence. 2. One who communicates, or whose duty
it is to communicate to a magistrate a knowledge of the
violations of law, and bring the offenders to trial.
IN-FORM'I-DA-BLE, a. Not formidable ; not to be feared
or dreaded. Milton.
IN-FORM'ING, ppr. 1. Giving notice or intelligence ; tell-
ing. 2. Communicating facts by way of accusation.
IN-FORM'I-TY, n. [L. informis.] Want of regular form ;
shapelessness. Brown.
IN-FORM'OUS, a. [Fr. informe ; L. informis.] Of no regu-
lar form or figure ; shapeless. Brown.
IN-FOR'TU-NATE, a. Unlucky ; unfortunate.
t IN-FOR'TU-NATE-LY, adv. Unfortunately.
tIN-FOR'TUNE, 71. Misfortune. Elyot.
IN-FRACT', V. t. [L. infractus.] To break ; to violate.
IN-FRA€'T10N, n. [Fr. ; Tu.infr actio.] The act of break-
ing ; breach ; violation ; non-observance, JVatts.
IN-FRA€T'OR, n. One that violates an agreement, fcc.
IN-FRA-MUND'ANE, a. [L. infra and mundanus.] Lying
or being beneath the world.
IN-FRAN'GI-BLE, a. 1. Not to be broken or separated into
parts^ 2. Not to be violated.
IN-FRE'aUENCE, ) n. [L. infrequentia.] Uncommon-
IN-FRE'CtUEN-CY, ) ness ; rareness ; the. state of rarely
occurring.
IN-FRE'GlUENT, a. [L. infrequens.] Rare ; uncommon :
seldom happening or occurring to notice ; unfrequent.
t IN-FRE-aUENT', v. t. Not to frequent ; to desert. Ji
Wood.
IN-FRI6'I-DATE, v. t. To chill ; to make cold,
IN-FRIG-I-Da'TION, 71, The act of making cold.
IN-FRINGE', (in-frinji) v. t. [L. infringo.] 1. To break, as
contracts ; to violate ; to transgress ; to neglect to fulfill or
obey. 2, To destroy or hinder ; [little used.]
IN-FRIN6'ED, (in-frinjd') pp. Broken ; violated ; trans-
gressed,
IN-FRINGE'MENT, (in-frinj'ment) n. Act of violating ;
breach ; violation ; non-fulfilment.
IN-FRIN6'ER, n. One who violates ; a violator.
IN-FRING'ING, ppr. Breaking ; violating ; transgressing ;
failing to observe or fulfil.
IN-FRtJ'GAL, a. Not frugal ; careless ; extravagant.
IN'FU-CATE, V. t. [L. infuco.] To stain ; to paint ; to daub.
IN-FuM'ED, (in-fiimd') a. [L. infumatus.] Dried in smoke.
IN-FUN-DIB'U-LI-FORM, a. [L, infundibulum.] In botany,
having the shape of a funnel, as the crrol of a flower ;
monopetalous, having a conical border rising from a tube.
IN-FU'RI-ATE, a. Enraged ; mad ; raging, Milton.
IN-FU'RI-ATE, V. t. To render furious or mad ; to enrage.
IN-FUS'€ATE, v. t. [L. infuscatus.] To darken ; to make
IN-FUS-€A'TI0N, n. The act of darkening or blackening.
IN-FUSE', V. t. [Fr. irfuser.] 1. To pour in, as a liquid. 2.
To instill, as principles or qualities. 3. To pour in or in-
still, as into the mind. 4, To introduce. 5. To inspire
with; [obs.] 6. To steep in liquor without boiling, for
the purpose of extracting medicinal qualities, 7. To make
an infusion with an ingredient ; [tibs.]
t IN-FUSE', n. Infusion. Spenser.
IN-FuS'ED, (in-fuzd') pp. Poured in ; instilled ; steeped.
IN-FUS'ER, 71, One who infuses.
IN-FU-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The capacity of being infused
or poured in, 2. The incapacity of being fused or dis-
solved.
IN-FU'SI-BLE, a. That may be infused,
IN-Fu'SI-BLE, a. Not fusible ; incapable of fusion ; that
cannot be dissolved or melted.
IN-FUS'ING, ppr. Pouring in ; instilling ; steeping.
IN-FO'SION, 71. L The act of pouring in, or instilling ; in-
stillation. 2. Suggestion ; whisper, — 3. In pharmacy, the
process of steeping in liquor, an operation by which the
medicinal qualities of plants may be extracted by a liquor
without boiling. 4. The liquor in which plants are
steeped, and which is impregnated with their virtues or
qualities.
IN-Fu'SIVE, a. Having the power of infusion.
IN-FtJ'SO-RY, a. The infusory order of worms [vermes]
comprehends those minute and si.mple animalcules which
are seldom capable of being traced except by the micro-
scope. Oood.
ING, in Saxon, signifies a pasture or meadow, Goth, winga.
See English.
flN-GAN-NA'TION, 71. [It. ingannare.] Cheat; fraud.
jlN'GATE, n. Entrance ; passage in. Spenser.
IN-GATH'ER-ING, n. The act or business of collecting
and securing the fruits of the earth ; harvest,
IN-6EL'A-BLE, a. That-cannot be congealed.
IN-GEMT-NATE, a. [L. ingeminatus.] Redoubled.
IN-6EM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. ingemino.] To double or repeat.
IN-6EM-I-Na'TION, n. Repetition ; reduplication,
t IN-GEN'DER, v. i. To come together ; to join. Milton.
IN-6EN'DER. See Engender.
IN-6EN-ER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Incapacity of being engen-
dered.
IN-GEN'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be engendered.
IN-6EN'ER-ATE, v. t. [It. ingenero.] To generate or pro-
duce within. Fellows.
IN-6EN'ER-ATE, a. Generated within ; inborn ; innate ;
inbred. Wotton.
IN-GEN'ER-A-TED, pp. Produced within. Hale.
IN-6EN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Generating or producing within
* IN-6e'NI-0US, a. [L. ingeriiosus.] 1. Possessed of genius,
or the faculty of invention ; hence, skillful or prompt to
invent ; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new
combinations of ideas. 2. Proceeding from genius or in-
genuity ; of curious design, structure or mechanism, 3
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.~€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
ING
452
INH
Witty J well formed ; well adapted. 4. Mental ; intel-
iectu^ : [obs.]
•IN-6e'N1-OUS-LY, adv. With ingenuity ; with readiness
in contrivance ; with skill.
* IN-6e NI-OUS-NESS, n. I. The quality of being ingenious
or prompt in invention; ingenuity. 2. Curiousness of
design or mechanism.
LN-6EN'ITE, a. [L. ingenittis.] Innate ; inborn ; inbred ;
native ; ingenerate.
IN-GE-NU'I-TY, n. [Fr. ingenuite.] 1. The quality or
power of ready invention ; quickness or acuteness in
combining ideas, or in forming new combinations ; in-
geniousness ; s<ill. 2. Curiousness in design, the effect
of ingenuity. 3. Openness of heart ; fairness; candor.
IN-6ENIU-OUS, a. [L. ingenuus.] 1. Open; frank ; fair;
candid ; free from reserve, disguise, equivocation or dis-
simulation. 2. Noble ; generous. 3. Of honorable ex-
traction ; freeborn.
IN-6EN'U-0US-LY, adv. Openly ; fairly ; candidly ; with-
out reserve or dissimulation. Dryden.
IN-6EN'U-0US-NESS, n. 1. Openness of heart ; frank-
ness ; fairness ; freedom from reserve or dissimulation,
2. Fairness; candidness.
t IN'6E-NY, 71. Wit ; ingenuity. Bacon
IN-6EST', V. t. [L. ingestus.] To throw into the stomach.
[Little used.] Brown.
IN-6ES'TI0N, n. The act of throwing into the stomach.
flN'GLE, n. [qu. L. ignicnlus.] 1. Flame; blaze. Ray. —
2. In Scottish, a fire, or fireplace. Burv^.
IN-GLo'RI-OUS, a. [L. inglorius.] 1. Not glorious ; not
bringing honor or glory ; not accompanied with fame or
celebrity. 2. Shameful ; disgraceful.
IN-GLo'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With want of glory ; dishonor-
ably ; with shame.
IN-GLo'RI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being inglorious. Bp.
Oauden.
IN'GOT, n. [Fr. lingot.] A mass or wedge of gold or silver
cast in a mold ; a mass of unwrought metal.
IN-GRAFT', V. t. 1. To insert a cion of one tree or plant
into another for propagation. 2. To propagate by insition.
3. To plant or introduce something foreign into that which
is native, for the purpose of propagation. 4. To set or fix
deep and firm.
IN-GRAFT'ED, pp. Inserted into a stock for growth and
propagation ; introduced into a native stock ; set or fixed
deep.
IN-GRAFT'ING, ppr. Inserting, as cions in stocks ; intro-
ducing and inserting on a native stock what is foreign ;
fixing deep.
TN-GRAFT'MENT, n. 1. The act of ingrafting. 2. The
thing ingrafted.
* IN'GRAIN, or IN-GRaIN', v. t. [in and grain.] To dye
in the grain, or before manufacture.
* IN'GRAINED, or IN-GRaIN'ED. (in-grand') pp. Dyed in
the grain or in the raw material.
*IN'GRAIN-ING, or IN-GRaIN'ING, ppr. Dyeing in the
raw material.
IN-GRAP'PLED, a. Grappled ; seized on; intwined.
IN'GRATE, ) a. [L. ingratus.] 1. Ungrateful ; un-
IN-GRaTE'FUL, <, thankful ; not having feelings of kind-
ness for a favor received. 2. Unpleasing to the sense.
IN'GRATE, n. [Fr. ingrat.] An ungrateful person.
t IN-GRaTE'LY, atft;. Ungratefully. Sylvester.
IN-GRaTE'FUL-LY, adi\ Ungratefully.
IN-GRaTE'FUL-NESS, n. Ungratefulness.
IN-GRa'TIAT E, (in-gra'shate) ?;. t. [1,. in and gratia.] 1.
To commend one's self to another's good will, confidence
or kindness. 2. To recommend ; to render easy.
TN-GRa'TIA-TING, ppr. Commending one's self to the
favor of another.
IN-GRa'TIA-TING, 71. The act of commending one's self
to another's favor.
IN-GRAT'I-TUDE, 71. [Fr. ; in and gratitude.] 1. Want of
gratitude or sentiments of kindness for favors received ;
insensibility to favors, and want of a disposition to re-
pay them; unthankfulness. 2, Retribution of evil for
good
t IN-GRaVE', v. t. To bury.
IN-GRAVI-DATE, v. t. TL. gravidus.] To impregnate.
flN-GREAT', V. t. To make great. Fatherly.
IN-GRe'DI-ENT, 71. [Fr. ; L. ingrediens.] That which en-
ters into a compound, or is a component part of any com-
pound or mixture.
IN'GRESS, 71. [L. ingressus.] 1. Entrance. 2. Power of
entrance ; means of entering.
IN-GRES'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. ingressio.] The act of enter-
ing ; entrance. Dighy.
IN'GUI-NAL, a. [L. inguen.] Pertaining to the groin.
IN-GULF', V. t 1. To swallow up in a vast deep, gulf or
whirlpool. Milton. 2. To cast into a gulf. Hayward.
TN-GULF'ED, (in-gulft') pp. Swallowed up in a gulf or vast
deep ; cast into a gulf.
IN-GULF'ING, ppr. Swallowing up in a gulf, whirlpool or
vast deep.
IN-GUR'6I-TATE, v. t. [L. ingurgito.] To swallow greed-
ily or in great quantity. Diet.
IN-GUR'6I-TATE, v. i. To drink larf^ely ; to swill.
IN-GUR-6I-Ta'TION, n. The act of swallowing greedily,
or in great quantity. Dq,rwin.
IN-GUST'A-BLE, a. That cannot be tasted. [Little used.]
* IN-HAB'lLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inhabilis.] 1. Not apt or fit ,
unfit ; not convenient. 2. Unskilled ; unready ; unqual -
ified ; [little used.] See Unable.
IN-HA-BIL'I-TY, n. Unaptness ; unfitness ; want of skill.
[Little used.] See Inability.
IN-HAB'IT, V. t. [L. inhabito.] To live or dwell in ; to oc-
cupy as a place of settled residence.
IN-HAB'IT, v. i. To dwell ; to live ; to abide.
IN-HAB I-TA-BLE, a. 1. Habitable ; that may be inhabit-
ed ; capable of affording habitation to animals. 2. [Fr.
inhabitable.] Not habitable ; [obs.] Shak.
IN-HAB'I-TANCE, n. Residence of dwellers. [L. u.] Carew.
IN-HAB'I-TAN-CY, n. Residence ; habitancy ; permanent
or legal residence.
IN-HAB'I-TANT, n. 1. A dweller ; one who dwells or re-
sides permanently in a place, or who has a fixed resi-
dence, as distinguished from an occasional lodger or visit-
or. 2. One who has a legal settlement in a town, city or
parish.
IN-HAB-I-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of inhabiting, or state
of being inhabited. 2. Abode ; place of dwelling. 3.
Population ; whole mass of inhabitants ; [little used.]
IN-HAB'IT-ED, pp. Occupied by inhabitants, human or
irrational.
IN-HAB'IT-ER, n. One who inhabits ; a dweller ; an in-
habitant. Derham.
IN-HAB'IT-ING, ppr. Dwelling in ; occupying as a settled
or permanent inhabitant ; residing in.
IN-HAB'IT-RESS, n. A female inhabitant.
IN-HaLE', v. t. [L. inhalo.] To draw into the lungs ; to
inspire.
IN-HaL'ED, (in-hald') pp. Drawn into the lungs.
IN-HaL'ER, n. 1. One who inhales. — 2. In medicine, a ma-
chine for breathing or drawing warm steam into the
lungs, as a remedy for coughs and catarrhal complaints .
IN-HaL'ING, ppr. Drawing into the lungs ; breathing,
S:S^:S8n'I-€'aL, i ^' Unharmomous; discordant.
IN-HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Not harmonious ; unmusical ; dis-
cordant. Broome.
IN-HAR-MoiNI-OUS-LY, adv. Without harmony; dis-
cordantly,
IN-HeRE , V. i. [L. inhcereo.] To exist or be fixed in
something else.
IN-He'RENCE, } n. Existence in something ; a fixed state
IN-He'REN-CY, ^ of being in another body or substance.
IN-He'RENT, a. 1. Existing in something else, so as to bo
inseparable from it. 2. Innate ; naturally pertaining to.
IN-He'RENT-LY, adv. By inherence. Bentlcy.
IN-HeR'ING, ppr. Existing or fixed in something else.
IN-HER'IT, V. t. [Sp. heredar ; Fr. heriter.] 1. To take by
descent from an ancestor ; to take by succession ; to re-
ceive, as a right or title descendible by law from an an-
cestor. 2. To receive by nature from a progenitor. 3
To possess ; to enjoy ; to take as a possession, by gift.
IN-HER'IT, v. i. To take or have possession or property.
IN-HER'IT- A-BLE, a. 1. That may be inherited ; trans-
missible or descendible from the ancestor to the heir. 2
That may be transmitted from the parent to the child. 3
Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by
descent.
IN-HER'IT-A-BLY, adv. By inheritance. Sherwood.
IN-HER'IT-ANCE, n. 1. An estate derived from an ances-
tor to an heir by succession. 2, The reception of an
estate by hereditary right, or the descent by which an
estate or title is cast on the heir. 3. The estate or pos-
session which may descend to an heir, though it has not
descended. 4. An estate given or possessed by donation
or divine appropriation 5. That which is possessed or
enjoyed.
IN-HER'IT-ED, pp. Received by descent from an ancestor,
IN-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Taking by succession or right of rep-
resentation ; receiving from ancestors ; possessing.
IN-HER'IT-OR, 71. An heir ; one who inherits or may in-
herit.
IN-HER'I-TRESS, ) 71. An heiress; a female who inherits,
IN-HER'I-TRIX, S or is entitled to inherit, after the
death of her ancestor.
IN-HERSE', (in-hers') v. t. [in and herse.] To inclose in a
funeral monument, Shak.
IN-He'SION, 71. [1.. inhoBsio.] Inherence; the state of ex-
isting or being fixed in something,
t IN-HI-a'TION, 71, [L, inhiatio.] A gaping after; eager
desire,
IN-HIB'IT, v. t. [Fr. inhiber ; L. inhibeo.] 1. To restrain
to hinder ; to check or repress. 2. To forbid ; to prohibit ;
to interdict.
• See Synopsis A, £, I, 0, ©, "?, long — FAR, FA.LL, WH>«k.T ,— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
INJ
INL
tN-HIB'IT-fiD, pp. Restrained ; forbid.
IN-HIB'IT-ING, ppr. Restraining ; repressing ; prohibiting.
JN-HI-BI"TION, n. [Ft. ; L. inhibitio.] 1. Prohibition ;
restraint ; embargo.— 2. In law, a writ to forbid or inhibit
a judge from farther proceedings in a cause depending
before him.
IN-HoLD', V. t. ; pret. and pp. inheld. To have inherent j
to contain in itself. [Little used.] Raleigh.
t IN-HoLD'ER, n. An inhabitant. Spenser.
IN-HOOP', V. t. To confine or inclose in any place.
IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not hospitable ; not disposed to
entertain strangers gratuitously. 2. Affording no con-
veniences, subsistence or shelter to strangers. Vryden.
IN-HOS'PI-TA-BLY, adv. Unkindly to strangers. Milton.
IN-HOS PI-TA-BLE-NESS, ) n. Want of hospitality or
IN-HOS-PI-TAL'I-TY, \ kindness to strangers.
IN-Hu'MANj a. [Fr. inhumain ; L. inhumanus.'] 1. Desti-
tute of the kindness and tenderness that belong to a hu-
man being ; cruel ; barbarous ; savage ; unfeeling. 2.
Marked with cruelty.
IN-HU-MAN I-TY, n. [Fr. inhumanite.] 1, Cruelty in dis-
position ; savageness of heart. 2. Cruelty in act ; bar-
barity.
IN-Hu'MAN-LY, adv. With cruelty ; barbarously. Swift.
IN-HD'MATE, J tj. t. [Fr inhumer ; lu. inhumo.] 1. To
IN-HuME', ) bury ; to inter ; to deposit in the eartii,
as a dead body. 2. To digest in a vessel surrounded with
warm earth.
IN-HU-MaTION, 71. 1. The act of burying; interment.—
2. In chemistry, a method of digesting substances by bury-
ing the vessel containing them in warm earth, or a like
substance.
IN-HuM'ED, (in-humd') pp. Buried ; interred.
IN-HuM'ING, ppr. Burying ; interring.
IN-IM-A6'IN-A-BLE, a. Unimaginab inconceivable.
Pearson.
* IN-IM'I-eAL, a. [L. inimicus.] 1. Unfriendly ; having
the disposition or temper of an enemy. 2. Adverse ; hurt-
ful ; repugnant. Ward.
IN-IM-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being incapable
of imitation. JVorris.
IN-IM'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. inimitdbilis.] That cannot be
imitated or copied ; surpassing imitation.
IN-IM'I-TA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be imitated ;
to a degree beyond imitation. Broome.
IN-ia'UI-TOUS, a. Unjust ; wicked.
IN-IQ,'UI-TY, n. [Fr. iniquite ; L. iniquitas.] 1. Injustice ;
unrighteousness ; a deviation from rectitude. 2. Want
of rectitude in principle. 3. A particular deviation from
rectitude ; a sin or crime ; wickedness ; any act of injus-
tice. 4. Original want of holiness.
tIN-ia'U-OUS, a. Unjust.
IN-IR-RI-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inirrita-
ble, or not susceptible of contraction by excitement.
IN-IR'RI-TA-BLE, a. Not irritable ; not susceptible of irri-
tation, or contraction by excitement.
IN-IR'RI-TA-TlVE, a. Not accompanied with excitement.
t IN-lSLE', (in-Ile') v. t. To sun-ound ; to encircle.
IN-I"TIAL, a. [Fr. ; L. miiiaZis.] 1. Beginning; placed at
the beginning. 2. Beginning ; incipient.
IN-I'TIAL, n. The first letter of a name.
IN-i"TIAL-LY, adv. In an incipient degree. Barrow.
IN-I"TIATE, v. t. [Low L. initio.] 1. To instruct in rudi-
ments or principles ; or to introduce into any society or
sect by instructing the candidate in its principles or cere-
monies. 2. To introduce into a new state or society. 3.
To instruct ; to acquaint with. 4. To begin upon.
IN-I"TIATE, V. i. To do the first act ; to perform the first
rite. Pope.
IN-i"TIATE, a. 1. Unpracticed. 2. Begun ; commenced.
IN-I"TIATE, n. One who is initiated. J. Barlow.
IN-1"TIA-TED, pp. Instructed in the first principles ; en-
tered.
IN-i 'TIA-TING, ppr. Introducing by instruction, or by ap-
propriate ceremonies.
IN-I-TI-A'TION, n. [L. initiatio.] 1. The act or process of
introducing one into a new society, by instructing him in
its principles, rules or ceremonies. 2. The act or process
of making one acquainted with principles before un-
known. 3. Admission by application of ceremonies or
use of symbols.
IN-I"TIA-TO-RY, a. Initiating or serving to initiate ; in-
troducing by instruction, or by the use and application of
symbols or ceremonies.
IN-l"TIA-TO-RY, 71. Introductory rite. L. Addison.
tIN-I"TION,n. Beginning. Maunton.
IN-JE€T', V. t. [L. injectus.] 1. To throw in ; to dart in.
2. To cast or throw on.
IN-JECT'ED, pp. Thrown in or on.
fN-JE€T'lNG, ppr. Throwing in or on
IN-JEC'TION, 71. TFr.; L. ivjectio,] 1. The act of throw-
ing in, particulai-i/ that of throwing a liquid medicine
into the body by a tyringe or pipe. 2. A liquid medicine
thrown into the body by a syringe or pipe j a clyster. — 3.
in anatomy, the act of filling the vessels of an animal body
with some colored substance, in order to render visible
their figures and ramifications
IN-JOIN'. See Enjoin.
IN-JU-€UND'I-TY, 71. [L. injucunditas.] Unpleasantness;
disagreeableness. [Little used.]
IN-JU'DI-€A-BLE, a. Not cognizable by a judge. [L. u.]
IN-JU-Dl"CIAL, a. Not according to the forms of law.
IN-JU-Dl"CIOUS, a. 1. Notjudicous; void of judgment;
acting without judgment ; unwise. 2. Not according to
sound judgment or discretion ; unwise.
IN-JU-Dl"CIOUS-LY, adv. Without judgment ; unwisely.
IN-JU-D1"CI0US-NESS, n. The quality of being injudi-
cious or unwise. Whitlock.
IN-JUNCTION, n. [L. injunctio.] 1. A command; or-
der ; precept , the direction of a superior vested with au-
thority. 2. Urgent advice or exhortation of persons not
vested with absolute authority to command. — 3. In law,
a writ or order of the court of chancery, directed to an infe-
rior court, or to parties and their counsel, directing them
to stay proceedings, or to do some act, as to put the plain-
tiffin possession for want of the defendant's appearance,
to stay waste or other injury, &.c.
IN'JURE, V. t. [Fr. injure.] I. To hurt or wound, as the
person ; to impair soundness. 2. To damage or lessen the
value of. 3. To slander, tarnish or impair. 4. To im-
pair or diminish ; to annoy. 5. To give pam to ; to
grieve. 6. To impair, as the intellect or mind. 7. To
hurt or waken. 8. To impair ; to violate. 9. To make
worse. — } ). In general, to wrong the person, to damage
the property, or to lessen the happiness of ourselves or
others.
IN'JURED, pp. Hurt; wounded; damaged; impaired;
weakened ; made worse.
IN'JUR-ER, 71. One who injures or wrongs.
IN'JUR-ING, ppr. Hurting; damaging; impauring; weak-
enijig ; rendering worse.
IN-Ju'RI-OUS, a. [L. injurius.] I. Wrongful ; unjust ;
hurtful to the rights of another. 2, Hurtful to the person
or health. 3. Affecting with damage or loss. 4. Mis-
chievous ; hurtful. 5. Lessening or tarnishing reputa-
tion. 6. Detractory; contumelious; hurting reputation.
IN-Ju'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Wrongfully ; hurtfully ; with in-
justice ; mischievously.
IN-JuTvI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being injurious or
hurtful ; injury.
IN'JU-RY, n. [L. injuria.] 1. In general, any wrong or
damage done to a man's person, rights, reputation or
goods. 2. Mischief; detriment. 3. Any diminution of
that which is good, valuable or advantageous.
IN-JUS'TlCE, 71. [Fr.; L. injustitia.] 1. Iniquity ; wrong;
any violation of^ another's rights. 2. The withholding
from another merited praise, or ascribing to him unmerit-
ed blame.
INK, 71. [Ii.inkt;'Fx. encre.] I. A black liquor or substance
used for writing. 2. Any liquor used for writing or form-
ing letters, as red ink, &c. 3. A pigment.
INK, V. t. To black or daub with ink.
INK'HORN, 71. [ink and horn.] 1. A small vessel used to
hold ink. 2. A portable case for the instruments of writ-
ing.
t INK'HORN, a. A reproachful epithet, meaning affected,
pedantic or pompous. Bale.
INK'I-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being inky
IN'KLE, 7?. A kind of narrow fillet ; tape. Shak.
INK'LING , 71. A hint or whisper ; an intimation. [L. «.]
INK'Ma-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make ink
IN-KNOT', (in-nof) v. t. To bind as with a knot.
INK'STAND, 7i. A vessel for holding ink.
INK'-STONE, n. A kind of small round stone used In
making ink. Encijc.
INK'Y, a. 1. Consisting of ink ; resembling ink ; blacls
2. Tarnished or blackened with ink.
IN-LaCE'j v. t. To embellish with variegations,
IN-LaID', pp. of inlay, which see.
IN'LAND, a. I. Interior ; remote from the sea. 2. With
in land ; remote from the ocean. 3. Carried on within a
country ; domestic, not foreign. 4. Confined to a court-
try ; drawn and payable in the same country.
IN'LAND, n. The interior part of a country. Mlton.
IN'LAND-ER, n. One who lives in the interior of a coun-
try, or at a distance from the sea. Brown.
IN-LAND'ISH, a. Denoting something inland ; native.
IN-LAP'I-DATE, v. t. To convert into a stony substance ;
to petrify. [Little used.] Bacon.
IN-LAY', V. t.; pret. and pp. inlaid. To veneer ; to diversi-
fy cabinet or other work by laying in thin slices of fine
wood.
IN'LAY, 71. Matter or pieces of wood inlaid. Mlton.
IN-LaY'ER, n. The person who inlays.
IN-La Y'ING, vpr The operation of diversifying or orna-
menting work wiih thin pieces of wood.
IN-LAW, V. t. To clear of outlawry or attainder.
IN'LET, 71. 1. A passage or opening l)y which an inclosed
5£C Sv?iopsw MOVE, BQQK, DOVE H-BULL. UNITE.— € ati K ; G-as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aslu this f Obsolete
INN
454
INO
place may be entered ; place of ingress ; entrance. 2. A
bay or recess in the shore of the sea or of a lake or large
river, or between isles.
IN LIM'I-NE. [L.J At the threshold 3 at the beginning or
outset.
IN-LIST', V. i. To enter into military service by signing
articles and receiving a sum of money.
IN-LIST', V. t. To engage or procure to enter into military
service. See Enlist.
IN-LIST'ED, pp. Engaged in military service.
IN-LIST'ING, ppr. Entering or engaging in military ser-
vice.
TN-LIST'MENT, 71. 1. The act of inlisting. Marshall. 2.
The writing containing the terms of military service,
and a list of names of those who enter into the service.
1N-L0€K', ?j. t. To lock or inclose one thing within an-
other
IN'LY, 0. [in and like.] Internal ; interior ; secret. Shak.
IN'LY, adv. IntemaUy; within 3 in the heart; secretly.
JiRlton.
IN'MATE, 71. [in or inn, and mate.] 1. A person who
lodges or dwells in the same house with another. 2. A
lodger ; one who lives with a family.
IN'MATE, a. Admitted as a dweller. Milton.
IN'MoST, a. [in and most.] Deepest within 3 remotest from
the surface or external part. Addison.
INN, 71. [Sax. inn.] 1. A house for the lodging and enter-
tainment of travelers. In America, it is often a tavern,
where liquors are furnished to travelers or others. — 2. In
England, SiCci^Xege of municipal or common law professors
and students —77t7t^ 0/ court, colleges in which students
of law reside and are instructed. The principal are the
Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln's Inn, and
Gray's Inn. — /titi^ o/c/toTicer?/, colleges in which young
students formerly began their law studies.
INN-HoLD'ER, n. [inn and hold.] 1. A person who
keeps an inn or house for the entertainment of travel-
ers ; also, a taverner. 2. An inhabitant 3 [obs.] Spenser.
INN'KEEP-ER, 71. [inn and keep.] An inuholder. In
America, the innkeeper is often a tavernkeeper or tavern-
er, as well as an innkeeper.
INN, V. i. To take up lodging ; to lodge. Donne.
INN, V. t. To house 3 to put under cover. Bacon.
IN'NATE, a. [L. innMus.] Inborn 3 native 3 natural. £71-
cyc.
t IN'NA-TED, for innate.
IN NATE-LY, adv. Naturally.
IN'NATE-NESS, n. The quality of being innate.
IN-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. [L. innavigabilis.] That cannot
be navigated ; impassable by ships or vessels. Dryden.
IN'NER, a. [from in.] 1. Interior 3 farther inward than
something else. 2. Interior ; internal 3 not outward.
IN'NER-LY, adv. More within. Barret.
IN'NER-MoST, a. Farthest inward 3 most remote from the
outward part. Prov. xviii.
IN-NERVE', (in-nerv') v. t. [in and nerve.] To give nerve
to ; to invigorate ; to strengthen. Dwight.
IN'NING, 71. 1. The ingathering of grain. 2. A term in
cricket, a turn for using the bat.
INN'INGS, 71. Lands recovered from the sea.
IN'NO-CENCE, I n. [Fr, ; L. innocentia.] 1. Properly,
IN'NO-CEN-CY, \ freedom from any quality that can in-
jure ; innoxiousness 3 harmlessness. — 2. In s. moral sense,
freedom from crime, sin or guilt : untainted purity of
heart and life; unimpaired integrity. 3. Freedom from
guilt or evil intentions ; simplicity of heart. 4. Freedom
from the guilt of a particular sin or crime. 5. The state
of being lawfully conveyed to a belligerent, or of not be-
ing contraband.
IN'NO-CENT, a. [Fr. 3 L. innocens.] I. Properly, not
noxious ; not producing injury ; free from qualities that
can injure ; harmless ; innoxious. 2. Free from guilt ;
not liaving done wrong or violated any law ; not tainted
with sin ; pure ; upright. 3. Free from the guilt of a par-
ticular crime or evil action. 4. Lawful ; permitted. 5.
Not contraband ; not subject to forfeiture.
IN'NO-CENT, n. 1. One free from guilt or harm. Shak. 2.
A natural ; an idiot ; [unusual.] Hooker.
IN'NO-CENT-LY, adv. 1. Without harm ; without incur-
ring guilt. 2. With simplicity ; without evil design. 3.
Without incurring a forfeiture or penalty.
IN-NO€'U-OUS, a. [L. innocnus.] Harmless; safe; pro-
ducing no ill effect ; innocent.
IN-NOe'U-OUS-IiY, adv. Without harm ; without injuri-
ous effects.
IN-NOeU-OUS-NESS, n. Harmlessness; the quality of
being destitute of mischievous qualities or effects. Digby.
IN-NOM'I-NA-BLE, a. Not to be named. Chaucer.
IN-NOM'I-NATE, a. Having no name ; anonymous.
IN'NO-VATE, V. t. [Fr. innover ,• L. innovo.] 1. To change
or alter by introducing something new. 2. To bring in
something new.
IN'NO-VATE, r. i. To introduce novelties ; to make
changes in any thing established.
IN'NO-VA-TED, pp. Changed by the introduction of some-
thing new.
IN'NO-VA-TING, ppr. Introducing novelties.
IN-NO-Va'TION, 71. Change made by the introduction of
something new; change in established laws, customs,
rites or practices.
IN'NO-VA-TOR, 71. 1. An introducer of changes. 2. One
who introduces something new. South.
IN-NOX'IOUSj a. [L. innoxius.] 1. Free from mischiev-
ous qualities ; innocent ; harmless. 2. Not producing
evil ; harmless in effects. 3. Free from crime 3 pure 3 in-
nocent.
IN-NOX'IOQS-LY, odTJ. 1. Harmlessly 3 without mischief
2. Without harm suffered. Broxon.
IN-NOXIOUS-NESS, 71. Harmlessness. Tooke.
IN-N(J-END'0, 71. [L. innuo.] 1. An oblique hint ; are-
mote intimation or reference to a person or thing not
named. — 2. In law, a word used to point out the precise
person.
IN'NU-ENT, a. [L. innuens.] Significant. Burton.
IN-NU-MER-A-BIL'I-TY, or IN-NU'MER-A-BLE-NESS,
n. State of being innumerable. Fotherby.
IN-Nu'MER-A-BLE, a. [L. innumerabilis.] 1. Not to be
counted ; that cannot be enumerated or numbered for
multitude. — 2. In a loose sense, very numerous.
IN-NU'MER-A-BLY, adv. Without number.
IN-Nu'MER-OUS, a. [L.innumerus.] Too many to be count-
ed or numbered ; innumerable. Pope.
IN-NU-TRi "TION, n. [in and nutrition.] Want of nutri-
tion ; failure of nourishment. Darwin.
IN-NU-TRl"TIOUS, a. Not nutritious ; not supplying
nourishment ; not nourishing. Darwin.
IN-0-BE'DI-ENCE, 7i. Disobedience ; neglect of obedi
ence._
IN-0-Be'DI-ENT, a. Not yielding obedience 3 neglecting
to obey.
IN-OB-SERV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be seen or observed
IN-OB-SERV'ANCE, n. Want of observance 3 neglect of
observing 3 disobedience. Bacon.
IN-OB-SERV'ANT, a. Not taking notice. Beddoes.
IN-OB-SER-VaTION, 7i. Neglect or want of observation
IN-Oe'U-LATE. V. t. [L. inoculo.] 1. To bud 3 to insert
the bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant, for the
purpose of growth on the new stock. 2. To communi
cate a disease to a person by inserting infectious matte*
in his skin or flesh.
IN-0€'U-LATE, v. i. To propagate by budding 3 to prac
tice inoculation.
IN-0€'U-LA-TED, pp. 1. Budded. 2. Inserted in anothe
stock, as a bud. 3. Infected by inoculation with a pai
ticular disease.
IN-OC'U-LA-TING, ppr. 1. Budding 5 propagating by wa
serting a bud on another stock. 2. Infecting by inocula
tion.
IN-0€MJ-La'TION, n. [L. inoculatio.] I. The act or prac-
tice of inserting buds cf one plant under the bark of an-
other for propagation. 2. The act or practice of commu-
nicating a disease to a person in health, by inserting con-
tagious matter in his skin or flesh.
IN-0€'U-LA-T0R, n. A person who inoculates ; one who
propagates plants or diseases bv inoculation.
flN-O'DI-ATE, v.t. To make hateful. South.
IN-O'DO-RATE, a. Having no scent or odor.
IN-o'DO-ROUS,a. [L. inod.orus.] Wanting scent ; having
no smell. Arbutknot.
IN-OF-FENS'IVE, a. 1. Giving no offense or provocation.
2. Giving no uneasiness or disturbance. 3. Harmless ;
doing no injury or mischief. 4. Not obstructing; pre-
senting no hinderance.
IN-OF-FENS'IVE-LY, adv. Without giving offense ; with-
out harm ; in a manner not to offend.
IN-OF-FENS'IVE-NESS, 71. Harmlessness ; the quality
of being not offensive either to tlxe senses or to the
mind.
IN-OF-FI'CIAL, fl. Not official; not proceeding from the
proper officer ; not clothed with the usual forms of au-
thority, or not done in an official character.
IN-OF-FI"CIAL-LY, adv. Without the usual forms, or not
in the official character.
IN-OF-Fl"CIOLrS, a. 1. Unkind 3 regardless of natural ob-
ligation 5 contrary to natural duty. 2. Unfit for an office
3. Not civil or attentive.
t IN-OP-ER-a'TION, 71. Agency; influence 3 production
of effects. Bp. Hall.
IN-OP'ER-A-TIVE, a. Not operative 3 not active 3 having
no operation; producing no effect.
flN-OP'IN-ATE, o. [L. inopinatus.] Not expected.
IN-OP-POR-TuNE', a. [L. inopportumis.] Not opportune .
inconvenient ; unseasonable in time.
IN-OP-POR-TuNE'LY, adv. Unseasonably 3 at an incon-
venient time.
IN-OP-PRESS'IVE, a. Not oppressive ; not burdensome.
IN-OP'U-LENT, a. Not opulent ; not wealthy.
IN-OR'DI-NA-CY, n. Deviation from order or rule pre-
* Sf-e Synopsis A, E. T. 5, tJ, Y, long.—Fk-R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
INS
455
INS
?crilM;d ; irregularity ; disorder j excess or want of mod-
eration.
IX-OR'DI-XATE, a. [L. inordinatus.'] Irregular ; disor-
derly ; excessive ; immoderate j not limited to rules pre-
scribed, or to usual bounds.
IX-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. Irregularly ; excessively ; im-
moderately. Skelton.
JN-OR'DI-NATE-KESS, v. Deviation from order; excess ;
veant of moderation ; inordinacy.
I N-OR-DI-NaTION, n. Irregularity; deviation from rule
or right. South
IN-OR-GAiV'I€, ) a. Devoid of organs ; not formed
IN-OR-GAN'I-€AL, j with the orgzms or instruments of
life.
IN-OR-GAN'I-CAL-LY, adv. Without organs.
IN-ORGAN-lZED, a. Not having organic stmcture ; void
of organs; as earths, metals and other minerals.
IN-OS'€U-LATE, v. i. [L. in and osculatiis.] In anatomy,
to unite by apposition or contact ; to unite, as two vessels
at their extremities.
IN-OS'€U-LATE, V. t. To unite, as two vessels in an ani-
mal body.
IX-OS'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Uniting, as the extremities of
two vessels.
IN-OS-€U-La'TION, n. The union of two vessels of an
animal body at their extremities, by means of which a
communication is maintained ; anastomosy.
IN'aUEST, n. [Fr. enquete.] 1. Inquisition ; judicial in-
quiry ; official examination. 2. A iury. 3. Inquiry ;
t IN-aui ET, V. t. To disturb ; to trouble,
t IX-QUI-ET-A'TION, 71. Disturbance.
IN-aUl'E-TUDE, 71. [Fr. ; L. inqtiietudo.] Disturbed state ;
want of quiet; restlessness; uneasiness, either of body or
mind ; disquietude.
IN-aUI-NATE, V. t. [L. inquino.] To defile ; to pollute ;
to contaminate. [Little used.] Broicn.
IlN-aUI-NA TION,' n. The act of defiling, or state of being
defiled ; pollution ; corruption. [Little used,] Bacon.
IN-Q,UlR'A-BLE, a. That may be inquiied into ; subject to
inquisition or inquest. Bacon .
IN-CiUlRE', V. i. [Fr. enquerir ; Sp. inquirir ; L. inquire]
1. To ask a question ; to seek for truth or information by
asking questions. 2. To seek for truth by argument or
the discussion of questions, or by investigation. — To in-
quire into, to make excimination ; to seek for particular in-
formation.
IN-QUiRE', V. t. To ask about ; to seek by asking.
IN-aUlR'ENT, a. Making inquiry.
IN-Q.UIR'ER, 71. One who asks a question ; one who inter-
rogates ; one who searches or examines ; one who seeks
for knowledge or information.
IX-Q.UlR'ING, ppr. Seeking for infonnation by asking
questions ; asking ; questioning ; interrogating ; examin-
ing.
IN-Q,Ul'RY, 11. [N^orm. enquerre.] 1. The act of inquir-
ing ; a seeking for information by asking questions : in-
terrogation. 2. Search for truth, information or knowl-
edge ; research ; examination into facts or principles.
IN-aUI-Sl"TION, 7?. [Fr.; L. inquisitio.] I. Inquuy ; ex-
amination ; a searching or search. 2. Judicial inquiry ;
official examination ; inquest. 3. Examination ; discus-
sion. 4, In some Catholic countries, a court or tribunal
established for the examination and punishment of here-
tics.
IN-Q,UI-Sl"TION-AL, a. Making inquiry ; busy in inquiry.
IN-aUISI-TlVE, a. 1. Apt to ask questions ; addicted to
inquiry ; inclined to seek information by questions. 2. In-
clined to seek knowledge by discussion, investigation or
observation ; given to research.
IX-Q.UIS'1-TiVE, 7!. A person who is inquisitive ; one cu-
rious in research. Temple.
IX-ams'I-TlVE-LY, adi;. With curiosity to obtain infor-
mation ; with scrutiny.
[X-aUIS'I-TlVE-XESS, 71. The disposition to obtain in-
formation ; curiosity to learn what is not known.
IX-CIUIS'I-TOR, 72. '[L.] 1. One who inquires ; par tiai-
larhj, one whose official duty it is to inquire and examine.
2. A member of the court of inquisition in Catholic coun-
tries.
IX-QUIS-I-T6'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to inquisition. 2.
Pertaining to the Catholic court of inquisition.
IX-aUIS-I-To'RI-OUS, a. Making strict inquir)'. Milton.
IX-RaIL', v. t. To rail in ; to inclose with rails. Qay.
IX-RaIL ED, (in-rald') pp. Inclosed witli rails.
IX-RaIL'IXG, ppr. Inclosing with rails.
IX-REG'IS-TER, V. t. [Fr. enregistrer.] To register ; to re-
cord ; to enter in a register. Walsh.
IX^'RoAD, n. I. The entrance of an enemy into a country
with purposes of hostility ; a sudden or desultory incur-
sion or invasion. 2. Attack ; encroachment.
IN-SaFE'TY, 77. Want of safety. [III.] JVaunton.
IN-SA-LU'BRI-OUS, a. Not salubrious ; not healthful ; un-
favorable to health ; unwholesome.
IX-SA-LC'BRI-TY, 71. Want of salubrity ; unhealtWul-
ness ; unwholesomeness.
IX-SAL'U-TA-RY, a. 1 Not salutary; not favorable to
health or soundness. 2. Not tending to safety ; produc
tive of evil.
IN-SAN'A-BLE, a. [L. insanahilis.] Incurable ; that can
not be healed. Johnson.
IX-SaXE', a. [L. insamis.'j 1 . Unsound in mind or in
tellect ; mad ; deranged m mind ; delirious ; distracted
2. Used by or appropriated to insane persons.
IX^-SaXE', n. An insane person.
IX-SaXE'LY, adv. Madly ; foolishly ; without reason
IX-SaXE'XESS, ) n. The state of being unsound in mind ;
IX-SAX'I-TY, ) derangement of intellect ; madness.
f IX-SAPO-RY, a. Tasteless ; wanting flavor.
IN-Sa'TIA-BLE, (in-sa'sha-bl) a. [Fr.; L. insatiahilis.]
Incapable of being satisfied or appeased; very greedy.
IN-Sa'TIA-BLE-NESS, (in-sa'sha-bl-nes) n. Greediness
of appetite that cannot be satisfied or appeased.
IN-Sa'TIA-BLY, (in-sa'sha-bly) adv. With greediness not
to be satisfied. South.
IX-Sa'TIATE, (in-sa'shate) a. [L. iiisaUatus.] Not to be
satisfied ; insatiable. Philips.
IX-Sa'TIATE-LY, adv. So greedily as not to be satis-
fied.
IX"-SA-Ti'E-TY, 71. Insatiableness. Granger.
IN-SAT-IS-F ACTION, n. Want of satisfection. Bacon.
IX-SAT'U-RA-BLE, a. [L. insaturabilis.] Xot to be satu-
rated, filled or glutted. Johiison.
IX^-SCiEXCE, n. Ignorance; want of knowledge.
IX-S€RTBE', v.t. [L. inscrlbo.] 1. To write on; to en-
grave on for perpetuity or duration. 2. To imprint on.
3. To assign or address to ; to commend to by a short ad-
dress. 4. To mark with letters, characters or words. 5
To draw a figure within another.
IX-S€RlB'ED, (in-skribd') pp. Written on ; engraved ;
marked ; addressed.
IX-S€RiB'ER, n. One who inscribes. Pownall.
IX-S€RlBIXG, ppr. Writing on ; engraving; marking;
addressing.
m-S€RIP'TIOX, n. [Fr. ; L. inscriptio.] 1. Something
written or engraved to communicate knowledge to after
ages ; any character, word, line or sentence written or
engraved on a solid substance for duration. 2. A title.
3. An address or consignment of a book to a person.
m-S€RIP'TIVE, a. Bearing inscription.
IX-S€RoLL', v. t. To write on a scroll. Shak.
IX-S€RU-TA-BIL'I-TY, or IX-S€RU'TA-BLE-NESS, n.
The quality of being inscrutable.
IN-S€RU TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inscrutabilis.] 1. Unsearch-
able ; that cannot be searched into and understood by
inquiry or study. 2. That cannot be penetrated, discov-
ered or understood by human reason.
IN-S€Ru'TA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to be
found out or understood.
IX-S€ULP', v.t. [L. insculpo.] To engrave; to carve.
IX-S€ULP'TIOX, 71. Inscription. [L. u.] Taumeur.
IN-S€ULPT'URE, n. An engraving ; sculpture. Shak.
IX'^-SeAM', v. t. To impress or maik with a seam or cica-
trix.
flX-SEARCH', (in-serch') v. t. To make search. Elyot.
IX-SE€'A-BLE, a. [L. insecaUlis.\ That cannot be divided
by a cutting instrument ; indivisible.
IX''SE€T, 71. [L. insecta.] I. In zoology, ^. small invertebral
animal, breathing by lateral spiracles, and furnished with
articulated extremities and movable antenncc. 2. Any
thins small or contemptible.
IX SE€T, a. Small ; mean ; contemptible.
IN-SE€-Ta'TOR, 7?. [L.] A persecutor. [Little used.]
IX-SE€T'ED, a. Havmg the nature of an insect.
IX-SE€T'iLE, a. Having the nature of insects.
f IX-SE€T'ILE, 77. An insect. Wotton.
IX-SE€'TI0X, n. A cutting in ; incisure ; incision.
IX-SE€-TIV'0-ROUS, a. [insect, and L. vorc] Feeding or
subsisting on insects. Diet. JYat. Hist.
tlX^-SEe-TOL'O-GER, 77. One who studies insects.
IX^-SE-CuRE', a. 1. X'^ot secure ; not safe ; not confident of
safety. 2. Xot safe ; not effectually guEirded or protected ;
unsafe ; exposed to danger or loss.
IX-SE-€uRE'LY, adv. Without security or safety.
IX-SE-etJ'RI-TY, 77. 1. Want of safety, or want of confi-
dence in safety. 2. Uncertainty. 3. Want of safety ;
danger J hazard ; exposure to destruction or loss.
IN-SE'-Cu'TIOX^, 77. [L. insecutio.] Pursuit. Chapman.
IX-SEM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. inseminc] To sow. [L. u.]
IN-SEM-I-X'^a'TION, 71. The act of sowing. [Little used.]
IN-SENS'ATE, a. [Fr. i7i5e7J^e.] Destitute of sense; stu-
pid; foolish; wanting sensibility. Milton.
t IX"^-SENSE', V. t. To instruct ; to inform ; to make to un-
derstand.
IN-SENS-I-BIL'I-TY, v. 1. Want of sensibility, or the
power of feeling or perceiving. 2. Want of the power to
be moved or affected ; want of tenderness or susceptibility
of emotion and passion. 3. Dullness ; stupidity ; torpor
* See Synopai^^ MOVE, BQQK, DoVE j—BULL, UNITE— € as K j 6 as J 3 S as Z ; CH as SH i TH as in «Ais t ObaoletA
INS
456
INS
tN-SENST-BLE, a. [Pr., Sp., from L. in and sensusA 1.
Imperceptible 3 that cannot be felt or perceived. 2. Des-
titute of the power of feeling or perceiving j wanting cor-
poreal sensibility. 3. Not susceptible of emotion or pas-
sion ; void of feeling ; wanting tenderness. 4. Dull ;
stupid; torpid. 5. Void of sense or meaning. Hale.
IN-SENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Want of sensibility .
IN-SENS'I-BLY, adv. 1. Imperceptibly; in a manner not
to be felt or perceived by the senses. Addison. 2. By
slow degrees ; gradually.
IN-SEN'TIENT, a. Not having perception.
IN-SEP'A-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inseparabilis.] That can-
not be separated or disjoined ; not to be parted.
IN-SEP'A-RA-BLE-NESS, ) n. The quality of being insep-
IN-SEP-A-RA-BIL I-TY, \ arable, or incapable of dis-
junction.
[N-SEP'A-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner that prevents
separation ; with indissoluble union. Temple.
f- IN-SEP'A-RATE, a. Not separate.
f IN-SEP'A-RATE-LY, adv. So as not to be separated.
[N-SERT'j V. t. [Fr. inserer ,• L. insero.'\ Literally, to thrust
in ; hence, to set in or among.
IN-SERT'ED, pp. Set in or among.
IN-SERT'ING, ppr. Setting in or among.
i;N-SER'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. insertio.] 1. The act of setting
or placing in or among other things. 2. The thing insert-
ed.
f IN-SERVE', v. t. [L. inservio.] To be of use to an end.
IN-SERV'I-ENT, a. Conducive.
IN-SET', v. t. To infix or implant. Chaucer.
IN-SHaD'ED, a. Marked with different shades.
IN-SHELL', V. t. To hide in a shell. Shak.
IN-SHEL'TER, V. i. To shelter. Shak.
IN-SHIP', V. t. To ship ; to embark. Shak.
IN-SHRlNE'. See Enshrine.
IN'SIDE, 71. [in and side.] The interior part of a thing; in-
ternal part ; opposed to outside.
IN-SID'I-ATE, V. t. [L. insidior.'] To lie in ambush for.
IN-SID'I-A-TOR, 71. One who lies in ambush. Barrow.
*IN-SID'I-OUS, a. {li.insidiosus.] 1. Properly, lying in wait ;
htnce, watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap ; de-
ceitful ; sly ; treacherous. 2, Intended to entrap.
*IN-SIDI-OUS-LY, adv. With intention to insnare ; deceit-
fully ; treacherously ; with artifice or stratagem.
*IN-SID'I-OUS-NESS, n. A watching for an opportunity to
insnare ; deceitfulness ; treachery. Barrow.
IN'SlGHT, (in'slte) n. [in and sight.] Sight or view of the
interior of any thing ; deep inspection or view ; intro-
spection; thorough knowledge or skill. Spectator.
IN-SIG'NI-A, n. [L. plu.] 1. Badges or distinguishing marks
of ofllce or honor. Burke. 2. Marks, signs, or visible im-
pressions, by which any thing is known.
IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANCE, ; n. 1. Want of significance or
IN-SIG-NIF'I-€AN-CY, \ meaning. 2. Unimportance ;
want of force or effect. 3. Want of weight ; meanness.
IN-SIG-NIF'I-CANT, a. 1. Void of signification ; destitute
of meaning. 2. Unimportant ; answering no purpose ;
having no weight or effect. 3. Without weight of charac-
ter ; mean ; contemptible.
IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT, 7). An insignificant thing.
IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT-LY, adv. I. Without meaning, as
words. 2. Without importance or effect ; to no purpose.
IN-SIG-NIF'I-€A-TrVE, a. Not expressing by external
signs.
IN-SIN-CERE', a, [li. insincerus.] I . Not sincere ; not be-
ing in truth what one appears to be ; dissembling ; hypo-
critical ; false. 2. Deceitful ; hypocritical ; false. 3. Not
sound.
IN-SIN-CeRE'LY, adv. Without sincerity ; hypocritically.
IN-SIN-CER'I-TY, n. 1, Dissunulation ; want of sincerity
or of being in reality what one appears to be ; hypocrisy.
2. Deceitfulness ; hollowness.
IN-SIN'EW, v. t. To strengthen ; to give vigor to.
[N-SIN'U-ANT, a. [Fr. ; L. insinuans.] Insinuating ; hav-
ing the power to gain favor. [Little used.] Wotton.
IN-SIN'U-ATE, v. t. [Fr. insiimer ; L. insinuo.] 1. To in-
troduce gently, or into a narrow passage ; to wind in. 2.
To push or "work one's self into favor ; to introduce by
slow, gentle or artful means. 3. To hint ; to suggest by
remote allusion. 4. To instill ; to infuse gently ; to intro-
duce artfully.
JN-SIN'U-ATE, V. i. 1. To creep in ; to wind in ; to flow
in ; to enter gently, slowly, or imperceptibly, as into
crevices. 2. To gain on the affections by gentle or artful
means. 3. To wind along.
IN-SIN'U-A-TED, pp. Introduced or conveyed gently, im-
perceptibly or by winding into crevices ; hinted.
IN-SIN'U-A-TING, ppr. I. Creeping or winding in ; flowing
in ; gaining on gently ; hinting. 2. a. Tending to enter
gently ; insensibly winning favor and confidence.
IN-SIN-U-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. insinuatio.] 1. The act of
insinuating ; a creeping or winding in ; a flowing into
crevices. 2. The act of gaining on favor or affections, by
gentle or artful means. 3. The art or power of pleasing
and gtealing on the affections. 4. A hint ; a suggestion
or intimation by distant allusion.
IN-SIN'U-A-TiVE, a. Stealing on the affections. Bacon
IN-SIN'U-A-TOR, 71. One who insinuates ; one that hints-
IN-SIP'ID, fl. [Fr. insipide ; L. insipidus.] 1. Tasteless j
destitute of taste ; wanting the qualities which affect the
organs of taste ; vapid. 2. Wanting spirit, life or anima-
tion ; wanting pathos, or the power of exciting emotions ,
flat ; dull ; heavy. 3. Wanting power to gratify desire.
IN-SI-PID'I-TY, or IN-SIP'ID-NESS, n. [Fr. insipidite.] 1.
, Want of taste, or the power of exciting sensation in the
tongue. 2. Want of life or spirit.
IN-SIP'ID-LYj adw. Without taste ; without spirit or life;
without enjoyment. Locke.
IN-SIP'I-ENCE, 71. [L. insipientia.] Want of wisdom ; fol-
ly ; foolishness ; want of understanding.
IN-SIST', V. i. [Fr. iiisister ; L. insisto.] 1. Literally, to
stand or rest on ; [rarely used.] — 2. In geometry, an angle
is said to insist upon the Eire of the circle intercepted
between the two lines which contain the angle. 3. To
dwell on in discourse. — To insist on, to press'or urge for
any thing with immovable firmness.
IN-SIST'ENT, a. Standing or resting on. [L. u.] Wotton.
t IN-SIST'URE, 71. A dwelling or standing on ; fixedness.
IN-Sl'TIEN-CY, n. Freedom from thirst. Gh-ew.
IN-Si"TION, 71. [L. insitio.] The insertion of a cion in a
stock ; ingraftment. Ray.
IN-SNaRE', v. t. 1. To catch in a snare ; to entrap ; to takp
by artificial means. 2. To inveigle ; to seduce by artifice ;
to take by wiles, stratagem or deceit. 3. To entangle ; to
involve in difficulties or perplexities.
IN-SNAR'ED, (in-snard') pp. Caught in a snare ; entrapped^
inveijled ; involved in perplexities.
IN-SNaR'ER, 71. One that insnares.
IN-SNaR'ING, ppr. Catching in a snare ; entrapping ; se-
ducing ; involving in difiiculties.
IN-SO-BRI'E-TY, n. [in and sobriety.] Want of sobriety ;
intemperance; drunkenness. Decay of Piety.
IN-So'CIA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. insociabilis.] 1. Not inclined
to unite in social converse ; not given to conversation ;
unsociable ; taciturn. 2. That cannot be joined or con-
nected ; [065.1
IN'SO-LATE, a. t. [L. insolo.] To dry in the sun's rays ;
to expose to the heat of the sun ; to ripen or prepare by
exposure to the sun.
IN'SO- LA-TED, pp. Exposed to the sun ; dried or matured
in the sun's rays.
IN'SO-LA-TING, ppr. Exposing to the action of sun-
IN-SO-La'TION, n. I. The act of exposing to the rays of
the sun. 2. A stroke of the sun; the action of extreme
heat on the brain.
IN'SO-LENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. insolentia.] Pride or haughti-
ness manifested in cjntemptuous and overbearing treat
ment of others ; petulant contempt ; impudence.
t IN'SO-LENCE, v. t. To treat with haughty contempt.
IN'SO-LENT, a. 1. Proud and haughty, with contempt of
othei-s ; overbearing; domineering in power. 2. Proceed-
ing from insolence ; haughty and contemptuous. 3. Un-
accustomed ; [obs.]
IN'SO-LENT-LY, adv. With contemptuous pride ; haugh-
tily ; rudely ; saucily. Dryden.
IN-SO-LID'I-TY, 7!. Want of solidity ; weakness.
IN-SOL-U-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being soluble o*
dissolvable, particularly in a fluid.
IN-SOL'U-BLE, a. [Fr., from L. insohibilis.] I. That cannot
be dissolved, particularly by a liquid. 2, Not to be solved
or explained ; not to be resolved ; as a doubt or difficulty ;
[little used.]
IN-SOLV'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be cleared of difficulty
or uncertainty ; not to be solved or explained ; not admit
ting solution or explication. 2. That cannot be paid or
discharged.
IN-SOLV'EN-CY, n. 1. Inability of a person to pay all hia
debts ; or the state of wanting property sufficient for such
payment. 2. Insufficiency to discharge all debts of the
owner.
IN-SOLVENT, a. [L. in and solvens.] I. Not having money,
goods or estate sufficient to pay all debts. 2. Not suf-
ficient to pay all the debts of the owner. 3. Respecting
insolvent debtors ; relieving an insolvent debtor from im-
prisonment for debt. — Insolvent law, or act of insolvency,
a law which liberates a debtor from imprisonment, or ex-
empts him from liability to arrest and imprisonment on
account of any debt previously contracted.
IN-SOLVENT, 71. A debtor unable to pay his debts.
IN-SOM'NI-OUS, a. [L. in^omniosus.] Troubled with dreams;
restless in sleep.
IN-SO-MUCH', adv. [in, so, and much.] So that ; to that de-
gree. [Obsolescent.]
IN-SPECT', V. t. [L. inspectum.] 1. To look on ; to view or
oversee for the purpose of examination. 2. To look into;
to view and examine, for the purpose of £iscertaining the
quality or condition of a thing. 3. To view and examine
See Synopsis A, E, T, 5, C, ■?, long.— F AH, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
INS
457
ms
tar the p«rp«»se of discovering and correcting errors. 4.
Ti< superintend.
J IJV-SPEeT', n. Close examination. Thomson.
iN-SPE€T'ED, pp Viewed with care ; examined.
IN-SPE€T'ING, ppr Looking on or rntoj viewing with
care ; examining.
1N-SPE€'TI0N, 71. [L. inspectio.] 1. A looking on or into ;
prying examination ; close or careful survey. 2, Watch ;
guardianship. 3. Superintendence 3 oversight 4. Of-
ficial view ; a careful viewing and examining of commodi-
ties or manufactures, to ascertain their quality. 5. Official
examination, as of arms, to see that they are in good or-
der for service.
IN-SPE€T'OR, 71. 1. One who inspects, views or oversees.
9. A superintendent ; one to whose care the execution of
any work is committed. 3. An officer whose duty is to
examine the quality of goods. 4. An officer of the cus-
toms. 5. A military officer whose duty is to inspect the
trooDS and examine their arms.
IN-SP*E€T'OR-ATE, ) ti. The office of an inspector. TVash-
IN-SPECT'OR-SHIP, \ ington.
5N-SPEIIS'ED, t^in-sperst') a. Sprinkled on.
JN-SPER'SION, 71. [L. inspersio.] The act of sprinkling on.
.dinsworth.
FN-SPEX'I-MUS, n. [L. we have inspected ; the first icord
of ancient charters^ &;c.] An exemplification.
IN-SPHeRE', v. t. To place in an orb or sphere.
IN-SPlR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be inspired. 2. That may
be drawn into the lungs ; inhalable ; as air or vapors.
IN-SPI-Ra'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of drawing air into
tlie lungs ; the inhaling of air ; a branch of respiration,
and opposed to expiration. 2. The act of breatliing into
any thing. 3. The infusion of ideas into the mind by the
Holy Spirit ; the conveying into the minds of men ideas,
notices or monitions by extraordinary or supernatural in-
fluence. 4. The infusion of ideas or directions by the
supposed deities of pagans. 5. The infusion or commu-
nication of ideas or poetic spirit, by a superior bemg or
supposed presiding power.
IN'SPI-RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to inspiration, or inhaling
air into the lungs. Med. Repos.
IN-SPiRE', V. i. [L. inspiro.] To draw in breatli ; to inhale
air into the lungs ; opposed to expire.
JN-SPlRE', v. t. 1. To breathe into. Pope. 2. To infuse
by breathing. 3. To infuse into the mind ; as, to inspire
with new life. 4. To infuse or suggest ideas or monitions
supemalurally : to communicate divine instructions to the
mind. 5. To infuse ideas or poetic spirit. 6. To draw
into the lungs.
IN-SPiR'ED, (in-spird') pp. 1. Breathed in ; inhaled ; in-
fused. 2. Informed or directed by the Holy Spirit.
IN-SPiR'ER, 71. He that inspkes.
IN-SPlR'ING,;}pr. 1. Breathing in ; inhaling into the lungs ;
infusing into the mind supematurally. 2. a. Infusing
spirit or courage ; animating.
IN-SPIR'IT, V. t. To infuse or excite spirit in ; to enhven ;
to animate ; to give new life to ; to encourage ; to invig-
orate. Pope.
IX-SPiR'IT-ED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; invigorated.
IN-SPIR'IT-ING, ppr. Infusing spirit 5 giving new life to.
IN-SPIS'SATE, V. t. To thicken, as fluids ; to bring to
greater consistence by evaporating the thinner parts,
Sec.
IN-SPIS'SATE, a. Thick. Greenhill.
IN-SPIS'S A-TED, pp. Thickened, as a liquor.
I.V-SPIS'SA-TING, ppr. Thickening, as a liquor.
IX-SPIS-Sa'TION, n. The act or operation of rendering a
fluid substance thicker by evaporation, &c.
IN-STA-BIL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. instabilite ; L, instabilitas .] I.
Want of stability ; want of firmness in purpose ; incon-
stancy ; fickleness ; mutability of opinion or conduct. 2.
Changeable ness ; mutability.
IN-STa'BLE, a. [L. instabiiis.'] 1. Inconstant ; prone to
change or recede from a purpose ; mutable. 2. Not
steady or fixed ; changeable. Sec Unstable.
IN-STa'BLE-NESS, 71. Unstableness ; instability.
IN-STALL', V. t. [Fr. installer.] To set, place 'or instate,
in an office, rank or order ; to invest with any charge,
office or rank, with the customary ceremonies.
IN-STALL-a'TION, 71. The act of giving possession of an
office, rank or order, with the customary ceremonies.
IN-STALL'ED, (in-stawld') pp. Placed in a seat, office or
order. •
tX-STALL'ING, ppr. Placing in a seat, office or order.
rX-STALL'MENT, n. 1. The act of installing, or giving
possession of an office with the usual ceremonies or so-
lemnities. 2. The seat in which one is placed. — 3. In
commerce, a part of a large sum of money paid or to be
paid at a particular period.
:iN'STANCE,7i. [Fr.] 1. Urgency; a pressing; solicitation ;
importunity ; application. 2. Example ; a case occurring ;
a case ofi'ered. 3. Time ; occasion ; occurrence. 4. Mo-
tive ; influence ; [pbs.] 5. Process of a suit ; [obs.]
IN'STANCE, V. i. To give or ofler an example or case.
IN'STANCE, V. t. To mention as an elample or cose.
IN'STANCED. pp. or a. Given in proof or as an example.
IN'STANT, o. [Fr., from L. instans.\ 1. Pressing ; urgent ,
importunate ; earnest. 2. Immediate ; without inter-
vening tune ; present. 3. Quick ; making no delay. 4.
Present; current ; as, on the tenth of July instant.
IN'STANT, 71. 1. A point in duration ; a moment ; a part
of duration in which we perceive no succession, or a part
that occupies the time of a single thought. 2 A particu-
lar time.
IN-STAN-TA-NkT-TY, 71. Unpremeditated production.
IN-STAN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [Fr. instantane.] Done in an in-
stant ; occurring or acting without any perceptible succes-
sion ; very speedily.
IN-STAN-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. In an instant ; in a mo-
ment ; in an indivisible point of duration.
IN-STAN-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n The quaUty of being done
in an instant.
flN'STAN-TA-NY, a. Formerly used for instantaneous.
IN-STANT'ER, adv. [L,] In law, immediately ; at the
present time ; v/illiout delay.
IN'STANT-LY, adv. 1. Immediately ; without any inter-
vening tune ; at the moment. 2. With urgent importu
nity. 3. With diligence and earnestness,
IN-STaR', v. t. \in and star.] To set or adorn with stars,
or with brilliants. J. Barlow.
IN-STaTE', v. t. [in and state.] I. To set or place ; to
establish, as in a rank or condition. South. 2. To invest j
[obs.]
IN-STaTiED, pp. Set or placed.
IN-STaT'ING, ppr. Setting or placing.
IN-STAU'RATE, 7j. f . [L. instauro.] To reform} to repair.
Smith'.
IN-STAU-Ra'TION, 71. [L.instauratio.] Renewal 5 repair-,
re-establishment ; the restoration of a thing.
IN-STAU-Ra'TOR., 71. One who renews or restores to a
former condition. jMore.
IN-STEAD', (in-sted') adv. [in and stead.] In the place or
room of.
IN^TEEP', 7J. f . 1. To steep or soak ; to drench; to macer-
ate in moisture. Shak. 2. To keep under or in water.
IN-STEEP'ED, (in-steept^) pp. Steeped ; soaked ; drench-
ed ; lying under water.
IN-STEEP'ING, ppr. Steeping ; soaking,
INSTEP, 72. 1, The instep of the human foot is the fore
part of the upper side of the foot near its junction with
the leg. 2. The bistep of a horse is that part of the hind
leg, which reaches from the ham to the pastern-joint.
IN'STI-GATE, V. t. [L. instigo.] To incite ; to set on ; to
provoke ; to urge.
IN'STI-GA-TED, pp. Incited or persuaded, as to evil.
IN'STI-GA-TING, ppr. Inciting; tempting to evil.
IN-STI-Ga'TION, 7i. I. Incitement, as to evil or wicked-
ness ; the act of encouraging to commit a crime or some
evil act. 2. Temptation ; impulse to evil.
IN'STI-GA-TOR, n. 1. One who incites another to an evil
act ; a tempter. 2. That which incites ; that which
moves persons to commit wickedness.
IN-STILL', V. t. [L. instillo.] 1, To infuse by drops. Mil-
ton. 2. To infuse slowly, or by small quantities.
INSTIL-LaTION, 71. [1j. in^tillatio.] 1. The act of infus-
ing by drops or by small quantities. 2. The act rf infus-
ing slowly into the mind. 3. That which is instilled 01
infused.
IN-STILL'ED, (in-stild') pp. Infused by drops or by slow
degrees.
IN-STILL'ER, :t. He that uistills.
IN-STILL'ING, ppi-. Infusing by drops or by slow de-
grees.
IN-STILL'MENT, n. Any thing instilled. Shak.
t IN-STIM'U-LATE, v.t. To stimulate ; to excite.
IN-STIM'U-LA-TIjSG, ppr. Not stimulating. Cheyne.
IN-STIM-U-Ll'TION, n. [in and stimulation.] The act of
stimulating, inciting or urging forward.
t IN-STINCT', a. [L. instinctus.] Moved ; animated ; ex-
cited ; as, instinct with spirit. Milton.
IN'STINCT, 71. [Fr., from L. instinctus ] A certain powoi
or disposition of mind, by which, independent of all in
struction or experience, animals are unerringly directed
to do spontaneously whatever is necessary for the preser-
vation of the individual, or the continuation of the kind.
IN-STIN€T'ED, a. Impressed. [Little used.] Bentley.
t TN-STIN€'TION, n. Instinct. Elyot.
IN-STIN€T'IVE, a. Prompted by instinct ; spontaneous ;
acting without reasoning, deliberation, instruction or ex-
perience ; determined by natural impulse or propensity.
IN-STINCT'IVE-LY, adv. By force of instinct ; without
instruction or experience ; by natural impulse.
IN'STI-TUTE, V. t. [L. instituo.] 1. To establish ; to ap-
point ; to enact ; to form and prescribe. 2. To fr und ; to
originate and establish. 3, To ground or estaolish in
principles ; to educate ; to instruct. 4. To begin ; to com-
mence ; to set in operation. 5. To invest with the spirit-
ual part of a benefice or the care of souls.
• See Synapsis. JIOVE, BOOK DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € aa K 3 G as J ; S as Z ; CH asSH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete
INS
458
INS
iNSTI-TUTE, n. [L. institutuvi.] 1 Established law ;
settled order. 2. Precept ; maxim ; principle. 3. A book
of elements or principles ; particularly, a work containing
tlie principles cf the Roman law. — 4. In Scots law, when
a number of persons in succession hold an estate in tail,
the first is called the institute, the others substitutes.
IN'STI-TU-TED, pp. Established j appointed ; founded j
enacted j invested with the care of souls.
IN'STI-TU-TING, ppr. Establishing ; founding ; enacting ;
investing with the care of souls.
IN-STI-TU'TION, n. [L. institutio.] 1. The act of estab-
lishing. 2. Establishment ; that which is appointed, pre-
scribed or founded by authority, and intended to be per-
manent. 3. A system, plan or society established, either
by law or by the authority of individuals, for promoting
any object, public or social. 4. A system of the elements
or rules of any art or science. 5. Education; instruction.
6. The act or ceremony of investing a clerk with the
spiritual part of a benefice.
IN-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Enjoined; instituted by author-
ity.
IN-STI-TtJ'TION-A-RY, a. Elemental ; containing the
first principles or doctrines. Brown.
IN'STI-TU-TIST, n. A writer of institutes or elementary
rules and instructions. Harvey.
IN'STl-TU-TiVE, a. 1. That establishes ; having power
to establish. 2. Established ; depending on institution.
IN'STI-TU-TOR, n. [h.] 1. The person who establishes ;
one who enacts laws, rites and ceremonies. 2. The per-
son who founds an order, sect, society or scheme. 3. An
instructor ; one who educates.
IN-STOP', V. t. To stop ; to close ; to make fast. [L. u.]
IJN-STRAT'I-FIED, a. Stratified within something else.
IN-STRU€T', V. t. [L. instruo, instructum.] 1. To teach ;
to inform the mind ; to educate ; to impart knowledge to
one who was destitute of it. 2. To direct ; to enjoin ; to
persuade or admonish. 3. To direct or command ; to fur-
nish with orders. 4. To inform ; to advise or give notice
to. 5. To model ; to form ; to prepare ; [not used.]
IN-STRUCT'ED, pp. Taught ; informed ; trained up ; edu-
cated.
IN-STRU€T'I-BLE, a. Able to instruct. [III.] Bacon.
IN-STR[J€T'ING, ppr. Teaching ; informing the mind ;
directing.
IN-STRU€'TION, n. [L. instructio.] 1. The act of teach-
ing or informing the understanding in that of which it
was belore ignorant ; information. 2. Precepts convey-
ing knowledge. 3. Direction ; order ; command ; man-
date.
IN-STRU€T'IVE, a. [Sp. instrurtivo ; Fr. instructif.] Con-
veying knowledge ; serving to instruct or inform.
IN-STRU€T'IVE-LY, <idv. So as to afford instruction.
IN-STRU€T'IVE-NESS, m. -Power of instructing.
lN-STRU€T'OR, n. 1. A teacher ; a person who imparts
knowledge to another by precept or information. 2. The
preceptor of a school or seminary of learning ; any pro-
fessional man who teaches the principles of his profession.
IN-STRUCT'RESS, n. A female who instructs ; a precep-
tress ; a tutoress.
IN'STRU-MENT, n. [L. instrumcntum.] 1. A tool; that by
which work is performed or any thing is effected. 2.
That which is subservient to the execution of a plan or
purpose, or to the production of any effect; means used
or contributing to an effect. 3. An artificial machine or
body constructed for yielding harmonious sounds. — 4. in
law, a writing containing the terms of a contract, as a
deed of conveyance, a grant, a patent, an indenture, &c.
5. A person who acts for another.
IN-STRU-MENT'AL, a. 1. Conducive as an instrument or
means to some end ; contributing aid ; serving to promote
or effect an object ; helpful. 2. Pertaining to instru-
ments ; made by mstruments.
IN-STRU-MENT-AL'I-TY, n. Subordinate or auxiliary
agency ; agency of any thing as means to an end.
IN-STRU-MENT'AL-LY, adv. 1. By way of an instru-
ment ; in the nature of an instrument ; as means to an
end 2 With instruments of music.
IN-STRU-MENT'AL-NESS, w. Usefulness, as of means to
an end^; instrumentality. Hammond.
t IN-STyLE', v. t. To call ; to denominate. Crashaw.
IN-SITAV'I-TY, n. [L. insuavitas.] Unpleasantness.
IX-SUB-JEC'TION, n. State of disobedience to govern-
ment.
IN-SUB-MIS'SION, n. Defect of submission ; disobedience.
IN-SUB-ORD'I-NATE, a. Not submitting to authority.
IN-SUB-OR-DI-Na'TION, 71. Want of subordination; dis-
order ; disobedience to lawful authority.
IN-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. Unsubstantial ; not real. Sfiak.
IN-SUe-€A'TION, n. [L. insucco.] The act of soaking or
moistening ; maceration ; solution in the juice of herbs.
IN-SUF'FER-A-BLE, a. 1. Intolerable ; that cannot be
bor le or endured. 2. That cannot be permitted or toler-
ated. 3. Detestable ; contemptible ; disgusting beyond
endurance.
IN-SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. To a degree beyond endurance.
IN-SUF-FI"CIEN-CY, 7!.. 1. Inadequateness ; v/ant of sufla-
ciency ; deficiency. 2. Inadequacy of power or skill ;
inability ; incapacity ; incompetency. 3. Want of the
requisite strength, value or force ; defect.
IN-SUF-Fl"CIENT, a. 1. Not sufficient ; inadequate to any
need, use or purpose. 2. Wanting in strength, power,
ability or skill ; incapable ; unfit.
IN-SUF-Fl"CIENT-LY, adv. With want of sufficiency ;
with want of proper ability or skill ; inadequately.
IN-SUF-FLa'TION, m. 1. The act of breathing on. 2.
The act of blowing a substance into a cavity of the
body.
IN-StJIT'A-BLE, a. Unsuitable. [Little used.] Burnet.
* IN'SU-LAR, a. [L. insularis.] Belonging to an isle ; sur-
rounded by water.
* IN'SU-LAR, n. One who dwells in an isle. Berkeley.
* IN-SU-LAR'I-TY, n. The situation of an island, or state
of being an island. Pickering^s Vocabulary.
* IN SU-LAR-Y, a. The same as insular.
*IN'SU-LAi E, V. t. [L. insula.] 1. To place in a detached
situation, or in a state to have no communication with
surrounding objects. — 2. In architecture, to set a column
alone or not contiguous to a wall. — 3. In electrical experi-
ments, to place on a non-conducting substance, or in a
situation to prevent communication with the earth. 4.
To make an isle ; [little used.]
* IN'SU-LA-TED, pp. or a Standing by itself; not being
contiguous to other bodies.
*IN'SU-LA-TING, ppr. Setting in a detached position.
*IN-SU-La'TION, n. 1. The act of insulating ; the state of
being detached from other objects. — 2. In electrical exper-
iments, that state in which the communication of elec-
trical fluid is prevented by the interposition of an electric
body.
* IN'SU-L A-TOfi, n. In electrical experiments, the substance
or body that insulates, or interrupts the communication of
electricity to surrounding objects ; a non-conductor or
electric.
flN-SULSE', (in-suls') a. [L. insulsus.] Dull; iosipid.
t IN-SULS'I-TY, w. Stupidity. Cockeram.
IN'SULT, ?(. [Fr. insulte; Ju. insultus.] 1. The act of leap-
ing on; [l.u.] 2. Any gross abuse offered to another,
either by words or actions ; act or speech of insolence or
contempt.
IN-SULT', V. t. [Fr. insulter ; L. insulto.] To treat with
gross abuse, insolence or contempt, by words or actions. —
To insult over, to triumph over with insolence.
IN-SULT', V. i. To behave with insolent triumph.
IN-SULT-A'TION, n. The act of insultmg ; abusive treat-
ment.
IN-SULT'ED, pp. Abused or treated with insolence.
IN-SULT'ER, n. One who insults. Rowe.
IN-SULT'ING, ppr. Treating with insolence or contempt
IN-SULT'ING-LY, adv. With insolent contempt; with
contemptuous triumph. Dryden.
flN-StJME', V. t. [L. insumo.] To take in. Evelyn.
IN-SU-PER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being insuper-
able.
IN-SU'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. insuperabilis.] 1. That cannoe
be overcome or surmounted; insurmountable. 2. That
cannot be passed over.
IN-Su'PER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Tlie quality of being insuper-
able or insurmountable.
IN-Su'PER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to be
overcome ; insurmountably. Grew.
IN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That cannot be support-
ed or borne. 2. That cannot be borne or endured; insuf-
ferable ; intolerable.
IN-SUP-PORT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in-
supportable ; insufferableness.
IN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLY, ad.v. In a manner or degree that
cannot be supported or endured. Dryden.
IN-SUP-PRESS'I-BLE, a. Not to be suppressed.
IN-SUP-PRESS'IVE, a. Not to be suppressed. Shak.
IN-StJR'A-BLE, (in-slmr'a-bl) a. That may be insured
agajnst loss or damage ; proper to be insured.
IN-SUR'ANCE, (in-shur'ans) n. 1. The act of insuring or
assuring against loss or damage ; or a contract by which
one engages for a stipulated consideration or premium pet
cent, to make up a loss which another may sustain. 2
The premium paid for insuring property or life. — Ins-ar-
ance company, a company or corporation whose business,
is to insure against loss or damage.
t IN-StJR'AN-CER, n. An underwriter.
IN-SuRE', (in-shiire') v. t. To make sure or secure ; to con
tract or covenant for a consideration to secure a persor^
against loss.
IN-SuRE', V. i. To underwrite ; to practice making insur-
ance.
IN-SuR'ED, (in-shurd') pp. Made sure ; assured ; securer
against loss.
IN-StJR'ER, (in-shur'er) n. One who insures ; an under-
writer.
* See SynopsL". A, £, I, O, t, Y, Zo»^.— FAR, FALL, WH^lT ;— PJIBY j-HN. MARINE, Bi&D »— f Obsolete
INT
459
IJST
IN-SUR6'ENT, a. [L. insurgens.] Rising in opposition to
lawful civil or political authority. Stephens.
iN-SUR6'EINT, n. A person who rises in opposition to civil
or political authority ; one who openly and actively resists
the execution of laws. An insurgent differs from a rebel.
The insurgent opposes the execution of a particular law
or laws ; the rebel attempts to overthrow or change the
government, or he revolts and attempts to place his coun-
try under another jurisdiction. All rebels are insurgents,
butall insurgents are not rebels.
IN-SuR'ING, (in-shur'ing) ppr. Making secure ; assuring
against loss ; engaging to indemnify for losses.
IN-SUR-MOUNT'A-BLE, a. [Fr. insurmontable.] 1. Insu-
perable ; that cannot be surmounted or overcome. 2. Not
to be surmounted ; not to be passed by ascending.
IN-SITR-MOUNT'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not
to be overcome.
IN-STJR-RE€'TION, n. [L. insurgo.] 1. A rising against
civil or political authority ; the open and active opposition
of a number of persons to the execution of law in a city or
state. It is equivalent to sedition, except that sedition ex-
presses a less extensive rising of citizens. It differs from
rehelUon, for the latter expresses a revolt, or an attempt to
overthrow the government, to establish a different one, or
to place the country under another jurisdiction. It differs
from mutiny, as it respects the civil or political govern-
ment ; whereas a mutiny is an open opposition to law in
the army or navy. 2. A rising in mass to oppose an en-
emy ; [little used.'l
IN-SUR-RE€'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to insurrection j
consisting in insurrection. Amer. Review.
IN-SUR-REG'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining or suitable to in,-
surrection. Burke.
IN-SUS-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. Want of susceptibility, or
capacity to feel or perceive. Med. Repos.
IN-SLTS-CEPT'I-BLE, a. 1. Not susceptible ; not capable
of being moved, affected or impressed. 2. Not capable of
receiving or admitting.
IN-SUS-UR-Ra'TION, n. [L. insusurro.] The act of whis-
pering into something.
IN-TA€T'A-BLE, a. [L. intactum.] Not perceptible to the
touch. Diet.
IN-TAGL'IA-TED, (in-tal'ya-ted) a. Engraved or stamped
on. Warton.
IN-TAGL'IO, (in-tal'yo) n. [It.] Any thing engraved, or a
precious stone vv^ith a head or an inscription engraved on it.
IN-TAN6'I-ELE, a. 1. That cannot or may not be touched.
2. Not perceptible to the touch.
IN-TAN6'I-BLE-NESS, ; n. The quality of being intangi-
IN-TANG-I-BIL'I-TY, S ble.
IN-TaST'A-BLE, a. That cannot be tasted ; that cannot
affect the organs of taste. Orew.
IN'TE-6ER,7i. [L.] The whole of any thing; parficwZarZ^/,
in arithmetic, a whole number, in contradistinction to a
fraction.
IN'TE-GRAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Whole ; entire. 2. Making part
of a whole, or necessary to make a whole. 3. Not frac-
tional. 4. Uninjured ; complete ; not defective.
IN'TE-GRAL, n. A whole ; an entue thing.
t IN-TE-GRAL'I-TY, n. Entireness. Whitaker.
IN'TE-GRAL-LY, adv. Wholly ; completely. Whitaker.
IN'TE-GRANT, a. Making part of a whole ; necessary to
constitute an entire thing. Burke.
IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. [L. integro.] To renew j to restore ;
to perfect ; to make a thing entire. South.
IN'TE-GRA-TED, pp. Made entire.
IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. The act of making entire.
W-TEG'Rl-TY, n. [Ft. integrite iJj.intesritas.] 1 Whole-
ness ; entireness ; unbroken state. 2. The entire, unim-
paired state of any thing, particularly of the mind ; moral
soundness or purity ; incorruptness ; uprightness ; hon-
esty. 3. Purity ; genuine, unadulterated, unimpaired state.
IN-TEG-U-Ma'TION, n. [L. intego.] That part of physiol-
ogy, which treats of the integuments of animals and
plants.
IN-TEG'U-MENT, n. [L. integum.enttim.] That which
naturally invests or covers another thing.
IN'TEL-LE€T, n. [Fr., from L. intellectus.] That faculty
of the human soul or mind, which receives or compre-
hends the ideas communicated to it by the senses or by
perception, or by other means; the faculty of thinking;
the understanding.
IN-TEL-LEG'TION, n. [Ij.intellectio.] The act of under-
standing ; simple apprehension of ideas. Bentley.
IN-TEL-LEGT'IVE, a. [Fr. intellectif.] I . Having power
to understand. Olanville. 2. Produced by the under-
standing. 3. To be perceived by the understanding, not
by the senses.
IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL, a. [Fr. intellectuel.] 1. Relating to
the intellect or understanding ; belonging to the mind ;
performed by the understanding ; mental. 2. Ideal; per-
ceived by the intellect ; existing in the understanding.
3. Having the power of understanding. 4. Relating to
the understanding ; treating of the mind
IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL, n. The intellect or understanding
[Little v^ed,] Milton.
IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL-IST, n. One who overrates the uu
derstanding. Bacon.
t IN-TEL-LE€T-U-AL'I-TY, n. The state of intellectua
power. Hallywell.
IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL-LY, adv. By means of the under
standing.
IN-TEL'LI 6ENCE, n. [L. intelligentia.] 1. Understand
ing ; skill. 2. Notice ; information communicated ; at
account of things distant or before unknown. 3. Com
merce of acquaintance ; terms of intercourse. 4. A spir
itual being
IN-TEL'L]-6ENCE, v. t. To inform ; to instruct [L. u.]
IN-TEL'LI-GENCED, pp. Informed ; instructed. [L. u.1
IN-TEL'LI-GENCE-OF'FICE, n. An office or place where
information may be obtained.
[N-TEL'LI-GEN-CER, n. One who sends or conveys intel-
ligence ; a messenger. Addison. 2. A public paper ; a
newspaper.
IN-TEL'LI-GEN-CING, ppr. or a. Giving or conveying no-
tice to from a distance.
IN-TEL'LI-GENT, a. [L. intelligens.] 1. Endowed with
the faculty of understanding or reason. 2. Knowing
understanding; well informed; skilled. 3. Giving in-
formation ; [obs.] Shak.
IN-TEL-LI-6EN'TIAL, a. 1. Consisting of unbodied mind
2. Intellectual ; exercising understanding. Milton.
IN-TEL-LI-GI-BIL'I-TY, In. The quality or state of
IN-TEL'LI-6l-iJLE-NESS, \ being intelligible ; the pos-
sibility of being understood. Tooke.
IN-TEL'LI-GI-BLE, a. [L. intelligibilis.] That may be
understood or comprehended.
IN-TEL'LI-Gl-BLY, adv. In a manner to be understood .
clearly ; plainly.
t IN-TEM'ER-ATE, a. [L. intemeraius.] Pure ; undefiled
t IN-TEM'ER-ATE-NESS, n. State of being unpolluted.
IN-TEM'PER-A-MENT, n. A bad state or constitution.
IN-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. [Fr. ; L. intemperantia.] 1. In 9
general sense, want of moderation or due restraint; ex
cess in any kind of action or indulgence. 2. Habitual in-
dulgence in drinking spirituous liquors, with or withou
intoxication. L. Beecher.
IN-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [IL. intemperatus] 1. Not moderate
or restrained within due limits ; indulging to excess an»
appetite or passion, either habitually or in a particula
instance ; immoderate in enjoyment or exertion. 2. Ai;
dieted to an excessive or habitueil use of spirituous liquor*
3. Passionate ; ungovernable. 4. Excessive ; exceeding
the convenient mean or degree.
t IN-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. To disorder. Whitaker.
IN-TEM'PER-ATE-LY, adv. With excessive indulgence
of appetite or passion ; with undue exertion ; immoder
S-tclv ' cxccssivGlv
IN-1 EM'PER-ATE-NESS, 71. 1. Want of moderation ; ex-
cessive degree of indulgence. 2. Immoderate degree of
any quality in the weather, as in cold, heat or storms.
IN-TEM'PER-A-TURE, n. Excess of some quality.
t IN-TEM-PEST'IVE, a. [L. intempestivus.l Untimely.
t IN-TEM-PEST'IVE-LY, adv. Unseasonably.
t IN-TEM-PES-TIV'I-TY, n. Untimeliness.
IN-TEN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be held or maintained j
that is not defensible. Warburton.
IN-TEND', V. t. [L. intendo.] 1. To stretch : to strain ; to
extend ; to distend . 2. To mean ; to design ; to purpose
that is, to stretch or set forward in mind. 3. To regard
to fix the mind on ; to attend ; to take care of; [obs.] 4
To enforce ; to make intense. Brown.
IN-TEND'ANT, n. [Fr.] 1. One who has the charge, over
sight, direction or management of some public businegst
2. In Charleston, South Carolina, the mayor or chief mu
nicipal officer of the city.
IN-TENDiED, pp. 1. Designed; purposed. 2. Stretched:
made intense ; [little used.]
IN-TEND'ED-LY, adv. With intention or purpose ; by de-
sign. Milton.
IN-TEND'ER, n. One who intends.
t IN-TEND'I-MENT, n. Attention ; understanding.
IN-TEND'ING, ppr. 1, Meaning ; designing ; purposing
2. Stretching ; distending ; [little used.]
IN-TENI^MENT, n. [Fr. entendement.] Intention ; de-
sign ; in law, the true meaning of a person or of a law or
of any legal instrument.
IN-TEN'ER-ATE^ v. t. To make tender ; to soften
IN-TEN'ER-A-TED, pp. Made tender or soft
IN-TEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Making tender.
IN-TEN-ER-A'TION, n. The act of making soft or ten-
der.
t IN-TEN'I-BLE, a. [in and tenible.] That cannot hold.
Shak.
IN-TENSE', (in-tens') a. [L. intensus.] 1. Literally, strain-
ed, stretched ; hence, very close, strict, as when the
mind is fixed or bent on a particular subject. 2. Raised
to a high degree ; violent ; vehement. 3. Very severe or
Se 3 Synopsis MOVE , BOOI^ DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
INT
400
INT
Keen. 4. Vehement j ardent. 5. Extreme in degree.
6. Kept on the stretch ; anxiously attentive.
IN-TEiVSE'LY, (in-tensly) adv. 1. To an extreme de-
gree ; vehemently. 2. Attentively ; earnestly.
IN-TEXSE'NESS," (in-tensnes) n. 1. The state of being
strained or stretched ; intensity. 2. The state of being
raised or concentrated to a great degree , extreme vio-
lence. 3. Extreme closeness.
m-TEN SION, n. [L. intensio.] 1. A straining, stretching
or bending ; the state of being strained. 2. Increase of
power or energy of any quaUty.
IN-TENS'I-TY, n. [Fr. intensite.] 1. The state of being
strained or stretched ; intenseness, as of a musical chord.
2. The state of being raised to a great degree ; extreme
violence. 3. Extreme closeness. 4. Excess j extreme
degree.
IN-TENS'IVE, a. 1. Stretched, or admitting of extension.
2 Intent ; unremitted ; assiduous. 3. Serving to give
force or emphasis.
IN-TENS'IVE-LY, adv. By increase of degree ; in a man-
ner to give force. Bramhall.
IN-TENT', a. [L. intentiis.] Literally, having the mind
strained or bent on an object; hence, fixed closely; sedu-
lously applied ; eager in pursuit of an object ; anxiously
diligent.
IN-TENT', n. Literally, the stretching of the mind to-
wards an object ; hence, a design ; a purpose ; intention ;
meaning; drift; aim. — To all intents, in all senses;
whatever may be designed.
IjV-TEN'TION, n. [h. intentio.] 1. Primarily, a stretching
or bending of the mind towards an object ; hence, un-
common exertion of the intellectual faculties ; closeness
of application ; fixedness of attention ; earnestness. 2.
Design ; purpose ; the fixed direction of the mind to a
particular object, or a determination to act in a particular
manner. 3. End or aim ; the object to be accomplished.
4. The state of being strained.
IN-TEJV'TIOX-AL, a. Intended; designed; done with
design.
IN-TEX'TION-AL-LY, adv. By design ; of purpose ; not
casually.
IX-TEN'TIOXED, in composition ; as, well-intentioned,
having good designs ; ill-intentioned, having ill designs.
IX^-TEXTTVE, a. Attentive; having the mind closely ap-
plied. Bacon.
IX-TEX^T'IVE-LY, adv. Closely ; with close application.
IX-TEXT'IVE-XESS, n. Qoseness of attention.
IN-TEX'T'LY, adv. With close attention or application ;
with eagerness or earnestness.
IX-TEX"T'XESS, n. The state of being intent; close appli-
cation ; constant employment of the mind.
IX'TER, a Latin preposition, signifying among or beticeen ;
used as a prefix.
IN-TER , r.t. [Fr. enterrer.] 1. To bury ; to deposit and
cover in the earth. 2. To cover with earth.
IN'TER-AeT, 71. [inter and act.] Intermediate employ-
ment or time ; a short piece between others.
IX-TER-AM'X^I-AX, a. [L. inter and amnis.] Situated be-
tween rivers. Bryant.
IX-TER^AN'I-MATE, v. t. To animate mutually. {Little
used.]
t IX-TER-BAS-T^'TIOX, n. [Sp. bastear.] Patch-work.
IX'-TER'€A-LAR, ) a. [1.. inter calarins.] Inserted; an
* 1X-T£R'€A-LA-RY, \ epithet given to the odd day in-
serted in leap year.
* IX'TER-€AL-ATE, or IX-TER'€AL-ATE, v. t. [L. in-
tercalo.] To insert an extraordinary day or other portion
of time.
* IX'TER-€AL-A-TED, or IN-TER'€AL-A-TED, pp. In-
serted.
* IX'TER-€AL-A-TIXG, or IX-TER'eAL-A-TIXG, ppr.
Inserting.
IX-TER-€AL-A'TION, n. [L. inter calatio.] The insertion
of an oddor extraordinary day in the calendar.
IN-TER-CkDE', v. i. [L. intercedo.] 1. To pass between.
2. To mediate ; to interpose ; to make intercession ; to
act between parties with a view to reconcile those who
differ or contend. 3. To plead in favor of one.
IX^'-TER-CeD EXT, a. Passing between ; mediating ;
pleading _for.
IX-TER-CeD'ER, n. One who intercedes or interposes be-
tween parties, to effect a reconciliation ; a mediator ; an
intercessor.
rX-TER-€ED'IN<T, ppr. Mediating; pleading.
IN-TEK-CEPT', V. t. [Ft. intercepter.] 1. To take or seize
on by the way ; to stop on its passage. 2. To obstruct ;
to stop m progress. 3. To stop, as a course or passing
4 To intemipt communication with, or progress towards.
5. To take, include or comprehend between.
IN-TER-CEPT'ED, pp. Taken on the way ; seized in pro-
gress ; stopped.
IX-TER-CEPT'ER, n. One who intercepts.
IX TER-CEPT'IXG, ppr. Seizing on its passage ; hinder-
ing from proceeding ; comprehending between.
IN-TER-CEPmON, n. The act of seizing something on
its passage ; a stopping ; obstruction of a course or pro-
ceeding ; hinderance.
IX-TER-CES'SIOX, n. [L. intercessio.] The act of inter-
ceding ; mediation ; interposition between parties at va-
riance, with a view to reconciliation ; prayer or solicita-
tion to one party in favor of another, sometimes against
another
t IX-TER-CES'SIOX-ATE, v i. To entreat. Jfasfi.
IX-TER-CES'SOR, n^ [L.] 1. A mediator ; one who in-
terposes between parties at variance, with a view to rec-
oncile them ; one who pleads in behalf of another. 2. A
bishop who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the
bishopric till a successor is elected.
IX'^-TER-CES'SO-RY, a. jContaining intercession; inter
ceding.
IN-TER-CHaIX', v. t. To chain ; to link together.
IX-TER-CHaIX'ED, pp. Chained together.
IX'^-TER-CHaIX'IXG, ppr. Chaining or fastening together.
IN-TER-CHaX6E', t. t. 1. To put each m the place o'
the other ; to give and take mutually ; to exchange ; to
reciprocate. 2. To succeed alternately.
IX'TER-CHaX6E, n. 1. Mutual change, each givmg and
receiving ; exchange ; permutation of commodities ; bar-
ter. 2. Alternate succession ; as the interchange of light
and darkness. 3. A mutual giving and receiving ; re-
ciprocation.
IX-TER-CHaX6E'A-BLE, a. J. That may be interchang-
ed ; that may be given and taken mutually. 2. Follow-
ing each other in alternate succession.
IN-TER-CHaX6E'A-BLE-XESS, 71. The state of being
interchangeable.
IX-TER-CHaX6E'A-BLY, adv. Alternately ; by recipro-
cation ; in a manner bv which each gives and receives.
IX-TER-CHaXG'ED, (m-ter-chanjd') pp. Mutually ex-
changed ; reciprocated.
IX-TER-CHAX(iE'MENT, n. Exchange ; mutual transfer-
[Little usedj] Shak.
IX-TER-CHaXG IXG, ppr. Mutually giving and receiving;
taking each other's place successively ; reciprocating.
IX-TER-Ci'DEXT, a. [L. intcrcido.] Falling or coming
between. Bovle.
IX-TER-CIP'I-EXT, a. [L. intercipiens .] Intercepting ;
seizing by the way ; stopping.
LX-TER-CIP'I-EXT, n. He or that which intercepts or
stops on the passage. Wiseman,
IN-TER-CIS'IOX, n. [L. intercido.'] Interruption. [L. w.l
IX-TER-€LuDE', v. t. [L. iiitercludo.] 1. To shut from"a
place or course by something intervenmg ; to intercept
2. To cut off" ; to interrupt.
IX-TER-€LuD'ED, pp. Intercepted ; interrupted.
IX-TER-€LuD IXG, ppr. Interrupting.
IX'-TER-CLtTSIOX, 7!. Interception; a stopping.
IX-TER-CO-LUM-XT-aTION, 71. [L. inter and columna.]
In architecture, the space between two columns.
t IX'-TER-€63IE', v. i. [inter and come.] To interpose ; to
interfere.
IX-TER-€0M'M0N, r. i. [inter and common.] 1. To feed
at the same table. 2. To graze cattle in a common pas-
ture ; to use a common with others.
IN-TER-€OM'MOfs'-IXG, ppr. Feeding at the same table,
or using a common pasture ; enjoying a common field
with others.
IX-TER-eOM-Mu'XI-€ATE, v. i. To communicate mu-
tually ; to hold mutual communication.
IX-TE'R-€OM-Mu-NI-€a' TION, n. Reciprocal communi-
cation.
IX-TER-€0:M-MuN'IOX, n. Mutual communion. Faber.
IX"-TER-€OM-Mu'NI-TY, n. A mutual communication or
community.
IX-TER-€0ST'AL, a. [Fr.] Lying between the ribs
IX-TER-€0ST'AL, n. A part lying between the ribs.
IX'TER-CoCRSE, n. [L. intercursus.] 1. Communication ;
commerce ; connection by reciprocal dealings between
persons or nations. 2. Silent communication or exchange
IX'-TER-€UR', V. i. [L. intercurro.] To intervene ; to come
in the mean time. Shelton.
IX-TER-€URfREXCE, n. [L. intercurrens.] A passing or
running between. Boyle.
IX'-TER-€UR'REXT, a. [L. intercurrens.] 1. Running be-
tween or among. Boyle. 2. Occurring ; intervening.
Barrow.
IX'-TER-€U-Ta'X'E-OUS, a. Being within or under the
skin.
IXTER-DeAL, n. Mutual dealing ; traffick.
IX-TER-DICT', V. t. [L. interdico.] 1. To forbid ; to pro-
hibit. 2. To forbid communion ; to cut off" from the en-
joyment of communion with a church.
IX'TER-DI€T, ?(. [1.. interdictum.] 1. Prohibition; a pro-
hibiting order or decree. 2. A papal prohibition by which
the clergy are restrained from performing divine service ;
a species" of ecclesiastical censure. 3. A papal prohibition
by which persons are restrained from attending divine
service, or prevented from enjoying some privilege.
Sec Sinippsis. A, £, I, 6, V, Y, Ions FAR, FALL, WH^-T j— FRgY 5— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— • f Obsolete.
INT
461
INT
dN-TER-DI€T'ED, pp. Forbid ; prohibited.
IN-TER-DI€T'ING, ppr. Forbidding ; prohibiting ; cutting
off from the enjoyment of some privilege.
IN-TER-DI€'TION, n. [L. inter dictio.] The act of inter-
dicting ; prohibition ; prohibiting decree ; curse. Milton.
IN-TER-DI€T'IVE, a. Having power to prohibit.
IN-TER-DiCT'O-RY, a. Serving to prohibit.
. N-TER-E-aUI-NOC'TIAL, a. [inter and equinox.'] Com-
ing between the vernal and autumnal equinoxes.
t IN-TER-ESS', for interest.
IN'TER-EST, v.t. [Fr. interesser.l 1. To concern 5 to
affect ; to excite emotion or passion, usually in favor, but
sometimes against a person or thing. 2. To give a share
in. 3. To have a share. 4. To engage. — To interest
one^s self, is to take a share or concern in.
t IN'TER-EST, V. i. To affect ; to move , to touch with
passion
IN'TER-EST, n. 1. Concern ; advantage ; good. 2. In-
fluence over others. 3. Share ; portion ; part ; participa-
tion in value. 4. Regard to private profit. 5. Premium
paid for the use of money. 6. Any surplus advantage.
IN'TER-EST-ED, pp. 1. Made a sharer. 2. Affected;
moved ; having the passions excited. 3. a. Having an
interest ; concerned in a cause or in consequences 5 liable
to be affected.
IN'TER-EST-ING, ppr. 1. Giving a share or concern. 2.
Engaging the affections. 3. a. Engaging the attention or
curiosity £ exciting emotions or passions.
IN-TER-FeRE', iJ. i. [h. inter and fero.] 1. To interpose ;
to intermeddle ; to enter into or take a part in the con-
cerns of others. 2. To clash ; to come in collision ; to be
in opposition. 3. A horse is said to interfere, when one
hoof or shoe strikes against the fetlock of the opposite leg,
and breaks the skin or injures the flesh.
IN-TER-FeR'ENCE, n. 1. Interposition ; an intermed-
dling ; mediation. 2. A clashing or collision. 3. A strik-
ing of one foot against the other.
IN-TER-FeR'ING, ppr. 1. Interposing; meddling. 2.
Clashing ; coming in collision. 3. Striking one foot
against the fetlock of the opposite leg.
IN-TER-FeR'ING, 71. Interference. £p. Butler.
IN-TER'FLU-ENT, ) a. [L. interfiuo.] Flowing between.
IN-TER'FLU-OUS, \ Boyle.
IN-TER-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [1j. inter sxid folium.] Being
between opposite leaves, but placed alternately with
them.
IN-TER-Fo'LI-ATE, v. t. To interleave. Evelyn.
IN-TER-FUL6'ENT, a. [L. inter and fulgens.] Shining
between._JbA7isow.
IN-TER-FuS'ED, (in-ter-f uzd') a. [L. interfusus.] Poured
or spread between. Milton.
IN'TER-IM, 71. [L.l The mean time ; time intervening.
IN-Te'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. Internal ; being within any
limits, inclosure or substance ; inner ; opposed to exterior.
2. Inland ; remote from the limits, frontier or shore.
IN-Te'RI-OR, n. 1. The internal part of a thing ; the in-
side^ 2. The inland part of a country, state or kingdom.
IN-Te'RI-OR-LY, adv. Internally; inwardly. Donne.
IN-TER-Ja'CEN-CY, n. [L. interjacens.] 1. A lying be-
tween ; a bemg between ; intervention. 2. That which
lies between ; llittle used.]
IN-TER-Ja'CENT, a. [L. interjacens.] Lying or being be-
tween ; intervening. Raleigh.
IN-TER-JECT', v. t. [L. interjicio.] To throw between ; to
throw in between other things ; to insert.
t IN-TER-JECT', V. i. To come between ; to interpose.
Sir G. Buck.
1N-TER-JE€T'ED, pp. Thrown in or inserted between.
tN-TER-JE€T'ING, ppr. Throwing or inserting between.
[N-TER-JEC'TION, n. 1. The act of throwing between.
2. A word in speaking or writing, thrown in between
words connected in construction, to express some emotion
or passion.
IN-TER-JEC'TION-AL, a. Thrown in between other
words or phrases. Observer.
IN-TER-JOIN', V. t. To join mutually; to intermarry.
[Little used.]
IX-TER-KNOWL'ED6E, n. Mutual knowledge. [L. u.]
IN-TER-LaCE', v. t. [Fr. entrelacer.] To intermix ; to
put or insert one thing with another.
IN-TER-La'CED. (in-ter-lasf) pp. Intermixed; inserted
between other thin^. »
IN-TER-La'CING, ppr. Intermixing ; inserting between.
IN-TER-LAPSE', (in-ter-laps') n. The lapse or flow of tune
between two events.
IN-TER-LaRD', V. t. [Fr. entrelarder.] 1. Primarily, to
mix tat with lean ; hence, to interpose ; to insert between.
2. To mix ; to diversify by mixture. Hale.
IN-TER-LARD'ED, pp. Interposed ; inserted between ;
mixed.
IN-TER-LARD'ING, ppr. Inserting between; intermix-
ing.
IN'TER-LeAF, n. A leaf inserted between other leaves; a
blank leaf inserted. Chesterfield.
IN-TER-LEAVE', v. t. To insert a leaf; to Insert a blank
leaf or blank leaves in a book, between other leaves.
IN-TER-LeAV'ED, (in-ter-leevd) pp. Inserted between
leaves, or having blank leaves inserted between other
leaves.
IN-TER-LeAV'ING, ppr. Inserting blank leaves between
other leaves.
m-TER-LiNE', V. t. 1. To write in alternate lines. 2. Tc
write between lines already written or printed.
IN-TER-LIN'E-AR, ; a. Written between lines before
IN-TER-LIN'E-A-RY, ] written or printed.
IN-TER-LIN'E-A-RY, n. A book having insertions be-
tween the leaves.
IN-TER-LIN-E-A'TION, n. [inter and lineation.] 1. The
act of inserting words or lines between lines before writ-
ten or printed. 2. The words, passage or line mserted
between lines before written or printed.
IN-TER-LIN'ED, (in-ter-lind') pp. 1. Written between
lines. 2. Containing a line or lines written between
lines.
IN-TER-LiN'ING, ppr. Writing between lines already
written or printed.
IN-TER-LlN'ING, n. Corr-^ction or alteration by writing
between the lines. Burnet.
IN-TER-LINK', v. t. To connect by uniting links ; to join
one chain to another. Dryden.
IN-TER-LINK'ED, (in-ter-linkt') pp. Connected by union
of links ; joined.
IN-TER-LINK'ING, ppr. Connecting by uniting links;
joining.
IN-TER-LO-€a'TION, n. A placing between; interposi-
tion.
IN-TER-1.0-€u'TION, n. [L. interlocutio.] 1. Dialogue ;
conterence ; interchange 01 speech. — 2. In law, an inter-
mediate act or decree before final decision.
IN-TER-LOC'U-TOR, n. [L. interloquor.] 1. One who
speaks in dialogue ; a dialogist. — 2. In Scots law, an in-
terlocutory judgment or sentence.
IN-TER-LOe'U-TO-RY, a. [Fr. interlocutoire.] 1. Con-
sisting of dialogue. — 2. In law, intermediate ; not final or
definitive.
IN-TER-LoPE', V. i. [inter, and D. loopen.] To run between
parties, and intercept the advantage that one should gain
from the other; to trafiick without a proper license ; to
forestall ;_to prevent right.
IN-TER-LoP'ER, n. One who runs into business to which
he has no right ; one who interferes wrongfully ; one who
entere a country or place to trade without license.
IN-TER-LoP'ING, ppr. Interfering wrongfully.
IN-TER-Lu'CATE, v. t. To let in light by cutting away
branches of trees.
IN-TER-LU-€a'T10N, n. The act of thinning a wood to
let in light. Evelyn.
IN-TER-Lu'CENT, a. [L. interlucens.] Shining between.
IN'TER-LUDE, 71. [L. inter and Indus.] An entertainment
exhibited on the stage between the acts of a play, or be-
tween the play and the afterpiece. In ancient tragedy,
the chorus sung the interludes.
IN'TER-LU-DER, 71. One that performs in an interiude.
IN-TER-Lu'EN-CY, n. [L. interluens.] A flowing be-
tween ; water interposed. [Little iised.] Hale.
IN-TER-Lu'NAR, ; a. [L. inter and luna.] Belonging to
IN-TER-Lu'NA-RY, \ the time when the moon, at or
near its conjunction with the sun, is invisible. Milton.
IN-TER-MAR'RIAGE, (in-ter-mar'ridje) n. Marriage be-
tween two families, where each takes one and gives an-
other. .Addison.
IN-TER-MAR'RIED, pp. Mutually connected by mar-
riage.
IN-TER-MAR'RY, v.i. 1. To marry one and give another
in marriage, as two families. 2. To marry some of each
order, family, tribe or nation with the other.
IN-TER-MAR'RY-ING, ppr. Mutually giving and receiv-
ing in marriage ; mutually connecting by marriage.
t IN-TER-MeAN, n. [inter and mean.] Interact; some-
thing done in the mean time. Todd.
t IN-TER-ME-A'TION, n. A flowing between.
IN-TER-MED'DLE, v. i. To meddle in the affairs of oth
ers ; to meddle officiously ; to interpose or interfere un-
properly.
t IN-TER-MED'DLE, v. t. To intermix ; to mingle. Spenser.
IN-TER-MED'DLER, n. One that interposes officiously ;
one who intermeddles. Swift.
IN-TER-MED'DLING, ppr. Interposing officiouslv.
IN-TER-MED'DLING, 71. Officious interposition."
IN-TER-Me'DI-A-CY, n. Interposition ; intervention.
[Unauthorized.]
IN-TER-Me'DI-AL, a. [L. inter and medius.] Lying be-
tween ; intervening ; intervenient. Evelyn
IN-TEIJ.-Me'DI-A-RY, n. 1. Interposition ; intervention ,
[little used.] 2. Something interposed.
IN-TER-Me'DI-ATE, a. [Fr. intermediat.] Lying or being
in the middle place or degree between two extremes ; in-
tervening; interposed.
• See &yn<»>sis. MOVE, BOCX. DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE^C as K ; G aa J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
INT
4653
INT
r rN-TER-MEDl-ATE, v. i. To intervene j to interpose.
air H. Sheer e.
N-TER-Me'DI-ATE, n. in chemistry, a substance wliich
is the intermedium or means of chemical affinity.
IN-7 ER-Me'DI-ATE-LY, ado. By way of intervention.
I^-TER-ME-DI-A'TION, n. Intervention ; common means.
IN -TER-Me'DI-UM, 71. 1. Intermediate space. ./3sA. 2.
An intervening agent. Cowper.
flN-TER-MELL', v. t. or t. [Fr. entremiler.'] To intermix
or intermeddle. Fisher.
IN-TER'MENT, n The act of depositing a dead body in
the earth ; burial ; sepulture.
I IN-TER-MEN TION, v. t. To mention among other
things.
tN-TER-MI-€a'TION, 71. [L. intermico.] A shining be-
tween or among.
N-TER-MI-GRa'TION, 71. Reciprocal migration ; removal
from one country to another.
IN-TERMI-NA-BLE, a. [L,. inandtermimis.] Boundless;
endless ; admitting no limit.
f IN-TERM'I-NA-BLE, n. He whom no bound or limit can
confine.
IN-TERM'I-NA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being intermina-
ble ; endlessness.
IN-TERM'I-NATE, a. [L. inter minatus.] Unbounded ; un-
limited ; endless. Chapman.
t IN-TERM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. inter mino^.] To menace.
IN-TERM-I-Na'TION, 71. [L. interminor.J A menace or
threat. Hall.
IN-TER-MIN'GLE, v. t. To mingle or mix together ; to put
some things with others. Hooker.
IN-TER-MIN'GLE, v. i. To be mixed or incorporated.
IN-TER-MIN'GLED, pp. Intermixed. Pope.
IN-TER-MIN'GLING, ppr. Mingling or mixing together.
IN-TER-MIS'SION, 7i. [L. intennissio.] 1. Cessation for
a time ; pause ; intermediate stop. 2. Intervenient time.
3. The temporary cessation or subsidence of a fever ; the
space of time between the paroxysms of a disease. Inter-
mission is an entire cessation, as distinguished from re-
mission oi abatement of fever. 4. The state of being neg-
lected ; disuse, as of words ; [little used.\
TN-TER-MIS'PIVE, a. Coming by fits or after temporary
cessations; not continual. Hoioell.
IN-TER-MIT', v. f, [L,. intermitto.] To cause to cease for a
time ; to interrupt ; to suspend.
IN-TER-MIT', V. i. To cease for a time ; to go off at inter-
vals, as a fever.
IN-TER-MIT'TED, pp. Caused to cease for a time.
IN-TER-MIT'TENT, a. Ceasing at intervals.
IN-TER-MIT'TENT, n. A fever which entirely subsides
or ceases at certain intervals.
^N-TER-MIT'TING, ppr. 1. Ceasing for a time ; pausing.
2. Causing to cease.
tN-TER-MlT'TING-LY, adv. With intermissions.
IN-TER-MIX', v.t. To mix together , to put somethings
with others ; to intermingle Milton.
fN-TER-MIX', V. i. To be mixed together ; to be intermin-
gled.
'N-TER-MIX'En, (in-ter-mixf) pp. Mingled together.
£N-TEIUMIX'ING, ppr. Intermingling.
iN-TER-MIXT'URE, n. 1. A mass formed by mixture ; a
mass of ingredients mixed. 2. Admixture; something
additional mingled in a mass.
IN-TER-MONT'ANE, a. Between mountains.
IN-TER-MUND'ANE, a. [L.. inter and mundanus.] Being
between worlds, or Jietween orb and orb.
IN-TER-MU'RAL, a. Lying between walls. Ain^worth.
IN-TER-MUS'€U-LAR, a. Between the muscles.
IN-TER-MU-Ta'TION, 71. Interchange ; mutual change.
IN-TER-MU'TU-AL, for mutual, is an illegitimate word.
IN-TERN', a. Internal. [JVot much used.] Howell.
IN-TERN'AL, a. [Ta. internus.] 1. Inward; interior; be-
ing within any limit or surface; not external. 2. Per-
taining to the heart. 3. Intrmsic; real. 4. Confined to
a country ; domestic ; not foreign.
IN-TERN AL-LY, adv. 1. Inwardly ; within the body ;
beneath the surface. 2. Mentally; intellectually. 3.
Spiritually.
IN-TER-Na'TION-AL, [See * National.] a. [inter and
national.] Existing and regulating the mutual intercourse
between different nations. Baring.
IN-TER-Ne'CiNE, a. [L. intemecinus.] Deadly.
IN-TER-Ne'CION, 71. [L. internecio.] Mutual slaughter or
destniction. [Little used.] Hale.
IN-TER-NEC'TION, 71. Connection. W. Mountagu.
IN'TER-NODE, n. [L. intemodium.] In botany, the space
between two joints of a plant.
IN-TER-NUN'CIO, n. [L. intemuncius.] A messenger be-
tween two parties. Johnson.
IN-TER-OS'SE-AL, I a. [L. inter and os.] Situated be-
IN-TER-OS'SE-OUS, ] tween bones.
t IN-TER-PeAL', v. t. [L. interpello.] To interrupt.
1 1 N-TER-PEL', v. t. To set forth. B. Jonson.
IN-TER-PEL-La'TION, n. [L. interpellatio.] 1. A sum-
mons , a citation. 2. Interruption. 3. An earnest ad
dress ; intercession.
IN-TER-PLeAD', v. i. In law, to discuss a point incident
ally happening, before tl>e principal cause can be tried.
IN-TER-PLeAD'ER, 71. A bill of interpleader, in chancery,
is where a person owes a debt or rent to one of the parties
in suit, but, till the determination of it he knows not to
which.
IN-TER-PLED6E', (in-ter-plej') v. t. To give and take as
a mutual pledge. Davenant.
IN-TER-POINT', V. t. To point ; to distinguish by stops. .
*IN'TER-PO-LATE, or IN-TER'PO-LATE, v.t. [Fr. inr
terpoler; L. interpolo.] 1. To renew ; to begin again ; to
carry on with intermission ; [obs.] 2. To foist in ; to in-
sert, as a spurious word or passage in a manuscript or
book ; to add a spurious word or passage to the original.
*IN'TER-PO-LA-TED, or IN-TER'PO-LA-TED, j?;?. In^
serted or added to the original.
*IN'TER-PO-LA-TING, or IN-TERTO-LA-TING, ppr.
Foisting in what is spurious.
IN-TER-PO-La'TION, 71. 1. Theactoffoistingawordor
passage into a manuscript or book. 2. A spurious word
or passage inserted in the genuine writings of an author.
— 3. In mathematics, a branch of analysis.
* IN'TER-PO-LA-TOR, or IN-TER'PO-LA-TOR, n. [I..j
One who foists into a book or manuscript spurious words
or passages ; one who adds something to genuine writ
ings.
IN-TER-POL'ISH, v. t. To polish between.
t IN-TER-PoNE', V. t. To set or insert between.
IN-TER-PoS'AL, 7i. 1. The act of interposing ; interposi-
tion ; interference ; agency between two persons. 2. In-
tervention ; a coming or being between.
IN-TER-P6SE', V. t. [Fr. interposer.] 1. To place be-
tween ; as, to interpose a body between the sun and the
earth. 2. To place between or among ; to thrust in ; to in-
trude, as an obstruction, interruption or inconvenience
3. To offer, as aid or services, for relief or the adjustment
of differences.
IN-TER-PoSE', V. i. 1. To step in between parties at va-
riance ; to mediate. 2. To put in by way of interruption.
t IN-TER-PoSE', 71. Interposal. Spenser.
IN-TER-PoS'ED, (in-ter-p6zd') pp. Placed between or
among ; thrust in.
IN-TER-PoS'ER, n. One that interposes or comes between
others ; Ei_raediator or agent between parties.
IN-TEK-PoS'ING,p^7-. Placing between ; coming between ;
offering aid or services.
IN-TER-POS'IT, 71. A place of deposit between one com-
mercial city or country and another. jMitford.
IN-TER-PO-Sl"TION, n. [L. interpositio.] 1. A being,
placing or coming between ; intervention. 2. Interveni-
ent agency 3. Mediation ; agency between parties. 4.
Any thing interposed.
t IN-TER-PoS'URE, n. Interposal. Glanville
IN-TER'PRET, v. t. [Fr. interpreter ; L. interpreter.] 1.
To explain the meaning of words to a person who does
not understand them ; to expound ; tr translate unintelli-
gible words into intelligible ones. 2. To explain or un-
fold the meaning of predictions, visions, dreams or enig-
mas ; to expound. 3. To decipher. 4. To explain some-
thing not understood. 5. To define ; to explain words by
other words in the same language.
IN-TER'PRE-TA-BLE, a. That may be interpreted.
IN-TER-PRE-Ta'TION, n. [L. interpretatio.] 1. The act
of interpreting ; explanation of unintelligible words in
language that is intelligible. 2. The act of expounding
or unfolding what is not understood or not obvious. 3.
The sense given by an interpreter ; exposition. 4. The
power of explaining.
IN-TER'PRE-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Collected or known by in-
terpretation. 2. Containing explanation.
IN-TER'PRE-TA-TiVE-LY, adv. As may be coUected by
interpretation. Ray.
IN-TER'PRET-ED, pp. Explained ; expounded.
IN-TER'PRET-ER, n. I. One that explains or expounds;
an expositor. 2. A translator.
IN-TER'PRET-ING, j>pr. Explaining; expounding ; trans-
lating.
IN-TER-PUN€'TI0N, 7»,. [L. interpunctio.] The making
of points between sentences or parts of a sentence.
IN-TER-REG'NUM, 71. [L. inter and regnum..] The time in
which a throne is vacant, between the death or abdica-
tion of a king and the accession of his successor.
IN-TER-REIGN', (in-ter-rane') n. An interregnum, or va-
cancy of the throne. Bacon.
IN-TER'RER, n. One that inters or buries.
IN'TER-REX, 71. [h. inter and rex.] A regent ; a magistrate
that governs durmg an interregnum.
IN-TER'RO-GATE, v. t. [Fr. interroger ; L.interrogo.] To
question ; to examine by asking questions.
IN-TER'RO-GATE, v. i. To ask questions. Bacon.
t IN-TER'RO-GATE, n. Question put ; inquiry. Bp. Hall,
IN-TER'RO-GA-TED, pp. Examined by questions.
* See Synopsis. A. E, I. O. U, Y, long —FAR , FALL, WHAT j— PR£Y ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsclete.
INT
463
INT
IN-TER'RO-GA-TING, ppr. Asking questions of one ; ex-
amining by questions.
IN-TER-RO-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of questioning ; ex-
amination by questions. 2. A question put ; inquiry. 3.
A note tliat marks a question.
IN-TER-ROG'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. interrogatif.] Denoting a
question 3 expressed in the form of a question.
IN-TER-ROG'A-TiVE, n. A word used in asking ques-
tions ; as, who 1 what ?
IN-TER-ROG'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In the form of a question.
IN-TER'RO-GA-TOR, n. One who asks questions.
IN-TER-ROG'A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. interrogatoire.] A ques-
tion or inquiry. — In law, a particular question to a wit-
ness, who is to answer it under the solemnities of an oath.
IN-TER-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Containing a question j ex-
pressing a question.
IN-TER-RUPT', V. t. [L. interruptus.] 1. To stop or hin-
der by breaking in upon the course or progress of any
thing ; to break the current or motion of. 2. To divide;
to separate ; to break continuity or a continued series.
IN-TER-RUPT', a. Broken ; containing a chasm.
IN-TER-RUPT ED, pp. Stopped ; hindered from proceed-
ing.
IN-TER-RUPT'ED-LY, adv. With breaks or interruptions.
IN-TER-RUPT'ER, n. One that interrupts.
IN-TER-RUPT'ING, ppr. Hindering by breaking in upon.
IN-TER-RUP'TION, n. [L. interruptio.] 1. The act of in-
terrupting, or breaking in upon progression. 2. Breach
of any thing extended 5 interposition. 3. Intervention ;
interposition. 4. Stop ; hinderance ; obstruction caused
by breaking in upon any course, current, progress or mo-
tion. 5. Stop; cessjUion; intermission.
IN-TER-S€AP'U-LAR, a. [L. inter and scapula.] Situated
between the shoulders.
IN-TER-SCIND', v. t. [L. inter and scindo.] To cut off.
IN-TER-S€RlBE', v. t. To write between. Diet.
IN-TER-Se'€ANT, a. [L. intersecans.] Dividing into
parts ; crossing. Diet.
IN-TER-SE€T', v. t. [L. interseco.] To cut or cross mutu-
ally ; to divide into parts.
IN-TER-SE€T', v. i. To meet and cross each other.
IN-TER-SE€T'ED, pp. Cut or divided into parts ; crossed.
IN-TER-SE€T'ING, ppr. Cutting ; crossing, as lines.
IN-TER-SE€'TION , n. [L. interseetio.] 1. The act or
state of intersecting. 2. The point or line in which two
lines or two planes cut each other.
IN-TER-SEM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. interseminatus.] To sow
between or among. [Little used.]
IN-TER-SERT', v. t. [L. intersero.] To set or put in be-
tween other things. Brerewood.
IN-TER-SER'TION, n. An insertion, or thing inserted be-
tween other things. Hammond.
IN'TER-SPACE, n. A space between other things.
IN-TER-SPERSE', (in-ter-spers') v. t. [L. interspersus.]
To scatter or set here and there among other things.
IN-TER-SPERS'ED, (in-ter-spersf) pp. Scattered or situ-
ated here and there among other tilings.
IN-TER-SPERS'ING, ppr. Scattering here and there among
other things.
IN-TER-SPER'SION, n. The act of scattering or setting
here and there among other things.
IN-TER-STEL'LAR, a. [L. inter and Stella.] Situated be-
yond the solar system. Bacon.
* IN'TER-STlCE, or IN-TER'STlCE, n. [Fr., from L. in-
terstitium.] 1. A space between things ; but chiefly, a
narrow or small space between things closely set, or the
parts which compose a body. 2. Time between one act
and another; interval.
t IN-TER-STINCT'IVE, a. Distinguishing. JVallis.
IN-TER-STi"TIAL, a. Pertaining to or containing inter-
IN-TER-STRAT'I-FlED, a. Stratified among or between
other bodies. Encyc.
t IN-TER-TALK', (in-ter-tawk') ?) t. To exchange conver-
sation .
IN-TER-TAN'GLE, v. t. To intertwist ; to entangle.
IN-TER-TEXT'URE, n. [l.. intertextus.] The act of inter-
weaving, or the state of things interwoven.
IN'TER-TlE, or IN'TER-DUCE, n. In carpentry, a small
timber between summers.
IN-TER-TROP'I-CAL, a. Situated between the tropics.
IN-TER-TWiNE', v. t. To unite by twining or twisting
one with an_other. Milton.
IN-TER-TWiN'ED, (in-ter-twind') pp. Twined or twisted
one with another.
[N-TER-TWiN'ING, ppr. Twining one with another.
IN-TER-TWIST', ■;;. t. To twist one with another.
IN-TER-TWIST'ED, pp. Twisted one with another.
IN-TER-TWIST'ING, ppr. Twisting one with another.
IN'TER-VAL, 71. [Fr. intervalle ; L. intervallum.] 1. A
space between things ; a void space intervening between
any two objects. 2. Space of time between any two
points or events. 3. The space of time between two par-
oxysms of disease, pain, or delirium; remission. 4. The
distance between two given sounds in music, or the dif-
ference in point of gravity or acuteness. 5. A tract of
low or plain ground between hills, or along the banks of
rivers, usually alluvial land of rivers. Hutchinson.
IN-TER-VEIN'ED, a. Intersected as with veins.
IN-TER-VeNE', v. i. [L. intervenio.] 1. To come or be
between persons or things ; to be situated between. 2.
To come between points of time or events. 3. To happen
in a way to disturb, cross or interrupt. 4. To interpose
or undertake voluntarily for another.
IN-TER-VeNE', n. A coming between. Wotton.
IN-TER-VeN'I-ENT, a. Coming or being between ; inter-
cedent ; interposed. [Little used.] Bacon.
IN-TER-VeN'ING, ppr. or a. Coming or being between
-persons or things, or between points of time.
IN-TER-VEN'TION, n. [L. interventio.] 1. A state of
coming or being between ; interposition. 2. Agency of
persons between persons ; interposition ; mediation ; any
interference that may atfect the interests of others. 3
Agency of means or mstruments. 4. Interposition in fa-
vor of another ; a voluntary undertaking of one party for
another.
t IN-TER-VEN'UE, n. [Fr. intervenu.] Interposition
IN-TER-VERT', v. t. [L. interverto.] To turn to another
course or to another use. [Little used.] Wotton.
IN'TER-VIEW, (in'ter-vu) n. [inter and view.] A mutual
sight or view ; a meeting ; a conference or mutual com-
munication of thoughts.
IN-TER-VOLVE', (in-ter-volv') v. t. [L. intervolvc] To
involve one within another. Milton.
IN-TER-VOLV'ED, (in-ter-volvd') pp. Involved one with-
in another ; wrapped together.
IN-TER-VQLV'ING, ppr. Involving one within another
IN-TER-WeAVE', v. t. ; pret. interwove ,• pp. interwoven.
1. To weave together ; to intermix or unite in texture or
construction. 2. To intermix; to set among or together.
3. To intermingle ; to insert together.
INrTER-WEAV'lNG, ppr. Weaving together.
IN-TER-WeAV'ING, n. Intertexture. Milton.
IN-TER-WISH', v. t. To wish mutually to each other.
[Little used.]
IN-TER-W6RK'ING, n. The act of working together.
IN-TER-WReATH'ED, (in-ter-reethd') a. Woven into a
wreath.
IN-TEST' A-BLE, a. [L. intestabilis.] Not capable of mak-
ing a will ; legally unqualified or disqualified to make a
testament.
IN-TEST'A-CY, n. The state of dying without making a
will or disposing of one's effects.
IN-TEST'ATE, a. [Fr.intestat; 1.. intestatus.] 1. Dying
witliout having made a will. 2. Not devised ; not dis-
posed of by will.
IN-TEST'ATE, n. A person who dies without making a
will. Blackstone.
IN-TEST'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to the intestines of an ani-
mal body. Arbnthnot.
IN-TEST'lNE, a. [Fr. intestin ; L. intestinv^.] 1. Inter-
nal ; inward ; opposed to external ; applied to the human
or other animal body. 2. Internal with regard to a state
or country ; domestic, not foreign ; as, intestine feuds.
This word is usually or always applied to evils.
IN-TEST'lNE, n. ; usually in the plural. Intestines. The
bowels.
t IN-THtRST', V. t. To make thirsty. Bp. Hall.
IN-THRALL', v. t. {in and thrall.] To enslave ; to reduce
to bondage or servitude ; to shackle. <
IN-THRALL'ED, (in-thrawld') pp. Enslaved ; reduced to
servitude.
IN-THRALL'ING, ppr. Enslaving.
IN-THRALL'MENT, n. Servitude; slavery; bondage.
Milton.
IN-THRoNE', V. t. To seat on a throne ; to raise to royalty
or supreme dominion. See Enthrone.
t IN-THRO-Nl-ZA'TION, n. The act of enthroning.
t IN-THRoN'iZE, v. t. To enthrone.
IN'TI-MA-CY, 71. Close familiarity or fellowship; nearness
in friendship. Rogers.
IN'TI-MATE, a. [L. intimv^.] 1. Inmost ; inward ; inter-
nal. 2. Near; close. 3. Close in friendship or acquaint-
ance ; familiar.
IN'TI-MATE, n. A familiar friend or associate ; one to
whom the thoughts of another are intrusted without re-
serve.
t IN'TI-MATE, V. i. To share together. Spenser.
IN'TI-MATE, V. t. [Fr. intimer.] To hint ; to suggest ob-
scurely, indhectly or not very plainly ; to give slight no-
tice of.
IN'TI-MA-TED, pp. Hinted ; slightly mentioned or signi-
fied.
IN'TI-MATE-LY, adv. 1. Closely ; with close intermixt-
ure and union of parts. 2. Closely ; with nearness of
friendship or alliance. 3. Familiarly ; particularly.
IN'TI-MA-TING, ppr. Hinting ; suggesting.
IN-TI-Ma'TION, n. [Fr.] Hint; an obscure or indirect
* Se'. Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
INT
464
INT
suggestion or notice ; a declaration or remark communi-
cating imperfect information.
MJNJ'TIME, a. [L.intimus.] Inward; internal. Digby.
IN-TIM'I-DATE, v. t. [Fr. inti-mider.} To make fearful 3
to inspire with fear ; to dishearten ; to abash.
IN-TIM'I-DA-TED,pp. Made fearful ; abashed.
IN-TIM'I-DA-TING, ppr. Making fearful ; abashing.
IN-TIM-I-Da'TION, «. The act of making fearful ; the
state of being abashed.
IN-TIN€-TIV'1-TY, n. The want of the quality of coloring
or tinging other bodies. Kirwan.
IN-TiRE', IN-TIRE LF. See Entire and its derivatives.
IN-Ti'TLE. See Entitle.
IN'TO, prep, [in and to.] 1. Noting entrance or a passing
from the outside of a thing to its interior parts. It follows
verbs expressing motion. 2. Noting penetration beyond
the outside or surface, or access to it. 3. Noting insertion.
4. Noting mixture. 5. Noting inclusion. 6. Noting the
passing of a thing from one form or state to another.
IN-TOL'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. from L. intolerabilis.] 1. Not
to be borne ; that cannot be endured. 2. Insufferable.
rN-TOL'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being not
tolerable or sufferable.
W-TOL'ER-A-BLY, adv. To a degree beyond endurance.
rN-TOL'ER-ANCE, n. Want of toleration ; tlie not en-
during at all, or not suffering to exist without persecution.
?N-TOL'ER-ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Not enduring ; not able to
endure. 2. Not enduring difference of opinion or wor-
ship ; refusing to tolerate others.
8N-TOL'ER-ANT, n. One who does not favor toleration.
.N-TOL'ER-A-TED, a. Not endured ; not tolerated.
4N-TOL-ER-A'TION, n. Intolerance 5 refusal to tolerate
others in their opinions or worship.
jN-ToMB', (in-toom') v. t. To deposit in a tomb ; to bury.
lN-Tc)MB'ED, (in-toomd') np. Deposited in a tomb ; buried.
kN-ToMB'ING, (in-tooin'ing) ppr. Depositing in a tomb.
IN'TO-NATE, V. i. [L. intunatiis.'] 1. To sound ; to sound
the notes of the musical scale. 2. To thunder.
IN-TO-Na'TION, n. 1. In music^ the action of sounding the
notes of the scale with the voice, or any other given order
of musical tones. 2. The manner of sounding or tuning
the notes of a musical scale. — 3. In speaking, the modula-
tion of the voice in expression.
IN-ToNE', V. i. [L. intono.] To utter a sound, or a deep
protracted souna. Pope.
IN-TOR'SION, n. [L. intorsum.] A winding, bending or
twisting. — In botany, the bending or twining of any part
of a plant.
W'TORT',v.t. [L. intortus.] To twist; to wreath ; to
wind ; to wring. Pope.
IN-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted ; made winding. Pope.
IN-TORT'ING, ]}pr. Winding; twisting.
IN-TOX'I-€ATE, v. t. [in and jL. tozicum.] 1. To inebri-
ate ; to make drunk ; as with spirituous liquor. 2. To
excite the spirits to a kind of delirium ; to elate to enthu-
siasm, frenzy or madness.
IN-TOX'I-€ATE a. Inebriated. More.
IN-TOXI-€A-TED,p,'7. Inebriated; made drunk; excited
to frenzy.
IN-TOX'I-€A-TING, ]?pr. 1. Inebriating; elating to excess
or frenzy. 2. a. Having qualities that produce inebriation.
IN-TOX'I-€A-TION, n. Inebriation ; ebriety ; drunken-
ness ; the act of making drunk. South.
1N-TRA€T'A-BLE, a. [L. intractabiUs.] 1. Not to be gov-
erned or managed ; violent ; stubborn ; obstinate ; refrac-
tory. 2. Not to be taught ; indocile.
IN-TRA€T'A-BLE-NESS, ) n. 1. The quality of being
IN-TRA€T-A-BIL'I-TY, ) ungovernable; obstinacy;
perverseness. 2. Indocility.
IN- TRACT' A-BLY, adv. In a perverse, stubborn manner.
IN-TRA-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. intra and /oZmm.] In
botAiny, growing on the inside of a leaf.
IN-TRaNCE'. See Entrance.
IN-TRAN-aUIL'LI-TY, n. Unquietness ; want of rest.
IN-TRAN'SIENT, a. Not transient ; not passing suddenly
away. Killinffbeck.
IN-TRANS'I-TlVE, a. [L. intransitivus.] In grammar, an
intransitive verb is one which expresses an action or state
that is limited to the agent, or, in other words, an action
that does not pass over to, or operate upon, an object.
IN-TRANS'f-TiVE-LY, adv. Without an object following ;
in the manner of an intransitive verb.
IN-TRANS-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That cannot be transmitted.
J. P. Smith
IN-TRANS-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being
transmutable. Ray.
IN-TRANS-MtJ'TA-BLE, a. That cannot be transmuted
or changed into another substance. Ray,
IN'TRANT, a. [L, intrans.j Entering ; penetrating.
IN-TREAS'URE, (in-trezh ur) v. t. To lay up as in a treas-
ury. [Little used.] Shak
IN-TReAT'FLiL, a. See Entreatful.
IN-TRENCH'i" V. t. [in, and Fr. trancher.] 1. To dig or
cut a trench around a place, as in fortification ; to fortify
with a ditch and parapet. 2. To furrow; to make
hollows in. — To intrench on, literalhy, to invade; to en-
croach.
IN-TRENCH', V. t. [Fr. in and trancher.] To invade ; to
encroach.
t IN-TRENCH' ANT, a. Not to be divided or wounded ; in-
divisible. Shak.
IN-TRENCH'ED, (in-trenehf) pp. Fortified with a ditch
and parapet.
IN-TRENCH'ING,;)j)r. Fortifying with a trench and par-
apet.
IN-TRENCH'MENT, n. A trench ; a ditch and parapet.
IN-TREP'ID, a. [L. intrepidus.] Fearless ; bold ; brave
undaunted.
IN-TRE-PID'I-TY, n. [Fr. intrepidite.] Fearlessness,
fearless bravery in danger ; undaunted courage.
IN-TREP'ID-LY, adv. Without trembling or shrinking
from danger ; fearlessly ; daringly ; resolutely.
t IN'TRI-€A-BLE, a. Entangling. Shelton.
IN'TRI-€A-CY, 71. The state of being entangled ; perplex-
ity ; involution ; complication, .dddison.
IN'TRI-€ATE, a- [L. mtricatus.] Entangled ; involved ;
perplexed ; complicated ; obscure.
IN'TRI-€ATE, v. t. To perplex ; to make obscure. [L. u.]
IN'TRI-€ATE-LY, adv. With involution or iiifoldings ;
with perplexity or intricacy. Wotton.
IN'TRI-eATE-NESS, n. The state of being involved ; in-
volution ; complication ; perplexity. Sidney.
t IN-TRI-€a'TION, n. Entanglement.
IN-TRiGUE', (in-treeg') n. [Fr. ; It. intrigo.] 1. A plot
or scheme of a complicated nature, intended to effect
some purpose by secret artifices ; usually applied to affairs
of love or government. 2. The plot of a play or romance
3. Intricacy ; complication ; [obs.] Hale.
IN-TRIGUE', (in-treeg') v. i. To form a plot or scheme,
usually complicated, and intended to effect some purpose
by secret artifices.
t IN-TRIGUE', (in-treeg') v. t. To perplex or render intri-
cate.
IN-TRiGU'ER, (in-treeg'er) n. One who intrigues ; one
who forms plots, or pursues an object by secret artifices.
IN-TRIGU'ING (in-treeg'ing) ppr. 1. Forming secret plots
or schemes. 2. a. Addicted to intrigue ; given to secret
machinations.
IN-TRIGU'ING-LY, (in-treeg'ing-ly) adv. With intrigue ;
with artifice or secret machinations.
t IN-TRIN'SE-€ATE, a. Entangled ; perplexed.
IN-TRIN'SI€, } a. [Ft. intrinseque ; 1,. hitrinsecus.] 1.
IN-TRIN'SI-eAL, \ Inward ; internal ; hence, true ;
genuine ; real ; essential ; inherent ; not apparent or acci-
dental. 2. Intimate ; closely familiar ; [obs.] Wotton.
IN-TRIN'SI-€AL-LY, adv. Internally ; in its nature ; real-
ly ; truly. South.
IN-TRO-DtJCE', V. t. [L. introduco.] 1. To lead or bring
in ; to conduct or usher into a place. 2. To conduct and
make known ; to bring to be acquainted. 3. To bring
something new into notice or practice. 4. To bring in ;
to import. 5. To produce ; to cause to exist. 6. To be-
gin to open to noiice. 7. To bring before the public by
writing or discourse.
IN-TRO-DtJ'CED, (in-tro-dusf) pp. Led or conducted in ;
brought in ; made acquainted ; imported.
IN-TRO-Du'CER, n. One who introduces ; one who con-
ducts another to a place or person ; one who makes stran-
gers known to each other.
IN-TRO-Du'CING, ppr. Conducting or bringing in ; mak-
ing known, as one stranger to another; bringing any
thing into notice or practice.
IN-TRO-DU€'TION, n. [h. introductio.] 1. The action of
conducting or ushering into a place. 2. The act of bring-
ing into a country. 3. The act of bringing something
into notice, practice or use. 4. The part of a book which
precedes the main work ; a preface or preliminary dis-
course. 5. The first part of an oration or discourse, in
which the speaker gives some general account of his
design and subject.
IN-TRO-DU€'TIVE, a. Serving to introduce ; serving as
the means to bring forward something.
t IN-TRO-DU€'TOR, ?*. An introducer.
IN-TRO-DU€'TO-RY, a. Serving to introduce something
else ; previous ; prefatory ; preliminary.
t IN-TRO-GRES'S.^ON, m. [L. introgressio.] Entrance.
IN-TROIT', n. [Old Fr. introite.] A psalm which, from
its being sung whilst the priest made his entrance within
the rails of the altar, was called introitus or introit
Wheatley.
IN-TRO-MIS'SION, n. [L. intr omissus.] 1. The action of
sending in. — 2. In Scottish law, an intermeddling with the
efTects of another.
IN-TRO-MIT', V. t. [L. intromitto.] To send in ; to let in ;
to admit. 2. To allow to enter ; to be the reedium by
which a thing enters.
IN-TRO-MIT', V. i. To intermeddle with the effects of
another.
♦ See Synopsis A, K, T, O, t!. ^. long.—V^ R. Fy^T^j., WKAI' v-- PREY ;~HN, MARINE. BIRD ;— Obiolae.
INU
465
INV
IN rRO-RE-CEP'TION, n. The act of admitting into or
within.
IN-TRO-SPEGT', v. t. [L. introspicio.] To look into or
within ; to view the inside.
TN-TRO-SPE€'TION, n. A view of the inside or interior.
j IN-TRO-SUME', V. t. [L. intro and sumo.] To sink in.
Evelyn.
IN-TRO-SUS-CEP'TION, or IN-TUS-SUS-CEP'TION, n.
The falling of one part of an intestine into another.
IN-TRO-VE'NI-ENT, a. [L. intro and veniens.] Coming
in or between; entering. [Little used.] Brown.
IN-TRO-VER'SION, n. The act of turning inwards.
JN-TRO-VERT', v. t. [L. intro and verto.] To turn in-
wards. Cowper.
TN-TRtJDE', V. i. [L. intrudo.] 1. To thrust one's self in ;
to come or go in without invitation or welcome. 2. To
encroach ; to enter or force one's self in without permis-
sion. 3. To enter uncalled or uninvited, or without just
right.
IN-TRuDE', V. t. 1. To thrust one's self in, or to enter
into some place without right or welcome. 2. To force
or cast in.
IN-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust in.
IN-TRuD'ER, n. One who intrudes ; one who thrusts him-
self in, or enters where he has no right or is not welcome.
IN-TRuD'ING, ppr. Entering without invitation, right or
welcome.
IN-TRu'SION, TO. [L. intrusio.] 1. The action of thrusting
in, or of entering into a place or state without invitation,
right or welcome. 2, Encroachment ; entrance without
right on the property or possessions of another. 3. Volun-
tary entrance on an undeVtakiug unsuitable for the person.
IN-TRu'SIVE, a. Thrusting in or entering without right
or welcome ; apt to intrude.
IN-TRUST', V. t. To deliver in trust ; to confide to the care
of; to commit to another with confidence in his fidelity.
IN-TRUST'EB, pp. Delivered in trust; committed to the
hands or care of another, in confidence that he will be
faithful in discharging his duty.
IN-TRUST'ING, ppr. Delivering in trust ; confiding to the
care of.
IN-TU-i"TION, n. [L. intuitus.] A looking on ; a sight or
view ; the act by which the mind perceives the agree-
ment or disagreement of two ideas, or the truth of
things, the moment they are presented.
IN-TU'I-TIVE, ffl. [Sp. and It. intuitivo ; Fr. intuitif.] 1.
Perceived by the mind immediately, without the inter-
vention of argument or testimony ; exhibiting truth to the
mind on bare inspection. 2. Received or obtained by in-
tuition or simple inspection. 3. Seeing clearly. 4. Hav-
ing the power of discovering truth without reasoning.
IN-TU'1-TIVE-LY, adv. By immediate perception ; with-
out reasoning.
IN TU-MESCE', (in-tu-mes') v. i. [L. intumesco.] To
swell ; to enlarge or expand with heat.
IN-TU-MES'CENCE, n. 1. The action of swelling. 2. A
swell ; a swelling with bubbles ; a rising and enlarging ;
a tumid state.
tIN-T©'MU-LA-TED, a. [L. intumulatus.] Unburied.
Cockeram.
IN-TUR-6ES'CENCE, n. [L. in and turgesco.] A swell-
ing ; the action of swelling or state of being swelled.
t IN-TuSE', n. [L. intusus.] A bruise. Spenser.
IN-TWTNE', V. t. To twine or twist together ; to wreath.
IN-TWiN'ED, (in-twind') pp. Twisted together.
IN-TWIN'ING, ppr. Wreathing together.
IN-TWIST', V. t. To twist together ; to interweave.
IN-TWIST'ED, pp. Twisted together.
IN-TWIST'ING, ppr. Twisting together.
TN'U-LIN, n. A peculiar vegetable principle extracted
from the inula helenium, or elecampane. Ure.
IN-UM'BRaTE, v. t. [L. inumbro.] To shade.
tIN-UN€'TED, a. Anointed. Cockeram.
TN-UNG'TION, 71. [L. inunctus.] The action of anointing;
unction. Ray.
[N-UN€-TU-0S'I-TY, n. [L. in and unctus.] The want
of unctuosity ; destitution of greasiness or oiliness which
is perceptible to the touch.
IN-UN'DANT, a. [L. inundans.] Overflowing.
IN-UN'DaTE, v. t. [L. inundaius.] 1. To overflow ; to
deluge ; to spread over with a fluid. 2. To fill with an
overflowing abundance or supei-fluity.
IN-UN'DA-TED, pp. Overflowed ; spread over with a fluid ;
copiously supplied
N-UN" ■
over.
ipplie
ING,
IN-UN'DA-TING, ppr. Overflowing ; deluging ; spreading
over.
[N-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. inundatio.] 1. An overflow
of water or other fluid ; a flood ; a rising and spreading
of water over low grounds. 2. An overspreading of any
kind ; an overflowing or superfluous abundance.
t IN-UN-DER-STAND'ING, a. Void of understanding.
[N-UR-BAN'I-TY, n. Incivility; rude, unpolished man-
ners or deportment ; want of courteousness.
IN-URE', v. t. \in and ure.] 1. To habituate ; to accustom ;
to apply or expose in use or practice till use gives little or
no pain or inconvenience, or makes little impression.
IN-URE', V. i. To pass in use ; to take or have effect ; to be
applied ; to serve to the use or benefit of.
IN-UR'ED, (in-yurd') pp. Accustomed ; hardened by use.
JN-URE'MENT, n. Use ; practice ; habit ; custom.
IN-UR'ING, ppr. 1. Habituating ; accustoming. 2. Pass-
ing in use to the benefit of.
IN-URN', V. t. 1. To bury ; to inter ; to entomb. Sliak. 2
To put in an urn.
IN-URN'ED, (in-urnd') pp. Deposited in a tomb.
IN-URN'ING, ppr. Interring; burying.
IN-U-SI-Ta'TION, n. Want of use ; disuse. Foley.
IN-US'TION, n. [L. inustio.] 1. The action of burning
2. A branding ; the action of marking by burning.
t IN-U'TlLE, a. [L= inutilis.] Unprofitable ; useless.
IN-U-TIL'I-TY, n. [L. inutilitas.] Uselessness ; the quality
of being unprofitable ; unprofitableness.
IN-UT'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be uttered.
IN-VaDE', v. t. [L. invado.] 1. To enter a country, as an
army with hostile intentions; to enter as an enemy;
to attack. 2. To attack ; to assail ; to assault. 3. To at-
tack ; to infringe ; to encroach on ; to violate, 4. To go
into; a Latinism; [obs.] Spenser. 5. To fall on ; to at-
tack ; to seize ; as a disetise.
IN-VaD'ED, pp. Entered by an army with a hostile design ,
attacked ; assaulted ; infringed ; violated.
IN-VaD'ER, n. 1. One who enters the territory of another
with a view to war, conquest or plunder. Swift. 2. An
assailant. 3. An encroacher ; an intruder ; one who in-
fringes the rights of another.
IN-VaD'ING, ppr. Entering on the possessions of another
with a view to war, conquest or plunder ; assaulting ; in-
fringing ; attacking.
IN-VA-LES'CENCE, n. [L. invalesco.] Strength ; health.
IN-VAL-E-Tu'DI-NA-RY, a. Wanting health.
IN-VAL'ID, a. [L. invalidus.] 1. Weak ; of no force,
weight or cogency.— 2. In law, having no force, effect or
efiicacy ; void ; null.
*IN'VA-LIU, w. [Ft. invalide ; h. invalidus.] 1. A per-
son who is weak and infirm ; a person sickly or indisposed.
2. A person who is infirm, wounded, maimed, or other-
wise disabled for active service ; a soldier or seaman worn
out in service.
IN-VAL'I-DATE, v. t. [Fr. invalider.] 1. To weaken or
lessen the force of; to destroy the strength or validity of;
to render of no force or effect. 2. To overthrow j to prove
to be of no force.
IN- VAL'I-DA-TED, pp. Rendered invalid or of no force.
IN-VAL'I-DA-TING, ppr. Destroying the force and effect
of.
IN-VA-LID'I-TY, n. [Fr. invalidite.] Weakness ; want
of cogency ; want of legal force or efllcacy.
IN-VAL'ID-NESS, n. Invalidity.
IN-VAL'U-A-BLE, a. Precious above estimation; so val-
uable that its worth cannot be estimated ; inestimable.
IN-VAL'U-A-BLY, adv. Inestimably. Bp. Hall.
IN-Va'RI-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Constant in the same state ;
immutable ; unalterable ; unchangeable ; that does not
vary ; always uniform. *
IN-VA'RI-A-BLE-NESS, n. Constancy of state, condition
or quality ; immutability ; unchangeableness.
IN-Va'RI-A-BLY, adv. Constantly; uniformly; without
alteration or change.
IN-Va'RIED, a. Unvaried ; not changing or altering.
IN-Va'SION, n. [L. invasio.] 1. A hostile entrance into
the possessions of another ; particularly, the entrance of
a hostile army into a country for the purpose of conquest
or plunder, or the attack of a military force. 2 An at-
tack on the rights of another ; infringement or violation.
3. Attack of a disease ; as the invasion of the plague in
Egypt.
IN-Va'SIVE, a. [from invade.] 1. Entering on another's
possessions with hostile designs ; aggressive. 2. Infring-
ing another's rights.
IN-VE€'TI0N, n. Invective, which see.
IN-VE€'TIVE, n. [Fr. invective.] A railing speech or ex-
pression ; something uttered or written, intended to cast
opprobrium, censure or reproach on another ; a harsh or
reproachful accusation. It differs from reproof, as the
latter may come from a friend, and be intended for the
good of the person reproved ; but invective proceeds from
an enemy, and is intended to give pain or to injure.
IN-VE€'TIVE, a. Satirical ; abusive ; railing.
IN-VE€'TIVE-LY, adv. Satirically ; abusively.
IN-VEIGH', (in-va') v. i. [L. inveho.] To exclaim or rail
against ; to utter censorious and bitter language against
any one ; to reproach.
IN-VEIGH'ER, (in-va'er) n. One who rails , a railer.
IN-VEIGH'ING, (in-va'ing) ppr. Exclaiming against ; rail-
ing at ; uttering bitter words.
IN-VeI'-GLE, v. t. [Norm. enveogUr.] To entice ; to seduce ;
to wheedle ; to persuade to something evil by deceptive
arts or flattery.
Jse Synopsis MOVE, BOOK. D6VE ; BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH aa SH j TH M in rtw. f OisolOt
' '30
INV
466
INV
IN-VeI-GLED, pp. Enticed J wheedled; seduced from
duty.
IN-VeI'GLE-MENT, 71. Seduction to evil ; enticement.
IN-VeI'GLER, n. One who entices or draws into any de-
sign_by arts and flattery.
IN-VeI'GLING, ^jjr. Enticing; wheedling; persuading
to any thing bad.
IN-VEILED, (in-vald') a. Covered as with a veil.
IN- VENT', V. t. [Fr. invente?-.] 1. To find out sometMng
new ; to devise something not before known ; to contrive
and produce something that did net before exist. 2. To
forge ; to fabricate ;. to contrive falsely. 3. To feign ; to
frame by the imagination. 4. To light on ; to meet with.
Spenser.
IN-VENT'ED, pp. Found out ; devised ; contrived ; forged ;
fabricated.
IN-VENT'ER. See Inventor.
IN-VENT'FUL, a. Full of invention. Gifford.
IN-VENT'I-BLE, a. Discoverable ; capable of being found
out.
IN-VENT'ING, ppr. Finding out what was before un-
known ; devising or contriving something new ; fabri-
cating.
IN-VEN'TION, 71. [L. inventio.] 1. The action or opera-
tion of finding out something new ; the contrivance of
that which did not before exist. Invention differs from
discovery. Invention is applied to the contrivance and
production of something that did not before exist. Dis-
covery brings to light that which existed before, but which
was not known. We are indebted to invention for the
thermometer and barometer. We are indebted to discovery
for the knowledge of the isles in the Pacific ocean, and
for the knowledge of galvanism. 2. That which is in-
vented. 3. Forgery; fiction. — i. In painting, the huAing
or choice of the objects which are to enter into the com-
position of the piece. — 5. In poetry, it is applied to what-
ever the poet adds to the history of the subject. — 6. In
rhetoric, the finding and selecting of arguments to prove
and illustrate the point in view. 7. Tlie power of invent-
ing ; that skill or ingenuity which is or may be employed
in contriving any thing new. 8. Discovery ; the finding
of things hidden or before unknown ; [less proper. 1 Ray.
IN-VENT'TVE, a. \Yr. inventif.\ Able to invent; quick
at contrivance ; ready at expedients. Dryden.
IN-VENT'OR, n. One who finds out something new ; one
who contrives and produces any thing not before existing ;
a contriver.
IN-VEN-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an inven-
tory.
IN'VEN-TO-RIED, pp. Inserted or registered in an inven-
tory.
IN'VEN-TO-RY, 71. [Sp., It. inventario.] 1. An accoimt,
catalogue or schedule of all the goods and chattels of a
deceased person. 2. A catalogue of movables. 3. A
catalogue or account of particular things.
IN'VEN-TO-RY, v. t. [Fr. inventorier.'] 1. To make an
inventory of ; to make a list, catalogue or schedule of.
2. To insert or register in an account of goods.
IN-VENT'RESS, n. A female that invents.
IN-VERSE', (in-vers') a. [L. inversus.'] Inverted ; recip-
rocal.
IN-VERSE'LY, (in-versly) adv. In an inverted order or
manner; when more produces less, and less produces
more ; or when one thing is gieater or less, in propoition
as another is less or greater.
TN-VER'SION, n. [L. inncrsio.] 1. Change of order, so that
the last becomes first, and the first last ; a turning or change
of the natural order of things. 2. Change of places, so
tlrat each takes the place of the other. 3. A turning back-
wards ; a contrary rule of operation. — 4. In grammar, a
change of the natm^al order of words. — 5. In imisic,
the change of position either of a subject or of a
chord.
IN-VERT', v. t. [L. inveHo.'] 1. To turn into a contrary
direction ; to turn upside down. 2. To place in a con-
trary order or method. — 3. In music, to change the order
of the notes which form a chord, or the parts which
compose harmony. 4. To divert; to turn into another
chann'il ; to embezzle ; [obs.]
IN-VEP T'E-BRAL, a. Destitute of a vertebral column.
IN-VERT'E-BRA-TED, a. Destitute of a back bone or ver-
tebral chain. Good,
IN-VERTED, pp. Turned to a contrary direction ; turned
upside down ; changed in order.
IN-VERT'ED-LY, adv. In a contrary or reversed order.
IN-VERT'ENT, n. A medicine intended to invert the nat-
ural order of the successive irritative motions.
IN-VERT'ING, ppr. Turning in a contrary direction;
changing the order.
IN-VEST', V. t. [Fr. investir ; L. investio.'] 1. To clothe ;
to dress ; to put garments on ; to array. 2. To clothe with
office or authority ; to place in possession of an office,
rank or dignity. 3. To adorn ; to grace. 4. To clothe ;
toeurround. 5. To confer ; to give ; p. m.] 6. To inclose;
to surround ; to block up ; to lay siege to. 7. To clothe
money in something permanent or less fleeting.
IN-V£ST'ED, pp. Clothed ; dressed ; adorned ; inclosed.
IN-VEST'IENT, a. Covering ; clothmg. Woodward.
IN-VEST'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be investigated or
searched out ; discoverable by rational search or disquisi-
tion.
IN-VESTT-GATE, v. t. [L. invesUgo.] To search into ;
to inquire and examine mto with care and accuracy ; to
find out by careful disquisition.
IN-VEST'I-GA-TED, pp. Searched into ; examined with
care.
IN-VEST'I-GA-TING, ppr. Searching into ; inquiring into
with care.
IN-VES-TI-Ga'TION, 71. [L. investigatio.] The action or
process of searching minutely for truth, facts or prin-
ciples ; a careful inquiry to find out what is unknown.
IN-VEST'I-GA-TlVE, a. Curious and dehberate in re-
searches. Pegge.
IN-VEST I-GA-TOR, n. One who searches diligently into
a subject.
IN-VEST'I-TURE, n. [Fr.] I. The action of giving pos
session, or livery of seizin. 2. The right of giving pos
session of any manor, office or benefice. Raleigh.
IN-VEST'IVE, a. Clothing ; encircling.
IN-VEST'MENT, n. 1. The action of investmg. 2.
Clothes ; dress ; garment ; habit. Shak. 3. The act of
suiTounding, blocking up or besieging by an armed force.
4. The laying out of money in the purchase of some spe-
cies of property.
IN-VET'ER-A-CY, n. [L. inveteratio.] Long continuance,
or the firmness or deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or
state acquired by time.
IN-VET'ER-ATE, a. [L. inveteratus.] 1. Old ; long-estab-
lished. 2. Deep-rooted ; firmly established by long con-
tinuance ; obstinate. 3. Having fixed habits by long con-
tinuance. 4. Violent ; deep-rooted ; obstinate.
IN-VET'ER^ATE, v. t. [L. invetcro.] To fix and settle by
long continuance. [Little used.] Bacon.
IN-VET'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With obstinacy ; violently,
IN-VET'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Obstinacy confirmed by time ,
inveteracy. Locke.
IN-VET-ER-A'TION, n. The act of hardening or confirm-
ing by long continuance.
*IN-VID'I-OUS, a. [L. invidiosus.] 1. Envious; malig-
nant. 2. Likely to incur ill-will or hatred, or to provoke
envy ; hateful.
*IN-VID'I-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Enviously ; malignantly. 2. In
a manner likely to provoke hatred.
*IN-VID'I-OUS-NESS, 71. The quality of provoking envy
or hatred.
IN-VIG'I-LANCE, n. Want of vigilance ; neglect of watch-
ing.
IN-VIG'OR, V. t. To invigorate ; to animate ; to encour-
age.
IN-VIG'0-RATE, v. t. [It. invigorire.] To give vigor
to ; to strengthen ; to animate ; to give life and energy to.
IN-VIG'0-RA-TED, pp. Strengthened ; animated.
IN-VIG'0-RA-TING, ppr. Giving fresh vigor to : strength-
ening.
IN-VIG-O-Ra'TION, 71. The action of invigorating, or
state of being invigorated.
IN-VIL'LAGED, a. Turned mto a village.
IN-VIN'CI-BLE, a. [Fr. invincible.] 1. Not to be conquer-
ed or subdued ; that cannot be overcome ; unconquera-
ble. 2. Not to be overcome ; insuperable.
IN-VIN'CI-BLE-NESS, or IN-VIN-CI-BIL'I-TY, 7?, The
quality of being unconquerable ; insuperableness.
IN-VIN'CI-BLY, adv. Unconquerably ; insuperably.
IN-Vl'O-LA-BLE, a. [L. inviolabilis.] 1. Not to be pro-
faned ; that ought not to be injured, polluted or treated
with irreverence. 2. Not to be broken. 3. Not to be in-
jured or tarnished. 4. Not susceptible of hurt or wound.
IN-VI'O-LA-BLE-NESS, or IN-VI-0-LA-BIL'I-TY, 71.
1. The quality or state of being inviolable. 2. The qual-
ity of not being subject to be broken.
IN-Vl'O-LA-BLY, adv. Without profanation ; without
breach or failure.
IN-Vi'0-LATE, a. [L. inviolatus.] Unhurt; uninjured 5
unprofaned ; unpolluted ; unbroken.
IN-Vl'0-LA-TED, a. Unprofaned; unbroken ; unviola -
ted.
IN'VI-OUS, a. [L. inviiLs.] Impassable ; untrodden.
IN'VI-OUS-NESS, 7!. State of being impassable. Ward.
IN-VI-RIL'I-TY, n. Absence of manhood. Prynne.
IN-VISC'ATE, V. t. [L. in and viscus.] 1. To lime ; to
daub with glue. 2. To catch with glue or birdlime,
[Little used.]
IN-VIS'CER-ATE, v. t. To breed ; to nourish. [j1 bad
word.]
IN-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, or IN-VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. The
state of being invisible ; imperceptibleness to the sight,
IN-VIS'I-BLE, a. [L, invisibilis.'] That cannot be seen ,
imperceptible by the sight.
* See Synopsis, A, E, I O, tj, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
INV
467
IRK
IN-VIS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner to escape the sight ; im-
perceptibly to the eye. Denham
[N-VIS'lOr*-, 71. Want of vision, or the power of seeing.
IN-VI-Ta'TION, n. fL. invitatio.'] The act of inviting ;
solicitation.
IN-Vl'TA-TO-RY, a. Using or containing invitations.
IN-Vl'TA-TO-RY, n. A part of the service in the Catholic
chiirch 3 a psalm or anthem sung in the morning.
IN-VlTE', V. t. [L. invito.'] 1. To ask to do some act or
to go to some place ; to request the company of a person.
2. To allure ; to draw to ; to tempt to come ; lo induce
by pleasure or hope. 3 To present temptations or allure-
ments to.
IN-VlTE', V. i. To ask or call to any thing pleasing. Milton.
IN-VlT'ED, pp. Solicited j requested to come or go in per-
son ; allured.
t IN-VlTE'MENT, n. Act of inviting; invitation. B. Jon-
son._
IN-VlT'ER, n. One who invites. Pope.
IN-VlT'ING, ppr. 1. Soliciting the company of; asking
to attend. 2. a. Alluring; tempting; drawing to.
IN-VlT'ING, n. Invitation. Sliak.
IN-VlT'ING-LY, adv. In such a manner as to invite or al-
lure.
IN-VlT'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being inviting.
IN-VIT'RI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That cannot be vitrified or con-
verted into glass. Kirwan.
IN'VO-€ATE, V. t. [L. invoco.] To invoke ; to call on in
supplication ; to implore ; to address in prayer.
IN'VO-€A-TED,;>p. Invoked ; called on in prayer.
IN'VO-€A-TING, ppr. Invoking.
IN-VO-€a'TION, n. [L. invocatio.] 1. The act of ad-
dressing in prayer. 2. The form or act of calling for the
assistance or presence of any being, particularly of some
divinity. 3. A judicial call, demand or order. Wheaton's
Rep.
IN'VOICE, n. [Fr. envoi.] 1. In commerce, a written ac-
count of the particulars of merchandise, shipped or sent
to a purchaser, consignee, factor, <fcc., with the value or
prices and charges annexed. 2. A written account of
ratable estate. Laics of J^Tew Hampshire.
IN'VOICE, V. t. To make a written account of goods or
property with their prices.
IN'VOICED, pp. Inserted in a list with the price or value
annexed. RoUnson.
IN'VOIC-ING, ppr. Making an account in writing of goods,
with their prices or values annexed ; inserting in an in-
voice.
IN-VoKE', V. t. [L. invoco.] 1. To address in prayer; to
call on for assistance and protection. 2. To order ; to call
judicially. Wirt.
IN-VoK'ED, (in-vokf) pp. Addressed in prayer for aid ;
called.
IN-VoK'ING, ppr. Addressing in prayer for aid ; calling.
IN-VOL'U-CEL, 71. [dim. of involucre.] A partial involu-
cre ; anjnvolucret. Eaton.
IN-VO-LU CEL-LATE, a. Surrounded with involucels.
IN-VO-Lu'€RUM, ) n. [L. from involvo.] In botaiuj, a
IN-VO-Lu'€RE, \ calyx remote from the flower.
IN-VO-LU'€RED, a. Having an involucre, as umbels.
IJV-VO-LU'CRET, n. A small or partial involucrum.
IN-VOL'UN-TA-RI-LY, adv. 1. Not by choice; not spon-
taneously ; against one's will. 2. In a manner independ-
ent of the will.
IN-VOL'UN-TA-RI-NESS, 71. 1. Want of choice or will.
Bp. Hall. 2. Independence on the will.
IN-VOL'UN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. involontaire.] 1. Not hav-
ing will or choice ; unwilling. 2. Independent of will or
choice. 3. Not proceeding from choice ; not done will-
ingly ; opposed to the will.
IN'VO-LUTE, n. [L. involutiis.] A curve traced by the
end of a string folded upon a figure, or unwound from it.
IN'VO-LUTE, I a. [L. involutiis.] In botany, rolled spi-
[N'VO-LU-TED, \ rally inwards.
[N-VO-LtJ'TION, 71. [Fr.: L. involutio.] 1. The action
of involving or infolding. 2. The state of being entan-
gled or involved ; complic;ation. — 3. In grammar, the in-
sertion of one or more clauses or members of a sentence
between the agent or subject and the verb.— 4. In alge-
bra, the raisLHg of a quantity from its root to any power
assigned.
IN-VOLVE', (in-volv') v. t. [L. involvo.] 1. To envelop ;
to cover with surrounding matter. 2. To envelop in
any thing which exists on all sides. 3. To imply; to
comprise. 4. To intwist ; to join ; to connect. 5. To
take in; to catch; to conjoin. 6. To entangle. 7. To
plunge ; to overwhelm. 8. To inwrap ; to infold ; to
complicate or make intricate. 9. To blend; to mingle
confusedly. — 10. In algebra, to raise a quantity from the
root to any assigned power.
IN-VOLV'ED, (in-volvd') pp. Enveloped ; implied ; in-
wrapped ; entangled.
FN-VOLV'ING, ppr. Enveloping; implying; comprising;
entangling ; complicating.
N, ; 71. [Gr. juJ^jf.] In chemistry, a peculiar sub-
NE, \ stance obtamed from certain sea-weeds or
IN-VUL-NER-A-BIL'I-TY, or IN-VUL'NER-A-BLE
NESS, n. The quality of being invulnerable.
IN-VUL'NER-A-BLE, a. [L. invulneraUlis.] That cannot
1 e wounded ; incapable of receiving injury.
IN WALL', V. t. To inclose or fortify with a wall.
IN'WARD, a. [Sax. inweard ] 1. Internal ; interior ; placed
or being within. 2. Intimate; domestic; familiar. 3.
Seated in the mind or soul. Shak.
IN'WARD, or IN' WARDS, adv. 1. Toward the inside ; as,
turn the attention inward. 2. Toward the centre or in-
terior. 3. Into the mind or thoughts.
IN'WARD-LY, adv. 1. In the inner parts ; internally. 2.
In the heart ; privately ; secretly. 3. Towards the cen
tre.
tIN'WARD-NESS,7i. 1. Intimacy; familiarity. Shak. 2
Internal state ; [unusual.]
IN'WARDS, 71. plu. The mner parts of an animal ; the
bowels ; the viscera. Milton.
IN-WeAVE', v. t. ; pret. inwove ; pp. inwoven, inwove
To weave together ; to intermix or intertwine by weav
ing.
IN-WHEEL', v. t. [in and wheel.] To encircle. Beau
mont.
flN'WIT, 71. [insjaAwit.] Mind ; understanding.
IN-WOOD', V. t. To hide in woods. Sidney.
IN-W6RK'ING, ppr. or a. Working within.
IN-W6RK'ING, n. Internal operation ; energy within.
IN-W§V'EN I PP' Wt'ven in ; intertwined by weaving
IN-WRAP', (ii>-rap') v. t. I. To involve ; to infold ; tc
cover by wrapping. 2. To involve in difficulty or per
plexity ; to perplex. 3. To ravish or transport.
IN-WREx\THE', (in-reeth') v. t. To surround or encom-
pass as with a wreath, or with something in the form of a
wreath.
IN-WROUGHT', (in-rawf) pp. or a. Wrought or woiked
_ in or among other things ; adorned with figures.
I'O-DATE, 71. A compound consisting of oxygen, iodinand
a base. Henry.
I'0-DI€, a. Iodic acid is a compound of iodin and oxygen.
I'O-DIDE, 71. A compound of iodin with a metal or other
substance.
I'O-DIN,
I'O-DIN]
marine plants.
I'O-DOUS, a. lodous acid is a compound of iodin and oxy-
gen, containmg less of the latter than iodic acid.
I-OD'U-RET, n. A compound of iodin and a base.
I'O-LITE, 72. [Gr. lov and XiOo;.] A mineral.
I-ON'I€, a. 1. The Ionic order, in architecture, is that spe-
cies of column named from Ionia. It is more slender
than the Doric and Tuscan. Encyc.—2. The Ionic dialect
of the Greek language is tlie dialect used in Ionia.— 3.
The Ionic sect of philosophers was that founded by Thales
of Miletus, in Ionia. 4. Denoting an airy kind of music
I-O'TA, 71. A tittle. Barroio.
IP-E-€AC-U-AN'HA, n. A root produced in South Ameri •
ca, much used as an emetic.
I-RAS-CI-BIL'I-TY, or I-RAS'CI-BLE-NESS, 7?. The qual-
ity of being irascible, or easily inflamed by anger; irrita-
bility of temper.
I-RAS'CI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Very susceptible of anger ; easily
_ provoked or inflamed with resentment ; irritable.
iRE, 71. [Fr.; L. ira.] Anger ; wrath ; keen resentment.
IRE'FUL, a. i^ngry ; wroth; furious With anger.
IRE'FUL-LY, adv. In an angry manner.
I'RE-NAR€H, n. [Gr. ejpjyvap^;??.] An officer formerly
employed in the Greek empire, to preserve the public
tranquiliitv.
I-REN'I-CAL, a. Pacific; desirous of peace.
I-RI-DES'CENCE, n. Exhibition of colors like those of the
rainbow.
I-RI-DES'CENT, a. Having colors like the rainbow.
I-RID'I-UM, 71. [from iris.] A metal of a whitish color.
I'RIS, 71.; pZw. Irises. [Tu.iris.] 1. The rainbow. 2. An
appearance resembling the rainbow. 3. The colored cir-
cle which surrounds the pupil of the eye. 4. The change-
able colors which sometimes appear in the glasses of tele-
scopes, microscopes, &c. 5. A colored spectrum which a
triangular glass prism casts on a wall, when placed at a
due angle in the sun-beams. 6. The flower-de-lis, or
flag-flower, a genus of many species.
I'RI-SA-TED, a. Exhibiting the prismatic colors; resem-
bling the rainbow. Phillips.
I'RISED, a. Containing colors like those of the rainbow.
I'RISH, a. Pertaining to Ireland.
I'RISH, n. 1. A native of Ireland. 2. The language of
the Irish ; the Hiberno-Celtic.
I'RISH-ISM, 71. A mode of speaking peculiar to the
_ Irish.
I'RISH-RY, n. The people of Ireland. Bryskett.
IRK, v. t. [Scot, irk.] To weary ; to give pain to ; used
only impersonally. Shak. [ObsolesccTa.]
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH aa SH j TH aa in tAw. f Obsolete
IRR
468
IRR
1RK'S6ME, a. Wearisome ; tedious ; tiresome ; giving un-
easiness. Addison.
IRK'SoME-LY, adv. In a wearisome or tedious manner.
iRK'SoME-NESS, n. Tediousness ; wearisomeness.
IR'ON, (I'urn, or i'rn) n. [Sax. tVere; Scot, irne, yrn, or
aim ; Isl. iam ; Dan. iern.] 1. A metal, the hardest,
most common and most useful of all the metals ; of a livid
whitish color inclined to gray, internally composed, to
appearance, of smsdl facets, and susceptible of a fine pol-
ish. 2. An instrument or utensil made of iron.— 3. Fig-
uratively, strength ; power. Dan. ii. 4. Irons, plu., fet-
ters ; chains ; manacles ; handcufis. Ps. cv.
IR'ON, (I'urn) a. 1. Made of iron; consisting of iron. 2.
Resembling iron in color. 3. Harsh ; rude ; severe ; mis-
erable. 4. Binding fast ; not to be broken. 5. Hard of
understanding ; dull. 6. Firm ; robust.
IR'ON, (I'urn) v. t. 1. To smooth with an instrument of
iron. 2. To shackle with irons ; to fetter or handcuff. 3.
To furnish or arm witli iron.
1R'0N-€LAY, (i'um-kla) n. A substance intermediate
between basalt and wacky, of a reddish-brown color, and
occurring massive or vesicular.
IR'ONED, (I'urnd) pp. Smoothed with an iron ; shackled ;
armed with iron.
IR'ON-FLINT, 71. Ferruginous quartz.
iR'ON-HEaRT'ED, a. Hardhearted ; unfeeling ; cruel.
iR'ON-MoLD, n. A spot on cloth made by applying rusty
iron to the cloth when wet.
IR'0N-M6N-GER, n. A dealer in iron wares or hardware.
IR'ON-SI€K, a. In seamen's language, a ship is said to be
ironsick, when her bolts and nails are so much corroded,
or eaten with rust that she has become leaky.
TR'ON-STONE, n. An ore of iron.
IR'ON- WOOD, n. The popular name of a genus of trees
called si'deroxylon, of several species.
IR'ON -Work, n. A general name of the parts or pieces
of a building which consist of iron; any thing made of
iron.
IR'ON-WORKS, n. plu. The works or establishment where
pig-iron is wrought into bars, &c.
IR'ON-WoRT, n. A genus of plants called sideritis, of
several species.
T-RON'I€, a. Ironical. B. Jonson.
I-RON'I-€AL, a. [Fr. ironique.] Expressing one thing and
meaning another.
I-RON'I-€AL-LY, adv. By way of irony ; by the use of
irony.
I'RON-IST, n. One who deals in irony. Pope.
IR'ON-Y, (I'urn-y) a. 1. Made or consisting of iron ; par-
taking of iron. 2. Resembling iron ; hard.
I'RON-Y, n. [Fr. ironie ; L. ironia.] A mode of speech ex-
pressing a sense contrary to that which the speaker in-
tends to convey.
•fl'ROUS, a. [from ire.] Apt to be angry. Chaucer.
IR-Ra'DI-ANCE, In. [L. irradians.] 1. Emission of rays
IR-Rl'DI-AN-CY, ) of light on an object. 2, Beams of
light emitted ; lustre ; splendor.
IR-RA'DI-ATE, v. I. [L. irradio.] 1. To illuminate ; to
brighten ; to make splendid ; to adorn with lustre. 2. To
enlighten intellectually ; to illuminate. 3. To animate
by heat or light. 4. To decorate with shining orna-
ments.
IR-Ra'DI-ATE, v. i. To emit rays ; to shine.
IR-Ra'DI-ATE, a. Adorned with shining ornaments.
IR-Ra'DI-A-TED, pp. Illuminated ; enlightened ; made
luminous or bright ; decorated with rays of light or with
something shining.
IR-Ra'DI-A-TING, ppr. Illuminating; decorating with
beams of light.
IR-RA-DI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of emitting beams of
light. 2. Illumination ; brightness. 3. Intellectual light.
4. The act of emitting minute particles or effluvia from
some substance.
*IR-Ra'TION-AL, a. [L. irrationalis.] I. Not rational;
voidof reason or understanding. 2. NotaccorJujj othe
dictates of reason ; contrary to reason ; absurd.
* IR-RA-TION-AL'I-TY, 7i. Want of reason or the powers
of understanding.
* IR-RA'TION-AL-LY, adv. Without reason ; in a manner
contrary to reason ; absurdly.
IR-RE-€LaIM'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reclaimed ; that
cannot be recalled from error or vice; that cannot be
brought to reform. 2. That cannot be tamed.
IR-RE-OLaIM'A-BLY, adv. So as not to admit of reforma-
tion.
TR-RE€ ON-ClL'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be recalled to amity,
or a state of friendship and kindness ; retaining enmity
that cannot be appeased or subdued. 2. That cannot be
appeased or subdued. 3. That cannot be made to agree
or be consistent ; incongruous ; incompatible.
IR-RE€-ON-ClL'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being
irreconcilable; incongruity; incompatibility.
IR-RE€-ON-CiL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner that precludes
reconciliation.
IR-REe'ON-CILE, v. t. To prevent from being recon-
ciled.
IR-RE€-0N-CIL'ED, (ir-rek-on-slld') a. {in and reconcil-
ed.] 1. Not reconciled. 2. Not atoned for. Shak.
IR-RE€-ON-ClLE'MENT, ». Want of reconciliation ; dis-
agreement.
IR-RE€-ON-CIL-I-A'TION, n. Want of reconciliation.
IR-RE-€ORD'A-BLE, a. Not to be recorded. Cockeram.
IR-RE-€oV'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be recovered or re-
paired. 2. That cannot be regained. Rogers. 3. That
cannot be obtained by demand or suit. 4. Not to be rem-
edied.
IR-RE-€6V'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being irre
coverable. Donne.
IR-RE-€6V'ER-A-BLY, adv. 1. Beyond recovery ; be-
yond the possibility of being regained, repaired or reme-
died. 2. Beyond the possibility of being reclaimed.
t IR-RE-€U'PER-A-BLE, a. Irrecoverable.
t IR-RE-€U'PER-A-BLY, adv. Irrecoverably.
t IR-RE-€uR'ED, (ir-re-kurd') a. [in and recured.1 Not to
be cured.
IR-RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be redeemed.
2. Not subject to be paid at the pleasure of government.
IR-RE-DEEM'A-BLE-NESS, or IR-RE-DEEM-A-BIL'I-
TY, 7i._The quality of being not redeemable.
IR-RE-Du'Ct-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reduced ; that cannot
be brought back to a former state. 2. That cannot be re-
duced or changed to a different state.
IR-RE-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being irredu-
cible.
*IR-RE-FRa'GA-BLE, or IR-REF'RA-GA-BLE, a. That
cannot be refuted or overthrown ; incontestable ; undeni-
able.
* IR-RE-FRa'GA-BLE-NESS, or IR-RE-FRA-GA-BIL'I-
TY, n. The quality of being irrefragable or incapable of
refutation.
* IR-RE-FRa'GA-BLY, adv. With force or strength thai
cannot be overthrown ; with certainty beyond refuta-
tion.
*IR-RE-FuT'A-BLE, a. [Low L. irrefutabilis.] That can-
not be refuted or disproved. Bp. Hall.
* IR-RE-FUT'A-BLY, arfv. Beyond the possibility of refuta-
tion.
IR-RE-6EN'ER-A-CY, n. Unregeneracy. J. M. Mason.
IR-REG'U-LAR, a. [Fr. irrcgulier ; L. irregularis.'] I.
Not regular ; not according to common form or rules. 2.
Not according to established principles or customs; devi-
ating from usage. 3. Not conformable to nature or the
usual operation of natural laws. 4. Not according to the
rules of art ; immethodical. 5. Not in conformity to laws,
human or divine ; deviating from the rules of moral recti-
tude ; vicious. 6. Not straight. 7. Not uniform. — 8. In
grammar, an irregular noun or verb is one which devi-
ates from the common rules in its inflections.
IR-REG'U-LAR, n. A soldier not in regular service.
IR-REG-U-LAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. irregularite.] 1. Deviation
from a straight line or from any common or established
rule ; deviation from method or order. 2. Deviation from
law, human or divine, or from moral rectitude ; inordinate
practice; vice.
IR-REG'U-LAR-LY, adv. Without rule, method or order.
t IR-REG'U-LATE, v. t. To make irregular ; to disorder.
IR-REL'A-TiVE, a. Not relative ; unconnected.— /rreZa-
tive chords, in music, have no common sound.
IR-REL'A-TlVE-LY, adv. Unconnectedly. Boyle.
IR-REL'E-VAN-CY, n. Inapplicability ; the quality of not
being applicable, or of not serving to aid and support.
IR-REL'E-VANT, a. [in, and Fr. relever.] Not relevant ;
not applicable or pertinent ; not serving to support.
IR-REL'E^VANT-LY, adv. Without being to the purpose.
IR-RE-LIeV'A-BLE, a. Not admitting relief. Hargrave.
IR-RE-Ll6'ION, (ir-re-lid'jun) n. [Fr. ; in and religion.]
Want of religion, or contempt of it ; impiety. Dryden.
IR-RE-LIG'ION-IST, n. One who is destitute of religious
principles; a despiser of religion. JVott.
IR-RE-LIG'IOUS, (ir-re-lid'jus) a. [Fr. irreligieux.] 1
Destitute of religious principles ; contemning religion ,
impious ; ungodly. 2. Contrary to religion ; profane ;
impious ; wicked.
IR-RE-LIG'IOUS-LY, adv. With impiety ; wickedly.
IR-RE-LIC'IOUS-NESS, n Want of religious principles or
practices ; ungodliness.
IR-Re'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. irremeabilis.] Admitting no re-
turn. Dryden.
IR-RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be remedied ■
that cannot be cured. 2. Not to be corrected or redressed
IR-RE-Me'DI-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being irremediable
IR-RE-ME'DI-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that
precludes remedy, cure or correction. Bp. Taylor.
IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not to be pardoned ; that
cannot be forgiven or remitted. JVhiston.
IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being unpar-
donable. Hammond.
IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLY, adv. So as not to be pardoned.
* See SpiopaiS. A, g, 1, 6, U, T, long.~FAR , F^LL^ WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete.
IRR
IR-RE-MOV A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being
irremovable, or not removable from office.
IR-RE-MOV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be moved, removed,
or changed. Shak.
IR-RE-Mu'NER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be rewarded.
IR-RE-NOWN'ED, (ir-re-nownd') a. Not venowned ; not
celebrated.
IR-REP-A-R A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being
iiTcparable, or beyond repair or recovery.
IR-REP'A-RA-BLE, a. [L. irreparabilis.] 1. That cannot
be repaired or mended. 2. That cannot be recovered or
regained.
IR-REP'A-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that pre-
cludes recovery or repair.
IR-RE-PEAL-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being irre-
pealable.
IR-RE-PeAL'A-BLE, a. That cannot be repealed.
IR-RE-PeAL'A-BLE-NESS, n. Irrepealability.
IR-RE-P,EAIi'A-BLY, atZ«. Beyond the power of repeal.
IR-RE-PENT'ANCE, n. Want of repentance.
IR-RE-PLEV'I-A-BLE, a. That cannot be replevied,
IR-RE-PLEV'I-SA-BLE, a. That cannot be replevied.
IR-REP-RE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not reprehensible ; not to be
blamed or censured ; free from fault.
JR-REP-RE-HENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being
irreprehensible.
IR-REP-RE-HENS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to incur
blame J without blame. S/terwooi.
IR-REP-RE-SENT'A-BLE, a. Not to be represented ; that
cannot be figured or represented by any image.
IR-RE-PRESS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be repressed.
IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be justly re-
proached ; free from blame ; upright ; innocent.
IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of
being not reproachable.
IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to deserve
reproach ; blamelessly.
IR-RE-PR(5V'A-BLE, a. That cannot be justly reproved j
blameless; upright.
IR-RE-PROV'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be liable to reproof
or blame. JVeever
IR-REP-Tl"TIOUS, a. Encroaching ; privately intro-
duced.
IR-RE-SIST'ANCE, n. Forbearance to resist ; non-resist-
ance ; passive submission. Paley.
IR-RE-SIST-I-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The quality of being irre-
IR-RE-SIST'I-BLE-NESS, \ sistible ; power or force be-
yond resistance or opposition.
IR-RE-SIST'I-BLE, a. [Pr.] That cannot be successfully
resisted or opposed ; superior to opposition.
IR-RE-SIST'I-BLY, adv. With a power that cannot be suc-
cessfully resisted or opposed. Dryden.
IR-RES'0-LU-BLE, a. [L. in and resolvo.] Not to be dis-
solved ; incapable of dissolution. Boyle.
IR-RES'0-LU-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being indisso-
luble ; resistance to separation of parts by heat.
IR-RES'O-LUTE, a. Not firm or constant in purpose ; not
decided ; not determined ; wavering ; given to doubt.
IR-RES'0-LUTE-LY, adv. Without firmness of mind ;
without decision.
IR-RES'0-LUTE-NESS, 71. Want of firm determination or
purpose 5 vacillation of mind.
IR-RES-0-LtJ'TION, n. [Fr.] Want of resolution ; want
of decision in purpose ; a fluctuation of mind,
IR-RE-SOLV'ED-LY, adv. Without settled determination,
[Little used.] Boyle.
IR-RE-SPE€T'IVE, a. Not regarding circumstances.
IR-RE-SPE€T'IVE-LY, adv. Without regard to circum-
stances, or not taking them into consideration.
IR-RES'PI-RA-BLE, a. Unfit for respiration ; not having
the qualities which support animal life,
IR-RE-SPONS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Want of responsibility,
[R-RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. Not responsible ; not liable or
able to answer for consequences ; not answerable,
IR-RE-TEN^TIVE, a. Not retentive or apt to retain,
IR-RE-TRIEV'A-BLE, a. Not to be recovered or repaired ;
irrecoverable ; irreparable.
IR-RE-TRIeV'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being irre-
trievable,
IR-RE-TRIil'V'A-BLY, adv. Irreparably ; irrecoverably ;
in a manner not to be regained. Woodward.
IR-RE-TURN'A-BLE, a. Not to be returned.
IR-REV'ER-ENCE, n. [L. irreverentia.] 1. Want of rever-
ence, or want of veneration ; want of a due regard to the
authority and character of the Supreme Being. Irrever-
ence toward God is analogous to disrespect toward man.
2, The state of being disregarded ; applied to men.
IR-REV'ER-ENT, a. [Fr.] 1. Wanting in reverence and
veneration ; not entertaining or manifesting due regard to
the Supreme Being. 2. Proceeding from irreverence ; ex-'
pressive of a want of veneration. 3. Wanting in respect
to superiors,
IR-REV'ER-ENT-LY, a<fu. 1, In an irreverent manner. 2.
Without due respect to superiors.
ISH
IR-RE-VERS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be reversed ; that can-
not be recalled, repealed or annulled.
IR-RE-VERS'I-BLE-NESS, n. State of being irreversible.
IR-RE-VERS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner which precludes a
reversal or repeal.
IR-REV-O-CA-BIL'I-TY, or IR-REV'0-€A-BLE-NESS, n.
State of being irrevocablei
IR-REV'0-€A-BLE, a. [L. irrevocabilis.] Not to be recall-
ed or revoked ; that cannot be reversed, repealed or an-
nulled,
IR-REV'0-€A-BLY, adv. Beyond recall ; in a manner pre-
cluding repeal.
IR-RE-VoK'A-BLE, a. Not to be recalled ; irrevocable.
t IR-REV'0-LU-BLE, a. That has no revolution. Milton.
IR'RI-GATE, 7). «. [L. irrig-o.] 1, To water; to wet; to
moisten ; to bedew. 2. To water, as land, by causing a
stream to flow upon it and spread over it.
IR'RI-G A-TED, pp. Watered ; moistened.
IR'RI-GA-TING, ^pr. Watering; wetting; moistening
IR-RI-Ga'TION, 7i. 1, The act of watering or moistening.
— 2. In agriculture, the operation of causing water toiiow
over lands for nourishing plants.
IR-KIG'U-OUS, tt, I'L.irriguus.] 1. Watered ; watery ;
moist, Milton, 2. Dewy ; moist. Philips.
IR-RIS'ION, n. [L. irrisio.] The act of laughing at another.
IR-RI-T A-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Susceptibility of excitement ; the
quality of being easily irritated or exasperated. — 2. In
physiology, one of the four faculties of the sensorium, by
which fibrous contractions are caused in consequence of
the irritations excited by external bodies.
IR'RI-TA-BLE, a. 1. Susceptible of excitement, or of heat
and action, as animal bodies. 2. Very susceptible of anger
or passion ; easily inflamed or exasperated, — 3, In physiol-
ogy, susceptible of contraction, in consequence of the ap-
pulse of an external body.
IR'RI-TANT, a. Irritating.
IR'RI-TANT, n. That which excites or irritates. Rush.
IR'RI-TATE, V. t, [L.irriio.] I. To excite heat and redness
in the skin or flesh of living animal bodies, as by friction ;
to inflame ; to fret. 2. To excite anger ; te provoke ; to
tease ; to exasperate. 3. To increase action or violence ;
to heighten excitement in. 4. To cause fibrous contrac-
tions in an extreme part of the sensorium, as by the ap-
pulse of an external body,
t IR'RI-TATE, part. a. Heightened. Bacon.
t IR'RI-TATE, V. t. [Low L. irritare.l To render null and
void.
IR'RI-T A-TED, pp. Excited ; provoked ; caused to contract.
IR'RI-TA-TING, ppr. Exciting ; angering ; provoking ;
causing to contract.
IR-RI-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The operation of exciting heat,
action and redness in the skin or flesh of living animals,
by friction or other means. 2. The excitement of action
in the animal system by the application of food, medicines
and the like. 3. Excitement of anger or passion ; provo-
cation ; exasperation ; anger, — 4. In physiology, an exer-
tion or change of some extreme part of the sensorium re-
siding in the muscles or^ organs of sense, in consequence
of the appulses of external bodies,
IR'RI-TA-TiVE, o. 1, Serving to excite or uritate. 2. Ac-
companied with or produced by increased action or irrita-
tion.
IR'RI-T A-TO-RY, a. Exciting ; stimulating. Hales.
IR-RO-Ra'TION, 71. [L. irroratio.'] The act of bedewing j
the stale of being moistened with dew.
IR-RUP'TION, 7^, [L, imiptio.] 1, A bursting in ; a break-
ing, or sudden, violent rushing into a place. 2. A sudden
invasion or incursion ; a sudden, violent inroad, or en-
trance of invaders into a place or country.
IR-RUP'TIVE, a. Rushing in or upon.
IS, V. i. [Sax, is ; G. ist; D. is ; L. est.J The third per-
son singular of the substantive verb, which is composed of
three or four distinct roots, which appear in the words ajw,
be, are, and is.
IS'A-BEL, n. [Fr. isabelle.] Isabel yellow is a brownish-
yellow, with a shade of brownish-red. Kirwan.
IS-A-G06'I€, ) a. [Gr. Eio-aywytKoj-l Introductory.
IS-A-G06'I-eAL, \ Ore gory.
IS'A-GON, 71. [Gr. laos and ywvia.] A figure whose anglea
are equal.
IS'A-TIS, n. In zoology, the arctic fox or canis lagopus.
IS-€HI-AD'ie, a. [L. ischiadious.] Pertaining to the hip.
— The ischiadic passion is a rheumatic affection of the hip
joint. It is called also sciatica. ^
IS-€HU-RET'I€, a. Having the quality of relieving ischury.
IS-€HU-RET'I€, n. A medicine adapted to relieve ischury.
IS'€HU-RY, 71. [Gr. tff;^ot)pta.] A stoppage or suppression
of urine. Coze.
IS'E-RIN, \ n. [G. eisen.] A mineral of an iron-black
IS''E-RINE, \ color. Ure.
ISH, a termination of English words, is in Sax. isc, Dan. isk,
Gr. isch. Annexed to English adjectives, ish denotes
diminution, or a small degree of the quality ; as, whitish.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK D6 VE j— BULL, UNITE.--€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in <Aw. t Obsolete.
JAB
470
JAC
from white. Isk, annexed to names, forms a possessive
adjeccive ; as in Sicedish, Danish, English. Ish, annex-
ed to common nouns, forms an adjective denoting a parti-
cipation of the qualities expressed by the noun ; as foolish,
from fool.
I'SI-eLE, a pendant shoot of ice, is more generally written
icicle. See Ice and Icicle.
I'SIN-GLASS, 71. [that is, ise or ice-glass.] A substance
consisting chiefly of gelatin, of a firm texture and whitish
color, prepared from the sounds or air bladders of certain
fresh water fishes. It is used as an agglutinant, and in
fining wines.
T'SIN-GL ASS-STONE. See Mica.
[S'LAM-ISM, 71. [from the Ar. salama, to be free, safe or
devoted to God.] The true faith, according to the Mo-
hammedans ; RIohammedanism.
ISL'AND, ) (i'land) n. [Sax. ealond ; D., G. eiland.] 1. A
I'LAND. I tract of land surrounded by water. 2. A
large mass of floating ice is called an island of ice.
KL/AND-ER, (i'land-er) n. An inhabitant of an island.
t ISL AND-Y, a. Full of, or belonging to islands. Cotgrave.
ISLE, ) (He) n. [Fr. isle, or He.] 1. A tract of land, sur-
ILE, j rounded by water, or a detached portion of land,
imbosomed in the ocean, in a lake or river. 2. A passage
in a church.
tS'LET, (I'let) 71. A little island.
[-SO€H'RO-NAL, ) a. [Gr. laog and XPo^^^-] Uniform in
I-SOCH'RO-NOUS, \ time ; of equal time ; performed in
equal times.
IS'0-LATE, V. t. [It. isola.] To place in a detached situa-
tion; to place by itself; to insulate.
IS'0-LA-TED, pp. or a. [Fr. isole.] Standing detached from
others of a like kind ; placed by itself or alone. .
IS'0-LA-TING, ppr. Placing by itself or detached like an isle.
I-SO-MORPH'ISM, 71. [Gr. laos and ixop^n-] The quality of
a substance by which it is capable of replacing another in
a compound, without an alteration of its primitive form.
l-SO-MORPH'OUS, a. Capable of retaining its piimitive
form in a compound. Ed. Rev.
IS'0-NO-MY, n. [Gr. i(xos and voiio;.] Equal law ; equal
distribution of rights and privileges. Mitford.
I-SO-PER-I-MET'RI-€AL, a. Having equal boundaries.
I-SO-PE-RIM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. tcro?, irt^i and ixer^ov.] In
geometry, the science of figures, having equal perimeters
or boundaries.
I-SOS'CE-LES, a. [Gr, taoaKsXris.] Having two legs only
that are equal.
IS'R A-EL-lTE, n. A descendant of Israel or Jacob ; a Jew.
IS-RA-EL-I'TISH i «• Pertaining to Israel. J.P.Smith.
lS-0-THERM'AL, a. [Gr. laos and Oepiia.] Having an
equal degree of heat or a like temperature. Ure.
IS-0-TON'I€, a. [Gr. laos and tovos.] Having equal tones.
IS'SU-A-BLE, (ish'u-a-bl) a. That may be issued. — In law,
an issuable term is one in which issues are made up.
IS'SUE, (ish'u) 71. [Fr. issue.] 1. The act of passing or
flowing out ; a moving out of any inclosed place ; egrt«s.
2. A sending out. 3. Event; consequence; end or ulti-
mate result. 4. Passage out ; outlet. 5. Progeny ; a
child or children ; offspring. 6. Produce of the earth, or
profits of land, tenements or other property.— 7. In sur-
gery, a fontanel ; a little ulcer made in some part of an an-
imal body, to promote discharges. 8. Evacuation ; dis-
charge ; a flux or running. — 9. In laic, the close or result
of pleadings ; the point of matter depending in suit, on
which the parties join, and put the case to trial by a jury.
10. A giving out from a repository ; delivery.
IS'SUE, (ish'u) V. i. [It. uscire.] 1. To pass or flow out ; to
run out of any inclosed place ; to proceed, as from a source.
2. To go out ; to rush out. 3. To proceed, as progeny ; to
spring. 4. To proceed ; to be produced ; to arise ; to grow
or accrue. — 5. In legal pleadings, to come to a point in
fact or law, on which the parties join and rest the deci-
sion of the cause. 6. To close : to end.
IS'SUE, (ish'u) V. t. 1. To send out ; to put into circulation
2. To send out ; to deliver from authority 3. To delivei
for use.
IS'SUED, (ish'shud) pp. Descended ; sent out. Shak.
IS'SUE-LESS, (ish'u-les) a. Having no issue or progeny
wanting chUdien.
IS'SU-ING, ppr. Flowing or passing out ; proceeding iimn
, sending out.
iS'SU-ING, 71. I. A flowing or passing out. 2. Emission
a sending out ; as of bills or notes.
ISTH'MUS, (ist'mus) 71. [L.] A neck or narrow slip of )and
by which two continents are connected, or by which a
peninsula is united to the main land.
IT, pron. [Sax. hit ; D. het ; G. es ; L. id.] 1. A substitute
or pronoun of tlie neuter gender, sometimes called demon-
strative, and standing for any thing except males and fe-
males. 2. Jt is much used as the nominative case or word
to verbs called impersonal ; as, it rains ; it snows.
I-TAL IAN, a. Pertaining to Italy.
I-TAL'IAN, n. 1. A native of Italy. 2. The language used
in Italy, or by the Italians.
I-TAL'IAN -ATE, v. t. To render Italian, or conformable to
Italian customs.
I-TAL'IAN-IZE, V. i. To play the Italian ; to speak Ital-
ian.
I-TAL'I€,_a. Relating to Italy or its characters.
I-TAL'I-CiZE, V. t. To write or print in Italic characters.
I-TAL'I€S, 71. plu. Italic letters or characters ; characters
first used in Italy, and which stand inclining.
ITCH, n. [Sax. gictha.] 1. A cutaneous disease. 2. The
sensation in the skin occasioned by the disease. 3. A
constant teasing desire.
ITCH, V. i. [G. jucken.] 1. To feel a particular uneasinesa
in the sKm which inclines the person to scratch the part
2. To have a constant desire or teasing inclination.
ITCH'ING, ppr. 1. Having a sensation that calls for
scratching. 2. Having a constant desire.
ITCH'Y, a. Infected with the itch.
I'TEM, adv. [L.] Also ; a word used when something is
to be added.
I'TEM, 71. 1. An article ; a separate particular in an ac-
count. 2. A hint ; an innuendo.
I'TEM, V. t. To make a note or memorandum of.
t IT'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be repeated. Brown.
IT'ER-ANT, a. Repeating. Bacon.
IT'ER-ATE, V. t. [L. itero.] To repeat ; to utter or do a
second time.
IT'ER-A-TED, pp. Repeated.
IT'ER-A-TING, ppr. Repeating ; uttering or doing over
again.
IT-ER-A'TION, 71. [L. iteratio.] Repetition ; recital or per-
formance a second time. Bacon.
IT'ER-A-TiVE, a. Repeating.
I-TIN'ER-ANT, a. [Ja.iter.] Passing or traveling about a
country ; wandering ; not settled.
I-TIN'ER-ANT, n. One who travels from place to place,
particularly a preacher; one who is unsettled.
I-TIN'ER-A-RY, n. [Fr. itineraire ; Low L. itinerarium.]
An account of travels or of the distances of places.
I-TIiVER-A-RY, a. Traveling ; passing from place to place,
or done on a journey. Bacon.
I-TIN'ER-ATE, v. i. [Low L. itinero.] To travel from place
to place, particularly for the purpose of preaching; to
wander without a settled habitation.
IT-SELF', pron. [it and self] The neutral reciprocal pro-
noun, or substitute applied to things.
IT'TRI-UM, 71. The undecomposable base of yttria.
I'VO-RY, 71. [Fr. ivoire.] The tusk of an elephant, a hard,
solid substance, of a fine white color.
T'VO-RY, a. Consisting of ivory ; as, an ivory comb.
l'VO-RY-BLA€K, n. A fine kind of soft blacking,
I'VY, 78. [Sax. i^^.] A parasitic plant of the genus Aedera,'
which creeps along the ground,
I VYED, a. Overgrown with ivy. Warton
J This letter has been added to the English Alphabet in
• modern days; the letter / being written, formerly, in
words where J is now used. It seems to have had the
sound of 7/, in many words, as it still has in the German.
The English sound of this letter may be expressed by dzh,
or edzh, a compound sound coinciding exactly with that
of gin. genius.
JAB'BER, X). i. [H. gabheren,ox Fx. jahoter.] To talk rapid-
ly or indistinctly ; to chatter ; to prate. Swift.
JAB'BER, n Rapid talk with indistinct utterance.
JAB'BER-ER, n. One that talks rapidly, indistinctly or un-
intelligibly.
JAB'BER-ING, ppr. Prating ; talking confusedly.
t JAB'BER-MENT, n. Idle prate. Milton.
JAB'I-RU, 71. An aquatic fowl of the crane kind.
JAC'A-MAR, 71. A kind of fowls.
Ja'CENT, (z. [L.jacens.] Lying at length, Wotton.
Ja'CINTH, 7i, [a different orthography of AT/aciTii^.j 1. A
genus of plants. [See Hyacinth.] 2, A species of pellucid
gems.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
JAG
471
JAR
JACK, n. 1. A nickname or diminutive of John, used as a
general term of contempt for any saucy or paltry fellow.
2. Tlie name of an instrument that supplies the place of a
boy; an instrument to pull off boots. 3. An engine to
turn a spit. 4. A young pike. 5. [Sp. xaco, xaqueta,]
A coat of mail. 6. A pitcher of waxed leather. 7. A
small bowl thrown out for a mark to the bowlers. 8. Part
of a musical instrument called a ziw-o-t/mL Bacon. 9. The
male of certain animals, as of the ass. 10 A horse or
wooden frame on which wood or timber is sawed. — 11. In
sea-language, a flag, ensign or colors, displayed from a
staff on the end of a bowsprit. — 12. In Yorkshire, half a
pint. Grose. A quarter of a pint., Pegge. — Jack at all
trades, a person who can turn his hand to any kind of busi-
ness. — Jack by the hedge, a plant. — Jack in a box. 1. A
plant. 2. A large, wooden, male screw, turning in a fe-
male one. — Jack with a lantern, an ignis fatuus, a meteor
tJiat appears in low, moist lands. — Jack of the clock-house,
a little man that strikes the quarters in a clock.
JACK-A-DAN'DY, n. A little, impertinent fellow. Sec
Dandiph^t.
JA€K'A-LENT, n. [Jack in lent.] A simple, sheepish fel-
low. Shak.
JA€K'A-NAPES, n. [jack and ape.] 1. A monkey ; an ape.
2. A coxcomb ; an impertinent fellow.
JA€K'ASS, n. The male of the ass.
JA€K'-BLO€K, n. A block attached to the top-gallant-tie
of a ship, to sway up or to strike the yard.
JA€K'BOOTS, n. Boots that serve as armor for the legs.
JA€K'DAW, 71. [jack and daw.] A fowl.
JAeK'FLAG, n. A flag hoisted at the sprit-sail top-mast-
head. Encyc.
JACK 'PUD-DING, n. [jack and pudding.] A merry-an-
drew ;"a buffoon ; a zany. Qay.
JA€K'SAUCE, n. An impudent fellow ; a saucy Jack. Shak.
JA€K'SMITH, n. A smith who makes jacks for the chim-
ney.
* JA€K'AL, n. [Sp. chacal.] An animal of the genus canis,
resembling a dog and a fox.
JA€K'ET, n. [Sp. xaqueta ; Fr. jaquette.] A short close
garment worn by males, extending downwards to the
hips ; a short coat.
JACK'ET-ED, a. Wearing a jacket.
JA€'0-BIN, n. [So named from the place of meeting, which
was the monastery of the monks called Jacobines.] The
Jacobins, in France, during the late revolution, were a
society of violent revolutionists.
JACO-BIN, a. The same with jacobimcal.
JACO-BlNE, «. 1. A monk of the order of Dominicans. 2.
A pigeon with a high tuft. Ainsworth.
JAe-0-BIN'I€, I a. Resembling the Jacobins of France ;
JAC-O-BIN'I-eAL, \ turbulent.
JA€-0-BIN'ISM, n. Jacobinic principles ; popxilar turbu-
lence.
JACO-BIN-IZE, V. t. To taint with Jacobinism. Burke.
JAG'O-BITE, n. [from Jacobus.] 1. A partisan or adherent
of James II. king of England, after he abdicated the
throne, and of his descendants. 2. One of a sect of Chris-
tians in Syria and Mesopotamia.
JA€'0-BITE, a. Pertaining to the partisans of James II.
JA€'0-BIT-1SM, n. The principles of the partisans of
James II. Mason.
JA'eOB'S-LAD'DER, n A plant.
Ja'€OB'S-STAFF, 71. 1. A pilgrim's staff. 2. A staff con-
cealing a dagger. 3. A cross staff; a kind of astrolabe.
JA-€o'BUS, n. [Jacobus.] A gold coin, value twenty-five
shillings sterling, struck in the reign of James I.
JA€-0-NET', 71. A kind of coarse muslin.
t JA€'TAN-CY, 71. [L. jactantia.] A boasting.
JA€-TI-Ta'TION, 71. [h.jactatio.] 1 . A tossing of the body ;
restlessness. 2. A term in the canon law, for a false pre-
tension to marriage ; vain boasting.
JA€'U-LATE, V. t. [L. jaculor.] To dart.
JA€-U-La'TION, n. The action of darting, throwing or
lanching, as missive weapons. Milton.
JA€'U-LA-TOR, n. The shooting fish.
JACU-LA-TO-RY, a. Darting or throwing out suddenly,
or suddenly thrown out ; uttered in short sentences. See
Ejaculatory.
JADE, 71. 1. A mean or poor horse ; a tired horse ; a worth-
less nag. 2. A mean woman ; a word of contempt, noting
sometimes age, but generally vice. 3. A young woman ;
in irony or slight contempt.
JADE, n. A mineral called also nephrite.
JADE, V. t. 1. To tire ; to fatigue ; to weary with hard ser-
vice. 2. To weary with attention or study ; to tire. 3.
To harass ; to crush. 4. To tire or wear out in mean of-
fices. 5. To ride ; to rule with tyranny.
JADE V. i. To become weary ; to lose spirit ; to sink.
JaD'Iv-D, pp. Tired ; wearied ; fatigued ; harassed.
JaD'ER-Y, 71. The tricks of a jade. Beaumont.
JaD'ING, ppr. Tiring ; wearying ; harassing.
JaD'ISH, a. ]. Vitious; bad, like a jade. 2. Unchaste.
JAG, 71. [Sp. zaga.] A small load. JVew England.
JAGG, V. t. To notch ; to cut into notches or teeth like those
of a saw.
JAGG, or JAG, n. A tooth of a saw ; a denticulation.— In
botany, a cleft or division. Martyn.
J AG'GEB, pp. 1. Notched ; uneven. 2. a. Having notches
or teeth ; cleft ; divided ; laciniate.
JAG'GED-NESS, n. The state of being denticulated ; un-
evenness. Peacham.
JAG'GING, ppr. Notching ; cutting into teeth ; dividing.
JAG'GY, a. Set with teeth ; denticulated ; uneven
JAG-U-AR', 71. The American tiger, or ounce of Brazil.
JAH, n. Jehovah.
J^IL, n. [Fr. geole ; sometimes written, improperly, gaol.]
A prison ; a building or place for the confinement of per-
sons arrested for debt or for crime.
JaIL'BiRD, 71. A prisoner; one who has been confined in
_prison.
JaIL'ER, 71. The keeper of a prison.
JaIL'FE-VER, n. A contagious and fatal fever generated
in jails and other places crowded with people.
JaKES, /?. A house of office or back-house ; a privy.
*JAL'AP, 71. [Pott, jalapa ; Fr. jalap ; Sp. xalapa ; so
called from Xalapa, in Mexico.] The lioot of a plant, much
used 39 a cathartic.
JAM, 71. 1. A conserve of fruits boiled with sugar and
water. 2. A kind of frock for children.
JAM, V. t. [Russ. je)?i.] 1. To press; to crowd ; to wedge
in. — 2. In England, to tread hard or make firm by tread-
ing, as land by cattle. Oi-ose.
JAM, or JAMB, n. Among the lead miners of Mendip, a
thick bed of stone which hinders them when pursuing the
veins of ore.
JA-MaI'CA Pepper. See Allspice.
JAMB, (jam) n. [Fr.jambe.] In architecture, a supporter ,
the side-piece or post of a door ; the side-piece of a fire
place.
JAM-BEE', n . A name formerly given to a fashionable cane
Tatlcr.
t JAM'BEUX, n. Armor for the legs. Dryden.
JANE, 72. 1. AcoinofGenoa. S/?e7!se?-. 2. Akindoff\istian
JAN'GLE, V. i. [G. zanken.] To quarrel in words ; to alter-
cate ; to bicker; to wrangle. Shak.
JAN'GLE, V. t. To cause to sound discordantly.
JAN'GLE, 71. [Old Fr. jangle.] Prate ; babble ; discordant
sound.
JAN'GLER, n. A wrangling, noisy fellow.
JAN'GLING, j)pr. Wraligling; quarreling; sounding dis-
cordantly.
JAN'GLING, n. A noisy dispute ; a Wrangling.
JAN'I-TOR, 7!. [L.] A door-keeper ; a porter. Warton.
JAN-I-Za'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Janizaries.
JAN'I-ZA-RY, n. [Turkish, yeniskeri.] A soldier of the
Turkish foot guards.
JAN'NO€K, 71. Oat-bread. [Local.]
JAN'SEN-ISM, 71. The doctrine of Jansen in regard to free
will and grace.
JAN'SEN-IST, n. A follower of Jansen, bishop of Ypres, in
Flanders.
JANT, V. i. To ramble here and there ; to make an excur-
sion. Shak.
JANT, n. An excursion ; a ramble; a short journey.
JANT'I-LY, adv. Briskly ; airily ; gayly.
JANT'I-NESS, n. Airiness; flutter; briskness.
JANT'Y, a. Airy ; showy ; fluttering ; finical. Hobbes.
J AN'U- A-RY, 71 . [Fr, Janvier ; Yort. Janeiro ; Li.januarius.]
The first month of the year, according to the present com-
putation.
JA-PAN', n. This name is given to work varnished and
figured in the manner practiced by the natives of Japan.
JA-PAN'-EARTH, 7(. Catechu, a combination of gummy
and resinous matter, obtained from the juice of a species
of palm tree.
JA-PAN', V. t. 1. To varnish in the manner of the Japanese.
2. To bkick and gloss, as in blacking shoes or boots.
JAP-A-NeSE', a. Pertaining to Japan or its inhabitants.
JAP-A-NeSE', n. A native of Japan ; or the language of the
inhabitants.
JA-PAN'NED, (ja-pand') pp. Varnished in a particular
manner.
JA-PAN'NER, n. 1. One who varnishes in the manner of
the Japanese. 2. A shoe-blacker.
JA-PAN'NING, ppr. Varnishing in the manner of the Jap-
anese ; giving a glossy black surface.
JA-PAN'NING, 71. The art of varnishing.
t JAPE, 75. i. [Ice. g-eipa.] To jest. Chaucer.
t JAPE, V. t. XSax. geap.] To cheat. Chaucer.
t JAPE, n. A jest ; a trick. Chaucer.
fJAP'ER, n. A jester.
JA-PHET'I€, a. Pertaining to Japheth, the eldest son of
Noah.
JAP'U, 71. A bird of Brazil that suspends its nest.
JAR, V. i. 1. To strike together with a short rattle or tremu-
lous sound ; to strike untunably or harshly ; to strike dis-
cordantly. 2. To clash ; to interfere ; to act in opposition ;
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D^^VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K j 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
JEA
472
JES
to be inconsistent. 3. To quarrel ; to dispute ; to clash in
words. 4. To vibrate regularly ; to repeat the same sound.
JXR, V. t. To shake ; to cause to tremble ; to cause a short
tremulous motion in a thing.
JAR, n. 1. A rattling vibration of sound ; a shake. 2. A
harsh sound ; discord. 3. Clash of interests or opinions ;
collision ; discord ; debate. 4. The state of a door half
open, or ready to move and strike the post. 5. Repetition
of the noise made by the pendulum of a clock.
■ JAR, 71 [S^.ja7Ta,jarro.] I. A vessel with a large belly
and broad mouth, made of earth or glass. 2. A certain
measure.
J ARARACA, n. A species of serpent in America.
t JAR'BLE, or f JAV'EL, v. t. To beraire. Spenser.
JARDES, n. [Fr.j Callous tumors on the leg of a horse, be-
low the bend of the ham on the outside.
t JAR'GLE, V. i. To emit a harsh or shrill sound
JAR'GON, n. [Fr. jargon.] 1. Confused, unintelligible talk
or language ; gabble ; gibberish ; cant. 2. A minej '
JAR-GO-NEI^LE', (jar-go-nel') n. A species of pear.
gibberish ; cant. 2. A mineral.
_. — „„ ^,„^^^ , ^j^x go-nel') 71. A species of pea
JAR-GON'I€5 <^- Pertaining to the mineral jargon.
JARRED, pj?.'[from jar.] Shaken.
JARR'ING, ppr. Shaking ; making a harsh sound ; discord-
ant.
JARR'ING, n. A shaking ; discord ; dispute.
Ja'SEY, n. [corrupted from jarsey or jersey.] A worsted
wig, and, m some places, a colloquial term for a wig.
JAS'HAWK, 71. A young hawk. Ainsworth,.
JAS'MIN, j n. [Fr. jasmin. It is sometimes written iessa-
JAS'MiNE, \ mine.] A plant of the genus jas7ai7iMJK,'bear-
ing beautiful flowers.
JASP. The same as jas;)er,
JAS'PA-CHATE, n. A name anciently given to some vari-
eties of agate jasper. Cyc.
JAS'PER, 71. [Fr. jaspe.] A mineral which admits of an ele-
gant polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff-boxes, &c.
JAS'PER-A-TED, a. Mixed with jasper.
JAS-PI-De'AN, a. Like jasper ; consisting of jasper.
JAS'PO-NYX, 71. The purest horn-colored onyx.
fJAUNCE, w. i. [Fr. jancer.] To bustle ; to jaunt. Shak.
JAUN'DiCE, (jan'dis) n.[FT.jau.nisse.] A disease which is
characterized by a suffusion of bile over the coats of the
eye and the whole surface of the body, by which iney are
tinged with a yellow color. Hence its name.
JAUN'DlCED, (jan'dist) a. 1. Affected with the jaundice ;
suffused with a yellow color. 2. Prejudiced j seeing with
discolored organs.
JAUNT. See Jant.
t JAV'EL, or J AB'LE, v. t. To bemire ; and, as a noun, a
wandering or dirty fellow. Spenser.
JAVE'LIN, (jav'lin) n. [Fr.javeline.] A sort of spear about
five feet and a half long, the shaft of which was of wood,
but pointed with steel.
JAW, 71. [Fr.joue, the cheek.] 1. The bones of the mouth
'in which the teeth are fixed. 2. The mouth.— 3. In vul-
gar language, scolding, wrangling, abusive clamor.
JAW, V, i. To scold ; to clamor. [ Vulgar.]
JAW, V. t. To abuse by scolding. [ Vulgar.]
JAWED, a. Denoting the appearance of the jaws.
JAW'FALL.Ti. Depression of the jaw ; figuratively, depres-
sion of sphits. M. Griffith.
JAW'FALL-EN, a. Depressed in spirits j dejected.
t JAWN, V. i. To yawn. See Yawn.
JAW'Y, a. Relating to the jaws. Oayton.
JAY, 71. [Fr. geai; Sp. gayo.] A bird.
JAYET. sJjet. ^ ^ -^ ^
Ja'ZEL, n. A gem of an azure blue color.
JEAIVOUS, (jel'us) a. [Fr. jaloux.] 1. Suspicious; appre-
hensive of rivalship ; uneasy through fear that another
has withdrawm or may withdraw from one the affections
of a person he loves, or enjoy some good which he desires
to obtain. 2. Suspicious that we do not enjoy the affec-
tion or respect of others. 3. Emulous ; full of competi-
tion. 4. Solicitous to defend the honor of ; concerned for
the character of. 5. Suspiciously vigilant; anxiously
careful and concerned for. 6. Suspiciously fearful.
JEAL'OUS-LY, (jel'us-ly) adv. With jealousy or suspicion ;
emulously ; with suspicious fear or vigilance.
JEAL'OUS-NESS, (jel'us-nes) n. The state of being jeal-
ous ; suspicion; suspicious vigilance. Kina- Charles.
JEAL'OUS-Y, (jel'us-y) n. [Fr. jalousie.] 1. That passion or
peculiar uneasiness, whi',h arises from the fear that a rival
may rob us of the affect on of one whom we love, or the
suspicion that he has aVready done it ; or it is the uneasi-
ness which arises from the fear that another does or will
enjoy some advantage which we desire for ourselves.
Jealousy is nearly allied to envy, for jealousy, before a good
is lost by ourselves, is converted into envy, after it is ob-
tained by others. 2. Suspicious fear or apprehension. 3.
Suspicious caution or viiiilance ; an earnest concern or so-
licitude for the welfare or honor of others. 4. Indignation.
JeARS, n. In sea-language, an assemblage of tackles by
which the lower yards of a ship are hoisted or lowered.
JEAT, 71. A fossil of a fine black color. See Jet.
JEER, V. i. [G. scheren.] To utter severe, sarcastic reflec-
tions ; to scoff; to deride ; to flout ; to make a mock of.
JEER, V. t. To treat with scoffs or derision. Howell.
JEER, 71. RaiUng language ; scoff; taunt; biting jest;
flout ; jibe ; mockery ; derision ; ridicule with scorn.
JEERED, pp. RaUed at ; derided.
JEER'ER, 71. A scoffer ; a railer ; a scomer ; a mocker.
JEER'ING, ppr. Scofiing ; mockmg ; deriding.
JEER'ING, 71. Derision.
JEERilNG-LY, adv. With raillery; scornfully; contempts
ously ; in mockery. Derham.
JEF'FER-SON-lTE, 71. A mineral. Phillips.
fJEG'GET, 7j. A kind of sausage. Mnsworth.
JE-Ho'VAH, 71. The Scripture name of the Supreme Being
Heb. TWr\i.
JE-Ho'VIST, n. Among critics, one who maintains that
the vowel-points annexed to the word Jehovah, in He-
brew, are the proper vowels of the word, and express the
true pronunciation.
JE-JuNE', a. [L. jejunus.] 1. Wanting ; empty ; vacant
2. Hungry ; not saturated. 3. Dry ; barren ; wanting in-
teresting matter.
JE-JuNE'NESS, 71. Poverty ; barrenness ; particularly ,
want of interesting matter. [Jejunity is not used.]
JEL'LIED, a. [See Jelly and Gelly.] Brought to the con-
sistence of jelly.
JEL'LY, n. [Sp. jalea.] 1. The inspissated juice of fruit,
boiled with sugar. 2. Something viscous or glutinous ;
something of the consistency of jelly ; a transparent, sizv
substance, obtained from animal substances by decoction
portable soup.
JEL'LY-BAG, n. A bag through which jelly is distilled.
JEM'MI-NESS, 71. Spruceness.
JEIVI'MY, a. Spruce. Wldter. [A low word.]
JEN'ITE, n. A different orthography of yenite, which see.
JEN'NET, n. A small Spanish horse, properly genet.
JEN'NET-ING, n. [said to be corrupted from juneting, at
apple ripe in June, or at St. Jean.] A species of early
apple. Mortimer.
JEN'NY, 71. A machine for spinning, moved by water c
steam , and used in manufactories.
JENT'LING, n. A fish, the blue chub, found m the Danube
JEOF'AIL, (jef fail) n. [Fr.j^aifailli.] An oversight ii
pleading or other proceeding at law ; or the acknowledg
ment of a mistake.
JEOP'ARD, (jep'ard) v. t. To hazard ; to put in danger ; If
expose to loss or injury.
JEOP'ARD-ER, (jep'ard-er) n. One who puts to hazard.
JEOP'ARD-IZE, (jep'ard-ize) v. t. To expose to loss or inju-
ry ; to jeopard. [This is a modern word, used in America
but synonymous with jeopard, and therefore useless.]
JEOP'ARD-OUS, (jep'ard-us) a. Exposed to danger ; peril
ous; hazardous.
JEOP'ARD-OUS-LY, (jep'ard-us-ly) adv. With risk o^
danger.
JEOP'ARD-Y, (jep'ard-y) n. [Fr.j'ai perdu, I have lost, o^
jea perdu, a lost game ; G. gefahr, danger.] Exposure U
death, loss or injury ; hazard ; danger ; peril.
JER'BO-A, n. A quadruped having very short fore legs.
JERK, v. t. [Sax. hrmcan, herca.] 1. To thrust out ; to
thrust with a sudden effort ; to give a sudden pull, twitch
thrust or push. 2. To throw with a quick, smart motion
t JERK, V. t. To accost eagerly. Dryden.
JERK, 71. 1. A short, sudden thrust, push or twitch ; i
striking against something with a short, quick motion.
2. A sudden spring.
JERK'ER, 71. One who strikes with a quick, smart blow.
JERK'IN, 71. 1. A jacket ; a short coat ; a close waistcoat.
South. 2. A kind of hawk. Ainsworth.
JER'SEY, 71. [from the island so called.] 1. Fine yarn of
wool. 2. The finest of wool separated from the rest
combed wool.
JE-RtJ'SA-LEM AR'TI-CHOKE, n. A plant.
JESS, n. 1. A short strap of leather tied round the legs of e
hawk, by which she is held on the fist. 2. A ribbon thai
hangs down from a garland or crown in falconry.
JES'SA-MIN, 77. A genus of plants and their flowers. See
Jasmin.
JES'SE, 7i. A large brass candlestick branched into many
sconces, hanging down in the middle of a church or choir.
Cowel.
JESSED, a. Having jesses on ; a term.' in heraldry
JEST, 71. [Sp. and Port, chiste.] 1. A joke ; something lu-
dicrous uttered and meant only to excite laughter. 2
The object of laughter or sport ; a laughing stock. 3. A
mask. 4. A deed; an action : [obs.]
JEST, v.i. 1. To divert or make merry by words or actions ;
to joke. 2. To utter in sport; to say what is not true,
merely for diversion. 3. To play a part in a mask.
JEST'ER, 71. 1. A person given to jesting, sportive talk and
merry pranks. 2. One given to sarcasm. 3. A buffoon ;
a merry-andrew, a person formerly retained by princes to
make sport for them.
* See Synopsis. A, fi, I, 5, tr, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARfNE, BJRD ;
t Obsolete
JIG
473
JOH
JEST'ING, ppr. Joking j talking for diversion or merri-
ment.
JEST'ING, M. A joking ; concise wit. Encyc.
JEST'ING-L Y, adv. In a jocose manner 3 not in earnest.
JESTING-STOeK, n. A laugliing-stock ; a butt of ridi-
cule.
JES'U-IT, B. One of the society of Jesus, so called, founded
by Ignatius Loyola.
JES'U-IT-ED, a. Conforming to the principles of the Jesu-
its. White.
JES'U-IT-ESS, n. A female Jesuit in principle. Bp. Hall.
JES-U-IT'I€, la. 1. Pertaining to the Jesuits or their
JES-U-IT'I-eAL, \ principles and arts. 2. Designing ;
cunning ; deceitful j prevaricating.
JES-U-IT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Craftily.
JES'U-IT-ISM, 71. 1. The arts, principles and practices of
the Jesuits. 2. Cunning ; deceit ; hypocrisy ; prevEirica-
tion ; deceptive practices to effect a purpose.
JES'U-ITS'-BARK, n. Peruvian bark ; the bark of the cin-
cJiona, a tree of Peru,
JET, n. [D. git ; Fi.jayet.] A solid, dry, black, inflamma-
ble fossil substance.
JET, n. [Fr. jff ; It. getto.] 1. A spout, spouting or shoot-
ing of water. 2. A yard. Tusser. 3. Drift j scope j [not
in use, or local.l
JET, V. i. 1. To shoot forward ; to shoot out ; to project ;
to jut ; to intrude. 2. To strut ; to throw or toss the body
in haughtiness. 3. To jerk ; to jolt j to be shaken. See
Jut.
JET'TEAU, (jet'to) n. [Yi.jet d'eau.] A throw or spout of
water. Addison.
JET'SAM, JET'gON, or JETTI-SON, n. [Fr. jetter.] In
law and commerce, properly, the throwing of goods over-
board in order to lighten a ship in a tempest for her pres-
ervation.
JET'TEE, n. A projection in a building.
JET'TER, n. A spruce fellow ; one who struts.
JETiTY,v.i. To jut.
JET'TY, 71. A small pier or projection into a river for nar-
rowing it and raising the water above that place.
JET'TY, a. Made of jet, or black as jet. Pope.
JET'TY-HEAD, n. The projecting part of a wharf; the
front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a
dock.
JEW, 71. [a. contraction of Jvdas or Judah. I A Hebrew or
Israelite.
JEWEL, 71. [It. gioiello , Ft. joyau ; Sp.joya,joyel;G.
juwel j B.juweel.] 1. An ornament worn by ladies, usu-
ally consisting of a precious stone, or set with one or
more ; a pendant worn in the ear. 2. A precious stone.
3. A name expressive of fondness.
JEWEL, V. t. To dress or adorn with jewels
JEWEL-HOUSE, or JEWEL- OF'FICE, n. The place
v/here the royal ornaments are reposited. Shak.
JEWEL-IiTKE, a. Brilliant as a jewel. Shak.
JEWELED, pp. Adorned with jewels,
JEW'EL-ER, n. One who makes or deals in jewels and
other ornaments.
JEWEL-ING, ppr. Adorning with jewels,
JEWEL-RY, 71. Jewels in general.
JEW'ESS, n. A Hebrew woman. Acts, xxiv.
JEWISH, a. Pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews.
JEWTSH-LY, adv. In the manner of the Jews. Donne.
JEW'ISH-NESS, 71. The rights of the Jews. Martin.
JEWRY, 71. Judea ; also, a district inhabited by Jews.
JEWS'-eAR, n. The name of a species of fungus.
JEWS-FRANK-IN'CENSE, n. A plant.
JEWS'-HARP, 71. [Jew and harp.] An instrument of music
shaped like a harp, which, placed between the teeth, and
by means of a spring struck by the finger, gives a sound
which is modulated by the breath into soft melody. It is
called, also, Jews-trump.
JEWS'-MAL-LoW, n. A plant, a species of corchorus.
JEWS'-PITCH, n. Asphaltum, which see.
JEWS'-STONE, 71. The clavated spine of a very large egg-
shaped sea urchin petrified.
JEZ'E-BEL, 7!. An impudent, daring, vicious woman.
JIB, 77. The foremost sail of a ship, being a large stay-sail
extended from the outer end of the jib-boom towards the
fore-topmast-head.
JIB, V. t. To shift a boom-sail fror^ one side of the mast to
tlJe other.
JIB-BOOM, 71. A spar which is run out from the extremity
of the bowsprit, and which serves as a continuation of it.
JI-BOY'A, 71, An American serpent of the largest kind.
JI€K'A-JOG, 71. [a cant word from jog-.] A shake ; a push.
B. Jonson.
JIF'FY, n. An instant.
JIG, 71. [It. giga ; Fr. gigue.] 1. A kind of light dance, or
a tune or air. 2. A ballad,
JIG, V. i. To dance a jig.
JIG'GER, 71 In sea-language, a machine used to hold on
the cable when it is heaved into the ship, by the revolu-
tion of the windlass.
JIG'GISH, a. Suitable to a jig. -
JIG'GUM-BOB, 71. A trinket 3 a knick-knack. Hudibras
JIG'Ma-KER, n. 1. One who makes or plays jigs. Shak
2. A ballad maker. Dekker.
JIG'PIN, 77. A pin used by miners to hold the turn-beams
and prevent them from turning.
JILL, n. A young woman, in contempt. See Gill.
JILL'-FLiRT, 71. A light, wanton woman. Guardian.
JILT, 71. 1. A woman who gives her lover hopes, and ca-
priciously disappoints him ; a woman who triflies with her
lover. 2. A name of contempt for a woman.
JILT, V. t. To encourage a lover, and then frustrate his
hopes ; to trick in love ; to give hopes to a lover, and then
reject him. Dryden.
JILT, V. i. To play the jilt ; to practice deception in love,
and discard lovers. Congreve.
JIM'MERS, 71. Jointed hinges. Bailey.
JIMP, a. Neat ; handsome ; elegant of shape.
JIN'GLE, V. i. To sound with a fine, sharp rattle ; to clink.
JIN'GLE, V. t. To cause to give a sharp sound, as a little
bell, eras pieces of metal. Pope.
JIN'GLE, n. 1. A rattling or clinking sound, as of little
bells or pieces of metal. 2. A little bell or rattle. 3
Correspondence of sound in rhymes.
JIN'GLING, ppr. Giving a sharp, fine,' rattling sound, as a
little bell, or as pieces of metal.
JIP'PO, n. [Fr. jupe.] A waistcoat or kind of stays for fe-
males.
JOB, 77. 1. A piece of work ; any thing to be done, whether
of more or less importance. 2. A lucrative business ; an
undertaking with a view to profit. 3. A sudden stab
with a pointed instrument. — To do the job for one, to kill
him.
JOB, V. t. 1. To strike or stab with a sharp instrument. 2.
To drive in a sharp-pointed instrument. Moron.
JOB, V. i. To deal in the public stocks ; to buy and sell as
a broker. Pope.
JOB'BER, 71. 1. One who does small jobs. 2. A dealer in
the public stocks or funds ; usually called a stock-joober.
3, One who engages in a low, lucrative affair,
JOB'BER-NOWL, n. [Fl. jobbe, and Sax. knol.] A logger-
head ; a_blockhead. [A low word.] Hudibras.
JoB'S'-TeARS, n. A plant of the genus coix.
JOCK'EY, 71. [said to be from Jackey, a diminutive of Jack,
John ; primarily, a boy that rides horses.] 1. A man that
rides horses in a race. 2, A dealer in horses ; one who
makes it his business to buy and sell horses for gain. 3.
A cheat ; one who deceives or takes undue advantage in
trade.
JOCK'EY, V. t. I. To cheat ; to trick ; to deceive in trade.
2. To jostle by riding aj^Eiinst one. Johnson.
JOCK'EY-SHIP, 71. The art or practice of riding horses.
Cowper
JO-CoSE, a. [Ij.jocosus.] 1. Given to jokes and jesting j
merry ; waggish. 2. Containing a joke ; sportive ; merry.
JO-CoSE'LY, adv. In jest j for sport or game ; waggishly.
Broome.
JO-CoSE'NESS, 77. The quality of being jocose ; waggery j
merrment. [Jocosity is not used.]
JO-CO-Se'RI-OUS, a. Partaking of mirth and seriousness.
Green.
JOC'U-LAR, a. [Ti.jocularis.] 1. Jocose ; waggish ; merry
given to jesting. 2. Containing jokes ; sportive ; not
serious.
JOC-U-LAR'I-TY, 71. Merriment ; jesting. Brown.
JOC'U-LAR-LY, adv. In jest ; for sport or mirth,
t JOC'U-LAR-Y, a. Jocular. Bacon.
JOC'U-LA-TOR, 71. [L.] A jester ; a droll ; a minstrel.
JOC'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Droll ; merrily said.
JOCUND, a. [L. jocundus.] Merry ; gay ; airy ; lively ;
sportive. Prior.
JO-CUND'I-TY, or JOC'UND-NESS, 71. State of being
merry ; gayety.
JOC'UND-LY, adv. Merrily ; gayly.
JOG, V. t. To push or shake with the elbow or hand ; to
give notice or excite attention by a slight push.
JOG, V. i. 1. To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of
a slow trot. Milton. 2. To walk or travel idly, heavily
or slowly.
JOG, 71, 1, A push ; a sliglit shake ; a shake or push in-
tended to give notice or awaken attention. 2. A rub ; a
small stop ; obstruction.
JOG'GER, 71. ], One who walks or moves heavily and
slowly. 2, One who gives a sudden push.
JOG'GING, ppr. Pushing slightly.
JOG'GING, 77. A slight push or shake.
JOG'GLE, V. t. [from jog.] To shake slightly ; to give a
sudden but slight push.
JOG'GLE, 7;. i. To shake. Derham.
JOG'GLED, pp. Slightly shaken.
JOG'GLING, ppr. Shaking slightly.
JO-HAN'NES, n. [John, Latinized.] A Portuguese gold
coin of the value of eight dollars j contracted often into
joe ; as, a joe, or half-joe.
See Synopsis MOVE, BQQK DOVE ;— BVLL., UNITE.— € as K 5 G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
JOL
474
JUB
JOHN, n. A word often used in contempt ; as, a country
John
JOHN'AP-PLE, n. A sort of apple, good for spring use,
when other fruit is spent. Mortimer.
JOIN, V. t. [Fr. joindre.] 1. To set or brmg one thing in
contiguity with another. 2. To couple ; to connect ; to
combine. 3. To unite in league or marriage. 4, To as-
sociate. 5. To unite in any act. 6. To unite in concord.
JOIN, V. i. 1. To grow to ; to adhere. 2. To be contigu-
ous close or in contact. 3. To unite with in maniage,
league, confederacy, partnership or society.
JOIN'DER, n. A joining ; as, a joinder in demurrer.
JOINED, pp. Added J united j set or fastened together j
associated j confederated.
JOIN'ER, 71. One whose occupation is to construct v,hing3
by joining pieces of wood ; but appropriately and usually,
a mechanic who does the wood-work in the covering and
tlnishing of buildings.
JOIN'ER-Y, n. The art of fitting and joining pieces of lim-
ber in the construction of utensils or parts of a building,
so as to form one entire piece.
JOIN HAND, 71. Writing in which letters are joined in
wordsj as distinguished from writing in single letters.
JOJN'IIVG, ppr. Adding ; making contiguous ; uniting 5 con-
federating.
JOINT, n. [Fr. joint.'] 1. The joining of two or more
things. — ^2. In anatomy, the joining of two or more bones ;
an articulation ; as the elbow, the knee, or the knuckle.
3. A knot ; the union of two parts of a plant ; or the space
between two joints ; an internode. 4. A hinge ; a junc-
ture of parts which admits of motion. 5. The place where
two pieces of timber are united. — 6. In joinery, straight
lines are called a joint, when two pieces of wood are
planed. 7. One of the limbs of an animal cut up by the
butcher. — Out uf joint, luxated ; dislocated.
JOINT, a. 1. Shared by two or more ; as joint property.
2. United in the same profession ; having an interest in
the same thing. 3. United ; combined ; acting in concert.
JOINT, V. t. 1. To form with joints or articulations. 2.
To form many parts into one. 3. To cut or divide into
joints or quarters.
JOINT'ED, pp. 1. Fonned with articulations, as the stem
of a plant. 2. Separated into joints or quarters.
JOINT'ER, n. A long plane, a joiner's utensil.
JOINT'-HEIR, (joint -are) ?i. [joint und. heir.] An heir hav-
ing a joint interest with another.
JOINT'LY, adv. 1. Together; unitedly; in concert; with
cooperation. 2. With union of interest.
JOINT'RESS, n. A woman who has a jointure.
JOINT'-STO€K, n. Stock held in company.
JOINT'-STOOL, 71. A stool consisting of parts united.
JOINT-TEN'AN-CY, n. A tenure of estate by unity of in-
terfist, title, time and possession.
JOINT-TEN'ANT, n. [joint and tenant.] One who holds
an estate by joint tenancy.
JOINT'URE, n. [Fr.] An estate in lands or tenements,
settled on a woman in consideration of marriage, and
which she is to enjoy after her husband's decease.
JOINT'URE, V. t. To settle a jointure upon. Cowley.
JOINT'URED, pp. Endowed with a jointure.
JOIST, 71. [^coX. geist, or g est.] A smah piece of timber,
such as is framed into the girders and summers of a budd-
ing to support a floor.
JOIST, V. t. To fit in joists ; to lay joists. '
JOKE, 71. [L. jocMs.] I. A jest ; something said for the sake
of exciting a laugh ; something witty or sportive ; raillery.
2. Aw illusion ; something not real, or to no purpose. — In
joke, in jest ; for the sake of raising a laugh ; not in
earnest.
JOKE, V. i. [li.jocor.] To jest; to be merry in words or
actions.
JOKE, V. t. To rally ; to cast jokes at ; to make merry with.
JOK'ER, n. A jester; a merry fehow. Dennis.
JoK'liNG, ppr. Jesting ; making merry with.
JoK'ING-LY, adv. In a jesting, merry way.
JOLE, 71. 1. The cheek ; used in the phrase, cheek byjole,
that is, with the cheeks together, close, tete k tSte. Dry-
den. 2. The head of a fish. Pojje.
t JOLE, or JoLL, v. t. To strike the head against any
thing ; to clash with violence. Shak.
JOLrLI-LY, adv. With noisy mirth ; with a disposition to
noisv mirth. Dryden.
\ JOL'Ll-MENT, n. Rlirth ; merriment. Spenser.
JOL'LI-KESS, I n. 1. Noisy mirth ; gayety ; meniment ;
JOL'LI-TY, i festivity. 2. Elevation of spirit ; gayety.
JOL'LY, c. [Fr. joli.] 1. Merry ; gay 3 lively ; full of life
and mirth ; jovial. 2. Expressing mirth or inspiring it.
3. Exciting mirth and gayety. 4. Like one in high
health ; pretty. South,
JOL'LY-BoAT, n. A small boat belonging to a ship.
JoLT, V. i. To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings.
JoLT, V. t. To shake with sudden jerks, as in a carriage on
rough ground, or on a high trotting horse.
■ JoLT, 71. A shock or shake by a sudden jerk. Swift.
JoLT'ER, 71. He or that which jolts.
JoLT'HEAD, 71. A greathead ; a dunce ; a blockhead
JoLT'ING, ppr. Giving sudden jerks or shakes.
* JoN'aUIL, 71. [Fr. jonquille.] A plant of the genus nar-
cissus or daffodil, bearing beautiful flowers.
JOR'DEN, 71. A vessel for chamber uses. Swift.
Jo'RUM, n. A colloquial term, in several parts of England,
_for a bowl or drinking vessel with liquor in it.
Jo'SEPH, n. A riding coat or habit for wdmen, with but-
tons down to the skirts, formerly much in use.
JOSEPH'S FLOW-ERS, n. A plant.
JO'SO, n. A small fish of the gudgeon kind.
JOS'TLE, (jos'sl) y. i. [Fi.jouter. Written also justle.] To
run against ; to push.
JOSTLED, pp. Run against ; pushed.
JOSTLING, p;?r. Running against ; pushing.
JOS'TLING, 71. A running against ; a crowding.
JOT, 71. [Gr. c(OTa.] An iota; a point; a tittle ; the least
quantity assignable.
JOT, V. t. To set down ; to make a memorandum of.
JOT'TING, 71. A memorandum. Todd.
t JOU-IS'SANGE, 71. [Fr.] Jollity ; merrunent. Spenser.
JOUNCE, V. t. To shake ; to jolt. Used as a noun, for a
jolt or shake.
JOUP, V. t. To shase ups to dash. Grose.
JoUR'NAL, (jur'nal) 71. [Fr. jourjial ; It. giornale ; L. di-
urnum.] 1. A diary ; an account of daily transactions and
events ; or the book containing such account. — 2. Among
merchants, a book in which every particular article or
charge is fairly entered from the waste-book or blotter. —
3, In navigation, a daily register of the ship's course and
distance, the winds, weather, and other occurrences. 4.
A paper published daily, or other newspaper ; also, the
title of a book or pamphlet published at stated times.
t JoUR'NAL, a. [Fi. journale.] Daily ; quotidian. Spenser.
JoUR'NAL-IST, (jur'nal-ist) 71. The writer of a journal or
diary.
JoUR'NAL-iZE, ( jur'nal-ize) v. t. To enter in a journal.
JoUR'NEY, (jur'ny) 71. [Fr. journee.] 1. The travel of a
day ; [obs.] 2. Travel by land to any distance and for
any time, indefinitely. 3. Passage from one place to
another. 4. It may sometimes include a passing by water,
JoUR'NEY, (jur'ny) v. i. To travel from place to place ; to
pass from home to a distance.
JoUR'NEY-ING, ppr. Traveling; passing from place to
place.
JoUR'NEY-ING, 71. A traveling or passing from one place
to another.
J6UR'NEY-MAN, n. A mechanic who is hired to work for
another in his employment.
JoUR'NEY-WoRK, n. Work done for hire by a mechanic
in his proper occupation.
JOUST. See Just.
JOVE, 71. [L. Jovis, gen. of Jupiter.] 1. The name of the
supreme deity among the Romans. 2. The planet Jupi-
ter. 3. The air or atmosphere, or the god of the air.
Jo'VI-AL, a. Under the influence of Jupiter, the planet.
JO'VT-AL, «. [Fr. and Sp. jovial ; It. gioviale.] 1. Gay ;
nit-rry ; airy ; joyous ; jolly. 2. Expressive of mirth and
hilarity.
Jo'VI-AL-IST, 71. One who lives a jovial life. Hall. .
Jo'VI-AL-LY, adv. Merrily ; gaylv ; with noisy mirth.
JO'VI-AL-NESS, n. Noisy nrrth ; gayety.
JO'VI-AL-TY, 7!. Merriment ; festivity. Barrow.
JOWL, n. The cheek. See Jole.
JOWL'ER, 71. The name of a huntmg dog, beagle or other
dog. Dryden.
JOW^'TER, n. A fish driver. Carew.
JOY, 71. [Fr. joie.] 1. The passion or emotion excited by
the acquisition or expectation of good ; gladness ; exulta-
tion ; exhilaration of spirits. 2. Gayety ; mirth ; festivi-
ty. 3. Happiness ; felicity. 4. A glorious and triumph-
ant state. 5. The cause of joy or happiness. 6. A terra
of fondness ; the cause of joy.
JOY, V. i. To rejoice ; to be glad ; to exult.
JOY, V. t. 1. To give joy to ; to congratulate ; to entertain
kindly. 2. To gladden ; to exhilarate. 3. [Fr. jouir.]
To enjoy ; to have or possess with pleasure, or to have
pleasure in the possession of ; [little used. See Enjoy.]
Milton. Dryden.
t JOY'ANCE, 7j. [OldFr.joiaTit.] Gayety; festivity.
JOYED, pp. Gladdened ; enjoyed.
JOY'FUL, a. Full of jov ; very glad ; exulting.
JOY'FtJL-LY, adv. With joy ; gladly. Dryden.
JOY'FtJL-NESS, 71. Great gladness ; joy.
JOY'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of joy ; wanting joy. 2. Giving
no joy or pleasure.
JOY'LESS-LY, adv. Without joy. Milton.
JOY'LESS-NESS, 71. State of being joyless. Donne.
JOY'OUS, a. [Fr. joyeux.] 1. Glad ; gay ; merry ; joyful.
2. Giving joy.
JOY'OUS-LY, adv. With joy or gladness.
JOY'OUS-NESS, 71. The state of being joyous.
f JUB, n. A bottle or vessel. Chaucer.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, "Y, lovg.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ^PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f- t Obsolete.
JUD
475
JUM
Jt BI-LANT, a. [L.juUlans.] Uttering songs of triumph ;
rejoicing ; shouting with joy. Milton.
JU-BI-La'TION, n. [L. jubilatio.] The act of declaring
triumph.
JU'BI-LEE, n. [Ft. jubile ; L. jubilum.] 1. Among the
Jews, every fiftietli year, being the year following the re-
volution of seven weeks of years, at which time all the
slaves were liberated, and all lands which had been alien-
ated during the whole period reverted to their former
owners. This was a time of great rejoicing. 2. A season
of great public joy and festivity. 3. A church solemnity
or ceremony celebrated at Rome, in which the pope grants
plenary indulgence.
J U-eUND'I-TY, n. [L. jucunditas.] Pleasantness; agree-
ableness. [Little used.] Brown.
JCJ-dI 'I^AL i ^' Pertaining to tlie Jews. Milner.
JU-Da I-€AL-LY, adv. After the Jewish manner.
JUDA-ISM, n. [Fr.judaisme.] 1. The religious doctrines
and rites of the Jews, as enjoined in the laws of Moses.
9. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies.
JulJA-iZE, v.i. [Ft. judaiser.] To conform to the reli-
gious doctrines and rites of the Jews.
Ju DA-lZ-ER, n. One who conforms to the religion of the
_Jews._ Macknight.
JU'DA-lZ-ING, ppr. Conforming to the doctrines and rites
of the Jews.
Ju'DAS-TlvEE, n. A plant of the genus cercis.
JUD'DOCK, n. A small snipe, called, also, jai;A;-s7!i;7e.
JUDGE, n. [Fr. JMoe.] 1. A civil office^ who is invested
with authority to hear and determine causes, civil or
criminal, between parties. 2. The Supreme Being. 3.
One who presides in a court of judicature. 4. One who
has skill to decide on the merits of a question, or on the
value of any thing ; one who can discern truth and pro-
priety. — 5. In- the history of Israel, a chief magistrate,
with" civil and military powers. 6. A juryman or
juror.
JUDGE, V. i. [FT.juger.'] 1. To compare facts or ideas, and
perceive their agreement or disagreement, and thus to
distinguish truth from falsehood. 2. To form an opinion ;
to bring to issue the reasoning or deliberations of the
mind. 3. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial ;
to pass sentence. 4. To discern ; to distinguish ; to con-
sider accurately for the purpose of formmg an opinion or
conclusion.
JUDGE, V. t. 1. To hear and determine a case ; to examine
and decide. 2. To try ; to examine and pass sentence
on. 3. Rightly to understand and discern. 4. To cen-
sure rashly ; to pass severe sentence. 5. To esteem ; to
think ; to reckon. 6. To rule or govern. 7. To doom to
punishment; to punish.
JUDGED, pp. Heard and determined ; tried judicially ;
sentenced; censured; doomed.
JUDGER, 71. One who judges or passes sentence.
JUDGE'SHIP, (judjship) n. The office of a judge.
JUDG'ING, ppr. Hearing and determining; forming an
opinion ; dooming.
fUDG'MENT, 7(. [Ft. jugement.] 1. The act of judging;
the act or process of the mind in comparing its ideas, to
find their agreement or disagreement, and to ascertain
truth. 2. The faculty of the mind by which man is ena-
bled to compare ideas and ascertain the relations of terms
and propositions. 3. The determination of the mind,
formed from comparing the relations of ideas, or the com-
parison of facts and arguments. — 4. In law, the sentence
or doom pronounced in any cause, civil or criminal, by
the judge or court by v/hich it is tried. 5. The right or
power of passing sentence. 6. Determination ; decision.
7. Opinion; notion. — 8. In Scn^Jzire, the spirit of wisdom
and prudence, enabling a person to discern right and
wrong, good and evil. 9. A remarkable punishment ; an
extraordinary calamity mflicted by God on sinners. 10.
TJie spiritual government of the world. 11. The right-
eous statutes and commandments of God are caUed his
judgments. 12. The doctrines of the gospel, or God's
word. 13 Justice and equity. Luke xi. Is. i. 14. The
decrees and purposes of God concerning nations. Rovi. xi.
15. A court or tribunal. Matt. v. 16. Controversies, or
decisions of controversies. 1 Cor. vi. 17. The gospel, or
kingdom of grace. Matt. xii. 18. The final trial of the
jiuman race, when God will decide the fate of every indi-
vidual, and award sentence according to justice.
JUCG'MENT-DaY, n. The last day, or day when final
judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's
moral government.
JUDG'MENT-HALL, ti. The hall where courts are held.
JUDG'MENT-SeAT, n. 1. The seat or bench on which
judges sit in court. 2. A court ; a tribunal.
JtF'DI-€A-TiVE, a. Having power to judge. Hammond.
Jd'DI-€A-TO-RY, a. Dispensing justice.
JU DI-CA-TO-RY, 71. [li. judicatorium.] I. A court of jus-
tice ; a tribunal. 2. Distribution of justice.
Ju DI-CA-TURE, n. [Fr ] 1. The power of distributing
justice by legal trial and determination. 2. A court of
jiBtice ; a judicatory.
JIJ-Di"CIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to courts of justice 2
Practiced in the distribution of justice. 3. Proceeding
from a court of justice. 4. Issued by a court under its
seal. 5. Inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment.
JU-Di"CIAL-LY, adv. 1. In the forms of legal justic<^. 2.
By way of penalty or judgment.
JU-Dl'CIA-RY, a. [Ft. judiciaire.] 1. Passing judgment
or sentence. 2. Pertainmg to the courts of judicature.
JU-Di"CIA-RY, n. That branch of government which is
concerned in the trial and determination of controversies
between parties, and of criminal prosecutions ; the system
of courts of justice in a government. United States.
JU-Dl"CIOUS, a. [Ft. jiidicieux.] 1. According to sound
judgment ; wise ; prudent ; rational ; adapted to obtain a
good end by the best means. 2. Acting according to
sound judgment ; possessing sound judgment ; wise ; di-
rected by reason and wisdom.
JU-Di'ClOUS-LY, adv. With good judgment ; with dis-
cretion or wisdom ; skillfully.
JU-Di"CIOUS-NESS, 71. The quality of acting or being ac-
cording to sound judgment.
JUG, n. [D. jugge.] A vessel, usually earthen, with a
sweUing belly and narrow mouth, used for holding li-
quoi"s.
JUG, V. i. To emit or pour forth a particular sound, as
birds.
JUG, V. t. To call or bring together by a particular sound.
JUG'GLE, v.i. [D. gziichelen, OT goochelcn ; It. giocolare.]
1. To play tricks by slight of hand ; to amuse and make
sport by tricks, which make a false show of extraordinary
pov.'ers. 2. To practice artifice or imposture.
JUGGLE, V. t. To deceive by trick or artifice.
JUG'GLE, n. 1. A trick by legerdemain. 2. An impos-
ture ; a deception. Tillotson.
JUG'GLER, n. [Sp. juglar ; Fr. jongleur.] 1. One who
practices or exhibits tricks by slight of hand ; one who
makes sport by tricks of extraordinary dexterity. 2. A
cheat ; a deceiver ; a triokish fellow. Shak.
JUG GLING, ppr. Playing tricks by slight of hand ; de-
ceiving.
JUG'GLING, n. The act or practice of exhibiting tricks of
legerdemain.
JUG'GLING-LY, adv. In a deceptive manner.
JU'GU-LAR, a. ['L.jugulum.] Pertaining to the neck or
Jthroat ; as the jugular vein.
Ju'GU-LAR, n. A large vein of the neck.
JUICE, ^ .. - ( 71. [B.juys; Ft. jus.] The sap of vege-
JUSE, \ ^^^^^> ( tables ; the fluid part of animal sub-
stances.
JuICE, V. t. To moisten.
JuICE'LESS, (juse'les) a. Destitute of juice j dry ; with-
out moisture. More.
JuI'CI-NESS, (ju'se-nes) n. The state of abounding witli
juice ; succulence in plants.
JuI'CY, (ju'sy) a. Abounding with juice ; moist ; succu-
lent. Bacon.
f JUISE, 71. [L.JMS.] Judgment ; justice. Goicer,
Js'jUBE i "• "^^^ i^ame of a plant and of its fruit.
tJUKE, 't;. z. [Fi.jucher.] To perch.
Ju'LEP, 71. [Ft. julep,] In pharmacy, a medicine serving
as a vehicle to other forms of medicine.
JtJ'LI-AN, a. Noting the old account of the year, as regu-
lated by Julius Cesar.
Ju'LI-AN ALPS, called, also, Carnian, between Venetia
and Noricum. D'Anville.
Ju'LIS, 71. A small fish with a green back.
JtJ'LUS, 71. [Gr. jouXoff.] 1. In botany, a catkin or ament,
a species of calyx or inflorescence. 2. A genus of multi-
pedjnsects.
JU-Ly', 71. The seventh month of the year, so called from
JjlUus, the surname of Caius Cesar, who was born in this
month. Before that time, this month was called Qidntilis,
or the fifth month from March.
JU-LY'-FLOW-ER, 71. The name of certain species of
plants.
JtJ'MART, 71. [Fr.] The offspring of a bull and a mare.
JUM'ELE, v. t. [Chaucer, jombre.] To mix in a confused
mass ; to put or throw together without order.
JUM'BLE, v.i. To meet, mix or unite in a confused man-
ner. Swift.
JUM'BLE, 71. Confused mixture, mass or collection without
order. Sicift.
JUM'BLED, pp. Mixed or collected in a confused mass.
t JUM'BLE-MENT, n. Confused mixture.
JUM'BLER, 71. One who mixes things in confusion.
JUM'BLING, ppr. Putting or mixing in a confused mass.
t JU'MENT, 71. [Fr. ; IL. jumentinn.] A beast of burden.
JUMP, v.i. 1. To leap ; to skip ; to sprmg. 2. To spring
over any thing ; to pass to at a leap. 3. To bound ; to
pass from object to object ; to jolt. 4. To agree ; to tally
to coincide.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
JUS
4716
JUT
JUMP, V. t. To pass by a leap j to pass over eagerly or
hastily.
JUMP, n. 1. The act of jumping j a leap j a spring ; a
bound. 2. A lucky chance. Shak.
JUMP, n. [Fr.jwpe; It. giubba.] A kind of loose or limber
stays or waistcoat, worn by females.
t JI'MP, adv. Exactly; nicely. Hooker.
JU.vIP'PR, n. One who jumps.
JUMP'ING, ppr. Leaping; springing; bounding.
JUN€'ATE, n. [It. giuncata.] 1. A cheese-cake ; a kind
of sweetmeat of curds and sugar. 2. Any kind of deli-
cate food. 3. A furtive or private entertainment ; [it is
now wiitten junket.]
JUNCOUS, a. [L.Junceus, oi juncosiis.] Full of bulrushes.
JUN€'TION, n. [Fr.; Ij. junctio.] 1. Tlie act or operation
of joining. 2. Union ; coalition ; combination. 3. The
place or point of union.
JUNeT'URE, n. [L. junctU7-a.] 1. A joining ; union;
amity. 2. A union of two bodies ; a seam ; particularly,
a joint or articulation. 3. The line or point at which two
bodies are joined. 4. A point of time ; particularly, a
point rendered critical or important by a concurrence of
circumstances.
JUNE, n. [L.Junius; Fr. juin.] The sixth month of the
year, when the sun enters the sign Cancer.
JUN'GLE, n. [Hindoo.] In Hindostan, a thick wood of
small trees or shrubs. Asiat. Res.
JUN'GIiY, a. Consisting of jungles ; abounding with jun-
gles. Asiat. Res.
* Ju'NI-OR, a. [L.] Younger ; not as old as another.
* JtJ'NI-OR, n. A person younger than another-
JU-NI-OR'I-TY, n. The state of being junior. Bullokar.
JtJ'NI-PER, 71, [L. juniperus.] A tree or shrub bearing ber-
ries of a bluish color.
JUNK, 71. [Ij.juncus.] 1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage,
used for making points, gaskets, mats, &c., and, when
untwisted and picked to pieces, it forms oakum for filling
the seams of ships. 2. A small ship used in China; a
CJiinese vessel ; [an eastern word.]
JUNK'ET, n. [See Juncate.] 1. A sweetmeat. Shak. 2.
A stolen entertainment.
JUNK'ET, V. i. I. To feast in secret ; to make an enter-
tainment by stealth. Swift. 2. To feast.
JUN'TO, 71. [Sp. junta ; It. giunto.] A cabal ; a meeting or
collection of men combined for secret deliberation and
intrigue for party purposes ; a faction.
JU'PI-TER, 71. [L.] 1. The supreme deity among the
Greeks and Romans. 2. One of the superior planets, re-
markable for its brightness.
JUP-PON', 71. [Fr. juyon.] A short close coat.
Ju'RAT, 7?. [Fr.J Iu\K7io-Za7id, a magistrate in some corpo-
rations ; an alderman, or an assistant to a bailiff.
JtJ'RA-TO-RY, a. [Fr.juratoire.] Comprising an oath.
JU-RID'I-€AL, a. [L. juridicus.] 1. Acting in the distribu-
tion of justice ; pertaining to a judge. 2. Used in courts
of law or tribunals of justice.
JU-RID'I-€AL-Li^, adv. According to forms of law, or pro-
ceedings in tribunals of justice ; with legal authority.
JU-RIS-CON'SULT, n. L. juris consultus.] Among the
Romans, a man learned in the law ; a counselor at law ;
a master of Roman jurisprudence.
JU-RIS-Die-TION, 7i. [Fr. iL-jmisdictio.] 1. The legal
power or authorit}' of doing justice in cases of complaint ;
the power of executing the laws and distributing justice.
2. Power of governing or legislating. 3. The power or
right of exercising authority. 4. The limit within which
power may be exercised.
JU-RIS-DI€'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to jurisdiction.
JU-RIS-DI€'TIVE, a. Having jurisdiction. Milton.
JU-RIS-PRU'DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. jmispnidentia.] The
science of law ; the knowledge of the laws, customs and
rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the
due administration of justice.
JU-RIS-PRU'DENT, a. Understanding law. West.
JU-RIS-PRU-DEN'TIAL, a. Pertaining to jurisprudence.
Ju'RIST, n. [Fr. juriste.] 1. A man who professes the
science of law ; one versed in the law, or, rnore particu-
larly, in the civil law ; a civilian. 2. One versed in the
law of nations, or who writes on the subject.
Ju'ROR, 71. [IL. jurator.} One that serves on a jury.
JU'RY, /I. [Fr. jure.] A number of freeholders, selected in
the manner prescribed by law, empanneled and sworn to
inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to declare the
truth Oil the evidence given them in the case.
JD'RY-MAN, n. One who is empanneled on a jury, or who
serves as a juror.
Ju'RY-MS-ST, 71. A mast erected in a ship to supply the
place of one carried away in a tempest or an engage-
men*, &c.
JUST a. [Fr. juste; h.justv^.] 1. Regular ; orderly; due;
suitable, 2. Exactly proportioned ; proper. 3. Full ;
complete tr the common standard. 4. Full ; true ; a
sense allien, to the preceding, or the same. — 5, In a moral
senje, upright ; honest ; Tiaving principles of rectitude ;
or conforming exactly to the laws, and to principles of
rectitude in social conduct ; equitable in the distribution
of justice, — 6. In an evangelical sense, righteous ; reli-
gious; influenced by a regard to the laws of God. 7.
Conformed to rules of justice ; doing equal justice. 8
Conformed to truth ; exact ; proper ; accurate. 9. True ;
founded in truth and fact. 10, Innocent ; blameless ;
without guilt. 11. Equitable ; due ; merited, 12. True
to promises ; faithful. 13, Impartial ; allowing what is
due ; giving fair representation of character, merit or de-
merit,
JUST, adv. 1. Close or closely ; near or neaily, in place.
2, Near or nearly, in time ; almost. 3, Exactly ; nicely ;
accurately. 4. Merely ; barely ; exactly. 5, Nar-
rowly,
JUST, 71, [Fr. jouste, now joute ; Sp.justa.] A mock en-
counter on horseback ; a combat for sport or for exercise,
in which the combatants pushed with lances and swords,
man to man, in mock fight ; a tilt ; one of the exercises
at tournaments,
JUST, v.i. [Fr. jouter; Sp.ju^star.] 1, To engage in mock
fight on horseback, 2. To push ; to drive ; to justle,
JUST'ICE, n. [Fr, ; Sp.justicia; It. justitia.] 1, The virtue
which consists in giving to every one what is his due ;
practical conformity to the laws and to principles of recti-
tude in the dealings of men with each other ; honesty ;
integrity in commerce or mutual intercourse. 2, Impar-
tiality ; equal distribution of right in expressing opinions ;
fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit.
3. Equity ; agreeableness to right, 4, Vindictive retribu-
tion ; merited punishment. 5, Right ; application of
equity, — 6, [Low !>. justiciarius.] A person commission-
ed to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and
administer justice to individuals.
JUSTICE, v.t. To administer justice. [L. u.] Bacon.
JUST'ICE- A-BLE, a. Liable to account in a court of just-
ice, [Little used.] Hayward.
t JUST'JCE-MENT, n. Procedure in courts.
JUST'I-CER, n. An administrator of justice. [Little used.]
Bp. Hall.
JUST'iCE-SHIP, 71, Theofficeor dignity of a justice,
JUS-Ti"CIA-BLE, a. Proper to be examined in courts of
justice,
JUS-Tl"CIA-RY, or JUS-TI"CIAR, n. [L, Hsticiarius.]
1, An administrator of justice, 2. A chief justice. 3,
One that boasts of the justice of his own act ; [not used.]
JUST'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be proved to be just ; that
may be vindicated on principles of law, reason, rectitude
or propriety ; defensible ; vindicable,
JUST'I-Fl-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being justifi-
able ; rectitude ; possibility of being vindicated.
JUST'I-Fl-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of vindi-
cation or justification ; rightly,
JUST-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1, The act of justifying ; a
showing to be just or conformable to law, rectitude or
propriety ; vindication ; defense. 2. Absolution. — 3, In
law, the showing of a sufficient reason in court, why a
defendant did what he is called to answer, — 4. In theol-
ogy, remission of sin and absolution from guilt and pun-
ishment,
JUS-TIF'I-€A-TlVE, a. Justifymg ; that has power to
justify.
JUS-TI-FI-€a'TOR, n. One who justifies, [Little used.]
JUS-TIF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Vindicatory ; defensory, John-
SOJl.
JUST'I-Fl-ER, n. 1. One who justifies; one who vindi-
cates, supports or defends. 2. He who pardons and ab
solves from guilt and punishment.
JUST'I-Fy, V. t. [Fr. justifier.] 1. To prove or show to be
just, or conformable to law, right, justice, propriety or
duty ; to defend or maintain ; to vindicate as right. — 2,
In theology, to pardon and clear from guilt, 3, To cause
another to appear comparatively righteous, or less guilty
than one's self. 4, To judge rightly of. 5. To accept as
just andtreat with favor.
JUST'1-FY, v. i. In printing, to agree ; to suit ; to conform
exactly ; to form an even surface or true line with some-
thing else,
JUS'TLE, (jus'sl) V. i. [See Jostle.] To run against ; to
encounter ; to strike against ; to clash.
JUS'TLE, (jus'sl) v. t. To push ; to drive ; to force by rush-
ing against,
JUST'LING, 71, Shock ; the act of rushing against each
other.
JUST'LY, adv. 1. In conformity to law, justice or propri-
ety ; by right. 2, According to truth and facts. 3, Hon-
estly ; fairly ; with integrity. 4, Properly ; accurately ;
exactly.
JUST'NESS, 71, 1. Accuracy; exactness, 2. Conformity
to truth. 3, Justice ; reasonableness ; equity,
JUT, v.i. [a different spelling of jet.] To shoot forward ;
to project beyond the main body.
JUT, n. A shooting forward ; a projection.
JUT'TING, ppr. Shooting out ; projecting.
* See Synopsis A, K, I, O, U, Y, long.—F\n, FALL, WHAT 5— PREY •,— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
KEE
477
KEE
f JUT'TYjW t To jut Skak.
JUT'TY, n. A project! m in a building ; also, a pier or mole.
jUT'-WIN-DoW, n. A window that projects from the line
of a building.
Ju'VE-NiLE, a. [L. juvenilis.] 1. Young ; youthful ; as,
juvenile years or age 2. Pertaining or suited to youth ;
as, juvenile spopts.
JU-VE-NIL'I-TY ju L Youthfulness ; youthful age- 2.
Light and careless manner j the manners m customs of
youth.
JUX-TA-POS'I-TED, a. [L. juxta, ard posited.} Placed
near ; adjacent or contiguous. Macquer.
JUX-TA-PO-Si"TION- n. [L. juxta^ emd position.] Apia
cing or being placed in nearness or contiguity j as the
parts of a substance or of a composition.
J^'MOLD. SeeGiMHAL.
K
17" the eleventh letter of the English Alphabet, is borrow-
•■^•j ed from the Greeks, being the same character as the
Greek kappa, answering to the oriental kaph. It repre-
sents a close articulation, formed by pressing the root of
the tongue against the upper part of the mouth, with a de-
pression of the lower jaw and opening of the teeth. It is
usually denominated a guttural, but is more properly a
palatal. Before all the vowels it has one invariable sound,
corresponding with that of c before a, o and u, as in keel,
ken. K is silent before n, as in knom, knife, knee.
As a numeral, K stands for 250 ; and, with a stroke over it,
thus, K, for 250,000.
KAALING, n. A bird, a species of starling.
KAB'BOS, n. A fish of a brown color, without scales.
KALE, n. [L. caulis.] Sea-cale, an esculent plant.
KA-LET'DO-S€OPE, n. [Gr. KaXog, eiSos, and crKoveo).] An
optical instrument, invented by Dr. Brewster, for the pur-
pose of creating and exhibiting a variety of beautiful colors
and perfectly symmetrical forms. JVew Ed. Enc.
KAL'EN-DAR. See Calendar.
KAL'EN-DER, n. A sort of dervise.
Ka'LI) 71. A plant, a species of salsola, or glass-wort, the
ashes of which are used in making glass. Hence allMli,
which see.
Ka'LIF. See Calif.
KAL-LIG'RA-Pm\ See Calligraphy.
KAL'MI-A, 71. The name of a genus of evergreen shrubs,
natives of North America, called laurel.
KAL'O-YER, n. A monk of the Greek church. See Calo-
YER.
t KAM, a. [W. cam.] Crooked. Shak.
KAN, KAUN, or KHAN, n. In Persia, an officer answer-
ing to a governor in Europe or America. — Among the
Tartars, a chief or prince. See Khan.
KAN-GA-ROO', n. A singular animal found in New Hol-
land, resembling, in some respects, the opossum.
Ka'O-LIN, 71. A species of earth or variety of clay.
KAR'A-GANE, 71. A species of gray fox. Tooke.
KARPH'0-LlTE, n. [Gr. Kap^os and Xi0of.] A mineral.
Ka'TA, 71. In Syria, a fowl of the grous kind.
KAW, v. i. [from the sound.] To cry as a raven, crow or
rook. Locke.
KAW, 71. The cry of the raven, crow or rook. Dryden.
KAWN, n. In Turkey, a public inn.
KaYLE, n. [Fr. quille.] 1 A nine-pin, a kettle-pin j some-
times written keel. 2. \ kind of play, in Scotland, in
which nine holes, rarged in threes, are made in the
ground, and an iron ba.! rolled in among them.
KAZ'ARD-LY, a. Unlucky ; liable to accident. JVcrth of
Encr.
KECK, V. i. [G. koken.] To heave the stomach ; to reach,
as in an effort to vomit. [Little used.] Swift.
KECK, n. A reaching or heaving of the stomach.
KECK'ER, 71. The gullet ; a provincial term in England,
KEC'KLE, V. t. To wind old rope round a cable to preserve
its surface from being fretted, or to wind iron chains
round a cable to defend it from the friction of a rocky bot-
tom or from the ice.
KECK'SY, (commonly pronounced kex) n. [qu. Fr. cigue.]
H'emloc j a hollow jointed plant. Shak.
KECK'Y, a. 1. Resembling a kex. 2. n. An Ind'an
sceptre.
KEDGE, n. A small anchor, used to keep a ship steady
when riding in a harbor or river.
KEDGE, V. t. To warp, as a ship ; to move by means of a
kedge, as in a river.
KEDGE, or KEDG'Y, a. Brisk; lively. Ray. Suffolk in
England.
KEDG'ER, n. [from kedge.] I. A smaU anchor used in a
river. 2. A fish-man. Grose.
KED'LACK, n. A weed that grows among wheat and rye :
charlock. Tusser.
KEE,n.iplu.otCovT. [Local in England.] Oay.
t KEECH, n. A mass or lump. Percy.
KEEK, -u. i. To peep ; to look pryingly. Brockett.
KEEL, n. [Sax. cwle ; G. and D. kiel.] 1. The principal
timber in a ship, extending from stem to stem at the bot-
tom, and supporting the whole frame. 2. A low, flat-bot-
tomed vessel, used in the river Tyne, to convey coals
from Newcastle fur loading the colliers.— 3 In botany^
the lower petal of a papilionaceous corol, inclosing the sta-
mens and pistil. — On an even keel, in a level or horizontal
position.
fKEEL, t;. i. [Sax. ccelan.] To cool. Oower.
KEEL, V. t. 1. To plough with a keel ; to navigate. J.
Barlow. 2. To turn up the keel ; to show the bottom
Shale— To keel the pot, in Ireland, to scum it. Shak.
KEEL' AGE, n. Duty paid for a ship entering at Hartle-
pool, Eng.
KEELED, a. In botany, carinated ; having a longitudinal
prominence on the back. Martyn.
KEEL'ER, or KEEL'MAN, n. One who works in the
management of barges or vessels : the old word is heeler ,
the modern, keelman. — Keeler. a shallow tub. Ray.
t KEEL'FAT, n. [Sax. ccelan, and fat.] A cooler ; a vessel
in which liquor is set for cooling.
KEEL'HAUL, v. t. [D. kielhaalen.] To haul under th«
keel of a ship. Keelhauling is a punishment inflicted in
the Dutch navy for certain offenses.
KEEL'ING, 71. A kind of small cod, of which stock fish i»
made.
*KEEL'SON, (kel'sun) n. A piece of timber in a ship, lai»'
on the middle of tlie floor-timbers over the keel, fastened*
with long bolts and clinched.
KEEN, a. [Sax. cene ; D. koen.] 1. Eager ; vehement
2. Eager ; sharp. 3. Sharp ; having a very fine edge
4. Piercing; penetrating; severe; applied to cold or t
wind. 5. Bitter ; piercing ; acrimonious.
KEEN, r. t. To sharpen. [Unusual.] Thomson,
KEEN'LY, adv. 1. Eagerly; vehemently. 2. Sharply
S3verely ; bitterly.
KEEN'NESS, n. 1. Eagerness; vehemence. 2. Sharp
ness ; fineness of edge. 3. The quality of piercing ; rigor
sharpness. 4. Asperity ; acrimony ; bitterness. 5. Acute
ness; sharpness.
KEEP, V. t. ; pret. and pp. kept. [Sax. cepan.] 1. To hold
to retain in one's power or possession ; not to lose or part
with. 2. To have in custody for security or preservation
3. To preserve ; to retain. 4. To preserve from falling
or from danger ; to protect ; to guard or sustain. 5. Tc
hold or restrain from departure ; to detain. 6. To tend
to have the care of. 7. To tend ; to feed ; to pasture. 8
To preserve in any tenor or state. 9. To regard ; to at
tend to. 10. To hold in any state. 11. To continue any
state, course or action. 12. To practice ; to do or per
form ; to obey ; to observe in practice ; not to neglect o.
violate. 13. To fulfill ; to perforrh. 14. To practice ; to
use habitually. 15. To copy carefullj'. 16. To observe
or solemnize. 17. To board ; to maintain ; to supply'
with necessaries of life. 18. To have in the house; to
entertain. 19. To maintain ; not to intermit. 20. To
hold in one's own bosom ; to confire to one's own knowl-
edge; not to disclose or communicate to others; not to
betray. 21. To have in pay.
To keep back. 1. To reserve ; to withhold; not to disclose
or communicate. 2. To restrain ; to prevent from advan-
cing. 3. To reserve; to withhold; not to deliver. — To
keep company with. 1. To frequent the society of; to as-
sociate with. 2. To accompany; to go with— ro keep
doicTi, to prevent from rising; not to lift or suffer to be
raised. — To keep in. 1, To prevent from escape ; to hold
in confinement. 2. To conceal ; not to tell or disclose
3. To restrain ; to curb. — To keep off, to hinder from ap
proach or attack. — To keep under, to restrain ; to hold in
subjection. — To keep up. 1. To maintain; to prevent
from falling or diminution. 2. To maintain ; to continue ;
to hinder from ceasing. — To keep out, to hinder from en-
tering or taking possession. — To keep bed, to remain in
bed without rising ; to be confined to one's bed — To keep
house, 1. To maintain a family state. 2. To remain in
the house ; to be confined. — To keep from, to restrain ; to
prevent approach. — To keep a school, to maintain or sup-
port it ; TnoT-e properly, to govern and instruct or teach a
school , as a preceptor.
KEEP, V. i. 1. To remain in any state. 2. To last ; to en-
• See Syn^vsL^ M<5VE BO^K D6YE ;— BiJLL UNITE.-C as K } G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
KER
478
KIC
dure ; not to perish or be impaired. 3. To lodge ; to
dwell J to resiie for a time. — To keep to, to adhere strict-
ly ; not to negl&^t or deviate from.— To keep on, to go for-
ward ; to proceed; to continue to advance. — To keep up,
to remain unsubdued ; or not to be confined to one's bed.
— In popular language, this word signifies to continue ;
to repeat continually ; not to cease.
KEEP, n. 1. Custody ; guard ; [little -used.'] 2. Colloqui-
ally, case; condition. 3. Guardianship ; restraint : [little
used.^ 4. A place of confinement; in old castles, the
dnngeon.
KEEFER, 71. 1. One who keeps ; one that holds or has
posse^on of any thing. 2. One who retains in custody ;
has the care of a prison and the custody of pris-
One who has the care of a park or other indo-
le custody of beasts. 4. One who has the care,
superintendence of any thing.
(HIP, 7i. The office of a keeper. [L.u.'\ Carew.
^ppr. Holding; restraining; preserving: guard-
ing : pt^ifecting ; performing.
KEEP'UvTg, n. 1. A holding; restraint; custody; guard;
preservation. 2. Feed ; fodder. — 3. In painting, a repre-
sentation of objects in the manner they ap,>ear to the eye
at different distances from it, hence just proportion.
KEEP'ING-ROOM, n. A parlor; a provincial term of J^ew
England.' Pick. Vocah.
KEEP'SAEIE, n. Any thing kept or given to be kept for
the sake of the giver ; a token of friendship.
KEEVE, n. 1; A large vessel to ferment liquors in. Grose.
2. A large tub or vessel used in brewing ; a mashing-tub.
KEEVE, V. t. 1. To put the wort in a keeve for some time
to ferment. 2. To overturn or lift up a cart, so as to un-
load it all at once. Ray.
KEFFE'KILL, n. A stone, white or yellow, which hardens
in the fire, and of which Turkey pipes are made.
KEG, 71. [Fr. cfflgue.] A small cask or barrel ; written more
correctly cag.
KELK, 71. 1. A blow. 2. Large detached stones. Craven
dialect.
KELK, V. t. To beat heartily. Brockett.
iiELL, n. A sort of pottage. Ainsworth.
ICELL, 77. 1. The caul or omentum. [See Caul.] 2. The
chrysalis of the caterpillar. B. Jonson.
KELP, 71. [Ar. and Pers.J The calcined ashes of sea-weed,
used in the manufacture of glass.
KELP'Y, 71. An imaginary spirit of the waters, in the form
of a horse. [Local and vulgar."]
KEL'SON. See Keelson.
KELT'ER, n. [Dan. kilter.] The phrase he is not in kelter
signifies, he is not in a proper dress or equipage, or nrt in
readiness.
t KEMB, V. t, [Sax. cemban.] To comb, which see.
t KEM'E-LIN, 71. A tub ; a brewer's vessel. Chaucer.
KEN, V. t. [VV. ceniaw ; G. kennen ; D. kennen ; Sax. con-
nan, cunnan ; Goth, kunnan.] 1. To see at a distance;
to descry. 2. To know ; to understand ; [obs.] Sliak.
KEN, V. i. To look round. Burton.
KEN, 71. View; reach of sight. Dryden.
KEN'DAL-GREEN, n. A species of green cloth ; made at
Kendal, SJiak.
KEN'MARKED, or KEN'SPECKED, part. a. Marked or
branded so as to be known ; blemished. Grose. JYorth of
Eng.
KEN'NEL, 77. [Fr. chenil ,• It. canile.] 1. A house or cot
for dogs, or for a pack of hounds. 2. A pack of hounds
or their cry. 3. The hole of a fox or other beast ; a haunt.
KEN'NEL, 71. [It. canale ; Fr. canal.] 1. The water-
course of a street ; a little canal or channel. 2. A puddle.
KEN'NEL, V. i. To lodge ; to lie ; to dwell ; as a dog or a
fox.
KEN'NEL, V. t. To keep or confine in a kennel. Tatler.
KEN'NEL €oAL. See Cannel Coal.
KEN'NING, 71. View ; sight. Bacon.
KEN'TLE, 77. [W. cant ; L. centum.] In commerce, a hun-
dred pounds m weight. [It is written and pronounced,
also, quintal.]
KENT'LEDGE, 71. In seamen^s language, pigs of iron for
ballast, laid on the floor of a ship. Mar. Diet.
KEP, V. t. To catch. Grose.
KEPT, pret. and pp. of keep.
KERB'-STONE, KiRB'-STONE. See Curb-stone.
KER'CHlEF, 71. [contracted from cover-chief; Fr. couvrir
and chef . Chaucer.] 1. A head-dress; a cloth to cover
the head. 2. A cloth used in dress.
KER'CHIEFT^' | '^- Pressed; hooded; covered. Milton.
KERF, n. [Sax.C7/r/,- D. kerf.] The cut of an axe, a saw, or
other instrument ; the notch or slit made in wood by cut-
ting.
KERM'ES, n. In zoology, an insect produced in the excres-
cences of a species of small oak, or the body of an insect
transformed into a grain, berry, or husk. This body is
full of reddish juice, which is used in dyhig red.
KERM'ES-MIN'ER-AL, 7i. A mineral substance.
KERN, n. 1. An Irish footman or foot-soldier. Spenser. 2.
In English laws, an idle person or vagabond. Encyc.
KERN, 77. I. A hand-mill consisting of two stones, one of
which is turned by the hand; usually written quern,
which see. 2. A churn ; [obs.]
KERN, V. i. [G. and D. kern.] I. To harden, as corn in
ripening^ 2. To take the form of corns ; to granulate.
KERN'-Ba-BY, 77. [corn-baby.] An image dressed with
corn, and carried before reapers to their harvest-home.
KERN'EL, n. [Sax. C7jrnel ; G. and D. kern.] 1. The edi-
ble substance contained in the shell of a nut. 2. Any
thing included in a shell, husk or integument; a grain or
corn. 3. The seed of pulpy fruit. 4. The central part
of any thing; a small mass around which other matter is
concreted ; a nucleus. 5. A hard concretion in the flesh.
KERN'EL, V. i. To harden or ripen into kernels, as the
seeds of plants.
KERA^'EL-LY, a. Full of kernels; resembling kernels.
KERN'EL-VVoRT, 7i. An herb. Ainsworth.
KEPt'SEY, 77. [D. keriaai.] A species of coarse woolen
cloth.
tKERVE, V. t. To carve.
t KERV'ER, 71. A carver.
JKE'SAR, 7(. [from Cesar.] An emperor. Spenser.
KES'LOP, n. The stomach of a calf prepared for rennet,
the substance used in curdling milk. Grose.
fKEST. The preter tense of ca*-:. Spenser.
KES'TREL, 77. A fowl of the genus falco, or hawk kind.
tKES'TREL, a. Like a kestrel ; base.
KET, n. Carrion ; any sort of filth. Brockett.
KETCH, 77. [Fr. qaaiche ; G. and D. kits.] A vessel with
two masts, a main and mizzen-mast.
KETCH'UP, 77. A sauce. See Catchup.
KET'TLE, 77. [Sax. cetl, cetel, or cytel ; D. Jcetel.] A vessel
of uon or other metal, with a wide mouth, usually with-
out a cover, used for heating and bnUing water or other
liquor.
KET'TLE-DRUM, n. An instrument of martial music.
KET'TLE-DRUJM'MER, 77. The man who beats the kettle-
drum.
KET TLE-PINS, n. Nine-pins ; skittles.
KET'TY, a. Filthy ; dirty ; worthless, Grose.
KEV'EL, 7!. In ships, a piece of timber serving to belay the
sheets or great ropes by which the bottoms of the foresail
and mainsail are extended.
KEX, 77. Hemloc; the stem of the teasel ; a dry stalk. Sec
Kecksy.
Key, (ke) n. [Sax. cwg.] 1. In a general sense, a fastener ;
that which fastens. 2. An instrument for shutting or
opening a lock. 3. An instrument ly which something
is screwed or turned, 4. The stone which binds an arch.
[See Keystone.] 5. In an organ or harpsichord, the key,
or finger key, is a little lever or piece in the fore part, by
which the instrument is played on by the fingers, — 6, In
imisic, the key, or key note, is the fundamental note or
tone, to which the whole piece is accommodated, 7. An
index, or that which serves to explain a cipher, 8. That
which serves to explain any thing difficult to be under-
stood. — 9. In the Romish church, ecclesiastical jurisdic-
tion, or the power of the pope. 10. A ledge or lay of
rocks near tlie surface of the water. 11. The husk con-
taining the seed of an ash.
Key, (kg) n. [Ir. ceigh ; G. kai ; Fr. quai.] A bank or
wharf buiit on the side of a river or harbor, for the con-
venience of loading and unloading ships, and securing
tliem in their stations. It is sometimes written quay.
KeY'A6E, n. Money paid for the use of a key or quay.
jKeY'-CoLD, a. Lifeless.
t KeY'-CoLD-NESS, 77. Want of animation or activity.
KeY'ED, a. I. Furnished with keys. 2. Set to a key, as
a tune.
KeY'HOLE, 72. A hole or aperture in a door or lock, for re-
ceiving a key.
KeYiSTONE, 77. The stone on the top or middle of an arch
or vault, which, being wider at the top than at the bot-
tom, enters like a wedge and binds the work ; properly,
the fastening- stone.
KHAN, (kawn) 77. 1. In Asia, a governor; a king; a
prince ; a chief. 2. An inn.
KHAN' ATE, (kawn'ate) n. The dominion or jurisdiction
of a khan. Tooke.
KIBE, 77. A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by cold ;
an ulcerated chilblain ; as in the heels.
KiBED, a. Chapped ; cracked with cold ; affected with
chilblains. Darizin.
Ki'BY, a. Affected with kibes.
KICK, V. t. [W. ciciaw.] To strike with the foot
KICK, V. i. I. To practice striking with the foot or feet.
2. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence, either in
wantonness, resistance, anger or contempt ; to manifest
opposition.
KICK, 77. A blow with the foot or feet ; a striking or thrust
of the foot.
KICKED, (kikt) pp. Struck with the foot or teet.
See Synopsis. A, E, I^ 5, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
KIN
479
KIN
KieK'BR, n. One that kicks.
K1€K'ING, ppr. Striking with the foot ; thrusting out the
foot with violence.
KieK'ING, 71. The act of striking with the foot, or of yerk-
ing the foot with violence.
KI€K'SEY-WieK'SEy, n. [from kick and wince.] A made
word in ridicule and disdain of a wife.
KI€K'SHAW, n. [corrupted from Fr. quelque chose.] 1.
Something fantastical or uncommon, or something that
has no particular name. 2. A dish so changed bv cook-
ing that it can scarcely be known.
t KI€K'SH5E, n. A dancer, in contempt ; a caperer ; a buf-
foon.
KID, n. [Dan. kid ; Sw. kid, kidlim.] 1. A young goat.
2. A fagot ; a bundle of heath and furze.
KID, V. t. or i. 1. To bring forth a young goat. 2. To
make into a bundle, as fagots.
f KID, V. t. [Sax. cythan.] To show, discover or make
known. Qower.
KID'DED, a. Fallen as a young kid, Cotgrave.
KID'DER, 71. [Sw. kyta.] An engrosser of corn, or one who
carries corn, provisions and merchandise about the coun-
try for sale.
KID'DLE, 71. A kind of wear in a river for catching fish ;
corruptly pronounced kittle. Mag. Charta.
KID'DoW, n. A web-footed fowl, called also guillemot,
sea-hen, or skout. Chambers.
KID'LING, n. [Sw.] A young kid. Browne.
KID'NAP, V. t. [G. kinderdieb.] To steal a human being,
man, woman or child ; or to seize and forcibly carry
away any person whatever from his own country or state
into another.
KID'NAPPED, pp. Stolen or forcibly carried away, as a
human being.
KID'NAP-PER, 71. One who steals or forcibly carries away
a human being ; a man-stealer.
KID'NAP-PING, ppr. Stealing or forcibly carrying away
human beings.
KID'NAP-PING, n. The act of stealing, or forcible ab-
duction of a human being from his own country or state.
KID'NEY, n. I. The kidneys are two oblong flattened
bodies, extending from the eleventh and twelfth ribs to
the fourth lumbar vertebra, behind the intestines. 2.
Sort ; kind ; [a ludicrous use of the word.] 3. A cant
term for a waiting servant.
KID'NEY-BeAN, 71. A sort of bean.
KID'NEY-FORM, ) a. Having the form or shape of a
KID'NEY-SHaPED, \ kidney. Eirwan.
KID'NEY-VETCH, n. A plant of the genus anthvllis.
KID'NEY-WoRT, 71. A plant of the geius saxifraga.
t KIE, n. Kine. See also Kee and Ky.
KIF-FE'KILL, or KEF-FE'KILL, n. A mineral, the
meerschaum, which see. See, also, Keffekill.
KIL, n. A Dutch word, signifying a channel or bed of a
river, ahd, hence, a stream,
KILDER-KIN, n. [qu. D. kinderkin.] A small barrel.
KILL, v.t. [Sax. cwellan.] 1. To deprive of life, animal
or vegetable, in any manner or by any means. 2. To
butcher J to slaughter for food. 3. To quell 3 to appease 3
to calm 5 to still.
KIL'LAS, n. An argillaceous stone.
KILL'DEE, n, A small bird in America, so called from its
voice or note ; a species of plover.
KILLED, pp. Deprived of life 5 quelled 5 calmed.
KILL'ER, n. One who deprives of life 3 he or that which
kills.
KILL'ING, ppr. Depriving of life ; quelling.
KIL'LI-NITE, 71. A mineral. Taylor.
KIL'LoW, n. An earth of a blackish color.
KILN, (kil) n. [Sax. cyln.] 1. A large stove or oven ; a
fabric of brick or stone which may be heated for the
purpose of hardening, burning or drying any thing.
2. A pile of brick constructed for burning or harden-
ing.
KILN'-DRlED, pp. Dried in a kiln.
KtLN'-DRY, (kil-dri) v. t. To dry in a kiln.
KlLN'-DRf-ING, ppr. Drying in a kiln.
KIL'0-GRAM, n. [Fr, kilogramme.] In the new system of
French weights and measures, a thousand grams.
KIL'0-LIT-ER, n. [Fr. kilolitre.] In the new French meas-
ures, a thousand liters.
KI-LOM'E-TRE, 71. [Fr. kilometre.] In the French system
of measures, a thousand metres.
KILT, 71. A kind of short petticoat worn by the highlanders
of Scotland,
t KILT, pp. Killed.
KILT, V. t. To tuck up 3 to truss up the clothes. Brockett.
KTM'BO, ) a. [Celtic, cam.] Crooked 3 arched 5 bent
KIM'BoW, \ To set the arms a kimbo, is to set the hands
on the hips, with the elbows projecting outward.
KIN, V. [Sax. cyn, cynn, or cind ; Ir. cine ; G. kind ; D. kind.]
1. Relation, properly by consanguinity or blood, 2. Rela-
tives 3 kindred ; persons of the same race. 3. A relation ;
a relative-. 4. The same generical class 5 a thing related.
5, As a termination, khi is used as a diminutive, denoting
small, from the sense of child ; as in manikin,
KIN, a. Of the same nature 5 kindred 3 congenial.
KIN' ATE, 71. A salt formed by the union of kinic acid with
a base. Ure.
*KINDj n. [Sax. cyn, or cynn. See Kin.] I. Race 5 genus 3
generic class. 2. Sort, in a sense more loose than genus.
3. Particular nature, 4, Natural state 3 produce or com-
modity, as distinguished from money. 5. Nature 3 natu-
ral propensity or determination. 6. Manner 3 way. 7.
Sort 3 as, he spoke with a kind of scorn or contempt.
*KlND, a. rw. and Arm, cun.] 1. Disposed to do good to
others, and to make them happy by granting their re
quests, supplying their wants or assisting them in dis
tress 3 having tenderness or goodness of natm-e 3 beiievo
lent 3 benignant. 2. Proceeding from tenderness or good
ness of heart 3 benevolent.
fKIND'ED, a. Begotten. [See Kin.] Spenser-. .
KiND-HEART'ED, a. [kind and heart.] Having great be-
nevolence.
KIN'DLE, V. t. [W. cynneu.] 1, To set on fire 5 to cause
to burn with flame 3 to light. 2. To inflame, as the pas-
sions 3 to exasperate 5 to rouse 5 to provoke 3 to excite to
action 3 to heat 3 to fire 3 to animate. 3. [Sax. ce7ma7i.]
To bring forth 3 [obs.]
KIN'DLE, V. i. 1. To take fire 3 to begin to burn with
flame, 2. To begin to rage, or be violently excited 3 to be
roused or exasperated.
KIN'DLED, pp. Set on fire 3 inflamed ; excited into action.
KIN'DLER, n. He or that which kindles or sets on fire.
KiND'LESS, a. Destitute of kindness 3 unnatural.
KiND'LI-NESS, n. 1, Aff^ection 3 affectionate disposition 3
benignity. 2. Natural disposition, Milton.
KIN'DLING, ppr. Setting on fire 3 causing to burn with
flame 3 exciting into action,
KiND'LY, a. 1. Homogeneal 3 congenial 5 kindred 3 of the
same nature, 2, Mild 3 bland 3 softening.
KiND'LY, adv. With good-will 3 with a disposition to make
others happy, or to oblige 5 benevolently 5 favorable.
KiND'NESS, n. 1, Good-will ; benevolence 3 that temper or
disposition which delights in contributing to the happi-
ness of others 3 benignity of nature, 2, Act of good-will
beneficence 3 any act of benevolence which promotes the
happiness or welfare of others.
KIN'DRED, n. [from kin, kind ; Sax. cijni-en.] 1. Relation
by birth 3 consanguinity, 2, Relation by marriage 3 affin-
ity. 3. Relatives by blood or marriage, more properly the
former. 4. Relation 3 suit 3 connection in kind.
KIN'DRED, a. Related 3 congenial 3 of the like nature or
properties, Dryden.
KINE, plu. of Co-w 5 D, koeyen. But cows, the regular plu-
ral, is now in general use.
KING, 7(. [Sax. cyng, cynig, or cyning ; G. k'dnig ; D, hon-
ing ; Bw. konung, kung ; Dan. /.:o7!o-e,] I. The chief or
sovereign of a nation 3 a man invested with supreme au-
thority over a nation, tribe or country 3 a monarch. 2, A
sovereign 3 a prince 5 a ruler, 3, A card having the pic-
ture of a king, 4, The chief piece in the game of chess.
— King at arms, an officer in England of great antiquity,
and formerly of great authority, whose business is to di-
rect the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have the
jurisdiction of armory. There are three kings at arms,
viz. garter, clarencieux, and norroy.
KING, V. t. In ludicrous language, to supply with a king,
or to make royal 3 to raise to royalty. Shak.
KING'AP-PLE,7i. A kind of apple, so called.
KING'S-BENCH, n. A high court or tribunal in Eng-
land.
KING'BtRD, 71. A fowl of the genus paradwcffl.
KING'€RAFT,7i, The craft of kings 5 the art of governing ;
usualhi in a had sense. King .Tames.
KING'eUP, n. A flower, crowfoot, Oay.
KING'S-E-VIL, 71, A disease of the scrofulous kind
KING'FISH-ER, ?!. A fowl of the genus alcedo.
KING'S-SPeAR, n. A plant of the genus asphodehis.
KING'STONE, 7(. A fish, Ainsworth.
KING'DoM, n. [king ^nA dom.] I. The territory or coun-
try subject to a king 3 an undivided territory under the
dominion of a king or monarch. 2. The inhabitants or
population subject to a king. — 3, In natural history, a di-
vision 3 as the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms.
4. A region 5 a tract 5 the place where any thing prevails
and holds sway, — 5. In Scripture, the government or uni-
versal dominion of God. 6. The power of supreme ad-
ministration, 7, A princely nation or state, 8, Heaven
Matt. xxvi. 9, State of glory in heaven. Matt. v. 10
The reign of the Messiah, Matt. iii. II. Government .
rule 3 supreme administration.
KING'DoMED, a. Proun of royalty. Shak.
fKING'HOGD, n. State of being a king. Gower.
KING'LESS, a. Having no king, Byron.
KING'LIKE, a. Like a king.
KING'LING, n. A little king,
KING'LY, a. I. Belonging to a king 3 suitable to a kirg
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— Bl^LL, UNITE.— € as K j 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
KNA
480
KNI
SfttfA. 2. Royal ; sovereign ; monarchical. 3. Noble ; au-
gust ; splendid ; becoming a king.
KING'LY, adv. With an air of royalty ; with a superior dig-
nity.
KIInGSHIP, n. Royalty , the state, office or dignity of a
king. King Charles.
KlN'ie, a. Pertaining to cinchona. Ure.
KINK, n. [Sw. kink ; D. kink.] The twist of a rope or
threa4, occasioned by a spontaneous winding of the rope
or tnread when doubled.
KINK , V. i. To wind into a kink ; to twist spontaneously.
KINK V, i. 1 o labor for breath, as in the hooping cough.
Ray.
KINK, n. A fit of coughing, or a convulsive fit of laughter.
j-KINK'HAaST, 71. The chincough.
Kl'NO, 71. "An astringent resin. Hooper.
t KINS'FoLK, (kinz'foke) n. [kin and folk.] Relations ;
Kindred ; persons of the same family.
KTNS'MAN, 71. [kin and man.] A man of the same race or
family ; one related by blood. Dnjden.
KINS'WOM-AN, 71, A female relation. Dennis.
KIP'PER,' n. A term applied to salmon, when unfit to be
taken, and to the time when they are so considered.
England.
KiRK, 71. [Sax. cyrc, or ciric] In Scotland^ a church. This
is the same word as church, difierently written and pro-
nounced. See Church.
<:iRK'MAN, n. One of the church of Scotland.
KiR'l'LE, 71. [Sax. cyHeL] 1 . An upper garment ; a gown ;
a petticoat ; a short jacket ; a mantle. 2. A quantity of
flax, about a hundred pounds.
«iR'TLED, a. Wearing a kirtle.
KISS, V. t. [Sax. cyssan ; G. kussen.] 1. To salute with
th-' lips. 2. To treat with fondness j to caress. 3. To
touch gently.
KISS, n. A salute given with the lips ; a common token of
affection.
KISSED, pp. Saluted with a kiss.
KISS'ER, 71. One that kisses.
KISS'ING, ppr. Saluting with the lips.
KjSS'ING-€6M-FIT, n. Perfumed sugarplums to sweeten
the breath. Shak.
iiISS'ING-€RUST, n. In cookery, the crust of a loaf that
toucnes another.
/ KIST, n. A chest.
KIT, n. [D. kit.] 1. A large bottle. 2. A small fiddle. 3.
A kind offish-tub. and a milk-pail.
KIT'-€AT, n. A term applied to a club in London, to which
Addison and Steele belonged ; so called from Christopher
Cat, a pastry cook, who served the club with mutton pies ;
applied also to a portrait three fourths less than a half
length, placed in the club-room. Todd.
KITCH'EN, n. [Sax. cycene ; G. kiiche.] 1. A cook-room;
the room of a house appropriated to cookery. — 2. In ships,
the galley or caboose. 3. A utensil for roasting meat.
KITCH'EN, V. t. To use thriftily. Qrose.
KITCH'EN-GAR'DEN, n. A garden or piece of ground ap-
propriated to the raising of vegetables for the table.
KITCH'EN-MAID, n. A female servant whose business is
to do the work of a kitchen.
KITCH'EN-STUFF, n. Fat collected from pots and drip-
ping pans. Donne.
(CITCH'EN-WENCH, n. The woman who cleans the
kitchen and utensils of cookery.
i£ITCH'EN-W6RK, n. Work done in the kitchen, as cook-
ery, washing, &c.
j<CITE, 71. [Sax. cyta.] 1. A rapacious fowl of the genus
falco, or hawk. 2. A name of reproach, denoting rapaci-
ty. 3. A light frame of wood and paper constructed for
flying In the air for the amusement of boys.
KITE, 71. In the north of England, the belly.
KiTE'FOOT, 71. A sort of tobacco, so called.
KiTES'FOOT, 71. A plant. Ainsworth.
f KITH, 71. '[Sax. cyththe.] Acquaintance. Oower.
KITLING, 71. [1.. catulus.] A whelp j the young of a
beast. B. Jonson.
KIT'TEN, (kit'n) n. [D. katje.] A young cat, or the young
of the cat.
KIT'TEN, (kit'n) v. i. To bring forth young, as a cat.
KIT'TI-WAKE, 71. A fowl of the gull kind.
t KIT'TLE, V. t. [Sax. citelan.] To tickle. Sherwood.
KIT'TLISH, a. Ticklish. Grose.
KIVE, 71. The tub-hole is a hollow place in the ground over
which the kive {mashing fat) stands. Petty.
KIV'ER, V. t. To cover. Huloet.
KLICK, t>. t. [a different orthography or diminutive of
clack.] 1. To make a small, sharp sound by striking two
things together. — 2. In Scotland, to pilfer, by taking with
a snatch.
KLI€K, 71. A stroke or blow. [A word in vulgar use.]
KNAB, (nab) v. t. [D. knappen.] To bite ; to gnaw ; to nib-
ble.
fKNAB'BLE, 7). i. To bite or nibble. Brown.
KNACK, (nak) n. 1. A little machine ; a petty contrivance ;
a toy. 9. A readiness ; habitual facility of perfonnance ;
dexterity ; adroitness. 3. A nice trick.
KNA€K, (nak) v. i. [G. knacken.] To crack ; to make a
sharp, abrupt noise. [Little used.]
KNA€K'ER, (nak'er) 7i. 1. A maker of knacks, toys or
small work. 2. A rope-maker, or collar-maker : [obs.] .
KNA€K'ISH, a. Trickish ; knavishly artful. More.
KNA€K'ISH-NESS, n. Artifice ; trickery. More.
KNA€K'Y, a. Handy ; having a knack 'j cunning ; crafty
Provincial in England.
KNAG, (nag) n. [Dan. knag.] 1. A knot in wood, or a
protuberant knot ; a wart. 2. A peg for hanging things
on. 3. The shoot of a deer's horns.
KNAG'GY, (nag'gy) a. Knotty ; full of knots ; rough with
knots 3 hence, rough in temper.
KNAP, (nap) n. [Sax. cncsp.] A protuberance ; a swelling,
[Little used. See Knob.] Bacon.
KNAP, (nap) v. t. [D. knappen. See Knab.] 1. To bite ;
to bite off; to break short; [little used.] 2. To strike
with a sharp noise ; [little u^ed.]
KNAP, (nap) v. i. To make a short, sharp sound.
KNAP'BOT-TLE, (nap'bot-tl) n. A plant.
KNAP'PISH, (nap'pish) a. Snappish. See Snap.
KNAP'PLE, (nap'pl) v. i. To break off" with an abrupt,
sharp noise.
KNAP'PY, a. Full of knaps or hillocs. Huloet.
KNAP'S ACK, (nap'sak) n. [G. knappsack.] A soldier's
bag, carried on his back, and containing necessaries of
food and clothing.
KNAP'WEED, ^nap'weed) n. A plant of the genus centau-
rea, so called, probably, from knap, a button.
KNAR, (nar) n. [G. knor.] A knot in wood.
KNARLED, a. Knotted. See Gnarled.
KNAR'RY, a. Knotty. Chaucer.
KNaVE, (nave) n. [Sax. cnapa ; G. knabc.] I. A boy ; a
man-child ; [obs.] 2. A servant ; [obs.] 3. A false, de-
ceitful fellow ; a dishonest man or boy. 4. A card with
a soldier painted on it.
KNaV'ER-Y, (na'ver-y) ti. 1. Dishonesty ; deception in
trafiick ; trick ; petty villainy ; fraud. 2. Mischievous
tricks or practices.
KNaV'ISH, (na'vish) a. 1. Dishonest ; fraudulent. 2. Wag-
gish ; mischievous.
KNaV'ISH-LY, (na'vish-ly) adv. 1. Dishonestly ; fraudu-
lently. 2. Waggishly ; mischievously.
KNaV'ISH-NESS, (na'vish-nes) n. The quality or habit of
knavery ; dishonesty.
KNAW'EL, (nawel) n. A species of plant.
KNeAD, (need) v. t. [Sax. cncedan.] To work and press
ingredients into a mass, usually with the hands ; particu
larly, to work into a well-mixed mass the materials of
bread, cake or paste.
KNeAD'ED, pp. Worked and pressed together.
KNeAD'ER, 71. A baker. Huloet.
KNkABiING, ppr. Working and mixing into a well-mixed
mass.
KNeAD'ING-TROUGH, (need'ing-trawf) ti. A trough or
tray in which dough is worked and mixed.
KNEB'EL-lTE, (neb'el-ite) n. A mineral.
KNEE, (ne) ti. [Sax. cneow ; G. knie ; Dan. knee.] 1. In
anatomy, the articulation of the thigh and leg bones. — 2.
In ship-building, a piece of timber somewhat in the shape
of the human knee, and used to connect the beams of a
ship with her sides or timbers.
fKNEE, (ne) v. t. To supplicate by kneeling. Shak.
KNEE'-€ROOK-ING, (ne'kruk-ing) a. Obsequious. Shak.
KNEED, (need) a. 1. Having knees. — 2. In botany, genicu-
lated ; forming an obtuse angle at the joints, like the knee
when a little bent.
KNEE'-DEEP, (ne'deep) a. 1. Rising to the knees. 2.
Sunk to the knees.
KNEED'-GRASS, n. An herb.
KNEE'-HiGH, (ne'hl) a. Rising to the knees ; as water
knee-high.
KNEE'HOL-LY, (ne'hol-ly) n. A plant of the genus ruscus
KNEE'HoLM, (ne'home) n. Kneeholly.
KNEE'PAN, (ne'pan) n. The round bone on the fore part of
the knee.
KNEEL, (neel) v. i. [D. knielen ; Dan. knceler.] To bend
the knee ; to fall on the knees.
KNEEL'ER, (ne'ler) n. One who kneels.
KNEEL'ING, (neel'ing) ppr. Falling on the knees.
KNEE'TRIB-UTE, (ne'trib-ute) n. Tribute paid by kneel-
ing ; worship or obeisance by genuflection. Milton.
KNELL, (nel) n. [Sax. cnyll.] The sound of a bell rung at
a funeral ; a tolling.
KNEW, (nu) pret. o{ know.
KNICK'KNACK, n. Any trifle or toy.
KNiFE, (nlfe) n. ; plu. Knites, (nivz) [Sax. cnif ; Dan.
kniv ; Sw. knif.] 1. A cutting instrument with a sharp
edge. 2. A swurd or dagger.
KNiGHT, (nite) n. [Sax. cniht, cneoht ; G. knechu] 1. In
feudal times, a knight was a man admitted to military
rank by a certain ceremony. This privilege was confer-
* Sec Synopsis. S, £, I, 5, tj, "?, long.—FS.R, FALL, WHA.T ;— PRSY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD j— f Obsolete
KNO
481
KRA
red on yoUchs of family and fortune, and hence sprung
the honorable title of knight, in modern usage. A knight
has, in England, the title of Sir. 2. A pupil or follower.
3. A champion. — Knight of the post, a knight dubbed at
the whipping-post or pillory ; a hireling witness, — Knight
of the shire, in England, one of the representatives of a
county in parliament, originally a knight, but now any
gentleman having an estate in land of six hundred pounds
a year is qualified.
KNlGHT, (nite) v. t. To dub or create a knight, which is
done by the king, who gives the person kneeling a blow
with a sword, and says, rise. Sir.
KNiGHT-ER'RANT, n. [knight, and L. errans, erro, to
wander.] A wandering knight ; a knight wlio tra:veled
in search of adventures, for the purpose of exhibiting
military skill, prowess and generosity.
KNiGHT-ER'RANT-RY, n. The practice of wandering in
quest of adventures ; the manners of wandering knights.
KNiGHT-HEADS, n. In ships^ bollard timbers, two pieces
of timber rising just within the stem.
KNiGHT'HOOD, n. 1. Tlie character or dignity of a knight.
2. A military order, honor, or degree of ancient nobility,
conferred as a reward of valor or merit. "
t KNiGHT'LESS, a. Unbecoming a knight. Spenser.
KNiGHT'LI-NESS, n. Duties of a knight. Spenser.
KNiGHT'LY, a. Pertaining to a knight ; becoming a knight.
Sidney.
KNiGHT'LY, adv. In a manner becoming a knight. Sher-
KNIGHT'-MAR-SHAL, n. An officer in the household of
the British king.
KNlGHT'-SER-VSCE, n. In English feudal law, a tenure
of lands held by knights oh condition of performing mili-
tary service.
KNIT, (nit) V. t. ; pret. and pp. knit, or knitted. [Sax. cnyt-
tan ; Sw. knyta.] 1. To unite, as threads by needles ; to
connect in a kind of net-work. 2. To unite closely. 3.
To join or cause to grow together. 4. To tie ; to fasten.
5. To draw together ; to contract.
KNIT, (nit) V. i. 1. To unite or interweave by needles. 2.
To unite closely ; to grow togetlier.
KNIT, (nit) n. Union by knitting ; texture ; [little used.]
KNIT'TA-BLE, (nit'ta-bl) a. That mav be knit.
KNIT'TER, (nit'ter) n. One that knits.
KNIT'TING, (nit'ting) ppr. Uniting by needles ; forming
texture ; uniting in growth.
KNITTING, n. Junction. Wotton.
KNIT'TING-NEE-DLE, (nit'ting-nee-dl) n. A long needle
usually made of wire, used for knitting threads into stock-
ings, garters, &c.
KNIT'TLE, (nit'l) m. 1. A string that gathers or draws to-
gether a purse. 2. A small line used in ships to sling
hammocs.
KNOB, (nob) n. [Sax. cncep .; G. knopf.} A hard protuber-
ance J a hard swelling or rising ; a bunch.
KNOB, V. i. To bunch out ; to grow into knobs. Hersey.
KNOB'BED, a. Containing knobs; full of knobs,
KNOB'BI-NESS, (nob'be-nes) n. The quality of having
knobs, or of being full of protuberances.
KNOB'BY, (nob'by) a. Full of knobs or hard protuberances;
hard.
KNO€K, (nok) v. i. [Sax. cnucian ; Sw. knacka.] 1. To
strike or beat with something thick or heavy. 2. To
drive or be driven against ; to strike against ; to clash. —
To knock under, to yield ; to submit ; to acknowledge to
be conquered.
KNOCK, (nok) v. t. 1. To strike ; to drive against. 9. To
strike a door for admittance ; to rap. — To knock down, to
strike down ; to fell ; to prostrate by a blow or by blows.
— To knock out, to force out by a blow or by blows. — To
knock up, to arouse by knocking. In popular use, to beat
out. — To knock off, to force off by beating. At auctions,
to assign to a bidder by a blow on the counter. — To knock
on the head, to kill by a blow or by blows.
KNOCK, (nok) n. 1. A blow ; a stroke with something
thick or heavy. 2. A stroke on a door, intended as a re-
quest for admittance ; a rap.
KNOCK'ER, (nok'er) n. 1 One that knocks. 2. An instru-
ment or kind of hammer, fastened to a door.
KNOCK'ING, (nok'ing) ppr. Beating ; striking.
KNOCK'ING, (nok'ing) n. A beating ; a rap.
KNoLL, (n5le) v. t. [Sax. cnyllan.] To ring a bell, usually
for a funeral. Shak.
KNoLL, (n51e) v. i. To sound, as a bell. Shak.
KNoLL, (nole) n. [Sax. cnolL] The top or crown of a hill ;
but more generally, a little round hi)l or mount ; a small
elevation of earth,
KNoLL'ER, n. One who tolls a bell. Sherwood.
KNOP, (nop) n. [a different spelling of knap or nob.] A
knob ; a tufted top ; a bud ; a bunch ; a button.
KNOP'PED, a. Having knops or knobs ; fastened as with
buttons,
KNOR, n. [Ger.] A knot.
KNOT, (not) n. [Sax. cnotta ; D. knot.] 1. The complica-
tion of threads made by knitting ; atie ; union of cords by
interweaving. 2. Any figure, the lines of which frequent-
ly intersect each other. 3. A bond of association or union
4. The part of a tree where a branch shoots. 5. The pro-
tuberant joint of a plant, 6, A cluster ; a collection ; a
group, 7, Difficulty ; intricacy ; something not easily
solved, 8, Any intrigue or difficult perplexity of affairs.
9. A bird of the genus tringa. 10. An epaulet,— 11 , In.
seamen^s language, a division of the logline, whicli an-
swers to half a minute, as a mile does to an hour, or it is
the hundred and twentieth part of a mile,
KNOT, (not) V. t. 1. To complicate or tie in a knot or
krots; to form a knot. 2, To entangle ; to perplex. 3
To unite closely.
KNOT, (not) v.i. 1. To form knots or joints, as in plants
2. To knit knots for fringe.
KNOT'BER-RY, (not'ber-ry) n. A plant of the genus rubus.
KNOT'GRASS, (not'gras) n. The name of several species
of plants, so denominated from the joints of the stem.
KNOT'LESS, (not'les) a. Free from knots ; without knots.
KNOT'TED, (not'ted) a. 1. Full of knots; having knots.
Dryden. 2. Having intersecting figures. Shak.
KNOT'TI-NESS, (not'te-nes) n. 1. Fullness of knots ; the
quality of having many knots or swellings, 2, Difficulty
of solution; intricacy,
KNOT'TY, (not'ty) a. 1. Full of knots; having many
knots ; as, knotty timber. 2. Hard ; rugged. Rowe. 3.
Difficult ; intricate ; perplexed.
KNOUT, (nout) n. A punishment in Russia, inflicted with
a whip.
KNoW, (n5) V. t. ; pret. knew ,• pp. known. [Sax. cnawan.]
1. To perceive with certainty ; to understand clearly ; to
have a clear and certain perception of truth, fact, or any
thing that actually exists. 2. To be informed of; to be
taught. 3. To distinguish. 4. To recognize by recollec-
tion, remembrance, representation or description. 5. To
be no stranger to ; to be familiar. — 6. In Scripture, to have
sexual commerce with. Oen. iv, 7, To approve, 8, To
learn, Prov. i. 9, To acknowledge with due respect.
1 Thess. v. 10. To choose ; to favor or take an interest
in. Amos iii. 11. To commit ; to have. 2. Cor. 12. To
have full assurance of; to have satisfactory evidence of
any thing, though short of certainty.
KNoW, (no) V. i. 1. To have clear and certain perception ;
not to be doubtful. 2. To be informed. 3. To take cog-
nizance of; to examine.
KNoW'A-BLE, (no a-bl) a. That may be known ; that may
bediscovered, understood or ascertained.
KNoWER, (no'er) n. One who knows.
KNOWING, (n5'ing) ppr. 1. Having clear and certain per-
ception of. 2. a. Skillful ; well informed ; well instruct-
ed. 3. Conscious ; intelligent.
KNOWING, (no'ing) n. Knowledge. Shak.
KNoWING-LY, (no'ing-ly) adv. With knowledge.
* KNOWL'EDGE, (nol'lej) ?i, 1, A clear and certain percep-
tion of that which exists, or of truth and fact ; the percep-
tion of the connection and agreement, or disagreement
and repugnancy of our ideas. 2. Learning; illumination
of mind. 3. Skill. 4. Acquaintance with any fact or
person, 5. Cognizance; notice, Ruth ii, 6, Informa-
tion ; power of knowing. 7. Sexual intercourse. But it
is usual to prefix carnal.
t KNOWL'EDGE, for acknowledge or avow. Bacon.
JKNUB, ) (nub) 5 v. t. To beat; to strike witli
t KNUB'BLE, \ (nub'bl) I the knuckle.
KNUCKLE, (nuk'l) n. [Sax. cnucl ; G. kndchel.] 1. The
joint of a finger, particularly when protuberant by the
closing of the fingers. 2. The knee joint of a calf, 3-
The joint of a plant ; [obs.] Bacon.
KNUCKLE, (nuk'l) v. i. To yield ; to submit in contest to
an antagonist,
KNUCKLED, a. Jointed. Bacon.
t KNUFF, (nuff ) n. A lout ; a clown.
KNUR, I (nur) ( n. [G. knorren.] A knot ; a hard sub-
KNURLE, S (nurl) } stance. Woodward.
KNURL'ED, a. Full of knots.
KNURL'Y, (nur'ly) a. Full of knots; hard.
KNUR'RY, (nur'ry) a. Full of knots.
Ko'BA, 71. An antelope, with horns close at the base,
Ko'KOB, n. A venomous serpent of America.
KOL'LY-RITE, m. [Gr. KoWvptov.] A variety of clay,
KOM'MA-NIC, n. The crested lark of Germany,
KON'IL-ITE, n. [Gr. kovos afld Xtdog.] A mineral.
Ko'NITE, See Conite, ''
Ko'PECK, n. A Russian coin, about the value of a cent,
Ko'RAN, n. (pronounced by oriental scholars korawn) n.
[Ar,] The Mohammedan book of faith ; the alkoran,
Ko'RET, n. A delicious fish of the East Indies,
Ko'RIN, n. An antelope with slender, smooth horns,
KOUPH'0-LITE, n. [Gr, Kov(pos and XiOog.] A mineral,
KRAAL, 71, In the southern part of Africa, among the Hot-
tentots, a village ; a collection of huts,
KRAG, n. A species of argillaceous earth.
* See Si-norsi3 MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this. T Obsolete
LAB
482
LAC
IKRa/KEN, n. A supposed enormous sea animal.
KRtJ'KA, 11. A bird of Russia and Sweden.
Kd'FI€, a. The Kufic letters were the ancient lettei^ of
the Arabic, so called from Kufa, on the Euphrates.
Ku'MISS, n. A liquor or drink made from mare's milk
fermented and distilled ; milk spirit. Tooke.
KU'EIL, 11. A bird, the black petrel Pennant
KU-RIL'I-AN, a. The Kurilian isles are a chain of islanda
in the Pacific.
t K^, w.Kine.
KY'A-NlTE, 71. [It is written, also, cj/awite.] A mineral
Ky-AN'0-OEN, n. [Gr. Kvavoi and yevvaw.] Carbureted
azote ; the compound base of prussic acid, called, also,
prussine.
Lthe twelfth letter of the English Alphabet, is usually
J denominated a semi-vowel, or a liquid. It has only one
sound in English, as in like, canal. At the end of mono-
syllables, it is often doubled, as in fall, fidl, tell, bell ; but
not after diphthongs and digraphs ; foul, fool, prowl, growl,
foal, &c. being written with a single I. In English words,
the terminating syllable le is unaccented, the e is silent,
and I has a feeble sound ; as in able, eagle, pronounced
abl, eagl. _
As a numeral, L denotes 50, and with a dash, L, 50,000.
LA, (law) exclam. Look ; see ; behold. Shak.
LA, in music, the syllable by which Ouido denotes the last
sound of each hexachord. Encyc.
t LAB, n. A great talker ; a blabber. Chaucer.
LABI A-DIST, 71. A follower of Jean de Labadie.
LAB'DA-NUM. See Ladanum.
LAB-E-FA€'TION, n. [L. labefar.tio.] A weakening or
looseningj a failing; decay; downfall; ruin.
t LAB'E-FY, v. t. To weaken or impair. Diet.
La'BEL, w. [W. ZZaZ/, a strip; Za6ed, a label.] 1. A narrow
slip of silk, paper or parchment, containing a name or ti-
tle, and affixed to any thing, denoting its contents. 2.
Any paper annexed to a will by way of addition ; as a
codicil. — 3. In heraldry, a. fillet usually placed in the mid-
dle, along the chief of the coat, without touching its ex-
tremities. 4. A long, thin brass rule, with a small sight
at one end, and a centre-hole at the other, commonly used
with a tangent-line on the edge of a circuraferentor, to
take altitudes, &c.
La'BEL, v. t. To affix a label to.
La'BELED, pp. Furnished ivith a label,
La'BEL-ING, ppr. Distinguishing by a label.
La bent, a. [L. labens.] Sliding ; gliding. Diet.
La'BI-AL, a [Fr.] Pertaining to the lips ; formed by the
lips.
La'BI-AL, n. A letter or character representing an articula-
tion of the lips ; as b, f, m, p, v.
La'BI-ATE, } a. [from L. labium.] In botany, a labiate
La'BI-A-TED, \ corol is irregular, monopetalous, with
two lips, or monopetalous, consisting of a narrow tube
with a wide mouth, divided into two or more segments
arranged in two opposite divisions or lips.
fLA'BILE, a. ['Low 1,. labilis.] Liable to err, fall or apos-
tatize. Cheijne.
LAB-I-O-DENT'AL, a. [labium and dens.] Formed or
pronounced by the cooperation of the lips and teeth ; as
/and V.
La'BOR, n. [L. labor.] 1. Exertion of muscular strength,
or bodily exertion which occasions weariness ; toilsome
work ; pains ; travail ; any bodily exertion which is at-
tended with fatigue. 2. Intellectual exertion ; application
of the mind which occasions weariness. 3. Exertion of
mental powers, united with bodily employment. 4.
Work done, or to be done ; that which requires weari-
some exertion. 5. Heroic achievement. 6. Travail ; the
pangs and efforts of diildbirth. 7. The evils of life ; tri-
als ; persecution, &c.
La'BOR, v. i. [L. laboro.] 1. To exert muscular strength ;
to act or move with painful effort, particularly in servile
occupations ; to work ; to toil. 2. To exert one's powers
of body or mind, or both, in the prosecution of any de-
sign ; to strive ; to take pains. 3. To toil ; to be burden-
ed. 4. To move with difficulty. 5. Tomove irregujarly
with little progress ; to pitch and roll heavily. 6. To be
In distress ; to be pressed. 7. To be in travail ; to suffer
the pangs of childbirth. 8. To journey or march. 9. To
perform the duties of the pastoral office. 1 Tim. v. 10.
To perform Christian offices. — To labor under, tohe afflict-
ed with ; to be burdened or distressed with.
La'BOR, v. t. 1. To work at ; to till ; to cultivate. 2. To
prosecute with effort ; to urge. 3. To form or fabricate
with exertion. 4. To beat ; to belabor. 5. To form with
toil and care.
t La'BO-RANT, n. A chemist. Boyle.
LAB'O-RA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. laboratoire.] 1. A house or
place where operations and experiments in chemistry,
pharmacy, pyrotechny, &c., are performed. 2. A place
where arms are manufactured or repaired, or fire-works
prepared. 3. A place where work is performed, or any
thing is prepared for use.
La 'BORED, pp. Tilled ; cultivated ; formed with labor
La'BOR-ER, 71. One who labors in a toilsome occupation ,
a man who does work that requires little skill, as distin-
guished from an artisan.
La'BOR-ING, ppr. 1. Exerting muscular strength or intel-
lectual power ; toiling ; moving with pain or with diffi-
culty ; cultivating. 2. A laboring man, or laborer, is often
used for a man who performs work that requires no ap-
prenticeship or professional skill , in distinction from an
artisjin.
LA-Bo'RI-OUS, a. [L. laboriosus.] 1. Using exertion ;
employing labor ; diligent in work or service ; assiduous.
2. Requiring labor; toilsome; tiresome; not easy. 3.
Requiring labor, exertion, perseverance or sacrifices.
LA-Bo'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With labor, toil or difficulty.
LA-BO'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being labori
ous, or attended with toil ; toilsomeness ; difficulty. 2
Diligence ; assiduity.
La'BOR-LESS, a. Not laborious. Brerewood.
tLA'BOR-OUS, a. The old word for laborious. Spenser.
fLA'BOR-OUS-LY, a<Zu. Laboriously. Sir T. Elyot.
tLA'B0R-S6ME, a. Made with great labor and diligence.
La'BRA, 71. [Sp.] A lip. Shak.
LA-BURN'UM, n. A tree of the germs cytisus.
LAB'Y-RINTH, n. [L. labyrinthus.] 1. Among the an-
cients, an edifice or place full of intricacies, or formed
with winding passages, which rendered it difficult to find
the way from the interior to the entrance. 2. A maze ;
an inexplicable difficulty. — 3. Formerly, an ornamental
maze or wilderness in gardens. 4. A cavity in the ear.
LAB-Y-RINTH'I-AN, a. Winding ; intricate ; perplexed.
LAC, n. [Sp. laca ; G. lack.] Gum-lac, so called, but im-
properly, not being a gum, but a resin.
LAC'Cie, a. Pertaining to lac, or produced from it.
LACE, 71. [Sp. lazo ; Fr. lacet : It. laccio.] 1. A work com-
posed of threads interwoven into a net, and worked on a
pillow with spindles or pins. 2. A string; a cord. 3. A
snare ; a gin. 4. A plaited string with which females
fasten their clothes.
LACE, V. t. 1. To fasten with a string through eyelet hol.es.
2. To adorn with lace. 3. To embellish with variega-
tions or stripes. 4. To beat ; to lash.
LaCE'-BARK, n. A shrub in the West Indies.
LaCED, pp. or a. Fastened with lace or a string ; also, tricked
off with lace. — Laced coffee, coffee with spirits in it. Ad^
dison. — Laced mutton, an old word for a whore ; [obs.]
Shak.
LaCE'MAN, 71. A man who deals in lace. Addison.
LaCE'WOM-AN, n. A woman who makes or sells lace.
LAC'ER-A-BLE, a. That mav be torn. Harvey.
LAC'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. lacero.] To tear; to rend ; to sep-
arate a substance by violence or tearing.
LAC'ER-ATE, ) pp. or a. 1. Rent ; torn.— -2. In botany,
LAC'ER-A-TED, S having the edge variously cut into
irregular segments.
LAC-ER-a'TION, n. The act of tearing or rending ; the
breach made by rending. Arbuthnot.
LAC'ER-A-TiVE, a. Tearing ; having the power to tea/.
LAC'ER-TTNE, a. [L. lacertus.] Like a lizard.
LA-CER'TUS, 71. The girrock,a fish; the lizard-fish.
LACHE, \ 11. [Norm. Fr. lachesse.] In law, neglect ; neg-
LACH'ES, 1 ligence. ^ > = » «
LACH'ES, 73. plu. Boggy places. Craven dialect.
LACH'RY-MA-BLE, a. Lamentable. Morley.
LACH'RY-MAL, a. [Fr. ; L. lachryma.] A. Generating
or secreting tears. 2. Pertaining to tears ; conveying
tears.
LACH'RY-MA-RY, a. Containing tears. Addison
LA€H-RY-Ma'TION, n. The act of shedding tears.
LACHT^Y-MA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. lachrymatoire.] A vessel
found in sepulchres of the ancients, in which it has been
supposed the tears of a deceased person's friends were
collected and preserved with the ashes and urn.
La'CIiVG, ppr. Fastening with a string; adorned or trim-
med with lace.
LA-CIN/I-ATE, ) a. [L. lacinia.] 1. Adorned with
LA-CTN'I-A-TED, \ frmges.— 2. In botany, jagged.
See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, tj, f, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
LAD
483
LAM
LA€K v.t. [D.leeg,leeg'en;„'Da.n.lak.'] 1. To want; to
be destitute of; not to have or possess. 2. To blame ,
[obs.]
LA€K, V. i. 1. To be in want. 2. To be wanting..
LACK, n. Want; destitution; need; failure. — Lack of no-
pees is one hundred thousand rupees, which, at 55 cents
each, amount to fifty-five thousand dollars.
LACK-A-DaY, exclamation of sorrow or regret ; alas.
LAeK'BRAiN, n. One that wants brains, or is deficient in
understanding. Shak.
LA€'Q,Ue'r [^' U^^' ^"Q^^-] A kind of varnish.
LA€K'ER, V. t. To varnish ; to smear over with lacker, for
the purpose of improving color or preserving from tarnish-
ing and decay.
LA€K'ER, n. One who is wanting. Davies.
LA€K'ERED, ;>;;. Covered with lacker ; varnished.
LA€K'EY, n. [Fr. laquais.] An attending servant ; a foot-
boy or footman.
LA€K'EY, V. t. To attend servilely. Milton.
LA€K'EY, V. i. To act as footboy ; to pay servile attend-
ance.
LA€K' LIN-EN, a. Wanting shirts. [Little used.] Shak.
LA€K'LUS-TRE, a. Wanting lustre or brightness.
LA-€0N'1€, I a. [Fr. laconique ; L. laconicus ; from
LA-€ON'I-eAL, I Laconia.] 1. Short; brief; pithy;
sententious ; expressing much in few words. 2. Pertain-
ing to Sparta or Lacedemonia.
LA-€ON'I-€AL-LY, adv. Briefly ; concisely.
LA-€ON'I€S, n. A book of Pausanias, which treats of Lac-
edemonia.
*La'€ON-ISM, )n. [li.laconismus.] 1. A concise style.
LA-€ON'I-ClSM, ) 2. A brief, sententious phrase or ex-
pression.
LA€'TA6E, n. The produce of animals yielding milk.
LA€'TANT, a. [L. lactans.] Suckling ; giving suck. [Lit-
tle used.]
LA€'TA-RY, a. [L. lactarius.] Milky; full of white juice
like milk. [Little used.] Brown.
LA€'TA-RY, n. [L. lactarius.] A dairy-house.
LA€'TATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by the lactic
acid, or acid of milk, with a base. Four or oy. *
LA€-Ta'TION, n. [L. lacto.] The act of giving suck ; or
the time of suckling. Johnson.
LAe'TE-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to milk. 2. Conveying
chyle.
LA€'TE-AL, n. A vessel or slender tube of animal bodies,
for conveying chyle from the intestines to the common
reservatory.
IjA€'TE-AN, a. [L. lacteus.] Milky ; having the color of
milk. Moxon.
LA€'TE-0US, a. [L. lacteus.] ]. Milky; resembling
milk. 2. Lacteal ; conveying chyle.
LAC-TES'CENCE, n. [L. lactescens.] 1. Tendency to
milk ; milkiness or milky color. — 2. In botany, milki-
ness ; the liquor N^'hich flows abundantly from a plant,
when wounded.
LAC-TES'CENT, a. 1. Producing milk or white juice. 2.
Abounding with a thick colored juice.
LACTIC, a. Pertaining to milk, qr procured from sour
milk or whey ; as, the lactic acid. Fourcroy.
LAC-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lac and fero.] I. Bearing or
conveying milk or white juice. 2. Producing a thick col-
ored juice.
LACU-NAR, 71. [L.] An arched roof or ceiling.
LAC-U-NoSe' ( °" ^^' ^'^'^'^'''"'Osus.] Furrowed or pitted.
LAD, 71. [W. llawd ; and Sax. leod.] A young man or boy ;
a stripling.
LAD'A-NUM, n. [Ar.] The resinous juice which exsudes
from the leaves of the cistiis ladanifera.
LAD'DER, 71. [Sax. hlmdder ; D. ladder, or leder.] 1. A
frame of wood, consisting of two side-pieces, connected
by rounds inserted in them at suitable distances, and thus
forming steps, by which persons may ascend a building,
&c. 2. That by which a person ascends or rises ; means
of ascending. 3. Gradual rise ; elevation.
LADE,u. t.; pret. laded j pp. laded, laden. [Sax. ladan, and
hladan ; G. laden.] 1. To load ; to put on or in, as a bur-
den or freight. S. To dip ; to throw in or out, as a fluid,
with a ladle or dipper ; as, to lade water out of a tub or
into a cistern. 3, To draw water ; [obs,]
■f LADE, n. The mouth of a river. Gibson.
LAD'ED, ) pp. 1. Loaded ; charged withaburden or freight.
LaD'EN, ) 2. a. Oppressed ; burdened.
LA'Dl-F?", V. t. [L. Jio, and lady.] To make a lady of. Mas-
singer.
LAD'ING, ppr. Loading ; charging with a burden or freight ;
throwing or dipping out.
LAD'ING, 71. That which constitutes a load or cargo ;
freight ; burden.
LAD'KIN, n. A little lad ; a youth. [Little used.]
LA'DLE, n [Sax. hlcedle.] 1. A utensil somewhat like
a dish, with a long handle, used for throwing or dipping
out liquor from a vesse.. 2. The receptacle of a mill
wheel, which receives the water which moves it. — 3
In gunnery, an instrument for drawing the charge of a
cannon.
La'DLE-FUL,7i. The quantity contained in a ladle.
La'DY, 77. [Sax. hlafdig,hlmfdiga,lilcBfdia.] I. A womaij
of distinction. — Originally, the title of Lady was given to
the daughters of earls and others in high rank, but by
custom, the title belongs to any woman of genteel educa-
tion. 2. A word of complaisance ; used of women. 3
Mistress ; the female who presides or has authority over
a manor or a family.
L^'DY-BUG '■'"" ^ small, red, vaginopennous or sheath
winged insect. Oay. A coleopterous
insect of the genus coccinella. Linne
La'DY-COW, \
La'DY-FL^, J
LA'DY'S BED-STRAW, 71. A plant of the genus ^aZiMTre
La'DY'S BOW-ER,w. a plant of the genus clematis.
La'DY'S CoMB, n. A plant of the genus scandix.
LA'DY'S CUSH-ION, n. A plant of the genus saxifraga.
LA'DY'S Fi'N-GER, n. A plant of the genus anthyllis.
La'DY'S MAN-TLE, n. A plant of the genus oZcAemZZa
LA'DY'S SkAL, n. A plant ©f the genus taTwits.
LA'DY'S SLIP-PER, n. A plant of the genus cypripedium
La'DY'S SMOCK, n. A plant of the genus caretomiree.
LA'DY'S TRA-CES, n. A plant of the genus ophrys.
La'DY-DaY, n. The day of the annunciation of the holy
virgin, March 25th.
La'DY-LiKE, a. I. Like a lady in manners ; genteel ;
well-bred. 2. Soft; tender; delicate.
LA'DY-SHIP, n. The title of a lady. Dryden.
■[LAG, a. [Goth, laggs; W. llag,llac.] I. Coming after
or behind; slow; sluggish; tardy. 2. Last; long-delay-
ed. Shak.
LAG, 78. I. The lowest class ; the rump; the fag end. 2.
He that comes behind ; [obs/] Shak.
LAG, V. i. [W. Hag, llac] To walk or move slowly ; to
loiter ; to stay behind.
t LAG'GARD, a. Slow ; sluggish ; backward. Collins.
LAG'GER, a. A loiterer ; an idler ; one who moves slowly
and falls behind.
LAG'GING, ppr. Loitering ; moving slowly and falling be-
hind. Dryden.
LA-GOON', ) n. [It., Sp. laguna.] A fen, moor, marsh,
LA-GuNE', J shallow pond or lake.
La'IC, or La'I-CAL, a. [It. laico, laicale ; Fr. laique.] Be-
longing to the laity or people, in distinction from the
clergy.
LA'IC, 71. A layman. Bp. Morton.
LAID, pret. and pp. of lay ; so written for layed.
LAID'LY, a. [Sax. lathlic] Ugly; loathsome; foul.
LAIN, pp. of lie.
LAIR, 71. [G. lager.] 1. A place of rest; the bed or couch
of a boar or wild beast. Dryden. 2. Pasture ; the ground.
LAIRD, n. [Sax. hlaford.] In the Scots dialect, a lord ; the
proprietor of a manor.
LAI'TER, or LAW'TER, n. The whole quantity of eggs
which a hen lays before she incubates. Brockett.
LA'I-TY, 71. [Gr. \aos-] 1. The people, as distinguish-
ed from the clergy ; the body of the people not in or-
ders. 2. The state of a layman, or of not being in or-
ders; [obs.]
LAKE, V. i. [Sw. leka.] To play ; to sport. J^orth of Eng-
land.
LAKE, n. [G. laclie ; Fr. lac ; L. lacus.] 1. A large and
extensive collection of water contained in a cavity or hol-
low of the earth. It differs from a pond in size, the latter
being a collection of small extent ; but sometimes a collec-
tion of water is called a pond or a lake indifl^erently. 2. A
middle color between uitramarine and vermilion, madf
of cochineal.
LAK'Y, a. Pertaining to a lake or lakes. Sherwood.
LA'MA, n. 1. The sovereign pontiff", or rather the god ol
the Asiatic Tartars. 2. A small species of camel.
LAM'AN-TIN, or LAM'EN-TIN, n. A species of the wal-
rus or sea-cow, the trichechus manatus.
LAMB, (lam) 7i. [Goth, and Sax. lamb.] 1. The young
of the sheep kind. 2. The Lamb of God, in Scripture, the
Savior Jesus Christ, who was typified by the paschal
lamb.
LAMB, V. t. To bring forth young, as sheep.
LAMB' ALE, n. A feast at the time of shearing lambs.
Warton.
LAM'BA-TiVE, a. [L. lam.bo.] Taken by licking.
LAM'BA-TiVE, n. A medicine taken by licking with the
tongue. Wiseman.
LAM'BENT, a. [L. lambens.] Playing about; touching
lightlv ; gliding over.
LAMB'kiN, (lam'kin) n. A small lamb. Gay.
LAMB'LiKE, (lara'llke) a. Like a lamb ; gentle ; humble ;
meek. , , •
LAMB'S'- WOOL, n. [a corruption of la mas ubhal, that U!,
the day of the apple fruit.] Ale mixed with sugar, nut-
meg and the pulp of roasted apples. Burton.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € a8 K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
LAM
484
LAN
LAM-DOID'AL, a. [Gr. "XanBa. ] In the form of the Greek A,
the English L. Sharp.
LAME, a. [Sax, Zame, or Zam<i.] 1. Crippled or disabled in
a limb, or otherwise injured so as to be unsound and im-
paired in strength. 2. Imperfect ; not satisfactory. 3.
Hobbling ; not smooth ; as numbers in verse.
LAME, V. t. To make lame ; to cripple or disable ; to ren-
der imperfect and unsound. Dryden.
LAM EL, n. [L. lamella.] A thin plate or scale.
LAM'EL-LAR, a. Disposed in thin plates or scales.
LAM'EL-LAR-LY, adv. In thin plates or scales.
LAM EL-LATE, ) a. Formed m thin plates or scales, or
LAM'EL-LA-TED, \ covered with them.
LAM-EL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lamella aiidifero.'] Produc-
ing plates.
LAM'EL-LI-FORM, a. [L. lamella and form.] Having
the form of a plate. Joum. of Science.
LaME'LY, adv. 1. Like a cripple ; with impaired strength ;
in a halting manner. 2. Imperfectly ; without a com-
plete exliibition of parts. 3. Weakly ; poorly ; unsteadi-
ly ; feebly.
LaME'NESS, n. 1. An impaired state of the body or limbs 5
loss of natural soundness and strength by a wound or by
disease. 2. Imperfection ; weakness ; as the lameness
of an argument or of a description.
LA-MENT', V. i. [L. lamentor.] 1. To mourn ; to grieve ;
to weep or wail ; to express sorrow. 2. To regret deep-
ly ; to feel sorrow.
LA-MENT', V. t. To bewail; to mourn for; to bemoan;
to deplore. Dryden.
LA-MENT', n. [L. lamentum.] Grief or sorrow expressed
in complaints or cries j lamentation ; a weeping.
LAM'EN-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. lamentabUis.] 1. To be la-
mented ; deserving sorrow. 2. Mournful ; adapted to
awaken grief. 3. Expressing sorrow. 4. Miserable ; pit-
iful ; low ; poor.
LAM'EN-TA-BLY, adv. 1. Mournfully ; with expressions
or tokens of sorrow. 2. So as to cause sorrow. 3. Piti-
fully ; despicably.
LAM-EN-Ta'TION, n. [L. lamentatio.] 1. Expression of
sorrow; cries of grief; the act of bewailing. — 2. In the
plural, a book of Scripture, containing the lamentations
of Jeremiah.
LA-MENT ED, pp. Bewailed ; mourned for.
LA-MENT'ER, n. One who mourns, or cries out with sor-
row.
LAM'EN-TIN. See Lamantin.
LA-MENT'ING, ppr. BewaUing ; mourning; weeping.
LA-MENT'ING, 71. A mourning ; lamentation.
La'MI-A, n. [L.] A hag ; a witch : a demon.
LAM'I-NA, ) n. [L. lamina.] 1. A thin plate or scale ; a
LAM'IN, \ layer or coat lying over another; applied to
the plates of minerals, bones, &.C. 2. A bone, or part of a
bone, resembling a thin plate, such as the cribriform plate
of the ethmoid bone. 3. The lap of the ear. 4- The bor-
der, or the upper, broad or spreading part of the petal, in
a polypetalous corol.
LAM'IN-A-BLE, a. Capable of being formed into thin
plates.
LAIM'I-NAR, a. In plates ; consisting of thin plates or lay-
ers.
LAM'I-NATE, ) a. Plated; consisting of plates, scales or
LAM'I-NA-TED, \ layers, one over another.
LaMTSH, a. Not quite lame ; hobbling. A. Wood.
fLAMM, r. «. To beat. Beaumont.
LAM'MAS, 71. [Sax. hlammtBsse.] The first day of August.
Bacon.
LAMP, 71. [FT.lampe; L. lam-pas.] 1. A vessel for contain-
ing oil to be burned by means of a wick ; or a light, a
burning wick inserted in a vessel of oil. — 2. Figuratively,
a light of any kind. Rowe. — Lamp of safety, or safety
lamp, a lamp for lighting coal mines, without exposing
workmen to the explosion of inflammable air. Davy.
LAM'PAS, 71. [Fr.] A lump of flesh of the size of a nut, in
the roof of a horse's moutli, and rising above the teeth.
LAINIP BLACK, 7?. A fine soot formed by the condensation
of the smoke of burning pitch or resinous substances, in a
chimney terminating in a cone of cloth.
LAMP'I-ATE, 77. A compound salt, composed of lampic
acid and a base. Ure.
LAMPIC, a. The lampic acid is obtained by the combustion
of ether by means of a lamp. Ure.
f LAMP'IXG, a. [It. I ampante.] Shining ; sparkling.
LAM-POON', n. [qu. Old Fr. lamper.] A personal satire in
writing ; abuse ; censure written to reproach and vex
rather than to reform. Dryden.
LAM-POON', V. t. To abuse with personal censure ; to re-
proach in written satire.
LAM-POON'ER, 71. One who abuses with personal satire ;
the writer of a lampoon. Tatler.
LAM-POON'ING, ppr. Abusing with personal satu-e.
LAM-P00N'RY,7?. Abuse.
LAM'PREY, n. [Fr. lamproie ; D. lamprei.] A genus of an-
guilliform fishes, resembling the eel. Encyc.
LAM PREL, or LAM'PRON. See Lampret.
La'NATE, } a. [L. lanatus.] Wooly. — In botany, cover-
LAN' A-TED, \ ed with a substance like curled hairs.
LANCE, (lans) ?i. [L. laiicea ; Fr. lance.] A spear, an of
fensive weapon in form of a half pike, used by the an-
cients and thrown by the hand.
LANCE, «.*. [Arm. langza.] 1. To pierce with a lance or
with a sharp-pointed instrument. 2. To pierce or cut ; to
open with a lancet.
LANCE'LY, (lans'Iy) a. Suitable to a lance. Sidney.
LAN'CE-O-LAR, a. In botany, tapering towards each end.
LAN'CE-O-LATE, ) a. Shaped like a lance ; oblong and
LAN'CE-0-LA-TED, \ gradually tapering toward each
extremit}' ; spoEir-shaped.
LANCE-PE-SaDE', 71. [It. lancia-spezzata.] An officer un
der the corporal. J. Hall.
LAN'CER, 11. One who lances ; one who carries a lance.
LAN'CET, 71. [Fr. lancette.] 1. A surgical instrument,
sharp-pointed and two-edged ; used in venesection, and
in opening tumors, abscesses, &c. 2. A pointed window.
LANCH, V. t. [Fr. lancer.] 1. To throw, as a lance ; to
dart ; to let fly. 2. To move, or cause to slide from the
land into the water.
LANCH, V. i. To dart, or fly off"; to push ofl".
LANCH, 71. 1. The sliding or movement of a ship from the
land into the water, on ways prepared for the purpose.
2. A kind of boat, longer, lower, and more flat-bottomed
than a long-boat.
LAN'CI-NATE, v. t. [L. lancino.] To tear; to rend; to
lacerate. Johnson.
LAN-CI-Na'TION, n. Tearing ; laceration.
LAND, 71. [Goth., Sax., G.,D., Dan., Sw. ZflTitZ.] 1. Earth,
or tlie solid matter which constitutes the fixed part of the
surface of the globe, in distinction from water. 2. Any
portion of the solid, superficial part of the globe, whether
a kingdom or country, or a particular region. 3. Any
small portion of the superficial part of the earth or ground.
4. Ground ; soil, or the superficial part of the earth in re-
spect to its nature or quahty. 5. Real estate. 6. The in-
habitants of a country or region ; a nation or people. 7.
The ground left unploughed between furrows is by some
of our farmers called a land. — To make the land, or to
make land, in seatnen^s language, is to discover land from
sea, as the shi" approaches it. — To shut in the land, to lose
sight of the land left, by the intervention of a point or
promontorj^ — To set the land, to see by the compass how
it bears from the ship.
f LAND, 71. [Sax. hland, or hlond.] Urine ; whence the old
expression land dam, to kill. Shak.
LAND, V. t. To set on shore ; to disembark ; to debark.
LAND, v.i. To go on shore from a ship or boat ; to disem
bark.
LAN'DAU, 71. A kind of coach or carnage whose top may
be opened and thrown back,
LAND'-BREEZE, 71. [land and breeze.] A current of air
setting from the land towards the sea.
LAND'ED, pp. 1. Disembarked ; set on shore from a ship
or boat. 2. a. Having an estate in land. 3. Consisting
in real estate or land.
LAND'FALL, 71. 1. A sudden translation of property in
land by the death of a rich man. — 2. In seamen's language,
the first land discovered after a voyage.
LAND'FLoOD, n. An overflowing of land by water ; an
inundation.
LAND'-FoRCE, n. A military force, army or troops serving
on land, as distinguished from a naval force.
LAND'GRAVE, n. [G. landgraf; D. landgraaf.] In Ger-
many, a count or earl.
LAND-GRa'VI-ATE, 77. The territory held by a landgrave,
or his office, jurisdiction or authority.
LAND'HoLD-ER, n. A holder or proprietor of land.
LANDING, ppr. Setting on shore ; coming en shore.
LAND'ING, ) n. A place where persons land, or
LAND'ING-PLACE, \ where goods are set on shore.
LAND'JOB-BER, 7!. A man who makes a business of buy-
ing land on speculation.
LAND'La-DY, 71. 1. A woman who has tenants holding
from her. 2. The mistress of an inn. Swift.
LAND'LESS, a. Destitute of land ; having no land.
LAND'LOCK, v. t. To inclose or encompass by land.
LAND'LOCKED, pp. Encompassed by land, so that no
point of the compass is open to the sea.
LAND'LO-PER, 71. A landman ; literally, a land runner ;
a Lerm of reproach among seamen to designate a man who
passes his life on land.
LAND'LORD, n. [Sax. land-hlaford.] 1. The lord of a
manor or of land ; the owner of land who has tenants un-
der him. 2. The master of an inn or tavern.
t LAND'LORD-RY, 71. State of a landlord. Bp. Hall.
LAND'MAN, n. A man who serv^es on land.
LAND'MARK, n. 1. A mark to designate the boundary ot
land ; any mark or fixed object. — 2. In navigation, any
elevated object on land that serves as a guide to seamen
* See Synopsis. X, K, I, O, tJ, "?, long.— F^R, FALL, AVHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete.
LAN
485
LAP
LAND'-OF-FICE, n In the United States, an office in
which the sales of new land are registered.
LAND'S€aPE, n. [D. laiidschap ; Sw. landskap.] 1. A
portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend
in a single view, including mountains, rivers, lakes, and
whatever the land contains. 2. A picture, exhibiting the
form of a district of country, as far as the eye can reach.
3. The view or prospect of a district of country.
tLAND S€aPE, v> t. To represent in a landscape.
liAiVD'SLlDE, I n. A portion of a hill or mountain, which
LANDSLIP, ) slips or slides down ; or the slidmg down
of a considerable tract of land from a mounteiin. Oold-
smith.
LANDS'MAX, 7i. In seamen's language, a sailor on board
a ship, who has not before been at sea.
t LAIV'D STREIGHT, n. A narrow slip of land.
LAND'-TAX, 71. A tax assessed on land and buildings.
LAXD'-TURN, H. A land breeze. Encyc.
LAND'-WaIT-ER, 11. An officer of the customs, whose
duty is to icait or attend on the landing of goods.
LAND'WARD, adv. Toward the land. Sandys.
LAXD'-WIND, n. A wind blowing from the land.
LAND'-W6RK-ER, n. One who tills the ground.
LANE, n. [D. laan.] 1. A narrow way or passage, or a
private passage, as distinguished from a public road or
highway. 2. A passage between lines of men, or people
standing on each side.
LANG, a. The word in the J^orth of England for long;
langsome, also, for longsome, tedious.
LAN GRA6E, ) n. Langrel shot, or langrage, is a particular
LAN'GREL, \ kind of shot used at'sea for tearing sails
and rigging, and thus disabling an enemy's ship.
LANG'SET-TLE, n. A long bench to sit on. J^orth ofEng.
LANG-TER-A-LOO', n. A game a\, cards. Tatler.
LANGUAGE, 71. [Fr. langage ; Sp. lengua, lenguage.] 1.
Human speech ; the expression of ideas by words or sig-
nificant articulate sounds, for the communication of
thoughts. 2. Words duly arranged in sentences, written,
printed or engraved, and exhibited to the eye. 3. The
speech or expression of ideas peculiar to a particular na-
tion. 4. Style; manner of expression. 5. The inarticu-
late sounds by which irrational animals express their
feelings and wants. 6. Any manner of expressing
thoughts. 7. A nation, as distinguished by thek speech.
Dan. iii.
tLAN'GUAGE, v. t. To give language to j to express.
Lovelace.
LAN'GUAGED, a. Having a language. Pope.
L,AN'GUAGE-M:\S-TER, n. One whose profession is to
teach languages. Spectator.
LAN GUET, 71. [Fr. languette.] Any thing in the shape of
the tongue. [J\rot English.]
LAN'GUID, a. [L. languidus.] 1. Flagging ; drooping ;
hence, feeble; weak; heavy; dull; indisposed to exer-
tion. 2. Slow. 3. Dull ; heartless ; without animation.
LAN'GUID-LY, adv. Weakly ; feebly ; slowlv.
LAN GUID-NESS, 7!. I. Weakness from exhaustion of
strength ; feebleness ; dullness ; languor. 2. Slowness.
LAN GL^ISH, V. i. [Fr. languir, languissant.] I. To lose
strength or animation ; to be or become dull, feeble or
spiritless ; to pine ; to be or to grow heavy. 2. To wither;
to fade ; to lose the vegetating power. 3. To grow dull ;
to be no longer active and vigorous. 4. To pine or sink
under sorrow or any continued passion. 5. To look with
softness or tenderness, as with the head reclined and a
peculiar cast of the eye.
LAN'GUISH, V. t. To cause to droop or pine. [L. u.] Shak.
LAN GUISH, n. Act of pining ; also, a soft and tender look
or appearance. Pope.
LAN'GUISH-ER, n. One who languishes or pines.
LAN'GUISH-ING, ;;7>r. 1. Becoming or being feeble ; losing
strength ; pining ; withering ; fading. 2. a. Having a
languid appearance.
LAN'GUISH-ING-LY, adv. 1. Weakly ; feebly ; dully ;
slowly. 2. With tender softness.
LAN'GUISH-MENT, 71. 1. The state of pining. 2. Soft-
ness of look or mien, with the head reclined.
LAN'GUOR, 7i. [L. languor : Fr. langueur.] 1. Feeble-
ness ; dullness ; heaviness ; lassitude of body ; that state
of the body which is induced by exhaustion of strength.
2. Dullness of the intellectual faculty ; listlessness. 3.
Softness ; laxity.
t LAN'GUOR-OUS, a. Tedious; melancholy. Spenser.
t LAN'GURE, V. t. To languish. Chaucer.
LAN'IARD, (lan'yard) n. [Fr. laniere.'] A short piece of
rope or line, used for fastening something in ships.
t La'NI-A-RY, n. [L. lanio.] A shambles. Cockerdm.
La'NI-ATE, v. t. [L. lanio.'] To tear in pieces. \_L. .n]
L A-NI-a'TION, 71. A tearing in pieces. [Little used.]
LA-XIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lanifer,] Bearing or producing wool.
LAN'I-FlCE, 71. [L. lanificium.1 Manufacture of wool.
LA-NIG ER-OUS, a.] L./ariig-fT-.j Bearing or producing wool.
LANK, a. [Sax. hlanca.] 1. Loose or lax and easily yield-
ing to pressure ; not distended ; not stiff or firm by dis-
tension ; not plump. 2. Thin ; slender meager ; not full
and firm. 3. Languid ; drooping.
LANK'LY, adv. Thinly ; loosely ; laxly.
LANK'NESS, n. Laxity ; flabbtness ; leanness ; slendemess
LANKiY, a. Lank. [Vulgar.]
LAN'NER-ET, J "* [Fr. ZaTiJer.] A species of hawk.
LANS'aUE-NET, 71. [Fr.] 1. A common foot soldier. 2.
A game at cards.
LA]\T, n. 1. The old name for the game of loo. 2. Urine.
Brockett.
LAN'TERN, n. [Fr. lanterne ; L. laterna.] 1. A case or
vessel made of tin perforated with many holes, or of some
transparent substance, used for carrying a light. 2. A
light-house or light to direct the course of ships. — 3. In
architecture, a little dome raised over the roof of a build-
ing to give light, and to serve as a crowning to the fabric.
4. A square cage of carpentry placed over the ridge of a
corridor or gallery, between two rows of shops, to illu-
mmate them. — Magic lantern, an optical machine, by
which painted images are represented so much magnified
as to appear like the effect of magic.
LAN'TERN-FLY, n. An insect of the genus fulgora.
LAN'TERN-JAWg, n. A thm visage. Spectator.
LA-Nu'Gl-NOiJS, a. [L. lanuginosus.] Downy ; covered
with down, or fine, soft hair.
LAN'YARD. See Laniard.
LA-OD-I-Ce'AN, a. Like the Christians of Laodicea ; luke
warm in religion.
LA-OD-I-Ce'AN-ISM, 77. Lukewarmness in religion. E.
Stiles.
LAP, 71. [Sax. IcBppe ; D., Dan. lap.] 1. The loose part of a
coat ; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely. 2.
The part of clothes that lies on the knees when a person
sits down ; hence, the knees in this position.
LAP, V. t. 1. To fold ; to bend and lay over or on. 2. To
wrap or twist round. 3. To infold ; to involve.
LAP, V. i. To be spread or laid ; to be turned over.
LAP, V. i. [Sax. lappian.] To take up liquor or food with
the tongue ; to feed or drink by licking.
LAP, V. t. To take into the mouth with the tongue ; to lick
up. Shak.
LAP'DOG, n. A small dog fondled in the lap. Dryden.
LA-PEL', 71. That part of the coat which wraps over the
facing.
LAP'FULL, V. As much as the lap can contain.
t LAP'i-ClDE, 7(. A stone-cutter. Diet.
LAP-I-Da'RI-OUS, a. [L. lapidarius.] Stony ; consisting of
stones.
LAP'I-DA-RY, n. [Fr. lapidaire ; L. lapidarius.] 1. An ar-
tificer who cuts precious stones. 2. A dealer in precious
stones. 3. A virtuoso skilled in the nature and kinds of
gems or precious stones.
LAP'I-DA-RY, a. Pertaininato the art of cutting stones.
t LAP'I-DATE, V. t. JL. lapidc] To stone.
LAP-[-Da'TION, 71. The act of stoning a person to death.
LA-PID'E-OUS, a. [L. lapideus.] Stony; of the nature of
stone. [Little used.] Ray.
LAP-I-DES'CENCE, 7i. [L. lapidesco.] 1. The process ot
becoming stone ; a hardening into a stony substance. 2.
A stony concretion.
LAP-I-DES'CENT, a. Growing or turning to stone ; that
has the quality of petrifying bodies. Encyc.
LAP-I-DES'CENT, n. Any substance which has the quality
of petrifying a body, or converting it to stone.
LAP-I-DIF'I€, a. [L. lapis anifacio.] Forming or convert-
ing into stone.
LA-PID-I-FI-€A'TION, n. The operation of forming or
converting into a stony substance.
LA-PID'I-FY, V. t. [L. lapis anAfacio.] To form into stone
LA-PID'I-FY, v. i. To turn into stone ; to become stone.
LAP'I-DIST, «. A dealer in precious stones. See Lapidary
La'PIS, in Latin, a stone. — Lapis Bononicnsis, the Bolognian
stone. — Lapis hepaticus^ liver stone. — Lapis lazuli, azure
stone, an aluminous mineral, of a rich blue color, resem-
bling the blue carbonate of copper. [See Lazuli.] — Lapis
Lydius, touch-stone ; basanite ; a variety of siliceous slate.
LAP'LING, n. [from lap.] A term of contempt for one
wrapped up in sensual delights. Hewyt.
LAPPED, pp. [See Lap.] Turned or folded over.
LAP'PER, 7i. 1. One that laps; one that wraps or folds. 2
One that takes up with his tongue.
LAP'PET, 71. [dim. of lap.] Apart of a garment or dress
that hangs loose. Stcift.
LAP'PING, ppr. 1. Wrapping; folding; laying on. 2.
Licking ; taking into the mouth with the tongue.
LAPSE, (laps) 77. [L. lapsus.] 1. A sliding, gliding or flow-
ing ; a smooth course. 2. A falling or passing. 3. Aslip;
an error ; a fault ; a failing in duty ; a slight deviation
from truth or rectitude. — 4. In ecclesiastical law, the slip
or omission of a patron to present a clerl^ to a benefice,
within six months after it becomes void. — 5. In theology,
the fall or apostasy of Adam.
LAPSE, (laps) V. i. 1. To glide ; to pass slowly, silently, or
^ See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;— BULL , UNlTE.--€ as K , 6 as J ; S as Z j CBas SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
LAS
486
LAT
by degrees. 2. To slide or slip in moral condtlct ; to fail
in duty ; to deviate from rectitude ; to commit a fault. 3.
To slip or commit a fault by inadvertency or mistake. 4.
To fall or pass from one proprietor to another, by the
omission or negligence of the patron. 5. To fall from a
state of innocence, or from truth, faith or perfection.
LAPSED, pp. Fallen j passed from one proprietor to another
by the negligence of tlie patron.
LAP'SlD-ED, a. [lap and side.] Having one side heavier
than the other, as a ship. Mar. Diet.
LAPS'ING, ppr. Gliding ; flowing ; failing ; falling to one
person through the omission of anotJ)er.
LAP'STONE, n. A cobbler's stone on which he hammers
his leather. Brockett.
LAP'WING, n. A bird of the genus tringa ; the tewit.
LAP'WoRK, n. Work in which one part laps over another,
LAR, w^,- plu. La'res. [L.] A household deity. Lovelace.
LaR'BoAIID, n. The left-hand side of a ship, when a per-
son stands with his face to the head ; opposed to star-
board^
LAR'BoARD, a. Pertaining to the left-hand side of a ship.
LAR'CE-NY, n. [Fr. larcm.] Theft ; the act of taking and
carrying away the goods or property of another feloniously.
LARCH, n. [L. larix.] The common name of a division of
the genus pinus.
LARD, n. [Fr. lard; li.lardu.in.] 1. The fat of swine, after
beiiig melted and separated from the flesh. 2. Bacon ;
the flesh of swine. Dryden.
LARD, v.t. [Fi. larder.] 1. To staff" with bacon or pork.
2. To fatten ; to enrich. 3. To mix with something by
way of improvement.
LARD, V. i. To grow fat. Drayton.
LAR-Da'CEOUS, a. Of the nature of lard ; consisting of
lard.
LARD'ED, pp. Stuffed with bacon ; fattened ; mixed.
LARD'ER, n. A room where meat is kept or salted.
LARD'ER-ER, n. One who has the charge of the larder.
LAR'DON, n. [Fr.] A bit of bacon.
t LARD'RY, n. A larder.
fLARE, n. [Sax. lare,l<BTe.] Learning; scholarship.
LARGE, (larj) a. [Fr. large ; L. largus.] 1. Big ; of great
size; bulky. 2. Wide ; extensive. 3. Extensive or pop-
ulous ; containing mawy inhabitants. 4. Abundant ; plen-
tiful ; ample. 5. Copious ; diffusive. — 6. In seamen's
language., the wind is large when it crosses the line of a
ship's course in a favorable direction, particularly on tije
beam or quarter. 7. Wide ; consisting of much water.
8. Liberal ; of a great amount. — Jit large. 1, Without
restraint or confinement. 2. Diff'usely ; fully ; in the full
extent.
LARGE, n. Formerly., a musical note equal to four breves.
tLAR6E-HEART'ED-NESS,?i. Largeness of heart ; liber-
ality. Bp. Reynolds.
LARGE'LY, adv. 1. Widely; extensively. 2. Copiously;
diff'usely ; amply. 3. Liberally ; bountifully. 4. Abund-
antly*
LARGE'NESS, n. 1. Bigness ; bulk ; magnitude. 2. Great-
ness; comprehension. 3. Extent; extensiveness. 4.
Extension ; amplitude ; liberality. 5. Wideness ; ex-
tent.
LAR'GESS, n. [Fr. largesse.] A present ; a gift or dona-
tion ; a bounty bestowed. Dryden.
LARG'ISH, a. Somewhat large. [CT'TiMSMaZ.] Cavallo.
LAR'GOjOrLAR-GHET'TO. [It.] Musical terms, directing
to slow movement.
LAR-Gl"TION, n. [L. largitio.] The act of giving. Diet.
LARK, n. [Sax. laferc, lauerce ; Scot, laverok, lauerok.] A
bird of the genus alauda.
LARK'ER, n. A catcher of larks. Diet.
LARK'LiKE, a. Resembling a lark in manners.
LARK'S'-HEEL, n A flower called Indian cress.
LARK'SPUR, n. A plant of the genus delphinium.
LAR'MIER, 71. [Fr. ] The flat, jutting part of a cornice ;
literally, the dropper ; the eave or drip of a house.
LAR'UM, n. [G. Idrm.] Alarm ; a noise giving notice of
danger. See Alarm.
LAR'VA, or LARVE, n. [L. larva.] An insect in the
caterpillar state ; eruca.
LAR'VA-TED, a. Masked ; clothed as with a mask.
LA-RYN'GE-AN, a. Pertaining to the larynx.
LAR-YN-GOT'O-MY, n. [L. larynx, and Gr. reavio.] The
operation of cutting the larynx, or windpipe ; tracheotomy.
LAR'YNX, n. [Gr. Xapvy|.] In anatomy, the upper part of
the windpipe or trachea, a cartilaginous cavity.
LAS'CAR, n. In the East Indies, a native seaman, or a
gunner.
tLAS-CIV'I-EN-CY, LAS-CIV'I-ENT. See the next
words.
LAS-CIV'I-OUS, a. [Fr.lasdf; It., ^^.lascivo; L. lasd-
vus.] 1. Loose ; wanton ; lewd ; lustful. 2. Soft ; wan-
ton; luxurious.
LAS-CIV'I-OUS-LY, adv. Loosely ; wantonly ; lewdly.
LAS-CIV'I-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Looseness ; irregular indul-
gence of animal desires ; wantonness ; lustfulness. 2.
Tendency to excite lust, and promote irregular indulgen-
ces.
LASH, 71. [G.lasche.] L The thong or braided cord of a
whip. 2. A leash or string. 3. A stroke with a whip, or
any thing pliant and tough 4. A stroke of satire ; a sar-
casm ; an expression or retort that cuts or gives pain.
LASH, V. t. 1. To strike with a lash or any thing pliant,
to whip or scourge. 2. To throw up with a sudden jerk.
3. To beat, as with something loose ; to dash against 4.
To tie or bind with a rope or cord ; to secure or fasten by
a string. 5. To satirize ; to censure with severity.
LASH, V. i. To ply the whip ; to strike at. Drydeii.— To lash
out, is to be extravagant or unruly.
LASHED, ])p. 1. Struck with a lash ; whipped ; tied ;
made fastbya rope. — 2. In botany, ciliate ; fringed. Lee.
LASH'ER, n. One that whips or lashes.
LASHER, or LASH'ING, n. A piece of rope for binding or
making fast one thing to another.
LASH'FREE, a. Free from the stroke of satire. B. Jon-
son.
LASH'ING, n. Extravagance ; unruliness. South.
LASK, n. JL. laxu^s.] A looseness; a lax ; a flux. Burton,
LASS, n. fqu. from laddess.] A young woman ; a girl.
LAS'SI-TUDE, 71. [Fr. ; L. lassitudo.] 1. Weakness ; dull-
ness ; heaviness ; weariness ; languor of body or mind. —
2. Among physicians, liissitude is a morbid sensation of
languor which often precedes disease.
LASS'LORN, a. Forsaken by his lass or mistress.
LAST, a. [contracted from latest ; Sax. last.] 1. That
comes after all the others ; the latest. 2. That follows all
the others ; that is behind all the others in place ; hind-
most. 3. Beyond which there is no more. 4 Next
befot-e the present. 5. Utmost. 6. Lowest ; meanest.— j2«
last, at the last, at the end; in the conclusion. — To the
last, to the end ; till the conclusion.
liAST, adv. ]. The last time; the time before, the present,
2. In conclusion ; finally.
LAST, V. i. [Sax. last.an, Imstan.] 1. To continue in time ;
to endure ; to remain in existence. 2. To continue unim-
paired ; not to decay or perish. 3. To hold out ; to con-
tinue unconsumed.
LAST, n. [Sax. hlmste; G., Sw., D., Dan. last.] A load ;
hence, a certain weight or measure.
LAST, n. [Sax. lastc, Imste.] A mold or form of the human
foot, made of wood, on which shoes are formed.
t LAST' AGE, 71. [Fr. lestage.] I. A duty paid for freight
or transportation. 2. Ballast. 3. The lading of a ship.
LAST'AGED, a. Ballasted. Huloet.
t LAST'ER-Y, n. A red color. Spenser.
LAST'ING, ppr. 1. Continuing in time; enduring; re-
maining. 2. a. Durable ; of long continuance ; that may
continue or endure.
LAST'ING-LY, adv. Durably; with continuance.
LAST'ING-NESS, n. Durability; the quality or state of
long continuance. Sidney.
LAST'LY, adv. 1. In the last place. 2. In the' conclusion ;
at last ; finally.
LATCH, n. [Fr. loquet.] 1. A small piece of iron or wood
used to fasten a door. 2. A small line like a loop, used
to lace the bonnets to the courses, or the drabblers to the
bonnets.
LATCH,?;. ^ 1. To fasten with a latch ; to fasten. 2. [Fr
lecher.] To smear ; [obs.]
LATCH'ET, ?(. [from latch, Fr. lacet.] The string that
fastens a shoe. jJIark i.
LATE, a. [Sax. Icet, lat ; Goth. lata. This adjective has
regular terminations of the comparative and superlative
degrees, later, latest, but it has also latter, and latest is
often contracted into last.] 1. Coming after the usual
time; slow; tardy; long delayed. 2. Far advanced to-
wards the end or close. 3. Last, or recently in any place,
oflice or character. 4. Exiytuig not long ago, but now
decayed or departed. 5. Not long past ; happening not
long ago ; recent.
LATE, adv. 1. After the usual time, or the time appointed ;
after delay. 2. After the proper or usual season. 3. Not
long ago ; lately. 4. Far in the night, day, week, or other
particular period. — Of late, lately, in time not long past,
or near the present.— Too late, after the proper lime ; not
in due time.
LATE, V. t. [Icel. leita.] To seek ; to search.
t LaT'ED, a. Belated ; being too late. Shah.
LAT'EEN, a. A lateen sail is a triangular sail, extended by
a lateen yard.
LaTE'LY, adv. Not long ago ; recently. ■
La'TEN-CY, 71. The state of being concealed ; abstruse-
ness. PaUy.
LaTE'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being tardy, or of coming
after the usual time. 2. Time far advanced in any par-
ticular periqd. 3. The state of being out of time, or after
the appointed time.
La'TENT, a. [1^. latens.], Hid; concealed; secret; not
seen ; not visible or apparent. — Latent heat is heat in
combination, in distinction from sensible beat.
* See Synopsis. A , E, I, O, tj, ■£, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
LAT 487
LAU
LaT'ER, a. [comp. deg. of late.'] Posterior ; subsequent.
LAT'ER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. lateralis.'] 1. Pertaining to the
side. 2. Proceeding from the side.
t L AT-ER-AL'I-T Y, n. The quahty of having distinct sides.
LAT'ER-AL- LY, adv. 1. By the side ; sideways. Holder.
2. In the direction of the side.
LAT'E-RAN, n. One of the churches at Rome.
A LAT'E-RE, [L.] A legate a latere is a pope's legate or
envoy, so called because sent from his side, from among
his favorites and counselors.
\ LaT'ERED, a. Delayed. Chaucer.
LAT-ER-1-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. latns and folium.'] In
botany, growing on the side of a leaf at the base. Lee.
LAT-Ell-I"T10US, a. [L. lateritius.] Like bricks ; of the
color of bricks. Med. Repos.
■[• LATE' WARD, a. [Sax. weard, and late.] Backward.
Huloet.
t LATE' WARD, adv. Somewhat late.
LATH, n. [Fr. latte.] 1. A thin, narrow hoard or slip of
wood nailed to the rafters of a building to support the
tiles or covering. 2. A thin, narrow slip of wood nailed
to the studs, to support the plastering.
LATH, V. t. To cover or line with laths. Mortimer.
LATH, n. [Sax. leth.] In some parts of England, a part
or division of a county.
LATHE, n. [qu. lath.] An engine by which instruments
of wood, ivory, metals and other materials, are turned
and cut into a smooth round form.
LATH'EK, V. i. [Sax. Icthrian.] To fonn a foam with wa-
ter and soap ; to become froth, or frothy matter.
LATH'ER, V. t. To spread over with the foam of soap.
LATH'ER, 71. 1. Foam or froth made by soap moistened
with water 2. Foam or froth from profuse sweat, as of
a horse.
LATH'Y, a. Thin as a lath ; long and slender. Todd.
LATH'Y, a. [W. lleth.'] Flabby ; weak. JVew England.
LA-TIB'U-LiZE, v. i. [L. latibulum.] To retire into a den,
burrow or cavity, and lie dormant in winter ; to retreat
and lie hid.
LAT'I-€LAVE, n. [L. laticlavium.] An ornament of dress
worn by Roman senators.
LAT'IN, a. Pertaining to the Latins, a people of Latium, in
Italy ; RomUn.— Latin charch, the western church.
LAT'IN, n. 1. The language of the ancient Romans. 2.
An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into
Latin.
LAT'IN-LY, adv. So as to understand or write Latin. Hey-
lin.
LAT'IN-ISM, n. A Latin idiom ; a mode of speech pecul-
iar to the Latins. Addison.
LAT'IN-IST, n. One skilled in Latin.
LA-TIN'I-TY, n. Purity of tJie Latin style or idiom ; the
Latin tongue.
LAT'IN-lZE, V. t. To give to foreign words Latin termina-
tions, and make them Latin. Watts.
LAT'IN-lZE, V. i. To use words or phrases borrowed from
the Latin. Drydev.
LAT-I-ROS'TROUS, a. [L. latus and rostrum.] Having a
broad beak, as a fowl. Brown.
LaT'ISH, a. [from late.] Somewhat late.
LAT'I-TAN-CY, n. [L. latitans.] The state of lying con-
cealed ; the state of lurking. Brown.
LAT'I-TANT, a. Lurking; lying hid ; concealed. Boyle.
LAT'I-TAT, n. [L.] A writ by whicli a person is sum-
moned into the king's bench to answer, as supposing he
lies concealed.
LAT-I-Ta'TION, n. The state of lying concealed.
liAT'I-TUDE, n. [¥r.; 'L. latitudo.] 1. Breadth ; width ;
extent from side to side. 2. Room; space.— 3. In astrono-
my, the distance of a star north or south of the ecliptic. —
4. In geography, the distance of any place on the globe,
north or south of the equator. 5. Extent of meaning or
construction; indefinite acceptation. 6. Extent of devia-
tion from a settled point ; freedom from rules or limits ;
laxity. _7. Extent.
LAT-I-Tu'DI-NAL, a. Pertaining to latitude ; in the direc-
tion of latitude. Oregory.
LAT-I-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN, a. [Fr. latitudinaire.] Not re-
strained ; not confined by precise limits ; free ; thinking
or acting at large.
LAT-I-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN, n. L One Who is moderate in
his notions, or not restrained by precise, settled limits in
opinion ; one who indulges freedom in thinking.— 2. In
theology, one wlio departs in opinion from the strict prin-
ciples of orthodoxy ; or one who indulges a latitude of
thinking ana interpretation ; a moderate man.
LAT-I-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN-ISM, n. Freedom or liberality of
o'^mxon, particularly in theology. 2. Indifierence to re-
ligion.
La'TRANT, a. [L. latro.] Barking. Tickell.
t La'TRATE, v. i. To bark as a dog.
f LA-TRa TION, n. A barkmg.
La'TRI-A,ji. [L.] The highest kind of worship, or that
paid to God ; distinguished by the Catholics from dulia.
LA-TRo'BITE, 71. [from Latrobe.] A mineial.
fLATRO-CIN-Y, 7t. [1,. latrocinium.] Theft; larceny
LAT'TEN, n. [Fr. leton.] Iron plate covered with tin.
LAT'TEN-BRASS, n. Plates of milled brass.
LAT'TER, a. [an irregular comparative of late.] 1. Com-
ing or happening after something else ; opposed to former
2. Mentioned the last of two. 3. Modern : lately done or
past,
LAT'TER-LY, adv. Of late ; in time not long past ; lately.
LAT'TER-MATH, ?t. The latter mowing; that which is
mowed after a former mowing,
LAT'TiCE, n. [Fr. lattis.] Any work of wood or iron,
made by crossing laths, rods or bars, and forming open
squares like net-work.
LAT'TiCE, a. 1. Consisting of cross pieces. 2 Furnished
with lattice work.
LAT'TiCE, V. t. 1, To form with cross bars, and open
work, 2. To furnisli with a lattice.
LAT'TlCED, pp. Furnished with a lattice,
LAUD, n. [L, laus, laudis.] 1. Praise ; commendation ;
an extolling in words ; honorable mention ; [little used.]
2, That part of divine worship which consists in praise,
3. Music or singing in honor of any one,
LAUD, v. t. [L, laudo.] To praise in words alone, or with
wuids and singing ; to celebrate, Beniley.
LAUD'A-BLE, a. [L. laudabilis.] 1. Praiseworthy ; com-
mendable, 2, Healthy ; salubrious. 3. Healthy ; well
digested.
LAUD'A-BLE-NESS,r(, The quality of deserving praise;
praiseworthiness. [Laudability, in a like sense, has been
used, but rarely.]
LAUD'A-BLY, adv. In a manner deserving praise.
* LAUD'A-NUM, (lod'a-num) n. [from L. laudo.] Opium
dissolve_d in spirit or wine ; tincture of opium. Coxe.
t LAU-Da'TION, 71. [L. laudatio.] Praise ; honor paid,
LAUD'A-TiVE, /;. [L, laudativus.] A panegyric ; a eulo-
gy. [Little used.] Bacon.
LAUD'A-TO-RY, a. Containing praise ; tending to praise.
LAUD'yi-TO-RY n. That which cojitains praise.
LAUD'ER, n. One who praises.
LAUGH, (laff) v.i. [Bax. hlihan ; G.lachen; D. lachen.]
1. To make the noise and exhibit the features which are
characteristic of mirth in the human species, — 2. In poetry,
to be gay ; to appear gay, cheerful, pleasant, lively or
brilliant.— T'o laugh at, to ridicule ; to treat with some
degree of contenipt. — To laugh to scorn, to deride; to
treat with mockery, contempt and scorn.
LAUGH, (lalf) 7!. An expression of mirth peculiar to the
human species.
LATJGH'A-BLE, (liiffa-bl) a. That may justly excite laugh-
ter,
LaUGH-AND-LAY-DOWN, m. A game at cards. Skelton.
LAUGH'ER, (laffer) n. One who laughs, or is fond of
merriment. Pope.
LAUGHING, (laf fing) ppr. Expressing mirth in a particular
manner.
LAUGH'ING-LY, (laf fing-ly) adv. In a merry way ; with
laughter.
LAUGH'ING-STOCK, n. An object of ridicule.
LAUGH'TER, (lafFter) n. Convulsive merriment; an ex-
pression of mirth peculiar to man,
LAUGH'WoR-THY, a. Deserving to be laughed at,
LAU'MON-lTE, n. Efflorescent zeolite.
LAUNCH. See. Lanch.
fLAUND, 71. A lawn. CJiaucer.
LAtTND'ER, (land-er) n. [from L. lavo.] A washer-wom-
an ; also a long and hollow trough, used by miners to
receive the powdered ore from the box where it is beaten.
LAUND'ER, (land'er) v. t. To wash; to wet. Shale.
LAUND'ER-ER, (land'er-er) n. A man who follows the
business of washing clothes. Butler.
LAUN'DRESS, (lan'dres) n. [Fr. lavandiere.] A washer-
woman ; a female whose employment is to wash clothes.
LAUN'DRESS, (lan'dres) v. i. To practice washing.
LAUN'DRY, (lan'dry) n. [Sp, lavudero.] 1. A washmg,
2. The place or room where clothes are washed.
LAU'RE-ATE, a. [L, laureatus.] Decked or invested
with laurel, — Poet laureate, in Oreat Britain, an officer
of the king's hoUseliold, whose business is to compose an
ode annually for the king's birth-day, and for the new
year,
LAU'RE-ATE, v. t. To honor with a degree in the univer-
sity, and a present of a wreath of laurel. Warton.
LAU'RE-A-TED, pp. Honored with a degree and a laurel
wreath,
LAU-RE-A'TION, n. The act of conferring a degree in the
university, together with a wreath of laurel.
*LAU'REL, n. [Jj.laurus.] The bay-tree or Zffliimw.
* LAU'RELED, a. Crowned or decorated with laurel, or
with laurel wreath ; laureate.
LAU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. loMrus and fero.] Producing
or bringing laurel.
LAU'RUS-TIN,
LAUS'KRAUT,
r, n. [L. laumstinus.] A plant.
% 71. [G. I'dusekraut.'] A plant.
♦ jee Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNJTE.— € as K j 6 as J i S as Z i CH as BH i TH as in this, ^Obsolete
LAW
488
LAY
JLAU'TU, 71. A band of cotton, twisted and worn on the
head of ihe inca of Peru, as a badge of royalty.
* LA'VA, ?t. [It. laua.] 1. A mass or stream of melted min-
erals or stony matter which bursts or is thrown from the
mouth or sides of a volcano. 2. The same matter when
cool and hardened.
LA-Va'TION, n. [It. lavatiot] A washing or cleansing.
Li^y'A-TO-RY, n. [See Lave.] 1. A place for washing.
2.; A wash or lotion for a diseased part. 3. A place where
gQld is obtained by washing.
LAVE, V. t. [Fr. laver ; L. lavo.] To wash ; to bathe.
LAVE, V. i. To bathe ; to wash one's self. Pope.
t LAVE, V. t. [Fr. lever.] To throw up or out 3 to lade out.
Lave, «. The remainder or leaving. Grose.
t LaVE'eARED, a. Having large, pendent ears. Bp. Hall.
LA-VEEE,', V. t. [Fr. louvoyer.] In seamen^s language, to
tack ; to sail back and forth.
LAV'EN-DER, n. [L. lavendula.] A plant.
La'VER, n. [Fr. lavoir.] A vessel for washing 3 a large
' basin.
LAV'ER-0€K. See Lark.
Laving, ppr. Washing 3 bathing.
LAVISH, a. 1. Prodigal 3 expending or bestowing with
profusion 3 profuse. 2. Wasteful 3 expending without
necessity 3 liberal to a fault. 3. Wild 3 unrestrained.
LAVISH, V. t. 1. To expend or bestow with profusion. 2.
To waste 5 to expend without necessity or use 3 to squander.
LAVISHED, pp. Expended profusely 3 wasted.
LAVISH-ER, n. A prodigal 3 a profuse person.
LAV'ISH-ING, ppr. Expending or laying out with profu-
sion 3 wasting.
LAV'ISH-LY, adv. With profuse expense 5 prodigally 3
wastefiilly. Dryden. Pope.
LAVISH-MENT, ) or- a^-. c
LAVISH-NESS 1 ^' Profusion 5 prodigality. Spenser.
LA-VOL'TA, n. [It. la volta.] An old dance in which
were much turning and capering. Shak.
LAW, n. [Sax. laga, lage, lag, or lah ; Sw. lag ; Dan. lov ;
It. legge 5 Sp. Icy ; Fr. loL] 1. A rule, particularly, an
established or permanent rule, prescribed by the supreme
power of a state. — 2. Municipal law is a rule of civil con-
duct prescribed by the supreme power of a state, com-
manding what its subjects are to do, and prohibiting
what they are to forbear 3 a statute.— 3. Law of nature is
a rule of conduct arising out of the natural relations of
human beings established by the Creator, and existing
prior to any positive precept.— 4. Laws of animal nature,
the inherent principles by which the economy and func-
tions of animal bodies are performed.— 5. Laws of vegeta-
tion, the principles by which plants are produced. — 6.
Physical laws, or laios of nature. The invariable tendency
or determination of any species of matter to a particular
form with definite properties, and tlie determination of a
body to certain motions, changes, and relations, which
uniformly take place in the same circumstances, is called
a physical law. — 7. Laws of nations, the rules that regulate
the mutual intercourse of nations or states.— 8. Moral
law, a law which prescribes to men their religious and
social duties.— 9. Ecclesiastical law, a rule of action pre-
scribed for the government of a church 3 otherwise called
caiion law. — 10. Written law, a law or rule of action pre-
scribed or enacted by a sovereign, and promulgated and
recorded in writing.— 11. Unwritten or common law, a rule
of action which derives its authority from long usage, or
established custom.— 12. By-law, a law of a city, town or
private corporation 3 [see By.]— 13. Mosaic laic, the insti-
tutions of Moses.— 14. Ceremonial law, the Mosaic institu-
tions which prescribe the external rites and ceremonies.
15. A rule of direction 5 a directory 3 as reason and nat-
ural conscience. 16 That which governs or has a ten-
dency to rule. 17. The word of God 3 the doctrines and
precepts of God, or his revealed will. 18. The Old
Testament. 19. The institutions of Moses, as distinct
from the other parts of the Old Testament 3 as the law
and the prophets. 20. A rule or axiom of science or art 3
settled principle.— 21. Law martial, or martial law, the
rules ordained for the government of an army or military
force.— 22. Marine laws, rules for the regulation of navi-
gation, and the commercial intercourse of nations.— 23.
Commercial law, law-merchant, the system of rules by
which trade and commercial intercourse ate regulated
between merchants. 24. Judicial process 3 prosecution
of right in courts of law. Spectator. 25. Jurisprudence.
Civil lain, criminal law ; [see Civil and Criminal.]- iaws
of honor ; [see Honor.] Law Zano-itao-e, the language used
in legal writings and forms, particularly, the Norman dia-
lect, or Old French, which was used in judicial proceed-
ings from the days of William the Conqueror to the 36th
year of Edward III. — Wager of law. a species of trial
formerly used in England.
LAW'-BREaK-ER, n. One who violates the law.
LAW-DAY, n. 1. A day of open court. Shak. 2. A leet
or sheriff's tourn.
LAWFUL, a. 1. Agreeable to law 5 conformable to law 5
allowed by law 3 legal 3 legitimate. 2. Constituted oy
law 3 rightful.
LAW'FUL-LY, adv. Legally ; in accordance with law ,
without violating law.
LAW'Ft L-NESS, n. The quality of being conformable to
law 5 legality.
LAWGIV-ER, n. [law and give.] One who makes or enacts
a law 3 a legislator. Swift.
LAW'GIV-ING, a. Making or enacting laws 3 legislative.
LAW'ING, n. Expeditation 3 the act of cutting oflfthe claws
and balls of the fore feet of mastiffs.
LAWLESS, a. 1. Not subject to law 3 unrestrained bylaw.
2. Contrary to law 5 illegal 3 unauthorized. 3. Not sub-
ject to the ordinary laws of nature 5 uncontrolled.
LAW'LESS-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to law. Shak.
LAW'LESS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being unre-
strainedby law 3 disorder. Spenser.
LAW'-MA-KER, n. One who enacts or ordains laws 3 a
legislator 3 a lawgiver.
LAW'-M6N-GER, u. A low dealer in law 5 a pettifogger.
LAWN, n. [W. llan.] An open space between woods, or a
plain in a park or adjoining a noble seat.
LAWN, n. [Fr. linon.] A sort of fine linen, used in the
sleeves of bishops.
LAWN, a. Made of lawn.
LAWN'Y, a. 1. Level, like a lawn. 2. Made of lawn.
LAW'SuIT, n. A suit in law for the recovery of a supposed
right 3 a process in law instituted by a party to compel
another to do him justice.
LAW'YER, n. [that is, lawer, contracted from law-toer,
'iaic-man.] One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of
law 5 one whose profession is to institute suits in courts
of law, and to prosecute or defend the cause of clients.
LAW'YER-LiKE, a. Like a real lawyer.
LAW'YER-LY, a. Judicial. MUton.
LAX, a. [L. laxus.] 1. Loose 3 flabby 3 soft 3 not tense,
firm or rigid. 2. Slack 3 not tight or tense. 3. Not firm-
ly united 3 of loose texture. 4. Not rigidly exact. 5. Not
strict. 6. Loose in the bowels 3 having too frequent dis-
charges.
LAX, ?i. 1. A looseness 3 diarrhea. 2. [Sax. Lbx.] A spe-
cies of fish or salmon 3 [not in use.]
LAX-A'TION, n. [L. laxatio.] The act of loosening 3 or the
state of being loose or slackened.
LAX'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. lazatif.] Having the power or quali-
ty of loosening or opening the bowels, and relieving from
constipation.
LAX'A-TlVE, n. A medicine that relaxes the bowels and
relieves from costiveness 3 a gentle purgative.
LAX'A-TiVE-NESS, 11. The quality of relaxing.
LAX'I-TY, n. [L. laxitas.] ' '
Looseness of texture. 3. \Vant of exactness or precision.
4. Looseness 3 defect of exactness. 5. Looseness, as of
the bowels. 6. Openness 5 not closeness.
LAX'LY, ado. Looselv ; without exactness. Rees.
LAX'NESS, n. 1. Looseness 3 softness 3 flabbiness. 2. Lax-
ity. 3. Looseness. 4. Slackness, as of a cord.
LAY, pret. of he.
LAY, V. t. ; prei. and pp. laid. [Sax. lecgan, legan ; D. leg-
gen..] 1. Literally, to throw down 3 hence, to put or place.
2. To beat down 3 to prostrate. 3. To settle 5 to fix and
keep from rising. 4. To place in order 3 to dispose with
regularity in building. 5. To spread on a surface. 6. To
spread or set. 7. To calm 3 to appease 3 to still 3 to allay.
8. To quiet 3 to still 3 to restrain from walking. 9. To
spread and set in order 5 to prepare. ]0. To place in the
earth for growth. 11. To place at hazard 3 to wage 3 to
stake. 12. To bring forth 5 to exclude. 13. To add 5 to
join. 14. To put 5 to apply. 15. To assess 3 to charge 3
to impose. 16. To charges to impute. 17. To impose,
as evil, burden, or punishment. 18. To enjoin as a duty.
19. To exhibit ; to present or offer. 20. To prostrate 3 to
slay. 21. To depress and lose sight of, by sailing or de-
parting from. 22. To station 5 to set. 23. To contrive;
to scheme 3 to plan.
To lay a cable, to twist or unite the strands.-' 7*0 lay apart,
to put away 3 to reject. — To lay aside. 1. To put off or
away 3 not to retain. 2. To discontinue.— To lay away,
to reposit in store 3 to put aside for preservation.— 7*0 lay
before, to exhibit 3 to show 5 to present to view.— To lay
by. 1. To reserve for future use. 2. To put away 3 to
dismiss. 3. To put off.— To lay down. 1. To deposit, as a
pledge, equivalent or satisfaction 5 to resign. 2. To give
up 3 to resign 3 to quit or relinquish. 3. To quit 3 to sur-
render the use of. 4. To offer or advance.— To lay one^s
self down, to commit to repose. — To lay hold of, to seize ;
to catch. To lay hold on, is used in a like sense.— T'o lay
in, to store 3 to treasure 5 to provide previously. — To lay
on, to apply with force 3 to inflict. — To lay open, to open 5
to make bare 3 to uncover 5 also, to show 5 to expose 3 to
reveal. — To lay over, to spread over 3 to incrust 3 to cover
the surface.— ro lay out. 1. To expends as, to layout
money, or sums of money. 2. To display 3 to discover
3. To plan 3 to dispose in order the several parts. 4. T(
See Synopsis. A, fi, I, O, U Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T j— PREY ; PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— t Obsolete.
LEA
489
LEA
dress in grave clothes, and place in a decent posture. 5.
To exert. — To lay to. 1. To charge upon ; to impute. 2.
To apply with vigor. 3. To attack or harass ; [obs.] 4.
To check the motion of a ship, and cause her to be sta-
tionary. — To lay together^ to collect : to bring to one place ;
also, to bring into one view. — To lay to heart, to permit to
affect greatly. — To lay under, to s-ubject to. — To lay up,
1. To store ; to treasure ; to reposit for future use. 2. To
confine to the bed or chamber. — To lay siege, to besiege ;
to encompass with an army. — To lay wait, to station for
private attack ; to lay in ambush for.— To lay the course,
in sailing, is to sail, towards the port intended, without
gibing. — To lay waste, to destroy ; to desolate ; to deprive
of inhabitants, improvements and productions. — To lay
the land, in seameji^s language, is to cause the land ap-
parently to sink or appear lower by sailmg from it ; the
distance diminishing the elevation.
'tAY, V. i, 1. To bring or produce eggs. 2. To contrive ;
to form a scheme ; [unusual.] — To lay about, to strike or
throw the arms on all sides ; to act with vigor. — To lay at,
to strike, or to endeavor to strike. — To lay infer, to make
overtures for ; to engage or secure the possession of. — To
lay on. 1. To strike ; to beat ; to deal blows incessantly
and with vehemence. 2. To act with vehemence ; used
of expenses. Shak. — To lay out. 1. To purpose; to intend.
2. To take measures. — To lay upon, to importune ; [obs.]
•jAY, 71. 1. That which lies or is laid ; a row ; a stratum ;
a layer ; one rank in a series reckoned upward. 2. A
bet j a v/ager ; [little used.] 3. Station ; rank ; [obs.]
'jAY, n. [Sax. leag, leah, lege.] A meadow ; a plain or
plat of grass land.
jAY, n. [Sax. legh, or ley.] A song 3 as a loud or soft lay.
Milton.
LAY, a. [Fr. lai ; L. laicvs.] Pertaining to the laity or peo-
ple, as distinct from the clergy ,• not clerical.
LAY-€LERK', n. A vocal officiate in a cathedral.
LaY'ER, (la'er) n. 1. A stratum ; a bed ; a body spread
over another. 2. A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached
from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propaga-
tion. 3. A hen that lays eggs.
LaY'ER out, n. One who expends money ; a steward.
LaY'ER up, n. One who reposits for future use ; a treas-
urer.
LaY'ING, ppr. Putting ; placing ; applying ; imputing 5
wagering.
LaY'LAND, 71. Land lying untilled ; fallow ground.
LaY'MAN, n. 1. A man who is not a clergyman ; one of
the laity or people, disimct from the clergy. 2. An image
u sed by painters in contriving attitudes. 3. A lay-clerk.
LaY'STALL, 71. [lay and stall.] A heap of dung, or a place
where dung is laid. Ash.
La'ZAR, 7!. [from Lazarus ; Sp. lazaro.] A person infected
with nauseous and pestilential disease. Dryden.
LAZ-A-RET', ; 71. [It. lazzeretto ; Fr. lazaret.] A public
LAZ-A-RET'TO, \ building, hospital or pest-house for the
reception of diseased persons, particularly for those affect-
ed with contagious distempers.
La'ZAR-HOUSE, n. A lazaretto ; also, a hospital for quar-
antine.
Ll'lARri?^' i "• Full of sores; leprous. Bp. Hall.
Lk'ZAR-WoRT, or La'SER-"V^^6RT, n. Laserpitium, a
genus of plants of several species.
LAZE, 7;. I. To live in idleness. [Vulgar.]
LAZE, V. t. To waste in sloth. [ Vulgar.]
La'ZI-LY, adv. In a heavy, sluggish manner; sluggishly.
La'ZI-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being lazy ; indis-
position to action or exertion ; indolence ; sluggishness ;
heaviness in motion ; habitual sloth. — Laziness differs
from idleness ; the latter being a mere defect or cessation
of action, but laziness is sloth, with natural or habitual
disinclination to action. 2. Slowness ; tardiness.
La'ZING, a. Spending time in sluggish inaction.
LAZ'U-LI. Lapis lazuli is a mineral of a fine, azure-blue
color, usually amorphous. Cleaveland.
LAZ'U-LITE, 71. A mineral of a light, indigo-blue color.
La'ZY, a. [G. lass, Idssig.] 1. Disinclined to action or exer-
tion ; naturally or habitually slothful ; sluggish ; indolent ;
averse to labor ; heavy in motion. 2. Slow ; moving
slowly or apparently with labor.
LD, stands for lord.
LkA, or LEY, (le) 77. A meadow or plain.
LeACH, v. t. [Sw. laka.] To wash, as ashes, by percola-
tion, or causmg water to pass through them, and thus
^o separate from them the alkali.
LeACH, 77. A quantity of wood-ashes, through which wa-
ter passes, and thus imbibes the alkali.
LeACH'TUB, 77. A wooden vessel or tub in which ashes
are leached. It is sometimes written letch-tub.
LEAD, (led) 7i. [Sax. lad.] 1. A metal of a dull white color,
with a cast of blue. 2. A plummet or mass of lead, used
in sounding at sea. — 3. Leads, a flat roof covered with
lead. — nOiite lend, the oxyd of lead, ground with one
third part of chalk.
LEAD, (led) v.t. To cover with lead ; to fit with lead.
Lead, v. t. ; pret. and pp. led. [Sax. l(Bda7i ; G. leiten ; D
I'Meyu] 1. To guide by the hand. 2. To guide or con-
duct by showing the way ; to direct. 3. To conduct to
any place. 4. To conduct, as a chief or commander, im-
plying authority ; to direct and govern. 5. To precede ;
to introduce by going first. 6. To guide ; to show the
method of attaining an object. 7. To draw ; to entice-i;
to allure. 8. To induce ; to prevail on ; to influence. 9.
To pass ; to spend, that is, to draw out. — To lead astray,
to guide in a wrong way or into error ; to seduce from
truth or rectitude. — To lead captive, to carry into captivity.
Lead, v. L I. To go before and show the way. 2. To con-
duct, as a chief or commander. 3. To draw ; to have a
tendency to. 4. To exercise dominion. — To lead off or
out, to go first, to begin.
Lead, 77. Precedence ; a going before ; guidance.
LEAD'EN, (led'n) a. 1. Made of lead. 2. Heavy ; indis-
posed to action . 3. Heavy ; dull.
LEAD'EN-HEART'ED, a. Stupid; destitute of feeling.
LEAD'EN-HEELED, a. Moving slowly. Ford.
LEAD'EN-STEP'PING, a. Moving slowly. Milton.
LeAD'ER, 71. 1. One that leads or conducts ; a guide ; a
conductor. 2. A chief; a commander; a captain. 3.
One who goes first. 4. The chief of a party or faction.
5. A performer who leads a band or choir in nmsic.
LeAD'ING, p;)?-. 1. Guiding ; conducting ; preceding ; draw-
ing ; alluring ; passing life. 2. a. Chief; principal ; cap-
ital ; most influential. 3. Showing the way by going
first.
LeAD'ING, 71. Guidance ; the act of conducting ; direc-
tion.
LeAD'ING-STRINGS, 71. Strings by which children are
supported when begmning to walk. Dryden.— To he in
leading strings, to be in a state of infancy or dependence^
or^in pupilage under the guidance of others.
t LeAD'MAN, 77. One who begins or leads a dance.
LEAD'WoRT, (led'wurt) 77. Plumbago, a genus of plants.
LEAD'Y, (led'dy) a. Of the color of lead.
Leaf, 71. ,• plu. Leaves. [Sax. leafe.] 1. In botany, leaves
are organs of perspiration and inhalation in plants. 2.
The thin, extended part of a flower ; a petal. 3. A part of a
book containing two pages. 4. The side of a double door.
5. Something resembling a leaf in thinness and extension ;
a very thin plate. 6. The movable side of a table.
Leaf, v. 7. To shoot out leaves ; to produce leaves.
LeAF'AGE, 77. Abundance of leaves.
Leafed, pp. Having leaves.
LeAF'LESS, a. Destitute of leaves. Pope.
LeAF'LET, 77. I. A little leaf.— 2. In botany, one of the
divisions of a compound leaf; a foliole.
LeAF'-STALK, 77. The petiole or stalk which supports a
leaf. MarUjn.
LeAF'Y, a. Full of leaves ; as, the leafy forest. Dryden.
League, (leeg) 77. [Fr. ligue ; It. lega.] 1. An alliance or
confederacy between princes or states for their mutual
aid or defense ; a national contract or compact. 2. A
combination or union of two or more parties for the pur-
pose of maintaining friendship and promoting their mutual
interest, or for executing any design in concert.
League, (leeg) V. i. 1. Tc unite, as princes or states in a
contract of amity for mutual aid or defense ; to confed-
erate. 2. To unite or confederate, as private persons for
mutual aid.
League, (leeg) 77. [Sp. Ugua ; It. lega ; Fr. lieue.] 1. Orig-
inally, a stone erected on the public roads, at certain dis-
tances, in tlie manner of the modern mile-stones. 2. The
distance between two stones. With the E7iglish and
Americans, a league is the length of three miles."
Leagued, pp. United in mutual compact ; confederated.
LeAGU'ER, (lee'ger) 77. One who unites in a league ; a
confederate.
LeAGU'EE, 71. [D. beleggeren.] Siege; investmeni of a
town or fort by an army. [Little used.] Shak.
Leak, n. [D. lek ; G. leek.] I. A crack, crevice, fissure or
hole in a vessel, that admits water, or permits a fluid to
escape. 2. The oozing or passing of water or other fluid
or liquor through a crack, fissure or aperture. — To sjjring
a leak, is to open or crack so as to let in water ; to begin
to let in water.
fLEAK, a. Leaky. Spenser.
LEAK, V. i. To let water or other liquor into or out of a
vessel, through a hole or crevice in the vessel. — To leak
out, to find vent ; to escape privately.
LevVK'AGE, 77. LA leaking ; or the quantity of a liquor
that enters or issues by leaking. 2. An allowance, in
commerce, of a certam rate per cent, for the leaking of
casks.
LeAK'Y, a. 1. That admits water or other liquor to pass in
or out. 2. Apt to disclose secrets ; tattling ; not close.
LeAM'ER, 77. A dog; a kind of hound.
Lean, «>.7. [Saj.hlinian,hleo7iian.] 1. To deviate or move
from a straight or perpendicular line ; or to be in a po-
sition thus deviating. 2. To incline or propend ; to tend
' See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;- -BULL, UNITE— € as K 5 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
LEA
490
LEC
toward. 3. To bend or incline so as to rest on some-
tljing. 4. To bend ; to be in a bending posture.
Lean, v.t. ]. To incline J to cause to lean. Sliak. 2. [Ice.
luna,] To conceal ; [obs.] Ray.
LeAjV, a. [Sax. Ic^ne, or Mane.] 1. Wanting flesh ; meager ;
»ot fat. 2. Not ricli ; destitute of good qualities ; bare ;
uarren. 3. Low ; poor ; in opposition to rich or great ;
[unusual.] 4. Barren of tliought ; destitute of that which
improves or entertains ; jejune.
Lean, n. Tliat part of flesh which consists of muscle with-
out the fat. Farquhar,
LeAN'LY, adv. Meagerly ; without fat or plumpness.
LeAN'NESS, n. 1. Destitution of fat ; want of fiesh ; thin-
ness of body; meagerness. 2. Wantof matter ; poverty;
emptiness. — 3. In Scripture, wa.nl of grace and spiritual
comfort.
Lean 'TO, n. The part of a building which appears to lean
upon another. Pick. Focab.
fLEAN'Y, a. Alert; brisk; active. Spenser.
* Leap, v. i. [Sax. hleapan.] 1. To spring or rise from the
ground with both feet, as man, or witJi all the feet, as other
animals; to jump; to vault, 2. To spring or move
suddenly. 3. To rush with violence. 4. To spring ; to
bound ; to skip. 5. To fly ; to start.
*LeAP, v. t. 1. To pass over by leaping ; to spring or bound
from one side to the other. 2. To compress.
*LeAP, 71. 1. A jump; a spring; a bound ; act of leaping.
2. Space passed by leaping. 3. A sudden transition or
passing. Swij't. 4. TJie space that may be passed at a
bound. 5. Embrace of animals. 6. Hazard, or eflect of
leaping. 7. A basket; a weel for fish ; [obs.]
LeAP'EE., ?i. One that leaps. A horse is called a good
]_eaper.
LeAP'-FROG, 11, A play of children, in which they imi-
tate the leap of frogs. S!iak.
LeAP'ING, ppr. Jumping ; springing ; bounding ; skip-
ping
LeAP'ING-LY, adv. By leaps, Huloet.
LeAP'YeAR, 71. Bissextile, a year containing 366 days ;
every fourth year, which leaps over a day more thaji a
common year.
LEARN, (lern) v. t. [Sax. leomian ; G, lernen ; D. leeren.]
1. To gain knowledge of; to acquire knowledge or ideas
ofsomething before unknown. 2. To acquire skill in any
thin^ ; to gain by practice a faculty of performing. 3, To
teach ; to communicate the knowledge of something be-
fore unknown ; [improper.] Sliak.
LEARN, (lern) v. i. 1, To gain or receive knowledge ; to
receive instruction ; to take pattern ; with uf. 2. To
receive information or intelhgence.
LEARN'ED, (lernd) \pp. Obtained as knowledge or infor-
LEARNT, (lernt) \ mation.
LEARN'ED, (lern'ed) a. 1. Versed in literature and science.
2. Skillful ; well acquainted with arts ; knowing ; with
ill. 3. Containing learning 4, Versed in scholastic, as
distinct from other knowledge, — The learned, learned
men ; men of erudition ; literati
LEARN'ED-LY, (lern'ed-ly) adv. With learning or eru-
dition ; with skill. Swift.
LEARN'ED-NESS, n. State of being learned. Abp. Laud.
LEARN'ER, (lern'er) n. A person who is gaining knowl-
edge from instruction, from reading or study, or by other
means ; one who is in the rudiments of any science or
art.
LEARN'ING, (lern'ing) ppr. Gaining knowledge by in-
struction or reading, by study, by experience or observa-
tion ; acquiring skill by practice.
fiEARN'ING, (lern'ing) n. 1. The knowledge of principles
or facts received by instruction or study ; acquired knowl-
edge or ideas in any branch of science or literature ; eru-
dition ; literature ; science. 2. Knowledge acquired by
experience, experiment or observation. 3. Skill in any
thing good or bad.
LeAS A-BLE, a. That may be leased. Sherwood.
Lease, n. [Fr. laisser.] ]. A demise or letting of lands,
tenements or hereditaments to another for life, for a term
of years, or at will, for a rent or compensation reserved ;
also, the contract for such letting. 2. Any tenure by
grant or permission.
Lease, v. t. [Fr. lalsser.] To let ; to demise ; to grant the
temporary possession of lands, tenements or hereditaments
tq_ another for a rent reserved.
t Lease, (leez) ». i. [Sax. lesan.] To glean ; to gather
what harvest men have left. Dryden.
LEASED,_pp. Demised or let, as lands or tenements,
LeASE'HoLD, a. Held by lease. Swift.
LeA.S'ER, 71. A gleaner ; a gatherer after reapers.
♦LeASH, 71. [Fr. laisse, lesse.] 1. A thong of leather, or
long line by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a cours-
er his dog. — 2. Among sportsmen, a brace and a half;
tierce; three; three creatures of any kind, especially
grayhounds, foxes, bucks and hares. 3. A band where-
with to tie any thing. Boyle.
LeASH, v. t. To bind ; to hold by a string. Shak.
j LeAS'ING, n. [Sax leasunge.] Falsehood ; lies.
fLEAS'oW, w. [Sax. Imswe.] A pasture. Wickliffe
Least, a. [superl. of Sax. Ices, less, contracted from Imsest.
It cannot be regularly formed from little.] Smallest ; ]itt!e.
beyond others, either in size or degree.— Zeast is often
used without the neun to which it refers.
Least, adv. l. in the smallest or lowest degree ; in a de-
gree below all others.— ./3i least, or at the least. 1. To say
no more ; not to demand or affirm more than is barely suf-
ficient ; at the lowest degree. 2. To say no more.— The
least, in the smallest Aegiee.— At leastwise, in the sense
of at least, is obsolete.
LeAS'Y, a. Thin ; flimsy. It is usually pronounced slea-
zy. Ascham.
LeAT, n. [Sax. Ixt.] A trench to conduct water to or from
a mill.
LEATH'ER, ) n. [Sax. lether ; G., D. leder. The latter or-
LETH'ER, \ thography is more accordant with etymol-
ogy.] 1. Th(3 skin of an animal dressed and prepared for
use. 2. Dressed hides in general.' 3. Skin ; in an iron-
ical sense.
LEATH'ER, a. Leathern; consisting of leather.
LEATH'ER, v. t. To beat ; to lash, as with a thong of
leather ; a low word
LEATH'ER, or LETH'ER, v. i. [Sax. hleothrian.] To pro-
ceed with noise or violence ; to push forward eagerly; a
low expression.
LEATH'ER-€oAT, 7!. An apple with a tough rind.
LEATH'£R-DRESS-ER, n. One who dresses leather ; one
who prepares hides for use. Pope.
LEATH'ER-JA€K-ET, n. A fish of the Pacific ocean.
LEATH'ER-MOUTHED, a. "By leather-mouthed fish, I
mean such as have their teeth in their throat, as the
chub," Walton.
LEATH'ERN, a. Made of leather ; consisting of leather,
LEx\TH'ER-SELL-ER, n. A seller or dealer in leather.
LEATH'ER-WIx"«fGED, a. Having wings like leather*
Spenser,
LEATH'ER-Y, a. Resembling leather ; tough. Grew.
Leave, n. [Sax. Zea/, Ze/e.] 1. Permission; allowance;
license ; liberty granted by which restraint or illegality is
removed. 2, Farewell; adieu; ceremony of departure;
a formal parting of friends ; used chiefly in the phrase to
take leave.
Leave, v. t. ; pret, and pp, left. [Sax. Iwfan,] 1. To
withdraw or depart from ; to quit for a longer or shorter
time indefinitely, or for perpetuity. 2, To forsake; to
desert; to abandon; to relinquish, 3, To suffer to re-
main ; not to take or remove. 4. To have remaining at
death. 5. To commit or trust to, as a deposit ; or to suffer
to remain. 6. To bequeath ; to give by will. 7. To per-
mit without interposition. 8. To cease to do; to desist
from ; to forbear. 9. To refer ; to commit for decision. —
To be left to one's self, to be deserted or forsaken ; to be
permitted to follow one's own opinions or desires. — To
leave off. 1. To desist from ; to forbear. 2. To cease
wearing. 3. To forsake. — To leave out, to omit.
Leave, v. i. To cease ; to desist. — To leave off, to cease ;
to_desist ; to stop.
t Leave, v. t. [Fr. lever.] To raise. Spenser.
Leaved, a. [fiom leaf; but leafed would be preferable.]
1. Furnished with foliage or leaves. 2. Having a leaf, or
made with leaves or folds.
LEAVEN, (lev'n) n. [Fr. levain.] 1. A mass of sour
dough, which, mixed with a larger quantity of dough or
paste, produces fermentation in it, and renders it light.
2. Any thing which makes a general change in the mass.
LEAVEN, (lev'n) v. t. 1. To excite fermentation in ; to
raise and make light, as dough. 2 To taint ; to imbue.
Prior.
LEAVENED, (lev'vnd) pp. Raised and made light by fer-
mentation.
LEAVEN-ING, (lev'vn-ing) ppr. Making light by fermen-
tation.
LEAVEN-ING, (lev'vn-ing) n. That which leavens.
LEAVEN-OUS, (lev'vn-us) a. Containing leaven ; tainted.
Leaver, n. one who leaves ; one who forsakes.
Leaves, -n. plu. of leaf.
LeAVI-NESS, n. State ofbeing full of leaves.
Leaving, ppr, Quitting ; withdrawing from ; relinquish,
ing ; suffering to remain ; ceasing ; desisting from.
Leavings, n, plu. l. Things left; remnant; relics. 2.
Refuse ; offal. Swift.
LeAVY, a. Full of leaves; covered with leaves. [An
improper word ; it ought to be leafy,] Shak.
t LECH, for lick. See Lick.
LECH'ER, n. [It. lecco j G. lecken.] A man given to lewd-
ness.
LECH'ER, V. i. To practice lewdness ; to indulge lust.
LECH'ER-OUS, a. 1. Addicted to lewdness; prone to in-
dulge lust ; lustful ; lewd. 2. Provoking lust.
LECH'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Lustfully ; lewdly.
liECH'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Lust, or strong propensity to in-
dulge the sexual appetite.
See Synopsis., . A, E, I, 0, C, IT, Zow^.—FAE, FALL, WH^T ;— PEgY j— PiNj MAElJ^Ej SiRD j— f ObmleU.
i.EE
491
LEG
LECH'ER-Y, n. Lewdness; free indulgence of lust ; prac-
tice of indulging the animal appetite. Shak.
LEC'TION, n. [L. lectio.] 1. A reading. 2. A difference
or variety in copies of a manuscript or book. 3. A lesson
or portion of Scripture read in divine service.
LE€'TION-A-RY, n. The Komish service-book, containing
portions of Scripture.
LE€T'URE, 71. [Fr. lecture ; L. lectura.] 1. A discourse
read or pronounced on any subject ; usually, a formal or
methodical discourse, intended for instruction. 2. A
reading ; the act or practice of reading ; [little used.] 3.
A magisterial reprimand ; a formal reproof. 4. A recita-
tion ; rehearsal of a lesson.
LE€T'UE,E, v.i. 1. To read or deliver a formal discourse.
2. To practice reading lectures for instruction.
LE€T'UKE, V. t. 1. To instruct by discourses. 2. To in-
struct dogmatically or authoritatively ; to reprove.
LEeT'(JB,-ER, n. 1. One w^ho reads or pronounces lec-
tures ; a professor or an instructor who delivers formal
discourses for the instruction of others. 2. A preacher in
a church, hired by ,the parish to assist the rector, vicar
or curate.
LEeT'URE-SHIP, n. The office of a lecturer.
LE€T'UR-ING, ppr. Reading or delivering a discourse ;
reproving.
t LECT'URN, n. A reading desk. Chaucer.
LED, pret. and pp. of lead.
LED'-€AP-TAIN, n. [led arid captain.] A humble attend-
ant ; a favorite that follows as if led by a string.
LED'-HORSE, n. A sumpter horse.
■f LED'EN, n. [Sax. lyden.] Language ; true meaning.
LEDGE, 7t. [Sax. leger.] 1. A stratum, layer or row. 2.
A ridge; a prominent row. 3. A prominent part; a reg-
ular part rising or projecting beyond the rest. 4. A small
molding. 5. A small piece of timber placed athwait
ships, under the deck between the beams. C. A long
ridge of rocks near the surface of the sea.
LED6'ER, n. The principal book of accounts among mer-
chants ; the book into which the accounts of the journal
are carried in a summary form.
LEE, n. ; flu. Lees. [Fr. lie.] Dregs ; sediment. SefiLEEs.
LEE, 11. [Sw. la ; Dan. Z«.] Literally, a calm or sheltered
place, a^ace defended from the wind ; hence, that part
of the hemisphero towards which the wind blows, as op-
posed to that from which it proceeds. — Under the lee
denotes, properly, in the part defended from the wind. —
Under the lee of the land is, properly, near the shore which
breaks the force of the wind. — Under the lee of a ship, on
the side opposite to that on which the wind blows.
t LEE, V. i. To lie. [See Lie.] Chaucer.
LEE'-BoARD, n. A frame of plank affixed to the side of a
flat-botlonied vessel, to prevent it from falling to leeward
when close-hauled.
LEE'-GAGE, 71. A greater distance from the point whence
the wind blows, than another vessel has.
LEE'-LURCH, n. A sudden and violent roll of a ship to
leeward in a high sea.
LEE'-SHORE, n. The shore under the lee of a ship, or that
towards which the wind blows.
LEE'-SIDE, n. The side of a ship or boat farthest from the
point whence the wind bloWs ; opposed to the weather-side.
LEE'-TIDE, n. A tide running in the same direction that
the wind blows. A tide under the lee is a stream in an
opposite direction to the wind.
LEE'WARD, a. Pertaining to the part towards which the
wind blows ; as, a leeward ship.
LEE'WARD, adv. Towards the lee, or that part towards
which the wind blows ; opposed to windward.
LEE' WAY, 71. The lateral movement of a ship to the lee-
ward of her course, or the angle which the line of her
way makes with her keel, when she is close-hauled.
LEECH, 71. [Goth, leikeis ; Sax. liBc] 1. A physician ; a
professor of the art of healing ; as, cow-leech. Spenser.
[This word in the United States is nearly obsolete : even
cow-leech is not used.] 2. [Sax. Iceccan.] A blood-
sucker; a species of aquatic worm. — 3. In seamen's lan-
fruarre, the border or edge of a sail, which is sloping or
perpendicular ; as, the fore-leech.
f LEECH'-€RAFT, ti. the art of healing. Davies.
LEKCH'-LINE, 71. Leech-lines are rope's fastened to the
middle of the leeches of the main-sail and fore-saiJ.
LEECH'-ROPE, n. That part of the bolt-rope to Which the
skirt or border of a sail is sewed. Mar. Diet.
t LEEF, a. Kind; fond; pleasing; willing. See Lief.
LEEK, V. [Sax. leac] A plant with a bulbous root.
LEE'LITE, V. A mineral, so called from Dr. Lee.
LEER,?;.!. [D. gluuren, begluuren.] 1. To look obliquely ;
to turn the eye and cast a look from a corner, either in
contempt, defiance or frowning, or for a sly look. 2. To
look with a forced countenance.
LEER, V. t. To allure with smiles. Dryden.
LEER, n. [Sax. /iZearc, We<?r, the cheek.] 1. The cheek;
[obs.] 2. Complexion ; hue ; face, [ohs.] 3. An oblique
view. 4. An affecced CEist of countenance.
t LEER, a. [Sax. gelmr.] Empty ; trifling ; frivolous.
LEER'ING, ppr. Looking obliquely ; casting a look as-
kance.
LEER'ING-LY, adv. Witli an arch, oblique look or smile
LEES, 71. [Fr. lie.] The grosser parts of any liquor which
have settled on the bottom of a vessel ; dregs ; sediment.
t LEESE, V. t. To lose. [See Lose.] B. Jonson.
t LEESE, V. t. [L. Iwsus.] To hurt. Wickliffe.
LEET, a. The word in the north of England for light.
LEET, 71. In Great Britain, a court. The court-leet is a
court of record, held once a year, within a particular hun-
dred, lordship or manor, before the steward of the leet.
LEET'-ALE, ti. A feast or merry-making in the time of
leet.
LEFT, pret. and pp. of leave.
LEFT, a. [L Icbvus.] 1. Denoting the part opposed to the
right of the body. 2. The left bank of a river is that
which is on the left hand of a person whose face is to-
wards the mouth of the river.
LEFT-HAND'ED, a. 1. Having the left hand or arm more
strong and dextrous than the right ; using the left hand
and arm with more dexterity than the right. 2. Un-
lucky ; inauspicious; unseasonable; [obs.]
LEFT-HAND'ED-INESS, 7i. Habitual use of the left hand,
or rather the ability to use the left hand with more ease
and strength than the right.
LEFT-HAND'I-NESS, 7i. Awkwardness. Chesterfield.
LEG, 71, [Dan. IcBg.] 1. The limb of an animal, used in
supporting the body, and in walking and running ; prop-
erly, that part of the limb from the knee to the foot, but
in a more general seiise, the whole limb, including the
thigh, the leg and the foot. 2. The long or slender sup-
port of any thing. — To make a leg, to bow ; [I. u.] — To
stand on one's own legs, to support one's self; to trust to
one's own strength or efforts without aid.
LEG'A-CY, 71. [Sp.legadu.] A bequest; a particular thing,
or certain sum of money given by last will or testament.
LEG'A-CY-HUNT'ER, n. One who flatters and courts foi
legacies.
Lk'GAL, a. [Fr. ; L. legalis.] 1. According to law ; in
conformity with law. 2. Lawful ; permitted by law. 3.
According to the law of works, as distinguished from free
grace ; or resting on works for salvation. 4. Pertaining
to law ; created by law.
LE-GAL'I-TY, 71. 1. Lawfulness; conformity to law.— 2.
In theology, a reliance on works for salvation. Scott.
Le'GAL-iZE, v. t. 1. To make lawful ; to render confoiin-
able to law ; to authorize. 2. To sanction ; to give the
authority of law to that whicli is done without law 01
authority.
Le'GAL-LY, adv. Lawfully ; according to law ; in a man-
ner permitted by law.
LEG'A-TA-RY, n. [Fr. legataire ; L. legatarius.] A leg
atee ; one to whom a legacy is bequeathed.
LEG'ATE, 71. [Fr. legat ; L. legatus.] The pope's embas-
sador to a foreign prince or state ; a cardinal or bishop
sent as the pope's representative or commissioner to a
sovereign prince.
LEG-A-TEE', 71. [L. lego.] One to whom a legacy is be-
queathed. Swift.
LEG'ATE-SHIP, 71. The office of a legate.
LEG'A-TINE, a. 1. Pertaining to a legate. 2. Made by
or proceeding from a legate. Ayliffe.
LE-Ga'TION, 71. ['L.legatio.] An embassy ; a deputation ;
properly, a sending, but generally, the person or persons
sent as envoys or embassadors.
* LE-Ga'TOR, 71. [L.l A testator; one who bequeaths a
legacy. [Little used.] Dryden.
t LEGE, V. t. To alledge ; to lighten. Chaucer.
* LEG'END, or Le'GEND, 71. [It. leggenda ; L. legenda.]
1. A chronicle or register of the lives of saints, formerly
read at matins, and at the refectories of religious houses.
2. An idle or ridiculous story told respecting saints. 3.
Any memorial or relation. 4. An incredible, unauthentic
narrative. ,5. An inscription, particularly on medals and
on coins. Addison.
LEG'END, v. t. To tell or narrate, as a legend. Hall.
* LEG'EN-DA-RY, a. Consisting of legends ; fabulous ;
strange.
* LEG'EN-DA-RY, 71. A book of legends ; a relator of leg-
ends. Sheldon.
LEG'ER, 71. [D. leggen ; Sax. lecgan.'j Any thing that lies
in a place ; that which rests or remain!^ ; sometimes used
as a 710M71, but more frequently as an adjective ; as, a leger
embassador, that is, resident ; but the word is now obso-
lete, except in particular phrases. — A leger-line, in music,
a line added to the staff of five lines,°when more lines
than five are wanted, for designating notes ascending or
descending. — A leger-book, or leger, a book that lies in
the counting house, the book into which merchants carry
a summary of the accounts of the journal ; usually writ-
ten ledger
LEG-ER-DE-MAIN', 7i. [Fr. leger. It. leggiero, and Fr.
demain.] Slight of hand ; a deceptive performance which
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE e as K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j Tli as in tlds. t Obsolete.
LEM
492
LEN
ilepends on dexterity of hand ; a trick performed with
sucli art and adroitness, that the manner or art eludes
observation. The word is sometimes used adjectively ;
as, a legerdemain trick.
t LE-GEll'I-TY, n. [Fr, legerete.] Lightness ; nimWeness.
LE^GE, V. t. [Sax. lecgan.] To lay. Wickliffe.
LLG-'GED, a. [from leg,] Having legs ; used in composi-
tion ; as, a two-legged animal.
LEG GIN, 71, A cover for the leg ; a garment that incloses
the leg. Mackeniie.
LEG-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Legibleness ; the quality or state of
being legible.
LEG'I-BLE, a. [L legibilis.] 1. That may be read ; con-
sisting of etters or figures that may be distinguished by
the eye. 2. That may be discovered or understood by
ajjp.arent marks or indications
LEGI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being legible.
LEGl-BLY, adv. In such a manner as may be read.
IjE'GION, n. [L. legic] 1. In Roman antiquity, a body of
infantry consisting of different numbers of men at differ-
ent periods, from three to five thousand. 2. A military
for^e ; military bands. 3. A great number.
Le GION-A-RY, a. I. Relating to a legion or to legions. 2.
Consisting of a legion or of legions. 3. Containing a great
number.
Le'GION-A-RY, n. One of a legion. Milton.
LEG'IS-LATE, v. i. [L. lex, legis, and fero, latvMi.] To
make or enact a law or laws.
LEG-IS-La'TION, 71. [Fr.] The act of passing a law or
laws ; the enacting of laws. Littleton.
* LE6'IS-La-TiVE, a. [Fr. legislatif.] 1. Giving or en-
acting laws. 2. Capable of enacting laws. 3. Pertaining
to the enacting of laws ; suitable to laws. 4. Done by
enacting; as, a legislative act. [JVote. In this word, and
in legislator, Ugislatrix, legislature, the accent is nearly
equal on the first and third syllables, and a, in the third,
has its long sound.]
* LE6-IS-La'T0R, or LE6'IS-La-T0R, n. [L.] A law-
giver ; one who makes laws for a state or community.
This word is limited in its use to a supreme lawgiver, the
lawgiver of a sovereign state or kingdom, and is not ap-
plied to men that make the by-laws of a subordinate cor-
poration.
V LEG-IS-La'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a legislator.
fc LEG-IS-La'TRESS, ) n. A female who makes laws.
* LEG-IS-La'TRIX, \ Tooke.
* LEG'IS-LaT-URE, n. [Sp. leghslatura.] The body of
men in a state or kingdom, invested with power to make
and repeal laws ; the supreme power of a state.
Le'GIST, 7). One skilled in the laws. Marston.
LE-GlT'I-Mxl-C Y, n.l. Lawfulness of birth. 2. Genuine-
ness.
LE-GIT'I-MATE, a. [Fr. legitime; L. legitimus.] 1. Law-
fully begotten or bom 3 born in wedlock. 2. Genuine ;
real ; proceeding from a pure source ; not false or spu-
rious.
LE-GIT'I-MATE, v. t. [Fr. legitimer.] 1. To make law-
ful. 2. To render legitimate; to communicate the rights
of a legitimate child to one that is illegitimate ; to invest
with the rights of a lawful heir. Jiyliffe.
LE-GIT'I-MATE-LY, arfi'. 1. Lawfully ; according to law.
2. Genuinely ; not falsely. Dryden.
LE-GIT'I-MATE-NESS, n. Legality; lawfulness; gen-
uineness.
LE-6IT-I-Ma'TI0N, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of rendering le-
gitimate, or of investing an illegitimate child with the
rights of one born in wedlock. 2. Lawful birth. S/iak.
LEG'UME, ) 71. [L. legumen ; Fr- legume.] 1. In botany,
LE-GtJ'MEN, \ a pericarp or seed-vessel, of two valve's,
in which the seeds are fixed to one suture only. — 2. In
the plural, pulse, peas, beans, &c.
LE-Gu'MI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to pulse ; consisting of
pulse.
* LEIS'U-RA-BLE, a. Vacant of employment ; not occupied.
* LEIS'U-RA-BLY, adv. At leisure ; without hurry.
* LEIS'URE, (lezh'ur, or lee'zhur) n. [Fr. loisir.] 1. Free-
dom from occupation or business ; vacant time ; time free
from employment. 2. Convenience of time ; [obs.]
* LEIS'URE-LY, a. Done at leisure ; not hasty ; deliber-
ate ; slow.
* LEIS'URE-LY, adv. Not in haste or hurry ; slowly ; at
leisure ; deliberately.
tLi?.'MAN, V. A sweetheart; a gallant; or a mistress.
t LEME, "t. [Sax. ZeoTTia.] A ray of light. Chaucer.
\ LEME, i. To shine.
LEM' MA, 71. [Gr. X»y/i/^a.] In 7wflt7ie7«ffltic.9, a previous prop-
osition proved, or a proposition demonstrated for the pur-
pose of being used in the demonstration of some other
proposition. It is therefore a received truth. Day.
LEM'MING, or Le'MING, n. A species of animal belong-
ing to the genus mu^ ; a kind of rat.
LE1\1'NIS-€ATE, n. [L. lemniscus.] A curve in the forni
of the figure 8.
LEM'ON, 71. [Fi.,Sp.limon.] 1. The fruit of a tree be-
' longing to the genus citrus.— 2. Lemon or lemon-tree, the
tree thatproduces lemons.
LEM-ON-aDE', 71. [Fr. Wnonade.] A liquor consisting of
lemon juice mixed with water and sweetened.
Le'MLTR, 71. [L.l A genus of quadrupeds, the 7/iafci5.
Le'MURES, 71. [L.] Hobgoblins ; evil spirits. [JVoi Eng-
lish.]
LEND, V. t. ; pret. and pp. lent. [Sax. Imnan.] 1. To grant
to another for temporary use, on the express or implied
condition that the thing shall be returned. 2. To grant a
thing to be used, on the condition that its equivalent in
kind shall be returned. 3. To aflbrd ; to grant; to fur-
nish, in general. 4. To grant for temporary use, on con-
dition of receiving a compensation at certain periods for
the use of the thing, and an ultimate return of the thing,
or its full value. 5. To i)ermit to use for another's ben-
efit. 6. To let for hire or compensation. Paley.
LEND'A-BLE, a. That may be lent. Sherwood.
LEND'ER, n. 1. One who lends. 2. One who makes a
trade of putting money to mterest. Dryden.
LENDING, ppr. Granting for temporary use. See Lend.
LEND'ING, 7/. 1. The act of loaning. 2. That which ia
lent or furnished. Shak.
t LENDS, n. [Sax.] Loins. Wickliffe.
LENGTH, 71. [Sax. lengthe, from leiig, long.] 1. The ex-
tent of any thing material frem end to end ; the longest
line which can be drawn through a body, parallel to its
sides. 2. Extent; extension. 3. A certain extent; a
portion of space ; with a plural. 4. Space of time; dura-
tion, indefinitely. 5. Long duration. 6. Reach or ex-
tent. 7. Extent. 8. Distance.— ./2t length. 1. At or in
the full extent. 2. At last ; at the end or conclusion.
t LENGTH, t. t. To extend.
LENGTH'EN, (length'n) v. t. 1. To extend in length ; to
make longer ; to elongate. 2. To draw out or extend in
time ; to protract ; to continue in duration. 3. To ex-
tend. 4. To draw out in pronunciation.
LENGTH'EN, v. i. To grow longer ; to extend in length.
LENGTH'ENED, pp. Made longer ; drawn out in length ;
continued in duration.
LENGTH'EN-IiVG, ppr. Making longer; extending in
length or in duration.
LENGTH'EN-ING, 7!. Continuation; protraction.
LENGTH'FUL, a. Of great length in measure.
LENGTH'VViSE, adv. In the direction of the length ; in a
longitudinal direction.
LENGTH'Y, a. Being long or moderately long ; not short ^.
not brief; applied mostly to moral subjects, as to dis-
courses, writings, &c. ; as, a lengthy sermon. London
Quarterly Revieiv. Lord Byron,
Le'NI-ENT, a. [L. Ienie7is.] 1. Softening; mitigating •_
assuasive. 2. Laxative ; emollient.
Le'NI-ENT, n. That which softens or assuages ; an emol
lient. Wiseman.
LEN'I-Fy, v. t. To assuage ; to soften ; to mitigate. [L. u.]
t LEN'I-MENT, n. An assuasive.
LEN'I-TIVE, a. [It. lenitivo ; Fr. lenitif.] Having the
quality of softening or mitigating ; as pain or acriniony :
assuasive; emollient.
LEN'I-TiVE, n. 1. A medicine or application that has the
quality of easing pain ; that which softens or mitigates.
2. A palliative ; that which abates passion. South,
LEN'I-TY, 7i. ['L,lenitas.] Mildness of temper ; softness :
tenderness ; mercy.
LEN'NOCK, a. Slender; pliable. Lancashire Gloss.
LENS, 71. ; plu. Le?jses. [L. lens.] A transparent sub-
stance, usually glass, so formed that rays of light passing
through it are made to change their direction, and tc
magmfy or diminish objects at a certain distance.
t LENT, a. Slow ; mild. B. Jonson.
LENT, pp. of lend.
LENT, 7!. [Sax. lencten,] The quadragesimal fast, or fast
of forty days, observed by the Christian church before
Easter, the festival of our Savior's resurrection. It be-
gins at Ash-Wednesday, and continues till Easter.
LENTEN, a. Pertaining to lent ; used in lent ; sparing.
LEN-TI€'U-LAR, a, [L. lenticidaris,] 1. Resembling a
lentil. 2. Having the form of a lens ; lentiform.
LEN-TI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the manner of a lens ; with
a curve.
LEN-TI€'U-LITE, v. A petrified shell.
LENT'I-FORM, a. [L. lens and forma.] Of the form of a
lens.
LEN-TIG'I-NOUS, a. [L. leiitigo.] Freckly , scurfy ; fnr-
fuiacenus.
LEN-Ti'GO, 77. A freckly eruption on the skin.
LEN'TIL, n. [Fr. lentiUe.] A plant.
LEN'TISK, ) n. [Fr. lentisque ; L. levtiscus.] A tree
LEN-TIS'€US, ( of the genus pistacia, the mastich-tree.
jLENT'I-TUDE, n. [L. levtus.] Slowness.
LENT'NER, n. A kind of hawk. Walton.
LENT'OR, n. [L.] 1. Tenacity; viscousness. 2. Slow-
ness; delay; sluggishness. 3. Siziness; thickness of ~
fluids ; viscidity ; a term used in the humoral pathology.
*See Synopsis. A> E, I, 0, U, Y, Zoti^.— FAR,, FALL, WH^T ;— PR^Y ;— HN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
LET
LEV
LENT'OUS, a. [L. Zerattw.] Viscid j viscous ; tenacious.
Brown.
LEN'ZI-NITE, n. [(torn Lenzius.'] A mineral.
Le'O, ?i [LO The Lion, the fifth sign of the zodiac.
Le'OD, n. The people; or, rather, a nation; country.
Oibson.
LiE'OF, n. ieo/ denotes love ; so Leofwin,a. winner of love j
Leofstan, best beloved. Oibson.
Le'0-NINE, a. [L. Uoninus.^ Belonging to a lion ; resem-
bling a lion, or partaking of his qualities, — Leonine verses,
so named from Leo, the inventor, are those, the end of
which rhymes with the middle.
Le'0-NINE-LY, adv. In the manner of a lion.
LEOP'ARD, (lep'ard) n. [L. leo anA pardus.'\ A rapacious
quadruped of the genus felis.
LEOP'ARD'S-BANE, n. A plant. Lee.
LEP'ER, n. [L. lepra ; Fr. Zepre.] A person afiected with
leprosy.
LEP'ID, a. [L. lepidus.'] Pleasant; jocose. [Little used.l
LEP'I-DO-LITE, n. [Gr. Asttj?.] A mineral.
LEP'I-DOP-TER, I n. [Gr. Aen-t? and Trrepov.] The lep-
LEP-I-DOP'TE-RA, \ idopters are an order of insects hav-
ing four wings.
LEP-I-DOP'TE-RAL, a. Belonging to the order of lepi-
dopters.
* LEP'0-RINE, a. [L. leporinns.] Pertaining to a hare ; hav-
ing the nature or qualities of the hare.
LE-PROS'1-TY, n. Squamousness. [Little used.] Bacon.
liEP'RO-SY, n. A foul cutaneous disease, appearing in dry,
white, thin, scurfy scabs, attended with violent itching.
LEP'ROUS, a. [Fr. lepreux.] Infected with leprosy ; cov-
ered with white scales.
liEP'ROUS-LY, adv. In an infectious degree.
LEP'ROUS-NESS, 71. State of being leprous. Shenoood.
jLERE, M. Learning; lesson; lore. Spenser.
t LERE, V. t. To learn ; to teach. Chaucer.
liERE, a. Empty.
LER'RY, n. [from lere.] A rating; a lecture. A rustic
word.
Le'SION, (le'zhun) n. [L. IcBsio.] A hurting ; hurt ;
wound ; injury. Rush.
+ LESS, for unless.
LESS, a terminating syllable of many nouns, and some ad-
jectives, is the Sax. leas, Goth, laus, belonging to the
verb lysan, lausyan, to loose, free, separate. Hence it is
a privative word, denoting destitution ; as, a witless man,
a man destitute of wit; childless, withovX children ; /a-
therless ; faithless ; pennyless ; lawless, &c.
LESS, a. fSax. ZcB5. iess'has the sense of the comparative
degree of little.] Smaller ; not so large or great.
LESS, adv. Not so much ; in a smaller or lower degree.
LESS, n. 1. Not so much. 2. An inferior.
t LESS, V. t. To make less. Gower.
LES-SEE', n. The person to whom a lease is given.
LESS'EN, (les'n) v. t. [from less.] 1. To make less ; to
diminish ; to reduce in bulk, size, quantity, number or
amount ; to make smaller. 2. To diminish in degree,
state or quality. 3. To degrade ; to reduce in dignity.
LESS'EN, (les'n) v. i. 1. To become less ; to shrink ; to
contract in bulk, quantity, number or amount ; to be di-
minished. 2. To become less in degree, quality or inten-
sity ; to decrease.
LESS'ENED, pp. Made smaller; diminished.
LESS'EN-ING, ppr. Reducing in bulk, amount or degree ;
degradiiLg.
LESS'ER, a. [Sax. Imssa, Iwsse. This word is a corrup-
tion, but too well established to be discarded.] Less ;
smaller. Authors always write the Lesser Asia.
LESS'ER, adv. Less. Shale.
LES'SES, n. [Fr. laissees.] The dung of beasts left on the
ground.
LES'SON, (les'n) n. [Fr. legon ; L. lectio.] 1. Any thing
read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner for im-
provement ; or such a portion of a book as a pupil learns
and repeats at one time. 2. A portion of Scripture read
in divine service. 3. A portion of a book or manuscript
assigned by a preceptor to a pupil to be learnt, or for an
(exercise ; something to be learnt. 4, Precept ; doctrine
or notion inculcated. 5. Severe lecture ; reproof; rebuke.
6. Tune written for an instrument. 7. Instruction or
truth, taught by experience.
LES'SON, (les'n) v. t. To teach ; to instruct. L^Estrange.
JjES'SONED, pp. Taught; instructed-
LES'SON-ING, ppr. Teaching.
LES'SOR, 71. [from lease.] One who leases; the person
who lets to farm, or gives a lease. Blackstone.
* LEST, conj. [Sax. leas.] That not ; for fear that.
LET, V. t.; pret. and pp. let. Letted is obsolete. [Sax. Itetan,
letan ; Goth, letan.] 1. To permit ; to allow ; to suffer ;
to give leave or power by a positive act, or, negatively, to
withhold restraint ; not to prevent. 2. To lease ; to grant
possession and use for a compensation. 3. To suffer; to
permit ; with the usual sign of the infinitive ; [obs.] — 4.
In the imperative mode, let has the following uses. Fol-
lowed by the first and third persons, it expresses desire or
wish. Followed by the first person plural, it expresses
exhortation or entreaty. Followed by the third person,
it implies permission or command addressed to an inferi-
or. 5. To retard ; to hinder ; to impede ; to interpose
obstructions ; 2 Thess. ii. [obs.]— To let alone, to leave ;
to suffer to remain without intermeddling. — To ..et down,
to permit to sink or fall ; to lower. — To let loose, to free
from restraint ; to permit to wander at large. — To let in
or into, to permit or suffer to enter; to admit.— To let
blood, to open a vein and suffer the blood to flow' out. —
To let out, to suffer to escape ; also, to lease or let to hire.
— To let off, to discharge, to let fly, as an arrow ; or cause
to explode, as a gun.
t LET, v.i. To forbear. Bacon.
LET, 11. A retarding ; hinderance ; obstacle ; impediment ;
delay.
LET, [Sax. lyte.] A termination of diminutives ; as, hamlet
a little house ; rivulet, a small stream.
LeTCH, 71. 1. A vessel to put ashes in, to run water through ,
for the purpose of making washing lye. Ray. [See Leach,]
2. A long, narrow swamp, m which water moves slowly
among rushes and grass. Brockett.
Le'THAL, a. [L. lethalis.] Deadly; mortal; fatal.
LE-THAL'I-TY, n. Morlalitv. Jlkins.
LE-THAR'GI€, ) a. [L. lethargicus.] Preterna;<. rally
LE-THAR'GI-t!AL, \ inclined to sleep ; drowsy ; dull ;
heavy.
LE-THAR'GI-€AL-LY, adv. In a morbid sleepiness.
LE-THAR'6I-€AL-NESS, \ n. Preternatural or morbid
LE-THAR'GI€-NESS, \ sleepiness.
LETH'AR-GIED, pp. or a. Laid asleep ; entranced. Shah.
LETH'AR-6Y, n. [L, lethargia.] 1. Preternatural sleepi-
ness ; morbid drowsiness ; continued or profound sleep,
from which a person can scarcely be awaked, and if
awaked, remains stupid. 2. DuU'iess; inaction; inat-
tention.
LETH'AR-6Y, v. t. To make lethargic or dull. Churchill
Le'THE, n. [Gr. \r]Qr].] Oblivion ; a draught of oblivion
LE-THe'AN, a. Inducing forgetfulness or oblivion.
LE-THIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. Ze(4w?«and/ero.] Deadly ; mor-
tal ; bringing death or destruction.
LET'TER, n. 1. One who permits. 2. One who retards
or hinders. 3. One who gives vent.
LET'TER, 71. [Fr. lettre ; It. lettera ; L, dtera.] 1. A
maik or character, written, printed, engraved or painted ;
used as the representative of a sound, or of an articula-
tion of the human organs of speech. 2. A written or
printed message ; an epistle. 3. The verbal expression ;
the literal meaning. 4. Type ; a character formed of
metal or wood, usually of metal, and used in printing
books. — 5. Letters, in the plural, learning; erudition. —
Dead letter, a writing or precept which is without au-
thority or force, — Letter of attorney, a writing by which
one person authorizes another to act in his stead. — Letter
of marque, a private ship commissioned or authorized by
a government to make reprisals on the ships of anothei:
state. [See Marque.] — Letters patent, or overt, open, a
writing executed and sealed, by which power and author-
ity are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some
right.
LET'TER, V. t. To impress or form letters on.
LET'TER-€ASE, n. A case or book to put letters in.
LET'TERED, pp. Stamped with letters.
LET'TERED, a. 1. Literate ; educated ; versed in liter-
ature or science. 2. Belonging to learning ; suiting let-
ters.
LET'TER-FOUND'ER, n. One who casts letters ; a type-
founder.
LET'TER-ING, ppr. Impressing or forming letters on.
LET'TER-LESS, a. Illiterate ; unlettered ; not learned.
LET'TER-PRESS, n. Print ; letters and words impressed
on paper or other material bv types.
LET'TUCE, (let'tis) n. [Fr. laitiie.] A genus of plants.
LEO'CIN, ) n. [Gr. 'XevKog.] A peculiar white pulveru-
LEU'CINE, ) lent substance.
LEu'CITE, 7?. [Gr. Xf ukoj.] A stony substance.
LEu'€0-E-THI-OP'I€, a. [Gr.'XevKos and aidiorp.] White
and black ; designating a white animal of a black spe-
cies, or the albino.
LEU-€0-PHLEG'MA-CY, n. [Gr. \evKo? and ^Xfy/za.] A
dropsical habit of body, or the commencement of anasar-
ca ; paleness, with viscid juices and cold sweats.
LEU-€0-PHLEG-MAT'I€, a. Having a dropsical habit of
body, with a white, bloated skin.
LEU-Go'THI-OP, 71. [SeeLEuco-ETHiopic] An albino ;
a_white man of a black race.
LEu'THRITE, n. A substance that appears to be a recom-
posed rock, of a loose texture.
Lk'VANT, a. [Fr. levant.] Eastern ; denoting the part of
the hemisphere where the sun rises.
LE-VANT', n. [It. levante.] Properly, a country to the
See Synopsis. MciVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
LEV
494
LIB
eastward ; but appropriately, the countries of Turkey,
Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, Egypt, &c.
LE-VANT'ER, n. 1. A strong, easterly wind, so called
by the sailors in the Mediterranean. 2. A colloquial ex-
pression applied to one who bets at a horse race, and runs
away without paying the wagers he has lost
LEV'AN-TINE, a. 1. Pertaining to the Levant. 2. De-
signating a particular kind of silk cloth.
LE VAN-TINE, n. A particular kind of silk cloth.
LE-Va'TOR, n. [L.] J. In anatomy, a muscle that serves
to raise some p^rt, as the lip or the eyelid. 2. A surgi-
cal instrument used to raise a depressed part of the
skull.
t LEVE, for believe. Oower.
LEVE, a. [Sax. leof.'] Agreeable ; pleasing ; dear ; writ-
ten also, leef, lefe, lief. See Lever.
LEVEE, 71. [Fr.] I. The time of rising. 2. The con-
course of persons who visit a prince or great personage in
the morning. 3. A bank or causey, particularly along a
river to prevent inundation.
LEVEL, a. [Sax. lafe.] 1. Horizontal; coinciding with
the plane of the horizon. 2. Even ; flat ; not having one
part higher than another; not ascending or descending.
:i Even with any thing else ; of the same height ; on
the same line or plane 4. Equal in rank or degree ; hav-
ing no degree of superiority.
LEVEL, V. t. 1. To make horizontal. 2. To make even ;
to reduce or remove inequalities of surface in any thing.
3. To reduce or bring to the same height with something
else. 4. To lay flat; to reduce to an even surface or
plain. 5. To reduce to equality of condition, state or de-
gree. 6. To point, in taking aim ; to elevate or depress
so as to direct a missile weapon to an object ; to aim. 7.
To aim ; to direct. 8. To suit ; to proportion.
LEVEL, V. i. To accord ; to agree ; to suit ; [Z. ?i.] 2.
To aim at ; to point a gun or an arrow to the mark, 3.
To aim at ; to direct the view or purpose. 4. To be' aim-
ed ; to be in the same direction with the mark. 5. To
aim ; to make attempts. 6. To conjecture ; to attempt
to guess ; [o&s.]
LEVEL, 71. 1. A horizontal line, or a plane ; a surface
without inequalities. 2. Rate ; standard ; usual eleva-
tion ; customary height. 3. Equal elevation with some-
thing else ,• a state of equality. 4. The line of direction
in which a missile weapon is aimed. 5. An instrument, in
mechanics, Dy which to find or draw a horizontal line, as
ii setting buildings, or in making canals and drains.
6. Rule ; plan ; scheme ; borrowed from the mechanic's
level.
LEVELED, pp. 1. Reduced to a plane ; made even. 2.
Reduced to an equal state, condition or rank. 3. Reduced
to an equality with something else. 4. Elevated or de-
pressed to a right line towards something ; pohited to an
object. 5. Suited ; proportioned.
LEVEL-ER, n. 1. One that level? or makes even. 2. One
that destroys or attempts to destroy distinctions, and re-
duce to equality.
LEVEL-ING, ppr. I. Making level or even. 2. Reduc-
ing to an equality of condition.
LEV'EL-ING, 71. The art or practice of finding a horizon-
tal line, or of ascertaining the diiferent elevations of ob-
jects on the surface of the earth.
LEVEL-NESS, n. 1. Evenness ; equality of surface. 2.
Equality with something else.
LEVEN. See Leaven.
fLEVEN, 71. [Sax. /4ii^ffi7?,.] Lightning. Chaucer.
* LEVER, 71. [Fr. levier ; It. leva.'\ In mechanics, & bar
of metal, wood, or other substance, turning on a support
called Wiefidcrum or prop.
Le'VER, a. The comparative degree of leve, leef, or lief.
More agreeable ; more pleasing.
Le'VER, adv. Rather; as we now say, I had rather. Chau-
cer.
LEVER-ET, 71. [Fr. lievret.] A hare in the first year of
her age.
LEVER-0€K, n. A bird ; a lark. See Lark.
f LEVET, n. [qu. Fr. lever.] A blast of a trumpet; prob-
ably that by which soldiers are called in the morning.
LEVI-A-BLE, a. That may be levied ; that may be as-
sessed and collected. Bacon.
LE-Vl'A-THAN, n. [Heb. ]r\^h.] 1. An aquatic animal,
described in the book of Job, ch. xli. It is not agreed
what animal is intended, whether the crocodile, the
whale, or a species of serpent. 2. The whale, oir a great
;vliale. Milton.
LEVI-GATE, v. t. [L. IcBvigo.] I. In pharmacy and cJtem-
istry, to rub or grind to a fine, impalpable powder ; to
make fine, soft and smooth. 2. To plane ; to polish.
LEVI-GATE, a. Made smooth.
LEVI-GA-TED, pp. Reduced to a fine, impalpable pow-
der.
JiEV'I-GA-TING, ppr. Rendering very fine, soft and
smooth, by grinding or -ubbing.
LEV-I-Ga'TION, n. The act or operation of giindir
or rubbing a solid sul stance to a fine, impalpable powder
f LEVIN, 71. [Sax. hlifian.] Lightning. See Leven.
LEV-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. levis, levitas.] Lightness; buoy
ancy ; act of making light.
Le'VITE, 71. [irom Levi.] One of the tribe or family of
Levi ; a descendant of Levi ; an ofiicer in the Jewish
church, who was employed in manual service.
LE-VIT'I-€AL, a. 1. Belonging to the Levites, or descend-
ants of Levi. 2. Priestly. Milton.
LE-VIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Le
vites.
LE-VIT'I-€US, n. A canonical book of the Old Testa-
ment, containing the laws and regulations which relate
to the priests and Levites.
LEVI-TY, 71. [L. levitas.] 1. Lightness; the want of
weight in a body, compared with another that is heavier.
2. Lightness of temper or conduct ; incongtancy ; change-
ableness ; unsteadiness. 3. Want of due consideration ;
vanity; freak. 4. Gayety of mind ; want of seriousness ;
disposition to trifle.
Li:VY, V. t. [Fr. lever.] 1. To raise ; to collect. 2. To
raise ; to collect by assessment. — To levy war, is to raise
or begin war; to take arms for attack; to attack. — To
levy a fine, to commence and carry on a suit for assuring
the title to lands or tenements.
LEVY, 71. 1. The act of collecting men for military or
other public service, as by enlistment, enrollment or other
means. 2. Troops collected ; an army raised. 3. The
act of collecting money for public use by tax or other im-
position. 4. War raised ; [oZ»s.J
jLEW, a. [Dan. laauw.] Tepid; lukewarm; pale; wan.
LEWD, a. fW. llodig.] I. Given to the unlawful indul-
gence of lust ; addicted to fornication or adultery ; dis-
solute ; lustful ; libidinous. 2. Proceeding from unlaw-
ful lust. 3. Wicked ; vile ; profligate ; licentious.
fLEWD, a. [Sax. Imwed, lewd.] Lay; laical; not cler-
ical.
LEWD'LY, adv. 1. With the unlawful indulgence of lust;
lustfully. 2. Wickedly ; wantonly.
LEWD'NESS, n. 1-. The unlawful indulgence of lust ; for-
nication, or adultery. — 2. In Scripture, it generally de-
notes idolatry. 3, Licentiousness ; shamelessness.
t LEWD'STER, 71. One given to the criminal indulgence of
lust ; a lecher. Shak.
LEX-I-€OG'RA-PHER, n. The author of a lexicon or dic-
tionary.
LEX-I-€0-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to the writing or com-
pilation of a dictionary. Boswell.
LEX-I-€OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. \e^ikov and ypa^co.] 1.
The act of writing a lexicon or dictionary, or the art of
composing dictionaries. 2. The composition or compila
tion of a dictionary.
LEX-I-€0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. \t^iKov and 'Xoyo?.] The sci-
ence of words; that branch of learning which treats
of the proper signification and just application of words.
LEX'J.-€0N,7?. \Gx.\eliKov.] A dictionary ; a vocabulary
or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the
words in a language, with the definition of each.
LEX'I-€0N-IST, n. A writer of a lexicon. [Little used.]
LEX'I-GRAPH-Y, n. [Gr. \e^ii and ypa(p(x>.] The art or
practice of defining words.
Ley, a different orthography of lay and lea, a meadow or
field.
LHER'ZO-LITE, n. A mineral.
Li'A-BLE, a. [Fr. tier.] 1. Bound ; obliged in law or
equity ; responsible ; answerable. 2. Subject ; obnox-
ious : exposed.
LI'A-BLE-NESS, or LI-A-BIL'ITY, n. I. The state of
being bound or obliged in law or justice; responsibil-
ity. 2. Exposedness ; tendency; a state of being sub-
ject.
LT'AR, n. 1. A person who knowingly utters falsehood ;
one who declares to another as a fact what he knows to be
not true, and with an intention to deceive him. 2. One
who denies Christ. 1 John ii.
tLl'AR.D, a. Gray. Chaucer.
Li'AS, 7t. A species of limestone. Encyc,
jLIB, V. t. [D. lubben.] To castrate. Chapman.
LI-Ba'TION, n. [L. libatio.] 1. The act of pouring a li-
quor, usually wine, either on the ground, or on a victim
in sacrifice, in honor of some deity. 2. The wine or
other liquor poured out in honor of a deity.
LIB'BARD, an obsolete spelling of leopard.
LIB'BARD'S-BANE, n, A poisonous plant. B. Jonson.
LI'BEL, 71. [L. lihellus,] 1. A defamatory writing, L.
libellus famosus. Any book, pamphlet, writing or pic-
ture, containing representations, maliciously made or pub-
lished, tending to bring a person into contempt, or expose
him to public hatred and derision. — 2. In the civil lav),
and in courts of admiralty, a declaration or charge in writ-
ing exhibited in court, particularly against a ship or goods,
for violating the laws of trade or of revenue.
See SynopsiP A. E, T, 6, V, ■?, Zon^.— FA R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— i Obsolete.
LIB
495
LIU
LI'BEL, v. t. 1. To defame or expose to public hatred and
contempt by a writing or picture ; to lampoon. 2. To ex-
hibit a cliarge against any thing in court, particularly
against a ship or goods, for a violation of the laws of
trade or revenue.
f Li'BEL, V. i. To spread defamation, written or printed.
Li'BEL-ANT, n. One who libels ; one who brings a libel
or institutes a suit in an admiralty court.
Li'BELED, pp. 1. Defamed by a writing ot picture made
public. 2. Charged or declared against in an admiralty
court.
Li'BEL-ER, n. One who libels or defames by writing or
pictures ; a lampooner.
Li'BEL-ING, ppr. 1. Defaming by a published writing or
picture. 2. Exhibiting charges against in court.
Li'BEL-OUS, a. Defamatory.; containing that which ex-
poses a person to public hatred, contempt and ridicule.
LIB'ER-AL, a. [Ft.; L. liberalis.] 1. Of a free heart ; free
to give or liestow ; not close or contracted ; munificent ;
bountiful ; generous ; giving largely. It expresses less
than profuse or extravagant. 2. Generous ; ample; large.
3. Not selfish, narrow or contracted ; catholic ; enlarged ;
embracing other interests than one's own. 4. General ;
extensive ; embracing literature and the sciences gener-
ally. 5. Free ; open ; candid. 6. Large ; profuse. 7.
Free ; not literal or strict. 8. Not mean ; not low in birth
or mind. 9. Licentious ; free to excess. — Liberal arts, as
distinguished from mechanical arts, are such as depend
more on the exertion of the mind than on the labor of
the hands.
IJB-ER-AL'I-TY, n. [L. Kberalitas.] 1. Munificence ;
bounty. 2. A particular act of generosity ; a donation ;
a gratuity. 3. Largeness of mind ; Catholicism. 4. Can-
dor ; impartiality.
LIB'ER-AL-IZE, v. t. To render liberal or catholic ; to en-
large ; to free from narrow views or prejudices.
LIB'ER-AL-lZED, pp. Freed from narrow views and prej-
udices ; made liberal.
LIB'ER-AL-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering liberal ; divesting of
narrow views and prejudices.
LIB'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. Bountifully ; freely ; largely ;
with munificence. 2. With enlarged views; without
selfishness or meanness. 3. Freely; not strictly; not
literally.
LIB'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. libero.'] 1. To free; to release
from restraint or bondage ; to set at liberty. 2. To man-
umit.
LIB'ER-A-TED, pp. Freed; released from confinement,
restraint or slavery ; manumitted.
LIB'ER-A-TING, ppr. Delivering from restraint or sla-
very.
LIB-ER-A'TION, n. [L. liberatio.] The act of delivering
from restraint, confinement or slavery.
LIB'-E-RA-TOR, n. One who liberates or delivers.
LTB-ER-Ta'RI-AN, a. [L. liber.] Pertaining to liberty, or
to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to tJie doctrine of
necessity.
LIB'ER-TIN-A6E, n. Libertinism, which is most used.
LIB'ER-TINE, 71. [L. libertinus.] 1. Among the Romans,
a freedman ; a person manumitted or set free from legal
servitude. 2. One unconfined ; one free from restraint.
3. A man who lives without restraint of the animal pas-
sion ; one who indulges his lust without restraint ; one
who leads a dissolute, licentious life : a rake ; a debau-
chee.
LIB'ER-TiNE, a. Licentious ; dissolute ; not under the re-
straint of law or religion ; as, libertine principles.
LIB'ER-TIN-ISM, n. 1. State of a freedman ; [I. u.] 2.
Licentiousness of opinion and practice ; an unrestrained
indulgence of lust; debauchery; lewdness.
LIB'ER-TY, n. [L. libertas.] 1. Freedom from restraint,
in a general sense, and applicable to the body, or to the
will or mind. — 2. Matural liberty consists in the power
of acting as one thinks fit, without any restraint or con-
trol, except from the laws of nature. — 3. Civil liberty is
the liberty of men in a state of society, or natural liberty,
so far only abridged and restrained, as is necessary and
expedient for the safety and interest of the society, state
or nation. — 4. Political liberty is sometimes used as sy-
nonymous with civil liberty. But it more properly desig-
nates the liberty of a nation, the freedom of a nation or
state from all unjust abridgment of its rights and independ-
ence by another nation. — 5. Religious liberty is the free
right of adopting and enjoying opinions on religious sub-
jects, and of worshipping the Supreme Being according
to the dictates of conscience, without external control. —
6. Liberty, in metaphysics, as opposed to necessity, is the
power of an agent to do or forbear any particular action,
according to the detei-mination or thought of the mind, by
which either is preferred to the other. Locke. 7. Privi-
ege ; exemption ; immunity enjoyed by prescription or
by grant ; with a plural. 8. Leave ; permission granted.
9. A space in which one is permitted to pass without re-
straint, and beyond which he may not lawfully pass ;
with a plural. 10. Freedom of action or speech beyond
the ordinary bounds of civility or decorum.— T^o take the
liberty to do or say any thing, to use freedom not special-
ly granted.— To set at liberty, to deliver from confine-
ment; to release from restraint.— To be at liberty, lo be
free from restraint.— ii&eri?/ o/tAe;jress is freedom from
any restriction on the power to publish books.
LIB-ID'IN-IST, n. One given to lewdness. Junius.
LI-BIDI-NOUS, a. [lu.libidinosus.] Lustful; lewd; hav-
ing an eager appetite for venereal pleasure.
LI-BID'I-NOUS-LY, a. Lustfully ; with lewd desire.
LI-BID'I-NOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of b«ing
lustful ; inordinate appetite for venereal pleasure.
Li'BRA, n. [L.] The Balance ; the seventh sign in the zo-
diac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox, in
September.
LT'BRAL, a. [L. libralis.] Of a pound weight. Diet.
LI-BRa'RI-AN, n. [L. librarius.] 1. The keeper or one
who has the care of a library or collection of books. 2.
One who transcribes or copies books ; [ois.l
LI-BRa'RI-AN-SHIP, n. The office of a librarian.
LI'BRA-RY, 71. [L. librariuni.i 1. A collection of books
belonging to a private person^ or to a public institution or
a company. 2. An edifice or an apartment for holding a
jiollection of books.
Li'BRATE, V. t. [L. libro.] To poise ; to balance ; to hold
jn equipoise.
Li'BRATE, v. i. To move, as a balance ; to be poised.
LI-BRa'TION, n. 1 . The act of balancing or state of being
balanced , a state of equipoise, with equal weiglits on
both sides of a centre. — 2. In astronomy, an apparent ir-
regularity of the moon's motions, by which it seems to li-
brate about its axis. 3. A balancing or equipoise between
jextremes.
Ll'BRA-TO-RY, a. Balancing ; moving like a balance, as it
tends to an equipoise or level.
LICE, plu. of louse.
LiCE'-BANE, n. A plant.
Li'CEN-SA-BLE, a. That may be permitted by a legal
grant.
Li'CENSE, n. [Fr. ; L. licentia.] 1. Leave ; permission ;
authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act. 2. Ex-
cess of liberty ; exorbitant freedom ; freedom abused, or
used in contempt of law or decorum.
Li'CENSE, V. t. 1. To permit by grant of authority ; to re-
move legal restraint by a grant of permission. 2. To au-
thorize to act in a particular character. 3. To dismiss ,
lobs.}
Li'CEN-SER, 71. One who grants permission ; a person au-
thorized to grant permission to others.
* LI-CEN'TIATE, 71. [L. licentia.'] 1. One who hiis a li-
cense. — 2. In Spain, one who has a degree.
LI-CEN'TIATE, v. t. To give license or permission.
LI-CEN-TI-A'TION, n. The act of permitting. Freeman.
LI-CEN'TIOUS, a. [L. licentiosus.] 1. Using license ; in-
dulging freedom to excess ; unrestrained bylaw or moral-
ity ; loose; dissolute. 2. Exceeding the limits of law or
propriety ; wantcm ; unrestrained.
LI-CEN'TIOUS-LY, adv. With excess of liberty ; in con
tempt of law and motality.
LI-CEN'TIOUS-NESS, n. Excessive indulgence of liberty
contempt of the just restraints of law^ morality and deco-
rum.
tLICH, a. [Sax. lie. See Like.] Like; even; equal.
Qower.
LI€H, 71. [Sax. lie, or lice.] A dead body or corpse ; licha-
ma, a living body ; hence liclnoake, watching with the
dead ; Lichfield, the field of dead bodies.
Ll'CllEN, n. [L.] 1. In botany, the name for an extensive
division of cryptogainian plants, which appear in the form
of thin, flat crusts, covering rocks and the bark of trees.
— 2. In surgery, a species of impetigo, appearing in the
form of a red, dry, rough, and somewhat prurient spot,
that gives off" small furfuraceous scales.
LI-CHEN-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to lichenog-
LI-€HEN-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ raphy.
LI-€HEN-OG'RA-PmST, n. One who describes the lich-
ens.
LI-€I-IEN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [lichen, and Gr.ypacpw.] A de-
scription of the vegetables called lichens ; the science
which illustrates the natural history of the lichens.
LICH'-OWL, 71. A sort of owl, by the vulgar supposed to
foretell death.
LICIT, a. [L. lidtus.] Lawful.
LIC'IT-LY, adv. Lawfully.
LiC'IT-NESS, n. Lawfulness.
LIf'K, V. t, [Sax. liccian ; D. likken,] 1. To pass or draw
the tongue over the surface. 2. To lap ; to take in by the
tongue. — To lick up, to devour ; to consume entirely. — To
lick the dust, to be slain ; to perish in battle.
LICK, 71. In America,?i place where beasts of the forest lick
for salt, at salt springs.
LICK, n. [W. lla^.] 1. A blow ; a stroke; [not an elegant
word.] 2. A wash ; something rubbed on ; [obs.]
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K , O as J ; S? as 7. ; CH as SH T"H as in this, t Obsolete
LIF
496
LIG
LTGK:, v. t. To strike repeatedly for punishment ; to flog ;
to cliastise with blows. [JSTot an elesrant word.]
JLICK'ER, 71. One that licks.
LieK'ER-ISH, a. [D., Dan. lekker ; G. lecker.] 1. Nice
in the choice of food ; dainty. 2. Eager ; greedy to swal-
low ; eager to taste or enjoy ; having a keen relish. 3.
Dainty ; tempting the appetite.
LI€K'ER-ISH-LY, adv. Daintily.
LI€K'ER-ISH-NESS, n. Niceness of palate : daintiness.
liie O-RlCE, n. [It. liqvirizia.] A plant.
tLie'O-ROUS, tLI€'0-ROUS-NESS, for lickerish, &c.
Lie'TOR, n. [L.] An officer among the Romans, who bore
an axe and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office.
LID, 71. [Sax. hlid.] A cover ; that which shuts the opening
of a vessel or box.
*LIE, water impregnated with alkaline salt, is written lye,
1:i distinguish it from lie, a falsehood'.
LIE, n. [Sax. lig, or lyge.] 1. A criminal falsehood ; a
falsehood uttered for the purpose of deception ; an inten-
tional violation of truth. 2. A fiction. 3. False doctrine.
4. An idolatrous picture of God, or a false god. 5. That
which deceives and disappoints confidence. — To give the
lie, to charge with falsehood.
LIE, V. i. [Sax. ligan, leogan.] 1. To Utter falsehood with
an intention to deceive, or with an immoral design. 2.
To exhibit a false representation ; to say or do that which
deceives another, when he has a right to know the truth,
or when morality requires a just representation.
LIE, V. i. ; pret. lay ; pp. lain, [lien, obs.] [Sax. ligan, or
liegan ; Goth, ligan.] 1. To be in a horizontal position,
or nearly so, and to rest on any thing lengthwise, and not
on the end. 2. To rest in an inclining posture ; to lean.
3. To rest ; to press on. 4. To be reposited in the grave.
5. To rest on a bed or couch ; to be prostrate. 6. To be
situated. 7. To be ; to rest ; to abide ; to remain ; often
followed by some word denoting a particular condition.
8. To consist. 9. To be sustainable in law ; to be capa-
ble of being maintained.
To lie at, to tease or importune ; [little used.]— To lie at
the heart, to be fixed as an object of affection or anxious
desire. — To lie by. 1. To be reposited, or remaining with.
2. To rest ; to intermit labor.— T'o lie in the loay, to be an
obstacle or impediment.— T'o lie hard or heavy, to press ;
to oppress ; to burden. — To lie on ho.nd, to be or remain in
possession ; to remain unsold or undisposed of.— T'o lie on
the hands, to remain unoccupied or unemployed ; to be
tedious. — To lie on the head, to be imputed. — To lie in
wait, to wait for in concealment ; to lie in ambush ; to
watch for an opportunity to attack or seize.— T'o lie in one,
to be in the power of; to belong to.— To lie doion, to lay
the body on the ground or other level place ; also, to go to
rest.— To lie m, to be in childbed ; to bring forth young.
— To lie under, to be subject to ; to suffer ; to be oppressed
by.— T'o lie on or up nn, to be a matter of obligation or duty.
— To lie with. 1. To lodge or sleep with ; also, to have
carnal knowledge of. 2. To belong to.— T'o lie over, to
remain unpaid, after the time when payment is due.— To
liejo, to be stationarv, as a ship.
tLlEF, a. [Sax. leof;'D. lief.] Dear; beloved.
LIeF, adv. Gladly ; willingly ; freely ; used in familiar
speech, in the phrase, I had as lief go as not.
LIeGE, a. [It. ligio ; Fr. lige.] 1. Bound by a feudal ten-
ure ; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a
vassal to his lord ; subject ; faithful ; as, a liege man. 2.
Sovereign ; as, a liege lord.
LIeGE, n. 1. A vassal holding a fee by which he is bound
to perform certain sennces and duties to his lord. 2. A
lord or superior ; a sovereign.
*L^eGE'-MAN, n. A vassal ; a subject. Shak.
LIe'GER, n. [more properly legier,' or ledger.] A resident
embassador. Denham.
t Li'EN. The obsolete participle of lie. See Lain.
LT'EN, n. A legal claim ; as, a lien upon land.
LI-EN-TER'I€, a. Pertaining to a lientery. Greic.
LI'EN-TER-Y, n. [Fr. Kenteric.] A flux of the bowels, in
which the aliments are discharged undigested.
Ll'ER, V. One who lies down ; one who rests or remains.
IJEu, [lu] n. [Fr.] Place ; room ; stead. It is used only
with in.
* LIEu-TEN'AN-CY, (lu-ten'an-sy) v. 1. The office or com-
mission of a lieutenant. 3. The body of lieutenants.
*LIEU-TENiANT, (lu-ten'ant) n. [Fr.] 1. An officer who
supplies the place of a superior in his absence. — 2. In mil-
itary affairs, the second commissioned officer in a compa-
ny of infantry, cavalry or artillery. — 3. In ships of war,
the officer next in rank to the captain.
* LJEU-TEN'ANT-SHIP. See Lieutenancy.
LIeVE, for Zie/, is vulgar. See Lief.
LIeV'RITE, n. A mineral, called also yenite.
LIFE, n. ,• plu. Lives. [Sax. lif, lyf; S'w. lif.] 1. In a gen-
era! sense, that state of animals' and plants, or of an or-
ganized being, in which its natural functions and motions
are performed. — 2. In animals, animation ; vitality ; and
in man, that state of being in wliich tlie soul and body are
united.— 3. In plants, the state in which they grow or are
capable of growtli, by means of tlie circulation of the sap.
4. The present state of existence ; the time from birth to
death. 5. Manner of living ; conduct ; deportment, in
regard to morals. 6. Condition ; course of living, in re-
gard to happiness and misery. 7. Blood, tlie supposed ve
hide of animation. 8. Animals in general ; animal being
9. System of animal nature. 10. Spirit ; animation ; brisk-
ness ; vivacity ; resolution. 11. The living form ; real
person or state ; in opposition to a copy. 12. Exact re
semblance. 13. General state of man, or of social man-
ners. 14. Condition ; rank in society. 15. Common oc-
currences ; course of things ; human affairs. 16. A per-
son ; a living being ; usually, or always, a human being.
17. Narrative of a past life ;" history of the events of life ;
biographical narration. — 18. In Scripture, nourisliment ;
support of life. 19. The stomach or appetite. 20. The
enjoyments or blessings of the present life. 21. Supreme
felicity. 22. Eternal happiness in heaven. Rom. v. 23.
Restoration to life. Rom. v. 24. The Author and Giver
of supreme felicity. 25. A quickening, animating and
strengthening principle, in a moral sense. 2G. The state
of being in force, or the term for which an instrument has
legal operation.
LiFE'-BLoOD, n. 1. The blood necessary to life ; vital
blood. Dry den. 2. That which constitutes or gives
strength and energy.
LiFE'-BLoOD, a. Necessary as blood to life ; essential.
LIFE-E-STATE', n. An estate that continues during the
life of the possessor.
LIFE-EV-ER-LAST'ING, n. A plant of the genus gnapha-
lium.
LiFE'-GIV-ING, a. Having power to give life ; inspiriting j
invigorating. Milton.
LiFE'GUARD, n. A guard of the life or person ; a guard
that attends the person of a prince, or other person.
LiFE'LESS, a. 1 , Dead ; deprived of life. 2. Destitute of
life ; unanimated. 3. Destitute of power, force, vigor or
spirit ; dull ; heavy ; inactive. 4. Void of spirit ; vapid j
as liquor. 5. Torpid. 6. Wanting physical energy.
LTFE'LESS-LY, adv. Without vigor; dully; frigidly;
heavily.
LiFE'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of life, vigor and spirit ;
inactivity.
LTFE'LiKE, a. Like a living person. Pope.
LiFE'RENT, n. The rent of an estate that continues foi
life.
LTFE'STRING, n. A nerve or string that is imagined to be
essential to life.
LTFE'TIME, n. The time that life continues ; duration of
life. Addison.
LTFE'WeA-RY, a. Tired of life ; weary of living.
LIFT, V. t. [Sw. lyfta ; Dan. lofter.] 1. To raise ; to ele
vate. 2. To raise ; to elevate mentally. 3. To raise ir
fortune. 4. To raise in estimation, dignity or rank. 5
To elate ; to cause to swell, as with pride. 6. To bear .
to support. 7. To steal, that is, to take and carry away
— 8. In Scripture, to crucify.
To lift up the eyes. 1. To look ; to fix the eyes on. 2. To
direct the desires to God in prayer. Ps. cxxi. — To lift up
the head. 1. To raise from a low condition ; to exalt.
Oev. xl. 2. To rejoice. Luke xxi.— To lift up the hand.
1. To swear, or to confirm by oath. Oen. xiv. 2. To
raise the hands in prayer. Ps. xxviii. 3. To rise in op-
position to ; to rebel ; to assault. 2 Sam. xviii. 4. To in-
jure or oppress. Job xxxi. 5. To shake off sloth and en-
gage in duty. Heb. xii. — To lift up the face, to look to
with confidence, cheerfulness and comfort. Job xxii.—
To lift up the heel against, to treat with insolence and
contempt. — T'o lift up the /torvi, to behave arrogantly or
scornfully. Ps. Ixxv.— To lift up the feet, to come speedi-
ly to one's relief. Ps. Ixxiv, — To lift up the voice, to cry
aloud ; to call out, either in grief or joy. Oen. xxi
LIFT, v.i. 1. To try to raise ; to exert the strength for the
purpose of raising or bearing. 2. To practice tlief*- ; [obs.]
LIFT, n. 1. The act of raising; a lifting. 2. An effort to
raise ; [popular use.] 3. That which is to be raised. 4.
A dead lift, an ineffectual effort to raise ; or the thing
which the strength is not sufficient to raise. 5. Any thing
to be done which exceeds the strength ; or a state of ina-
bility. 6. A rise ; a degree of elevation. — 7. [Sax. lyft ;
Sw. luft.] In Scottish, the sky ; the atmosphere ; the firma-
ment. — 8. In seamen^s language, a rope descending from
the cap and mast-head to the extremity of a yard.
LIFT'ED, pp. Raised ; elevated ; swelled with pride.
LIFT'ER, n. One that lifts or raises.
LIFTTNG, ppr. Raising ; swelling with pride.
LIFT'ING, n. The act of lifting ; assistance.
fLTG, v.i. Tolie. [See Lie.] Chaucer.
LIG'A-MENT, n. [L. ligamentum.] 1. Any thing that ties
or unites one thing or part to another. — 2. In anatomy, a
strong, compact substance, serving to bind one bone to
another. 3. Bond ; chain ; that which binds or re
strains.
.^ee Synopsis. A, E, 1, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY <— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;- f Obsolete.
LIG
497
UK
LIG-A-MENT'AL, ) a. Composing a ligament ; of the na-
LIG-A-MENT'OUS, \ ture of a ligament ; binding.
LI-Ga'TION, n. [L. ligatio.] The act of binding, or state
of being bound. Addison.
LIG'A-TURE, n. [Fr. ; L. ligatura.] 1. Any thing that
binds ; a band or bandage.' 2. The act of binding. 3.
Impotence induced by magic. — 4. In music, a band or line
connecting notes. — 5. Among printers, a double character,
or a type consisting of two letters or charaters united ; as
< ^, ^, in English. 6. The state of being bound.— 7. In
medicine, stiSness of a joint. — 8. In surgery, a cord or
string for tying the blood vessels, particularly the arteries,
to prevent hemorrhage.
Light, (llte) n. [Sax. leoht, liht ; D., G. licht.] 1. That
ethereal agent or matter which makes objects perceptible
to the sense of seeing, but the particles of which are sepa-
rately invisible. 2. That flood of luminous rays which
flows from the sun, artd constitutes day. 3. Day ; the
dawn of day. 4, Life. 5. Any thing that gives light, as
a lamp, candle, taper, lighted tower, star, &c. (j. The
illuminated part of a picture •, opposed to shade. 7. Illu-
mination of mind ; instruction ; knowledge. 8. Means
of knowing. 9. Open view ; a visible state. 10. Public
view or notice. 11. Explanation ; illustration ; means of
understanding. 12. Pomt of view ; situation to be seen
or viewed. 13. A window ; a place that admits light to
enter. 14. A pane of glass. — 15. In Scripture, God, the
Source of knowledge. 16. Christ. John i. 17. Joy ;
comfort J felicity. 18. Saving knowledge. 19. Prosperi-
ty ; happiness. 20. Support j comfort ; deliverance, jlfic.
vii. 2i. The gospel. Matt. iv. 22. The understanding
or judgment. Matt. vi. 23. The gifts and graces of
Christians. Matt. v. 24. A moral instructor, as John the
Baptist. John v. 25. A true Christian, a person enlight-
ened. Eph. V. 26. A good king, the guide of his people.
Sain. xxi. — The light of the countenance, favor j smiles.
Ps. iv. — To stand in one's own light, to be the means of
preventing good, or frustrating one's own purposes. — To
come to light, to be detected ; to be discovered or found.
IjIGHT, (lite) a. 1. Bright j clear: not dark or obscure. — 2.
In colors, white or whitish.
Light, (lite) a. [Sax. liht, leoht; D. ligt ; G. leicht ; Fr.
legcr.] 1. Having little weight ; not tending to the centre
of gravity with force ; not heavy. 2 Not burdensome ;
easy to be lifted, borne or carried by physical strength.
3. Not oppressive ; easy to be suffered or endured. 4.
Easy to be performed j not difficult; not requiring great
strength or exertion. 5. Easy to be digested ; not oppres-
sive to the stomach. 6. Not heavily armed, or armed
with light weapons. 7. Active ; swift ; nimble. 8. Not
encumbered ; unembarrassed ; clear of impediments. 9.
Not laden ; not deeply laden ; not sufficiently ballasted.
10. Slight; trifling; not important. 11. Not dense; not
gross. 12. Small ; inconsiderable ; not copious or vehe-
ment. 13. Not strong ; not violent ; moderate. 14. Easy
to admit influence ; inconsiderate ; easily influenced by
trifling considerations ; unsteady ; unsettled ; volatile.
15. Gay ; airy ; indulging levity ; wanting dignity or so-
lidity ; trifling. 16. Wanton ; unchaste ; as, a woman of
light carriage. 17. Not of legal weight ; clipped ; dimin-
ished. — To set light by, to undervalue ; to slight ; to treat
as of no importance ; to despise. — To make light of, to
treat as of little consequence ; to slight ; to disregard.
LIGHT, (lite) v. t. 1. To kindle ; to inflame ; to set fire to.
2. To give light to. 3. To illuminate ; to fill or spread
over with light. 4. To lighten ; to ease of a burden ; [ofc.]
Light, (llte) v. i. [Sax. lihtan, alihtan, gelihtan..] 1. To
fall on ; to come to by chance ; to happen to find ; with
on. 2. To fall on ; to strike. 3. To descend, as from a
horse or carriage. 4. To settle ; to rest ; to stoop from
flight.
hlGHT, ado. Lightly; cheaply. Hooker.
LTGHT'-ARMED, a. Armed with light weapons.
LiGHT'-BEaR-ER, 71. A torch-bearer. B. Jonson.
LiGHT'-BRAIN, 7i. An empty headed person. Martin.
LiGHT'ED, (li'ted) pp. Kindled ; set on fire ; caused to
burn. [Lit, for lighted, is inelegant.]
LiGHT'EN, (li'tn) v. i. [Sax. lihtan.] 1. To flash ; to burst
forth or dart, as lightning ; to shine with an instantaneous
illumination. 2. To shine like lightning. 3. To fall ; to
light; [obs.]
LiGHT'EN, (li'tn) v. t. 1. To dissipate darkness ; to fill
with light ; to spread over with light ; to illuminate ; to
enlighten. 2. To illuminate with knowledge. 3. To free
from trouble and fill with joy.
LiGHT'EN, (li'tn) v. t. [Sax. lihtan.] 1. To make lighter ;
to reduce in weight ; to make less heavy. 2. To allevi-
ate ; to make less burdensome or aflSictive. 3. To cheer ;
to exhilarate.
LTGHT'ER, (li'ter) n. 1. One that lights. 2. A large, open,
flat-bottomed boat, used in loading and unloading
ships.
LTGHT'ER-MAN, (li'ter-man) n. A man who manages a
lighter; a boatman.
LTGHT'FIN-GERED, a. Dextrous in taking and convey
jngaway ; thievish ; addicted to petty thetts.
LiGHT'FOOT, ) a. Nimble in running or dancing .
LIGHT'FOOT-ED, J active. [Little zised.f
LiGHT'HEAD-ED, a. 1. Thoughtless ; heedless ; weak ;
volatile ; xmsteady 2. Disordered in the head ; dizzy :
delirious.
Light HEAD-ED-NESS, n. Disorder of the head ; dizzi-
ness ; deliriousness.
LIGHT HEART-ED, a. Free from grief or anxiety ; gay ;
cheerful ; merry.
LlGHT'-HORSE, n. Light-armed cavalry.
Light '-HOUSE, 71. a pharos ; a tower or building with a
light or number of lamps on the top intended to direct
seamen in navigating ships at night.
LiGHT'LEGGED, a. Nimble ; swift of foot. Sidney.
LiGHT'LESS, (llte'les) a. Destitute of light ; dark.
LiGHT'LY, (lite-ly) adv. 1. With little weight. 2. With-
out deep impression. 3. Easily; readily; without diffi-
culty ; of course. 4. Without reason, or for reasons of
little weight. 5. Without dejection ; cheerfully. 6. Not
chastely ; wantonly. 7. Nimbly ; with agility ; not heav-
ily or tardily. 8. Gayly ; airily ; with levity ; without
heed or care.
LiGHT'MlND-ED, a. Unsettled ; unsteady ; volatile ; not
considerate.
LiGHT'NESS, (lite'nes) ?!. 1. Want of weight ; levity. 2.
Inconstancy ; unsteadiness ; the quality of mind which
disposes it to be influenced by trifling considerations. 3.
Levity ; wantonness ; lewdness ; unchastity. 4 Agility ;
nimbleness,
LiGHT'NING, (llte'ning) n. 1. A sudden discharge of elec-
tricity from a cloud to the earth, or from the earth to a
cloud, or from one cloud to another, producing a vivid
flash of light, and usually a loud report, called thunder.
2. Abatement ; alleviation ; mitigation. Spectator.
LiGHT'ROOM, 7!. In a ship of war, a small apartment,
having double glass windows towards the magazine, and
containing lights by which the gunner fills cartridges.
Lights, (lites) n. pin. The lungs ; the organs of breathing
hi animals.
LiGHT'SoME, a. 1. Luminous ; not dark ; not obscure. 2.
Gay ; airy ; cheering ; exhilarating. Hooker.
LiGHT'SoME-NESS, n. 1. Luminousness ; the quality of
being light. 2. Cheerfulness ; merriment ; levity.
LIG-NAL'oES, n. [L. lignum, and aloes.] Aloes-wood.
JVumb. xxiv
LIG'NE-OUS. a ■ L, ligneus.] Wooden ; made of wood ;
consisting of wood ; resembling wood.
LIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. The process of converting into
wood, or the hard substance of a vegetable.
LIG'NI-FORM, a. [L. lignum, and form.] Like wood ; re-
sembling wood. Eirican.
LIG'NI-Fy, v. t. [L. lignum and facio.] To convert into
wood.
LIG'NI-FY, V. I. To become wood.
LIG'NITE, 71. [\^. lignum.] Fossil or bituminous wood, a
mineral combustible substance.
LIG'NOUS, a. Ligneous. [Little iLsed.] Evelyn.
LIG'NUM-Vl'T^, 71. [L.] Quaiacum, or pockwood, a
genus of plants, natives of warm climates.
LIG'U-LA-TED "" t^* ^^S'"-^"''] ^^^^ * bandage or strap
LIG'URE, 71. A kind of precious stone. Ex.xxwni.
LIG'U-RITE, 71. [from Liguria.] A mineral.
LIKE, a. [Sax. lie, gelic ; Goth, leiks ; Sw. lik.] 1. Equal in
quantity, quality or degree. 2. Similar ; resembling ;
having resemblance. 3. Probable ; likely, that is, having
the resemblance or appearance of an event ; giving reason
to expect or believe.
LIKE, 7(. [elUpticaWy, for like thing, like person.] 1. Some
person or thing resembling another; an equal. 2. Had
like, in the phrase " he had like to be defeated," seems to
be a corruption ; but it is authoi'ized by good usage.
LIKE, adv. 1. In the same manner. 2. In a manner be-
coming. 3. Likely ; probably.
LIKE, V. t. [Sax. licean, lician ; Goth, leikan.] 1. To be
pleased with in a moderate degree ; to approve. It ex-
presses less than /o7;e and delight. 2. To please; to be
agreeable to ; [obs.] 3. To liken ; [obs.]
LIKE, V. i. 1. To be pleased ; to choose ; as, "he may go
or stay, as he likes." Locke. 2. To like of, to be pleased ;
[obs.] Knolles.
LiKE'LI-HOOD, 7!. 1. Probability ; verisunilitude ; ap-
pearance of truth or reality. 2. Appearance; show; re-
semblance ; [obs.]
LiKE'LI-NESS, n. 1. Probability. 2. The qualities that
please.
LiKE'LY, a. [that is, like-like.] Piobable ; that may be
rationally thought or believed to have taken place in time
past, or to be true now or hereafter ; such as is more
reasonable than the contrary. 2. Such as may be liked ;
p!e3sing. — In England, likely is equivalent to handscinef
well-formed ; as a likely man, a likely horse. — In America^
See Synopsis,
MOVE, BOOK, DnVE ;— BULL, UNITE.
' '32
-CasKjGasJ, Sa3Z;CHasSH;THaainfAw. t Obsolete.
I
LIM
498
LIN
Ihe word is applied to the endowments of the mind,
and a likely man denotes a man of good character and
talents.
LTKE'LY, adv. Probably. Olanville.
LiKE'MlND-ED, a. Having a like disposition or purpose.
Rom. XV.
lii'KEN, (ll'kn) V. t. [Sw. likna.] To compare j to represent
as resembling or similar.
Li'KENED, pj?. Compared.
LiKE'NESS, n. 1. Resemblance in form; similitude. 2.
Resemblance ; form ; external appearance. 3. One that
resembles another ; a copy ; a counterpart. 4. An image,
picture or statue, resembling a person or thing.
LrKEN-ING, ppr. Comparing ; representing as similar.
LiKE'WiSE, adv. In like manner ; also ; moreover ; too.
LiK'ING, ppr. of like. 1. Approving ; being pleased with.
2. a. Plump ; fall ; of a good appearance ; [obs.]
LiK'ING, ?i. 1. A good state of body ; healthful appearance ;
plumpness. 2. State of trial ; [obs.] 3. Inclination ; pleas-
ure. 4. Delieht in ; pleasure in ; with to.
Li'LAC, 71. [Fr. lilas / Sp. lilac] A plant or shrub of the
genus syringa, a native of Persia.
LIL A-LITE, iu A species of argillaceous earth.
LILt-I-A'CEOUS, a. [L. liliaceus.] Pertaining to lilies ; lily-
like. Martyn.
LIL'IED, a. Embellished with lilies. Milton.
LILL, V. t. [Sp.e Loll.] Speiiser.
LILT, V. i. 1. To do any thing with dexterity or quickness ;
[local.J- Pegge. 2. To sing or play on the bagpipe.
LIL'Y, n. [L. lilium.] A genus of plants of many species,
producing flowers of great beauty and vai-iety of colors.—
Lihi of the valley, a plant of the genus convallaria.
LIL'Y-DAF'FO-DIL, n. A plant and flower.
LIL'Y-HAND-ED, a. Having white, delicate hands.
Spenser.
LIL'Y-HY'A-CINTH, n. A plant. Miller.
LIL'Y-LIV-ERED, a. White-livered; cowardly. SJiak.
LI-Ma'TION, n. [L. limo.] The act of filing or polishing.
Li'MA-TURE, n. [L. limo.] 1. A filing. 2. Filings ; parti-
cles rubbed ofi'by filing. Johnson.
LIMB, (lim) 71. [Sax. lim ,• Dan., Sw. lent ; L. limbus.] 1.
Edge or border. — 2. In anatomy, and in common use, an ex-
tremity of the human body ; a member; a projecting part;
as the arm or leg ; that is, a shoot. 3. The branch of a
tree ; applied only to a branch of some size, and not to a
small twig — 4. In botany, the border or upper spreading
part of a monopetalous corol.
LIMB, (lim) V. t. To supply with limbs. Milton. 2. To
dismember; to tear off" the limbs,
LIM'BAT, 71. A cooling periodical wind in Cyprus.
tLIM'BEC, 71, [contracted from aZe?n6ic.] A still.
LIM'BEC, V. t. To strain or pass through a still. Sandys.
LIMBED, a. In composition, formed with regai'd to limbs.
LIM'BER, a. Easily bent ; flexible ; pliant ; yielding.— In
.America, it is applied to material things ; as a limber rod.
LIM'BER, n. In a ship, a square hole cut through the
floor timbers, as a passage for water to the pump-
well,
LIM'BER-NESS, n. The quality of being easily bent ; flex-
ibieness ; pliancy.
LIM'BERS, 71. 1. A two-wheeled carriage, having boxes
for ammunition. 2. Thills ; shafts of a carriage ; [local.]
LIM'BI LITE, n. A mineral from Limbourg in Swabia,
LIMB'LESS, a. Destitute of limbs, Massinger.
LIMB'-MeAL, a. Piece-meal, Shak.
LIM'BO, ) 71. [L. limbns.] 1, A region bordering on hell,
LIM'BUS, \ or hell itself. 2, A place of restraint.
LIME, n. [Sax. lim ; Sw.-, Dan. lim ; L. Umus.] 1. A vis-
cous substance, sometimes laid on twigs for catching
birds. 2. Calcarious earth, oxyd of calcium. 3. The
linden tree, 4. [Fr. lime.] Aspecies of acid fruit, smaller
than the lemon,
LIME, •«, t. [Sax. geliman.] 1. To smear with a viscous
substance. 2. To entangle ; to ensnare. 3. To manure
jvith lime. 4. To cement.
LiME'-BURN-ER, 71. One who burns stones to lime.
LiMED, pp. Smeared with lime ; entangled ; manured with
lime.
LIME'-HOUND, n. A dog used in hunting the wild boar ;
a limer Spenser.
LIME'-KILN, (lime'kil) n. A furnace in which stones
or shells are exposed to a strong heat and reduced to
lime.
LTME'STONE, n. Stone of which lime is made by the ex-
pulsion of its carbonic acid, or fix-ed air.
LiME'TWIG, n. A twig smeared with lime. Milton.
LiME'TWIGGED, a. Smeared with lime. Addison.
LiME'WA-TER, n. Water impregnated with lime.
LiM'ING, ;»pr. Daubing with viscous matter; entangling;
manuring with lune.
LIM'IT, 71. [li. limes.] 1. Bound ; border ; utmost extent ;
the part that terminates a thing. 2. The thing which
bounds ; restraint.— 3. Limits, plu. the extent of the liber-
ties of a prison.
LIM'IT, v.t. 1. To bound ; to set bounds to, 2. To con-
fine within certaui bounds ; to circumscribe ; to restrain.
3. To restrain from a lax or general signification,
LIM'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be limited, circumscribed,
bounded or restrained, Hume.
LIM-I-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Pertaining to bounds. Diet.
LIM-I-Ta'RI-AN, a. That limits or circumscribes.
LIM-I-Ta'RI-AN, ?!. One that limits ; one who holds the
doctrine that a part of the human race only are to be
saved. Huntington.
LIM'I-TA-RY, a. Placed at the liait, as a guard.
LIM-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. limitatio.] ], The act of bounding
or circumscribing.— 2. Restriction ; restraint ; circumscrip-
tion. 3. Restriction ; confinement from a lax, indeterm-
inate import. 4. A certain precinct within which friars
were allowed to beg or exercise their functions.
LIM'IT-ED, pp. 1. Bounded ; circumscribed ; restrained.
2. a. Narrow ; circumscribed.
LIM'IT-ED-LY, adv. With limitation.
LIM'IT-ED-NESS, 7!. State of being limited. Parker.
LIM'IT-ER, 77, 1, He or that which limits or confines, 2.
A friar licensed to beg within certain bounds, or whose
duty was limited to a certain district,
LIM'IT-LESS, a. Having no limits ; unbounded,
LIM'MER, 7!, I. A Imiehound ; a mongrel, 2. A dog engen-
dered between a hound and a mastiff. 3. A thill or
shaft; [local. See Limber,] 4. A thill-horse ; [local.]
LIMN, (lim) V. t. [Fr. cnluminer ; L. lumino.] To draw or
paint ; or to paint in water-colors. Encyc.
LIMNED, (limd) ;jj7. Painted,
LIM'NER, 77. [Fr. enlumineur ; L. illuminator.] 1. One that
colors or paints on paper or parcliment ; one who deco
rates books with initial pictures, 2. A portrait painter.
LIMNING, ppr. Drawing ; painting ; painting in water
colors,
LIM'NING, 7?. The act or art of drawing or painting in
_water-co[ors, Addison.
Li'MOUS, a. [L, limosus.] Muddy ; slimy ; thick.
LIMP, V. i. [Sax, lemp-healt.] To halt ; to walk lamely.
LIMP, 77, A halt ; act of limping,
t LIMP, a. Vapid; weak. Walton.
LIMP'ER, ri. One that limps.
LIM'PET, n. [L. lepas.] A univalve shell of the genus
patella, adhering to rocks.
LIM'PID, a. [L, limpidus.] Pure ; clear ; transparent.
LIM'PID-NESS, n. Clearness ; purity.
LIMP'ING, ppr. Halting ; walking lamely.
LIMP'ING-LY, adv. Lamely ; in a halting manner.
LIM'SY, a. [W. llymsi.] Weak ; flexible. JVezc England.
Ll'MY, a. [See Lime.] 1. Viscous; glutinous. 2. Con-
taining lime. 3. Resembling lime ; having the qualities of
lime.
fLIN, V. i. [Ice. linna.] To yield,
t LIN, 71. [Celtic] A pool or mere,
j LINCH, 7!. A ledge ; a rectangular projection. Jennings.
LIN'COLN-GREEN, 71. The color of stuff or cloth made for-
merly at Lincoln. Spenser.
LINCH'PIN, 71. [SsiX. lynis.] A pin used to prevent the
wheel of a carriage from sliding off the axle-tree.
LINCT'URE, 7(. [L. linctus.] Medicine taken by licking.
LIN'DEN, orLIND, 7?, [Sax., Sw., Dan, ZiTirf.] The lime-
tree, or teil-tree, of the genus tilia. Dryden.
LINE,?!. [L. linca ; Fr. ligne.] ]. In ^eo?«eir?/, a quantity ex-
tended in length, without breadth or thickness ; or a limit
terminating a surface. 2. A slender string ; a small cord
or rope. 3. A thread, string or cord extended to direct
any operation. 4. Lineament ; a mark in the hand or
face. 5. Delineation ; sketch. 6. Contour ; outline ; ex-
terior limit of a figure. — 7. In writing, printing, and en-
graving, the words and letters which stand on a level in
one row, between one margin and another. — 8. In poetry,
a verse, or the words which form a certain number of
feet, according to the measure, 9. A short letter ; a note.
10, A rank or row of soldiers, or tiie disposition of an
army drawn up with an extended front ; or the like dis-
position of a fleet prepared for engagement. 11. A trench or
rampart ; an extended work in fortification. 12. Method ;
disposition. 13. Extension ; limit ; border. 14. Equator;
equinoctial circle. 15. A series or succession of progeny
or relations, descending from a common progenitor. 16.
The twelfth part of an inch. 17. A straight extended
mark. 18, A straight or parallel direction, 19, Occupa-
tion ; employment ; department or course of business,
20. Course ; dhection. 21. Lhit or flax. — 92. In heraldry,
lines are the figures used in armorie^to divide the shield
into different parts, and to compose different figures. — 23.
In Scripture, line signifies a cord for measuring ; also, in
struction, doctrine. Is. xxviii.
A right line, a straight or direct line ; the shortest line
that can be drawn between two points, — Horizontal
line, a line drawn parallel to the horizon. — Equinoc-
tial line, in geography, a great circle on the earth's
surface, at 90 degrees distance from each pole, and bi-
secting the earth at that part, — In astronomy, the circle
♦ See Synopsis. A, E, X, 5, U, "S", long.—FAB.,- FALL, WH^T j— PRgY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete.
LIN
499
Lia
which the sun seems to describe in fllarch and September,
when the days and nights are of equal length. — Meridian
line, an imaginary circle drawn through the two poles of
the eaith, and any part of its surface. — Jl ship of the line,
a ship of war large enough to have a place in the line of
battle 3 a ship carrying 74 guns or more.
LINE, V. t. [L. linum/] 1. To cover on the inside. 2. To
put in the inside. 3. To place along by the side of any
thing for guarding. 4. To strengthen by additional
works or men. 5. To cover ; to add a covering. 6. To
strengthen with any thing added. 7. To impregnate ; ap-
plied to irrational animals.
LIN'E-A6E, 71. [Fr. lignage.] Race ; progeny ; descend-
ants in a line from a common progenitor.
LLN'E-AL, c. [Ij. linealis.] 1. Composed of lines 5 deline-
ated. 2. In a direct line nom an ancestor. 3. Hereditary ;
derived from ancestors. Shak. 4. Allied by direct de-
scent. 5. In the direction of a line. — Lineal measure, the
measure of length.
LIN-E-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being in the formof a line.
Am. Review.
LIJV'E-AL-LY, adv. In a direct line.
LIN'E-A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. lineamentiun.] Feature ; form ;
make ; the outline or exterior of a body or figure, particu-
larly of the face.
LIN'E-AE, a. [L. linearis.'] 1. Pertaining to a line ; consist-
ing of lines ; in a straight direction. — 2. In botany, like a
line ; slender 3 of the same breadth throughout, except at
the extremities.
LIN'E-ATE, a. In botany, marked longitudinally with de-
pressed parallel lines ; as a lineate leaf.
LIN-E-A'TION, n. Draught; delineation, which see.
LilA'^ED, pp. Covered on the inside.
LIN'EN, n. [L. linum ; It. lin.~\ 1. Cloth made of flax or
hemp. 2. An under garment.
LIN'EN, a. [1.. linens.] 1. Made of flax or hemp. 2. Re-
sembling linen cloth ; white ; pale. — Fossil-linen, a kind
of amianth.
LIN'EN-DRa-PER, 71. A person who deals in linens.—
Linener and linenman, in a like sense, are obsolete.
LING, 71. [D. leng ; Ir. long.] A fish.
LING, n. [Ice. ling.] A species of long grass ; heath.
LING, a Saxon termination, as in darling, jbstling, denotes,
primarily, state, condition or subject.
LIN'GER, v.i. [Sax. leng.] 1. To delay ; to loiter; to
remain or wait long ; to be slow. 2. To hesitate ; to be
slow in deciding ; to be in suspense. 3. To remain long
in any state.
LIN'GER, V. t. To protract. Shak.
LIN'GER-ER, 71. One who lingers.
LIN'GER-ING, ppr. 1. Delaying ; loitering. 2. a. Drawing
out in time ; remaining long ; protracted.
LIN'GER-ING, 71. A delaying; a remaining long; tardi-
ness ; protraction. Irving.
LIN'GER-ING-LY, adv. With delay; slowly; tediously.
Hale
LIN'GET, 71. [Fr. lingot.] A small mass of metal.
LIN'GLE, n. [Fr. ligneuL] Shoemaker's thread.
LIN'GO, 71. [L. lingua.] Language ; speech. [ Vulgar.]
t LIN-GUa'CIOUS, a. [L. linguaz.] Fullof tongue; loqua-
cious.
LIN-GUA-DENT'AL, a. [L. lingua and dens.] Formed or
uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth ; as the
letters d and t. Holder.
LIN-GUA-DENT'AL, n. An articulation formed by the
tongue and teeth.
LIN'GUA-FORM, a. [L. lingua and form.] Having the form
or shape of the tongue. Martyn.
LIN'GUAL, a. [L. lingua.] Pertaining to the tongue.
LIN'GUIST, 71. [L. lingua.] A person skilled in lan-
guages.
LIN'GU-LATE, a. [L. Ungulatus.] Shaped like the tongue
or a strap.
LING'WoRT, 71. An herb.
LIN'6Y, a. 1. Limber; tall; flexible. Craven dialect. 2.
Active ; strong ; able to bear fatigue. Brockett.
LIN'I-MENT, 7t. i^Fr. ; li. linimentum.] A species of soft
j)intment.
LiN'ING, ppr. Covering on the inside, as a garment.
LlN'ING, n. 1. The inner covering of any thing, as of a
garment or a box. 2. That which is within.
LINK, 71. [G.gelenk; Dan. lenke.] 1. A single ring or di-
vision of a cliain. 2. Any thing doubled and closed like a
link. 3. A chain ; any thing connecting. 4. Any single
constituent part of a connected series. 5. A series ; a chain.
LINK, 7!. [Gi. Xv^vos; li.lychnus.] A torch made of tow
or hards, &c., and pitch. Dryden.
LINK, u. f. ]. To complicate. 2. To unite or connect by
something intervening or in another manner.
LINK, ^•. i". To be connected. Burke.
LINK'BOY, or LINIi'MAN, n. A boy or man that carries a
link or torch to light passengers. Oay.
LINKED, pp. Dnited; connected.
LINK'ING, ppr. Uniting ; connecting.
LIN'NET, 71. [Fr. linot.] A small singing bird of the genua
fringilla.
LIN'SEED. See Lintszed.
LIN'SEY-WOOL'SEY, a. Made of linen and wool ; hence,
vile ; mean ; of different and unsuitable parts.
LIN'SEY-WOOL'SEY, 71. Stuff made of linen and wool
mixed.
LIN'STOCK, 71. A pointed staff with a crotch or fork at
one end, to hold a lighted match ; used in firing cannon.
LINT, 7!. [Sax. linet ,■ L. linteum.] Flax ; but more gener-
ally, linen scraped into a soft substance, and used for
dressing wounds and sores.
LINT'EL, n. [Fr. linteau ; Sp. lintel.] The head-piece of a
door-frame or window-frame ; the part of the frame that
lies on the side pieces.
LINT'SEED, 11. [lint and seed ; Sax. linseed.] Flaxseed.
Li'ON, n. [Fr. ; L. leo, leonis.] 1. A quadruped of the genus
fells, very strong, fierce and rapacious. 2. A sifisn in the
zodiac.
LI'ON-ESS, n. The female of the lion kind.
Li'ON-LiKE, or Li'ON-LY, a. Like a hon ; fierce
Li'ON-MET-TLED, a. Having the courage and spiiit of
a lion. Hillhouse
Li'ON'S FOOT, 71. A plant of the genus catananche.
Li'ON 'S Leaf, 7!. a plant of the genus leonticc.
Li'ON'S Tail, 7!. Aplant of the genus ?eo7»ww.>.
LIP, 7!, [Sax. lippa, lippe ; D. lip ^ G., Dan. lippe.] 1. The
edge or border of the mouth. 2. The edge of any thing. —
3. In botany, one of the two opposite divisions of a labiate
corol. — To make a lip, to drop the under lip in sullenness
or contempt.
LIP, V. t. To kiss. Shak.
LIP-DE-Vo'TION, 71. Prayei-s uttered by the lips without
the desires of the heart.
LIP'-GQOD, a. Good in profession only. B. Jonson.
LIP-La-BOR, n. Labor or action of the lips without con-
currence of the mind ; words without sentiments.
LIP'O-GRAM, n. [Gr. XEtTru and ypa^ua.] A writing in
which a single letter is wholly omitted.
LIP-0-GRAM'iMA-TIST, 71. One who writes any thing,
dropping a single letter. Addison.
LI-POTH'Y-MOUS, a. Swooning ; fainting.
LI-POTH'Y-MY, 71. [Gr. Xa7ro%ta.] A fainting; aswoin.
LIPPED, a. ]. Having lips.— 2. In botany, labiate.
LIP'PI-TUDE, 71. [L. lippitudo.] Soreness of eyes ; bleared-
ness. Bacon.
LIP'-WIS-DOM, n. Wisdom in talk without practice ; wis-
dom in words not supported by experience.
Lia'UA-BLE, a. That may be melted.
LI-UUa'TION, n. [L. liquatio.] 1. The act or operation of
melting. 2. The capacity of being melted.
Li'aUATE, V. i. [L. liquo.] To melt ; to liquefy ; to be dis-
solved. [Little iLsed.] Woodward.
Lia-UE-F ACTION, n. [L. Ugucfactio.] 1. The act or op-
eration of melting or dissolving ; the conversion of a solid
into a liquid by the sole agency of heat or caloric. 2. The
state of being melted.
LiaUE-Fi-A-BLE, a. That may be melted, or changed
fi-om a sojid to a liquid state. Bacon.
LIQ,'UE-Fi-ER, 71. That which melts any solid substance.
Lia'UE-FY, V. t. [Fr. liquefier.] To melt ; to dissolve ; to
convert from a fixed or solid form to that of a liquid ; to
melt by the sole agency of heat or caloric.
LIQ.'UE-F'S", V. i. To be melted ; to become liquid.
LIQ,'UE-FY-ING, ppr. Melting ; becoming liquid.
LI-Q,UES'CEN-CY, 7!. [L. liquescentia.] Aptness to melt.
LI-aUES'CENT, a. Melting ; becoming fluid.
LI-Q,UEuR', (le-kare') ?;. [Fr.] A spirituous cordial.
Lia'UID, (lik'wid) a. [L. liquidus.] Fluid ; flowing or ca-
pable of flowing ; not fixed or solid. But liquid is not pre-
cisely synonymous withj^?«a!. Mercury and air aie Jitdd,
but not liquid. 2. Soft ; clear ; flowing ; smooth. 3 Pro-
nounced without any jar; smooth. 4. Dissolved; not
obtainable by law ; [obs.]
LICi'UID, n. 1. A fluid or flowing substance ; a substance
whose parts change their relative position on the slightest
pressure, and which flows on an inclined plane. — 2. In
grammar, a letter which has a smooth flowing sound, or
which flows smoothly after a mute ; as I and r, in bla,
bra. .M and 71 are also called liquids
Lia'UI-DATE, V. t. [Fr. liquider ; L. liguido.] 1. To clear
from all obscurity. 2. To settle ; to adjust ; to ascertain
or reduce to precision in amount. 3. To pay ; to settle,
adjust and satisfy ; as a debt.
Lia'UI-DA-TED, pp. Settled ; adjusted ; reduced to cer-
tainty ; paid.
LIQ'UI-DA-TING, ppr. Adjusting ; ascertaining ; paying.
LIQ,-UI-Da'TION, 71. The act of settling and adjusting
debts, or ascertaining their amount or the balance due.
Lia'UI-DA-TOR, 71. He or that which liquidates or settles.
E. Everett.
LI-aUID'I-TY, 71. [Fr. liquidUe.] 1. The quality of being
fluid or liquid. 2. Thinness.
Lia'UID-NESS, n. The quality of being liquid ; fluency.
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK. D6VE ;— B^LL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in thia. f Obsolete
i
HT
500
LIT
liId'TJOR, (lik'ur) n. [Fr. liqueur ; L. liqtwr.] A liquid or
fluid substance ; commonly applied to spirituous fluids.
LIQ-'UOR, V. t. To moisten : to drench. \L. u.\ Bacon.
Lia-UOR-ICE. See Licorice.
IiIS'BON, n. A species of wine exported from Lisbon.
LISH, a. Stout; active: strong: nimble. Grose.
LlR'I-€ON-FAN-CY, n. A flower.
LiR'I-POOP, 71. [Fr. liripipion.] Tlie hood of a graduate.
-t LISNE, n. A cavity or hollow. Hale.
LISP, V. i. [G. lispeln ; D. lispen ; Sax. vlisp, or vlips.] To
speak with a particular articulation of the tongue and
teeth, nearly as in pronouncing th.
LISP, V. t. To pronounce with a lisp.
LISP, 71. The act of lisping, as in uttering an aspirated th for s.
LISP'ER, 71. One that lisps.
LISP'ING, ppr. Uttering with a lisp.
LISP'ING-LV, adv. With a lisp. Holder.
LIS'SOM, a. [probably from Sax. lesan.] Limber ; supple ;
relaxed ; loose ; free.
LIST, 71. [Sax., Sw. list; It., Sp. lista ; Fr., Dan. lists.] 1.
In comme'^ce, the border, edge or selvage of cloth ; a strip
of cloth forming the border, 2. A line inclosing or form-
ing the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat ;
hence, the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat.
3. A limit or boundary ; a border. — 4. In architecture, a
little square molding ; a fillet; called also a listel. 5. A
roll or catalogue, that is, a row or line. 6. A strip of
cloth; a fillet. — Civil list, in Great Britain and the United
States, the civil officers of government, as judges, embsis-
sadors, secretaries, &c. Hence it is used for the revenues
or appropriations of public money for the support of the
civU ofiicers.
LIST, V. t. 1. To enroll ; to register in a list or catalogue ;
to enlist. 2. To engage in the public service, as soldiers.
Dryden. 3. To inclose for combat. 4. To sew together, as
strips of cloth ; or to form a border. 5, To cover with a
list, or with strips of cloth. 6. To hearken ; to attend.
LIST, V. i. To engage in public service by enrolling one's
name ; to enlist.
LIST, V. i. [Sax. lystan.] Properly, to lean or incline ; to
be propense ; hence, to desire or choose.
LIST, n. In the language of seamen, an inclination to one
side ; as, the ship has a list to port.
LIST'ED, pp. 1. Striped ; particolored in stripes. 2. Cov-
ered with list. 3. Inclosed for combat. 4. Engaged in
public service ; enrolled.
LIST'EL, 71. A list in architecture ; a fillet. Encyc.
LIST'EN, (lis'n) v.i. [Sax. lystanor hlystan.] 1. To heark-
en ; to give ear ; to attend closely with a view to hear. 2.
To obey ; to yield to advice ; to follow admonition.
LIST'EN, (lis'n) v. t. To hear ; to attend. Shdk.
LIST'EN-ER, 71. One who listens ; a hearkener.
LIST'ER, 71. One v/ho makes a list or roll.
tLIST'FUL,Vz. Attentive. Spenser.
LIST'ING, ppr. Inclosing for combat; covering with list;
enlisting.
LIST'LESS, a. Not listening ; not attending ; heedless ;
inattentive ; thoughtless ; careless.
LIST'LESS-LY, adv. Without attention ; heedlessly.
LIST'LESS-NESS, 7i. Inattention ; heedlessness ; indiffer-
ence to what is passing and may be interesting.
LIT, pret. of light ; as, the bird lit on a tree. [Inelegant.]
LIT'A-NY, n. [Fr. litanie ; Gr. Xiravsia.] A solemn form of
supplication, used in public worship.
t LITE, n. A little ; a small portion. Chaucer.
I LITE, a. Little.
Li'TRE, or Li'TER, n. [Fr. litre.] A French measure of
capacity ; equal to nearly 2 J wine pints.
LIT'ER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. litera.] 1. According to the letter ;
primitive ; real ; not figurative or metaphorical. 2. Fol-
lowing the letter or exact words ; not free. 3. Consisting
oflett3rs.
f LIT'ER-AL, n. Literal meaning. Brown.
LIT'ER-AL-ISM, n. That which accords with the letter.
LIT-ER-AL'I-TY, n. Original or literal meaning. Brown.
LIT'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the primary and
natural import of words ; not figuratively. 2. With close
adherence to words ; word by word.
LIT'ER-A-RY, a. [L, literarius.] 1. Pertaining to letters or
literature; respecting learning or learned men. 2. De-
rived from erudition, 3, Furnished with erudition ; versed-
in letters. 4. Consisting in letters, or written or printed
compositions
LIT'ER-ATE, a. [L. literatus.] Learned; lettered; in-
structed in learning and science, Johnson.
LIT-ER-a'Ti, 71. plu. [L, literatus.] The learned ; men of
erudition. Spectator.
LIT'ER-A-TOR, 71, [L.] A peay school-master. Burke.
LIT'ER-A-TURE. n. [L. literatura.] Learning ; acquaint-
ance with letters or books-
fLITH, 71, [Sax.] Ajoint or limb. Chaucer
LI-THAN'THRAX, 71. [Gr. Xteos and av0f.a|.J Stone-coal.
LITH'AR6E, n. [Fr,] A semi-vitreous oxyd of lead
LiTHE, a. [Sax. lith, lithe ; W.llyth.] That may be easily
bent ; pliant ; flexible ; limber. Milton.
tLlTHE, V. t. 1. To smooth; to soften; to palliate. Chau-
cer. 2. To listen. See Listen.
LiTHE'NESS, n. Flexibility ; limbemess.
LITHE'SOME, a. Pliant ; nimble : limber. Scott.
t LiTH'ER, a. 1. Soft ; pliant. Shak. 2. [Sax. lythr.] Bad
coiTupt. Woolton.
t LITH'ER-LY, adv. Slowly ; lazily. Barret.
t LiTH'ER-NESS, 71. Idleness ; laziness. Barret.
LITH'I-A, 71. A new alkali, found in a mineral called pefa •
lite, of which the basis is a metal called lithium.
LITH'I-ATE, 71. [Gr. Xt^of.] A salt or compound formed
by the lithic acid combined with a base.
LITH'IC, a. Pertaining to the stone in the bladder.
LITH-O-BIB'LI-ON, See Lithophyl,
LITH'0-€ARP, n. [Gr, Xtflof and Kaprroj,] Fossil fruit ;
fruit petrified. Diet. JVat. Hist.
LITH'0-€OL-LA, n. [Gr. Xt0off and /coXXa.] A cement
tl)at unites stones, .dsh.
LITH-0-DEN'DRON, n. [Gr, ^lOog and 6£v§pov-] Coral
LITH-0-GEN'E-SY, n. [Gr. Xtfioj and yevsais.] The doc
trine or science of the origin of minerals.
LITH-0-GLYPH'ITE, n. [Gr. \idos and yXv^w.] A fossil
LI-THOG'RA-PHER, 71. One who practices lithography.
S?S:§:|Rira'I-€AL, I «• Pertaining to lithography
LlTH-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. By the lithographic art.
LI-THOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. XiOos and ypa<p(o.] The art of
engraving, or of tracing letters, figures or other designs on
stone, and of transferring them to paper by impression,
LlTH-0-LOG'IC, I a. Pertaining to the science of
LITH-O-LOG'I-CAL, \ stones,
LI-TH0L'0-6IST, 71. A person skiUed in the science of
stones.
LI-TH0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. Xidog and \oyos.] 1. The science
or natural history of stones, 2. A treatise on stones found
in the body. Coxe.
LITH'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr, Xj0o? and nav-eia.] Divination
or prediction of events by means of stones. Brown.
LITH-O-MXR'GA, ) n. [Gr. Xj0os,and L. marga.] An earth
LITH'0-MAR6E, \ of two species.
LITH-ON-TRIP'TIC, a, [Gr. )^iBos and rpijiw.] Having the
quality of dissolving the stone in the bladder or kidneys,
LITH-ON-TRIP'Tie, n. A medicine which has the power
of dissolving the stone in the bladder or kidneys.
LITH'ON-TRIP-TOR, or LITH'O-TRIT-OR, n. An instru
ment for triturating the stone m the bladder.
LITH'ON-TRIP-TY, or LITH'O-TRIT-Y, n. The opera-
tion of triturating the stone in the bladder.
LI-THOPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. Xt0os and <payu).] Eating or
swallowing stones or gravel, as the ostrich.
LITH'O-PHOS-PHOR, n. [Gr. \idos and ^wa^opos.] A
stone that becomes p.'iosphoric by heat.
LITH-0-PHOS-PHOR'IC, a. Pertaining to lithophosphor ;
becoming phosphoric by heat.
LITH'O-PHYL, 71. [Gr. \iQos and ^vWov.] Bibliolite or
lithobiblion, fossil leaves.
LITH'O-PHYTE, 7z. [Gr. \iQos and (pvrov.] Stone-coral.
LITH-0-PHYT'I€, a. Pertaining to lithophytes.
LITH-0PH'-Y-T0US,a. Pertaining to or consisting of lith-
ophytes.
LITH'O-TOME, n. [Gr. 'XiQo? and te/zvo).] A stone so
formed naturally as to appear as if cut artificially.
LlTH-0-TOM'I€, a. Pertaining to or performed by lithoto-
my.
LI-THOT'O-MIST, n. One who performs the operation of
cutting for the stone in the bladder.
LI-THOT'0-MY, n. [Gr, XiBoi and r£//vw.] The operation,
art or practice of cutting for the stone in the bladder,
LI-THOX'YLE, n. [Gr, \lQos and |vXov,] Petrified wood.
LT'THY, a. Easily bent ; pliable,
LIT'I-GANT, a. Contending in law ; engaged in a lawsuit.
LIT'I-GANT, n. A person engaged in a lawsuit,
LIT'I-GATE, V. t. [L. litigo.] To contest in law ; to prose-
cute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and
judicial debate,
LIT'I-GATE, V. i. To dispute in law ; to carry on a suit by
judicial process.
LIT'I-GA-TED, jjp. Contested judicially.
LIT'I-GA-TING, j7pr. Contesting inlaw.
LIT-I-Ga'TION, 71. The act or process of carrying on a
suit in a court of law or equity for the recovery of a right
or claim ; a judicial contest.
LI-TIG'IOUS, a. [Fr. litigieux ; L. litigiosus.] 1. Inclined to
judicial contest ; given to the practice of contending in
law ; quarrelsome ; contentious. 2. Disputable ; contro
veitible ; subject to contention.
IJ-Tl6'IOUS-LY, adv. In a contentious manner.
LI TIG'IOUS-NESS, n. A disposition to engage in or to
carry on lawsuits , inclination to judicial contests.
o^ee Synopsis 5, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR. FALL. WHAT 5— PRfiY j— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolete
LIV
501
LOA
LIT'MUS, qr LAC'MUS, n. A blue pigment, formed from
archil, a species of lichen. See Archil.
LIT'ORN, 71. A bird, a species of thrush.
LET'OTE, n. [Gr. Xltos.] Diminution; extenuation.
LIT'TEN, n. [Sax. lictuti.] A place where the dead are re-
posited.
LIT'TER, n. [Fr. litiere. ' .A vehicle formed with shafts
supporting a bed between them, in which a person may
be borne by men or by a horse. 2. Straw, hay or other
soft substance, used as a bed for horses and for other pur-
poses. 3. [Ice. lider.] A brood of young pigs, kittens,
puppies, or other quadrupeds. 4. A birth of pigs or other
small animals. 5. Waste matters, shreds, fragments and
the like, scattered on a floor or other clean place.
LCT'TER, V. t. 1. To bring forth young, as swine and other
small quadrupeds. 2. To scatter over carelessly with
shreds, fragments and the like. 3. To cover with straw
or hay. 4. To supply with litter.
LIT'TERED, pp. 1. Furnished with straw. 2. a. Covered
or overspread with Jitter.
LIT'TLE, a. ,• comp. less, lesser ; sup. least. [Sax. lytel,
hjtle ; Scot, lite, hjte.] 1. Small in size or extent ; not
great or large. 2. Short in duration. 3. Small in quan-
tity or amount. 4. Of small dignity, power or importance.
5. Of small force or eflect ; slight; inconsiderable.
LIT'TLE, n. I. A small quantity or amount. 2. A small
space. 3. Any thing small, slight, or of inconsiderable
importance. 4. Not much.
LIT'TLE, adv. In a small degree ; slightly. 2. Not much;
in a small quantity or space of time. 3. In some degree ;
slightly ; sometimes preceded by a.
LIT'TLE-NESS, n. 1. Smallness of size or bulk. 2. Mean-
ness ; want of grandeur. 3. Want of dignity. 4. Mean-
ness ; penuriousness.
LITTO-RAL, a. [L. littoralis.] Belonging to a shore. [L. u.]
LIT'U-ITE, n. A fossU shell.
LL?ul|l€AL, I ^- Pertaining to a liturgy.
LIT'UR-GY, 71. [Fr. liturgie ; Sp., It. liturgia.] In a gen-
eral sense, all public ceremonies that belong to divine
service ; hence, among the Romanists, the mass ; and
among Protestants, the common prayer, or the formulary
of public prayers.
LIVE, (liv) V. i. [Sax. liban, leofan, lifian ; Goth, liban.]
1. To abide ; to dwell ; to have settled residence in any
place. 2. To continue ; to be permanent ; not to perish.
3. To be animated; to have the vital principle. 4. To
have the principles of vegetable life. 5. To pass life or
time in a particular manner, with regard to habits or con-
dition. 6. To continue in life ; as, the way to live long is
to be temperate, 7. To live, emphatically ; to enjoy life ;
to be in a state of happiness. 8. To feed ; to subsist ; to
be nourished and supported in life. 9. To subsist; to be
maintained in life ; to be supported. 10. To remain un-
destroyed; to float ; not to sink or founder. 11. To exist;
to have being. — 12. In Scripture, to be exempt from death,
temporal or spiritual. 13. To recover from sickness ; to
have life prolonged. John iv. 14. To be inwardly quick-
ened, nourished and actuated by divine influence or faith.
Gal. ii. 15 To be greatly refreshed, comforted and ani-
mated. 16. To appear as in life or reality ; to be mani-
fest in real character. — To live with. 1. To dwell or to be
a lodger with. 2. To cohabit ; to have intercourse, as
male and female.
LIVE, (liv) v.t. 1. To continue in, constantly or habitual-
ly. 2. To act habitually in conformity to.
LIVE, a. 1. Having life ; having respiration and other or-
ganic functions in operation, or in a capacity to operate ;
not dead. 2. Having vegetable life. 3. Containing fire ;
ignited ; not extinct. 4. Vivid, as color.
t LIVE, 71. Life.
jLlVE'LESS. See Lifeless.
LiVE'LI-HOOD, 71. [lively and hood.] Means of living ;
support of life ; maintenance.
LiVE'LI-LY. See Lively.
LiVE'LI-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being lively or
animated ; sprightliness ; vivacity ; animation ; spirit. 2.
An appearance of life, animation or spirit. 3. Briskness ;
activity ; effervescence, as of liquors.
t LTVE'LODE, for livelihood. Hiihberd's Tale.
LiVE'LONG, (liv'long) a. [live and long.] 1. Long in pass-
ing. 2. Lasting ; durable ; [ote.] 3. Aplantofthe genus
sedum.
LiVE'LY, a. 1. Brisk ; vigorous ; vivacious ; active. 2.
Gay ; airy. 3. Representing life. 4. Animated ; spirit-
ed. 5. Strong; energetic.
ITVE'LY, adv. 1. Briskly ; vigorously; [l.u.] Hayward.
2. With strong resemblance of life; [l.u.] Dryden.
LIVER, 71. One who lives. Prior.
LIV ER, 7!. [Sax. lifer, lifre.] A viscus or intestine of con-
siderable size and of a reddish color.
LIV'ER-€6L-0R, a. Dark red ; of the color of the liver.
LIV'ERED, a. Having a liver ; as, white-livered.
LIV'ER-GRoWN, a. Having a large liver. Graunt.
LIVER-STONE, n. [G. leber-stein.] A stotle.
LIVER- W6RT, n. The name of many species ol plants.
LIV'ER-Y, 71. [Norm. ; Fr. livrer.] 1. The act of delivering
possession of lands or tenements ; a term of English law
2. Release from wardship ; deliverance. 3. The writ by
which possession is obtained. 4. The state of being kept
at a certain rate. 5. A form of dress by which noblemen
and gentlemen distinguish their servants, 6. A particular
dress or garb, appropriate or peculiar to particular times or
things. 7. The whole body of liverymen in London.
LIVER-Y, V. t. To clothe in livery. Shak.
LIV'ER-Y-MAN, n. 1. One who wears a livery ; as a ser-
vant.— 2, In London, a freeman of the city, of some dis-
tinction.
LIVER- Y-STa'BLE, n. A stable where horses are kept for
hire.
Lives, n. ; plu. of Life.
LlVE'STOGK, n. Horses, cattle and smaller domestic ani-
mals ; a term applied in .America to such animals as may
be exported alive for foreign market.
LIVID, a. [Fr. livide ; L. lividus.] Black and blue ; of a
lead color ; discolored, as flesh by contusion.
LI-VID'I-TY )
LIVID-NESS "• -^ ^^^^ color, like that of bruised flesh
lilY 'ING, ppr. 1. Dwelling ; residing ; existing ; sul»sisting ;
having life, or the vital functions in operation ; not dead
2. a. Issuing continually from the earth ; running; flow-
ing. 3. a. Producing action, animation and vigor; quick-
ening.
LIVING, 71, He or those who are alive; usually with a
plural signification.
LIVING, 71. Means of subsistence ; estate, 2. Power of
continuing life. 3. Livelihood. 4. The benefice of a
clergyman.
LIVING-LY, adv. In a living state. Brown.
LI-VON'I-€A TERTtA, n. A species of fine bole found in
Livonia.
Li'VRE, ai'vur) n. [Fr. ; L, libra.] A French money of
account, equal to 20 sous, or 10 pence sterling.
LIX-IVI-AL, or LIX-IVI-OUS, a. [L. lixivius.] 1. Ob-
tained by lixiviation ; impregnated with alkaline salt. 2.
Containing salt extracted from the ashes of wood. 3. Of
the color of lye ; resembling lye. 4. Having the qualities
of alkaline salts from wood ashes.
LIX-IVI-ATE, ) a. 1. Pertaining to lye or lixivium ; of
LIX-IVI-A-TED, ^ the quality of alkaline salts. 2. Im-
pregnated with salts from wood ashes.
LIX-IVI-ATE, V. t. [L. lixivia, lixivium.] To form lye ; to
impregnate with salts from wood ashes.
LIX-IV-[-A'TION, n. The process of extracting alkaline
salts from ashes by pouring water on them.
LIX-I VI-UM, ??,. [I/.] Lye; water impregnated with alka-
line salts imbibed from wood ashes,
LIZ'ARD, 71. [Fr. lezarde ; L. lacertus.] In zoology, a ge-
nus of amphibious animals, called lacerta, and compr&-
bending the crocodile, alligator, chameleon,salamander, &c.
LIZ'ARD-TaIL, n. A plant of the genus saururus.
LL. D. Letters standing for Doctor of Laws, the title of aa
honorary degree.
LO, exclam. [Sa5.. la.] Look ; see ; behold ; observe.
LoACH, or Locke, n. [Fr. loche.] A small fish of the ge
nus cobitis, inhabiting small clear streams.
Load, n. [Sax. hlad, or lade.] 1. A burden ; that which is
laid on or put in any thing for conveyance. ' 2. Any heavy
burden ; a large quantity borne or sustained. 3. That
which is borne with pain or difiiculty ; a grievous weight ;
encumbrance ; in a literal sense. 4. Weight or violence
of blows. 5. A quantity of food or drink that oppresses,
or as much as can be borne. — 6. Among miners, the quan-
tity of nine dishes of ore, each dish being about half a
hundred weight.
Load, v. t. ,• pret. and pp. loaded ; [leaden, formerly used,
is obsolete.] 1. To lay on a burden ; to put on or in some-
thing to be carried, or as much as can be carried. 2. To
encumber ; to lay on or put in that which is borne with
pain or difficulty. 3. To make heavy by something added
or appended. 4. To bestow or confer on in great abund-
ance.
Load 'ED, pp. l. Charged with a load or cargo ; having a
burden. 2. Burdened with any thing oppressive.
LoAD'ER, 71. One who puts on a load.
LoAD'ING, ppr. Charging with a load ; burdening ; en-
cumbering ; charging, as a gun.
LoAD'ING, n. A cargo ; a burden ; also, any thing that
makes part of a load.
t LoAD'MAN-AGE, 71. Pilotage ; skill of a pilot.
t LoADS'MAN, n. [load and man.] A pilot.
jLoADSTAR, or LoDE'STAR, 71. [lead and star.] The
star that leads ; the polestar ; the cynosure.
LoAD'STONE, n. [from the verb lead and stone. The old
orthography, lodestone, is most correct.] The native mag-
net, an ore of iron in the lowest state of oxydation, which
has the powei of attracting metallic iron. See Lodestone.
LoAF, n. ; plu Loaves. [Sax. hlaf, or laf.] 1. A mass of
See Syno:}9;s. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
LOG
502
LOD
bread when baked. 2. A mass or lump, as of sugar. 3.
Any thick mass.
LoAF'-SUG-AR, (15fe'shug-ar) n. Sugar refined and formed
into a conical mass.
LoAM, ?i. [Sax. lam ; D. leem.] A natural mixture of sand
and clay with oxyd of iron ; a species of earth or soil of
different colors.
LoAM, V, t.To cover with loam. Moxon.
LoAM'Y, ft. Consisting of loam ; partaking of the nature of
loam, or resembling it.
JiOAN, 71. [Sax. ten, 7iZ(E7!.] 1. The "act of lending ; a lend-
ing. 2. That which is lent. 3. Something furnished for
temporary use, on the condition that it shall be returned
or its equivalent, but with a compensation for the use. 4.
A furnishing ; permission to use ; grant of the use.
Loan, v. t. [Sax. Imnan ; G. lehnen.] To lend ; to deliver
to another for temporary use ; or to deliver for temporary
use, on condition that an equivalent in kind shall be re-
turned, with a compensation for the use, as in the case of
monev at interest. Ramsay. Kent.
LoAN'-OF-FlCE, n. In America, a public office in which
loans of money are negotiated for the public.
LoAN'-OF'FI-CER, n. A public oiRcer empowered to su-
perintend and transact the business of a loan-office.
LoATH, ; a. [Sax. lath, lathian. See Loth.] Disliking;
LOTH, I unwilling ; reluctant.
Loathe, > v. t. To hate ; to look on with hatred or abhor-
LoTHE, \ rence ; particularly, to feel disgust at food or
drink. See Lothe.
LoATH'ER, n. One that loathes.
LoATH'FUL, a. 1. Hating ; abhorring through disgust. 2.
Abhorred ; hated. Spenser.
LoATH'ING, ppr. Hating from disgust ; abhorring.
LoATH'ING-LY, adv. In a fastidious manner.
LoATH'LI-NESS, n. The quality of exciting disgust or
abhorrence.
f LoATH'LY, a. Hateful ; exciting hatred. Spenser.
LoATH'LY, flf^u. Unwillingly ; reluctantly. Seel othly.
LoATH'NESS, n. Unwillingness ; reluctance. See Loth-
NESS.
LoATH'SoME, a. 1. Disgusting ; exciting disgust. 2.
Hateful ; abhorred; detestable. 3. Causing fastidiousness.
See LoTHEsoME.
LoATH'S6ME-LY, adv. In a loathsome manner.
LoATH'SoME-NESS, n. The quality which excites dis-
gust, hatred or abhorrence. Addison.
Loaves, n. piu. of Loaf.
LOB, n. [W. Hob.] 1. A dull, heavy, sluggish person. 2.
Something thick and heavy. Walton.
LOB, V. t. To let fall heavily or lazily, Shak.
Lo'BATE, or LoBED, a. Consisting of lobes. — In botany,
divided to the middle into parts distant from each other,
with convex margins. Martyn.
LOB'BY, n. 1. An opening "before a room, or an entrance
into a principal apartment, where there is a considerable
space between that and the portico or vestibule. 2. A
small hall or waiting room. 3. A small apartment taken
from a hall or entry. — 4. In a sMp^ an apartment close be-
fore the captain's cabin. — 5. In agriculture, a confined
place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees or other fencing,
near the farm-yard .
LOB'€0€K, 7i. A sluggish, stupid, inactive person ; a lob.
Breton,.
LOBE, 71. [Fr. Zo6e.] 1. A part or division of the lungs^ liv-
er, &c. 2. The lower, soft part of the ear. 3. A division
of a simple leaf, 4. The cotyledon or placenta of a seed.
LoBED, a. Lobate, which see.
LOB'LOL-LY, n. A kind of seafaring dish. Chambers.
LOBS'POUND, 71. A prison. Hudibras.
LOB'STEE, n. [Sax, loppestrc, ox lopystre.] A crustaceous
fish of the genus €07101^.
LOB'ULE, n. [Sp. lobulo.] A small lobe.
Lo'CAL, a. [Fr,, Sp. local ,• L. localis.] 1. Pertaining to
a place, or to a fixed or limited portion of space. 2. Lim-
ited or confined to a spot, place, or definite district. — 3,
In lam, local actions are such as must be brought in a par-
ticular county, where the cause arises.
LO-€AL'I-TY, n. 1. Existence in a place, or in a certain
portion of space. 2. Limitation to a county, district or
place. 3. Position ; situation ; place ; particularly, geo-
graphical place or situation.
Lo'€AL-LY, adv. With respect to place ; in place,
Lo'CATE, V. t. [L, loco, locatus.] 1. To place ; to set in a
particular spot or position. Cumberland. 2. To select,
survey and settle the bounds of a particular tract of land ;
or to designate a portion of land by limits. United States,
3, To designate and determine the place of. J\r. England.
Lo'CA-TED, pp. Placed ; situated ; fixed in place.
Lo'€A-TING, ppr. Placing ; designating the place of.
LO-€a'TION, 71. 1. The act of placing, or of designating
the place of. 2. Situation with respect to place. 3. That
which is located ; a tract of land designated in place. U.
States.— 4. In the civil law, a leasing on rent.
LOCH, 71. [Gaelic] A lake ; a bay or arm of the sea ; used
in Scotland.
LOCH, 71. Loch, or lohoch, is an Arabian name for the forms
of medicines called eclegmas„ lambatives, linctures, and
the like.
LOCH'AGE, n. [Gr. ^oxayos.] In Greece, an officer who
commanded a lochus or cohort. Mitford.
LOCHE. See Loach.
Lo'CHI-A, n. [Gr. Xo'xtia.] Evacuations which follow
childbhth.
Lo'CHI-AL, a. Pertaining to evacuations from the womo
after childbirth.
LOCK, n. [Sax. loc, or Zoce.] 1. An instrument used to fas-
ten doors, chests and the like. 2. The part of a musket
or fowling-piece or other fire-arm, which contains the
pan, trigger, &c. 3. The barrier or works of a canal,
which confine the water. 4. A grapple in wrestling. 5
Any inclosure. 6. A tuft of hair ; a plexus of wool, hay
or other like substance ; a flock ; a ringlet of hair.
LO€K'-KEEP-ER, n. One who attends the locks of a canal.
LOCK'-PAD-DLE, n. A small sluice that serves to fill and
empty a lock,
LO€K'-SIL, n. An angular piece of timber at the bottom of
a lock, against which the gates shut.
LOCK'-WEIR, 71. A paddle-weir, in canals.
LOCK, V. t. 1. To fasten with a particular instrument. 2.
To shut up or confine, as with a lock. 3. To close fast.
4. To embrace closely. 5. To furnish with locks, as a
canal. 6. To confine ; to restrain. — 7. In fencing, to
seize the sword-arm of an antagonist.
LOCK, V. i. 1. To become fast. 2. To unite closely by
mutual insertion. Boijle.
LOCK'AfiE, n. 1. Materials for locks in a canal. 2. Works
which form a lock on a canal. 3. Toll paid for passing
the locks of a canal.
LOCKED, pp. Made fast by a lock ; furnished with a lock
or locks ; closely embraced.
LOCK'ER, n. A close place, as a drawer or an apartment in
a ship, that may be closed with a lock.
LOCK'ET, n. [Fr. loguet.] A small lock ; a catch or spring
to fasten a necklace or other ornament.
LOCK'RAM, n. A sort of coarse linen. Hanmer.
LOCK'RON, 71. A kind of ranunculus.
LOCK'SMITH, 71. An artificer whos« occupation is to make
locks.
LOCK'Y, a. Having locks or tufts. Sherwood.
LO-CO-Mo'TION, n. [L. locus and motio.] 1. The act of
moving from place to place. 2. The power of moving
from place to place.
LO-€0-Mo'TIVE, a. Moving from place to place ; changing
place, or able to change place.
LO-CO-MO-TIV'I-TY, n. The power of changing place.
LOC'U-LA-MENT, n. [L. loculamentum.] In botany, the
cell of a pericarp in which the seed is lodged.
Lo'CUST, n. [L. locusta.] An insect o{ the genua gryllv^s
Lo'CUST, 71, A name of several plants and trees,
Lo'CUST-TREE, n. A tree of the genus Hymencea.
t LO-CIJ'TION, 71. Discourse ; manner of speech; plu-ase.
LODE, 71. [from Sax. Itsdan.] 1. Among 7ni7iers, a metallic
vein, or any regular vein or course. Cyc. 2. A cut or
reacii of water. Cyc ,
LoDE'-STONE, 7z. [from the veih to lead, and stone.] L
A magnet, an ore of iron. 2. A name given by Cornish
miners to a species of stones, called, also, tin-stones.
fLODG'A-BLE, a. Capable of affording a temporary abode.
LODGE, V. t. [Fr. loger ; It. loggia.] 1. To set, lay or de-
posit for keeping or preservation, for a longer or shorter
time. 2. To place ; to plant ; to infix. 3. To fix ; to set-
tle in the heart, mind or memory. 4. To furnish with a
temporary habitation, or with an accommodation for a
night. 5. To harbor ; to cover. 6. To afford place to ;
to contain for keeping. 7. To throw in or on. 8. To
throw down ; to lay flat.
LODGE, V. i. 1. To reside ; to dwell ; to rest in a place. 2.
To rest or dwell for a time, as for a night, a week, a
month. 3, To fall flat, as grain.
LODGE, n. 1. A small house in a park or forest, for a tem-
porary place of rest at night ; a temporary habitation ; a
hut, 2, A small house or tenement appended to a larger,
3, A den ; a cave ; any place where a wild beast dwells.
LODGED, pp. Placed at rest ; deposited ; infixed ; furnish-
ed with accommodations for a night or other short time ;
laid flat.
LODG'ER, 71. 1. One who lives at board, or in a hired room,
or who has a bed in another's house for a night. 2. One
that resides in any place for a time.
LODG'ING, J);??-. 1. Placing at rest; depositing; furnishing
lodgings. 2. Resting for a night ; residing for a time.
LODG'ING, 71. 1. Aplaceof rest for anight, or of residence
for a time ; temporary habitation ; apartment. 2. Place
of residence. 3. Harbor; cover; place of rest. 4. Con-
venience for repose at night.
LODG'MENT, 71. [Fi. logemmt.] 1. The act of lodging, or
* See Synopsis S, E, T, O, tl, "?, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete.
LOI
503
LON
the state of being lodged ; a being placed or deposited at
rest for keeping for a time or for permanence. 2. Accu-
mulation or collection of something deposited or remaining
at rest. — 3. In militart/ affairs, an encampment made by
an army. 4. A work cast up by besiegers during their
approaches, in souio dangerous post.
fLOFFE, V. i. To Idugh. Shak.
LOFT, n. [Dan. lojt ; Sax. lyfte.] 1. In a building, the el-
evation of one story or floor above another. 2.' A high
room or place. Pope.
LOFT'I-LY, adv. 1. On high 5 in an elevated place. 2.
Proudly 5 haughtily. 3. With elevation of language, dic-
tion or sentiment ; s'lblimely. 4. In an elevated attitude.
LOFT'I-NESS, n. 1. Height ; elevation in place or position ;
altifade. 2. Pride j haughtiness. 3. Elevation of atti-
tude or mien. 4. Sublimity ; elevation of diction or sen-
timent.
LOFT'Y, a. 1. Elevated in place ; high. 2. Elevated in
condition or character. 3. Proud 5 haughty. 4. Elevated
in sentijnent or diction ; sublime. 5. Stately 5 dignified.
LOG, n. [D, log, logge, heavy.] 1. A bulky piece or sticlc
of timber unhewed.— 2. In navigation, a machine for
measuring the rate of a ship's velocity through the water.
3. [Heb. J*?.] A Hebrew measure of liquids.
fLOG, «_. i. To move to and fro. Pohokele.
LOG'-BoARD, n. In navigation, two boards, shutting like
a book, and divided into columns, containing the hours of
the day and night, direction of the wind, course of the
ship, &c., from wnich is formed the log-book.
LOG'-BOOK, n. A book into which are transcribed the con-
tents o'f the log-board. Mar. Diet.
LOG'-HOUSE, ) n. A house or hut whose walls are com-
LOG'-HUT, ) posed of logs laid on each other.
LOG'-LtNE, n. A line or cord about a hundred and fifty
fathoms in length, fastened to the log by means of two
legs.
LOG'-REEL, n. A reel in the gallery of a ship, on whicli
the log-line is wound. Mar. Diet.
LOG'A-RITHM, n. [Fr. logarithme.] Logarithms are the
exponents of a series of powers and roots. Day.
LOG-A-RITH-MET'I€, )
L0G-A-RITH-MET'I-€AL, f a. Pertaining to logarithms ;
LOG-A-RITH'MI€, ( consisting of logarithms.
L0G-A-RITH'MI-€AL, )
*• LOG'GATS, n. The name of a play or game, the same as
is now called kettle-pins. Hanmer.
LOG'GER-HEAD, 71. 1. A blockhead ; a dunce ; a dolt ; a
thick-skull. Shak. 2. A spherical mass of iron, with a
long handle. — To fall to loggerheads, or to go to logger-
heads, to come to blows ; to fall to fighting without
weapons.
LOG'GER-HEAD-ED, a. Dull ; stupid ; doltish. Shak.
L06'I€, 71. [Fr. logique ; L., It. logica.] The art of think-
ing and reasoning justly. Watts. The purpose of logic is
to direct the intellectual powers in the investigation of
truth, and in the communication of it to others. Hedge.
L00'I-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to logic; used in logic. 2.
According to the rules of logic. 3. Skilled in logic ;
versed in the art of thinking and reasoning ; discrim-
inating.
L0G'I-€AL-LY, ado. According to the rules of logic.
LO-GI"CIAN, n. A person skilled in logic. Pope.
L0-6[S'TI€, a. Relating to sexagesimal fractions.
LOG'MAN, 7i. 1. A man who carries logs. Shak. 2. One
whose occupation is to cut and convey logs to a mill ;
[local.] _ United States.
T Of^ O OR 4 PT-T/T^ 1
LOG-o"-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ "' Pertaining to logography.
LO-GOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. Xoyo? and ypa^w.] A method
of printing, in which a type represents a word, instead of
forming a letter.
t LOG'O-GRiPHE, 71. [Gr. \oyog and ypicpoi.] A sort of rid-
dle. B. Jonson.
t LO-GOM'A-€HIST, n. One who contends about words.
E. T. Fitch.
L0-G0M'A-€HY, 71. [Gr. Aoyo? and ^a;;^;??.] Contention in
words merely, or rather a contention about words ; a war
of words. Howell.
LOG-0-MET'Rie, a. [Gr. \oyos and /terpew.] A logometric
scale is intended to measure or ascertain chemical equiva-
lents.
LOG'WOOD, 71. A species of tree and wood, called, also,
Campeachy-wood.
Lo'IIOCH, ) n. [At.] A medicine of a middle consistence
Lo'HOOK, \ between a soft electuary and a sirup. Sec
Loch.
LOIN, n. [Sax. lend ,- G., D. lende.] The loins are the space
on each side of the vertebrie, between the lowest of the
false ribs and the upper portion of the as ilium or haunch
bone, or the lateral portions of the lumbar region ; called,
also, the reins.
LOIT'ER, v.i. [D. leuteren.] To linger; to be slow in
moving ; to c'elay ; to be dilatory ; to spend time idly.
LOIT'ER-ER, n. A lingerer ; one that delays or is slow in
motion ; an idler ; one that is sluggish or dilatory.
LOIT'ER-ING, ppr. Lingering ; delaying ; moving slowly
LOKE, 77. [qu. Ir. loch.] I. In the Scandinavian mythology,
the evil deity. 2. A close, narrow lane ; [local.]
LOLL, V. i. [Dan. laller ; G. lallen.] 1. To recline ; to lean ;
properly, to throw one's self down ; hence, to lie at ease
2. To suffer the tongue to hang extended from the mouth,
as an ox or a dog when heated with labor or exertion.
LOLL, V. t. To thrust out, as the tongue. Dryden.
LOLL'ARD, or LOLL'ER, n. [qu. G. lallen, lollen, to prate
or to sing.] The Lollards were a sect of early reformers
in Germany and England, the followers of Wickliffe.
LOLL'AR-DY, n. The doctrines of the Lollards.
LOLL'ING, ppr. Throwing down or out; reclining at ease ;
thrusting out the tongue.
LOL'LOP, 75. i. To move heavily ; to walk in a heavy,
lounging manner ; to lean idly ; and, in a general sense,
to idle. Brockett. A low word.
LOM-BARD'I€, a. Pertaining to the Lombards.
Lo'MENT, 71. tL. lonientum.] An elongated pericarp.
LOM-EN-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. lomentum.] Furnished with
a loment.
LOM'O-NITE, n. Laumonite, or di-prismatic zeolite.
LOMP, 7?. A kind of roundish fish. Johnson.
LoN'DON-ER, 71. A native of London ; an inhabitant of
London.
LoN'DON-ISM, 71. A mode of speaking peculiar to Lon-
don. Pegge.
LONE, a. [Dan. Ion.] 1. Solitary; retired; unfrequented;
having no company. 2. Single ; standing by itself ; not
having others in the neighborhood. 3. Single ; unmar-
ried, or in widowhood.
LONE, or LON'NIN, 71. A lane. [Local.]
LoNE'LI-NESS, n. 1. Solitude ; returement ; seclusion
from company. 2. Love of retirement ; disposition to
solitude.
LoNE'LY, a. 1. Solitary; retired; sequestered from com-
pany or neighbors. 2. Solitary. 3. Addicted to solitude
or seclusion from company.
LoNE'NESS, 71. Solitude ; seclusion. Donne.
LoNE'SoME, a. Solitary ; secluded from society.
LoNE'S6ME-LY, adv. In a dismal or lonesome manner.
LoNE'SoME-NESS, n. The state of being solitary ; soli
tude.
LONG, a. [Sax. long, lang and leng ; G. lange ; D., Dan
lang ; L. longus ; It. lungo ; Vr. long.] 1. Extended;
drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length ; opposed
to short. 2. Drawn out or extended in time. 3. Extend-
ked to any certain measure expressed. 4. Dilatory ; con
tinning for an extended time. 5. Tedious ; continued to 3
great length. 6. Continued in a series to a great extent
7. Continued in sound ; protracted. 8. Continued ; liu
gering or longhig. 9. Extensive ; extending far in pros
pect or into futurity. — Long home, the grave, or death
Kccles. xii.
t LONG, 7i. Formerly, a musical note equal to two breves
LONG, adv. 1. To a great extent in space. 2. To a grea«
extent in time. 3. At a point of duration far distant^
either prior or posterior. 4. Through the whole extent ot
duration of.
fLONG, adv. [Sax. gel an g.] By means of; by the fault
of; owing to. Shak.
t LONG, V. t. To belong. Chaucer.
LONG, V. i. [Sax. langian.] 1, To desire earnestly or ea-
gerly. 2. To have a preternatural, craving appetite. 3.
To have an eager appetite.
LON-GA-NIM'I-TY, n. [L. longanimitas.] Forbearance ;
patienc^ ; disposition to endure long under offenses.
LONG'BoAT, n. The largest and strongest boat belonging
to a ship. Mar. Diet.
LON'GER, 'a. [comp. of long.] More long; of greater
length.
LON'GER, adv. For a greater duration .
LON'GEST, a. Of the greatest extent.
LON'GEST, adv. For the greatest continuance of time
LON-Ge'VAL, a. [L. longus and cevum,] Long-lived.
L0N-6EV'I-TY, n. [L. longcevitas .] Length or duration
oflifej more generally, great length of life.
LON-Ge'VOUS, a. [L. longasvus.] Living a long time ; of
great ase.
LONG'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a great extent of thought.
LON-GIM'A-NOUS, a. [L. longus and manus.] Having
long hands. Brown.
LON-GIM'E-TRY, n. [L. longus, and Gr. fierpov.] The art
or practice of measurmg distances or lengths.
LONG'ING, ppr. Earnestly desiring ; having a craving or
preternatural appetite.
LONG'ING, n. An eager desire ; a craving or preternatural
appetite,
LONG'ING-LY, adv. With eager wishes or appetite.
LON-6lN'aUI-TY, n. [L. longinqvitas.] Great distance.
LONG'ISH, a. Somewhat long ; moderately long.
LON'GI-TUDE, n. [L. longitude.] 1. Properly, length
Srt
MOVE, BOOK D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
LOO
504
LOP
2. The distance of any place on the globe from another
place, eastWEu-d or westward ; or the distance of any place
from a given meridian. 3. The longitude of a star is its
distance from the equinoctial points,, or the beginning of
Aries or Libra.
LON-(jI-Td'DI-NAL, a. 1. Pertaining to longitude or
length. 2. Extending in length ; running lengthwise, as
distinguished from transverse or across. Bailey.
LON-GI-TU'DI-NAL-LY, adv. In the direction of length.
LONG'LEGGED, a. Having long legs.
LONG'LiVED, a. Having a long life or existence ; living
long ; lasting long.
LLONG'LY, adv. With longing desire. Shak.
ONG'-MEAS-URE, n. Lineal measure ; the measure of
length.
LONG'NESS, 71. Length. [Little used.]
LONG-PRIM'ER, n. A printing type of a particular size,
between small pica and bourgeois.
LONG'SHANKED, a. Having long legs. Burton.
LONG'-SlGHT, n. Long-sightedness. Good.
LONG'-SlGHT'ED, a. Able to see at a great distance 5 used
literally of the eyes, and figuratively of the mind or in-
tellect.
LONG'-SlGHT'ED-NESS, n. I. The faculty of seeing ob-
jects at a great distance.— 2. In medicine, presbyopy ; that
defect of sight by which objects near at hand are seen
confusedly, but at remoter distances distinctly.
t LONG'SoME, a. Extended in length 5 tnesome ; tedious.
t LONG'SoME-NESS, n. Tediousness. Hist. Conformity.
LONG'SPUN, a. Spun or extended to a great length. Ad-
dison.
LONG-SUF'FER-ANCE, n. Forbearance to punish ; clem-
ency ; patience. Com. Prayer.
LONG-SUF'FER-ING, a. Bearing injuries or provocation
for a long time ; patient 3 not easily provoked.
LONG-SUF'FER-ING, n. Long endurance ; patience of
offense.
LONG'TaIL, n. Cut and longtail, a canting term for one
or another. Shak.
LONG'-ToNGUED, a. Rating 5 babbling. Shak.
LONG'VVAYS, a mistake for longwise.
LONG-WIND'ED, a. Long-breathed ; tedious in speaking,
argument or narration.
LONG'-WiSE, adv. In the direction of length ; length-
wise. [Little used.] Hakewill.
L6NGE, n. [Fr.] A thrust with a sword. Smollett.
t LO'NISH, a. Somewhat solitary.
LOO, 71. A game at cards. Pope.
LOO, V. t. To beat the opponents by winning every trick
at the game. Shak.
LOOB'I-LY, adv. Like a looby ; in an awkward, clumsy
manner. L^Estrange.
LOOB'Y, n. [W. llabi, llob.] An awkward, clumsy fellow 3
a lubber.
LOOP, n. The after part of a ship's bow.
LOOF. See Luff, which is the word used.
LLOOF'ED, a. [See Aloof.] Gone to a distance. Shak.
OOK, V. i. [Sax. locian.] 1. To direct the eye towards
aii object, with the intention of seeing it. 2. To see ; to
have the sight or view of. 3. To direct the intellectual
eye ; to apply the mind or understanding ; to consider ;
to examine. 4. To expect ; [I. u.] 5. To take care ; to
watch. 6. To be directed. 7. To seem 3 to appear 3 to
have a particular appearance. 8. To have a particular
direction or situation 5 to face 3 to front.
To look about, to look on all sides, or in different directions.
—To look about one, to be on the watch 3 to be vigilant 3
to be circumspect or guarded. — To look after. 1. To at-
tend 3 to ta'ke care of. 2. To expect 3 to be in a state of
expectation. 3. To seek 3 to search.— To Zoo/i /or. 1. To
expect. 2. To seek 5 to search. — To look into, to inspect
closely 3 to observ'e narrowly 3 to examine. — To look on.
1. To regard 3 to esteem. 2. To consider 3 to view 3 to
conceive of 3 to think. 3. To be a mere spectator. — To
look over, to examine one by one. — To overlook has a dif-
ferent sense 3 to pass over without seeing. — To look out, to
be on the watch. — To look to, or unto. 1. To watch 3 to
take care of. 2. To resort to with confidence or expecta-
tion of receiving something 3 to expect to receive from. —
To look through, to penefrate with the eye, or with the
understanding 3 to see or understand perfectly.
LOOK, V. t. 1. To seek 3 to search for 3 [obs.] Spenser. 2.
To influence by looks or presence. Dryden. — To look out,
to search for and discover.
TiOOK, in the imperative, is used to excite attention.
LOOK, n. 1. Cast cf countenance 3 air of the face ; aspect.
2.' The act of looking or seeing. 3. View 3 watch.
LOOK'ER, 71. One who looks. — A looker on, a mere spec-
tator.
^OOK'ING, n. Expectation. Pleb. x.
LOOK'ING-GLXSS, n. A glass which reflects the form of
the person who looks on it 3 a mirror.
LQOK'-OUT, 7i. A careful looking or watching for any
object or event. Mar. Diet.
LOOL, n. In metallurgy, a vessel used to receive tli
washings of ores of metals. Encyc.
LOOM, n. [Sax. loma, geloma.] 1. In composition, heir-
loom, in law, is a personal chattel that by special custom
descends to an heir with the inheritance. 2. A frame in
which a weaver works threads into cloth.— 3. [Dan. lorn
or loom j G. lohme.] A fowl of the size of a goose. 4.
That part of an oar which is within board.
LOOM, V. i. [qu. Sax. leoman.] To appear above the sur-
face either of sea or land, or to appear larger than the real
dimensions, and indistinctly.
LOOM'-GALE, n. A gentle gale of wind. Encyc.
LOOM'ING, ppr. Appearing above the surface, or indis-
tinctly, at a distance.
LOON, 71. [Scot, loun, or loon.] 1. A sorry fellow 3 a rogue,
a rascal. Dryden. 2. [Icel. lunde.] A sea-fowl.
LOOP, n [Ir. Iuba7n.] 1. A folding or doubling of a string
or a noose, through which a lace or cord may be run for
fastening. — 2. In iron-works, the part of a row or block of
cast iron, melted off for the forge or hammer.
LOOPED, a. Full of holes. Shak.
LOOP'HOLE, 71. 1. A small aperture in the bulk-head and
other parts of a merchant ship, through which small arms
are fired at an enemy. 2. A hole or aperture that gives
a passage. 3. A passage for escape 5 means of escape.
Dryden.
LOOP'HoLED, a. Full of holes or openings for escape.
LOOP'ING, 71. [D. loopen.] In metallurgy, the running to-
gether of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore
is only heated for calcination.
t LOORD, 71. [D. Imr; Fr. lourd.] A dull, stupid fellow 3 a
drone. Spenser.
t LOOS, 71. Praise 5 renown. Chaucer.
LOOSE, (loos) V. t. [Sax. lysan, alysan, leosan; D. lossen,
loozen ; G. losen ; Dan. loser.] 1. To untie or unbind 3 to
free from any fastening. 2. To relax. 3. To release
from imprisonment 5 to liberate 3 to set at liberty. 4. To
free from obligation. 5. To free from any thing that
binds or shackles. 6. To relieve 3 to free from any thing
burdensome or afilictive. 7. To disengage 3 to detach.
8. To put off. 9. To open. 10. To remit ; to absolve.
LOOSE, V. i. To set sail 3 to leave a port or harbor.
LOOSE, a. [Goth, laus ; D. los, losse ; G. los ; Dan. Ids.]
1. Unbound 3 untied 3 unsewed 3 not fastened or confined.
2. Not tight or close. 3. Not crowded 3 not close or com-
pact. 4. Not dense, close or compact. 5. Not close 5 not
concise 3 lax. 6. Not precise or exact 3 vague 3 inde-
terminate. 7. Not strict or rigid. 8. Unconnected 3 ram-
bling. 9. Of lax bowels. 10. Unengaged 3 not attached
or enslaved. II. Disengaged 3 free from obligation. 12.
Wanton 3 unrestrained in behavior 3 dissolute 5 unchaste
13. Containing unchaste language. — To break loose, to
escape from confinement 3 to gain liberty by violence. —
To let loose, to free from restraint or confinement 3 to set
at liberty.
LOOSE, n. Freedom from restraint 3 liberty. Dryden.
LOOSED, pp. Untied 3 unbound ; freed from restraint.
LOOSE'LY, (loos'ly) adv. 1. Not fast 3 not firmly 3 that
may be easily disengaged. 2. Without confinement. 3.
Without union or connection. 4. Irregularly 3 not with
the usual restraints. 5. Negligently 3 carelessly 3 heed-
lessly. 6. Meanly 3 slightly. 7. Wantonly 5 dissolutely;
unchastely.
LOOS'EN, (loos'n) v. t. [from loose.] 1. To free from tight-
ness, tension, firmness or fixedness. 2. To render less
dense or compact. 3. To free from restraint. 4. To re-
move costiveness from 3 to facilitate or increase alvine
discharges.
LOOS'EN, V. i. To become loose 3 to become less tight,
firm or compact.
LOOS'ENED, pp. Freed from tightness or fixedness 3 ren-
dered loose.
LOOSE'NESS, (loos'nes) n. I. The state of being loose or
relaxed 3 a state opposite to that of being tight, fast, fixed
or compact. 2. The state opposite to rigor or rigidness 5
laxity 3 levity. 3. Irregularity 3 habitual deviation from
strict rules. 4. Habitual lewdness 3 unchastity 5. Flux
from the bowels 3 diarrhea.
LOOS'EN-ING, ppr. Freeing from tightness, tension or
fixedness 5 rendering less compact.
LOOSE'STRIFE, (loos'strlfe) n. In botany, the name of
several species of plants. Lee.
LOOS'ING, ppr. Setting free from confinement.
LOP, V. t. 1. To cut off, as the top or extreme part of any
thing 3 to shorten by cutting off the extremities. 2. To
cut off, as exuberances 3 to separate, as superfluous parts.
3. To cut partly off and bend down. 4. To let fall.
LOP, 71. That which is cut from trees.
LOP, n. [Sax. loppe.] A flea. [Local.]
t LOPE, pret. of leap. [Sw. Ihpa ; D. loopen.] Spenser.
LOPE, 71. [Sw. Ihpa ; D. loopen.] A leap ; a long step. [j3
word in popular use in AmericaT]
LOPE, V. i. To leap ; to move or run with a long step, as a
dog.
* See Synapsis A, E T. O, V ?,
loni
-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD j— t Obseiete
LOS
505
LOU
LoP'ING, ppr. Leaping ; moving or running with a long
step.
LOPPED, pp. Cut off J shortened by cutting off the top or
end ; bent down.
LOP'PER, 71. One tliat lops.
LOP'PING, ppr. Cutting off; shortening by cutting off the
extremity ; letting fall.
LOP'PING, n. That which is cut off.
LO-aUA'CIOUS, a. [L. loquax.] 1. Talkative ; given to
continual talking. 2. Speaking; noisy. 3. Apt to blab
iiiid disclose secrets
LO-QUa'CIOUS-NESS, ) n. [L. loquacitas.] Talkative-
LO-aUAC'I-TY, \ ness ; the habit or practice of
talking continually or excessively.
LORD, n. [Sax, hlafo?-d.] J, A master; a person possess-
ing supreme power and authority ; a ruler ; a governor.
2. A tyrant ; an oppressive ruler. 3. A husband. 4. A
baron ; the proprietor of a manor. 5. A nobleman ; a
title of honor iji Oreat Britain given to those who are
noble by birth or creation ; a peer of the realm. 6. An
honorary title bestowed on certain official characters ; as,
loi-d chancellor. — 7. In Scripture, the Supreme Being ;
Jehovah.
LORD, V. t. To invest with the dignity and privileges of a
lord.
LORD, V i. To domineer; to rule with arbitrary or des-
potic sway.
LORD'ING, n. A little lord ; a lord, in contempt or ridi-
cule. \Little used.l Swift.
,ORD LlK^E, a. 1. Be
LORD Like, a. 1. Becoming a lord. 2. Haughty; proud;
insolent. Dryden.
LOKDLI-NESS, n. 1. Dignity; high station. Sliak. 2.
Pride ; haughtiness. More.
LORD'LING, n. A little or diminutive lord. Swift.
LORD'LY, a. 1. Becoming a lord ; pertaining to a lord.
2. Proud ; haughty ; imperious ; insolent. Swift.
LORD'LY", adv. Proudly ; imperiouslv ; despotically.
LORD'SHIP, 71. 1. The state or quality of being a lord ;
hence, a title of honor given to noblemen. 2. A titulary
compellatiou of judges and certain other persons in au-
thority and office. 3. Dominion; power; authority. 4.
Seigniory ; domain ; the territory of a lord over which lie
holds jurisdiction ; a manor.
LORE, 71. [Sax. lar.] Learning ; doctrine ; lesson ; in-
struction.
t LOR'EL, n. [Sax. Itnran.] An abandoned scoundrel ; a
vagrant. Chaucer.
t LoRES'MAN, n. An instructor. Qower.
LOR'I-€ATE, V. t. [L. lorico, loricatus.] 1. To plate over;
to spread over, as a plate for defense. 2. To cover with a
crust, as a chemical vessel, for resisting fire.
LOR'I-€A-TED, pp. Covered or plated over ; encrusted.
LOR'I-€A-TING, ppr. Covering over with a plate or crust.
LOR-I-€a'TION, 71. The act or operation of covering any
thing with a plate or crust for defense.
t LOR'I-MER.^ 71. [L. lo)-um ; Fr. lormier.] A bridle-maker;
one that makes bits for bridles, &c.
t LoR'I-NG, 71. Instructive discourse. Spenser.
Lo'RI-OT, 71. [Fr.] A bird called witwal ; the oriole.
Lo'RIS, 71. A small quadruped of Ceylon.
LORX, a. [Sax., Dan. for I or en. See Forlorn.] Lost; for-
saken ; lonely. Spenser.
Lo'HY, 71. A subordinate genus of fowls.
LOS'A-BLE, a. That may be lost. [Little used.] Boyle.
LOSE, (looz) V. t. ; pret. and pp. lost. [Sax. losian, forlo-
sian, forhjsan.] 1. To mislay ; to part or be separated
from a thing, so as to have no knowledge of the place
wliere it is. 2. To forfeit by unsuccessful contest. 3.
Not to gain or win. 4. To be deprived of. 5. To forfeit,
as a penalty. 6. To suffer diminution or waste of. 7. To
ruin ; to destroy. 8. To wander from ; to miss, so as not
to be able to find. 9. To bewilder. 10. To possess no
longer; to be deprived of. 11. Not to employ or enjoy ;
to waste. 12. To waste; to squander; to throw away.
13. To suffer to vanish from view or perception. 14, To
ruin ; to destroy by shipwreck, fee. 15. To cause to
perish. 16. To employ ineffectually ; to throw away ; to
waste. 17. To be freed from. 18. To fail to obtain.— T'o
lose one's self to be bewildered ; also, to slumber ; to
have the memory and reason suspended.
LOSE, (looz) v.i. ]. To forfeit any thing in contest; not to
win. 2, To decline ; to fail,
|LOS'EL,77. [from the root of Zoose,] A wasteful fellow,
one who loses by sloth or neglect; a worthless person,
Spenser.
f LOS'EN-GER, 71. [Sax. leas.] A deceiver.
LOS'ER, (looz'er) 7i. One that loses, or that is deprived of
any thing by defeat, forfeiture or the like.
LOS'ING, (looz'ing) ppr. Parting from ; missing ; forfeiting ;
wasting ; employing to no good purpose.
LOSS, n. 1. Privation. 2. Destruction ; rain. 3. Defeat.
4. Waste ; useless application. 5. Waste by leakage or
escape. — To bear a loss, to make good ; also, to sustain a
loss without sinking under it. — To be at a loss, to be puz-
zled ; to be unable to determine ; to be in a state of un-
certainty.
f LOSS'FUL, a. Detrimental, Bp. Hall,
\ LOSS'LESS, a. Free from loss. Milton.
IjOST, pp. [from Zose.] 1. Mislaid or left in a place un-
known or forgotten ; that cannot be found. 2. Ruined;
destroyed ; wasted or squandered ; employed to no good
purpose. 3. Forfeited. 4. Not able to find the right way,
or the place intended. 5. Bewildered ; perplexed ; being
in a maze. 6. Alienated ; insensible ; hardened beyond
sensibility or recovery. 7. Not perceptible to the senses ;
not visible. 8. Shipwrecked or foundered ; sunk or de-
stroyed.
LOT, 71. [Sax. hlot, hlodd. Met, hlyt ; D., Fr. lot ; Sw. lott.\
1. That which, in human speech, is called chance, hazard,
fortune. 2. That by which the fate or portion of one is
determined. 3. The part, division or fate which falls to
one by chance, that is, by divine determination. 4. A
distinct portion or parcel. 5. Proportion or share of taxes.
—6. In the United States, a piece or division of land.
Franklin. — To cast lots, is to use or throw a die, or some
other instrument. — To draw lots, to determine an event
by drawing one thing from a number whose marks are
concealed from the drawer, and thus determinmg an
event.
LOT, V. t. To allot ; to assign ; to distribute ; to sort ; to
catalogue ; to portion. Prior.
LOT Upon, V. To anticipate with fondness or desire. [.^
colloquial phrase in JVew England.]
LOTE, 71. [L. lotu^, lotos.] 1. A plant of the genus celtis,
the lote-tree. 2. A little fish.
* LOTH, a. [Sax. lath ; Sw. led ; Dan. leede. I have follow-
ed Milton, Dryden, Waller, Spenser and Shakspeare in the
orthography of the adjective, and Cruden in that of the
verb.] 1. Literally, hating; detesting; hence, 2. Un-
willing ; disliking ; not inclined ; reluctant.
LOTHE, V. t. [Sax. lathian.] 1. To feel disgust at any
thing ; properly, to have an extreme aversion of the ap-
petite to food or drink. 2. To hate ; to dislike greatiy ;
to abhor.
f LOTHE, v.i. To create disgust. Spenser.
LoTHED, pp. Hated ; abhorred ; turned from with disgust.
LoTH'ER, n. One that lothes or abhors.
LoTH'FUL, a. I. Hating; abhorring. 2. Disgusting;
hated ; exciting abhorrence.
LoTH'ING, ppr. 1. Feeling disgust at ; having extreme
aversion to. 2. Hating ; abhorring.
LoTH ING, 77. Extreme disgust ; abhorrence.
LoTH'ING-LY, adv. With extreme disgust or abhorrence
in a fastidious manner.
*LOTH'LY, adv. Unwillingly; reluctantly. Donne.
* LOTH'NESS, 71. Unwillingness ; reluctance.
LoTH'SoME, a. [Sw. ledesam.] I. Causing an extreme
avei-sion of appetite ; exciting fastidiousness. 2. Exciting
extreme disgust; offensive. 3. Odious; exciting hatred
or abhonence ; detestable.
LoTH'SoME-NESS, n. The quality of exciting extreme
disgust or abliorrence. .Bddison.
Lo'TION, n. [L. lotio.] 1. A washing ; particularly, a
washing of the skin for the purpose of rendering it fair.
2. A liquid preparation for washing some part of the body
to cleanse it of foulness or deformity — 3. In pharmacy, a.
preparation of medicines, by washing them in some li-
quid, to remove foreign substances, impurities, &c.
LOT'TER-Y, 77. [Fr. loterie ; Sp. loteria.] 1. A scheme
for the distribution of prizes by chance, or the distribution
itself. 2. Allotment; [obs.]
LOUD, a. [Sax, hlud, or lud.] 1. Having a great sound ,
high-sounding : noisy ; striking the ear with great force
2. Uttering or' making a great noise. 3. Clamorous ;
noisy. 4. Emphatical ; impressive.
LOUD'LY, adv. 1. With great sound or noise ; noisily
2. Clamorously ; with vehement complaints or importu-
nity.
LOUD'NESS, 71. ]. Great sound or noise. 2. Clamor;
clamorousness ; turbulence ; uproar.
LOUGH, (lok) 7!. [Ir. and Scot, loch.] A lake ; a different
orthography of loch and lake. Fairfax.
LOu'IS D'oR, (lii'e-dore) 7t. [a Lewis of gold.] A gold coin
of France, value, twentv shillings sterling, equal to
$4,4444.
LOUNGE, v. i. [Fr. longis.] To live in idleness ; to spend
time lazily.
LOUNG'ER, 71. An idler ; one who loiters away his time in
indolence.
LOUR. See Lower.
LOUSE, (lous) 71. ,• plu. Lice. [Sax. Zms .- plu. hjs.] Asmall
insect of the genus pediculus.
LOUSE, (louz) V. t. To clean from lice. Swift.
LOUSEi-WoRT, (lous'-wurt) n. A plant.
LOUS'I-LY, adv. In a mean, paltry manner; scurvily
LOUS'I-NESS, n. The state of abounding with lice.
LOUS'Y, a. ] . Swarming with lice ; infested with lice
2. Mean ; low ; contemptible, Shak.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete.
LOW
506
LOY
LOUT, n. [qu. Sax. Zeod.] A mean, awkward fellow j a
bumpkin j a clown. Shak.
t LOUT, V. i. [Sax. hlutan.] To bend j to bow ; to stoop.
Speiiser. B. Jonson.
LOUT'ISH, a. Clownish ; rude ; awkward. Sidney.
LOUT'ISH-LY, adi>. Like a clown j in a rude, clumsy,
awkward manner.
LOUT ISH-NESS, n. Clownishness ; behavior of a bump-
kin.
LOU'VER, (loo'ver) n. [Fr. Pouvert.] An opening in the
roof of a cottage for the smoke to escape.
LoVA-BLE. a. Worthy of love j amiable. Sherwood.
L6VA6E, 71. A plant of the genus ligusticum.
L6VE, (luv) V. t. [Sax. lufian, luvian ; D. lievoi ; G. Ueben.]
1. To be pleased with ; to regard with affection, on ac-
count of some qualities which excite pleasing sensa-
tions or desire of gratification ; to have a strong, a tender,
or a dutiful affection for. 2. To have benevolence or
good will for.
LoVE, 71. 1. An affection of the mind excited by beauty
and worth of any kind, or by the qualities of an object
which communicate pleasure, sensual or intellectual. It
is opposed to hatred. Love between the sexes is a com-
pound affection, consisting of esteem, benevolence and
animal desire. 2. Courtship j chiefly in the phrase to
make love, that is, to court ; to woo ; to solicit union in
marriage. 3. Patriotism ; the attachment one has to his
native land. 4. Benevolence ; good will. 5, The object
beloved. 6. A word of endearment. 7. Picturesque rep-
resentation of love. 8. Lewdness. 9. A thin, silk stuff;
[obs.] — Love in idleness, a kind of violet. Shak. — Free of
love, a plant of the genus cercis. Fam. of Plants.
L6VE'-AP-PLE, n. A plant of the genus solanum.
L6VE'-BRo-KER, n. A third person who acts as agent be-
tween lovers. Shak.
LOVED, fp. Having the affection of any one.
L6VE'-DaRT-ING, a. Darting love. Milton.
LoVE'-DaY, ??.. A day formerly appointed for an amicable
adjustment of differences. Chaucer.
L6VE'-Fa-V0R, 71. Something given to be worn in token
of love. Bp. Hall.
LoVE'-KNOT, (luv'-not) n. A knot so called, used as a
token of love, or representing mutual affection.
L6VE'-La-B0R£D, a. Labored by love. jMilton.
LoVE'-LASS, 71. A sweetheart.
LoVE'LESS, a. Void of love; void of tenderness.
LoVE'-LET-TER, 71. A letter professing love ; a letter of
courtship.
L6VE'LI-LY, adv. Amiably ; in a manner to excite love.
LoVE'LI-NESS, 71. Amiableness; qualities of body or
mind that may excite love. Spectator.
LoVE'-LOeK, n. A curl or lock of hair so called ; worn by
men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James 1.
Lihi.
LoVE'-LORN, a. Forsaken by one's love. Milton.
LoVE'LY, (luv'ly) a. Amiable; that may excite love;
possessing qualities which may invite affection.
f L6VE'-M6N-GER, n. One who deals in affairs of love.
LoVE'-PlNED, a. Wasted by love. Spenser.
LoV'ER, 71. 1. One who loves ; one who has a tender af-
fection, particularly for a female. 2. A friend ; one who
regards with kindness. 3. One who likes or is pleased
with any thing.
LOVER, and LOOVER. See Louver.
LoVE'-Se-CRET, n. A secret between lovers. Dryden.
LoVE'-SHAFT, n. Cupid's arrow. Shak.
LoVE'-SI€K, a. 1. Sick or languishing with love or am-
orous desire. 2. Dictated by a languishing lover, or ex-
pressive of languishing love.
tLoVE'SOME, a. Lovely. Dryden.
LoVE'-SONG, n. A song expressing love. Shak.
LoVE'-S'UIT, n. Courtship ; solicitation of union in mar-
riage. Shak.
LoVE'-TaLE, 77. A narrative of love. Addison.
t LoVE'-THOUGHT, 71. Amorous fancy. Shak.
LoVE'-TO-KEN, 71. A present in token of love. Shak.
LoVE'-TOY, 71. A small present from a lover. Arbuthnot.
LoVEiTRICK, 71. Art or artifice expressive of love.
LOVING, ppr. 1. Entertaining a strong affection for ;
having tender regard for. 2. a. Fond ; affectionate. 3.
Expressing love or kindness.
LDV'ING-KlND'NESS, n. Tender regard ; mercy ; favor ;
a Scriptural word. Ps. Ixxxix.
L6V'ING-LY, adv. With love ; affectionately.
LoV'ING-NESS, n. Affection ; kind regard. Sidney.
LoW, a [D. laag ; G. leg- ; Sw. lag ; Sax. loh.] 1. Not
high 01 elevated ; depressed below any given surface or
place. 2. Not rising to the usual height. 3. Declining
near the horizon. 4. Deep; descending far below the
adjacent ground. 5. Sunk to the natural level of the
ocean by the retiring of the tide. 6. Below the usual
rate or amount, or below the ordinary value. 7. Not high
or loud. 8. Grave ; depressed in the scale of sounds. 9.
Near or not very distant from the equator. 10. Late in
time; modem. 11. Dejected; depressed in vigor ; want-
ing strength or animation. 12. Depressed in conditions
in a humble state. 13. Humble in rank ; in a mean con-
dition. 14. Mean; abject; groveling; base. 15. Dis-
honorable ; mean. 16. Not elevated or sublime ; not ex-
alted in thought or diction. 17. Vulgar; common. 18.
Submissive ; humble ; reverent. 19. Weak ; exhausted
of vital energy. 20. Feeble; weak; without force. 21.
Moderate; not inflammatory. 22. Moderate; not in-
tense. 23. Impoverished; in reduced circumstances.
24. Moderate. 25. Plain; simple; not rich, high-season-
ed or nourishing.
LoW, adv. 1. Not aloft ; not on high ; often in composition.
2. Under the usual price ; at a moderate price. 3. Near
the ground. 4. In a mean condition. 5. In time ap-
proaching our own. 6. With a depressed voice ; not
lojidly. 7.- In a state of subjection, poverty or disgrace.
t Low, V. i. To sink ; to depress. Wickliffe.
LoW, V. i. ^Sax. hleowan.] To bellow, as an ox or cow.
LoW, or LoVVE, [Sax. hlaw, a hill.] A termination of
names ; as in Bed-low.
LoW'BELL, n. [Sw. Idge ; Scot, lowe.] A kmd of fowl-
ing in the night, in which the birds are wakened by a
bell.
LoW'BELL, V. t. To scare, as with a lowbeU.
LoW'-BORN, a. Born in low life.
LoW'-BRED, a. Bred in a low condition or manner; vul-
gar.
LoW'ER, V. t. 1. To cause to descend ; to let down ; to
take or bring down. 2. To suffer to sink downwai-ds.
3. To bring down ; to reduce or humble. 4. To lessen ',
to diminish ; to reduce, as value or amount.
LoW'ER, V. i. To fall ; to sink ; to grow less. Shak.
LOW'ER, V. i. 1. To appear dark or gloomy ; to be cloud-
ed ; to threaten a storm. 2. To frown ; to look sullen.
LOW'ER, ?!. 1. Cloudiness; gloominess. 2. A frowning;
sullenness. Sidney.
LoW'ER, a. [comp. of Zoio.] Less high or elevated.
LOW'ER-ING-LY, adv. With cloudiness or threatening
gloom.
LoW'ER-MoST, a. [from low.] Lowest.
LOW ER-Y, a. Cloudy ; gloomy.
Lowest, a. [superl. of low.] Most low; deepest; most
depressed or degraded, &c.
LoW'ING, ppr. Bellowing, as an ox.
Lowing, «. The bellowing or cry of cattle.
LoW'LAND, n. Land which is low with respect to the
neighboring country ; a low or level country.
tLoW'LI-HQOD, n. A humble state. Chaucer.
LoWLl-IuY ^ adv. Humbly ; without pride ; meanly ; with-
out dignity.
LoW'LI-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from pride ; humility ;
humbleness of mind. 2. Meanness; want of dignity;
abject state.
LoW'LY, a. 1. Havmg a low esteem of one's own worth;
humble ; meek ; free from pride. 2. Mean ; low ; want-
ing dignity or rank. 3. Not lofty or sublime; humble.
4. Not high ; not elevated in place.
LoW'LY, adv. 1. Humbly; meekly; modestly. 2.
Meanly ; in a low condition ; without grandeur or dig-
nity.
LOWN, 71. [See Loon.] A low fellow ; a scoundrel.
LOWND, a. [Icel. Zoo^K.] Calm and mild ; out of the wind ;
under cover or shelter.
LoW'NESS, n. 1. The state of being low or depressed ;
the state of being less elevated than something else. 2.
Meanness of condition. 3. Meanness of mind or charac-
ter ; want of dignity. 4. Want of sublimity in style or
sentiment. 5. Submissiveness. 6. Depression of mind ;
want of courage or fortitude ; dejection. 7. Depression
in fortune ; a state of poverty. 8. Depression in strength
or intensity. 9. Depression in price or worth. 10
Graveness of sound. 11. Softness of sound.
LoVV-SPlR'IT-ED, a. Not having animation and courage ;
dejected ; depressed ; not lively or sprightly.
LoW-SPlR'IT-ED-NESS, n. Dejection of mind or cour-
age ; a state of low spirits. Cheyne.
LoVV-THOUGHT'ED, a. Having the thoughts employed
on low subjects ; not having elevated thoughts.
LoW'-WiNES, n. The liquor produced by the first distilla-
tion of fermented liquors ; the first run of the still.
LOX-O-DROM'IC, a. [Gr. Ao|os and ^po/zoj.] Pertaining to
oblique sailing by the rhomb.
LOX-0-DROM'I€S, n. The art of oblique sailing by the
rhomb, which always makes an equal angle with every
meridian.
LOY'AL, a. \¥x. loyal.] Faithful to a prince or superior ;
true to plighted faith, duty or love ; not treacherous ; used
of subjects to their prince, and of husband, wife and lovers.
LOY'AL-IST, 71. A person who adheres to his sovereign ;
one who maintains his allegiance to his prince, and de-
fends his cause in times of revolt.
LOY'AL-LY, adv. With fidelity to a prince or sovereign,
or to a husband or lover.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, tj, Y, long.—FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY 3— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
LUC
507
LUM
LOY'AL-TY n. Fidelity to a prince or sovereign, or to a
husband or lover. Clarendon.
IiOZ'EN6E, n. [Fr. losaiigc.'\ 1. Originally, a figure with four
equal sides, having two acute and two obtuse angles ; a
rhomb. — 2. In heraldry, a four-cornered figure, resembling
a pane of glass in old casements. — 3. Among jewelers,
lozenges are common to brilliants and rose diamonds. 4.
A form of medicine in small pieces, to be chewed or held
in the mouth till melted. — 5. In confectionary, a small
cake of preserved fruit, or of sugar, &c.
LOZ'ENGED, a. Made into the shape of lozenges.
L0Z'EN-6Y, a. In heraldry, having the field or charge
covered with lozenges.
LP, a contraction of lordship.
LU. See Loo.
t LUB'BARD. See Lubber.
LUB'BER, 71. [W. llabi, Hob.'] A heavy, clumsy fellow ;
a sturdy drone ; a clown. Tusser.
LUB'BEK-LY, a. Properly, tall and lank without activitj' ;
hence, bulky and heavy ; clumsy ; lazy.
LUB'BER-LY, adv. Clumsily ; awkwardly. Dryden.
Lu'BilI€, a. [L. lubiicus.] 1. Having a smooth surface ;
slippery. 2. Wavering ; unsteady. 3. Lascivious ; wan-
ton ; lewd.
Lu'BRI-eANT, n. That which lubricates.
Lu'BRI-GATE, v. t. [L. lubrico.} To make smooth or
slippery.
LU'BRI-CA-TED, pp. Made smooth and slippery.
Lu'BRI-€A-TING , ppr. Rendering smooth and slippery.
LuBRI-CA-TOR, tu That which lubricates.
LU-BRIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. lubricite.] 1. Smoothness of sur-
face ; slipperiness. 2. Smoothness ; aptness to glide over
any thing, or to facilitate the motion of bodies in contact
by diminishing friction. 3. Slipperiness ; instability. 4.
Lasciviousness ; propensity to lewdness j lewdness ; lech-
ery ; incontinency.
LU'BRI-€OUS, a. [L. lubricus.] 1. Smooth ; slippery. 2.
Wavering; unstable. Olanville.
LU-BRI-F ACTION, n. The act of lubricating or making
smooth.
LU-BRIF-I-€a'TION, n. [L. lubricus and facio.] The act
or operation of making smooth and slippery.
LUCE, ?i. A pike full grown. Shak.
Lu'CENT, a. [L, lucens.] Shining; bright; resplendent,
Lu'CERN, n. A plant cultivated fur fodder.
Lu'CID, a. [L.lucidus.] 1. Shining ; bright ; resplendent.
?. Clear ; transparent ; pellucid. 3. Bright with the ra-
diance of intellect ; not darkened or confused by delirium
or madness ; marked by the regular operations of reason.
4. Clear ; distinct ; presenting a clear view ; easily un-
derstood.
t LU-CID'I-TY, n. Brightness.
Lu'CID-NESS, n. Brightness ; clearness.
Lu'CI-FER, n. [L. lux, lucis.] 1. The planet Venus, so
called from its brightness. 2. Satan.
LU-CI-Fe'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Lucifer, or to the Luci-
fei-ians._
LU-CI-Fe'RI-ANS, n. A sect that followed Lucifer, bishop
of Cagliari, in the fourth century.
LU-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lucifer.] Giving light ; affording
light or means of discovery. Boyle.
LU-CIF'ER-OUS-LY, adv. So as to discover.
LU-CIF'IC, a. [L. laz andfacio.] Producing light.
Lu'CI-FORM, a. [L. lux and forma.] Having the form
of light ; resembling light.
LUCK,?!. [B. luk, geluk; G. gliick.] That which happens
to a person ; an event, good or iU, affecting a man's inter-
est or happiness, and which is deemed casual ; fortune.
LUCK'I-LY, adv. Fortunately ; by good fortune ; with a
favorable issue ; in a good sense.
LUCK' [-NESS, n. 1. The state of being fortunate. 2. Good
fortune ; a favorable issue or event.
LUCK'LESS, a. 1. Unfortunate ; meeting with ill success.
2. Unfortunate ; producing ill or no good. Dryden.
LUCK'Y, «. 1. Fortunate ; meeting with good success. 2.
Fortunate ; producing good by chance ; favorable.
Lu'€RA-TlVE, a. [Fr. lucratif; L. lucrativus.] Gainful;
profitable ; making increase of money or goods.
LtJ'CRE, (lu'ker) n. [L. lucrum; Fr. lucre.] Gain in mon-
ey or goods ; profit ; usually in an ill sense, or with the
sense- of something base or unworthy.
fLU'CRE, V. i. To have a desire of pecuniary advantage.
.Anderson.
LU-CRIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lucrum and fero.] Gainful ;
profitable. [Little used.] Boyle.
tLU-CRIF'ie, a. [L. lucrum and facio.] Producing
profit ;_ gainful.
LUC-Ta'TION, w. [L. luctatio.] Struggle; contest; ef-
fort to overcome in contest. [Little used.]
LU€'TU-AL, a. [L. luctus.] Producing grief.
Lu'CU-BRATE, v. i. [L. lucubro.] To study by candle-
light or a lamp ; to study by night.
LU-CU-BRa'TION, n. 1. Study by a lamp or by candle-
light ; nocturnal study. 2. That which is composed by
night ; that which is produced by meditation in retire-
ment.
LU'€U-BRA-TO-RY, a. Composed by candle-light or by
night.
Lu'€U-LENT, a. [L. luculentus.] 1. Lucid ; clear; trans-
parent. 2. Clear ; evident ; luminous.
Lu'CUL-LITE, n. A subspecies of carbonate of lime.
LU-DIB'RI-OUS, a. [L. ludibriosus.] Sportive ; wanton
J. Barlow.
LU DI-CROUS, a. [L. ludicer.] Sportive ; burlesque ; adapt
ed to raise laughter, without scorn or contempt.
LtF'Dl-€ROUS-LY, adv. Sportively ; in burlesque ; in e.
manner to raise laughter without contempt.
LtJ'DI-€ROUS-NESS, ji. Sportiveness ; the quality of ex-
citing laughter without contempt ; merry cast.
LU-DI-FI-€a'TION, ?i. [L. ludificor.] The act of deriding
LU-DIF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Making sport ; exciting derision
LUFF, 71. [Goth, lofa.] The palm of the hand.
LUFF, n. [Fr. lof; G. loof] Weather-gage, or part towards
the wind ; or the sailing of a ship close to the wind.
LUFF, V. i. [D. loeven.] To turn the head of a ship to-
wards the wind ; to sail nearer the wind.
LUFF'-TA€-KLE, 71. A large tackle not destined for any
particular place in the ship, but movable.
LUG, V. t. [Sax. lycean, aluccan, geluggian.] I. To haul "
to drag ; to pull with force, as something heavy and mov-
ed with difliculty. 2. To can-y or convey with labor. —
To lug out, to draw a sword, in burlesque, Dryden.
LUG, V. i. To drag ; to move heavily. Dryden.
LUG, n. 1. A small fisn. — 2. In Scotland, an ear; [obs.]
3. A pole or perch, a land-measure ; [obs.] 4. Something
heavy to be drawn or carried ; [vulgar.]
LUG'GAGE, n. 1. Any thing cumbersome and heavy to be
carried; traveling baggage. 2. Something of more
weight than value.
LUG'GER, n. [D. loger.] A vessel carrying three masts
with a running bowsprit and lug-sails.
LUGGS, 71. An insect like an earth-worm, but having legs.
LUG'SaIL, n. A square sail bent upon a yard that hanga
obliquely to the mast at one third of its length.
LU-Gu'BRI-OUS, ft. [h. lugubris.] Mournful; indicating
sorrow. Decay of Piety.
LUKE, or LEtJKE, a. [Sax. wlmc] Not fully hot.
LtjKE'NESS, or LEuKE'NESS, n. Moderate warmth. Ort.
Vocab.
LuKE'WARM, a. [Sax. vlaco, vlacian.] 1. Moderately
warm ; tepid. 2. Not ardent ; not zealous ; cool ; indif
ferent.
LtJKE'WARM-LY, adv. 1. With moderate warmth. 2
With indifference ; coolly.
LtJKE'WARM-NESS, n. 1. A mild or moderate heat. 2.
Indifference ; want of zeal or ardor ] coldness.
LULL,^•. t. [Dan. luller ; G., D. lullen.] To quiet; to com-
pose : to cause to rest.
LULL, %). i. To subside ; to cease; to become calm.
LULL, 71. Power or quality of soothing. Young.
LULL' A-EY, n. [lull and by.] A song to quiet babes , that
which quiets. Locke.
LULLED, pp. duieted ; appeased ; composed to rest.
LULL'ER, n. One that lulls ; one that fondles.
LULL'ING, ppr. Stilling; composing to ijest.
LUM. n. [qu. Sax. leoma.] The chimney of a cottage.
LUM'A-CHEL, ) n. A calcaneus stone composed of
LUM-A-CHEL'LA, \ shells and coral.
LUM-BA6'I-NOUS, a. Pertaining to lumbago. Cheyne.
LUM-Ba'GO, n. [L. lumbus.] A pain in the loins and small
of the back, such as precedes certain fevers. A rheumat-
ic affection of the muscles about the loins.
LUM'B ^r' ( "" t^" ^"™^^0 Pertaining to the loins.
LUM'BER, 7),. [Sax. leoma ; Sw . lumpor ; G. lumpen.] 1
Any thing useless and cumbersome, or things bulky and
thrown aside as of no use. — 2. In America, timber sawed
or split for use ; as beams, boards, &c. 3. Harm ; mischioi ;
[local.] Pegge.
LUMBER, 7J. J. 1. To heap together in disorder. 2, To
fill with lumber.
LUM'BER, V. i. To move heavily, as if burdened with his
own bulk.
LUM'BER-ROOM, n. A place for the reception of lumber
or useless things.
LUM'BRIC, n. [L. lumbricus.] A worm. Med. Repos.
LUM'BRI-€AL, a. [L. lumbricus.] Resembling a worm.
LUM'BRI-€AL, a. Pertaining to the loins.
LUM'BRI-CAL, n. A muscle of the fingers and toes, so
named from its resembling a worm.
LUM-BRIC'I-FORM, a. [h. lumbricus.] Resembling a worm
in shape.
LIJ'MI-NA-RY, n. [L. luminare.] 1. Any body that gives
light, but chiefly one of the celestial orbs. 2. One that
ifiustrates any subject, or enlightens mankind.
fLu'MI-NATE, V. t. [L. lumino.] To give light to ; to
illuminate.
LU-MI-Na'TION. See Illumination.
* See Sywrpsii MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this. \ Obsolete^
I.UR
508
LUS
t LtJ'MlNE, V. t. To enlighten. See Illumine.
LU-MI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lumen.]. Producing light.
LU'MI-NOUS, a. [L. luminosus.] 1. Shining ; emitting
light. 2. Light; illuminated. 3. Bright; shining. 4.
Clear.
Lt5'MI-NOUS-LY, adv. With brightness or clearness.
Ltt'MI-NOUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being bright or
shining; brightness; Encyc. 2. Clearness; perspicu-
ity.
LUMP, n. [G., Dan. and Sw, klum.'p.] 1. A small mass of
matter of no definite shape. 2. A mass of things blended
or thrown together without order or distinction. 3. A
cluster. — In the lump, the whole together ; in gross.
LUMP, V. t. 1. To throw into a mass ; to unite in a body or
sum without distinction of particulars. 2. To take in the
gross.
LUMP'EN, n. A long fish of a greenish color, and marked
with lines.
LUMP'FISH, n. A thick fish of the genus cydopterus.
LUMP'ING, ppr. 1. Throwing into a mass or sum. 2. a.
Pulky ; heavy ; [a low word.] Arbuthnoi.
LUMP'ISH, a. 1. Like a lump; heavy; gross; bulky.
Dryden. 2. Dull ; inactive. Shak.
LUMP'ISH-LY, adv. Heavily ; with dullness.
LUMP'ISH-NESS, n. Heaviness ; dullness ; stupidity.
LUMP'Y, a. Full of lumps or small compact masses.
Ltr'NA €OR'NE-A. Muriate of silver. Ure.
Lu'NA-CY, n. [from L. luna.] 1. A species of insanity
or madness, supposed to be inflnenced by the moon, or
periodical in the month. 2. Madness in general.
LtJ'NAR, or LU'NA-RY, a. [L. liniaris.] 1. Pertaining to
the moon. 9. Measm-ed by the revolutions of the moon.
3. Resembling the moon ; orbed. 4. Under the influence
of the moon; {ohs.] — Lunar caustic, nitrate of silver,
fused in a low heat. JVicholson.
LU-Na'RI-AN, 71. An inhabitant of the moon.
LU'NA-RY, n. Moonwort, a plant of the genus lunaria.
Lu'NA-TED, a. lormed like a half-moon.
LU'NA-TI€, a. Affected by a species of madness, supposed
to be influenced by the moon.
Lu'NA-Tie, n. A person affected by insanity, supposed to
be influenced or produced by the moon, or by its position
in its orbit ; a madman.
LU-Na'TILN, 71. [L. lunatic ] A revolution of the moon.
LUNCH, ) n. [W. llwnc.] A portion of food taken at
LUNCH'EoN, \ any tune, except at a regular meal.
LUNE, n. [L. luna.] 1 Any thing in the shape of a half-
moon ; [I. u.] Watts. 2. A fit of lunacy or madness, or
a freak ; [obs.] 3. A leash.
Lu'NET, )n. [Fr. lunette.] 1. In fortific ttion, an en-
LU-NETTE', \ veloped counterguard, or ele^ ation of earth
made beyond the second ditch, opposite to the places of
arms. — 2. In the manege, a half horse-shoe, which wants
the spunge, or that part of the branch which runs towards
the quarters of the foot. 3. A piece of felt to cover the
eye of a vicious horse.
Lu'NET, n. A little moon. Bp. Hall.
LUNG, n. [Sax. lungen ; G., Dan. lunge.] I. The lungs
are the organs of respiration in man and many other ani-
mals. — 2. Formerly, a person having a strong voice, and
a sort of servant.
LUNGE, n. [See Allonge.] A sudden push or thrust.
LUNGED, a. Having lungs, or the nature or resemblance
of luncfs ; drawing in and expelling air. Dryden.
LUN'GE-OUS, a. Spiteful ; malicious.
LUNG'GRoWN, a. Having lungs that adhere to the pleura.
Harvey.
LUN'GIS, n. [Fr. longis.] A lingerer , a dull, drowsy fel-
low.
LUNG'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus pulmonaria.
LU'NI-FORM, a. [L. luna and form.] Resembling the
moon.
FiU-NI-So'LAR, a. [L. luna and Solaris.] Compounded
r.f the revolutions of the sun and moon.
LU'NIS-TICE, n. [L. Una and sto.] The farthest point of
the moon's northing and southing, in its monthly revolu-
tion.
LUNT, n. [D. lont ; Dan. lunte.] The match-cord used for
firing cannon. Johnson.
Lu'NU-IiAR, a. [from L. luna.] In botany, like the new
moon ; shaped like a small crescent.
LtJ'NU-LATE, a. [from L. luna.] In botany, resembling
a small crescent.
Lu'PER-CAL, a. Pertaining to the lupercalia, or feasts of
the Romans in honor of Pan ; as a noun, the feast itself.
Ltj'PlNE, n. [Fr. lupin ; L. lupinus.] A kind of pulse.
LU'PIN, 1. Like a wolf. Bp. Oauden.
LiU'PU-LIN, n. [L. lupulus.] The fine yellow powder of
hops. ./3. W. Ives.
LURCH, n. [W. Here.] In seamen^s language, a sudden
roll of a ship. — To leave in the lurch, to leave in a difficult
situation.
LURCH, V. i. 1. To roll or pass suddenly to one side, as a
ship in a heavy sea. 2. To withdraw to one side, or to a
private place ; to lie in ambush or in secret ; to lie close .
[See Lurk.] 3. To shift ; to play tricks.
LURCH, v.t. 1. To defeat ; to disappoint, that is, to evade ,
[I. M.l 2. To steal ; to filch ; to pilfer ; [I. u.]
I LURCH, V. t. [L. lurco.] To swallow or eat greedily j
to devour. Bacon.
LURCH'ER, n. 1. One that lies in wait, or lurks ; one
that watches to pilfer, or to betray or entrap ; a poacher.
2. A dog that watclies for his game. 3. [L. lurco.] A
glutton ; a gormandizer.
jLUR'DAN, a. Blockish. Johnson.
t LUR'DAN, n. A clown ; a blockhead.
LURE, n. [Fr. leurre.] 1. Something held out to call a
hawk ; hence, 2. Any enticement ; that which invites
by the prospect of advantage or pleasure.
LURE, V. i. To call hawks. Bacon.
LURE, V. t. To entice ; to attract ; to invite by any thing
that promises pleasure or advantage.
LuRED, pp. Enticed ; attracted ; invited by the hope of
pleasure or advantage.
LXJ'RID, a. [L. luridus.] Gloomy ; dismal.
LuR'ING,ppr. Enticing; calling.
LURK, V. i. [W. llercian.] 1. To lie hid ; to lie in wait
2. To lie concealed or unperceived. 3. To retire from
public observation ; to keep out of sight.
LURK'ER, n. One that lurks or keeps out of sight.
LURK'ING, ppr. Lying concealed ; keeping out of sight.
LURK'ING-PLACE, n. A place in which one lies conceal-
ed ; a secret place ; a hiding-place ; a den.
LUR'RY, n. A crowd ; a throng ; a heap. World of Won-
ders.
LUS'CIOUS, a. 1. Sweet or rich so as to cloy or nauseate;
sweet to excess. 2. Very sweet ; delicious ; grateful to
the taste. 3. Pleasing; delightful. 4. FuUsome. 5.
Smutty ; obscene ; [unusual.]
LUS'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With sweetness or richness that
cloys or nauseates. 2. Obscenely. Steele.
LUS'CIOUS-NESS, n. Immoderate richness or sweetness
that cloys or offends. Mortimer.
LtJ'SERN, n. A lynx. Johnson.
fLUSH, a. Of a dark, deep, full color. Shak.
tLUSK, a. [Fr. lasche.] Lazy; slothful.
t LUSK, n. A lazy fellow ; a lubber.
LUSK'ISH, a. Inclined to be lazy. Marston.
LUSK'ISH-LY, adv. Lazily.
t LUSK'ISH-NESS, n. Disposition to indolence ; laziness.
LU-So'RI-OUS, a. [L. lusorius.] Used in play ; sportive.
[Little iLsed.] Sanderson.
Lu'SO-RY, a. [L. lusorius.] Used in play ; playful.
LUST, n. [Sax., G., D., Sw. lust.] 1. Longing desire ; eag-
erness to possess or enjoy. 2. Concupiscence ; carnal
appetite ; unlawful desire of carnal pleasure. 3. Evil
propensity ; depraved affections and deskes. 4. Vigor ;
active power ; [obs.]
LUST, V. i. [Sax. lustan.] 1. To desire eagerly ; to long ;
with after. 2. To have carnal desire ; to desire eagerly
the gratification of carnal appetite. 3. To have irregular
or inordinate desires. 4. To^list ; to like.
LUST'FUL, o. 1. Having lust, or eager desire of carnal grat-
ification ; libidinous. 2. Provoking to sensuality ; incit-
ing to lust, or exciting carnal desire. 3. Vigorous ; robust ;
stout.
LUST'FUL-LY, adv. With concupiscence or carnal desire.
LUST'FUL-NESS, n. The state of having carnal desires ;
libidinousness.
LUST'I-LY, adv. With vigor of body ; stoutly.
LUST'I-NESS, ?2. Vigor of body ; stoutness ; strength; ro-
bustness ; sturdiness. Dryden.
liTJST'JNG, ppr. Having eager desire; having carnal
appetite.
LUST'ING, n. Eager desire ; inordinate desire ; desire of
carnal gratification.
t LUST'LESS, a. 1. Listless ; not willing. 2. Not vigorous.
LUS'TRAI-, a. [L. lustralis.] 1. Used in purification. 2.
Pertaining to purification.
LUS'TRATE, v. t. [L. lustro.] 1. To make clear or pure ;
to purify ; [see Illustrate.] 2. To view ; to survey.
LUS-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act or operation of making
clear or pure ; a cleansing or purifying by water. — 2. In
antiquity, the sacrifices or ceremonies by which cities,
fields, armies or people, defiled by crimes, were purified.
LUS'TRE, ) n. [Fr. lustre ,• L. lustrum.] 1. Brightness ;
LUS'TER, \ splendor ; gloss. 2. The splendor of birth,
of deeds, or of fame ; renown ; distinction. 3. A sconce
with lights ; a branched candlestick of glass. 4. [L. lus-
trum.] The space of five years.
LUS'TRI-CAL, a. Pertaining to purification. Middleton.
* LUS'TRING, n. A species of glossy silk cloth. [Corruptly
written and pronounced lutestring.]
LUS'TROUS, a._ Bright ; shining ; luminous. Shak.
LUS'TRUM, n. In ancient Rome, the space of five years.
LUST'-STaINED, a. Defiled by lust. Shak.
* See Synopsis. A E, T, 0, U, Y, long.—F^-R, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;-
MAC
509
MAC
IjUST'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus drosera.
LUST'Y, a. [Dan. lustig.] 1. Stout ; vigorous ; robust ;
healthful; able of body. 2. Bulky; large; of great
size. 3. Handsome ; pleasant ; saucy ; [obs.'\ 4. Copious ;
plentiful. 5. Pregnant; a colloquial use.
LU'TA-NIST n. A person that plays on the lute.
LU-Ta'RI-OoS, a. [L. lutarius.] 1. Pertaining to mud ;
living in mud. 2. Of the color of mud. Grew.
LU-Ta'TION, tu The act or method of luting vessels.
LUTE, 71. [Fr. luth ; It. Imto ; Sp. laud; D. luit.] An in-
strument of music with strings.
LUTE, } n. [Ju. luturii.] Among chemists, a composition
LuT'ING, ) ot clay or other tenacious substance, used for
stopping the juncture of vessels.
LUTE, V. t. To close or coat w^ith lute. Bacon.
LUTE'€ASE, n. A case for a lute. Sliak.
LUT'ED, pp. Closed with lute.
LuT'E-NlST,w. A performer on the lute. Bushy.
LuT'ER, or LuTIST, n. One wlio plays on a lute.
I-UTE'STRING, n. The string of a lute. Shak.
LtjTE'STRING. See Lustring.
Lu'THER-AN, a. Pertaining to Luther, the reformer.
Lu'THER-AN^K. A disciple or foUower of Luther.
LU'THER-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of religion as taught
by Luther.
Lu'THERN, n. In architecture, a kind of window over the
cornice, in the roof of a building.
LuT'ING, ppr. Closing with lute.
Lu'TU-LENT, a. [L. lutulentus.] Muddy ; turbid : thick.
LUX, ) V. t. [L. luxo; Fr. Inzer.] To displace, or re-
LUX'ATE, ) move from its proper place, as a joint ; to
put out of joint ; to dislocate.
LUX'A-TED, j)p. Put out of joint ; dislocated.
LUX'A-TING, ;?;jr. Removing or forcing out of its place, as
a joint ; dislocating.
LUX-a'TION, n. 1. The act of moving or forcing a joint
from its proper place or articulation ; or the state of being
thus put out of joint. 2. A dislocation ; that which is dis-
located.
t LUXE, n. Luxury.
LUX-U'RI-ANCE, } n. [L. luxurians.] 1. Rank growth ;
LUX-U'RI-AN-CY, \ strong, vigorous growth ; exube-
rance. 2. Excessive or superfluous growth.
LUX-U'RI-ANT, a. 1. Exuberant in growth ; abundant.
2. Exuberant in plenty; superfluous in abundance. — 3.
A luxuriant flower multiplies the covers of the fructifica-
tion so as to destroy the essential parts.
LUX-U'RI-ANT-LY, adv. With exuberant growth.
LUX-U'RI-ATE, V. i. To grow exuberantly, or to gi'ow to
superfluous abundance.
LUX-U-Rl-A'TION, n. The process of growing exuberant-
ly, or beyond the natural growth. Lee.
LUX-U'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. hixurieiix ; Jj. luxuriosus.] 1. Vo-
luptuous ; indulging freely or excessively the gratification
of appetite, or in expensive dress and equipage. 2. Ad-
ministering to luxury ; contributing to free or extravagant
indulgence in diet, dress and equipage. 3. Furnished
with luxuries. 4. Softening by pleasme, or free indul-
gence in luxury. 5. Lustful ; libidinous ; given to the
gratification of lust. 6. Luxuriant ; exuberant ; [obs.]
LUX-U'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In abundance of rich diet, dreas
or equipage ; deliciously ; voluptuously.
LUX'U-RIST, n. One given to luxury. Temple.
LUX'U-RY, n. [L. luxuria.] 1. A free or extravagant in-
dulgence in the pleasures of the table ; voluptuousness in
the gratification of appecite ; the free indulgence in costly
dress and equipage. 2. That which gratifies a nice ana
fastidious appetite ; a dainty ; any delicious food or drink.
3. Any thing delightful to the senses. 4. Lust ; lewd
desire ; [obs.'j 5. Luxuriance ; exuberance of growth :
[obs.]
LY, a termination of adjectives, is a contraction of Sax. lie,
G. lich, D. lyk, Dan. Uge, Sw. lik, Eng. like; as in lovely,
manly, that is, love-like, man-like.
LY'AM, 71. A leash for holding a hound. Drayton.
LY-€AN'THRO-PY, n. [Gx.\vKave^wT:ia.] A madness.
LY-Ce'UM, n. [L.] A school; a literary association.
LY-€OS'TOM, 71. A Baltic fish resembling a herring.
LYiyi-AN, a. [from Lydia.] Noting a kind of soft, slovr
music, anciently in vogue. Milton.
LYD'I-AN STONE, 71. Flinty slate. Ure.
LyE, 71. [Sax. leak.] Water impregnated with alkaline
salt imbibed from the ashes of wood.
LYE, n. A falsehood. See Lie.
IjYHNG, ppr. of lie. Being prostrate. See Lie.
LY'ING, ppr. of lie, Tellhig falsehood. — Lying-in. 1. Being
m childbuth. 2. n. The act of bearing a child.
LY'ING-LY, adv. Falsely ; without truth. Shericood.
LYM'NITE, n. A kind of fresh-water snail, found fossil.
LYMPH, n. [L. lympha.] Water, or a colorless fluid in an-
imal bodies, separated from the blood and contained in
certain vessels called lymphatics.
LYMPH'A-TED ( "" brightened into madness ; raving.
LYM-PHAT'I€,'a. L Pertaining to lymph. 2. EntLusi-
astic ; [obs.] Shaftesbury.
LYM-PHAT'1€, n. 1. A vessel of animal bodies which
contains or conveys lymph. 2. A mad enthusiast ; a lu-
natic ; [obs.]
LYi\IPH'E-DU€T, n. [L. lympha and ductus.] A vessel of
animal bodies which conveys the lymph.
LYM-PHOG'RA-PHY, 71. [L. hjmpha, and Gr. ypa6(o.]
A description of the lymphatic vessels.
LYN'DEN-TREE, n. A plant.
LYNX, n. [L. lynx.] A quadruped of the genus felis, eel
ebrated for the sharpness of his sight.
Ly'RATE, ) a. In botany, divided transversely into sev-
Ly'RA-TED, \ eial jags, the lower ones smaller and more
remote from each other than the upper ones.
Lyre, n. [Fr. lyre ; L. lyra.] A stringed instrument of
music, a kind of harp much used by the ancients.
J YR'IC, ) a. [L. lyricus ; Fr. lyrique.] Pertaining to a
LYR'I-€AL, ( lyre or harp.
L YR'IC, n. A composer of lyric poems. Jlddison.
LYR'I-CISM, n. A lyric composition. Gray.
IjY''RIST, n. A musi-ciiin who plays on the harp or lyre.
LYS, ?(. A Chinese measure of length, equal to 533 yards.
LY-Te'RI-AN, a. [Gr. }'VTT]piog.] In medical science, ter-
minating a disease ; indicating the solution of a disease.
LYTH'RODE, 71. A mineral found in Norway.
M.
Mis the thirteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and a
labial articulation, formed by a compression of the
lips. It is called a semi-voioel, and its sound is uniform ;
as in 771071, lime, rim.
M is a numeral letter, and, among the ancients, stood for a
thousand ; a use which is retained by the moderns. With
a dash or stroke over It, M, it stands for a thousand times
a thousand, or a million.
A. M. or M. A. stands for artium magister, master of arts ;
M. D. for medicinm doctor, doctor of medicine ; A. M. for
anno mundi, the year of the world ; MS. for manuscript ;
MSS. for manuscripts.
MAB, 71. [W. mab.] 1. In northern mythology, the queen of
the imaginary beings called /ai?^es. 2. A slattern.
MAB, V. i. To dress negligently. Ray.
MAC, in names of Scotch and Irish origin, signifies son. See
Maid.
MAC-A-Ro'Ni, n. [It. maccheroni.] 1. A kind of paste
made of flour, eggs, sugar and almonds, and dressed with
butter and spices. 2. A sort of droll or fool, and, hence, a
fop ; a fribble ; a finical fellow.
MAC-A-R0N'I€, a. 1. Pertaining to or like a macaroni ;
empty; trifling; vain; affected. 2. Consisting of a mix-
ture or jumble of ill-formed or ill-connected words.
MA€-A-RON'IC, 7i. A kind of burlesque poetry, in which
words of different languages are intermixed, and native
words are made to end in Latin terminations, or Latin
words are modernized. Jones.
MAC-A-ROON'. The same as macaroni.
MA-CAU'CO, 71. A name of several species of quadrupeds
of the genus lemur. Encyc.
MA-CAW, or MA-CA'O, n. The name of a race of beauti-
ful fowls of the parrot kind, under the genus psittacus.
MA-CAW'-TREE, n. A species of palm tree. Miller.
MAC'CA-BEES, n. The name of two apocryphal books in
the Bible.
MAC'CO-BOY, n. A kind of snuff".
MACE, 71. [It. mazza ; Sp. 7naza ; Port, maga.] An ensign
of authority borne before magistrates.
MACE, n. [L. macis.] A spice ; the second coat which cov-
ers the nutmeg.
MaCE'-ALE, n. Ale spiced with mace. Wiseman.
MaCE'-BEAR-ER, 71. A person who carries a mace.
MAC'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. 7Kace?-o.] 1. To make lean ; to
wear away. 2. To mortify ; to harass with corporeal
hardships ; to cause to pine or waste away. 3. To steep
almost to solution ; to soften and separate the parts of a
substance by steeping it in a fluid, or by the digestive
process.
MAC'ER-A-TED, pp. Made thin or lean ; steeped almost to
solution.
♦ See Synop^ MOVE. BOOK, DoVE :— BULL, UNITE -€ a.s K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
MAD
510
MAG
MACER-A-TING, ppr. Making lean ; steeping almost to
solution ; softening.
MAC-ER-A'TION, n. 1. The act or the process of making
thin or lean by wearing away, or by mortification. 2.
The act, process or operation of softening and almost dis-
solving by steeping in a fluid.
MaCE'-REED, or REED'-MACE, n. A plant.
MA€H-I-A-VeL'IAN, a. [from MachiaveL] Pertaining to
Machiavel, or denoting his principles ; politically cun-
ning ; craftyj cunning in political management.
MACH-I-A-VeL'IAN, n. One who adopts the principles of
Machiavel.
MACH I-A-VEL-ISM, n. The principles of Machiavel ; po-
litical cunning and artifice.
MA€H-I-€0-La'TION, n. [Fr. meche and couler.] In old
castles, the pouring of hot substances through apertures in
the upper part of the gate upon assailants ; or the aper-
tures themselves,
MA€H'I-ATAL, a. Pertaining to machines. Diet.
MaCH'I-NATE, v. t. [L. machinor.] To plan ; to contrive :
to form a scheme. Sandys.
MA€H'I-NA-TED, pp. Planned ; contrived.
MA€H'I-NA-TING, ppr. Contriving ; scheming.
MAGH-I-Na'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of planning or con-
triving a scheme for executing some purpose, particularly,
an evil purpose ; an artful design formed with delibera-
tion.
MA€H'I-NA-T0R, n. One that forms a scheme, or who
plo^s with evil designs. Olanville.
MA-CHiNE', 71. [Fr. ; L. machina.] 1. An artificial work,
simple or complicated, that serves to apply or regulate
moving power, or to produce motion, so as to save time or
force. 2, An engine 5 an uistrument of force. 3. Super-
natural agency in a poem, or a superhuman being intro-
duced into a poem to perform some exploit.
MA-CHlN'ER-Y, n. 1. A complicated work, or combination
of mechanical powers in a work, designed to increase,
regulate or apply motion and force. 2. Machines in gen-
eral. — 3. In epic and dramatic poetry, superhuman beings
introduced by the poet to solve difficulty, or perform some
exploit which exceeds human power.
t MA-CHIN'ING, a. Denoting Tlie machinery of a poem.
MA-CHi'NIST, n. [Fr. machavi.stc] A constructor of ma-
chine* and engines, or one well versed in the principles of
machines.
N \-CIG'NO, 71. [It.] A species of stone. Cyc.
IiiAC'I-LEN-CY, ?(. [See Macilbnt.] Learmess.
MAC'I-LENT, a. [h.macileatus.] Lean ; thin.
MA€K, 71. 'i^a corruption of make, inthe JVorth of Englarid.]
A sort ; a kind ; a fashion.
MAGK'ER-EL, 71. [D. mackreel : Cmackrele.] A species
offish of the genus scomber, an excellent table fish.
MA€K'ER-EL, n._ [Old Fr. inaquereL] A pander or pimp.
MA€K'ER-EL-G aLE, n,, in Dryden, may mean a gale that
ripples the surface of the sea.
MAGK'ER-EL-SKy, 71. A sky streaked or marked like a
mackerel. Hooke.
MAG'LE, n. A name given to chiastolite or hollow spar.
]\iA€-Lu'RITE, n. A mineral. jYuttall.
MAG'RO-GOSM, n. [Gr. ^a/cpoj and koct/zos.] The great
world ; the universe, or the visible system of worlds.
MA-€ROL'0-GY, n. [Gr. [xaKpos and Aoyo?.] Long and
tedious talk ; prolonged discourse without matter ; super-
fluity of words.
MA€-Ta'TION, 71. [L. viacto.] The act of killing a victim
for sacrifice. Encyc.
MAG'U-LA, n. [L.] A spot, as on the skin, or on the sur-
face of the sun or other luminous orb.
MAOU-LATE, v. t. [L. macule] To spot ; to stam.
MA€'U-LATE, ) «^„„„.
MA€'U-LA-TED, \ °" -PO"ed.
MA€-U-La'TIO]N, n. The act of spotting ; a spat ; a stain.
MAG'ULE, 71. A spot. [Little used.]
MAD, a. [Sax. gemaad ; Ir. amad; It. matto.] 1. Disordered
in intellect ; distracted ; furious. 2, Proceeding from dis-
ordered intellect or expressing it. 3. Enraged ; furious.
4. Inflamed to excess with desire ; excited with violent
and unreasonable passion or appetite ; infatuated. 5.
Distracted with anxiety or trouble ; extremely perplexed.
6. Infatuated with folly, 7. Inflamed with anger ; very
angry. Jirhuthnot. 8. Proceeding from folly or infatua-
tion.
MAD, V. t. To make mad, furious or angry. Sidney.
M AD, V. i. To be mad, furious or wild. Spenser.
MAD, or MADE, n. [Sax,, Goth, matha.] An earth-worm,
Ray.
MADAM, n. [Fr. ma, and dame.] An appellation or com-
plimentary title given to married and elderly ladies, or
chiefly to them.
MAD'AP-PLE, 71. A plant of the genus solanum.
MAD'BRaIN, ) a. Disordered in mind ; hot-headed ;
MAD'BRaINED, \ rash, Skak.
MAD'GAP, n. [mad-caput or cap.] A violent, rash, ho,-
headed i^rson ; a madman.
MAD'DEN, (raad'n) v. t. To make mad. Thomson
MAD'DEN, V. i. To become mad : to act as if mad
MAD'DENED, pp. Rendered mad.
MAD'DEN-ING, ppr. Making mad or angry.
MAD'DER,7i. [Sax, madder e.] A plant which is much used
in dyeing red.
MAD'DING, ppr. of mad. Raging; furious. Dryden.
MAD'DLE, V. i. To forget ; to wander ; to be in a kind of
confusion. Brockett.
MADE, pret. and pp. of make.
MAD-E-FA€'TION, n. [L.madefacio.] The act of making
wet.
MAD'E-FlED, pp. Made wet. Bacon.
MADE-FY, v. t. [L. madefio.] To make wet or moist ; to
moisten._ [J^ot much used.]
MAD'E-FY-ING, ppr. Making moist or wet.
MA-DEI'RA, n. A rich wine made on the isle of Madeira.
MAD-EM-OI-SELLE', (mad-em-wa-zell')«, [Fr. maandde-
moiselle.] A young woman, or the title given to one : miss
MAD'HEAD-ED, a. Hot-brained ; rash. Shak.
MAD'HOUSE, 7!. A house where insane persons are con-
fined for cure or for restraint.
fMAD'ID, a. ['L.wadidus.] Wet; moist.
MADGE-HOW'LET, 7;. [Fr. machette.] An owl,
MAD'LY, adv. Without reason or understanding ; rashly ;
wildly.
MAD'MAN, n. 1. A man raving or furious with disordered
intellect; a distracted man, 2. A man without under-
standing. 3. One inflamed with extravagant passion, and
acting contrary to reason.
MAD'NESS, n. 1. Distraction; a state of disordered reason
or intellect, in which the patient raves or is furious. 2.
Extreme folly ; headstrong passion and rashness that act
in opposition to reason. 3. Wildness of passion ; fury;
rage.
MA-Do'NA, } n. [Sp. madona ; It. madonna.] A term of
MA-DON'NA, \ compellation equivalent to madam. It is
given to the virgin Mary,
MAD'RE-PORE, n. [Fr. madre, and pore.] A submaruie
substance of a stony hardness, resembling coral.
MAD'RE-PO-RlTE, 71. A name given to certain petrified
bones found in Normandy.
MAD'RE-PO-RlTE, n. 1. A variety of limestone, 2. Fossil
madrepore.
MAD-RIeR', 71. [Fr.] A thick plank armed with iron
plates, with a cavity to receive the mouth of a petard ; a
plank used for supporting the earth in mines.
MAD'RI-GAL, 77. [Sp,, Port,, Fr. madrigal ; It. madrigale.]
1. A httle amorous poem, sometimes called a pastoral
poem.^ 2, An elaborate vocal composition in five or six
parts,
MAD'W6ri,T, n. A plant of the genus alyssum.
M^RE, adv. It is derived from the Saxon mer, famous,
great, noted ; so .Mlmere is all-famous. Oibson.
MAES-To'SO, an Italian word signifying majestic, a direc-
tion m music to plav tJie part with grandeur and strength.
t MAF'FLE, V. i. To stammer. Barret.
MAF'FLER, n. A stummerer. Ainsworth.
MAG-A-ZINE', n. [Fr, magazin .; It. magazzino.] 1. A
store of arms, ammunition or provisions ; or the building
in which such store is deposited, — 2. In ships of war, a
close room in the hold, where the gunpowder is kept, 3.
A pamphlet periodically published, containing miscella-
neous papers or compositions.
MAG-A-ZiN'ER,7(. One who writes for a magazine. [L.u.]
t MAGE, 77. A magician. Spenser.
MAG-EL-LAN'I€ GLOUDS, 77. Whitish clouds, or appear-
ances like clouds, near the south pole,
MAG'GOT, 77. [W. macai, plu, maceiod, magiod.] 1. A
worm or grub ; particularly, the fly-worm, 2. A whim ;
an odd fancy,
MAG'GOT-TI-NESS, n. The state of abounding with mag-
gots.
MAG'GOT-Y, a. Full of maggots.
MAG'GOT-Y-HEAD-ED, a. Having a head full of whims,
Ma'GT, 77. plu. [L.] Wise men or philosophers of the East
Ma'6I-AN, a. [L, magus ; Gr. fiayos.] Pertaining to the
jMagi, a sect of philosophers in Persia,
Ma'gI-AN, 77. One of the sect of the Persian Magi.
Ma'6I-AN-ISM, n. The philosophy of the Magi.
MAG'IG, 71. [It. magia ; Gr. fiayeia.] 1. The art or science
of putting into action the power of spirits ; scjrcery ; en-
chantment. 2. The secret operations of natural causes.
MAG'IG, ) a. 1. Pertaining to magic ; used in magic.
MAG'I-€AL, I 2. Performed by magic, the agency of
spirits, or by the invisible powers of nature.
MAG'I-GvUli-LY, adv. By the arts of magic ; according to
the rules or rites of magic ; by enchantment.
MA-Gi'CIAN, (ma-jish'an) 77, One skilled in magic ; one
that practices the black art ; an enchanter ; a necroman-
cer ; a sorcerer or sorceress.
MAG-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a master ; such as
suits a master ; authoritative, 2. Proud ; lofty ; arrogant ;
* See SynyiP.3. A, E, I, O, U, Y, lonff.—FAR, PALL, WHAT ;— PRgY j— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
MAG
511
MAI
imperious ; domineering. — 3. In chemistry, pertaining to
magistery, wliich see,
MA6-IS-Te'III-AL-LY, adv. Wilh the air of a master ; ar-
rogEintly ; autlioritatively. South.
MACJ-IS-Te'RI-AL-NESS, n. Tlie air and manner of a
master ; haugluiness ; imperiousness ; peremptoriness.
f MAG'IS-TER-Y, n. [L. viagisteriinn.] Among chemists, a
precipitate ; a fine substance deposited by precipitation ;
usually applied to particular kinds of precipitate.
MAG'IS-TKA-CY, n. 1. The office or dignity of a magis-
trate. 2. The body of magistrates.
■\ MA6'IS-TRAL, a. Suiting a magistrate ; authoritative.
t MAG'IS-TRAL, n. A sovereign medicine or remedy.
f MAG-IS-TRAL'I-TY, n. Despotic authority in opinion.
t MA6'IS-TRAL-LY, adv. Authoritatively. Bramhall.
MA6'IS-TRATE, n. [L. magistratus.'] A public civil offi-
cer, invested with the executive or judicial authority, or
some branch of it.
MA6-IS-TRAT'I€, a. Having the authority of a magis-
trate.
MA6'IS-TRA-TURE, n. [Fr.] Magistracy. {Little used.]
MAG'NA €HAR'TA, n. [L. great charter.] 1. The great
charter, so callea, obtained by the English barons from
King John, A. D. 1215. 2. A fundamental constitution
which guarantees rights and privileges.
•f MAG-NAL'I-TY, n. [L. magnalia.'] A great thing. Brown.
MAG-NA-NIM'I-TY, n. [L. magnanimitas.] Greatness of
mina , that elevation or dignity of soul, which encounters
danger and trouble with tranquillity and firmness.
MAG-NAN'I-MOUS, a. [L. magnanimus.] I. Great of
mind ; elevated in soul or in sentiment ; brave ; disin-
terested. 2. Dictated by magnanimity ; exhibiting noble-
ness of soul ; liberal and honorable ; not selfish.
MAG-NAN'I-MOUS-LY, adv. With greatness of mind ;
bravely ; with dignity and elevation of sentiment.
M.4.G-Ne'SIA, 7i. [Ft. inagnesie.] A primitive earth, hav-
ing ibrjts base a substance called magnesium.
MAG-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to magnesia.
MAG'NE-SlTE, n. Carbonated magnesia.
MAG-Ne'SIUM, n. The base of magnesia.
MAG'NET, n. [L.] The lodestone ; an ore of iron which
has the peculiar properties of attracting metallic iron, of
pointing to the poles, and of dipping or inclining down-
wards.
MAG-NET'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaming to the magnet ; pos-
MAG-NET'I-CAL, ] sessing the properties of the magnet,
or corresponding properties. 2. Attractive.
MAG-NET'I-€AL-LY, adv. By means of magnetism ; by
the power of attraction. Burton.
MAG-NET'I-€AL-NESS, ; n. The quality of bemg mag-
MAG-NET'I€-NESS, \ netic.
MAG-NET'I€S, n. The science of magnetism.
MAG-NE-TIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing magnetism.
MAG'NET-ISM, n. 1. That branch of science which treats
of the properties of the magnet, the power of the lode-
stone, &c. 2. Power of attraction. — .Animal magnetism, a
sympathy supposed to exist between the magnet and the
human body.
MAG'NET-iZE, v. t. To communicate magnetic properties
to any thiiig.
MAG'iVET-iZE, v. i. To acquire magnetic properties ; to
become magnetic.
MAG'NET-lZED, pp. Made magnetic.
MAG'NET-lZ-ING, ppr. Imparting magnetism to.
MAG'NI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be magnified ; worthy of
being magnified or extolled.
MAG-NIF'I€, I a. [L. mao-nijicas.] Grand ; splendid ;
MAG-NIF'I-€AL, ] illustrious. Jililton.
MAG-NIF'I-eAL-'LY, adv. In a magnificent manner.
t MAG-NIF'I-€ATE, w. t. To magnffy or extol . Marston.
MAG-NIF'I-CENCE, n. [L. magnijicentia.] Grandeur of ap-
pearance ; greatness and splendor of show or state.
MAG-NIF'I CENT, a. 1. Grand in appearance ; splendid ;
pompous. 2. Exhibiting grandeur.
BIAG-NIF'I-CENT-LY, adv. 1. With splendor of appear-
ance, or pomp of show. 2. With exalted sentiments.
MAG-NIF'I-€0, n. A grandee of Venice. Shak.
MAG'NI-Fi-ER, n. 1. One who magnifies ; one who extols
c.- exalts in praises. 2. A glass that magnifies ; a convex
lens whicji increases the apparent magnitude of bodies.
MAG'NI-Fy, V. t. [L. magnifico.] 1. To make great or great-
er ; to increase the apparent dimensions of a'body. 2. To
nwke great in representation ; to extol ; to exalt in de-
scription or praise. 3. To extol ; to exalt ; to elevate ; to
raise in estimation.
MAG'NI-Fy-ING, ppr. Enlarging apparent bulk or dimen-
sions ; extolling ; exalting.
MAG-NIL'0-aUENCE,7i. [L.magnus and loquens.] Alofty
manner of speaking ; tumid, pompous words or style.
MAG'NI-TUDE, n. [L. magnitudo.] 1. Extent of dimen-
sions or parts; bulk; size. 2. Greatness; grandeur. 3.
Greatness, in reference to influence or effect ; import-
ance.
MAG-No'LI-A, n. The laurel-leafed tulip-tree.
MAG'PiE, n. [W. piog ; L. pica, with mag.] A chattenng
bird of the genus corvus.
MAG'UEF, 11. A species of aloe in Mexico.
MAG'Y-DARE, n. [L. magudaris.] A plant. Ainsworth.
MA-HOG'A-NY, n. A tree growing in the tropical climate
of America, used for making beautiful and durable cabine
furniture.
MA-HOM'E-TAN, or MO-HAM'ME-DAN. This word and
the name of the Arabian prophet, so called, are written in
many different ways. The best authorized and most cor~
rect orthography seems to be Mohammed, Mohammedan.
See Mohammedan.
Ma'HOUND, n. Formerly, a contemptuous name for Alo-
hammed and the devil, &c. Skelton.
MaID, n. A species of skate-fish.
MaID, } n. [&ax. mcBgth j G. magd.] 1. An unmarried
MaID'EN, ^ woman, or a young unmarried woman ; a
virgin. 2. A female servant. 3. It is used in composi-
tion, to express the feminine gender, as in maid-servant.
'MaID'EN, n. A maid ; also, an instrument for beheading
criminals, and another for washing linen.
MaID'EN, a. 1. Pertaining to a young woman or virgin.
2. Consisting of young women or virgins. 3. Fresh ;
new ; unused.
MaID'EN, v. i. To speak and act demurely or modestly.
JMaID'EN-HAIR, n. A plant of the genus adiantum.
MaID'EN-HOOD, n. [Sax. mcegdenhad, madenhad.] 1. The
state of being a maid or virgm ; virginity. 2. Newness j
freshness ;_uncontaminated state.
MaID'EN-LiKE, a. Like a maid ; modest. Shak.
MaID'EN-LI-NESS, n. The behavior that becomes a maid j
modesty ; gentleness. Sherwood.
MaID'EN-LIF, n. A plant. Ainsworth.
SIaID'EN-LY, a. Like a maid ; gentle ; modest.
MaID'EN-LY, adv. In a maidenlike manner.
MaID'HOOD, n. Virginity. Shak.
■\ MaID-MAR'I-AN, 71. A dance ; so called from a buffoon
dressed like a man. Temple.
MaID'PALE, a. Pale, like a sick girl. Shak.
MaID'-SER-VANT, 71. A female servant. Sxcift.
Mail, 71. [Fr. maille.] 1. A coat of steel net-work, former-
ly worn for defending the body against swords, poniards,
&c. 2. Armor; that which defends the body.— 3. In
ships, a square machine composed of rings interwoven,
like net-work, used for rubbing off the loose hemp on lines
and white cordage. 4. [Sax. mal.^ A rent ; also, a spot ;
[obs.]
MaIL, 71. [Fr. malette, malle.] A bag for the conveyance
of letters and papers, particularly letters conveyed from
one post-office to another.
Mail, v. t. 1. To put on a coat of mail or annor ; to arm
defensively. Shak. 2. To inclose in a wrapper and direct
to a post-office.
MaIL'-CoACH, n. A coach that conveys the public mails.
Mailed, pp. l. covered with a mail or with armor; in-
closed and directed. 2. a. Spotted ; speckled.
MaIL'ING, ppr. Investing with a coat of mail ; inclosing
iji a v.'rapper and directing to a post-office.
MaIM, v. t. [Old Fr. mahcmer, or mahaigner.] 1. To deprive
of the use of a limb, so as to render a°person less able to
defend himself in fighting, or to annoy his adversary. 2.
To deprive of a necessary part ; lo cripple ; to disable.
MaIM, n. [written, in law-language, mayhem.] 1. The pri-
vation of the use of a limb or mem.ber of the body. 2.
The privation of any necessary part ; a crippling. 3. In-
jury ; mischief. 4. Essential defect ; as, " a noble author
esteems it to be a maim in history ;" [ohs.]
MaIMED, pp. Crippled ; disabled in limbs ; lame.
MaIM'ING, ppr. Disabling by depriving of the use of a
limb ; crippling ; rendering lame or defective.
MaIM'ED-NESS, 7i. A state of being maimed.
MaEN, a. [Sax. magn.] 1. Principal; chief; that which
has most power in producing an efi'ect. 2. Mighty ; vast.
3. Important ; powerful.
MAIN, n. 1. Strength ; force ; violent effort. 2. The gross ;
the bulk ; the greater part. 3. The ocean ; the great sea,
as distinguished from rivers, hays, sounds and the like.
4. The continent, as distinguished from an isle. 5. A
hamper. 6. A course; a duct.— For the main, in the main,
for the most part.
MAIN, 71. [L. manus ; Fr. main.] 1. A hand at dice : [obs.]
2. A match at cock-fighting.
MAIN'-LAND, n. The continent; the principal land, as
opposed to an isle.
Main LY, adv. 1 . Chiefly ; principally. 2. Greatly ; to a
great degree ; mightily. 'Bacon.
MaIN'-MAST, 71. The principal mast in a ship.
MaIN'-KEEL, 71. The principal keel, as distinguished from
the false keel.
MaIN'OR, 71. [Old Fr. manoevre, meinour.] The old law
phrase, to be taken as a thief tcith the mainor, signifies, to
be taken in the very act of killing venison or stealing
wood, or in preparing so to do ; or it denotes the being
taken with the thing stolen upon him.
*See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DoVEj— BJJLL, UNITE.--€asK ; 6a5 Jj S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t/m. i Obsolete.
MAK
512
MAL
MAIN-PERN' A-BLE, a. Tihat may be admitted to give
surety by mainpernors ; that may be mainprized.
3IAIN-PERN'OR, n. [Old Fr. main^ and prendre.] In law,
a suretyfor a prisoner's appearance in court at a day.
MaIN'PRiZE, 71. [Fr. jnain and pros.] 1. In law, a writ
directed to the sheriff, commanding him to talie sureties
for the prisoner's appearance, and to let him go at large.
2. Deliverance of a prisoner on security for his appearance
at a day^
MaIN'PRiZE, v. t. To suffer a prisoner to go at large, on
his finding sureties, mainpernors, for his appetirance at a
day.
MaIN'-SAIL, 71. The principal sail in a ship.
RlAlN'-SHEET, 71. TLd sheet that extends and fastens the
main-sail.
MaIN'SVVEaR, v. i. [Sax. manswerian.} To swear false-
ly; to perjure one's self. Blount.
MAIN-TaIN', v. t. [Fr. maintenir.] 1. To hold, preserve
c- keep in any particular state or condition ; to support ;
to sustain ; not to suffer to fail or decline. 2. To hold ; to
keep ; not to lose or surrender. 3. To continue ; not to
suffer to cease. 4. To keep up ; to uphold ; to support
the expense of. 5. To support with food, clothing and
other conveniences. 6. To support by intellectual pow-
ers, or by force of reason. 7 To support ; to defend ; to
vindicate ; to justify ; to prove to be just. 8. To support
by assertion or argument; to affirm.
MAIN-TaIN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be maintained, sup-
ported, preserved or sustained. 2. That may be defended
or kept by force or resistance. 3. That may be defended
by argument or just claim; vindicable ; defensible.
MAIN-TaIN'ED, (maue-tand') pp. Kept in any state ; pre-
served ; upheld ; supported ; defended ; vindicated.
MAIN-TaIN'ER, n. One who supports, preserves, sustains
or vindicates.
MAIN-TaIN'ING, ppr. Supporting ; preserving ; uphold-
ing; defending; vindicating.
MaINTE-NANCE, 71. 1. Sustenance , sustentation ; sup-
port by means of supplies of food, clothing and other con-
veniences. 2. Means of support; that which supplies
conveniences. 3. Support ; protection ; defense ; vindi-
cation. 4. Continuance ; security from failure or decline.
— 5. In law, an officious intermeddling in a suit in which
the person has no interest.
MaIN'-TOP, 71. The top of the main-mast of a ship or brig.
i\! \^ FN'- YARD, 71. The yard on which the main-saD is ex-
leaded, supported by the main-mast.
t MAIS'TER, for master. Spenser.
fMAlS'TRESS, for mistress. Chaucer.
MaIZE, ) 71. A plant of the genus lea, the native corn of
MaIZ, ) America, called Indian corn.
Ma'JA, 71. A bird of Cuba, of a beautiful yellow color.
f MAJ-ES-TAT'I€, ) a. Great in appearance ; having
MAJ-ES-TAT'I-€AL, ( dignity. Pococke.
MA-JES'TI€, a. 1, August ; having dignity of person or
appearance ; grand ; princely. 2. Splendid ; grand. 3.
Elevated ; lofty. 4. Stately ; becoming majesty.
T.TA-JES'TI-€AL, a. Majestic. [Little used.]
IuA-JES'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With dignity ; with grandeur ;
with a lofty air or appearance.
MA-JES'TI-€AL-NESS, ) 7i. State or manner of being ma-
t MA-JES'TI€-NEStt, \ jestic. Oldenburg.
MAJ'ES-TY, 71. [L. majestas.] 1. Greatness of appearance ;
dignity ; grandeur ; dignity of aspect or manner ; the qual-
ity or state of a person or thing which inspires awe or
reverence in the beholder. 2. Dignity; elevation of man-
ner. 3. A title of emperors, kings and queens.
Ma'JOR^ a. [L.I 1. Greater in number, quantity or extent.
2. Greater m dignity. — 3. In music, an epithet applied to
the modes in which the third is four semitones above the
tonic or key-note, and to intervals consisting of four semi-
tones.
Ma'JOR, 71. 1. In military affairs, an officer next in rank
above a captain, and below a lieutenant-colonel. 2. The
mayor of a town. See Mayor.
Ma'JOR, 71. In law, a person of full age to manage his own
concerns.
Ma'JOR, 71. In lo^ic, the first proposition of a regular syl-
logism, containmg the principal term.
tMA-JOR-A'TION, 71. Increase; enlargement. Bacon.
Ma'JOR-Do'MO, 71. [major and domus.] A man who holds
the place of master of the house ; a steward ; also, a chief
minister.
Ma'J0R-6EN'ER-AL, 71. A military officer who commands
a division or a number of regiments.
MA-JOR'I-TY, 71. [Fr. majorite.] 1. The greater number;
more than half. 2. Full age ; the age at which the laws
of a country permit a young person to manage his own
affairs. 3. The office, rank or commiss-ion of a major.
4. The state of being greater , U. u.J 5. [L. majores.]
Ancestors; ancestry; [obs.] 6. Chief rank; [obs.]
MAKE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. made. [Sax. macian ; G. ma-
chen ; D. maaken.] 1. To compel ; to constrain. 2. To
form of materials ; to fashion ; to mold into shape ; to
cause to exist in a different form, or as a distinct thing.
3. To create ; to cause to exist ; to form from nothing. 4
To compose ; to constitute as parts, materials or ingredi-
ents united in a whole. 5. To form by art. 6. To pro-
duce or effect, as the agent. 7. To produce, as the cause :
to procure ; to obtain. 8. To do ; to perform ; to execute.'
9. To cause to have any quality, as by change or altera-
tion. 10. To bring into any state or condition ; to consti-
tute. 11. To contract ; to establish. Rowe. 12. To keep.
13. To raise to good fortune ; to secure in riches or happi-
ness. 14. To suffer. 15. To incur; [improper.] 16. To
commit ; to do ; [I. u.] Dryden. 17. To intend or to do ;
to purpose to do ; [obs.] 18. To raise, as profit ; to gain ; to
collect . 19. To discover ; to arrive in sight of; a seaman's
phrase. 20. To reach; to arrive at; a seaman's phrase.
21. To gain by advance. 22. To provide. 23. To put or
place. 24. To turn ; to convert, as to use. 25. To repre-
sent. 26. To constitute ; to form. 27. To induce ; to cause.
28. To put into a suitable or regular form for use. 29. To
fabricate ; to forge. 30. To compose ; to form and write.
31. To cure ; to dry and prepare for preservation.
To make amends, to make good ; to give adequate compen-
sation ; to replace the value or amount of loss. — To make
account of, to esteem ; to regard. — To make away. 1, To
kill ; to destroy. 2. To alienate ; to transfer. Waller. —
To make free with, to treat with freedom ; to treat without
ceremony. — To make good. 1. To maintain; to defend.
2. To fulfill ; to accomplish. 3. To make compensation
for ; to supply an equivalent. — To make light of, to con-
sider as of no consequence ; to treat with indifference or
contempt. — To make love, or to make suit, to court; to
attempt to gain the favor or affection. — To make merry,
to feast ; to be joyful or jovial. — To make much of, to treat
with fondness or esteem ; to consider as of great value, or
as giving great pleasure. — To make of. 1. To understand.
2. To produce from; to effect. 3. To consider; to ac-
count ; to esteem. — To make over, to transfer the title of;
to convey ; to alienate. — To make out. 1. To learn ; to
discover; to obtain a clear understanding of. 2. To
prove ; to evince ; to establish by evidence or argument.
3. To furnish; to find or supply. — To make sure of. 1.
To consider as certain. 2. To secure to one's possession.
— To makeup. 1. To collect into a sum or mass. 2. To
reconcile ; to compose. 3. To repair. 4. To supply what
is wanting. 5. To compose, as ingredients or parts. 6.
To shape. 7. To assume a particular form of features.
8. To compensate ; to make good. 9. To settle ; to ad-
just, or to arrange for settlement. 10. To determine ; to
bring to a qefinite conclusion. — In seamen's language, to
make sail, to increase the quantity of sail already extend-
ed. — To make sternway, to move with the stern foremost.
To make water, to leak. — To make words, to multiply
words.
MAKE, V. i. 1. To tend ; to proceed ; to move. 2. To con-
tribute ; to have effect. 3. To rise ; to flow toward land.
— To make as if, to show; to appear; to carry appear-
ance. — To make aicay with, to kill ; to destroy. — To make
for. 1. To move towards ; to direct a course towards. 2.
To tend to advantage; to favor — To make against, to
tend to injury. — To make out, to succeed ; to have success
at last. — To make up, to approach. — To make up for, to
compensate; to supply by aii equivalent. — To make up
with, to settle differences ; to become friends. — To make
with, to concur.
MAKE, 71. Structure ; texture ; constitution of parts in a
body,
t MAKE, 71. [Sax. maca, gemaca.] A companion ; a mate,
Spenser.
MaKE'BATE, 71. [make, and Sax. bate.] One who excites
contention and quarrels. Sidney.
fMAKE'TiESS, a. Matchless; without a mate.
Ma'KER, 71. 1. The Creator. 2. One that makes, fonns
shapes or molds ; a manufacturer. 3. A poet.
MaKE'PeACE, 71. A peace-maker; one that reconciles
persons when at variance. Shak.
MaKE'WEIGHT, 71. That which is thrown into a scale to
make weight. Philips.
Ma'KI, 71. An animal of the genus lemur.
MaK'ING, ppr. Forming ; causing ; compelling ; creating ;
constituting.
MaK'ING, 7i. 1. The act of forming, causing or constitut-
ing. 2. Workmanship. 3 Composition ; structure. 4.
A poem.
MAL, or MALE, [Fr. 77iaZ, L. mains,] as a prefix, in cotti-
position, denotes ill or evil.
MAL'A-CHITE, 7i. [Gr. ^a\a^7j.] An oxyd of copper, com-
bined with carbonic acid.
MAL'A-CO-LITE, 71. [Gr. na\axv.] Another name for
diopside, a variety of pyroxene. Lunier.
MAL-A-€OP-TE-RYG'E-OUS, a. [Gr. ixaXaxog, and nrs-
pvyiov.] Having bony rays of fins, not sharp or pomted
at the extremity ; as a fish.
* See Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 5— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
MAL
513
MAL
Rf A.L-A-€OS'TO-MOUS,a. [Gt. fiaXaKos and aroiia.] Hav-
ing soft jaws without teeth ; as a fish.
* MAL-AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, 71. Bad management of
pubhc affairs 5 vicious or defective conduct in administra-
tion.
MAL'A-DY, n. [Fi. maladie ; It. malattia.] 1. Any sick-
ness or disease of the human body 3 a lingering or deep-
seated disorder or indisposition. 2. Defect or corruption
of the heart ; depravity ; moral disorder or corruption of
mora principles. 3. Disorder of the understanding or
mind.
MAL' A-GA, n. A species of wine imported from Malaga.
MA-LAN'DERS, n. [from mal, and It. andare.] A dry scab
on the pastern of a horse. Johnson.
RIAL'A-PERT, a. [mal and pert.] Saucy ; quick, with im-
pudence J sprightly, without respect or decency 5 bold ;
forward.
MAL'A-PERT-LY, adv. Saucily 5 with impudence.
MAL'A-PERT-NESS, n. Sauciness ; impudent pertness or
forwardness ; sprightliness of reply, without decency.
MAL-AP'RO-POS, (mal-ap'ro-po) adv. [Fr.] Unsuitably.
Ma'LAR, a. [L. mala.] Pertaining to the ciieek.
MAL' ATE, n. [L. jnalum.] A salt formed by the malic
acid, the acid of apples, combined with a base.
\ MAL' AX-ATE, v. t. [Gr. ^KiKaaao).] To soften ; to knead
to softness.
MAL-AX-a'TION, n. The act of moistening and softening;
or the forming of ingredients into a mass for pills or plas-
ters. [Little used.]
* MAL-€ON-FOR-Ma'TION, n. Ill form ; disproportion of
parts . Tully.
* MAL'€0N-TENT, n. [mal and content.] A discontented
subject of government ; one who murmurs at the laws
and administration.
* MAL'€ON-TENT, ) a. Discontented with the laws
* MAL-€ON-TENT'ED, \ or the administration of gov-
ernment ; uneasy ; dissatisfied with the government.
* MAL-€ON-TENT'ED-LY, ado. With discontent.
*MAL-CON-TENT'ED-NESS, n. Discontentedness with
tlie government ; dissatisfaction ; want of attachment to
the government, manifested by overt acts.
MALE, a. [Fr. male.] 1. Pertaining to the sex that procre-
ates young, and applied to animals of all kinds. 2. De-
noting the sex of a plant which produces the fecundating
dust, or a flower or plant that bears the stamens only,
v/ithout pistils. 3. Denoting the screw whose threads en-
ter tlie grooves or channels of the corresponding or female
screw.
MALE, n. 1. Among animals^ one of the sex whose office
is to beget young ; a he-animal.— 2. In botany, a plant or
flower which produces stamens only, without pistils. — 3.
In mechanics, the screw whose threads enter the grooves
or channels of the corresponding part or female screw.
MAL-E-DIC'EN-CY, n. [L. malediceiitia.] Evil speak-
ing ; reproachful language ; proneness to reproach. [Lit-
tle used.]
MAL'E-DI-CENT, a. Speaking reproachfully 3 slanderous.
[Little used.] Sandys.
t MAL-E-DI€T'ED, a. Accursed. Diet.
MAL-E-DI€'TION, n. [L. maledictic] Evil speaking 3
denunciation of evil ; a cursing 3 curse or execration.
MAL-E-F ACTION, n. [L. male and facio.] A criminal
deed ; a crime 3 an offense against the laws. [L. m.]
MAL-E-FA€'TOR, n. One who commits a crime 3 a crimi-
nal. Dry den.
t MA-LEP'I€, I a. [L. maleficus.] Mischievous ; hurt-
+ MA-LEF'iaUE, i ful.
f MAL'E-FiCE, n. [Fr.] An evil deed 3 artifice 3 enchant-
ment. Chaucer.
t MAL-E-Fi"CtATE, v. t. To bewitch. Burton.
t MAL-E-Fl-CI-A'TION, n. A bewitching.
MAL-E-FI"CIENCE, n. [L. maleficientia.] The doing of
evil, harm or mischief.
MAL-E-Fl"CIENT, a. Doing evil, harm or mischief.
t MA-LEN'GINE, n. [Fr. malencrin.] Guile ; deceit.
I MAL'ET, n. [Fr. malette.] A little bag or budget ; a port-
manteau. Shelton.
MA-LEV'0-LENCE, n. [L. malevolentia.] Ill-will 3 per-
sonal hatred 5 evil disposition towards another ; enmity
of heart 5 inclination to injure otliers. It expresses less
than malignity. Shale.
MA-LEV'0-LENT, a. 1. Having an evil disposition to-
wards another or others ; wisliing evil to others ; ill-dis-
posed, or disposed to injure others. 2. Unfavorable 3 un-
propitious ; bringing calamity.
MA-LEV'0-LENT-LY, ffldv. With ill-will or enmity ; with
the wish or design to injure.
t MA-LEV'0-LOUS, a. Malevolent. Warburton.
MAL-FeA'SANCE, n. [Fr.] Evil doing 3 wrong ; illegal
deed.
MAL-FORM-A'TION, 71. [mal and formaUon.] Ill or wrong
formation ; irregular or anomalous formation or structure
of parts. Darwin.
Ma'LI€, a. [ L. malum.] Pertainmg to apples 3 drawn from
the juice of apples. Chemistry.
MAL'iCE, n. [Fr., It. malizia ; Sp. malicia; L. malitia.]
Extreme enmity of heart, or malevolence ; a disposition
to injure others without cause 5 unprovoked malignity or
spite.
t MAL'ICE, V. t. To regard with extreme ill-will.
MA-Ll"CIOUS, a. I. Harboring ill-will or enmity without
provocation 3 malevolent in the extreme ; malignant in
heart. 2. Proceeding from extreme hatred or ill-will ;
dictated by malice.
MA-Ll"CIOUS-LY, adv. With malice ; with extreme en-
mity or ill-will 3 with deliberate intention to injure.
MA-Ll"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being malicious ;
extreme enmity or disposition to injure 3 malignity. Her-
bert. _
MA-LiGN', (ma-line') a. [Fr. maligne ; L. malignus.] I.
Having a very evil disposition towards others ; harboring
violent hatred or enmity 3 malicious. 2. Unfavorable"
permcious 3 tending to injure. 3. Malignant ; pernicious
MA-LiGN', (ma-llne') V. t. I. To regard with envy or mal
ice ; to treat with extreme enmity 3 to injure maliciously
2. 'l]o traduce 3 to defame.
MA-LIGN', (ma-line') v. i. To entertain malice. Milton.
MA-LIG'NAN-CY, n. 1. Extreme malevolence 3 bitter en-
mity 5 malice. 2. Unfa vorablen ess 3 unpropitiousness.
3. Virulence 5 tendency to mortification or to a fatal
issue.
MA-LIG'NANT, a. [L. malignus.] 1. Malicious 3 having
extreme malevolence or enmity. 2. Unpropitious ; exert-
ing pernicious influence. 3. Virulent. 4. Dangerous to
life. 5. Extremely heinous.
f MA-LIG'NANT, n. A man of extreme enmity or evil in-
tentions. Hooker.
MA-LIG'NANT-LY, adv. 1. Maliciously 3 with extreme
malevolence. 2. With pernicious influence.
MA-LlGN'ER, (ma-line'er) n. One who regards or treats
another with enmity 5 a traducer 3 a defamer.
MA-LIG'NI-TY, n. [L. malignitas.] 1. Extreme enmity,
or evil dispositions of heart towards another ; malice
without provocation, or malevolence with baseness of
heart 3 deep-rooted spite. 2. Virulence 3 destructive ten-
dency. 3. Extreme evilness of nature. 4. Extreme sin-
fulness 3 enormity or heinousness.
MA-LIGN'LY, (ma-llne'ly) adv. 1. With extreme ill-will.
2. Unpropitiously 3 perniciously.
t MAL'I-SON, n. Malediction. Chaucer.
MAL'KIN, (maw'kin), n. A mop 3 also, a low maid-ser-
vant.
* MALL, (mawl) n. [Fr. mail ; Sp. mallo.] I. A large,
heavy, wooden beetle 3 an instrument for driving any
thing with force. 2. A blow 3 [06s.]
MALL, (mal) n. [Arm. mailh.] A public walk 5 a level,
shaded walk.
* MALL, V. t. To beat with a mall ; to beat with something
heavy ; to bruise.
MAL'LARD,,??. A species of duck of the genus anas.
MAL-LE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. That quality of bodies which
renders them susceptible of extension by beating.
MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be drawn out and
extended by beating 3 capable of extension by the ham-
mer.
MAL'LE-A-BLE-NESS, n. Malleability.
MAL'LE-ATE, v. t. To hammer 3 to draw into a late or
leaf by beating.
MAL-LE-a'TION, n. The act of beating into a plate or
leaf, as a metal 3 extension by beating.
MAL'LET, n. [Fr. maillet.] A wooden hammer or instru-
ment for beating, or for driving pins.
MAL'LoW, ) n. [Sax. malu, mealwe, malwe.] A plant of,
M AL'LoWS, \ the genus malva ; so called from its emol-
lient qualities. — Marsli-mallows, a plant of the genus al-
thma.
MALM'SEY, (mam'ze) n. [Fr. malvoisie ; It. malvosio ;
from Maloasia, in Greece.] The name of a species of
grape, and also of a kind of wine.
* MAL-PRA€mCE, n. Evil practice ; fllegal or immoral
conduct 3 practice contrary to established rules.
MALT, n. [Sax. mcalt ; Sw., Dan. malt.] Barley steeped
in water, fermented and dried in a kiln, and thus prepar-
ed for brewing into ale or beer.
MALT, V. t. To make into malt ; as, to malt barley.
MALT, V. i. To become malt.
MALT'-DRINK, or MALT'-LiaU-OR, n. A liquor pre-
pared for drink by an infusion of malt 3 as beer, ale, pol-
ler, &c.
MALT'-DUST, n. The grains or remains of malt.
MALT'FLoOR, n. A floor for drying malt. Mortimer.
MALT'HORSE, n. A horse employed in grinding malt '
hence, a dull fellow. Shak.
MA'LT'MAN, ) n. A man whose occupation is to maJ^e
MALT'STER, ] malt. Swift.
MAIiT'W6RM, n. [malt and worm.] A tippler, Shak,
t MAL'TA-LENT, n. [Old Fr.] lU-humor. Chaucer.
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE •,— BULL, UNITE. -€ as K ; C as J • S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as io tAu
33
MAN
514
MAL'THA, n. A variety of bitumen.
MAL-TReAT', v. t. To treat ill ; to abuse ; to treat rough-
ly, rudely, or with unkindness.
iMAL-TEEAT'ED, -pp. HI treated ; abused.
MAL-TReAT'ING, ppr. Abusing ; treating unkmdly.
MAL-TReAT'MBNT, 71. lU treatment 5 ill usage ; abuse.
MAL-Va'CEOUS, a. [L. vialvaceus.] Pertaining to mal-
lows.
RIAL-VEE-Sa'TION, 72. [L, male and versor.] EvU con-
duct; improper or wicked behavior; mean artifices, or
fraudulent tricks. Burke.
MAM, or MAM-MA', n. [L. mamma; W. mam; Arm.
y mamm ; Gr. iiajxixT}.] A familiar word for mother, used
by young children.
MAM'A-LUKE, ) n. The Mamalukes lately formed themil-
MAM'E-LUKE, \ itary force of Egypt.
MAM'MAL, 11. [L. mamvia.] In zoology, an animal that
sucklesjts young, [See Mammifer.] Oood.
M AM-Ma'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to the mammals.
MAM-MAL'0-GIST, n. One who treats of mammiferous
animals.
MAM-MAL'0-6Y, n. [L. mamma, and Gr. '\oyog.] The sci-
ence or doctrine of mammiferous animals.
MAM'MA-EY, a. Pertaining to the breasts or paps.
MAM-MEE', n. A tree of the genus mammea.
MAM'MER, v. i. To stand in suspense ; to hesitate. JDrant.
MAM'MER-ING, n. Confusion ; amazement ; hesitation.
MAM'MET, 71. A puppet ; a figure dressed.
MAM'MI-FER, n. [L. mamma and fero.] An animal which
has breasts for nourishing its young.
MAM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Having breasts and nourishing the
young by the milk secreted by them.
MAM'MI-i'ORM, a. [L. mamma and form.] Having the
shape or form of paps.
* MAM'MIL-LA-RY, a [L mamilla.] 1. Pertaining to the
paps ; resembling a pap. — 9. In mineralogy, applied to
minerals composed of convex concretions.
MAM'MIL-LA-TED, a. Having small nipples, or little
globes like nipples. Say.
t MAM'MOe, n. A shapeless piece. Herbert.
i MAM'MOe, V. t. To tear in pieces. Milton.
MAM'MO-DIS, 71. Coarse, plain India muslins.
MAM'MON, 71. [Syr.] Riches ; wealth ; the god of
riches.
MAM'MON-IST, n. A person devoted to the acquisition of
wealth ; a worldling. Hammond.
MAM'MOTH, n. [Russ. mamant.] This name has been
given to a huge quadmped, now extinct, whose bones are
found on both continents.
MAN, n. ; plu. Men. [Sax. man,mann and mon; Goth.
manna ; Sans, man ; D, man ; G. man ; Dan. man, men-
neske ; Sw. man, meniskia; Ice. mann.'] 1. Mankind;
the human race ; the whole species of human beings. 2.
A male individual of the human race, of adult growth or
years. 3. A male of the human race; used often in com-
pound words, or in the nature of an adjective. 4. A ser-
vant, or an attendant of the male sex. 5. A word of fa-
miliar address. 6. It sometimes bears the sense of a male
adult of some uncommon qualifications ; particularly, the
sense of strength, vigor, bravery, or magnanimity. 7. An
individual of the human species. — 8. Man is sometimes
opposed to boy or child, and sometimes to beast. 9. One
who is master of his mental powers, or who conducts
himself with his usual judgment. 10. It is sometimes
used indefinitely, without reference to a particular indi-
vidual. — 11. In popiilar usage, a, hushani. 12. A mova-
ble piece at chess or draughts. — 13. In feudal law, a vas-
sal, a liege, subject or tenant.— Jltoi of war, a ship of
war ; an armed ship.
MAN'- MID- WIFE, n. A man who practices obstetrics.
MAN, V. t. 1. To furnish with men. 2. To guard with
men. 3. To strengthen ; to fortify. 4. To tame a hawk ;
[I. u.] 5. To furnish with attendants or servants ; [Z. u.]
6. To point ; to aim ; [obs.]
MAN'A-€LE, n. [Fr. manicles.] An instrament of iron for
fastening the hands ; hand-cufis; shackles.
MAN'A-€LE, v. t. 1. To put on hand-cuffs or other fasten-
ing for confining the hands. 2. To shackle ; to confine ;
to restrain the use of the limbs or natural powers.
M AW A-€1.EB, pp. Hand-cuffed; shackled.
MAN'A-CLING, ppr. Confining the hands ; shackling.
MAN'AGE, 7;. L [Fi. menager.] 1. To conduct; to carry
on ; to dkect the concerns of. 2. To train or govern, as
a horse. 3. To govern ; to control ; to make tame or
tractable. 4. To wield ; to move or iise in the manner
desired ; to have under command. 5. To make subservi-
ent. 6. To husband ; to treat with caution or sparingly.
7. To treat v/ith caution or judgment ; to govern with ad-
dress.
MAN'A6E, V. i. To direct or conduct affairs ; to carry on
concerns or business.
MAN' AGE, 71. 1 Conduct ; administration ; [obs.] 2. (pro-
nounced ma-nazhe') Government; control, asof a horse. 3.
MAN
Discipline ; direction . 4. Use ; application or treatment.
[Little used.]
MAN'AGE-A-BLE, a. 1. Easy to be used or directed to
its proper purpose ; not difficult to be moved or wield-
ed. 2. Governable ; tractable ; that may be controlled.
3. That may be made subservient to one's views or de-
signs.
MAN'AGE-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being easily
used, or directed to its proper purpose. 2. Tractableness ;
the quality of being susceptible of government and con-
trol ; easiness to be governed.
MAN'AGED, pp. Conducted ; carried on ; trained by dis-
cipline ; governed ; controlled ; wielded.
MAN'AGE-MENT, n. 1. Conduct; administration; man-
ner of treating, directing or carrying on. 2. Cunning
practice ; conduct directed by art, design or prudence ;
contrivance. 3. Practice ; transaction ; dealing. 4. Mod-
ulation ; variation.
MAN'x\-6ER, n. 1. One who has the conduct or direction
of any thing. 2. A person who conducts business with
economy and frugality ; a good husband.
MAN'A-GER-Y, n. 1. Conduct ; , direction ; administra-
tion. 2. Husbandry ; economy ; frugality. 3. Manner
of using; [little used.]
MAN'A-GING, ppr. Conducting; regulating; directing;
governing ; wielding.
MAN'A-KIN, n. The nam.e of a beautiful race of birds
found in warm climates. Diet. JVat. Hist.
MA-Na'TI, or MA-Na'TUS, n. The sea-cow, or fish-tailed
walrus, an animal of the genus trichecus.
MA-Na'TION, 71. [Tu. manatio.] Theact of issuing or flow-
ing out. [Little used.]
MANCHE, n. [Fr.] A sleeve.
t MAN'CHET, n. A small loaf of fine bread. Bacon.
MANCH-I-NEEL', 71. [L. mancanilla.] A tree.
MAN'CI-PATE, V. t. [L. mancipo.] To enslave ; to bind ;
to restrict^ [Littleused.] Hale.
MAN-CI-Pa'TION, 71. Slavery ; involuntary servitude.
[Little used.]
MAN'CI-PLE, n. [L. manceps.] A steward ; an undertak-
er; a purveyor, particularly of a college. Johnson.
MAN-Da'MUS, n. [L. mando, mandamus.] In law, a com-
mand or writ, issuing from the king's bench in England,
and, in America, from some of the higher courts, directed
to any person, corporation, or inferior court, requiring
them to do some act therein specified, which appertains
to their office and duty.
MAN-DA-RiN', n. In 'China, a magistrate or governor of a
province ; also, the court language of China.
MAN'DA-TA-RY, or MAN'DA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. manda-
taire.] 1. A person to whom the pope has, by his preroga-
tive, given a mandate or order for his benefice. 2. One to
whom a command or charge is given. — 3. In law, one
who undertakes, without a recompense, to do some act
for another, in respect to the thing bailed to him. Kent.
MAN'DATE, n. [L. mando.] 1. A command ; an order,
precept or injunction ; a commission. — 2. In canoii law, a
rescript of the pope.
MAN-Da'TOR, n. [L.] A director. Ayliffe.
MAN'DA-TO-RY, a. Containing a command ; preceptive ;
directory.
MAN'DI-BLE, n. [L. mando.] The jaw, the instrument of
chewing ; applied particularly to fowls.
MAN-DIB'U-LAR, a. Belonging to the jaw. Oayton.
t MAN'DIL, n. [Fr. mandille.] A sort of mantle.
MAN-DIL'ION, n. A soldier's coat ; a loose garment.
MAN'DLE-STONE, n. [G. mandelstein.] Kernel-stone ;
almond-stone ; called, also, amygdaloid.
t MAND'MENT, for commandment.
I MAN'DO-LIN, 71. [It. mandola.] A cithern or harp.
MAN'DRAKE, 71. [L. mandragoras.] A plant.
MAN'DREL, 71. An instrument for confining in the lathe
the substance to be turned. Mozon.
MAN'DRILL, 71. A species of monkey. Diet. JVat. Hist.
MAN'DU-€A-BLE, a. That can be chewed; fit to be
eaten.
MAN'DU-€ATE, 7). t. [L. mando.] To chew.
MAN'DU-€A-TED, pp. Chewed.
MAN'DU-CA-TING, ppr. Chewing; grinding with the
teeth.
MAN-DU-€a'TION, n. The act of chewing or eating.
MANE, 71. [D. maan ; G. m'dline.] The hair growing on
the upper side of the neck of a horse or other animal, usu-
ally hanging down on one side.
BIAN'eAT-ER, 7!. A human being that feeds on , human
flesh ; a cannibal ; an anthropophagite.
MaNED, a. Having a mane.
MANEGE, (ma-nazhe') n. [Fr.] A school for teaching
horsenianship, and for training horses.
MA-Ne'RI-AL. See Manorial.
Ma'NeS. 71. plu. [L.] 1. The ghost, shade or soul of a
deceased person ; and, among the ancient pagans, the in-
fernal deities. 2. The remains of the dead.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.~FAR, FALL, WHAT3— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- f Obsulcic
MAN
515
MAN
MAN'FUL, a. 1. Having the spirit of a man ; bold ; brave ;
courageous. 2. Noble ; honorable.
MiiNFUL-Ly, adv. Boldly; courageously; honorably.
MAN'FUL-NESS, n. Boldness ; eourageousness.
MANG, n. A mash of bran and salt ; barley or oats ground
with the husks. Brockett.
MAN'GA-BY, n. A monkey with naked eyelids.
MAN'GA-NESE, n. A metal of a dusky white.
MAN-GA-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to manganese ; consist-
ing of it, or partaking of its qualities. Seijbert.
MAN-GA-Ne'SIATE, n. A compound of manganesic acid,
with a base.
MAN-GA-NE'Sie, a Obtamed from manganese. Henry.
[Manganicjs ill formed.]
MAN-GA-Ne'SIOUS, a. Manganesious acid is an acid with
a minimum of oxygen. Henry.
MANG'€ORN, n. [Sax. mengan and corn.] A mixture of
wheat and rye, or other species of grain.
MaNGE, n. [Fr. mangeaison.] The scab or itch in cattle,
dogs and other beasts.
MAN'GEL-WUR-ZEL, n. [G. mangel and wurzel.] The
root of scarcity, a plant of the beet kind.
MaN'GER, n. [Fr. mangeoire.] 1. A trough or box in
which fodder is laid for cattle, or the place in which
horses and cattle are fed. — 2. In ships of loar, a space
across the deck within the hawse-holes.
MaN'GER-BoARD, n. The bulk-head on a ship's deck
that separates the manger from the other part of the
deck.
MaN'GI-NESS, n. Scabbiness ; infection of the mange.
MAN'GLE, V. t. [D. mangelen.] 1. To cut with a dull in-
strument, and tear, or to tear in cutting ; to cut in a bun-
gling manner. 2. To curtail ; to take by piece-meal.
MAN'GLE, n. [Dan. mangle.] 1. A rolling press or calen-
der for smoothing cloth. 2. A name of the mangrove,
which see.
MAN'GLE, V. t. To smooth cloth with a mangle ; to cal-
ender.
MAN'GLED, pp. Tom in cutting ; smoothed with a man-
gle.
MAN'GLEE., n. One who tears in cutting ; one who uses a
mangle.
MAN'GLING, ppr. 1. Lacerating in the act of cutting ; tear-
ing. 2. Smoothing with a mangle.
MAN'GO, «. 1. The fruit of the mango tree, a native of the
East Indies. 2. A green musknielon pickled.
MAN'GO-NEL, n. [Fr. mango nam.] An engine formerly
used for throwing stones and battering walls.
t MAN'GO-NISM, n. The art of setting off to advantage.
t MAN'GO-NiZE, v. t. To polish for setting off to advan-
tage.
MAN'GO-STAN, ) n. A tree of the East Indies, of the
MAN-GO-STEEN', \ genus garcinia.
MAN'GROVE, n. 1. A tree of the East and West Indies.
2. Thenameof a fish. Pennant.
MaN'GY, a. Scabby ; infected with the mange.
MAN'Ha-TER, n. One who hates mankind ; a misan-
thrope.
MAN'HOOD, n. 1. The state of one who is a man, of an
adult male, or one who is advanced beyond puberty, boy-
hood or childhood ; virility. 2. Virility. 3. Human
nature. 4. The qualities of a man ; courage ; bravery ;
[little used.]
MA'NI-A, n. [L. and Gr.] Madness.
t MAN'I-A-BLE, a. Manageable ; tractable. Bacon.
Ma'NI-A€, a. [L. maniacus.] Mad ; raving with madness ;
raging with disordered intellect. Oreio.
Ma'NI-A€, 71. A madman ; one raving with madness. Shen-
stone.
MA-Nl'A-€AL, a. Affected with madness.
MAN-I-€He'AN, a. Pertaining to the Manichees.
MAN-I-€He'AN, I n. One of a sect in Persia, who main-
MAN-I-€HEE', \ tained that there are two ' supreme
principles, the one good, the other evil.
MAN'I-€HE-ISM, 71. The doctrines taught, or system of
principles maintained by the Manichees.
MANI-CHORD, ) n. [Fr. manichordion.] A musical in-
M:AN-I-€0RD'0N, ] strument in the form of a spinet.
MAN'I-€ON, n. A species of nightshade.
MAN'I-FEST, a. [L. manifcstus.] 1. Plain ; open ; clear-
ly visible to the eye or obvious to the understanding ; ap-
parent ; not obscure or difficult to be seen or understood.
2. Detected ; with of.
MAN'I-FEST, n. An invoice of a cargo of goods, imported
or laden for export, to be exhibited at the custom-house.
(• MAN'I-FEST, or MAN-I-FEST'O, n. [It. manifesto ; L.
mmifestus.] A public declaration, usually of a prince or
sovereign, showing his intentions, or proclaiming his
opinions and motives.
MAN'I-FEST, w. t. [L. manifesto.] 1. To reveal; to make
to appear ; to show plainly ; to mike public ; to disclose
to the eye or to the understanding 2. To display ; to ex-
hibit more clearly to the view.
MAN-I-FES-Ta'TION, n. The ac* of disclosing what is se-
cret, unseen 6r obscure ; discovery to the eye or to the un
derstanding ; the exhibition of any thing by clear evi-
dence ; display.
MAN'I-FEST-ED, pp. Made clear ; disclosed ; made appa-
rent, obvious or evident.
MAN-I-FEST'I-BLE, a. That may be made evident.
MAN'I-FEST-ING, ppr. Showing clearly ; making evi-
dent ; disclosing ; displaying. Bacon.
MAN'I-FEST-LY, adv. Clearly; evidently; plainly; in a
manner to be clearly seen or understood.
MAN'I-FEST-NESS, n. Clearness to the sight or mind ; ob-
viousness.
MAN-I-FEST'O. See Manifest.
MAN'I-FoLD, a. 1. Of divers kinds ; many in number ;
numerous ; multiphed. 2. Exhibited or appearing at di.
vers times or in various ways.
t MAN'I-FoLD-ED, a. Having many doublings.
MAN'I-FoLD-LY, adv. In a manifold manner.
MAN'I-FoLD-NESS, n. Multiplicity. Sherwood
MA-NIG'LI-ONS, n. In gunnery, two handles on the back
of a piece of ordnance. Bailey.
MAN'I-KIN, n. A little man. Shak.
MAN'IL, ) n. [Sp. manilla.] A ring or bracelet worn by
MA-NIL'LA, \ persons in Africa.
Ma'NI-0€, Ma'NI-H0€, or Ma'NI-HOT, n. A plant of the
geivisjatropha, or cassada plant.
MAN'I-PLE, n. [L. manipulus.] 1. A handful. 2. A small
band of soldiers. 3. A fanon, or kind of ornament worn
about the arm of a mass priest ; a garment.
MA-NIP'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to the maniple.
MA-NIP-U-La'TION, n. [Fr.] In general, work by hand ;
manual operation ; as, in mining, the manner of digging
ore ; in chemistry, the operation of preparing substances
for experiments ; in pharmacy, the preparation of dru^s.
MAN'KILL-ER, 91. One v/ho slays a man.
MAN'KILL-ING, a. Used to kill men. Dryden.
*MAN-KiND', K. [nian a.nA kind.] 1. The race or species
of human beings. 2. A male, or the males of the human
race.
MAN-KiND', a. Resembling man in form, not woman.
MAN'LESS, a. Destitute of men ; not manned. {L. used.]
MAN'LiKE, a. 1. Having the proper qualities of a man. 2.
Of man's nature. Milton.
MAN'LI-NESS, 71. The qualities of a man ; dignity ; bra-
very; boldness. Locke.
MAN'LING, n. A little man. B. Jonson.
MAN'LY, a. 1. Manlike ; becoming a man ; firm ; brave ;
undaunted. 2. Dignified ; noble ; stately. 3. Pertaining
to the adult age of man. 4. Not boyish or womanish.
Shak.
MAN'LY, a<Zu. With courage like a man.
MAN'NA, n. [Ar. mauna.] 1. A substance miraculously
furnished as food for the Israelites in their journey
through the wilderness of Arabia. Ex. xvi. — 2. In ma-
teria medica, the juice of a certain tree of the ash-kind.
MAN'NER, n. [Fr. maniere ; It. maniera.] 1. Form ; meth-
od ; way of performing or executing. 2. Custom ; habit-
ual practice. 3. Sort ; kind. 4. Certain degree or mea-
sure. 5. Mien; cast of look; mode. 6. Peculiar way or
can-iage ; distinct mode. 7. Way ; mode ; of things. 8.
Way of service or worship. — 9. In painting, the particular
habit of a painter in managing colors, lights and shades.
MAN'NER, V. t. To instruct in manners. Shak.
MAN'NER-ISM, n. Adherence to the same manner ; uni-
formity of manner. Edin. Rev.
MAN'NER-IST, n. An artist who performs his work in one
unvaried manner. Churchill.
MAN'NER-LI-NESS, n. The quality of being civil and re
spectful in behavior ; civility ; complaisance.
MAN'NER-LY, a. Decent in external deportment; civil,
respectful ; complaisant ; not rude or vulgar.
MAN'NER-LY, adv. With civility ; respectfully ; without
rudeness. Shak.
MAN'NERS, n. pin. 1. Deportment ; carriage; behavior;
conduct ; course of life ; in a moral sense. 2. Ceremoni-
ous behavior ; civility ; decent and respectful deportment.
3. A bow or courtesy.
MAN'NISH, a. Having the appearance of a man ; bold ,
masculijie. Shak.
MA-NO^u'VRE, ) n. [Fr. manoeuvre.] 1. Management ,
MA-NEu'VER, \ dextrous movement, particularly in,
an army or navy. 2. Management with address or artful
design.
MA-NCEtJ'VRE, v.i. 1. To move or change positions among
troops or ships, for the purpose of advantageous attack or
defense ; or, in military exercise, for the purpose of disci-
pline. 2. To manage with address or art.
MA-NCEU'VRE, v. t. To change the positions of troops or
ships.
MA-NCEtr'VRED, pp. Moved in position.
MA-NCECf'VRING, ppr. Changing the position or order for
advantageous attack or defense.
MA-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. navos and,;i£rpoy.] An instru-
* See Synopsis. MOVl^:, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tliis. f Obsolete.
MAN
516
MAR
raent to measure or show the alterations in the rarity or
density of the air.
MAN-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to the manometer.
MAN'OR, 71. [Fr. manoir ; Arm. maiier.] The land belong-
ing to a lord or nobleman, or so much land as a lord or
great personage formerly kept in his own hands for the
use and subsistence of his family.
MAN'OR-HOUSE, or MAN'OR-SeAT, n. The house be-
longing to a manor.
MA-NcyRI-AL, or BIA-Ne'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a
manor._
MAN'PLeAS-ER, 71. One who pleases men, or one who
takes uncommon pains to gain the favor of men.
t MAN'aUELL-ER, n. A mankiUer ; a murderer.
MANSE, (mans) n. [L. mansio.] 1. A house or habitation ;
particularly, a pajsonage house. 2. A farm.
MAN'SER-VANT, 71. A male servant.
MAN'SION, n. [L. maTisio.] 1. Any place of residence ; a
house ; a habitation. 2. The house of the lord of a manor.
3. Residence ; abode.
MAN'SION, V. i. To dwell ; to reside. Mede.
MAN'SION-A-RY, a. Resident ; residentiary.
MAN'SION-HOUSE, n. The house in which one resides ;
an inhabited house. Blackstone.
t MAN'SION-RY, n. A place of residence. Shak.
MAN'SLAUGH-TER, n. 1. In a general sense, the killing
of a man or of men ; destruction of the human species ;
murder. — 2. In law, the unlawful killing of a man with-
out malice, express or implied. Manslaughter differs
fiom murder in not proceeding from malice prepense or
deliberate, which is essential to constitute mm-der. It
differs from homicide excusable, being done in conse-
quence of some unlawful act, whereas excusable homi-
cide happens in consequence of misadventure.
MAN'SLaY-ER, 71. One that has slain a human being.
MAN'STeAL-ER, n. One who steals and sells men.
MAN'STeAL-ING, 71. The act of stealing a human being.
MAN'SUETE, (man'sweet) a. [1.. mansuettis.] Tame ;
gentle ; not wild or ferocious ; [little used.] Ray.
MAN'SUE-TUDE, 71, [L. mansuctudo.] Tameness ; mild-
ness ; gentleness. Herbert.
MAN'TA, 71. [Sp. manta.] A flat fish-
MAN'TEL. See Mantle.
MAN'TE-LET, or MANT'LET, n. [dim. of mantle.] 1. A
small cloak worn by women. — 2. In fortification, a kind
of movable parapet or penthouse.
MANT'I-GER, rather MANT'I-€HOR, or MANT'I-€OR, n.
[L. manticora, mantichora.] A large monkey or baboon.
MAN'TLE, n. [Sax. mantel, mentel.] 1. A kind of cloak
or loose garment to be worn over other garments, 2. A
cover. 3. A cover ; that which conceals.
MAN'TLE, V. t. To cloak ; to cover ; to disguise.
MAN'TLE, V. i. 1. To expand ; to spread. 2. To joy ; to
revel. 3. To be expanded ; to be spread or extended. 4.
To gather over and form a cover ; to collect on the sur-
face, as a covering. 5. To rush to the face and cover it
with a crimson color.
MAN'TLE, or MAN'TLE-TREE, n. The piece of timber
or stone in front of a chimney, over the fire-place, resting
on the jambs^
MANTLE-PIeCE, I n. The work over . a fire-place, in
MAN'TLE-SHELF, \ front of the chimney.
MANT'LING, n. In heraldry, the representation of a man-
tle, or the drapery of a coat of arms.
MAN'TO, 71. [It.] A robe ; a cloak. Pdcaut.
MAN-TOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. ixavreia and 'Xoyoi.] The act or
art of divination or prophesying. [Little used.]
*MAN'TU-A,7t. [Yr.'manteau.] A lady's gown.
MAN'TU-A-Ma-KER, n. One who niakes gowns for la-
dies.
MANIJ-AL, a. [L. manualis.] 1. Performed by the hand.
2. Used or made by the hand.
MAN'U-AL, 71. 1. A small book, such as may be carried in
the hand, or conveniently handled. 2. The service-book
of the Romish church.
t MAN^U-A-RY, a. Done by the hand. Fotherby.
MA-NU'BI-AL, a. [Li.manubialis.] Belonging to spoils ;
taken in war ; [little used.]
MA-Nu'BRI-UM, 71. [L.l A handle. Boyle.
MAN-U-DU€'TI0N, n. [L. maniis and ductio.] Guidance
by the hand. South.
MAN-U-DU€'TOR, n. [L. manus and ductor.] An oiiicer
in the ancient church, who gave the signal for the choir
to sing.
t MAN'tJ-FA€T, n. Any thing made by art. Maydman.
MAN-U-FA€'TO-RY, n. A house or place where goods are
manufactured.
MAN-U-FA€'TO-RY, a. Employed in any manufacture.
MAN-U-FA€T'U-RAL, a. Pertaining or relating to manu-
factures.
MAN-U-FA€T'URE, n. [Fr.] 1. The operation of reduc-
ing raw materials of any kind into a form suitable for use.
2. Any thing made from raw materials by the hand, by
machiaery, or by art.
MAN-U-FA€T'URE, v. t. 1. To make or fabricate from
raw materials, by the hand, by art or machinery, and
work into forms convenient for use. 2. To work raw
materials into suitable forms for use.
MAN-U-FA€T'URE, v. i. To be occupied in manufactures,
MAN-U-FA€T'URED, pp. JMade from raw materials into
forms for use.
MAN-U-FA€T'UR-ER, n. 1. One who works raw materi-
als into wares suitable for use. 2. One who employs
workmen for manufacturuig ; the owner of a manufac-
tory.
MAN-U-FA€T'UR-ING, ppr. Making goods and wares
from raw materials.
t MAN'U-MlSE, for manumit.
MAN-U-MIS'SION, n. [L. manumissio.] The act of liberat-
ing a slave from bondage, and giving him freedom.
MAN'U-MIT, V. t. [L. manumitto.] To release from sla-
very ; to liberete from personal bondage or servitude ; to
MANTJ-MIT-TED, pp. Released from slavery.
MAN'U-MIT-TING, ppr. Liberating from personal bond-
age. _
MA-NuR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be cultivated. 2. That
may be manured, or enriched by manure.
t MA-NUR'AGE, n. Cultivation. Warner.
f MA-NuR'ANCE, n. Cultivation. Spenser.
MA-NuRE', V. t. [Fr. maiiceuvrer.] 1. To cultivate by man •
ual labor; to till ; [obs.] 2. To apply to land any fertihz-
iug matter. 3. To fertilize ; to enrich with nutritive sub-
stanc_es.
MA-NuRE', 71. Any matter which fertilizes land.
MA-NuR'ED, (ma-nurd) pp. Bressed or overspread with a
fertilizing substance.
MA-NuRE'MENT, n. Cultivation ; improvement. [L. u.]
MA-NuR'ER, n. One that manures lands.
MA-NuR'ING, ppr. Dressing or overspreading land with
manure ; fertilizmg.
MA-NuR'ING, n. A dressing or spread of manure on land.
MAN'U-SCRIPT, 71. [L. manu scriptum.] A book or paper
written with the hand or pen.
MAN'U-SCRIPT, a. Written with the hand ; not printed.
t MAN-U-TEN'EN-CY, n. Maintenance. Sancroft.
AlAN'Y, (men'ny) a. [Sax. mmneff, maneg, or memg ; D
menig.] 1. Numerous; comprismg a great number of in-
dividuals. — 2. In low language, preceded by too, it denotes
powerful or much.
MAN'Y, (men'ny) n. A multitude ; a great number of indi-
viduals ; the people.
t MAN'Y, (men'ny) n. [Norm. Fr. meignee.] A retinue of
servants ; household. Chaucer.
MAN'Y-CLEFT', a. JMultifid ; having many fissures.
MAN'Y-CoL'ORED, a. Having many colors or hues.
MAN'Y-COR'NERED, a. Having many corners, or more
than twelve ; polygonal. Dry den.
MAN'Y-FLOW'ERED, a. Having many flowers.
MAN'Y-HEAD'ED, a. Having many heads. Dryden.
MAN'Y-LAN'GUAGED, a. Having many languages.
MAN'Y-LeAVED, a. Polyphyllous ; having many leaves.
MAN'Y-BIaS'TERED, a. Having many masters. J. Bar-
low.
MAN'Y-PART'ED, a. Multipartite; divided into several
paits, as a corol. Marty n.
MAN'Y-PeO'PLED, a. Having a numerous population.
MAN'Y-PET'ALED, a. Having many petals.
MAN'Y-TiMES. An adverbial phrase. Often ; frequently.
MAN'Y-TWINK'LING, a. Variously twinkling.
MAN'Y-VALVED, a. Multivalvular: having many valves.
MAP, n. [Sp. mapa ; Port, mappa ; It. mappamonda.] A
representation of tire surface of the earth or of any part of
it, drawn on paper or other material, exhibiting the lines
of latitude and longitude, and the positions of countries,
kingdoms, states, mountains, rivers, &;c. A representa-
tion of a continent, or any portion of land only, is properly
a map, and a representation of the ocean only, or any por-
tion of it, is called a chart.
MAP, V. t. To draw or delineate, as the figure of any por-
tion of land. Shak.
Ma'PLE, ) n. A tree of the genus acer, of several
Ma'PLE-TREE, ) species.
Ma'PLE-ST.]'GAR, 71. Sugar obtained by evaporation from
the juice of the rock maple.
MAP'PER-Y, 71. The art of planning and designing maps.
MAR, V. t. [Sax. merran, 7nirran, myrra7i ; Sp. marrar.]
I. To injure by cutting off a part, or by wounding and
making defective. 2, To injure ; to hurt ; to impair the
strength or purity of. 3. To injure ; to diminish ; to in-
terrupt. 4. To injure ; to deform ; to disfigure.
MA.R, in nightmare. See Nightmare.
MaR, 71. An injury ; [obs.] 2. A lake ; see Mere.
MAR'A-CAN, 71. A species of parrot in Brazil.
MAR'A-€0€K, n. A plant of the genns passiflora.
* MAR-A-Na'THA, 71, [Syriac] The Lord comes or has
come ; a word used by the apostle Paul in expressing a
curse.
* See ^Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY;— PIN, MARKNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
MAR
517
MAR
MAR'A-NON, n. The proper name of the river Amazon.
MA-RAS'MUS, n. [Gr. iiapaajxos.] Atrophy ; a wasting of
flesh without fever or apparent disease ; a kind of con-
sumption.
MA-RAUD', ■?;. i. [Fr. maraud.] To rove in quest of plun-
der ;'"to make an excursion for booty ; to plunder.
* MA-RAUD'ER, n. A rover in quest of booty or plunder ;
a plunderer ; ■usually applied to small parties of soldiers.
MA-RAUD'ING, ppr. Roving in search of plunder.
MA-RAUD'ING, n. A roving for plunder ; a plundering by
invaders^
MAR-A-Ve'DI, n. A small copper coin of Spain.
MaR'BLE, 71. [Fr. viarbre ; L. marmor.] 1. The popular
name of any species of calcarious stone or mineral, of a
compact texture, and of a beautiful appearance, suscepti-
ble of a good polish. 2. A little ball of marble or other
stone, used by children in play. 3. A stone remarkable
for some inscription or sculpture. — Arundel marbles, or
.drundelian marbles, marble pieces with a chronicle of the
city of Athens inscribed on them ; presented to the uni-
versity of Oxford, by Thomas, earl uf Arundel.
MAR'BLE, a. 1. Made of marble. 2. Variegated in col-
or 3 stained or veined like marble. 3. Hard : insensi-
ble.
MAR'BLE, v. t. To variegate in color ; to cloud ; to stain or
vein like marble.
MaR'BLED, pp. Diversified in color ; veined like marble.
MaR'BLE-HEART'ED, a. Having a heart like marble j
hard-hearted ; cruel ; insensible.
MAR'BLING, ppr. Variegating in colors ; clouding or vein-
ing like marble.
MAR'BLING, n. The art or practice of variegating in color,
in imitation of marble.
f MAR'€A-SITE, n. [It. marcassita ; Fr. marcassite.] A
name which has been given to all sorts of minerals, to
ores, pyrites, and semi-metals.
MAR-€A-SIT'ie, a. Pertaining to marcasite.
MAR-CES'CENT, a. [L. marcescens, marcesco.^ Wither-
ing ; fading ; decaying.
MAR-CES'Sl-BLE, a. That may wither ; liable to decay.
MARCH, n. [L. Mars.] The third month of the year.
t MARCH, V. i. To border on ; to be contiguous to.
MARCH, V. i. [Fr. marcher.] 1. To move by steps and in
order, as soldiers ; to move in a military manner. 2. To
walk in a grave, deliberate or stately manner.
MARCH, V. t. 1. To cause to move, as an army. 2. To
cause to move in order or regular procession.
MARCH, 71. [Fr. viarche.] 1. The walk or movement of
soldiers in order, whether infantry or cavalry. 2. A grave,
deliberate or solemn walk. 3. A slow or laborious walk.
4. A signal to move ; a particular beat of the drum. 5.
Movement ; progression ; advance.
MARCH'ER, n. The lord or officer who defended the
marches or borders of a territory. Davies.
MARCH'ES, n. plu. [Sax. mearc ; Fr. marches.] Borders 3
limits ; confines. England.
MARCH'ING, ppr. Moving or walking in order or in a
stately manner-
MARCH'ING, 71. Military movement ; passage of troops.
JMAR'CHION-ESS, (mar'chun-es) n. The wife or widow
of a marquis ; or a female having the rank and dignity of
a marquis.
I MARCH'PANE, n. [Fr. massepain.] A kind of sweet
bread or biscuit. Sidney.
MAR'CID, a. [L. marcidus.] Pining ; wasted away ; lean 3
withered. Dryden.
MAR'COR, n. [L.] The state of withering or wasting 3
leanness 3 waste of flesh 3 [little used.] Harvey.
MARE, 71. [Sax. mijra ; G. mahre.] 1, The female of the
horse. 2. [Sax. mar a.] A kind of torpor or stagnation,
which seems to press the stomach in sleep 3 the incubus.
[It is now used only in the compound, nightmare.]
MARE. Used for more in the J^''orth of England.
MAR'E-€A, 71. A species of duck in South America.
MA-Re'NA', 71. A kind offish somewhat like a pilchard.
MARE'SCHAL, (mar'shal) 71. [Fr. marechal.] The chief
commander of an army. Prior.
MAR'GA-RATB, n. [L. margarita.] In chemistry, a com-
pound of margaric acid with a base.
MAR-GAR'ie, a. Pertaining to pearl.
MAR'GA-RIN, or MAR'GA-RINE, n. A peculiar pearl-like
substance, extracted from hog's lard 3 called also marga-
rite and margaric acid.
MAR'GA-RTTE, n. 1. A pearl. Peacham. 2. Margaric acid.
3. A mineral.
MAR'GA-RITES, 71. An herb. Ainsworth.
MAR'GAY, n. An American animal of the cat kind.
MAR'GIN, 71. [foi-merly marge, or mar gent. Fr. marge ; It.
margine ; Sp. m,argen ; L, mar go.] 1. A border 3 edge 5
brink 5 verge. 2. The edge of the leaf or page of a book,
left blank or filled with notes. 3. The edge of a wound.
— 4. In botany, the edge of a leaf.
MAR'GIN, V. t. I. To furnish with a margin 3 to border.
2. To enter in the margin.
MAR'6IN-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a margin. 2. Written
or printed in the margin.
MAR'GIN-AL-LY, adv. In the margin of a book,
t MAR'GIN-ATE, v. t. To make brims or margins. Cock-
eram.
MAR'6IN-A-TED, a. Having a margin.
MAR'GODE, 71. A bluish gray stone.
MAR'GOT, n. A fish of the perch kind.
MAR'GRAVE, n. [D. markgraff; G. markgraf.] A title of
nobility in Germany, &c.
MAR-GRa'VI-ATE, n. The territory^or jurisdiction of a
margrave.
MAR'I-ETS, n. A kind of violet, [violce mariance.]
MA-RI6'E-N0US, a. [L. mare and gigno.] Produced in ot
by the sea. Kirwan.
* MART-GoLD, 71. A plant of the genus calendula, bearing
a yellow flower.
MAR'I-KIN, 71. A species of monkey having a mane.
MAR'I-NATE, v. t. [Fr. mariner.] To salt or pickle fish
and then preserve them in oil or vinegar. [Little used.]
MA-RINE', a. [Fr. 3 L. marinus.] 1. Pertaining to the sea.
2. Transacted at sea 3 done on the ocean. 3. Doing dutj^
on the sea.
MA-RINE', n. 1. A soldier that serves on board of a ship
in naval engagematits. 2. The whole navy of a kingdom
or state. 3. The whole economy of naval affairs.
MAR'I-NER, 71. [Fr. marinier.] A seaman or sailor 3 one
whose occupation is to assist in navigating sliips.
MAR'I-PUT, 71. The zoril, an animal of tlie skunk tribe.
MAR'ISH, n. [Fr. marais.] Low ground, wet or covered
with water and coarse grass 3 a fen 3 a bog 3 a moor. It
is now written marsh.
MAR'ISH, a. Moory 3 fenny 3 boggy. Bacon.
MAR'1-TAL, a. [Fr. 3 L. maritus ] Pertaining to a hus-
band. Ayliffe.
t MAR-I-Ta'TED, a. Having a husband. Diet.
MAR'I-TIME, a. [L. maritiirMs.] 1. Relating or pertaining
to the sea or ocean. 2. Performed on the sea 3 naval. 3.
Bordering on the sea. 4. Situated near the sea. 5. Hav-
ing a navy and commerce by sea. — Maritimal is not now
used.
MAR'JO-RAM, 71. [Fr. marjolaine ; G. majoran.] A plant
of the genus origanum, of several species.
MARK, n. [Sax. marc, mearc; D. merk ; G. marke ; Dan.
marke ; w. marc ; Fr. marque.] 1. A visible line made
by drawing one substance on another. 2. A line, groove
or depression made by stamping or cutting 3 an incision 5
a channel or impression. 3. Any note or sign of distinc-
tion. 4. Any visible effect of force or agency. 5. Any
apparent or intelligible effect 3 proof 3 evidence. 6. No-
tice taken. 7. Any thing to which a missile weapon may
be directed. 8. Any object used as a guide, or to which
the mind may be directed. 9. Any thing visible, by
which knowledge of something may be obtained 3 indica-
tion. 10. A character made by a person who cannot
write his name, and intended as a substitute for it. — 11.
[Fr. marc ; Sp. marco.] A weight of certain commodities,
but particularly of gold and silver. 12. A license of re-
prisals 3 see Marque.
Mark, w.f. [Sax.7Kea7-cm7i; D.merken; G.marken; Dan.
marker; Fr. marquer.] 1. To draw or make a visible line
or cliaracter with anj^ substance. 2. To stamp 3 to im-
press 5 to make a visible impression, figure or indenture.
3. To make an incision 3 to lop off a part 3 to make any
sign of distinction. 4. To form a name, or the initials of
a name, for distinction. 5. To notice 3 to take particular
observation of. 6. To heed 5 to regard. — To mark out, to
notify, as by a mark 3 to point out 3 to designate.
MARK, V. i. To note 3 to observe critically 5 to take partic-
ular notice 3 to remark.
t MARK'A-BLE, a. Remarkable. Sandys.
MARKED, pp. Impressed with any note or figure of dis-
tinction 3 noted 5 distinguished by some character.
MARK'ER, n. 1. One who puts a mark on any thing. 2.
One that notes or takes notice.
MaR'KET, 71. [D., G. markt ; Dan. marked.] 1. A public
place in a city or town, where provisions or cattle are
exposed to sale. 2. A public building in which provisions
are exposed to sale 3 a market-house. 3. Sale 3 the ex-
change of provisions or goods for money 3 purchase or
rate of purchase and sale. 4. Place of sale. 5. The priv-
ilege of keeping a public market.
MAR'KET, v.i. To deal in market 3 to buy or sell 3 to
make bargains for provisions or goods.
MAR'KET-BELL, 71. The bell that gives notice of the
time or day of market.
MAR'KET-CROSS, n. A cross set up where a market is
held.
MAR'KET-DaY, n. The day of a public market.
MAR'KET-FoLKS, n. People that come to the market.
MAR'KET-HOUSE, n. A building for a public market.
MAR'KET-MaID, 71. A woman that brings things to
market.
MAR'KET-MAN, 71. A man that brings thmgs to market.
• See »ynopsw. M5VE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tfiis. f Obsolete.
MAR
518
MAR
MAR'KET-PLACE., n. The place where provisions or
goods are exposed to sale
MaR'KET-PRICE, I n. The current price of commodities
MaR'KET-RATE, ] at any given time.
MAR'KET-TOWN, n. A town that lias the privilege of a
stated public market.
MAR'KET-WOM-AN, n. A woman that brings things to
market.
MAR'KET-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be sold ; salable. 2.
Current in market. Locke.
MiOl'KET-ING, 71. Supply of a market ; attendance upon
MARKS'MAN, n. 1. One that is skillful to hit a mark ; he
that shoots well. 2. One who, not able to write, makes
his mark instead of his name.
MARL, n. [W.marl.] A species of calcarious earth, of
different composition, and possessing feitilizing properties.
MaRL, v. t. 1. To overspread or manure with marl, 2. To
fasten with marline. Ainsicorth.
MAR-La'CEOUS, a. Resembling marl ; partaking of the
qualities of marl.
MAR'LINE, n. [Sp. merlin : Port, merlim.'} A small line
composed of two strands little twisted, and either taiTod
or white ; used for wmding round ropes and cables, to
prevent their being fretted by the blocks, &c.
MAR'LINE. V. t To wind marline roimd a rope.
MAR'LINE-SPIKE, n. A small iron like a large spike,
used to open the boll ope when the sail is to be sewed to
it, &c. Bailey.
MAR'LING, n. The act of winding a small line about a
rope, to prevent its being galled.
MAR'LITE, n. A variety of marl. Kirwan.
MAR-LIT'I€, a. Partaking of the qualities of marlite.
MARL'PIT, n. A pit where marl is dug. Woodward.
MARL'Y, a. 1. Consisting in or partaking of marl. 2. Re-
sembling marl. 3. Abounding with marl.
MAR'MA-LADE, \ n. [Fr. marmelade ; Sp. mermelada.']
MAR'MA-LET, \ The pulp of quinces boiled into a con-
sistence with sugar, or a confection of plums, apricots,
quinces, &c. boiled with sugar.
MAR'MA-LITE, n. [Gr. ij.apixaipw ] A mineral.
MAR-MO-Ra'CEOUS, a. Peitaiuirvg to or like marble.
MAR'MO-RA-TED, a. [L. marmor ] Covered with marble.
[Little used.]
MAR-MO-Ra'TION, n. A covering or incrusting with
marble^ [Little iised.]
MAR-Mo'RE-AN, a. [L. marmoreus.] 1. Pertaining to
marble, 2. Made of marble.
MAR'MOSE, n. An animal resei ibling the opossum.
* MAR'MO-SET, n. A small mo_ikey. Shak.
* MAR'MOT, n. [It. marmotta.] A quadruped of the genus
arctomys, allied to the murine tribe.
MA-ROON', n. A name given to free blacks living on the
mountains in the West India isles.
MA-ROON', V. t. To put a sailor ashore on a desolate isle,
under pretense of his having committed some great crime.
MARQ,UE, ) 71. [Fr.] 1. Letters o? marque are letters of re-
MARK, \ prisalj a license or extraordinary commis-
sion granted by a sovereign of one state to his subjects, to
make reprisals at sea on the subjects of another, under
pretense of mdemnification for injuries received. 2. The
ship commissioned for making reprisals
MAR'aUET-RY, (mar'ket-ry) n. [Fr. marquetcrie.] Inlaid
work ; work inlaid with variegations of fine wood, shells,
ivory and the like.
MAR'aUIS, n. [Fr. ; Sp, marques ; It. marchese.] A title
of honor in Great Britain, next to that of duke.
t MAR'Q.UIS. n. A marchioness. Shak.
MAR'aUl-SATE, n. The seigniory, dignity, or lordship of
a marquis.
MAR'RER, n. One that mars, hurts or impairs.
t MAR'RI-A-BLE, for marriaa-eable.
MAR'RiAGE, (mar'ridje) n. [Fr. inariage.] 1. The act of
uniting a man and woman for life ; wedlock ; the legal
union of a man and woman for life. 2. A feast made on the
occasion of a marriage. — 3. In a Scriptural sense, the union
between Christ and his church by the covenant of grace.
MAR RIAGE-A-BLE, a. I. Of an age suitable for mar-
riage ; fit to be married. 2. Capable of union.
MAR'RlA6E-AR'TI-€LES, n. Contract or agreement on
which a marriage is founded.
MAR'RIED, pp. 1. United in wedlock, 2, a. Conjugal ;
connubial.
MAR'RoW, n. [Sax. merg, mearh ; D. merg ; G, mark.']
1. A soft, oleagmous substance contained in the cavities
of animal bones. 2. The essence ; the best part. — 3. In the
Scottish dialect, a companion ; fellow ; associate :, match.
MAR'RoW, V. t. To fill with marrow or with fat | to glut.
MAR'RoW-BONEj n. 1. A bone containing marrow, or
boiled for its marrow. 2. The bone of the knee.
MAR'RoW-FAT, n. A kind of rich pea,
MAR'RoW-ISH, a- Of the nature of marrow.
MAR'RoW-LESS, a. Destitute of marrow. Shak.
MAR'RoW-Y, a. Fall of marrow; pithv.
MAR'RY, V. t. [Fr, maricr.] 1, To unite in wedlock or
matrimony ; to join a man and wc«nan for life, 2. To
dispose of in wedlock. 3, To take for husband or wife.—
4. In Scripture, to unite in covenant, or in the closest
connection.
MAR'RY, V. i. To enter into the conjugal state ; to unite aa
husband and wife ; to take a husband or a wife,
•j- MAR'RY, a term of asseveration, is said to have been de-
rived from the practice of swearing by the virgin Mary,
MARS, n. In imjthology, the god of war; in modern usage,
a planet ; and in the uLd chemistry, a term for iron.
MARSH, 71. [Sax. 7?i ersc ; 'Fx.marais.] A tract of low land,
usually or occasionally covered with water, or very wet
and miry, and overgiown with coarse grass or with de-
tached clumps of sedge ; a fen.
MARSH'-EL'DER, n. The gelder rose,
MARSH-MAL'LoV\", 7i, A plant of the genus a?iA(Ea,
MARSH-MAR'I-GoLD, n. A plant of the genus caZ^Aa,
MARSH-ROCK'ET, n. A species of water cresses.
MAR'SHAL, 77. [Fr. marectia.l ; I)., G. marschalk.] 1, The
chief officer of arms, whose duty it is to regulate combats
in tJie lists. 2. One who regulates rank and order at a
feast or any other assembly, directs the order of"procession
and the like. 3. A harbinger; a pm"suivant ; one who
goes before a prince to declare his coming and provide
entertainment. — 4. In France, the highest military offi-
cer. — 5, In .America, a civil officer in each judicial dis-
trict, answering to the sheriff of a county. 6. An
officer of any private society, appointed to regulate their
ceremonies and execute their orders, — Earl marshal of
England, the eighth officer of state,
MARSHAL, V. t. 1. To dispose in order; to arrange in a
suitable manner. 2. To lead, as a harbinger; [obs.] 3.
To dispose in due order the several parts of an escutcheon,
or the coats of arms of distinct families.
MAR'SHALED, pp. Arranged in due order,
MAR'SHAL-ER, 71, Oae who disposes in due order.
MAR'SHAL-ING, ppr. Arranging in due order.
MAR'SHAL-SEA, 71, In England, the prison in Southwark,
belonging to the marshal of the king's household,
MAR'SHAL-SHIP, n. The ofiice of a marshal.
MARSH'Y, a. Wet ; boggy ; fenny. 2. Produced in
marshes.
MART, n. [from market.] 1. A place of sale or traffick.
2. Bargain ; purchase and sale ; [obs.]
t MART, V. t. To buy and sell ; to traffick. Shak.
t filART, V. i. To trade dishonorably. Shak.
MAR'TA-GON, 77. A kind of lily. Herbert.
t MAR'TEL, V. t. [Fr. marteler.] To strike,
MAR'TEN, See Martin,
MAR'TEN, 77. [D. marter ; Fr. marte.] An animal of the
genus mustela, or weasel kind.
MAR'TIAL, (mar'shal) a. [Fr. ; l..martiaUs.] 1. Pertaining
to war ; suited to war. 2. Warlike ; brave ; given to war.
3. Suited to battle, 4. Belonging to war, or to an army and
navy. 5. Pertaining to Mars, or borrowing the properties
of tlmt planet; [obs.] 6. Having the properties of iron,
called, by the old chemists, mars.
I MAR'TIAL-ISM, 71. Bravery ; martial exercises.
t MAS'TIAL-IST, n. A warrior ; a fighter. Howel.
MAR'TIN, n. [Fr. martinet.] A bird.
MAR'TI-NET, or MART'LET, 7). In military language, a
strict disciplinarian,
MAR'TI-NETS, v. In ships, martinets axe smd.\\ lines fas-
tened to the leech of a sail, to bring it close to the yard
when the sail is furled,
MAR'TIN-GAL, 77, [Fr. martingale.] 1. A strap or thong
fastened to the girth under a hoise's belly, and at the
other end to the mus-roll, passing between the fore legs,
— 2. In ships, a rope extending from the jib-boom to the
end of a bumpkin under the cap of the bowsprit.
MAR'TIN-MAS, 71. [Martin and mass.] The feast of St,
Martin, the eleventh of November, Johnson.
MART'LET, n. Martlets, in heraldry, are little bkds rep-
resented without feet.
MAR'TYR, n. [Gr. //aprup.] 1. One who, by his death,
bears witness to the truth of the gospel. 2. One who
suffers death in defense of any cause.
MAR'TYR, V. t. 1. To put to death for adhering to what
one believes to be the truth. Pearson. 2. To murder ; to
destroy. Chaucer.
MAR'TYR-DOM, n. The death of a martyr ; the suffering
of death 011 account of one's adherence to the gospel.
MAR'TYR-IZE, v. t. To offer as a martyr, [L. u.] Spenser.
MAR-TYR-O-L0G'I-€AL, a. Registering or registered in a
catalogue of martyrs.
MAR-TYR-OL'O-GIST, n. A writer of martyrology, or an
account of martyrs.
MAR-TYR-OL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. jJLaprvp and \oyos.] A history
or account of martyrs with their sufferings ; or a register
of martyi-s.
MAR'VEL, Hy [Fr. merveille.] 1. A wonder ; that which
arrests the attention, and causes a person to stand or gaze.
See Synffpsis. A, E, I, 0, t}, "?, long.—YKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD,— t Obsolete
MAS
519
MAS
or to pause ; [nearly obs.] 2. Wonder ; admiration. —
Marvel of Peru, a plant of the genus mirabilis,
MAR'VEL, w. i. To wonder. [JSTearhj obsolete.l
MAK'VEL-lx\'G, ppr. Wondering.
MAR'VEL-OUS, a. [Fr. merveillcuz.'] 1. Wonderful ;
strange ; exciting wonder or some degree of surprise. 2.
Surpassing credit ; incredible. 3. The marvelous, in
writings, is that which exceeds natural power — 4. For-
merly, used adoerbially for wonderfully, exceedingly.
MaR'VEL-OUS-LY, adv. Wonderfully ; strangely ; in a
manner to excite wonder or surprise.
MAR'VEL-OUS-NESS, n. Wonderfulness ; strangeness,
Ma'RY-BUD, n. The mai-igold. Shak.
MASCLE, (ma'sl) n. In heraldry, a lozenge, as it were
perforated. Todd.
t 5IaS'€U-LATEj v.t. [~Limasculus.'\ To make strong.
Cockeram.
MaS'€U-LiNE, a [Fr. masculin ; L. masculinus.] 1. Hav-
ing the qualities of a man ; strong ; robust. 2. Resem-
bling man ; coarse. 3. Bold ; brave. — 4, In grammar, tne
7nasculine gender of words is that v/hicli expresses a male,
or something analogous to it.
MAS'eU-LlNE-LY, adv. Like a man. B. Jons on.
MAS'€U-LiNE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being
manly ; resemblance of man in qualities.
MASH, 71. [G. meischcn.] 1. A mixture or mass of ingre-
dients, beaten or blended together in a promiscuous man-
ner. 2. A mixture for a horse. 3. A mesh. See Mesh.
MASH, V. t. 1. To beat into a confused mass. 2. To
bruise ; to crush by beating or pressure. 3. To mix malt
and water together in brewing.
MASHED, pp. Beat into a mass ; bruised ; crushed ; mixed
into a mash.
MASH'ING, ppr. Beating into a mass ; bruising ; crushing.
MASH'ING-TUB, n. A tub for containing the mash in
breweries.
MASH'Y, a. Produced by crushing or bruising.
MASK, n. [Fr. masque.] 1. A cover for the face; that
which conceals the face, especially a cover with apertures
for the eyes and mouth; a visor. 2. That which dis-
guises ; any pretense or subterfuge. 3. A festive enter-
tainment of dancing or other diversions, in which the
company all wear masks ; a masquerade. 4. A revel ; a
bustle ; a piece of mummery. 5. A dramatic performance
written in a tragic style, without attention to rules or
probability. — 6. In architecture, a piece of sculpture rep-
resenting some grotesque form, to fill and adorn vacant
places.
MASK, V. t. 1. To cover the face ; to conceal with a mask
or visor. 2. To disguise ; to cover ; to hide.
MASK, V. i. 1. To revel ; to play the fool in masquerade.
2. To be disguised in any way. Sliak.
MASKED, pp. 1. Having the face covered ; concealed ;
disguised. — 2. a. In botamj, personate.
MASK'ER, n. One that wears a mask ; one that plays the
fool at a masquerade.
MASK'ER-Y, n. The dress or disguise of a masker.
MASK'-HOUSE, n. A place for masquerades. Bp. Hall.
MASK'ING, ppr. Covering with a mask 3 concealing.
MAS'LIN. See Mesh N.
Ma'SON, (ma'sn) n. [Fr. magon.] 1. A man whose occu-
pation is to lay bricks and stores. 2. A member of the
fraternity of free masons.
MA-SON'ie, a. Pertaining to the craft or mysteries of free
masons.
Ma'SON-RY, n. [Fr. magonnerie.] 1. The art or occupa-
tion of a mason. 2. The work or performance of a mason.
3. The craft of free masons.
MAS'O-RA, 71. [Heb.] A Hebrew work on the Bible, by
several Rabbins.
MAS-0-RET'I€, a. [Heb.] Relating to the Masorites, who
interpreted the Scriptures by tradition, and invented the
Hebrew points to fix the true reading and pronuncia-
tion.
MAS'0-RITE, n. One of the writers of the Masora.
MAS-aUER-ADE', n. [It. m.ascherata.] 1. A nocturnal
assembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing them-
selves with dancing, conversation and other diversions.
2. Disguise. 3. A Spanish diversion on horseback.
RIAS-aUER-ADE', 7;. i. 1. To go in disguise. 2. To as-
semble in masks. Sicift.
MAS-aUER-ADE', v. t. To put in disguise. KilUngbeck.
MAS-Q,UER-aD'ER, n. A person wearing a mask ; one
disguised. ^Estrange.
MAS-Q,UER-aD'ING, ppr. Assembling in masks,
AIaSS, n. [Fr. masse.] 1, A lump ; a body of matter con-
creted, collected or formed into a lump ; applied to any
solid body. 2, A collective body of fluid matter. 3, A
heap. 4. A great quantity collected, 5, Busk ; magni-
tude. 6, An assemblage ; a collection of particulars
blended, confused or indistinct. 7. Gross body of things
considered collectively ; the body ; the bulk.
MASS, n. [Sax. mcBsa, masse ; Fr. messe.] The service of
the Romish church ; the office or prayers used at the cele-
bration of the eucharist ; the consecration of the bread
and wine.
•f MASS, V. i. To celebrate mass. Hooker.
t MASS, V. t. To fill ; to stuff; to strengthen.
MAS'SA-€RE, ; n. [Fr, massacre.] 1, The murder of an
MAS'SA-€ER, \ individual, or the slaughter of numbers
of human beings, with circumstances of cruelty ; the in-
discriminate killing of human beings, without authority
or necessity, and without forms, civil or military, it dif-
fers from assassination, which is a private killing. It
differs from carnage, which is rather the effect of slaugh-
ter than slaughter itself, and is applied to the authorized
destruction of men in battle. Massacre is sometimes
called butchery, from its resemblance to the killing of
cattle, 2, Murder. Shak.
MAS'SA-€RE, v. t. To murder human beings with circum-
stances of cruelty ; to kill men with indiscriminate vio-
lence.
MAS'SA-eRER, n. One who massacres. Burke.
MaSS'ER, n. A priest who celebrates mass,
MAS SE-TER, n. A muscle which raises the under jaw.
MAS'S1-€0T, or MAS'TI-€OT, n. [Fr, massicot.] Calcin-
ed white lead ; yellow oxyd of lead,
MASfc'i-x^ESS, or MASS'IVE-NESS, 72, The state of being
massy; great weight or weight with bulk; ponderous-
ness.
MASS'iVE, or MASS'Y, a. [Fr, massif, from mass.] Heavy ;
weighty ; ponderous ; bulky and heavy,
MASS'iVE, a. In mineralogy, in mtiss ; having a crystaliue
structure, but not a regular form,
MAST, 71, [Sax, vicest ; D., G., Sw., Dan. mast.] A long,
round piece of timber, elevated perpendicularly on the
keel of a ship or other vessel, to which the yards, sails
and rigging are attached, and by which they are sup-
ported.
MAST, n. [Sax, mceste.] The fruit of the oak and beech, or
other forest trees ; nuts ; acorns,
MAST'ED, a. Furnished with a mast or masts.
MaS'TER, 71. [Fr. maiire, for maister ; Russ. rnaster ; D
mcestcr ; G. meister.] 1. A man who rules, governs or
directs either men or business. 2. A director, head or
chief manager. 3. The owner ; proprietor; with the idea
of governing. 4. A lord j a ruler ; one who has supreme
dominion. 5. A chief ; .1 principal. Pope. 6. One who
has possession and the power of controlling or using at
pleasure. 7. The commander of a merchant ship. — 8. In
ships of war, an officer who takes rank immediately after
the lieutenants, and navigates the ship under the dkec-
tion of the captain. 9. The director of a school ; a teach-
er; an instructor. 10. One uncontrolled. 11. An appel-
lation of respect. 12, An appellation given to young
men, 13, A man eminently or perfectly skilled in any
occupation, art or science. 14. A title of dignity in col-
leges and universities. 15. The chief of a society. 15,
The director of ceremonies at public places or on public
occasions, 17, Thepresidentof a college, England. — As
a title of respect given to adult persons, it is pronounced
mister.
MAS'TER., V. t. 1. To conquer ; to overpower ; to subdue ;
to bring under control. 2. To execute with skill, 3. To
rule ; to govern ; [obs.]
t MAS'TER, V. i. To be skillful ; to excel, Spenser.
fMAS'TER-DOM, 72, Dominion; rule, Shak.
f MAS'TER-FUL, a. Having the skill of a master ; also, im-
perious ; arbitrary,
MAS'TER-HAND, ii. The hand of a man eminently skill-
ful. Pope.
MAS'TER-JEST, n. Principal jest. Hudibras.
MAS'TER-KIlY, n. The key that opens many locks,
t MAS'TER-LI-NESS, 71, Eminent skill.
MAS'TER-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a master or owner. 2.
Ungoverned ; unsubdued,
MAS'TER-LODE, n. in mining, the principal vein of ore,
MAS'TER-LY, a. 1, Formed or executed with superior
skill; suitable to a master; most excellent ; skillful, 2,
Imperious.
MASTER-LYj adv. With the skill of a master,
MaS'TER-PIeCE, 11. I. A capital performance, 2. Chief
excellence or talent.
MAS'TER-SHIP, n. 1, Dominion; rule; supreme power,
2, Superiority ; preeminence, 3, Chief work ; master-
piece ; [obs.] 4, Superior skill, 5, Title of respect; in
irony. 6. The office of president of a college, or other
institution,
MAS'TER-SIN-EW, 7i, A large sinew that surrounds the
hough of a horse, and divides it from the bone by a hoi-
low place, where the wind-galls are usually seated.
MASTER-STRING, 71, Principal string, Rowe.
MAS TER-STROKE, n. Capital performance.
MAS'TER-TOOTH, n. A principal tooth. Baco'i.
MAS TER-T6UCH, n. Principal performance. Tatler.
MAS'TER-WoRK, 71, Principal performance,
MAS'TER-WoRT, 71. A plant of the genus mjperatoria.
MAS'TER-Y, 71. 1. Dominion ; power of governing or com
See Syr.:vns Mf^VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in f Ais t Obsolete.
MAT
520
MAT
manding. 2. Superiority in competition; preeminence.
3. Victory in war. 4. Eminent skill ; superior dexterity.
5. Attainment of eminent skill or power.
MaST'FUL, a. Abounding with mast, or fruit of oak, beech
and otlier forest trees.
MAS'Tie, or MAS'TieH, n. [Fr. mastic.'] 1. A resin ex-
suding from the mastic-tree, a species of pistacia. 2. A
kind of mortar or cement.
MAS'TI-€ATE, v. t. [L. 7nastko.'\ To chew ; to grind with
the teeth and prepare for swallowing and digestion.
MAS'TI-€A-TED, pp. Chewed.
MAS'TI-€A-TING, ppr. Chewing ; breaking into small
pieces with the teeth.
MAS-TI-€a'TION, 71. The act of chewing food.
MAS'TI-€A-TO-RY, a. Chewing ; adapted to perform the
office of chewing food. Lawrence's Lect.
MAS'TI-€A-TO-RY, 7i. A substance to be chewed to in-
crease the saliva. Coxe,
MAS'TIFF, ) 11. ; plu. Mastiffs. [Sp. masun.l A large
MAS' TIF, \ species of dog, remarkable for strength and
courage.
MAST'LESS, a. 1. Having no mast, as a vessel. 2. Bear-
ing no mast. Dryden.
MAST'LIN. See Meslin.
MAS'TO-DON, n. [Gr. iiaaros and oSovs.] A genus of
mammiferous animals resembling the elephant, now ex-
tinct, and known only by their fossil remains. It includes
the North American mammoth.
MAS'TOID, a. [Gr. ixaaros and aSos.] Resembling the nip-
ple or breast.
t MAS'TRESS, for mistress. Chaucer.
MAST'Y, a. Full of mast; abounding with acorns, &c.
MAT, 71. [W. mat ; Sax. meatta.] 1. A texture of sedge,
rushes, flags, husks, straw, or other material. 2. A web
of rope-yarn, used in ships to secure the standing riggmg
from the friction of the yards, &c.
MAT,v.t 1. To cover or lay with mats. 2. To twist to-
gether ; to interweave like a mat ; to entangle. Dryden.
3. To press together ; to lav flat.
MAT'A-CHIN, n. [Sp.] An old dance.
MAT'A-DORE, n. [Sp. matador.] One of the three princi-
pal cards in the game of ombre and quadrille.
MATCH, 71. [Fr. meche.] 1. Some very combustible sub-
stance used for catching fire from a spark. 2. A rope or
cord made of hempen tow, composed of three strands
slightly twisted, and again covered with tow and boiled
in the lees of old wine.
DIATCH, n. [Sax. inaca and gemaca.] 1. A person who is
equal to another in strength or other quality ; one able to
cope with another. 2. One that suits or tallies with an-
other; or any thing that equals another. 3. Union by
maiTiage. 4. One to be married.
MATCH, 71. [Gr. /^ta;;^/?.] A contest; competition for vic-
tory ; or a union of parties for contest.
MATCH, V. t. 1. To equal. 2. To show an equal. 3. To
oppose as equal ; to set against as equal in contest. 4.
To suit ; to make equal ; to proportion. 5. To marry ; to
give in marriage. 6. To purify vessels by burning a match
in them.
MATCH, V. i. 1. To be united in marriage. 2. To suit ;
to correspond ; to be of equal size, figure or quality ; to
tally.
MATCH'A-BLE, a. 1. Equal; suitable; fit to be joined.
Spenser. 2. Correspondent ; [little used.l Woodirard.
MATCHED, pp. Equaled ; suited ; placed in opposition ;
married.
MATCH'ING, ppr. Equaling; suiting; setting in opposi-
tion ; uniting in marriage.
MATCH'LESS, a. Having no equal.
MATCH'LESS-LY, adv. In a manner not to be equaled.
MATCH LESS-NESS, v.. The state or quality of being
without an equal.
MATCH'LOCK, n. Formerly, the lock of a musket which
vvas fired by a match.
MATCH'Ma-KER, 71. 1. One who makes matches for
burning. 2. One who contrives or effects a union by
marriage.
MATE, 71. [D. TTiaat.] 1. A companion ; an associate ; one
who customarily associates with another. 2. A husband
or wife. 3. The male or female of animals whicli asso-
ciate for propagation and the care of theii- young. 4. One
that eats at the' same table. 5. One that attends the same
school ; a school-mate. 6. An officer in a mercJiant ship
or ship of war, whose duty is to assist the master or com-
mander.
MATE, 71. [Sp., Port, mate ; Fr. mat.] In chess, the state
of the king so situated that he cannot escape.
MATE, v.t. 1. To match ; to marry. 2. To equal ; to be
equal to. 3. To oppose; to equal.
)>MATE, V t. \Ft. mater.] To enervate; to subdue; to
crush.
MaTE'LESS, o. Having no mate or companion.
MA-Te'RI-A MED'I-€A. 1. A general name for every
substance used in medicine. 2. An auxiliary branch of
the science of medicine.
MA-Te'RI-AL, a. [It. materials ; Fr. materiel.] 1. Con-
sisting of matter ; not spiritual. 2. Important ; moment-
ous ; more or less necessary ; having influence or efiect.
3. Not formal ; substantial. 4. Fmnishing materials.
MA-Te'RI-AL, 71. The substance or matter of which any
thing_is made.
MA-Te'RI-AL-ISM, 71. The doctrine of materialists.
MA-Te'RI-AL-IST, 71. One who denies the existence of
spiritual substances, and maintains that the soul of man ia
the result of a paiticular organization of matter in the body.
MA-TE-RI-AL'i-TY, 71. 1. Material existence ; corporeity;
not spirituality. 2. Importance. Judge Chase.
MA-Te'RI-AL-iZE, v. t. To reduce to a state of matter;
also, to regard as matter. Reid.
MA-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. 1. In the state of matter. Boyle.
2. Not formally ; substantially. 3. In an important man-
ner or degree ; essentially.
MA-Te'RI-AL-NESS, 71. The state of being material ; im
portance.
MA-Te'RI-ATE, ) a. [L. materiatus.] Consisting of
MA-TE'RI-A-TED, \ matter. [Little used.] Bacon.
t MA-TE-RI-a'TION, 77. The act of forming matter.
MA-TERN'AL, a. [L. maternus.] Motherly ; pertaining to
a mother ; becoming a mother.
MA-TERN'I-TY, 71. [Fr. maternite.} The character or re-
lation of a mother.
MAT'FEL-ON, n. A plant called lc7iap-weed.
MATH, 71. [Sax. 7n(Bth.] A mowing ; as in aftermath.
MATH-E-aiAT'ie, \ a. [L. mathematicus .] 1. Pertain-
MATH-E-MAT'I-CAL, I ing to mathematics. 2. Accord-
ing to the principles of mathematics.
MATH-E-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the laws or
principles of mathematical science. 2. With mathemat-
ical certainty : demonstrably.
MATH-E-MA-Ti"CIAN, n. [Fr. mathematicien.] One
versed in mathematics.
MATH-E-MAT'ICS, 71. [L. mathematica.] The science of
quantity ; the science which treats of magnitude and
number, or of whatever can be measured or numbered.
MATH'E-MEG, n. A fish of the cod kind.
MATH'ES, 71. An herb. Ai7isicorth.
* MATH'E-SIS, 71. [Gr. ijadrjais.] The doctrine of mathe-
matics. Pope.
MAT'IN, a. [Fr. matin.] Pertaining to the morning ; used
in the morning.
t MAT'IN, 71. Morning. Shak.
MAT'INS, 71. 1. Morning worship or service ; morning
prayers or songs. 2. Time of morning service.
MAT'RASS, 71. [Fr. 7natras.] A cucurbit ; a chemical ves-
sel in the shape of an egg.
MATRESS, 71. [W.7natras.] A quilted bed; a bed stuffed
with hair, inoss or other soft material, and quilted.
Ma'TRiCE, or Ma'TRIX, ?«. [L. 7nat7-ix.] 1. The womb;
the cavity in which the fetus of an animal is formed and
nourished till its birth. 2. A mold ; the cavity in which
any thing is formed, and which gives it shape. 3. The
place wJiere any thing is formed or produced ; gang. — 4.
In dyeing, the five simple colors, black, white, blue, red
and yellow, of which all the rest are composed.
MAT'RI-Ci-DAL, a. Pertaining to matricide.
* MAT'RI-ClDE, 71. [L. 7natricidium.] 1. The killing or
murder of a mother. 2. The killer or murderer of his
mother.
MA-TRIC'U-LATE, v. t. [L. matricula.] To enter or ad-
mit to membership in a body or society, particularly, in a
college or university, by enrolling the name in a register.
MA-TRIC'U-LATE, n. One enrolled in a register, and thus
admitted to membership in a society.
t MA-TRIC'U-LATE, a. Admitted into, or enrolled m, any
society, by setting down the name. Skelto7i.
MA-TR"I€-U-La'TION, n. The act of registering a name,
and admitting to membership.
MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL, a. [It. 7natrimo7iialc.] 1. Pertaining
to marriage; connubied ; nuptial; hymeneal, jj. Derived
from marriage.
MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL-LY, adv. According to the manner or
laws of marriage. Aijliffe.
MAT-RI-JIo'NI-OUS, a. Matrimonial. [L. u.] Milton.
MAT'RI-MO-NY, 71. [L. 7natri7no7iium.] Marriage; wed-
lock ; the union of man and woman for life ; the nuptial
state.
Ma'TRIX, See Matrice.
* MAT'RON, or Ma'TRON, n. [Fr. matroTie ; L. matroTia.]
An elderly married woman, or an elderly lady. JohnsoTi.
* MAT'RON-AL, a. [L. matroiialis.] Pertaining to a mat-
ron ; suitable to an elderly lady or to a married woman ;
grave ; motherly.
* MAT'RON -IZE, or Ma'TRON-'iZE, v. t. To render mat-
ronlike.
* MAT'RON-LHCE, or Ma'TRON-LTKE, a. Having the
manners of an elderly woman ; grave ; sedate; becoming
a matron.
UJ\.-±Iid'RL-.n. iIlJM-»'i.-vxi. X. .n. gciiciai i;aiiic lui cvciy a IliairOU.
♦ See Synopsis A, E, t, O, U, ^, long.—FA^, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;—
f Obsolete
MAU
S^l
ME
* BIAT'ROJV-LY, or Ma'TRON-LY, a. Elderly ; advanced
in years.
MA-TE.OSS', n. [D. matroos.] Matrosses are soldiers in a
train of artillery, who are next to the gunners, and assist
them in loading, firing and spunging the guns.
MAT'TA-MOPtE, n. In the East, a subterranean repository
for wheat. Shaw.
MAT'TER, 71. [L., Sp., It. materia ; Fr. viatiere.] 1. Sub-
stance excreted from living animal bodies ; that which is
tlirown out or discharged in a tumor, boil or abscess ; pus.
2. Body ; substance extended ; that which is visible or
tangible ; as earth, wood, stone. — 3. In a more general
and philosophic sense, the substance of which all bodies
are composed ; the substratum of sensil)le qualities, though
the parts composing the substratum may not be visible or
tangible. 4. Subject j thing treated; that about which
we write or speak ; that which employs thought or excites
emotion. 5. The very thing supposed or intended. 6.
Affair; business; event; thing; course of things. 7.
Cause of any event, as of any disturbance, of a disease, or
of a difficulty. 8. Subject of complaint ; suit ; demand.
9. Import ; consequence ; importance ; moment. 10.
Space of time ; a portion of distance.
MAT'TER, V. i. 1. To be of importance ; to import; used
with it, this, that or 2chat. 2. To maturate ; to form pus ;
to colleci, as matter in an abscess ; [little lised.]
t MAT'TER, V. t. To regard.
MAT'TER-LESS, a. Void of matter. B. Jonson.
MAT'TER-OF-FAeT-MAN, n. A term of modern times
for a grave and precise narrator, remarker or inquirer ;
one who sticks to the matter of any fact.
MAT'TER-Y, a. Purulent; generating pus. Harvey.
RIAT'TOe, 71. [Sax. mattuc.] A tool to grub up weeds or
roots ; a grubbmg hoe. Baileij.
MAT'TRESS, n. A quilted bed. See Matress, a more cor-
rect ortliography.
MAT'U-RANT, 7i. [1,. mature.'] In pharmacy , s. meAicine
or application to a tumor, which promotes suppuration .
Mx\T'U-RATE, tj. t. [L. maturo.] To ripen ; to hasten or
promote suppuration.
SIAT'U RATE, v. i. To become ripe; to suppmate, as a
tumor, and form pus.
MAT-U-Ra'TION, n. 1. The process of ripening or coming
to maturity; ripeness. 2. The process of suppurating ;
suppuration.
* M.lT'U-RA-TiVE, a. 1. Ripening; conducing to ripe-
ness. 2. Conducing to suppuration, or the formation of
matter in a tumor or abscess.
TyIA-TuRE', a. [L. viaturiLs.'] 1. Ripe ; perfected by time
or natural growtt. 2. Brought to perfection. 3. Com-
pleted ; prepared ; ready. 4. Ripe ; come to suppuration.
MA-TuRE', v. t. [L. mature.'] 1. To ripen ; to hasten to a
perfect state ; to promote ripeness. 2. To advance to-
wards perfection.
r.IA-TuRE', v.i. To advance toward ripeness; to become
ripe or perfect.
BIA-TuR'ED, (ma-turd') pp. Ripened ; advanced to per-
fection ; prepared.
I\IA-TuRE'LY, adv. 1. Witli ripeness; completely. 2.
With full deliberation. 3. Early ; soon ; [a Laiinism,
little used.]
MA-TuR'ING, ppr. Ripening ; being in or coming to a
complete state.
MA-Tu RI-TY, or MA-TuRE'NESS, n. Ripeness ; a state
of perfection or completeness.
MAT'U-TI-NAL, ) a. [L. matutinus.] Pertaming to the
.^lAT'U-TIXE, I morning. Herbert.
iMATWEED, n. A plant of the genus ?7/o-czt7?i
JIAUD'LIN, a. [corrupted from Magdalen.] Drunk ; fud-
dled ; approaching to intoxication ; stupid.
MAUD'LIN, 71. A plant of the genus achillea.
MAIJ GRE, ) acZ«. [Fr. malgre.] In spite of ; in opposition
IMAT'GER, S to; notwithstanding; used only inhurlesquc.
?'LV" KIN. See Malkin.
MAUL, n. ['L. malleus.] A heavy wooden hammer ; writ-
ten, also, mall. See Mall.
MACL, V. t. To beat and bruise with a heavy stick or
cndsel ; to wound in a coarse manner.
SIAUL'STICK, 7(. [Germ, maiden : Su. Goth, maela.] The
stick by which painters keep their hand steady in work-
ing.
t ~\IAUXCH, 71. [Ft. manche.] A loose sleeve. Herbert.
'■■■ .MAUND, n. [Sax. and D. mand.] A hand-basket; a word
vscd in Scotland.
*f jMAUND, )v.t. and i. To mutter; to murmur; to
*f MAUNDER, ] gmmble ; to beg.
*t MAUND'ER, n. A beggar.
*fMAtJND'ER-ER, n. A'gmmbler.
t MAUND'ER-ING, n. Complaint.
* MA tJN'DY-THURS'DAY, n. [supposed to be from Sax.
mand, a basket ; because on that day princes used to give
alms to the poor from their baskets ; or from dies mandati,
the day of command, on which day our Savior gave his
great mandate, that we should love one another. Lye.
Johnson.] The Thursday in passion week, or next before
Good Friday.
MAU-SO-Le'AN, a. Pertaining to a mausoleum; menu*
mental. Bv-rton.
MAU-SO-Le'UM, 71. [L. ; Fr. mausolee ; from Mausolus,
king of Caria.] A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral
monument,
t MAU'THER, 71. A foolish young girl. B^ Jonson.
Ma'VIS, n. [Fr. mauvis.] A bird, a species of turdtis.
MAW, 71. [Sax. maga.] 1. The stomach of brutes ; applied
to the stomach of human beings in contempt only. 2.
The craw of fowls.
t MAWK, 71. A maggot ; a slattern.
MaVVK'-ING-LY. adv. Slatternly ; sluttishly.
MAWK'ISH, a. Apt to cause satiet> or loathing.
MAWK ISH-NESS, n. Aptness to cause loathing.
MAWK'Y, a. Maggoty. [Local.] Grose.
f MAW'MET, n. [from Mahoinet.] A puppet; anciently, an
idol. Wickliffe.
t MAW'MET-RY, n. The religion of Mohammed ; also,
idolatry. Chaucer.
MAVVMISH, a. [from mate, or maicmet.] Foolish ; silly ;
idle ; nauseous. L^ Estrange.
MAW WORM, n. A worm that infests the stomach.
MAX'IL-LAR, ) a. [L. maxillaris.] Pertaining to the
MAX'IL-LA-RY, \ jaw.
MAX'IM, n. [Fr. maxime.] 1. An established principle or
proposition ; a principle generally received or admitted as
true.— 2. In music, the longest note formerly used, equal
to two longs, or four breves.
MAX'IM-MoN-GER, n. One who deals much in maxims.
MAX'I-MUM, n. [L.] In mathematics, the greatest number
or quantity attainable in any given case.
MAY, n. [L. Jilaius ; Fr. Mai.] 1. The fifth month of the
year, beginning with January, but the third, beginning
with March. 2. [Goth, ma^ci. See Maid.] A young
woman; [obs.] 3. The early part of life.
MAY, V. i. To gather flowers in May-morning.
MAY, verb aux. ; pret. might. [Sax. magan.] 1. To be pos
sible. 2. To have physical power; to be able. 3. To
have moral power; to be permitted. 4. It is used in
prayer and petitions to express desire. — May be, it may be,
are expressions equivalent to perhaps, by chance, perad-
venture, that is, it is possible to be.
MaY'-AP-PLE, n. A plant of the genus podophyllum.
MaY'-BLOOM, 71. The hawthorn.
MaY'-BUG, 71. A chafier. Ainsiccrth.
MaY'-BUSH, 7i. A plant ot the genus cratmgus.
MaY'-DAY, n. The first day of May.
MAY -DEW, 7i. The dew of May.
MaY'-DUKE, n. A variety of the common cherry.
MaY-FLOW-ER, 71. A plant; a flower that appears in
May.
MaY'-FLY, n. An insect or fly that appears in May.
M-aY'-GAME, 7?. Sport or diversion ; play. Drydeii.
MaY'IXG, jj.-The gathering of flowers on May -day.
MaY'-La-D1(: , n. The queen or ladv of May, in May-games.
MaY'-LIL-Y, n. The lily of the valley.
MaY'-MORN, 71. Iieshness; v;gor. Shak.
MaY'-POLE, 7i. A pole to dance round in May; a long
pole erected.
IMaY'WEED, n. A plant of the genus anthemis.
MaY'HEM. See Maim.
*MaY'OR, 71. [Fr. 7/ia«Ve ; Norm, maeur.] The chief magis-
trate of a citv.
MaY'OR-AL-TY, 7!. The ofiice of a mayor. Bacon.
MaY'OR-ESS, n. The wife of a mayor.
JIAZ'A-GAX, 7?. A varietv of the common bean..
MAZL'^D, 71. [Fr. machoire.] 1. The jaw; [obs.] 2. A
kind of cherry.
jMAZ'ARD, V. t. To knock on the head. B. Jonson.
MAZ-A-RiXE', 71. 1. A deep blue color. 2. A particular
way of dressing fowls. 3. A little dish set in a larger
one.
MAZE, n. [Sax. mase.] 1. A winding and turning ; per-
plexed state of things ; intricacy ; a state that embarrasses.
2. Confusion of thought ; perplexity; uncertainty. 3. A
labyrinth.
MAZE, V. t. To bewUder ; to confound with intricacy ; to
amaze. Spenser.
tMAZE, r. z. To be bewildered. Chaucer.
I MaZ'ED-XESS, 71. Confusion ; astonishment.
{MaZ'ER, ??. A maple cup. Spenser.
MAZ-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to mazology.
Mx\-Z0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in mazology.
MA-Z0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. jua^a and 'Soyas.] The doctrine or
history of mammiferous animals.
Ma'ZY, a. Winding ; perplexed with turns and windings
intricate. Milton.
M. D. Medicin<B Doctor, doctor of medicine.
ME, pron. pers ; the objective case of /, answering to tne
oblique cases of ego, in Latin. [Sax. me ; Goth, mik ; G.
mich ; Fr. moi ; L. mihi ; Sp. mi} It. mi, or me ; Arm
7ree.]
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE •,— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; iS as Z -, CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete
MEA
522
MEA
f MEA'€0€iv n. [qu. meek and cock.] An uxorious, ef-
feminate man.
f MkA'COCK, a Lame ; timorous ; cowardly. Shak,
JM3i;AD, It. [Sax. medo, meiw ; D. meede ; G. metJi.] A fer-
mented liquor consisting of honey and water, sometimes
enriclied witJi spices. Encyc,
MEAD,_(meed) ) n. [Sax. maede, inxdewe.'] A tract of
ME.ID OVV, (med'o) \ low land.— In America, the word
is applied particularly to the low ground on fhe banks of
rivers, consisting of a rich mold or an alluvial soil, whether
grass laud, pasture, tillage or wood land.
MEAD'OW-ORE, n. In mineralogy, conchoidal bog-iron ore.
MEAE'oVV-E,uE, n. A plant of the genus thalictrum.
MEAD'oW-SAF'FRON, n. A plant.
MEAD'oW-SAX'I-FRAGE, n. A plant.
MEAD'oW-SWEET, ji. A plant.
MEADoW-WoRT, ?t. A plant. Drayton.
MEAD'OW-Y, a. Containing meadow. J. Barlow.
Meagre, ) a. IFt. malgre; Sp., It. magro ; L. macer.] 1.
MeA GER, ] Thin 3 lean ; destitute of flesh, or having little
flesh. 2. Foot: barren j destitute of richness, fertility, or
any thing valuable. 3. Barren ; poor ; wanting strength
ofjdiction, or richness of ideas or imagery.
j-MeA'GER, ■». f. To make lean. Knolles.
MeA'GER-LY, adv. Poorly ; thinly.
MeA'GER-NESS, 11. 1. Leanness; want of flesh. 2. Poor-
ness ; barrenness ; want of fertility or richness. 3. Scan-
tiness ; barrenness.
MeAK, 71. A hook with a long handle. Tusser.
MeAL, 71. [Sax. mal ; D. maal ; G inaJil ] 1. A portion of
food taken at one time ; a repast 2. Apart; a fragment;
ill the word jdccemeal.
MeAL, 71. [Sax. mealewe, melewe , G. meld; Sw. inihl ;
Dan., D. mecl.] 1. The substance of edible grain ground
to fine particles, and not bolted or sifted. 2. Flour ; the
finer part of pulverized grain.
MeAL, v. t. To sprinkle witli meal, or to mix meal with.
{Little used.]
MeA.L'1-NESS, 71. The quality of being mealy ; softness
or smoothness to the touch.
MeAL'-MAN, 71. A man that deals in meal.
MeAL'-TIME, 71. The usual time of eating meals.
MeAL'Y, a. 1. Having the qualities of me-^l; soft ; smooth
to the feel. 2. Like meal; fai-inaceous ; soft, dry and
friable. 3. Ovei-spread with something that resembles
meal.
MeAL'Y-MOUTHED, a. Literally, having a soft mouth ;
hence, unwilUng to tell the truth in plain language ; in-
clined to speak of any thing in softer terms than the truth
will warrant.
MeAL'Y-MOUTH-ED-NESS, 77. Inclination to express the
truth in soft words, or to disguise the plain fact; reluc-
tance to tell the plain tmth.
Mean, a. [Sax. mcenc, germsne.] I. Wanting dignity ; low
in rank or birth. 2. Wantingdignity of mind ; low-m-ind-
ed ; base ; destitute of lionor ; spiritless 3* Contempti-
ble ; despicable. 4. Of little value ; low in v/orth or esti-
mation ; worthy of little or no regain. 5. Of little value ;
humble ; poor.
Mean, a. [Fr. moyen; Sp., Port, mediajio ; !•. mediiim.]
1. Middle ; at an "equal distance from the extremes. 2.
Intervening ; intermediate ; coming between.
Mean, n. 1. The middle point or place ; the middle rate
or degree ; mediocrity ; medium. 2. Intervening time ;
interval of time ; interim; meantime. 3. Measure; reg-
ulation; [obs.] 4. Instrument; that which is used to
effect an object ; the medium through which something is
done. In tliis sense, -means, in tlie plural, is generally
used, and often with a definitive and verb in the singular.
5. J!/eart5,in the^/^'wa^, income, revenue, resources, sub-
stance or estate, considered as the instrument of effecting
any purpose. 6. Instrument of action or performance. —
By all means^ without fail. — By no means, not at all ; cer-
tainly not ; not in any degree. — By no manner of means,
by no means ; not the least. Burke. — By any means, pos-
sibly ; at all. — Meantime, or ??2ea?iw7tiZe,inthe intervening
time ; [in this use of these words, there is an omission
of 771 or in the ; in the vieantime.]
Mean, v. t. ,• pret. and pp. meant (pronounced ment).
[Sax. mcsnan, menan.] 1. To have in the mind, view or
contemplation ; to intend. 2. To intend ; to purpose : to
design, with reference to a future act. 3. To signify : to
indicate.
WeAN, v.i. To have thought or ideas ; or to have meaning.
ME-AN'DER, n. [the name of a winding river in Phrygia.]
1. A winding course ; a winding or turning in a passage.
2. A maze ; a labyrinth : perplexity,
ME-AN'DER, v. t. To wind, turn or flow round ; to make
flexuous. Drayton.
ME-AN'DER, v. i. To wind or turn in a course or passage ;
10 be intricate. Shenstone.
ME-AN'DER-ING, ppr. or a. Winding in a course, passage
or current.
ME-AN'DRi-AN, a. Windmg ; having many turns.
tME-AN'DRY, ) ,,,. ,. ^ n *-•
t ME-AN^DROUS ( ''^' W^mdmg ; flexuous. Dean King
MeAN'ING, ppr. Having in mind ; intenuing ; signifying.
MeAN'ING, 77. 1. That which exists in the mind, view or
contemplation as a settled aim or pm-pose, though not di-
rectly expressed. 2. Intention ; purpose ; aim ; with
reference to a future act. 3. Signification. 4. The sense
of words or expressions ; that which is to be understood ;
signification ; that which the writer or speaker intends
5. Sense ; power of thinking ; [little used.]
MeAN'LY, adv. 1. Moderately. 2. Without dignity or
rank ; in a low condition. 3. Poorly. 4. Without great-
ness or elevation of mind ; without honor ; with a low
mind or narrow views. 5. Without respect ; disrespect-
fully.
MeAN'NESS, n. 1. Want of dignity or rank; low state
2. Want of excellence of any kind ; poorness ; rudeness.
3. Lowness of mind; want of dignity and elevation;
want of honor. 4. Sordidness ; niggardliness. 5. Want
of richness ; poorness.
MEANT, (ment)|;rei. and pp. of mean.
MeAR. See Mere.
MeASE, 77. The quantity of 500 ; as, a mease of herrings.
t MeA'SLE, (mS'zl) 7t. A leper. Wickliffe.
MeA'SLED, (me'zld) a. Infected or spotted with measles
jMeA'-SLED-NESS, 7i. Disejised state of swine. Cotgrave
MeA'SLES, fme'zlez) n. with a plural termination. [D
vtazelen.] 1. A contagious disease of the human body,
usually characterized by an eruption of small red points or
spots, from wliich it has its name. 2. A disease of swine.
3. A disease of trees.
MeA'SLY, (meez ly) a. Infected with measles or emptions.
MEAS'U-RA-BLE, (mezh'u-ra-bl) a. 1. That may be meas-
ured ; susceptible of mensuration or computation. 2.
Moderate ; in small quantity or extent.
MEAS'U-RA-BLE-NESS,(mezhu-ra-bI-nes) 77. The quality
of admitting mensuration.
MEAS'U-RA-BLY, (mezh'u-ra-bly) adv. Moderately ; in a
limited degree.
MEAS'URE, (raezh'ur) n. [Fr. mesure ; It. misura.] 1. The
whole extent or dimensions of a thing, including length,
breadth and thickness. 2. That by whicli extent or di-
mension is ascertained, either length, breadth, thickness,
capacity, or amount. 3. A limited or definite quantity.
4. Determined extent or length : limit. 5. A rule by
wliich any thing is adjusted or proportioned. 6. Propor-
tion ; quantity settled. 7. Full or sufilcient quantity. 8.
Extent of power or office. 9. Portion allotted ; extent of
ability. 10. Degree ; quantity indefinite. — 11. In 7nusic,
tliat division by which the motion of music is regulated.
— 12. In poetry, the measure or metre is tlie manner of
ordering and combining the quantities, or the long and
short syllables. — 13. In dancing, the mtei-val between
steps, conesponding to the inten'al between notes in the
music. — 14. In geometry, any quantity assumed as one or
unity, to which the ratio of other homogeneous or similar
quantities is expressed. 15. Means to an end ; an act, step
or proceeding towards the accomplishment of an object. —
IVithout measure, v/ithout limits ; very largely or copious-
ly. — To have hard measure, to be harshly treated.
MEAS'URE, V. i. To have a certain or limited extent.
MEAS'URE, (mezh'ur) v. t. 1. To compute or ascertain
extent, quantity, dimensions or capacity by a certain rule.
2. To ascertain the degree of any thing. 3. To pass
tlirough or over. 4. To judge of distance, extent or quan-
tity. 5. To adjust ; to proportion. 6. To allot or dis-
tribute by measure.
MEAS'URED, (mezh'urd) pp. 1. Computed or ascertained
by a rule ; adjusted ; proportioned ; passed over. 2. a.
Equal ; uniform ; steady. 3. Limited or restricted.
MEAS'URE-LESS, (mezh'ur-les) a. Without measure ; un-
limited ; immeasurable, Shak.
MEAS'URE- jIENT, (mezh'ur-ment) n. The act of measur-
ing; mensuration. Burke.
MEAS'UR-ER, (mezh'ur-er) n. One who measures; one
whose occupation or duty is to measvu-e commodities in
market.
MEAS'UR-ING, (mezh'ur-ing) ppr. 1. Computing or ascer-
taining length, dimensions, capacity or amount. 2. a.
A measuring cast, a throw or cast that requires to be
measured.
Meat, V, [Sax. maste, mete.] 1. Food in general ; any Uiing
eaten for nourishment, either by man or beast. 2. The
flesh of animals used as food. — 3. In Scripture, spiritual
food. John vi. 4. Spiritual comfort. John iv. 5. Prod-
ucts of the earth proper for food. Hab. iii. 6. The more
abstruse doctrines of the gospel. Heb. v. 7. Ceremonial
ordinances. Heb. xiii. — To sit at meat, to sit or recline at
the table. Scripture.
t MeAT'ED, a. Fed ; fattened. Tusser.
t MeATHE, 77. [W. mez.] Liquor or drink. Milton.
MeAT'-OF-FER-ING, 77. An offering consisting of meat or
food.
MeAT'Y, a. Fleshy, but not fat. [Local.] Grose.
* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, V, ?, long.— F ATX, FALL, V^THAT ;— PRgY :— PIN, MARINE. BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
MED
523
MED
MEAWL See Mxw ..
MeAZ'LING, ppr. 1 ailing in small drops; properly, miz-
zlijiff, or rather mistUng, from mist. Arbuthnot.
ME-GHAN'ie, or ME-€HAN'[-€AL, a. [L. mechanicus ;
Fr. mechaiiiquc.'] 1. Pertaining to machines, or to the
art of constructing jnachines ; pertaining to the art of
making wares, goods, instruments, furniture, &c. 2.
Constracted or performed by the rules or laws of mechan-
ics. 3. Skilled in the art of making machines ; bred to
manual labor. 4. Pertaining to artisans or mechanics ;
vulgar. 5. Pertaining to the principles of mechan-
ics, in philosophy. 6. Acting by physical power.
ME-CHxAN'ie, n. 1. A person whose occupation is to con-
struct machines, or goods, wares, instruments, furniture,
and the like. 2, One skilled in a mechanical occupa-
tion or art.
ME-eHAN'I-€AL-Ly, o.dv. 1. According to the laws of
mechanism, or good workmanship. 2. By physical force
or power. 3. By the laws of motion, without intelligtsnce
or design, or by the force of habit.
f ME-€HAN I-€AL-lZE, v. t. To render mean and low.
Coi(rrave.
ME-€HANa-€AL-NESS, n. The state of being mechanical,
or governed by mechanism.
MEeH-A-Nl"CIAN, n. One skilled in mechanics.
ME-eHAN'I€S, n. That science which treats of the doc-
trines of motion. A mathematical science which shows
the effects of powers or moving forces, so far as they are
applied to engines, and demonstrates the laws of motion.
Harris.
ME€H'A-NISM, n. 1. The construction of a machine, en-
gine or instrument. 2. Action of a machine, according
to the laws of mechanics.
MEeH'A-NIST, n. The maker of machines, or one skilled
in mechanics.
MECHLIN, n. A species of lace, made at Mechlin.
ME-€Ho'A-€AN, n. White jalap, from Mechoacan.
ME-€o'NI-ATE, n. A salt consisting of meconic acid and a
base.
ME-€ON'ie, a. Meconic acid is an acid contained In opi-
um.
MEC'0-NITE) n. A small sandstone ; ammite.
ME-€o'NI-UM, 7z. {Gr. ixriKwviov.] 1. The juice of the
white poppy, which has the virtues of opium. 2. The
fii-st feces of infants.
MED'AL, 7t. [Fr. medaille ; It. medaglia ; Sp. medulla.'] An
ancient coin, or a piece of metal "in the form of a coin,
stamped with some figure or device to preserve the portrait
of some distinguished person, or the memory of an illus-
trious action or event.
ME-DAL'LI€, a. Pertaining to a medal or to medals,
ME-DALL'ION", n. [Fr.] 1. A large antique stamp or
medal. 2. The representation of a medallion.
MED'AL-LTST, ??. A person that is skilled in medals.
MED'DLE, V. i. [D. middelen.] 1. To have to do ; to take
part ; to interpose and act in the concerns of others, or in
affairs in which one's interposition is not necessary. 2.
To liave to do ; to touch ; to handle.
t MED DLE, V. t. To mix : to mingle. Spenser.
MEL'DLER, n. One that meddles ; an officious pei-son ; a
busy-body. Bacon.
MED'DLE-SoME, a. Given to meddling; apt to interpose
in the affairs of others ; officiously intrusive.
MED'DLE-SoME-NESS, n. Officious interposition in the
affairs of others. Barrow.
MEDDLING, p;)r. 1. Having to do; touching; handling;
officiously interposing in other men's concerns. 2. a. Of-
licious ; busy in other men's affairs.
MED'E-CIN, n. A physician.
Me'DI-AL, a. [L. medhis.'] JMean ; noting a mean or aver-
age. — Medial alligation is a method of tTuding the mean
rate or value of a mixture consisting of two or more in-
gredients of different quantities and values.
RIe'DI-ANT, 71. In music, an appellation given to the third
above the key-note. Busby.
ME-DI-AS'TiNE,7i. [Fr. ; L. madias faium.] The fimbriated
body about which the guts are convolved. Arbuthnot.
Me'DI-ATE, e. [F'c.m.ediat.'] 1. Middle ; being between
the two extremes. 2. Interposed ; intervening ; being
between two objects. 3. Acting by means, or by an inter-
vening cause or instrument.
Me DI-ATE, V. i. 1. To interpose between parties, as the
equal friend of each ; to actiiiditFerently b'^tvveen contend-
ing parties, with a view to reconciliation ; to intercede.
2. To be between two ; {little used.}
Me'DI-ATE, v. t, 1. To effect by mediation or interposition
between parties. 2. To limit by something in the middle ;
lobs.-]
Me'DI-ATE-LY, ado. By means or by a secondary cause,
actingbetween the first cause and the effect.
ME-DI-A'TION, ?i. [Fr.J 1. Interposition ; intervention ;
agency between parties at variance, with a view to recon-
cile them 2. Agency interposed ; intervenient power.
3. Intercession; entreaty for another.
ME'-DI-A-TOR, n. [Fr. mediateur.] 1. One ^hat interposes
between parcies at variance for the purpose of reconciling
them. — 2. By way of eminence, Christ is the mediivtor.
"Christ is a mediator by nature, as partaking of both
natures, divine and human ; and mediator by office, aa
transacting matters between God and man." fVatcrland.
ME-DI-A-To'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a mediator. {Medi-
atory is not used.]
ME-DI-a'TOR-SHIP, w. The office of a mediator.
ME-DI-a'TRIX ^ ['"■' -^ female mediator. Ainswm-th.
MED'IC, n. A plant of the genus medicago.
MED'I-CA-BLE, a. That may be cured or healed.
MED'I-CAL, a. [L. medicus.] 1. Pertaining to the art of
healing diseases. 2. Medicinal ; containing that which
heals ; tending to cure.
MED'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of medicine ; accord-
ing to the rules of the healing art, or for the purpose of
healing. 2. In relation to the healing art.
MED'I-CA-MENT, n. [Fr.; L. medicamcntum.] Any thing
used for healing diseases or wounds ; a medicine ; a heal-
ing application.
MED-I-CA-MENT'ALj a. Relating to healing applications j
having the qualities of medicaments.
MED-I-CA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. After the manner of heal-
ing applications.
MED'I-CAS-TER, n. A quack. WTiitlock.
MED'I-CATE, V. t. [L. medico.] To tincture or impregnate
with any thing medicinal.
MED'I-€A-TED, pp. Prepared or furnished with any thing
medicinal.
MED'I-CA-TING, ppi\ Impregnating with medical sub-
stances ; preparing with any thing medicinal.
MED-I-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act or process of impregnating
with medicinal substances ; the inf^ision of medicinal vir-
tues. 2. The use of miedicine.
ME-DIC'I-NA-BLE, a. Having the properties of medicine j
medicinal. Bacon.
* ME-DICT-NAL, a. [L. medicinalis.] I. Having the prop-
erty of healing or of mitigating disease ; adapted to the
cure or alleviation of bodily disorders. 2. Pertaining to
medicine.
ME-DIC'I-NAL-LY. adv. 1. In the manner of medicine;
with medicinal qualities. 2. With a view to healing.
* MED'I-CLVE, 71. [L. medicina. Vulgarly and improperly
pronounced medJsn.] 1. Any substance, liquid or solid,
that has the property of curing or mitigating disease in
animals, or that is used for that purpose. 2. The art of
preventing, curing or alleviating the diseases of the
human body. 3. In the BVench sense, a physician ; [obs.]
t MED'I-ClJN'E, V. t. To affect or operate on as medi-
cine^
ME-Dl'E-TY, n. [Fr. mediete ; L. medietas.] The middle
state or part ; half; moiety. [Little used.] Brown.
Me'DIN, 71. A small coin.
ME-DI-0'€RAL, a. [h.mcdiocris.] Being of a middle qual-
ity ; indifferent; ordinary. [Rare.] Addison.
ME-DI-O-CRE', (me-de-6kr') a. [Fr., froml.. mediocris.] Of
moderate degree ; middle rate , middling.
t Me'DI-O-CRIST, n. A person of middling abilities.
ME-DI-OC'RI-TY, 71. [Jj. mediocritas.] 1. A middle state
or degree ; a moderate degree or rate 2. Moderation ;
temperance.
MED'I-TATE, v. i. [L. meditor ; Fr. mediter.] I. To dwell
on any thing in thought ; to contemplate ; to study ; to turn
or revolve any sulDJect in the mind. 2. To intend ; to
have in contemplation. Washington.
MED'I-TATE, v. t. 1. To plan by revolving in the mind ;
to contrive ; to intend. 2. To think on ; to revolve.
MED I-TA-TED, pp. Planned ; contrived.
MEDT-TA-TING, ppr. Revolving in the mind; contem-
plating ; contriving.
MED-I-Ta'TION, 7?. [L. meditatio.] Close or continued
thought; the turning or revolving -of a subject in the
mind ; serious contemplation.
MED'I-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Addicted to meditation. Ains-
worth. 2. Expressing meditation or design. Johnson.
t MED-I-TER-RaNE', ) a. [L. medius and terra.] 1
MED-I-TER-Ra'NE-AN, > Inclosed, or nearly inclosed
MED-I-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, ) with land. , 2. Inland ; le
mote from the ocean or sea.
ME'DI-Uai, 71. ,■ plu. Mediums ; media not being generally
though sometimes used. [L.] 1. In philosophy, the space oi
substance through which a body moves or passes to any
point. — 2. In logic, the mean or middle tenn of a syllogism j
or the middle term in an argument. — 3. Arithmetical medi-
um, that which is equally distant from each extreme. — 4.
Geometrical medium is that wiierein the same ratio is pre-
served between the first and second terms, as between the
second and third. Encyc. 5. The means or instrument by
which any thing is accomplished, conveyed or carried
on. 6. The middle place or degree ; the mean. 7. A
kind of printing paper of middle size.
MED'LAR, 71. [L. jnespilus.] A tree and its fruit.
* See Synopsis. McWE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
MEL
55i4
MEL
t MED'Ly' \ '"' *• '^'^ "*^ ' ^°* used, but hence,
MED'LEY, n. A mixture ; a mingled and c&nfused mass of
ingredients. Addison.
MED'LEY, a. Mingled ; confused [Little t^ed.] Dryden.
ME-DUL'LAR, } a. [li.meduUaris.] Pertaining to mar-
* MED'UL-LA-RY, J row ; consisting of marrow j resem-
bling manow.
ME-DUL'LIN, m. [h. raedulla.] The pith of the sunflower,
which has neither taste nor smell.
MEED, n. [Sax. med.] 1. Reward ; recompense ; that which
is bestowed or rendered in consideration of merit. 2. A
gift or present ; [obs.]
MEEK, a. [Sw. miuk ; Dan. myg ; ^p. mego ; Port, meigo.]
1. Mild of temper ; soft ; gentle ; not easily provoked or
irritated ; yielding ; given to forbearance under injuries.
2. Humble, in an evangelical sense ; submissive to the
divine wilU; not proud, self-sufficient or refractory.
t MEEK, V. t. [Su. Goth, moeka.] To humble. Wickliffe.
MEEK'EN, (me'kn) v. t. To make meek ; to soften ; to
render mild. Thomson.
MEEK'LY, adv. Mildly ; gently ; submissively ; humbly ;
not proudly or roughly. Spenser.
MEEK'NESS, n. 1. Softness of temper j mildness; gentle-
ness ; forbearance under injuries and provocations. — 2. In
an evangelical sense, humility ; resignation ; submission
to the divine will, without murmuring or peevishness.
MEER, a. Simple ; unmixed ; usually written mere.
MEER, n. A lake ; a boundary. See Mere.
MEERED, a. Relating to a boundary. [See Mere.] Shale.
MEER'SCHAUM, n. [G. sea-foam.] A hydrate of magnesia
combined with silex.
MEET, a. [Sax. gemet.] Fit ; suitable ; proper; qualified ;
convenient ; adapted, as to a use or purpose.
MEET, V. t. : pret. and pp.mei. [Sax. metau, mcetan, geme-
tan.] 1. To come together, approaching in opposite or
different directions ; to come face to face. 2. To come
together in any place. 3. To come together in hostility;
tu encounter. 4. To encounter unexpectedly. 5. To
come together in extension ; to come in contact ; to join.
6. To come to ; to find ; to light on ; to receive.
MEET, V. i. 1. To come together or to approach near, or
into company with. 2. To come together in hostility ; to
encounter. 3. To assemble ; to congregate. 4. To come
together by being extended ; to come in contact ; to join.
— To meet with. 1. To light on ; to find ; to come to ; often
with the sense of an unexpected event. 2. To join ; to
unite in company. 3. To suffer unexpectedly. 4. To
encounter ; to engage in opposition. 5. To obviate ; a
Latlnism. — To meet half tcay, to approach from equal
distances and meet ; 7netapho'rically, to make mutual and
equal concessions, each party renouncing some preten-
sions.
MEET'ER, n. One that meets another ; one that accosts
another. Shak.
MEET'ING , ppr. Coming together ; encountering ; joining ;
assembling.
MEET'ING, n. 1. A coming together; an interview. 2.
An assembly ; a congregation ; a collection of people ; a
convention. 3. A conflux, as of rivers ; a joining, as of
lines,
MEET'ING-HOLTSE, n. A place of worship; a church.
MEET'LY, adv. Fitly ; suitably; properly.
MEET'NESS, 7i. Fitness; suitableness; propriety.
MEG'A-6'OSM, n. [Gr. fxeyag and /cotr/^oj.] The great
world.
MEG-A-LON'YX, n. [Gr. fxtyaXr} and ovvl.] An animal
now extinct, whose bones have been found in Virginia.
t MEG-A-LOP'0-LIS, n. [Gr. lAeyaXr] and iroXis.] A chief
city ; a metropolis. Herbert.
MEG-A-THe'RI-UM, I n. [Gr. fieyas and 0?7pa.] A quad-
ME-GATH'E-RY, \ raped now extinct.
Me'GRIM, n. [Fr. migraine.] A disorder of the head ; ver-
tigo. Bacon.
f Mi5INE, V. t. [Sax. mengan.] To mingle. Chaucer.
f MeINE, or t Me'NY, n. A retinue or family of servants;
domestics. Shak.
MET'O-N [TE, 71. Prismato-pyramidical feldspar.
MEI-oSrS, n. [Gr. fxeioyrxtg.] Diminution; a rhetorical
figure, a species of hyperbole, representing a thing less
than it is. Beattie.
MEL'AM-PODE, n. [Gr. /isXa/iTro^tov.] The black helle-
bore. Spenser.
ME-LAN'A-GOGUE, (me-lan'a-gog) n. [Gr. ^eXaj, fxekavog
and ayiy).] A medicine supposed to expel black bile or
choler. [Old.}
■f-MEL-AN-CHo'LI-AN, n. The same with melancholic.
MEL'AN-€HOL-ie, a. 1. Depressed in spirits; affected
with gloom ; dejected ; hypochondriac. 2. Produced by
melancholy ; expressive of melancholy ; mournful. 3.
Unhappy ; unfortunate ; causing sorrow.
MEL'AN-eHOL-I€, n. 1. One affected with a gloomy
state of mind ; [melancholian, in a like sense, is not
used ] 2 A gloomy state of mind.
MEL'AN-€HOL-I-LY, adv. With melancholy. Keepe.
MEL'AN-€HOL-I-NESS, n. State of being melancholy
disposition to indulge gloominess of mind.
t MEL-AN-€Ho'LI-OUS, ffi. Gloomy. Qower.
MEL'AN-€HOL-IST, n. One affected with melancholy.
MEL'AN-€HO-LlZE, «. i. To become gloomy in mind.
{ MEL'AN-€HO-LlZE, v. t. To make melancholy. More.
MEL'AN-CHOL-Y, n. [Gr. ^izKav and -xoXri ; L. melancho-
lia.] A gloomy state of mmd, often a gloomy state that
is of some continuance, or habitual ; depression of spirits
induced by grief; dejection of spirits.
MEL'AN-€HOL-Y, a. 1. Gloomy ; depressed in spirits ;
dejected. 2. Dismal ; gloomy ; habitually dejected. 3.
Calamitous ; afflictive ; that may or does produce great
evil and grief.
ME-LANGE', (me-lanje') n. [Fr.] A mixture.] JVoi Eng-
lish.]
MEL'A-NITE, n. [Gr. jUfXaf.] A mineral.
MEL-A-NIT'I€, a. Pertaining to melanite.
MEL'AN-TER-1, 71. [Gr. //sXav.] Salt of iron.
MEL-A-Nu'Ru's 1 '"" ^ ^™^^1 fish of the Mediterranean.
MEL'I-LOT, 71. [Fr.] A plant of the genus trifolium.
* MeL'IO-RATE, (meel'yo-rate) v. t. [Fr. ameliorer ; It.
migliorare.] To make better; to improve.
* MeL'IO-RATE, (meel'yo-rate) v. i. To grow better.
* MeL'IO-RA-TED, (meel'yo-ra-ted) pp. Made better ; im-
proved.
* MeL'IO-RA-TING, (meel'yo-ra-ting) ppr. Improving |
adjancing in good qualities.
* MeL-10-Ra'T10N, (meel-yo-ra'shun) n. The act or oper-
ation of making better ; improvement.
t MeL-IOR'I-TY, n. The state of being better. Bacon.
fMELL, V. i. [Fr. miler.] To mix ; to meddle. Spenser.
MELL, n. [L. mel,] Honey. [JVot English.]
MEL'LATE, 7?. [L. mel.] A combination of the mellitie
acid with a base.
MEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L.meZ and/e7-o.] Producing honey.
MEL-LI-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. mellifico.] The making or
production of honey.
MEL-LIF'LU-ENCE, 71. [li.mel&nAfiuo.] A flow of sweet-
ness, or a sweet, smooth flow. Watts.
MEL-LIF'LU-ENT, ; a. Flowing with honey ; smooth :
MEL-LIF'LU-OUS, \ sweetly flowing.
MEL'IilT, n. In farriery, a dry scab on the heel of a horse's
fore foot, cured by a mixture of honey and vinegar.
MEL'LITE, 71. [li.mel.] Honey-stone, a mineral.
MEL-LIT'I€, a. Pertaining to honey-stone.
MEE'LoW, a. [Sax. melewe ; G. mehl.] 1. Soft with ripe ■
ness ; easily yielding to pressure. 2. Soft to the ear. 3
Soft ; well pulverized ; not indurated or compact. 4. Soft
and smooth to the taste. 5. Soft with liquor ; intoxicated ;
merryj 6. Soft or easy to the eye.
MEL'LoW, V. t. 1. To ripen ; to bring to maturity ; to
soften by ripeness or age. 2. To soften ; to pulverize. 3.
To mature ; to bring to perfection.
MEL'LoW, V. i. To become soft ; to be ripened, matured or
broagiJt to perfection.
MEL'LoW-NESS, n. I. Softness ; the quality of yielding
easily to pressure ; ripeness, as of fruit. 2. Maturity ;
softnejs or smoothness from age, as of wine.
MEL'LoW-Y, ffl. Soft; unctuous. Drayton.
MEL-0-€0-ToNE', n. [Sp. melocoton.] A quince. But
the name is sometimes given to a large kind of peach.
* ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Containing melody ; rhusical ; agreea-
ble to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds.
*ME-Lo'DI-0US-LY, adv. In a melodious manner.
* ME-Lo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being agreeable
to the ear by a sweet succession of sounds ; musicalness.
MEL'O-DlZE, V. t. To make melodious.
MEL'O-DRAME, n. [Gr. ixeXog, and drama.] A dramatic
performance in which songs are intermixed.
MEL'O-DY, n. [Gr. //£Aw(5ja.] An agreeable succession of
sounds ; a succession of sounds so regulated and modu-
lated as to please the ear. Melody differs from harmony,
as it consists in the agreeable succession and modulation
of sounds by a single voice ; whereas harmony consists in
the accordance of different voices or sounds.
MEL'ON, ri. [Fr, ; L. 7?ieZo / Sp. TKcZoTi.] The name of cer-
tain plants and their fruit.
MEL'ON-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus cactus.
MEL'ROSE, 71. [L. mel, and rose.] Honey of roses.
MELT, V. t. [Sax. meltan ; Gr. fj.e'XSo) ; D. smelten.] 1.
To dissolve ; to make liquid ; to liquefy ; to reduce from a
solid to a liquid or flowing state by heat. 2. To dissolve ;
to reduce to first principles, 3. To soften to love or ten-
derness. 4. To waste away ; to dissipate. 5. To dis-
hearten. Josh. xiv.
MELT, V. i. 1. To become liquid ; to dissolve ; to be
changed from a fixed or solid to a flowing state. 2. To
be softened to love, pity, tenderness or sympathy; to be-
&^ Synopsis, a, E, I, O, tr, Y, long.-FK R, FALL, WH^T j-PRgY ;-PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- t Obsolete
MEN
S25
MEN
come tender, mild or gentle. Shak. 3. To be dissolved ;
to lose substance. 4. To be subdued by affliction ; to sink
into weakness. 5. To faint 3 to be discouraged or dis-
heartened.
MELT'ED, pp. Dissolved ; made liquid ; softened ; discour-
aged.
MELT'ER, n. One that melts any thing. Derham.
MELT'ING, ppr. 1. Dissolving ; liquefying ; softening ;
discouraging. 2. a. Tending to soften; softening into
tenderness.
MELT'ING, n. The act of softening ; the act of rendering
tender. South.
MELT'ING-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to melt or soften. 2.
Like something melting. Sidney.
MELT'ING-NESS, n. The power of melting or softening.
MEL'WEL, n. A fish.
MEM'BER, n. [Fr. mevibre ; L. membrum.] 1. A limb of
animal bodies. 2. A part of a discourse, or of a period or
sentence ; a clause ; a part of a verse. — 3. In architecture,
a subordinate part of a building, as a frieze or cornice ;
sometimes a molding. 4. An individual of a community
or society. 5. The appetites and passions, considered
as tempting to sin, Rom. vii.
MEM'BERED, a. Having limbs.
MEM'BER-SHIP, n. 1. The state of being 3 member. 2.
Community; society, Beaumont.
MEM'BRANE, n. [Fr,; L, membrana.] In anatomy, a thin,
white, flexible skin, formed by fibres interwoven like
net-work, and serving to cover some part of the body.
BIEM-BRa'NE-OUS, MEM'BRA-NOUS, or MEM-BRA-
Na'CEOUS, a. 1, Belonging to a membrare ; consisting
of membranes. — 2. In botany, a membranaceous leaf has
no distinguishable pulp between the two surfaces.
MEM-BRa'NI-FORM, a. Having the form of a membrane
or of parchment.
ME-MENT'O, n. [L.] A hint, suggestion, notice or memo-
rial to awaken memory ; that wliich reminds.
* MEM'OIR, (me-moir', or mem'wor) n. [Fr. memoirs.'] 1.
A species of history written by a person who had some
share in the transactions related, 2, A history of trans-
actions in which some person had a principal share, is
called his memoirs, though compiled or written by a dif-
ferent hand, 3. The history of a society, or the journals
and proceedings of a society. 4. A written account ; reg-
iVIEM'0-RA-BLE, a. [Fr,; L, memorabilis.] Worthy to be
remembered ; illustrious ; celebrated ; distinguished.
MEM'O-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy to be remem-
bered.
M£M-0-RAN'DUM, n.; plu. Memorandums, or Memo-
randa, [L,] A note to help the memory
t MEM'0-RATE, v. t."
thing.
MEM'O-RA^TiVE, a. Adapted or tending to preserve the
memory of any thing. Hammond.
ME-Mo'RI-AL, a. [Fr.; L. memorialis.] 1. Preservative
of memory. 2. Contained in memory. Watts.
ME-Mo'RI-AL, n. 1. That which preserves the memory
of something , any thing that serves to keep in memory.
2, Any note or hint to assist the memory, 3, A written
representation of facts, made to a legislative or other
body as the ground of a petition, or a representation of
facts accompanied with a petition.
ME-Mo'RI-AL-IST, n. 1. One who writes a memorial. 2.
One who presents a memorial to a legislative or any other
body_^ or to a person. United States.
ME-Mo'RI-AL-iZE, v. t. To present a memorial ; to peti-
tion by memorial. United States.
t MEM'0-RIST, n. One who causes to be remembered,
MEM'O-RiZE, V. t. 1, To record ; to commit to memory by
writing, 2, To cause to be remembered.
MEM'O-RY, n. [L. memoria ; Fr. mcmoire.] I. The fac-
•ilty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of
past events, or ideas which are past, A distinction is
made between memory and recollection. Memory retains
past ideas without any, or with little effort ; recollection
implies an effort to recall ideas that are past, 2, A re-
taining of past ideas in the mind ; remembrance, 3, Ex-
emption from oblivion. 4, Tlie time within which past
events can be remembered or recollected, or the time
within which a person may have knov/ledge of what is
past. 5. Memorial ; monumental record ; that which
calls to remembrance. 6, Reflection ; attention,
t MEM'O-RY, V. t. To lay up in the mind or memory,
MEMPH'I-AN, a [from Memphis.] Pertaining to Memphis ;
very dark,
MEN, pZu, of man. 1. Two or more males, individuals of
the human race. 2. Males of bravery. 3. Persons; peo-
ple ; mankind ; in an indefinite sense.
MEN' ACE, V. t. [Fr. inenacer.] 1, To threaten ; to express
or show a disposition or determination to inflict punish-
ment or other evil, 2. To show or manifest the probabil-
ity of future evil or danger to. 3. To exhibit the appear-
ance of any catastrophe to come.
[L. memoro.] To make mention of a
MEN'ACE, n. 1. A threat or threatening ; the declaration
or show of a disposition or determination to inflict an
evil. 2. The show of a probable evil or catastrophe to come
MEN'ACED, pp. Threatened.
MEN'A-CER, n. One that tlneatens,
MEN^A-CHA-NITE, n. An oxyd of titanium, a mineral.
MEN-A-€HA-NIT'I€, a. Pertaining to menachanite,
MEN'A-CING, ppr. 1. Threatening ; declaring a determi-
nation to inflict evil, 2, a. Exhibiting the danger or prob-
ability of an evil to come.
MEN-AGE', (men-azhe') n. [Fr.] A collection of brute an-
imals.
* MEN-aG'ER-Y, (men-azh'er-e) n. [Fr. menagene ] A
yard or place in which wild animals are kept, or a col-
lection of wild animals.
MEN'A-GOGUE, (men'a-gog) n. [Gr. jxrivsi and ayw."! A
medicine that promotes the menstrual flux.
MEN'ALD, ) 71. A term applied to deer whose skins are
MEN'ILD, \ beautifully variegated.
MEND, V. t. [L. emeiido ; Fr. amenda .] 1. To repair, as a
breach ; to supply a part broken or defective. 2. To cor-
rect ; to set right ; to alter for the better. 3. To repair ;
to restore to a sound state. 4. To help ; to advance ; to
make better. 5, To improve ; to hasten.
MEND, V. i. To grow better; to advance to a better state ;
to improve.
MEND'A-BLE, a. Capable of being mended.
MEN-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. mendax.] Lying; false. [L. m,]
MEN-DAC'I-TY, n. Falsehood, Broton.
MEND'ED, pp. Repaired ; made better ; improved.
MEND'ER, n. One who mends or repairs.
MEND'I-€AN-CY, a. [L. mendicans.] Beggary ; a state of
begging.
MEND'I-CANT, a. [L. mendicans.] 1, Begging; poor to
a state of beggary. 2. Practicing beggary.
MEND'I-CANT, n. A beggar ; one that makes it his busi-
ness to beg alms ; one of the begging fraternity of the
Romish church.
t MEND'I-CATE, v. t. To beg, or practice begging.
MEN-DIC'I-TY, n. [L. mendicitas,] The state of begging ;
the life of a beggar,
t MEND'MENT, for amendment.
t MENDS, for amends. Shak.
MEN-Ha'DEN, n. A species offish,
Me'NI-AL, a. [Norm, meignal, meynal.] 1. Pertaining to
servants, or domestic servants ; low ; mean. Swift. 2
Belonging to the retinue or train of servants.
Me'NI-AL, n. A domestic servant,
MEN'I-LITE, 71, A mineral substance,
ME-NIN'GES, 71, [Gr. neviyyos.] The two membranes that
envelop the brain, which are called the pia mater, and
dura mater,
ME-NIS'CUS, n.',pln. Meniscuses. [Gr. ju?7vtcr/cof.] A lens
convex on one side, and concave on the other.
MEN-I-SPERM'ATE, n. A compound of menispermic acid
and a salifiable base.
MEN-I-SPERM'IC, a. The menispermic acid is obtained
from the seeds of the menispermum cocculus.
MEN'I-VER, n. A small white animal in Russia, or its fur,
which is very fine. Chaucer.
ME-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. fjmv, nrjvog and Xoyog.] 1. A regis-
ter of months. — 2, In the Greek church ^ martyr ology, or a
brief calendar of the lives of the saints.
MEN'oW, n. [Fr. menu.] A small fish, the minnow.
MEN'PLeAS-ER, n. One who is solicitous to please men,
rather than to please God.
MEN'SAL, a. [L. mensalis.] Belonging to the table ; trans-
acted at table. {Little used.] Clarissa.
f MENSE, 71. [HdiK. menneseT] Propriety ; decency ; man -
ners.
t MENSE'FUL, a. Graceful ; mannerly.
t MENSE'LESS, a. Without civility ; void of decency or
propriety.
MEN'STRU-AL, a. [Fr.; L. menstrualis.] 1. Monthly ;
happening once a month. 2. Lasting a month. 3. Per-
taining to a menstruum.
MEN'STRU-ANT, a. Subject to monthly flowings.
MEN'STRU-OUS, a. [L. menstrmis.] 1, Having the
monthly flow or discharge, as a female. 2. Pertaining
to the monthly flow of females.
MEN'STRU-UM, n.; plu. Menstruums. [from L. mends.]
A dissolvent or solvent ; any fluid or subtilized substance
whicli dissolves a solid body.
* MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, 71, Capacity of being measured,
*MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [L, mensura.] Measurable; capable
of being measured. Holder.
* MEN'SU-RAL, a. Pertaining to measure.
* MEN^SU-RATE, v. t. [L. mensura.] To measure. [L. m.]
* MEN-SU-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The act, process or art of meas-
uring or taking the dimensions of any thing. 2. Meas-
ure ; the result of measuring.
MEN'TAL, a. [It, mcntale ; Fr. mental.] Pertaining to the
mind; intellectual. Addison.
^ee Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — ^e as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tJds. t Obsolete
MER t
MEN'TAL-LY, adv. Intellectually ; in the mind ; in thought
or meditation ; in idea. Bentley.
AIEN'TION, 71. [Fr.; L. mentio.] A hint ; a suggestion 5 a
brief notice or remark expressed in words or writing.
BIEN'TION, V. U [Fr. mcntionner.} To speak 5 to name ;
to utter a brief remark; to state a particular fact, or to
express it in writing. It is applied to something thrown
in or added incidentally in a discourse or writing, and
thus differs from the sense oi relate, recite and narrate.
MEN'TIONED, pp. Named; stated.
MEX'TION-ING, ppr. Naming ; uttering.
MEN-To'RI-AL, a. [Mentor.'] Containing advice.
ME-PHIT'I€, ) a. [L: mepJiitis.] Offensive to the smell ;
ME-PHIT'I-CAL, ^ foul ; poisonous ; noxious ; pestilen-
tial ; destructive ,0 life. — Mephitic acid is carbonic acid.
MEPH'I-TIS, ) n. Foul, offensive or noxious exhalations
MEPH'I-TISM, \ from dissolving substances, tilth or other
source ; also, carbonic acid gas.
t ME-Ra'CJOUS, a. [L. meracus.] Strong : racy.
t MER'€A-BLE, a. TL. mercor.] To be sold or bought.
t MER-€AN-TANTE', n. [It. mercatante.] A foreign trad-
er. Shak.
* MER'€AN-TlLE, a. [It. and Fr.; L. mercans.] 1. Trad-
ing ; commercial ; carrying on cominerce. 2. Pertaining
or relating to commerce or trade.
tMER'€AT, 7!. [L. mercatus.] Market; trade. Sprat.
\ MER'€A-TURE, n. [L. mercatura.] The practice of buy-
ing and selling.
MER'CE-NA-RI-LY, adv. In a mercenary manner.
MER'CE-NA-RI-NESS, n. Venality ; regard to hire or re-
ward. Boyle.
MER'CE-NA-RY, a. [Fr. mercenaire ; L. mercenarius.] 1.
Venal ; that may be hired ; actuated by the hope of re-
ward ; moved by the love of money. 2. Hired ; purchas-
ed by money. 3. Sold for money. 4. Greedy of gain ;
mean ; selfish. 5. Contracted from motives of gain.
MER'CE-NA-RY, n. One who is hired ; a soldier that is
hired into foreign service ; a hh-eling.
MER'CER, n. [Fr. mercier.] One who deals in silks.
How el.
MER'OER-SHIP, 71. The business of a mercer.
MER'CER- Y, 71. [Fr. mercerie.] The commodities or goods
in which a mercer deals ; trade of mercers.
t IMER'CHAND', v. i. [Fr. marchavxter.'] To trade. Bacon.
t MER'CHAN-DA-BLE, a. That may be transacted by
traffick.
MER'CHAN-DlSE, 71. [Fr.] 1. The objects of commerce;
wares, goods, commodities, whatever is usually bought or
sold in trade. 2. Trade ; traffick ; commerce.
MER'CHAN-BISE, v. i. To trade ; to carry on commerce.
t MER'CHAN-DRY, n. Trade ; commerce. Saxuidcrson.
MER'CHANT, 71. [Fr. marchavd; It. mere ante ; Sp. jner-
c/iante.] 1. A man who trafficks or carries on trade with
foreign countries, or who exports and imports goods and
sells them by wholesale. — 2. In popular usage, any trad-
er, or one who deals in the purchase and sale of goods.
3. A ship in trade ; [ois.]
t MERCHANT, v. i. To trade.
MER'CHANT-A-BLE, a. Fit for market ; such as is usu-
ally sold in market, or such as will bring the ordinary
price.
MER'CHANT-MAN, 71. A ship or vessel employed in the
transportation of goods, as distinguished from a ship of war.
t MER'CIA-BLE, a. Merciful. Qoicer.
iVIER'CI-FUL, a. 1. Having or exercising mercy ; compas-
sionate ; tender ; disposed to pity offenders, and to for-
give their offenses ; unvdlling to punish for injuries. 2.
Compassionate ; tender ; unwilling to give pain ; not
cruel.
MER'CI-FUL-LY, adv. With compassion or pity ; tender-
ly ; mildly.
MER'CI-FUL-NESS, n. Tenderness towards offenders ;
willingness to forbear punishment ; readiness to forgive.
f MER'CI-FY, V. t. To pity. Spenser.
MER'CI-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of mercy ; unfeeling; piti-
less ; hard-hearted ; cruel. 2. Not sparing.
MER'CI-LESS-LY, adv. In a manner void of mercy ; cru-
ellv.
MER'CI-LESS-NESS, n. Want of mercy or pity.
MER-€U'RI-AL, a. [L. mercui-ialis.] 1. Formed under the
influence of Mercury ; active ; sprightly ; full of fire or
vigor. Sicift. 2. Pertaining to quicksilver; containing
quicksilver, or consisting of mercury.
MER-€u'RI-AL-IST, t;. One under the influence of Mer-
cury, or one resembling Mercury in variety of character.
t MER-€u'RI-AL-lZE, v.-i. To be humorous, new-fangled,
fantastical; to prattle overmuch. Cotcrrave.
MER-€u'RI-ATE, n. A combination of the oxyd of mercu-
rv with another substance.
MER-eu'RI€ ACID, 71. A saturated combination of mercury
and oxygen.
MEr?-eU-RI-FI-€A'TIDN, n. 1. In metallurgic chemistry.
5 MER
the process of obtaining the mercury from metallic mine-
rals in its fluid form. 2. The act of mixing with quick-
silver._
MER-€U'RI-FY, v. t. To obtam mercury from metaUic
minerals. Encyc.
MER'€U-RY, 71. [L. Mercuriits.] 1. Quicksilver, a metal
remarkable for its fusibility. 2. Heat of constitutional
temperament ; spirit ; sprightly qualities. 3. A genus of
plants. 4. One of the planets nearest the sun. 5. The
name of a newspaper or periodical publication.
MER'€U-RY, V. t. To wash with a preparation of mercury.
B. Jonson.
MER'eU-RY'fS FIN'GER, n. Wild saffron.
MER'CY, n. [Fr. raerci.] 1. That benevolence, mildness
or tenderness of heart, which disposes a person to overlook
injuries, or to treat an offender better than he deserves
There is, perhaps, no word in our language precisely sy-
nonymous v/ith mercy. That which comes nearest to it
is grace. It imphes benevolence, tenderness, mildness,
pity or compassion, and clemency, but exercised only to-
wards offenders. 2. An act or exercise of mercy or favor.
3. Pity ; compassion manifested towards a person in dis-
tress. 4. Clemency and bounty. 5. Charity, or the du-
ties of charity and benevolence. 6. Grace ; favor. 1 Cor. vii.
7. Eternal life, the fruit of mercy. 2 Tim. i. 8. Pardon. 9.
The act of sparing, or the forbearance of a violent act ex-
pected. — To be or to lie at the mercy of, to have no means
of self-defense.
MERCY-SkAT, 7!. The propitiatory ; the covering of the
ark of the covenant among the Jews.
MERD, 71. [Fr. merde ; L. merda.} Ordure ; dung. Bur-
ton.
MERE, a. [L. menis ; It. mero.'] I. This or that only;
distinct from any tiling else. 2. Absolute ; entire.
MERE, n. [Sax. mcere, or mere.] A pool or lake.
MERE, 71. LSax. mccra, gemcera.] A boundary ; used chief-
Ijr in the compound, mere-stone. Bacon.
fMERE, V. t. To divide, limit or bound. Spenser.
MeRE'LY, adv. Purely ; only ; solely ; thus and no otlier
way ; for this and no other purpose. Swift.
MER-E-TRi'CIOUS, a. [L. meretricius.] 1. Pertaining to
prostitutes ; such as is practiced by harlots. 2. Alluring
by false show ; v/orn for disguise ; having a gaudy but
deceitful appearance : false.
MER-E-TRi"CIOUS-LY, adv. In the manner of prosti-
tutes ; with deceitful enticements.
MER-E-TRi"CIOUS-NESS, n. The aiTs of a prostitute ; de-
ceitful enticements.
MER-GAN'SER, n. [Sp. mergansar.] A water fowl.
IMERGE, V. t. [L. mergo.] To immerse ; to cause to be
swallowed up. Kent.
MERGE. V. i. To be sunk, swallowed or Ics-t. Law Term.
MERG'ER, 71. [L. mergo.] In law, a merging or drowning
of a less estate in a greater.
* ME-RID'I-AN, 71. [Fr. meridien ; It. meridiano ; L. merid-
ics.] 1. In ast?-o?io?n7/ and o-co^7-tt;//i7/, a great circle sup-
posed to be drawn or to pass through the poles of the
earth, and the zenith and nadir of any given place, inter-
secting the equator at right angles, and dividing the hem-
isphere into eastern and western. 2. Mid-day; noon.
3. The highest point. 4. The particular place or state,
with regard to local circumstances or things that distin-
guish it from others. — Magnetic meridian, a great circle,
parallel with the direction of the magnetic needle, and
passing through its poles.
* ME-RID'I-AN, a. 1. Being on the meridian or at mid-day.
2. Pertaining to the meridian or to mid-day. 3. Pertain-
ing to the highest point. 4. Pertaining to the magnetic
meridian.
ME-RID'I-O-NAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Pertaining to the meridian,
2. Southern. 3. Southerly; having a southern aspect. —
Meridional distance is the departure from the meridian, or
easting or westing.
ME-RID-I-O-NAL'I-TY, 7t. 1. The state of being in the me-
ridian. 2. Position in the south ; aspect towards the
south.
ME-RID/I-O-NAL-LY, adv. In the direction of the meridi-
an. Broicn.
MER'ILS, 71. [Fr. merelles.] A boyish game, called five-
penvy morris. See Mokris.
MER'IT, 7?. [L. meritum; It., Sp. merito ; Fr. merite.] 1.
Desert ; goodness or excellence which entitles one to honor
or reward ; worth ; any performance or worth which
claims regard or compensation. 2. Value ; excellence.
3. Reward deserved ; that which is earned or merited.
MER'IT, v. t. [Fr. meriter ; L. merito.] I. To deserve ; to
earn by active service, or by any valuable performance ;
to have a right to claim reward in money, regard, honor
or happiness. 2. To deserve ; to have a just title to.
3. To desei-ve, in an ill sense ; to have a just title to.
t MER'IT-A-BLE, a. Desei-ving of reward. B. Jonscu.
MER'IT-ED, pp. Earned ; deserved.
MER'IT-ING, j)pr. Earning ; deserving.
* See Synopsis.
E, T, O, t}, ^, long.— FAR, TALI., WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
MES
527
^ I MET
MER'IT-MoN-GER, n. One who' advocates the doctrine of
human merit, as entitled to reward. Milne)-.
MER-I-To'RI-OUS, a. [It. meriturio ; Fr. meritoire.] De-
Berviiig of reward or of notice, regard, fame or happi-
ness.
MER-I-To'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In such a manner as to de-
serve reward. Wotton.
MER-I-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of de-
serving a reward or suitable return.
t MER'I-TO-RY, a. Deserving of reward. Gower.
MER'I-TOT, n. A kind of play used by children, in swing-
ing themselves on ropes or the like, till they are giddy.
MERLE, n. [L. merula.'] A blackbird. Drayton.
MER'LIN, n. [Fr.] A species of hawk.
MER'LON, 71. [It. merlo ; Fr. merlon.] In foriificatioyi, thai,
part of a parapet which lies between two embrasures.
Encyc.
MER'MaID, n. [Fr. mer, L. -mare, and maid.] A marine
animal, said to resemble a woman in the upper parts of
the body, and a fish in the lower part. The male is called
tlie merman.
MER'BlAlD'S TRUM'PET, ?!.. A kind of fish AinswortJi.
ME'ROPS, n. A genus of birds called ■&ce-eafer5.
MER'RI-LY, adv. With mirth ; with gayety and laughter ;
jovially. Glanville.
MER'RI-MAKE, n. A meeting for mirth ; a festival ;
mirth.
MER'RI-MAKE, v. i. To be mejry or jovial ; to feast.
MER'RI-MENT, n. Mirth ; gayety witli laughter or noise ;
noisy sports ; hilarity -, frolick. Milton.
MER'RI-NESS, n. Mirth ; gayety with laughter.
MER'RY, a. [Sax. mirige, m.yrig.] 1. Ga>y and noisy ; jo-
vial ; exhilarated to laughter. 2. Causing la,ughter or
mirth. 3. Brisk. 4. Pleasant : agreeable ; delightful. —
To make merry, Xo be jovial j to indulge in hilarity ; to
feast with mirth. Judges ix.
MER'RY, n. The common, wild, red cherry.
MER'RY-AN'DREW, n. A butfoon ; a zany ; one whose
business is to make sport for others.
MER'RY-MaK-ING, a. Producirg mirth. Hillhousc.
MER'RY-MEET-ING, n. A festival ; a meeting for mirth.
MER'RY-THOUGHT, n. The forked bone of a fowl's
breast, which boys and girls break by pulling each one
side ; the longest part broken betokening priority of mar-
riage. Echard.
MER'SION, 71. [li.mersio.] The act of sinking or plung-
ing under water.
MES-A-Ra'I€, a. [Gr. fjLeaafiaiov.] The same as mesenteric ;
pertaining to the mesentery.
ME-SEEjMS', verb impersonal. [7?i,J and seems.] It seems to
me. It is used also in the past tense, meseemed. Spen-
ser.
MES-EN-TER'I€, a. Pertaining to the mesentery.
MES'EN-TER-Y, 71. [Gr. ixcaevTspiov.] A fatty membrane
placed in the middle of the intestines, and to which they
are attached.
MESH, 71. [W. masg ; G. masche.] 1. The opening or
space between the threads of a net. 2. The grains or
wash of a brewery.
MESH, V. t. To catch in a net; to insnare. Drayton.
MESHY, a. Formed like net-work ; reticulated.
MES'LIN, 71. [Fr. rnesler, meler.] A mixture of diflferent
sorts of gi-ain ; in America, a mixture of wheat and rye.
MESNE, (meen) a. [Old Fr.] In la^o, middle ; interven-
ing; as a vicsne lord, that is, a lord which holds land of
a superior, but giants a part of it to another person.
MES'0-€0-LON, n. [Gr. jxscjos, and colon.] In anatomy,
a part of the mesentery.
MES-0-LEu'GYS, n. TGr. fieffog and 'XevKog.] A precious
stone with a streak of white in the middle.
MES'0-LITE, n. A mineral of the zeolite family.
MES-0-LOG'A-RITHM, n. [Gr. i^eoog, and logarithm.] A
logarithm of the co-sines and co-tangents. Hai-ris.
ME-SOM'E-LAS, n. [Gr. n(.(xog and /-ttXaj.] A precious
stone. "
7,IES'0-TYPE, n. [Gr. ixEaog and rvnog.] A mineral.
t MES-PRlSE', 7*. Contempt ; a French word.
MESS, n. \Fx.mets; Goth. 7?ies.] 1. A dish or a quanti-
ty of food prepared or set on a table at one time. 2. A
medley ; a mixed mass ; a quantity. 3. As much prov-
ender or grain as is given to a beast at once. 4. A num-
ber of persons who eat together; among seamen and
soldiers.
MES3,^•. i. 1. To eat; to feed. 2. To associate at the
same table ; to eat in company, as seamen.
MESS, V. t. To supply with a mess.
MES'SAGE, 71. [Fr.] 1. Any notice, word or communica-
tion, written or verbal, sent from one person to another.
9. An official written communication of facts or opinions
sent by a chief magistrate to the two houses of a legisla-
ture or other deliberative body. 3. An official verba]
communication from one branch of a legislature to the
other.
MES''SA-6ER, ) n. [Fr. messagcr.] 1. One who bears a
MES'SEN-GER, ] message or an errand. 2. A harbinger
a forerunner ; he or that which foreshows.
MES-Si'AH, n. [Heb. pv^o, anointed.] Christ, the Anoint-
ed ; the Savior of the world.
MES-Sl'AH-SHIP, 71. The character, state or office of the
Savior. Buckminster.
*MES'SIEURS, (mesh'sheerz) 7?.. [Fr. ; plu. of monsieur, my
lord.] Sirs ; gentlemen.
MESS'-MATE, n. An associate in eating.
MESS'UAGE, (mes'swaje) n. [from Old Fr. meson, meson-
age.] In law, a dwelling-house and adjoining land,
appropriated to the use of the household, including the
adjacent buildings.
ME-SYM'NI-€UM', n. A repetition at the end ot a stanza
MET, n. A measure. Grose.
MET, pret. and pp. of meet.
ME-TAB'A-SIS, n. [Gr.] In r/teforxc, transition ; a pass-
ing from one thing to another.
ME-TAB'O-LA, n. [Gr. j-izra and poXrj.] In medicine, a
cliange of air, time or disease. [L. u.] Diet.
MET-A-€aRP'AL, a. Belonging to the metacarpus.
MET-A-€ARP'IJS, n. [Gr. ixoTaKaptriov.] In anatomy, the
part of the hand between the wrist and the fingers.
ME-TA€H'RO-NISM, 7i. [Gr. ixera and %()ovof .] An error
iji chronology, by placing an event after its real time.
Mk'TAGE, n. Measurement of coal ; price of measuring.
MET-A-GRAM'MA-TISM, n. [Gr. fJiETa and ypajxfia.] An-
agrammatism, or metagrammatism, is a transposition of the
letters of a name into such a connection as to express
some perfect sense applicable to the person named. Canv-
den.
MET'AL, (met'tl) n. [Fr. ; 'h.metallum.] 1. A simple, fixed,
shining, opake body or rmbstance, insoluble in water, fusi-
ble by heat, a good conductor of heat and electricity,
capable, when in the state of an oxyd, of uniting with
acids and forming with them metallic salts. 2. Courage ;
spirit; so v/ritten. by mistake, for mefiZe.
MET-A-LEP'SIS, n. [Gr. utraXrincig.] In rhetoric, the con-
tinuation of a trope in one word through a succession of
significations. Bailey.
MET-A-LEP'TI€, a. 1. Pertaining to a metalepsis or par-
ticipation ; translative. 2. Transverse.
MET-A-LEP'TI-CAL-LY, adv. By transposition.
ME-TAL'LI€, a. [L. metaUicus.] Pertaining to a metal or
metals ; c insisting of metal ; partaking of the nature of
metals ; h te a metal.
ME-TAL'Ll-CAL. The same as metallic.
MET-AL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [^L. metallum and fero.] Pro-
ducing metals. Kirwan.
ME-TAL'I,I-FORM, a. Having the form of metals ; like
metal. Kirtcan.
* MET'AL-LlNE, a. 1. Pertaining to a metal; consisting
of metal. 2. Impregnated with m^tal.
MET'AL-LIST, n. A worker in metals, or one skilled in
metals. Moxov.
MET-AL-LI-Za'TION, n. Tlie act or process of forming
into a metal.
MET'AL-LiZE, v. t. To fomi into metal ; to give to a sub-
stance its proper metallic properties.
MET-AL-LOG'RA-PHY, 77. [Gr.iJL£Ta\\ovandypa(t>ri'] An
account or description of metals.
MET'AL-LOID, n. [metal, and Gr. siSos.] A name some-
times applied to the metallic bases of the alkalies and
earths.
MET-AL-LOID'AL, a. Having the form or appearance of
a metal.
MET'AL-LUR-GIC, a. Pertaining to metallurgy, or the art
of working metals.
* MET'AL-LUR-GIST, or MET-AL'LUR-GIST, n. One
whose occupation is to work metals, or to purify, refine
and prepare metals for use.
* MET'AL-LUR-6Y, or MET-AL'LUR-GY, n. [Gr. jusraX-
\ov and epyov.] The art of working metals, and separat-
ing them from other matters in the ore.
MET'AL-MAN, n. A worker in metals j a coppersmith or
tinman.
MET-A-MORPH'ie, or MET-A-MORPH'0-SI€, a. Chang-
ing the form ; transforming.
MET-A-MORPH'OSE, v. t. [Gr. /ifirajuop^ow.] To change
into a different form ; to transform ; particularly, to
change the form of insects, as from the larva to a winged
animal. Dryden.
MET-A-MORPH'0-SER, n. One that transforms or changes
the shape.
MET-A-MORPH'0-SING, ppr. Changing the shape.
MET-A-MORPH'0-SIS, n. 1. Change of form or shape ;
transformation ; particularly, a change in the form of be-
ing. 2. Any change of form or shape.
MET-A-MOR-PHOS'TI-€AL, a. Pertaining to or affected
by metamorphosis. Pope.
MET'A-PHOR, n. [Gr. iieTa(popa.] A short similitude ; a
See Synopsi? MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
MET
5'^
MEW
sim:itude reduced to a single word ; or a word express-
ing similitude without the signs of comparison. Thus
" that man is a fox," is a metaphor ; but " that man is like
a fox," is a simihtude.
MET-A-PHOE,'I€, ) a. Pertaining to metaphor j com-
MET-A-PHOR'I-€AL, J prising a metaphor ; not literal.
MET-A-PHOR'I-eAL-LY, adv. In a metaphorical manner j
not literally.
MET'A-PHOR-IST, n. One that makes metaphors.
MET'A-PHRASE, n, [Gr. fi£ra(Ppams.] A verbal transla-
tion ; a version or translation of one language into another,
word for word.
MET'A-PHRAST, n. A person who translates from one
language into another, word for word.
MEt-A-PHRAS'TI€, a. Close or literal in translation.
MET-A-PHYS'ie, ) a. 1. Pertaining or relating to met-
MET-A-PHYS'I-€AL, \ aphysics. 2. According to rules
or principles of metaphysics. 3 r'reternatural or super-
natm-al ; [obs.] Sliak.
MET-A-Pi3irS'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of meta-
physical science.
MET-A-PHY-Sl"CIAN, n. One who is versed in the science
of metaphysics.
MET-A-PHYS'I€3, ru [Gr. [i£Ta and cpvcnKn.] The sci-
ence of the principles and causes of all things existing ;
hence, i he science of mind or intelligence.
MET'A-PLASM, yt. [Gr. iiCTairXaciios.] In grammar, a
transmutation or change made in a word by transposing
or retrenching a syllable or letter.
ME-TAS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. neTaaraais.] A translation or
removal of a disease from one part to another, or such an
alteration as is succeeded by a solution.
MET-A-TaR'SAL, a. Belonging to the metatarsus.
MET-A-TAR'SUS, n. [Gr. /zera and rapo-o?.] The middle
of the foot, or part between the ankle and the toes.
ME-TATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. iieraOecns.] 1. Transposition ;
a figure by which the letters or syllables of a word are
transposed. — 2. In medicine, a change or removal of a mor-
bid cause, without expulsion.
METE, V. t. [Sax. metan, amctan, gemetan ; D. meeteii ; L.
metior.] To measure 5 to ascertain quantity, dimensions or
capacity by any rule or standard. [Obsolescent.]
METE, n. [Sax, mitta.] Measure ; limit ; boundary ; used
chiefly in the plural, in the phrase, metes and bounds.
ME-TEMFSI-€HOSE, v. t. To translate from one body to
another, as the soul.
ME-TEMP-SY-€Ho'SIS, n. [Gr. /i£r£//t/.v;^;we7.;,] Trans-
migration ; the passing of the soul of a man after death
into some other animal body.
ME-TEMP'TO-SIS, n. [Gr. fxera and rrtTrrw.] In chronology,
the solar equation necessary to prevent the new moon
from happening a day too late, or the suppression of the
besextile once in 134 years.
*Me'TE-OR, w. [Gr. //ETEwpof.] 1. In a general sense, a
body that flies or floats in the air. 2. A fiery or luminous
body or appearance flying or floating in the atmosphere,
or in a more elevated region.
ME-TE-OR'I€, a, 1. Pertaining to meteors; consisting of
meteors. 2._ Proceeding from a meteor.
f Me TE-0-RlZE, V. L To_ascend in vapors. Evelyn.
Me'TE-O-RO-LiTE, or Me'T£-RO-LiTE, n. A meteoric
stone ; called, also, aerolite.
ME-TE-0-R0-L0G'I€, I a. Pertaining to the atmos-
ME-TE-0-R0-L0G'I-€AL, \ phere and its phenomena.
ME-TE-0-ROL'O-GIST, or ME-TE-ROL'0-GIST, n. A
person skilled in meteors. Howell.
ME-TE-O-ROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. //erewpos and \oyoi.] That
science which treats of the atmosphere and its phenome-
na- D. Olmsted.
ME-TE-0-ROM'AN-CY, or ME-TE-ROM'AN-CY, n. [Gr.
fiETEwpov and navTeia.] A species of divination by mete-
ors, chiefly by thunder and lightning.
ME-TE'O-ROS-eOPE, n. An instrument for taking the
magnitude and distances of heavenly bodies.
ME-TE-0-ROS'€0-PY, 71. [Gr. ix£tcu)(h>s and (tkotteu).] That
part of astronomy which treats of sublime heavenly bodies,
distance of stare, &c.
ME-Te'O-ROUS, a. Having the nature of a meteor.
Me'TER, 71. One who measures ; used in compounds.
Me'TER. See Metre.
Me'TER-LY, ado. Moderately. TVestm. dialect. Tolerably
well.
f MeTE'WAND, 71. [mete and wand.] A stafi" or rod of a
certain length, used as a measure. Ascham.
f MeTE'YARD, 71. [Sax. metgeard.] A yard, staflT or rod,
used as a measure.
ME-THEG'LIN, n. [W. mezyglin.] A liquor made of honey
and water boUed and fermented, often enriched with
spices.
ME-THINKS', V. impers. ; pp. mcthought. [me and think.] It
seems to me ; it appears to me ; I think.
METII'OD, 71. [L. methodus.] 1. A suitable and conven-
ient arrangement of things, proceedings or ideas, the nav-
ural or regular disposition of separate things or parts. 2.
Way ; manner. 3. Classification ; arrangement of natu-
ral bodies according to their common characteristics. In
natural arrangements, a distinction is sometimes made be-
tween method and system. System is an arrangement
founded, throughout all its parts, on some one principle
Method is an arrangement less fixed and determinate, and
founded on more general relations.
ME-TH0D'I€, T a. Arranged in convenient order ; dis-
ME-THOD T-€AL, ) posed in a just and natural manner,
or in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate prac-
tical operations.
ME-TH0D'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a methodical manner ; ac-
cording to natural or convenient order.
METHOD-ISM, 71. The doctrines and worship of the sect
of Christians called Methodists.
METH'OD-IST, n. 1. One that observes method. 2. One
of a sect of Christians, founded by John Wesley, and so
called from the exact regularity of their lives, and the
strictness of their principles and rules. 3. A physician
who practices by method or theory.
METH-0-DIS'TI€, > a. Resembling the Methodists;
METH-O-DIS'Tl-CAL, \ partaking of the strictness of
Methodists. Ch. Obs.
METH'OD-IZE, v. t. To reduce to method ; to dispose in
due order ; to arrange in a convenient manner.
ME-THOUGHT' , pret. of methinks. It seemed to me ; 1
thought. Milton. Dry den.
Me'TIC, 71. [Gr. jUTOiKog.] In ancient Greece, a sojourner;
a resident stranger in a Grecian city or place.
fME-TieU-LOUS, a. [1,. meticulosus.] Timid. Coles.
t ME-TIC'U-LOUS-LY, adv. Timidly. Brown.
ME-TONIC-CY-CLE, ) The cycle of the moon, or peri-
ME-T0N'I€-YeAR. \ od of nineteen years, in which
the lunations of the moon return to the same days of the
month ; so called from its discoverer, Jlfetori, the Athenian.
MET-0-NYM'I€, ; a. Used by way of metonymy, by
MET-0-NYM'I-€AL, \ putting one word for another.
MET-0-NYM'I-€AL-LF, adv. By putting one word for
another.
* MET'O-NYM-Y, or ME-TON'0-MY, 71. [Gr. ^£Ta)vi;//t<2.]
In rhetoric, a trope in which one word is put tor another;
a change of names which have some relation to each other.
MET'O-PE, 72. [Gr. lUTonrj,^ In architecture, the space
between the triglyphs of the Doric frieze.
MET-0-POS'€0-PiST, n. One versed in physiognomy.
MET-O-POS'OO-PY, 71. [Gr. jxeTOiitov and aico-ireui.] The
study of physiognomy.
Me'TRE, ) 71. [Sax. meter ; Fr. metre. All the compounds
Me'TER, i of this word are conformed to English orthog-
raphy, as diameter, &c. The same would be desirable in
the simple word.] 1. Measure ; verse ; arrangement of
poetical feet, or of long and short syllables in verse. 2. A
French measure of length equal to 39^^^ English inches.
MET'Rl-eAL, a. [L. metncus ; Fr. mctrique.] 1. Pertain-
ing to measure, or due arrangement or combination of
long and short syllables. 2. Consisting of verses.
mI'TRIST^^^'' i "• ^ ^"^^'^ ^^ verses. Bale.
ME-TROL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. //crpoi/and \oyos.] I. A discourse
on measmes or mensuration ; the description of measures.
2. An account of measures, or the science of weights and
measures. J. Q. Adams.
ME-TROP O-LIS, n. [L. ; Gr. //TjrpoTroXtj.] The chief
city or capital of a kingdom, state or country.
MET-RO-POLT-TAN, a. Belonging to a metropolis, or to
the mother church ; residing in the chief city.
MET-RO-POL'I-T AN, n. The bishop of the mother church ;
an archbishop. Clarendon.
t ME-TROP'0-LITE, n. A metropolitan.
MET-R0-P0L'I-TI€, ) a. Pertaining to a metropolis ;
MET-R0-P0-LIT'I-€AL, \ archiepiscopal.
MET'TLE, (met'tl) n. [usually supposed to be corrupted
from ?ne£aZ.J Spirit; constitutional ardor; that tempera-
ment which is susceptible of high excitement.
MET'TLED, a. High-spirited ; ardent ; full of fire.
MET'TLE-SoME, a. Full of spirit; possessing constitu
tional ardor ; brisk ; fiery. Tatler.
MET'TLE-S6ME-LY, adv. With sprightliness.
MET'TLE-SoME-NESS, 71. The state of being high-^irited.
MEW, 7?. [Sax. mmw ; J), meeuw ; G. mewe.] A sea-fowl
of the genus larus ; a gull.
MEW, n. [Fr. mue ; Arm. mui.] A cage for birds ; an in-
closure ; a place of confinement.
MEW, V. t. To shut up ; to inclose ; to confine, as in a
case or other inclosure. Dry den.
MEW, V. t. [W. miw ; It. miidare ; Fr. muer.] To shed or
cast ; to change ; to molt. Dryden.
MEW, V. i. ryV. mewian.] To cry as a cat.
MEW, V. i. To change ; to pm; on a new appearance.
MEWING, 2W- Casting the feathers or skin ; crying.
Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete.
MID
529
MIG
MEWL, V i. [Fr. miauler ; It. miagolare.] To cry or squall,
as a child. Shak.
MEWL'ER, n. One that squalls or mewls.
MEYNT, a. Mingled. See Meine.
ME-Ze'RE-ON, 71. A plant ; the spurge olive.
MEZ'ZO, in music, denotes middle, mean.
MEZ'ZO-RE-LIE'VO, ?t. nt. mezzoriUevo.] Middle relief.
*MEZ-ZO-TINT'0,/i. [It.J A particular manner of engrav-
ing or representation of figures on copper, in imitation of
painting in Indian ink.
*MI'ASM, )n. [Gr., from //tat vw.] Infecting substances
MI-AS'MA, \ floating in the air ; the effluvia of any pu-
trefying bodies, rising and floating in the atmosphere.
MI-AS-MAT'I€, a. Pertaining to miasma j partaking of the
qualities of noxious effluvia.
Ml'€A, 71. [L. mica.] A mineral of a foliated structure,
consisting of thin flexible lamels or scales, having a shin-
ing surface.
MI-Ca'CEOUS, a. Pertaining, to mica.
MICA-REL, n. A species of argillaceous earth.
MICE, plu. of mouse.
Mi'€HA-EL-ITE, n. A subvariety of siliceous sinter.
MI€H'AEL-MAS, (mik'el-mas) n. 1. The feast of St. Mi-
chael, a festival of the Romish church, celebrated Sept.
29. — 2. In colloquial language, autumn.
MiCHE, V. i. 1. To lie hid ; to skulk ; to retire or shrink
from view^. 2. To pilfer ; [obs.] Shak.
* f MICH'ER, 71. One who skulks, or creeps out of sight ; a
thief. Sidney.
t MIOH'ER-Y, n. Theft ; cheating. Oower.
MICH'ING, ^;?r. Retiring; skulking; creeping from sight ;
mean; cowardly. [Vulgar.]
f MI€'KLE, a. [Sax. micel, mucel ; Scot, myche, mekyl, muc-
kle.] Much; great. [Retained in the Scottish language.]
Mi'CO, 71. A beautiful species of monkey.
*MI€'RO-€OSM, or Mt'CRO-COSM, ti. [Gr. [xiKpos and
Koafios.] Literally, the little world; but used for man,
supposed to be an epitome of the universe or great world.
Swijt.
MI-€RO-€OS'MI€ SALT, A triple salt of soda, ammonia
and phosphoric acid, obtained from urine. Ure.
MI-eRO-€OS'MI-eAL, a. Pertaining to the microcosm.
MI-€RO-€OUS'TI€, n. [Gr. [iiKpos and okovo).] An in-
strument to augment small sounds, and assist in hearing.
* MI-€ROG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. /iiypos and ypaipui.] The de-
scription of objects too small to be discerned without the
aid of a microscope.
MI-€ROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. /it/cpos and juerpov.] An instru-
ment for measuring small objects or spaces.
MI€'RO-PHONE, 71. [Gr. jxiKpog and ^lovij.] An instrument
to augment small sounds ; a microcoustic.
* MI€'RO-SeOPE, or Mi'€RO-S€OPE, n. [Gr. /ut/cpoj and
cKOTTsio.] An optical instrument consisting of lenses or
mirrors, which magnify objects, and thus render visible
minute objects which cannot be seen by the naked eye,
or enlarge the apparent magnitude of small visible bodies.
MI-€RO-S€OP'I€, ) a. 1. Made by the aid of a micro-
MI-€RO-SeOP'I-€AL, \ scope. Arbuthnot. 2. Assisted
by a microscope. 3. Resembling a microscope ; capable
of seeing small objects. 4, Very small ; visible only by
the aid of a microscope.
MI-€RO-S€OP'I-€AL-LY, adv. By the microscope ; with
minute inspection. Qood.
MI€-TU-Rl"TION, n. [L, micturio.] The act of making
water, or passing the urine. Darwin.
MID, a. [Sax. midd, midde.] 1. Middle ; at equal distance
from extremes. 2. Intervening.
Ml'DA^ n. [Gr. [JuSas.] A worm, or the bean-fly. Chambers.
MID'-aGE, 71. The middle of life, or persons of that age.
MID'-€oURSE, n. The middle of the course or way,
MID'-DaY, a. Being at noon ; meridional. Addison.
MID'-DaY, n. The middle of the day ; noon. Donne.
MID'DEN, or MID'DING, n. A dunghill. Favour.
tMID'DEST, a. superl. o( viid. Spenser.
MID'DLE, (mid'dl) a. [Sax., D, middel ; G.mittel; Dan,
middel.] 1. Equally distant from the extremes. 2. Inter-
mediate ; intervening.
x\IID'DLE, 71. 1. The point or part equally distant from the
extremities. 2. The time that passes, or events that hap-
pen between the beginning and the end.
MID'DLE-aGED, a. Being about the middle of the ordina-
ry age of man.
t MID'DLE-EARTH, 71. [Sax. middan-eard.] The world
MID'DLE-MoST, a. Being in the middle, or nearest the
middle of a number of things that are near the middle.
MID'DLE-WIT'TED, a. Of moderate abilities, /z. Walton.
MID'DLING, a, [Sax. midlen.] Of middle rank, state, size
or quality ; about equally distant from the extremes ;
moderate.
MID'DLING-LY, adv. Passably ; indifferently, Johnson.
>■ MIDGE, n. [Sax. myge, mygge.] A gnat or flea.
MID<-HEAV-EN, n. The middle of the sky or heaven.
MID'LAND, a. 1. Being in the interior country ; distant
from the coast or sea sliore. Hale. 2. Surrounded by the
sea ; mediterranean. Dry den.
MID'-LENT, 71. [Sax. midlencten.] The middle of lent.
MID'LENT-ING, a. Going about to visit parents atmidlent.
MID'LEG, n. Middle of the leg. Bacon.
MID'MoST, a. Middle ; as, the midmost battles. Dryden.
MID'JMIGHT, n. The middle of the night ; twelve o'clock
at night.
MID'NiGHT, a. I. Being in the middle of the night. Bacon.
2. Dark as midnight ; very dark.
MID'RIFF, 71. [Sa.x. vddhrife.] In anaiowiT/, the diaphragm.
Quincy.
MID'SeA, n. The Mediterranean sea. Dryden.
MID'SHIP, a. Being in the middle of a ship.
MID'SHIP-MAN, n. In ships of war, a kind of naval cadet,
whose business is to second the orders of the superior offi-
cers and assist in the necessary business of the ship,
MID'SHIPS, adv. In the middle of a ship ; properly amid-
ships.
MIDST, n, [contracted from middest, the superlative of
mid.] The middle, Dryden. The phrase in the midst often
signifies involved in, surrounded or overwhelmed by.
MIDST, prep. Poetically used for amidst.
MIDST, adv. In the middle. Milton.
MID'STReAM, 71. The middle of the stream. Dryden.
MID'SUM-MER, 71. The middle of summer; the summer
solstice, about the 21st of June. Sioift.
t MID'WARD, adv. Midst.
MID'WaY, n. The middle of the way or distance,
MID'WaY, a. Being in the middle of the way or distance
MID'WaY, adv. In the middle of the way ; half way,
MID'WIFE, 71. [mid and wif.] A woman that assists other
women in childbirth.
MID'WIFE, V. i. To perform the office of midwife.
MID'WIFE, V. t. To assist in childbirth.
* MID'WIFE-RY, n. 1. The art or practice of assisting
women in childbirth ; obstetrics. 2. Assistance at child-
birth. 3. Help or cooperation in production.
MID'-WIN-TER, 71. The middle of winter, or the winter
solstice, December 21.
MID '-WOOD, a. In the middle of the wood. Thomson.
Mi'E-MITE, 7t. A mineral found at Miemo.
MIeN, (meen) n. [Fr. mine ; Dan., Sw.mine ; Com.mein.]
Look ; air ; manner ; external appearance ; carriage. Pope.
MIFF, 71. A slight degree of resentment. [Colloquial.]
MIFFED, a. Slightly off"ended.
MIGHT, (mrte) pret. of may. 1. Had power or liberty.
2. It sometimes denotes was possible, implying ignorance
of the fact in the speaker.
Might, (mite) n. [Sax. might, meht ; G. macht.] 1.
Strength ; force ; power ; primarily and chiefly, bodily
strength or physical power. 2. Political power or great
achievements. 3. National strength ; physical power or
military force. 4. Valor with bodily strength ; military
prowess. 5. Ability ; strength or application of means.
6. Strength or force of purpose. 7. Strength of affection.
8. Strength of light ; splendor ; eff'ulgence. — With might
and main, with the utmost strength,
MiGHT'I-LY, adv. 1. With great power, force or strength ;
vigorously. 2. Vehemently ; with great earnestness. S.
Powerfully ; with great energy. 4, With great strength
of argument. 5. With great or irresistible force ; greatly ;
extensively. 6. With strong means of defense. 7. Great-
ly ; to a great degree ; very much.
MlGHT'I-NESS, n. 1. Power; greatness ; height of dignity.
2. A title of dignity ; as, their High Mightinesses.
MiGHT'Y, a. [Sax.mihtig.] L Having great bodily strength
or physical power; very strong or vigorous. 2. Very
strong ; valiant ; bold. 3. Very powerful ; having great
command. 4. Very strong in numbers. 5. Very strong
or great in corporeal power; very able. 6. Violent; very
loud. 7. Vehement ; rushing with violence. 8. Very
great ; vast. 9. Very great or strong. 10. Very forcible*;
efficacious. 11. Very great or eminent in intellect or ac-
quirements. 12. Great ; wonderful ; performed with great
power. 13. Very severe and distressing. 14. Very great,
l^arge or populous. 15. Important ; momentous.
MiGHT'Y, adv. In a great degree ; very ; as, mighty wise.
{Colloquial.] Prior.
GN'IARD, (min'yard) a. [Fr. mignard.] Soft ; dainty ;
delicate ; pretty. B. Jonson.
MIGN-O-NETTE', (min-yo-nef) ) n. [Fr.] An annual
MIG'0-NET, \ flower or plant of the
genus reseda.
Mi'GRATE, v. i. [L. migro ] 1. To pass or remove from
one country or from one state to another, with a view to a
residence. 2, To pass or remove from one region or dis-
trict to another for a temporary residence.
Mi'GRA-TING, ppr. Removing from one state to another
for a permanent residence.
MI-GRa'TION, n. [li. migratio.] 1. The act of removing
from one kingdom or state to another, for the purpose of
residence, 2. Change of place ; removal.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B JJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J j $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^ Obsolete
MIL
530
MIL
MI'GRA-TO-RY, a. 1. Removing or accustomed to remove
from one state or country to another for permanent resi-
dence. 2. Roving ; wandering ; occasionally removing for
pasturage. 3. Passing from one climate to another 5 as
fowls.
MILCH, a. [Sax. melee.] Giving milk.
Mild, a. {SsLX.mild; G., D., Sw., Ban. mild.] 1. Soft;
gently and pleasantly affecting the senses ; not violent.
2. Not acrid, pungent, corrosive or drastic; operating
gently ; not acrimonious ; demulcent ; mollifying ; leni-
tive ; assuasive. 3. Tender and gentle in temper or dis-
position j kind ; compassionate ; merciful ; clement ; in-
dulgent ; not severe or cruel. 4. Not fierce, rough or an-
gry ; as mild words. 5. Placid 3 not fierce ; not stern ;
not frowning. 6. Not sharp, tart, sour or bitter ; moder-
ately sweet or pleasant to the taste. 7. Calm ; tranquil
8. Moderate ; not violent or intense.
MIL'DEW, 71. [Sax. mildeaw.] I. Honey dew ; a thick,
clammy, sweet juice, found on the leaves of plants. Hill.
2. Spots on cloth or paper caused by moisture.
MIL'DEW, V. t. To taint with mildew. Shak.
MIL'DEWED, fp. Tainted or injured by mildew.
MIL'DEW-ING, fpr. Tainting with mildew.
MiLD'LY, adv. Softly ; gently ; tenderly ; not roughly or
violently ; moderately.
MiLD'NESS, 71. 1. Softness ; gentleness. 2. Tenderness ;
mercy ; clemency. 3. Gentleness of operation. 4. Soft-
ness ; the quality that affects the senses pleasantly. 5.
Temperateness ; moderate state.
MlLD-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Having a mild temper.
MILE, n. [L. mille passus ; Sax., Sw. mil ; Fr. mille.] A
measure of length or distance, containing 8 furlongs, 320
rods, poles or perches, 1760 yards, 5280 feet, or 80 chains.
The Roman mile was a thousand paces, equal to 1600
yards, English measure.
MiLE'ACfE, 71. Fees paid for travel by the mUe.
MlLE'STONE, n. A stone set to mark the distance or space
of a mile.
MIL'FOIL, n. [L. millefolium,] A plant ; yarrow.
MIL'IA-RY, (mil'ya-re) a. [Fr. miliaii-e ; 1,. milium.] 1.
Resembling millet seeds. 2. Accompanied with an erup-
tion like millet seeds.
t MIL'ICE, for militia.
MIL'IO-LITE, 71. Fossil remains of the miliola.
MIL'I-TAN-CY, n. Warfare. [Little used.] Mountagu.
MIL'I-TANT, a. [L. militans.] 1. Fighting ; combating ;
serving as a soldier. Spenser. — 2. The church militant is
the Christian church on earth, which is supposed to be
engaged in a constant warfare against its enemies ; thus
distinguished from the church triumphant, or in heaven.
Hooker.
jMIL'I-TAR, a. The same as military.
MIL'I-TA-RI-LY, adv. In a soldierly manner.
MIL'I-TA-RY, a. [Fr. militaire ; L. militaris.] 1. Pertaining
to soldiers or to arms. 2. Engaged in the service of sol-
diers or arms. 3. Warlike ; becoming a soldier. 4. De-
rived from the services or exploits of a soldier. 5. Con-
formable to the customs or rules of armies or militia. 6.
Performed or made by soldiers. — Military tenure, a tenure
of land, on condition of performing military service.
MIL'I-TA-RY, n. The whole body of soldiers ; soljliery ;
militia ; an army. Mitford.
MIL'I-TATE, V. i. [L. milito.] To militate against, is to op-
pose ; to be or to act in opposition. Smollett.
MI-Ll"TIA, n. [L.] The body of soldiers in a state enrolled
for discipline, but not engaged in actual service except in
emergencies.
MILK, 7J. [Sax. melee; G. milch ; B. mclk.] 1, A white
fluid or liquor, secreted by certain glands in female ani-
mals, and drawn from the breasts for the nourishment of
their young. 2. The white juice of certain plants. 3.
Emulsion made by bruising seeds.
MILK, V. t. [Sax. melcan, meoleian ; G., D. melken.] 1. To
draw or press milk from the breasts by the hand. 2. To
suck ; [obs.]
t MILK'EN, a. Consisting of milk. Temple.
MILK'ER^ 71. One that milks.
MILK'-Fe-VER, n. A fever which accompanies the first
flowing of milk in females after childbirth.
MILK'-HED6E, n. A shrub growing on the Coromandel
coast, containing a milky juice.
MILK'I-NESS, 71. aualities like those of milk ; softness.
MILK'-LIV-ERED, a. Cowardly ; timorous. Shak.
MILK'MaID, 71. A woman that milks or is employed in the
dairy.
MILK'MAN, 71. A man that sells milk.
MILK'PaIL, 71. A pail which receives the milk drawn from
cows.
MILK PAN, n. A pan in which milk is set.
MILK'POR-RIDGE, ) n. A species of food composed of
MILK'POT-TAGE, \ milk, or milk and water, boiled
with meal or flour.
MILK'SCORE, 71. An account of milk sold or purchased in
email quantities, scored or marked.
MILK'SOP, 71. A soft, effeminate, feeble-minded man
MILK'-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus carduus.
MILK'TOOTH, n. The fore tooth of a foal, which is cast
within two or three years. Far. Diet.
MILK'-TRE-FOIL, n. A plant, the cytisus. Johnson.
MILK'-VETCH, 71. A plant of the genus astragalus.
MILK'-WoRT, 71. A plant of the genus euphorbia ; spurge
MILK'- WEED, 71. A plant, the asclepias Syriaca.
MILK'-WHITE, a. White as milk. Dryden.
MILK'-WOM-AN, n. A Avoman that sells milk.
MILK'Y, a. 1. Made of milk. 2. Resembling milk. 3
Yielding niilk. 4. Soft ; mild ; gentle ; timorous.
MILK'Y-WaY, n. The galaxy ; a broad, luminous path or
circle in the heavens.
MILL, 71. [L. mille.] A money of account of the United
States, value the tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a
dollar.
MILL, n. [Sax. miln ; W. melin ; Ir. meile.] 1. A compli-
cated engine or machine for grinding and reducing to fine
particles grain, fruit or other substance, or for performing
other operations by means of wheels and a circular mo-
tion. 2. The house or building that contains the ma-
chinery for grinding, &c.
MILL, V. t. 1. To grind ; to comminute ; to reduce to fine
particles or to small pieces. 2. To beat up chocolate. 3.
To stamp coin. 4. To full, as cloth.
MILL'COG, 71. The cog of a mill-wheel. Mortimer.
MILL'DAM, 71. A dam or mound to obstruct a water-course,
and raise the water to an altitude sufiicient to turn a mill-
wheel.
MILL'HORSE, 71. A horse that turns a mill.
MILL-MOUNT'AINS, n. An herb. Ainsworth.
MILL'POND, n. A pond or reservoir of water raised for
driving a mill-wheel.
MILL'RACE, 71. The current of water that drives a mill-
wheel, or the canal in which it is conveyed.
MILL'-SIX-PENCE, n. An old English coin. Douce.
MILL'STONE, n. A stone used for grinding grain.
MILL'-TOOTH, n. ; plu. Mill-teeth. A grinder, dens
molaris.
MIL-LE-Na'RI-AN, a. [Fr. millenaire.] Consisting of a
thousand years ; pertaining to the isaillenium.
MIL-LE-Na'RI-x-^N, n. A chiliast ; one who believes in the
millenium.
MlL'LE-NA-RY, a. [Fr. millenaire.] Consisting of a thou-
sand. Arbuthnot.
MIL-LEN'-NI-AL, a. Pertaining to the millenium, or to a
thousand years. Burnet.
t MIL'LE-NIST, n. One who holds to the millenium.
MIL-LEN'-NI-UM, n. [L. mille axiAannus.] A thousand
years ; a word used to denote the thousand years men-
tioned in Revelation xx., during whicli period Satan
shall be bound, and restrained from seducing men to sin,
and Christ shall reign on earth with his saints.
MIL'LE-PED, 71. [L. mille and pes.] The wood-louse, an
insect having many feet, a species of oniseus.
MIL'LE-PORE, n. [L. mille anAporus.] A genus of litho-
phytes or polypiers of various forms.
MIL'LE-PO-RlTE, n. Fossil millepores.
MILL'ER, n. [from mill.] 1. One whose occupation is to
attend a grist-mill. 2. An insect.
MILL'ER'S-THUMB, n. A small fish.
MIL-LES'I-MAL, a. [L. millesimus.] Thousandth ; con-
sisting of thousandth parts. Watts.
MIL'LET, 71. [Fr. millet, or mil.] A plant.
MILL'IA-RY, a. [L. milliarium.] Pertaining to a mile ; de-
noting a mile ; as, a milliary column. D^Anville.
MIL'Iil-GRAM, n. [L. mille, and Gr. j/pa///ia.] In the sys-
tem of French weights and measures, the thousandth part
of a gram.
MIL'LI-LIT-ER, n. [L. mille, and liter.] A French measure
of capacity containmg the thousandth part of a liter.
MIL-LIM'E-TER, n. [L. mille and metrum.] A French lin-
eal measure containing the thousandth part of a metre
MIL'LI-NER, 71. [Johnson supposes this word to be Milaner,
from Milan, in Italy.] A woman who makes and sells
head-dresses, hats or bonnets, &c. for females.
MIL'LI-NER-Y, n. The articles made or sold by milliners,
as head-dresses, hats or bonnets, laces, ribbons and the
like.
MILL'ION, (mil'yun) n. [Fr. million ; It. milione.] 1. The
number often hundred thousand, or a thousand thousand.
It is used as a noun or an adjective. — 2. In common usage,
a very great number, indefinitely.
MILL'ION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to millions ; consisting of
millions. Pinkerton.
t MILL'IONED, a. Multiplied by millions. Shak.
MILL'IONTH, a. The ten hundred thousandth.
MILL-ReA', ) n. A coin of Portugal of the value of 124
MILL-REE', \ cents.
MILT, n. [Sax., Dan., B.milt.] 1. In anatomy, the spleen,
a viscus situated in the left hypochondrium under the
diaphragm. 2. The soft roe of fishes, or the spermatic
part of the males.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
MIN
531
MIN
MILT, V. t. To impregnate the roe or spawn of the female
fish. Johnson.
MILT'ER, n. A male fish. Walton.
MlLT'WoUT, n. A plant of the genus asplenium.
f MIME, 71 LA buffoon. 2. A kind of dramatic farce.
t MIME, V. i. To mimic, or play the buffoon. See Mimic.
t Mi'MER, n. A mimic. See Mimic.
MI-Me'SIS, 71. [Gr.] In rhetoric, imitation of the voice or
gestures of another. Encyc.
MI-MET'ie, I a. [Gr. fJUfiriTiKos.] Apt to imitate ; given
MI-MET'I-€AL, \ to aping or mimicry.
MIM'I€, / a. [L. mimicus.] 1. Imitative ; inclined to
MIM'I-€AL, ) imitate or to ape ; having the practice or
habit of imitating. 2. Consisting of imitation.
MIM'ie, n. 1. One who imitates or mimics ; a buffoon who
attempts to excite laughter or derision by acting or speak-
ing in the manner of another. 2. A mean or servile im-
itator.
MIM'I€K, V. t. To imitafe or ape for sport ; to attempt to
excite laughter or derision by acting or speaking like an-
other ; to ridicule by imitation.
MIM'IC-RY, n. Ludicrous imitation for sport or ridicule,
MI-MOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. /Kt/zoj and ypacpu).] A writer
of farces.
Mi'NA, n. [L. mina.l A weight or denomination of money.
t MIN^A-CER, n. A threatener.
MI-Na'CIOUS, a, [L. minax.] Threatening ; menacing.
MI-NAC'I-TY, n. Disposition to threaten. [Little used.]
fMIN'A-CY, w. Threat 5 menace. Hacket.
MIN'A-RET, n. [W. mion.'] A small spire or steeple, or
spire-like ornament in Saracen architecture.
t MIN-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. With threats. Hacket.
* MIN'A-TO-RY, a. Threatening ; menacing. Bacon.
MINCE, (mins) v. t. [Sax. minsian ; W. main ; Fr. vienu,
mince. \ 1. To cut or chop into very small pieces. 2. To
diminish in speaking ; to retrench, cut off or omit a part
for the purpose of suppressing the truth ; to extenuate in
representation. 3. To speak with affected softness ; to
clip words ; not to utter the full sound. 4. To walk with
short or diminished steps.
MiNCE, V. i. 1. To walk with short steps ; to walk with
affected nicety ; to affect delicacy in manner. 2. To
speak softly, or with affected nicety.
MiNCED,_p/7. Cut or chopped into very small pieces.
MiNCE-PlE, \n. A pie made with minced meat and
MiNCED-PiE, \ other ingredients.
MIN'CING, ppr. Cutting into small pieces; speaking or
walking affectedly.
MIN'CING-LY, adv. In small parts ; not fully.
MiND, n. \^diX. gemind, gemynd ; Ji-AXi. minde.] I. Inten-
tion ; purpose ; design, 2. Inclination ; will ; desire. 3.
Opinion. 4. Memory ; remembrance. 5. The intellect-
ual or intelligent power in man ; the understanding ; the
power that conceives, judges or reasons. 6. The heart or
seat of affection. 7. The will and affection. 8. The
implanted principle of grace. Rom. vii.
MIND, V. t. 1. To attend to ; to fix the thoughts on ; to re-
gard with attention. 2. To attend to or regard with sub-
mission ; to obey. 3. To put in mind ; to remind ; [ohs.']
4. To intend ; to mean.
t MIND, V. i. To be inclined, or disposed to incline.
MiND'ED, a. Disposed ; inclined. Tillotson.
MiND'ED-NESS, n. Disposition ; inclination towards any
thing. Milner.
MiND'FILL-ING, a. Filling the mind. Mitford.
MiND'FUL, a. Attentive ; regarding with care ; bearing in
mind ; heedful ; observant,
MiND'FUL-LY, adv. Attentively ; heedfully.
MiND'FUL-NESS, n. Attention ; regard ; heedfulness.
MIND'ING,2>^r. Regarding: heeding.
MIND ING, 71. Regard.
MiND'LESS, a. 1. Inattentive ; heedless ; forgetful ; neg-
ligent ; careless. 2. Not endued with mind or intellectu-
al powers. 3. Stupid ; unthinking.
t MiND'-STRICK-EN, a. Moved ; affected in mind.
MINE, a. called sometimes apronominal adjective. [Sax.,
Sw., Dan, min ; Goth, meins ; Fr. man ; D. myn ; G.
mein.] My ; belonging to me. Jt was formerly used before
nouns beginning with vowels ; as, " I kept myself from
mine iniquity." Mine sometimes supplies the place of a
noun ; as, your sword and mine are different in construc-
tion.
MINE, 71. [Fr. miiie.] 1. A pit or excavation in the earth,
from which metallic ores, mineral substances and other
fossil bodies are taken by digging.— 2. In the military art,
a subterraneous canal or passage dug under the wall or
rampart of a fortification, where a quantity of powder
may be lodged for blowing up the works. 3. A rich
source of wealth or other good.
MINE, V. i. 1, To dig a mine or pit in the earth. 2. To
form a subterraneous canal or hole by scratching ; to form
a burrow or lodge in the earth, as animals. 3. To prac-
tice secret means of injury.
MINE, V. t. To sap ; to undermine ; to dig away or other-
wise remove the substratum or foundation ; to ruin or de-
stroy by slow degrees.
MiNE'-DIG-GER, n. One that digs mines.
MiN'ER, n. 1. One that digs for metals and other fossils.
2. One who digs canals or passages under the walls of a
fort, &c.
MIN'ER-AL, 71. [F., Sp. jnmeraL] A body destitute of or-
ganization, and which naturally exists within the earth
or at its surface.
MIN'ER-AL, a. L Pertaining to minerals ; consisting of
fossil substances. 2. Impregnated with minerals or fossil
matter.
MIN'ER-AL-IST, n. One versed or employed in minerals.
MIN-ER-AL-I-Za'TION, 7^, 1, The process of forming an
ore by combination with another substance. 2 The
process of converting into a mineral, as a bone or a plant.
3. The act of impregnating with a mineral, as water.
MIN'ER-AL-iZE, v. t. 1. In mineralogy, to combine with
a metal in forming an ore or mineral. 2. To convert into
a mineral. 3. To impregnate with a mineral substance.
MIN'ER- AL-lZED, pp. 1. Deprived of its usual properties
by being combined with another substance or formed into
an ore. 2. Converted into a mineral. 3. Impregnated
with a mineral.
MIN'ER-AL-lZ-ER, n. A substance which mineralizes an-
other or combines with it in an ore.
MIN-ER-A-LOGiI-CAL, a. Pertaining to the science of
minerals.
MIN-ER-A-L06'I-CAL-LY, ad-v. According to mineralogy,
'MIN-ER-AL'0-GIST, n. One who is versed in the science
of minerals, or one who treats or discourses of the proper-
ties of mineral bodies.
MIN-ER-AL'O-GY, n. [mineral, and Gr. \oyo?.'\ The sci-
ence which treats of the properties of mineral substances,
and teaches us to characterize, distinguish and class them
according to their properties.
t MING, v. t. To mingle ; to mix ; to remind ; to mention j
to call to remembrance. Bp. Hall.
MIN'GLE, V. t. [Sax. mengan, or r'nencgan.] 1, To mix; to
blend ; to unite in one body. 2 To mix or blend without
order or promiscuously. 3. To compound ; to unite in a
mass, as solid substances. 4. To join in mutual inter-
course or in society. 5. To contaminate ; to render im-
pure ; to debase by mixture. 6. To confuse.
MIN'GLE, V. i. To be mixed ; to be united with.
t MIN'GLE, 71. Mixture ; medley ; promiscuous mass
MIN'GLED, pp. Mixed ; united promiscuously.
MIN'GLED-LY, adv. Confusedly. Barret.
MIN'GIiE-MAN'GLE, n. A medley ; a hotch-potch. Hooker
MIN'GLER, n. One that mingles,
MIN'GLING,ppr. Mixing ; uniting without order.
MIN;IARD, (min'yard) a. [Fr. mignard.] Soft ; dainty.
[Little used,]
MIN'IARD-iZE, v. t. To render soft, delicate or dainty.
MIN'IATE, v. t. [It, miniare.] To paint or tinge with ver-
milion,
* MIN'IA-TURE, n. [It., Sp, miniatura.] 1. A painting in
water colors on vellum, ivory or paper, with points or
dots ; sometimes in oil colors. The term is usually appli-
ed to portraits painted on a very small scale. 2. A picture
or representation in a small compass, or less than the real-
ity. 3. Red letter; rubric distinction.
MIN'I-KIN, a. [qu. W. main.] Small ; diminutive ; v^ed
in slight contempt.
MIN'1-KIN, n. 1. A small sort of pins, 2, A darling ; a fa-
vorite. See Minion,
MIN'IM, n. [W, main.] 1. A little man or being ; a dwarf
2. One of a certain reformed order of Franciscans or Miyi-
imi. 3. A note in music, equal to half a semibreve or two
crotchets. 4. A short poetical encomium ; [obs.] 5. A
small fish.
jMIN'I-MENT, n. [fiora muniment.] Proof; testimony,
Spenser.
MIN'I-MUM, 71. [L.] The least quantity assignable in a
given case. Encyc.
MIN I-MTJS, 71. [L.] A being of the smallest size.
MiN'ING, ppr. 1, Digging into the earth, as for fossils and
minerals ; sapping. 2. a. Designating the business of dig-
ging mines.
t MIN'ION, a. Fine ; trim ; dainty,
MIN'ION, (min'yun) n. [Fr. 7nignon.] A favorite ; adarling;
particularly, the favorite of a prince, on whom he lavish-
es his favors ; one who gains favors by flattery or mean
adulation.
MIN'ION, 71. [W, main.] A small kind of printing types.
MIN'ION-ING, n. Kind treatment, Marston.
MIN'ION-SHl'p, n. State of being a minion,
MIN'IOUS, 71. [from L. minium.] Of the color af red lead
or vermilion. Brown.
t MIN'ISH, v. t. [L. minuo.] To lessen ; to diminish.
See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — € as K ; aa J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
MIN
5^2
MIR
MIN'IS-TER, n. [L.] 1. P7-o;>er%, a chief servant ; hence,
an agent appointed to transact or manage business under
the authority of another. 2. One to whom a king or
prince intrusts the direction of affairs of state. 3. A
magistrate ; an executive officer. 4. A delegate ; an em-
bassador ; the representative of a sovereign at a foreign
court. 6. One who serves at the altar ; one who performs
sacerdotal duties ; the pastor of a church. 6. Christ is
called a minister of the sanctuary. Heb. viii. 7. An angel ;
a messenger of God.
MIN'IS-TER, V. t. [L. rninistro.] To give ; to afford ; to
supply.
MIN'IS-TER, u. i. I. To attend and serve ; to perform ser-
vice in any office, sacred or secular. 2. To afford sup-
plies ; to give things needful ; to supply the means of re-
lief; to relieve. 3. To give medicines.
MIN'I.S-f ERED, pp. Served ; afforded ; supplied.
MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Attending for service ; attendant ;
acting at command, 2. Acting under superior authority ;
pertaining to a minister. 3. Pertaining to executive offi-
ces, as distinct from judicial. 4. Sacerdotal ; pertaining
to ministers of the gospel. 5. Pertaining to ministers of
state.
MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a ministerial manner.
MIN'IS-TER-ING, ppr. 1. Attending and serving as a subor-
dinate agent ; serving under superior authority. Heb. i.
2. Affording aid or supplies ; administering things needful.
MIN'IS-TER-Y. See Ministry.
MIN'IS-TRAL, a. Pertaining to a minister. [Little used.]
MIN'IS-TRANT, a. Per-forming service as a minister ; at-
tendant on service ; acting under command.
MIN-IS-TRa'TION, n. [h. ministratlo.] I. The act of per-
forming service as a subordinate agent ; agency ; inter-
vention for aid or service. 2. Office of a minister ; ser-
vice ; ecclesiastical function.
MIN'IS-TRESS, 71. A female that ministers. Akenside.
MIN'IS-TRY, m. [L. minister ium.] 1. The office, duties
or functions of a subordinate agent of any kind. 2. Agen-
cy ; service ; aid ; interposition ; instrumentality. 3. Ec-
clesiastical function ; agency or service of a minister of
the gospel or clergyman in the modern church, or of
priests, apostles and evangelists in the ancient, .^cts i.
4. Time of ministration ; duration of the office of a minis-
ter, civil or ecclesiastical. 5. Persons who compose the
executive government or the council of a supreme magis-
trate 5 the body of ministers of state. 6. Business ; em-
ployment.
MIN'IS-TRY-SHIP, for ministry, is little used and hardly
proper. Swift.
MIN'I-UM, n. [L.] The red oxyd of lead. Fourcroy.
MINK, n. An American quadruped. Belknap.
MIN'NO€, used by Shakspeare, is supposed by Johnson to
be the same as minx. Q,u. mimic.
MIN'NoW, or MIN'oW, a. [Fr. menu, small.] A very
small fish, a species of cyvrinus. Walton.
Mi'NOR, a. [L.] I. Less"; smaller; sometimes applied to
the bulk or magnitude of a single object. — 2. In music,
less or lower by a lesser semitone. — Asia Minor, the Les-
ser Asia, that part of Asia which lies between the Euxine
on the north, and the Mediterranean on the south.
Mi'NOR, n. I. A. person of either sex under age. — 2. In
logic, the second proposition of a regular syllogism. 3. A
Minorite, a Franciscan friar. 4. A beautiful bird of the
East Indies.
t MI'NOR- ATE, V. t. To diminish.
MI-NOR-a'TION, n. A lessening ; diminution.
Mi'NOR-ITE, n. A Franciscan friar.
MI-NOR'I-TY, n. [Fr. minorite.] 1. The state of being un-
der age. 2. The smaller number.
MIN'O-TAUR, n. [Fr. minotaure ; L. minotaurus.] A fa-
bled monster, half man and half bull.
MIN'STER, n. [Sax. minstre, or mynster.] A monastery ;
an ecclesiastical convent or fraternity ; a cathedral church.
MIN'STREL, 71. [Fr. menetrier, for menestrier ; Sp. minis-
tril.] A singer and musical performer on instruments.
MIN'STREL-SY, n. 1. The arts and occupations of min-
strels ; instrumental music. 2. A number of musicians.
MINT, 71. [Sax. mynet ; D. m.unt, mint.] 1. The place
where money is coined by public authority. 2. A place
of invention or fabrication. 3. A source of abundant sup-
ply.
MINT, v.t. [Sax. mynetian.] 1. To coin; to make and
stamp money. 2. To invent ; to forge ; to fabricate.
MINT, n. [Sax. mint.] A plant.
MINT'AGE, 71. 1. That which is coined or stamped. Mil-
ton. 2. The duty paid for coining.
MINT^ER, 71. A coiner ; also, an inventor.
MINT'MAN, 71. A coiner ; one skilled in coining or in coins.
MINT'MaS-TER, n. 1. The master or superintendent of a
mint. 2. One who invents or fabricates.
MIN'U-END, n. [L. minuendus.] In arithmetic, the number
from which another number is to be subtracted.
MIN'U-ET, 71. [Sp. minueto ; Fr. menuet.] 1. A slow,
graceful dance, consisting of a coupee, a high step and a
balance. 2. A tune or air to regulate the movements in
the dance so called ; a movement of three crotchets ot
three quavers in a bar.
MIN'UM, 71. [from W. main ; Fr. menu.] 1. A small kind
of printing types ; now written minion. 2. A note of
slovv; time containing two crotchets ; now written minim.
MI-NuTE', a. [L. 7iiinutus.] 1. Very small, little or slen-
der ; of very small bulk or size ; small in consequence. 2.
Attending to small things ; critical.
* MIN'UTE, (min'it) n. [L. minutum.] 1. A small portion
of time or duration, being the sixtieth part of an hour.—
2. In geometry, the sixtieth part of a degree of a circle. —
3. In architecture, the sixtieth, but sometimes the thirti
eth part of a module. 4. A space of time indefinitelj
small. 5. A short sketch of any agreement or other sub
ject, taken in writing ; a note to preserve the memory ol
any thmg.
* MIN'UTE, (min'it) v. t. To set down a short sketch o)
note of any agreement or other subject in Vv^riting.
MIN'UTE-BOOK, n. A book of short hints.
MIN'UTE-GLASS, n. A glass, the sand of which measure.?
a minute.
MIN'UTE-GUNS, n. Guns discharged every minute.
MIN'UTE-HAND, n. The hand that points to the mmutes
on a clock or watch.
MIN'UTE-JA€K, n. Another name for Jack of the clock-
MI-NuTE'LY, adv. To a small point of time, space or mat-
ter; exactly ; nicely.
MIN'UTE-LY, (min'it-ly) a. Happening every minute.
MIN'UTE-LY, adv. Every minute ; with very little time
intervening. Hainmond.
MI-NuTE'NESS, n. 1. Extreme smallness, fineness or
slenderness. 2. Attention to small things ; critical exact-
ness.
MIN'UTE- WATCH, n. A watch that distinguishes minutes
of time, or on which minutes are marked.
MI-Nu'TIiE, 71. [L.] The smaller particulars.
MINX, 71. [qu. minnoc] 1. A pert, wanton girl. Shak. 2
A she-puppy.
Mi'NY, a. 1. Abounding with mines. 2. Subterraneous.
t Mi'RA-BLE, a. Wonderful. Shak.
MlR'A-€LE, n. [Fr. ; L. miraculum.] 1. A wonder, or
wonderful thing. — 2. In theology, an event or effect con-
trary to the established constitution and course of things,
or a deviation from the known laws of nature ; a super-
natural event. 3. Anciently, a spectacle or dramatic repre-
sentation exhioiting the lives of the saints,
t MiR'A-€LE, v. t. To make wonderful. Shak.
MiR'A-€LE-M6N'GER, 7!. An impostor who pretends to
work miracles. HalhjiDcll.
MI-RA€'U-LOUS, a. 1. Performed supematurally, or by a
power beyond the ordinary agency of natural laws ; ef-
fected by the direct agency of almighty power. 2. Su-
pernatural ; furnished supematurally, or competent to
perform miracles. — 3. In a less definite sense, wonderful ;
extraordinary.
MI-RA€'U-LOUS-LY, adv. 1. By miracle ; supematurally.
2. Wonderfully ; by extraordinary means.
MI-RA€'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of being effected by
miracle or by supernatural agency.
MIR-A-DoR', 7*. [Sp.] A balcony or gallery commanding
an extensive view. Drydcn.
MT-RXGE', (me-razhe') n. An optical illusion, which is
produced by a refraction of the atmosphere, and which
frequently tantalizes the eye of the thirsty traveler, when
passing over burning deserts, with the image of water.
MIRE, 71. Deep mud ; earth so wet and soft as to yield to
the feet and to wheels.
MIRE, V. t. 1. To plunge and fix in mire ; to set or stall in
mud. 2. To soil or daub with mud or foul matter.
MIRE, V. i. To sink in mud, or to sink so deep as to be un-
able to move forward.
MIRE, n. An ant. See Pismire.
MlRE'-€RoW, n. The sea-crow or pewit gull.
MiR'I-NESS, 71. The state of consisting of deep mud.
t MiRK, a. [Sax. mirce.] Dark. See Murky.
MiRK'SoME, a. Dark ; obscure. See Murky.
MiRK'SoME-NESS, n. Obscurity. See Murky.
MIRK'Y, a. Dark ; wanting light.
MiR'ROR, n. [Fr.miroir.] 1. A looking-glass ; any glass
or polished substance that forms images by the reflection
of rays of light. 2. A pattern ; an exemplar ; that on
which men ought to fix their eyes ; that which gives a
true representation.
t MIR'ROR-STONE, 7i. A bright stone.
MiRTH, 71. [Sax. mirht, myrhth.] Social merriment ; hilar-
ity ; high excitement of pleasurable feelings in company ,
noisy gayety ; jollity.
MiRTH'FUL, a. Merry ; jovial ; festive. Prior.
MiRTH'FiJL-LY, adv. In a jovial manner.
MiRTH'LESS, a. Without mirth or hilarity.
MiR'Y, a. 1. Abounding with deep mud ; full of mire. Gay
2. Consisting of mire. Shak.
* See Synopsis a % I, O, U, Y, lon^.—F^R. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
MIS
533
MIS
i^IS, a prefix, denotes error, or erroneous, wrong, from the
verb miss, to err, to go wrong, Goth, inissa ; Sax. mis,
from missian, to err, to deviate or wander.
M1S-A€-CEP-Ta'TION, n. The act of taking or under-
standing in a wrong sense.
MIS-AD-VENT'URE, n. 1, Mischance 5 misfortune; ill
luck ; an unlucky accident. — 2. In law, homicide by mis-
adventure is when a man, doing a lawful act, without
any intention of injury, unfortunately kills another.
MIS-AD-VENT'URED, a. Unfortunate. Shak.
MIS-AD-VIS'ED, (mis ad-vizd') a. Ill-advised : ill-directed.
MIS-AF-FEeT', V. t. To dislike. *
MIS-AF-FECT'ED, a. Ill-disposed.
MIS-AF-FiRM , V. t. To affirm incorrectly.
MIS-aIM'ED, (mis-amd') a. Not rightly aimed or directed.
MIS-AL-LED6E', (mis-al-Iej') v. t. To state erroneously.
MIS-AL-LE-Ga'TION, n. Erroneous statement.
MIS-AL-Ll'ANCE, n. Improper association.
MIS-AL-Ll'ED, (mis-al-lide') a. Ill-allied or associated.
MIS'AN-THRoPE, or MIS-AN'THRO-PIST, u. [Gr. /^crai/-
Qody-Kog.] A hater of mankind. Swift.
MIS-AN-THROP'I€, or MIS-AN-THROP'I-€AL, a. Hating
or having a dislike to mankind.
MIS-AN'THRO-POS, n. A hater of mankind.
MIS-AN'THRO-PY, n. Hatred or dislike to mankind.
MIS-AP-PLI-€a'TION, n. A wrong application ; an appli-
cation to a_ wrong person or purpose.
MIS-AP-PLi'ED, (mis-ap-pllde') ■pp. Applied to a wrong
person or purpose.
MIS-AP-PLY', V. t. To apply to a wrong person or purpose.
MIS-AP-PLY'ING, ppr. Applying to a wrong person or pur-
pose.
MIS-AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. To misunderstand ; to take in a
wrong sense. Locke.
MIS-AP-PRE-HEND'ED, pp. Not rightly understood.
MIS-AP-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Misunderstanding.
MIS-AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. A mistaking or mistake;
wrong apprehension of one's meaning or of a fact.
MIS-AS-€RlBE', v. t. To ascribe falsely or erroneously.
PtIIS-AS-SiGN', (mis-as-sine') v. t. To assign erroneously.
MIS-AT-TEND', v. t. To disregard, Milton.
MIS-BE-t'oME', (mis-be-kum') v. t. Not to become ; to suit
ill ; not to befit. Addison.
MlS-BE-CoM'ING, ppr. or a. Unseemly ; unsuitable ; im-
proper; indecorous.
MIS-BE-€6M'ING-NESS, n. Unbecomingness ; unsuitable-
ness. Boyle.
MIS-BE-GOT', ) ppr. or a. Unlawfully or irregularly
anS-BE-GOT'TEN, \ begotten. Dryden.
MIS-BE-HaVE', v. i. To behave ill ; to conduct one's self
improperly.
MIS-BE-HaVE', v. t. To conduct ill or improperly. Jortin.
MIS-BE-HaV'ED, (mis-be-havd') a. Guilty of ill behavior;
ill-bred ; rude.
MIS-BE-HaV'IOR, (mis-be-hav'yur) n. Ill conduct; im-
proper, rude or uncivil behavior. Addison.
MIS-BE-LIkF', ?8r. Erroneous belief ; false religion.
MIS-BE-LIeVE', v. t. To believe erroneously.
MIS-BE-LIeV'ER, n. One who believes wrongly ; one who
holds a false religion. Dryden.
MIS-BE-LIeV'ING, a. Believing erroneously ; irreligious.
MIS-BE-SEEM', v. t. To suit ill.
MlS-BE-SToW, V. t. To bestow improperly. Milton.
MIS'BORN, a. Born to evil. Spenser.
MIS-CAL'eU-LATE, v. t. To calculate erroneously.
MIS-€AL'€U-LA-TED, pp. Erroneously calculated.
MIS-€AL'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Committing eiTors in calcula-
tion.
MIS-€AL-€U-La'TION, n. Erroneous calculation.
MIS-€ALL', V. t. To call by a wrong name ; to name im-
properly.
MIS-€ALL'ED, (mis-kawld') pp. Misnamed.
MIS-€ALL'ING, ppr. Misnaming.
MIS-CAR'RIAGE, 77. ]. Unfortunate event of an undertak-
ing ; failure. 2. Ill conduct; evil or improper behavior.
3. Abortion ; the act of bringing forth before the time.
MIS-€AR'RY, v.i. 1. To fail of the intended effect ; not to
succeed ; to be unsuccessful ; to suffer defeat. 2. To bring
forth young before the proper time ; to suffer abortion.
MIS-€AR'RY-ING, ppr. Failing of the intended effect ; suf-
fering abortion. Hns. ix.
MIS-CAST', V. t. To cast or reckon erroneously.
MIS-€AST', pp. Erroneously cast or reckoned.
MIS-€aST', n. An erroneous cast or reckoning.
MIS-€aST'ING, -p-pr. Casting or reckoning erroneously.
MIS-CEL-LA-Na'R1-AN, a. Belonging to miscellanies ; of
miscellanies. Shaftshury.
MIS-CEL-LA-Na'RI-AN, n. A writer of miscellanies.
MIS'CEL-LANE, n. [L. miscellaneus .] A mixture of two
or more sorts of grain ; now called meslin.
MIS-CEL-La'NE-OUS, a. fh. miscellaneus.] Mixed; min-
gled ; consisting of several kinds. Milton.
MIS-CEL-La'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being mixed;
composition of various kinds.
MIS'CEL-LA-NY, n. [Fr. miscellanies.] 1. A mass or
mixture of various kinds ; particularly. 2. A book or
pamphlet containing a collection of compositions on vari-
ous subjects, or a collection of various kinds of composi
tions.
t MIS'CEL-LA-NY, a. Miscellaneous. Bacon.
t MIS-CEN'TRE, v. t. To place amiss. Donne.
MIS-CHaNCE', /t. Ill luck ; ill fortune ; misfortune ; mis
hap; misadventure. South.
MIS-CHAR' AC-TER-iZE, v. t. To characterize falsely 01
erroneously ; to give a wrong character to.
MIS-CHARGE', v. t. To mistake in charging, as an ac
count.
MIS-CHARGE', n. A mistake in charging, as an account ;
an erroneous entry in an account.
MIS'CHIEF, (mis'chif) n. [Old Fr. meschef.] I. Harm;
hurt; injury; damage; evil, whether intended or not.
2. Intentional injury ; harm or damage done by design.
3. Ill consequence ; evil ; vexatious affair.
MIS'CHIEF, V. t. To hurt; to harm ; to injure.
MIS'CHIEF-MaK-ER, ?i. One who makes mischief; one
who excites or instigates quarrels or enmity.
MIS'CHIEF-MaK-ING, a. Causing harm ; exciting enmity
or quarrels. Rowe.
MIS'CIIIE-VOUS, (mis'che-vus) a. 1. Harmful ; hurtful ;
injurious ; making mischief. 2. Hurtful ; noxious. 3. In-
clined to do harm.
MIS'CHIE-VOUS-LY, adv. 1. With injury, hurt, loss or
damage. 2. With evil intention or disposition.
MIS'CHIE-VOUS-NESS/ 71. 1. Hurtful ness; noxiousness.
2. Disposition to do harm, or to vex or annoy.
MISCH'NA, n. A part of the Jewish Talrnud. See Mishna.
MIS-CHOOSE', (mis-chooz') v. t. To choose wrong ; to
make a wrong choice. Milton.
MIS-CHoS'EN, pp. Chosen by mistake.
MIS'CI-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be mixed.
MIS-CI-Ta'TION, 71. A wrong citation ; erroneous quota-
tion. Collier.
MtS-ClTE', V. t. To cite erroneously or falsely.
MIS-CLaIM', n. A mistaken claim or demand.
MIS-COM-PU-Ta'TION, n. Erroneous computation ; false
reckoning._ Clarendon.
MIS-COM-PuTE', V. t. To compute or reckon erroneously.
MIS-CON-CeIT', or MIS-CON-CEP'TION, n. Erroneous
conception ; false opinion ; wrong notion or understand-
ing of a thing.
MIS-CON-CeIVE', v. t. or i. To receive a false notion or
opinion of any thing ; to misjudge ; to have an erroneous
understand^ing of any thing.
MIS-CON-CeIV'ED, (mis-kon-seevd') pp. Wrongly under-
stood ; mistaken.
MIS-CON-CeIV'ING, ppr. Mistaking; misunderstanding.
MIS-CON'DUCT, 71. Wrong conduct ; ill behavior ; ill man-
agement. Addison.
MIS-CON-DUCT', V. t. To conduct amiss ; to mismanage.
MIS-CON-DUCT', V. i. To behave amiss.
MIS-CON-DUCT'ED, pp. Ill-managed ; badly conducted.
MIS-CON-DUCT'ING, ppr. Mismanaging ; misbehaving.
MIS-CON-JECT'URE, n. A wrong conjecture or guess.
MIS-CON-JECT'URE, v. t. or i. To guess wrong.
MIS-CON-STRUCTION,7i. Wrong interpretation of words
or things ; a mistaking of the true meaning.
MIS-CON 'STRUE, v.t. To interpret erroneously either
words or things. Dryden.
MIS-CON'STRUED, pp. Erroneously interpreted.
MIS-CON'STRU-ER, n. One who makes a wrong interpre-
tation.
MIS-CON'STRU-ING, ppr. Interpreting wrongly.
t MIS-CON-TIN'U-ANCE, n. Cessation ; intermission.
MIS-COR-RECT', v. t. To correct erroneously ; to mistake
- in attempting to correct another. Drifden.
MIS-COR-RECT'ED, pp. Mistaken in the attempt to cor-
rect.
MIS-COUN'SEL, V. t. To advise wrong. Spenser.
MIS-COUNT', V. t. To count erroneously ; to mistake in
counting.
MIS-COUNT', V. i. To make a wrong reckoning.
MIS-COUNT', n. An erroneous counting or numbering.
t MIS'CRE-ANCE, ) n. Unbelief; false faith; adherence
t MIS'CRE-AN-CY, \ to a false religion. Spenser.
MIS'CRE-ANT, 71. [Fr. m.ecreant.] 1. An infidel, or one
who embraces a false faith. 2. A vile wretch ; an unprin-
cipled fellow.
t MIS-CRE-aTE', } a. Formed unnaturally or illegitimate-
t MIS-CRE-a'TED, \ ly ; deformed.
MJP-DaTE', n. A wrong date.
MIS-DaTE', v. i. TJo date erroneously.
MIS-DEED', n. An evil deed ; a wicked action.
MIS-DEEM', V. t. To judge erroneously ; to misjudge ; to
mistake in judging. Spenser.
MIS-DE-MeAN', v. t. To behave ill. Shak.
MIS-DE-MeAN'OR, n. 1. HI behavior ; evil conduct ; fault ;
mismanagement. South.— 2. In law, an offense of a less
atrocious nature than a crime. Crimes and misdemeanors
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6V ^ ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
MIS
534
MIS
are mere synonymous terms ; but, in common usage, the
word crime is made to denote offenses of a deeper and
more atrocious dye, while small faults and omissions of
less consequence are comprised under the gentler name
of mi&devieanors.
MIS-DE-RlVE', V. t. To turn or apply improperly.
MIS-DE-SERT', n. Ill desert. Spenser.
MIS-DE-Vo TION, n. False devotion ; mistaken piety.
t MIS-Dl'ET, n. Imnroper diet or food. Spenser.
MIS-DI-RE€T', V. U 1. To give a wrong direction to. 2.
To direct to a wrong person or place.
MIS-DI RE€T'ED, pp. JDirected wrong, or to a wrong per-
son or place.
MIS-DI-RE€T'ING, ppr Directing wrong, or to a wrong
person or place.
t MIS-DIS-PO-Si"TION, n. Disposition to evil. Bp. Hall.
MIS-DIS-TIN'GUISH, v. t. To make wrong distinctions.
MIS-DO', V. t. To do wrong ; to do amiss ; to commit a
crime or fault. Milton.
MIS-Do'ER, n. One who does Wrong ; one who commits a
fault or crime, Spenser.
MIS-Do'ING, ppr. Doing wrong ; committing a fault or
crime.
MIS-DO'ING, n. A wrong done ; a fault or crime ; an of-
fense. L'Estrange.
t MIS-DOUBT', (mis-douf) v. t. To suspect of deceit or
danger. Dryden.
t MIS-DOUBT', n. 1. Suspicion of crime or danger. Shak.
2. Irresolution; hesitation. Shak.
t MIS-DOUBT'FUL, a. Misgiving. Spenser.
t MIS-DREAD', (mis-dred') n. Dread of evil. Bp. Hall.
MiSE, (meez) n. [Ft. mis ; Norm, inise.] 1. In Zazo, an is-
sue to be tried at the grand assize. 2. Expense ; cost.
3. A lax or tallage ; in Wales, an honorary gift of the
people to a new king or prince of Wales.
t MIS-eASE', 71. Uneasiness; want of ease. Chaucer.
t MIS- E-Dl"TION, n. Not a genuine edition. Bp. Hall.
MIS-EM-PLOY', v. t. To employ to no purpose, or to a bad
purpose. Addison.
MIS-EM-PLOY'ED, (mis-em-ployd') pp. Used to no pur-
pose, or to a bad one.
MIS-EM-PLOY'ING, ppr. Using to no purpose, or to a bad
one.
MIS-EM-PLOY'MENT, n. Ill employment ; application to
no purpose, or to a bad purpose. Hale.
MIS-EN'TRY, n. An erroneous entry or charge, as of an
account.
Mi'SER, n. [L, miser."] 1. A miserable person ; one wretch-
ed or afBicted ; [o&s.] 2. A wretch ; a mean fellow ; [o&s.]
Shak. 3. An extremely covetous person ; a sordid wretch ;
a niggard ; one who in wealth makes himself miserable by
the fear of poverty.
MIS'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. miserable ; L. miserabilis.] 1.
Very unhappy from grief, pain, calamity, poverty, appre-
hension of evil, or other cause. 2. Very poor ; worth-
less. 3. Causing unhappiness or misery. 4. Very poor
or mean. 5. Very poor or barren. 6. Very low or despi-
MIS'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of misery ; poorness.
MIS'ER-A-BLY, adv. 1. Unhappily; calamitously. 2.
Very poorly or meanly ; wretchedly. 3. In misery or un-
happiness.
Mi'SER-LY, a. Very covetous ; sordid ; niggardly ; parsi-
monious.
MIS'ER-Y, n. [L. miseria.] 1. Great unhappiness ; extreme
pain of body or mind. 2. Calamity ; misfortune ; natural
evils which are the cause of misery. 3. Covetousness ;
[obs.]
fMIS-E-STEEM', 71. Disregard; slight.
MIS-ES'TI-MATE, v. t. To estimate erroneously.
MIS-FALL', V. t. To befall, as ill luck ; to happen to un-
luckily. Spenser.
MIS-FARE', 71. Ill fare ; misfortune. Spenser.
t MIS-FARE', V. i. To be in an ill state.
MIS-FASH'ION, (mis-fash'un) v. t. To form wrong. Hake^cill.
MIS-FeA'SANCE, (mis-t^'zanse) n. [Fr.] In law, a tres-
pass ; a wrong done. Encyc.
t MIS-FEIGN', (mis-fane') V. i. To feign with an ill design.
MIS-FORM', V. t. To make of an ill form ; to put in an ill
shape. Spenser.
MIS-FOR'TUNE, n. Ill fortune ; ill luck ; calamity ; an
evil or cross accident. .Addison.
MIS-FOR'TUNED, a. Unfortunate. Milton.
MIS-GIVE', (mis-giv') v. t. 1. To fill with doubt ; to de-
prive of confidence ; to fail ; usually applied to the heart.
2. To give or grant amiss ; {obs.]
MIS-GIVING, ppr. Filling with doubt or distrust ; fail-
ing.
MIS-GlV'ING, n. A failing of confidence ; doubt ; distrust.
MIS-GOT'TEN, a. Unjustly obtained.
MIS-G6V'ERN, v. t. To govern ill ; to administer unfaith-
fully. Knolles.
MIS-GOVERN- ANCE, n. Ill government ; disorder ; irreg-
ularity. Spenser.
MIS-G6VERNED,p;>. 1. Ill-governed; badly administer-
ed. 2. Rude; unrestrained. Shak.
MIS-G6VERN-MENT, n. 1. Ill administration of public
affairs. 2. Ill management in private affairs. 3. Irreg-
ularity ; disorder.
MIS-GRAFF', V. t. To graft amiss.
MIS-GROUND', V. t. To found erroneously. Hall.
MIS-GUlD'ANCE, n. Wrong direction ; guidance into er-
ror. South.
MIS-GUlDE', v.t. To lead or guide into error; to direct
ill.
MIS-GUlD'ED. pp. Led astray by evil counsel or wrong di-
rection^ Prior.
MIS-GUlD'ING, ppr. Giving wrong direction to ; leading
into eiTor.
MIS'GUM, \ n. An anguilliform fish about the size of a
MIS'GURN, \ common eel.
MIS-HAP', n. Ill chance ; ill luck ; misfortune. Shak.
MIS-HAP'PEN, V. i. To happen ill. Spenser.
MIS-HeAR', v. t. To mistake in hearing.
MISH'MASH, 71. [Teut. misch-masch.] A mingle, or hotch
potch.
MISH'NA, n. A collection or digest of Jewish traditions
and explanations of Scripture.
MISH'NIC, a. Pertaining or relating to the Mishna.
MIS-IM-PR5VE', (mis-im-proov') v. t. To improve to a
bad purpose ; to abuse.
MIS-IM-PRoVED, (mis-im-proov d') j3p. Used to a bad pur-
pose.
MIS-IM-PROVE'MENT, (mis-im-proov'ment) n. Ill use or
employment ; improvement to a bad purpose.
MIS-IN-FER', V. t. To draw a wrong inference.
MIS-IN-FORM', V. t. To give erroneous information to ; U>
communicate an incorrect statement of facts.
t MIS-IN-FORM', V. i. To make false information.
MIS-IN-FORM-A'TION, n. Wrong information ; false ae^
count Of intelligence received. South.
MIS-IN-FORM'ED, (mis-in-formd');)p. Wrongly informee.
MIS-IN-FORM'ER, n. One that gives wrong information
MIS-IN-FORM'ING, ppr. Communicating erroneous in
formation to.
MIS-IN-STRUGT', v. t. To instruct amiss. Hooker.
MIS-IN-STRCC'TION, *. Wrong instruction. More.
BIIS-IN-TEL'LI-GENCE, n. Wrong information ; disagree-
ment.
MIS-IN-TER'PRET, v. t. To interpret erroneously ; to un
derstand or to explain in a wrong sense.
MIS-IN-TER-PRE-Ta'TION, n. The act of interpreting
erroneously.
MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ED, a. EiToneously understood or ei
plained.
MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ER, n. One who interprets erron&
ously.
MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ING, ppr. Erroneously interpreting.
MIS-JOIN', V. t. To join unfitly or improperly. Dryden.
MIS-JOIN'ED, (mis-joind') pp. Improperly united.
MIS-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joining unfitly or improperly.
MIS-JUDGE', (mis-judj') v. t. To mistake in judging of; to
judge erroneously. UEstronge.
MIS-JUDGE', (mis-judj') v. i. "To err in judgment ; toforit
false opinions or notions.
MIS-JUDG'ED, (mis-judjd') pp. Judged erroneously.
MIS-JUDG'ING, ppr. Judging erroneously of; forming a
wrong opinion or inference.
MIS-JUDG'MENT, n. A wrong or unjust determination.
MIS'KIN, n. A little bagpipe.
MIS-KIN'DLE, v. t. To kindle amiss ; to inflame to a bad
purpose.
MIS-LaID', pp. Laid in a wrong place, or place not recol-
lected; lost.
MIS-LaY', v. t. 1. To lay in awrong place. Locke. 2. To
lay in a place not recollected ; to lose. Swift.
MIS-LaY'ER, 71. One that lays in a wrong place ; one that
loses. Bacon.
MIS-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying in a wrong place, or place not
remembered; losing.
MIS'LE, (miz'zl) v. i. [from mist, and properly mistle.] To
ram in very fine drops, like a thick mist. Oay.
MIS'LE, n. Small, misty rain. [See Mizzle.] In the Cra-
ven dialect, mislin.
MIS-LeAD', v. t. ; pret. and pp. misled. To lead into a
wrong way or path ; to lead astray ; to guide into error ;
to cause to mistake ; to deceive.
MIS-LeAD'ER, 71. One who leads into error.
MIS-LeAD'ING, ppr. Leading into error ; causing to err •
deceiving.
t MIS-LEARN'ED, (mis-lernd') a. Not really or properly
learned,
MIS-LED', pp. of mislead. Led into error ; led a wrong
way._
MIS-LiKE', V. t. To dislike ; to disapprove ; to have aver-
sion to. Raleigh.
MIS-LiKE', n. Dislike ; disapprobation ; aversion.
MIS-LlK'ED, (mis-likf) pp. Disliked ; disapproved.
*See Synopsis 5, E, I, O, t) 'f, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete
MIS
535
MIS
MIS-LTK'ER, n. One that dislikes.
MIS-LiK'ING, -ppr. Disliking j disapproving.
MISMN. See Meslin.
\ MlS-LiVE', (mis-liv') v. i. To live amiss. Spenser.
MIS-LUeK', n. Ill luck j misfortune.
MIS'LY, a. Raining in very small drops.
IMIS-MAiN'AGE, v. t. To manage ill j to administer improp-
erly.
MIS-MAN' A6E, v. i. To behave ill; to conduct amiss.
MIS-MAN'AGED, pp. Ill-managed or conducted.
INIIS-MAN'AOE-JMENT, n. Ill or improper management ;
iH conduct.
MIS-MAN' A-6ER, n. One that manages ill. Burke.
MIS-BIAN'A-6ING, ppr. Managing iU.
MIS-MARK', V. t. To mark with the wrong token ; to mark
erroneously. Collier.
MIS-MaRK'ED, (mis-markf) pp. Wrongly marked.
MIS-MARK'ING, ppr. Marking eiToneously.
MIS-MATCH', V. t. To match unsuitably. Southern.
MIS-MATCPI'ED, (mis-matchf) pp. Unsuitably matched ;
iU jomed.
MIS-MATCH'ING, ppr. Matching in an unsuitable man-
ner.
MIS-MEAS'URE, (mis-mezh'ur) v. t. To measure incon-ectly.
MIS-NAMEf , V. i. To call by the wrong name. Boyle.
MIS-NaM'ED, (mis-namd') pp. Called "by a wrong name.
MIS-NaM'ING, ppr. Calling by a wrong name.
MIS-No'MER, n. [Old Fr. mes and nommer.] In law, the
mistaking of the true name of a person ; a misnaming.
t MIS-O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. Erroneous obedience or disobe-
dience. Milton.
MIS-OB-SERVE', (mis-ob-zerv') v. t. To observe inaccu-
rately ; to mistake in observ^ing, Locke.
MI-SOG'A-MIST, 71. [Gr. ixicew and yaixog.] A hater of
marriage.
* MI-S06'Y-NIST, 71. [Gr. /ii(7£w and yw?7.] A woman hat-
er. [UnusvMl.] Fuller.
* MI-SOG'Y-NY, 71. Hatred of the female sex.
MIS-O-PIN'ION, 71, Erroneous opinion. Bp. Hall.
I MIS-OR'DER, V. t. 1. To order ill ; to manage erroneous-
ly. 2. To manage ill ; to conduct badly. Shak.
t MIS-OR'DER, n. Irregularity; disorderly proceedings.
MIS-OR'DER-LY, a. Irregular; disorderly. Ascham.
MIS-PELL', MIS-PEND', &c. See Mis-spell, Mis-
spend.
iVIIS-PER-S UaDE', (mis-per-swade') v. t. To persuade amiss,
or to lead to_a wrong notion. Hooker.
MIS-PER-SUa'SION, 71. A false persuasion ; wrong notion
or opinion. Decay of Piety.
MIS-PIK'EL, n. Arsenical pyrites ; an ore of arsenic.
MIS-PLaCE', v. t. 1. To put in a wrong place. 2. To place
on an improper object. Sowth.
MIS-PLa'CED, (mis-plasf) pp. Put in a wrong place, or on
an impi-oper object.
MIS-PLa'CING, ppr. Putting in a wrong place, or on a
wrong_object.
MIS-PLeAD', v. i. To eiT in pleading. Blackstone.
MIS-PLeAD'ING, ppr. Making a mistake in pleading.
MIS-PLeAD'ING, 71. A mistake in pleading.
MIS-POINT', V. t. To point improperly ; to err in punctua-
tion.
MIS-PRINT', V. t. To mistake in printing ; to print wrong.
MIS-PRINT', 71. A mistake in ijrinting ] a deviation from
the copy. Ch. Obs.
MIS-PRINT'ED, pp. Erroneously printed.
MIS-PRINT'ING, pp?-. Printing wrong.
MIS-PRISE', or MIS-PRiZE', v. t. [Fr. mepris.'\ 1. To
mistake. Shak. 2. To slight or undervalue.
MIS-PRIS'ION, (mis-prizh'un) ti. 1. Neglect ; contempt.—
2. In law, any high offense under the degree of capital,
but nearly bordering thereon. — Misprision of treason con-
sists in a bare knowledge and concealment of treason,
without assenting to it. 3. Mistake ; oversight ; con-
tempt ; [o&5.]
MIS-PRO-CEED'ING, 7i. Wrong or irregular proceeding.
MIS-PRO-FESS', V. t. To make a false profession ; to make
pretensions to skill which is not possessed.
MIS-PR O-NOUNCE', (mis-pro-nouns') v. t. To pronounce
erroneously.
MIS-PRO-NO UNCE', v. i. To speak incorrectly.
MIS-PRO-NUN-CI-A'TION, 71. A wrong or improper pro-
nunciation^ Swift.
MIS-PRO-PoR'TTON, v. t. To err in proportioning one
thing to another ; to join without due proportion.
t MIS-PROUD', a. Viciously proud. Shak.
MIS-QUO-Ta'TION, 71. An erroneous quotation ; the act
of quotijig wrong.
MIS-Q,UoTE', v. t. To quote erroneously ; to cite incor-
rectly.
MIS-OUoT'ED, pp. Incorrectly quoted or cited.
MIS-0„roT'lNG, ppr. Quoting or citing erroneously.
MIS-RaTE', v. t. To rate erroneously ; to estimate falsely.
MIS-RE-CeIVE', v. t. To receive amiss or improperly.
MIS-RE-CI'TAL, 71. An inaccurate recital.
MIS-RE-CiTE', v. t. To recite erroneously. Bramludt.
mS-RE-ClT'ED, pp. Recited inconectly.
MIS-RE-ClT'ING, ppr. Reciting erroneously.
MIS-RE€K'0N, v. t. To reckon or impute wrong.
MIS-RE€K'ONED,pp. Reckoned or computed erroneously
MIS-REGK'ON-ING, ppr. Reckoning wrong ; and, as a
710M71, an erroneous computation.
MIS-RE-LaTE', v. t. To relate falsely or inaccurately.
MIS-RE-LaT'ED, pp. Erroneously related or told.
MIS-RE-LaT'ING, ppr. Relatmg or telling en'oneously,
MIS-RE-La'TION, 71. Erroneous relation or narration.
MIS-RE-MEM'BER, ?;. t. To mistake in remembering; rot
to remember correctly. Boyle.
MIS-RE-MEM'BERED, pp. Inaccuratelv recollected.
MIS-RE-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Remembering inaccui-ately.
MIS-RE-PoRT', V. t. To report erroneously ; to give an in-
correct account of. Locke.
MIS-RE-PoRT', 71. An en-oneous report ; a false or incor-
rect account given. South.
MIS-RE-PoRT'ED, pp. Incorrectly reported.
MIS-EE-PoRT'ING, ppr. Reporting incorrectly.
MIS-REP-RE-SENT', v. t. To represent falsely or incor-
rectly ; to give a false or erroneous representation, either
maliciously, ignorantly or carelessly.
MIS-REP-RE-SEN-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of giving a
false or eiToneous representation. 2. A false or incorrect
account given.
MIS-REP-RE-SENT'ED, pp. Falsely or erroneously repre-
sented.
MIS-REP-RE-SENT'ER, 71. One who gives a false or er-
roneous account.
JIIS-REP-RE-SENT'ING, ppr. Giving a false or erroneous
representation.
MIS-RE-PuTE', v. t. To have in wrong estimation.
MIS-RE-PuT'ED, pp. or a. Erroneously reputed.
MIS-RuLE', n. 1. Disorder ; confusion ; tumult from in-
subordination. Pope. 2. Unjust domination.
MIS-Ru'LY, a. Unruly ; ungovernable ; turbulent.
MISS, 71. [supposed by Bailey to be contracted from mis-
tress. But probably it is from the Armoric mesell, a. young
lady, or contracted from Fr. demoiselle.] 1. The title of a
young woman or girl. 2. A kept mistress ; a prostitute
retained ; a concubine.
MISS, v.t. [Sax. missian; D., G. missen.] 1. To fail in
aim ; to fail of reaching the object ; not to hit. 2. To fail
of finding the right way ; to err in attempting to find. 3.
To fail of obtaining. 4. To learn or discover that some-
thing is wanting, or not where it was supposed to be. 5.
To be without; [obs.] 6. To omit; to pass by; to go
without ; to fail to have. 7. To perceive the want of. 8.
To fail of seeing or finding.
MISS, v.i. 1. To fail to hit ; to fly wide ; to deviate from
the true direction. 2. Not to succeed ; to fail. 3. To fail ;
to miscarry, as by accident. 4. To fail to obtain, learn
or find. 5. To fail ; to mistake.
MISS, 71. 1. Loss; want. 2. Mistake ; error ; [little used.]
3. Harm from mistake ; [obs.]
MIS'SAL, 7i. [It. 7aessaZe ; Fr. 7ftisseZ.] The Romish mass-
book^ Stilling fleet.
MIS-SaY', v. t. To say wrong ; to slander. [Little used.]
Spenser.
MIS-SaY', v. i. To speak ill. Spenser.
MIS-SaY'ING, 71. Wrong expression. Milton.
MIS-SEEM', v. i. 1. To make a false appearance. Spenser
2. To misbecome ; [obs.] Spenser.
Mli'llLlBiRD, i "• ^ ^P^^^^' of thrush.
t MIS'SEL-DINE, n. The mistletoe. Barret.
MIS-SEM'BLANCE, n. False resemblance. Spelman.
MIS SEND', V. t. To send amiss or incorrectiy.
MIS-SERVE', (mis-serv') v. t. To serve unfaithfully.
MIS-SHaPE', v. t. To shape ill ; to give an ill form to ; to
deform. Spenser.
MIS-SHaP'ED, (mis-shapf) ) pp. Hl-formed ; deformed ;
MIS-SHaP'EN, \ ugly.
MIS-SHaP'ING, ppr. Giving an ill shape to.
MIS'SlLE, a. [L. missilis.] Thrown or sent, or that may
be thrown.
MISS'ING, ppr. 1. Failing to hit, to reach or to find ; dis-
covering to be wanting. 2. a. Lost; absent from the
place where it was expected to be found ; wanting.
MIS'SION, 71. [L. 77(15^-10.] 1. A sending or being sent,
usually the latter ; a being sent or delegated by authority,
with certain powers for transacting business; commis-
sion. 2. Pei-sons sent ; any number of persons appoint-
ed by authority to perform any service ; particularly, the
persons sent to propagate religion. 3. Dismission ; dis-
charge from service ; [obs.] 4. Faction ; party ; [obs.]
IIS'SION-A-I ^ ~ - . - - ^
gate religion.
vice ; [oi
, 71. [Fr.
missionaire.] One sent to propa-
MIS'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to missions.
MIS'SION- ATE, V. i. To perform the services of a mission-
ary. An unauthorized word, sometimes used in America.
* Set Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— RTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as .T ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tkis. f Obsolete.
MIS
536
MIT
t MIS-SION-ER, for inissioTwnj.
MIS'SiVE, a. [Fr.] 1. Such as is sent. 2. Thrown or
sent, or such as may be sent. Dryden.
MIS'SiVE, 71. A letter sent, or a messenger^ Bacon.
MIS-SPeAK', v. i. To err or mistake in speaking.
MIS-SPeAK', v. t. To utter wrong. Donne.
MIS-SPELL', V. t. To spell wrong ; to write or utter with
wrong letters.
MIS-SPELL'ED, (mis-speld') ) pp. Spelled wrong, or with
MIS-SPELT', \ wrong letters.
MIS-SPELL'ING, ppr. Spelling wrong.
MIS-SPELL'ING, n. A wrong spelling; false orthogra-
phy-
MIS-SPEND', V. t. 1. To spend amiss ; to waste or con-
sume to no purpose, or to a bad one. 2. To waste.
MIS-SPEND'ER, n. One that consumes prodigally or im-
properly. J^Torris.
MIS-SPEND'ING, ppr. Spending to no purpose, or to a bad
one.
MIS-SPENSE', (mis-spens') n. A spendmg improperly ; a
wasting.
MIS-SPENT', ppr. Ill-spent ; expended or consumed to no
purpose, or to a bad one.
MIS-IpSk^'n j ^^' Uttered or spoken amiss.
MIS-STaTE', v. t. To state wrong ; to make an erroneous
representation of facts
MIS-STaT'ED, pp. Stated erroneously.
MIS-STaTE'jMENT, 71. A wrong statement; an erroneous
representation, verbal or written.
MIS-STaT'ING, ppr. Stating falsely or erroneously.
MIS'SY, n. The sulphate of iron calcined.
MIST, 71. [Sax., D. mist.'] 1. Water falling in very nu-
merous, but fine, and almost imperceptible drops. 2.
That which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts
vision.
MIST, V. t. To cloud ; to cover with vapor. Shak.
MIST-EN-€UM'BERED, a. Loaded with mist. J. Bar-
low.
MIS-TaK'A-BLE, a; That may be mistaken.
MIS-TaKE', v. t. 1. To take wrong; to conceive or un-
dei-stand erroneously ; to misunderstand or misappre-
hend. 2. To take one thing or person for another.
MIS-TaKE', v. i. To en- in opinion or judgment.
MIS-TaKE', 71. 1. An error in opinion or judgment; mis-
conception. 2. A slip ; a fault ; an error.
MIS-TaK'EN. In the use of this participle, there is a pe-
culiarity which ought to be carefully noticed. When
used of persons, it signifies to be in an error, to be icrong ;
as, I am mistaken, you are mistaken, he is mistaken. But
when used of things, it signifies misunderstood, misconceic-
ed : as, the sense of the passage is mistaken, that is, not
rightly understood.
MI&-TaK'ER, 71. One that mistaltes or misunderstands.
MIS-TaK'ING, ppr. Making a mistake; erring from the
tnith; misconceiving.
MIS-TaK'ING, 71. An error ; a mistake. Hall.
MIS-TaK'ING-LY, adv. Erroneously ; falsely. Boyle.
MIS-TAUGHT', pp. Wrongly taught. L'Estrange.
MIS-TeACH', v. t. To teach wrong ; to instruct errone-
ously^ Sanderson.
MIS-TeACH'ING, ppr. Instructing erroneously.
MIS-TELL', V. t. To tell erroneously.
MIS-TEM'PER, V. t. To temper ill ; to disorder.
MIS-TEM'PERED, pp. Tempered ill.
MIS'TER, n. [The pronunciation of this word is probably
from the Welsh, German or Dutch dialect. See Master.]
The common title of address to gentlemen, and to men of
all classes. In icriting, it is expressed by the abbrevia-
tion Mr.
t IMIS'TER, V. t. [Sw. mista.'] To occasion loss.
MIS-TERM', V. t. To term or denominate erroneously.
MIS-TERM'ED, (mis-termd') pp. Wrongly denominated.
MIS-TERM'ING, ppr. Denominating erroneously.
MIST'FUL, fl. Clouded with mist.
MIS-THINK', V. i. To think wrong. [Little 2Lsed.] Shak.
MIS-THOUGHT', ;>p. of misthink. Thought wrong of.
MIS-TiME', v. t. To time wrong ; not to adapt to the
time._
MIS-TlME', V. i. To neglect the proper time.
MIS-TlMED, (mis-timd') pp. Ill-timed ; done at a wrong
time^
MIS-TiM'ING, ppr. Ill-timing ; doing unseasonably.
>nST'I-NESS, 71. A state of being misty; a state of thick
rain in very small drops. Bacon.
MIS'TION, 7!. [L. mistus, mixtus.] 1. A state of being
mixed. 2. Mixture ; a mingling. Boyle.
MIS-TrTLE, V. t. To call by a wrong title or name.
MIS-Tl'TLED, pp. Wrongly named.
MIS'TLE, (miz'l) v. i. To fall in very fine drops, as rain.
SeeMissLE.
MIS'TLE-ToE, ) , • , . ^. \ n. [Sax. mistelta.-] A plant
MIS'LE-ToE, \ '■""^ ^' ^^' I or shmb that grows on
trees, and was held in great veneration by the Druids.
MIST'LiKE, a. Resembling mist. Shak.
MIS-ToLD', pp. Erroneously told. -See Tell.
MIS-TOQK', prfi£. of mistake.
MIS-TRaIN', v. t. To train or educate amiss.
MIS-TRANS-LaTE', v. t. To translate erroneously.
]\nS-TRANS-LAT'ED, pp. Erroneously rendered into an-
other language.
MIS-TRANS-LAT'ING,p^>r. Translating incorrectly.
MIS-TRANS-La'TION, 71. An erroneous translation or
version.
MIS'TRESS, 71, [Fr. mattresse ; It. maestra, maestressa.]
1. A woman who governs. 2. The female head of a fam
Uy. 3. That which governs ; a sovereign. 4. One that
commands, or has possession and sovereignty. 5. A fe-
male who is weU skilled in any thing. 6. A woman
teacher; an instructress of a school. 7. A woman belov-
ed and courted. 8. A woman in keeping for lewd pur-
poses. 9. A term of contemptuous address.
MIS'TRESS, V. t. To wait upon a mistress ; to be court-
ing.
MIS'TRESS-PIeCE, 71. Chief ornament ; capital distinc-
tion, as applied to a woman. I^ord Herbert.
MIS'TRESS-SHIP, 7!. Female rule or dominion.
MIS-TRUST', n. [Dan. mistrdst.] Want of confidence or
trust ; suspicion. Milton.
MIS-TRUST', v.t. [Dan. mistroer.] To suspect ; to doubt ;
to regard with jealousy or suspicion.
MIS-TRUST'ED, pp. Suspected-
MIS-TRUST'FUL, a. Suspicious ; doubting ; wanting con-
fidence in. Waller.
MIS-TRUST'FUL-NESS, n. Suspicion ; doubt.
MIS-TRUST'FUL-LY, adv. With suspicion or doubt.
MIS-TRUST'ING, ppr. Suspecting ; having no confidence
in.
MIS-TRUST'ING-LY, adv. With distrust or suspicion.
MIS-TRUST'LESS, a. Unsuspecting ; unsuspicious.
MIS-TuNE'.T). t. To tune wrong or erroneously ; to put out
of tune. Skelto7i.
t MIS-TURN', V. t. To pervert.
MIS-Tu'TOR, V. t. To instruct amiss.
MIST'Y, a. 1. Overspread with mist ; filled with very mi
nute drops of rain. 2. Dim; obscure; clouded.
MIS-UN-DER-STAND', v.t. To misconceive ; to mistake,
to take in a wrong sense. Jiddison.
MIS-UN-DER-STAND'ING, ppr. Mistaking the meaning.
MIS-UN-DER-STAND'ING, n. 1. Misconception ; mistake
of the meaning ; error. Bacon. 2. Disagreement ; difier-
ence ; dissension. Swift,
MIS-UN-DER-STOOD', pp. Misconceived ; mistaken ; un-
derstood erroneously. South.
BIIS-US'AGE, (mis-yu'zaje) n. Ill usage ; abuse.
MIS-USE', (mis-yuze') v. t. [Fr. mesuser.] 1. To treat oi
use improperly ; to use to a bad purpose. Milton. 2. To
abuse ; to treat ill.
MIS-USE', (mis-yuse') n. 1. lU treatment ; improper use ,
employruent to a bad pui-pose. 2. Abuse ; ill treatment
3. Wrong application ; misapplication ; erroneous use.
MIS-US'ED, (niis-yuzd') pp. Improperly used or applied ;
misapplied ; misemployed ; abused.
MIS-US'ING, (mis-yu'zing) ppr. Using improperly; abus-
ing ; misapplying.
MIS- VOUCH', V. t. To vouch falsely.
t MIS-^^T^aR', v. t. To wear ill. Bacon.
MIS-WED', V. t. To wed improperly.
]\IIS-WED'DED,p^. Ill-matched.
MIS-WEEN', V. i. To misjudge ; to distrust. Spenser.
t MIS-WEND', V. i. To go wrong. Spenser.
MIS-WRTTE', v. t. To write incorrectlv. Bp. Cosin.
MIS-WROUGHT', (mis-rawf) a. Badly wrought.
MIS'Y._ See Missy.
MIS-YoKE', V. t. To yoke improperlv. Milton.
MIS-ZEAL'OUS, (mis-zel'us) a. Actuated by false zeal.
MITE, n. [Sax. mite ; Fr. mite.'] 1. A very small insect ot
the genus ocarus. — 2. In Scripture, a small piece of money,
the quarter of a denarius, or about seven English far-
things. 3. Any thing proverbially very small; a very
little particle or quantity. 4. The twentieth part of a
grain.
MI-TEL'LA, 71. A plant.
MITH'IC. See Mythic.
MITH'RI-DATE, n. In pharmacy, an antidote against poi-
son. It takes its name from Mithridates, king of Pontus,
the inventor.
MITH-RI-DAT'I€, a. Pertaining to mithridate, or its in-
ventor, Mithridates.
MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be mitigated. Barrow.
MIT'I-GANT, a. [L. mitigans.] 1. Softening ; lenient ;
lenitive. 2. Diminishing; easing; as pain.
MIT'I-GATE, V. t. [L. mitigo.] 1. To aheviate, as suffer-
ing ; to assuage ; to lessen. 2. To make less severe. 3.
To abate ; to make less rigorous ; to moderate. 4. To
temper ; to moderate ; to soften in harshness or severity.
5. To calm ; to appease ; to moxierate. 6. To diminish ;
to render more tolerable. 7. To reduce in amount or
* See Synopsia. A, E, T, O, O, Y, long.~FAR, FALL WHAT ;— PREY j— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
MOB
537
MOD
severity. 8. To soften, or make mild and accessible j in
a literal sense.
MIT'I-GA-TED, pp. Softened; aUeviated 3 moderated j di-
minished.
MIT'I-GA-TING, ppr. Softening ; alleviating ; tempering ;
moderating ; abating.
MIT-I-Ga'TION, 71. [L. mitigaiio.] Alleviation ; abatement
or diminution of any tUing painful, harsli, severe, afflict-
ive or calamitous.
MIT'I-GA-TIVE, a. Lenitive ; tending to alleviate.
MIT'I-GA-TOR, 71. He or that which mitigates.
Mr'TRE, ) n. [It., Sp. mitra ; Fr. mitre.] ]. A sacerdotal
Mi'TER, \ ornament worn on the head by bishops and
certain abbots on solemn occasions. — 2. In architecture,
an angle of 45°. — 3. In IrisJi history, a sort of base money
or coin. — 1. Figuratively, the dignity of bishops or abbots.
MI'T.RE, V. t. 1. To adorn with a mitre. 2. To unite at an
angle of 45''.
MI'TRED, pp. or a. 1. Wearing a mitre. 2. Honored with
the privilege of wearing a mitre. 3. Cut or joined at an
angle of 45'='.
MITTEN, 71. [Fr. mitaine.] 1. A cover for the hand, worn
to defend it from cold or other injury. 2. A cover for the
arm only. — To handle without mittens, to treat roughly 5 a
covtoquial phrase.
\ MIT'TENT, a. [L. mittens.] Sending forth ; emitting.
MIT'TI-MUS, 71. [L. we send.] 1. InZffiw,a warrant from a
justice of commitment to prison. 2. A writ for removing
records from one court to another.
Mi'TU, n. A fowl of the turkey kind, found in Brazil.
Mi'TY, a. [from mite.] Having or abounding with mites.
MIX. V. t. ; pret. and pp. mixed, or mixt. [Sax. viiscan ; G.
mischen; 1,. misceo, viixtum.] 1. To unite or blend pro-
miscuously two or more ingredients into a mass or com-
pound. 2. To join ; to associate ; to unite with in com-
pany. 3. To join ; to mingle. 4. To unite with a crowd
or multitude.
MIX, V. i. 1. To become united or blended promiscuously
in a mass or compound. 2. To be joined or associated.
MIXED, pp. 1. United in a promiscuous mass or compound ;
blended ; joined ; mingled ; associated. 2. a. Promiscu-
ous ; consisting of various kinds or different things.
MIX'EN, 71. A dunghill ; a laystall. Johnson.
MIX'ER, ?i. One who mixes or mingles.
MIX'ING, ppr. Uniting or blending in a mass or compound ;
joining m company ; associating.
MIX-TI-LIN'E-AL, / a. [L. mixtus and linea.] Containins:
MIX-TI-LIX'E-AR, I a mixture of lines.
MIX'TIOX, n. [Fr. ; L. mixtiLs.] Mixture 3 promiscuous
assemblage. Brown.
IMIXT'LY, adv. With mixture. Bacon.
MIXT'URE, 71. [L. mixtiira.] i. The act of mixing, or state
of being mixed, 2. A mass or compound, consisting of
different ingredients blended without order. 3. The in-
gredient added and mixed. — 4. In pharmacy, a liquid
medicine.— 5. Inchemistry, the blending of se\^eral ingre-
dients without an alteration of the substances. In combi-
nation, the substances unite by chemical attraction, and,
losing their distinct properties, they form a compound
differing in its properties from either of the ingredients.
MIZ'MAZE, 7!. A cant word for a maze or labyrinth.
MIZ'ZEX, (mizn) n. [It. inezzana.] In sea-language. Die
altermost of the fixed sails of a ship.
MIZ'ZEN-MaST, ?i. The mast which supports the after-
sails, and stands nearest to the stern.
MIZ'ZLE, 71. SmaU rain.
MIZZLE, «.i. Tomistle. See Mistle.
MIZ'ZY, 7!. A bog or quagmire. Ainsworth.
MNE-MON'I€, (ne-mon'ik) a. Assisting the memory.
MNE-MON'I€S, n. [Gr. nvrjiioviKos.] The art of memory :
precepts and rules for assisting the memory.
tMO, a. [Sax. ma ; Scot, ma.] More, Spenser.
MoAN, V. t. [Sax. miBnan.] To lament ; to deplore ; to be-
wail with an audible voice.
MoAN , V. i. To grieve ; to make lamentations.
MoAN, 7(. Lamentation; audible expression of sorrow ;
grief expressed in words or cries.
MoANED, pp. Lamented ; deplored.
MoAX'FUL, a. Sorrowful ; expressing sorrow
]MoAX'FTJL-LY, adv. With lamentation.
IMoAX'ING, ppr. Lamenting ; bewailing.
Mo AT, 7; . [li. 7nota; Fr. motte.] In fortification, a. ditch or
deep trench round the rampart of a castle or other fortified
place.
MoAT, V. t. To suiTound with a ditch for defense.
MOB, n. [from L. mobilis.] 1. A crowd or promiscuous
multitude of people, rude, tumultuous and disorderly. 2.
A disorderly assembly. 3. A huddled dress.
MOB, V. t. L To attack in a disorderly crowd ; to harass
tumultuously. 2. To wrap up in a cowl or vail.
MOB BIS H, a. Like a mob ; tumultuous ; mean ; vulgar.
MOB€AP, 71. [D. mop.] A plain cap or head-dress for fe-
males.
* I Mo'BiLE, a. [Fr.] Movable. Skelton. .
* Mo'BiLE, n. [Fr. 3 L. mobilis.] The tadb ; the populace.
South.
Pri'muni mob'i-le, n. [L.] In the ancient astronomy, a ninth
heaven or sphere, supposed to be beyond the fixed stars,
and to be the first mover of all the lower spheres.
MO-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. mobilite ; L. mobilitas.] 1. Suscepti-
bility of motion ; capacity of being moved. 2. Aptitude
to motion ; activity ; readiness to move. — 3. In cant lan-
guage, the populace. 4. Fickleness ; inconstancy.
MOBLE, (mobbl) v. t. To wrap the head in a hood. Shak
MOe'€A-SON, n. A shoe or cover for the feet, without a
sole ; the customary shoe worn by the native Indians.
MO'€HA-STONE, n. [from Mocha.] Dendritic agate.
MO€K, V. t. [Fr. moquer.] 1. To imitate in contempt or
derision ; to mimick for the sake of derision ; to deride by
mimicry. 2. To deride ; to laugh at ; to ridicule ; to treat
with scorn or contempt. 3. To defeat ; to illude ; to dis-
appoint ; to deceive. 4. To fool 3 to tantalize 3 to play on
in contempt.
MO€K, V. i. To make sport in contempt or in jest, or to
speak jestingly.
MOGK, 7t. I. Ridicule ; derision ; sneer ; an act manifesting
contempt. 2. Imitation 5 mimicry 3 [little used.]
MO€K, a. False 5 counterfeit 3 assumed ; imitating reality,
but not real.
MOCK'-LEAD, or MO€K'-oRE, n. A sulphuret of zink, the
same as blend, which see.
MO€K'-OR-AXGE, n. A plant of the genus philadelphus.
MOCK'-PRIVET, n. A plant of the genns pMUijrea.
MOCK'A-BLE, a. Exposed to derision. [Little used.] Shak.
t MO€K'AGE, n. Mockery. Elyot.
MOCKED, pp. Imitated or miaiicked in derision 5 laughed
at ; ridiculed 3 defeated 3 illuded.
MOCK'ER, 71. 1. One that mocks 3 a scorner 3 a scoffer 3 a
derider. South. 2. A deceiver 5 an impostor.
MO€K'ER-Y, 7!. 1. The act of deriding and exposing to
contempt, by mimicking the words or actions of another
2. Derision 3 ridicule 3 sportive insult 01 contempt 3 con
temptuous merriment at persons or things. 3. Sport ,
subject of laughter. 4. Vain imitation or eflort 3 that
which deceives, disappoints or frustrates. 5. Imitation ,
counterfeit appearance 3 false show.
MO€K'E-SON, 77, The name of a serpent.
MO€K'ING,ppr. Imitating in contempt 3 mimicking 3 ridi
culing by mimicry 3 treating with sneers and scorn 3 de-
feating 3 deluding.
MOCK'IKG, n. Derision 3 insult.
MO€K'ING-BiRD, 71. The mocking thrush of America 3 a
bird of the genus turdus.
MOCK'IXG-LY, adv. By way of derision 3 in contempt.
MO€K'ING-STO€K, 7;. A butt of sport.
MOC'KLE. SeeMicKLE.
Mo'DAL, a. Consisting in mode only 5 relating to form ;
having the form without the essence or reality.
MO-DAL'I-TY, n. The quality of being modal, or being in
form only.
MOD'DER, 7i. A wench, or girl. Huloet.
MODE, 7!. [Fr. mode ; L. modus 3 Sp., It. modo.] 1. Man-
ner of existing or being 3 manner ; method 3 form ; fash-
ion 3 custom , way. 2. Gradation ; degree, 3. State ;
quality. Shak. — 4. In metaphysics, the dependence or af-
fection of a substance. — 5. In music, a regular disposition
of the air and accompaniments relative to certain pruici
pal sounds. — 6. In grammar, a particular manner of con
jugating verbs 3 usually written mood. [See Mood.] 7
A kind of silk.
MOD'EL, (mod'dl) n. [Fr. modelle.] 1. A pattern of some
thing to be made 3 any thing of a particular form, shape or
construction, intended for imitation ; a small pattern 3 a
form in miniature. 2. A mold ; something intended to
give shape to castings. 3. Pattern 3 example. 4. Stand-
ard 3 that by which a thing is to be measured.— 5 In
painting and sculpture, that which is tc be copied or imi
tated. 6. A pattern 3 any thing to be imitated. 7. A
copy ; representation 3 something made in imitation of
real life.
MOD'EL, V. t. [Fr. modeler.] To plan or form in a particu-
lar manner 3 to shape 3 to imitate in planning or forming
MOD'ELED, pp. Formed according to a model 3 planned ;
shaped 3 formed.
MOD'EL-ER, n. A planner ; a contriver. Spectator.
MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Forming according to a model 3 plan-
ning ; forming ; shaping.
t MODER-A-BLE, a. [L.moderabilis.] Temperate 3 meas-
urable 3 governable.
MOD'ER-ATE, a. [L. moderatus.] 1. Literally, limited 3
restrained ; hence, temperate 3 observing reasonable
bounds in indulgence. 2. Limited in quantity 5 not ex-
cessive or expensive. 3. Restrained in passion, ardor or
temper; not violent. 4. Not extreme in opinion, 5.
Placed between extremes ; holding the mean or middle
place. 6. Temperate ; not extreme, violent or rigorous.
7. Of a middle rate. 8. Not swift.
MOD'ER-ATE, v. t. 1. To restrain from excess of any kind ,
* See Syrwpsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE 3— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z 3 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, t Obsolete
MOD I
to reduce from a state of violence ; to lessen ; to allay , to
repress. 2. I'o temper ; to make temperate ; to qualif}\
dODER-ATE, V. i. To become less violent, severe, rigor-
ous or intense.
aIOD 'ES,-A-TED, pp. Reduced in violence, rigor or intensi-
ty ; allayed ; lessened ; tempered ; qualified.
MOD'ER-ATE-Li'', adv. 1. Temperately j mildly; without
violence. 2. In a middle degree ; not excessively.
MOD'ER-ATE-NESS, n. State of being moderate ; temper-
ateness ; a middle state between extremes.
M0D'ER-A-TIN(5, ppr. Reducing in violence or excess j al-
laying ; tempering ; becoming more mild.
MOD-ER-A'TION, 71. [L,. moderatio.] 1. The state of being
moderate, or of keeping a due mean between extremes or
excess of violence. 2. Restraint of violent passions or in-
dulgence of appetite. 3. Calmness of mind ; equanimity.
4. Frugality in expenses.
MOD-ER-aTOR, n. 1. He or that which moderates or re-
strains. 2. The person who presides over a meeting or
assembly of people to preser^'e order, and regulate the
proceedings.
MOD-ER-A'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a moderator.
MOD'ERN, a. [Fr. moderne ; It., &p. moderno.] 1. Pertain-
ing to the present time, or time not long past ; late ; re-
cent ; not ancient or remote in past time. 2. Common ;
mean; vulgar; [obs.]
MOD'ERX-IS.M, 7i. aiodern practice ; something recently
formed, particularly in writing. Swift.
MOD'ERN-IST, n. One who admires the moderns,
MOD'ERN-iZE, v. t. To render modern ; to adapt ancient
compositions to modem persons or things, or rather to
adapt the ancient style or idiom to modern style and
taste.
MOD'ERN-lZED, pp. Rendered confonnable to modern
usage.
MOD'ERN-lZ-ER, n. He that renders modem.
MOD'ERN-lZ-ING, ppr. Rendering modern.
t MOD'ERN-LY, adv. In modern times. Milton.
MOD'ERN-NESS, 72. The quality of being modern ; recent-
ness ; novelty.
MOD'ERXS, 7!. pin. Those who have lived in times recent-
ly past, or are now living ; opposed to the ancients.
MODEST, a. [Fr. modeste : L, modestus.] 1. Properly,
restrained by a sense of propriety ; hence, not forward or
bold ; not presumptuous or arrogant ; not boastful. 2.
IS'ot bold or forward. 3. Not loose ; not lewd. 4. Mod-
erate ; not excessive or extreme ; not extravagant.
MOD'EST-Ll, arfy. 1. Not boldly; not arrogantly or pre-
sumptuously; with due respect. 2. Not looselj^" or wan-
tonly ; decently. 3. Not excessively ; not extrava-
gantly.
MOD'£ST-Y, 71. [L. modestia.] 1. Tliat lowly temper
which accompanies a moderate estimate of one's own
worth and importance. 2. Modesty, as an act or series of
acts, consists in hiunble, unobtrusive deportment. 3.
Moderation ; decency. — 4. In females, modesty has the
like character as in males ; but the word is used also as
synonymous with chastity, or purity of manners.
MOD'EST-Y-PIeCE, 72. A narrow lace worn by females
over the bosom. ..Addison.
MO-DI-A'TION, n. [L. modiatio.] A measure.
t MO-DIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. modicite, from L. modicus.'] Moder-
ateness ; meanness; littleness. Cotirrave.
MOD'I-eUM, 7(. [L.] A little; a Su.&U quantity. Dryden.
• MOD'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be modified or divereified
bv various forms and ditferences. Locke.
t Mb-DIF'I-CA-BLE, a. Divei-sifiable by various modes.
M0D-I-FI-€a'TI0N, 71. 1. The act of modifying, or giving
to any thing new forms, or difierences of external quali-
ties or modes. 2. Particular form or manner.
MOD'I-FlED, pp. 1. Changed in form or external qualities ;
varied; diversified. 2. Moderated; tempered; qualified
in exceptionable parts.
MOD'I-FI-ER, 7!. He or that which modifies.
MODT-FY, r. «. [Fr. modifier^ 1.. jnodificor.] 1. To change
the form or external quafities of a thing ; to shape ; to give
a new form of being to. 2. To varj' ; to give a new form
to any thing. 3. To moderate ; to qualify ; to reduce in
extent or degree.
MOD'I-FY, r. i. To extenuate. L^Estrange.
MOD 1-FY-12\G, ppr. Changing the external qualities ; giv-
ing a new form to ; moderating.
MO-DILL'ION, (mo-dil'yun) 7t. [It. modiglione ; Fr. modil-
Ion.] In architecture, an ornament in the cornice of the
Ionic, Corinthian and Composite columns.
Mo DISH, a. According to the mode or customary manner ;
fashionable. Dryden.
aiC'DlSll-IjY, adv. Fashionably; In the customary mode.
Locke.
Mo'DISH-NESS, 72. I. The state of being fashionable. 2.
Afiectation of the fashion. Johnson.
MOD'U-LATE, v. t. [L. modular. 1 1. To form sound to a
certain kev, or to a certain proportion. 2, To vary or in-
flect sound in a natural, customary or musical manner.
S MOL
MOD'U-LA-TED, pp. Formed to a certain key ; varied ,
inflected.
MOD U-LA-TING, ppr. Forming to a certain proportion ;
varymg ; inflecting.
MOD-U-La'TION, 72. ['L.modulatio ; ¥x. modulation.] I.
The act of forming any thing to a certain proportion. 2.
The act of inflecting the voice in reading or speaking ; a
rising or falling of the voice.— 3. In music, the art of com-
posing melody or harmony agreeable to the laws pre-
scribed. 4. Sound modulated ; melody.
MODU-LA-TOR, 72. He or that whicli modulates.
MODTjLE, 72. [Fr. ; L. modulus.] 1. A model or represen-
tation. — 2. lii architecture, a certain measure or size, taken
at pleasure, for regulating the proportion of columns, and
the symmetry or disposition of the whole building.
MODULE, V. t. To model ; to shape ; to modulate.
Mo'DUS, 72. [L.] A compensation for tithes ; an equivalent
given to a parson or vicar, by the owners of land, in lieu
of tithes.
MOD WALL, 72. A bird.
MoE, 72. 'A distorted mouth. See Mow.
t MoE, a. More. Hooker.
MO-GUL', 72. The name of a prince or emperor of the nation
iji Asia called Moguls, or Monguls.
Mo'HAIR, 72. [G. 7220/27- ; Fr. moire.] The hair of a kind of
goat in Tmkey.
Mo HAIR-SHELL, 72. In conchology, a peculiar species of
valuta.
MO-HAM'.ME-DAN, a. Pertaining to Mohanmied or Ma-
homet.
MO-HASI'ME-DAN, 71. A follower of Mohammed, the
founder of the religion of Arabia and Persia.
MO-HAM'ME-DAN-ISM, 72. The religion or doctrines and
precepts of iVIohammed, contained in the Koran.
MO-HAjMME-DAN-lZE, v. t. To render conformable to
tjie modes or principles of the Mohammedans.
MO'HAWK, } n. The appellation given to certain mfiiang
Mo'HCiCK, ] who infested the streets of London.
t MOI'DER, V. t. To puzzle ; to perplex ; to confound ; to
distract.
MOI'DORE, 7?. A gold coin of Portugal, valued at $6, or
£1. 75. sterling.
MOI'E-TY, 72. [Ft. moitie.] The half; one of two equal
parts. Addison.
MOIL, V. t. [Fr. mouiller.] 1. To daub ; to make dirty ;
[little used.] 2. To weary. Chapman.
SIOIL, V. i. [L. molior.] To labor; to toil ; to work with
painful eftbrts. Dryden.
t MOIL, 72. [Sax. 7?2aZ.] A spot.
MOIST, a. [Fr. moite, for moiste.] 1. Moderately wet ;
damp ; as, a moist atmosphere or air. 2. Containing
water or other liquid in a perceptible degree.
MOIST'EN, (mois n) v. t. To make damp ; to wet in a
small degree. Bacon.
t MOIST, as a verb, is obsolete.
JMOIST'ENED, (mois'nd) pp. Made wet in a small degree.
MOIST E2n-ER, (mois'ner) 72. He or that which moistens.
JMOIST'EN-ING, (mois'ning) ppr. Wetting moderately.
MOIST'FUL. a. Full of moisture. Drayton.
M0IST'2\ESS, 72. Dampness; a small degree of wetness.
Addison.
MOIST'URE, n. [Fr. moiteur.] 1. A moderate degree of
wetness. 2. A small quantity of any liquid.
t MOIST'Y, a. Drizzling.
t ftloKES of a net, the meshes. Ainsworth.
tMO'KY, a. [\Y. mzcg.] Muggy ; dark; murky.
Mc'LAR,fl. [L. 7?2oZ<z7is.] Having power to grind ; gnnd
ing. Bacon.
MO-LAS'SES, ) 72. sing. [It. mel-assa ; Sp. m.elaza ; Fr. 772e-
ME-LXS'S£S, \ lasse. The orthography melasses, used
by Edwards, in his History of the West Indies, is more
accordant with etymology.] The syrup which drains
from Muscovado sugar when cooling ; treacle.
M6LD, 72. [Sax. mold, molda, myl ; W. 7?(oZ.] 1. Fine, soft
earth, or earth easily pulverized, such as constitutes soil.
2. A substance like down, which forms on bodies which
lie long in warm and damp air. 3. Matter of which any
tiling is formed.
MoLD, 72. [Sp. molde ; Fr. moiLle ; W. mold.] 1. The ma-
trix in which any thing is cast and receives its form. 2.
Cast; form. 3. The suture or contexture of the skull. —
4. In ship-b^dlding , a thin, flexible piece of timber, used
as a pattern by which to form the curves of the timbers
and compassing pieces. — 5. Among gold beaters, a num-
ber of pieces of vellum, or a like substance, laid over one
another, between which the leaves of gold and silver are
laid for beating.
MoLD, v.t. 1. To cause to contract mold. Knolles. 2.
To cover with mold or soil. Edwards.
MoLD, V, i. To contract mold ; to become moldy.
MoLD, 2,'. t. 1. To form into a particular shape ; to shape ,
to model. Milton. 2. To knead. Ainsworth.
MoLD'A-BLE, a. That may be molded or formed.
* See Synopsis. A, K, I, 5, U, t, long.—FiiB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
MOM 539
MOI^
MoLD'ED, pp. 1. Formed into a pailicular shape ; knead-
ed. 2. Covered with mold.
MoLD'ER, 71. He who molds or forms into shape.
MoLlD'ER, 27. i. [Dan. TOwZ/ier.] 1. To turn to dust by natu-
ral decay ; to crumble ; to perish. 2. To be diminished ;
to waste away gradually.
MoLD'ER, V. t. To turn to dust ; to crumble ; to waste.
MoLD'ER- ING, p;)r. Turning to dust j crumbling; wasting
away.
MoLD'I-jVESS, n. The state of being moldy.
Mold ING, ppr. Forming into shape ; kneading.
MoLD'ING, n. Any thing cast in a mold, or which ap-
pears to be so ; in architecture, a projecture beyond the
wall, column, wainscot, &c.
MoLD -WARP, 71. [Sax. 7nol-d and weorpan.] A mole.
MoLD'Y, a'. Overgrown with mold. .Addison.
MOLE, n. [Sax. mccl, mal.] 1. A spot, mark or small per-
manent protuberance on the human body. 2. [L, mola.]
A mass of fleshy matter, of a spherical figure, generated
in the uterus.
MOLS, n. [L. moles; Fr. mole.] 1. A mould or massive
work formed of large stones laid in the sea before a
port, which it serves to defend from the violent impulse
of the waves. 2. Among the Romans, a kind of mau-
soleum.
MOLE, n. [D. mol.] A small animal.
MOLE, I', t. To clear of mole-hills. [Local.] Pegge,
MoLE'-BAT, 71. A fish. Ainsioorth.
MoLE'-€AST, n. A little elevation of earth made by a
mole.
MoLE'-€ATCH-ER, n. One whose employment is to catch
moles. Tusser.
MoLE'-€RI€K-ET, n. An insect of the genus gryllus.
MoLE'eULE, 71. [Fr.] A very minute particle of matter.
MoLE'-EyED, a. Having very small eyes ; blind.
MoLE'-HILL, 71. [ W. vialur.] A little hillock or elevation
of earth thrown up by moles ; a very small hill.
MO-LEST', V. t. [Fr. molester.] To trouble ; to disturb; to
render uneasy. Hooker.
MOL-ES-Ta'TION, n. Disturbance ; annoyance ; uneasi-
ness given. Broicn.
MO-LEST'ED, ;);?. Disturbed; troubled; annoyed.
MO-LEST'ER, 71. One that disturbs.
MO-LEST'FUL, a. Troublesome.
MO-LEST'ING, ppr. Disturbing ; troubling.
MoLE'-TRA€K, 11. The course of a mole under ground.
MoLE'-WARP, ?!. A mole. Sse Mole and Mold-warp. -
Mo'LI-EN,"n. A flowering tree of Chma. Grosier.
\ MO-LIM'I-NOUS, a. [from L. vwliriien.] Very important.
MOL'LIMST, 71. A follower of the opinions oi Molina.
MOL'LI-ENT, a. [L. moUiens.] Softening ; assuaging ; les-
sening. See Emollient.
MOL'LI-FI-A-BLE. a. That may be softened.
M0L-LI-FI-€a'TI0I\% n. 1. The act of mollifying or soft-
ening. 2. Mitigation ; an appeasing. Shak.
MOL'LT-FlED, /)^. Softened; appeased.
MOL-LI-Fl'ER, 71. 1. That which softens, appeases oi-
mitigates^ 2. He that softens, mitigates or pacifies,
MOLLI-FY, v.t. ['L.monio; Fr. mollir.] 1. To soften ; to
make soft or tender. Is. i. 2. To assuage, as pain or ir-
ritation. 3. To appease : to pacify ; to calm or quiet.
4. To qualify ; to reduce in harshness or asperity.
MOL-LUS'€A, n. [from L. 7nollis.] In zoology, a division
or class of animals whose bodies are soft, without an in-
ternal skeleton, or articulated covering.
MOL-LUS'CAN, ) a. Pertaining to the mollusca, or par-
MOL-LUS'€OUS, \ takmg of their properties.
MO-LOS'SUS, n. [Gr.] In GreeJc and Latin verse, a foot of
tjiree long syllables.
SloLT, V. i. [W. moel.] To shed or cast the hair, feathers,
skin, horns, &:c. ; as an animal.
MoLT'EN, pp. of melt. 1. Melted ; [obs.] 2. a. Made of
melted metal.
MoLT'ING, ppr. Casting or shedding a natural covering,
as hair, feathers, skin or horns.
MoLT'ING, 71. The operation by v/hich certain animals
cast off or lose their hair, feathers, skins, horns, &c.
Mo'LY, 7). [Gr. f^wXu.] Wild garlic.
I^IO-LYB'DEX, I n. [Gr. jjioXvjSSaiva.] An ore of molyb-
MOLYB-DE'NA, i deiium. ^
MO-LYB'DE-NOUS, a. Pertaining to molvbden.
MO-LYB-DE'NUM, n. A brittle metal.
I\IO:\[E, 71. [Fr. 7?io77io«.] A dull, silent person ; a stupid
fellow ; a stock ; a post. Spenser.
Mo'MENT, n. [L. momentum.] 1. The most minute and in-
divisible part of time ; an instant. 2. Force ; impulsive
power. 3. Importance in influence or effect; conse-
quence ; weight or value.
tMO-MENT'AL, a. Important.
MO-MENT'AL-LY, adv. For a moment. Brown.
f MO-I\IEN-Ta'NE-OUS, or f Mo'MENT-A-NY. See Mo-
mentary.
Mo'MENT A-RI-LY, a«Z75. Every moment. Shenstone.
Mo MENT-A-RY, a. Done in a moment ; continuing only
a moment ; lasting a very short tune.
Mo'MENT-LY, fldw. 1. For a moment. 2. In a moment,
every moment.
MO-MENT'OUS, a. Important; weighty; of consequence.
MO-MENT'UM, 71. [L.] In 77tec/ia7iicsj impetus; the quan-
tity ol motion in a moving body.
MoM'MER-Y, or MUM'MER-Y, ti. [Fr. momerie.] An en-
tertainment or frolick hi masks ; a farcical entertainment
m which masked persons play antic tricks.
Mo'MOT, 71. The name of a genus of birds.
MON'A-€HAL, a. [Fr.; L. monachus.] Pertaining to monks
or a monastic life ; monastic.
MON'A-€HISM, ?i. [Fr. monachisme ; It. monachismo.] The
state of monies ; a monastic life.
*M0N'AD>,7i. \Gy. Jiovag.] 1. An ultimate atom, or simple
unextended point. Leibnitz. 2. An indivisible thing.
Good.
JION'A-DELPH, n. [Gr. /.tovoj and oleX^oi.] In botany, a
plant whose stanieiis are united in one body by the fila-
ments.
MON-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. Having the stamens united in
one body by the filaments.
M0-NAD'I£;, ) a. Having the nature or character of a
MO-NAD I-€AL, ^ monad. Jllore.
MO-NANiDER, n. [Gr. jxovoi and avr/p.] In botany, a
plant having one stamen only.
IMO-NAN'DRl-AN, a. Having one stamen only.
MON'AR€!H, 7i. [It., Sp. mouarca ; Fr. Jiionaroue.] 1. The
prince or ruler of a nation, who is vested with absolute
sovereign power; an emperor, king or prince invested
with an unlimited power. 2. A king or prince, the su-
preme magistrate of a nation, whose powers are in some
respects limited by the constitution of the government.
3. He or that which is superior to others of the same
kind. 4. One that presides ; president.
MON'ARCH, a. Supreme ; ruling. Pope.
MO-NARCH'AL, a. Pertaining to a monarch; suiting a
monarch ; sovereign ; regal ; imperial.
MON' ARCH-ESS, n. A female monarch ; an empress.
MO-NARCH'ie, I a. 1. Vested in a single ruler. 2. Per-
MO-NaR€H'I-€AL, ) taining to monarchy,
M0N'AR-€HIST, n. An advocate of monarchy.
MON'AR-CHiZE, v. i. To play the king ; to act the mon-
arch. Shak.
MON'AR-CHlZE, v. t. 1. To lale ; to govern. 2. To con-
vert into a monai-chy.
MON'AR-CHY, 71. [Gr. pova^x'-'^-] !• ^ ^tate or govern-
ment in wliich the supreme power is lodged in the hands
of a single person. 2. A kingdom ; an empire.
* MON'AS-TER-Y, n. [Fr. monastere ; Sp. monasterio ; Low
L. monastcrium.] A house of religious retirement, 01 of
seclusion from ordinary temporal concerns.
MO-NAS'TIC, ) a. [Fr. vionastique ; It. monastic ;
MO-NAS'TI-€AL, \ Low L. monasticiis .] Pertaining to
monasteries, mojiks and nuns ; recluse ; secluded from
the temporal concerns of life, and devoted to religion.
MO-NAS'TlC, 7?. A monk.
MO-NAS'TI-€AL-LY, adc. Reclusely; in a retired man-
ner; in the manner of monks. Swift.
M0-NAS'TI-CIS]\I, n. Monastic life. Milner.
MoN'DAY, 71. [Sax. monandag ; G. montag ,- moon and day ;
being formerly sacred to that planet.] The second day
of the vi^eek.
MONDE, 71. [Fr.] The world ; also, a globe, an ensign of
authority. Driunmond.
MO-Ne'CIAN, 77. [Gi-. povoq and otKro?.] In botany, one o?
that class of plants, whose male and female flowers are
on tlie same plant.
MO-Ne'CIAN, a. Pertaining to the class of plants above
described.
MoN'EY, 71. ,• plu. Moneys. [Sax. mynet ,• Fr. monnoie ;
L., It. moneta.] 1. Coin ; stamped metal ; any piece of
metal, usually gold, silver or copper, stamped by public au-
thority, and used as the medium of commerce. 2. Bank
notes or bills of credit issued by authority, and exchange-
able for coin, or redeemable, are also called money 3.
Wealth ; affluence.
t MoN'EY, ^•. t. To supply with money. Tyndal.
MoN'EY-AGE, n. Anciently, in England, a general land
tax, a shilling on each hearth. Hume.
MoN'EY-BAG, n. A bag or purse for holding money.
MoN'EY-BOX, 77. A box or till to hold money.
JMoN'EY-BRoK-ER, n. A broker who deals in money.
MoN'EY-CHaN-GER, 71. A broker who deals in njoney or
exchanges. JlrbxUhnot.
MoN'EYED, (mun'id) a. I. Rich in money ; having money ;
able to command money. 2. Consisting in money.
M6N'EY-ER, 77. 1. A banker; one who deals in money.
2. A coiner of money ; [little used.]
M6N'EY-LEND-ER, n. One who lends money.
MoN'EY-LESS, a. Destitute of monev; pennyless.
MoN'EY-MAT-TER, 71. An account consisting of charges
Sc( Synopsis jM5VE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete.
MON
540
MON
<>t mcney ; an account between debtor and creditor. Af-
iuthnz L
MoN'EY SCRIV-EN-ER, n. A person who raises money
for others. Arbuthnot.
MoN'EY-SPIN-NER, n. A small spider.
MoN'EY'S-WoRTH, n. 1. Something that will bring mon-
ey. 2. Full value j the worth of a thing in money.
MoN'EY- WORT, n. A plant of the genus lysimachia.
M6NG'€0RN, n. [Sax. mang, and corn.] Mixed corn, as
wheat and rye.
MoN'GER, n.- [Sax. mangere.] A trader; a dealer ; now
used only or chiefly in composition ; as, iron-monger.
MoN'GREL, a. [from Sax. mengan.] Of a mixed breed;
of different kihds. Swift.
MoN'GREL, 71. An animal of a mixed breed.
MO-NIL'I-FORM) a. [L. monile.] Like a necklace.
MON'I-MENT n. .{L. monimentum.] 1. An inscription;
something to preserve memory ; [obs.] 2. A mark ; an
image ; a superscription. Spenser.
t MON'ISH, V. t. To admonish ; to warn.
MON'ISH-ER, n. An admonisher, which see.
t MONISH-MENT, n. Admonition.
MO-Nl"TION, ?i. [Fr, ; 1,. monitio.] 1. Warning; instruc-
tion given by way of caution. 2. Information ; indica-
tion.
MON'I-TlVE, a. Admonitory ; conveying admonition.
MON'1-TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who warns of faults, or in-
forms of duty ; one who gives advice and instruction by
way of reproof or caution. — 2. In schools, a person au-
thorized to look to the scholars in the absence of the in-
structor, or to notice the absence or faults of the scholars,
or to instruct a division or class.
MON-l-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Relating to a monitor. 2. Per-
formed by a monitor. 3. Conducted by or under the in-
struction of monitors, or subordinate teachers.
MON'I-TO-RY, a. Giving admonition ; warning ; instruct-
ing by way of caution. L'Estrange.
MON'[-TO-RY, n. Admonition ; warning. Bacon.
MON'I-TRESS, 71. A female monitor.
M6NK, n. [Gr. [xova^og ; L. monachus ; Sax. monec.'] A
man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns of
the world, and devotes himself to religion.
M6NK'ER-Y, n. The life of monks ; the monastic life.
MoNK'EY, 7t. [It. monicchio.] 1. The popular name of the
ape and baboon. 2. A name of contempt or of slight
iwindness.
MoNK'HOOD, «.. Thecharacter of a monk. Atterbury.
MoNK'ISilj a. Like a monk, ok pertaining to monks ; mo-
nastic.
MoNK'S'HEAD, n. A plant of the genus leontodon.
MoNK'S'HOOD, n. A plant of the genus aconitum.
MoNK'S'RHu-BARB, n. A plant of the genus rumez, a
species of dock.
MO-NOC'E-ROS, n. [Gr. jiovog and /c£paj.] The unicorn.
MON'O-eHORD, n. [Gr. ixovos and X°9^^'} -^ musical in-
strument of one string.
MON-0-€HRO-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. jxovos and X9'^F'^-'\ Con-
sisting of one color, or presenting rays of light of one color
only.
MON'0-€0-TYLE, ) a. Having only one seed-
M0N-0-€O-TY-LED'O-N0US, \ lobe or seminal leaf.
lMON-0-€0-TYL'E-DON, n. [Gr. iiovos and KOTo\r,^u)v.'] In
botany, a plant with only one cotyledon or seed-^.obe.
MO-NOOU-LAR, ) a. [Gr. fiovog, and L. oculus.'] Having
MO-NO0IJ-LOUS, i one eye only.
MON'0-€ULE, n. An insect with one eye.
MON-O-DAG'TY-LOUS, a. Having one finger or toe.
MON'O-DIST, n. One who writes monodies. Scott.
MON'O-DON, n. [Gr. novohovg.'] The unicorn fish, or sea-
unicorn.
MON'O-DY, n. [Gr. iiLovh>hia.'] A song or poem sung by one
person only. Johnson.
MON'O-GAM, n. [Gr. jxovos and ya/j??.] In botany, a plant
that has a simple flower, though the anthers are united.
MON-O-GAM'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the order of plants that
have a simple flower. Lee.
MO-WOG'A-MIST, n. One who disallows second marriages.
Johnson.
MO-NOG'A-MOUS, a. Having one wife only, and not per-
mitted to marry a second.
M()-N0G'a-MY, n. The marriage of one wife only, or the
slate of such as are restrained to a single wife.
MON'O-GRAM, n. [Gr. pLOVog and ypaiiij-a.] A character or
cipher composed of one, two or more letters Interwoven,
being an abbreviation of a name ; used on seals, &c.
MON'O-GRAM-MAL, a. Sketching in the manner of a
monogram. Fothcrby.
MON'O-GRAPH, n. [Gr. [lovog and ypa^w.] An account or
description of a single thing or class of things.
MON-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. 1, Drawn in hues without
MON-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, I colors, 2. Pertaining to a mon-
ograph
M0-N0G'RA-PH¥, n. [Gr. yiovog and ypa^u.] A descrip-
tion drawn in lines without colors.
MON'O-GYN, n. [Gr. [kovos and yvvri.'] In botany, a plant
having only one style or stigma. Smith.
MON-0-GYN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the order monogynia
having only one style or stigma.
MON'O-LOGUE, (mon'o-log) n. [Gr. novoXoyia.l 1. A so-
liloquy ; a speech uttered by a person alone. 2. A poem,
song or scene composed for a single performer.
MO-NOM'A-€HY, n. [Gr. inovoytaxia.} A duel; a single
combat.
MON'OME, 71. [Gr. jiovog and ovojia.l In algebra, a quanti-
ty that has one name only. Harris.
MO-No'MI-AL, 7id In algebra, a quantity expressed by one
name or letter.
MO-NOP'A-THY, n. [Gr. jjlovos and naOsia.] Solitary suf-
fering or sensibility. Whitlock.
MON-O-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. ixovos and TieroKov.] In bot-
any, having only one petal, or a one-petaled corol. Martyn.
MON'OPH-THONG, n. [Gr. /xoj/oj and fBoyyos.'] A simple
vowel-sound. Beattie.
MON-OPH-THON'GAL, a. Consisting of a simple vowel-
sound. Beattie.
MO-NOPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. /^ovoj and <pv\\ov.] Having
one leaf only.
MO-NOPH'Y-SITE, n. [Gr. novo? and <pvai?.] One who
maintains that Jesus Clmst had but one nature.
MO-NOP'O-LIST, or MO-NOP'O-LlZ-ER, n. [Sp., It. tbo-
nopol'ista.] One that monopolizes.
MO-NOP'O-LiZE, v.t. [Gr. jJiovog and nu)\£(!> ; Fr. monop-
oler.] 1. To purchase or obtain possession of the whole of
any commodity or goods in market with the view of sell-
ing them at advanced prices. 2. To engross or obtain, by
any means, the exclusive right of trading to any place. 3.
To obtain the whole.
MO-NOP'O-LY, 71. [Fr. monopole ; L. monopolium.] The
sole power of vending any species of goods.
*MO-NOFTOTE, w. [Gr. /<ovof and ^rrwffij,] A noun hav-
ing only one oblique case. Clarke.
MON-0-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. [jiovos and cmpixa.] Having
one seed only.
MON'O-STICH, 71. [Gr. povoaTi^ov.] A composition consist-
ing of one verse only.
MON-0-STROPH'I€, a. [Gr. novo(TTpo(pos.] Having one
strophe only ; not varied in measure ; written in unvaried
measure.
MON-0-SYL-LAB'ie, ) a. 1. Consisting of one sylla-
M0N-0-SYL-LAB'I-€AL, \ ble. 2. Consisting of words
of one syllable.
MON-0-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. ixovog and avWa^rj.] A word
of one syllable.
MON-0-SYL'LA-BLED, a. Formed into one syllable.
MON'O-THE-ISM, ?(. [Gr. jiovos and deo;.] The doctrine or
belief of the existence of one God only.
MO-NOTH'E-LITE, n. [Gr. fxovos and deXtjais.} One who
holds that Christ had but one will. Milner.
MON'O-TONE, n. In rhetoric, a sameness of sound.
MON-O-TON'LCAL, \ ""• Monotonous. [Little used.]
MO-NOT'0-NOUS, a. Continued in the same tone, without
inflection or cadence; unvaried in tone.
MO-NOT'O-NOUS-LY, adv. With one uniform tone ; with-
out inflection of voice. Mares.
MO-NOT'O-NY, n. [Gr. iiovorovia.'] 1. Uniformity of tone or
sound ; want of inflections of voice in speaking ; want of
cadence or modulation. 2. Uniformity ; sameness. Irving.
MON'SIEUR, (mos'seer) n. [Fr.] Sir; Mr. Pope.
MON-SOON', n. A periodical wind, blowing six months
from the same quarter or point of the compass, then chang-
ing, and blowing the same time from the opposite quarter
MON'STER,7i. [L. monsirmn.] 1. An animal produced with
a shape or with parts that are not natural. 2. Any un-
natural production ; something greatly deformed. 3. A
person so wicked as to appear horrible ; one unnaturally
wicked or mischievous.
t MON'STER, V. t. To make monstrous. Shak.
MON'STER-TaM-ING, a. Taming monsters.
MON-STROS'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being monstrous, oi
out of the common order of nature. 2. An unnatural pro-
duction ; that which is monstrous.
MON'STROUS, a. [L. monstrosus.l 1. Unnatural in form,
deviating greatly from the natural form ; out of the com-
mon course of nature. 2. Strange ; very wonderful. 3
Enormous ; huge ; extraordinary. 4. Shocking to the
sight or other senses ; hateful.
MON'STROUS, adv. Exceedingly; very much, [vulgar.l
Dryden.
MON"'STROUS-LY, adv. 1. In a manner out of the common
order of nature ; hence, shockingly ; terribly; hideously;
horribly. 2. To a great degree; enormously; extrava-
gantly.
Srjnovsis. A, E, T, O, tJ, ^, long.—FKB,, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
* See
MOO
541
MOR
MON'STROUS-NESS, n. 1. The state of being monstrous.
2. Enormity ; irregular nature or behavior.
MON-TAN'I€, a. [L. montanus.] Pertaining to mountains j
consisting in mountains. Kirwan,
MON'TA-NISM, n. The tenets of Montanus.
MON'TA-NIST, n. A follower of Montanus.
E-TAlNllTI-eAL, I ''■ Pertaining to Montanism.
MON'TA-NiZE, v. i. To follow the opinions of Montanus.
Hooker.
MONT'ANT, n. [Fr.] A term in fencing. Shak.
MON-Te'RO, 71. [Sp. montera.] A horseman's cap. Ba-
con.
MON-TETH', n. A vessel in which glasses are washed.
Month, n. rSax. monath, from mona, the moon 5 D. maand ;
G. monath.] A space or period of time constituting a division
of the year. A lunar or periodical month consists of one
revolution of the moon, a lunation, or the period from one
change or conjunction of the moon with the sun to another,
consisting of 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes and 5 seconds.
A solar month is the space of time in which the sun passes
through one sign, or a twelfth part of the zodiac, contain-
ing 30 days, 10 hours, 29 minutes, 5 seconds. In the year,
there are twelve solar months, and thirteen lunar months.
— In popular language, four weeks are called a month,
being nearly the length of the lunar month. A calendar
month differs in some degree from a solar month ; consist-
ing of twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty or thirty-one
days, as the months stand in calendars or almanacs.
MoNTH'LY, a. 1. Continued a month, or performed in a
month. 2. Done or happening once a month, or every
month.
MoNTH'LY, adv. 1. Once a month ; in every month. 2.
As if under the influence of the moon ; in the manner of
a lunatic ; [obs.]
MoNTH'S-MiND, n. Earnest desire ; strong inclination.
Hudibras.
MONT-MaR'TRITE, n. A mineral of a yellowish color.
MON-TOIR', (mon-twor') n. [Fr.] In horsemanship, a stone
used for aiding to mount a horse.
MON-TROSS', n. An under gunner, or assistant to a gun-
ner, engineer or fire-master. Diet.
MON'U-MENT, n. [L. monumentum.] 1. Any thing by
which the memory of a person or an event is preserved or
perpetuated. 2. A stone or a heap of stones or other du-
rable thing, intended to mark the bounds of states, towns
or distinct possessions, and preserve the memory of di-
visional lines. JSTeiD England. 3. A thing that reminds
or gives notice.
MON-U-MENT'AL, a. 1. Pertainmg to a monument. 2.
Serving as a monument; memorial; preserving memory.
3. Belonging to a tomb.
MON-U-MENT'AL-LY, adv. By way of memorial.
MOOD, n. [Fr. mode ; L. modus.] 1. The form of an argu-
ment. 2. Style of music. 3, The variation of a verb to
express manner of action or being. See Mode.
MOOD, n. [Goth., Sax., Sw. mod.] J. Temper of mind ;
temporary state of the mind in regard to passion or feel-
ing ; humor. 2. Anger; heat of temper. Hooker.
f MOOD'I-LY, adv. [from moody.] Sadly.
MOOD'I-NESS, 71. Anger ; peevishness.
MOOD'Y, a. [Sax. modig.] Angry ; peevish ; fretful ; out
of humor. 2. Mental; intellectual; [obs.] 3. Sad ; pen-
sive. 4. Violent; furious.
MOON, 71. [Sax. mona ; D. maan ; G. mond.] 1. The heav-
enly orb which revolves round the earth ; a secondary
planet or satellite of the earth. 2. A month. — Half-moon,
m fortification, a figure resembling a crescent.
MOON'-BeAM., n. A ray of light from the moon,
MOON'-€ALP, n. 1. A monster ; a false conception. 2. A
mole or mass of fleshy matter generated in the uterus.
3. A dolt ; a stupid fellow.
MOONED, a. Taken for the moon. Milton.
MOON'ET^7i. A little moon. Hall.
MOON'-EYE, 71. An eye affected by the moon.
MOON'-EYED, a. Having eyes affected by the revolu-
tions of the moon. 2. Dim-eyed; purblind.
MOON'FERN, n. A plant. Ainsworth.
MOON'-FISH, n. A fish whose tail is shaped like a half-
moon. Qreio.
MOON'ISH, a. Like the moon ; variable. Shak.
MOON'LESS, a. Not favored with moon-light.
MOON'LTGHT, n. The light afforded by the moon.
MOON'UGHT, a. Illuminated by the moon. Shak.
MOON'LING, 77, A simpleton. B. Jonson.
MOON'LoVED, a. Loved when the moon shines.
MOON'-SAD, 71. A plant of the genus menispcrmum.
MOON'-SEED, n. A plant. MilUr.
MOON'SHlNE, n. 1. The light of the moon. Dryden. 2.
In burlesque, a month. Shak. — .^ matter of moonshine, a
matter of no consequence.
MOON SHINE
MOON'SHlN-Y,
a. Illuminated by the moon. Clarendon.
MOON'STONE, n. A variety ofadularia.
MOON'STRU€K, a. Affected by the influence of the moon ;
lunatic. Milton.
MOON'-TRe'FOIL, 71. A plant of the genus medicago.
MOON'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus lunaria ; satin-
flower; honesty.
MOON'Y, a. Lunated ; having a crescent for a standard ;
in resemblance of the moon. Fenton,
MOOR, 71. [Sax. mor ; G. mohr.] 1. A trfc.et of land overrun
with heath. 2. A marsh ; a fen ; a tract of wet, low
ground, or ground covered with stagnant water.
MOOR, 71. [D. moor ; G. mohr ; Fr. inaurc] A naiiveof the
northern coast of Africa, called by the Romans, from the
color of the people, Mauritania, the country of dark-com
plexioned people.
MOOR, V. t. [Sp., Port, amarra, a cable.] To confine or se
cure a ship in a particular station.
MOOR, V. i. To be confined by cables or chains.
MOOR'AGE, n. Station where to moor. Otia Sacra.
MOOR'-GaME, 71. Red game ; grouse. Johnson.
MOORrpowV ^«- A fowl of the genus tetrao, found In
MOOR'-HEN ) "^°^^^ '■> red-game ; gor-cock.
MOORED, pp. Made fast in a station.
MOOR'ING, ppr. Confining to a station.
MOOR'ING, n. In seamen^s language, moorings are the
anchors, chains and bridles laid athwart the bottom of a
river or harbor to confine a ship.
MOOR'ISH, a. 1. Marshy ; fenny ; watery. 2. Pertaining
to the Moors in Africa.
MOOR'L AND, n. 1. A marsh or tract of low, watery ground.
2. Land rising into moderate hills, foul, cold and full of
bogs.
MOOR'STONE, 77. A species of granite. Woodward.
MOOR'Y, a. Marshy ; fenny ; boggy ; watery.
MOOSE, (moos) n. [a native Indian name.] An animal of
the genus cervus, and the largest of the deer kind.
MOOT, V. t. [Sax. motian.] To debate ; to discuss ; to argue
for and against.
MOOT, V. i. To argue or plead on a supposed cause.
MOOT, \ n. A point, case or question to be mooted
MOOT'-€ASE, > or debated ; a disputable case ; an un-
MOOT'-POINT, ) settled question.
MOOT'ED, pp. Debated ; disputed ; controverted.
MOOT'ER, 71. A disputer of a mooted case.
t MOOT'-HALL, ; n. A town hall ; hall of judgment.
t MOOT'-HOUSE, \ WicMiffe.
MOOTi/NG, ppr. Disputing ; debating for exercise.
MOOT'ING, n. The exercise cf disputing.
MOP, 71. [W. mop, or 77io;;a.] 1. A piece of cloth, or a col-
lection of thrums or coarse yarns fastened to a handle and
used for cleaning floors. 2. A wry mouth ; [obs.] Shak.
MOP, V. t. To rub or wipe with a mop-
t MOP, v. i. To make a wry mouth. Shak.
MOPE, V. i. To be very stupid ; to be very dull ; to drowse j
to be spiritless or gloomy.
MOPE, v. t. To make stupid or spiritless.
MOPE, n. A stupid or iow-spirited person ; a drone.
MoPED, pp. Made stupid. Locke.
MoPE'-EYED, a. Short-sighted ; purblind.
MoP'ING, ppr. Affected with dullness ; spiritless ; gloomy.
MoP'ISH, a. Dull ; spiritless ; stupid ; dejected.
MoP'ISH-NESS, 77. Dejection ; dullness ; stupidity.
MOP'PET, ; n. A rag-baby ; a puppet made of cloth ; a
MOP'SEY, \ fondling name of a little girl.
MOP'SI-CAL, a. That cannot see well ; mope-eyed ; stupid
Mo'PUS, n. A mope ; a drone. Svnft.
MOR'AL, a. [Fr., Sp. moral ; It. morale ; L. moralis.] 1
Relating to the practice, manners or conduct of men as
social beings in relation to each other, and with reference
to right and wrong. 2. Subject to the moral law, and ca-
pable of moral actions ; bound to perform social duties
3. Supported by the evidence of reason or probability ;
founded on experience of the ordinary course of things.
4. Conformed to rules of right, or to the divine law re-
specting social duties ; virtuous ; just. 5. Conformed to
law and right in exterior deportment. 6. Reasoning or
instructing with regard to vice and virtue. — Moral law,
the law of God which prescribes the moral or social duties.
— Moral sense, an innate or natural sense of right and
wrong. Paley. — Moral philosophy, the science of manners
and duty.
MOR'AL, 71. 1. Morality ; the doctrine or practice of the
duties of life ; [l.u.] 2. The doctrine inculcated by a
fiction ; the accommodation of a fable to form the morals.
Dryden.
t MOR'AL, V. i. To moralize.
jMOR'AL-ER, 71, A moralizer. Shak.
MOR'AL-IST, n. [It. moralista ; Fr. moraliste.] I. One who
teaches the duties of life. 2. One who practices morai
duties ; a mere moral person. Hammond.
MO-RAL'I-TY, 77, [Fr, moralite.] 1. The doctrine or system
of moral duties, or the duties of men in their social charac-
ter ; ethics. 2, The practice of the moral duties ; virtue
3. The quality of aa action which renders it good.
♦ See Synopsis. MoVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— B1JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this, t Obsoleta
MOR
542
MOR
MOR-AL-I-ZA'TION, ?i. 1. Moral reflections, or the act of
making moral reflections. Warton. 2. Explanation in a
moral sense. Elyot.
MOR'AL-iZE, V. t. [Fr. moraliser.] 1. To apply to a moral
purpose, or to explain in a moral sense. 2. To furnish
with manners or examples. S. To render moral or vir-
tuous ; to correct the morals of.
MOR'AL-iZE, V. i. To speak or write on moral subjects, or
to makemorEil reflections.
MOR'AL-lZED, pp. 1. Applied to a moral purpose, or ex-
plained in a moral sense. 2. Rendered moral or less cor-
rupt.
MOR'AL-lZ-ER, n. One who moralizes.
MOR'AL-lZ-ING, ppr. 1. Applying to a moral purpose, or
explaining in a moral sense. 2. Making moral reflections
in words or writing.
MOR'AL-lZ-ING, n. The application of facts to a moral
purpose, or the making of moral reflections.
MOR'AL-LY, adv. 1. In a moral or ethical sense ; accord-
ing to the rules of morality. 2. Virtuously; honestly. 3.
According to the rules of the divine law. 4. According
to the evidence of human reason or of probabilities.
MOR'ALS, n. plu. 1. The practice of the duties of life. 2.
Conduct •, behavior ; course of life, in regard to good and
evil.
MO-RASS', n [D. moeras ,• Sw. moras ; Fr. marais.] A
marsh ; a fen ; a tract of low, moist ground. Watts.
MO-RASS'Y, a. Marshy; fenny. Pennant.
MO-Ra'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Moravia, or to the United
Brethren.
MO-Ra' VI-AN, n. One of a religious sect, called the United
Brethren.
M0R*BID, a. [L. morbidus.] Diseased ; sickly ; not sound
and healthtui.
MOR'BID-NESS, n. A state of being diseased or unsound.
MOR-BIF'I€, ) a. [Fr. morbifique.] Causing disease ;
MOR-BIF'I-€AL, \ generating a sickly state.
MOR-BIL'LOUS, a. [L. morbillL] Pertaining to the measles ;
measly ; partaking of the nature of measles.
MOR-BoSE', a. [L. morbosus.] Proceeding from disease ;
unsound; unhealthy. Ray.
MOR-BOS'1-TY, n. A diseased state. Brown.
MOR-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. 7ftorrfax.] Biting; given to biting.
Evelyn.
PTOR-Da'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a biting manner ; sarcastical-
iv. Waterhouse.
MOR-DAC'I-TY, «. [L. mordacitas.] The quality of biting.
iMOR DANT, 71. [Fr.] A substance which has a chemical
uffinity for coloring matter, and sei-ves to fix colors ; such
as alum.
M0R'DI-€AN-CY, n. A biting qualitv ; corrosiveness.
MOR'DI-CANT, a. [Fr.] Biting ; acrid.
MOR-DI-€a'TION, n. [from L. mordeo.] The act of biting
or corroding; corrosion. Bacon.
MORE, ffl. [Sax rraore, mara, or ma?-e.] 1. Greater in quality,
degree or amount. 2. Greater in number; exceeding in
numbers. 3. Greater. 4. Added to some former num-
ber ; additional.
MORE, adv. 1. To a greater degree. 2. It is used with the ;
as, they hated him yet the more. 3. It is used to modify
an adjective, and form the comparative degree, having the
same force and effect as the termination er, in monosylla-
bles ; as, more wise. 4. A second or another time ; again.
— J\ro more, not continuing ; existing no longer ; gone ;
deceased or destroyed ; as, Cassius is no more. — Much
more, m a greater degree or with more readiness ; more
abundantly. — More and more, with continual increase.
AIORE, a noun, or substitute for a noun. 1. A greater quan-
tity, amount or number. 2. Greater thing ; other thing ;
something further ; as, we can do no more.
y MORE, V. t. To make more. Oower.
MuRE, 7!.. 1. [Sax. 77ZO?-.] A hill. 2. [Sax. 7?iora7i.] A root.
MO-REEN', n. A stuff" used for curtains, &;c.
MO-REL', n. [It. morella ; Fr. morelle.] 1. Garden night-
shade. 2. A kind of cherry.
MoRE'LAND. See Moorland.
f MCRE'NESS, n. Greatness. tVickliffe.
MORE-o'VER, adv. [wjoreand over.] Beyond what has been
said ; further ; besides ; also ; likewise.
MO-RESK', I a. [Fr, ; It. moresco.] Done after the
MO-RESaUE', \ manner of the Moors.
MO-RESK', 71. A species of painting or carving done after
the Moorish manner.
MORGLAY, n. [L. mors, and Celtic glaive.] A deadly
weapon.
MOR'GRAY, 71. A Mediterranean fish.
MORlCE. See Morisco.
I MO-RIG'ER-ATE, v. i. [L. morigero.'] To do as one is
commanded ; to obey. Cockeram.
I MO-RIG-ER-a'TION, n. Obsequiousness ; obedience.
Bacon.
MO-RIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. morigerus.] Obedient; obsequi-
ous ; [little used.] Diet.
MOR'IL, n. [Ft. worille.] A mushroom. Encyc.
MO-RIL'LI-FORM, a. Having the form of the moril.
MOR'IL-LON, 71. A fowl of the genus anas. Pennant.
MOR'I-NEL, n. A bird, called also dotteril.
MO-RIN'GA, 71. A plant.
MOR'I-ON, 71. [Fr. ; It. morione.] Armor for the head , t
helmet or casque to defend the head. Dryden.
MO-RIS'€0, ) n. [from Moor.] A dance, or a dancer of the
Mo'RISK, ) morris or Moorish dance.
M0-RIS*eO, - Applied to carving and painting.
MOR'KTN, 71. [Sw. mwken.] Among hunters, a beast that
lias died by sickness or mischance.
MOR'LAND, or MoRE'LAND, n. Moorland, which see.
MOR'LING, I n. [Fr. mort.] Wool plucked from a dead
MORT'LING, \ sheep.
MOR'MO, 71. [Gr. juop/^w.] A bugbear ; false terror.
MORN, 71. [Sax marne, margene, mergen, morgen ; Dan.,
D., G. morgen.] The first part of the day ; the morning ;
a word used chiefly in poetry. Prior.
MORN'ING, 71. [Sax. margene, morgen.] 1 The first part
of the day, beginning at twelve o'clock at night and ex-
tending to twelve at noon. 2. The first or early part.
MORN'ING, a. Pertaining to the first part or early part of
the day •, being in the early part of the day.
MORNING-GOWN, n. A gown worn in the morning be-
fore one is formally dressed. Addison.
MORN'ING-STAR, n. The planet Venus, when it precedes
the sun in rising, and shines in the morning.
DIO-RO€'€0, 71. A fine kind of leather ; said to be borrowed
fi-omthe Moors.
MO-RoSE , a. [L. morosus ; It., Sp. moroso.] Of a sour
temper ; severe ; sullen and austere.
MO-RoSE'LY, adv. Sourly ; with sullen austerity.
MO-RoSE'NESS, 7i. Sourness of temper; sullenness. Mo-
roseness is not precisely peevishness or fretfulness, though
often accompanied with it. It denotes more of silence
and severity or ill humor, than the irritability or irritation
which characterizes peevishness.
t MO-ROS'I-TY, 71. Moroseness. Shak.
MO-KOX'Y-LI€, a. Moroxylic acid is obtained from a sa-
line exsudation from the mon-us alba.
MOR'PHEVv^, 71. [It. morfca.] A scurf on the face.
MOR'PHEW, V. t. To cover with scurf. Bp. Hall.
MORTHI-A, 71. A vegetable alkali.
MOR'RiCE, MOR'RIS, or MOR'RIS-DANCE, 71. [Fr. mo-
resque.] A Moorish dance ; a dance in imitation of the
Moors, as sarabands, chacons, &c., usually performed
with castanets, tambors, &;c. — JVine men's morris, a kind
of play with nine holes in the ground. Shak.
MOR'RJS-DAN-CER, 71. One who dances a morris-dance.
MOR'RIS-PIKE, 71. A Moorish pike.
MOR'RoW, 7!. [Sax. morgen.] 1. The day next after the
present. 2. The next day subsequent to any day specifi-
ed. — Good morrow, a term of salutation ; good morning.
MORSE, (mors) v. [Russ. morj.] In zoology, the sea-horse
or walrus, an animal of the genus trichechus.
MOR'SEL, n. [L. morsiis.] 1. A bite ; a mouthful ; a small
piece of food. 2. A piece ; a meal ; something to be eaten.
3. A small quantity of something not eatable ; [improper.]
MOR'SURE, n. The act of biting.
MORT, 71. [Fr.] 1. A tune sounded at the death of game.
2. A salmon in his third year.
MOR'TAL, a. [L. mortalis.] 1. Subject to death ; destin-
ed to die. 2. Deadly ; destructive to life. 3. Bringing
death ; terminating life. 4. Deadly in malice or purpose.
5. Exposing to certain death ; incurring the penalty of
death ; condemned to be punished with death ; not venial.
6. Human ; belonging to man who is mortal. 7. Extreme ;
violent ; [7iot elegant.]
MOR'TAL, 71. Man ; a being subject to death ; a human
being.
MOR-TAL'I-TY, n. [L. mortalitas.] I. Subjection to death
or the necessity of dying. 2. Death. 3. Frequency of
death ; actual death of great numbers of men or beasts
4. Human nature. 5. Power of destruction.
MOR'TAL-iZE, v. t. To make mortal. Broome.
MOR'TAL-LY, adv. 1. Irrecoverably ; in a manner that
must cause death. Dryden. 2. Extremely.
MOR'TAR, 71. [L. mortariiun ; Fr. mortier.] 1. A vessel in
which substances are pounded or bruised with a pesile.
2. A short piece of ordnance, used for throwing bombs.
MOR'TAR, 7?. [I), mortel ; Fr. mortier.] A mixture of lime
and sand with water, used as a cement for uniting stones
and bricks in walls.
tM0R'TER,7i. [Fr. mortier.] A lamp or light.
MORT'GAGE, (mor'gaje) 71. [Fr. mort and gage.] 1. Lit-
erally, a dead pledge ; the grant of an estate in fee as se-
curity for the payment of money. 2. A pledge of goods or
chatties by a debtor to a creditor, as security for a debt.
MORT'GAGE, (mor'gaje) v. t. 1. To grant an estate in fee
as security for money lent or contracted to be paid at a
certain time. 2. To pledge ; to make liable to the pay-
ment of any debt or expenditure.
MORT'GAGED, (mor'gajd) pp. Conveyed in fee as security
for the payment of money.
See Synopsis ^,&,l, O V.^ long.—FKR. FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
MUS
543
MOU
MORT-GA-OEE', (raor-ga-jee') n. The person to whom an
estate is mortgaged.
M0RT'GA-6ER, (mor'ga-jer) n. The person who grants an
estate as security for a debt, as above specified.
MOE.-TIFER-OUS, a. [I., mortifer.] Bringing or producing
death ; deadly ; fatal j destructive.
MOR-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. In medicine and surgery,
the death and consequent putrefaction of one part of an
animal body, while the rest is alive. — 2. In Scripture, the
act of subduing the passions and appetites by penance,
abstinence or painful severities inflicted on the body. 3.
Humiliation or slight vexation 5 the state of being hum-
bled or depressed by disappointment, vexation, crosses,
or any thing that wounds or abases pride. 4. Destruction
of active qualities ; applied to metals.
MOR'TI-FiED, pp. 1. Affected by sphacelus or gangrene.
2. Humbled ; subdued ; abased.
MOR'TI-FlED-NESS, 71. Humiliation ; subjection of the
passions. Taylor.
MOR'TI-Fl-ER, n. He or that which mortifies.
MOR'TI-FY, V. t. [Fr. mortifier.] 1. To destroy the or-
ganic texture and vital functions of some part of a living
animal. 2. To subdue or bring into subjection, as the bodi-
ly appetites by abstinence or rigorous severities. 3. To
subdue ; to abase ; to humbie ; to reduce ; to restrain, as
inordinate passions. 4. To humble : to depress ; to affect
with slight vexation. 5. To destroy active powers or es-
sential qualities.
MOR'TI-FY, V. i. 1. To lose vital heat and action, and suf-
fer the dissolution of organic texture, as flesh ; to corrupt
or gangrene. 2. To be subdued. 3. To practice severities
and penance from religious motives.
MOR'TI-FY-ING, ppr. I. Changing from soundness to gan-
grene or sphacelus. 2. Subduing ; humbling ; restraining.
3. a. Humiliating ; tendmg to humble or abase.
MOR'TiSE, (mor'tis) n. [Fr. mortaise.] A cut or hollow
place made in timber, to receive the tenon of another
piece of timber.
MOR'TiSE, v. t. 1. To cut or make a mortise in. 2. To
join timbers by a tenon and mortise.
MOR'TlSED, pp. Having a mortise ; joined by a mortise and
tenon.
MOR'TIS-ING, ppr. Making a mortise ; uniting by a mor-
tise and tenon.
MORT'MAIN, 71. [Fr. mort and main.] In law, possession
of lands or tenements in dead hands^ or hands that cannot
alienate.
•f MORT'PaY, Tt. [Fr. mort, and^ay.] Dead pay ; payment
not made. Bacon.
t MOR'TRESS, 71. A dish of meat of various kinds beaten
together. Bacon.
MOR'TU-A-RY, n. [Fr. mortuaire.^ 1. A sort of ecclesi-
astical heriot, a customary gift claimed by and due to the
minister of a parish on the death of a parishioner. 2 A
burial place.
MOR'TU-A-RY, a. Belongmg to the burial of the dead.
MO-Sa'I€, ) a. [Fr. mosaique.'] 1. Mosaic work is an
MO-Sa'I-€AL, \ assemblage of little pieces of glass, mar-
ble, precious stones, &c., of various colors, cut square and
cemented ou a ground of stucco, in such a manner as to
imitate the colors and gradations of pauiting. 2. [From
Moses.'] Pertaining to Moses, the leader of the Israelites.
MOS'GHA-TEL, «. [fromGr.//ot7;^;oj.] A plant.
MOSK, )n. [Ft. mosquee ; It. moschea; Ai. masjidon.]
MOSQ,UE, \ A Mohammedan temple or place of religious
worship.'
fMOS'KERED, a. Decayed ; rotten. Granger.
MOSS, n. [Sax. meos ; G. moos ; D. mos.] 1. One of the
seven classes into which all vegetables are divided by
Linne. 2. [Sw. TnSse.] A bog; a place where peat is found.
MOSS, V. t. To cover with moss by natural growth.
M03S'-€LAD, a. Clad or covered with moss.
MOSSED, pp. Overgrown with moss.
MOSS'-GRoWN, a. Overgrown witli moss.
MOSS'I-NESS, 71. The state of being overgrown with
moss. Bacon.
MOSS'-TROOP-ER, n. A robber ; a bandit.
MOSS'Y, a. 1. Overgrown with moss; abounding vrith
moss. 2. Covered with moss, or bordered with moss.
•MoST, a. superl. of more. [Sax. nusst ; D., Dan. meest ;
G. 7neist.] 1. Consisting of the greatest number. 2. Con-
sjsting of the greatest quantity ; greatest.
Most, adv. l. in the greatest or highest degree. — As 7nost
is used to express the superlative degree, it is used before
any adjective ; as, most vile.
Most, n. [used as a substitute for a noun, when the noun
is omitted or understood.] 1. The greatest number or part.
— 2. The most, the greatest value, amount or advantage, or
the utmost in extent, degree or effect. — At the most, the
greatest degree or quantity ; the utmost extent.
MOS'TIC, n. [G. mahlerstock.] A pamter's staffer stick on
which he rests his hand in painting.
MoST'LY, adv. For the greatest part.
+ MoST'WHAT, adv. For the most part. Hammond.
MOT. See Motto.
Mo'TA-CIL, n. [L. motacilla.] A bird, the wagtail.
MOTE, [Sax. mot,] in /oZ&mote, &c. signifies a meeting.
MOTE, 71. [Sax. mot ; Sp. mota.] A small particle ; any
thing proverbially small ; a spot.
t MOTE, for mou^ht, might or mtist. Spenser.
Mo'TET, 7i. [Fr. J A musical composition ; an air or hymn
MOTH, 71. [Hax.'mogthe, mohth,7noth.] 1. A small animEu
which breeds in yarn and garments, and often eats and
destroys them. — 2. Figuratively, that which gradually
and silently eats, consumes or wastes any thing.
MOTH'eAT, v. t. [moth and eOt.] To eat or prey upon, as
a moth eats a garment. Herbert.
MOTH'eAT-EN, a. Eaten by moths. Job xxn.
t MOTH'EN, a. FuU of moths. Falke.
MoTH'ER, n. [Sax. moder ; D. moeder ; G. 7imtter ; Sw.
and Dan. moder ; Ir. mathair ; Gr. jJtarrjp ; L. 7uater ; It..
Sp., Port. 7nadre.] I. A female parent ; especially, one of
the human race ; a woman who has borne a child. 2,
That which has produced any thing. 3. That which ha&
preceded in time ; the oldest or chief of any thing. 4.
Hysterical passion ; [oZ>s.] Oraunt. 5. A familiar tenn
of address or appellation of an old woman or matron. 6
An appellation given to a woman who exercises care and
teuderness towards another, or gives parental advice.
7. A thick slimy substance concreted in liquors, particu-
larly in vinegar.
MoTH'ER of pearl, n. The matrix of pearl ; the shell in
which pearls are generated ; a species of mytilus or
mnssel.
MoTH'ER of tMjme, 71. A plant of the genus thijmus.
MoTH'ER, a. 1. Native ; natural ; received by birth. 2.
Native ; vernacular ; received from parents or" ancestors
MoTH'ER, V. i. To concrete, as the thick matter of liquors.
D7-yden.
MoTH'ER, V. t. To adopt as a son or daughter. Howell.
MoTH'ER-HOOD, 71. The state of being a mother.
M6TH'ER-ING, a. To go a mothering, is to visit parents on
Midlent Sunday, and is also known by the name of7nid~
lenting. Herrick.
MOTH'ER-IN-LAW, 71. The mother of a husband or wife
MoTH'ER-LESSJ" a. Destitute of a mother.
M6TH'ER-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to a mother. 2. Becoming
a mother; tender; parental. Arbuthnot.
MoTH'ER-LY, adv. In the manner of a mother.
MoTK'ER-WA-TER, n. A fluid remaining aAer the evap-
oration of salt water, and containing deliquescent salts
and impurities.
iMoTH'ER-WIT, 71. Native wit; common sense.
MoTH'ER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus Zeo?(Mrws.
M6TH'ER-Y, a. Concreted ; resembling or partaking of
the nature of mother.
MOTH'MUL-LEN, ti. A plant. Miller.
MOTH'WoRT, 71. A plant.
MOTH'Y, a. Full of moths. Shak.
Mo'TION, n. [L. 7notio ; Fr. inotion.] 1. The act or process
of changing place ; change of local position ; the passing
of a body from one place to another ; change of distance
between bodies. 2. Animal life and action. 3. Manner
of moving the body ; port ; gait ; air. 4. Change of pos-
ture ; action. 5. Military march or movement. 6. Agi-
tation. 7. Internal action ; excitement. 8. Direction ;
tendency. 9. The effect of impulse ; action proceeding
from any cause, external or internal. 10. Proposal made ;
proposition offered ; particularly, a proposition made in a
deliberative assembly. 11. A puppet-show or puppet;
[obs.] Shak.
Mo'TION, V. t. To propose. [Little used.] See Mote.
Mo'TION, V. i. To advise ; to make proposal ; to offer
plans. [Little used.]
t Mo'TION-ER, n. A mover.
Mo'TION-LESS, a. Wanting motion ; being at rest.
Mo'TiVE, a. Causing motion; having power to move, or
tending to move. Hooker.
Mo'TlVE, 71. [It., Sp., Port, motivo ; Fr. motif.] 1. That
which incites to action ; that wliich detennines the choice,
or moves the will. 2. That which may or ought to incite
to action ; reason ; cause. 3. A mover ; [obs.]
MO-TIVI-TY, 71. The power of producing motion.
MOT'LEY, a. [W. ysmot.] 1. Variegated in color; con-
sisting of different colors ; dappled. 2. Composed of dif-
ferent or various parts, characters or kinds ; diversified.
Mo'TOR, n. [LJ A mover. Volta.
Mo'TO-RY, a. Gfiving motion ; as, motory muscles. Ray.
MOT'TO, n. [It. ; Sp., Port, mote ; Fr. mot.] Primarily, a
word ; but viore com7no7ily, a sentence or phrase prefixed
to an essay or discourse, containing the subject of it, or
added to a device.
I MOUGHT ( "• [^^^' 'mogthc] A moth. Wickliffe.
t MOUGHt'. Used for might ; the prct. of the old verb
7noicc, now converted into may. Fairfax.
Mould, an incorrect orthography. See Moid, and its de-
rivatives.
See l^ympeis. M5VE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
MOU
544
MOV
MOULT. See Molt.
t MOUN. May ; must. See Mowe.
LMOUNCH, or j MAUNCH, v. t. To chew. Chaucer.
iOUND, n. [Sax. mund,'] Someiliing raised as a defense
or fortification, usually a Lank of earth or stone j a bul-
wark ; a rampart or fence.
MOUND, V. t. To fortify with a mound. Johnson.
MOUND'ED, pp. Surrounded or defended by mounds.
MOUND'ING, ppr. Defending by a mound.
MOUNT, 71. [Fr. mont ,• Sax. munt ; It., Port., Sp. monte;
L. 7nons.] 1. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising
considerably above the common surface of the smTOund-
ing land. 2. A mound j a bulwark for offense or defense.
3. Formerly, a bank or fund of money ; [ubs.]
MOUNT, V. i. [Fr. monter.] 1. To rise on high ; to ascend.
2. To rise ; to ascend ; to tower ; to be built to a great
altitude. 3. To get on horseback. 4. To leap upon any
animal. 5. To amount ; to rise in value.
MOUNT, V. t. 1. To raise aloft ; to lift on high. 2. To
ascend ; to climb ; to get upon an elevated place. 3. To
place one's self on horseback. 4. To furnish with horses.
5. To put on or cover with something ; to embellish with
ornaments. 6. To carry ; to be furnished with. 7. To
raise and place on a carriage. — To mount guard, to take
the station and do the duty of a sentinel.
MOUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be ascended. Cotgrave.
MOUNT' AIN, n. [Fr. montagne.'] A large mass of earth
and rock, rising above the common level of the earth or
adjacent land, but of no definite altitude.
MOUNT'AIN, a. Pertaining to a mountain; found on
mountains ; growing or dwelling on a mountain.
MOUNT'AIN-BLuE, n. Malachite ; carbonate of copper.
MOUNT-AIN-EER', ) n. 1. An inhabitant of a mountain.
MOUNT'AIN-ER, \ 2. A rustic ; a freebooter ; a sav-
age.
t MOUNT'AIN-ET, n. A small mountain ; a hillock.
MOUNT'AIN-GREEN, n. A carbonate of copper.
MOUNT' AIN-O US, a. 1. Fall of mountains. 2. Large as
a mountain ; huge. 3. Inhabiting mountains ; [obs.]
Bacon.
MOUNT' AIN-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being full of
mountains. Brerewood.
MOUNT' AIN-PARS-LEY, n. A plant. Lee.
MOUNT' AIN-ROSE, n. A plant.
MOUNT'AIN-SoAP, n. A mineral. Ure.
MOUNT'ANT, a. [Fr. montant.] Rising on high. Shak.
MOUNT'E-BANK, n. [It. montare and baiico.] 1. One who
mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public
place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, and vends
medicines which he pretends are infallible remedies. 2.
Any boastful and false pretender.
MOUNT'E-BANK, v. t. To cheat by boasting and false
pretenses ; to gull. Shak.
MOUNT'E-BANK-ER-Y, n. Quackery ; boastful and vain
pretenses. Hammond.
MOUNT'ED, pp. Raised ; seated on horseback ; placed on
a caiTiage ; covered or embellished ; furnished with guns.
t MOUNT'EN-AUNCE, n. Amount in space. Spenser.
wOUNT'ER, n. One that mounts or ascends.
MOUNT'ING, pp?-. Rising; soaring; placmg on horseback ;
ascending an emmence ; embellishing.
MOUNT'ING-LY, adv. By rising or ascending.
MOUNT'Y, n. The rise of a hawk. Sidney.
•VIoURN, v.i. [Sax. murnan, myrnan.] 1 . To express grief
or sorrow ; to grieve ; to be sorrov/ful. 2. To wear the
customary habit of sorrow.
jRloURN, V. t. 1. To grieve for; to lament. 2. To utter in
a sorrowful manner.
j- MoURNE, (morn) n. [Fr. morne.'] The round end of a
staff; the part of a lance to which the steel or ferrule is
fixed.
MoURN'ER, 71. 1. One that mourns or is grieved at any
loss or misfortune. 2. One that follows a funeral in the
habit of mourning. 3. Someching used at funerals.
MoURN'PUL, a. 1. Intended to express sorrow, or exhib-
iting the appearance of grief. Shak. 2. Causing sorrow ;
sad ; calamitous. 3. Sorrowful ; feeling grief.
MoURN'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner expressive of sorrow ;
with sorrow. Mai. iii.
MoURN'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Sorrow ; grief; state of mourn-
ing. 2. Appearance or expression of grief.
MoURN'ING, ppr. Grieving ; lamenting ; sorrowing ;
wearing the appearance of sorrow.
MoUR'^'ING, 71. 1. The act of sorrowing or expressing
grief; lamentation; sorrow. 2. The dress or customary
habit worn by mourners.
MoURN'ING-D6VE, n. A species of dove.
MoURN'ING-LY, adv. With the appearance of sorrow.
MOUSE, n. ; plu. Mice. [Sax., Sw., L. ttitw.] 1. A small
animal of the genus mus, inhabiting houses.— 2. Among
seamen, a knob formed on a rope by spun-yarn or parce-
ling.
MOUSE, (mouz) v. i. To catch mice. Shak.
MOUSE, (mouz) v. t. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse.—
To mouse a hook, with seamen, is to fasten a small line
across the upper part to prevent unhooking.
MOUSE'-EAR, 71. A plant of the genus hieracium.
MOUSE'-HAWK, n. [Sax. mus-hafac] A hawk that de-
vours mice.
MOUSE'-HOLE, n. A hole where mice enter or pass; a
very small hole or entrance. Stillingfleet.
MOUSE'-HUNT, n. 1. A hunting for mice 2. Amouser;
one that hunts mice. Shak.
MOUS'ER, n. One that catches mice.
MOUSE'-TaIL, n. A plant of the genus myosurus.
MOUSE'-TRAP, n. A trap for catching mice. Prior.
MOUTH, n. [Sax. muth.] 1. The aperture in the head of
ah animal, between the lips, by which he utters his voice
and receives food. 2. The opening of a vessel by which
it is filled or emptied. ' 3. The part or channel of a river
by which its waters are discharged into the ocean or into
a lake. 4. The opening of a piece of ordnance at the end,
by which the charge issues. 5. The aperture of a vessel
in animal bodies, by which fluids or other matter is re-
ceived or discharged. 6. The opening or entrance of a
cave, pit, well or den. Dan. viii. 7. The instrument of
speaking. 8. A principal speaker; one that utters the
common opinion. 9. Cry ; voice. — 10. In Scripture,
words uttered. Jo&xix. 11. Desires ; necessities. P;;. ciii.
12. Freedom and boldness of speech ; force of argument.
Luke xxi. 13. Boastmg ; vaunting. Judges ix. 14. Tes-
timony. Dent. xvii. 15. Reproaches ; calumnies. Job v.
To make a mouth, or to make mouths. 1. To distort the
mouth ; to make a wry face ; hence, to deride or treat
with scorn. Addison. 2. To pout ; to treat disdainfully
— Doicn in the mouth, dejected ; mortified. L'Estrange. —
To stop the mouth, to silence or to be silent ; to put to
shame; to confound. Rom. iii.
MOUTH, v.t. 1. To utter with a voice affectedly big or
swelling. 2. To take into the mouth ; to seize with the
mouth. 3. To chew; to grind, as food; to eat; to de-
vour. 4. To form by the mouth, as a bear her cub ; [not
used.] 5. To reproach ; to insult.
MOUTH, V. i. To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected
voice ; to vociferate ; to rant. Addison.
MOUTHED, pp. 1. Uttered with a full, swelling, affected
voice. 2. Taken into the mouth; chewed. 3. a. Fur-
nished with a mouth ; used chiefly in composition. 4.
Borne down or overpowered by clamor,
MOUTH'FRIEND, n. One who professes friendship with-
out entertaining it ; a pretended friend.
MOUTH'FUL, 71. 1. As much as the mouth contains at
once. 2. "a quantity proverbially small ; a small quantity.
MOUTH'HON-OR, n. Civility expressed without sincerity.
MOUTH'ING, ppr. Uttering with an affected, swellmg
voice.
MOUTH'LESS, a. Destitute of a mouth.
MOUTH'MADE, a. Expressed without sincerity.
MOUTH'PIeCE, n. 1. The piece of a musical wind instru-
ment to which the mouth is applied. 2. One who de-
livers the opinions of others.
MOV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be moved ; that can or may
be lifted, carried, drawn, turned or conveyed, or in any
way made to change place or posture ; susceptible of mo-
tion. 2. That may or does change from one time to an
other.
MoV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being mov-
able ; mobility ; susceptibility of motion.
MOV'A-BIiES, 71. plu. Goods, wares, commodities, furni-
ture ; any species of property not fixed, and thus distin-
guished from houses and lands.
MoV'A-BLY, adv. So that it may be moved. Grew.
MOVE, V. t. [L. vioveo ; It. movere.] 1. To impel ; to
carry, convey or draw from one place to another ; to
cause to change place or posture in any manner or by any
means. 2. To excite into action ; to affect ; to agitate ;
to rouse. 3. To cause to act or determine. 4. To per-
suade ; to prevail on ; to excite from a state of rest or in-
difference. 5. To excite tenderness, pity or grief in the
heart ; to affect ; to touch pathetically ; to excite feeling
in. 6. To make angry ; to provoke ; to irritate. 7. To
excite tumult or commotion. 8. To influence or incite by
secret agency. 9, To shake ; to agitate. 10, To propose ;
to offer for consideration and determination. 11. To pro-
pose ; to recommend. 12. To prompt; to incite; to in-
stigate. Acts xvii.
Move, v. i. l. To change place or posture ; to stir ; to pass
or go in any manner or direction from one place or part
of space to another. 2. To have action. 8. To have the
power of action. 4. To walk. 5. To march. 6. To
tremble ; to shake. 7. To change residence.
M5VE, 71. The act of moving ; the act of transferring from
place to place, as in chess.
Moved, pp. stirred ; excited.
MOVE'LESS, a. That cannot be moved ; fixed.
MCVE'MENT, n. [Fr. mouvemenU] 1. Motion ; a passing,
progression, shaking, turning or flowing ; any change of
position in a material body. 2. The manner of moving.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD;- \ Obsolete
MUC
545
MUL
3. Excitement ; agitation. — 4. In music, any single strain
or part having the same measure or time.
MoWENT, a. [L.movens.] Moving; not quiescent. [L. «.]
Mo'VENT, 71. That which moves any thing. [Little used.]
MOVER, 71. 1. The person or thing that gives motion, or
impels to action. 2. He or that which moves. 3. A pro-
poser ; one that offers a proposition.
MOVING, ppr. 1. Causing to move or act; impelling ; in-
stigating ; persuading ; influencing. 2. a. Exciting the
passions or affections; touching; patlietic; affecting;
adapted to excite or affect the passions.
Moving, ji. Motive; impulse. South.
MOV'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to excite the passions or
affect sensibility ; pathetically. Jiddison.
MoVING-NESS, n. The power of affecting, as the pEissions.
MOW, n. [Sax. mowe, or m^iga.] A heap, mass or pile of
hay deposited in a barn.
MOW, V. t. To lay hay in a heap or mass in a barn, or to
lay it in a suitable manner.
Mow, v.t.j pret. mowed; pp. mowed, or mown. [Sax.
mawan.] 1. To cut down with a sythe, as grass or other
plants. 2. To cut the grass from. 3. To cut down with
speed ; to cut down indiscriminately, or in great numbers
or quantity.
Mow, V. i. 1. To cut grass; to practice mowing ; to use
the sythe. 2. To perform the business of mowing ; to cut
and make grass into hay ; to gather the crop of grass, or
other crop.
( MOW, 71. [from mouth.] A wry face. Shak.
1 MOW, V. i. To make mouths. Ascham.
MOW'BURN, V. i. To heat and ferment in the mow, as
hav when housed too green. Mortimer.
f MOWE, MOWEN, or MOUN, v. i. To be able ; must ;
may. Chaucer.
Mowed, or MoWN, pp. l. Cut with a sythe. 2. Cleared
of grass with a sythe, as land.
Mo VVER, n. One who mows ; a man dextrous in the use
of the sythe.
MOWING, pp-. Putting into a mow.
Mowing, ppr. Cutting down with a sythe.
Mowing, n. L The act of cutting with a sythe. 2. Land
from which grass is cut.
MOX'A, 71. The down of the mugwort of China.
MOYLE, n. A mule. See Mujle.
MUCH, a. l^w.mijcken; Sp. mucho ; It. riiucchio.] 1. Great
in quantity or amount. 2. Long in duration. 3. Many
in number.
MUCH, adv. 1. In a great degree ; by far; qualifying' ad-
jectives of the comparative degree ; as, much more. 2. To
a great degree or extent ; qualifying verbs and participles.
3. Often or long. 4. Nearly.
MUCH, n. 1. A great quantity; a great deal. 2. More
than enough ; a heavy service or burden 3. An uncom-
mon thing ; something strange. Bacon.
As much. 1. An equal quantity; used as an adjective or
nojin. 2. A certain or suitable quantity. 3. To an equal
degree ; adverbially. — So much, an e(iual quantity, or a
certain quantity, as a noun; to an equal degree, or to a
certain degree, as an adverb. — Too much, an excessive
quantity, as a noun ; to an excessive degree, as an ad-
verb. — To make much of. 1. To value highly. 2. To
fondle.— Jkfiic/i at one, nearly of equal value, effect or in-
fluence.
' MUCH'EL, a. [Sax. mycel.] Much. Spenser.
fMUCH'iN'ESS, n. Quantity. Whately.
MUCH'WHAT, adv. Nearly ; almost. [JVot elegant.'] Locke.
Mu'Cie, a. [from mucus.] The mucic acid is^the same as
the saccholactic.
Mu'CID, a. [L. miicidus.] Musty ; moldy ; slimy.
Mu'CID-NESS, 71. Mustiness; sliminess. Ainsworth.
Mu'CI-LAGE, n. [Fr. ; L. mucus.] 1. In chemistry, one
of the proximate elements of vegetables. 2. The liquor
which moistens and lubricates the ligaments and carti-
lages of the articulations or joints in animal bodies.
MU-CI-LAG'I-NOUS, a. 1. Pertaining to or secreting mu-
cilage. Encyc. 2. Slimy ; ropy ; moist, soft and lubri-
cous ; partaking of the nature of mucilage.
MU-CI-LAG'I-NOUS-NESS, n. Sliminess ; the state of being
mucilaginous.
Mu'CITE, 71. A combination of a substance with mucous
acid. Parke.
MUCK, Ji. [Sax. meox, miox ; Dan. 7710a-.] 1. Dung in a
moist state, or a mass of dung and putrefied vegetable
matter. 2. Something mean, vile or filthy, — To run a
muck, to run madly and attack all we meet. Pope.
MUCK, v. t. To manure with muck. Tusser.
MUCK, a. Wet ; moist. Orose.
t MU€K'EN-DER, 7!. [Sp. mocadero ; Fr. mouchoir] A
pocket handkerchief. Dorset.
\ MU€K'ER, V. t. [from muck.] To scrape together money
bv mean labor or shifts.
t MUCK'ER-ER, n. A miser ; a niggard. Chaucer.
muIk'hFlI!' ! - ^ '^-gi^i"- ^-^--
MU€K'I-NESS, n. Filthiness ; nastiness. Johnson-
tMU€'KLE, a. [S?iX. mycel] Much.
MUCK'SWEAT, (muk'swet) n. Profuse sweat. Johnson.
MUCK'WoRM, 71. 1. A worm that lives in muck. 2. A
miser; one who scrapes together money by mean labor
and devices. Bunyan.
MUCK'Y, a. Filthy; nasty. Spenser.
MU-€o'SO-SAC'CHA-RINE, a. Partaking of the qualities
of mucilage and sugar. Fourcroy.
Mu'COUS, a. [L. mucus.] 1. Pertaining to mucus, or re
sembling it ; slimy, ropy and lubricous. 2. Secreting a
slimy substance.
Mu'€OUS-NESS, 7!. The state of being mucous; sliminess.
MU'CRO, 71. [L.] A point. Brown.
Mu'CRO-NATE, ) a. [L. mucronatus.] Narrowed to a
Mu'CRO-NA-TED, \ point ; terminating in a point.
Mu'GU-LENT, a. [L, muculentus.] Slimy ; moist and
moderately viscous.
Mu'CUS, 71. [L.] 1. A viscid fluid secreted by the mucous
membrane, which it serves to moisten and defend. 2.
This term has also been applied to other animal fluids of a
viscid quality, as the synovial fluid, which lubricates the
cavities of the joints.
MUD, n. [D. modder ; G. moder.] Moist and soft earth of
any kind, such as is found in marshes and swamps, at
the bottom of rivers and ponds, or in high-vv^ays after rain.
MUD, v. t. 1. To bury in mud or slime. 2. To make tur-
bid or foul with dirt ; to stir the sediment in liquors.
MUD'DI-LY, adv. Turbidly ; with foul mixture.
MUD'DI-NESS, n. Turbidness; foulness caused by mud,
dirt or sediment. Addison.
MUD'DLE, V. t. 1. To make foul, turbid or muddy, as
water. 2. To intoxicate partially ; to cloud or stupefy,
particularly with liquor. .
MUD'DLE, V. i. To contract filth; to be in a confused or
dirty state.
MUD'DLE, 7?. A confused or turbid state.
MUDDLED, pp. Made turbid; half drunk; stupefied.
MUD'DLING, ppr. Making foul with dirt or dregs ; making
half drunk ; stupefying.
MUD'DY, a. 1. Foul with dirt or fine earthy particles ;
turbid,as water or other fluids. 2. Containing mud. 3
Dirty; dashed, soiled or besmeared with mud. 4. Con-
sisting of mud or earth ; gross; impure. 5. Dark; of the
color of mud. 6. Cloudy in mind ; dull; heavy; stupid.
aiUD'DY, v.t. 1. To soil with mud; to dirty. 2. To
cloud ; to make dull or heavy. Qrexc.
MUD'DY-HEAD-ED, a. Having a dull understanding.
MUD'-FISH, n. A fish, a species of the cyprinus kind.
MUD'-SILL, n. In bridges, the sill that is laid at the bot-
tom of a river, lake, &c.
MUD'-SUCK-ER, n. An aquatic fowl. Derham.
MUD'-WALL, n. 1. A wall composed of mud. South._ 2.
A bird, the apiaster. Ainsworth.
MUD'- WALLED, a. Having a mud wall. Prior.
MUD'-W6RT, n. The least water plantain.
MuE. See Mew,
MUFF, n. [Dan. muff, or muffe ; G. muff.] A warm cover
for the hands usually made of fur or dressed skins.
MUF'FIN, 71. A delicate or light cake.
MUF'FLE, v. t. [D. moffelen.] 1. To cover from the weather
by cloth, fur or any garment ; to cover close, particu-
larly the neck and face. 2. To blindfold. 3. To cover;
to conceal ; to involve. — 4. In seamanship, to put matting
or other soft substance round an oar, to prevent its making
a noise. 5. To wind something round the strings of a
drum to prevent a sharp sound, or to render the sound
grave and solemn.
MUF'FLE, V. i. To mutter ; to speak indistinctly or with-
out clear articulation. Holder.
MUF'FLE, n. [Sp. mufia.] In chemistry, a vessel in the
shape of an oblong arch or vault.
MUF'FLED, pp. Covered closely, especially about the face ;
involved ; blindfolded.
MUF'FLER, 71. A cover for the face. Shak.
MUF'FLING, ppr. Covering closely, especially about the
face ; wrapping close ; involving ; blindfolding.
MUF'FLON, n. The wild sheep or musmon.
MUF'TI, n. The high priest or chief of the ecclesiastical
order among the Mohamynedans.
MUG, 71, A kind of cup from which liquors are drank
t MUG'GARD, a. [See Muggy,] Sullen; displeased.
MUG'GENT, n. A species of wild, fresh-water duck.
MUG'GISH, ^ a. [W. mwcan.] 1. Moist; damp; moldy
MUG'GY, \ 2. Moist ; damp ; close ; warm and un-
elastic.
MUG'HOUSE, n. An alehouse. Tickel.
t Mu'Gl-ENT, a. [L, mugio.] Lowing ; bellowing.
MU'GIL, n. [L.] The mullet, a genus of fishes.
MUG'WEED, 71. A plant of the genus valantia.
MUG'WoRT, 71. [Sax. miigicyrt.] A plant.
MU-LAT'TO, 71. [Sp. mulato.] A person that is the off-
spring of a negress by a white man, or of a white woman
by a negro.
See Synopsis.
MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;
■35
-BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in f Aw. t Obsolete
MUL
546
MUM
MUL'BER-RY, n. [Sw. mulbar ; G. maulbeere.] The berry
or fruit of a tree of the genus morus.
MUL'BER-RY-TREE, n. The tree which produces the
mulberry.
MULCH, n. Half-rotten straw. Bailey.
MUL€T, n. [L. mulcta, or multa.] A fine imposed on a
person guilty of some offense or misdemeanor.
MULCT, V. t. [L. mulcto.] To fine ; to punish for an of-
fense or misdemeanor by imposing a pecuniary fine.
MUL€T'U-A-RY, a. Imposing a pecuniary penalty.
MULE, 71. [Sp., It. mulo ; L. mulus ; Sax. muL] I. A
quadruped of a mongrel breed, usually generated between
an ass and a mare, sometimes between a horse and a
she-ass. 2. A plant or vegetable produced by impregna-
ting tlie pistil of one species of plant with the farina or
fecundating dust of another.
MU-LET-EER', n. [Fr. muletier.] A mule-driver.
MuLE'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus Ae77iio7iitis.
MU-LI-EB'RI-TY, n. [from L. muUebris.] Womanhood ;
the state of being a woman ; a state in females corres-
ponding to virility in man ; also, effeminacy ; softness.
Mu'LI-ER, n. [L.] In laic, lawful issue bom in wedlock
though begotten before. Encyc.
Mulish, a. Likeamule; sullen; stubborn.
MULL, V. t. [qu. L. mollio.] 1. To soften ; or to heat,
sweeten and enrich with spices. 2. To dispirit or deaden.
t MULL, 71. In Scottish, a snuff-box, made of the small end
of a horn. Cumberland.
t MULL, n. Dust. Oower.
MUL'LEN, n. [Old Fr. molene.] A plant.
MUL'LER, n. [Fr. violiere.] 1. A stone held in the hand
with which colors and other matters are ground on an-
other stone ; used by painters and apothecaries. 2. An
instrument used by glass grinders.
MUL'LET, n. [Fr. inulet ; L. mullus.] A fish.
MUL'LI-GRUBS, 7i. A twisting of the intestines ; suUen-
ness. [ji low word.]
MULL'ION, 71. [Fr. moulure.] A division in a window-
frame ; a bar
MULL'ION, V. t. To shape into divisions. Shak.
MUL'LOCK, n Rubbish.
MULSE, 71. [L mulsus.'] Wine boiled and mingled with
honey.
MULT-AN'GU-LAR, a. [L. multus and angulus.] Having
many angles ; polygonal. Martyn.
MULT-AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. With many angles. Grew.
t MULT-ANTrU [^AR-NESS, n. The state of being polyg-
onal.
MUL-TI-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. multiis and capsula.'] In
botany, having many capsules. Martyn.
MUL-TI-€a'VOUS, a. [L. vmltus and cavus.] Having
many holes or cavities. Diet.
MUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS, a. [L. multifarius .] Having great
multiplicity ; having great diversity or variety.
MUL-TI-FaRI-OUS-LY, adv. With great multiplicity and
diversity ; with great variety of modes and relations.
MUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Multiplied diversity.
MUL'TI-FID, a. [L. multijidus.'] Having many divisions ;
many-cleft ; divided into several parts by linear sinuses
and straight margins.
MUL-TIF'I-DOUS, a. [L. viultifidus.} Having many par-
titions ; cleft into many branches.
MUL-TIF'LO-ROUS, a. [L. multus and flos.] Many-flow-
ered ; having many flowers. Martyn.
MULTI-FORM, a. [L. multiformis^'] Having many forms,
shapes or appearances. Watts.
MUL-TI-FORM'I-TY, n. Diversity of forms ; variety of
Shanes or appearances in the same thing.
MUL-TI-6EN'ER-0US, a. [l-..multigenus.] Having many
kinds. Diet.
MUL-TI-Ju'GOUS, a. [L. multus and jugum.] Consisting
of many pairs.
MUL-TI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. multus and latus.] Having
many sides.
MUL-TI-LIN'E-AL, a. Having many lines.
MUL-TI-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. multus and loculus.] Having
many cells. Martyn.
MUL-TIL'O-aUOUB, a. [L. multus and loquor.] Speaking
much ; very talkative ; loquacious. Diet.
MUL-TI-NO'MI-AL, ) a. [L. multus and nomen.] Hav-
MUL-TI-NOM'I-NAL, \ ing many names or terms. Diet.
MUL-TI-NOM'I-NOUS. The same as multinomial.
BIUL-TIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. multus and -pario.] Producing
many at a birth.
MUL-TIPAR-TITE, a. [L. multus and -partitus.] Divided
into many parts ; having several parts.
MUL'TI-PED, 71. [L. multus and pes ] An insect that has
many feet.
MUL'TI-PED, a. Having many feet.
MUL'TI-PLE, a. [L. multiplex.] Containing many times.
MUL'TI-PLE, n. In arithmetic, a common multiple of two or
more numbers contains each of them a certain number
of times exactly^ thus 24 is a common multiple of 3
and 4.
MUL'TI-PLEX, a. [L.l Many-fold ; having petals lying
over each other in folds. Martyn.
MUL'TI-PLl-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be multiplied.
MUL'TI-PLI-A-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of being muhiplied.
MUL'TI-PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may be multiplied.
MUL-TI-PLI-CAND', n. [L. multiplicandus.] In arithmetic,
the number to be muliiplied by another.
MUL'TI-PLI-€ATE, a. [L. multiplitatus.] Consisting of
many or more than one.
MUL-TI-PLI-Ca'TION, n. [L. multiplicatio.] 1. The act
of multiplying or of increasing number. — 2. In arithmetic,
a rule or operation by which any given number may be
increased according to any number of times proposed.
MUL'TI-PLI-CA-Tl VE, a. Tending to multiply j having
the power to multiply or increase numbers.
MUL-TI-PLI-€a'TOR, n. The number by which another
number is multiplied ; a multiplier.
MUL-TI-PLi"CIOUS, a. Manifold. Brown.
MUL-TI-PLIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. multiplicite.] 1. A state of
being many. 2. Many of the same kind.
MUL'TI-PLiED, pp. I. Increased in numbers. 2. Numer-
ous ; oftenrepeated.
MUL'TI-PLi-ER, 71. 1. One who multiplies, or increases
number. 2. The number in arithmetic by which another
is multiplied ; the multiplicator.
SIUL'TI-PLY, v. t. [L. multiplico.] 1. To increase in num-
ber ; to make more by natural generation or production,
or by addition. — 2. In arithmetic, to increase any given
number as many times as there are units in any other
given number.
MUL'TI-PLY, V. i. 1. To grow or increase in number. 2.
To increase in extent ; to extend ; to spread.
MUL'TI-PLY-ING, ppr. 1. Increasing in number. 2. Grow-
ing or becoming numerous.
MUL-TIP'0-TENT, a. [L. multipotens.] Having manifold
power, or power to do many things.
MUL-Ti-PRES'ENCE, n. [L. multus and prcesentia.] The
power or act of being present in many places at once.
MUL-TIS'CIOUS, a. [L. multiscius.] Having variety of
knowledge.
MUL-TI-SIL'I-QUOUS, a. [L. multus and siliqua.] Hav-
ing many pods or seed-vessels. Bailey.
MUL-TIS'0-NOUS, a. [L. multus and sonus.] Having
many sounds, or sounding much. Bailey.
MUL-TI-SYL'LA-BLE, n. A polysyllable.
MUL'TI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. multitudo.] 1. The state of
being many ; a great number. 2. A number collectively ;
the sum of many. 3. A great number, indefinitely. 4.
A crowd or throng ; the populace.
MUL-TI-Tu'DI-NOUS, a. 1. Consisting of a multitude or
great number. 2. Having the appearance of a multitude.
3. Manifold.
MUL-TIV'A-GANT, } a. [L. multivagus.] Wandering
t MUL-TIV'A-GOUS, \ much. Diet.
MUL'TI- VALVE, n. [L. multus and valve.] An an
which has a shell of many valves. Zoology.
MSL-?tvliv?i^-LAR, i - H-^-g ^^^y ^^'^^^' ^
MUL-TIV'ER-SANT, a. [L. multus and verto.] Proi
turning into many shapes ; assuming many forms.
MUL-TIV'I-OUS, a. [L. multus and via.] Having many
ways or roads. [Little used.] Diet.
MUL-TOC'U-LAR, a. [L. multus and oculas.] Having
many eyes, or more eyes than two. Derham.
MULT'URE, n. [L. molitura.] 1. In Scottish law, the toll or
emolument given to the proprietor of a mill for grinding
corn. 2. A grist or grinding.
MUM, a. I, Silent; not speaking. 2. As an exclamation
or command, be silent ; hush. 3. As a noun, silence.
MUM, 7!. [G., Ban. mumme; D. 7«07rt.J A species of malt
liquor much used in Germany.
MUM'BUD-GET, interj. [7num and budget.] An expression
denoting secresy as well as silence ; used in a contempt-
uous or ludicrous manner.
MUM'-CHaNCE, n. A game of hazard with dice. [Local.]
2. A fool. [Local.]
MUM'BLE, v. i. [G. mummeln.] 1. To mutter ; to speak
with the lips or other organs partly closed, so as to render
the sounds inarticulate and imperfect ; to uiter words with
a grumbling tone. 2. To chew or bite softly j to eat with
ihe lips close.
MUM'BLE, V. t. 1. To utter with a low, inarticulate voice
2. To moHth gently, or to eat with a muttering sound. 3.
To suppress or utter imperfectly.
MUM'BLED, pp. Uttered with a low inarticulate voice •
cliewed softly or with a low muttering sound.
MUiM'BLE-NEWS, n. A kind of tale-bearer. Sliak.
MUIM'BLER, 71. Oiie that speaks with a low, inarticulate
voice.
MUM'BLING, ppr. Uttering with a low, inarticulate voice ■
cliewinu softly or with a grumbling sound.
MUM'BLING-LY, adv. With a low, inarticulate utterance.
MUMM, v.t. [Dan. mumme; Fr. mummer,] To mask; to
sport or make diversion in a mask or disguise.
* See Synapsis, S, E, I, O, U Y long.—FA^, FALL, WHAT ;— PRjEY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
MUN
547
MUS
MUM'MER, n. One who masks himself and makes diver-
sion in disguise ; originally, one who made sport by gest-
ures without speaking.
MUM'MER-Y, n. [Fr. momerie.] 1, Masking; sport;
diversion ; frolicking in masks ; low, contemptible amuse-
ment ; buffoonery. 2. Farcical show ; hypocritical disguise
and parade to delude vulgar minds.
MUM'MI-FY, v. t. To make into a mummy. Journ. of
Science.
MUM'MY, n. [It. mummia; Arabic, momia.] 1. A dead
human body embalmed and dned after the Egyptian man-
ner. 2. The name of two substances prepared for medi-
cinal use, which, according to Hill, are, the one, the dried
flesh of human bodies embalmed with myrrh and spice ;
the other, a liquor running from such mummies when
newly prepared, or when affected by great heat and
damps. 3. There are found in Poland natural mummies
lying in caverns, supposed to be the remains of persons
who in time of war took refuge in caves. — 4. Among
gardeners, a sort of wax used in grafting and planting
trees. — To beat to a mummy, to beat soundly, or to a sense-
less mass.
MUM'MY-CHOG, n, A small fish of the carp kind.
MUMP, V. t. [D. mompen.] 1, To nibble ; to bite quick ; to
chew with continued motion. 2. To talk loud and quick.
3. To go begging. 4. To deceive ; to cheat.
MUMP'ER, n. A beggar. Johnson.
RIUMP'ING, n. Begging tricks ; foolish tricks ; mockery.
MUMP'ISH, a. Dull ; heavy ; sullen ; sour.
MUMPS, 71. 1. Sullenness; silent displeasure ; [I. u.] Skin-
ner. 2. A disease, the cynanche parotidcea, a swelling of
the parotid glands.
MUNCH, V. t. To chew by great raouthfuls. [Vulgar.]
MUNCH, V. i. To chew eagerly by great mouthfuls.
MUNCH'ER, n. One that munches. Johnson.
MUND, Sax. mund, protection, patronage, peace, is found
in old laws ; as mundbrece, that is, a breaking or violation
of the peace. It is retained in names, as in Eamund, Sax.
eadmund, happy peace, as in Greek Irenmus, Hesy chins.
MUN'DANE, a. [L. mundanus.] Belonging to the world,
t MUN-DAN'I-TY, 71. Worldliness. Mountague.
t MUN-Da'TION, n. [L. mundus.] The act of cleans-
ing.
MUN'DA-TO-RY, a., [L. mundo.] Cleansing; having
power to cleanse. [Little used.]
t MUN'DIC, 71. A kind of marcasite ; a mineral.
MUN-DI-F1-€a'TI0N, n. [L. mundus and/acio.] The act
or operation of cleansing any body. Qtiincy.
MUN-DIF'I-CA-TlVE, a. Cleansing ; having the power to
cl63,ns6 JViscjiidTim '
MUN-DIF'I-€A-TiVE, n. A medicine that has the quality
of cleansing.
MUN'DI-FY, V. t. PL. mundus and facio.] To cleanse.
MUN-DIV'A-GANT, a. [L. vmndivagus.] Wandering
through the world. Diet.
IVrUN-DUN'GUS, 71. Stinking tobacco. Phillips.
Mu'NER-A-RY, a. [L. munus.] Having the nature of a
gift. [Little used.] Johnson.
fMU'NER-ATE. ) gfe Rruimi^RATE
fMU-NER-A'TION. i *ee JIemunerate.
MUNG'CORN, n. Mixed corn. See Mangcorn.
MUN'GREL, n. [See Mongrel.] An animal generated be-
tween different kinds, as a dog.
MUN'GREL, a. Generated between different kinds ; de-
generate. Shak. Dnjdsn.
MU-NIC'I-PAL, a. [Fr. ; L. municipalis.] 1. Pertaining to
a corporation or city. 2. Pertaining to a state, kingdom
or nation.— Municipal, as used by the Romans, originally
designated that which pertained to a mimicipium, a free
citv or town.
MU-NI-CI-PAL'I-TY, n. In France, a certain district or
division of the country ; also, its inhabitants. Burke.
\ MU-NIF'I-€ATE, v. t. [L. munifico.] To enrich. Cockeram.
MU-NIF'I-CENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. viunificentia.] 1. A giving
or bestowing liberally ; bounty ; liberality. 2. In Spenser,
fortification or strength ; [obs.]
MU-NIF'I-CENT, a. Liberal in giving or bestowing ; gen-
erous. Atterbury.
MU-NIF'I-CENT-LY, adv. Liberally ; generously.
MtJ'NI-MENT, 7z. [1j. munimciitiim.] ]. A fortification of
any kind ; a strong hold ; a place of defense. 2. Sup-
port ; defense. 3. Record ; a writing by which claims
and rights are defended or maintained.
fMtl'NITE, 77. t. To fortify. Bacon.
MU-Nl"TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. munitio.] 1. Fortification ; [ob-s.]
Hale. 2. Ammunition ; whatever materials are used in war
for defense, or for annoying an enemy. 3. Provisions of a
garrison or fortress, or for ships of war, and in general
for an mmy .—Munition-ships, ships which convey mili-
tary and naval stores.
t- MtJ'NI-TY, n. Freedom ; security. See Immunity.
MUNN'ION, (mun'yun) n. An uprignt piece of timber
which separates the several lights in a window-frame.
See MuLLioN.
MUNd's, I "• '^^*^ mouth. [Vulgar.]
Mu'RAGE, n. [L. mums.] Money paid for keeping walls
in repair. Johnson.
Mu'RAL, a. [L. muralis.] 1. Pertaining to a wall. 2.
Resembling a wall ; perpendicular or steeT^.— Mural crown,
among the ancient Romans, a golden crown, bestowed on
him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place.
MUR'DER, 71. [Sax. 7norther; B.moord; G., Dan., Sw
mord.] 1. The act of unlawfully killing a human being
with premeditated malice, by a person of sound mind. 2
An outcry, when life is in danger.
MUR'DER, V. t. [Sax. myrthian ; D. moorden.] 1. To kill
a human being with premeditated mahce. 2. To destroy _,
to put an end to.
MUR'DERED, pp. Slain with malice prepense.
MUR'DER-ER, n. 1. A person who, in possession of his
reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated
malice. 2. A small piece of ordnance.
MUR'DER-ESS, n. A female who commits murder.
MUR'DER-ING, ppr. Killing a human being with malice
premeditated.
MUR'DER-ING-PIECE, n. A small piece of ordnance
Shak.
t MUR'DER-MENT, n. The act of killing unlawfully.
Fairfax.
MUR'DER-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of murder. 2. Consisting in
murder ; done with murder ; bloody ; cruel. 3. Bloody ;
sanguinary ; committing murder. 4. Premeditating mur-
der.
MUR'DER-OUS-LY, adv. In a murderous or cruel manner.
t MURE, n. [L. murus.] A wall. Shak.
MURE, V. t. [Fr. murer.] To inclose in walls ; to wall.
t Mu'REN-GER, n. An overseer of a wall. Ainsworth.
Mu'RI-A-CITE, 71. A stone composed of salt, sand and
gypsum.
Mu'RI-ATE, n. [L. muria.] A salt formed by muriatic
acid combined with a base.
Mu'RI-A-TED, a. 1. Combined with muriatic acid. Kirwan.
2. Put in brine. Evelyn.
MU-RI-AT'ie, a. Having the nature of brine or salt water ;
pertaining to sea salt.
MU-RI-A-TIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing muriatic substances
or salt.
MU-RI-€AL'CITE, n. Rhomb-spar. Ure.
Mu'RI-€A-TED, a. [Ij. muricatus.] 1. Formed with sharp
points ; full of sharp points or prickles. — 2. In botany,
having the surface covered with sharp points, or armed
with prickles.
Mu'RI-CTTE, n. Fossil remains of the murex, a genus of
shells.
Mu'RINE, &. [L. murinus.] Pertaining to a mouse or to
mice.
MURK, 71. [Sw. mhrker.] Darkness. [Little used.]
MURK'Y, a. [Dan. 7K0>fc.] Dark; obscure; gloomy.
MUR'MUR, n. [L.] I. A low, sound continued or contin-
ually repeated, as that of a stream running in a stony
channel, or that of flame. 2. A complaint half suppressed,
or uttered in a low, muttering voice.
MUR'MUR, V. i. [L. murmuro.] 1. To make a low, con-
tinued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water,
rolling waves, or like the wind in a forest. 2. To grum-
ble ; to complain ; to utter complaints in a low, half-
articulated voice ; to utter sullen discontent.
MUR'MUR- ER, n. One who murmurs ; one who complains
sullenly ; a grumbler.
t MUR-MUR-A'TION, n. [L. murmuratio.] A low sound j
the act of murmuring or muttering.
MUR'MUR-ING,y;)r. Uttering complaints in a low voice
or sullen manner ; grumbling ; complaining.
MUR'MUR-ING-LY, adv. With a low sound ; with com-
plaints.
MUR'MUR-OUS, a. "Exciting munnur or complaint.
t MUR'NI-VAL, 7?-. [Fi. mornifie.] Four cards of a sort.
Skinner.
t MURR, 77. A catarrh. Oascoigne.
MUR'RAIN, (mur'rin) 7i. [Sp. morrina.] An infectious and
fatal disease among cattle. Bacon.
t MUR'RAIN, a. Infected with the murrain. Shak.
MUR'RE, 71. Akindof bird. Carew.
MUR'REY, a. Of a dark red color. Bacon.
MUR'RHINE, a. [L. murrhinus.] An epithet given to a
delicate kind of ware orporcelam brought from the East.
MUR'RI-ON, 77. [Port, morriam.] A helmet; a casque;
armor for the head. King.
MURTH of Corn, n. Plenty of grain.
t MU-SaRD', 71. [Fr.] A dreamer ; one who is apt to be
absent in mind. Chaucer.
MUS'€A-DEL, ) a. and n. [It. moscatello ; Port., Sp. mosca-
MUS'CA-DINE, f tel; Fr. muscat, muscadin.] 1. An
MUS-CAT', ( appellation given to a kind of rich
MUS'€A-TEL, J wine, and to the grapes which produce
it. 2. A sweet pear.
MUS'CLE, (mus'sl) n. [Fr. ; L. muscuhis.] I. In anatomy, the
3ee SunP2>sis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete.
MUS
548
MUT
muscles are the organs of motion, consisting of fibres
or bundles of fibres inclosed in a thin cellular membrane.
2. A bivalvular shell fish of tlie genus mytilus; some-
times written mussel.
MUS-eOS'I-TY, n. Mossiness.
MUS-€0-Va 'DO, n. Unrefined sugar ; the raw material
from which loaf and lump sugar are procured by refining.
MUS'eO-VY-DU€K, n. The musk-duck.
MUS'CO-VY-GLaSS, n. Mica, which see.
MUS'€U-LAR, a. 1. Pertaining to a muscle. 2. Performed
by a muscle. 3. Strong ; brawny ; vigorous.
MUS-€U-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of being muscular.
MUS'eU-LITE, 71. A petrified muscle or shell.
MUS'€U-LOUS, a. [L. viusculosus.] 1. Full of muscles, 2.
Strong ; brawny. 3. Pertaining to a muscle or to muscles.
MUSE, n. ['L.musa.] 1. Properly, song 3 but in usage,
the deity or power of poetry. 2. Deep thought ; close
attention or contemplation which abstracts the mind from
passing scenes ; hence, sometimes, absence of mind.
MUSE, n. One of the nine sister goddesses, who, in the
heathen Tmjthology, are supposed to preside over the liberal
arts.
MUSE, V. i. [Fr. muser.'] 1. To ponder ; to think closely;
to study in silence. 2. To be absent in mind ; to be so
occupied in study or contemplation, as not to observe
passing scenes or "things present. 3. To wonder 3 [06s.]
MUSE, V. t. To think on ; to meditate on. Thornson.
MuSE'FUL, a. Thinking deeply ; silently thoughtful. Dry-
den.
MUSE'LESS, a. Disregarding the power of poetry.
MuS'ER, n. One who thinks closely in silence, or one apt
to be absent in mind. Johnson.
MU'SET, n. The place through which the hare goes to re-
lief; a hunting term. Bailey.
MU-SE'UM, n. [Gr. jwoucretov.] A house or apartment ap-
propriated as a repository of things that have an immedi-
ate relation to the arts ; a cabinet of curiosities.
MUSH, ?t. [G. mus.] The meal of maize boiled in water.
MUSH'ROOM, n. [Fr. mousseron.] 1. The common name
of numerous cryptogamiau plants of the natural order of
fungi. 2. An upstart ; one that rises suddenly from a
low condition in life.
MUSH'ROOM-STONE, n. A fossil or stone that produces
mushrooms ; the lyncurius. Woodward.
MtJ'SI€, 71. [L.musica; Fr. miisique.] 1. Melody or har-
mony ; any succession of sounds so modulated as to please
the ear, or any combination of simultaneous sounds in
accordance or harmony. 2. Any entertainment consist-
ing in melody or harmony. 3. The science of harmonical
sounds, which treats of the principles of harmony, or the
properties, dependencies and relations of sounds to each
other. 4. The art of combining sounds in a manner to
please the ear. 5. Order ; harmony in revolutions.
'MU'SI-eAL, a. 1. Belonging to music. 2. Producing mu-
sic or agreeable sounds. 3. Melodious ; harmonious ;
pleasing to the ear.
MU'SI-GAL-LY, adv,. In a melodious or harmonious man-
ner ; with sweet sounds.
Mu'SI-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being melodious or
harmonious.
]Mu'SI€-BOOK, n. A book containing tunes or songs for
the voice' or for instruments.
MU-Si"CIAN, n. A person skilled in the science of music,
or one that smgs or performs on instruments of music
according to the rules of the art.
Mu'SIC-MaS-'I'ER, n. One v/ho teaches music.
MuS'ING, ppr. Meditating in silence.
MtJS'ING, ??. Meditation ; contemplation.
MUSK, n. [L. muscus.] A strong-scented substance ob-
tained from a cyst or bag near the navel of the Thibet
musk, [moschus moschiferxts,] an animal that inhabits the
mountains of Central Asia.
MUSK, 71. Grape-hyacinth or grape-flower. Johnson.
MUSK, V. t. To perfume with musk.
MUSK'-AP-PLE, n. A particular kind of apple.
MUSK'-CAT, 71. The musk, which see.
MUSK'-CHER-RY, n. A kind of cherry.
MUS'KET, 71. [It. moschetto ; Fr. mousquet.] 1. A species
of fire-arms used in war. 2. A male hawk of a small
kind, the female of which is the sparrow-hawk.
MUS-KET-EER', ji. A soldier armed with a musket.
MUS-Kk'TOE, {n. [Bp., Fort, mosquito.] A small insect
MUS-Q,Ue'TOE, \ of the genus culex, that is bred in wa-
ter ; a species of gnat that aboimds m marshes and low
lands, and whose sting is peculiarly painful and vexatious.
MUS-KE-TOON', 7^. [Fr. mousqueton.] 1. A short thick
musket ; the shortest kind of blunderbuss. 2. One who
is armed with a musketoon. Herbert.
MUSK'I-NESS, 71. [from musk.] The scent of musk.
MUSK'MEL-ON, n. A delicious species of melon ; named
probably from its fragrance.
MUSK'-OX, 71. A species of the genus bos, which inhabits
the country about Hudson's Bay.
MUSK'-PEaR, n. A fragrant kind of pear. Johnson.
MUSK'RAT, or MUS'aUASH, n. An American animal 0/
the murine genus, the mus zibethicus.
MUSK'ROSE, 71. A fragrant species of rose.
MUSK'-SEED, n. A plant of the genus hibiscus.
MUSK'-WOOD, n. A species of plant of the genus tricUlva.
MUSK'Y, a. Having the odor of musk ; fragrant.
MUS'LIN, 71. [Fr. mousseline ; It. mussolina, mussolo.'] A
sort of fine cotton cloth, which bears a downy knot on its
surface.
MUS'LIN, a. Made of muslin ; as, a.muslin gown.
MUS-LIN-ET', n. A sort of coarse cotton cloth.
MUS'MON, or MUS'I-MON, n. An animal esteemed a epe
cies of sheep.
MUS'ROLE, n. [Fr. muserolle.'] The nose-band of a horse's
bridle.
t MUSS, 71. A scramble. Shak.
MUS'SEL. See Muscle.
t MUS-SI-Ta'TION, 71. [L.mussito.} Murmur; grumble
MUS'SITE, n. A variety of pyroxene.
MUS'SUL-MAN, n. A Mohammedan or follower of Mo-
hammed.
MUS'SUL-MAN-ISH, a. Mohammedan. Herbert.
MUST, V. i. [Sax. most ; D. moeten, moest.] 1. To be
obliged ; to be necessitated. 2. It expresses moral fitness
or propriety, as necessary or essential to the character or
end proposed.
MUST, n. [L. mustum ; Sax. must.] New wine ; wine
pressed from the grape but not fermented.
MUST, V. t. [Fr. moisi.] To make moldy and sour.
MUST, V. i. To grow moldy and sour ; to contract a fetid
smell.
MUS'TAe, n. A small tufted monkey,
MUS-Ta'CHES, 71. [Fr. jnoustaches ; Sp. mostacho; It. mos-
tacchio.] Long hair on the upper lip.
MUS'TARD, 71. [It. mostarda.] A plant.
MUS-TEE', or MES-TEE , n. A person of a mixed breed.
TVm Indies m
MUS'TE-LINE, a. [L. miistelinus.] Pertaining to the
weasel or animals 01 the genus mustela.
MUS'TER, v. t. [G. mustern; D. monsteren.] Properly, to
collect troops for revievv^, parade and exercise ; but in gen-
eral, to collect or assemble troops, persons or things.
MUS'TER, V. i. To assemble ; to meet in one place.
MUS'TER, 71. [It., Port, mostra.l 1. An assembling of
troops for review, or a review of troops under arms. 2.
A register or roll of troops mustered. 3. A collection, or
the act of collecting. — To pass muster, to be approved or
allowed.
MUS'TER-BOOK, 71. A book in which forces are regis-
tered.
MUS'TER-MAS-TER, 7?. One who takes an account of
troops, and of their arms and other military apparatus.
MUS'TER-RoLL, n. A roll or register of the troops.
MUST'I-LY, adv. Moldily; sourly.
MUST'I-NESS, 71. The quality of being musty or sour,
moldiness ; damp foulness. Evelyn,
MUST'Y, a. 1. Moldy; sour; foul and fetid. 2. Stale;
spoiled by age. 3. Having an ill flavor. 4. Dull ; heavy ;
spiritless.
MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. mutabilite ; L. mutabilitas.]
1. Changeableness ; susceptibility of change. 2. The
state of habitually or frequently changing. 3. Changea-
bleness, as of mind, disposition or will ; inconstancy ; in-
stability.
MU'TA-BLE, a. [It. mutabile ; h. mutabilis.] 1. Subject to
change ; changeable ; that may be altered in form, quali-
ties or nature. 2. Inconstant ; unsettled ; unstable ; sus-
ceptible of change.
Mu'TA-BLE-NESS, n. Changeableness; mutability; in
stabilitv.
MCT-Ta'TION, n. [L. mutatio.] 1. The act or process of
changing. 2. Change ; alteration, either in form or qual
ities.
MUTE, a. [L. mutus ; Fr. muet.] 1. Silent ; not speaking ;
not uttering words, or not having the power of utterance ;
dumb. 2. Uttering no sound. 3. Silent; not pronoun-
ced.
MUTE, n. 1. In law, a person that stands speechless when
he ought to answer or plead. — 2. In grammar, a letter
that represents no sound ; a close articulation which inter-
cepts the voice, — 3, In music, a little utensil of wood or
brass, used on a violin to deaden or soften the sounds,
MUTE, V. i. [Fr. mutir.] To eject the contents of \\e
bowels, as birds. B. Jonson.
MUTE, 7?. The dung of fowls.
MuTE'LY, adv. Silently ; without uttering words or sounds
MuTE'NESS, 71. Silence; forbearance of speaking.
Mu'TI-LATE, V. t. [L, mutilo.] 1, To cut off a limb o
essential part of an animal body, 2. To cut or break off
or otherwise separate any important part. 3. To retrench,
destroy or remove any material part, so as to render the
thing imperfect.
Mu'TI-LA-TED, pp. Deprived of a limb or of an essential
part.
(
SeeSmov^. A E I, 0, U. Y Jo?}?.— FAR FALL WHAT ;—PREY ;—PiN, MARINE BIRD;— ^Obsolete.
MYR
549
MYT
Rlu'TI-LA-TED, ) a. In botany, the reverse of luxuriant ;
Mu'TI-LATE, J not producing a corol, when not regu-
larly apetalous.
Mu'TI-LA-TING, ppr. Retrenching a limb or an essential
part.
MU-TI-La'TION, n. [L. mutilatio.] The act of mutilating ;
deprivation of a limb or of an essential part,
Mu'TI-LA-TOR, n. One who m^itilates.
Mu'TI-LOUS, a. Mutilated j defective ; imperfect.
MU'TINE, a mutineer, and Mu'TlNE, to mutiny, are not
in use.
MU-TX-NEER', «. One guilty of mutiny. See BIutiny.
MuT'ING, n. The dung of fowls. More.
Mu'TI-NOUS, a. 1. Turbulent; disposed to resist the au-
thority of laws and regulations in an army or navy, or
openly resisting such authority. 2. Seditious.
Mu'TI-NOUS-LY, adv. In a manner or with intent to op-
pose lawful authority or due subordination in military or
naval service.
MU'TI-NOUS-NESS, n. The state of being mutinous ; op-
position to lawful authority among military men.
MU'TI-NY, w. [Fr. mutinerie.] An insurrection of soldiers
or seamen against the authority of their commanders ;
open resistance of officers, or opposition to their authority.
Mu'TI-NY, V. i. To rise against lawful authority in milita-
ry and naval service.
MUT'TER, V. i. [L. mutio.] 1. To utter words with a low
voice and compressed lips, with sullenness or in com-
plaint ; to grumble ; to murmur. 2. To sound with a low,
rumbling noise.
MUT'TER, V. t. To utter with imperfect articulations, or
with a low, murmuring voice.
MUT'TER, n. Murmur ; obscure utterance. Milton.
MUT'TERED, pp. Uttered in a low, murmuring voice.
MUT'TER-ER, n. A grumbler ; one that mutters.
MUT'TER-ING, ppr. Uttering with a low, murmuring
voice ; grumbling ; murmuring.
MUT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With a low voice; without dis-
tinct articulation.
\IUT'TON, (mut'n) n. [Fr. moutnn.] 1. The flesh of sheep,
raw or dressed for food. 2. A sheep. Bacon.
MUT'TON-FIST, n. A large, red, brawny hand.
MU'TU-AL, a. [Fr. mutuel ; L. mutuus.] Reciprocal ; in-
terchanged ; each acting in return or correspondence to the
other ; given and received.
Mu-TU-AL'I-TY, n. Reciprocation ; interchange. Shak.
MU'TU-AL-LY, adv. Reciprocally ; in the manner of
giving and receiving.
? MU-TU-A-Tl"TIOUS, a. Borrowed; taken from some
other.
■VrU-TU-A'TION, n. [L. mutuatio.] The act of borrowing.
[Little used.] Hall.
MtJ'TULE, n. [Fr. mutule.] In architecture, a square mo-
dillion under the cornice.
MUX, n. [a corruption of mMc7>:.] Dirt. Qrose.
MUX'Y, a. Dirtv ; gloomy. Lemon.
MUZ'ZLE, n. [f"r. museau.] 1. The mouth of a thing ; the
extreme or end for entrance or discharge ; applied chiefly to
the end of a tube. 2. A fastening for the mouth whicli
hinders from biting.
MUZ'ZLE, V. t. 1. To bind the mouth ; to fasten tlie mouth
to prevent biting or eating. 2. To fondle with the mouth
close ; [loio.] 3. To restrain from hurt.
MUZ'ZLE, r. i. To bring the mouth near. L'Estrange.
MUZ'ZLE-RING, n. The metalline ring or circle that sur-
rounds the mouth of a cannon or other piece. Encyc.
MUZ'ZY, a. [a corruption from to muse.] Absent ; forget-
ful ; dreaming ; bewildered by thought or by liquor.
*■ My, pronom. adj. [contracted from misren, mine. See
Mine.] Belonging tome ; as, this is my' book.
MYN'CHEJV, n. [Sax. mynchen.] A nun. Diet.
MYN-HEER', n. [D. my lord.] A Dutchman.
MY-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a description of the
muscles.
MY-OG'RA-PHIST, n. One who describes the muscles.
MY-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. fjivs, [xvos, and ypacpo).] A de-
scription of the muscles of the body.
MY-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to the description and
doctrine of ths muscles.
MY-0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. ijlvs, ixvog, and 'Soyog.] A descrip-
tion of the muscles, or the doctrine of the muscles of the
human body.
My'OPE, «. [Gr. fxvioip.] A short-sighted person. ./9<fams
My'O-PY, n. Short-sightedness. Encyc.
MYR'I-AD, n. [Gr. ixvpiag.] 1. The number of ten thou-
sand 9. An immense number, indefinitely. Milton.
MYR-1 i^M'E-TER, n. [Gr. {ivpia and ixerpov.] In the iieto
systeii of French measures, the length of ten thousand
metres.
MYR'I-ARGH, n. [Gr. jxvpia and ap)(^og.] A captain or
commander often thousand men.
MYRT-ARE, n. [Gr. [jjjpia, and are, h. area.] A French
linear measure often thousand arcs. Lunier.
MYR'I-CIN, 71. The substance which remains after bees-
wax has been digested in alcohol.
MYR-I-OL'I-TER, n. [Gr. fxvpios and Xirpa.] A French
measure of capacity containing ten thousand liters.
MYR'MI-DON, n. [Gr. lAvpixriScav.] Primarily, the Myrmi-
dons are said to have been a people on the borders of Thes-
saly. A desperate soldier or ruffian.
MY-ROB'A-LAN, n. [L. mijrobolanum.] A dried fruit of
the plum kind brought from the East Indies.
JMY-ROP'O-LIST, 71. [Gr. ixvpov and jiwXsoj.] One that
sells unguents. [Little v^cd.]
MYRRH, (mer) n. [L. myrrha.] A gum-resin that comes
in the form of drops or globules of various colors and
sizes, of a pretty strong but agreeable smell, and of a bitter
taste.
MYR'RHINE, a. [D. myrrhinus.] Made of the myrrhine
stone. Milton.
MYR'TI-FORM, a. [L. myrtus and form.] Resembling
myrtle or myrtle berries.
MYR'TLE, n. [L. myrtus.] A plant of the genus myrtus, of
several species.
My'RUS, n. A species of sea-serpent.
MY-SELF', pron. 1. A compound of my and self, used after
/, to express emphasis, marking emphatically the distinc-
tion between the speaker and another person ; as, I my-
self will do iti — 2. In the objective case, the reciprocal of /;
as, I will defend myself. '3. It is sometimes used without
/, particularly in poetry.
MYS'TA-GOGUE, (mis'ta-gog) n. [Gr. ijvarijs and aywyog.]
1. One who interprets mysteries. 2. One that keeps
church relics and shows them to strangers.
MYS-Te'RI-AL, a. Containing a mystery or enigma.
MYS'-TE-Rt-ARCH ,a. [Gr. iivcrvpLov and ap^os.] One
presidiiig over uiysteries. Johnson.
MYS-Tk'RI-OUS, a. 1. Obscure; hid from the understand-
ing; not clearly understood.— 2. In religion, obscure;
secret ; not revealed or explained ; hidden from human
understanding, or unintelligible ; beyond human compre-
hension.
MYS-Te'RI-OUS-LY, ddv. 1. Obscurely; enigmatically.
2. In a manner wonderfully obscure and unintelligi-
ble.
MYS-TeTvI-0U3-]VESS, 71. Obscurity; the quality of being
hid from the understanding, and calculated to excite
curiosity or wonder. 2. Artful perplexity.
MYS'TE-BY, n. [L. mysterium ; Gr. jjivarnpiov.] 1. A
profound secret; something wholly unknown.— 2. In
religion, any thing in the character or attributes of God,
or in the economy of divine providence, which is not re-
vealed to man. 3. That which is beyond human com
prehension until explained. 4. An enigma; any thing
artfully made difficult. 5. A kind of ancient dramatic
representation. 6. A trade ; a calling ; any mechanical
occupation which supposes skill or knowledge peculiar to
those who carry it on, and therefore a secret to
others.
MYS'Tie, ) a. [L. mysticus.] 1. Obscure ; hid ; secret.
MYS'TI-GAL, ', 2. Sacredly obscure or secret; remote
from human comprehension. 3. Involving some secret
meaning ; allegorical ; emblematical.
MYS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner or by an act implying
a secret meaning. Donne.
MYS'TI-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being mystical, or
of involving some secret meaning.
MYS'TI-CISM, n. 1. Obscurity of doctrine. 2. The doc-
trine of the Mystics, who profess a pure, sublime and
perfect devotion, wholly disinterested, and maintain
that they hold immediate intercourse with the Divine
Spirit.
MYS'TIGS, n. A religious sect who profess to have direct
intercourse with the Spirit of God.
MYTH'IG, I a. [from Gr. ixvOos.] Fabulo.'-. i^/mck-
MYTH'I-GAL, \ ford.
MY-THOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. [xvOos and ypadxo.] A writer
of fables.
MYTH'0-L06-ie, ) a. Relating to mythology ; fabu
MYTH-0-LOG'I-€AL, \ lous.
MYTH-O-LOG'I-GAL-LY, adv. In a way suited to the
system of fables.
MY-TH0L'0-6IST, n. One versed In mythology; one
who writes on mythology. JVorris.
MY-THOL'0-GiZE, v. i. To relate or explain the fabulous
history of the heathen.
MY-THOL'0-6Y, 7*. [Gr. fivcpos and Xoyos.] A system of
fables, or fabulous opinions and doctrines, respecting the
deities which heathen nations have supposed to preside
over the world or to influence the affairs of it.
MYT'I-LITE, 71. [Gr. fiVTiXos.] In geology, a petrified
muscle or shell of the genus mytilus.
See Synopds. MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as .1 ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete .
NAM
550
NAR
N
Nis the fourteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and
an articulation formed by placing the end of the tongue
against the root of the upper teeth. It is an imperfect mute
or semi-vowel, and a nasal letter ; the articulation being
accompanied with a sound through the nose. It has one
sound only, and after m is silent, or nearly so, as in hymn
and condemn,
N, among the ancients, was a numeral letter, signifymg
900, and, with a stroke over it, N, 9000.— Among the laio-
yers, N. L. stood for non liquet, the case is not clear, —
In commerce, No. is an abbreviation of the French nombre,
and stands for number. N. S. stands for 7iew style.
NAB, n The summit of a mountain or rock. [Local.']
Grrose.
NAB, V. t. [Sw. nappa ,• Dan. napper.] To catch suddenly ;
to seize by a sudden grasp or thrust. [.A low word.]
Na'BOB, n. ^. A deputy or prince in India, subordinate to
the Subahs : hence, 2. A man of great wesdth.
NA€K'EIl. ieeNAKEU.
NA€K'ER, n. A collar-maker ; a harness-maker. Lemon.
Na'€RE-0!JS, a. Having a pearly lustre. Phillips.
Na'€RITE, 7!. A rare mineral, called, also, talckite.
Na DIR, 7!. [Av.] That point of the heavens or lower hemis-
phere directly opposite to the zenith ; the point directly
under the place wiiere we stand.
NA'DLE-STErN, n. \G. nadel and stein.} Needle-stone;
rutile. Ure.
N^VE, n. [L. imviJis.'] A spot. Dryden.
NAFE,
n. A kind of tufted sea-fowl. Todd.
NAFF
NAG, n. 1. A small horse ; a horse in general, or rather a
sprightly horse. 2. A paramour ; in contempt. Shak.
NAGGY, a. Contentious; disposed to quarrel. JVorth of
England.
NaID, or Na'IAD, (;na'yad) n. [Gr. vaLa6ss.] In mythol-
ogy, a water-nympli ; a deity that presides over rivers
and springs.
NaIL, 7!. [Sax. ncsgcl ; Sw., G., D. Tiag-el,] 1. The claw
or talon of a fowl or other animal. 2. The horny sub-
stance growing at tlu; end of the human fingers and" toes.
3. A small pointed piece of metal, usually with a head,
to be driven into a board or other piece of timber, and
serving to fasten it to other timber. 4. A stud or boss ; a
short nail with a large broad head. 5. A meisure of
length, being two inches and a quarter, or the ICth of a
yard.— O/i the nail, in hand ; immediately ; without delay
or time of credit. — To hit the nail on the head, to hit or
touch the exact point.
NaIL, v. t. 1. To fasten with nails ; to unite, close or make
compact with nails. 2. To stud with nails. 3. To stop
the vent of a cannon ; to spike.
NaIIjED, pp. Fastened with nails ; studded.
NaIL'ER, 71. One whose occupation is to make nails.
NaIL'ER-Y, 71. A manufactory where nails are made.
NaIL'ING, ppr. Fastening with nails ; studding.
NaiVE'LY, adv. [Ft. naif, fromJu. nativus.] With native
or unaffected simplicity.
NAtVE'TE, ) (naev'ta) n. Native simplicity ; unaffected
NaIV'TY, ] plainness or ingenuousness. Gray.
Na'KED, a. [Sax. nacod ; G. nachet, nackt ; D. naakt.] 1.
Not covered ; bare ; having no clothes on. 2. Unarmed ;
defenseless ; open ; exposed ; having no means of defense.
3. Open to view ; not concealed ; manifest. Heb. iv. 4. Des-
titute of worldly goods. Job i. 5. Exposed to shame and
disgrace. Ex. xxxii. 6. Guilty and exposed to divine
wrath. Rev. iii. 7. Plain ; evident ; undisguised. 8.
Mere ; bare ; simple ; wanting the necessary additions.
9. Not inclosed in a pod or case. 10. Without leaves,
fulcres or arms. 11. Not assisted by glasses.
Na'KED-LY, adv. 1. Without covering. 2. Simply ; bare-
ly ; merely ; in the abstract. Holder. 3. Evidently.
NA'KED-NESS, n. 1. Want of covering or clothing ;
nudity ; bareness. 2. Want of means of defense. 3.
Plainness ; openness to view.
Na'KER, n. A violent flatulence passing from one limb to
another with pain. Parr.
NaKER, 71. [Sp. nacar ; Ft. nacre.] Mother of pearl.
NALL, 71. [Dan. naal.] An awl, such as collar-makers or
shoe-makers use. [J^ot used, or local.]
NAME, 71. [Sax. nama ; D. nuam ; G. iMme.] 1. That by
which a thing is called ; an appellation attached to a
thing by customary use. 2. The letters or characters
written or engraved, expressing the pounds by which a
person or thing is known and distinguished. 3. A person.
4. Reputation; character; that which is commonly said
of a person. 5. Renown; fsune; honor; celebrity; emi-
nence ; praise ; distinction. 6. Remembrance ; memory.
7. Appearance only ; sound only ; not reality. 8. Author-
ity; behalf; part. 9. Assumed character of another. — 10.
In Scripture, the name of God signifies his titles, his attri-
butes, his will or purpose, his honour and glory, his word,
his grace, his wisdom, power and goodness, his worship
or service, or God himself. 11. Issue ; posterity that pie-
serves tiie name. Dent. xxv. — 12. In grammar, a noun. —
To call names, to apply opprobrious names; to call by
reproachful appellations. Swift. — To take the name of God
in vain, to swear falsely or profanely. — To know by name,
to honor by a particular friendship. — Christian name, the
name a person receives by baptism, as distinguished from
surname.
NAME, /;. t. [Sax. naman, nemnan.] 1. To set or give to
any person or thing a sound or combination of sounds, by
which it may be known and distinguished ; to call ; to
give an appellation to. 2. To mention by name. 3. To
nominate ; to designate for any purpose by name. 4. To
entitle. — 7'o name the name of Christ, to make profession
of faith in him. 2. Tim. iv.
Named, pp. called ; denominated ; designated by name.
NaME'LESS, a. 1. Without a name ; not distinguished
by an appellation. Waller. 2. He or that whose name
is not known or mentioned.
NaME'LY, adv. To mention by name ; particularly.
NaM'ER, 71. One that names or calls by name.
NaME'SAIvE, 71. One that has the same name as another
Addison.
NaM'ING, ppr. Calling; nominating; mentioning.
NAN, a Welsh word signifying what, used as an interroga
five.
NAN-KEEN', v. [JN'ankin, a Chinese word.] A species ot.
cotton cloth of a firm texture, from China, now imitateo
by the manufacturers in Great Britain.
NAP, n. [Sax. hnappian.] A short sleep or slumber.
NAP, V. i. 1. To have a short sleep ; to be drowsy. 2. Tt
be in a careless, secure state. Wickliffe.
NAP, 71. [Sax. hnoppa ; It. nappa.] 1. The woolly or villous
substance on the surface of cloth. 2. The downy or soft
hairy substance on plants. 3. A knop ; see Knop.
NAPE, 71. [Sax. cncBp.] The prominent joint of the neck
behind, bacon.
■[Na'PER-Y, n. [Fr. nappe : It. nappa.] Linen for the table ;
table-cloths or linen cloth in general.
NAPH'EW, n. [L. napus.] A plant.
NAPH'THA, ?i. [L., Gr., Ch., Syr., Ar.] An inflammable
mineral substance of tlie bituminous kind.
NAPHTHA-LINE, n. A crystalizable substance.
NAP'KIN, 71. [Fr. 7iap'^.] 1. A cloth used for wiping the
hands; a towel. 2. A handkerchief ; [obs.]
NAP'LESS, a. Without nap ; threadbare. Shak.
NAP'PAL, n. Soap rock. Pinkerton.
NAP'PI-NESS, 7i. 1. The quality of being sleepy. 2. The
quality of having a nap ; abundance of nap ; as on cloth.
NAP'PY, a. Frothv ; spumy. Gay.
NAP'TA-KING, a'. Taking naps.
NAP'TA-KING, n. A taking by suiprise ; unexpected on-
set when one is unprepared. Carew.
fNAR, a. Old compar. of near. Spenser.
NAR-CIS'SUS, 7!. [L.] In botany, the daffodil.
NAR-Cc'SIS, n. [Gr. vap/cwtrtj.] Stupefaction ; privation
of sense.
NAR-€OT'I€, } a. [Gr. vapKwriKos.] Causing stupor,
NAR-€0T'I-CAL, ) stupefaction, or insensibility to pain ;
soporific ; inducing sleep.
NiVR-COT'IC, n. A medicine which stupefies the senses
and renders insensible to pain ; a medicine which induces
sleep ; a soporific ; an opiate.
NAR-€0T'I-€AL-LY, adv. By producing torpor or drowsi-
ness. Whitlock.
NAR-€OT'I€-NESS, 7!. The quality of inducing sleeper
removing pain.
NXR'€0-TINE, 7i. The pure narcotic principle of opium.
NARD, 7i. [L. nardus, nardum.] 1. An aromatic plant usu-
ally called spikenard, spica nardi, highly valued by the
ancients, both as an article of luxury and of medicine. 2.
An unguent prepared from the plant.
NAR'DINE, a. Pertaining to nard ; having the qualities of
spikenard. Asiat. Res.
t NARE, 77. [L. naris.] The nostril. Hudibras.
t NAR'RA-BLE, a. [L. narrabilis.] That may be related,
told or narrated.
NAR'HATE, V t. [L. narro ; It. narrare.] 1. To tell, re-
hearse or recite, as a story ; to relate the particulars of any
* See Synmsis. A, E, T, O, U, "?, Imig.- FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;-
t Obsolete,
NAT
551
NAT
event or transaction. 2. To write, as the particulars of a
story or history.
NAR'RA-TED, pp. Related; told.
^AWBA-TLNG, ppr. Relating; telling; reciting.
\AR-Ra'TION, n. [L. narratio.] 1. The act of telling or
relating the particulars of an event ; rehearsal ; recital.
2. Relation ; story ; history ; the relation in words or wri-
ting, of the particulars of any transaction or event, or of
any series of transactions or events. — 3. In oratory, that
part of a discourse which states the facts connected with
the subject.
NAR'RA-TlVE, a. [Fr. narratif.] 1. Relating the particu-
lars of an event or transacticjn ; giving a paiticular or con-
tinued account 2. Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to
tell particulars of events ; story-telling.
NAR'RA-TlVE, n. The recital of a story, or a continued
account of the particulars of an event or transaction;
story..
• NAR'R'A-TiVE-LY, adv. By way of narration or recital.
NAR-Ra'TOR, 71. One that narrates ; one that relates a se-
ries of events or transactions. Watts.
NAR RA-T_0-RY, a. Giving an account of events. liowdl.
NAR'RI-Fy, v. t. To relate ; to give account of.
NAR'RoW, a. [Sax. neara, nearo.'] i. Of little breadth ;
not wide or broad ; having little distance from side to
side. 2. Of little extent; very limited. 3. Covetous;
not libera] or bountiful. 4. Contracted; of confined views
or sentiments ; very limited. 5. Near ; within a small
distance. 6. Close ; near ; accurate ; scrutinizmg. 7.
Near ;_ barely sufficient to avoid evil.
NAR'RoW, ; 72. A strait; a narrow passage through a
NAR 'Rows, J mountain, or a narrow channel of water
between one sea or lake and another; a sound. Washing-
ton. Mitford.
NAR'RoW, V. t. 1. To lessen the breadth of ; to contract.
2. To contract in extent. 3. To drav/ into a smaller com-
pass ; to contract; to limit ; to confine. — 4. In knitting., to
contract the size of a stocking by taking two stitches into
one.
NAR'RoW, V. i. To become less broad; to contract in
breadth. — 2. In horsemanship, a horse is said to narroio,
when he does not take ground enough, or bear out enough
to the one hand or the other. 3. To contract the size of
a stocking by taking two stitches into one.
NAR'RoWED, pp. Contracted ; made less wide.
NAR'RoW-ER, n. The person or thing which narrows or
contracts.
NAR'RoW-ING, ppr. Contracting ; making less broad.
NAR'RoW-INGS, n. The part of a stocking which is nar-
rowed.
NAR'RoW-LY, adv. With little breadth. 2. Contractediy ;
without mucli extent. 3. Closely; accurately; with mi-
nute scrutiny. 4. Nearly ; withiii a little ; by a small dis-
tance^ 5. Sparingly. <
?f AR'RoW-NESS, n. Smallness of breadth or distance ftora
side to side. 2. Smallness of extent ; contractedness. 3.
smallness of estate or means of living ; poverty. 4. Con-
tractedness ; penuriousness ; covetoilsness. 5. lUiberali-
ty ; want of generous, enlarged or charitable views or sen-
timents.
i^AR'WAL, or NAR'WHAL, n. [G. narwall.'] The mon-
odon monoceros, a cetaceous animal found in the northern
seas.
I NAS, for ne has, has not. Spenser.
Na sal, a. [L. nasus ; It. nasale.] Pertaining to the nose ;
formed or affected by the nose.
Va'SAL, n. 1. A letter whose sound is affected by the nose.
2. A medicine that operates through the nose; an er-
rhine.
NAS'CAL, 71. A kind of medicated pessarv. Ferrand.
VAS'CEN-CY, n. [L. nasoens.'] Production. Jlnnot. on
Glanvillc.
\AS'CENT, a. [L. nascens."] Beginning to exist or to grow ;
coming into being. Black.
NaSE'BER-RY, n." A tree of the genus sloanea.
NAS'I-€OR-NOUS, a. [L.7iastis and cornu.] Having a horn
growing on the nose. Brown.
NAS'TI-LY, adv. In a nasty manner ; filthily; dirtily. 2.
Obscenely.
NAS'TI-NESS, 7!. Extreme filthiness ; dirtiness; filth. 2.
Obscenity ; ribaldry. South.
NAS-TUR'TION, n. [L. nasturtium.1 A plant.
NAS'TY, a. 1. Disgustingly filthy ; very dirty, foul or de-
filed ; nauseous. Mterhury. 2. Obscene.
Na'SUS, n. A fresh water fish of Germany.
Na'SUTE, a. [L. nasutiis.'] Critical ; nice ; captious. Bp
Gauden.
Na'TAL, a. [L. natalis.] Pertaining to birth.
NA-Tx\-Ll''TIAL, or NA-TA-LI"TIOUS, a. [L. natali-
tius.] Pertaining to one's birth or birth-day, or conse-
crated to one's nativity.
tNA'TALS, 71. plu. Time and place of nativity.
Na'TANT, a. [L. nutans.] In botany, swimming ; floating
on the surface of water.
NA-Ta'TION, n. [L. natatio.] A swimming ; the act of
floating on the water. [Little used.] Brown.
Na'TA-TO-RY, a. Enabling to swim. Brit. Crit.
NATCil, 72. [for notch.] The part of an ox between the
loins, near the rump. Marshal.
f NATH'LESS, acZij. [Sax. jiatheles.] Nevertheless; not the
less ; notwithstanding. Milton.
fNATH'MORE, adv. [na, the and more.] Not the more;
never the more. Spenser.
Na'TION, 72. [L. natio.] 1. A body of people inhabiting
the same countiy, or united under the same sovereign or
government. 2. A great, nnmber, by way of emphasis.
*Na'TION-AL, c. 1. Pertaining to a nation. 2. Public;
general ; common to a nation. 3. Attached or unduly at-
tached to one's own country.
* NA-TION-AL'I-TY, n. National character ; also, the qual-
ity of being national, or strongly attached to one's own
nation. Boswcll.
* Na'TION-AL-iZE, v. t. To make national ; to give to
one the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar
attachments which belong to citizens of the same nation.
* Na'TION-AL-LY, adv. In regard to the nation; as a
whole nation. South.
* Na'TION-AL-NESS, 72. Reference to the people in gen-
eral.
Na'TiVE, a. [Ij.nativus.] 1. Produced by nature ; origi-
nal ; born with the being ; natural : not acquired. 2. Pro-
duced by nature ; not factitious or artificial. 3. Conferred
by buth. 4. Pertaining to the place of birth. 5. Origi-
nal ; that of which any thing is made. 6. Bom with ;
congenial.
Na'TIVE, 71. 1. One born in anyplace. 2. Offspring; [obs.]
Na'TiVE-LY, adv. By birth ; "naturally ; originally.
Na'TiVE-NESS, 72. State of being produced by natm-e.
NA-TIV'I-TY, 71. 1. Birth ; the coming into life or the
world. 2. Time, place and manner of birth. 3. State or
place of being produced.
NAT'KA, 72. A bird, a species of shrike. Pennant.
Na'TRO-LITE, 7). A variety of mesotype or zeolite.
Na'TRON, 72. Native carbonate of soda, or mineral alkali.
NAT'U-RAL, ffi. [FT.7iaturel ! li. naiiiralis.] 1. Pertaining
to nature ; produced or effected by nature. 2. According
to the stated course of things. 3. Not forced ; not far-
fetched ; such as is dictated by nature. 4. According to
the life. 5. Consonant to nature. 6. Derived from nature,
as opposed to habitual. 7. Discoverable by reason ; not
revealed. 8. Produced or coming in the ordinary coui'se
of things, or the progress of animals and vegetables. 9.
Tender ; affectionate by nature. 10, Unaffected ; unas-
sumed ; according to truth and reality. 11. Illegitimate ,
born out of wedlock. 12. Native ; vernacular. 13. De-
rived from the study of the works of nature. 14. A natu-
ral note, in rmisic, 'is that which is according to the usual
order of the scale. — Matural history is a description of tht
earth and its productions, including zoology, botany, geol
ogy, mineralogy, meteorology, &c. — J^''atural philosophy
the science of material natural bodies, of their properties
powers and motions. It comprehends mechanics, hydro
statics, optics, astronomy, chemistry, magnetism, electri-
city, galvanism, &c.
* NAT'U-RAL, n. 1. An idiot ; one born without the usual
powers of reason or understanding. 2. A native ; an
original inhabitant; [obs.] 3. Gift of nature; natural
quality; [obs.]
NAT'U-RAL-IS=JM, 72. Mere state of nature. Lavington.
NAT'U-RAL-IST, «. One that studies or that is versed in
natural historv and philosophy or physics.
fNAT-U-RAL'i-TY, ?;. Naturalness. Smith.
NAT-U-RAL-I-Za'TION, 72. The act of investing an alien
with the rights and privileges of a native subject or citi-
zen.
NAT'U-RAL-IZE, v. t. 1. To confer on an alien the rights
and privileges of a native subject or citizen. 2. To make
natural ; to render easy and familiar by custom and habit.
3. To adapt ; to make suitable ; to acclimate. 4. To re-
ceive or adopt as native, natural or vernacular ; to make
our own. 5. To accustom ; to habituate.
NAT'U-RAL-lZED, pp. Invested with the privileges of
natives; rendered easy and familiar; adapted to a cli-
mate ; acclimated ; received as native.
NAT'U-RAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Vesting with the rights of na-
tive subjects ; making easy ; acclimating; adopting.
NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. 1. According to nature ; by the force
or impulse of nature ; not by art or habit. 2. According
to nature ; without affectation ; with just representation ;
according to life. 3. According to the usual course of
things. 4. Spontaneously ; without art or cultivation.
NAT'U-RAI^NESS, 72. The state of being given or produc-
ed by nature. 2. Conformity to natm-e, or to tmth and
reality ; not affectation.
NAT'U-RALS, 72. plu. Among physicians, whatever be-
longs naturally to an animal ; opposed to non-naturals.
* Na'TURE, 72. [Fr. ; L., Sp., It. Tiatwra.] 1. In a generql
sense, whatever is made or produced ; a word that com-
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J : S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in tAis. t Obsolete
NAV
552
NEB
prebends all the works of God; the universe. 2. By a
metonymy of the effect for the cause, nature is used for
the agent, creator, author, producer of things, or for the
powers that produce them. 3. The essence, essential qual-
ities or attributes of a thing, which constitute it what it is.
4. The established or regular course of things. 5. A law
or principle of action or motion in a natural body. 6.
Constitution ; aggregate powers of a body, especially a
living one. 7. The constitution and appearances of
things. 8. Natural affection or reverence. 9. System of
created things. 10. Sort ; species ; kind ; particular char-
acter. 11. Sentiments or images conformed to nature, or
totruth and reality. 12. Birth.
\ Na'TURE, v. t. To endow with natural qualities.
* Na'TUR-IST, n. One who ascribes every thing to nature.
Boyle.
t NA-Tu'RI-TY, n. The quality or state of being produced
by nature. Brown.
fNAUTRAfiE, m. [Tu. navfragium.] Shipwreck.
NAU FRA-GOUS, a. Causing shipwreck. [L. u.] Taylor.
NAUGHT, (nawt) n. [Sax. naht, nauht.] Nothing.— 2"o
set at naughty to slight,' disregard or despise.
NAUGHT, (nawt) adv. In no degree. Fairfax.
NAUGHT, (nawt) a. Bad ; worthless; of no value or account.
NAUGHT'I-LY, (nawt'e-ly) adv. Wickedly; corruptly.
NAUGHT'I-NESS, (nawt'e-nes) n. 1. Badness; wicked-
ness ; evil principle or purpose. 2. Slight wickedness of
children ; perverseness ; mischievousness. Dryden.
NAUGHT'Y, (nawt'y) a. 1. Wicked; corrupt. 2. Bad; worth-
less. 3. Mischievous ; perverse ; froward. It is now sel-
dom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children.
NAUL'AGE, w. \li. naulwn.l The freight of passengers in
a ship. [Little used.']
NAU'MA-€HY, n. [L. naumachia.] 1. Among the ancient
Romans, a show or spectacle representing a sea-fight. 2.
The place where these shows were exhibited.
NAUS'CO-PY, 71. [Gr. vav sand aKoneo).] The art of dis-
covering the approach of ships or the neighborhood of
lands at a considerable distance. Maty.
NAU'SE-A, (naw'she-a) n. [L.] Oria-inally and properly,
sea-sickness ; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach,
accompanied with a propensity to vomit ; qualm ; loath-
ing ; squeamishness of the stomach.
NAU'SEATE, (naw'shate) v. i. [L. nausea.'] To become
squeamish ; to feel disgust ; to be inclined to reject from
the stomach.
NAU'SEATE, v. t. I. To loathe; to reject with disgust.
2. To affect with disgust.
NAU-SE-a'TION, (naw-she-a'shun) n. The act of nauseat-
ing. Bp. Hall.
NAU'SEOUS, (naw'shus) a. Loathsome ; disgustful ; dis-
gusting ; regarded with abhorrence.
NAU'SEOUS- LY, adv. Loathsomely ; disgustfuUy.
NAU'SEOUS-NESSj n. Loathsomeness; quality of exciting
disgust. Dryden.
NAU'Tie, \ a. [L. nauticus.] Pertaining to seamen or
NAU'TI-CAL, \ navigation.
NAU'TI-LITE, n. [L. nautilus.] A fossil nautilus.
NAU'TI-LUS, n. [L.J A genus of marine animals. The
nautilus, when it sails, extends two of its arms, and be-
tween these supports a membrane that serves as a sail.
Na'VAL, a. \Ij,. navalis .] 1. Consisting of ships. 2. Per-
taining to ships.
t Na'VALS, n. Naval affairs. Clarendon.
Na'VARCH, n. [Gr. vava^'xps.] In ancient Ch-eece, the
commander of a fleet. Mitford.
NAV'AR-€HY, n. [from L. navarchus.] Knowledge of
managing ships. Petty.
NAVE, w. [Sa.x.nafa,nafu.] 1. The thick piece of timber
in the centre of a wheel, in which the spokes are insert-
ed. 2. The middle or body of a church extending from
the baluster or rail of the door to the chief choir.
Na'VEL, (na'vl) n. [Sax. nafela ; D. navel.] The centre of
the lower part of the abdomen, or the point where the um^
bilical cord passes out of the fetus.
Na VEL-GALL, n. A bruise on the top of the chine of the
back of a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson.
Na'VEL-STRING, n. The umbilical cord.
Na'VEL-WoRT, 7i. A plant of the genus cotyledon.
NAV'EW, 7?,. [L.napus; Sax. ncepe.] A plant.
NA-VIC'U-LAR, a. [L. navicula.] 1. Relating to small
ships or boats. 2. Shaped like a boat ; cymbiform.
NAVI-GA-BLE, a. [L. navigabilis.] That may be navigat-
ed or passed in ships or vessels.
NAV'I-GA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being
navigable.
NAV'I-GATE, V. i. [L. navigo.] To pass on water in
ships; to sail. Arhuthnot.
NAV'I-GATE, V. t. To pass over in ships ; to sail on. 2.
To steer, direct or manage in sailing.
NAV'I-GA-TED, pp. Steered or managed in passing on the
water ; passed over in sailing.
NAV'I-GA-TING, ppr. Passing on or over in sailing ; steer-
ing and managing in sailing.
NAV-I-Ga'TION, n. [L, navigatio.] 1. The act of navJ-
gating ; the act of passing on water in ships or other ves-
sels. 2. The art of conducting ships or vessels from one
place to another. 3. Ships in general.
NAV'I-GA-TOR, n. One that navigates or sails ; chiefly,
one who directs the course of a ship, or one who is skill-
ful in the art of navigation.
Na'VY, n. [L. navis.] 1. A fleet of ships ; an assemblage
of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company. 2. The
whole of the ships of war belonging to a nation or king.
t NAWL, n. An awl. ^
NaY, ado. [a contracted word; L. nego ; Sw. ney, or ncj,
from neka, to deny.] 1. No; a word that expresses ne-
gation. 2. It expresses also refusal. 3. Not only so;
not this alone ; intimating that something is to be added
by way of amplification.
NaY, n. Denial; refusal.
t NaY, v. t. To refuse.
JNaY'WARD, n. Tendency to denial. Shak.
t NaY'WoRD, n. A by-word ; a proverbial reproach ; a
watch-\vord.
NAZ-A-ReNE', n. An inhabitant of Nazareth; one of the
early converts to Christianity ; in contempt.
NAZ'A-RITE, n. A Jew who professed extraordinary puri-
ty of life and devotion. Encyc.
NAZ'A-RIT-ISM, n. The doctrines or practice of the Naz-
arites. Burdcr.
t NE, [Sax.] not, is obsolete. We find it in early English
writers, prefvxed to other words ; as, nill, for ne will, will
not ; nas, for ne has, has not. Spenser.
fNEAF, 71. [Ice. Tie^ ,• Scot. 7ite7;e.] The fist. Shak.
NeAL, v. t. [Sax. anmlan.] To temper and reduce to a
due consistence by heat. [Rarely used.] See Anneal.
NeAL, v. i. To be tempered by heat. [Little used.] Set
Anneal.
NeAP, 71. The tongue or pole of a cart, sled or wagon. N.
England.
NeAP, a. [Sax. hnipan.] The Tieap tides are those which
happen in the middle of the second and fourth quarters of
tire moon. They are low tides, and opposed to spring tides.
NeAP, 71. Low water. [Little used.]
Neaped, or BE-NeAFEO, (be-neepf) a. Left aground
A ship is said to be neaped, when left aground.
NE-A-POL'I-TAN, a. Belonging to Naples, in Italy.
NE-A-POL'I-TAN, n. An inhabitant or native of the king-
dom of Naples.
NeAP'-TIDE, 71. Low tide. See Neap.
Near, a. [Sax. ner, or neara.] 1. Nigh ; not far distant
in place, time or degree. 2. Closely related by blood ; as,
she is thy father's near kinswoman. Lev. xviii. 3. Not
distant in affection, support or assistance ; present ; ready j
willing to aid. 4. Intimate ; united in close ties of affec-
tion or confidence. 5. Dear; affecting one's interest or
feelings. 6. Close ; parsimonious. 7. Close ; not loose,
free or rambling. 8. Next to one ; opposed to off.
NkAR, adv. Almost ; within a litt.e. Addison.
Near, v.t. To approach; to come nearer; as, the ship
neared the land ; a seaman''s phrase.
Near, v. i. To draw near ; a naval expression.
NeAR'EST, a. [superl . of near .] Shortest; most direct.
NeAR'HAND, adv. Closely. Bacon.
NeAR'LY, adv. 1. At no great distance ; not remotely,
2. Closely. 3. Intimately ; pressingly ; with a close re-
lation to one's interest or happiness. 4. Almost; within
a little. 5. In a parsimonious or niggardly manner.
NeAR'NESS, n. 1. Closeness ; small distance. 2. Close
alliance by blood ; propinquity. 3. Close union by af-
fection ; intimacy of friendship. 4. Parsimony ; close-
ness in expenses,
NeAR-SiGHT'ED, a. Short-sighted ; applied to one who
distinguishes objects only ichich arc near.
NeAT, 71. [Sax. 7ieat, neten,nite7}, nyten.] 1. Cattle of the
bovine genus, as bulls, oxen and cows. 2. A single cow.
NeAT, a. [It. netto ; Sp. neto ; Fr. net.] 1. Very clean ;
free from foul or extraneous matter. 2. Pure ; free from
iqipure words and phrases. 3. Cleanly ; preserving neat-
ness. 4. Pure ; unadulterated ; [ohs.] 5. Free from
tawdry appendages and well adjusted. 6. Clear of the
cask, case, bag, box, &;c. ; as, neat weight. It is usually
written 7iet, or nett.
NeAT'HERD, n. [Sax. neathyrd.] A person who has the
care of cattle ; a cow-keeper. Dryden.
NeAT'LY, adv. 1. With neatness ; in a neat manner ; in
a cleanly manner. 2. With good taste ; without tawdry
ornaments. 3. Nicely ; handsomely.
NeAT'NESS, 71. 1. Exact cleanliness ; entire freedom from
foul matter. 2. Purity ; freedom from ill-chosen words.
3. Freedom from useless or tawdry ornaments ; with good
adjustment of the several parts.
NeAT'RESS, 71. A female who takes care of cattle.
NEB, 71. [Sax. neb, or nebbe.] The nose ; the beak of a fowl ;
the bill ; the mouth.
NEB'U-LA, ) 71. [L. nebula.] 1. A dark spot, a film in the
NEB'ULE, \ eye, or a slight opacity of the cornea.— 2.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, "9:, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT •,— PKfiY -PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
NEC
553
NEG
In astronomy, a cluster of fixed stars, not distinguishable
from each other, or scarcely visible to the naked eye.
JNTEB-U-LOS'I-TY, n. The state of being cloudy or hazy.
JVEB'U-LOUS, a. [L. nebulosas.] 1. Cloudy ; hazy. 2.
Resembling a small cloud or collection of vapors.
NE-CES-Sa'RI-AN, 71. An advocate for the doctrine of phi-
losophical necessity ; more properly necessitarian.
NEC'ES-SA-RIES, n. plu. Things necessary.
NEC'ES-SA-RI-LY, adv. 1. By necessity ; in such a man-
ner that it cannot be otherwise. 2. Indispensably. 3.
By unavoidable consequence.
NEC'ES-SA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being necessary.
NTEC'ES-SA-RY. a. [L. necessarius.] 1. That must be ;
that cannot be otherwise ; indispensably requisite. 2. In-
dispensable ; requisite ; essential ; that cannot be other-
wise without preventing the purpose intended. 3. Un-
avoidable. 4. Acting from necessity or compulsion ; op-
posed to free.
NEC'ES-SA-RY, n. A privy.
NE-CES-SI-Ta'RI-AN, or NEC-ES-Sa'RI-AN, n. One who
maintains the doctrine of philosophical necessity.
N£-CES'SI-TATE, v. t. [L. necessitas.] To make neces-
sary or indispensable ; to render unavoidable ; to compel.
VE-CES'SI-TA-TED, pp. Made necessary, indispensable
or unavoidable.
VE-CES'SI-TA-TING,2'i'»-. Making necessary or indispens-
able.
NE-CES-SI-Ta'TION, n. The act of making necessary ;
compulsion. [Little used.] Bramhall. i.
] NE-CES'Sl-TIED, a. In a state of want. Skak.
NE-CES'SI-TOUS, a. 1. Very needy or indigent; pressed
with poverty. 2. Narrow ; destitute ; pinching.
NE-CES'SI-TOUS-NESS, n. Extreme poverty or destitu-
tion of the means of living ; pressing want.
t NE-CES'SI-TL' DE, n. Necessitousness ; want.
NE-CES'SI-TY, 71. [L. necessitas.] 1. That which must be
and cannot be otherwise ; or the cause of that which can-
not be otherwise. 2. Irresistible power; compulsive
force, phj'sical or moral. 3. Indispensableness ; the state
of being requisite. 4. Extreme indigence ; pinching pov-
erty ; pressing need. 5. Unavoidableness ; inevitableness.
— 6. In the plural, things requisite for a purpose.
NECK, n. [Sax. /mece, hnecca, necca; D. nek; Sw.7iac/ce.]
1. The part of an animal's body which is between the
head and the trunk, and connects them. 2. A long, nar-
row tract of land projecting from the main body, or a
narrow tract connecting two larger tracts. 3. The long,
slender part of a vessel, as a retort ; or of a plant, as a
gourd. — 9. stiff neck, in Scrivture, denotes obstinacy in sin.
— On the neck, immediately after ; following closely. — To
break the neck of an affair, to hinder, or to do the principal
thing to prevent. — To harden the neck, to grow obstinate.
NECK'BEEF, n. The coarse flesh of the neck of cattle,
sold at a low price. Swift.
NECK'CLOTH,7(. A piece of cloth worn on the neck.
NECKED, a. Having a neck ; as in stiffheckcd.
NECK'ER-CHiEF, or NECK'A-TEE, n. A gorget ; a ker-
chief for a woman's neck. [Little used.]
NECK'LACE, n. A string of beads or precious stones, worn
by women on the neck. Arhuthnot.
NECK'LaCED, a. Marked as with a necklace.
NECK'LAND, n. A neck or lonj tract of land.
NECK'VERSE, 71. The verse formerly read to entitle a
party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of
the fifty-first Psalm, " Miserere mei," &cc. Tindall.
NECK' WEED, n. Hemp, in ridicule.
NEC-RO-LOG'X-CAL, a. Pertaining to or giving an account
of the dead or of deaths.
NEC-ROL'0-GIST, n. One who gives an account of deaths.
NEe-ROL'0-6Y, 71. [Gi: vsKpo; and \oyog.] An account of
the dead or of deaths ; a register of deaths.
NEC'RO-MAN-CER, n. One who pretends to foretell fu-
ture events by holding converse with departed spirits ; a
conjurer.
NE€'RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. vsKpos and navraa.] 1. The art
of revealing future events by means of a pretended com-
munication with the dead. 2. Enchantment ; conjuration.
NE€-RO-MAN'TIC, a. Pertaining to necromancy ; per-
formed by necromancy.
NEC-RO-MAN'TIC, n. Trick ; conjuration. Youuff.
NE€-RO-MAN'TI-€AL-LY, adv. By necromancy or the
black art ; by conjuration. Gregory.
NEC'RO-NlTE, n. [Gr. vekoos.] Fetid feldspar.
NE-€Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. v£Kp(o(7is.] A disease of the bones.
NECTAR, n. [L.] 1. In fabulous historij and poetry, the
drink of the gods. 2. Any very sweet and pleasant drink.
NEC-Ta'RE-AN, NEC-Ta'RK-AL, or NE€-Ta'RE-OUS,
a. Resembling nectar ; very sweet and pleasant. Pope.
NEC'TARED, a. Imbued with nectar ; mingled with nec-
tar ; abounding with nectar.
NEC-Ta'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the nectary of a plant.
NEC-TA-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [nectar, and lu.fero.] Producing
nectar or nomus. Lee.
NE€'TA-RfNE, a. Sweet as nectar. Milton
NEC'TA-RiNE, n. A fruit, a variety of the peach with a
smooth rind.
NEC'TA-RlZE, v. t. To sweeten. Cockerarr,
NEC'TA-ROUS, a. Sweet as nectar. Milton.
NEC'TA-RY, 71. In botany, the melliferous part of a vegeta
ble, peculiar to the flower.
t NED'DER, n. [W. nadyr j Sax. nedder.] An adder.
NEED, n. [Sax. nead, neod, nyd ; D. nood.] 1. Want ; oc-
casion for something ; necessity ; a state that requires
supply or relief; pressing exigency. 2. Want of the
means of subsistence ; poverty; indigence.
NEED, V. t. [Sax. geneadan, genedan.] To want ; to lack ■,
to require, as supply or relief.
I NEED, V. i. To be wanted ; to be necessary.
NEED'ED, pp. Wanted.
NEEiyER, n. One that wants.
NEED'FUL, a. Necessary, as supply or relief; requisite.
NEED'FUL-LY, adw. Necessarily. B. Jonson.
NEED'I-iJY, adv. In want or poverty.
NEED'I-NESS, n. Want ; poverty ; indigence.
NEED'ING, ppr. Wanting ; requiring, as supply or relief.
NEE'DLE, 71. [S,ax.nedl,n(Bdl;G.nadel.] 1. A small in-
strument of steel, pointed at one end, with an eye at the
other to receive a thread ; used in sewing. 2. A small
pointed piece of steel used in the mariner's compass,
which by its magnetic quality is attracted and directed to
the pole. 3. Any crystalized substance in the form of a
needle.— Dipping needle, a magnetic needle that dips or
inclines downwards.
NEE'DLE, V. t. To form crystals in the shape of a needle.
NEE'DLE, V. i. To shoot in crystalization into the form of
needles. Fourcroy.
NEE'DLE-FISH, n. A fish of the genus syngnathus. Also,
the sea-urchin.
NEE'DLE-FTJL, n. As much thread as is put at once in a
needle.
NEE'DLE-Ma-KER, ) n. One who manufactures nee-
NEE'DLER, \ dies.
NEE'DLE-ORE, n Acicular bismuth glance.
NEE'DLE-SHELL, n. The sea-urchin.
NEE'DLE-STONE, n. A mineral.
NEE'DLE-WoRK, n. Work executed with a needle , or
the business of a seamstress.
NEE'DLE-Zk'0-LlTE, n. A species of zeolite.
NEED'LESS, a. 1. Not wanted ; unnecessary ; not requi-
site. 2. Not wanting ; [obs.] Shak.
NEED'LESS-LY, adv. Without necessity.
NEEE'LESS-NESS, n. Unnecessariness. Locke.
t NEED'MENT, n. Something needed or wanted.
NEEDS, adv. [Sax. nedes.] Necessarily ; indispensably ;
generally used with must.
NEED'Y, a. Necessitous; indigent; very poor; distressed
by want of the means of living. Addison.
*NE'ER. (nare) A contraction of 7ie7?er.
t NEESE, (neez) v. i. [G. neesen.] To sneese.
NEESE'WORT, 71. A plant. Sherwood.
fNEES'ING, 71. A sneezing.
jNEF, 71. The nave of a church. See Nave.
NE-FAND'OUS, a. [l^.nefandus.] Not to be named ; abom-
inable. Sheldon.
NE-Fa'RI-OUS, a. [Ij.nefarius.] Wickei in the extreme;
abominable ; atrociously sinful or villanous ; detestably
v)le._
NE-Fa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With extreme wickedness ; abom
inab2y. Milton.
NE-Ga'TION, 71. [L. negatio.] 1. Denial; a declaration
that something is not. — 2. In logic, description by denial,
exclusion or exception. 3. Argument drawn from denial.
NEG'A-TiVE, a. [Fr.negatif; L.. negativus.] 1. Implying
denial or negation ; opposed to affirmative. 2. Implying
absence ; opposed to positive. 3. Having the power of
stojiping or restraining.
NEG'A-TiVE, 71. I. A proposition by which something is
denied. 2. A word that denies ; as not, no. — 3. In legis-
lation, the right or power of preventing the enaction of a
law or decree.
NEG'A-TiVE, v. t. 1. To disprove ; to prove the contrary
2. To reject by vote ; to refuse to enact or sanction. 3
To resist a choice or what is proposed.
NEG'A-TiVE-LY, adv. I. With or by denial. 2. In the
form of speech implying the absence of something. 3.
Negatively charged or electrified.
NEG'A-TO-RY, a. That denies; belonging to negation.
[Little used.]
Nk'GER, 7!. [L.niger.] A black person ; one of the African
race. See Negro.
NEG-LECT', «. i. [l^. neglectus.] 1 . To omit by careless-
ness or design ; to forbear to do, use, employ, promote or
attend to. 2. To omit to receive or embrace ; to slight.
3. To slight ; not to notice ; to forbear to treat with atten-
tion or respect. 4. To postpone ; [obs.]
NEG-LECT', 71. 1. Omission ; forbearance to do any thing
that can be done or that requires to be done. 2. Slight }
See ^nopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CIT as SH ; TH as in this.
t Obsolete
NEl
554
NES
omission of attention or civilities. 3. Negligence ; habit-
ual want of regard. 4. State of being disregarded.
NEG-LE€T'ED, pp. Omitted to be done ; slighted ; disre-
garded.
NEG-LECT'ER, n. One that neglects.
NEG-LE€T'FIJL, a. 1. Heedless ; careless ; inattentive.
9. Accustomed or apt to omit what may or ought to be
done. 3. Treating with neglect or slight. 4. Indicating
neglect, slight or indifference.
NEG-LEOT'FUL-LY, adv. With neglect ; with heedless
inattention ; with careless indifference.
KEG-LEOT'TNG, ppr. Omitting ; passing by ; forbearing to
do ; slighting ; treating with indifference.
NEG-LECT'ING-LY, adv. Carelessly ; heedlessly. SJiak.
* NEG-LEO'TION, 7t. The state of being negligent.
NEG-LECT'IVEj a. Inattentive; regardless .of. [L. u.]
NEG-LI-GEE', ?i. A kind of gown formerly worn.
NEG'LI-GENCE, n. [L. negligentia.] 1 . Neglect ; omission
to do. 2. Habitual omission of that which ought to be
done, or a habit of omittuig to do things.
NEG'LI-GENT, a. 1. Careless; heedless; apt or accus-
tomed to omit what ought to be done. 2. Regardless.
NEG'Ll-GENT-LY, adv. 1. Carelessly ; heedlessly ; with-
out exactness. 2. With slight, disregard or inattention.
NE-GO-TIA BIL I-TY, n. The quality of being negotiable
or transferable by indorsement. Sewall.
NS-Go'TIA-BLE, a. That may be transferred by assignment
(i£- indorsement ; that may be passed from the owner to
another person so as to vest the property in the assignee.
f NE-Go'TlANT, n. One who negotiates ; a negotiator.
NE-GO'TIATE, v. i. [L. negotior ; Fr. negocier.] 1. To
transact business ; to treat with another respecting pur-
chase and sale ; to hold intercourse in bargaining or trade.
2. To hold intercourse with another respecting a treaty,
league or convention ; to treat with respecting peace or
commerce.
NE-Go'TIATE, (ne-go'shate) ?j. t. ]. To procure by mutual
intercourse and agreement with another. 2. To procure,
make or establish by mutual intercourse and agreement
with others. 3. To sell ; to pass ; to transfer for a valua-
ble consideration.
NE-Go'TIA-TED, pp. Procured or obtained by agreement
with another ; sold or transferred for a valuable consider-
ation.
NE-Go'TIA-TIN J, ppr. Treating with ; transacting busi-
NE-g6-TI-a'TI0N, n. 1. The act of negotiating ; the trans-
acting of business in traffick ; the treating with another
respecting sale or purchase. 2. The transaction of busi-
ness between nations.
*NE-Go'TIA-TOR, n. One that negotiates ; one that treats
with others. Swif'^..
Ne'GRESS, n. A female of the black race of Africa.
Ne'GRO, w. [It. , Sp. negro i 'L.nigcr.'] One of the black
race of men in Africa ; or one descended from this race.
Ne'GUS, n. A liquor made of v/ine, water, sugar, nutmeg
and lemon juice; so called, from its first maker. Col.
J^egus.
tNEIP, 71. [Icel. ne^.] 1. The neaf or fist. 2. A slave.
NEIGH, (na; v. i. [Sax. hnrngan.] To utter the voice of a
horse, expressive of want or desire ; to whinny.
NEIGH, (na) n. The voice of a horse ; a whinnying.
NEIGH'BOR, ) /„-,u„rN S n. [Sax. 7iehbur, ne/igebur ; G.
NEH'BOOR, \ ^"* ''"^^ I nachbar ; D. nabuur ; Sw. na-
bo ; Dan. naboe.] ]. One who lives near another. 2. One
who lives in familiarity with another ; a word of civility.
3. An intimate ; a confident ; [obs.] 4. A fellow being.
Jlcts vii. 5. One of the human race ; any one that needs
our help. Luke x. 6. A country that is near.
NEIGH'BOR, V. t. 1. To adjoin ; to confine On or be near
to. 2. To acquaint with ; to make near to or make fa-
miliar; [obs.] Shah.
NEIGH'BOR, V i To inhabit the vicinity. Davies.
NEIGH'BOR, a. Near to another ; adjoining ; next. Jcr. i.
NE[GH'BOR-HOOD,7i. L A place near; vicinity; the ad
joining district, or any place not distant. 2. State of being
near each other. 3. The inhabitants who live in the vi-
cinitv of each other.
.N'EIGH'BOR-ING, fl. Living or being near. Paley.
^ ETGH'30R-LI-NESS, n. State or quality of being neigh-
borly.
ME(GH'BOR-LY, a. 1. Becoming a neighbor ; kind; civil.
9. Cultivating familiar intercourse ;" interchanging fre-
quent visits ; social.
NEIGH'BOR-LY, adv. With social civility.
' NEIGH BOR-SHIP, n. State of being neighbors.
NEiGH'ING, n. The voice of a horse or mare. Jcr. viii.
NeI'THER, 71. compound pronoun, pronominal adjective, or a
substitute. [Sax. nather, nathor, nauther, or noiithcr.] J.
Not either ; not the one nor the other. 2. It refers to in-
dividual things or persons ; as, which road shall I take ?
J\reither. 3, It re'-^rs to a sentence ; as, " ye shall not eat
of it, neither shall ye touch it." 4. JVeither primarily re-
fers to tioo ; not either of two. But by usage it is applica-
ble to any number, referring to individuals separately
considered.
NEM. con. for nemine contradicente. [L.] No one contra-
dicting or opposing, that is, unanimously ; without oppo-
sition.
NEM'O-LiTE, n. [Gr. vejxog and Xtflos.] An arborized stone.
NEM'O-RAL, a. [L. nemoralis.] Pertaining to a wood or
grove. Diet.
NEM'O-ROUS, a. [L. nemorosus,] Woody. Evelyn.
t NEMP'NE, V. t. [Sax. nemnan.] To call. Chaucer.
t Ne'NI-A, n. [Gr.J A funeral song ; an elegy.
NEN U-PHAR, ru The water-lily or water-rose.
NE-OD A-MODE, n. [Gr. veoSaii(>}6T]s.] In ancient Greece,
a person newly admitted to citizenship. Mitford.
NE-0-L06'I€, I a. Pertaining to neology ; employing
NE-0-LOG'I-CAL, \ new words.
NE-OL'O-GISM, 71. 1. The introduction of new words or
new doctrines. 2. New terms or doctrines.
NE-OL'0-6lST, n. One who introduces new words or new
doctrines, or one who supports or adheres to them. Med.
Repos.
NE-OL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. vto£ and \oyoi.'\ The introduction of
a new word, or of new words, or of new doctrines ; or a
new system of words or doctrines.
NE-0-No'MI-AN, n. [Gr. vtoi and vo/zof.] One who advo-
cates new laws, or desires God's law to be altered.
Ne'0-PHyTE, n. [Gr. veoi and ^uroj/.] 1. A new convert
or proselyte. 2. A novice ; one newly admitted to the
order of priest. 3. A tyro ; a beginner in learning.
NE-0-TER'ie, or NE-0-TER'I-€AL, a. [Gr. rswrepi^cos.]
New ; recent in origin ; modern.
NE-0-TER'ie, n. One of modern times. Burton.
NEP, n. A plant of the genus nepeta ; catmint.
NE-PEN'THE, n. [Gr. vrjKEvdrjs.] A drug or medicine that
drives away pain and grief. [Little used.^ Milton.
NEPH'E-LIN, I n. [Gr. vt(f>tXr}.'\ A mineral found mixed
NEPH'E-LINE, \ with other substances.
NEPH'EW, 71. [Fr. neveu ; L. nepos.] 1. The son of a
brother or sister. 2. A grandson ; also, a descendant ;
[little used.]
NEPH'RITE, n. [Gr. v£(ppiTris.] A mineral.
NE-PHRIT'I€, ) a. [Gr. ve^ptTtKog.] 1. Pertaining to
NE-PHRIT'I-€AL, I the kidneys or organs of urine. 2.
Affected with the stone or gravel. 3. Relieving or curing
the stone or gravel, or disorders of the kidneys in general.
NE-PHRIT'IC, 71. A medicine adapted to relieve or cure
the diseases of the kidneys, particularly the gravel or stone
in the bladder.
NEPH-Rl'-TIS, 71. In medicine, an inflammation of the kid'
neys.
NE-PHROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. vecppos and teiivw.] In surgery,
the operation of extracting a stone from the kidney.
*NEP'0-TISM, 71. [Fr. 7iepotisme.] 1. Fondness for neph-
ews. 2. Undue attachment to relations ; favoritism shown
to nephews and other relations.
NEP-TtJ'NI-AN, a. [from Jv'eptunus.] 1. Pertaining to
the ocean or sea; 2. Formed by water or aqueous solution.
NEP-Tu'NI-AN, 1 71. One who adopts the theory that the
NEP'TU-NIST, \ whole earth was once covered with
water, or rather that the substances of the globe were
formed from aqueous solution.
Ne'RE-ID, n. [Gr. vnprjiSeg.] In mythology, a sea nymph.
NERF'LING, v. A fresh-water fish of Germany.
NER'ITE, n. A genus of univalvular shells.
NER'I-TITE, n. A petrified shell of the genus 7ie?^ta.
NERVE, (nerv) n. [L. nervus ; Fr. nerf.] 1. An organ of
sensation and motion in animals. 2. A sinew or tendon.
3. Strength ; firmness of body. 4. Fortitude ; firmness
of mind; courage. 5. Strength; force; authority.
NERVE, V. t. To give strength or vigor ; to arm with force.
NERVED, pp. 1. Armed with strength. — 2. a. In botany,
having vessels simple and unbranched, extending from
the base towards the tip.
NERVE'LESS, (nerv'les) a. Destitute of strength ; weak.
NERVINE, a. [Low L. neroinus.'] That has the quality of
relieving in disorders of the nerves.
NERVINE, n. A medicine that affords relief from disorders
of the nerves.
NERVOUS, a. [L. nervosus.'] 1. Strong ; vigorous. 2.
Pertaining to the nerves ; seated in or affecting the
nerves. 3. Having the nerves affected ; hypochondriac ;
a cnllnquial use of the word. 4. Possessing or manifesting
vigor of mind ; characterized by strength in sentiment or
style.
NERVOUS, or NERVOSE, a. Inbotany. Sec Nerved, No.2.
NERVOUS-LY, adv. With strength or vigor. Warton.
NERV'OUS-NESS, n. 1. Strength ; force ; vigor. Warton.
2. The state of being composed of nerves. Goldsmith.
NERVY, a. Strong ; vigorous. Shak.
NES'CIENCE, (nesh'ens) 71. [1,. nesciens.l Wantof knowl-
edge ; ignorance. Bp. Hall.
* ^ce Sijnopsis. 5, E, I, O, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD :
t Obsolete
NEU
555
NEW
tNESH, a. [Sax.nesc] Soft; tender; nice. Chaucer.
NESS, a termination of names, signifies a promontory, from
tlie root of nose, which see.
NESS, a termination of appellatives, [Sax. nesse, nysse,]
denotes state or quality, as in goodness, greatness,
NEST, n. [Sax., G., D. nest.] 1. The place or bed formed
or used by a bird for incubation or the mansion of her
young until they are able to fly. 2. Any place where
irrational animals are produced. 3. An abode; a place
of residence; a receptacle of numbers, or the collection
itself; usually in an ill sense. 4. A warm, close place of
abode ; generally, in contempt. 5. A number of boxes,
cases, or the like, inserted in each other.
NEST, V. i. To build and occupy a nest. Howell.
NEST'EGG, n. An egg left in the nest to prevent the hen
from forsaking it. Hudibras.
NES'TLE, (nes'l) v. i. 1. To settle ; to harbor ; to lie close
and snug, as a bird in her nest, L'Estrange. 2. To
move about in one's seat, like a bird when forming her
nest.
NES'TLE, (nes'l) v. t. 1. To house, as in a nest. Do-nne.
2. To cherish, as a bird her young. Chapman.
NEST'LING, n. 1. A young bird in the nest, or just taken
from the nest. 2. A nest ; [ohs.']
NEST'LING, a. Newly hatched ; being yet in the nest.
NES-To'RI-AN, n. A follower of Nestorius.
NET, 71. [Sax. 7ic«, 7ii/i ,■ D., Dan. net.] 1. An instrument
for catchmg fish and fowls, or wild beasts, formed with
twine or thread interwoven with meshes. 2. A cunning
device ; a snare. 3. Inextricable difficulty. Job xviii.
4. Severe afflictions. .Job xix.
NET, V. t. To make a net or net-work ; to knot. Seward.
NET, a. [Fr. net; It. netto.} 1. Neat; pure; unadulter-
ated; [I.U.] 2. Being without flaw or spot; [I. u.] 3.
Being beyond all charges or outlay. 4. Being clear of all
tare and tret, or all deductions ; as, net weight. It is
sometimes written nett, but improperly.
NET, V. t. To produce clear profit.
NETH'ER, a. [Sax. neother ; G. nieder ; D,, Dan. neder.]
1, Lower; lying or being beneath or in the lower part ;
opposed to upper. 2. In a lower place. 3. Belonging to
the regions below.
NETH'ER-MoST, a. Lowest ; as, the nethermost hell.
NET'TING, n. 1. A piece of net-work. 2. A complication
of ropes fastened across each other. Mar. Diet.
NET'TLE, (net'l) n. [Sax. netl, netele.] A plant whose
prickles fret the skin and occasion very painful sensations.
NET'TLE, V. t. To fret or sting ; to irritate or vex ; to ex-
cite sensations of displeasure or uneasiness, not amount-
ing to wrath or violent anger.
NET'TLED, pp. Fretted ; irritated.
NET'TLER, n. One that provokes, stings or irritates.
NET'TLE-TREE, n. A tree of the genus celtis, whose
leaves are deeply serrated, and end in a sharp point.
Encyc.
NET'TLING, p2?r. Irritating; vexing.
NET' Work, n. A complication of threads, twine or cords
united at certain distances, forming meshes, interstices or
open spaces between the knots or intersections ; reticu-
lated or decussated work.
NEU-RO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to neurology, or to a
description of the nerves of animals.
NEU-ROL'O-GIST, n. One*who describes the nerves of
animals.
NEU-ROL'0-GY, n. [Gr. vevpov and \oyos.] A description
of the nerves of animal bodies, or the doctrine of the
nerves.
NEtJ'ROP-TER, ) 71. [Gr. vevpov and rrrepov.] An order
NEU-ROP'TE-RA, ^ of insects.
N EU-ROP'TE-RAL, a. Belonging to the order of neurop-
ters.
NEu'RO-SPAST, n. [Gr. vevpocrtac-EU).] A puppet.
NEU-ROT'I€, a. [Gr. vevpov.] Useful in disorders of the
nerves.
NEU-ROT'I€, n. A medicine useful in disorders of, the
nerves. Encyc.
NEU-RO-TOMiI-€AL, a. Pertaining to the anatomy or dis-
section of nerves.
NEU-ROT'0-MIST, n. One who dissects the nerves.
NEU-ROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. vevpov and rs/ivw.] 1. The dis-
section of a nerve. 2. The art or practice of dissecting
the nerves.
NEu'TER, (nu'ter) a. [L.] 1. Not adhering to either par-
ty ; taking no part with either side. It may be synony-
mous with indifferent, or it may not. The United States
remained 7ie7iier during the French revolution, -but very
few of the people were indifferent as to the success of the
parties engaged. A man may be neuter from feeling, and
he is then indifferent ; but he may be neuter in fact, when
he is not in feeling or principle.— 2. In grammar, of nei-
ther gender ; an epithet given to nouns that are neither
masculine nor feminine.
NEtJ'TER, 71. 1. A person that takes no part in a contest
between two or more individuals or nations. 2 Au ani-
mal of neither sex, or incapa^ble of propagation — J^euter
verb, in grammar, a verb which expresses an action or
state limited to the subject, and which is not followsd by
an object ; as, I go.
NEu'TRAL, a. [Fr. neutre ; L. neutralis.] 1. Not engag-
ed on either side ; not taking an active part with either of
contending parties. 2. Indifferent ; having no bias in
favor of either side or party. 3. Indifferent ; neither very
good nor bad.
NEu'TRAL, n. A person or nation that takes no part in a
contest between others. R. G. Harper.
NEtJ'TRAL-IST, n. A neutral. [Little used.]
NEU-TRAL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being unengaged in
disputes or contests between others ; the state of taking
no part on either side. 2. A state of indifference in feel-
ing or principle. 3. Indifference in quality ; a state nei-
ther very good nor evil ; [little used.] 4. A combination
of neutral powers or states.
NEU-TRAL-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of neutralizing. 2
The act of reducing to a state of indifference or neutrality.
NEu'TRAL-iZE, v. t. 1. To render neutral ; to reduce to
a state of indifference between different parties or opin-
ions.— 2. In chemistry, to destroy or render inert or im-
perceptible the peculiar properties of a body by combining
it with a different substance. 3. To destroy the peculiar
properties or opposite dispositions of parties or other
things, or reduce them to a state of indifference or inac-
tivity.
NEu'TRAL-iZED, pp. Reduced to neutrality or indiffer-
ence.
NEu'TRAL-TZ-ER, n. That which neutralizes.
NEtJ'TRAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Destroying or rendering inert
the peculiar properties of a substance ; reducing to indif-
ference or inactivity.
NEu'TRAL-LY, adv. Without taking part with either side;
indifferently.
NEVER, adv. [Sax. nmfre.] 1. Not ever ; not at any
time ; at no time. 2. It has a particular use in the follow-
ing sentence. " Whitih w.ill not hearken to the voice of
charmers, charming never so widely." Ps. Iviii. 3. In no
degree ; not. 4. It is used for not. 5. It is much used in
composition ; as in never-ending, never-faWing,.
NEV-ER-THE-LESS', adv. [never, the and less.] Not the
less ; notwithstanding ; that is, in opposition to any thing,
or without regarding it.
NEW, a. [Sax. neow ; D. nicuto : G. neu.] 1. Lately made,
invented, produced or come into being ; that has existed
a short time only; recent in origin; novel; opposed to
old. 2. Lately introduced to our knowledge ; not before
known ; recently discovered. 3. Modern ; not ancient.
4. Recently produced by change. 5. Not habituated ;
not familiar ; unaccustomed. 6. Renovated ; repaired so
as to recover the first state. 7. Fresh after any event. 8.
Not of ancient extinction or a family of ancient distinc-
tion. 9. Not before used ; strange ; unknown. 10. Re-
cently commenced ; as, the new year. 11. Having passed
the change or conjunction with the sun. 12. Not cleared
and cultivated, or lately cleared ; as, new land. Am.erica.
13. That has lately appeared for the first time.— JVew is
much used in composition to qualify other words ; as in
7iew-born, 7tew-made.
fNEW, V. t. To make new. Oower.
NEWiEL, n. 1. In architecture, the upright post about
which are formed winding stairs, or a cylinder of stone
formed by the end of the steps of the winding stairs. 2.
Novelty ;" [obs.] Spenser.
t NEW-FAN'GLE, v. t. To change by introducing novel-
ties. Milton.
\ NEW-FAN'GLE, or NEW-FAN'GLIST, n. One desirous
of novelty. Tooker.
NEW-F AN'GLED, a. [new and fangle.] New-made ; form-
ed with the affectation of novelty ; in contempt.
NEW-F AN'GLED-NESS, \ n. Vain or affected fashion or
NEW-FAN'GLE-NESS, \ form. Sidney.
NEW-FASH'IONED, a. Made in a new form, or late'y
come into fashion.
NEW'ING, n. Yeast or barm. Ainsworth.
NEWISH, a. Somewhat new ; nearly new. Bacon.
NEWLY, adv. 1. Lately; freshly; recently. 2. With a
new form, different from the former. 3. In a manner not
existing before.
NEW-MOD'EL, v. t. To give a new form to.
NEW-MOD'ELED, a. Formed after a new model.
NEW-MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Giving a new form to.
NEWNESS, n. 1. Lateness of origin ; recentness ; state
of being lately invented or produced. 2. Novelty ; the
state of being first known or introduced. 3. Innovation ;
recent change. 4. Want of practice or familiarity. 5.
Different state or qualities introduced by change or regen-
eration.
NEWS, n. [from new ; Fr. nouvelles. This word .las a plu-
ral form, but is almost always united with a verb in the
singular. ] 1 . Recent account ; fresh information of some-
* See Synopsis. MOVE BOOK, D6VE ;— BTILL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
m
NIC
556
NIG
thing that has lately taken place at a distance, or of some-
thing before unknown ; tidings. 2. A newspaper.
NEWS'-MoN-GER, n. One that deals in news ; one who
employs much time in hearing and telling news.
NEWS-'Pa-PER, 71. A sheet of paper printed and distrib-
uted for conveying news ; a public print that circulates
news.
NEWT, 21. A small lizard ; an eft. JEncye.
NEW-TO''NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Sir Isaac Newton, or
formed or discovered by him.
NEW-To'NI-AN, n. A follower of Newton in philoso-
phy.
NEVV-YeAR'S gift, n. A present made on the first day
of the year.
NEX'I-BLE, a [L. nexibilis.] That may be knit together.
NEXT, a superl. of nigh. [Sax. next, or nexsta, from neh,
neah, nigh.] 1. Nearest in place ; that has no object in-
tervening between it and some other ; immediately pre-
ceding, or preceding in orden 2. Nearest in time. 3.
Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right or relation.
NEXT, ado. At the fime or turn nearest or immediately
succeeding.
Nl'AS, for an eyas, a young hawk. B. Jonson.
NIB, n. [Sax. neb, nebb.] 1. The bill or beak of a fowl.
2. The Doint of any thing, particularly of a pen. See
Nkb.
NIBBED, a. Having a nib or point.
NIB'BLE, v.t. 1. To bite by little at a time ; to eat slowly
Of in small bits. 2. To bite, as a fish does She bait ; to
c-arp at ; just to catch by biting.
NIB'BLE, v.i. 1. To bite at ; as, fishes nibble at the bait.
2. To carp at ; to find fault ; to censure little faults.
NIB'BLE, n. A little bite, or seizing to bite.
NIB'BLER, n. One that bites a little at a time ; a carper.
NIB'BLING,;7;)r. Biting in small bits; carping.
NICE, a. [Sax. nesc, or hnesc] 1. Properly, soft ; whence,
delicate ; tender ; dainty ; sweet or very pleasant to the
taste. 2. Delicate ; fine. 3. Accurate 5 exact ; precise.
4, Requiring scrupulous exactness. 5. Perceiving the
smallest diflference ; distinguishing accurately and minute-
ly by perception. 6. Perceiving accurately the smallest
faults, errors or irregularities ; distinguishing and judging
with exactness. 7. Over scrupulous or exact, o. Deli-
cate ; scrupulously and minutely cautious. 9. Fastidious ;
squeamish. 10 Delicate; easily injured. 11. Refined.
12. Having lucsy hits; [obs.] 13. Weak; foolish; ef-
feminate; [ofo.] 14. Trivial; unimportant. — To make
nice, to be scrupulous. Shak.
NiCE'LY, adv. 1. With delicate perception. 2. Accurate-
ly ; exactly ; with exact order or proportion. — 3, In collo-
quial language, well ; cleverly • dextrously ; handsomely ;
m the best manner.
Nl'CENE, a. Pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor.
NiCE'NESS, n. 1. Delicacy of perception ; the quality of
perceiving small differences. 2. Extreme delicacy ; ex-
cess of scrupulousness or exactness. 3. Accuracy ; mi-
nute exactness.
NT'CE-TY, w. 1. Niceness; delicacy of perception. 2. Ex-
cess of delicacy ; fastidiousness ; squeamishness. 3. JNli-
nute difference. 4. Minuteness of observation or discrim-
inati^jn ; precision. 5. Delicate management ; exactness
in treatment. — 6. J\ricctles, in the plural, delicacies for
food ; dainties.
Nl'CHAR, 71. A plant. Miller.
NICHE, } 71. [Fr. niche ; Sp., Port, nlcho.] A cavity, hollow,
NICH, \ or recess within the thickness of a wall, for a
statue or bust. Pope.
NICK, 71. In the northern mythology, an evil spirit of the
waters ; hence the modern vulgar phrase. Old Jsi'ick, the
evil one.
NICK, 71. [Sw. nick ; Dan. nik.] 1. The exact point of
time required by necessity or convenience ; the critical
time. 2. [G. knick, a flaw.] A notch or score for keep-
ing an account ; a reckoning ; [obs.] 3. A winning
throw.
NICK, V. t. 1. To hit ; to ouch luckily ; to perform by a
slight artifice used at the lucky time. 2. To cut in nicks
or notches. [See Notch.] 3. To suit, as lattices cut in
nicks; [obs.] 4. To defeat or cozen, as at dice; to dis-
appoint by some trick or unexpected turn ; [obs.]
NICK, V. t. [G. knicken.] To notch or make an incision in
a horse's tail, to make him carry it higher.
NICK'AR-TREE, n. A tree of the genus guilandina.
NK;K'EL, 71. A metal of a white or reddish-white color.
NICK'EI^-IC, a. The vickelic acid is a saturated combina-
tion of nickel and oxygen.
NICK'ER, n. One who watches for opportunities to pilfer
or practice knavery. Arbuthnot.
JNICK'NAME, 71. [In Fr. 7uque is a term of contempt.] A
name given in contempt, derision or reproach ; an oppro-
brious appellation.
NICK'NAME, V. t. To give a name of reproach . call by
an opprobrious appellation. Shak.
NICK'NaMED, pp. Named in derision.
NICK'NA MING, ppr. Calling by a name in contempt or
derisioii.
NIC-O-L a'I-TAN, 71. One of a sect in the ancient Christian
church, so named from Mcolas.
NI-CO'TIAN, a. Pertaining to or denoting tobacco ; and, as
a noun, tobacco ; so called from JVicot, who first introduc-
ed it into France, A. D. 1560.
NIC'O-TIN, 71. The peculiar principle in the leaves of to-
bacco ; a colorless substance of an acrid taste.
NICTATE, V. i. [L. nicto.] To wink. Ray.
NIC'TA-TING, or NIC'TI-TA-TING, pBr. or a. Winking,
NIC-Ta'TION, n. The act of winking.
fNIDE, 71. [L. nidus.] A brood.
tNIDG'ET, 7i. A dastard. Camden.
NID'I-FI-€ATE, v. i. [L. nidifico.] To make a nest.
NID-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of buUding a nest, and the
hatching and feeding of young in the nest.
jNID'ING, n. [Sax. nithing ; Ban., Sw. niding.] A despi-
cable coward ; a dastard.
Ni'DOR, 7i. [L.] Scent; savor. Bp. Taylor.
NI-DO-ROS'I-TY, 71. Eructation with the taste of undigest-
ed roast meat. Floyer.
Ni'DO-ROUS, a. Resembling the smell or taste of roasted
meat. Bacon.
NID'U-LANT, a. [L. nidulor.] In botany, nestling ; ly-
ing loose in pulp or cotton, within a berry or pericarp.
t NID'U-L ATE, v.i. [L.. nidulor.] To build a nest. Cock-
er am.
NID-U-La'TION, n. The time of remaining in the nest ; as
of a bird. Brown.
Ni'DUS, 71. [L.] A nest ; a repository for the eggs of birds,
insects, &c.
NIeCE, (nese) n. [Fr. niice.] The daughter of a brother or
fNIF'LE, 71. [Norm.] A trifle, Chaucer.
NIG'GARD, 71. [W. 7UO-,- G. knicker.] A miser; a person
meanly close and covetous.
NIG'GARD, a. 1. Miserly ; meanly covetous; sordidly par-
simonious. Dryden. 2. Sparing ; wary.
NIG'GARD, v_. t. To stint ; to supply sparingly, [L. u.]
jNIG'GARD-lSE, 71. Niggardliness. Spenser.
NIG'GARD-ISH, a. Somewhat covetous or niggardly.
NIG'GARD-LI-NESS, 7?. Mean covetousness ; sordid par
simony. Addison.
NIG'GARD-LY, a. 1. Meanly covetous or avaricious ; sor-
didly parsimonious ; extremely sparing of expense. 2.
Sparing ; wary ; cautiously avoiding profusion.
NIG'GARD-LY, adv. Sparingly ; with cautious parsimony.
Shak.
tNlG'GARD-NESS, 7J. Niggardliness. Sidney.
t NIG-GARD-SHIP, n. Avarice. Sir T. Elyot.
JNIG'GARD-Y, 71. Niggardliness.
t NIG'GLE, V. t. and i. To mock ; to trifle with. Beaumont.
NIG'GLER, 71. One who is clever and dextrous. Qrose.
NIGH, (ni) a. [Sax. 7iea/«, neahg, neh, for nig; G. nahe.]
1. Near ; not distant or remote in place or time. Prior. 2.
Closely allied by blood. 3. Easy to be obtained or learnt ;
of easy access. 4. Ready to support, to forgive, or to aid
and defend. 5. Close in fellowship ; intimate in relation.
6. Near in progress or condition. Heb. vi.
NIGH, (nl) adv. 1. Near ; at a small distance in place or
time, or in the course of events. 2. Near to a place. 3.
Almost ; near.
f NIGH, (nl) V. i. To approach ; to advance or draw near.
t NIGH, (ni) V. t. To come near ; to touch. Chaucer.
f-NIGH'LY, (ni'ly) adv. Nearly ; within a little.
NiGH'NESS, (ni'nes) n. Nearness; proximity in place,
time or degree.
NIGHT, (nite) n. [Hax.niht; Goth, nahts ; D. nagt; G.
nacht.] 1. That part of the natural day when the sun is
beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sunrise.
2. The time after the close of life ; death. John ix. 3. A
state of ignorance ; intellectual and moral darkness;
heathenish ignorance. Rom. xiii. 4. Adversity ; a state
of affliction and distress. Is. xxi. 5. Obscurity ; a state
of concealment from the eye or the mind ; unintelligible-
ness. — To-nicrht, in this night.
NiGHT'-AN-GLING, n. The angling for or catching fish
in the night. Encyc.
NIGHT'-BiRD, w. A bird that flies only in the night. Hall.
NlGHT'-BORN, a. Produced in darkness.
NiGHT'-BRAWL-ER, n. One who excites brawls or makes
a tumult at night.
NlGHT'-€AP, 71. A cap worn in bed or in undress.
NlGHT'-CRoW, 71. A fowl that cries in the night. Shak.
NiGHT'-DEW, n. The dew formed in the night.
NiGHT'-DOG, 71. A dog that hunts in the night ; used by
deer-stealers. Shak.
NiGHT'-DRESS, n. A dress worn at night. Pope.
NlGHT'ED, a. Darkened ; clouded ; black. [L. u.] Shak.
NIGHT'PALL, v. The close of the day ; evening.
NIGHT'FAR-ING, a. Traveling in the night.
NlGHT'FIRE, n. 1. Ignis fiituus ; Will with a wisp ; Jack
with a lantern. 2. Fire burning in the night.
See Synopsis
K, T, O, V, Y, ZoTig-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;
t Obsolete.
NIN
557
NO
NiGHT'-FL"?, 71. An insect that flies in the night. Shale.
NIGHT'-FOUND-ERED, a. Lost or distressed in the night
Milton.
NIGHT'-GOWN, n. A loose gown used for undress. Ad-
dison.
HiGHT'-HAG, n. A witch supposed to wander in the night.
Milton.
NlGHT'IN-GALE, n. [Sax. nihtegale.] 1. A small bird
that sings at night, of the genus motacilla; Philomela or
Philomel. Shak, 2. A word of endearment. Shak.
NlGHT'ISH, a. Pertaining to night, or attached to the night.
NiGHT'LY, a. 1. Done by night ; happening in the night,
or appearing in the night. 2, Done every night.
NlGHT'LY, adv. 1. By night. 2. Every night.
NiGHT'-MAN, n. One who removes filth from cities in
the night.
NiGHT'MARE, ) n. [night, and Sax. mara.] Incubus ; a
NiGHT'MAR, \ sensation in sleep resembling the pres-
sure cf a weight on tlie breast or about the priecordia.
NiGHT'-PIeCE, n. A piece of painting so colored as to be
supposed seen by candle-light. Addison.
f NlGHT'-RAIL, 7i. [night, and Sax. regl.] A loose robe or
garment worn over the dress at night.
NiGHT'-Ra-VEN, n. A fowl of ill omen that cries in the
night. Spenser.
NIGHT'-REST, n. Rest or repose at night. Shak.
NiGHT-ROB-BER, n. One that robs in the night.
NiGHT'-RULE, w. A tumult or frolic in the night. Shak.
NiGHT'-SHADE, ?i. [Sax. nihtscada.] A plant.
NiGHT'-SHiN-ING, a. Shining in the night ; luminous in
darkness. Wilkins.
NiGIIT'-SHRIeK, n. A shriek or outcry in the night.
NiGHT'-SPELL, n. A charm against accidents at night.
NiGHT'-TRIP-PING, a. Tripping about in the night.
NIGHT'-VIS-rON, 71. A vision at night. Dan. ii.
NIGHT'-WaK-ING, a. Watching in the night.
NiGHT'-WALK, n. A walk in the evening or night. JVal-
ton.
NIGHT'- WALK-ER, n. 1. One that walks in his sleep ; a
somnambulist. 2. One that roves about in the night for
evil purposes.
NIGHT'- WALK-ING, a. Roving in tiie night.
NiGHT'-WALK-ING, 71. A roving in the streets at night
with evil designs.
NIGHT'-WAND-ER-ER, n. One roving at night.
NiGHT'-WAND-ER-ING, a. Wandering in the night.
NiGHT'-WAR-BLING, a. Warbling or singing in the night.
NiGHT'WARD, a. Approaching towards night.
NiGHT'-WATCH, n. 1. A period in the night, as distin-
guished by the change of the watch. 2. A watch or
guard in the night.
NiGHT'-WATCH-ER, n. One that watches in the night
with evil designs,
NiGHT'-WITCH, n. A night hag ; a witch that appeai-s in
the night.
NI-GRES'CENT, a. [L. nigresco.l Growing black ; chang-
ing to a black color ; approaching to blackness.
t NIG-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. niger and facio.} The act
of making black.
NIG'RIN, \ n. An ore of titanium, found in black grains
NIG'RiNE, I or rolled pieces. i7A-e.
NI-HIL'I-TY, n. [L. 7iihilu7n.] . Nothingness ; a state of
being nothing. Watts.
t NILL, V. t. [Sax. nillan.] Not to will ; to refuse ; to reject.
NILL, V. i. To be unwilling. Shak.
NILL, n. The shining sparks of brass in trying and melting
the ore. Johnson.
NI-LOM'E-TER, 71. [JViiZe,and Gr. /^erpov.] An instrument
for measuring the rise of water in the Nile during the
flood,
t NIM, V. t. [Sax. neman, nknan.] To take ; to steal ; to
filch. Hudihras.
NIMBLE, a. Light and quick in motion ; moving with
ease and celerity ; lively ; swift. Pope.
NIM'BLE-FOOT-ED, a. Running with speed; light of foot.
NIM'BLE-NESS, n. Lightness and agility in motion ; quick-
ness ; celerity ; speed ; swiftness,
f NIlM'BLESS,«. Nimbleness. Spenser.
NIM'BLE- WIT-TED, a. Quick; ready to speak.
NIJM'BLY, adv. With agility ; with light, quick motion,
t NIM'I-E-TY, n. [L. niviietas.'] The state of being too much.
fNIM'MER, n. [Sax. niman.] A thief. Hudibras.
NIN'€0M-P0OP, n. [a corruption of L. non compos.] A
fool ; a blockhead ; a trifling dotard. [A low word.]
NINE, a. [Goth, niun ; G. neun.] Denoting the number
composed of eight and one.
NINE, n._The number composed of eight and one.
NiNE'-FoLD, a. Nine times repeated. Milton.
NINE'-HoLES, 71. A game in which holes are made in the
ground, into which a pellet is to be bowled. Drayton.
NiNE'-PENCE, n. A silver coin of the value of nine-pence.
NiNE'-PINS, 77. A play with nine pins or sharpened pieces
of wood set on end, at which a bowl is rolled for throwing
them down.
NlNE'-S€OKE, d,. Noting nine times twenty.
NlNE'-S€ORE, n. The number of nine timep twenty
NiNE'TEEN, a. [Sax. nigantyne.] Noting the number
jiine and ten united.
NlNE-fTEENTH, a. [Sax. nigantothe.] The ordinal
nineteen; designating nineteen
NiNETI-ETH, a. The ordinal of ninety.
NiNE'TY, u. Nine times ten ; as, iiijiety years.
NIN'NY, n. [Sp, nino.] A fool ; a simpleton.
NIN'NY-HAM-MER, n. A simpleton. Arbuthnot
Ninth; a. [Sax. nigetha.] The ordinal of nine ; designa
ting the number nine, the next preceding teri.
Ninth, n. in music, an interval containing an octave and
a tone.
NIP, V. t. [D. knippen ; Sw. kidpa.] 1. To cut, bite or pincli
off" the end or nib, or to pinch off" with the ends of the
fingers. 2. To cut off the end of any thing : to clip as
with the knife or scissors. 3. To blast ; to kill or destroy
the end of any thing ; hence, to kill. 4. To pincli, bite or
affect the extremities of any thing. 5. To check circula-
tion. 6. To bite ; to vex. 7. To satirize keenly; to taunt
sarcastically-
NIP, 7z. ]. A pinch with the nails or teeth. Ascham. 2. A
small cut, or a cutting off" the end. 3. A blast ; a killing
of the ends of plants ; destruction by frost. 4. A biting
sarcasm; a taunt. 5. [G. 7iippen.] A sip or small
draught.
NIPPED, or NIPT, pp. Pinched ; bit ; cropped ; blasted.
NIP'PER, n. 1. A satirist ; [obs.] 2. Afore tootJi of a horse.
The nippers are four.
NIP'PER-KIN, 77. [Aleman. nap, nappekin.] A small cupr
NIP'PERS,7i. Small pincers.
NIP'PING, p;)r. Pinching; pinching off"; biting off" the end ;
cropping ; clipping ; blasting ; killing.
NIP'PING-LY, adv. With bitter sarcasm. Johnson.
NIP'PLE,7i. [Sax. 717,'peZe.] 1. A teat; a dug. 2. The or-
ifice at which any animal liquor is separated. Dcrhavi.
NIP'PLE-WoRT, 7i. A plant of the genus lapsana.
t NIS, [Sax. nis.] Is not. Spenser.
NIS'AN, 71. A month of the Jewish calendar, the first month
of the sacred year and seventh of the civil year, answer-
ing nearly to our March.
Nl'SI PRi'US, n. [L.] In law, a writ which lies in casea
where the jury being impanneled and returned before the
justices of the bench, one of the parties requests to have
this writ for the ease of the country, that the cause may
be tried before the justices of the same county.
NIT, n. [Sax. hnitu.] The egg of a louse or other small
insect. Derhani.
Nl'TEN-CY, 71. ['L.niteo.'] I. Brightness ; lustre ; [I. u.]
2. [L. nitor.] Endeavor ; eff"ort ; spring to expand itself;
[little used.]
NIT'ID, a. [L. nitidus.] 1. Bright ; lustrous ; shining.
Boyle. 2. Gay ; spruce ; fine ; [little used.] Reeve.
Nl'TRE, } n. [Fr. nitre ; Sp., It. nitro ; L. nitrum.] A salt,
Nl'TER, ] called, also, salt-petre [stone-salt,] and, in the
modern nomenclature of chemistry, nitrate of potash.
NITH'ING, n. [Sax.] A coward ; a. dastard ; a poltroon.
See NiDiNG.
Nl'TRATE, 71. A salt formed by the union of the nitric
acid with a base. Lavosier.
Nl'TRA-TED, a. Combined with nitre. Kirwan.
Nl'TRI€, a. Impregnated with nitre.
Ni-TRI-FI-Ca'TION, n. The pi'ocess cf fonning nitre.
Ni'TRI-FY, V. t. [nitre, and L./acto.] To form into nitre.
Ni'TRITE, n. A salt formed by the combination of the ni-
trous acid with a base.
NI'TRO-GEN, n. [Gr. vit^ov and ys.vvaw.'] The element
of nitre ; that which produces nitre ; that element or com-
ponent part of air which is called aiote. See Azote.
Nl-TR06'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to nitrogen; producing
nitre.
Ni-TRO-LEu'Cie, a. Designating an acid obtained from
leucine acted on by nitre. Braconnet.
NI-TR0M'E-TER,7^. [Gr. virpov and i^erpeu).] An instru-
ment for ascertaining the quality or value of nitre
Nl'TRO-MU-RI-AT'ie, a. Partaking of nitre and muria or
t NT-TROS'I-TY, n. Quality of nitre. Cotgrave.
Nl'TROUS, a. Pertaining to nitre ; partaking of the quali-
ties of nitre, or resembling it.
Ni'TRY, a. Nitrous ; pertaining to nitre ; producing nitre
JNIT'TER, 7!. The horse bee. Med.Repos.
t NIT'TI-LY, adv. Lousily. Haywara.
NIT'TY, a. Full of nits ; abounding with nits.
fNi'VAL, a. [Ii. nivalis.] Abounding with snow; snowy.
NiV-E-OUS, a. [L. niveus] Snowy; resembling snow j
partaking of the qualities of snow. Broicn.
Nl'ZY, n. [Norm. Fr. nessi.] A dunce ; a simpleton.
NO. An abbreviation of number, Fr. nombre ; as, JVo. 10.
NO, adv. [Sax. na, or iie ; W. na.] ]. A word of denial or
refusal, expressing a negative, and equivalent to nay and
not. 2. After another negative, it repeats the negation
with great emphasis. 3. Not in any degree. 4. When no
* See Synapsis. MOVE, nQQK, Do VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
NOD
558
NOM
fe repeated, it expresses negation or refusal with empha-
sis.
NO, a. 1. Not any ; none. 2. Not any ; not one. 3. When
it precedes wliere^ as in no where, it may be considered as
adverbial, though originally an adjective.
NOB, n. The head, in ridicule. [^ low word.]
NOBIL'IA-RY, n. A history of noble families. Encyc.
NU-iilL'I-TAT£, V. t. [L. nobUito.] To make noble ; to
enoble.
NO-B1L-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of making noble. More.
NO-BIL'I-TY, ji. [L. nobilitas.] 1. Dignity of mind;
greatness ; grandeur ; elevation of soul. 2. Antiquity of
family ; descent from noble ancestors ; distinction by
blood, usually joined with riches. 3. The qualities which
constitute distinction of rank in civil society according to
the customs or laws of the country. — In Great Britain,
nobility is extended to five ranks, those of duke, marquis,
ear , viscount, and baron. 4. The persons collectively
who enjoy rank above commoners ; the peerage,
N6'BLE, a. [Fi.,Sp.nobh; l.. iiobilis.] 1. Great; elevat-
ed ; dignified ; being above every thing that can dishonor
reputation. 2. Exalted ; elevated ; sublime, 3. Magnifi-
cent ; stately ; splendid. 4. Of an ancient and splen-
did family. 5. Distinguished from commonei-s by rank
and title. 6. Free ; generous ; liberal. 7, Principal ;
capital, 8. Ingenuous ; candid ; of an excellent disposition ;
ready to receive truth. 9. Of the best kind ; c^ioice ; ex-
cellent.
No'BLE, 71. 1. A person of rank above a commoner ; a no-
bleman ; a peer. — 2. In Scripture, a person of honorable
family or distinguished by station, — 3. Originally, a gold
coin, but now a money of account, value 65. M. ster-
ling,
f ?Jo'BLE, V. t. To ennoble. Chaucer.
No'BLE LIV'ER-WORT, n. A plant.
NO'BLE-MAN, n. A noble ; a peer ; one who enjoys rank
above a commoner. Dryden.
No'bi^E-WOM-AN, n. A female of noble rank.
No'BLE-NESS, 71. 1. Greatness; dignity; ingenuousness;
magnanimity ; elevation of mind or of condition, 2,
Distinction by birth ; honor derived from a noble ancestry.
NO-BLESS', n. [Fr. noblesse.'] 1, The nobility ; persons
of noble rank collectively. Dryden, 2, Dignity ; great-
ness , noble birth or condition ; [obs.] Spender.
No'BLY, (ulv. I. Of noble extraction ; descended from a
family of rank. Dryden. 2. With greatness of soul ; he-
roically ; with magnanimity. 3. Splendidly ; magnifi-
cently,
No'BOD-Y, n. f no and body.] No person ; no one. Swift.
No'CENT, a. [L, noccns.] Hurtful ; mischievous ; injuri-
ous ; doing hurt. Watts.
No'ClVE, a. [L. vx>civus.] Hurtful ; injurious. Hooker.
t NOCK, n. A notch. See A^otch,
t NOOK, V. t. To place in the notch. Chapman.
t NOCKED, a. Notched. Chaucer.
NOC-TAM-BU-La'TION, n. [L. nox and ambulo.] A
rising from bed and walking in sleep. Beddoes.
NOe-TAM'BU-LIST, rt. One who rises from bed and
walks in his sleep. Arbuthnot uses noctambulo in the
.] Comprising a night
Bringing night,
A species of
NOC-TID'IAL, a. [L, 7iox and di
and a dav, [Little used.] Holder.
t NOC-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. nox and fero.
NOC-TIL'U-CA, n. [L, nox and luceo.
phosphorus which shines in darkness.
NOC-TIL'U-COUS, a. Shining in the night. Pennant.
NOC-l'lVA-GANT, a. [L. nox and vagor.] Wandering
in the night,
NOC-TIV-A-Ga'TION, n. A roving in the night.
NOC'TU-A-RY, n. [from L, nox.] An account of what
passes in the night, Addison.
NOC'TIJLE, n. [L. nox.] A large species of bat.
NOC'TURN, 71, [L, nocturnus.] An office of devotion or
religious service by night, Stlllingfleet.
NOC-TURX'AL, a, [h. nocturnus.] 1, Pertaining to night.
2, Done or happening at night. 3. Nightly ; done or be-
ing every night.
NOC-TURN'AL, n. An instrument chiefly used at sea to
lake the altitude of stars about the pole.
fNOC'LT-MENT, 71. [L. nocumentum.] Harm.
tNOC'U-OUS, a, [h.nocuus.] Noxious; hurtful, Bailey.
NOD, V. i. [L. nuto.] 1. To incline the head with a quick
motion, cither forward or sidewise, as persons nod in sleep.
2. To bend or incline with a quick motion, 3. To be
drowsy, 4. To make a slight bow ; also, to beckon with
I nod.
WOD,-y. t. To incline or bend ; to shake. Shak.
JSOD, 71. 1, A quick declination of the head. 2, A quick
declination or inclination, 3. A quick inclination of the
head in drowsiness or sleep, 4, A slight obeisance. Shak.
5. A command,
NO'DA-TED, a. [Ij.nodatus.] Knotted.
NO-Da'TION, 7t. [L. nodatio.] The act of making a knot,
or state of being knotted, [Little used.]
tNOD'DEN, a. Bent; inclined. Thomson.
NOD'DER, n. One who nods ; a drowsy person,
NOD'DING, ppr. Inclining the head with a short quick
motion,
NOD'DLE, ra. [fiVi.'L.nodulus.] The head ; in contempt
NOD'DY, n. [qu. Gr. vutBrji.] I. A simpleton ; a fool, 2.
A fowl, 3. A game at cards,
NODE, 7t. [L. nodus.] 1, Properly, a knot; a knob;
hence,— 2, in surgery, a swelling of the periosteum, ten-
dons or bones, — 3, In astronomy, the point where the orbit
of a planet intersects the ecliptic— 4. In poetrii, the knot,
intrigue or plot of a piece, or the principal difficulty,— 5,
In dialing, a point or hole in the gnomon of a dial.
NO-DoSE', a. [L. nodosus.] Knotted; having knots or
swelling joints. Martyn.
NO-DOS'I-TY, 71. Knottiness. Brown.
No'doUS, '"^' I °" t^' '"■odosus.] Knotty ; full of knots.
NOD'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to w in the form of a nodule
or knot.
NOD'ULE, 71. [L. nodulus.] A little knot or lump.
NOD'ULED, a. Having little knots or lumps.
INO-ET'IC, a, [G-i.voETiKOi.] Intellectual ; transacted by
the understanding,
NOG, n. [ahbrev. of noggin.] A little pot ,• also, ale. Swift.
t NOG'GEN, a. Hard ; rough ; harsh. King Charles.
NOG'GIN, 71, A small mug or wooden cup,
NOG'GING, n. A partition of scantlings filled with bricks
fNOPANCE, 71, Annoyance; mischief; inconvenience.
f NOIE, for annoy, f
f NOI'ER, for annoyer, > Tusser.
t NOI'OUS, troublesome. )
t NOINT, V. t. [Fr. oint.] To anoint. Huloet.
NOISE, (noiz) n. [Fr. noise.] 1. Sound of any kind, 2.
Outcry ; clamor ; loud, importunate or continued talk ex-
pressive of boasting, complaint or quarreling, 3. Frequent
talk ; much public conversation.
NOISE, (noizj v. i. To sound loud, Milton.
NOISE, (noiz) v. t. I. To spread by rumor or report. 2.
To disturb with noise : [not authorized.]
NOISED, pp. Spread by report ; much talked of.
NOISE'FLJL, (noiz'ful) a. Loud ; clamorous ; making much
noise or talk, Dryden.
NOISE'LESS, (noiz'les) a. Making no noise or bustle ; si-
lent,
NOISE'-Ma-KER, (noiz'ma-ker) n. One who makes a
clamor, L'Estrange.
NOIS'I-LY, (noiz'e-ly) adv. With noise ; with making a
noise.
NOIS'I-NESS, (noiz'e-nes) n. The state of being noisy ;
loudness of sound ; clamorousness.
NOIS'ING, (noiz'ing) ppr. Spreading by report,
NOI'SoME (noi'sura) a. [Norm, noisife ; It, nocivo, noioso.]
1, Noxious to health ; hurtful ; mischievous ; unwhole-
some ; insalubrious ; destructive. 2, Noxious ; injurious
3, Offensive to the smell or other senses ; disgusting ;
fetid, Shak.
N0I'S6ME-LY, adv. With a fetid stench ; with an infec-
tious steam,
NOI'SoME-JNESS, n. Oflensiveness to the smell ; quality
that disgusts. South.
NOIS'Y, a. 1. Making a loud sound. 2, Clamorous ; tur-
bulent, 3. Full of noise.
No'LENS Vo'LENS, [L.] Unwillmg or willing ; whether
he will or not,
No'LT-ME-TAN'GE-RE, 7i. [h. ; touch me not.] 1, A plant.
2, Among physicians, an ulcer or cancer, a species of
herpes, Coxe.
NO-Li"TION, n. [L, nolo.] Unwillingness ; opposed to
volition. [Little used.]
t NOLL, n. [Sax, hnol, cnolL] The head ; the noddle,
No'MAD, n. [Gr. vofjias, vo/xaSos.] One who leads a wan-
dering life, and subsists by tending herds of cattle which
graze on herbage of spontaneous growth.
NO-MAD'ie, a. [Gr. vofiaSiKos.] Pastoral ; subsisting by
the tending of cattle, and wandering for the sake of pas-
turage.
No'MAD-iZE, V. i. To wander with flocks and herds for
the sake of finding pasturage ; to subsist by the grazing
of herds on herbage of natural growth, Tooke.
N 6'M AB-lZ-lNG, ppr. Leading a pastoral lite, and wan-
dering or removing from place to place for the sake of
finding pasture,
NO'MAN-CY, n. [L. nomen, and Gr. tuavrsia.] The art of
divining the destiny of persons by the letters which form
their names.
NoM'BLES, n [Fr,] The entrails of a deer. Johnson.
NOM'BRIL, 71. [Fr.] The centre of an escutcheon,
NOME, 71, [Gr. vojios.] 1, A province or tract of country ;
an Egyptian government or division, — 2, In the ancient
Oreek music, any melody determined by inviolable rules.
—3. [L. nomen.] In algebra, a quantity with a sign pre
Sec Synopsis. A E, I, O, tJ, 1?, long.—FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;-'PIN, MARINE, BiBD ;— f Obsolete
NON
559
NON
fixed or added to it. — 4. [Gr. v£/iw, to eat.] In surgery, a
phagedenic ulcer, or speiiies of herpes.
*NO'.MEN-€LA-TOR,or NOM-EN-€La'TOR, w. [L.; Fr.
nomenclateur.} 1. A person who calls things or persons
by their names. — 2. In modern usage, a person who gives
names to things.
* NO'-MEN-CLA-TRESS, n. A female nomenclator.
* NO-MEN.€LA'-'i U-RAL, a. Pertaining or according to a
nomenclature. Barton.
* No'MEN-€LA-TURE, or NOM-EN-€LaT'URE, n. [L.
nomenclatura.] 1. A list ox catalogue of the more usual
and important words in a language, with their significa-
tions ; a vocabulary or dictionary. 2. The names of
things in any art or science, or the whole vocabulary of
names or technical terms which are appropriated to any
particular branch of science.
No'MI-AL, n. [from li. nomen.} A single name or term in
mathematics.
NOM'I-NAL, a. [L. nominalis.] 1. Titular j existing in
name only. 2. Pertaining to a name or names ; consist-
ing in names.
NOM'I-NAL, I n. The Nominalists were a sect of
NOM'I-NAL-IST, \ school philosophers, the disciples of
Occam, in the 14th century, who maintained that worda,
and not things, are the object of dialectics.
t NOM'I-NAL-IZE, v. t. To convert into a noun.
NOM'I-NAL-LY, adv. By name or in name only.
NOM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. nomino.] 1. To name ; to mention
byname. 2. To call 5 to entitle; to denominate. 3. To
name, or designate by name, for an oflice or place ; to ap-
point. 4. Usually, to name for an election, choice or
appointment ; to propose by name.
NOM'I-NA-TED, pp. Named 5 mentioned by name ; desig-
nated or proposed for an office or for election.
NOM'I-NATE-LY, adv. By name ; particularly.
NOM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Naming ; proposing for an office or
for choice by name.
NOM-I-Na'TION, n. ] . The act of naming or of nomina-
ting ; the act of proposing by name for an office. 2. The
power of nominating or appointing to office. .3. The state
of being nominated.
NOM'I-NA-TlVE, a. Pertaining to the name which pre-
cedes a verb, or to the first case of nouns.
NOM'I-NA-TiVE, n. In grammar, the first case of names
or nouns and of adjectives which are declinable.
NOM'I-NA-TOR, n. One that nominates.
NOM-I-NEE', n. 1. In law, the person who is named to
receive a copy-hold estate on surrender of it to the lord ;
the cestuy que use, sometimes called the surrenderee. 2.
A person named or designated by another. 3. A person
on whose life depends an annuity.
NOM-0-THET'I€, ) a. [Gr. voixoeeTrjs.] Legislative ;
NOM-0-THET'I-€AL, \ enacting laws.
NON, adv. FL.] Not. This word is used in the English
language as a prefix only, for giving a negative sense to
words ; as in mow-residence.
NON-A-BIL'1-TY, n. A want of ability ; in law, an excep-
tion taken against a plaintiff in a cause, when he is un-
able legally to commence a suit.
NON'AGE, 71. [nan and age.] Minority ; the time of life
before a person, according to the laws of his country, be-
comes of age to manage his own concerns.
NON'AGED, a. Not having due maturity ; being in nonage.
NON-A-GES'I-MAL, a. [L. nonagesimus.] Noting the 90th
degree of the ecliptic ; being in the highest point of the
ecliptic.
NON'A-GON, n. [L. nanus, and Gr. yoivia.] A figure hav-
ing nine si_des and nine angles, Bailey.
NON-AP-PeAR'ANCE, n. Default of appearance, as in
court, to prosecute or defend.
NON-AP-POINT'MENT, n. Neglect of appointment.
NON-AT-TEJND'ANCE, n. A failure to attend ; omission
of attendance.
NON-AT-TEN'TION, n. Inattention. Sjoift.
NON-BI-Tu'MI-NOUS, a. Containing no bitumen.
t NONCE, w. Purpose ; intent ; design. Spenser.
NON'-CLaIM, n. A failure to make claim within the time
limited by law ; omission of claim. Bailey.
NON-€OM-MuN'ION, n. Neglect or failure of communion.
NON-eOM-PLl'ANCE, n. Neglect or failure of compli-
ance.
NON-€OM-PLy'ING, a. Neglecting or refusing to comply.
NON COM'POS MEN'TIS, or NON COM'POS, [L.] Not
of sound mind ; not having the regular use of reason ; as
a noun, an idiot ; a lunatic.
NON-€0N-DU€T'ING, a. Not conducting ; not transmit-
ting another fluid.
NON-eON-DUC'TION, n. A non-conducting. Ure.
NON-€ON-DU€T'OR, n. A substance which does not con-
duct, that is, transmit another substance or fluid, or which
transmits it with difficulty.
NON-€ON-FORM'ING, a. Not joining in the established
religion.
NON-eON-FORM'IST, n. One who neglects or refuses to
conform to the rites and mode of worship of an estab-
lished church. Swift.
NON-€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Neglect or failure of con-
formity. 2. The neglect or refusal to unite with an estab-
lished church in its rites and mode of worship.
NON-€ON-Ta'GIOUS, a. Not contagious.
N0N-€0N-Ta'6I0US-NESS, n. The quality or state of
being not communicable from a diseased to a healthy
body.
NON-€0-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. Not being cotemporary,
or not of cotemporary origin. Journ. of Science.
NON-DE-S€RIPT', a. [L. non and descriptus.] That has
not been described.
NON-DE-S€RIPT', n. Any thing that has not been de-
scribed.
* NONE, a. [Sax. 7ian ; ne and ane.] 1. Not one. 2. Not
any ; not a part ; not the least portion. 3. It was formerly
used before nouns 3 as, none other. This use is obsolete ;
we now use no. 4. It is used as a substitute, the noun
being omitted. 5. In the following phrase, it is used for
nothing, or no concern. " Israel would none of me," that
is, Israel would not listen to me at all. 6. As a substitute,
7ioAie has a plural signification ; as, " terms of peace were
none vouchsafed."
NON-E-LECT', n. [L. tiow and eZectws.] One who is not
elected or chosen to salvation. Huntington.
N0N-E-LE€'TR1€, a. Conducting the electric fluid.
NON-E-LE€'TRie, n. A substance that is not an electric,
or which transmits the fluid ; as metals.
NON-EM-PHAT'I€, \ a. Having no emphasis 3 unem-
NON-EM-PHAT'I-CAL, \ phatic. Beattie.
NON-EN'TI-TY, n. 1. Non-existence; the negation of
being. Bevtley. 2. A thing not existing.
NON-E-PIS'eO-PAL, a. Not episcopal ; not of the episco-
pal church or denomination. J. M. Mason.
NON-E-PIS-€0-Pa'LI-AN, n. One who does not belong to
the episcopal church or denomination. J. M. Mason.
NoNES, n. plu. [L. nona.] 1. In the Roman calendar, the
fifth day of the months January, February, April, June,
August, September, November and December, and the
seventh day of March, May, July and October. The
nones were vine days from the ides. 2. Prayers, /ormerZy
so called. Todd.
NON-ES-SEN'TIAL, n. J\''on-essentials are things not es-
sential to a particular purpose. J. M. Mason.
*NoNE'SUCH, ?(. [??.owB and 5wc/t.] 3. An extraordinary
thing ; a thing that has not its equal. 2. A plant of the
genus lychnis. Lee.
NON-EX-E-€U'TION, 71. Neglect of execution ; non-per-
formance.
NON-EX-IST'ENCE, n. 1. Absence of existence ; the ne-
gation of being. 2. A thing that has no existence or being.
NON-EX-PoR-Ta'TION, n. A failure of exportation ; a
not exporting goods or commodities.
NO-NILL'ION, n. [L. nonus and million.] The number of
nine million millions.
NON-IM-PoR-Ta'TION, n. Want or failure of importa-
tion ; a. not importing goods.
NON-JURING, a. [L. non and juro.] Not swearing alle-
giance ; an epithet applied to the party in Great Britian
that would not swear allegiance to the Hanoverian family
and government.
NON-Ju'ROR, n. In Great Britain, one who refused to
take the oath of allegiance to the government and crown
of England at the revolution, when James II. abdicated
the throne, and the Hanoverian family was introduced.
NON-MAN-U-rA€iTUR-ING, a. Not carrying on manu-
factures. Hamilton.
N0N-ME-TAL'LI€, a. Not consisting of metal.
NON-NAT'U-RALS, n. In medicine, things which, by the
abuse of them, become the causes of disease.
NON'NY. The same as ninny.
NON-OB-SER VANCE, n. Neglect or failure to observe or
fulfil.
NON OB-STAN'TE. [L.; notwithstanding.] A "clause used
in statutes and letters patent. Encyc.
NON-PA-REIL', (non-pa-rel') n. [Fr. non and pareil | 1.
Excellence unequaled. 2. A sort of apple. 3. A sort of
printing type very small, and the smallest now used ex-
cept three.
NON-PA-REIL', (non-pa-rel') a. Having no equal ; peer-
NON-^Pa Y'MENT, n. Neglect of payment. S. E. Dwight.
NON'PLUS, n. [L. non and plus.] Puzzle ; insL';ierable
difficulty ; a state in which one is unable to proceeuw
NON'PLUS, V. t. To puzzle ; to confound ; to put to a
stand ; to stop by embarrassment. Dryden.
NON-PON-DER-OS'I-TY, n. Destitution of weight; levity
NON-PON'DER-OUS, a. Having no weight.
NON-PRO-DU€'TION, n. A failure to produce or exhibit.
NON-PRO-FI' CIEN-CY, n. Failure to make progress.
NON-PRO-Fl"CIENT, n. One who has failed to improve
or make progress in any study or pursuit.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH : TH as in this, y Obsolete
NOR
560
NOT
iVON PROS, [contraction of nolle prosequi, the plaintiff
will not prosecute.] It is used also as a verb.
JSfON-RE-GARD'ANCE, n. Want of due regard,
NON-REN-Dl'TION, n. Neglect of rendition ; the not
rendering wiiat is due.
NON-RE-SEM'BLANCE, n. Unlikeness ; dissimilarity.
NON-RES'I-DENCE, n. Failure or neglect of residing at
liiB place where one is stationed, or where official duties
require one to reside, or on one's own lands.
NON-RES'I-DENT, a. Not residing in a particular place,
on one's own estate, or in one's proper place.
NON-RES'I-DENT, n. One who does not reside on one's
own lands, or in the place where official duties require.
NON-RE-SIST'ANCE, n. The omission of resistance 5 pas-
sive obedience ; submission to authority.
NON-RE-SIST'ANT, a. Making no resistance to power or
oppression. Arbuthnot.
NON-SaNE', a. [L. non and sanus.'] Unsound ; not per-
fect,
NGN SENSE, n. 1. No sense ; words or language which
have no meaning, or vhich convey no just ideas ; ab-
surdity. 2 Trifles; thirgs of no impoilance.
N0N-SENS'I-€AL, a. Unmeaning ; absurd ; foolish,
NON-SENS'I-€AL-LY, adv. Absurdly ; without meaning.
NON-SENS'I-eAL-NESS, n. Jargon 3 absurdity ; that
which conveys no proper ideas,
NON-SENS'I-TiVE, a. Wanting sense or perception.
NON-SO-Lu'TION, n. Failure of solution or explanation.
NON-SOLV'EN-CY, n. Inability to pay debts.
NON-SOLVENT, a. Not able to pay debts ; insolvent.
NON-SPaR'ING, a. Sparing none; all-destroying 3 merci-
less. Shak.
NONSUCH. See Nonesuch.
NON'SuIT, 7!. In law, the default, neglect or non-appear-
ance of the plaintiff in a suit, wben called in court, by
which the plaintiff signifies his intention to drop the suit.
NON'SuIT, V. t. To determine or record that the plaintiff
drops his suit, on default of appearance when called in
court,_
NON'SuIT, a. Nonsuited. Tijng^s Rep.
NON'SuIT-ED, pp. Adjudged to have deserted the suit by
default of appearance ; as a plaintiff.
NON'SuIT-ING, ppr. Adjudging to have abandoned the
suit by non-appearance or other neglect.
NON-U'SANCE", (non-yu'zance) n. Neglect of use. Brown.
NON-U'SER, (non-yu'zer) n. 1, A not using 5 failure to
use ; neglect of official duty, 2, Neglect or omission
of use.
NOODLE, n. A simpleton. [A vulgar word.']
NHOK, n. A corner ; a narrow place formed by an angle in
bodies or between bodies. Milton.
NOON, n. [Sax, non ; D, noen.] 1. The middle of the day;
the time when the sun is in the meridian ; twelve o'clock,
2. Dryden used the word for midnigkt.
NOON, ff. Meridional, Young.
NOON'DaY, n. Mid-day ; twelve o'clock in the day,
NOON'DaY, a. Pertaining to mid-day ; meridional,
NOON'ING, n. Repose at noon ; sometimes, repast at noon.
NOON'STEAD, n. The station of the sun at noon,
NOON'TIDE, ri. The time of noon ; mid-day,
ISOON'TlDE, a. Pertaining to noon ; meridional,
* NOOSE, (nooz) 71, [Ir, nas.] A running knot, which
binds the closer the more it is drawn, Hudibras.
NOOSE, (nooz) v. t. To tie in a noose ; to catch in a
noose ; to entrap ; to insnare,
No'PAL, n. A plant of the genus cactus.
NOPE, n. A provincial name for the bullfinch. Dirt.
NOR, connective. \ne and or.'] 1, A word that denies or
renders negative the second or subsequent part of a prop-
osition, or a proposition following another negative propo-
rtion 3 correlative to neither or' not. — 2, JVcr sometimes
hegms a sentence, but in this case a negative proposition
has preceded it in the foregoing sentence. 3, In some
cases, usually in poetry, ne'dher is omitted, and the nega-
tion which it would express is included in nor. 4, Some-
times, in poetvTj, nor is used for neither, in the first part of
the proposition,
NORMAL, a. [L, normalis.] I, According to a square or
rule : perpendicular ; forming a right angle, 2, Accord-
ing to a rule or principle, 3. Relating to rudiments or
elements ; teaching rudiments or first principles,
NOil'MAN, n. In seamen's language, a short wooden bar
to .-'e thrust into a hole of the windlass, on which to fasten
The cable,
NOR'MAA^, 7), [north-man, or nord-man.] A Norwegian, or
a native of Normandy.
NOfJ'MAN, a. Pertaining to Normandv.
NOU'ROY, n. [north and roy.] The title of the third of the
three kings at arms or provincial heralds,
NOlITH, 71. [Sax. north ; G., Sw,, Dan, nord ; D, noord ; It,
no, te , Fr. nord.'^ One of the cardinal points, being that
point of the horizon which is directly opposite to the sun
in the meridian,
NORTH, a. Being in the north ; as, the north polar star.
NORTH-EAST', n. The point between tne north and easj,
at an equal distance from each.
NORTH-EAST', a. Pertainmg to the north-east, or proceed
ing from that point.
NORTH'ER-LY, a. Being towards the north, or nearer to-
wards the north than to any other cardinal point.
NORTH'ER-LY, adv. 1. Towards the north, 2, In a
northern direction, 3. Proceeding from a northern point
NORTH'ER::; , a. l. Being in the north, or nearer to that
point than to the east or west. 2. In a direction towards
the north, or a point near it.
t NORTH'ERN-LY, adv. Toward the north. Hakewill.
NORTHUNG, n. 1, The motion or distance of a planet
from the equator northward, 2, Course or distance north
waid of the equator,
NORTH'-STAR, n. The north polar star,
NORTH'WARD, a. [Sax, north and weard.] Being towards
the north,
NORTH'WARDS ( °''^^' Towards the north. Dryden.
NORTH-WEST', n. The point in the horizon between the
north and west, and equally distant from each,
NORTH-WEST', a. 1, Pertaining to the point between the
north and west ; being in the northwest, 2, Proceeding
from the northwest.
NORTH-AVEST'ERN, a. Pertaining to or being in the
northwest, or in a direction 10 the northwest.
NORTH'-WIND, n. The wind that blows from the north
Watts._
N0R-We'6I-AN, a. Belonging to Norway.
NOR-We'GI-AN, n. A native of Norway.
NOSE, n. [Sax. nose, ncesc, nase ; G. nase.] 1. The promi
nent part of the face which is the organ of smell, consist-
ing of two similar cavities called nostrils. 2, The end of
anything, 3, Scent; sagacity,— To lead by the nose, to
lead blindly, — To be led by the nose, to follow another
obsequiously, or to be led without resistance or inquiring
the reason, — To thrust one's nose into the affairs of others,
to meddle officiously in other people's matters ; to be a
busy-body, — To put one's nose out of joint, to alienate the
affections from another,
NOSE, V. t. 1. To smell ; to scent, Shak. 2. To face ; to
oppose to the face. JVood,
t NOSE, V. i. To look big ; to bluster. Shak.
NoSE'BLEED, n. 1, A hemorrhage or bleeding at the nose,
2, A plant of the genus achillea.
Nosed, «. I. Having a nose, 2. Having sagacity,
NOSE'-FISH, 71, A fish of the leather-mouthed kind, with
a flat blunt snout ; called, also, broad-snout.
NoSE'GaY, 7i, [7iose, and Celtic ^-eac] A bunch of flowers
used to regale the sense of smelling,
NoSE'LESS, a. Destitute of a nose, Shak.
NoSE'-SMART, n. A plant, nasturtium ; cresses,
NoSE'THRIL. See Nostril.
NOS'LE, n. A little nose ; the extremity of a thing. See
Nozzle.
NOS-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to nosology, or a sys-
tematic classification of diseases.
NO-SOL'0-GIST, J?. One who classifies diseases, aiTanges
them in order, and gives them suitable names.
NO-SOL'0-GY, n. [Gr, vocyos and Aoyoj.] 1. A treatise on
diseases, or a systematic arrangement or classification of
diseases. 2, That branch of medical science which treats
of the classification of (
NO-SO-PO-ET'I€, a. [Gr, voaog and Troteu).] Producing dis-
eases, [Little used.] Arbuthnot.
NOSTRIL, n. [Sax, nosethyrl, na;sethyrl.] An aperture or
passage through the nose. The nostrils are the passages
through which air is inhaled and exhaled in respiration.
NOS'TRUM, n. [L., from noster.] A medicine, the ingre
dients of which are kept seci-et for the purpose of restrict-
ing the profits of sale to the inventor or proprietor,
NOT, adv. [Sax, nakt, or no/it ; G, nicht ; Scot, nocht.] 1.
A word that expresses negation, denial or refusal. 2.
With the substantive verb, it denies being, or denotes ex
tinction of existence.
* NOT'A-BLE, a. [Fr, notable ; L, notabilis.] 1, Remark
able ; worthy of notice ; memorable ; observable ; distin-
guished or noted, 2. Active; industrious; careful. — 3,
In Scripture, conspicuous ; sightly, 4, Notorious, Matt.
xxvii, 5. Terrible. Acts ii. 6. Known or apparent.
Acts iv,
NOT'A-BLE, n. 1. In France, the nobles or persons of rank
and distinction were formerly called notables. 2, A thing
vv'oithy of observation,
* NOT'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1, Activity; industriousness ;
care ; [little used.] 2, Remarkableness,
* NOT'A-BLY, adv. 1, Memorably ; remarkably ; emi-
nentjy, 2, With show of consequence or importance
NO-Ta'RI-AL, a. 1, Pertaining to a notary, 2. Done or
taken by a notary,
No'TA-RY, n. ['L.notariv^.] 1, Primarily, a. person em-
ployed to take notes of contracts, trials and proceedings
♦See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ,— f Obsolete
NOT
561
NOV
in courts among the Romans. — 2. In modern usage, an
officer authorized to attest contracts or writings of any
kind, to give them the evidence of authenticity. This
officer is often styled notary public.
NO-Ta'TION, n. [L. notatio.] 1. The act or practice of re-
cording any thing by marks, figures or characters. 2.
Meaning ; signification ; [unusdal.]
NOTCH, 71. [qn.G. knicken.] 1. A hollow cut in any thing;
a nick ; an indentation. 2. An opening or narrow pas-
sage through a mountain or hill. United States.
NOTCH, V. t. To cut in small hollows. Pope.
NOTCH'-WEED, n. A plant called orach. Johnson.
j NOTE, for ne tcote, knew not, or could not. Chaucer
NOTE, n. [L. iiota ; Fr. note.] 1. A mark or token ; some-
thing by which a thing may be known ; a visible sign.
2. A mark made in a book, indicating something worthy
of particular notice. 3. A short remark ; a passage or ex-
planation in the margin of a book. 4. A minute, memo-
randum or short writing intended to assist the memory.
5. Notice ; heed. 6. Reputation ; consequence ; distinc-
tion. 7. State of being observed ; [l.u.] — 8. In mv^ic, a.
character which marks a sound, or the sound itself. 9.
Tune; voice; harmonious or melodious sounds. 10. Ab-
breviation; symbol. 11. A short letter; a billet. 12.
Annotation ; commentary. 13. A written or printed pa-
per acknowledging a debt and promising payment. — 14.
J\rotes, plu. a writing ; a written discourse ; applied
equally to minutes or heads of a discourse or argument, or
to a duicourse fully written. 15. A' diplomatic communi-
catioK in writing ; an official paper sent from one minister
or envoy to another.
NOTE, v.t. [L.noto.] 1. To observe ; to notice with par-
ticular care ; to heed ; to attend to. 2. To set down in
writing. 3. To charge, as with a crime ; [obs.]
t NOTE, V. t. [Sax. hnitan.] To butt ; to push with the
horns. Ray.
NoTE'-BOOK, n.,_'. A book in which memorandums are
written. 2. A book in which notes of hand are registered.
NoT'ED, pp. 1. Set down in writing. 2. Observed ; no-
ticed. 3 a. Remarkable ; much known by reputation or
report ; eminent ; celebrated.
NoT'ED-LY, adv. With observation or notice. Shak.
NoT'ED-NESS, n. Conspicuousness ; eminence ; celebrity.
NoTE'LESS, a. Not attracting notice ; not conspicuous.
NoT'ER, n. One who takes notice ; an annotator. Gregory.
NoTE'W6R-THY, a. Worthy of observation or notice.
*NOTH'ING, n. [710 and thiyig.] 1. Not anything, not
any being or existence ; a word that denies the existence
of any thing ; non-entity ; o^p^osedto something. 2. Non-
existence ; a state of annihilation. 3. Not any thing ; not
any particular thing, deed or event. 4. No other thing.
5. No part, portion, quantity or degree. 6. No import-
ance ; no value ; no use. 7. No possession of estate ; a
low condition. 8. A thing of no proportion to something,
or of trifling value or advantage. 9. A trifle ; a thing of
no consideration or importance. — To make nothing of , to
make no difficulty, or to consider as trifling, light or un-
important.
* NOTH'ING, adv. In no degree ; not at all. Milton.
*N0TH'ING-NESS,7i. 1. Nihility ; non-existence. Donne.
'2. Nothing ; a thing of no value. Hudibras.
No'TlCE, n. [Fr. ; L. notitia.] 1. Observation by the eye
or by the other senses. 2. Observation by the mind or
intellectual power. 3. Information ; intelligence by what-
ever means communicated ; knowledge given or received.
4. A paper that communicates information. 5. Atten-
tion ; respectful treatment ; civilitj'. 6. Remark ; obser-
vation.
No'TICE, V. t. 1. To observe ; to see. 2. To heed ; to re-
gard. 3. To remark ; to mention or make observations
on. Tooke. Hamilton. 4. To treat with attention and ci-
vilities. 5. To observe intellectually.
No'TiCE-A-BLE, a. That may be observed ; worthy of
observation. London Quart. Rev.
No'TiCED, pp. Observed ; seen ; remarked ; treated with
attention.
No'Tl-ClNG, ppr. Observing; seeing; regarding; remark-
ing on ; treating with attention.
No-TI-FI-Ca'TION, 7!. 1. The act of notifying, or giving
notice ; the act of making known. 2. Notice given in
words or writing, or by signs. .3. The writing which
communicates information ; an advertisement, citation,
&c.
No'TI-FlED, pp. 1. Made known ; applied to things. 2.
Informed by words, writing or other means ; applied to
persons.
NO'TI-FY, V. t. [Fr. notijier ,■ It. notlficare.] 1. To make
known ; to declare ; to publish. 2. To make known by
private communication ; to give information of. 3. To
give notice to ; to inform by words or writing, in person
or by message, or by any signs which are understood. U.
5. Journals of the Senate
NO'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Makmg Known ; giving notice to. '
No'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. notio.] 1. Conception ; mental ap-
prehension of whatever may be known or imagined. Ji
Sentiment ; opinion. 3. Sense ; understanding ; intel
lectual power ; [obs.] 4. Inclination ; in vulgar use.
No'TION- AL, a. 1. Imaginary ; ideal ; existing in idea
only ; visionary ; fantastical. Bentley. 2. Dealing in
imaginary things ; whimsical ; fanciful.
t NO-TION-AL'I-TY, n. Empty, ungrounded opinion.
No'TION-AL-LY, adv. In mental apprehension ; in con
ception ; not in reality. JVorris.
No'TION-IST, 71. One who holds to an ungrounded opin-
ion. Bp. Hopkins.
NO-TO-Rl'E-TY, n. [Fr. notoriete.l 1. Exposure to the
public knowledge ; the state of being publicly or generally
known. 2. Public knowledge.
NO-TO'RI-OUS, a. [It., Sp. notorio ; Fr. notoire.] 1. Pui-
licly known ; manifest to the world ; evident ; usually
known to disadvantage ; hence almost always used in an
ill sense. 2. Known, in a good sense. Shak.
N0-T6'RI-0US-LY, adv. Publicly ; openly ; in a manner
to be known or manifest. Swift.
NO-T6'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being open or
known ; notoriety.
fNOTT, a. [Sax. /mot.] Shorn. Chaucer.
t NOTT, V. t. To shear. Stowe.
No'TUS, 71. [L.] The south wind. Milton.
NOT'WHeAT, n. [Sax. hnot.] Wheat not bearded.
NOT-WITH-STAND'ING, [commonly, but not correctly,
classed among co7) junctions.] The participle of withstand,
with not prefixed, and signifying not opposing ; neverthe-
less. It retains, in all cases, its participial signification.
This word answers precisely to the Latin non obstante,
and both are used with nouns, or with substitutes for
nouns, for sentences or for clauses of sentences.
NOUGHT. See Naught.
fNOUL, n. [Hax. hnol.] The top of the head. Spenser.
fNOULD, ne would, would not. Spenser.
NOUN, n. [altered from L. 7!07?ie7i.] In ^ra7n7?tar, a name ;
that sound, or combination of sounds, by which a thing is
called, whether material or immaterial.
jNoUR'lCE, 71. [Fr.nounice.] A nurse. Sir T. Elyot.
NoUR'ISH, (nur'ish) v. t. [Fr. nourrir.] 1. To feed and
cause to grow ; to supply with nutriment. 2. To sup-
port ; to maintain by feeding. 3. To supply the means of
support and increase ; to encourage. 4. To cherish ; to
comfort. James v. 5. To educate ; to instruct ; to pro-
mote growth in attainments. 1 Tim. iv.
NoUR'ISH, (nur'ish) v. i. 1. To promote growth. 2. T*
gain nourishment.
t NoUR'ISH, ?u A nurse. Lydgate.
N6UR'ISH-A-BLE, (nur'ish-a-bl) a. Susceptible of nourish-
ment. Oreic.
NoUR'ISHED, (nur'isht) pp. Fed ; supplied with nutri-
ment ; caused to grow.
N6UR'ISH-ER, (nur'ish-er) n. The person or thing that
nourishes. Milton.
NoUR'ISH-ING, (nur'ish-ing) ^r. 1. Feeding; supplying
with aliment ; supporting with food. 2. a. Promoting
growth ; nutritious.
NoUR'ISH-MENT, (nur'ish-ment) n. 1. That which serves
to promote the growth of animals or plants, or to repair
the waste of animal bodies ; food ; sustenance ; nutri-
ment. 2. Nutrition ; support of animal or vegetable bod-
ies. 3. Instruction, or that which promotes growth in
attainments.
NoUR'I-TURE. See Nurture.
fNoURS'LE, V. t. To nurse up. Spenser.
NOURS'LING. See Nursling.
tN6US'LE,orN6US'EL, v. t. [corrupted from ?mrsie.] To
nurse up.
t NOUS'LE, or NOUS'EL, v. t. To insnare ; to entrap ; as
in a noose or trap.
NO-VA€'U-LlTE, 71. [L. novacula.] Razor-stone.
NO-Va'TIAN, 71. In church history, one of the sect of JVo-
vatus, or J^ovatianus.
NO-Va'TIAN-ISM, n. The opinions of the Novatians.
NO-Va'TION. See Innovation.
NO-Va'TOR. See Innovator.
NOVEL, a. [Ij. novellus ; It. novella; Sp. novel.] 1. New,
of recent origin or introduction ; not ancient ; hence, un-
usual. — 2. In tlie civil law, the 7iovel constitutions are
those which are supplemental to the code, and posterior
in time to the other books.— 3. In the common law, the
assize oi novel disseizin is an action in which the demand-
ant recites a complaint of the disseizin.
NOVEL, n. 1. A new or supplemental constitution or de-
cree. 2. A fictitious tale or narrative in prose, intended
to exhibit the operation of the passions, and particularly
of love.
NOVEL-ISM, 71. Innovation. {Little used.] Bering.
NOVEL-IST, n. 1. An innovator ; an assertor of novelty.
2. A writer of a novel or of novels. 3. A writer of nev7s ;
[obs.] Tatler.
fNOVEL-IZE, V. i. To mnovate.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;--BlJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH aa in «Aw. f Obsolete,
36
NUI
562
NUM
J\'OV'EL-TY n. Newness ; recentness of origin or intro-
duction. Hjoker.
NO-VEM'BER, 71. [L. from novein, nine ; the ninth month,
according to the ancient Romanyear, beginning in March.]
The eleventh month of the year.
* No'VEN-A-E,Y, n. [L. novenarius.] The number nine ;
nine collectively.
* NoVEN-A-RY. a. Pertaining to the number nine.
NO-VEN'NI-AL, a. [L. novem and annus.] Done every
ninth year. Potter.
NO-VER'€AL,a. [L.yioverca.] Pertaining to a step-mother j
in the manner of a step-mother.
NOV'iCE, n. [Fr. ; L. yiovitiiis.] 1. One w^ho is new in any
business 5 one unacquainted or unskilled ; one in the ru-
diments ; a beginner. 2. One that has entered a religious
house, but has not taken the vow ; a probationer. 3. One
newly planted in the church, or one newly converted to
the Christip.n faith.
NO-^^"TIATE, n. [Fr. noviciat.] I. The state or time of
learning rudiments. — 2. In religious houses, a year or
other time of probation for the trial of a novice.
t NO-Vi"TIOUS, a. [L. novitius.] Newly-invented.
fNOVI-TY, 71. [L. novitas.] Newness. Brown.
NOW, adv. [Sax., D., Sw., Dan., Goth. ?m.] 1. At the
present time. 2. A little while ago ; very lately. 3. At
one time ; at another time. 4. J'/ow sometimes expresses
or implies a connection between the subsequent and pre-
ceding proposition ; often it introduces an inference or an
es;planation of what precedes. 5. After this ; things being
so. 6. In supplication, it appears to be somewhat em-
phatical. 7. JVom sometimes refers to a particular time
past, specified or understood, and may be defined, at that
time ; as, he was ncc sensible of his mistake. — Jv'ow and
then. 1. At one time and another, indefinitely ; occasion-
ally ; not often ; at intervals. 2. Applied to places which
appear at intervals or in succession.
NOW, 7!. The present time or moment.
NOW-A-DaYS, adv. In this age. Oarrick.
No'WaY, ) adv. [no and tcay.] In no manner or de-
No'WaYS, \ gree.
NOWED, a. [Fr. none.] Knotted ; tied in a knot ; used in
heraldry. Encyc.
t NOW'EL, 71. [Fr. noel.] A shout of joy or Christmas song.
Chaucer.
t NO WES, 71. [Fr. 710M.] The marriage knot. Crashaw.
No'WHERE, adv. [no and where.] Not in any place or
state.
No' WISE, adv. [no and wise ; often, by mistake, written
noways.] Not in any manner or degree.
NOX'IOUS, (nok'shus) a. [L. noxius.] 1. Hurtful; harm-
ful ; baneful ; pernicious ; destructive ; unwholesome ;
insalubrious. 2. Guilty ; criminal. 3. Unfavorable ; in-
jurious.
NOX'IOUS-LY, adv. Hurtfully ; perniciously.
NOX'IOUS-NESS, n. 1. Hurtfulness ; the quality that in-
jures, impairs or destroys ; insalubrity. 2. The quality
that corrupts or perverts.
NOY, NOY'ANCE, NOY'ER, NOY'FUL, NO^'OUS,
NOY'SANCE. See Annoy and Nuisance.
NOY'AU, (noy'o) ?i. A rich cordial.
NOZ'LE, ) n. [from 7iose.] The nose ; the extremity of
NOZ'ZLE, \ any thmg ; the snout.
jNUB'BLE, v.t. [for knubble.] To beat or bruise with the
fist. Ainsworth.
NU-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. iiuUfer.] Bringing or producing
clouds. Did.
tNtF'BI-LATE, v. t. [L. nuhilo.] To cloud.
Nu'BlLE, a. [Fr. ; L. mihilis.] Marriageable 5 of an age
suitable for maniage. Prior.
Nu'BIL-OUS, a. [L. nubilus.] Cloudy.
Pro-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. nux and/ero.] Bearing nuts.
NU'CLE-US, 71. [L.] 1. Properly, the kernel of a nut ; but
in usage, any body about which matter is collected. 2.
The body of a comet, called, also, its head, which appears
to be surrounded with light.
NU-Da'TION, 71. [L. nudatio.] The act of stripping or
making bare or naked.
NUDE, a. [L. nudus.] 1. Bare.— 2. In law, void ; of no
force.
NU'DI-TY, 71. [L. nuditas.] 1. Nakedness.— 2. JVudities,
in the plural, naked parts which decency requires to be
concealed. — 3. In painting and sculpture, the naked parts
of the human figure, or parts not covered with drapery.
N U'DUM PACTUM. [L.] In law, an agreement that is
void or not valid according to the laws of the land.
NU-GAC'I-TY, 71. [L. nugax, ] Futility ; trifling talk or be-
havior. Jilore.
NU-Ga'TION, 7!. [L.nugor.] The act or practice of trifling.
[Little used.] Bacon.
Nu'GA-TO-RY, a. [L. nugatorius.] 1. Trifling ; vain ; fu-
tile ; insignificant. Bentley. 2. Of no force ; inoperative ;
ineffectual.
NuI'SANCE, I 71. [Fr. nuisance.] 1. That which annoys
Nu'SANCE, \ or gives trouble and vexation ; that which I
is offensive or noxious.— 2. In law, that which incom-
modes or annoys ; something that produces inconvenience
or damage.
NUL, in law, signifies 710, not any ; els, nul disseizin.
NULL, V. t. [L. nullas.] To annul ; to deprive of validity ;
to destroy. [J^Tot much used.] See Annul.
NULL, a. [L. nullus.] Void ; of no legal or binding force
or validity ; of no efficacy ; invalid.
t NULL, 71. Something that has no force or meaning.
fNUL-LI-Bl'E-TY, n. [h. nullibi.] The state of bemg no-
where.
[ NUL-LI-FIDT-AN, a. [L. nullus and fides.] Of no faith ;
of no religion or honesty. Feltham.
NUL'LI-FIED, pp. i\lade void.
NUL'LI-FY, v. t. [L. nullus and facio.] To annul ; to
make void ; to render invalid ; to deprive of legal force or
efficacy.
NUL'LI-TY, 71. [Fr. nullite.] I. Nothingness; want of
existence. 2. Want of legal force, validity or efficacy.
NUMB, (num) a. [Sax. numen.] 1. Torpid ; destitute of
the power of sensation and motion, 2. Producing numb-
ness ; benumbing ; [obs,]
NUMB, (num) v. t. To make torpid ; to deprive of the
power of sensation or motion ; to deaden ; to benumb 3 to
stupefy.
NUj^IBED, (numd) pp. Rendered torpid.
t NUMB'ED-NESS, 71. Torpor; interruption of sensation.
NUM'BER, 71. [Fr. nombre ; L. numerus.] 1. The designa-
tion of a unit in reference to other units, or in reckoning,
counting, enumerating. 2. An assemblage of two or more
units. 3. More than one ; many. 4. Multitude. — 5. In
poetry, measure ; the order and quantity of syllables con-
stituting feet, which render verse musical to the ear. 6
Poetry ; verse. — 7. In grammar, the difference of termina-
tion or form of a word, to express unity or plurality. — 8.
In mathematics, number is variously distinguished. — Car-
dinal numbers are those which express the amount of
units ; as, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.— Ordinal numbers
are those which express order; as, first, second, third,
fourth, &c.
NUM'BER, V. t. [L. munero,] 1. To count ; to reckon ; to
ascertam the units of any sum, collection or multitude.
2. To reckon as one of a collection or multitude ; as, "he
was numbered with the transgressors." Is. liii.
NUM'BERED, pp. Counted ; enumerated.
NUM'BER-ER, n. One that numbers.
t NUjM'BER-FUL, a. Many in number.
NUM'BER-ING, ppr. Counting ; ascertaining the units of a
multitude or collection.
NUM'BER-LESS, a. That cannot be counted ; innumera-
ble. Milton.
NUM'BERg!, n. The title of the fourth book of the Penta-
teuch.
NUMB'ING, (num'ming) ppr. Making torpid.
NUIM'BLES, 71. [Fr. nombles.] The entrails of a deer.
NUMB'NESS, (num'nes) n. Torpor ; that state of a living
body in which it has not the power of feeling.
Nu'MER-A-BLE, a. [L. numerabilis.] That may be num-
bered or counted.
Nu'MER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. numeralis.] 1. Pertaining to num-
ber ; consisting of number. 2. Expressing number ; rep-
rese)iting number; standing as a substitute for figures.
3. Expressing numbers.
Nu'MER-AL, 71. A numeral character or letter. Astle.
Nu'MER-AL-LY, adv. According to number ; in number.
NC'MER-A-RY, a. Belonging to a certam number.
NtJ'MER-ATE, r. t. To count or reckon in numbers ; to
calculate. Lancaster.
NU-MER-a'TION, n. [L. numeratio.] 1. The act or art of
numbering. — 2. In anthmetic, notation ; the art of ex-
pressing in characters any number proposed in words.
Nu'MER-A-TOR, n. [L.] I. One that numbers.— 2. In
arithmetic, the number in vulgar fractions which shows
how many parts of a unit are taken.
NU-MER'[€, ) a. [It numerico ,• Fr. numcrique,] L Be-
NU-MER'I-CAL, \ longing to number ; denoting number ;
consisting in numbers. — 2. J\''umerical difference is that
by which one individual is distinguished from another.
NU-MER'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. In numbers. 2. With respect
tonumber or sameness in number.
t Nu'MER-IST, 71. One that deals in numbers.
t NU-MER-OS'I-TY, n. The state of being numerous.
Nu'MER-OUS, a. [L. numerostis.] 1. Being many, or con-
sisting of a great number of individuals. 2. Consisting of
poetic numbers ; melodious ; musical.
Nu'MER-OUS-LY, adv. In great numbers.
Nu'MER-OUS-NESS, 7i. 1. The quality of being numerous
or many ; the quality of consisting of a great number of
individuals. 2. The quality of consisting of poetic num-
bers ; melodiousness ; musicalness.
NU-MIS-MAT'ie, a. [L. numisma.] Pertaining to money,
coin or medals.
* NU MIS-MAT'I€S, 71. The science of coins and medals.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
o
563
O
NU-MIS-MA-T'.L'0-6IST, n. One versed in the knowl-
edge of coins and medals.
NU-MIS-MA-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. vo/tta/za and Xoyos.] The
branch of historical science which treats of coins and
medals.
NUM'MA-RY, ) a. [L. jiummus.] Pertaining to coin or
NUM'MU-LAR, ] money. j3rbut/inot.
NUM'MU-LlTE, 7i. [L,. nummus.] Fossil remains of a cham-
bered shell of a flattened form, formerly mistaken for
money.
fNUMPS, n. A dolt J a blockhead. Parker.
NUM'SKULL, 11. [numb and skull.] A dunce ; a dolt ; a
stupid fellow. Prwr.
NUM'SKULLED, a. Dull in intellect ; stupid ; doltish.
NUN, 71. [Sax., Dan. nunne ; D. non ; G. nonne; Sw. nun-
iia ; Fr. noiine.] A woman devoted to a religious life, and
who lives in a cloister or nunnery.
NUN, n. 1. A web-footed fowl of the size of a duck, with
a white head and neck. 2. The blue titmouse.
NUN'CHION, 71. A portion of food taken between meals.
.dins7corth.
NUN'CI-A-TURE.(nun'she-a-ture)7!.Theofficeofanuncio.
NUN'CI-0, (nun'sne-o) n. [It. nunzio ; L. nuncius.] J. An
embassador from the pope to some catholic prince or state.
2. A messenger ; one who brings intelligence.
fNUN'eU-PATE, r. ^ [I^. 7iuncupo.] To declare publicly
or solemnlv. Barrow.
NUN-€U-Pa'TION,- n. A naming. Clmucer.
NUN-€u'PA-TlVE, ) a. [It. nun cup ativo ; Fr. nuncupatlf.]
NUN-€d'PA-TO-RY, \ 1. Nominal ; existing only in
name. 2. Publicly or solemnly declaratory. 3. Verbal ;
not written.
NUN'DI-NAli, ) a. [L. nundinalis.] 1. Pertaining to a
NUN'DI-NA-RY, \ fair or to a market day. 2. A mindi-
nal letter, among the Romans, was one of the eight first
letters of the alpliabet, which were repeated successively
from the first to the last day of the year.
NUN'DI-NAL, n. A nundinal letter.
t NUN'DI-NATE, i\ i. To buy and sell at fairs.
t NUN-DI-Na'TION, 7!. Traflick in faks.
NUN-Na'TION, 7!. In Arabic grammar, from the name of
Jf, the pronunciation of n at ihe end of words.
NUN'NER-Y, 71. A house in which nuns reside.
NUPTIAL, a. [L. nuptialis.] 1. Pertaining to marriage ;
done at a wedding. 2. Constituting marriage.
NUP'TIALS, 71. plu. Marriage, which see. Dryden.,
NURSE, (nurs) 71. [Fr. 7iourrice.] 1. A woman that has
the care of infants, or a woman employed to tend the
children of others. 2. A woman who suckles infants. 3.
A woman that has the care of a sick person. 4. A man
who has the care of the sick. 5. A person that breeds,
educates or protects ; hence, that which breeds, brings up
or causes to grow. 6. An old woman ; in contempt. 7.
The state of being nursed. — 8. In composition, that which
supplies food.
NURSE, (nurs) v. t. 1. To tend, as infants. 2. To suckle ;
to nourish at the breast. 3. To attend and take care of
in child-bed. 4. To tend the sick. 5. To feed ; to main-
tain ; to bring up. Is. Ix. 6. To cherish ; to foster ; to
encourage; to promote growth in. 7. To manage with
care and economy, with "a view to increase.
NURSED, pp. Tended in infancy or sickness ; nourished
from the breast ; maintained ; cherished.
NURS'ER, 7i. One that cherishes or encourages growth.
NURS'ER-Y, 71. 1. The place or apartment in a house ap-
propriated to the care of children. 2. A plantation of
young trees. 3. The place where any thing is fostered
and the growth promoted. 4. That which forms and ed-
ucates. 5. The act of nursing ; [little used.] 6. That
which is the object of a nurse's care.
NURS'ING, ppr. Tending; nourishing at the breast ; edu-
catins ; maintaining.
NURS'LING, 71. 1. An infant ; a child. 2. One that is
nursed.
NURT'URE, 71. [Fr. nourriture.] 1. That which nour-
ishes ; food ; diet. 2. That which promotes growth ; ed-
ucation ; instruction.
NURT'URE, V. t. 1. To feed ; to nourish. 2. To educate ;
to bring or train up. Wotton.
Nu'SANCE. See Nuisance.
NUS'TLE, V. t. To fondle ; to cherish. Ainsxcortk.
NUT, n. [Sax. hnut.] 1. The fmit of certain trees and
shrubs, consisting of a hard shell inclosing a kernel —2.
In meckanics, a small cylinder or other body, with teeth
or projections corresponding with the teeth or grooves
of a wheel. 3. The projection near the eye of an an-
chor.
NUT,r. f. To gather nuts. Wood.
NU-Ta'TION, n. [L. nutatio.] In astronomy, a kind of
tremulous motion of the axis of the earth, by which, in its
annual revolution, it is twice inclined to the ecliptic, and
as often returns to its former position.
NUT^BREaK-ER. See Nutcracker.
NUT'-BROWN, a. Brown as a nut long kept and dried.
NUT'-€RA€K-ER, 7!. 1. An instrument for cracking nuts
2. A bird of the genus corvus ; the nut-breaker.
NUT'GALL, 77. An excrescence of the oak. Brazen.
NUT'-HATCH, 7i. The common name of birds of tZie ge-
nus sitta.
NUT'-HOOK, 7t. A pole with a hook at the end to pull
down boughs for gathering the nuts ; also, the name given
to a thief that stole goods from a window by means of a
hook.
NUT'JOB-BER, or NUT'PE€K-ER, n. A bird. Ainsworth.
jNUT'MEG, n. [L. nux mosckata.] The fruit of a tree of
the genus myristica, growing in the isles of the East Indies
and South Sea
tNU-TRI-€A'TlON, 71. Manner of feeding or being fed.
Nu'TRI-ENT, a. [L. nutrio.] Nourishing 3 promoting
growth.
NU'TRI-ENT, 71. Any substance which nourishes by
promoting the growth or repEuring the waste of animal
bodies.
NU'TRI-MENT, n. [L. nutrimentum.] I. That which nour^
ishes ; food ; aliment. 2. That which promotes enlarge
ment or improvement.
NU-TRI-MENT'AL, a. Having the qualities of food • ali
mental.
NU-TRl'TION, 71. [L. nutritio.l, 1. The act or process
of promoting the growth or repauing the waste of ani-
mal bodies ; the act or process of promoting growth in
vegetables. 2. That which nourishes ; nutriment.
NU-TRi''TIOUS, a. Nourishing ; promoting the growth or
repairing the waste of animal bodies.
Nu'TRI-TiVE, a. Having the quality of nourishing ; nu-
trimental ; alimental.
tNu'TRI-TURE, 71. The quality of nourishing.
NUT'-SHELL, n. 1. The hard shell of a nut ; the covering
of the kernel. 2. A thing of little compass or of little
value.
NUT-TREE, n. A tree that bears nuts.
NUZ'ZLE, V. t. To nurse ; to foster. [ Vulgar.]
jNUZ'ZLE, v. t. [qu. from nose, or noursle.] To hide the
head, as a child in the mother's bosom. Bailey.
NUZ'ZLE, V. t. To nestle ; to house as in a nest.
NUZ'ZLE, V. i. To go with the nose near the ground, or
thrusting the nose into the ground like a swine.
NY€'TA-LOPS, n. [Gr. vvicTa\wip.] 1. One that sees best
in the night. 2, One who loses his sight as night comes
on, and remains blind till morning.
NY€'TA-LO-PY, 7!. 1. The faculty of seeing best in dark-
ness, or the disorder from which this faculty proceeds. —
2. In present usage, the disorder in which the patient loses
his sight as night approaches, and remains blind till morn-
ing.
NyE, 77. A brood or flock of pheasants.
NYL'GAU, 77. A quadruped of the genus bos.
NYMPH, 77. [L. nympha ; Gr. vv/jKprj.] 1. In mythology, a
goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows and waters. —
2. In poetry, a lady.
NYMPH, I n. Another name of the pupa, chrysalis, or au-
NYMPH'A, \ relia.
NYM-PHe'AN, a. Pertaining to nymphs 5 inhabited by
nj'mphs. Faber.
NYMPH'I-OAL, a. Pertaining to nymphs.
NYMPH'ISH, a. Relating to nymphs ; ladylike. Drayton.
NYMPH'LiKE,
NYMPH'LY,
a. Resembling nymphs.
t NYSj [7ie and is.] None is ; is not. Spenser.
O.
Ois the fifteenth letter, and the fourth vowel, in the
English Alphabet. It has a long sound, as in tone, hone,
roll, droll: a short sound, as in lot, plod, rod; and the
souTid of 00, or the Italian u, and French ou, as in move,
prove. This sound is shortened in words ending in a close
articulation, as in book, foot.
As a numeral, O was sometimes used by the ancients for 11,
and, with a dash over it, o, for 11,000.
Among the IHsh, O, prefixed to the name of a family, de-
notes progeny, or is a character of dign ty ; as, O'Neil.
O is often used as an exclamation, expressing a wish ; as, 0,
were he present. Dryden.
• See Sjpiopsis. MOVE. BQQK, DoVE ;— BULL. UNITE.— € as K ; <5 as J ; » as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
UBE
5G4
OBJ
O. S. stands for old style.
oAF, n. [said to be a corruption of mipn.j 1, A changeling ;
a foolisli child left by fairies in the place of another. 2.
_ A dolt ; an idiot ; a blockhead.
OAFISH, a. Stupid ; dull ; doltish. [Little used.]
oAF-ISH-NESt3,7!. Stupidity; dullness; folly. [L. u.]
OAK, n. [Sax. ac, tec] A tree of the genus quercus.
OAK'-AP-PLE, n. A kind of spungy excrescence on oak
leaves or tender branches, &c.; called, also, oak leaf gall,
_ or gall-nut.
OAK'EN, (6'kn) a. 1. Made of oak, or consisting of oak. 2.
Composed of branches of oak. Addison.
OAK'EN-PIN, 71. An apple ; so called from its hardness.
OAK'LING, 71. A young oak. Evehjn.
OAK'UM, n. [Sax. acemba, cBCiLinbe.] The substance of old
ropes untwisted and pulled into loose hemp.
OAK'Y, a. [from oak.] Hard ; firm ; strong. Hall.
OAR, n. [Sax. ar.] An instrument for rowing boats.— To
boat the oars, in seamanshiji, to cease rowing and lay the
oars in the boat.— To ship the oars, to place them in the
row-locks.— Z'o unship the oars, to take them out of the
_ row-locks.
O AR, v.i. To row. Pope.
6AR, V. t. To impel by rowing. Shak
OAR'Y, a. Having the form or use of an oar. Milton.
O'A-SIS, n. A fertile spot surrounded by an arid desert.
6AST, OST,orOUST,7!. [qu. Gr.£crr£a,orL.MSiM^.] A kiln
to dry hops or malt. Mortimer.
OAT, 71.. [Sax. a^e.] A plant of the genus aTjeTia. The word
is commonly used in the plural, oats. The meal of this
grain, oatmeal, forms a considerable and very valuable
article of food for man in Scotland, and every where oats
are excellent food for horses and cattle.
oAT'eAKE, n. A cake made of the meal of oats.
OAT'EN, (o'tn) a. 1. Made of oatmeal ; as, oaten cakes.
2, Consisting of an oat straw or stem ; as, an oaten pipe.
Milton.
OATH, 71. [Sax. ath.] A solemn affirmation or declaration,
made with an appeal to God for the truth of what is af-
firmed.
1 6ATH'A-BLE, a. Capable of having an oath administer-
ed to.
oATH'BREaK-ING, n. The violation of an oath ; perjury.
OAT'MALT, n. Malt ihade of oats. Mortimer.
OAT'MeAL, 71. 1. Meal of oats produced by grinding or
pounding. Gay. 2. A plant ; [obs.]
t Ox\T'THIS-TLE, n. A plant. Ainsworth.
OB, a Latin preposition, signifies, primarily, in front, be-
fore, and hence against, towards ; as in objicio, to object,
that is, to throw against. It has also the force of m or on ,•
as in obtrude. — In composition, the letter b is often changed
into the first letter of the word to which it is prefixed ;
as in occasion, offer, oppose.
t OB-AM'BU-IjATE, v. i. [L. obambulo.] To walk about.
t OB-AM-BU-La'TION, n. A walking about. Diet.
OB-BLI-Ga'TO, a. [It.] A term in mu^ic, signifying on
purpose for the instrument named. Cyc.
OB-€ORD'ATE, a. [L. ob and cor.] In botany, shaped like
a heart, with the apex downward.
OB-DOR-Mi"TION, n. [L. obdormio.] Sleep ; sound sleep.
[Little used.] Hall.
OB-DiJCE', V. t. [L. obduco.] To draw over, as a covering.
[Little 'iised.] Hale.
t OB-DU€T', V. t. [L. obduco.] To draw over ; to cover.
OB-DU€'TION, n. ['L.^bductio.] The act of drawing over,
as a covering ; the act of laying over. [Little used.J
* OB'DU-RA-CY, 7». Invincible hardness of heart; impen-
itence that cannot be subdued ; inflexible persistency in
sm ; obstinacy in wickedness.
* OB'DU-RATE, a. [L. obduro.] 1. Hardened in heart ;
inflexiblv hard ; persisting obstinately in sin or impeni-
tence. 2. Hardened against good or favor ; stubborn ;
unyielding ; inflexible. 3. Harsh ; rugged. [L. u.] Sicifi.
f OB'DU-RATE, v. t. To harden. More.
* OB'DU-RATE-LY, adv. Stubbornly ; inflexibly ; with ob-
stinate impenitence.
* OB'DU-RATE-NESS, n. Stubbornness ; inflexible persist-
ence in sin.
OB-DU-Ra'TION, 71. The hardening of the heart ; hardness
of heart; stubbornness. Hooker.
OB-DURE', V. t. 1 L. obduro.l 1. To harden ; to render
obstinate in sin ; [l. u.] 2. To render inflexible ; [I. u.]
OB-DtJR'ED, (ob-durd') pp. or a. Hardened ; inflexible ; im-
penitent.
OB-DUR'ED-NESS, (ob-durd'nes) n. Hardness of heart ;
stubbornness. . ., ^
* O-BE'DI-ENCE, n. [Fr.; L. obedientia.] Complmnce with
a command, prohibition or known law and rule of duty
prescribed ; the performance of what is required or en-
joined by authority, or the abstaining from what is pro-
hibited, in compliance with the command of prohibi-
tion. Obedience is not synonymous with obsequiousness ,•
the 'latter often implying meanness or servility, and
obedience being merely a proper submission to authority.
O-Be'DI-ENT, a. [L. obedicns.] Submissive to authority ^
yielding compliance with commands, orders or injunc-
. tions; performing what is required, or abstaining from
what is forbid.
* O-BE-DI-EN'TIAL, a. [Fr. obedienciel.] According to the
rule_of obedience ; in compliance with commands.
* O-Be'DI-ENT-LY, adv. With obedience ; with due sub
mission to commands. Tillotson.
* 0-BeI'SANC£, 71. [Fr. obeissance.] A bow or courtesy ,
an act of reverence made by an inclination of the body oi
the knee.
OB-E-LIS'€AL, a. In the form of an obelisk. Stukeley.
OB'E-LISK, n. [L. obeliscus.] 1. A truncated, quadrangu
lar and slender pyramid intended as an ornament. — ^2. In
icriting and printing, a reference or mark referring the
reader to a note in the margin, thus, f- It is used also for
designating obsolete words, or for other purposes.
t 0-BEa'UI-TATE, v. i. [L. obequito.] To ride about.
t O-BEQ-UI-Ta'TION, 7i. The act of riding about.
OB-ER-Ra'TION, n. [L. oberro.] The act of wandering
about. [Little v^ed.] Johnson.
O-BeSE', a. [L. ohesiLs.] Fat ; fleshy. [Little used.]
O-BeSE'NESS, ) n. [L. obesitas.] Fatness ; fleshiness ; m-
O-BES'I-TY, \ cumbrance of flesh.
O-BEYi, (o-ba.') v. t. [Fr. obeir.] 1. To comply with the
commands, orders or instructions of a superior, or with
the requirements of law. 2. To submit to the government
of; to be ruled by. 3. To submit to the dkection or con-
trol of. 4. To yield to the impulse, power or opera-
tion of.
0-BEY'ED, (o-bade') pp. Complied with ; performed ; as a
command ; yielded to.
O-BEY'ER^ n. One who yields obedience.
O-EEYTNG, ppr. Complying with commands ; submit-
ting to.
t OB-FiRM', ) V. t. To make firm ; to harden in reso-
t OB-FiRM' ATE, J lution. Hall.
OB-FUS'€ATE, v. t. [L. ob and fusco.] To darken ; to ob-
scure. Waterhouse.
OB-FUS'CA-Te'd PP' ^^rkened in color. Shenstone.
OB-FUS-€a'TION, n. The act of darkening or rendering
obscure ; a clouding.
OB'IT, 71. [L. obiit, oblvit.] Properly, death ; decease ;
hence, funeral solemnities or anniversary service for the
soul of the deceased on the day of his death.
0-BIT'U-AL, a. [L. cbitits.] Pertaining to obits, or the days
when funeral solemnities are celebrated. Encvc.
0-BIT'U-A-RY, 71. [Fr. obiticaire.] 1. A list of the dead,
or a register of obitual anniversary days, when service is
performed for the dead. 2. An account of pei-sons de-
ceased.
O-BIT'U-A-RY, a. Relating to the decease of a person.
OB'JECT, n. [Fr. objet ; L. objectum.] 1. That atout
which any power or faculty is employed, or something
apprehended or presented to the mind by sensation or im-
agination. 2. That to whicli the mind is dhected for ac-
complishment or attainment ; end ; ultimate purpose. 3.
Something presented to the senses or the mind, to excite
emotion, affiection or passion. — 4. In grammar, that which
is produced, influenced or acted on by something else ;
that which follows a transitive verb.
OB'JECT-GLASS, n. In a telescope or microscope, the glass
placed at the end of a tube next the object.
OB-JEOT', B. t. [Li. objicio.] 1. To oppose; to present in
opposition. 2. To present or offer in opposition. 3. To
offer ; to exhibit ; [little used.]
OB-JECT', V. i. To oppose in words or arguments ; to ofler
reasons against.
t OB-JECT', a. Opposed ; presented in opposition.
OB-JE€T'A-BLE, a. That may be opposed. Taylor.
OB-JE€'TION, 7?. [L. objectio.] 1. The act of objecting
2. That which is presented m opposition ; adverse rea-
son or argument. 3. That which may be offered in op
position ; reason existing, though not off'ered, against
a measure or an opinion. 4. Criminal charge ; fault
found.
OB-JE€'TION-A-BLE, a. Justly liable to objections ; such
as mav be objected against.
OB-JE€T'lVE, a. [Fr. objectif.] 1. Belonging to the object;
contained in the object. — 2. In grammar, the objective
case is that which follows a transitive verb or a preposi-
tion.
OB-JECT'lVE-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of an object.
Locke. 2. In the state of an object. Brown.
OB-JECT'iVE-NESS, n. The state of being an object.
OB-JE€T'OR, 71. One that objects ; one that offers argu-
ments or reasons in opposition to a proposition or meas-
ure.
tOB-JUR'GATE, v. t. [L. ohjurgo.] To chide ; to reprove.
OB-JUR-Ga'TION, 71. [L. objurgatio.] The act of chiding
by way of censure ; reproof^ reprehension. [Little v^ed.]
OB-JUR'GA-TO-RY, a. Containing censure or reproof; cul-
patory. [Little tised.] Howell.
See Smopsis. a, E, i, O, V, Y, long.-^FKR, FALL, WH^T ;-PREY ;-PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;- t Obsolete
OBL
565
OBS
OB-La'DA, n. A fish of the spams kind.
OB-LaTE', a. [L. ohlatus-l Flattened or depressed at the
poles. Ckeijne.
OB-LaTE'NESS, n. The quality or state of being oblate.
OB-La'TION, n. [L. oblatio.] Any thing offered or pre-
sented in worship or sacred service ; an offering ; a sacri-
fice.
t OB-La'TION-EK,, n. One who makes an offering as an
act of worship or reverence.
t OB-LEC'TATE, v. t. [L. oblecto.] To delight.
OB-LEe-TA'TION, n. The act of pleasing highly ; delight.
Felthajn.
OB'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. oUigo.] To bind, as one's self, in a
moral and legal sense ; to impose on, as a duty which the
law or good faith may enforce. Churchill.
OB'LI-GA-TED, pp. Bound by contract or promise.
OB'LI-GA-TING, ppr. Bound by covenant, contract, prom-
ise or bond
OB-LI-Ga'TIO]\, 71. [L. obligatio.] 1. The binding power
of a vow. promise, oath or contract, or of law, civil, po-
litical or moral, independent of a promise ; that which
constitutes legal or moral duty, and which renders a per-
son liable to coercion and punishment for neglecting it.
2. The binding force of civility, kindness or gratitude,
when the performance of a duty cannot be enforced by
law. 3. Any act by which a person becomes bound to do
something to or for another, or to forbear something. — 4.
In law, a bond with a condition annexed, and a penalty
for non-fulfilment.
OB-LI-Ga'TO. See Obbligato.
OB'LiI-GA-TO-RY, a. Binding in law or conscience ; impos-
ing duty ; requiring performance or forbearance of some
act.
*0-BLlGE', V. t. [Fr. obliger ; L. obligo.] 1. To constrain
by necessity ; to compel by physical force. 2. To con-
strain by legal force ; to bind in law. 3. To bind or con-
strain by moral force. 4. To bind in conscience or hon-
or ; to constrain by a sense of propriety. 5. To do a favor
to ; to lay under obligation of gratitude. 6. To do a favor
to ; to please ; to gratify. 7. To indebt.
* 0-^Ll6'ED, (o-birjd') pp. Bound in duty or in law ; com-
pelled ; constrained ; favored ; indebted.
OB-LI-GEE', n. The person to whom another is bound, or
the person to whom a bond is given.
* O-BLIGE'MENT, n. Obligation. [Little used.'] Dryden.
*0-BLl'GER, n. One that obliges,
* 0-BLl'6lNG, ppr. 1. Binding in law or conscience ; com-'
pelling; constraining. 2. Doing a favor to.
* O-BLI'GING, a. [Fr. obligeant.] Having the disposition to
do favors, or actually conferring tliem.
* O-BLl'GING-LY, adv. With civility ; kindly ; complai-
santly.
* 0-BLl'GING-NESS, n. 1. Obligation ; [little used.] 2.
Civility ; complaisance ; disposition to exercise kindness.
OB-LI-GOR', n. The person who binds himself or gives his
bond to another. Blackstone.
OB-LI-aUA'TION, n. [L. obliquo.] 1. Declination from a
straight line or course ; a turning to one side. 2. Deviation
from moral rectitude.
* OB-LiaUE', ) ,. ..... S a. [ L. obliqmis ; Fr. oblique.]
* OB-LIKE', \ (oD-JiKe; j j_ Deviating from a right
line ; not direct ; not perpendicular ; not parallel ; aslant.
2. Indirect ; by a side glance. Shak. — 3. In grammar, an
ohliqiie case is any case except the nominative.
* OB-LlQ,UE'LY, adv. I. In a line deviating from a rigJit
line ; not directly ; not perpendicularly. 2. Indirectly ;
by a side glance j by an allusion ; not in the direct or plain
meaning.
* OB-LiaUE'NESS, n. Obliquity.
OB-Lia'UI-TY, n. [L. obliquitas ; Fr. obliquite.] 1. Devi-
ation from a right line ; deviation from parallelism or per-
pendicularity. 2. Deviation from moral rectitude. 3. Ir-
regularity ; deviation from ordinary rules.
OB-LIT'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. oblitero.] 1. To efface ; to erase
or blot out any thing written ; or to efface any thing en-
graved. 2. To efface ; to wear out ; to destroy by time or
other means. 3. To reduce to a very low or imperceptible
OB-LIT'ER-A-TED, pp. Effaced ; erased ; worn out.
OB-LIT'ER-A-TING, ppr. Effacing j wearing out; de-
stroying.
OB-LIT-ER-A'TION, n. The act of effacing ; effacement ;
a blotting out or wearing out 3- extinction. Hale.
OB-LIV'I-ON, n. [L. oblivio.] 1. Forgetfulness ; cessation
of remembrance. 2. A forgetting of offenses, or remission
of punishment.
OB-LIV'I-OUS, ffi. [Ij. oblivios2is.] L Causing forgetfulness.
Shak. 2. Forgetful. Cavendish.
fOB'LO-CU-TOR, n. A gainsayer. Bull.
OB'LONG, a. [Fr. ; L. oblongus.] Longer than broad.
OB'IiONG, n. A figure or solid which is longer than it is
broad.
OB'LONG-ISH, a. Somewhat oblong.
OB'LONG LY, adv. In an oblong form. Cheync.
OB'LONG -JVESS, n. The state of being longer than broad.
OB'LONG-O VATE, a. In botany, between oblong and
ovat_e, but inclined to the latter. Martyn.
OB-Lo'Q.UI-OUS, a. Containing obloquy ; reproachful.
OB'LO-GtQY, ?i. [Ij. obloquor.] I . Censorious speech ; re-
proacliful language ; language that casts contempt on men
or their actions. 2. Cause of reproach ; disgrace ; [obs.]
0B-LU€-Ta'TI0N, n. [L. obluctor.] A struggling or striv-
ing against ; resistance ; [little used.] Fotherby.
OB-MU-TES'CENCE, it. [L. obmutesco.] 1. Loss of speech ,
silence. 2. A keeping silence.
OB-NOX'IOUS, (ob-nok'shus) a. [L. obnoxius.] L Subject;
answerable. 2. Liable; subject to cognizance or punish
ment. 3. Liable ; exposed. 4. Reprehensible ; censura-
ble ; not approved . Fell. 5. Odious; hateful; offensive
6. Hurtful ; noxious.
OB-NOX'IOUS-LY, adv. 1. In a state of subjection or lia
bility. 2. Reprehensibly ; odiously ; offensively.
OB-NOX lOUS-NESS, n. 1. Subjection or liableness to pun-
ishment. 2. Odiousness ; offensiveness.
0B-Nd'B[-LATE, v. t. [L. obnubilor.] To cloud ; to ob-
OB-NU-BI-La'TION, 71. The act or operation of making
dark or obscure. Eeddoes.
OB'OLE, n. [L. obolus.] In pharmacy, the weight of ten
grains, or half a scruple. Encyc.
OB'O-LUS, n. [L.] A small silver coin of Athens, the sixth
pajt of a drachma, about two cents in value.
OB-O'VATE, a. In botany, inversely ovate ; having the
narrov/ end downward. Martyn.
OB-REP'TION, 71. [L. obrepo.] The act of creeping on with
secrecy or by surprise.
OB-REP-Tl"TIOUS, a. Done or obtained by surprise ; with
secrecy or by concealment of the truth.
OB-SCeNE', (ob-se5n') a. [Fr. ; L. obsccBuus.] 1. Offensive
to chastity and delicacy ; impure. 2. Foul ; filthy ; offen-
sive ;_ disgusting. 3. Inauspicious; ill-omened. Dryden.
OB-SCeNE'LY, adv. In a manner offensive to chastity or
purity : impurely ; unchastely. Milton.
OB-SCeNE'NESS, ) n. [Fr. obscenite ; L. obsccenitas.] 1.
OB-SCEN'IT Y, \ Impurity in expression or representa-
tion ; that quality in words or things which presents what
is offensive to chastity or purity of mind ; ribaldry. 2.
Unchaste actions ; lewdness.
OB-SCU-Ra'TION, n. [L. obscuratio.] 1. The act of dark-
ening. 2. The state of being darkened or obscured.
OB-S€uRE', a. [L. obscunis.] 1. Dark ; destitute of light.
2. Living in darkness. 3. Not easily understood ; not ob-
viously intelligible ; abstruse. 4. Not much known or
observed ; retired ; remote from observation. 5. Not
noted ; unknown ; unnoticed ; humble ; mean. 6. Scarce-
ly legible. 7. Not clear, full or distinct ; imperfect.
OB-S€uRE', v. t. [L. obscuro.] 1. To darken ; to make
dark. 2. To cloud ; to make partially dark. 3. To hide
from the view. 4. To make less visible. 5. To make
less legible. 6. To make less intelligible. 7. To make
less glorious, beautiful or illustrious. 8. To conceal; to
make unknown. 9. To tarnish.
OB-S€uRE'LY, adv. I. Darkly ; not clearly ; imperfectly.
2. Out of sight ; in a state not to be noticed ; privately ; in
retirement ; not conspicuously. 3. Not clearly ; not plain-
ly to the mind ; darkly. 4. Not plainly ; indirectly ; by
hints or allusion.
OB-S€uRE'NESS, or OB-S€u'RI-TY, n. [L. obscuritas.]
1. Darkness ; want of light. 2. A state of retirement from
the world ; a state of being unnoticed ; privacy. 3. Dark-
ness of meaning ; unintelligibleness. 4. Illegibleness. 5
A state of being unknown to fame ; humble condition.
OB-S€uR'ER,7i. Whatever or whoever obscures. Lord.
OB'SE-CRATE, v. t. [L. obsecro.] To beseech ; to entreat ;
to supplicate ; to pray earnestly. Cockerayn.
OB-SE-CRa'TION, 71. l.Entreaty; supplication. 2. A figure
of rhetoric, in which the orator implores the assistance of
God or man.
0B'SE-Q.UENT, a. [L. obseque7is.] Obedient ; submissive
to ; [little 7ised.] Fotherby.
OB'SE-Q,UiES, 71. plu. [Fr. obseq7ies.] Funeral rites and
solemnities ; the last duties performed to a deceased per-
son. [Milton uses the word in the singular, but the com-
mon_ usage is different.]
OB-SE'aUI-OUS, a. [L. obsequium.] 1. Promptly obedient
or submissive to the will of another ; compliant ; yielding
to the desires of others. 2. Servilely or meanly conde-
scending ; compliant to excess. 3. Funereal ; pertaining
to funeral rites ; [obs.]
OB-SE'aUI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With ready obedience ; with
prompt compliance. 2. With reverence for the dead ; [obs.]
OB-SE'aUI-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Ready obedience ; prompt
compliance with the orders of a superior. 2. Servile sub-
mission ; mean or excessive complaisance.
t OB'SE-aUY, 71. [L. obsequium.] Funeral ceremony ; ob-
sequiousness ; compliance. B. Jonso7i.
t OB'SE-RATE, v. t. [L. obsero.] To lock up ; to shut in
Cockeram.
■See. Synopsia. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE;— Bl.]LL,UNITB.— €a&K; 6a»J-, S as Z ; CH a-s 9H ; TH as is t/tis. t Obsolete
OBS
566
OBT
OB-SERV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be observed or noticed.
2. Worthy of observation or of particular notice ; remark-
able.
OB-SERV'A BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of note.
OB-SERV'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of observing ; the
act of keeping or adhering to in practice ; performance.
2. Respect ; ceremonial reverence in practice. 3. Per-
formance of rites, religious ceremonies or external service.
4. Rule of practice ; thing to be observed. 5. Observation ;
attention to ; [little iLsed.] 6. Obedient regard or atten-
tion ; \_obs.]
OB-SER-VAND'A, n plu. [L.] Things to be observed.
UB-SERV'ANT, a. 1. Taking notice ; attentively view^ing
or noticing. 2. Obedient 5 adhering to in practice. 3
Carefully attentive ; submissive.
OB-SERV'ANT, n. 1. A slavish attendant ; [ois.] ShaJc.
2. A diligent observer. Hooker.
OB-SER-Va'TION, 01. [L. observatio.] 1. The act of ob-
serving or taking notice ; the act of seeing or of fixing the
mind on any thing. 2. Notion gained by observing j the
effect or result of seeing or taking cognizance in the mind.
3. Observance ; adherence to in practice ; performance of
what is prescribed. — 4. In navigation, the taking of the
altitude of the sun or a star ir. order to find the latitude.
OB-SER-Va'TOR, n. [Fr. observateur.] 1. One that ob-
serves or takes notice. Hale. 2. A remarker.
OB-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. observatoire.] A place or
building for making observations on the heavenly
bodies.
OB-SERVE', (ob-zerv') v. t. [L. ohservo.] 1. To see or be-
hold with some attention ; to notice. 2. To take notice
or cognizance of by the intellect. 3. To utter or express,
as a remark, opinion or sentiment ; to remark. 4. To
keep religiously ; to celebrate. 5. To keep or adhere to
in practice ; to comply with ; to obey. 6 To practice.
OB-SERVE', (ob-zerv') v. i. 1. To remark 2. To be at-
tentive.
OB-SERV'ED, (ob-zervd') pp. 1. Noticed by the eye or the
mind. 2. Kept religiou'-ly ; celebrated ; practiced.
OB-SERV'ER, 71. 1. One who observes ; one that takes no-
tice ; particularly, one who looks to with care, attention
or vigilance. 2. A beholder ; a looker on ; a spectator.
3. One who keeps any law, custom, regulation or rite ;
one who adheres to any thing in practice ; one who per-
forms. 4. One who fulfils or performs. 5. One who
keeps religiously.
OB-SERV'ING, ppr. 1. Taking notice by the eye or the in-
tellect. 2. Remarking. 3. Keeping ; adhering to in prac-
tice ; fulfilling. 4. a. Giving particular attention ; habit-
ually taking notice ; attentive to what passes.
OB-SERV'ING-LY, adv. Attentively 5 carefully ; with
close observation.' ShaJc.
t OB-SESS', V. t. [L. obsideo, obsessus.] To besiege.
OB-SESS'ION, n. [L. obsessio.] The act of besieging ; the
first attack of Satan antecedent to possession [Little used.]
OB-SID'I-AN, n. A mineral.
OB-SID'I-O-NAL, a. [L. obsidionalis.] Pertaining to a
siege. Brown.
OB-SIG'NATE, v. t. [L. obsigno.'] To seal up ; to ratify.
[Little used.] Barrow.
OB-SIG-Na'TION, n. The act of sealing ; ratification by
sealing; confirmation. Taylor.
OB-SIG'NA-TO-RY, a. Ratifying ; confirming by sealing.
OB-SO-LES'CENT, a. [L. obsolesco.] Going out of use ;
passing into desuetude. Campbell.
*OB'-SO-LETE, a. [1,. obsoletus.] 1. Gone into disuse ;
disused ; neglected. Dryden. — 2. In botany, obscure ; not
very disthict. Eaton.
*OB-SO-LeTE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being neglected in
use ; a state of desuetude. — 2. In botany, indistinctness.
0B'STA-€LE, n. [Fr.] That which opposes ; any thing
that stands in the way and hinders progress ; hinderance ;
obstruction.
fOB'STAN-CY, n. [L. obstantia.] Opposition; impedi-
ment , obstruction. B. Jonson.
UB-STET'RI€, a. [L. ohstetriz.] Pertaining to midwifery,
or the delivery of women in childbed.
OB-STET'RI-€ATE, v. i. To perform the office of a mid-
wife. [Little used.] Evelyn.
0B-STET'RI-€ATE, v. t. To assist as a midwife. [L. u.]
OB-STET-RI-€a'TION, 7«. 1. The act of assisting as a mid-
wife. 2. The office of a midwife.
OB-STE-TRi"CIAN, n. One skilled in the art of assisting
women in parturition. Med. Repos.
OB-STET'RI€S, 71. The art of assisting women in parturi-
tion ; midwifery. Encyc.
OB'STI-NA-CY, 7?.. [L. obstinatio.] 1. A firm and usually
unreasonable adherence to an opinion, purpose or system ;
a fixedness that will not yield to persuasion, arguments
or other means ; stubbornness ; pertinacity ; persistency.
2. Fixedness that will not yield to application, or that
yields with difficulty.
OB'STI-NATE, a. [L. obstinatus.] 1. Stubborn ; pertina-
ciously adhering to an opinion or purpose ; fixed firmly in
resolution; not yielding to reason, arguments or other
means. 2. Not yielding or not easily subdued or re-
moved.
OB'STI-NATE-LY, adv. Stubbornly ; pertinaciously ; with
fixedness of purpose not to be shaken.
OB'STI-NATE-NESS, n. Stubbornness ; pertinacity in opin-
ion or purpose ; fixed determination. Hall.
OB-STI-Pa'TION, n. [L. obstipo.] 1. The act of stopping
up, as a passage. — 2. In medicine, costiveness.
OB-STREP'ER-OUS, a. [L. obstreperus.] Loud ; noisy ;
clamorous ; vociferous ; making a tumultuous noise.
OB-STREP'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Loudly ; clamorously ; with
tumultuous noise.
OB-STREP'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Loudness ; clamor ; noisy
turbulence.
OB-STRI€'TION, n. [L. obstrictiis.] Obligation ; bond.
OB-STRU€T', V. t. [L. obstruo.] 1. To block up ; to stop
up or close, as a way or passage ; to fill with obstacles
2. To stop ; to impede ; to hinder in passing. 3. To re-
tard ; to interrupt ; to render slow.
OB-STRU€T'ED, pp. 1. Blocked up ; stopped, as a passage.
2. Hindered; impeded, as progress. 3. Retarded; inter-
rupted.
OB-STRUeT'ER, n. One that obstructs or hmders.
OB-STRU€T'ING, j^pr. Blocking up ; stopping; impeding j
interrupting.
OB-STRU€'TION, n. [L. obstructio.] 1. The act of ob-
structing. 2. Obstacle ; impediment ; any thing that stops
or closes a way or channel. 3. That which impedes pro-
gress ; hinderance. 4. A heap ; [not proper.] Shak.
OB-STRU€TiIVE, a. [Fi.obstructif.] Presenting obstacles j
hindering ; causing impediment. Hammond.
OB-STRU€T'IVE, 72. Obstacle; impediment; [little used.]
OB'STRU-ENT, a. [L. obstruens.] Blocking up ; hindering.
OB'STRU-ENT, n. Any thing that obstructs the natural
passages in the body. Quincy.
OB-STU-PE-FA€'TION, 7>. [L. nbstupefacio.] The act of
making stupid or insensible. Sec Stupefactjon.
OB-STU-PE-FA€'TIVE, a. [L. obstupefacio.] Stupefying;
rendering insensible, torpid or inert. See Stupefactive.
t OB-STu'PI-FY, V. t. To render stupid, jlnnot. on Glan-
ville.
OB-TaIN', v. t. [L. obtineo.] 1. To get ; to gain ; to pro.
cure ; to gain possession of a thing ; to acquire. This
word usually implies exertion to get possession, and in
this it differs from receive, which may or may not imply
exertion. It differs from acquire, as genus from species ;
acquire being properly applied only to things jjermanently
possessed ; but obtain is applied both to things of tempora-
ry and of permanent possession. 2. To keep ; to hold.
OB-TaIN', v. i. 1. To be received in customary or common
use ; to continue in use ; to be established in practice. 2.
To be established ; to subsist in nature. 3. To prevail ; to
succeed ; [little 2ised.] Bacon.
OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained ; that may be
procured or gained. Arbuthnot.
OB-TaIN'ED, (ob-tand') pp. Gained ; procured ; acquired.
OB-TaIN'ER, n. One who obtains.
OB-TaIN'ING, vpr. Gaining ; procuring ; acquiring.
OB-TaIN'MENT, n. The act of obtaining. Milton.
t OB-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. [L. obtempero.] To obey. Diet
OB-TEND', v. t. [L. obtendo.] J. To oppose ; to hold out
in opposition. 2. To pretend ; to offer as the reason of
anv thing ; [obs.]
OB-f EN-E-ERa'TION, n. [L. ob and tenebra.] A darken-
ing ; act of darkening; darkness; [little used.] Bacon.
t OB-TEN'SION, n. The act of obtending.
OB-TEST', v. t. [L. pbtestor.] To beseech ; to supplicate.
OB-TEST', v. i. To protest. Waterhouse.
OB-TES-Ta'TION, n. 1. Supplication ; entreaty, Elyot,
2. Solemn injunction. Hall.
OB-TEST'ING, -ppr. Beseeching ; supplicating.
0B-TRE€-Ta'T10N, 71. [L. obtrectatio.] Slander ; detrac-
tion ; calumny ; [little ^Lsed.] Barrow.
OB-TRuDE', v. t. [L. obtrudo.] 1. To thrust in or on ; to
throw, crowd or thrust into any place. 2. To offer with
unreasonable importunity ; to urge upon against the will.
— To obtrude one's self, to enter a place where one is not
desired ; to thrust one's self in uninvited, or against the
will of the company.
OB-TRuDE', v. i. 1. To enter when not invited. 2. To
thrust or be thrust upon.
OB-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust in by force or unsolicited.
OB-TRUD'ER, n. One who obtrudes. Boyle.
OB-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting in or on; entering unin-
vited.
OB-TRUN'€ATE, V. t. [1.. obtrunco.] To deprive of a limb ;
to lop ; [little 7ised.] Corkeram.
OB-TRUN-€a'TION, n. The act of catting off. [L. used.]
OB-TRU'SION, n. [L, obtrudo.] The act of obtruding ; a
thrusting upon others by force or unsolicited.
OB-TRu'SIVE, a. Disposed to obtrude any thing upon oth-
ers ; inclined to intrude or thrust one's self among others,
or to enter uninvited.
Synopsis A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, Zo.no-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— - Obsolete
occ
567
OCT
OB-TRiJ'SI\T3-LY, adv. By way of obtrusion or thrusting
upon others, or entering unsolicited.
C B-TUND', V. t. [L. obtundo.] To dull ; to blunt ; to quell ;
to deaden ; to reduce the edge, pungency or violent action
of any thing.
OB-TU-Ra'TiON, n. [L. obturatus.] The act of stopping by
spreading over or covering.
OB'TU-RA-TOR, n. In anatomy, tlie obturators are muscles
which rise from tJie outer and inner side of the pelvis
around the foramen thyroideum, and are rotators of the
thigh. Wistar.
OB-TuS-ANG'U-LAR, a. {obtuse and angular.'] Having
angles that are obtuse, or larger than right angles.
OB-TuSE', a. [L. obtusus.] 1. Blunt ; not pointed or acute.
Applied to angles, it denotes one that is larger than a right
angle. 2. Dull ; not having acute sensibility. 3. Not
sharp or shrill ; dull 5 obscure.
OB-TuSE'LY, adv. 1, Without a sharp point. 2. Dully ;
stupidly.
OB-TUSE'JMESS, n. 1. Bluntness. 2. Dullness ; want of
quick sensibility. 3. Dullness of sound.
OB-Tu'SION, 71. 1. The act of making blunt. 2. The state
of being dulled or blunted.
OB-UM'BRATE, v. t. [L. obumbro.] To shade ; to darken ;
to cloud ; [little used.] Howell.
OB-UM-BRa'TION, 71. The act of darkening.
t OB-VEN'TION, 71. [L. obveriio.] Something occasional ;
that which happens not regularly, but incidentally.
tOB-VERSANT, a. [L. obversan's.] Conversant j familiar.
OB-VERSE', (ob-vers') a. In botany, having the base nar-
rower than the top, as a leaf.
OB' VERSE, n. The face of a coin 3 opposed to reverse.
OB- VERT', V. t. [L. obvcrto.] To turn towards.
OB-VERT'ED, pp. Turned towards.
OB-VERT'ING, ppr. Turning towards.
OB'VI-ATE, V. t. [Fr. obvier.] i^roperly, to meet in the
way ; to oppose ; hence, in present usage, to remove, as
difficulties or objections.
OB'VI-A-TED, pp. Removed, as objections or difficulties.
OB'VI-A-TING, ppr. Removing, as objections in reasoning
or planning.
OB'VI-OUS, a. [L. obvius.] 1. Meeting ; opposed in front ;
\_obs.] 2. Open ; exposed ; [Z. w.] 3. Plain ; evident ;
easily discovered, seen or understood ; readily perceived
by the eye or the intellect.
OB'VI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Evidently ; plainly; apparently ;
manifestly. 2. Naturally. 3. Easily to be found.
OB'VI-OUS-NESS, 71. State of being plain or evident to the
eye or the mind. Boyle.
OB'VO-LUTE, ) a. '[L. obvolutus-] In botany, obvolute
OB'VO-LU-TED, \ foliation is when the margins of the
leaves alternately embrace the straight margin of the op-
posite leaf.
OC-Ga'SION, n. [L. occasio.] 1. Properly, a falling, hap-
pening or coming to; an occuiTence, casualty, incident.
2. Opportunity ; convenience ; favorable time, season or
circumstances. 3. Accidental cause ; incident, event or
fact giving rise to something else. 4. Incidental need ;
casual exigency ; opportunity accompanied with need or
demand.
Oe-€A'SION, V. t. [Fr. occasionner .] I. To cause inciden-
tally ; to cause ; to produce. 2. To 'influence ; to cause.
OG-Oa'SION-A-BLE, a. That may be caused or occasioned.
[Little used.] Barrow.
Oe-€A'SION-AL, a. [Fr. occasionnel.] 1. Incidental ; cas-
ual ; occurring at times, but not regular or systematic ;
made or happening as opportunity requires or admits. 2.
Produced by accident. 3. Produced or made on some
special event.
0€-€a'SION-AL-LY, ado. According to incidental exi-
gence ; at limes, as convenience requires or opportunity
offisrs ; not regularly.
OG-Oa'SIONED, pp. Caused incidentally ; caused ; pro-
duced.
0€-€a'SION-ER, 71. One that causes or produces, either
incidentally or otherwise.
OC-Ca'SION-ING, ppr. Causing incidentally or otherwise.
0€-€a'SIVE, a. Falling ; descending ; western ; pertain-
ing to the setting sun. Encyc.
OC-CE-Ca'TION, n. [L. occaicatio.] The act of making
blind. [Little jised.] Sanderson.
OCCI-DENT, n. [L. occidens.] The west ; the western
quarter of the hemisphere ; so called from the decline or
fall of the sun.
0€-CI-DENT'AL, a. [L. occidentalis.] Western ; opposed
to oriental ; pertaining to the western quarter of the hem-
isphere. Howell.
Oe-CID'U-OUS, a. [L. occiduus.] Western. [Little iised.]
OC-CIPI-TAL, a. [L. occiput.] Pertaining to the back part
of the head, or to the occiput.
0€'CI-PUT, n. [L.] The hinder part of the head, or that
part of the skull which forms the hind part of the head.
f 0€-CIS'ION, 71. [L- occisio.] A killing; the act of kill-
ing.
OC-CLtJOE', V. t. [L. occludo.] To shut up ; to close
[Little used.]
Oe-€LuSE', a. [L. occlusus.] Shut ; closed. [L u.} Holder
0€-€LU'SION, n. [L. occlusio.] A shutting up ; a closing
OC-CULT', a. [L. occultus.] Hidden from the eye or un-
derstanding ; invisible ; secret ; unknown ; undiscovered ,
undetected,
0€-€ITL-Ta'TI0N, n. [L. occultatio.] 1. Abiding; also,
the time a star or planet is hid from our sight, when
eclipsed by the interposition of the body of a planet. — 2. In
flsi7'07ioOT7/, the hiding of a star or planet from our sight,
by passing behind some other of the heavenly bodies.
fOe-CULT'ED, a. Hid ; secret. Shah.
0€-€ULT'NESS, 71. Tlie state of being concealed from,
view ; secretness.
OCeU-PAN-CY, n. [L. occupo.] 1. The act of taking pos^
session. — 2. In lata, the taking possession of a thing not
belonging to any person.
OC'€U-PANT, n. 1. He that occupies or takes possession ;
he that has possession. — 2. in Law, one that first takes
possession of that which has no legal owner.
fOe'CU-PATE, V. t. [L. occupo.] To hold ; to possess ; to
take up. Bacon.
Oe-€U-PA'TION, n. [l.. occupatio.] 1. The act of taking
possession. 2. Possession ; a holding or keeping ; tenure ;
use. 3. That which engages the time and attention ; em-
ployment ; business. 4. 'I'he principal business of one's
life ; vocation ; calling ; trade ; the business which a mail
followsto procure a living or obtain wealth.
0€'eU-Pl-Eli, u. 1. One that occupies or takes possession
2. One who holds possession. 3. One who follows an
employment.
OCClJ-PY, V. t. [L. occupo.] 1. To take possession. 2. To
keep in possession ; to possess ; to hold or keep for use
3. To take up ; to possess ; to cover or fill. 4. To em -
ploy ; to use. 5. To employ ; to busy one's self. 6. To
follow, as business. 7. To use ; to expend ; [obs.]
0€'eU-PY, V. i. To follow business ; to negotiate. Luke xix
0€'eU-PY-ING, jjpr- Taking or keeping possession ; em
ploying.
0€-€UR', V. i. [L. occurro.] 1. Primarily, to meet ; to strike
against; to clash; [obs.] 2. To meet or come to the
mind ; to be presented to the mind, imagination or memo-
ry. 3. To appear ; to meet the eye ^ to be found here
and tliere. 4. To oppose ; to obviate ; [06s.]
Oe-€UR'RENCE, n. [Fr.] 1. Any incident or accidental
event ; that which happens ivithout being designed or ex-
pected ; any single event. 2. Occasional presentation.
tOe-€UR'RENT, n. Incident ; any thing that happens.
t CCCURSE, u. [L. uccursus.] Meeting. Burton.
0€-€UR'SION, n. [L. occursio.] A meeting of bodies ; a
_ clash. Boyle.
O'CEAN, (oshun) n. [u. oceanus ; Fr. ocean.] 1. The vast
body of water which covers more than three fifths of the
surface of the globe, called also the sea, or great sea. 2.
An immense expanse.
O'CEAN, (6'shun) a. Pertaining to the main or great sea.
O-CE-AN'ie, (o-she-an ik) a. Pertaining to the ocean.
O'CEL-LA-TED, a. [L. ocellatiis.] 1. Resembling an eye.
2. Formed with the figures of little eyes.
O'CE-LOT, n. The Mexican panther.
0€H'I-MY,7i. A mixed base metal. Todd.
0€II-LOC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. ox^onpaTia.] A form of govern-
ment in which the multitude or common people rule.
O'CHRE, ) n. [Fr. ocre ; L. ochra ; Gr. w^pa.] A variety of
O'CHER, ( clay deeply colored by the oxyd of iron.
O'€HRE-0US, a. 1. Consisting of ochre. 2. Resembling
ochre.
f o'CHP-EY, a. Partaking of ochre. Woodward.
OCH'RO-ITS, ?i. Cerite.
O'GRA, 7!._ A viscous vegetable substance.
OCTACHORD, n. Ail instrument or system of eight
sounds. Busby.
OCTA-GON, 7!. [Gr. oktuj and yo}vta.] 1. In geometry, a
figure of eight sides and eight angles. — 2. In fortification,
a place with eight bastions.
OC-TAG'0-NAL, a. Having eight sides and eight angles
0€-1'A-He'DRAL, a. Having eight equal sides.
OC-TA-He'DRITE, n. Pyramidical ore of titanium.
0€-TA-He'DRON, n. [Gr. oktw and i^pa.] In geometry, a
so'id contained by eight equal and equilateral triangles.
OCtTAN'DER, 71. [Gr. oktw and avrjp.] In botany, a plant
having eight stamens.
OC-TAN'DRI-AN, a. Having eight stamens.
OC-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. octo and angular.] Having eigh<
angles.
OC-TAN'GU-LAR-NESS, n. The quality of having eight
angles.
OC'TA-TEuCH, n. [Gr. oactw and tevxos.] A name for the
eight first books of the Old Testament. Diet.
OCTANT, 71. [L. octans.] In astronomy, that aspect of two
planets, in which they are distant from each other tho
eighth part of a circle, or 45°.
* Sr.e Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.~€ as K : 6 as .T ; J« a.s Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
ODO
568
OFF
0€'TAVE, a. Denoting eight. Dryden,
0€'TAVE, n. [Fr. ; L. octavus.] 1. The eighth day after a
festival. 2. Eight days together after a festival. — 3. In
mask, an eighth, or an interval of seven degrees or twelve
semitones.
0€)-Ta ^'O, n. [K octavits.] A book in which a sheet is
folded into eight leaves. The word is used as a noun or
an adjective.
0€!-TEiV'NI-AL, a. [L, ccto and annus.] 1. Happening ev-
erv eighth year. 2. Lasting eight years.
(>e TILE, n. The same as octant.
C»e-To'BER, 7i. [L., from octo, eighth; the eighth month of
the primitive Eoman year.] The tenth month of the year
in our calendar.
C)e-TO-DEC'I-iL\L, a. [L. octo and decern.] In crystalog-
raphy, designating a crystal whose prisms, or the middle
part, has eight faces, and the two summits together ten
faces.
0€-TO-DEN'TATE, a. Having eight teeth.
0€'T0-F1D, a. [L. octo and Jiiido.] In botany, cleft or sep-
arated into eisht segments ; as a calyx.
0€-T0-GE-Xa1iI-AX, n. One who is eighty years of age.
* 0€'T0-6E-XA-RY, a. [L. octogenarius.] Of eighty yeare
of age.
* O€'T0-6E-NA-RY, n. A person eighty years of age. J.
Adams.
Oe-TOG'0-NAIi. The same as octagonal.
0€-TO-LO€'lJ-LAR, a. [L. octo and loctis.] In botany, ha\-
inff eight cells for seeds.
0€ TO-XA-RY, a. [L. octonariu-s.] Belonging to the num-
ber eight.
0€~TO-XO€'U-LAR, a. [L. octo and oculus.] Havmg eight
eyes. Derham.
OCCtO-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. o/crw and TrgraXov.] Having
eight petals or flower-leaves. Diet.
0€-T0-Ra'DI-A-TED, a. [L. octo and radius.] Having
eight rays.
0€-T0-SPERM'0US, a. [Gr. oktu) and am^iia.] Contain-
ing eight seeds.
0€'T0-STyLE, 71. [Gr. oktio and aTv\os.] In ancient archi-
tecture, the face of an edifice adorned with eight columns,
or a range of eislit columns.
O€-T0-SYL'LA-BLE, a. [L. octo and syllaba.] Consisting
of eight svUables.
Oe TU-PLE, a. [L. octuplus.] Eight-fold. Diet.
0€ U-L-YR, a. [Fr. oculaire ; L. ocularius.] Depending on
the eye ; known by the eye ; received by actual sighf.
0€'U-LAR-LY, adv. By the eye, si^ht or actual view.
0€'U-LATE, a. [L. oculatus.] Furnished with eyes ;
knowing by the eye. Johnson.
0€'U-LI-F0R3I, a.'[L. oculus and forma.] In the form of
an eye ; resembling the eye in form.
0€'U-LIST, n. [L. oculus.] One skilled in diseases of the
eyes, or one who professes to cure them.
0€"U-LUS BELL A semi-pellucid gem, a variety of agate.—
Oculus cati, cat's eye or asteria, a beautiful gem.
ODD, a. [Sw. udda.] 1. Xot even ; not divisible into equal
numbers : as, three, five, &c. '2. Left or remaining after
the union, estimate or use of even numbers ; or relnain-
ing after round numbers or any number specified. 3.
Singular; extraordinary; diiferiu 2 from what is usual;
strange. 4. Xot noted; unheeded; not taken into the
common account. 5. Uncommon ; particular. 6. Un-
common ; in appearance improper. 7. Separate from that
which is regularly occupied ; remaining unemployed.
ODD'I-TY, 7i^ 1. Singularity; strangene^ss 2. A singular
person; 171 colloquial language.
ODD'LY, adt. 1. Xot evenly; \l.u.] 2. Strangely; un-
usually ; irregularly- ; singularly ; uncouthlv.
ODD'XESS, n. 1. The state of being not even. 2. Singu-
larity ; strangeness ; particularity ; irregidarity ; uncouth-
ness.
ODDS, n. [It is used both in the singular and plural.] 1.
Inequality ; excess of either compared with the other ;
difference in favor of one and against another. 2. Ad-
vantage : superiority. 3. Quarrel ; dispute ; debate. — It
is odds, more likely' than the contrary. South. — ~^t odds,
in dispute ; at variance ; in controversy or quarrel. Sicift.
ODE, 7!. [L. ode.] A short poem or song ; a poetical compo-
sition proper to be set to music or sung ; a Ivric poem.
foDI-BLE, a. [L. odi.] Hateful. Bole.
*5DI-0US, a. [1.. odiosus.] 1. Hateful ; deserving hatred.
2. Offensive to the senses ; disgusting. 3 Causi^ng hate ;
invidious. 4. Exposed to hatred.
* o DI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Hatefully ; in a manner to deserve
or excite hatred. 2. Invidiously ; so as to cause hate.
» 6'DI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Hatefulness ; the quality that de-
serves or may excite hatred. 2. The state of being hated.
* O'DI-UM, 71. [L.] 1. Hatred ; dislike. 2. The quality that
provokes hatred ; ofFen siren ess. Dryden.
OD-OX-TAL'6l€, a. [Gr. oSovs and aA/oc] Pertaining to
the tooth-ache.
0D-0N-TAL'6I€, 71. A remedy for the tooth-ache.
OD-ON-TAL'6Y, n. Tooth-ache.
O'DOR, n. [L.] Smell; scent ; fragrance j a sweet or an
_ offensive smell ; perfume. Addison.
ODOR-A-MEXT, n. [L. odor amentum.] A perfume; a
strong scent. Burton.
6'DO-RATE, a. [L. odoratus.] Scented; having a strong
_ scent, fetid or fragrant. Bacon.
O'DO-RA-TIXG, a. Diffusing odor or scent; fragrant.
O-DO-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. odoriferus.] 1. Giving scent ,
diffusing fragrance ; fragrant; perfumed; usually, sweet
of scent. 2. Bearing scent.
O-DO-RIF'ER-OUS-XESS, n. The quality of diffusing
scent ; fragrance ; sweetness of scent.
ODOR-OUS, a. Sweet of scent ; fragrant. Waller.
0'DOR-OUS-X£SS, n. Iragrance; the quality of diffusing
sceiit, or of exciting the sensation of smell.
OE-CO-XOM I-€AL, GE-€OX O-MY, CE-DEM'A-TOUS,
CE^SOPH'A-GUS. See Economical, Economt, Edem-
atous, Esophagus.
*t OE-IL'IAD, (,e-il yad) 71. [Fr. aillade.] A glance ; a wink.
Shah.
O'ER, contracted from over, which see.
OF, (ov) prep. [Sax. of; G. ab ; Sw., Icel., Dan., D. af.]
From or out of; proceeding from cause, somce, means,
author or agent bestowing. This preposition has one pri-
mary sense, ^077?, departing, issuing, proceeding//-o??i, or
out of, and a derivative sense denoting possession or prop-
erty. Its primary sense is retained in off, the same word
difierently written for distinction . But this sense is ap
propriately lost m many of its applications.
OFF, a. Most distant; as the o^horse in a team.
OFF, adv. 1. From, noting distance. 2. From, with the
action of removmg or separating ; as, to fly off. 3. From,
noting separation. 4. From, noting departure, abate
ment, remission or a J'^aving. — 5. In painting, it denotes
projection or relief. 6. From ; away ; not towards. 7.
On the opposite side of a question. — Off hand, without
study or preparation. — Off and on, at one time applying
and engaged, then absent or remiss. — To be off, in collo-
quial language, to depart or to recede from an agreement or
design. — To'come off, to escape, or to fare in the event. —
To get off. 1. To alight ; to come down. 2. To make
escape.— To go off. 1. To depart; to desert. 2. To take
fire ; to be discharged ; as a gun. — Well off, ill off, badly
off, having good or ill success.
OFF, prep. 1. ISot on. 2. Distant from.
OFF, as an exclamation, is a command to depart, eithei
T\-ith or without contempt or abhorrence.
OF'FAL, 77. [D. afval.] 1. Waste meat; the parts of an
animal butchered Avliich are unfit for use or rejected, fe
Carrion ; coarse meat. 3. Refuse ; that which is thrown
away as of no value, or fit only for beasts. 4. Any thing
of no value ; rubbish.
OF-FEXD, v.t. [L. offendo.] 1. To attack; to assail,
[obs.] 2. To displease ; to jnake angry ; to afiront. L-
expresses rather less than make angry, and, without any
modifying word, it is nearly synonymous with displease
3. To shock; to wound. 4. To pain; to annoy; to ir
jure. 5. To transgress : to violate. 6. To disturb, anno> .
or cause to fall or stumble. 7. To draw to evil, or hinde
in obedience ; to cause to sin or neglect duty. Mat. v.
OF-FEXD', V. i 1. To transgress the moral or divine law
to sin ; to commit a crhne. 2. To cause dislike or anger
3. To be scandalized.
0F-FEXD'ED,;;i7. Displeased.
OF-FEXD'EE, n. One that offends; one that violates any
law, divine or human ; a criminal ; a trespasser ; a trans-
gressor ; one that does an injury.
OF-FEXD'IXG, ;;;7?-. Displeasing; making angry ; causing
to stumble ; conimittins sin.
OF-FEXD'RESS, w. A female that offends. Shah.
OF-FEXSE', (of-fens') 71. [L. offensus.] 1. Displeasure ; an-
ger, or moderate anger. 2. Scandal; cause of stumbling.
3. Any transgression of law, divine or human ; a crime ;
sin; act of wickedness or omission of duty. 4. An inju-
TY. 5. Attack; assault. 6. Impediment. Matt. xxi.
t OF-FEXSEFUL, (of-fens'ful) a. Giving displeasure ; in-
jurious.
OF-FEXSE'LESS, (of-fensles) a. Unoffending ; innocent ;
inoffensive. MiUon.
t OF-FEXS'I-BLE, ff. Hurtful. Cotffrave.
OF-FEXS'IYE, a. [Fr. offensif.] l.~Causing displeasure or
some degree of anger; displeasing. 2. Disgusting ; giv-
ing pain or unpleasant sensations"; disagreeable. 3. In-
jurious. 5. Assailant ; invading ; used in attack ; mak-
ing the first attack ; opposed to defensive. A league of-
fensive and defensive is one that requires both or all
parties to make war together against a nation, and each
party to defend the other in case of being attacked.
OF-FEXS'IYE, 77. The part of attacking.
OF-FEXS'IVE-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to give displeasure
2. Injuriously ; mischievously. 3. By way of invasion
or first attack, 4.' Unpleasantly to the senses.
OF-FEXS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. The quality that offends (t
S«e Synopsis, a, E, I, O, t!, ^, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARIX'E, BIRD j^ + Obsolete
OFF
569
OLD
displesases 2. Injiiriousness ; mischief 3 Cause of dis-
gust.
iJF'FER,v.t. [li.'cffero.] 1 Literally, totting to or hefore;
heiice, to present for acceptance or rejection. 2. To pre-
sent in words ; to proflFer ; to make a proposal to. 3. To
present, as an act of worship ; to immolate ; to sacrifice ;
often with itp. 4. To present in prayer or devotion. 5.
To bid, as a price, reward or wages. 6. To present to
the view or to the mind. — To offer violence, to assault j
to attack or commence attack.
OF'FER, v.i. 1. To present itself; to be at hand. 2. To
l)resent verbally ; to declare a willingness. 3. To make
an attempt ; [obs.]
OF'FER, n. [Fr. offre.] 1. A proposal to be accepted or re-
jected j presentation to choice. 2. First advance. 3. The
act of bidding a price, or the sum bid, 4. Attempt; en-
deavor ; essay ; [nearly obs.]
OF'FER-A-BLE, a. That may be offered. Mountagu.
OF'FERED, pp. Presented for acceptance or rejection ; pre-
sented in worship or devotion ; immola.ted ; bid ; present-
ed to the eye or the mind.
OF'FER-ER, n. One that offers ; one that sacrifices or
dedicates in worship. Hooker.
OF'FER-ING, ppr. Presenting ; proposing ; sacrificing ;
bidding ; presenting to the eye or nund.
OF'FER-ING, 71. That which is presented in divine serv-
ice ; a sacrifice ; an oblation.
OF'FER-TO-RY, n. [Fr. offertolre.] 1. The act of offering, or
the thing offered ; [l.u.] Bacon. 2. Offertory was properly
an anthem chanted, or a voluntary played on the organ,
during the offering and a part of the mass, in the Catholic
church ; but, since the reformation, it denotes certain sen-
tences in the communion-ofiice, read while the alms are
collecting. 2. .Anciently, the linen vn which the offering
was laid.
f OF'FER-TURE, 71. Offer; proposal. K. Charles.
OF'FiCE, n. [Fr., L. officium.] 1. A particular duty, charge
or trust conferred by public authority, and for a public
purpose ; an employment undertaken by commission or
authority from government or those who administer it.
2. A duty, charge or trust of a sacred nature, conferred by
God himself, 3. Duty or employment of a private nature'.
4. That which is performed, intended or assigned to be
done by a particular thing, or that which any thing is fit-
ted to perform. 5. Business ; particular employment. 6.
Act of good or ill voluntarily tendered ; usually in a good
sense. 7. Act of worship. 8. Formulary of devotion.
9. A house or apartment in which public oificers and
others transact business. — 10. In arcliitecture, an apart-
ment appropriated for the necessary business or occasions
of a palace or nobleman's house. — 11. In the canon late,
a benefice which has no jurisdiction annexed to it. 12.
The person or persons intrusted with particular duties of
a public nature.
+ OF'FICE, V. t. To perform ; to do ; to dischai-ge. Shak.
OF'FI-CER, n. A person commissioned or authorized to
perform any public duty.
OF'FI-CER, V. t. To furnish with officers ; to appoint offi-
cers over. Marshall.
OF'FI-CERED, pp. Furnished with officers. Addison.
OF-Fl"CIAL, a. [Fr. officiel.] 1. Pertaining to an office or
public trust. 2. Derived from the proper office or officer,
or from the proper authority ; made or communicated by
virtue of authority. 3. Conducive by virtue of appropri-
ate powers,
OF-FI"CIAL, 71. An ecclesiastical judge appointed by a
bishop, chapter, archdeacon, &c., with charge of the spir-
itual jurisdiction.
OF-Fi"ClAL-LY, adv. By the proper officer ; by virtue of
the proper authority ; in pursuance of the special powers
vested.
OF-Fi"CIAL-TY, n. The charge or office of an official.
OF-Fi"CIATE, V. i. 1. To act, as an officer in his office ;
to transact the appropriate business of an office or public
trust. 2. To perform the appropriate official duties of an-
other.
OF-Fl"CIATE, V. t. To give in consequence of office.
OF-Fl'CIA-TING, ppr. Performing the appropriate duties
of an office ; performing the office of another.
OF-FIC'I-N AL, a. [Fr. ; L. officina.] Used in a shop, or be-
longing to it, Encyc.
OF-Fl"CIOUS, a. [L. officiosus.] 1. Kind ; obliging ; doing
kind offices. 2. Excessively forward in kindness ; im-
portunately interposing services. 3. Busy ; intermed-
dling in affairs in which one has no concern.
OF-Fl"CIOUS-LY, adw. 1. Kindly; with sohcitous care.
2. With importunate or excessive forwardness. Dryden.
3. In a busy, meddling manner.
OF-Fi"CIOUS-NESS, 7t. 1. Eagerness to serve; vsualhi,
an excess of zeal to serve others, or improper forwardness.
2. Service ; [little used.] Brown.
OFF'ING, 71. [from off.] That part of the sea wliich is at a
good distance from the shore.
OFF'S€0UR-ING, n. [o#and scour.] That which is scour-
ed off; hence, refuse; rejected matter; that which is vile
or despised.
OFF'SeUM, a. [ojf and scum.l Refuse ; vile. Tran. ofBoc.
OFF'SET, 71. [o^and set.] t. A shoot ; a sprout from the
roots of a plant. Locke.— 2. In surveying, a perpendicular
let fall from the stationary lines to the hedge, fence or ex-
tremity of an inclosure.— 3. In accounts, a sum, account
or value set off against another sum or account, as an
equivalent. O. Wolcott. [This is also written set-off.]
OFF'SET, V. t. To set one account against another ; to
make the account of one party pay the demand of an-
other. Judge Sewall.
OFF'SPRiNG, 71. [o#and spring.] 1. A child or children ,
a descendant or descendants. 2. Propagation; genera-
tion. 3. Production of any kind.
OF-FUS'€ATE, 0F-FUS-€a'TI0N. See Obfuscate, On
FUSCATION,
OFF'WARD, adv. Leaning off, as a ship on shore.
OFT, adv. [Sax. oft.] Often ; frequently ; not rarely. Pope.
OFT'EN, (of'n) adv.; comp. oftener ; superl. oftentst.
[Sax. oft.] Frequently ; many times ; not seldom.
OFT'EN, (of'n) a. Frequent. [Improper.]
fOFT'EN-NESS, (of'n-nes) 71. Frequency. Hooker.
OFT'EN-TlMES, (of'n-timz) ado. [often and times.] Fre-
quentjy ; often ; many times. Hooker.
OFT'TlMES, adv. Frequently ; often. Milton.
OG. See Ogee.
OG-DO-AS'TI€H, n. [Gr. oyhooi and ctlxo?.] A poem of
eight lines. [Little used.] Selden.
0-GEE', 71. [Fr. o^ve, augivs.] 1. In architecture, a mold-
mg consisting of two members. — 2. In gunnery, an orna-
mental molding. ^
fOG-GA-Nr'TION, n. [L. obgannio.] The murmuring of a
dog ; a grumbling or snarling.
O'GHAM, n. A particular kind of stenography or writing in
_ cipher practiced by the Irish. Astle.
O'GlVE, (o'jiv) n. In architecture, an arch or branch of the
Gothic vault, which, passing diagonally from one angle to
_ another, forms a cross with the other arches.
O'GLE, v. t. [D. oog.] To view with side glances, as in
_ fondness or with design to attract notice. Dryden.
O'GLE, n. A side glance or look. Addison.
O'GLER, n. One that ogles. Addison.
O'GLING, ppr. 'Viewing with side glances.
O'GLING, 71. The act of viewing with side glances.
OG'LI-0, (o'le-o). Now written olio, which see.
O'GRE, ) 71. [Fr. ogre.] An imaginary monster of the
O'GKESS, \ East. Ar. J\rights.
O'GllESS, n. In heraldry, a cannon ball of a black color.
OH, exclam., denoting surprise, pain, sorrow or anxiety.
OIL, 71. [Sax. (bI j G. oel ; Fr. huile ; It. olio ; L. oleum.
An unctuous substance expressed or drawn from several
animal and vegetable substances.
OIL, V. t. To smear or rub over with oil ; to lubricate with
oil ; to anoint with oil. Swift.
OIL'-BAG, n. A bag, cyst or gland in animals containing
oil.
OIL'-C6L-OR, 71. A color made by grinding a coloring sub-
stance in oil. Boyle.
OILED, pp. Smeared or anointed with oil. Huloet.
OIL'ER, 71. One who deals in oils and pickles.
OIL'-GAS, 71. Inflammable gas procured from oil.
OIL'I-NESS, 71. The quality of being oily ; unctuousness ;
greasiness ; a quality approaching that of oil.
OIL'ING, ppr. Smearing or anointing with oil.
OIL'MAN, n. One who deals in oils and pickles.
OIL'-NUT, 7t. The butternut of North America. Carver.
OIL'-NUT, ) 71. A plant, a species ol rici7ius, the palma
OIL'-TREE, \ Christi, or castor, from which is procui'ed
castor-oil.
OIL'-SHOP, n. A shop where oils and pickles are sold.
OIL'Y, a. 1. Consisting of oil ; containing oil ; having the
qualities of oil. Bacon. 2. Resembling oil ; as, an oily
appearance. 3. Fatty; greasy. \
OIL'Y-GRaIN, 77. A plant.
OIL'Y-PaLM, n. A tree. Miller.
OlNT,v. t. [Fr. oindrc, oint.] To anoint ; to smear with an
unctuous substance. Dryde7i.
OINT'EB, pp. Anointed; smeared with an oily or greasy
matter.
OINT'ING, ppr. Anointing.
OINT'MENT, n. Unguent ; any soft, unctuous substance
or compound, used for smearing, particularly the body or
a diseased part.
OIS'A-NITE, 71. Pyramidical ore of titanium. Ure.
OKE, n. An Egyptian and Turkish weight.
O'KER. See Ochre.
OLD, a. [Sax. eald ; G. alt.] 1. Advanced far in years or
life ; having lived beyond the middle period, or rather to-
wards the end of life, or towards the end of the ordinary
term of living. 2. Havingbeen long made or used ; decayed
by time. 3. Being of long continuance ; begun long ago.
4. Having been long made ; not new or fresh. 5. Being
of a former year's growth ; not of the last crop. 6 An-
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
OME
570
ON
cient: thai existed in former ages. 7. Of any duration
wliatever. 8. Subsisting before something else. 9. Long
practiced. 10. That has been long cultivated. America.
11. More than enough ; great.— 12. In vulgar language,
ciaftyj cunning. — Of old, long agoj from ancient times.
Drydeii.
OLD'EN, a. Old; ancient. [Used in poetnj.] Shak.
OLD-FASH'IOXED, a. Formed according to obsolete fash-
_ ion or custom. Addison.
OLDISH, a. Somewhat old. Sherwood.
CLD'XESS, n. 1. Old age ; an advanced state of life or
existence. 2. The state of being old, or of a long continu-
ance. 3. Antiquity.
■j^oLD-SAID, a. Long since said ; reported of old. Spenser.
oLD'-WIFE, n. 1. A contemptuous name for an old prat-
ing woman. 1 Tim. iv. 2. A fish.
0-LE-A6 1-:S'OUS, a. [L. oleaginus.] Having the qualities
of oil; oily; unctuous. Arbuthnot.
0-LE-A6'I-X0US-XESS, n. Oiliness. Boyle.
O-LE-AX'DEH, n. A plant of the genus nerium.
O-LE-ASTER, n. [L.] A plant ; the wild olive.
O'LE-ATE, n. A compound of oleic acid with a salifiable
base. Chevreul.
O-LEF I-ANT, a. [L. oleo, olfacio.] Olefiant gas is a com-
pound of one prime of carbon and one of hydrogen.
0'LE-I€, a. The oleic acid is obtained from a soap made by
digesting hog's lard in potash lye.
O-LE-O-S A€'€HA-IIUM, n. A mixture of oil and sugar.
§'LE-Oti' i '^^ [L. oieosK*] Oily. [Little used.-] Ray.
OL-E-Ea'CEOUS, a. [L. oleraceus.'] Pertaining to pot-
herbs ; of the nature or qualities of herbs for cookery.
OL-FA€T', V. t. [L. olfacto.l To smell ; used in burlesque,
but not otherwise authorized. Hwdibras.
OL-FAOT O-RY, G. [1^. olfacio.] Pertaining to smelling;
having the sense of smelling. Locke.
OL ID, \ a. [L. olidus.] Fetid; having a strong, disa-
OL'I-DOUS, \ greeable smell. [Little used.] Boyle.
SL-lSSIi'LoXL, j ^- Pertaining to oUgarchy. Burke.
OL'I-GAR-€Hr, 71. [Gr. oX£)/ap;;^ta.] A form of govern-
ment in which the supreme power is placed in a few
hands; a species of aristocracy.
OLL-GIST, } a. [Gr. oAtytCTTo,-,] OZig-J.si iro7i, so called,
OL-I-GIST'I€, \ is a ciystalized tritoxyd of iron.
O LI-0, 71. [It.] 1. A mixtui-e ; a medley. 2. A miscella-
ny ; a collection of various pieces.
OL'I-TO-RY, a. [L. olitor.] Be'.onging to a kitchen gar-
den ; as, olitory seeds. Evdyn.
OL-I-Va'CEOUS, a. [from L. oliva.] Of the color of the
olive. Pennant.
OL-I-VAS'TER, ff. [Fi. olivatre.] Of the color of the olive;
tawny. Bacon.
OL'lVE, 71. [L. oliva ; Ft. olive.] A plant or tree of the ge-
nus olea, which is much cultivated in the south of Europe
for its fruit, from which is expressed the olive oil. The
emblem of peace.
DL'lVED, a. Decorated with olive-trees. Warton.
OL'I-TE-NlTE, 71. An ore of copper. Ure.
OLIVE- YARD, n. An inclosure or piece of ground in
which olives are cultivated. Ex. xxiii.
OLL-VIN, ) 71. A subspecies of prismatic chrysolite, of a
OL'I-YINE, \ brownish-green.
OL LA, 77. [Sp.] An olio. B. Jonson.
0-LYM'PI-AD, n. [L. Ohjmpias ; Gr. oXu/i-mc.] A peri-
od of four years reckoned from one celebration of the
Olympic gaines to another ; and constituting an impor-
tant epoch in history and clironologj'.
0-LYM PE-.AN', a. Pertainmg to Olympus; or to Olympia,
a town in Greece.
O-LYMPie GAMES, or O-LYM'PICS. Solemn games
among the ancient Greeks, dedicated to Olympian Jupi-
ter, and celebrated once in four years at Olympia. See
Olympiad.
OM'BRE. ) 77. [Fr.] A game at cards, usually plaj'ed bv
i:)MBER, ) three persons.
OM-BROME-TER, 71. [Gr. o///3pof and //ETpov.] A machine
or instrument to measure the quantity of rain that
tails.
0-Mk'GA, 71. [Gr. great O.] The name of the last letter of
the Greek alphabet, as Alpha, A, is the first. Hence, in
Scripture, Alpha and Ome^a denote the first and the last,
rhfi beginning and the ertding. Rev.
OME'LET, (om'let) 71. [Ft. omelette.] A kind of pancake or
fritter made with eggs and other ingredients.
C'MEX, 77. [L. omen.] A sign or indication of some future
event ; a prognostic.
O'MEXED, a. Containing an omen or prognostic.
O-MEXT'UM, 77. [L.] In anatomy, the caul or epiploon ; a
membranaceous covering of the bowels.
O'ISIER, 71. [Heb.] A Hebrew measure containing ten baths,
or seventy-five gallons and five pints of liquids, and eight
bushels of things dry.
t OM-I-LET'I-€AL, a. Mild ; humane ; friendly. Farindon.
O^JI'I-NATE, V. t. [L. ominor.] To presage ; to foreshow ;
tc foretoken. [Little used.] Decay of Piety.
OMT-NATE, V. i. To foretoken.
OM-I-Na'TIOX, 71. A foreboding ; a presaging ; prognostic
[Little used.] Brown.
OM'I-NOUS, a. [L. ominosus.] 1. Foreboding or presaging
evil; indicating a future evil event; inauspicious. 2.
Foreshow^ing or exhibiting signs of good.
OM'I-NOUS-LY, adv. With good or bad omens.
OM'I-XOUS-XESS, 71. The quality of being ominous.
O-MIS'SI-BLE, a. [L. 07777^57^5,] That may be omitted.
0-MIS'SIOX"^, 71. [Fr. ; L. omissio.] 1. Neglect or failure
to do something which a person had power to do, or
which duty required to be done. 2. A leaving out ; neg-
lect or failure to insert or mention.
0-MIS'SIV"E, a. Leaving out. Stackhouse.
0-MIT', V. t. [L. omitto.] 1. To leave, pass by or neglect ;
to fail or forbear to do or to use. 2. To leave out ; not to
insert or mention.
t 0-MIT'T.\ACE, 77. Forbearance ; neglect. Shak.
0-MIT'TED, pp. Xeglected ; passed by ; left out.
0-MIT TIXG, ppr. Keglecting or failing to do or use ; pass
ing by : leaving out.
OM-XLFa'RI-OUS, a. [Low L. omrdfarius.] Of all varie
ties, forms or kinds. Bentley.
OM-XIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. omnifer.] All-bearing ; producing
all kinds. Diet.
OM-X^IF'ie, a. [L. 07777775 and /acio.] All-creating. Milton.
OM'XI-FORM, a. [L. 0777777s and forma.] Having every
form or shape. Diet.
0M-XI-F0R]\1'I-TY, 77. The quality of having every form
Jlore.
OM-XIG E-XOUS, a. [L. omnigenus.'] Consisting of all
kinds. Diet.
OM-XI-PAR'I-TY, 77. [L. 0777777s and par.] General equal
itv. White.
OM-XI-PER-CiP'I-EXCE, 77. [L. 0777777s and percipiens.]
Perception of every thing. Jilore.
OM-XI-PER-CIPI-EXT, a. Perceiving every thins.
OM-XIP'0-TEXCE, I n. [L. o77!77t;?ofe?7.9.] 1. Almighty
OM-X"IP'0-TEX"-CY, \ power ; unlimited or infinite pow-
er ; a word in strictness applicable only to God. 2. Un-
limited power over paiticu'ar things.
OM-X"IP'0-TEi\T, a. 1. Almighty ; possessing unlimited
power ; all-powerful. 2. Having unlimited power of a
particular kind.
OM-XIP'O-TEXT, 77. One of the appellations of the God
head.
0:M-XIP'0-TE:\T-LY, atZr. With almighty power. Young
OM-XI-PRES'EXCE, n. [L. 07777715 and presens.] Presence
in every place at the same time ; unbounded or universal
presence ; ubiquity.
OM-XI-PRES'EXT, a. Present in all places at the same
time; ubiquitary.
OM-NI-PRE-SEX'TIAL, a. Implying universal presence.
OM-XIS'CIEXCE, "(77. [L. o?;i7ii5 and 5C!c?ii7a.] The quali-
OM-X"IS'CIEX-CY, \ ty of knowing all things at once ;
1 universal knowledge; knowledge unbounded or infinite.
OM-XIS'CIEXT, (om-nish ent) a. "Having universal knowl-
edse, or knowledge of all things ; infinitely knowing.
t OM'-Mfc'CTOUS, a. [L. omnis and scio.] All-knowing.
OM'X'I-UM, 77. [L. omnis.] The aggregate of certain por-
tions of different stocks in the public funds.
OxM'XI-UM-GATH'ER-UM, 77. A cant term for a miscella-
neous collection of things or persons. Selden.
OM-XIVO-ROUS, 77. [L. omnivorv^.] All-devouring ; eat-
ing every thing indiscriminately. Burke.
OM'0-PLATE, 77. [Gr. w^oj and TrXaryj.] The shoulder-
blade or scapula.
OM'PHA-CIXE, a. [Gr. oiKpaKivog.] Pertaining to er ex
pressed from unripe fruit.
CM'PHA-CITE, 77. A mineral of a pale leek-green color.
OM'PHA-LI€, a. [Gr. op^aXog.] Pertaining to the navel.
OZ\I-PHAL'0-CELE, 77. [Gr. op^aXos and KrjXr;.] A rupture
at the navel. Coze.
OlM'PHA-LOP-TER, ) 7?. [Gr. o/i(/>2Xoj and otttikos.] Anop-
OM-PHA-LOP'TIC, \ tical glass that is convex on both
sides ; commonly called a convex lens.
OM-PHA-LOT'0-MY, 7?. [Gr. o\x<pa\os and te/xt/o).] The
operation of dividing the navel-string.
t O'MY, c. Mellow, as land. Ray.
OX^, prep. [G. an ; D. ca?7 : Goth. a77a.] ]. Being in con
tact with the surface or upper part of a thing and support
ed by it ; placed or lying in contact with the siu^ace. 2
Coming or falling to the surface of any thing. 3. Perform
ing or acting by contact with the surface, upper part or>
outside of any thing. 4. Xoting addition. 5. At or near.
6. It denotes resting for support. 7. At or in the time of
8. At the time of, with some reference to cause or motive
9. It is put before the object of some passion, with the
• See Synopsis A, E, I, O, Z\ ^, long.— F^l{, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARtNE, BiRD ;— t Obschfe.
ONT
571
OPE
stsiise of towards, oi for. 10. At the peril of, or for the
safety of. 11. Denoting a pledge, or engagement, or put
before the thing pledged. 12. Noting imprecation or in-
vocation, or coming to, falling or resting on. 13. In
consequence of, or unmediately after. 14. Noting part,
distinction or opposition.
On the way, on the. road, denote proceeding, traveling, jour-
neying or making progress. — On the alert, in a state of
vigilance or activity. — On high, in an elevated place j
s'lblimely. — On fire, in a state of burning or inflamma-
tion, and, metaphorically, in a rage or passion. — On a sud-
den, suddenly. — On the wing, in flight ; flying ; vietaphor-
ibally, departing.
ON, adv. 1. Forward, in progression, 2. Forward, in suc-
cession. 3. In continuance ; without interruption or
ceasing. 4. Adhering ; not off. 5. Attached to the body.
OK'A-GEK, n. [L. ] The wild ass.
O'NAN-ISjVI, 71. [from Ona/i, in Scripture.] The crime of
self-pollution.
ONCE, (wuns) adv. [from ojie. So D eens, from ee7i, and
G. einst, from ein, one.] 1. One time. 2. One time,,
though no more. 3. At one former time ; formerly. 4.
At the same point of time ; not graduaUy.— ^t once, at the
same time. — Once is used as a noun, when preceded by
this or that ; as, this once,- that once.
ONCE, (ons) n. [Fr.] A quadruped of the genxisfelis.
ONE, (wun) a. [Sax. an, cen ; D. een ; G. ein ; Sw. en ; Dan.
en, or een : Ice. einn ; W. uv, or yn ; L. unus ; Gr. ev ;
It., Sp. 2ino ; Port, hum; Fr. M7i; Arm. mian : Ir. an,
aon.] 1. Single in number; individual. — 2. Indefinitely,
some or any. 3. It follows any. 4. Different ; diverse ;
opposed to another. 5. It is used with another, to denote
mutuality or reciprocation. 6. It is used with another, to
denote average or mean proportion. 7. One of two ; op-
posed to other. 8. Single by union ; undivided; the same.
9. Single in kind ; the same. — it one, in union ; in agree-
ment 3 or concord. — In one, in union ; in one united body.
— One, like many other adjectives, is used without a
noun, and is to be considered as a substitute for some
noun understood ; as, let the men depart one by one ; count
them one by one : every one has his peculiar habits. — In
this use, as a substitute, one may be plural ; as, the great
ones of the earth. — One o^clock, one hour of the clock, that
is, as signified or represented by the clock. — One is used
indefinitely for any person; as, one sees; one knows;
after the French manner, on voit.
ONE'-BER-RY, (wun'-ber-ry) n. A plant, true love.
ONE'EyED, (wun'ide) a. Having one eye only. Dryden.
O-NEi-RO-CRIT'ie, 71. [Gr. oveipoKpiTiKo?-] An interpreter
of dreams; one who judges what is signilied by dreams.
O-NEl-RO-CRIT'ieS, n. The art of interpreting dreams.
0-NEl-RO-€RIT'I€, 0-NEl-RO-€RIT'I-€AL, or O-XI-
EO-€RIT'ie, a. Having the power of interpreting
dreams, or pretending to judge of future events signified
by dreams.
O-NEI-RDINI'AN-CY, 71. [Gr. oveipov and ixavreia.] Divina-
tion by dreams. Spenser.
fONE'MENT, (wun'ment) n. State of being one.
ONE'NESS, (wun'nes) n. Singleness in number ; individ-
uality ; unity ; the quality of being one.
0N'£R-A-RY, a. [L. onerariiis.] Fitted or intended for the
carriage of burdens ; comprising a burden.
ON'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. onero.l To load ; to burden.
ON-ER-a'TION, n. The act of loading.
ON'ER-OUS, a. [L. onerosus.] 1. Burdensome ; oppressive.
— 2. In Scots law, being for the advantage of both parties.
ON'ION, (un'yun) n. [Fr. ognon.] A plant of the genus
allium; and, particularly, its bulbous root.
ON KOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. oyKog and teixvui.] In surgery, the
opening of a tumor or abscess. Encyc.
QN'LY, a. [Sax. mnlic] 1. Single ; one alone. 2. This and
_ no other. 3. This above all others.
ON'LY, adv. 1. Singly ; merely ; barely ; in one manner
or for one purpose alone. 2. This and no other wise. 3.
Singly; without more.
ON'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. ovofia and iiavreia.] Divination by
the letters of a name. Camden.
ON-O-MAN'Tie, ) a. Predicting by names, or the let-
ON-O-MAN'TI-CAL, \ ters composing names. Camden.
ON'O-MA-TOPE, ) 71. [Gv. ovojiaronoca.'] J. In grammar
ON'O-MA-TO-PY, i and rhetoric, a figure in which
words are formed to resemble the sound made by the
thing signified. 2. A word whose sound corresponds to
the sound of the thing signified.
ONSET, 71. [on and set.] 1. A rushing or setting upon; a
violent attack ; assault ; a storming ; the assault of an
armv upon an enemy. 2. An attack of any kind.
fON'S'ET, v.t. To assault; to begin. Carezo.
ON'SLAUGHT, (on'slaut) n. [on and slay.] Attack ; storm ;
onset. Hudibras.
ON'STEAD, n. A single farm-house. Orose.
ON-TO-LOG'I€, )a. Pertaining to the science of being
0N-T0-L06'I-eAL, j in general and its affections.
0N-T0L'0-<5IST, n. One who treats of or considers the
nature and qualities of being in general.
0N-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. ovra, from £t/xt and \oyog.] That
part of the science of metaphysics which investigates and
explains the nature and essence of all beings.
ON'VVARD, or ON'WARDS, c^v. [Sax. ondward, and-
weard.] ]. Toward the point before or in front ; forward ;
progressively ; in advance. 2. In a state of advanced pro-
gression. 3. A little further or forward.
ON'WARD, a. 1. Advanced or advancing. 2. Increased ,
improved. 3. Conducting ; leading forward to perfection
ON'Y-€HA, n. [from Gr. ovi<^.] Supposed to be the odor-
iferous shell of the onyx fish, or the onyx.
O'NYX, n. [Gr. ovv^ ; L. onyz.] A semi-pellucid gem with
variously colored zones or veins, a variety of chalcedony.
O'O-LITE, n. [Gr. wov and 'XiQog.] Egg-stone.
OOZE, (ooz) V. i. [Sax. icaes, water.j To flow gently ; to
percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance,
or through small openings.
OOZE, n. 1. Soft mud or slime ; earth so wet as to flow
gently or easily yield to pressure, 2. Soft flow ; spring
3. The liquor of a tan-vat.
OOZ'ING, ppr. Flowing gently ; percolating.
OOZ'Y, a. Miry ; containmg soft mud ; resembling ooze.
Pope.
1 0'PA-€ATE, or 0-Pa'€ATE, v. t. [L. opaco.] To shade ;
to darken ; to ibscure ; to cloud. Boyle.
0-PAC'I-TY, 71. [L. opacitas.] 1. Opaqueness; the quality
of a body which renders it impervious to the rays of light ;
want of transparency. 2. Darkness ; obscurity.
O-Pa'COUS, a. [L, opacus.] 1, Not pervious to the rays of
light ■. not transparent. 2. Dark ; obscure. See Opaque
0-Pa'€OUS-NESS, ?i. Imperviousness to light. Evelyn.
O'PAH, ?/,. A fish of a large kind.
O'PAL, 71. [L. opalus, or opalum.] A beautiful stone of th«s
silicious genus, and of several varieties.
0-PAL-ES'CENUE, 71. A colored shining lustre reflected
from a single spot in a mineral.
O-PAL-ES'CEIST, a. Resembling opal ; reflecting a colored
lustre from a single spot. Kirwan.
O'PAL-INE, a. Pertaining to or like opal.
O'PAL-iZE, V. t. To make to resemble opeil.
O-PaOUE', ) a. [L. opacus ; Fr. opaque.] 1. Impervious
0-PaKE' , ) to the rays of light ; not transparent. 2
Dark ; obscure.
0-PaQ.UE'NESS, n. The quality of being impervious to
light; want of tranjparency ; opacity.
t OPE, a. Open,
OPE, T. t. and i. To open ,• used only in poetry.
O'PEN, (6'pn) a. [Sax., D. opm ; G. offen.] 1. Unclosed ,
not shut. 2. Spread ; expanded. 3. Unsealed, 4, Not
shut or fast. 5. Not covered. 6 Not covered with trees ;
clear. 7. Not stopped. 8. Not fenced or obstructed, 9.
Not frosty ; vv^armer than usual ; not freezing severely.
10. Public ; before a court and its suitors. 11. Admitting
all persons without restraint ; free to all comers. 12. Cleat
of ice. 13. Plain ; apparent ; evident ; public ; not secret
or concealed. 14. Not wearing disguise ; frank ; sincere ;
unreserved ; candid ; artless. 15. Not clouded ; not con-
tracted or frowning; having an air of frankness and sin-
cerity. 16. Not hidden ; exposed to view. 17. Ready to
hear or receive what is offered. 18. Free to be employed
for redress ; not restrained or denied ; not precluding any
person. 19, Exposed ; not protected ; without defense.
20. Attentive ; employed ui inspection. 21. Clear; unob-
structed. 22. Unsettled ; not balanced or closed. 23, Not
closed ; free to be debated. — 24. In music, an open note is
that which a string is tuned to produce.
O'PEN, (o'pn) V. t. [Sax. openian ; D. vpenen.] 1. To un-
close ; to unbar; to unlock; to remove any fasteninc; or
cover and set open. 2, To break the seal of a letter ui;.!
unfold it, 3. To separate parts that are close, 4. To re-
move a covering from. 5. To cut through ; to perforate ;
to lance, G. To break; to divide; to split or rend. V.
To clear; to make by removing obstructions, 8. To
spread ; to expand. 9. To unstop. 10. To begin ; to
make the first exhibition. 11. To show ; to bring to view
or knowledge. 12. To interpret ; to explain. 13. To
reveal ; to disclose. 14. To make liberal. 15. To make
the first discharge of artillery. 16. To enter on or begin
17. To begin to see by the removal of something that in ■
tercepted the view.
O'PEN, (o'pn) V. i. 1. Tp unclose itself; to be unclosed j
to be parted. 2. To begin to appear. 3. To commence ;
to begin. 4. To bark ; a term in hunting.
O'PENED, (o'pnd) pp. Unclosed ; unbarred ; unsealed ; un-
covered ; revealed ; disclosed ; made plain ; freed from ob-
_ struction,
O'PEN-ER, (o'pn-er) n. 1. One that opens or removes any
fastening or covering. 2. One that explains ; an inter
preter. 3. That which separates ; that which rends. 4
An aperient in medicine,
O'PEN-E^ED, (6'pn-ide) a. Watchful ; vigilant.
• Ses Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— €asK ; 6as J ; SasZ ; CHas SH ; THasinthis. f Obsolete
OPH
572
OPP
CPEN-HAND-ED, (o'pn-hand-ed) a. Generous; liberal;
_ munificent. Rowe.
O'PEN-HEAD-ED, a. Bare-headed. Chaucer.
OTEN^HEART-ED, (o'pn-hart-ed) a. Candid ; frank ; gen-
_ erous.
O'PEN-JHEaRT-ED-LY, adv. With frankness; without
reserve. CJi. Relig. Appeal.
O'PEN-HEART-ED-NESS, n. Frankness ; candor ; eincer-
_ ity ; munificence ; generosity. Johnson.
O'PEN-ING, (5'pn-iDg) ppr. Unclosing; unsealing; uneov-
_ ering ; revealing ; interpreting.
O'PEN-ING, (o'pn-jjig) n. 1. A breach ; an aperture ; a
hole or perforation. 2. A place admitting entrance ; as a
bay or creek. 3. Dawn ; first appearance or visibleness.
O'PEN-LY, (6'pn-ly) adv. 1, Publicly ; not in private ;
without secrecy. 2. Plainly ; evidently ; without re-
_ serve or disguise.
O' PEN-MOUTHED, a. Greedy; ravenous; clamorous.
L^ Estrange.
O'PEN-NESS, (o'pn-nes) n. 1. Freedom from covering or
obstruction. 2. Plainness ; clearness ; freedom from
obscurity or ambiguity. 3. Freedom from disguise ; unre-
servedness ; plainness. 4. Expression of frankness or
candor. 5. Unusual mildness ; freedom from snow and
frost.
OP'E-RA, n. [It., Sp., Fr., from L. opera.'] A dramatic com-
position set to music and sung on the stage, accompanied
with musical instruments, and enriched with magnificent
dresses, machines, dancing, &c.
t OP'ER-A-BLE, a. Practicable. Brown.
fOP'ER-ANT, a. Having power to produce an efiect.
OP'ER-ATE, V. i. [L. operor ; Sp. operar ; Fr. operer.l 1.
To act ; to exert power or strength, physical or mechan-
ical. 2. To act or produce effect on the mind ; to exert
moral power or influence. — 3. In surgery, to perform some
manual act in a methodical manner upon a human body,
and usually with instruments, with a view to restore
soundness or health ; as in amputation, lithotomy and the
like. 4. To act; to have agency; to produce any efiect.
OP'ER-ATE, V. t. To efiect ; to produce by agency. Ham-
ilton. [JVTjt well authorized.]
OP-ER-AT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the opera. Busby.
OF'ER-A-TLNG, ppr. Acting; exerting agency or power;
performing some manual act in surgery.
OP-ER-A'TION, n. [L. operatio.] 1. The act or process of
operating ; agency ; the exertion of power, physical, me-
chanical or moral. 2. Action ; effect. 3. Process ; man-
ipulation ; series of acts in experiments. — 4. In surgery,
any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with
instruments, on the human body, with a view to heal a
part diseased, fractm-ed or dislocated, as in amputation,
&c. 5. Action or movements of an army or fleet. 6.
Movements of machinery. 7. Movements of any phys-
ical body.
OP EE-A-TlVE, a. 1. Having the power of acting ; exert-
ing force, physical or moral ; having or exerting agency ;
active in the production of effects. 2. Efficacious ; pro-
tiucing the efiiect.
OPER-A-TOR, 71. 1. He or that which operates; he or
that which produces an effect. — 2. In siirgery, the person
wlio performs some act upon the human body by means of
the hand, or with instruments.
O-PER'eU-LATE, \ a. [L. oTJercuZctu^.] In Sotawy, hav-
O-PER'CU-LA-TED, \ ing a lid or cover, as a capsule.
O-PER'eU-LI-FORM, a. [1,. operculum dcaA form.] Having
the form of a lid or cover.
OP-ER-oSE', a. [L. operosus.] Laborious ; attended with
labor ; tedious. Burnet.
OP-ER-oSE'NESS, 71. The state of being laborious.
r^OP-ER-OS'I-TY, n. Operation ; action. Bp. Hall.
OPE'TlDE, 71. [ope and tide.] The ancient time of mar-
riage, from Epiphany to Ash-Wednesday. Bp. Hall
O-PHID'I-AN, a. [Gr. o(l>Li.] Pertaining to serpents.
O-PHID'I-ON, n. [Gr. from o^t?.] A fish.
0-PHlIo-L06'r-€AL, i ""■ Pertaining to ophiology.
O-PHI-OL'0-GIST, n. One versed in the natural history of
serpents.
O-PHI-0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. o(pi5 and \0y05.] That part of
natural history which treats of serpents, or which arranges
rind describes the several kinds.
0-FHI-OM AN-CY, n. [Gr. ocpig and nav-eia.] In antiquity,
the art of divining or predicting events by serpents.
U-riII-0-M0RPH'6uS, a. [Gr. ocpis and nop^n.] Having
the form of a serpent. Ray.
O-PHI-OPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. o0£g and 0ayw.] Eating or
feeding on serpents. Brown.
n'PHITE, a. [Gr. o^t?.] Pertaining to a serpent.
O'PHITE, 71. [Gr. o(pi.Trii.] Green porphyry, or serpentine.
OPH-I-U'€HUS, 71. [Gr. o^iov)(Oi.] A constellation in the
northern hemisphere. Milton.
* OPH-THAL'Mie, a. Pertaining to the eye.
* OPH-THAL-MOS'€0-PY, 71. [Gr. o^SaX/zof and a/co-eaj.] A
branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a
man's temper and manner from the appearance of the eyes
*OPH'THAL-MY, n. [Gr. oq>Qa\iiLa.] A disease of the
_ eyes ; an inflammation of the eye or its appendages.
O'PI-ATE, 71. [from opium.] 1. Primarily, a medicine of a
thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium. 2
Any medicine that has the quality of inducing sleep or
repose; a narcotic. 3. That which induces rest or inac-
_ tion ; that which quiets uneasiness.
O'PI-ATE, a. I. Inducing sleep ; soporiferousness ; somnif-
erous ;^ narcotic. 2. Causing rest or inaction.
t OP'I-FlCE, n. [L. opificium.] WorltmEmship ; handywork
f O-PIF'I-CER, 7i. [L. opifez.] One who performs any work
Bentley.
1 0-PlN'A-BLE, a. [L. opinor.] That may be thought
t OP-I-Na'TION, 71. Act of thinking ; opinion. Diet.
1 0-PIN'A-TlVE, a. Stifi" in opinion. Burton.
I OP-1-Na'TOR, 71. One fond of his own opinions ; one w1k>
holds an opinion. Glanville.
O-PlNE', V. i. [L. opinor.] To think ; to suppose. South.
0-PlN'ED, (o-pindi) pp. Thought; conceived.
0-PlN'ER, n. One who thinks or holds an opinion.
O-PIN-IAS'TRE, t O-PIN-IAS'TROUS, or f O-PIN-Ia'-
TRE, a. [Fr. opiniatre.] Unduly attached to one's own
opinion, or stiff" in adhering to it. Raleigh.
f 0-PIN'IATE, V. t. To mauatain one's opinion with obsti-
nacj'. Barrow.
O-PIN'IA-TED, a. Unduly attached to one's own opinions.
0-PIN'IA-TiVE, a. 1. Very stiff' in adherence to precon-
ceived notions. 2. Imagined ; not proved.
0-PIN'IA-TiVE-NESS, n. Undue stiff^ness in opinion.
t O-PIJV-Ia'TOR, 7t. One unduly attached to his own opinion
* t 0-PIX-lA'TRE, a. Stiff" in opinion; obstinate. Barrow.
0-PIN-lA'TRE, 71. One fond of his own notions. Bar-
row.
t O-PIN-lA'TRE-TY, or f O-Pm'IA-TRY, n. Unreasonable
attachment to one's own notions; obstinacy in opin-
ions. Brown.
1 0-PlN'ING, ppr. Thmking.
fO-PlN'lNG, 71. Opinion ; notion. Taylor.
O-PIN'ION, (o-pin'yun) n. [Fr. ; L. opinio.] 1. The judg-
ment which the minu forms of any proposition, statement,
theory or event, the truth or falsehood of which is sup-
ported by a degree of evidence that renders it probable,
but does not produce absolute kuowledge or certainty.
2. The judgment or sentiments which the mind forms of
persons or their qualities. 3. Settled judgment or persua-
sion. 4. Favorable judgment ; estimation.
t O-PIN'ION, r. f. To think. Brown.
0-Pf N'lON-ATE, 1 a. Stiff" in opinion ; finnly or unduly
O-PIN'ION -A-TED, J adhering to one's own opinion ; ob-
stinate in opinion.
0-PIN'ION-ATE-LY, fldz). Obstinately; conceitedly.
0-PIN'ION-A-TiVE, a. Fond of preconceived notions;
unduly attached to one's own opinions. Burnet.
0-PIN'ION-A-TiV£-LY, adv. With undue fondness for
one's own opinions ; stubbornly.
O-PIN'ION- A-TiVE-NESS, 7i. Excessive attachment to
one's own opinions ; obstinacy m opinion.
0-PIN'IONED, a. Attached to particular opinions; con-
ceited. South,
0-PIN'ION-IST, 71. One fond of his own notions, or one
unduly attached to his own opinions. Glanville.
fO-PIPA-ROUS, ffl. [h. opiparus.] Sumptuous. Diet
t 0-PIP'A-ROUS-LY, adv. Sumptuously; abundantly.
0-PIS'THO-DOME, n. [Gr. o-iadm and 5o/^oj.] In Greece,
a part or place in the back part of a house.
t O-PIT-U-La'TION, 71. [L. opitulatio.] An aiding ; a help-
ing.
OTl-UM, 7!. [L. opium.] Opium is the inspissated juice of
the capsules of the papaver somniferum, or somniferous
white poppv with which the fields in Asia jNlinor are sown.
t o'PLE-TREE, 7£. [L. opulus.] The witch-hazel.
O-PO-BAL'SAM, n. [L.] The balm or balsam of Gilead.
OP-0-DEL'DOe, 71. 1. The name of a plaster. 2. A sapo-
naceous camphorated liniment. J\''icholson.
O-PO'PA-N.IX, n. [L.l A gum-resin.
O-POS'SUM, n. A quadruped of the genus didelphis.
OP PI-DAN, 71. [L. oppidanus.] 1. An inhabitant of a town ,
[not used.] 2. An appellation given to the students of
Eton school in England.
t OP'PI-DAN, a. Pertaining to a town. Howell.
t OP-PIG 'NER- ATE, v. t. [L. oppignero.] To pledge ; to
pawn. Bacon.
OP'PI-LATE, v. t. [L. oppilo.] To crowd together ; to fill
with obstructions.
OP-PI-La'TION, n. The act of filling or crowding together ;
a stopping by redundant matter. Harvey.
OP'PI-LA-TlVE, a. [Fr. oppilatif.] Obstmctive.
t OP-PLeT'ED, a. [L. oppletusA FiUed ; crowded.
t OP-PoNE', V. t. [L. oppono.] To oppose. B. Jonson.
OP-Po'NEN-CY, 71. The opening of an academical disputa-
tion ; the proposition of objections to a tenet ; an exercise
for a degree. Todd.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, f long.—FKB., FALL, WH>A.T :— PRgY ;— PIN, MARJNE, BIRD]
t Obsolete
OPP
573
ORA
OP-Po'NENT, a. [L. opponeTis.} That opposes; opposite;
adverse. Prior,
OP-PO'XEXT, 71. One that opposes ; particularly, one that
opposes in controversy, disputation or argument. It is
correlative to defendant or respondent. Opponent may
sometimes be used for adversary, and for antagonist, but
not with strict propriety, as the word does not necessarily
imply enmity nor bodily strife. Nor is it well used in the
sense of rival or competitor.
OP-POR-TuNE', a. [L. opportunus.] Present at a proper
time ; seasonable ; timely ; well-timed.
t OP-POR-TuNE', V. t. To suit. Br. Clarice.
OP-POR-TuNE'LY, adv. Seasonably ; at a time favorable
for f he purpose.
OP-POR-Tu'NI-T^, n. [L. opportunitas.] 1. Fit or con-
venient time ; a time favorable for the purpose ; suitaWe
time combined with other favorable circumstances. 2.
Convenient means.
t OP-Po'SAL, rt. Opposition. Herbert.
OP-PoSE', V. t. [Ft. opposer.] 1. To set against : to put in
opposition, with a view to counterbalance or countervail,
and thus to hinder, defeat, destroy or prevent effect. 2.
To act against ; to resist, either by pliysical means, by ar-
guments or other means. 3. To check ; to resist effectu-
ally. 4. To place in front ; to set opposite. 5. To act
against, as a competitor.
OP-PoSE', v.i. 1. To act adversely ; [obs.] Shak. 2. To
object or act against in controversy.
OP-PoS'ED, (op-pozd') pp. 1. Set in opposition ; resisted.
2. a. Being in opposition in principle or in act ; adverse.
Jay.
t OP-PoSE'LESS, a. Not to be opposed ; irresistible.
OP-PoS'ER, 7!. 1. One that opposes ; an opponent in party,
in principle, in controversy or argument. 2. One who
acts in opposition ; one who resists. 3. An antagonist ;
an adversary ; an enemy ; a rival.
OP'PO-SiTE, a. [Ft. ; L. oppositus.] 1. Standmg or situ-
ated in front ; facing. 2. Adverse ; repugnant. 3. Con-
trary. — 4. In botany, growing in paii-s, each pair decus-
sated or crossing that above and below it.
OPTO-SiTE, n. 1. An opponent; an adversary ; an enemy ;
an antagonist. 2. 'That which is opposed or contrary.
OP'PO-SlTE-LY, adv. 1. In front; in a situation to face
each other. 2. Adversely ; against each other.
OP'PO-SlTE-NESS, 71. The state of being opposite or con-
trary.
OP-POS-I-TI-FO'LI-OUS, a. {1j. oppositus SJiA foliuin.'] In
botany, opposite to the leaf. Lee.
OP-PO-Si'TION, n. [L. oppositio.'] I. Situation so as to
front something else ; a standing over against. 2. The
act of opposing ; attempt to check, restrain or defeat. 3.
Obstacle. 4. Resistance. 5. Contrariety ; repugnance in
principle. 6. Contrariety of interests, 'measures or de-
signs. 7. Contrariety or diversity of meaning. 8. Con-
tradiction ; inconsistency. 9. The collective body of op-
posers ; the party that opposes.— 10. Jn astronomy, the
situation of two heavenly bodies, when distant from each
other 180 desrees.
OP-PO-Sl'TION-IST, 71. One that belongs to the party op-
posing the administration.
OP-PO?'I-TlVE, a. That may be put in opposition.
OP-PRESS', V. t. [Fr. oppresser : L. oppressus.] ]. To load
or burden with unreasonable impositions ; to treat with
unjust severity, rigor or hardship. 2. To overpower ; to
overburden. 3. To sit or lie heavy on.
OP-PRESS'ED, (op-presf) ]ip. Burdened with unreasonable
impositions ; overpowered ; overburdened ; depressed.
OP-PRESS ING, ppr. Overburdening.
OP-PRES'SION, 7!. 1. The act of oppressing ; the imposi-
tion of unreasonable burdens, either in taxes or services ;
cruelty ; severity. 2. The state of being oppressed or
overburdened ; misery. 3. Hardship ; calamity. 4. De-
pression ; dullness of spirits ; lassitude of body. 5. A
sense of heaviness or weight in the breast, &c.
OP-PRESS'IVE, a. 1. Unreasonably burdensome ; unjustly
severe. 2. Tyrannical. 3. Heavy; overpowering ; over-
whelming.
OP-PRESS'IVE-LY_, adv. In a manner to oppress ; with un-
reasonable severitv. Burke.
OP-PRESS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being oppress-
ive.
OP-PRESS'OR, 71. One that oppresses ; one that imposes
unjust burdens on others : one that harasses others with
unjust laws or unreasonable severity.
OP-PRo BRI-OUS, a. [See OppROBRirM.] 1. Reproachful
and contemptuous ; scurrilous. 2. Blasted with infcuny ;
despised : rendered hateful. Milton.
OP-PRO BRI-OUS-LY, adv. With reproach mingled with
contempt ; scurrilouslv. Shak.
OP-PRO'BRI-OUS-NESS, n. Reproachfulness mingled with
contempt ; scurrility.
OP-PRo'BRI-UM, n. [L. oh and pro&T-wm.] Reproach min-
gled with contempt or disdain.
OP'PRO-BRY, n. Opprobrium. Johnson.
OP-PCGN', (op-puue') v. t. [L. oppugnc] To attack ; to
oppose ; to resist.
OP-PUG NAX-CY, 77. Opposifion ; resistance. Shak.
OP-PUG'NANT, a. Resisting ; opposing ; repugnant.
OP-PUG-Na'TION, 71. Opposition; resistance. Hall.
OP-PrGN'ED, (op-pund') j:)p. Opposed; resisted.
* OP-PuGN'ER, (op-pun'er) n. One who opposes or attacks :
that^ which opposes. Boyle.
OP-PdGN ING, (op-pun'ing)^r. Attacking; opposing.
OP-SIM'A-THY, 71. \Gt. o^niaeaa.'] Late education ; edu-
cation late in life. [Little used.] Hales.
t OP-SO-Na'TION, 71. [L. obsono..] A catering ; a buying ot
provisions. Diet.
fOP'TA-BLE, a. [L. optaMlis.] Desirable.
f OP'TATE, V. t. [L. opto.] To choose ; to wish for ; to de-
sire. Cotgrave.
OP-Ta'TION, 77. [1,. optatio.] A desiring. Peacham.
* OP'TA-TIVE, a. [L. optativus.] Expressing desire or wish
The optative mode, in grammar, is that form of the verb
in which wish or desire is expressed.
*OP'TA-TlVE, 77. Something to be desired. [L. u.] Bacon
OPTIC, or OP'TI-€AL, a. [Gr. orrrt*:©?.] 1. Relating or
pertaining to vision or sight. 2. Relating to the science of
optics.
OP'TIC, n. An organ of sight. Trumbull.
OP-Tl"CIAN, n. . 1. A person skilled in the science of op-
tics. 2. One who makes or sells optic glasses and instru-
ments.
OP<TICS, 77. The science which treats of light and the phe-
nomena of vision. Encyc.
OP'TI-MA-CY, 71. [L. optimates.] The body of nobles ; the
aobility. Howell.
OFTI-MISM, 77. [L. optimus.'] The opinion or doctrine that
every thing in nature is ordered for the best ; or the order
of things in the universe that is adapted to produce the
most go^d. Paley.
OP-TIM'I-TY, 77. The state of bemg best.
OPTION, n. [1,. optio.] 1. The power of choosing ; the
right of choice or election. 2. The power of wishing ;
wish. 3. Choice ; election ; preference.
OP'TION-AL, a. 1. Left to one's wish or choice ; depend-
ing on choice or preference. 2. Leaving something to
choice. Blackstone.
OP'U-LEXCE, 71. [L. opulentia.] Wealth; riches; afflu-
ence. [Opulency is little used.] Sicift.
OP'U-LENT, a. [L. opulentus.] WeaHhy ; rich; affluent;
having a large estate or property. South.
OP'U-LENT-LY, adv. Richly ; with abundance or splendor.
O-PUS'CULE, 77. [L. opiisculum.'] A small work. Jones.
OR, a termination of Latin nouns, is a contraction of vir, a
man, or frc«n the same radix. The same word vir is, in
our mother tongue, uoer, and from this we have the Eng-
lish termination er. It denotes an agent, as in actor,
creditor.
OR, conj. [Sax. other ; G. oder.l A connective that marks an
alternative ; as, " you may read or may write." It corre-
sponds to either : as, you may either ride to London, or to
Windsor. It often connects a series of words or proposi-
tions, presenting a choice of either ; as, he may study law
or medicine or divinity, or he may enter into trade. — Or
sometimes begins a sentence, but in this case it expresses
an alternative with the foregoing sentence. Matt. vii. and
ix. — In poetry, oris sometimes used for either. — Or ever.
In this phrase, or is supposed to be a corruption of ere,
Sax. (Bve, before ; that is, before ever.
OR, in heraldni, gold. [Fr. or ; L. aw-um.]
ORACH, or OEvRA-CH, 77. A plant of the genus atriplex,
used as a substitute for spinage.
OR'A-€LE, 11. [Fr. ; Tj. oraculum.] 1. Among 7)00-0775, the
answer of a god or some person reputed to be a god, to an
inquiry made respecting some affair of importance. 2.
The deity who gave or was supposed to give answers to
inquiries. 3. The place where the answers were given. —
4. Among Christians, oracles, in the plural, denotes the
communications, revelations or messages delivered by
God to prophets. 5. The sanctuary or most holy place in
the temple. 1 Kings vi. 6. Any person or place where
certain decisions a"re obtained. Pope. 7. Any person re-
puted uncommonly wise, whose opinions aie of great au-
thority. 8. A wise sentence or decisic n of great authority.
OR'A-CLE, V. I. To utter oracles. Milton.
0-RAC'U-LAR, or 0-RAC'U-LOUS, a. 1. Uttering oracles.
2. Grave ; venerable ; like an oracle. 3. Positive ; au-
thoritative ; magisterial. 4. Obscure ; ambiguous, like
the oracles of pagan deities.
0-RA€'U-LAR-LY, or 0-RAC'U-LOUS-LY, adv. 1. In
the manner of an oracle. 2. Authoritativelv ; positively.
O-RACU-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of being oracular.
OR'AI-SON, (or'e-zun) n. [Fr. oraison ; L. oratio.] Prayer,
verbal supplication or oral worship ; now written orison.
O'RAL, a. [Fr. ; L. 05, oris.] Uttered by the mouth or in
words ; spoken, not written .
O'RAL-LY, adv. By mouth ; in words, without writing.
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete
ORC
574
OKD
OR'AN(jE, n. [Fr. ; Ii. aurantium.] The fruit of a species
of citrus whicb grows in warm climates.
OR'AN6E-MUSK, n. A species of pear.
0R'AN6E-PEEL, n. The rind of an orange separated from
the fruit.
*OR'AN-6ER-T,7i. [Ft. orangerie.] A plantation of orange-
trees. Johnson.
OK AN6E-TAW-NY, a. Of the color of an orange.
OR'AN6E-WiFE, tu A woman that sells oranges.
O'RANG-OU'TANG, n. The satyr or great ape, {simia
satyrus,) an animal with a flat face and deformed resem-
blance of the human form.
O-Ra'TION, n. [L. oratio.] 1. A speech or discourse com-
posed according to the rules of oratory, and si)oken in
public. — 2. In modern usage, the word is applied chiefly
to discourses pronounced on special occasions. 3. A har-
angue ; a public speech or address.
t ()-Ra'TION, v. i. To make a speech ; to harangue.
OR'A-TOR, n. [L.] 1. A public speaker. — 2. In modern
usage, a person who pronounces a discourse publicly on
some special occasion, as on the celebration of some memo-
rable event. 3. An eloquent puolic speaker ; a speaker,
by way of eminence. — 4. In France, a speaker in debate in
a legislative body. — 5. In chancery, a petitioner. 6. An
officer in the universities in England.
OR-A-To'RI-AL, or OR-A-TOR'I-OAL, a. Pertaining to an
orator or to oratory ; rhetorical ; becoming an orator.
OR-A-To'RI-AL-LY, or OIl-A-TOR'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a
rhetorical manner. Taylor.
OR-A-To'RI-0, 71. [It.] 1. In Italian music, a sacred drama
of dialogues. -2. A place of worship ; a chapel,
t OR-A-To'RI-OUS. The same as oratorial.
t OR-A-To'RI-OUS-LY. The same as oratorically.
OR'A-TO-RY, w. [Low L. oraforiffl.] 1. The art of speaking
well, or of speaking according to the rules of rhetoric, in
order to persuade. 2, Exercise of eloquence, — 3, Among
tlie Romanists, a close apartment near a bed-chamber, for
private devotions, 4, A place allotted for prayer, or a
place for public worship,
OR' \-TR^^' i ^' ^ female orator. Warner.
ORB, 71. [L. orhis ; Fr,, It., Sp. orbe.] 1, A spiierical body,
— 2. In astronomy, a hollow globe or sphere. 3. A wheel ;
a circular body that revolves or rolls. 4. A circle ; a
sphere defined by a line, 5. A circle described by any
mundane sphere ; an orbit, 6. Period ; revolution of
tiiiie, 7, The eye. — 8, In tactics, the circular form of a
body of troops, or a circular body of troops.
ORB, V. t. To form into a circle. Milton.
OTIB'ATE, a. [L, oriatus.'] Bereaved ; fatherless ; child-
less.
t OR-BA'TiON, n. [L. orbatio.] Privation of parents or
children, or privation in generaL
ORBED, a. 1, Round ; circular ; orbicular, 2, Formed
into a circle or round shape. 3, Rounded or covered on
the exterior.
ORB'ie, a. Spherical. Bacon.
OR-BI€'U-LAR, a. [Fr. orbiculaire ; L, orbiculus.] Spher-
ical ; circular ; in the form of an orb. Addison.
OR-BI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. Spherically.
OR-BI€'Lr-LAR-NESS, n. Sphericity ; the state of being
orbicular.
OR-BI€'U-LATE, ) a. [L, orbiculatus.] Made or being
OR-BI€'U-LA-TED, ( in the form of an orb,— In botany,
an orbiculate or orbicular leaf is one that has the periphery
of a circle, or both its longitudinal and transverse diame-
ters equal,
OR-BI€-U-La'TION, n. The state of being made in the
form ot an orb. More.
ORB'IS, or ORB'-FISH, n. A fish of a circular form,
ORB'IT, 71. [Fr. 07-bite ; L, orbita.] 1. In astronomy, the
path of a planet or comet ; the curve line which a planet
describes in its periodical revolution round its central
body, 2, A small orb j [not proper.] Young. — 3. In anat-
omy, the cavity in which the eye is situated.
OrSiT'U^Al ( "" Pertaining to the orbit. Hooper.
ORB'I-TUDE,') 71, [L. orbitas.] Bereavement by loss of
ORB'I-TY, ) parents or children, [Little used.]
ORB'Y, a. Resembling an orb. Chapman.
one, 71. [h. orca.] A sea-fish, a species of whale.
OReHAL, OR €HEL, or OR'OHIL, See Archil.
OR'CHA-NET, n. A plant, anchusa tinctoria.
ORCHARD, n. [Sax. ortgeard.] An inclosure for fruit-
trees.
OR'CHARD-ING, 71. 1, The cultivation of orchards, £t)eZ?/w,
2, Orchards in general. United States.
OR'CHARD-IST, n. One that cultivates orchards.
OR'CHES-TRE, ) n. [L. orchestra.] 1, The part of a
OR'GHES-TER, > theatre or other public place appro-
* OR'€HES-TRA, ) priated to the musicians. 2, The
body of performers in the orchestre. Busby.
OR'OHES-TRAL, a. Pertaining to an orchestre ; suitable
for or oerformed in an orchestre. Busby.
OR'€HIS, n. [L. orchis.] A genus of plants
ORD, 71. [Sax.] An edge or point ; as in ordhelm —Ord
signifies beginning j as in ords and ends.
OR-DaIN', v. t. [L. ordino ; Fr. ordohner.] 1, Properly, to
set ; to establish in a particular office or order ; hence, to
invest with a ministerial function or sacerdotal power,
2, To appoint ; to decree, 3. To set ; to establish : to Ju-
stitute ; to constitute, 4, To set apart for an office to
appoint. 5. To appoint ; to prepare,
OR-DaTN'A-BLE, a. That may be appointed. Hall.
OR-DaIN'ED, (or-dand') pp. Appointed ; instituted ; estab-
lished ; invested with ministerial or pastoral functions ;
settled,
OR-DAIN'ER, 77, One who ordains, appoints or invests
with sacerdotal powers,
OR-DaIN'ING, ppr. Appointing ; estaoIJshing ; investing
with sacerdotal or pastoral functions,
* OR'DE-AL, 7?, [Sax. ordal, or ordcel ; G. urtheil ; D. ordeel.]
1, An ancient form of trial to determine guilt or inno-
cence, practiced by the rude nations of Europe, and still
practiced in the East Indies, — In England, the ordeal was
of two sorts, fire-ordeal and icater-ordcal ; the former be-
ing confined to pei-sons of higher rank, the latter to the
common people, — Fire-ordeal was performed either by
taking in the hand a piece of red-hot iron, or by walking
barefoot and blindfold over nine red-hot ploughshares, —
Wate^-ordeal was performed, either by plunging the bare
arm to the elbow in boiling water, or by casting the per-
son suspected into cold water. 2. Severe trial ; accurate
scrutiny,
OR'DER, n. [L, ordo ; Fr, ordre.] 1. Regular disposition
or methodical arrangement of things. 2, Proper state, 3.
Adherence to the point in discussion, according to estab-
lished rules of debate. 4. Established mode of proceed-
ing. 5. Regularity; settled mode of operation, 6. Man-
date ; precept ; command ; authoritative direction, 7.
Rule 3 regulation, 8. Regular government or discipline.
9. Rank; class; division of men, 10. A religious frater-
nity, II. A division of natural objects, generally inter-
mediate between class and genus. 12. Measures ; care. —
13. In rhetoric, the placing of words and members in a
sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and
beauty of expression, or to the clear illustration of the
subject. 14. The title of certain ancient books containing
the divine office and manner of its performance. — 15. In
architecture, a system of several members, ornaments and
proportions of columns and pilasters. The orders are five,
the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. — In
orders, set apart for the performance of divine service. —
In order, for the purpose ; to the end ; as means to an
end. — General orders, the commands or notices which a
military commander-in-chief issues to the troops under his
command.
OR'DER, v.t. 1, To regulate ; to methodize ; to systemize ;
to adjust ; to subject to system in management and exe-
cution. 2, To lead ; to conduct ; to subject to rules or
laws, 3, To direct ; to command. 4, To manage ; to
treat. 5. To ordain ; [obs.] 6. To direct ; to dispose in
any particular manner,
OR'DER, V. i. To give command or direction, Milton.
OR'DERED, pp. Regulated ; methodized ; disposed ; com-
manded ; managed,
OR'DER-ER, 71, 1, One that gives orders. 2. One that
methodizes or regulates.
OR'DER-ING, ppr. Regulating ; systemizing ; command-
ing; disposing,
OR'DER-ING, n. Disposition ; distribution. 2 Chron. xxiv.
OR'DER-LESS, a. Without regularity ; disorderly.
0R'DER-LI-NES3, n. 1, Regularity; a state of being me-
thodical, 2. The state of being orderly.
OR'DER-LY, a. 1. Methodical ; regular, 2. Obsei-vant of
order or method, 3, Well regulated ; performed in good
order ; not tumultuous. 4, According to established
method, 5, Not unruly ; not inclined to break from in-
closures ; peaceable, — Orderly sergeant, a military officer
who attends on a superior officer,
OR'DER-LY", adv. Methodically; according to due order;
regularly ; according to rule,
t OR-DI-NA-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability of being appointed.
f OR'DI-NA-BLE, a. Such as may be appointed. Hammond.
OR'DI-NAL, a. [L. ordinalis ; Fr. ordinal.] Noting order ;
as the ordinal numbers, first, second, &c.
OR'DI-NAL, n. 1. A number noting order. 2. A book
containing the order of divine service ; a ritual, Encyc.
OR'DI-NANCE, n [It, ordinama ; Fr, ordonnance,] 1. A
rule established by authority ; a permanent rule of action.
2. Observance con.;nanded. 3, Appointment. 4. Estab-
lished rite or ceremony.
t OR'DI-NANT, a. [L, ordinans.] Ordaining ; decreeing.
OR'DI-NA-RI-LY, adv. Primarily, according to established
rules or settled method ; hence, commonly ; usually ; in
most cases,
* OR'DI-NA-RY, a. [L. ordinarius.] 1. According to estab-
lished order; methodical; regular; customary. 2. Com-
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, ioTi^.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;- PRgY ;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
ORG
575
ORK
mon -, usual. 3. Of common rank ; not distinguished by
superior excellence. 4. Plain ; not handsome. 5. Infe-
rior ; of little merit. 6. An ordinary seaman is one not
expert or fully skilled.
* OR'DI-NA-RY, n. 1. In the commcn and canon law, one
who has ordinary or immediate jurisdiction in matters
ecclesiastical ; an ecclesiastical judge. 2. Settled estab-
lishment. 3. Eegular price of a meal. 4. A place of eat-
ing where the prices are settled. 5. The establishment
of persons employed by government to take charge of
ships of war laid up in harbors. — In ordinary, in actual
and constant service ; statedly attending and serving.
t OR'DI-NATE, V. t. To appoint.
OR'DI-NATE, a. [L. ordinatus.] Regular; methodical.
OR'DI-NATE, n. In geometry and conic sections, a line
drawn from any point of the circumference of an ellipsis
or other conic section, perpendicularly across the axis to
the other side.
OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. In a regular methodical manner.
OR-DI-Na'TION, 71. [L.ordiiiatio.] 1. The state of being
ordained or appointed ■ established order or tendency
consequent on a decree, 2. The act of conferring holy
orders or sacerdotal power ; called, also, consecration. — 3.
In the Presbyterian and Congregational churches, the act of
settling or establishing a licensed clergyman over a church
and congregation with pastoral charge and authority ;
also, the act of conferring on a clergyman the powers of
a settled minister of the gospel, witliout the charge of a
particular church.
OR'DI-NA-TlVE, a. Directing ; giving order. Cotgrave.
ORD'NANCE, n. Cannon or great guns ; artillery.
OR'DON-NANCE, n. [Fr.] In fainting, the disposition of
the parts of a picture. Cyc.
OR'DURE, n. [Fr.] Dung ; excrements. Shak.
ORE, n. [Sax. ore, ora.l 1. The compound of a metal and
some other substance, as oxygen, sulphur or carbon, called
its mineraliter. 2. Metal.
O'RE-AD, n. [Gr. o^oi.] A mountain nymph.
orI-woSd:!"-^^^-^^^'^-^-^"'-
ORF'GILb, n. [Sax. orf and geld.'] The restitution of
goods or money stolen, if taken in the day time.
OR'FRAYS, n. [Fr. or/roi.] Fringe of gold 3 gold embroid-
ery.
OR'GAL, n. Argal 3 lees of wine dried ; tartar.
OR'GAN, w. [L. organnm; Gx.o^yavov ^ Sp., It. organo ;
Fr. organe.] 1. A natural instrument of action or opera-
tion, or by which some process is carried on. 9. The
instrument or means of conveyance or communication.
3. The largest and most harmonious of wind instruments
of music, consisting of pipes which are filled with wind,
and stops touched by the fingers.
t OR'GAN, V. t. To form organically. Mannyngham.
OR'GAN-BUiLD-£R, 71. An artist whose occupation is to
construct organs.
OR-GAN'I€, ) a. [L. m-ganicus.] I. Pertaining to an
OR-GAN'I-€AL, ] organ or to organs ; consisting of or-
gans or containing them. 2. Produced by the organs, 3,
Instrumental ; acting as instruments of natm-e or art to a
certain end, — Organic bodies are such as possess organs,
on the action of which depend their growth and perfec-
tion; as animals and plants. — Organic remains are the
remains of living bodies petrified or imbedded in stone,
OR-GAN'I-eAL-LY, adv. 1. WitJi organs ; with organical
structure or disposition of parts, 2, By means of organs,
OR-GAN'I-€AL-NESS, n. The state of being organical.
OR'GAN-ISM, n. Organical structure. Orew.
OR'GAN-IST, 71, 1. One who plays on the organ, 2, One
who sung in parts ; an old musical use of the icord.
OR-GAN-I-Za'TION, n. The act or process of foi-ming or-
gans or instruments of action, 2. The act of forming or
an-anging the parts of a compound or complex body in a
suitable manner for use or service ; the act of distributing
into suitable divisions, and appointing the proper officers,
as an army or a government, Pickering. 3. Structure ;
form : suitable disposition of parts which are to act to-
gether in a compound body.
OR'GAN-iZE, V. t. [Fr, organiser.l 1. To form with suit-
able organs ; to construct so that one part may cooperate
with another. 2. To sing in parts. 3. To distribute
into suitable parts, and appoint proper officers, that the
whole may act as one body. W. Cranch.
OR'GAN-lZED, pp. Formed with organs ; constructed or-
ganically ; systemized ; reduced to a form in which all
the parts may act together to one end.
OR'GAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Constructing with suitable organs ;
reducing to system in order to produce united action to
one end.
OR'GAN-LOFT, n. The loft where an organ stands. Tat-
ler.
OR-GAN-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to organogra-
OR-GAN-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, ] phy.
OR-GAN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. opyavov and ypa^u).] In
botany, a description of the organs of plants, or of the
names and kinds of their organs.
OR'GAN-PiPE, 71. The pipe of a musical organ. Shak.
OR'GAN-STOP, n. The stop of an organ, or any collection
of pipes under one general name. Busby.
OR'GA-NY. See Origan.
OR'GAN-ZINE, n. Silk twisted into threads ; thrown silk.
OR'GA^iM, n. [Gr. opyaaixos.] Immoderate excitement or
action. Blackmore.
OR'GE-AT, n. [Fr.] A liquor extracted from barley and
sweet almonds. Mason.
0R'6E-IS, n. A fish, called also organ-ling.
OR'GlES, n. flu. [Gr. opyia ; L. orgia ; Fr. orgies.] Fran
tic revels at, the feast in honor of Bacchus, or the feast
itself. Dryden.
tOR'GIL-LOUS, a. [Fr. orgueilleux.] Proud ; haughty.
0R'GUES,7i. [Fr.] 1. In the miiifar?/ ari, long, thick pieces
of timber, pointed and shod with iron and hung over a
gateway, to be let down in case of attack, 2, A machine
composed of several musket barrels united, by means of
which several explosions are made at once to defend
breaches,
OR-I-€IIAL'€UM, ) n. [L, orichalcum, or aurichalcum.] A
OR'I-CHALCH, \ metallic substance resembling gold
in color, but inferior in value ; the brass of the ancients,
_ Spc-nser.
O'RI-EL, or O'RI-OL, n. [Old Fr. oriol.] A small apart-
ment next a hall, where particular persons dine ; a sort
of recess. Cowsl.
O'RI-EiV-CY, n. Brightness or strength of color. [L. u.]
O'RI-EJNT, a. [L. oriens.] I. Rising, as the sun. 2. East-
_ ern ; oriental, 3, Bright; shining; glittering.
O'RI-ENT, n. The east ; the part of the horizon where tfce
sun first appears in the morning.
O-RI-ENT'AL, a. Eastern ; situated in the east, 2. Pro-
<;eeding from the east.
O-RI-ENT'AL, 71. A nacive or inhabitant of some eastern
part of the world,
O-RI-ENT'AL-ISM, n. An eastern mode of speech ; an id-
iom of the eastern languages. Warton.
0-RI-ENT'AL-IST, n. 1. An inhabitant of the eastern
parts of the world. 2. One versed in the eastern languages
and literature.
t 0-RI-EN-TAL'I-TY, n. The state of being oriental.
ORT-FiCE, n. [Fr. ; L. orificium.] The mouth or aper-
ture of a tube, pipe or other cavity.
OR'I-FLAMB, 71. [Fr, orifiamme.] The ancient royal stand-
ard of France, Mnsworth.
O-RIg'^-NUM "• i^^'^ Marjoram, a genus of plants.
OR'I-GEN-ISM, n. The doctrines or tenents of Origen.
OR'I-GEN-IST, n. A follower of Origen of Alexandria.
ORT-GIN, 71. [Fr., It. orlgine ; Sp. origen ; L. 07-igo.] 1. The
first existence or beginning of any thing. 2. Fountain ;
source ; cause ; that from which any thing primarily pro-
ceeds.
O-RIG'I-NAL, 71. 1. Origin; [see Origin.] 2. First copy ;
archetype ; that from which any thing is transcribed or
translated, or from which a likeness is made by the pen-
cil, press or otherwise.
0-RlG'I-NAL, a. [Fr, originel ; L. originalis.] I. First in
order ; preceding all others. 2. Primitive ; pristine.- 3.
Having the power to originate new thoughts or combina-
tions of thought.
0-RIG-I-NAL'l-TY, n. 1. The quality or state of being
original. 2. The power of originating or producing new
thoughts, or uncommon combinations of thought.
0-lllG'I-NAL-LY, adv. 1. Primarily ; from 'the beginning
or origin, 2. At first; at the origin, 3. By the .first au
thor.
0-RIG'I-NAL-NESS, n. The quality or state of being orig
inal.
0-Rl6'I-NA-RY, a. [Fr. originaire.] \. Productive ; caus
ing existence. 2, Primitive ; original ; [little used.]
0-RlG'I-NATE,7;. t. To cause to be; to bring into exist
ence ; to produce what is new. Burke.
0-RlG'I-NATE, V. i. To take first existence ; to liave
origin ; to be begun.
0-RlG'I-NA-TED, pp. Brought into existence
0-RlG'I-NA-TING, ppr. Bringing into existence.
0-RIG-I-Na'TION, 71. 1, The act of bringing or coming
into existence ; fii-st production. 2. Mode of production
or bringing into being.
0-RIL'LON, n. [Fr.] In fortification, a rounding of earth,
faced with a wall, raised on the shoulder of those bastions
that have casements, to cover the cannon in the retired
_ flank, and prevent their being dismounted.
O'RI-0LE,7i. A genus of birds of the order of picas.
O-Rl'ON, 71, [Gr. wptwv.] A constellation in the southern
hemisphere^ Cv^ntaining seventy-eight stars,
OR'I-SON, 71. [Fr. oraison ; L. oratio.] A prayer or sup-
plication. Milton.
ORK, 71. [L. 07-cffl.] A fish.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z : CH as SII ; TU as ,n this. " Obsolets
ORT
576
OSS
ORLE, n. In heraldry, an ordinary in the form of a fillet,
round the shield.
OR'LET, } n. [Fr. ourlet ; It. orlo.] In architecture, a fillet
OR'LO, ) under the ovolo of a capital.
OR'LOP, n. [D. overloop.] In a ship of war, a platform of
planks laid over the beams in the hold, on which the
cables are usually coiled.
OR NA-MENT, 71. [h. ornamentum.] 1. That which em-
bellishes ; something which, added to another thing,
renders it more beautiful to the eye. — 2. In architecture,
ornaaients are sculpture or carved work. 3. Embellish-
ment ; decoration ; additional beauty.
OR'NA-MENT, v. t. To adorn ; to deck ; to embellish.
OR-NA-MENT'AL, a. Serving to decorate ; giving addi-
tional beauty j embellishing. Brown.
OR-NA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to add
embellishment.
OR'NA-MENT-ED,;>p. Decorated ; embellished j beautified.
Shenstone.
OR'NA-MENT-ING, ppr. Decorating ; embellishing.
OR'NATE, a. [L. omatus.'] Adorned ; decorated ; beauti-
ful. Milton.
OR'NATE-LY, adv. With decoration. Skelton.
OR'NATE-NESS, n. State of being adorned.
OR'NA-TURE, ?i. Decoration. [Little used.]
OR-NIS-€OP'I€S, 71. Divination by the observation of
fowls. Bailey.
OR-NIS'CO-PIST, n. [Gr. opvis and aKoireu).] One who
views the flight of fowls in order to foretell future events
by their manner of flight. [Little used.]
OR-NITH'O-LITE, n. A petrified bird.
OR-NI-THO-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to ornithology.
0R-NI-THOL'O-6lST, n. A person who is skilled in the
natural history of fowls, who understands their form,
structure, habits and uses ; one who describes birds.
0R-NI-TIi0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. opvi? and Xoyos.] The sci-
ence of fowls, which comprises a knowledge of their
form, structure, habits and uses.
OR-NITH'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. opvis and navreta.] Au-
guiy, a species of divination by means of fowls, their
flight, &c.
0R-U-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a description of moun-
tains.
0-ROL'O-GIST, n. A describer of mountains.
O-FcOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. opos and Xoyos.] The science or de-
scription of mountains.
ORPHAN, n. [Gr. op<pavog ; It. orfano ; Fr. arphelin.] A
child who is bereaved of father or mother, or of both.
OK'PHAN, a. Bereaved of parents. Sidney.
OR'PHAN-AGE, or OR'PHAN-ISJVI, n. The state of an or-
phan. Sherwood.
OR'PHANED, a. Bereft of parents or friends.
OR-PHA-NOT'RO-PHY, 7!. [Gr. op(l>avos and Tpo<pr].] A
hospital for orphans. Todd.
OR'PHE-AN, or OR'PHI€, a. Pertaining to Orpheus, the
poet and musician. Bryant.
OR'PHE-US, n. A fish found in the Mediterranean.
OR'PI-MENT, 7). [L. auripigmentum.] Sulphuret of arsenic.
OR'PINE, 71. [Fr. orpin.] A plant.
OR'RAOH. See Orach.
OR'RE-RY, 71. A machine so constructed as to represent,
by tlie movements of its parts, the motions and pheises of
the planets in their orbits.
)R'P»IS, n. 1. The plant iris ; fieur de lis or flag-flower. 2.
[qu. orfrais.] A sort of gold or silver lace.
ORT, 71. A fragment ; refuse. Shak.
OR'TA-LON, n. A small bird of the genus alauda.
OR'THITE, n. [Gr. opBos.] A mineral.
OR-THO-CER'A-TITE, n. [Gr. opQos and Ktpas.] The
name of certain fossil univalve shells.
OR'THO-DOX, a. 1. Sound in the Christian faith ; believing
the genuine doctrines taught in the Scriptures. 2. Ac-
cording with the doctrines of Scripture.
t OR-THO-DOX'AL. The same as orthodox.
OR'THO-DOX-LY, adv. With soundness of faith. Bacon.
OR'THO-DOX-NESS, n. The state of being sound in the
faith, or of according witii the doctrines of Scripture.
OR'THO-DOX-Y, n. [Gr. opdoho^ia.] 1, Soundness of
faith ; a belief in the genuine doctrines taught in the Scrip-
tures. 2. Consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines,
OR-THO-DROM'ie, a. Pertaining to orthodromy.
OR-THO-DROM'I€S, n. The art of sailing in the arc of a
great circle, which is the shortest distance between any
two points on the surface of the globe.
OR'THO-DRO-MY, n. [Gr. opQos and 6po//oj.] The sailing
in a straight course,
OR-THO-EP'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to orthoepy.
* OR THO-E-PIST, n. One who pronounces words correct-
ly, or who is well skilled in pronunciation.
* OR'THO-E-PY, 71, [Gr. opQoc-Kaa.] The art of uttering
words with propriety ; a. correct pronunciation of words.
JVares.
OR'THO-GON, 71. [Gr, opQos and ydivta.] A rectanguiai
figure. Peacham.
OR-THOG'O-NAL, a. Right-angled ; rectangular.
OR-THOG'RA-PHER, 71. One that spells words correctly,
according to common usage. Shak.
OR-THO-GRAPH'I€, ; a. 1, Correctly spelled : written
OR-THO-GRAPH'I-CAL, \ with the proper letters. 2.
Perta:ning to the speUing of words.
OR-THO-GRAPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. I. According to the
rules of proper spelling. 2. In the manner of orthograph-
ic projection.
OR-THOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. opBoypacpia.] 1. The art of
writing words with the proper letters, according to com-
mon usage, 2. The part of grammar which treats of the
nature a/id properties of letters, and of the art of writing
vt'ords correctly. 3. Tlie practice of spelling or writing
words with the proper letters. — 4. In geometry, the art of
delineating the fore-right plane or side of any object, and
of expressing the elevations of eacli part. — 5. In architec-
ture, the elevation of a building, showing all their parts
in their true proportion. — 6. In perspective, the fore-right
side of any plane. — 7, In fortification, the profile or repre-
sentation of a work in all its parts, as they would appear
if perpendicularly cut from top to bottom,
OR-THOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. opdos and Aoyoj.] The right de-
scription of things. Fotherby.
OR-THOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. opQos and ixerpov.] The art or
practice of constructing verse correctly ; the laws of cor-
rect versification.
OR-THOP'NY, 71. [Gx. opBo-Kvoia.] 1. A species of asthma
in which respiration can be performed only in an erect
posture. 2. Any difficulty of breathing.
OR'Ti VE, a. [L, ortivus.] Rising, or eastern.
OR'TO-LAN, 71. [It. ortolano ; L. hortulanus.] A bird of
the genus emberiza.
ORTS, 71. Fragments ; pieces ; refuse.
OR'YAL,_7;,. [Fr. orvale.] The herb clary. Diet.
t OR-VI-E'TAN, 71. [It, orvietano.] An antidote or counter-
poison. Bailey.
OR-YC-TOG-NOS'TIC, a. Pertaining to oryctognosy.
OR-Y€-TOG'NO-SY, n. [Gr, opoxTos and yviocig.] That
branch of mineralogy which has for its object the classifi-
cation of minerals.
OR-Y€-TOG'RA-PHY, 7i. [Gr. opvKros and ypa^w.] That
part nf natural history in which fossils are described
OR-Y€-TOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. oovktos and Xoyog.] That part
of physics which treats of fossils.
OS'CHE-0-CELE, n. [Gr. ocr^eov and Kv^rj.] A rupture in
the scrotum ; scrotal hernia.
OS'CTL-LATE, v. i. [L, oscillo.] To swing ; to move
backward and forward ; to vibrate.
OS-CIL-La'TION, 71. [L. oscillatio.] Vibration ; a moving
backward and forward, or swinging like a pendulum.
OS'CIL-LA-TO-RY, a. Moving backward and forward like
a pendulum ; swinging, Arhuthnot.
OS'CI-TAN-CY, 7!, [L. oscito.] 1. The act of gaping or
yawning. 2. Unusual sleepiness ; drowsiness j dullness
OS'CI-TANT, a, 1, Yawning ; gaping. 2. Sleepy ; drow-
sy ; dull ; sluggish. Decay of Piety.
OS'CI-TANT-LY, afZy. Carelessly. More.
OS'CI-TATE,7). i. To vawn ; to gape. Johnson.
OS-CI-Ta'TION, 72. The act of yawning or gaping.
OS-€U-La'TION, n. [L, osculatio.] In geometry, the con-
tact between any given curve and its osculatory circle,
that is, a circle of the same curvature with the given curve.
OS'CU-LA-TO-RY, a. An osculatory circle, in geometry, is
a circle having the same curvature with any curve at "any
given point.
OS'€U-LA-TO-RY, n. In church history, a tablet or board,
_ with the picture of Christ or the virgin, &c.
O'SIER, (6'zher) n. [Fr. osier.] A willow or water-willow,
or the twig of the willow used in making baskets.
OS'MA-ZOME, n. [Gr. oc^ut? and ^w/^of.] A substance of
an aromatic flavor, obtained from the flesh of the ox.
OS'MI-UM, 71. [Gr. ocr/x??,] A metal recently discovered,
and contained in the ore of platinum.
OS'MUND, n. A plant, or a genus of plants, moonwort,
OS'NA-BURG, (oz'n-burg; n A species of coarse linen im-
ported from Osnaburg, in Germany.
OS'PRAY, 77. [L, ossifraga.] The sea-eagle.
OSS, V. i. To oft'er ; to try ; to essay ; to set about a thing.
JVorth of England.
OS'SE-LET, n. [Fr,] A hard substance growing on the
inside of a horse's knee, among the small bones,
OS'SE-OUS, (osh'e-us) a. [L. ossews.] Bony 5 resembling
bone,
OS'SI-CLE, n. [L. ossiculunn.] A small bone. Holder.
OS-SIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. os and /ero.] Producing or fur-
nishing bones. Buckland.
OS-SIF'ie, a. [L. OS and facia.] Having power to ossify
or change cameous and membranous substances to bone
OS-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The change or process of changing
* See Synopsis. A, E, 1, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;
t Obsolete
OTH
577
OUT
from flesh or other matter of animal bodies into a bony
substance. 2. The formation of bones in animals.
OS'SI-FlED, yp Converted into bone, or a hard substance
like bone.
OS'SI-FE,A0iE, n. [L. ossifraga.] The ospray or sea-ea-
gle.
OS'SI-FY, V. t. [L. OS and facio.] To form bone ; to
change from a soft animal substance into bone, or convert
into a substance of the hardness of bones.
0S'SI-F5^, V. i. To become bone ; to change from soft mat-
ter into a substance of bony hardness.
OS-SIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. os and voro.l Feeding on bones;
eating bones. Dcrham.
OS'SU-A-RY, n. [L. ossuarium.] A charnel house ; a
place where the bones of the dead are deposited.
OST, or OUST, n. A kiln for drying hops or malt. Diet.
Eng.
OS-TEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of appearing
or being shown.
OS-TEN'SI-BLE, a. [It. ostensibile.] 1. That may be
shown ; proper or intended to be shown. 2. Plausible ;
colorable. 3. Appearing; seeming; shown, declared or
avowed.
OS-TEN'SI-BLY, adv. In appearance ; in a manner that is
declared or pretended. Walsh.
OS-TEN'SIVE, a. [Fr.] Showing ; exhibiting.
OS'TENT, n. [L. ostentum.] 1. Appearance ; air ; man-
ner ; mien ; [little used.] 2. Sliovv ; manifestation ; token ;
[little used.] 3. A prodigy ; a portent ; any thing omi-
nous ; [little used.] Drydcn.
f OS'TEN-TATE, tJ.t. [Tu. ostento.] To make an ambitious
display of; to show or exhibit boastingly.
OS-TEN-Ta'TION, 71. [L. ostentatio.] 1. Outward show
or appearance. 2. Ambitious display ; vain show. 3. A
show or spectacle ; [065.]
OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS, a. 1. Making a display from vanity ;
boastful; fond of presenting one's endowments or works
to another in an advantageous light. 2. Showy ; gaudy ;
intended for vain display.
OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS-LY, adv. With vain display ; boast-
fully.
OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS-NESS, 71. Vain display; vanity;
boastfulness.
OS-TEN-Ta'TOR, n. [h.] One who makes a vain show ;
a boaster. [Little used.] Sherwood.
OS-TENT'OUS, a. Fond of making a show. [Little used.]
Feltham.
OS-TE-0-€OL'LA, ) n. [Gr. offreov and KoWa.] A carbon-
I OS'TE-0-€OL, \ ate of lime, a fossil.
OS'TE-0-eOPE, n. [Gr. oareov and kottos.] Pain in the
bones ; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone.
0S-TE-0L'0-6ER, ) n. One who describes the -bones of
OS-TE-OL'0-GIST, \ animals.
OS-TE-O-LOG'ie, I a. Pertaii^u*', to a description of
OS-TE-O-LOG'I-CAL, \ the bones. ^
OS-TE-O-LOG'I-GAL-LY, adv. According > osteology.
OS-TE-OL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. oareov and \oyos.] 1. A. descrip-
tion of the bones ; that part of anatomy which v.^ats of
the bones. 2. The system of animal bones.
OS'TI-A-RY, n. [L. ostium.] The mouth or opening by
which a nver discharges its waters. Brown.
OST'LER. See Hostlpr.
OST'LER-Y. See Hostlery.
OST'MEN, 71. plu. Eastmen ; Danish settlers in Ireland,
so called. Lyttleton.
OS'TRA-CISM, 71. [Gr. offTpaKiaixog.] 1. In Orecian an-
tiquity, a method of banishment by the people of Athens.
2. Banishment ; expulsion ; separation. Hamilton.
OS'TRA-CITE, n. [Gr. oo-rpa/ctT>?f.] An oyster shell in its _
fossil state, or a stone formed in the shell.
( )S'TRA-ClZE, V. t. To banish by the popular voice.
Uis'TRICH, n. [Ft. autruche.] A fowl constituting a dis-
tinct genus, the struthio, being the largest of all fowls.
The plumage is elegant, and much used in ornamental
and showy dress.
UT-A-€OtJS'TI€, a. [Gr. wra and aicovia.] Assisting the
sense of hearing.
uT-A-€OUS'Tie, \ n. An instrument to facilitate hear-
OT-A-€OUS'TI-€ON, ) ing. Orew.
OTH'ER, a. [Sax. other ; G. oder.] 1. Not the same ; dif-
ferent ; not this or these. 2. Not this, but the contrary.
3. Noting something besides. 4. Correlative to each, and
applicable to any number of individuals. 5. Opposed to
soTue. 6. The next. 7. The third part. — Other is used
as a substitute for a noun, and in this use has the plural
number, and the sign of the possessive case.— T'Ae other
day, at a certain time past, not distant but indefinite ; not
long ago.
T oTH'ER-GaTES, adv. In another manner.
OTH'ER-GUlSE, a(Zo. [other and guise.] Of another kind.
[Corruptly pronounced otherguess.]
6TH'ER-WHERE, adv. {other and where.] In some other
place ; or in other places. Milton.
OTH'ER-WHILE, ) adv. [other and while.] At other
OTHER-WHILES, ] times.
OTH'ER-WiSE, adv. [other and wise.] 1. In a different
manner. 2. By other causes. 3. In other respects.
OT'O-MO, n. A fowl of the lasropus kind.
OT'TER, or AT'TAR, n. The" essential oil or essence of
roses. Jisiat. Res.
OT'TER, n. [Sax. oter, otor, or otter ; G. otter,] An amphib-
ious quadruped that feeds on fish.
OT'TER, 71. The name of a coloring substance.
OT'TO-MAN, a Designating something that pertains to the
Turks or to their government.
OT'TO-MAN, 71. A kind of couch.
OU'BAT, or OU'BUST, n. A sort of caterpillar. Diet.
OUCH, n. 1. A bezil or socket in which a precious stone
or seal is set. 2. The blow given by a boar's tusk :
[obs.]
OUGHT. See Aught, the true orthography.
OUGHT, (awt) v. imperfeet. [This word seems to be the
preterit tense of the original verb to owe, that is, Sax.
aga7i, Goth, aigan. But ought, as used, is irregular, being
used in all persons both in the present and past tenses.]
1. To be held or bound in duty or moral obligation. 2.
To be necessary ; to behoove. 3. To be fit or expedient
in a moral view. 4. As a participle, owed ; being indebt-
ed to ; [obs.] Dryden. 5. In Chaucer's time, it was used
impersonally.
OU'MER, n. [Fr. ombre.] The shade. Grose.
OUNCE, (ouns) 71. [L. uneia ; Fr. once.] 1. A weight,
the twelfth part of a pound troy, and the sixteenth of a
pound avoirdupois. 2. An animal of the genus /efe. See
Once.
t OUND'ED, ) a. [Fr. onde ; L. unda.] Waving. Chau-
t OUND'ING, \ cer.
t OUPH'E, (oof y) n. [Teut. auff.] A fairy ; a goblin ; an
elf.
t OUPH'EN, i^oof'en) a. Elfish. Shak.
OUR, a. [Sax. ure.] 1. Pertaining or belonging to us ; as,
07ir country. 2. Ours, which is primarily the possessive
case of our, is never used as an adjective, but as a substi-
tute for the adjective and the noun to which it belongs ;
as, your house is on a plain ; ours is on a hill.
OU-RA-NOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. ovpavos and ypacpu).] A de-
scription of the heavens. Hist. Roy. Society.
OUR-SELF', pron. reciprocal, [otir and self.] This is added
after 7ce and tis, and sometimes is used without either for
myself, in the regal style only ; as, we ourself will follow.
ShaJc.
OUR-SELVES', phi. of ourself. We or us, not others ;
added to we, by way of emphasis or opposition.
C3USE, (ooz) n. [for ooze.] Tanner's bark. Ainsworth.
OUS'EL, (oo'zl) n. [Sax. osle.] The blackbird, a species of
the genus turdus. Shak.
OU'SEN, n. Oxen. Grose.
OUST, V. t. [Fr. otev, for ouster.] 1. To take away ; to
remove. 2. To eject ; to disseize.
OUST'ED, pp. Taken away ; removed ; ejected.
OUST'ER, n. Amotion of possession; disseizin; dispos
session ; ejection. Blacksto7ie. — Ouster le 7nai7i, [ouster,
and Fr. le main.] A delivery of lands out of the hands of
a guardian, or out of the king's hands ; or a judgment
given for that purpose. Blackstone.
OUST'ING, ppr. Taking away ; removing ; ejecting.
OUT, adv. [Sax. ut ; D. uit.] I. Without ; on the outside .
not within ; on the exterior or beyond the limits of any
inclosed place or given line ; opposed to in or within. 2,
Abroad ; not at home. 3. In a state of disclosure or dis-
covery. 4. Not concealed. 5. In a state of extinction
6. In a state of being exhausted. 7. In a state of destitu-
tion. 8. Not in office or employment. 9. Abroad or from
home, in a party, at church, in a parade, &;c. 10. To the
end. Dryden. II. Loudly; without restraint. 12. Not
in the hands of the owner. 13. In an error. 14, At a
loss ; in a puzzle. 15. Uncovered ; with clothes torn.
16. Away, so as to consume. 17. Deficient; having ex-
pended. 18. It is used as an exclamatio7i with the force
of command ; away ; begone.— Oiii upon tjou, out upon it,
expressions of dislike or contempt.
OUT of. In this connection, out may be considered as an
adverb, and of as a preposition. 1. Proceeding from, as
produce. 2. From or proceeding from a place, or the in-
terior of a place. 3. Beyond. 4. From, noting taking or
derivation. 5. Not in, noting extraordinary exertion. 6.
Not in, noting exclusion, dismission, departure, absence
or dereliction. 7. Not in, noting unfitness or improprie-
ty. 8. Not within, noting extraordinary delay. 9. Not
within ; abroad. 10. From, noting copy from an origi-
nal. 11. From, noting rescue or liberation. 12. Not in,
noting deviation, exorbitance or irregularity. 13. From,
noting dereliction or departure. 14. From, noting loss or
change of state. 15. Not according to, noting deviation.
16. Beyond ; not within the limits of. 17. Noting loss or
exhaustion. 18. Noting loss. 19. By means of 20. In
consequence of, noting the motive, source or reason. — Out
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE }— BIJLL, UNITE. -€ as K ; as J ; S as Z 5 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete,
OUT
578
OUT
of hand, immediately, as that is easily used which is ready
in the hand.— Out of print denotes that a book is not in
market, or to be purchased, the copies printed having
been all sold.
OUT, V. t. To eject ; to expel ; to deprive by expulsion.
OUT-A€T', V. t. To do beyond ; to exceed in act.
OUT-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To outweigh ; to exceed in weight
or effect. Dryden.
OUT-BAR', V. t. To shut out by bars or fortification.
OUT-BID', V. t. To bid more than another. Pope.
OT7T BTl")/ )
OUT-BID'DEN ( ^' Exceeded in the price offered.
OUT-BID'DEr'm. One that outbids.
OUT-BID'DING, ppr. Bidding a price beyond another.
OUT-BLoWN', pp. Inflated ; swelled with wind.
OUT-BLUSH', V. t. To exceed in rosy color. Shipman.
OUT'BORN, a. Foreign ; not native. [Little used.]
OUT'BOUND, a. Destined or proceeding from a country or
harbor to a distant country or port.
OUT-BRaVE', v. t. 1. To bear down by more daring or
insolent conduct. 2. To exceed in splendid appear-
ance.
OUT-BRaZ'EN, v. t. To bear down with a brazen face or
impudence.
OUT'BREaK, n. A bursting forth ; eruption. Shak.
OUT'BREaK-ING, 11. That which bursts forth.
OUT-BReATHE', v. t. 1. To weary by having better
breath. Shak. 2. To expire. Spenser.
OUT-BUD', V. i. To sprout forth. Spenser.
OUT-BUiLD', (out-bild') v. t. To exceed in building, or in
durability of building.
OUT-BURN', V. t. To exceed in burning or flaming.
0UT-€ANT', v. t. To surpass in canting. Pope.
OUT'€AST, pp. or a. Cast out ; thrown away ; rejected
as useless. Spenser.
OUT'€AST, n. One who is cast out or expelled ; an exile ;
one driven from home or country. Is. xvi.
t OUT-CEPT', for except. B. Jonson.
OUT-€LlMB', V. t. To climb beyond. D&venant.
0UT-€6M'PASS, v. t. To exceed due bounds.
OUT-€RAFT', v. t. To exceed in cunning. Shak.
OUT'ORY, n. 1. A vehement or loud cry ; cry of distress.
2. Clamor; noisy opposition or detestation. 3. Sale at
public auction. Ainsworth.
OUT-DARE', V. t. To dare or venture beyond. Shak.
fOUT-DATE', V. «. Toantiquate. Hammond.
OUT DO', V. t.; pret. outdid ; pp. outdone. To excel ; to sur-
pass ; to perform beyond another. S^vift.
0UT-D5'ING, ppr. Excelling ; surpassing in performance.
OUT-DO'ING, 71. Excess in performance. Pope.
OUT-DONE', pp. of outdo.
OUT-DRINK', V. t. To exceed in drinking. Donne.
OUT-DWELL', V. t. To dwell or stay beyond. Shak.
OUT'ER, a. [comp. of out.] Being on the outside ; external ;
opposed to inner.
t OUT'ER, 71. Dispossession, Clayton.
OLTT'ER-LY, adv. Towards the outside. Grew.
OUT'ER-MoST, a. [superl. from outer.] Being on the ex-
treme external part ; remotest from the midst.
OUT-FaCE', v. t. To brave ; to bear down with an impos-
ing front or with impudence ; to stare down.
OUT'FALL, n. A fall of water ; a canal.
OUT-FAWN', V. t To exceed in fawning or adulation.
OUT-FEAST', V. t. To exceed in feasting. Tai/lor.
t OUT-FeAT', v. t. To surpass in action or exploit.
OUT'FIT, 7!. A fitting out, as of a ship for a voyage ; usu-
ally in the plural, outfits, the expenses of equipping and
furnishing a ship for a voyage.
OUT-FLANK', v. t. To extend the flank of one army be-
yond that of another.
OUT-FLY', V. t. To fly faster than another ; to advance be-
fore in flight or progress. Garth.
OUT-FOOL', V. t. To exceed in folly. Young.
OUT'FORM, n. External appearance. B. Jonson.
OUT-FROWN', V. t. To frown down ; to overbear bv
frowning. Shak.
OUT'GATE, n. An outlet ; a passage outward.
OUT-CJEN'ER-AL, v. t. To exceed in generalship ; to
gain advantage over by superior military skill. Chester-
field.
OUT-GIVE', (out-giv') v. t. To surpass in giving. Dryden.
OUT-Go', V. t. 1. To go beyond ; to advance before in go-
V ing ; to go faster. 2. To surpass ; to excel. 3. To cir-
cumvent; to overreach.
OUT-Go'ING, ppr. Going beyond.
OUT'GO-ING, ?i. 1. The act of going out. 2. The state of
going out. Ps. Ixv. 3. Utmost border; extreme limit.
Josh. xvii.
OUT-GRIN', V. t. To surpass in grinning. Addison.
OUT-GRoW', V. t. 1. To surpass in growth. 2. To grow
too great or too old for any thing.
OUT-GRoWN', pp. of outgrow.
OUT'GUARD, 71. A guard at a distance from the main
body of an army ; or a guard at the farthest distance.
OUT-HER'OD, V. t. To surpass in enormity, absurdity or
cruelty. Beddoes.
OUT'HOUSE, 71. A small house or building at a little dis-
tance from the main house.
OUT'ING, 71. 1. A going from home. Cheshire dialect. 2.
An airing. Craven dialect.
OUT-JEST', V. t. To overpower by jesting. Shak.
OUT-JUG^GLE, V. t. To surpass in juggling. Hall.
OUT-KNaVE', (out-nave') v. t. To surpass in knavery.
t OUT'LAND, a. [Sax. utUnde.] Foreign. Strutt.
f OUT'LAND-ER, n. A foreigner ; not a native. Wood.
OUT-LAND'ISH, a. [Sax. utloendisc ; out and land.'\ 1.
Foreign ; not native. 2. Born or produced in the interior
country, or among rude people ; hence, vulgar ; rustic ;
rude ; clownish,
OUT-LAST', V. t. To last longer than something else ; to
exceed in duration. Bacon.
OUT'LAW, 71. [Sax. iitlaga ; out and law.] A person ex-
cluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of its pro-
tection.
OUT'LAW, V. t. [Sax. utlagian.] To deprive of the bene-
fit and" protection of law ; to proscribe.
OUT'LAWED, pp. Excluded from the benefit of law.
OUT'LAW-ING, ppr. Depriving of the benefit of law.
OUT'LAW-RY, n. The putting a man out of the protection
of law, or the process by which a man is deprived of that
protection, Blackstone.
OUT'LaY, n. A laying out or expending ; expenditure.
OUT-LeAP', v. t. To leap beyond ; to pass by leaping.
OUT'LeAP, n. Sally ; flight ; escape. Locke.
OUT 'LET, n. Passage outward ; the place or the means by
which any thing escapes or is discharged.
OUT'LI€K-ER, n. In ships, a small piece of timber fasten-
ed to the top of the poop.
OUT-LlE', V. t. To exceed in lying. Hall.
OUT'Ll-ER, n. One who does not reside in the place with
which his ofiice or duty connects him.
OUT'LlNE, 71. 1. Contour; the line by which a figure
is defined ; the exterior line. 2. The first sketch of a
figure. 3. First general sketch of any scheme or design.
OUT'LlNE, V. t. To draw the exterior line ; to delineate ;
to sketch.
OUT-LIVE', (out-liv') v. t. 1. To live beyond ; to survive ;
to live after something has ceased. Dryden. 2. To live
better or to better purpose. Scott.
OUT-LIVER, n. A survivor.
OUT-LOOK, V. t. 1. To face down ; to browbeat. 2. To
select*; '\ohs.]
OUT'LOOK, n. Vigilant watch ; foresight. Young.
tOUT'iiOPE, 71. An excursion, Fiorio.
OUT-LUS'TEr' ! ^- *• ^° ^^^^^ ^^ brightness. Shak.
OUT-Ly'ING, a. ' 1. Lying or being at a distance from the
main body or design. 2. Being on the exterior or fron-
tier.
OUT-MARCH', V. t. To march faster than ; to march so as
to leave behind. Clarendon.
OUT-MEAS'URE, (out-mezh'ur) v. t. To exceed in meas-
ure orextent. Brown.
OUT'MoST, a. Farthest outward; most remote from the
middle. Milton.
t OUT-NaME', v. t. To exceed in naming or describing.
OUT-NUM'BER, v. t. To exceed in number.
OUT-PaCE', v. t. To outgo ; to leave behind. Chapman.
0UT-PAR'A-Mc3UR, v. t. To exceed in keeping mistress-
es, Shak.
OUT'PAR-ISH, 71. A parish lying without the walls, or on
the border. Graunt.
OUT'PART, n. A part remote from the centre or main part.
Ayliffe.
OUT-PASS', v. t. To pass beyond ; to exceed m progress.
OUT-POISE', (out-poiz') v. t. To outweigh. Howell.
OUT'PoRCH, n. An entrance. Milton.
OUT'PoRT, n. A port at some distance from the city of
London. Ash.
OUT'PoST, ?t. 1. A post or station without the limits of a
camp, or at a distance from the main body of an army.
2. Tlie troops placed at such a station.
OUT-PoUR', V. t. 1. To pour out ; to send forth inastream.
Milton. 2. To effuse.
OUT'PoUR-ING, n. A pouring out ; effusion. Miner.
OUT-PRaY', v. t. To exceed in prayer or in earnestness of
entreaty. Scott.
OUT-PReACH', v. t. To surpass in preaching ; to produce
more effect in inculcating lessons or trutli, J. Trumbull.
OUT-PRiZE', V. t. To exceed in value or estimated worth
OUT'RAGE, v. t. [Fr, outrager.] To treat with violence
and wrong ; to abuse by rude or insolent language ; to in-
jure by rough, lude treatment of any kind.
OUT'RAGE, V. i. To commit exorbitances ; to be guilty of
violent rudeness, Ascham.
OUT'RAGE, n. [Fr.] Injurious violence offered to persons
or things ; excessive abuse ; wanton mischief.
0UT-Ra'6E0US, a. [It, oltraggioso ; Fr, outrageux.] i.
See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;-
t Obsolete.
OUT
579
OVE
Violent ; furious ; exorbitant ; exceeding all bounds of
moderation. 2. Excessive ; exceeding reason or decen-
cy. 3. Enormous ; atrocious. 4. Tumultuous ; turbu-
ent.
OUT-Ea'6EOUS-LY, adv. With great violence ; furious-
ly ; excessively. South.
OUT-Ra'GEOUS-NESS, n. Fury ; violence ; enormity,
OQT-RaZE'j v. t. To raze to extermination. Saiidys.
OU-TRE', (oo-tra') a. [Fr.] Being out of the common course
or limits ; extravagant. Oeddes.
OUT-ReACH', v. t. To go or extend beyond. Brown.
OUT-ReA'SON, V, t. To excel or surpass in reasoning.
OUT-RE€K'ON, T.t. To exceed in assumed computation.
OUT-REIGN', (out-rane') v. t. To reign through the whole
of.
OUT-RlDE', V. t. To pass by riding ; to ride faster than.
Hall. _
OUT-RlDE', V. i. To travel about on horseback, or in a ve-
hicle. Addison.
OUT'RiD-ER, n. 1. A summoner whose office is to cite
men before the sheriff; [o&s.j 2. One who travels about
on horseback. 3. An attending sei-vant.
OUT'RIG-GER, n. In seamen^s language, a strong beam
fixed on the side of a ship, and projecting from it, in order
to secure the masts in the operation of careening.
OUT'RiGHT, adv. 1. Immediately ; without delay ; at
once. jMrbuthnot. 2. Completely. Addison.
OUT-Rl|VAL, V. t. To surpass in excellence. Addison.
OUT-RoAR', V. t. To exceed in roaring. Shak.
OUT'RODE, n. An excursion. 1 Mace. xv.
OUT-ROOT', V. t. To eradicate ; to extirpate. Rowe.
OUT-RUN', V. t. 1. To exceed in running ; to leave behind
in running, Dryden. 2. To exceed.
OUT-SaIL', v. t. To sail faster than ; to leave behind in
sailing, Broome.
t OUT-S€aPE', 71. Power of escaping. Chapman.
OUT-S€ORN', V. t. To bear down or confront by con-
tempt ; to despise.
OUT-S€OUR'INGS, n. [out and scour.'] Substances wash-
ed or scoured out. Buckland.
OUT-SELL', V. t. 1, To exceed in amount of sales. 2.
To exceed in the prices of things sold. 3. To gain a high-
er price.
OUT'SET, 71. Beginning ; first entrance on any business.
Smith.
OUT-SHlNE', V. t. 1. To send forth brightness or lustre.
2. To excel in lustre or excellence. Addison.
OUT-SHOOT', V. t. 1. To exceed m shooting, Dryden. 2.
To shoot beyond, JVorris.
OUT-SHUT', V. t. To shut out or exclude. Donne.
OUT-SlDE', 71. 1. The external part of a thing ; the part,
end or side which forms the surface or superficies. 2.
Superficial appearance ; exterior, 3, Person ; external
man. 4. The part or place that lies without or beyond
an inclosure. 5. The utmost.
t OUT-SIN', V. t. To sin beyond. Killingbeck.
OUT-SIT', V. t. To sit beyond the time of any thing.
OUT-SKIP', V. t. To avoid by flight. B. Jonson.
OUT'SKIRT, n. Border ; outpost ; suburb. Clarendon.
OUT-SLEEP', V. t. To sleep beyond. Shak.
OUT-SoAR', V. t. To soar beyond. Gov. of the Tongue.
OUT-SOUND', v. t. To surpass in sound. Hammond.
OUT-SPeAK', v. t. To speak something beyond ; to exceed.
Shak.
OUT-SPoRT', V. t. To sport beyond ; to outdo in sporting.
OUT-SPREAD', V. t. To extend ; to spread ; to diffuse.
OUT-STAND', V. t. 1. To resist effectually ; to withstand ;
to sustain without yielding ; [I. u.] Woodward. 2. To
stand beyond the proper time. Shak.
OUT-STAND', V. i. To project outwards from the main
body,
OUT-STAND'ING, ppr. 1. Resisting effectually; [I. u.]
2, Projecting outward. 3, Not collected ; unpaid. Ham-
ilton.
OUT-STARE', V. t. To face down ; to browbeat ; to out-
face with effrontery. Shak.
OUT-STEP', V. t. To step or go beyond ; to exceed.
OUT-STORM', v. t. To overbear by storming. J. Barlow.
OUT'STREET, n. A street in the extremities of a town.
OUT-STRETCH', v. t. To extend ; to stretch or spread out ;
to expand. Milton.
OUT-STRlDE', V. t. To surpass in striding. B. Jonson.
OUT-STRIP', v.t. To outgo; to outrun; to advance be-
yond.
OUT-SWEaR', v.t. To exceed in swearing ; to overpower
by swearing. Shak.
OUT-SWEET'EN, v. t. To exceed in sweetness, Shak.
OUT-SWELL', V. t. To overflow ; to exceed in swelling.
t OUT-TAKE', 7w-e;>. Except. Oower.
OUT-TALK', (out-tawk') v. t. To overpower by talking ; to
exceed injalking, Shak.
OUT-THRoW, v. t. To throw out or beyond. Swift.
0UT-T6NGUE', (out-tung') v. t. To bear down by talk,
clamor or noise, Shak.
t OUT-TOP , V. t. To overtop. Williams.
OUT-VAL'UE, V. t. To exceed in price or value, Boyle
OUT-VEN'OM, V. t. To exceed in poison, Shak.
OUT-ViE', V. t. To exceed ; to surpass. Addison.
OUT-VIL'LAIN, V. t. To exceed in villainy. Shak.
t OUT- VOICE', V. t. To exceed in roaring or clamor.
OUT-VoTE', V. t. To exceed in the number of votes given ,
to defeat by plurality of suffrages. South.
-OUT-WALK', (out-wawk') v. t. 1. To walk faster than ;
to leave behind in walking, 2, To exceed the walking
of a spectre,
OUT'WALL, n. 1. The exterior wall of a building or for-
tress, 2. Superficial appearance, Shak.
OUT'WARD, a [Sax utweard, or uteweard.] 1, Exter-
nal ; exterior ; forming the superficial part. 2. External ;
visible ; opposed to inward. 3. Extrinsic ; adventitious.
4, Foreign ; not intestine ; as an outward war ; lobs,] 5.
Tending to the exterior part, — 6, In Scripture, civil ; pub-
lic, 1 Chron. xxvi, — 7, In theology, carnal ; fleshly ; cor
poreal ; not spiritual,
OUT'WARD, 71, External form. Shak.
OUT'WARD, or OUT'WARDS, adv. 1. To the outer
parts ; tending or directed towards the exterior. 2. From
a port or country.
OUT' WARD-BOUND', a. Proceeding from a port or
countrv.
OUT'WARD-LY, adv. 1. Externally; opT?osei to inwardly.
2. In appearance ; not sincerely.
OUT-WASH', V. t. To wash out; to cleanse from, [L. u.]
OUT- WATCH', V. t. To surpass in watching. B. Jonson.
OUT-WEaR', v. t. 1. To wear out ; [obs.] 2. To pass
tediously to the end. 3. To last longer than something
OUT-WEED', v. t. To weed out; to extirpate.
OUT^WEEP', V. t. To exceed in weeping, Dryden.
OUT-WEIGH', (out-wa') v. t. 1. To exceed in weight. 2.
To exceed in value, influence or importance.
t OUT-WELL',- V. t. or i. To pour out. Spenser.
OUT-WENT', pret. of outgo.
OUT-WHoRE', V. t. To exceed in lewdness. Pope.
t OUT-WIN', V. t. To get out of. Spenser.
OUT-WiND', V. t. To extricate by winding ; to unloose.
OUT-WING', V. t. To move faster on the wing ; to out
strip. Garth.
OUT-WIT', v.t. To surpass in design or stratagem; to
overreach ; to defeat by superior ingenuity.
OUT'WoRK, n. The part of a fortification most remote
from the main fortress or citadel. Bacon.
OUT-WoRN', pp. Worn out ; consumed by use.
OUT-WoRTH', V. t. To exceed in value, Shak.
OUT-WREST', (out-resf) v. t. To extort ; to draw from
or forth by violence, Spenser.
OUT- WRITE', (out-rite') v. t. To surpass in writing.
OUT-WROUGHT', (out-rawf) pp. Outdone ; exceeded in
act or efficacy.
OUT-Za'NY, V. t. To exceed in buffoonery.
O'VAL, a. [Fr. ovale; L, ovum.] 1. Of the shape or figure
of an egg ; oblong ; curvilinear ; resembling the longitu-
dinal section of an egg. It is sometimes synonymous
with elliptical. 2, Pertaining to eggs ; done in the egg.
O'VAL, 71. A body or figure in the shape of an egg. Watts.
0-Va'RI-OUS, a. Consisting of eggs, Thomson.
O'VA-RY, 77. [Fr. ovaire ; L. ovarium.] The part of a fe-
male animal in which the eggs are formed or lodged ; or
the part in which the fetus is supposed to be formed.
O'VATE )
O'VA-TED, j "■' t^* <'^<^*^-l Egg-shaped,
6'VATE-LAN'CE-O-LATE, a. Having something of the
form of an egg and a lance, inclining to the latter.
O'VATE-SUB'U-LATE, a. Having something of the form
of an egg and an awl.
O-Va'TION, n. [L. ovatio.] In Roman antiquity, a lesser
triumph.
O'VA-TO-OB'LONG, a. Oblong in the shape of an eggj or
with the end lengthened. Martyn.
OV'EN, (uv'n) n. [Sax., G. of en ; J), oven; Dan. ovn.] An
arch of brick or stone work, for baking bread and other
_ things for food.
O'VER, prep. [Sax. ober, ofer ; Goth, ufar ; G. uber ; D.,
Dan, over.] 1, Across ; from side to side, 2, Above in
place or position ; opposed to below. 3. Above, denoting
superiority in excellence, dignity or value. 4. Above in
authority, implying the right or power of superintending
or governing ; opposed to under. 5. Upon the surface or
whole surface ; through the whole extent. 6, Upon. 7.
During the whole time ; from beginning to end, 8. Above
the top ; covering ; immersing, — Over, in poetry, is often
contracted into o'er.
O'VER, adv. I, From side to side ; as, a board a foot over.
2, On the opposite side. 3, From one to another by
passing. 4. From one country to another by passing, 5.
On the surface, 6, Above the top. 7. More than the
quantity assigned ; beyond a limit. 8. Throughout ; from
beginning to end ; completely.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete .
OVE
580
OVE
Over arid over, lepeatedly ; once and again. Harte. — Over
again, once more ; with repetition. Dryden.—Ovcr and
above, besides ; beyond what is supposed or limited. —
Over against, opposite ; in front. Addison. — Over is used
with rolling or turning from side to side ; as, to turn over.
— To give over. 1. To cease from. 2. To consider as in
a hopeless state. — Over, in composition, denotes spreading,
covering above, as in overcast, overflow ; or across, as, to
overhear ; or above, as, to overhang ; or turning, changing
sides, as in overturn ; or, more generally, beyond, imply-
ing excess or superiority, as in overact, overcome.
\^6'YER, v. t. To get over. Pegge.
O'VER, a. 1. Past. 2. Upper ; covering.
O-VER-A-BOUND', v. i. To abound more than enough ; to
_ be superabundant. Pope.
Q VER-A€T', V. t. To act or perform to excess.
6-\ER-A€T^, V. i. To act more than is necessary.
O-VER-AG'I-TATE, v. t. To agitate or discuss beyond
_ what is expedient. Hall.
O VER-ALLS, 71. A kind of trowsers.
O-VER-ANX'IOUS, a. Anxious to excess.
O-VER-ARCH', V. t. To arch over ; to cover with an arch.
O-VER-AWE', (o-ver-aw') v. t. To restrain by awe, fear or
superior influence. Spenser.
6-VER-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To weigh down 5 to exceed in
_ weight, value or importance.
O-VER-BAL'ANCE, n. Excess of weight or value ; some-
thing more than an equivalent. Locke.
\ O-VER-BAT'TLE, a. Too fruitful ; exuberant.
O-VER-BEaR', v. t. To bear down ; to repress ; to subdue.
O-VER-BEaR'ING, ppr. 1. Bearing down ; repressing.
2. a. Haughty and dogmatical ; disposed or tending to
repress or subdue by insolence or effrontery.
0-VER-BEND', v. t. To bend or stretch to excess.
O-VER-BID', V. t. 1. To bid or offer beyond. 2. To bid or
_ offer more than an equivalent.
O-VER-BLoW, V. i. 1. To blow with too much violence;
a seaman^s phrase. 2. To blow over, or be past its vio-
lence ; [obs.]
O-VER-BLoW, v.t. To blow away ; to dissipate by wind.
O-VER-BLoWN', pp. Blown by and gone ; blown away ;
_ driven by ; past. Dryden.
O-VER-BoARD', adv. [over, and Fr. lord.] Out of a ship
or from on board ; as, to fall overboard.
O-VER-BROW, V. t. To hang over. Collins.
O-VER-BUILT', (o-ver-bilf) pp. Built over. Milton.
f O-VER-BULK', V. t. To oppress by bulk. Shak.
O-VER-BUR'DEN, v. t. To load with too great weight.
O-VER-BUR'DENED, pp. Overloaded.
O-VER-BURN', V. t. To burn too much. Mortimer.
O-VER-BUS'Y, (o-ver-biz'zy) a. Too busy ; officious.
0-VER-BU1?', V. t. To buy at too dear a rate. Dryden.
O-VER-CAN'O-PY, v. t. To cover as with a canopy.
0-VER-€ARE', n. Excessive care or anxiety. Dryden.
0-VER-€ARE'FUL, a. Careful to excess.
0-VER-€AR'RY, v. t. To carry too far; to carry or urge
beyond the proper point. Hayward.
O-VER-OAST', V. t. 1. To cloud ; to darken ; to cover
with gloom. 2. To cast or compute at too high a rate ; to
rate too high. 3. To sew over.
O-VER-CAST', pp. Clouded ; overspread with clouds or
gloom.
O-VER-CAU'TIOUS, a. Cautious or prudent to excess.
O-VER-CiiARGE', v. t. 1. To charge or load to excess ; to
cloy ; to oppress. 2. To crowd too much. 3. To burden.
4. To fill to excess ; to surcharge. 5. To load with too
great a charge. 6. To charge too much ; to enter in an
account more than is just.
0'VER-CHAR6E, n. 1. An excessive load or burden. 2.
A charge in an account of more than is just. 3. A charge
beyond what is proper.
0-VER-€LlMB', v. t. To climb over. Su7-rey.
O-VER-CLOUD', v. t. To cover or overspread with clouds.
6-VER-€L6Y', v. t. To fill beyond satiety. Shak.
0-VER-€oLD', a. Cold to excess. Wiseman.
O-VER-CoME', v. t. i. To conquer ; to vanquish ; to sub-
due. 2. To surmount ; to get the better of. 3. To over-
flow ; to surcharge ; [obs.] 4. To come upon ; to in-
vade ; [obs.]
6-VER-C6ME', v. i. To gain the superiority ; to be victo-
_ rious.
oVER-CoM'ER, n. One who vanquishes or surmounts.
O-VER-eoM'ING-LY, adv. With superiority. More.
O-VER-€0N'FI-DENCE, n. Excessive confidence.
O-VER-CORN', v. t. To corn to excess. Addison.
O-VER-COUNT', v. t. To rate above the true value. Shak.
0-VER-€oV'ER, v. t. To cover completely. Shak.
O-VER-CRED'U-LOUS, a. Too apt to believe. Shak
■{^OVER-CRoW, v.t. To crow as in triumph. Spenser.
O-VER-€U'RI-0US, a. Curious or nice to excess. Bacon.
O-VER-DaTE', v. t. To date beyond the proper period.
t O-VER-DlGHT', a. Covered over. Spenser.
O-VER-DIL'I-GENT, a. Diligent to excess.
O-VER-DO', V. t. 1. To do or perform too much. 2. To
harass ; to fatigue ; to oppress by too much action or labor
_ 3. To boil, bake or roast too much.
O VER-DO', V. i. To labor too hard ; to do too much.
O-VER-UoNE', pp. 1. Overacted ; acted to excess. 2.
Wearied or oppressed by too much labor 3. Boiled,
baked or roasted too much.
g'VER-DOSE, n. Too great a dose.
O-VER-DRAW',?;. t. To draw beyond the proper limits
O-VER-DRESS', v. t. To dress to excess
O-VER-DRINK', v. t. To drink to excess
O-VER-DRlVE', V. t. To drive too hard, or beyond strength
O-VER-DRY', V. t. To dry too much. Burton.
O-VER-eAG'ER, a. Too eager ; too vehement in desire.
O-VER-eAG'ER-LY, adv. With excessive eagerness.
O-VER-eAG'ER-NESS, n. Excess of earnestness.
O-VER-eAT', v. t. To eat to excess.
O-VER-EL'E-GANT, a. Elegant to excess. Johnson.
O-VER-EMP'TY, v. t. To make too empty. Carew.
O-VER-EyE', v.t. 1. To superintend ; to inspect; [I u. .
2. To observe ; to remark. Shak.
O'VER-FALL, n. A cataract ; the fall of a river. Raleigh
O-VER-FA-TiGUE', (o-ver-fa-teeg') n. Excessive fatigue
6-VER-FA-TIGUE', (o-ver-fa-teeg') v. t. To fatigue to
O-VER-FEED', v. t. To feed to excess. Dryden.
O-VER-FILL', v. t. To fill to excess ; to surcharge. Dryden
O-VER-FLoAT', v. t. To overflow ; to inundate. Dryden.
O-VER-FLoUR'ISH, (o-ver-flur'ish) v. t. To make exces-
_ sive display or flourish. Collier.
O-VER-FLoW, V. t. 1. To spread over, as water ; to in-
undate; to cover with water or other fluid. 2. To fill
beyond the brim. 3. To deluge ; to overwhelm ; to cover,
as with numbers.
6-VER-FLoW', V. i. 1. To run over ; to swell and run
over the brun or banks. 2. To be abundant ; to abound j
to exuberate.
O'VER-FLoW, n. An inundation ; superabundance.
O-VER-FLoW'ING, ppr. Spreading over, as a fluid ; inun-
dating ; running over the brim or banks.
O-VER-FLoW'ING, a. Abundant ; copious ; exuberant.
O-VER-FLoW'ING, n. Exuberance ; copiousness.
O-VER-FLoW'ING-LY, adv. Exuberantly ; in great abun-
dance. Boyle.
O-VER-FLUSH', v. t. To flush to excess.
O-VER-FLUSH'ED, (o-ver-flushf) pp. 1. Flushed to ex-
cess ; reddened to excess. 2. Elated to excess. Addison.
O-VER-FL"?', V. t. To pass over or cross by flight. Dryden.
O-VER-FOR'WARD, a. Forward to excess.
O-VER-FOR'WARD-NESS, a. Too great forwardness or
readiness ; officiousness. Hale.
6-VER-FREIGHT', (o-ver-firate') v. t. To load too heavily ;
to fill with too great quantity or numbers.
5-VER-FRuIT'FUL, a. Too rich ; producing superabun-
dant crops. Dryden.
t^O-VER-GET', v.t. To reach; to overtake. Sidney.
O-VER-GILD', V. t. To gild over ; to varnish.
O-VER-GiRD', V. t. To gird or bind too closely.
O-VER-GLANCE', v. t. To glance over ; to run over with
_ the eye. Shak.
O-VER-Go', V. t. 1. To exceed ; to surpass. 2. To cover ;
_ [obs.]
O-VER-GONE', pp. Injured ; ruined. Shak.
6-VER-GORGE', (o-ver-gorJO v. t. To gorge to excess.
O-VER-GRASS'ED, (o-ver-grasf) pp. Overstocked with
grass ; overgrown with grass. Spenser.
O-VER-GREaT', a. Too great. Locke.
O-VER-GRoW', v.t. 1. To cover with growth or herbage.
_ 2. To grow beyond ; to rise above. Mortimer.
O-VER-GRoW, v.i. To grow beyond the fit , or natural
_ size.
O-VER-GRoWTH', n. Exuberant or excessive growth.
O-VER-HALE'. See Ov3ERHaul.
6-VER-HAN'DLE, v. t. To handle too much ; to mention
too often. Shak.
O-VER-HANG', v.t. 1. To unpend or hang over. 2. To
jut or project over. Milton.
O-VER-HANG', v. i. To jut over. Milton.
O-VER-HARD'EN, v. t. To harden too much ; to make too
hard. Boyle.
O-VER-HaST'I-LY, adv. In too much haste. Hales.
O-VER-HaST'I-NESS, n. Too much haste ; precipitation.
O-VER-HaST'Y, a. Too hasty ; precipitate. Hammond.
O-VER-HAUL', v.t. 1. To spread over. 2. To turn over
for examination ; to separate and inspect. 3. To draw
over. 4. To examine again. 5. To gain upon in a chase ;
to overtake.
O-VER-HEAD', (o-ver-hed') adv. Aloft; above; in the
zenith or ceiling. Milton.
C-VER-HeAR', v. t. To hear by accident ; to hear what is
not addressed to the hearer, or not intended to be heard
_ by him. _
O-VER-HeARD', pp. Heard by accident.
O-VER-HeAT', v. t. To heat to excess. Addison.
t 6-VER-HeLE', v. t. To cover over. B. Jonson.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY i— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsaiew
OVE
581
OVE
O-VER-HEND', V. t. To overtake. Spenser.
O-VER-JOY', V. t. To give great joy to ; to transport with
_ gladness. Taylor.
o'VER-JOY, n. Joy to excess; transport.
0-VER-La'BOR, v. t. 1. To harass with toil. Dryden. 2.
To execute with too much care.
6-VER-LaDE', v. t. To load with too great a cargo or other
burden.
O-VER-La'DEN, pp. Overburdened ; loaded to excess.
0-VER-1.A1DI, pp. Oppressed with weight; smothered;
_ covered over.
0-VER-LAR6E', a. Too large ; too great. Collier.
0-VER-LaR6E'NESS, n. Excess of size.
O-VER-LASH', V. i. 1. To exaggerate ; [little used.] Bar-
row. 2. To proceed to excess ; [little used.] Boyle.
1 O-VER-LASH'ING-LY, adv. With exaggeration. Brcre-
_ wood.
O-VER-LaY', «. t. 1. To lay too much upon ; to oppress
with incumbent weight. 2. To cover or spread over the
surface. 3. To smother with close covering. 4. To
overwlielm ; to smother. 5. To cloud ; to overcast. 6. To
cover ; to join two opposite sides by a cover
O-VER-LaY'ING, n. A superficial covering. jEx. xxxviii.
O-VER-LkAP'j v. t. To leap over ; to pass or move from
side to side by leaping. Dryden.
O'VER-LEATH-ER, \ 11. The leather which forms the
0'V£R-LETH-ER, S upper part of a shoe ; that which
is over the foot. [With us, this is called upper leather.]
O-VER-LEAV'EN, (o-ver-lev'n) v. t. 1. To leaven too
much ; to cause to rise and swell too much. 2. To mix
_ too much witn ; to corrupt.
O-VER-LIB'ER-AL, a. Too liberal ; too free ; abundant to
excess. Bacon.
O-VER-LIGHT', n. Too strong a light. Bacon.
\ o'VER-LI-NESS, n. Carelessness ; superficial n ess. Wa-
terhouse.
O-VER-LlVE', (o-ver-liv') v. t. To outlive ; to live longer
than another ; to survive. Sidney.
O-VER-LTVE', (o-ver-liv') v. i. To Uve too long. Milton.
O-VER-LIV'ER, 71. One that lives longest; a survivor.
_ Bacon.
O-VER-LoAD', v. t. To load with too heavy a burden or
cargo ; to fill to excess.
O-VER-LONG', a. Too long. Boijle.
O-VER-LOOK', V. t. 1. To view from a higher place. 2.
To stand in a more elevated place, or to rise so high as to
afford the means of looking down on. 3. To see from
behind or over the shoulder of another ; to see from a
higher position. 4. To view fully ; to peruse. 5. To
inspect ; to superintend ; to oversee ; implying care and
watchfulness. 6. To review ; to examine a second time
or with care. 7. To pass by indulgently ; to excuse ; not
to punish or censure. 8. To neglect ; to slight.
0-VER-L(X)K'ER. n. One that overlooks,
0-VER-L66P', now written orlop, which see.
0-VER-L6VE', V. t. To love to excess ; to prize or value
too much. Hall.
t O'VER-LY, a. [Sax. o/erZice.] Careless; negligent; in-
attentive. Hall.
O-VER-MAST', V. t. To furnish with a mast or with masts
that are too long or too heavy for the weight of keel.
O-VER-MAST'ED, pp. Having masts too long or too heavy
for the ship. Mar. Diet.
O-VER-MAST'ER, v. t. To overpower ; to subdue ; to
_ vanquish ; to govern. Milton.
O-VER-MATCe , V. t. To be too powerful for ; to conquer ;
_ to subdue ; to oppress by superior force.
O-VER-MATCH', n. One superior in power ; one able to
_ overcome. Milton.
O-VER-MEAS'URE, (o-ver-mezh'ur) v. t. To measure or
estimate too largely. Bacon.
O-VER-MEAS'URE, (o-ver-mezh'ur) n. Excess of meas-
ure ; something that exceeds tlie measure proposed.
1 6-VER-MI€'KLE, a. [Sax. ofermicel.] Overmuch.
Creech.
O-VER-MIX', V. t. To mix with too much. Creech.
O-VER-MOD'EST, a. Modest to excess ; bashful.
O'VER-MoST, a. Highest ; over the rest in authority.
O-VER-MUCH', 'iz. Too much ; exceeding what is neces-
_ sary or proper. Locke.
O-VER-MUCH", adv. In too great a degree. Hooker.
O-VER-MUCH', 71. More than sufficient. Milton.
6-VER-MUCH'NESS, 71. Superabundance. B. Jonson
t o-VER-MUL'TI-TUDE, v. t. To exceed in number
t o-VER-NaME', v. t. To name over or in a series. Shak.
O-VER-NeAT', a. Excessively neat. Spectator.
O-VER-NTGHT', n. Night before bed-time. Shak.
O-VER-NOISE', (o-ver-noiz') v. t. To overpower by noise.
O-VER-OF-FEND'ED, a. Offended to excess. Steele.
+ o-VER-OF'FICE, V. t. To lord by virtue of an office.
Shak.
0-VER-OF-Fl"CIOUS, a. Too busy, too ready to inter-
meddle ; too importunate. Collier.
o-VER-PaINT', v. t. To color or describe too strongly.
O-VER-PASS', V. t. 1. To cross ; to go over. 2. To over-
look ; to pass without regard. 3. To omit, as in reckon
ing. 4. To omit ; not to receive or include.
6-VER-PASS'ED, (o-ver-paBf) ; pp. Passed by ; passed
O-VER-PAST', \ away ; gone ; past. S/tafc.
O-VER-PaY'j v. t. 1. To pay too much or more than is
due. 2. To reward beyond the price or merit. Pri&r.
t_0-VER-PEER', v.t. To overlook; to hover over. Shak.
O-VER-PeO'PLE, v. t. To overstock with inhabitants.
O-VER-PERCH', V. t. To perch over or above ; to fly over.
O-VER-PER-SUaDE', v. t. To persuade or influence
against one's inclination or opinion. Pope.
O-VER-PICT'URE, v. t. To exceed the representation or
picture. Shak.
O'VER-PLUS, 71. [over, and L. plus.] Surplus ; that whicli
remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed.
O-VER-PLY', v. t. 'Lo ply to excess ; to exert with too
much vigor. Milton.
O-VEU-POISE', (o-ver-poiz') v.t. To outweigh. Broicn
O-VER-POISE', (o-ver-poiz') n. Preponderant weight.
Dryden.
O-VER-POL'ISH, v.t. To polish too much. Blackwall.
O-VER-PON'DER-OUS, a. Too heavy ; too depressing.
O-VER-PoST', V. t. To hasten over quickly. Shak.
O-VER-POW'ER, V. t. 1. To affect with a power or force
that cannot be borne. 2. To vanquish by force ; to sub-
due ; to reduce to silence in action or submission ; to
defeat.
O-VER-PRESS', V. t. 1. To bear upon with irresistible
force ; to crush ; to overwhelm. Swift. 2. To overcome
_ by importunity.
O-VER-PRiZE', V. t. To value or prize at too high a rate.
O-VER-PROMPT', a. Too prompt; too ready or eager.
O- VER-PROMPT'NESS, n. Excessive promptness ; precip-
itation.
O-VER-PRO-PoR'TION, v. t. To make of too great pro-
portion.
O-VER-aUl'ET-NESS, n. Too much quietness. Brown.
O-VER-RaKE', v. t. To break in upon a ship. Mar. Diet
O-VER-RANK', a. Too rank or luxuriant. Mortimer.
O-VER-RaTE', v. t. To rate at too much ; to estimate at a
value or_amount beyond the truth. Dryden.
O-VER-ReACH', v.t. ]. 'J'o reach beyond in any direc-
tion ; to rise above; to extend beyond. 2. To deceive by
_ artifice ;_to cheat.
O-VER-ReACH', v. i. Applied to horses, to strike the toe
of the hind foot against the heel or shoe of the fore foot.
O-VER-ReACH', 7t. The act of striking the heel of the fore
foot with the toe of the hind foot. Kncyc.
O-VER-ReACH'ER, 71. One that overreaches; one that
_ deceives^
O-VER-ReACH'ING, 71. The act of deceiving ; a reaching
too far.
t O-VER-ReAD', v. t. To read over ; to peruse. Shak
\ O-VER-RED', v. t. To smear with a red color. Shak.
t O-VER-RIDE', V. t. 1. To ride over. Chaucer. 2. To
_ ride too much ; to ride beyond the strength of the horse.
S:vi|:mS'bEN,|^^-^i'itoexcess.
O-VER-RlP'EN, V. t. To make too ripe. Shak.
O-VER-RoAST', v. t. To roast too much. Shak.
O-VER-RuLE', V. t. 1. To influence or control by pre-
dominant power ; to subject to superior authority. 2. To
govern with high authority. — 3. In law, to supersede or
_ reject.
O-VER-RuL'ER, n. One who controls, directs or governs.
6-VER-RuL'ING, ppr. 1. Controlling ; subjecting to au-
_ thority. 2. a. Exerting superior and controlling power.
O-VER-RUN', V. t. 1. To run or spread over; to grow
over ; to cover all over. 2. To march oi- rove over ; to
harass by hostile incursions ; to ravage. 3. To outrun ,
to run faster than another and leave him behind. 4. To
overspread with numbers. 5. To injure by treading
down. — 6. Among printers, to change the disposition of
types, and carry those of one line into another, either in
correction, or in the contraction or extension of columns.
C-VER-RUN', v.i. To overflow ; to run over. Smith.
O-VER-RUN'NER, n. One that overruns.
0-VER-RUN'NlNG,p;)r. Spreading over ; ravaging ; chang •
ing the disposition of types.
6-VER-SAT'U-RATE,7) t. To saturate to excess.
O-VER-S AT'U-RA-TED, p;>. More than saturated.
6-VER-SAT'U-RA-TING, ppr. Saturating to excess.
O-VER-SCRU'PU-LOUS, a. Scrupulous to excess.
O-VER-SeA', a. Foreign ; from beyond sea. Wils6n.
O-VER-SEE', V. t. 1. To superintend; to overlook, imply;
ing care. 2. To pass unheeded ; to omit ; to neglect ; [obs.'
O-VER-SEEN', pp. 1. Superintended. 2. Mistaken ; de ■
ceived ; [obs.] Hooker.
O-VER-SEER', 71. 1. One who overlooks ; a superintend
ent ; a supervisor. 2. An officer who has the care of the
poor or of an idiot, &c.
O-VER-SET', v.t. }. To turn from the proper position or
basis ; to turn upon the side, or to turn bottom upwards.
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obaclete
OVE
582
OVI
S. To subvert ; to overthrow. 3, To throw off the proper
foundation.
0-VER-SET', V. L To turn or be turned over ; to turn or
_ fall off the basis or bottom.
O-VER-SHaDE', v.t.To cover with shade ; to cover with
_ any thing that causes darkness ; to render dark or gloomy.
OVER-SHAD'oW, v. t. 1. To throw a shadow over 3 to
overshade. 2. To shelter ; to protect ; to cover with pro-
tecting influence.
O-VER-SHAD'oW-ER, n. One that throws a shade over
any thing. Bacon.
C-VER-SHAD'oW-ING, ppr. Throwing a shade over ; pro-
tecting.
O-VER-SHOOT', V. t. 1. To shoot beyond the mark. Tillot-
son. 2. To pass swiftly over. Harte. — To overshoot one's
self, to venture too far ; to assert too much.
C-VER-SHOOT', V. i. To fly beyond the mark. Collier.
O-VER-SHOT', pp. Shot beyond.
6'VER-SHOT, a. An overshot wheel is one that receives
_ the Water, shot over the top, on the descent.
O VER-SlGHT, n. 1. Superintendence ; watchful care.
1 Pet. V. 2. Mistake ; an overlooking ; omission ; error.
6-VER-SlZE', V. t. 1. To surpass in bulk or size ; [little
used.] Sandys. 2. To cover with viscid matter. Shak.
6-VER-SKIP', V. t. 1. To skip or leap over ; to pass by leap-
ing. 2. To pass over. 3. To escape.
O-VER-SLEEF, v. t. To sleep too long.
6-VER-SLIP', V. t. To slip or pass without notice ; to pass
undone, unnoticed or unused ; to omit ; to neglect.
O-VEE-SLoW, V. t. To render slow ; to check ; to curb ;
[not used.'^ Hammond.
6-VER-SNoW, v.t. To cover with snow. [Little used.]
Dryden._
6-VER-SoLD', pp. Sold at too high a price. Dryden.
O-VER-SOON', adv. Too soon. Sidney.
O-VER-SOR'ROW, v. t. To grieve or afiiict to excess.
O-VER-SPAN', V t. To reach or extend over.
O-VER-SPeAK', t t. To speak too much ; to use too many
words. Hales.
O-VER-SPENT'j vp. Harassed or fatigued to an extreme de-
gree. Dryden.
O-VER-SPRE AD', (o-ver-spred') v. t. 1. To spread over ; to
cover over. 2. To scatter over.
6-VER-SPREAD', (o-ver-spred') v. i. To be spread or scat-
tered over.
6-VER-STAND', v. t. To stand too much on price or condi-
tions ; to lose a sale by holding the price too high-
t O-VER-STARE', v. t. To stare wildly. Ascham.
O-VER-STEP', V. t. To step over or beyofld ; to exceed.
Sliak.
O-VER-STOCK', n. Superabundance ; more than is suffi-
cient.
6-VER-ST0€K', v. t. 1. To fill too full ; to crowd ; to sup-
ply with more than is wanted. 2. To furnish with more
cattle than are wanted. 3. To supply with more seed
than is wanted.
6-VER-SToRE', V. t. To store with too much ; to supply or
fill with superabundance. Hale.
6-VER-STRaIN', v. i. To strain to excess ; to make too vio-
lent efforts. Dryden.
O-VER-STRaIN', v. t. To stretch too far. Aylife.
O-VER-STREW, or o-VER-STRoW, v. t. To spread or
scatter over. Shak.
0-VER-STRl_KE', v. t. To strike beyond. Spenser.
O-VER-STRoWN', pp. Spread or scattered over. Barlow.
O-VER-SUP-PL"?', V. t. To furnish more than is sufficient.
6-VER-SWaY', v. t. To overrule ; to bear down ; to con-
trol. Hooker.
O-VER-SWELL', v. t. To swell or rise above ;''to overflow.
O'VERT, a. [Fr. ouvert.] Open to view ; public ; apparent.
Blackstone.
O-VER-TaKE', v. t. 1. To come up with in a course, pur-
suit, progress or motion ; to catch. 2. To come upon ; to
fall on afterwards. 3. To take by surprise.
O-VER-TASK', V. t. To impose too heavy a task or injunc-
tion on. Harvey.
6-VER-TAX', V. t. To tax too heavily.
6-VER-TeD'IOUS, a. Too slow ; too tedious. Doyine.
6-VER-THRoW', V. t. 1. To turn upside down. Taylor.
2. To throw down. 3. To ruin ; to demolish. 4. To de-
feat ; to conquer ; to vanquish. .5. To subvert ; to de-
stroy.
O'VER-THRoW, n. 1. The state of being overturned or
turned off the basis. 2. Ruin ; destrurtion. 3. Defeat ;
discomfiture. 4. Degradation.
O-VER-THRoW'ER, n. One that overthrows, defeats or
destroys.
O-VER-THWART , a. ] . Opposite ; being over the way or
street. 2. Crossing at right angles. 3. Cross ; perverse ;
adverse ; contradictious.
6-VER-THWART', prep. Across ; from side to side.
O-VER-THWART', v. t. To oppose. Stapleton.
O-VER-THWART 'LY, adv. 1. Across; transversely.
Peacham. 2! Perversely.
O-VER-THWART'NESS, n. 1. The state of being athwart
_ or lyingacross. 2. Perverseness ; pervicacity.
O-VER-TiRE', V. t. To tire to excess ; to subdue by fatigue.
Milton.
O-VER-TI'TLE, V. t. To give too high a title to. Fuller.
O'VERT-LY, adv. Openly ; in open view ; publicly.
g-VER-TOOK', pret. of overtake.
O-VER-TOP', v. t. 1. To rise above the top. 2. To excel ;
to surpass. 3 To obscure ; to make of less importance by
superior excellence.
O-VER-TOW'ER, v. t. To soar too high. Fuller.
O-VER-TRIP', V. t. To trip over ; to walk nimbly over.
O-VER-TRoW, V. i. [Sax. oferturwan.] To be over-con-
_ fident ; to think too highly. Wickliffe.
O-VER-TRUST', v. t. To trust with too much confidence.
O VER-TURE, n. [Fr. ouverture.] 1. Opening ; disclosure ;
discovery. 2. Proposal ; something offered for considera-
tioh, acceptance or rejection. 3. The opening piece, pre-
lude or symphony of some public act, ceremony or enter-
_ tainment.
0-VE.R-TURN', V. t. ]. To overset ; to turn or throw from
a basis or foundation. 2. To subvert ; to ruin ; to destroy.
3. To overpower ; to conquer.
O'VER-TURN, n. State of being overturned or subverted ;
_ overthrown.
G-VER-TURN'A-BLE, a. That may be overturned. [L. u.]
O-VER-TURN'ED, (o-ver-turnd') pp. Overset ; overthrown.
O-VER-TURN'ER, ?i. One that overturns or subverts.
Sicift.
O-VER-TURN'ING, ppr. Oversetting ; overthrowing ; sub-
_ verting.
O-VER-TURN'ING, n. An oversetting ; subversion ; change ;
_ revolution.
O-VER-VAL'UE, v. t. To rate at too high a price.
0-VER-VEJL'' i '"' *• '^^ cover ; to spread over. Shak.
0-VER-V5TE', v. t. To outvote ; to outnumber in votes
_ given. K. Charles.
O-VER-WATCH', v. t. To watch to excess ; to subdue by
long want of rest. Dryden.
6-VER-WATCH'ED, (o-ver-wotshf) a. Tired by too much
_ watching. Sidney.
O-VER-WeAK', a. Too weak ; too feeble. Raleigh.
O-VER-WeA'RY, v. t. To subdue with fatigue.
O-VER-WEATH'ER, (o-ver-weth'er) v. t. To bruise or bat-
_ ter by violence of weather.
O-VER-WEEN', v. i. 1. To think too highly ; to think ar-
rogantly or conceitedly. 2. To reach beyond the truth in
thought ; to think too favorably.
O-VER-WEEN'ING, ppr. 1. Thinking too highly or conceit-
edly. 2. a. That thinks too highly, particularly of one's
self; conceited; vain.
O-VER-WEEN'ING-LY, adv. With too much vanity or
conceit.
O-VER-WEIGH', V. t. To exceed in weight; to cause to
preponderate ; to outweigh ; to overbalance.
O'VER-WEIGHT, n. Greater weight ; preponderance.
O-VER- WHELM', v. t. h To overspread or crush beneath
something violent and weighty, that covers or encom-
passes the whole. 2. To immerse and bear down ; in a
figurative sense. 3. To overlook gloomily. 4. To put
over ; [obs.]
O'VER- WHELM, n. The act of overwhelming. Young.
O-VER- WHELM'ING, ppr. Crushing with weight or num-
bers.
O-VER-WHELM'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to overwhelm.
O-VER- WING', v. t. To outflank ; to extend beyond the
wing of an army. Milton.
O-VER- WISE', a. Wise to affectation. Ecclus.
6-VER-WlSE'NESS, n. Pretended or affected wisdom.
0-VER-W6RD', V. t. To say too much.
O-VER-WoRK', V. t. To work beyond the strength ; to
cause to labor too much ; to tire. South.
O-VER-WoRN', a. 1. Worn out ; subdued by toil. Dryden.
2. Spoiled by time. Shak.
6-VER-WRES'TLE, (o-ver-res'l) v. t. To subdue by wres-
tling. Spenser.
O-VER- WROUGHT', (o-ver-rawt')^p. 1. i,abored to excess.
Dryden. 2. Worked all over. Pope.
I^O-VER-YeAR'ED, (o-ver-yeerd') a. Too old. Fairfax.
O-VER-Ze AL'ED, (o-ver-zeeld') a. Too much excited with
zeal ; ruled by too much zeal. Fuller.
O-VER-ZEAL'OUS, (o-ver-zel«us) a. Too zealous ; eager to
_ excess. Locke.
O-VIC'U-LAR, a. [L. ovum.] Pertaining to an egg.
0'VI-DU€T, n. [L. ovum and ductus.] In animals, a passage
for the egg from the ovary to the womb, or a passage
which conveys the egg from the ovary.
O'VI-FORM, a. [L. ovum and forma.] Having the form or
_ figure of an egg.
O'VINE, a. [L. ovinus.] Pertaining to sheep ; consisting of
sheep.
O-VIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. ovum and pario.] Producing eggs
or producing young from eggs.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, t!, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
PM
583
PAB
6'VOID, a. [L. ovum, and Gr. eiSog.] Having the sbape of
an egg.
O'VO-LO, 71. In architecture, a round molding, tlie quarter
of a circle ; called also the quarter round.
OWE, (5) V. t. ; a regular verb ; pret. and pp. owed. [Sax.
agan ; Goth, aigan ; Svi^. aga ; Ice, eg.] 1. To be indebted ;
to be obliged or bound to pay. 2. To be obliged to ascribe
to ; to be obliged for. 3. To possess ; to have ; to be the
owner of. [This is the original sense, but now obsolete.
In place of it, we use own, from the participle. Sec Own.]
4. To be due or owing.
oWE, V. i. To be bound or obliged. Bp. Fisher.
OWING, ppr. [This is used in a passive form, contrary to
analogy, for oiven or owed.] I. Due ; that moral obliga-
tion requires to be paid. 2. Consequential ; ascribable to,
as the cause. 3. Imputable to as an agent.
OWL, n. [Sax. ula, ule ; D. uil.] A fowl of the genas
strix, that flies chiefly in the night.
OWL'ER, n. One that conveys contraband goods.
OWL'ET, n. [Fr. hulotte.] An owl, which see.
OWL'ING, w. The offense of transporting wool or sheep out
of England, contrary to the statute. Blackstone.
OWL'ISH, a. Resembling an owl . Oray.
OWL'- LIGHT, n. Glimmering or imperfect light.
OWL'-LiKE, a. Like an owl in look and habits.
OWN, a. [Sax. agen ; Sw., Dan. egen ; D., G. eigen ; the
participle of Sax. agan.] 1. Belonging to; possessed;
peculiar ; usually expressing property with emphasis, or in
express exclusion of others. It follows my, our, your, his,
their, thy, her. 2. Own often follows a verb ; as, the book
is not my own, that is, my own hook. 3. It is used as a
substitute ; as, " that they may dwell in a place of their
own.'" 2 Sam. vii. 4. " He came to his own, and his own
received him not," that is, his own nation or people.
6WN, V. t. [from the adjective.] 1. To have the legal or
rightful title to ; to have the exclusive right of possession
and use, 2. To have the legal right to, without the ex-
clusive right to use. 3. To acknowledge to belong to ; to
avow or admit that the property belongs to. 4. To avow ;
to confess, as a fault, crime or other act ; that is, to ac-
knowledge that one has done the act. 5, In general, to
acknowledge ; to confess ; to avow ; to admit to be true ;
not to deny.
OWNED, pp. 1. The legal title being vested in. 2. Ac-
knowledged ; avowed ; confessed,
OWN'ER, n. The rightful proprietor ; one who has the legal
or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not.
OWN'ER-SHIP, n. Property ; exclusive right of possession ;
_ legal or just claim or title.
OWN'ING, ppr. 1. Having the legal or just title to. 2. Ac-
knowledging ; avowing ; confessing.
t OWRE, n. [L. urus.] A beast. Mnsworth.
OWSE, n. Bark of oak beaten or ground to small pieces.
OW'SER, n. Bark and water mixed in a tan-pit.
OX, n. ; plu. Oxen, (ox'n). [Sax. oxa ; G. ochs, ochse ; D. os ;
Sw,, Dan, oxe.] The male of the bovine genus of quadru-
peds, castrated and grown to his size or nearly so.
OX'A-LATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by a combina-
tion of the oxalic acid with a base.
dX-AL'I€, a. [Gr. o^a\is.] Pertaining to sorrel.
OX'BANE, 11. A plant, buphonos, Jiinsworth.
OX'-E'fE, n. [ox and eye.] A plant.
OX'E YED, a. Having large, full eyes, like those of an ox.
OX'FLY, n. A fly hatched under the skin of cattle.
OX'GANG, n, [ox and gang.] In ancient laws, as much
landas an ox can plough in a year.
OX'HeAL, n. A plant. Mnsworth.
0X-I-0D'I€, a. Pertaining to or consisting of the compound
of oxygen and iodine.- Webster's Manual.
OX'LiKE, a. [ox and like.] Resembling an ox. Sandys.
OX'LIP, n. A plant, the cowslip.
OX'STALL, n. A stall or stand for oxen,
OX'TEii, n. [Sax. oxtan.] The arm-pit,
OX'ToNGUE. (ox'tung) n. A plant of the genus picris.
OX'Y-CRATE, ri. [Gr. o^vs and Kepau>.] A mixture of wa=
ter and vinegar. [Little used.] Wiseman.
OX'YD, n. [Gr. o^vs.] In chemistry, a substance formed by
the combination of a portion of oxygen with some base ;
or a substance combined with oxygen, without being in
the state of an acid.
OX-Y-DA-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being converted
into an oxyd, Med. Repos.
OX'Y-DA-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into an oxyd.
OX'Y-DATE, V. t. To convert into an oxyd.
OX'Y-DA-TED, pp. Converted into an oxyd.
OX'Y-DA-TING,^jjr. Converting into an oxyd.
OX-Y-Da'TION, n. The operation or process of converting
into an oxyd. Lavoisier.
OX Y-DiZE, V. t. To oxydate, which see.
OX'Y-DIZED, pp. Oxydated.
OX'Y-DlZE-MENT, n. Oxydation.
OX'Y-DlZ-ING, ppr. Oxydating.
OX'Y-GEN, n. [Gr. o|vf and yevvaw.] In chemistry, oxygen
or oxygen gas is an element or substance so named from
its property of generating acids ; it is the respirable part
of air, vital air, or the basis of it ; it is called the acidify-
ing principle, and the principle or support of combus-
tion,
0X'Y-6E-NATE, v. t. To unite or cause to combine with
oxygen, without the evolution of heat or light; to acidify
byoxygen.
OX'Y-GE-NA-TED, pp. United with oxygen.
OX'Y-GE-NA-TING, ppr. Uniting with oxygen.
OX-Y-GE-Na'TION, n. The act, operation or process of
combining with oxygen.
OX'Y-GE-NiZ-A-BLE, a. Capable of being oxygenized.
OX'Y-GE-NIZE, v. t. To oxygenate, which see.
OX'Y-GE-NlZED, pp. Oxygenated.
OX'Y-GE-NlZE-MENT, n. Oxygenation.
OX'Y-GE-NlZ-ING, ppr. Oxygenating.
OX-YG'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to oxygen, or obtained
from it,
OX'Y-GON, n. [Gr, o^vi and yiDvia.] A triangle having
threeacute angles. Diet.
OX-Y-I'O-DINE, 71. In chemistry,^ compound of the chlo-
riodic and oxiodic acids. Davy.
OX'Y-MEL, n. [Gr. o|uff and //eXj.] A mixture of vinegar
and honey. Arbuthnot.
0X-Y-M6'R0N, n. [Gr. o^v/ioypov.] A rhetorical figure, in
which an epithet of a quite contrary signification is added
to a word ; as, cruel kindness.
0X-Y-PRUS'SI€ ACID. Chloroprussic acid.
OX-YR'RHO-DINE, n. [Gr, o^vs and po^ov.] A mixture of
two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of
roses,
OX'Y-TONE, a. [Gr. o|i)j and tovos.] Having an acute
sound. Walker.
OX'Y-TONE, n. An acute sound,
OY'ER, 71. [Norm, oyer.] 1. In law, a hearing or trial of
causes, A court of oyer and terminer is constituted by a
commission to inquire, hear and determine all treasons,
felonies and misdemeanors. 2, The hearing, as of a writ,
bond, note or other specialty,
*OYES, [Fr. oyez.] This word is used by the sheriff or hi3
substitute in making proclamation in court, requiring si-
lence and attention. It is thrice repeated, and most ab-
surdly pronounced, yes.
OY'LET-HOLE. See Eyelet-hole.
OYS'TER, 71. [G. auster ,• D. oester ; Sw. ostra j Dan. dster.]
A bivalvular testaceous animal.
OYS'TER-SHELL, n. The hard covering or shell of the
oyster.
OYS'TER-WENCH, ) 7i. A woman whose occupation is
OYS'TER-WiFE, > to sell oysters ; a low woman
OYS'TER-WOM-AN, ) Shak.
O-Z^'NA, n. [Gr. olfiLiva.] An ulcer in the inside of the
nostrils that gives an ill stench. Q,uincy.
Pis the sixteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and a labi-
al articulation formed by a close compression of the ante-
rior part of the lips, as inep. It is convertible into 6 and
/, sometimes into v, and in Greek, into <p. In some words
which we have borrowed from the Greek, p is mute, as in
psalm, ptisan ; but is not silent in English words, unless
it may be in receipt, and a few irregular words, P, aspi-
xated or followed by h, represents the Greek (p, which an-
swers to the English/, as in philosophy.
P. M. stands for post meridiem, afternoon.
As a numeral, P, like G, stands for one hundred, and, with
a dash over it,T, for four hundred thousand.
t PA'AGE, n. [Norm, paage.] A toll for passage over an-
other persons grounds. Burke.
PAB'U-LAR, a. [L. pabulum.] Pertaining to food ; afford-
ing food or aliment.
PAB-U-La'TION, 71. [L. pabulatio.] The act of feeding or
procuring provender. Cockeram.
PAB'U-LOUS, a. [L. pabulum.] Affording aliment or food j
alimental. Brown.
Sh Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.~€ as K ; 6 as J i S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as m this, f Obsolete
PAC
584
PAI
PAB'U-LUM, n. [L.] 1. Food ; aliment ; that which feeds.
wh
Pa'€A, n. A small animal of America.
t Pa'€ATE, a. [L. pacatus.] Peaceful ; tranquil.
Pa'€A-TED, a. Appeased. [Little used.] Bailey.
PA-Ca'TION, n. [L. paco.] The act of appeasing.
PA€-€AN', n. An American tree and its nut.
PACE, «. [Fi. pas ; It. passo ; Sp. paso ; Li.passus.'J l.A
step. 2. The space between the two feet in walkmg, es-
timated at two feet and a half. 3. Manner of walking ;
gait.- 4. Step ; gradation in business ; [little tised.] Tem-
ple. 5. A mode of stepping among horses, in which the
legs on the same side are lifted together. 6. Degree of
celerity. — To keep or holdpace, to keep up ; to goor move
as fast as something else.
PACE, V. i. 1. To go J to walk ; to move. 2. To go, move
or walk slowly. 3. To move by lifting the legs on the
same side together, as a horse.
PACE, V. t. 1. To measure by steps. 2. To regulate in mo-
tion.
Paced, a. l. Having a particular gait ; used chiefly in com-
position. — 2. In composition, going all lengths.
Pa'CER, n. One that paces 5 a horse that paces.
PA-CHA'. See Pas haw.
PA€H-Y-DERM'A-TOUS, a. [Gr. irax^s and h^is.a.'] Hav-
ing a thick skin.
PA-CIF'I€, a. [L. padficus.'] 1. Peace-making ; concilia-
tory ; suited to make or restore peace ; adapted to recon-
cile differences ; mild ; appeasing. 2. Calm ; tranquil.
PA-CIF'ie, n. The appellation given to the ocean situated
between America on the east, and Asia ; so called on ac-
count of its exemption from violent tempests.
PAC-I-FI-€a'TION, 71. [L. pacificatio.] 1. The act of mak-
ing peace between nations or parties at variance. 2. The
act of appeasing or pacifying wrath.
PAC-I-FI-Ca'TOR, 71. [L.] A peace-maker J one that re-
stores amity between contending parties or nations.
PA-CIF'I-CA-TO-RY, a. Tending to make peace ; concil-
iatory. .Barroic.
PAC'I-FlED, pp. Appeased ; tranquilized.
PAC'I-FI-ER, 71. One who pacifies.
PAC'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. pacifier ; L. pacifico.] 1. To appease,
as wrath or other violent passion or appetite ; to calm ; to
still ; to quiet ; to allay agitation or excitement. 2. To
restorepeace to ; to tranquilize.
PAC'I-FY-ING, ^pr. Appeasing 5 tranquilizing.
<^A€K, 71. [D. pak ; G., Sw. pack.] 1. A bundle of any
thing inclosed in a cover or bound fast with cords ; a bale.
2. A burden or load. 3. A number of cards, or the num-
ber used in games ; so called from being inclosed togeth-
er. 4. A number of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept to-
gether, that is, a crowd or assemblage united. 5. A num-
ber of persons united in a bad design or practice. 6. A
great number crowded together J [obs.] 7. [Sax. pmcan.]
A loose or lewd person ; [obs,]
PACK, V. i. [D. pakken ; G. packen.] 1. To place and press
together ; to place in close order. 2. To put together and
bind fast. 3. To put in close order with salt intermixed.
4. To send in haste. 5. To put together, as cards, in
such a manner as to secure the game ; to put together in
sorts with a fraudulent design, as cards ; hence, to unite
persons iniquitously, with a view to some private interest.
PACK, u. I. 1. To be pressed or close. 2. To close ; to shut.
3. To depart in haste ; with o#. 4. To unite in bad meas-
ures ; to confederate for ill purposes ; to join in collusion.
PACK'AGE, 71. ]. A bundle or bale ; a quantity pressed or
bound together. 2. A charge made for packing goods,
PACK'CLOTH, 71. A cloth for packing goods, or in which
they are tied.
PACKED, pp. Put together and pressed ; tied or bound in a
bundle ; put down and salted, as meat ; sent off 3 united
iniquitously.
PACK'ER, n. One that packs ; an officer appointed to pack
meat, as beef, pork, fish, &c. Stat, of Conn.
PaCK'ET, 71. [Fr. paquet.] 1. A small pack or package ; a
little bundle or parcel. 2. A dispatch- vessel ; a ship or
other vessel employed by government to convey letters
from country to country, or from port to port. 3. A vessel
employed in conveying dispatches and passengers from
place to place, or to carry passengers and goods coastwise.
U. States.
PACK'ET, v.i. To ply with a packet or dispatch-vessel.
77. States.
PA€K'ET-BoAT. See Packet.
PACK'ET-SHIP, n. A ship that sails regularly between
distant countries for the conveyance of dispatches, letters,
passengers, &c.
PACK'HORSE, 71. 1. A horse employed in carrying packs
or goods and baggage. 2. A beast of burden.
PACKING, ppr. Laying together in close order ; binding in
a bundle ; putting in barrels with salt, &:c. ; uniting, as
men for a fraudulent purpose.
PACK'ING, 71. A trick ; collusion. Bale.
PACK'M AN , n. Apedler ; one who carries a pack on his back.
PACK'S AD-DLE, n. A saddle on which packs or burdens
are laid for conveyance.
PACK'STAFF, n. A staff on which a traveler occasionally
supports his pack. Bp. Hall.
PACK'THREAD, n. Strong thread or twine used in tying
up parcels.
PACK'-WAX, n. A tendinous substance of the neck of an
animal. Ray.
PA'CO, ) n. An animal of South America, resembling the
Pa 'COS, ) camel in shape, but much smaller.
PACT, n. [Fr. ; L. pactum.] A contract ; an agreement or
covenant. Bacon.
PACTION, 71. [L. pactio.] An agreement or contract.
PAC'TION-AL, a. By way of agreement. Sanderson.
PAC-Ti"TIOUS, a. Settled by agreement or stipulation.
PAD, n. [Sax. paad.] 1. A foot-path ; a road ; [obs.] 2.
An easy-paced horse. 3. A robber that infests the road
on foot; usually called afoot-pad.
PAD, n. A soft saddle, cushion or bolster stuffed with straw,
hair or other soft substance. Camden.
PAD, V. i. [Gr. Tzareoi.] 1. To travel slowly. 2. To rob on
foot. 3. To beat a way smooth and level.
PAD'AR, n. Grouts ; coarse flour or meal. Wotton.
PAD'DER, n. A robber on foot ; a higb-wayman.
PAD'DLE, V. i. 1. To row ; to beat the water, as with oars.
2. To piay in the water with the hands, as children ; or
with the feet, as fowls or other animals. 3. To finger.
PAD'DLE, V. t. To propel by an oar or paddle.
PAD'DLE, n. I. An oar, but not a large oar. 2. The blade
or the broad part of an oar or weapon.
PAD'DLER, 71. One that paddles.
PAD'DLE-STAFF, 71. A staff headed with broad iron.
PAD'DOCK, 71. [Sax. pada.] A toad or frog.
PAD'DOCK, n. [said to be corrupted from Sax. parruc.] 1.
A small inclosure for deer or other animals. 2. An in-
closure for races with hounds, <fcc.
PAD'DOCK-PIPE, n. A plant.
PAD'DOCK-STOOL, n. A plant of the genus agaricus ; a
mushroom, vulgarly toadstool.
PAD-E-Ll'ON, n. [Fr. pas de Hon.] A plant. Ainsworth.
PAD'LOCK, n. [qu. D. padde, a toad, from its shape.] A
lock to be hung on a staple and held by a link. Prior.
PAD'LOCK, V. t. To fasten with a padlock ; to stop ; to
shut ; to confine. Milton.
PAD'NAG, M. An ambling nag. Dr. Pope.
PAD'oW-PiPE, 71. A plant. See Paddock-pipe.
PAD-U-A-SOY', 7?. [from Padua, in Italy, and Fr. sole,
silk.] A particular kind of silk stuff.
PiE'AN, or Pk'AN, n. 1. Among the ancients, a song of re-
joicing in honor of Apollo 5 hence, a song of triumph.
Pope. — 2. In ancient poetry, a foot of four syllables 3 writ-
_ten a\so pcBon.
Pa'GAN, n. [Li.paganus.] A heathen ; a Gentile 3 an idol-
ater 3 one who worships false gods.
Pa'GAN, a. 1. Heathen 5 heathenish ; Gentile ; noting a
person who worships false gods. 2. Pertaining to the
jvorship of false gods.
Pa'GAN-ISH, a. [Sax. paganise.] Heathenish 3 pertaining
_to pagans. King.
Pa'GAN-ISM, 71. [Fr. paganisme,] Heathenism ; the wor-
ship of false gods, or the system of religious opinions and
worship maintained by pagans.
Pa'GAN-iZE, v. t. To render heathenish ; to convert to
heathenism. Ch. Obs.
Pa'GAN-iZE, v. i. To behave like pagans. Milton.
Pa'GAN-iZED', pp. Rendered heathenish,
Pa'GAN-iZ-ING,;)P?-. Rendering heathenish ; behaving like
pagans 3 adopting heathen principles and practice;
PAGE, 71. [Fr.,Sp. page.] 1. A boy attending on a great
person, rather for formality or show, than for servitude.
2. A boy or man that attends on a legislative body.
PAGE, 71. [L. pagina ; Fr. page.] 1, One side of a leaf of a
book. 2. A book, or writing or writings, — 3. Pa^e5, in
the plural, signifies also books or writings.
PAGE, 7). t. 1. To mark or number the pages of a book or
inanuscript. 2. To attend, as a page. Shak.
*Pa'6EANT, (pa'jent) n. [L. pegma.] 1. A statue in show,
or a triumphal car, chariot, arch or other pompous thing,
decorated with flags, &c. and carried in public shows and
processions. 2, A show 3 a spectacle of entertainment 3
something intended for pomp, 3, Any thing showy,
without stability or duration.
* Pa'GEANT, a. Showy 3 pompous 3 ostentatious.
* Pa'GEANT, v. t. To exhibit in show 3 to represent,
*Pa'6EANT-RY, n. Show 3 pompous exhibition or specta-
cle, Dryden.
PAG'T-NAL, a. Consisting of pages. Brown.
Pa 'GOD, ) 71. [Pers. pout ghod, or boot khoda.] I. A tem-
PA-Go'DA, \ pie in the East Indies in which idols are
worshiped. 2, An idol ; an image of some supposed deity.
PA-Go'DA, 71. A gold or silver coin current in Hindostan-
Pa'GOD-ITE, n. A name given to the mineral of which the
Chinese make their pagodas.
PAID, pret. and pp. of pay ; paid for payed.
* See Synopsis, a, E, I, 6, t5, Y, long—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARtNFl, BtRD ;— t Obsjleta.
PAL
585
PAL
PaI'GLE, or Pa'6IL, n. A plant and flower of the genus
primula or primrose ; cowslip-primrose.
PaIL, n. [W, paeol.'[ An open, wooden vessel used in fami-
lies for carrying liquids.
PaIL'FUL, n. Tjhe quantity that a pail will hold.
PAIL-LASSE', n. [Fr.] An under bed usually of straw.
PAIL'MAIL. See Pallmall.
PaIN, 71. [W. poen ; Fr. peine; Norm, pene, peine; Sa.'»'.
pin, or pine ; G. pein.'\ 1. An uneasy sensation in aniniii
bodies, of any degree from slight uneasiness to extreme
distress or torture. 2. Labor j work j toil ; laborious ef-
fort. In this sense, the plural only is used ; as, to take
pains. 3. Labor ; toilsome effort ; task ; in the singular ,-
[obs.] 4. Uneasiness of mind ; disquietude ; anxiety ;
solicitude for the future; grief, sorrow for the past. 5.
The throes or distress of travail or child-birth. 6. Penal-
ty ; panishment suffered or denounced ; suffering or evil
jnflicted as a punishment for a crime.
PaIN, v. t. [W. pueni ; Norm, painer ; Fr. peiner ; Sax.
pinan.] 1. To make uneasy or to disquiet ; to cause un-
eiisy sensations in the body, of any degree of intensity ;
to make simply uneasy, or to diistress, to torment. 2. To
afflict ; to render uneasy in mind ; to disquiet ; to distress.
3. Reciprocally, to pain one's self, to labor ; to make toil-
some efforts ; [little tised.]
PaIN'FUL, a. 1. Giving pain, uneasiness or distress to the
body. 2. Giving pain to the mind ; afflictive ; disquiet-
ing ; distressing. 3. Full of pain ; producing misery or
affliction. 4. Requiring labor or toil ; difficult ; executed
with laborious effort. 5. Laborious ; exercising labor 3
undergoing toil ; industrious.
PaIN'FUL-LY, adv. ]. With suffering of body; with af-
fliction, uneasiness or distress of mind. 2. Laboriously ;
with toil ; with laborious effort or diligence.
PaIN'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Uneasiness or distress of body. 2.
Affliction; sorrow; grief; disquietude or distress of mind.
3^ Laborious effort or diligence ; toil.
t PaI'NI?.!, 71. [Norm, payniin ; Ft. paien.] A pagan.
tPAl'NIM, a. Pagan; infidel. Milton.
PaIN'LESS, a. Free from pain. Fell. 2. Free from trouble.
Dryden.
PaINS'TaK-ER, n. A laborious person. Gay.
PaINS'TaK-ING, a. Laborious ; industrious. Harris.
PaINS'TaK-ING, 71 Labor ; great industry.
PaINT, v. t. [Fr. peindre, peignant, peint ; Sp. pintar.] 1.
To form a figure or likeness in colors. 2. To cover or be-
smear with color or colors, either with or without figures.
3. To represent by colors or images ; to exhibit in "form.
4. To represent or exhibit to the mind ; to present in foroi
or likeness to the intellectual view ; to describe. 5. To
color; to diversify with colors. 6. To lay on artificial
color for ornament.
PAINT, V. i. 1. To lay colors on the face. 2. To practice
painting.
PaINT, 71. 1. A coloring substance; a substance used in
painting, either simple or compound. 2. Color laid on
canvas or other material ; color representing any thing.
3. Color laid on the face ; rouge.
PaINT'ED, pp. 1. .Colored ; rubbed over with paint. 2.
Represented in form by colors. 3. Described.
PaINT'ER, n. One whose occupation is to paint ; one
skilled in representing things in colors.
PaINT'ER, 71. [qu. Ir. painter.] A rope used to fasten a
boat to a ship or other object.
PaINT'ING, ppr. Representing in colors ; laying on colors.
PaINT'ING, n. 1. The art of forming figures or resembling
objects in colors on canvas or other materia], or the art of
representing to the eye, by means of figures and colors,
any object of sight, and sometimes the emotions of the
mind. 2. A picture ; a likeness or resemblance in colore.
3. Colors laid on.
PaINT'URE, n. [Fr. peinture.] The art of painting.
PAIR, n. [Fr pair ; L,, Sp,, Port, par ; It. pari.] 1. Two
things of a kind, similar in form, applied to the same pur-
pose, and suited to each other or used together. 2. Two
of a sort ; a couple ; a brace.
PAIR, V. i. 1. To be joined in pairs ; to couple. 2. To suit ;
to fit ; as a counterpart.
PAIR, V. t. 1. To unite in couples. 2. To unite as corre-
spondent, or rather to contrast.
PAIR, V. t. To impair. See Impair.
PAIRED, pp. Joined in couples ; fitted ; suited.
PAIRING, ppr. Uniting in pairs ; fitting.
PAL' ACE, 71. [Fr. palais ; i.. palatiiim.] 1. A magnificent
house in' which an emperor, a king or other distinguished
person resides. 2. A splendid place of residence.
PAL'ACE-CoURT, n. The domestic court of the kings of
Great Britain, which administers justice between the
king's domestic servants.
f PA-La'CIOUS, a. Royal ; noble ; magnificent.
PAL-AN-Q-UiN', ) n. [Hindoo, palkee ; Port, palanque.] A
PAL-AN-KEEN', \ covered carriage used in India, China,
&c., borne on the shoulders of men, and in which a single
person is conveyed from place to place.
PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. Agreeable to the taste ; savory 2.
That is relished.
PAL'A-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being agieeab.e
to the taste ; relish. Aikin.
PAL'A-TAL, a. Pertaining to the palate ; uttered by tl)'
aid of the palate.
PAL'A-TAL, 71. A letter pronounced by the aid of the
palate, or an articulation of the root of the tongue with
the roof of the mouth ; as g hard and A-, in eg, ek
PAL'ATE, 71. [Li. palatum.] 1. The roof or uppt r part of the
mouth. 2. Taste. Pope. 3. Mental relish ; inte'Jectual
taste.
t PALMATE, V. t. To perceive by the taste. Shak.
PA-La'TIAL, a. Pertaining to the palate.
PA-La'TIAL, a. [L. palatium ] Pertaining to a palace ; be-
coming a palace ; magnificent. Druinmond.
tPAL'A-TI€, a. Belonging to the palate. Holder,
PA-LAT'I-NATE, 71. [It. palatinato ; L. palatinus.] The
province or seignory of a palatine.
PAL'A-TINE, a. [Fr. palatin ,• It. palatino ; L. palatinus.]
Pertaining to a palace ; an epithet applied originallv to
persons holding an office or employment in the king's
palace ; hence it imports possessing royal privileges.
PAL'A-TINE, 71. One invested with royal privileges.
tl'AL'A-TiVE, a. Pleasing to the taste. Brown.
PA-LaV'ER, n. [Sp. palabra ; Port, palavra.] 1. Idle talk.
2. Flattery; adulation; [vulgar.] 3. Talk; conversa
tion ; conference.
PA-LaV'ER, v. t. To flatter. [In vtdgar use.]
PALE, a. [Fi. pale,palir,] 1. White or whitish; wan; de-
ficient in color ; not ruddy or fresh of color. Fale is not
precisely synonymous with 7cnite, as it usually uenotes
what we call icar,, a darkish dun white. 2. Not bright;
not shining ; of a faint lustre ; dim.
PALE, V. t. To make pale. Skak. Prior.
PALE, 7;. [i:ax. pal; G. pfaJil ; D.paal.] 1. A narrow board
pointed or sharpened at one end, used in fencing or in-
closing. 2. A pointed stake. 3. An inclosure ; properly,
that whicli incloses, like fence, limit ; hence, the space
inclosed. 4. District; limited territory. — 5. In heraldry,
an ordinary, consisting of two perpendicular lines drawn
from the top to the base of the escutcheon, and containing
the third middle part of the field.
PALE, r. t. [D. paalen ; G. pfdhlen.] I. To inclose with
pales or stakes. 2. To inclose ; to encompass.
PAL-E-A'CEOUS, a. [L. palea.] I. Chaffy ; resembhng
chaff, or consisting of it. 2. Chaffy 3 furnished with
chaff.
PaLEU, pp. 1. Inclosed with pales or pickets. 2. Striped.
PaLE'-EyED, a. Having eyes dimmed. Milton.
PaLE'-FaCED, a. 1. Having a pale or wan face. SMh. 2.
Causing paleness of face. Shak,
PaLE'-HEART'ED, a. Dispirited. Shak.
PaLE'LY, adv. Wanlv ; not freshly or ruddily.
f PAL'EN-DAR, 71. A kind of coasting vessel. Knolles.
PaLE'NESS, 71. 1. Wanness; defectof color ; want of fresh-
ness or ruddiness ; a sickly whiteness of look. 2. Want
of color or lustre ; as the paleness of a flower. Shak.
PA-LE-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. naXaios and ygacpr,.] 1. The
art of explaining ancient writings. More correctly, 2. An
ancient manner of writing.
PA-LE-0L'0-6IST, n. One who writes on antiquity, or
one conversant with antiquity. Good.
PA-LE-OL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. naXaios and Aoyo?.] A discourse
or treatise on antiquities, or the knowledge of ancient
things.
Pa'LE-OUS, a. [L. palea.] Chaffy 3 like chaff,
PA-LES'TRI-AN, ) a. [Gr, na^aiarpiicos.] Pertaining to
PA-LES'TRI€, > the exercise of wrestling, irw-
PA-T.ES'TRI-CAL, ) ant.
t PAL'ET, 77. [Fr. pelote.] The crown of the head.
PAL'ETTE. See Pallet.
PAL'FREY, 7;. [Fr. palefroi ; It. palafreno.] LA horse
used by noblemen and others for state, distinguished from
a war horse. 2, A small horse fit for ladies,
PAL'FREYED, a. Riding on a palfrey,
PAL-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. pabi^.] The act or practice of
driving piles or posts into the ground for making it
firm.
PAL'IN-DROME, 71. [Gr. naXivSpojxia.] A word, verse or
sentence that is the same when read backwards or for-
wards.
PaL'ING, ppr. Inclosing with pales.
PaL'ING, 71. A fence formed with pales.
PAL-IN-GE-Ne'SI-A, 71, A regeneration.
PAL'IN-ODE, ) n. [Gr. rraXij/wJta.] A recantation, or dec-
PAL'IN-0-DY, \ laration contrarj' to a former one.
PAL-I-SaDE', or PAL-l-SA'DO, 7i. [Fr. palissade.] A fence
or fortification consisting of a row of stakes or posts
sharpened and set firmly in the ground.
PAL-I-SaDE', v. t. To surround, inclose or fortify with
stakes or posts.
PaL'ISH, a. Somewhat pale or wan. Arbuthnot.
See SinopsiJ MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 3 TH as in this, t Obsolete
TAL
586 PAN
PALL, n. [L. pallium ; Sax. pmlle.] 1. A cloak ; a manlle
of state. 2. Tlie mantle of an archbishop. 3. The cloth
thrown over a dead body at funerals.
PALL, n. In heraldry, a figure like the Greek Y. Encyc.
PALL, V. t. To cloak ; to cover or invest. Shak.
PALL, V. i. [W. pallu.] To become vapid ; to lose strength,
life, spirit or taste ; to become insipid.
PALL, V. t. 1. To make vapid or insipid. 2. To make
spiritless ; to dispirit ; to depress. 3. To weaken ; to im-
pair. 4. To cloy.
t PALL, n. Nauseating. Ld. Shaftsbury.
PAL-La'DI-UM, n. [Gr. naWaSiov.] 1. Primarily, a statue
of the goddess Pallas. 2. Something that affords effectual
defense, protection and safety. 3. A metal found in veiy
small grains.
PAL'LET, 71. [Fr. palette ; It. paletta.J I. Among painters,
a little oval table or board, or piece of ivory, on which the
painter places the colors to be used. — 2. Among potters,
crucible makers, &c. a wooden instrument for forming,
beating and rounding their works. — 3. In gilding, an in-
strument made of a squirrel's tail. — 4. In heraldry, a small
pale ; [see Pale.] 5. A small part belonging to the bal-
ance of a watch ; the nut of a watch. 6. A measure
formerly used by surgeons, containing three ounces.
PAL'LET, n. [paillet. Chancer ; Fr. paille ; li. palea ; Ir.
penlL] A small bed. Milton.
jPAL'LI-A-MENT, 7i. [L. pallium.'] A dress ; a robe.
t PAJ.'LI-ARD, n. [Fr.] A lecher ; a lewd person.
t PAL'LI-ARD-lSE, n. Fornication. Buck.
PAL'LI-ATE, V. t. [Fr. pallier ; Sp. paliar.] 1. To clothe ;
[obs.] 2. To cover with excuse ; to conceal the enormity
of offenses by excuses and apologies; hence, to ex-
tenuate ; to lessen ; to soften by favorable representa-
tions. 3. To reduce in violence ; to mitigate ; to lessen
or abate.
t PAL'LI-ATE, a. Eased; mitigated.
PAL'U-A-TED, pp. Covered by excuses; extenuated; soft-
ened.
PAL'LI-A-TING, ppr. Concealing the enormity or most
censurable part of conduct ; extenuating ; softening.
PAL-LI-A'TION, 71. 1. The act of palliating ; concealment
of the most flagrant circumstances of an offense ; extenu-
ation by favorable representation. 2. Mitigation ; allevi-
ation ; "abatement.
PAL'LI-A-TiVE, a. [Fr. palliatif.] 1. Extenuating ; serv-
ing to extenuate by excuses or favorable representation.
2. Mitigating ; alleviating ; as pain or disease.
PAL'LI-A-TiVE, 71. 1. That which extenuates. 2. That
which mitigates, alleviates or abates the violence of pain,
disease or other evil. Swift.
PAL'LID, a. [L. pallidas.] Pale ; wan ; deficient in color;
not high-colored. Spenser.
fPAL-LID'I-TY, ?i. Paleness.
PAL'LID-LY, adv. Palely ; wanly. Taylor.
PAL'LID-NESS, n. Paleness ; wanness.
PALL-MALL', (pel-mel') n. [h. pila and malleus ; It. palla
and malleo.] A play in which a ball is driven through an
iron ring by a mallet ; also, the mallet.
PAL'LOR, n. [L.J Paleness. Taylor.
PALM, (pam) n. [Ij.palma.] 1. The inner part of the hand.
2. A hand or hand's breadth ; a lineal measure of three
inches. 3. The broad triangular part of an anchor at the
end of the arms. 4. The name of many species of plants,
but particularly of the date-tree or great palm. 5. Branches
of the palm being worn in token of victory, hence the
word signifies superiority, victory, triumph. — 6. Among
seamen, an instrument used in sewing canvas, instead of
a thimble.
PALM, (pam) v. t. 1. To conceal in the palm of the hand.
2. To impose by fraud. 3. To handle. 4. To stroke
with the hand.
PALM'-SUN-DAY, (pam'-sun-de) n. The Sunday next be-
fore Easter ; so called in commemoration of our Savior's
triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude
strewed palm-branches in the way.
PALM'-TREE, (pam'-tree) n. The date tree.
PAL MAR, a. [L. palmaris.] Of the breadth of the hand.
PAL'MA-RY, a. [L. palmaris.] Principal ; capital. £p.
Home.
PAL'MA-TED, a. [L. palmatus.] 1. Having the shape of a
hand ; resembling a hand with the fingers spread. 2. En-
tirely webbed.
PALM'ER, (pam'er) n. One that returned from the Holy
Land bearing branches of palm ; a pilgrim or crusader.
PALM'ER-WoRM, (pam'er-wurm) v. A worm.
PAL-MET'TO, 71. A species of palm-tree.
PAL-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. palma and fero.] Bearing palms.
Diet
PAL'MI-PED, a. [L. falma and pes.] Web-footed ; having
the toes connected by a membrane ; as a water-fowl.
PAL'MI-PED, 71. A fowl that has webbed feet.
PAL'MTS-TER, n. One who deals in palmistry.
PAL'MIS-TRY, 71. [L. palma.] 1. The art or practice of
divining or telling fortunes by the lines and marks in the
being perceptible by
pal m of the Jian d . 2. Jlddison uses it humorously , for the
action of the hand.
PALM'Y, (pam'y) a. Bearing palms. Shale.
PALP, V. t. To feel. [JVot authorized.]
PAL-PA-BIL'I-TY, 7i. The quality of)
the touch. Arbwthnot.
PAL'PA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Perceptible by the touch ; that
may be felt. 2. Gross ; coarse ; easily perceived and de-
tected. 3. Plain; obvious; easily perceptible.
PAL'PA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being palpable ;
plainness ; obviousness ; grossness.
PAL'PA-BLY, adv. I. In such a manner as to be perceived
by the touch. 2. Grossly ; plainly ; obviously.
PAL-Pa'TION, n. [L. palpatio.] The act of feeling.
PAL'PI-TATE, V. i. [L. palpito.] To beat gently f to beat,
as the lieart ; to flutter, tliat is, to move with little throes ;
as we say, to go pit a pat.
PAL-PI-Ta'TION, 71. [L. palpitatio.] ]. A beating of the
heart ; particularly, a preternatural beating or pulsation
excited by violent action of the body, by fear, fright or
disease. 2. A violent, irregular motion of the heart.
PALS'GRAVE, (pawlzgrave) n. [G. pfalzgraf.] A count
or earl who has the superintendence of the king's pal-
ace.
PAL'SI-€AL, a. Affected with palsv ; paralytic.
PAL'SIED, part. Affected With palsy.
PAL'SY, 71. [contracted from Gr. napaXvcig.] The loss or
defect of the power of voluntary muscular motion in the
whole body, or in a particular part ; paralysis.
PAL'SY, V. t. To paralyze ; to deprive of the power of mo-
tion ; to destroy energy. Duin-ht.
PAL'SY, V. t. To affect with the palsy ; used frequently in
a figurative sense.
PAL'.'SY-ING, ppr. Affecting with the palsy.
PAL'TER, v.i. To shift; to dodge; to »- .ay tricks. Johnson.
Rather, to fail ; to come short ; to ' .alk.
t PAL'TER, v. t. To squander. O.u. Mnsworth.
PAL'TER-ER, n. One that palters, fails or falls short.
PAL'TRI-NESS, n. The state of being paltry or vile.
PAL'TRY, a. [Sw. jyalta, plu. paltor ; Scot, paltrie, or pel-
trie.] Ragged ; mean ; vile ; worthless ; despicable.
Pa'LY, a. I. Pale ; wanting color ; used only in poetry^
Shak. — 2. In heraldry, divided by pales into four equal
parts.
PAM, 71. The knave oi clubs. Pope.
PAM'PER, V. t. [It. pambere, pamberato.] 1. To feed to the
full ; to glut ; to saginate ; to feed luxuriously. 2. To
gratify to the full ; to furnish with that which delights.
PAM'PERED, pp. Fed high; glutted or gratified to the
full.
PAM'PER-TNG, ppr. Glutting ; feeding luxuriously ; grati-
fying to the full.
PAM'PER-ING, n. Luxuriancy. Fulke.
PAM'PHLET, 71. [Sp. papelon ; papeleta ; papel volantc]
A small book consisting of a sheet of paper ; or of sheets
stitched together but not bound.
PAfll'PHLET, v. t. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets.
PAM-PHLET-EER', 7i. A writer of pamphlets ; a scribbler,
PAN, n. [Sax., Sw. ijanna ; D. pan.] I. A vessel broad
and somewhat hollow or depressed in the middle, or with
a raised border. 2. The part of a gun-lock or other fire-
arms which holds the priming that communicates with
the charge. 3. Something hollow. — 4. Among farmers,
the hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. 5. The
top of the head.
PAN, V. t^ To join ; to close together. [Local.]
PAN-A-Ce'A, n. [L.] I. A remedy for all diseases ; a
univei-sal medicine. 2. An herb.
PA-Na'DA, ) n. [Fr. panade.] A kind of food made by
PA-Na DO, \ boiling bread m water to the consistence of
pulp and sweetened.
PAN'CAEE, 71. A thin cake fried in a pan. Franklin.
PANCH, n. [W. panu.] Among seamen, a thick and strong
mat, to be fastened on yards to prevent friction.
PAN-€RAT'TC, ) a. [Gr. nav and K^arog.] Excelling
PAN-€RAT'I-€AL, \ in all gymnastic exercises ; very
strong or robust.
PAN'CRE-AS, 77. [Gr. nav and Koeag.] A gland of the body
situated between the bottom or the stomach and the ver-
tebres.
PAN-€RE-AT'I€, a. Pertaining to the pancreas.
PAN'CY. See Panst.
PAN'DECT, n. [L. pandectm.] 1. A treatise which con-
tains the whole of any science. — 2. Pandects, in the plu-
ral, the digest or collection of civil or Roman law, made
by order of the emperor Justinian.
PAN-DEM'IC, a. [Gr. -nav and (5?7/xof.] Incident to a whole
people ; epidemic.
PAN'DER, w. [qu. It. pandere.] A phnp ; a procurer; a
male bawd ; a mean, profligate wretch, who caters for
the lust of others.
PAN'DER, V. t. To pimp ; to procure lewd women lor
others. Shak.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, S, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
FAN
587
PAP
PAN'DER, V. i. 1. To act as agent for the lusts of others.
2. To be subservient to lust or passion.
PAN'DER-A6E, n. A procuring of sexual connection.
PAN'DER-ISM, n. The employment or vices of a pander ;
a pimping. Swift.
PAN'DER-LY,_a. Pimping ; acting the pander.
PAN-DI€-U-La'TION, n. [L. pandiculor.] A yawning ; a
stretching J the tension of the solids that accompanies
yawning.
PAN'DIT, or PUN'DIT, n. In Hindostan, a learned man.
PAN'DORE, or PAN DO-RAN, w. [Gr. iravdovpa.] An in-
strument of music of the lute kind ; a bandore.
PANE, 71. [Fr. pan; Arm. panelL] 1. A square of glass.
2. A piece of any thing in variegated works.
PaNED, a. Variegated ; composed of small squares, as a
counterpane usually is. Cavendish.
*PAN-E-GYR'I€, n. [Fr. pane^yrique ; It., Sp. panegirico ;
Ju. panegyricus.] 1. An oration or eulogy in praise of
some distinguished person or achievement ; a formal or
elaborate encomium. 2. An encomium ; praise bestowed
on some eminent person, action or virtue.
* PAN-E-GYR'I€, ) a. Containing praise or eulogy ; en-
* PAN-E-6YR'I-€AL, \ comiastic.
PAN-E-GY'RIS, n. A festival ; a public meeting.
PAN-E-6YR'IST, n. One who bestows praise ; a eulogist ;
an encomiast, either by writing or speaking.
PAN'E-GY-RiZE, v. t. To praise highly ; to write or pro-
nounce a eulogy on. Ch. Obs.
PAN'E-GY-RiZE, v. i. To bestow praises. Mitford.
PAN'E-GY-RlZED, pp. Highly praised or eulogized.
PAN'E-6Y-RlZ-ING, ppr. Praising highly ; eulogizing.
PAN'EL, w. [Fr. panneau; Sw. paniia.] 1. A square piece
of board, or other piece somewhat similar, inserted be-
tween other pieces. 2. A piece of parchment or sched-
ule, containing the names of persons summoned by the
sheriff. 3. The whole jury.
PAN'EL, V. t. To form with panels. Pennant.
PaNE'LESS, a. Without panes of glass. Shenstone.
PANG, n. [D. pynigen ; G. peinigen.] Extreme pain ; an-
guish ; agony ofhody ; particularly, a sudden paroxysm
of extreme pain.
PANG, V. t. To torture ; to give extreme pain to.
PAN'GO-LIN, n. A species of manis, or scaly lizard, found
only in Hindostan. Encyc.
PAN'ie, n. [Sp., It. panico ; Fr. pajiique.] A sudden fright ;
particularly, a sudden fright without real cause, or terror
inspired by a trifling cause or misapprehension of danger.
PAN'T^AT i°" Extreme or sudden ; applied to fright.
PAN'I€, n. [li. panicum.] A plant and its grain.
PAN'I€-GRASS, n. A plant of the genus panicum.
PAN'I-€LE, n. [L. panicula.] In botany, a species of in-
florescence. Martyn.
PAN'I-€LED, a. Furnished with panicles. Eaton.
PA-NIOU-LATE, ) a. 1. Having branches variously
PA-NI€'U-LA-TED, I subdivided. 2. Having the flow-
ers in panicles.
PAN'NADE, 71. The curvet of a horse. Ainsworth.
PAN'NAGE, 71. [from L. panis.] The food of swine in the
woods, as beech nuts, acorns, &c., called also pawns ;
also, the money taken by agistors for the mast of the
king's forest. Cowel.
PAN'NEL, 71. [W. panel ; L. pannus.] 1. A kind of rustic
saddle. 2. The stomach of a hawk.
tPAN-NEL-LA'TION, n. The act of impanneling a jury.
PANN'IER, (pan'yer) n. [Fr. panier ; It. paniera.] A wick-
er basket ; primarily, a bread-basket, but used for carry-
ing fruit or other things on a horse.
t PAN'NI-KEL, 71. The brain-pan or skull. Spenser.
PAN'0-PLY, n. [Gr. TravorXta.] Complete armor or de-
fense. Ray.
PAN-O-Ra'MA, n. [Gr. izav and opafxa.] Complete or en-
tire view ; a circular painting having apparently no be-
ginning or end, from the centre of which the spectator
may have a complete view of the objects presented.
PAN-SOPH'I-€AL, a. Pretending to have a knowledge of
every thing. Worthington.
PAN'SO-PHY, 71. [Gr. rrav and oo(pia.] Universal wisdom
or knowledge. [Little losed.] Hartlib.
PAN'SY, 71. [Fr. pensee.'\ A plant and flower.
PANT, V. i. [Fr. panteler.] 1. To palpitate ; to beat with
preternatural violence or rapidity, as the heart in terror,
or after hard labor, or in anxious desire or suspense. 2.
To have the breast heaving, as in short respiration or
want of breath. 3. To play with intermission or declin-
ing strength. 4. To long ; to desire ardently.
PANT, n. Palpitation of the heart. Shak.
PAN-TA-LOON', n. [Fr. pantalon.] 1. A garment for
males, in which breeches and stockings are in a piece ; a
species of close, long trowsers, extending to the heels. 2.
A character in the Italian comedy, and a buffoon in pan-
tomimes.
PANT'ER, n. One that pants.
PANT'ER, 71. Qr. painter.! A net. Chaucer.
PANT'ESS, n. The difiicufty of breathing in a hawk.
PAN'THE-ISM, n. [Gr. irav and Oeos.] The doctrine that
the universe is God.
PAN'.THE-IST,7i. One that believes the universe to be
God ; a najne given to the followers of Spinosa. Encyc.
PAN-THE-IS'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to pantheism ; con-
PAN-THE-IS'TI-€-AL, j founding God with the universe
PAN-THE'ON, 71. [Gr. ras, or irav, and Oeog.] A temple or
magnificent edifice at Rome, dedicated to all the gods.
PAN'THER, n. [L. ; Gr. iravdrjp.] A fierce, ferocious quad-
ruped of the genus felis, of the size of a large dog, with
short hair of a yellow color, diversified with roundish
black spots.
PAN'TlLE, n. [qu. W. pantu.] A gutter tile.
PANT'ING, ppr. Palpitating; breathing with a rapid sue
cession of inspirations and expirations ; longing.
PANT'ING, n. Palpitation; rapid breathing ; longing.
PANT'ING-LY, adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing.
PANT'LER, n. [Fr. panetier.] The officer in a great fami-
ly who has charge of the bread. Shak.
PAN'TO-FLE, 71. [Fr. pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot.
PAN'TO-GRAPH, n. [Gr. navra and ypa^w.] A mathe-
matical instrument so formed as to copy any sort of
design.
PAN-TO-GRAPH'IC, ) a. Pertaining to a pantograph ,
PAN-TO-GRAPH'I-€AL, ] performed by a pantograph.
PAN-TOG'RA-PHY, n. General description ; view of an
entire thing.
PAN-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. navra and ^Erpew.] An instru-
ment for measuring all sorts of elevations, angles and dis-
tances.
PAN-TO-MET'RI€, la. Pertaining to a pantometer;
PAN-T0-MET'R1-€AL, ] performed by a pantometer.
PAN'TO-MlME, 71. [L. pantomimus.] 1. One that imitates
all sorts of actions and characters without speaking ; one
that expresses his meaning by mute action. 2. A scene
or representation in dumb show. 3. A species of musical
entertainment.
PAN'-TO-MIME, a. Representing only in mute action
Smith.
PAN-TO-MIM'I€, I a. Pertaining to the pantomime ;
PAN-TO-MIM'I-CAL, ) representing characters and ac
tions by dumb show.
PAN'TON, ) n. [qu. L. pando.] A horse-shoe con-
PAN'TON-SHoE, \ trived to recover a narrow and hoof
bound heel.
PAN'TRY, 7!. [Fr. panetiere.J An apartment or closet in
which provisions are kept.
PAN'UR-6Y, 71. [Gr. navovpyta.] Skill in all kinds of work
or business; craft. Bailey.
PAP, 71. [Li. papilla.] A nipple of the breast ; a teat.
PAP, 71. [Low L. papa.] I. A soft food for infants, made
with bread boiled or softened with water. 2. The pulp
of fruit.
PAP, V. t. To feed with pap.
PA-PA', n. [L., Fr. papa ; D., G. papa ; It., Sp.papa, the
pope.] Father ; a word with us used by children. Swift.
Pa'PA-CY, n. [Fr. papaute ; It. papato.] 1. The office and
dignity of the pope or bishop of Rome j popedom. 2. Pa-
pal authority.
Pa'PAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Belonging to the pope or pontiff of
Rome ; popish. 2. Proceeding from the pope. 3. An-
nexed to the bishopric of Rome.
t Pa'PA-LIN, n. A papist. Herbert.
PA-PAV'ER-OUS, a. [L. papnvereus.] ResembliUft .he pop-
py ; of the nature or qualities of poppies. Brown.
PA-PAW', 7?. [Fr. papayer.] 1. The carica papaya, a tree.
2. The papaw of JV. America belongs to the genus annona.
PAPE, 71. The pope.
Pa'PER, n. [Fr, papier ; It. papiro ; L. papyrus.] 1. A
substance formed into thin sheets, on which letteia and
figures are written or printed. 2. A piece of paper. 3. A
single sheet printed or written. 4. Any written instru-
ment. 5. A promissory note or notes, or a bill of exchange.
Kent. 6. Hangings printed or stamped ; paper for cover-
ing the walls of rooms.
Pa'PER, a. 1. Made of paper; consisting of paper. 2
Thin ; slight.
PaTER, v. t. 1. To cover with paper ; to furnish with
paper-hangings; as, to;)aper a room or a house. 2. To
register ; [obs ] Shak. 3. To fold or inclose in paper.
Pa'PER-CRED'IT, 71. 1. Evidences of debt; promissory
notes, &c., passing current in commercial transactions.
3. Notes or bills emitted by public authority, promising
the payment of money.
Pa'PER-FaCED, a. Having a face as white as paper.
Pa'PER-KiTE, n. A light frame covered with paper for
flying in the air like a kite. Warton.
Pa'PER-Ma-KER, n. One that manufactures papei.
Pa'PER-MILL, 71. A mill in which paper is manufac-
tured.
Pa'PER-MoN'EY, 71. Notes or bills issued by authorifv
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
PAR
588 PAR
and promising the payment of money, circulated as the
representative of coin.
Va PER-STaIN'ER, 71. One that stains, colors or stamps
paper for hangings.
PA-PES'CENT, a. [from pap.] Containing papj having
the qualities of pap. Arbuthnot.
Pa'PESS, n. A female pope Hall.
PAP'IL, n. [L. papilla.] A sraall pap or nipple.
PA-PIL'I-O, n. [L.] A butterfly. Barbut.
PA-PIL-I-O-NaCEOUS, a. Resembling the butterfly.
* PAP'IL-LA-RY, > a. Pertaining to the pap or nipple ; re-
* PAP'IL-LOUS, \ sembling the nipple 5 covered with
papils.
PAP'IL-LATE, V. i To grow into a nipple. Fleming.
PAP'IL-LOSE, a. Nipply; covered with fleshy dots or
points ; verrucose ; warty. Smith.
Papism, n. [from Fr. pape.] Popery. Bedell.
Pa'PIST, n. [Fr. papists 1 A Roman Catholic ; one that
adheres to the church of Rome and the authority of the
pope.
PA-PIST'I€, ) a. Popish ; pertaining to popery ; adhe-
PA-PTST'I-CAL, j rent to the church of Rome.
Pa' PIS T-RY, M. Popery; the doctrines and ceremonies of
_the_church of Rome. Whitgifte.
Pa'PiZED, a. Conformed to popery. Fuller.
PAP-POOS', or PAP-POOSE', n. The Indian name for a
child.
PAP'POUS, a. [L. pappus.] Downy ; furnished with a pap-
pus, as the seeds of certain plants.
PAP'PUS, n. [L.] The soft, downy substance that grows
nu the seeds of certain plants, as on those of the thistle.
PaP'PY, a. Like pap 3 soft ; succulent. Burnet.
PAP'lJ-LiE, n. [L.] Pimples ; blisters ; eruptions on the
skin.
PAP'U-LOSE, a. Covered with vesicular points or with
little blisters. Martyn.
PAP'U-LOUS, a. Full of pimples or pustules.
PA-PY'RUS, n. [L.] An Egyptian plant, a kind of reed,
of which the ancients made paper.
Par, n. [L. par.] 1. State of equality; equal value;
equivalence without discount or premium. 2. Equality
in condition.
t PAR'A-BLE, a. [L. parabilis.] Easily procured.
PAR' A-BLE, n. [Fr. parabole ; L. parabola ; Gr. n-apa/SoX?;.]
A fable or allegorical relation or representation of some-
thing real in life or nature, from which a moral is drawn
for instruction.
PAR'A-BLE, V. t. To represent by fiction or fable. Mil-
ton.
PA-RAB'O-LA, n. [L.] A conic section arising from cutting
a cone by a plane parallel to one of its sides.
PA-RAB'0-LE, n. in oratory, similitude ; comparison.
PAR-A-B0L'I€, ) a. Expressed by parable or allegori-
PAR-A-BOL'I-€AL, j cal representation. 2. [from parab-
ola.] Having the form of a parabola.
PAR-A-BOL'I-€AL-LY, ado. 1. By way of parable.
Brown. 2. In the form of a parabola.
PAR-A-BOL'I-FORM, a. Having the form of a parabola.
PA-RAB'0-LISM, n. In algebra, the division of the terms
of an equation by a known quantity that is involved or
multiplied in the first term.
PA-RAB'0-LOID, n. [Gr. irapa(3o\ri and ei6os.] In geome-
try, a paraboliform curve is one whose ordinates are sup-
posed to be in the subtriplicate, subqaadruplicate, &c.,
ratio of their respective abscissag. — ji parabolic conoid;
[see Conoid.] Encyc.
PAR-A-CEL'SIAN, n. A physician who follows the prac-
tice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician.
PAR-A-CEL'SIAN, a. Denoting the medical practice of
Paracelsus. Hakewid.
PAR-A-CEN'TE-SIS, ) n. [Gr. TrapaKEvrrims.] The opera-
PAR-A-CEN'TE-SY, \ tion in surgery called tapping.
PAR-A-CEN'TRie. ) a. [Gr. ^apa and Kcvrpov.] Devi-
PAR-A-CEN'TRI-CAL, \ ating from circularity.
PA-RACH'RO-NISM, n. [Gr. napa and xpovog.] An error
in chronology ; a mistake in regard to the true date of an
event.
PAR'A-CHUTE, n. [Gr. napa, and Fr. chute.] In aerosta-
tion, an instniment to prevent the rapidity of descent.
PARA-CLETE, n. [Gr. iTapaK\r]Tos.] Properly, an advo-
cate ; one called to aid of support; hence, the Consoler,
<yOuiiforter or Intercessor ; a term applied to the Holy Spirit.
Pearson.
PA-RaDE', n. [Fr. parade.] 1. In military affairs, the
place where troops assemble for exercise, mounting guard
or other purpose. 2. Show ; ostentation ; display. 3.
T'ompous procession. 4. Military order ; array. 5. State
of preparation or defense. 6. [Fr.] The action of parrying
a thrust.
PA-RaDE', v. t. 1. To assemble and array or marshal in
military order. 2. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious
manner.
PA-RaDE', v. i. 1. To assemble and be marshaled in mili-
tary order. 2. To go about in military procession. 3. To
walk about for show.
PA-RaD'ED, pp. Assembled and arrayed.
PAR'A-DIGM, (par'a-dim) n. [Gr. na'paSeiypa.] An exam-
ple ; a model. — In grammar, an example of a verb conju-
gated in the several modes, tenses and persons.
PAR-A-DIG-MAT'IC, ) a. Exemplary. [Lime used.]
PAR-A-DIG-MAT'I-CAL, \ More.
PAR-A-DIG'MA-TiZE, v. t. To set forth as a model or es -
ample. [Little used.] Hammond.
PA-RaD'ING, ppr. Assembling and arraying in due order ;
making an ostentatious show.
PAR'A-DISE, n. [Gr. irapaSsiaos.] 1. The garden of Eden,
in which Adam and Eve were placed immediately after
their creation. Milton. 2. A place of bliss ; a region of
supreme felicity or delight. Milton. 3. Heaven, the
blissful seat of sanctified souls after death. 4. Primarily j
in Persia, a pleasure- garden with parks and other appen-
dages.
PAR-A-DIS'E-A, n. Bird of Paradise, a genus of fowls.
PAR'A-DlSED, a. Having the delights of Paradise.
PAR-A-DIS'E-AN, i a. 1. Pertaining to Eden or Para-
PAR-A-DI-Sl'A-€AL, \ dise, or to a place of felicity. 2.
Suiting paradise ; like paradise.
PAR'A-DOX, n. [Fr. paradoxe.] A tenet or proposition
contrary to received opinion, or seemingly absurd, yet
true in fact.
PAR-A-DOX'I-€AL, a. I. Having the nature of a paradox.
2. Inclined to tenets or notions contrary to received opin-
ions.
PAR-A-DOX'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a paradoxical manner, or
in a manner seemingly absurd. Collier.
PAR.A-DOX'I-€AL-NESS, n. State of being paradoxical.
t PAR-A-DOX-OL'0-6Y, n. [paradox, and Gr. \oyos] The
use of paradoxes. Brown.
PAR'A-GO-GE, n. [Gr. rrapaywyV'] In grammar, the addi-
tion of a letter or syllable to the end of a word.
PAR-A-GOG'ie, I a. Pertaining to a paragoge ; length-
PAR-A-G06'I-€AL, \ ening a word by the addition of a
letter or syllable.
PAR'A-GON, n. [Fr. parangon ; Sp. paragon.] 1. A model
or pattern: a model by way of distinction, implying su-
perior excellence or perfection. 2. A companion ; a fel-
low ; [obs.] 3. Emulation ; a match for trial ; [obs.]
PAR'A-GON, V. t. [Sp. para^nar.] 1. To compare ; to
parallel ; [little luied.] 2. To equal ; [little used.]
PAR'A-GON, V. i. To pretend comparison or equality.
[Little used.]
PAR'A-GRAM, n. [Gr. Ttapaypapyia.] A play upon words,
or a pun. Addison.
PAR-A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A punster. Addison
PAR'A-GRAPH, 71. [It. paragrafo ; Fr. paragraphe.] A
distinct part of a discourse or writing ; any portion or sec-
tion of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular
point, whether consisting of one sentence or many sen-
tences. A paragraph is sometimes marked thus, TT ; but,
more generally, a paragraph is distinguished only by a
break in the composition or lines.
PAR'A-GRAPH, v. t. To form or write paragraphs.
PAR-A-GRAFH'I€, ; a. Consisting of paragraphs or
PAR-A-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ short divisions, with breaks.
PAR-A-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. By paragraphs ; with dis-
tinct breaks or divisions.
PAR-A-LEP'SIS, / 71. [Gr. TTapa\eixpis.] In rhetoric, a pre-
PAR'A-LEP-SY, \ tended or apparent omission ; a figure
by which a speaker pretends to pass by what at the same
time he really mentions.
PAR-A-LI-POM'E-NA, n. [Gr. napaXenT'j}.] Things omit
ted ; a supplement containing things omitted in the pre-
ceding work.
PAR'A-LiZE, or PAR'A-L-?ZE, v. t. [Gr. irapaXvu).] To
affect as with palsy ; to check action, or destroy the pow-
er of action.
PAR-AL-LA€'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to the parallax of a
PAR-AL-LA€'TI-€AL, J heavenly body.
PAR'AL-LAX, n. [Gr. 7rapaXXa|«f.] In astronomy, the
change of place in a heavenly body in consequence of be-
ing viewed from different points.
PAR'AL-LEL, a. [Gr. TrapaXXrjXos.] 1. In geometry, ex-
tended in the same direction, and in all parts equally dis-
tant. 2. Having the same direction or tendency ; run-
ning in accordance with something. 3. Continuing a
resemblance through many particulars; like; similar;
equal in all essential parts.
PAR'AL-LEL, n. 1. A line which, throughout its whole
extent, is equidistant from another line. 2. A line on the
globe marking the latitude. 3. Direction conformable to
that of another line. 4. Conformity continued through
many particulars, or in all essential points ; resemblance ;
likeness. 5. Comparison made. 6. Any thing equal to or
resembling another in all essential particulars.
I PAR'AL-LEL, v.t. 1. To place so as to keep the same di-
* See Synopsis A, K. I O X!,^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
PAR
589
PAR
rection, and at an equal distance from something else. 2.
To level 5 to equal. 3. To correspond to. 4, To be equal
to ; to resemble in all essential points. 5. To compare.
PAK.'AL-LEL-A-BLE, a. That may be equaled. [L. u.]
f PAR'AL-LEL-LESS, a. Not to be paralleled j matchless.
PAR'AL-LEL-ISM, n. 1. State of being parallel. More. 2.
Resemblance; equality of state 3 comparison. Warton.
PAR'AL-LEL-LYj adv. In a parallel manner ; with paral-
lelism. Scott.
PAR-AL-LEL'0-GRAM, n. [Gr. napaWrj^oi and ypajxfia.']
1. In geometry, a right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose
opposite sides are parallel and equal. — 2. In common use,
this word is applied to quadrilateral figures of more length
than breadth.
PAR-AL-LEL-0-GRAM'I€, la. Having the properties
PAR-AL-I.EL-0-GRAM'I-€AL, \ of a parallelogram.
PAR-AL-LEL-O-PI'-PED, n. [parallel, and Gr. em and
TTcSov.] 1. In geometry, a regular solid comprehended un-
der six parallelograms, the opposite ones of which are
similar, parallel and equal to each other, or it is a prism
whose base is a parallelogram.
PAR-AL-LEL-0-PI-Pe'DI-A, n. A genus of spars,
*PA-RAL'0-6ISM, n. [Gr. tTapaXoyLajios.] In Zo^ic, a fal-
lacious argument or false reasoning.
PA-RAL'0-6lZE, v. i. To reason falsely. Ash.
PA-RAL'O-GY, n. False reasoning. Brown.
PA-RAL'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. napaXvais.] Palsy ; the loss of the
power of muscular motion, or of the command of the
PAR-A-LYTT€, or PAR-A-LYT'I-€AL, a. 1. Affected
with palsy ; deprived of the power of muscular motion ;
sometimes, weak ; trembling ; subject to an involuntary
shaking. 2. Inclined or tending to palsy.
PAR-A-LYT'I€, n. A person affected with palsy. Hall.
PAR'A-LYZE. See Paralixe.
PA-RAM'E-TER, m. [Gr. napafjLETpsw.] 1. The latus rectum
of a parabola. — 2. In conic sections, a third proportional to
any diameter and its conjugate. — In the parabola, a third
proportional to any absciss and its ordinate.
PAR'A-MOUNT, a. [Norm, peramont.] 1. Superior to all
others ; possessing the highest title or jurisdiction ; as,
lord paramount, the chief lord of the fee, or of lands, tene-
ments and hereditaments. 2. Eminent ; of the highest
order. 3. Superior to all others.
PAR'xl-MOUNT, n. The chief; the highest in rank.
PAR'A-MoUR, n. [Fr.] 1. A lover ; a wooer. 2. A mis-
PAR'AN-THINE. See Scapolite.
PAR'A-NYMPH, n. [Gr. irapa and vu//.^/;.] 1. A brideman ;
one who leads the bride to her marriage. 2. One who
countenances and supports another.
PAR'A-PEGM, (par'a-pem) n. [Gr. napa-tjyixa.] A brazen
table fixed to a pillar, on which laws and proclamations
were anciently engraved.
PAR'A-PET, n. [Fr. ; Sp. parapeto.] A wall, rampart or
elevation of earth for covering soldiers from an enemy's
shot.
PAR-A-PHER'NA, ) n. [Gr. napacpspva.] The goods
PAR-A-PHER-Na'LI-A, \ which a wffe brings with her
at her marriage, or which she possesses beyond her dower.
PAR-A-PHER'NAL, a. Pertaining to or consisting in para-
pherna.
PAR-A-PHI-Mo'SI3,n. [Gr. naparptiiipms.] A disease when
the praeputium cannot be drawn over the glands.
PAR'A-PHRASE, n. [Gr. 7rapa<ppa(ng.] An explanation of
some text or passage in a book, in a more clear and ample
manner than is expressed in the words of the author.
PAR'A-PHRASE, v. t. To explain, interpret or translate
with latitude ; to unfold the sense of an author with
more clearness and particularity than it is expressed in
his own words.
PAR'A-PHRASE, v. i. To interpret or explain amply ; to
make a paraphrase. Felton.
PAR'A-PHRaSED, pp. Amply explained or translated.
PAR'A-PHRA-SING, ppr. Explaining or translating amply
and freely.
PAR'A-PHRAST, n. [Gr. Tcapa^paaTrjs.] One that para-
PAR-A-PHRAS'Tie, ) a. Free, clear and ample in ex-
PAR-A-PHRAS'TI-€AL, \ planation ; not verbal or lit-
eral.
PAR-A-PHR AS'TJ-€AL-LY, adv. In a paraphrastic manner.
PAR-A-PHREN'I-TIS, n. [Gr. napa and ^ocvltls.] An in-
flammation of the diaphragm. Arbuthnot.'
PAR'A-PLE-GY, n. [Gr. -Kapa and T:\vyri.] That kind of
palsy which affects the lower part of the body.
PAR-A-aUET', or PAR-A-aUi'TO, n. A little pan-ot. Shak.
PAR'A-SANG, n. A Persian measure of length, which
Herodotus states to be thirty stadia, nearly four English
miles ; but in different times and places, it has been 30,
40 or 50 stadia.
PAR-A-SCEU-AS'TI€, a. Preparatory.
PA-RA-SCeVE', n. [Gr. napaaKevt]. Preparation ; the Sab-
bath -eve of the Jews. Todd.
PAR-A-SE-LeNE', n. [Gr. napa and ariXrjvrj.'l A mock
moon ; a luminous ring or circle encompassing the moon.
PAR'A-SITE, 71. [Fr. parasite ; L. parasita.'] ] . In ancient
Greece, a priest or minister of the gods, whose office was
to gather of the husbandman the corn allotted for public
sacrifices. — 2. In modern usage, a trencher friend ; one
that frequents the tables of the rich, and earns his wel-
come by flattery ; a hanger on ; a fawning flatterer.— 3 ,
In botany, a plant growing on the stem or branch of an-
other plant, and receiving its nourishment from it, as the
misletoe.
PAR-A-SIT'I€. ) a. 1. Flattering ; wheedling ; fawn-
PAR-A-SIT'I-€AL, j ing for bread or favors. 2. Growing
on the stem or branch of another plant.
PAR-A-SIT'I-eAL-LY, adv. In a flattering or wheedling
manner ; by dependence on another.
PAR'A-SIT-ISM, n. The behavior or manners of a para
site. Milton.
PAR'A-SOL, n. [Fr. ; Sp.] A small umbrella used by la-
dies to defend theniselves from rain, or their faces from
the sun's rays.
PAR-A-SY-NEX'IS, n. In the civil law, a conventicle, or
unlawful meeting. Diet.
PAR'AT, n. A fish of the mullet kind, found in Brazil,
PA-RATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. napaQtaii.'] In grammar, appo-
sition, or the placing of two or more nouns in the same
case.
PAR-A-VaIL', a. [Norm. i?ar and availe.l In feudal law,
the tenant paravail is the lowest tenant holding under a
mean or mediate lord.
t PAR'A-VANT, I adv. [Fr. par and avant.] In front ;
t PAR'A-VAUNT, \ publicly. Spenser.
PAR'BOIL, V. t. [Fr. parbouillir^ 1. To boil in part ; to
boil in a moderate degree. 2. To cause little pustules or
pushes on the skin by means of heat.
t PAR'BREaK, V. i. To vomit. Skelton.
PAR'BU€-KLE, n. Among seamen, a rope like a pair of
slings for hoisting casks, &c.
PAR'CEL, n. [Fr. parcelle.] 1. A part ; a portion of any
thing taken separately. 2. A quantity ; any mass. 3. A
part belonging to a whole. 4. A small bundle or package
of goods. 5. A number of persons, in conteTTipt. Shak. 6
A number or quantity, in contempt.
PAR'CEL, «.«. 1. To divide into parts or portions. 2. Tc
make up into a mass ; [I. u.] Shak.— To parcel a seam, in
seamen^s language, to lay canvas over it and daub it witli
pitch. Mar. Vict.
PAR'CELED, pp. Divided into portions.
PAIl'CEL-ING, ppr. Dividing into portions.
PAR'CEL-ING, n. Among seamen, long, narrow slips of
canvas daubed with tar and bound about a rope like a
bandage, before it is sewed.
PAR'CE-NE-RY, n. [Norm, parcenier.] Co-heirship ; the
holding or occupation of lands of inheritance by two or
more persons.
PAR'CEN-ER, 71. [Scot, parsenere ; Norm, parconnier.]
Parcener or co-parcener is a co-heir, or one who holds
lands by descent from an ancestor in common with an-
other or with others ; as when land descends to a man's
daughters, sisters, aunts, cousins, or their representatives.
In this case, all the heirs inherit as parceners or co-heirs.
PARCH, V. t. 1. To burn the surface of a thing ; to scorch.
2. To dry to extremity. Dry den.
PARCH, V. i. 1. To be scorched or superficially burnt
.Mortvmtr. 2. To become very dry.
PARCHED, pp. Scorched; dried to extremity.
PARCH'ED-NESS, n. The state of being scorched or dried
to extremity.
PARCH'ING, yjpj-. 1. Scorching ; drying to extremity. 2.
a. Having the quality of burning or drying.
PARCH'MENT, n. [Fr. parchemin.] The skin of a sheep or
goat dressed or prepared and rendered fit for writing on.
PARCH'MENT-MA-KER, n. One who dresses skins for
parchment.
t PAR'Cl-TY, n. [Fr. parcite ; L. parcitas.] Sparingness.
PARD, n. [L. pardus.] The leopard ; or, in poetry, any
spotted beast. Instead of pard, we generally use leopard,
the lion-pard. Pardale, from the Latin pardalis, is not
used.
PAR'DON, ?;. t. [Fr. par donner.'] 1. To forgive ; to remit ;
as an offense or crime. 2. To remit, as a penalty. 3. To
excuse, as for a fault.— 4. Pardon me is a phrase used
when one asks for excuse, or makes an apology, and it is
often used in this sense, when a person means civilly to
deny or contradict what another affirms.
PAR'DON, 71. 1. Forgiveness ; the release of an offense or
of the obligation of the offender to suffer a penalty, or to
bear the displeasure of the offended party. 2. Remission
of a penalty. 3. Forgiveness received.
PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be pardoned. 2. Ve-
nial ; excusable ; that may be forgiven, overlooked or
passed by.
* See Synopsis. M^^VE, V^QOf^ DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. "■ Obsolete
PAR
PAR
PARODON-A-BLE NESS, n. The quality of being pardon-
able ; venialness ; susceptibility of forgiveness.
PAR'DON-A-BLY, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon ;
venially ; excusably. Dryden.
PXR'DONED, pp. Forgiven ; excused.
PAR DON-ER, 71. 1. One that forgives ; one that absolves
an offender. 2. One that sells the pope's indulgences.
PAR'DON-ING, ppi-. Forgiving ; remitting an offense or
crime ; absolving from punishment.
PARE, V t. [Fr purer.] 1. To cut off, as the superficial
substance or extremities of a thing j to shave off with a
sharp instrument. 2. To diminish by little and little.
PARED, pp. Freed from any thing superfluous on the sur-
face or at the extremities.
PAR'E-GOR-I€, a. [Gr. naprjyopiKog.] Mitigating ; assuag-
ing pain.
PAR-E-G0R'1€, 71. A medicine that mitigates pain j an an-
odyne. Encyc.
PA-REL'€ON, «. [Gr. napsA/fw,] In grammar, the addition
of a word or syllable to the end of another.
PA-REM'BO-LE, n. [Gr. napE^fiokn.'] In rhetoric, the in-
sertion of something relating to the subject in the middle
of a period.
PA-REN'€HY-MA, n. [Gr. irapeyxviJia.] I. In anatomy, the
solid and interior part of the viscera, or the substance con-
tained iu the interstices between the blood vessels of the
viscera ; a spungy substance. — 2. In botany, the pith or
pulp of plants.
PAR-EN -GHYM'A-TOUS, ) a. Pertaining to parenchyma :
PA-REN'€HY-MOUS, \ spungy ; soft ; porous.
PA-REN'E-SIS, 71. [Gr. napuLveaLS.] Persuasion ; exhorta-
tion. [Little used.] Diet.
PAR-E-NET'I€, ^ tt ^ ^ . -„
PAR-E-NET'I-€AL "" Hortatory ; encouragmg. Potter.
PA'RENT, (pair'ent) 71. [L. parens.] 1. A father or mother;
he or she that produces young. 2. That which produces ;
cause ; source.
PARENT-AGE, 71. [Fr.] Extraction; birth j condition
with respect to the rank of parents. Shak.
PA-RENT'AL, a. [It. parentale.] 1. Pertaining to parents.
2. Becoming parents ; tender ; affectionate.
PAR-EN-Ta'TION, 71. [from L. parento.] Something done
or said in honor of the dead. Potter.
PA-REN'THE-SIS, 71. [Gr. TTapsveeai;.] A sentence, or
certain words inserted in a sentence, which interrupt the
sense or natural connection of words, but serve to explain
or qualify the sense of the principal sentence. The pa-
renthesis is usually included in hooks or curved lines,
thus, ( ).
PAR-EN-THET'I€, ; a. 1. Pertaining to a parenthesis ;
PAR-EN-THET'I-€AL, i expressed in a parenthesis. 2.
Using parentheses.
PAR-EN-THET'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a parenthesis. Bryant.
PA-RENT'I-ClDE, n. [L. parens and ccedo.] One who kills
a parent. Bailey.
PA'RENT-LESS, (pair'ent-les) a. Deprived of parents.
PA'RER, (pair'er) n. He or that which pares 3 an instru-
ment for paring. Tusser.
f PAR'ER-GY, 71. [Gr. irapa and epyov.] Something unim-
portant, or done by the by. Broicn.
PaR'GA-SITE, n. A mineral; a variety of actinolite.
PAR'GET, 71. ['S,^. parche.] 1. Gypsum or plaster stone. 2.
Plaster laid un roofs or walls. 3. Paint.
PAR'GET, w. t. 1. To plaster walls. 2. To paint; to cover
with paint. B. Jonson.
tPAR'GET, V. i. To lay paint on the face, B. Jonson.
PAR'GET-ED, pp. Plastered ; stuccoed.
PAR GET ER, n. A plasterer.
PAR'GET-ING, ppr. Plastering; as a momw, plaster or stucco.
PAR-HeL'ION, 71. [Gr. irapa and tjXio?.] A mock sun or
meteor, appearing in the form' of a bright light near the
sun.
Pa'RI-AL, or PAIR'-ROY'AL, n. Three of a sort in certain
games of cards. Bufler.
Pa'RI-AN, a. Pertainmg to Faros, an isle in the Egean sea ;
as, Parian marble. — Parian chronicle, a chronicle of the
city of Athens, engraven on marble in capital letters in
the isle of Pares.
rA-RI'-E-TAL,c. [L,. paries.] 1. Pertaining to or within
the wall; of a building. 2. The parieiaZ bones form the
sides and upper part of the skull. Parr.
rA-Rl'E-TA-RY, 71. [Fr. parietaire.] A plant.
tFAR'I-E-TINE, n. [L.. paries.] A piece of a wall.
PA RING, (pair'ing) ppr. Cutting or shaving off the extrem-
ities.
PA'RING, Cpair'ing) n. 1. That which is pared off; rind
separated from fruit ; a piece clipped off, 2. The act or
practice of cutting off the surface of grass land, for tillage.
PAR'IS, 71. A plant, herb Paris, or true-love.
PAR'ISII, 71. [Fr, paroisse ; It. parrocchia.] 1. The precinct
or territorial jurisdiction of a secular priest, or the pre-
cinct, the inhabitants of which belong to the same church.
— 2. In soTTie of the American states, parish is an ecclesl.
astical society not bounded by territorial limits.
PAR'ISH, a. Belonging to a parish ; having the spiritual
charge of the inhabitants belonging to the same chm'ch
Dryden. 2. Maintained by the parish.
PA-RISH'ION-ER, n. One that belongs to a parish.
PAR-I-SYL-LAB'1€, ) a. [L par and syllaba.] Hav-
PAR-I-SYL-LAB'I-€AL, \ ing equal or like syllables.
PAR'I-TOR, K. [for apparitor.] A beadle ; a summoner of
the courts of civil law. Dryden.
PAR'I-TY, 71. [Fr. pante ; It. paritd.] I. Equality. 2.
Equality ; like state or degree.
PARK, 71. [Sa.x. parruc, pearruc ; Scot, parrok ; W.parc:
Fr. pare ; It. parco ; Sp. parque.] A large piece of ground
inclosed and privileged for wild beasts of chase, in E7ig-
land, by the king's grant or by prescription.
PARK, V. t. To inclose in a park. Shak.
PARK'ER, 71. The keeper of a park.
PARK'LeAVES, 71. A plant of the genus hypericum.
PAR'LANCE, 71. [Norm. ; Fr. parler.] Conversation ; dis-
course ; talk. Woodeson.
I PARLE, (pari) 71. Conversation; talk; oral treaty or dis-
cussion. Shak.
t PARE, V. i. [Fr. parler.] To talk ; to converse ; to discuss
any thing orally.
PAR'LEY, V. i. [Fr. parler ; It. parlare.] To confer with on
some point of mutual concern ; to discuss orally ; hence,
to confer with an enemy ; to treat with by words.
PAR'LEY, 71. Mutual discourse or conversation ; discus-
sion ; but appropriately, a conference with an enemy in
war.
PAR'LIA-MENT, (par'le-ment) 71. [Fr. pari em ent ; Sp.,It.,
Port, parlamento.] 1. In Great Britain, the gi-and assembly
of the three estates, the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and
the commons ; tho general council of the nation constituting
the legislature. — 2. The supreme council of Sweden, con-
sisting of four estates ; the nobility, the clergy, the burgh-
ers and the peasants. — 3. In France, before the revolu-
tion, a council or court consisting of certain noblemen.
:^AR-LIA-]MEN-Ta'RI-AN, or PAR-LI A -MEN-TEER', 71.
One of those who adhered to the parliament in the time of
Charles I.
PAR-LIA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, a. Serving the pariiament in
opposition to king Charles I. Wood.
PAR-LIA-MENT' A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to parliament. 2.
Enacted or done by parliament. 3. According to the rules
and usages of pariiament, or to the rules and customs of
legislative bodies.
PAR'LISH. See Parlous.
PAR'LOR, 11. [Fr. pa7-loir.] Primarily, the aTpartment in a
nunnery where the nuns are permitted to meet and con-
verse with each other ; hence, icith us, the room in a
house which the family usually occupy when they have
no company, as distinguished from a drawing room in-
tended for the reception of company, or from a dining
room, when a distinct apartment is allotted for that pur-
pose. In most houses, the parlor is also the dining room.
t PAR'LOUS, a. [Fr. parler.] Keen; sprightly; waggish.
t PAR'LOUS-NESS, 71. duickness ; keenness of temper.
PAR-MA-CIT'Y, 71. Corruptedly for spermaceti, which see.
PAR-ME-SAN'-CHEESE, n. [Fr. Parmesan.] A delicate
sort of cheese, made in Italy.
t PAR'NEL, 71. [the diminutive of It. petronella.] A punk ,
a slut.
PA-Ro'CHI-AL, a. [L. parochia.] Belonging to a parish.
PA-RO-€HI-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being parochial.
PA-Ro'€HI-AL-LY, adv. In a parish ; by parishes. 1 .
PA-Ro'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to a parish. Bacon.
PA-Ro'€HI-AN, 71. A parishioner. Burghley.
PA-ROD'I€, } a. Copying after the manner of par-
PA-ROD'I-€AL, ^ ody.
PAR'O-DY, 71. [Fr. parodie.] 1. A kind of writing in which
the words of an author or his thoughts are, by some slight
alterations, adapted to a different purpose ; a kind of po-
etical pleasantry, in which verses written on one subject
are altered and applied to another by way of bur'esque.
2. A popular maxim, adage or proverb.
PAR'O-DY, V. t. To alter, as verses or words, and jpply to
a pujpose different from that of the original. Pope
PA-RoL', } n. [W. paryl ; It. parolu ; Fr. parole.] 1.
PA-RoLE', \ Properly, a word ; hence, in a legal sense,
words or oral declaration ; word of mouth. 2. Pleadings
in a_suit.
PA-RoL', ) a. Given by word of mouth ; oral ; not writ-
PA-RoLE', ( ten. Blackstone.
PA-RoLE', n. [See Parol.] 1. Word of mouth.— In mili-
tary affairs, a promise given by a prisoner of war, when
he has leave to depart from custody, that he will return
at the time appointed, unless discharged. 2. A word
given out every day in orders by a commanding officer, in
camp or garrison, by which friends may be distinguished
from enemies.
PAR-O-NO-Ma'SIA, ) 71. [from Gr.7rapavo//£a), to transgress
PAR-O-NOM'A-SY, \ law or rule.] A rhetorical figare.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, O, "?, Zoti^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete.
PAR
591
PAR
by which words nearly alike in sound, but of different
meanings, are affectedly or designedly used ; a play upon
words ; a pun.
PAR-0-NO-MAS'Tie, ) a. Pertaining to paronomasy ;
PAR-0-NO-MAS'TI-€AL, J consisting in a play upon
words.
PAR-0-NY€H'I-A, n. [Gr. naptovv^ia.] In surgery, a
whitlow or felon. Encyc.
PA-RON' Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. Tiapuvviios.] Resembling an-
other word. Watts.
PAR'0-aUET, or PAR'0-KET, n. A small species of par-
rot. [More properly perroquet, which see.]
PA-ROT'ID, a. [Gr. Ttapa and ovg, wra.] Pertaining to or
denoting certain glands below and before the ears, or near
the articulation of the lower jaw.
PA-RO'TIS, n. [Gr. jrapurtf.] 1. The parotid gland ; a se-
creting salivary conglomerate gland below and before the
ear. 2. An inflammation or abscess of the parotid gland.
PAR'OX-YSM, 71. [Gr. napo^vaiios.] An exasperation or
exacerbation of a disease ; a fit oi higher excitement or
violence in a disease that has remissions or intermis-
sions.
PAR-OX- YS'MAL, a. Pertaining to paroxysm.
PAR'RA€K, ) n. [Sax. parr^ic] A croft ; a small field ;
PAR'RO€K, ) what is now corrupted into paddock.
Westvioreland dialect.
PAR REL, n. [Port. aparelJio.] Among seamen, an appara-
tus or frame made of ropes, trucks and ribs, so contrived
as to go round the mast, and being fastened at both ends
to a yard, serves to hoist it.
PAR-RI-Cl DAL, or PAR-RI-CID'I-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining
to parricide ; containing the crime of murdering a parent
or child. 2. Committing parricide.
P.'Ul'RI-CrDE, 71. [Fr. ; L. paricida.] 1. A person who
murders his father or mother. 2. One who murders an
ancestor, or any one to whom he owes reverence. 3. The
murder of a parent or one to whom reverence is due. 4.
One who invades or destroys any to whom he owes par-
ticular reverence, as his country or patron.
PAR'RIED, pp. Warded off 3 driven aside. Johnson.
PAR'ROT, 7i. [Fi. perroquet.] 1. The name of fowls of the
genus psittaciis, of numerous species ; remarkable for the
faculty of making indistinct articulations of words in imi-
tation of the human voice. 2. A fish found among the
Bahama isles.
PAR'RY, V. t. [Ff. j?arer.] 1. In fencing, to ward off; to
stop or to put or turn by. 2. To ward off"; to turn aside ;
to prevent a blow from taking effect. 3. To avoid ; to
shift off.
PAR'RY, v.i. To ward off 3 to put by thrusts or strokes ; to
fence. Locke.
PAR'RY-ING, ppr. Warding off, as a thrust or blow.
PARSE, V. t. [L. pars.] In grammar, to resolve a sen-
tence into its elements, or to show the several parts of
speech composing a sentence, and their relation to each
other by government or agreement.
PAR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Sparing in the use or expenditure
of money; covetous; near; close.
PAR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With a very sparing use of
money ; covetously.
PAR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. A very sparing use of
money, or a disposition to save expense.
PAR'SI-MO-NY, 71. [L. parsimonia.] Closeness or sparing-
ness in the use or expenditure of money.
PARS'LEY, n. [Fr. persil.] A plant.
PARS'NEP, 71. A plant of the genus p(Z5«i72(zca.
PAR'SON, (par'sn) 77. [G. pfarrherr, pfarrer.] 1. The
priest of a parish or ecclesiastical society ; the rector or
incumbent of a parish, who has the parochial charge or
cure of souls. 2. A clergyman ; a man that is in ordere
or has been licensed to preach.
PAR'SON- AGE, 71. 1. In .America, the glebe and house be-
longing to a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropri-
ated to the maintenance of the incumbent or settled pas-
tor of a church. — 2. In England, the benefice of a parish,
or the house appropriated' to the residence of the incum-
bent.
PAR-SON'I-€AL-LY, in Chesterfield, is not an authorized
word.
PART, 7?. \1^. pars, partis; Yx.part.] 1. A portion, piece
or fragment separated from a whole thing. 2. A portion
or quantity of a thing not separated in fact, but considered
or mentioned by itself. 3. A portion of number, separ-
ated or considered by itself. 4. A portion or component
particle. 5. A portion of man. 6. A member. 7. Par-
ticular division ; distinct species or sort belonging to a
wbole. 8. Ingredient in a mingled mass ; a portion in a
compound. 9. That which falls to each in division ;
share. 10. Proportional quantity. 11. Share; concern;
interest. 12. Side ; party ; interest ; faction. 13. Some-
tliing relating or belonging to ; that which concerns ; as,
for your paH. 14. Share of labor, action or influence ;
particular office or business. 15. Character appropriated
in a play. 16. Action; conduct.— 17. In mathematics,
such a portion of any quantity as, when taken a certain
number of times, will exactly make that quantity.— PaT-ts,
in the plural, qualities ; powers ; faculties ; accomplish-
ments. — Parts, applied to place, signifies quarters, re-
gions, districts. — In good part, as well done ; favorably ;
acceptably ; in a fiiendly manner ; not in displeasure. —
In ill part, as ill done ; unfavorably ; with displeasure. —
For the most part, commonly ; oftener than otherwise.
Heylin. — In part, in some degree or extent ; partly. —
Part of speech, in grammar, a sort or class of words of a
particular character.
PART, V. t. [L. partio ; Tr.partir.] 1. To divide, separate
or break ; to sever into two or more pieces. 2. To divide
into shares ; to distribute. Acts ii. 3. To separate or dis-
unite, as things which are near each other. Ruth i. 4.
To keep asunder ; to separate. 5. To separate, as com-
batants. 6. To secern ; to secrete. — 7. In seamen's lan-
guage, to break. 8. To separate metals.
PART, V. i. 1. To be separated, removed or detached. 2
To quit each other. 3. To take or bid farewell. 4. To
have a share. 5. [Fr. partir.] To go away ; to depart
6. To break ; to be torn asunder. — To part with, to quit
to resign ; to lose ; to be separated from.
t PART, adv. Partly ; in some measure. Shak.
PAliT'A-BLE. See Partible.
PART' AGE, n. Division; severance; the act of dividing oj
sharing ; a French word. [Little used.] Locke.
PAR-TAKE', V. i. ; pret. partook ; pp. partaken, [part and
take.] 1. To take a part, port:on or share in common with
others ; to have a share or part ; to participate. 2. To
have something of the property, nature, claim or right.
3. To be admitted ; not to be excluded.
PAR-TAKE', v.t. 1. To have a part in ; to share. 2. To
admitto a part ; {obs.] Hhak.
PAR-TaK'EN, pp. Shared with others ; participated.
PAR-TaK'ER, 71. 1. One who has or takes a part, share or
portion in common with others ; a sharer ; a participator ;
usually followed by of. 2. An accomplice ; an associate.
PAR-TaK'ING, ppr. Sharing with others; participating.
PAR-TaK'ING, 71. An associating ; combination in an evil
design. Hale.
PART'ED, pp. Separated ; divided ; severed. Sidney.
PART'ER, 7j. One that parts or separates.
PAR-TERRE', (par-tair') n. [Fr.] In gardening, a level
division of ground furnished with evergreens and flowers;
sometimes cut into shell and scroll work with alleys.
PAR'TIAL, a. [Fr. ; L. pars.] 1. Biased to one party ; in-
clined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a
question, more than the other; not indifferent. 2. In-
clined to favor without reason. 3. Affecting a part only ;
not general or universal ; not total. 4. More strongly
inclined to one thing than to others ; [colloquial.] — 5. In
lotami, subordinate.
PAR'TIAL-IST, 7t. One who is partial. [Unusual.]
PAR-TIAL'I-TY, (par-shal'e-ty) 77. 1 . Inclination to favor
one party or one side of a question more than the other ;
an undue bias of mind towards one party or side, which
is apt to warp the judgment. 2. A stronger inclination to
one thing than to others.
t PAR'TIAL-lZE, v.t. To render partial. Shak.
PAR'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. With undue bias of mind to one
party of side; with unjust favor or dislike. 2. In part;
not totally.
PART-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of division, partition
or severance ; separability.
PART'I-BLE, a. [\t. partibile.] Divisible; separable; sus-
ceptible of severance or partition.
PAR-TIC'I-PA-BLE, a. That may be participated.
PAR-TIC'I-PANT, a. Sharing; having a share or part;
followed by of. Wotton.
PAR-TIC'I-PANT, 77. A partaker ; one having a share or
part. Bacon.
PAR-TIC'I-PATE, V. i. [L. participo.] 1. To partake ; to
have a share in common with others. 2. To have part of
more things than one.
PAR-TIC'I-PATE, V. t. To partake ; to share ; to receive a
part of. Milton.
PAE-TIC'I-PA-TED, pp. Shared in common with others ;
partaken.
PAR-TIC'I-PA-TING, ppr. Havuig a part or share ; par-
taking.
PAR-TIC-I-Pa'TION, n. 1. The state of sharing in com-
mon with others. 2. The act or state of receiving or
havingpart of something. 3. Distribution; division into
shares.
PAR-TIC'I-PA-TiVE, a. Capable of participating.
PAR-TI-CIP'I-AL, a. [L. participialis.] 1. Having the
nature and use of a participle. 2. Formed from a parti-
ciple.
PAR-TI-CIP'I-AL-LY, adv. In the sense or manner of a
participle.
PAR'TI-CI-PLE, 77. [L. participium.] 1. In gramnar a
word so called because it partakes of the properties ol a
See Synapsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
PAR
592
PAS
noun and of a verb ; as having, making. 2. Any tiling
that participates of difl'erent things ; [obs.]
rAR'TI-€LE, n. [It. particola ; li. particula.] 1. A minute
part or portion of matter. — 2. In physics, a minute part of
a body, an aggregation or collection of which constitutes
the whole body or mass. 3. Any very small portion or
part.— 4 In the Latin church, a crum or little piece of
consecrated bread. — 5. In grammar, a word that is not
varied or inflected.
PAR-TI€'U-LAR, a. [Sp., Port. ; It. particolare ; Fr. par-
ticulier.] 1. Pertaining to a single person or thing ; not
general. 2. Individual; noting or designating a single
thing by way of distinction. 3. Noting some property or
thing peculiar. 4. Attentive to things single or distinct ;
minute. 5. Single; not general. 6. Odd; singular;
having something that eminently distinguishes one from
others. 7. Singularly nice in taste. 8. Special ; more
than ordinary. 9. Containing a part only. 10. Holding
a particular estate.
PAit-TI€'U-LAR, n. 1. A single instance ; a single pomt.
2. A distinct, separate or minute part. 3. An individual ;
a private person. 4. Private interest : [obs.] 5. Private
character; state of an individual; [obs.] 6. A minute
detail of things singly enumerated; [obs.]— In particular,
specially ; peculiarly ; distinctly.
PAR-TI€-U-LAR'I-TY, n. 1. Distinct notice or specifica-
tion of particulars. Sidney. 2. Singleness; individuality;
single act ; single case. 3. Petty account ; minute inci-
dent. 4. Something belonging to single persons. 5.
Something peculiar or singular. 6. Minuteness in detail.
PAR-Tie'U-LAR-iZE, v. t. To mention distinctly or in
particulars; to enumerate or specify in detail.
PAR-TI€'U-LAR-lZE, v. i. To be attentive to single
things.
PAR-TI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. I. Distinctly ; singly. South.
2. In an especial manner. Dryden.
t PAR-Tie'U-LATE, to mention, is not in use.
PART'ING, ppr. 1. Dividing; separating; breaking in
pieces. 2. a. Given at separation. 3. Departing; de-
clining.
PART'ING, n. 1. Division ; separation. EzeJc. xxi.— 2. In
chemistry, an operation by which geld and silver are sep-
arated from each other by different menstruums. — 3. In
seafiien's language, the breaking of a cable by violence.
PAR'TI-SAN, n. [Fr.] 1. An adherent to a party or fac-
tion.— 2. In 2Dar, the commander of a party or detachment
of troops, sent on a special enterprise. 3. A person able
in commanding a party, or dextrous in obtaining intelli-
gence, intercepting convoys, or otherwise annoying an
enemy. 4. A commander's leading staff. 5. [Fr. per-
tuisane.] A kind of halberd.
PAR'TITE, a. [L. partitus.] In botany, divided.
PAR-Tl"TION, n. [L. partitio.] 1. The act of dividing, or
state of being divided. 2 Division ; separation ; distinc-
tion. 3. Separate part. 4. That by which different parts
are separated. 5. Part where separation is made. 6.
Division of an estate into severalty, whicli is done by
deed of partition.
PAR-Ti'l'ION, V. t. 1. To divide into distinct parts. 2.
To divide into shares.
PAR'TI-TlVE, a. In grammar, distributive.
PAR'TI-TiVE-LY, adv. In a partitive manner ; distribu-
tively.
t PART'LET, 71 . 1. A ruff; a band or collar for the neck.
Hall. 2. A hen. Shak.
PARTLY, adz). In part; in some measure or degree ; not
wholly.
PART'NER, n. 1. One who partakes or shares with an-
other ; a partaker ; an associate. 2. An associate in any
business or occupation ; a joint owner of stock or capital,
employed in commerce, manufactures or other business,
3. One who dances with another. 4. A husband or wife.
PART'NER, i>. t. To join; to associate with a partner.
[Little used.] Shak.
PART'NERS, n. In a ship, pieces of plank nailed round the
scuttles in a deck where the masts are placed ; also, the
scuttles themselves.
PART'NER-SHIP, n. 1. The association of two or more
persons for the purpose of undertaking and prosecuting
any business. 2. Joint interest or property.
PAR-TOOK', pret. of partake.
PAR'TRlbCfE, n. [Fr. perdrix.] A wild fowl.
PAR-Tu'RI-ATE, r. i. [L.parturio.] To bring forth young.
\ Little used.]
PAR-TtJ'RI-ENT, a. [L. parturiens.] Bringing forth or
about to bring forth young.
PAR-TU-Rl"TION, n. [L. parturio.] The act of bringing
forth or being delivered of young.
PAR'TY, 11. \Fr. partie.] 1. A number of persons united
in opinion or design, in opposition to others in the com-
munity. It difiers from /acfio?!, in implying a less dis-
honorable association, or more justifiable designs. 2. One
(jf two litigants ; the plaintiff or defendant in a lawsuit.
3. One concerned or interested in an affair. 4. Side ;
persons engaged against each other. 5. Cause ; side. 6.
A select company invited to an intertainment. 7. A
single person distinct from or opposed to another.— 8. In
military affairs, a detachment or small number of troops
sent on a particular duty, as to intercept the enemy's
convoy, to reconnoiter, to seek forage, to flank the ene
my, &c.
PAR'TY-€oL-ORED, a. Having divers colors.
PAR'TY-Ju-RY, 71. A jury consisting of half natives and
half foreigners.
PAR'TY-MAN, n. One of a party ; usually, a factious
man ; a man of violent party principles ; an abettor of a
party.
PAR'TY-SPIR-IT, 71. The spirit that supports a party.
PARTY-WALL, n. A wall that separates one house from
the next. Moxon.
PAR'U, n. A singular American fish.
t PAR'VIS, 71. [Fr.] A church or church porch.
t PAR'VI-TUDE, } T •«!
+ PAR'VI-TY ( ^' Littleness.
fPAS, 7(. [Fx.pas.] Right of going foremost ; precedence.
J^rbuthnot.
t PASCH, n. The passover ; the feast of Easter.
PAS'CHAL, a. [L. pascha.] Pertaining to the passover, or
to Easter,
PAS€H'-EGG, 7!. An egg stained and presented to young
persons, about the time of Easter. [Local.]
PAS€H'-FLOW-ER. See Pasque-Flower.
fPASH, 71. [Sp. fax; L.. fades.] 1. A face. 2. A blow.
t PASH, V. t. To strike ; to strike down. Dryden.
PA-SHAW, 71. [Pers. pashaw.] In the Turkish dominions,
a viceroy, governor or commander; a bashaw. Eaton.
See Bashaw.
PA-SHAWLIC, 71. Thejurisdictionofapashaw.
PA-SIG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ttqs and ypacprj.] A system of
universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be
understood and used by all nations. Good.
PASaUE'-FLOW-ER, (pask'-flow-er) n. A flower; a spe-
cies of anemone. Fam. of Plants.
PAS'QUIL, or PAS'aUIN, n. A mutilated statue at Rome,
in a corner of the palace of Ursini, on which it has been
customary to paste satiric papers. Hence, a lampoon.
PAS'aUIL, PAS'QUIN, or PAS-aUIN-ADE', v. t. To
lampoon; to satirize. Burton.
PAS'QUIL-ER, 71. A lampooner. Burton.
PAS-Q,UIN-aDE', n. A lampoon or satirical writing.
PASS, v.i. [Fr. passer ; It. passare.] 1. To move, in al-
most any manner ; to go ; to proceed from one place to
another. 2. To move from one state to another ; to alter
or change, or to be changed in condition. 3. To vanisli ;
to disappear ; to be lost. 4. To be spent ; to go on or
away progressively. 5. To die ; to depart from life :
[I. u.] 6. To be in any state ; to undergo. 7. To be en-
acted ; to receive the sanction of a legislative house or
body by a majority of votes. 8. To be current ; to gain
reception or to be generally received. 9, To be regarded ;
to be received in opinion or estimation. 10, To occur ;
to be present; to take place, ]J. To be done, 12, To
determine ; to give judgment or sentence. 13. To thrust ;
to make a push in fencing or fighting. Shak. 14. To
omit; to suffer to go unheeded or neglected. 15. To
move through any duct or opening. 16. To percolate ; to
be secreted. 17. To be in a tolerable state. 18. To be
transferred from one owner to another. 19. To go beyond
bounds ; [obs.] 20. To run or extend ; as a line or other
thing.
To come to pass, to happen ; to arrive ; to come ; to be ; to
exist; a phrase much used in the Scriptures. — To pass
away. 1. To move from sight ; to vanish. 2. To be
spent ; to be lost. — To pass by, to move near and beyond.
— To pass on, to proceed. — To pass over, to go or move
from side to side ; to cross. — 2"o pass into, to unite and
blend, as two substances or colors, in such a manner that
it is impossible to tell where one ends and the other ,
begins.
PASS, V. t. 1. To go beyond ; as, the sun has passed the
meridian. 2. To go through or over ; as, to pass a river.
3. To spend ; to live through. 4. To cause to move ; to
send ; as, to pass the bottle from one guest to another. 5.
To cause to move hastily. G. To transfer from one owner
to another; to sell or assign. 7. To strain; to cause to
percolate. 8. To utter ; to pronounce. 9, To procure er
cause to go, 10. To put an end to. 11. To omit ; to neg-
lect either to do or to mention. 12. To transcend ; to
transgress or go beyond. 13. To admit ; to allow ; to ap-
prove and receive as valid or just. , 14. To approve or
sr.doiion by a constitutional or legal majority of votes.
IT). 'I'o enact ; to carry through all the forms necessary to
give validity. 16. To impose fraudulently. 17. To prac-
tice artfully ; to cause to succeed. 18. To surpass ; to ex-
cel ; to exceed. 19. To thrust ; to make a push in fenc-
ing. — To pass away, to spend ; to waste. — To pass by. 1.
To pass near and beyond. 2. To overlook ; to excuse ;
to forgive ; not to censure or punish. 3. To neglect ;
* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, V. Y, lang.—FS.R. FALL. WHAT :— PREY :— PTN. MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete.
PAS
593
PAS
to disregard. — To pass over. 1. To move from side to
side 3 to cross. 2 To omit ; to overlooli or disregard.
t'ASS, n. [W. f&s."] 1. A narrow passage, entrance or
avenue ; a narrow or difficult place of entrance and exit.
2. A passage ; a road. Raleigh. 3. Permission to pass,
to go or to come ; a license to pass j a passport. 4. An
Older for sending vagrants or impotent persons to their
place of abode. — 5. In fencing and fighting, a thrust ; a
push ; attempt to stab or strike. 6. State ; condition or
extreme case ; extremity.
i'S.!SS-PA-RoLE', w. [patisd^xiA parole.'] In military affairs,
a command given at the head of an army mid communi-
cated by word of mouth to the rear.
I'ASS'A-BLE, a. [It. passabile.] 1. That may be passed,
traveled or navigated. 2. That may be penetrated. 3.
Current ; receivable ; that may be or is transferred from
hand to hand. 4. Popular ; well received. 5 Supportable.
PASS'A-BLY, adv. Tolerably. See Passibly
PAS-SaDE', or PAS-Sa'DO, n. A push or thrust.
PAS-SaDE', w. [Fr.] In the me?iaa-e, a turn or course of
a horse backwards or forwards on the same spot of
ground.
PASS'A6E, n. [Fr. passage.] 1. The act of passing or
moving by land or water, or through the air or other sub-
stance. 2. The time of passing from one place to anoth-
er. 3. Road ; way ; avenue ; a place where men or
things may pass or be conveyed. 4. Entrance or exit. 5.
Right of passing 6. Occurrence ; event ; incident ; that
which happens. 7. A passing away ; decay ; [I. u.] 8.
Intellectual admittance ; mental reception. 9. Manner
of being conducted ; management. 10. Part of a book or
writing ; a single clause, place or part of indefinite ex-
tent. 11. Enactment; the act of carrying through all the
regular forms necessary to give validity. — Bird of passage,
a fowl that passes, at certain seasons, from one climate to
another.
PASS'A-OrER, w. [Fr.] A traveler or voyager. This word
is usually written passenger.
t PAS'SANT, a. [Fr. passant.] Cursory ; careless. Barrow.
—En passant, by the way ; slightly ; in haste,
PASSED, or PAST, pp. 1. Gone by ; done ; accomplished ;
ended. 2. Enacted ; having received all the formalities
necessary to constitute a law.
PASS'EN-6ER, n. One who is traveling as in a public
coach, or in a ship, or on foot.
PASS'EN-6ER FAL'CON, n. [See Falcon.] A kind of
migratory hawk."
PASS'ER, n. One that passes ; a passenger. Rowe.
PASS'ER-INE, a. [L. passer.] Pertaining to sparrows,
or to the order of birds to which sparrows belong, the pas-
seres.
PAS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. passibilite.] The quality or ca-
pacity of receiving impressions from external agents ; apt-
ness to feel or suffer.
PAS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. passible.] Susceptible of feeling or of
impressions from external agents.
PAS'SI-BLE-NESS. The same as passibility.
PASS'ING, ppr. 1. Moving ; proceeding. 2. a. Exceed-
ing ; surpassing ; eminent. — 3. Adverbially used to en-
force or enhance the meaning of another word ; exceed-
ingly.
PASS'ING-BELL, n. The bell that rings at the hour of
death to obtain prayers for the passing soul.
t PASS'ING-LY, adv. Exceedingly. Wickliffe.
PASS'ING-NOTE, n. In music, a note introduced between
two others for the purpose of softening a distance or mel-
odizing a passage.
PAS'SIOIS), (pash'un) n. [li.passio.] 1. The impression or ef-
fect of an external agent upon a body ; that which is suffered
or received. 2. Susceptibility of impressions from external
agents. 3. Suffering ; emphatically, the last suffering of
the Savior. 4. The feeling of the mind, or the sensible
effect of impression ; excitement, perturbation or agitation
of mind. 5. Violent agitation or excitement of mind,
particularly such as is occasioned by an offense, injury or
insult ; hence, violent anger. 6. Zeal ; ardor ; vehement
desire. 7. Love. 8. Eager desire.
t PAS'SION, V. i. To be extremely agitated. Shak.
PAS'SION-FLOAV-ER, n. A flower and plant.
p;\S'SION-WEEK, n. The week immediately preceding
tlie festival of Easter ; so called because in that week our
Savior's passion and death took place.
PAS'S [ON-A-RY, n. A book in which are described the
sufferings of saints and martyrs. Warton.
PAS'SION-ATE, a.' [It. passionato.] 1. Easily moved to
auger ; easily excited or agitated by injury or insult. 2.
Highly excited ; vehement J warm. 3. Expressing strong
emotion ; animated.
f I'AS'SION-ATE, V. t. To affect with passion ; to express
passionately. Shak.
PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. 1. With passion , with strong
feeling ; ardently ; vehemently. 2. Angrily ; with vehe-
ment resentment.
PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. 1. State of being subject to pas
sion or anger. 2- Vehemence of mind.
PAS'SIONED, a. 1. Disordered ; violently affected. Spen-
ser. 2. Expressing passion. Spenser.
PAS'SION-LESS, a. 1. Not easily excited to anger; of a
calm temper. 2. Void of passion.
PASS'IVE, a. [It. passive; P'r. passif; L. passivvs.] 1.
Suffering ; not acting, receiving, or capable of receiving,
impressions from external agents. 2. Unresisting ; not
opposing ; receiving or suffering without resistance. —
Passive verb, in grammar, is a verb which expresses j,ay-
sion, or the effect of an action of some agent ; as iji L.
doceor, I am taught.
PASS'IVE-LY, adv. 1. With a passive nature or temper.
2. Without agency. 3. According to the form of the
passive verb.
PASS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Quality of receiving impressions
from external agents or causes. 2. Passibility ; capacity
of suffering. 3. Patience ; calmness ; unresisting suli
mission.
PAS-SIV'I-TY, n. 1. Passiveness, which see ; [I. u.] 2.
The tendency of a body to persevere in a given state
either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body.
PASS'LESS, a. Having no passage. Cowley.
PASS'O-VER, n. [pass and over.] 1, A feast of the Jews,
instituted to commemorate the providential escape of the
Hebrews, in Egypt, when God, smiting the first-born of
the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites,
which were marked with the blood of the paschal lamb
2. The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover.
PASS'PoRT, n. [Fr. jyasseport.] 1. A written license
from a king or other proper authority, granting permission
or safe conduct for one to pass through his territories, or
to pass from one country to another, or to navigate a par-
ticular sea without hinderance or molestation. 2. A li-
cense for importing or exporting contraband goods or mov-
ables without payiiig the usual duties. 3. That whicli
enables one to pass with safety or certainty.
t PAS'SY-MEAS'URE, n. [It. pasamezzo.] An old, stately
kind of dance ; a cmque-pace. '-—
PAST, pp. of pass. 1. Gone by or beyond ; not present ; not
future. 2. Spent ; ended ; accomplished.
PAST, n. Elliptically, past time. Fenton.
FAST, prep. 1. Beyond in time. Heb. x\. 2. Having lost ;
not possessing. 3. Beyond ; out of reach of. 4. Be-
yond ; further than. 5. Above ; more than ; [obs.] 6.
After ; beyond in time.
Paste, n. [Fr. pd,te, tor paste.] 1. A soft composition of
substances, as flour moistened with water or milk and
kneaded, or any kind of earth moistened and formed to
the consistence of dough. 2. An artificial mixture in im-
itation of precious stones or gems, used in the glass trade.
— 3. In mineralogy, the mineral substance in which other
minerals are imbedded.
Paste, v. t. To unite or cement with paste; to fasten
with paste. Watts.
PaSTE'BoARD, 71. A species of thick paper formed of sev-
eral single sheets pasted one upon another, or by macer-
ating paper and casting it in molds, &c.
PAS'TEL, n. 1. A plant, the woad, of the genus isatis. 2
[Sp.] A coloring substance.
PAS'TERN, n. [Fr. p&turon.] 1. The part of a horse's leg
between the joint next the foot and the coronet of the
hoof. 2. The human leg ; in contempt.
PAS'TERN-JOINT, n. The joint in a horse's leg next the
foot.
PAS-TIC'CI-O, 71. [It.] A medley ; an olio.
PAS'TIL, n. [I-. pastillus ; Fr. pastille.] 1. A roll of
paste, or a kind of paste made of different colors ground
with gum-water in order to make crayons. — 2. In phar-
macy, a dry composition of sweet-smelling resins, aro-
matic woods, &c. burnt to clear and scent the air of a room.
PAS'TlME, n. [pass and time.] Sport; amusement ; diver-
sion ; that which amuses and serves to make time pass
agreeably. Watts.
PAS'TlME, V. i. To sport ; to use diversion. [Littleused.]
PAS'TOR, n. [L. from pasco, pastum ,• Fr. paiire.] 1. A
shepherd ; one that has the care of flocks and herds. 2
A minister of the gospel who has the charge of a church
and congregation. Swift.
PAS'TO-RAL, a. [L. pastoralis.] 1. Pertaining to shep-
herds ; as a pastoral life. 2. Descriptive of the life t f
shepherds. 3. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pas-
tor of a church. Hooker.
PAS'TO-RAL, n. A poem describing the life and man-
ners of shepherds, or a poem in imitation of the action
of a shepherd, and in which the speakers take upo)a
themselves the character of shepherds ; an idyl ; a bu
colic.
PAS'TOR- ATE, n. The office, state or jurisdiction of aspii
itual pastor. Tooke.
PAS'TOR-LyJ^' \ ''• Becoming a pastor. MUton.
PAS'TOR-SIIIP, n. The office or rank of pastor. Bull.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE :— BULIi, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
38
PAT
.594
PAT
PaST'RY, 71. 1. Things in general which are made of paste,
or of which paste constitutes a principal ingredient. 2.
The place where pastry is made.
PAST'RY-eOOK, n. One whose occupation is to make and
sell articles' made of paste. Arbuthnot.
PaS'TUR-A-BLE, a. [from. j)aslure.^ Fit for pasture.
PAS'TUR-A6E, n. [Fr. paturage.] 1. The business of
feeding or grazing cattle. 2. Grazing ground ; land ap-
propriated to grazing. 3. Grass for feed.
PAST'URE, n. [Fr. pature, for pasture.] 1. Grass for the
food of cattle ; the food of cattle taken by grazing. 2.
Ground covered with grass appropriated for the food of
cattle. 3. Human culture ; education ; [obs.] — Common
of pasture is the right of feedmg cattle on another's
ground.
PAST'URE, V. t. To feed on giass or to supply grass for
food.
PAST'URE, V. i. To graze J to take food by eatmg grass
from the groimd. Milton.
PaST'Y, a. Like paste ; of the consistence of paste. Cooper.
* PaST'Y, n. [fiom paste.] A pie made of paste and baked
without a dish. Pope.
PAT, a. [G. pass ; D. pas.] Fit j convenient ; exactly suit-
able either as to tiine or place. Swift.
PAT, adv. Fitly ; conveniently. Shak.
PAT, 71. [W. fat.] A light, quick blow or stroke with the
fingers or hand.
PAT, V. t. To strike gently with the fingers or hand ; to
tap.
PA-Ta€A, In. a Spanish coin of the value of about
PAT-A-€OON', ) $ 1,04 cents.
PA-TaCHE', 7). [Sp.] A tender, or small vessel.
PAT-A-VIN'I-TY, 71. The use of local words, or the pecu-
liar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian.
PATCH, n. [It.pezza.] 1. A piece of cloth sewed on a
garment to repair it. 2. A small piece of any thing used
to repair a breach. 3. A small piece of silk used to cover
a defect on the face, or to add a charm. 4. A piece in-
serted in mosaic or variegated work. 5. A small piece
of ground, or a small detached piece. 6. A paltry fellow.
PATCH, V. t. 1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces.
2. To adorn with a patch or with patches. 3. To mend
with pieces ; to repair clumsily. 4. To repair with pieces
fastened on. 5. To make up of pieces and shreds. 6. To
dress in a part} -colored coat. 7. To make suddenly or
hastily ; to make without regard to forms.
PATCHED, pp. Mended with a patch or patches ; mended
clumsily.
PATCH'ER, n. One that patches or botches.
PATCH'ER-Y, n. Bungling work ; botchery ; forgery.
PATCH'ING, ppr. Mending with a piece or pieces ; botch-
ing.
FATCH'WoRK, 71. 1. Work composed of pieces of various
figures sewed together. 2. Work composed of pieces
clumsily put together.
I \TE, n. [qu. Ir. bathas.] 1. The head, or rather the top
of the head. 2. The skin of a calf's head.— 3. In fortifi-
cation, a kind of platform resemblmg what is called a
horse-shoe.
FaT'ED, a. In composition, having a pate.
PA-TEE', ) n In heraldry, a cross small in the centre,
PAT-TEE', \ and widening to the extremities, which are
broad.
PAT-E-F ACTION, 7^. \1^. patefactio .] The act of opening
or manifesting ; open declaration. Pearson.
PA-TEL'LI-FORM, a. [L. patella a.nAform.] Of the form
of a dish or saucer. Barton.
PAT'EL-LITE, n. Fossil remains of the patella, a shell.
t PAT 'EN, or f PAT'IN, ?,. [L. patina.] 1. A plate.— 2.
In the Romish church, the cover of the chalice, used for
holding particles of the host.
*PAT'ENT, a. [Fr., from L. patejis.] 1. Open ; spread ;
expanded. — 2. In botany, spreading ; forming an acute
angle with the stem or branch. 3. Open to the perusal of
all"; as letters patent ; [see Letter.] 4. Appropriated by
letters patent. 5. Apparent ; conspicuous.
*PAT'ENT, n. A writing given by the proper authority
and duly authenticated, granting a privilege to some per-
son or persons.
* PAT'ENT, V. t. 1. To grant by patent. 2. To secure the
exclusive right of a thing to a person.
■♦ PAT'ENT-ED, pp. Granted by patent; secured by patent
or by law as an exclusive privilege.
PAT-EN-TEE', n. One to whom a grant is made or a priv-
ilege secured by patent or by law.
* PAT'ENT-ING, ppr. Granting by patent ; securing as a
privilege.
* PAT'ENT-RoLLS, n. The records or registers of pat-
ents.
PA-TERN' AL, a. [Fr. paternel ; L. patemus.] 1. Pertain-
ing to a father; fatherly. 2. Derived from the father;
Hereditary.
PA-TERN'I-TY, n. [Fr. paternite : It. patermta.] Father-
ship ; the relation of a father. Raleigh.
Pa'TER-NOS-TER, n. [L. our father.] The Lords
prayer,
PATH, n.; pIu.Vaths. [Sax. path, paith.] 1. A way beat-
en or trodden by the feet of man or beast. 2. Any nar-
row way beaten by the foot. 3. The way, course or track
where a body moves in the atmosphere or in space. 4. A
way or passage. 5. Course of life. 6. Precepts ; rules
prescribed. 7. Course of providential dealings ; moral
government.
PATH, jB. t. [Sax. pethtkian.] 1. To make a path bv
treading; to beat a path, as in snow. U. States. 2. In
push forward ; to cause to go ; to make way for. Shak.
PATH, V. i. To walk abroad. SJiak.
PA-THET'1€, or PA-THET'I-€AL, a. [Gr. TradvrcKos.]
Afiecting or moving the passions, particularly pity, sor-
row, grief or other tender emotion.
PA-THaT'I€, ?t. Style or manner adapted to awaken tho
passions, especially tender emotions.
PA-THET'I-€AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to excite
the tender passions.
PA-THET'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of moving tho
tender passions.
PATH'FLY, n. A fly found in foot-paths.
PATH'IC, n. [Gr. ■rraOos.] A catamite ; a male that sub-
mits to the crime aga^inst nature. Gillies.
PATH'LESS, a. Having no beaten way ; untrodden.
PA-THOG-NO-MON'ie, a. [Gr. TTadoyvioixovLKog.] Indi-
cating that wliich is inseparable from a disease, being
found in that and in no other ; hence, indicating that
by which a disease may be certainly known ; character-
istic.
PA-THOG'NO-MY, ?i. [Gr. TTadog and yvw/z;?.] Expression
of the passions ; the science of the signs by which human
passions are indicated.
P A.TpT-O-LOG'IC )
PATH-0-L06'I-€AL, 1 ""■ Pertaining to pathology.
PATH-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of pathol-
ogy.
PA-THOL'0-GIST, n. One who treats of pathology.
PA-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. 7ra0of and Xvyog.] That part of
medicine which explains the nature of diseases, thehr
causes and symptoms.
Pa'THOS, n. [Gr.] Passion ; warmth or vehemence, in a
speaker ; or, in language, that which excites emotions and
passions.
PATH'WAY, n. 1. A path ; usually, a narrow way to be
passed on foot. 2. A way ; a course of life.
t PAT'I-BLE, a. [L, patibilis.] Sufierable ; tolerable ; that
may be endured. Diet.
PA-TIB'U-LA-RY, a. [Yx. patibulaire.] Belonging to the
gallows, or to execution on the cross. Diet.
Pa'TIENCE, (pa'shens) n. [Fr.; IL. patientia.] 1. The suf-
fering of afflictions, pain, toil, calamity, provocation or
other evU, with a calm, umiiffled temper; eijdurance
without murmuring or ftetfulness. 2. A calm temper
which bears evils without murmuring or discontent. 3.
The act or quality of waiting long for justice or expected
good without discontent. 4. Perseverance ; constancy in
labor or exertion. 5. The quality of bearing oflenses and
injuries without anger or revenge. 6. Sufferance; per-
mission ; [obs.] Hooker. 7. A plant, a species of rmnex
or dock.
Pa'TIENT, (pri'shent) a. [Fr.; L. patiens.] 1. Having the
quality of endurhig evils without murmuring or fretful-
ness ; sustaining afflictions of body or mind wdth forti-
tude. 2. N^ot easily provoked ; calm under the sufferance
of injuries or offenses ; not revengeful. 3. Persevering ;
constant in pursuit or exertion ; calmly diligent. 4. Not
hasty ; not over eager or impetuous ; waiting or expecting
with calmness or vithout discontent.
Pa'TIENT, n. 1. A person or thing that receives impres-
sions from external agents ; he or that which is passively
affected. 2. A person diseased or suffering bodily indis-
position. 3. It is sometimes used absolutely for a sick
person.
t Pa'TIENT, ?•. t. To compose one's self. Shak.
Pa'TIENT-LY, adv. 1. With calmness or composure ;
without discontent or murmuring. 2. With calm and
constant diligence. 3. Without agitation, uneasiness or
discontent ; without undue haste or eagerness
PAT'IN. See Paten.
PAT'LY, adv. [from pat.] Fitly ; conveniently.
PAT'NESS, t;. Fitness; suitableness; conveniencs.
Pa'TRI-ARCH, n. [L. patnarcha.] 1, 'J'he father and
ruler of a family ; one who governs by paternal right. 2.
A learned and distinguished character among the Jews. —
3. In the Christian church, a dignitary superior to the or-
der of archbishops.
PA-TRI-AR€H'AL, or PA-TRI-AR€H'I€, a. 1. Belonging
to patriarchs ; possessed by patriarchs. 2. Subject to a
patriarch. — Patriarchal cross, in he7 aldry, is that where
the shaft is twice crossed, the lower arms being longer
than the upper ones. Encyc.
See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, "?, long.— FAB, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete
PAT
595
PAW
r'A'TRI-ARCH-ATE, ; n. The office, dignity or jurisdiction
]'A'TRI-AR€H-SHIP, \ of a patriarch.
I'A'TRI-AReH-Y, n. The jurisdiction of a patriarch ; a pa-
triarchate. Brerewood.
rA-TRl"ClAN, (pa-trish'an) a. [Fr. patricien ; L.patricius.]
fcrenatorial ; noble ; not plebeian. Addison.
PA-TRl"CIAN, n. A nobleman. — In the Roman state, the
patilcians were the descendants of the first Roman sena-
tors.
PAT-RI-M6'NI-AL, a. [Fr.] Pertaining to a patrimony ;
inherited Jrom ancestors.
PAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL-LY, adv. By inheritance. Davenant.
PAT'RI-MO-NY, n. [L. patrimonium ] 1. A right or estate
inherited from one's ancestors. 2. A church estate or
revenue.
* PAT'RI-OT, or Pa'TRI-OT, n. [Fr. patriate.] A person
who loves his country, and zealously supports and defends
It and its interests.
* PAT'RI-OT, or Pa'TRI-OT, a. Patriotic ; devoted to the
welfare of one's country : as, patriot zeal.
* PAT-RI-0T'I€, a. 1. Full of patriotism ; actuated by the
love of one's country. 2. Inspired by the love of one's
country ; directed to the public safety and welfare.
* PAT'Rl-OT-ISM, or Pa'TRI-OT-ISM, n. Love of one's
country ; the passion which aims to serve one's country.
PA-TRIS'TI€, ) a. [L. pater, patres.] Pertaining to
PA-TRIS'TI-€AL, \ the ancient fatliers of the Christian
church. M. Stuart.
t PA-TROC'I-NATE, v. t. To patronize.
t PA-TROC-I-Na'TION, n. Countenance ; support. Hall.
I PAT'RO-CIN-Y, n. Patronage ; support.
PA-TRoL', ) n. [Fr. patrouille.] 1. In tear, a round ; a
PA-TRoLL', \ walking or marching round by a guard in
the night, to watch and observe what passes, and to secure
the peace and safety of a camp or other place. 2. The
guard or persons who go the rounds for observation.
PA-TRoLL', ■?;• i. [Fr. pair ouiller.] To go the rounds in
a camp or gan-ison ; to march about and observe what
PA-TRoLL'ING, ppr. Going the rounds, as a guard.
*PAT'RON, or Pa'TRON, n. [L. patromis.] 1. Among
the Romans, a master who had freed his slave, and re-
tained some rights over him after his emancipation ; also,
a man of distinction under whose protection another
placed himself. 2. One who countenances, supports and
protects either a person or a work. — 3. In the church of
Rome, a guardian or saint, whose name a person bears, or
under whose special care he is placed, and whom he in-
vokes ; or a saint in whose name a church or order is
founded. — 4. In the canon or coimnon laio, one who has
the gift and disposition of a benefice. 5. An advocate ; a
defender ; one that specially countenances and supports,
or lends aid to advance. — 6. In seamen's language, the
commander of a small vessel or passage beat ; also, one
who steers a ship's long boat.
PAT'R0N-A6E, n. ]. Special countenance or support ; fa-
vor or aid aiforded to second the views of a person or to
promote a design. 2. Guardianship, as of a saint. 3. Ad-
vowson ; the right of presentation to a church or ecclesi-
astical benefice.
t PAT'RON-AGE, v. t. To patronize or support. Shak.
* PAT'RO-NAL, a. Doing tlie office of a patron ; protecting ;
supporting; favoring; defending. [Little used.] Brown.
* PAT'RON-ESS, or PA'TRON-ESS, n. 1. A female that
favors, countenances or supports. 2. A female guardion
saint. 3. A female that has the i-ight of presenting to a
church living.
PAT'RON-iZE, V. t. 1. To support ; to countenance ; to de-
fend, as a patron his client. 2. To favor ; to lend aid to
promote, as an undertaking. 3. To maintain ; to defend ;
to support.
PAT'RON-lZED, pp. Defended ; supported ; favored ; pro-
moted.
PAT'RON-lZ-ER, n. One that supports, countenances or
favors.
PAT'RON-lZ-ING,pp-. Defending; supporting; favoring;
promoting.
* PAT'RON-LESS, a. Destitute of a patron. Shaftsbury.
PAT-RO-NYM'I€, n. [G. i:aTpo)vviJLiKos.] A name of men
or women derived from that of their parents or ancestors.
PAT'TEN, w. [Fr. patin.] 1. The base of a column or pil-
lar. 2. A wooden shoe with an iron ring, worn to keep
the shoes from the dirt or mud.
PAT'TEN-Ma-KER, ?(. One that makes pattens.
PAT'TER, V. i To strike, as falling drops of water or hail,
with quick succession of small sounds.
PAT'TIiR-ING, ppr. Striking with a quick succession of
small sounds.
PAT'T ERN, n. [Fr. patron.] 1. An original or model pro-
posed for imitation ; the archetype ; an exemplar ; that
•jvhich is to be copied or imitated. 2. A specimen ; a
sample ; a part showing the figure or quality of the whole.
3. An instance ; an example. 4. Any thing cut or formed
into the shape of something to be made after it.
PATTERN, v.t. 1. To make in imitation of r.ome model ,
to copy. 2. To serve as an example to be followed. — To
pattern after, to imitate ; to follow.
PAT'TY, n. [Fr. pate, paste.] A little pie.
PAT'T Y-PAN, n. A pan to bake a little pie in.
PAT'U-LOUS, a. [L. patulus.] Spreading, as a patulous
calyx ; bearing the flowers loose or dispersed
PAU-CIL'O-aU Y, n. [L. paucus.] The utterance of a few
words. [Little used.]
PAU'CI-TY, n. [L. paucitas.] 1. Fewness ; smallness of
number. 2. Smallness of quantity.
PAUM, V. t. To impose by fraud ; a corruption of palm.
PAUNCE, 71. A pansy. See Pansy.
* PAUNCH, (panch) 71. [Fr. panse ; It., Sp. panza.] The
paunch, in ruminating quadrupeds, is the first and largest
stomach, into vi'hich the food is received before rumination.
* PAUNCH, V. t. To pierce or rip the belly ; to eviscerate ;
to take out the contents of the belly. Shak,
PAUP'ER, 71. [L. pauper.] A poor person; pai-ticularly, one
so indigent as to depend on the parish or town for mainte-
nance. _
PAUFER-ISM, n. The state of being poor or destitute of
the means of support ; the state of indigent persons requir-
ing support from the community.
PAUSE, (pawz) ?«. [L., Sp., It. pausa ; Fr. pause.] 1. A
stop ; a cessation or intermission of action, of speaking,
singing, playing or the like ; a temporary stop or rest. 2.
Cessation proceeding from doubt ; suspense. 3. Break or
paragraph in writing. 4. A temporary cessation in read-
ing. 5. A mark of cessation or intermission of the voice ;
a point.
PAUSE, V. i. 1. To make a short stop ; to cease to speak
for a time ; to intermit speaking or action. 2. To stop ; ta
wait; to forbear for a time. 3. To be intermitted. — To
pause upon, to deliberate. Shak.
PAUS'ER, 71. One who pauses ; one who deliberates.
PAUS'ING, ppr. Stopping for a time ; ceasing to speak or
act ; deliberating.
PAUS'ING-LY, adv. After a pause ; by breaks.
PA- VAN', n. [Sp. pavana.] A grave dance among the
Spaniards. Shak.
PAVE, V. t. [Fr. paver ; L. pavio.] 1. To lay or cover with
stone or brick so as to make a level or convenient surface
for horses, carriages or foot passengers ; to floor with brick
or stone. 2. To prepare a passage ; to facilitate the intro-
duction of.
PaVED, pp. Laid over with stones or bricks ; prepared, as
away.
PaVE'MENT, n. [1j. pavimentuvi .] A floor or covering
consisting of stones or bricks, laid on the earth in such a
manner as to make a hard and convenient passage.
PaVE'MENT, v. t. To pave ; to floor with stone or brick.
[Unusual.] Bp. Hall.
PAVER,
(pave'yer)
71. One who lays stones for a floor,
or whose occupation is to pave.
PAV'IER,
Qav.
PA-VlL'ION, (pa-vil'yun) 71. [Fr. pavilion.] LA tent; a
temporary movable habitation. — 2. In architecttire, a kind
of turret or building, usually insulated and contained un-
der a single roof. — 3. In military affairs, a tent raised on
posts.— 4. In heraldry, a covering in form of a tent, in-
vesting the armories of kings. — 5. Among jewelers, the
under side and corner of brilliants, lying between the gir-
dle and collet.
PA-VIL'ION, v. t. 1. To furnish with tents. Milton. 2. To
shelter with a tent. Pope.
PA-VIL'IONED, pp. Furnished with pavilions ; sheltered
bv a tent.
PAV'ING, ppr. Flooring with stones or bricks.
PAVING, n. Pavement ; a floor of stones or bricks.
PA'VO, n. [L.l A constellation in the southern hemisphere,
consisting of fourteen stars ; also, a fish.
fPA-VoNE', 71. [L. pawo.] A peacock. Spenser.
PAVO-NINE, a. [L. pavoninus.] Resembling the tail of a
peacock ; iridescent. Cleavelond.
PAW, 71. [W.pawen.] 1. The foot of beasts of prey having
'claws. 2. The hand ; in contempt.
PAW, v. i. To draw the fore foot along the ground ; to
scrape with the fore foot. Swift.
PAW, v.t. L To scrape with the fore foot. Tickel. 2. To
handle roughly ; to scratch. 3. To fawn ; to flatter.
Ainsioorth.
PAWED, a. L Having paws. 2. Broad-footed.
PAWK'Y,ff. [Sax. pmcan.] Arch ; cunning. [Local.] Grose.
PAWL, n. [W. paioL] Among seamen, a short bar of wood
or iron fixed close to the capstan or windlass of a ship, to
prevent it from rolling back or giving way.
PAWN, n. [B.pand; G. pfand.] 1. Something given or
deposited as security for the payment of money borrowed ;
a pledge. 2. A pledge for the fulfillment of a promise.
3. A common man at chess; [see Peon.]— /n pawn, at
pawn, the state of being pledged. Shak.
* See Synopds. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
PEA
PEA
PAWN, V. t. ID. panden ; Sp. empenar.] 1. To give or de-
posit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money
borrowed 5 to pledge. 2. To pledge for the fulfillment of
a promise. _
PAWN'-BRoK-ER, n. One who lends money on pledge or
the deposit of goods. Arbuthnot.
PAWNED, pp. Pledged ; given in security.
PAWN-EE', 11. The person to whom a pawn is delivered as
security ; one that takes anv thing in pawn.
PAWN'ER, n. One that pledges any thing as security for
the payment of borrowed money.
PAWN'ING, ppr. Pledging, as goods ; giving as security.
PAX, n. [L.paz.] A little image or piece of board with the
image of Christ upon the cross on it, which people, before
the reformation, used to kiss after the service ; the cere-
mony being considered as ihe kiss of peace. Todd.
PAX'-WAX. See Pack -wax.
PAY, V. t. ; pret. and pp. paid. [Fr. payer.] 1. To dis-
charge a debt 5 to deliver to a creditor the value of the
debt, either in money or goods, to his acceptance or satis-
faction, by which the obligation of the debtor is discharg-
ed. 2. To discharge a duty created by promise or by cus-
tom or by the moral law. 3. To fulfill ; to perform what
is promised. 4. To render what is due to a superior, or
demanded by civility or courtesy. 5. To beat. 6. To re-
ward ; to recompense.
To paij for. 1. To make amends ; to atone by suffering.
2. To give an equivalent for any thing purchased. — To
pay, or pay over, in seamen^s language, to daub or be-
smear the surface of any body, to preserve it from injury
by water or weather. — To pay off, to make compensation
to and discharge. — To pay out, to slacken, extend or cause
to run out. Mar. Diet.
PAY, V. i. To pay off, in seamen^s language, is to fall to lee-
ward, as the head of a ship. Mar. Diet. — To pay on, to
beat with vigor J to redouble blows ; [colloquial.]
PAY, 71. 1. Compensation ; recompense ; an equivalent
given for money due, goods purchased or services per-
formed ; salary or wages for services ; hire. 2. Compen-
sation ; reward.
PAY'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may or ought to be paid. 2.
That can be paid ; that there is power to pay. South.
PAY'-BILL, n. A bill of money to be paid to the soldiers of
a company.
PAYf-DAY, n. The day when payment is to be made or
debts discharged. Locke.
PAY-EE', n. The person to whom money is to be paid.
PAY'ER, n. One that pays.
PAY'MAS-TER, n. I. One who is to pay ; one from whom
wages or reward is received. — 2. In the army, an officer
whose duty is to pay the officers and soldiers their wages,
and who is intrusted Vv'ith money for this purpose.
PAY'MENT, w. 1. The act of paying, or giving compensa-
tion. 2. The thing given in discharge of a debt or fulfill-
ment of a promise. 3. Reward 5 recompense. 4. Chas-
tisement ; sound beating; [obs.]
PAY'NIM. See Painim.
PaY'-OF-FiOE, n. A place or office where payment is
made of public debts.
t PAYiSE, t PAY'SER, for poise, poiser. Spenser.
PeA, (pe) 71. [Sax. pisa ; Fr. pais.] A plant and its fruit, of
the genus pisum, of many varieties. In the plural, we
write peas, for two or more individual seeds, but pease,
for an indefinite number in quantity or bulk.
Peace, %. [Sax., Norm, pais ; Fr. paix ; It. pace ; Sp.,
Port, pai ; L. pax..] 1. In a general sense, a state of quiet
or tranquillity ; freedom fro'm disturbance or agitation ;
applicable to society, to individuals, or to the temper of
the mind. 2. Freedom from war with a foreign nation ;
public quiet. 3. Freedom from internal commotion or
civil war. 4. Freedom from private quarrels, suits or dis-
turbance. 5. Freedom from agitation or disturbance by
the passions, as from fear, terror, anger, anxiety or the
like ; quietness of mhid ; tranquillity ; calmness ; quiet
of conscience. 6. Heavenly rest ; the happiness of heaven.
Is. Ivii. 7. Harmony ; concord ; a state of reconciliation
between parties at variance. 8. Public tranquillity ; that
quiet, order and security which is guarantied by the laws.
— To be at peace, to be reconciled ; to live in harmony. —
To make peace, to reconcile, as parties at variance. — To
hold the peace, to be silent ; to suppress one's thoughts ;
not to speak.
PeACE'A-BLE, a. 1. Free from war, tumult or public com-
motion. 2. Free from private feuds or quarrels. 3. Qui-
et ; undisturbed ; not agitated with passion. 4. Not vio-
lent, bloody or unnatural.
PeACE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being peaceable ;
quietness. 2. Disposition to peace. Hammond.
PeACE'A-BLY, adv. 1. Without war ; without tumult or
commotion ; without private feuds and quarrels. 2. With-
out disturbance ; quietly ; without agitation ; without in-
terruption.
PEACE'BREAK-ER, n. One that violates or disturbs public
peace.
PeACE'FUL, a. 1. auiet ; undisturbed ; not in a state of
war or commotion. 2. Pacific 5 mild ; calm. 3. Remov
ed from noise or tumult ; still ; undisturbed.
PeACE'F]JL-LY, adv. I. Without war or commotion. 2
auietly ; without disturbance. 3 Mildly : gently.
PeACE'FTJL-NESS, n. I. Quiet ; freedom from war, tu-
mult, disturbance or discord. 2. Freedom from mental
perturbation.
PeACE'LESS, a. Without peace ; disturbed. Sandys.
PeACE'Ma-KER, 71. One who makes peace by reconciling
parties that are at variance.
PeACE'-OF-FER-ING, n. An oiFering that procures peace
Among the Jews, an offering or sacrifice to God for atone-
ment and reconciliation for a crime or offense.
PeACE'-OF-FI-CER, n. A civil officer whose duty is to
preserve the public peace.
PeACE'-P ART-ED, a. Dismissed from the world in peace.
Peach, %. [Fr. peche.] A tree and its fruit.
fPEACH, foi impeach, not used. Dryden.
PeACH'-€6L-0R, n. The pale red color of the peach blos-
som.
PeACH'-€6L-ORED, a. Of the color of a peach blossom.
IPeACH'ER, n. An accuser. Fox.
PeA'CHICK, 71. The chicken or young of the peacock.
PeACH'-TREE, n. The tree that produces the peach.
PeA'€0€K, 71. [Pea, in this word, is from L. pavo ; Sax.
pawa.] A large and beautiful fowl of the genus pavo.
Pea 'COCK-FISH, n. A fish of the Indian seas.
PeA'HEN, 71. [G.pfauhenne, ox pfauen ; D.paauwin.] The
hen or female of the peacock.
Peak, n. [Sax peac ; Ir. peac ; Fr. pique.] 1. The top of
a hill or mountain, ending in a point. 2. A point ; the
end of any thing that terminates in a point. 3. The up-
per corner of a sail which is extended by, a gaflTor yard j
also, the extremity of the yard or gaff".
fPEAK, V. i. 1. To look sickly or thin. Shak. 2. To make-
a mean figure ; to sneak. Shak.
Peak, v. t. To raise a gaff" or yard more obliquely to the
jnast. Mar. Diet.
PeAK'ING, a. Mean ; sneaking ; poor. [ Vulgar.]
PeAK'ISH, a. Denoting or belonging to an acuminated sit-
uation. Drayton.
PeAL, n. [L. pello.] A loud sound ; usually, a succession
of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, &lc. .Addison.
PeAL, v. i. To utter loud and solemn sounds.
PeAL, v. t. 1. To assail with noise. 2. To cause to ring or
jound ; to celebrate. 3. To stir or agitate ; [obs.]
PeALED, pp. Assailed with sound ; resounded ; celebrated.
PeAL'ING, ppr. Uttering a loud sound or successive
jounds ; resounding.
Pe'AN, n. [L. paan.] A song of praise or triumph.
Pe'AN-ISM, n. The song or shouts of praise or of battle j
shouts of triumph. Mitford.
PEAR, n. [Sax , Sp., Port., It. pera ; D. peer.] The fruit
of the pyrus communis, of many varieties.
PEAR'-PLANT, n. A plant.
PEARCH. See Perch.
PEARL, (perl) 7;. [Fr. perZe; It., Sp. perla ; Sax. pearl.]
1. A white, hard, smooth, shining body, usually round-
ish, found in a testaceous fish of the oyster kind. 2. Po-
etically, something round and clear, as a drop of water
or dew. 3. A white speck or film growing on the eye,
PEARL, (perl) v. t. To set or adorn with pearls.
PEARL, (perl) v. i. To resemble pearls. Spenser.
PEARL' ASH, (perl'ash) n. An alkali obtained from the ash
es of wood ; refined potash.
PEARLED,_(perld) a. Set or adorned with pearls.
PEARL'-EYED, (perl'Ide) a. Having a speck in the eye.
PEARL'-SIN-TER, n. Fiorite ; a variety of silicious sinter.
PEARL'-SPAR, (perl'-spar) n. Brown spar.
PEARL'-STONE, n. A mineral. Jameson.
PEARL'-WORT, ) a , . ^*i,
PEARL'-GR^SS i "' ^ plant of the genus sagina.
PEARL'Y, (perl'y) a. 1. Containing pearls ; abounding
with pearls. 2. Resembling pearls; clear; pure; trans-
parent.
PEaR'MAIN, 71. A variety of the apple.
PEaR'-TREE, n. The tree that produces pears.
PEAS'ANT, (pez'ant) n. [Fr. paysan; Sp., Fort. paisano J
A countryman ; one whose business is rural labor.
PEAS'ANT, (pez'ant) a. Rustic ; rural. Spenser.
PEAS' ANT-LiKE, ) a. Rude ; clownish ; illiterate ; re-
PEAS'ANT-LY, \ sembling peasants.
PEAS'ANT-RY, (pez'ant-ry) n. 1. Peasants ; rustics ; the
body of country people. 2. Rusticity ; [obs.] Butler.
PeAS'-€OD, ) n. The legume or pericarp of the pea
PeA'-SHELL, \ Walton.
PeA'STONE, 71. A subspecies of limestone.
PeASE, n. Peas collectively, or used as food. See Pea.
Peat, n. [G. pfutze.] A substance resembling turf, used
Peat. '[Fr. petit. See Pet.]
PeAT'-MOSS, n. [peat and moss.] 1. An earthy materia)
used as fuel . 2. A fen producing peat.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obs( etc
PEC
597
PED
PEB'BLE, or PEB'BLE-STONE, n. [Sax. pabob, papol-
stMiia.] In popular usage, a roundish stone of any kind,
from tne size of a nut to that of a man's head. — In a
pJiilosophical sense, minerals distinguished from flints by
their variety of 001015-.'"
PEB'BLE-€RYS-TAL, n. A crystal in foiTO of nodules.
PEB'BLED, a. Abounding with pebbles. Thomson.
PEB'BLY, a. Full of pebbles ; abounding with small round-
ish stones.
PEe'A-RY, or PEe'€A-RY, n. A quadruped of Mexico,
in general appearance resembling a hog.
PE€-eA-BIL'I-TY, n. State of being subject to sin ; capa-
city of sinning. Decay of Piety.
PE€'€A-BLE, a. [L. pecco ] Liable to sin ; subject to trans-
gress the divine law. Priestley.
PE€-€A-DlL'LO, n. [Sp. dim. from pecado ,• L. peccaium ;
Fr. peccadille.] 1. A slight trespass or offense ; a petty
crime or fault. 2. A sort of stiff ruff.
rE€ €AN-CY, 71. 1. Bad quality. 2. Offense.
PEC'CANT, a. [L. peccans ; Fr. peccant.] 1. Sinning ;
guilty of sin or transgression ; criminal. 2. Morbid ; bad j
corrupt ; not healthy. 3. Wrong ; bad ; defective ; in-
formal; as., a peccant citation ; [obs.]
t PEC'CANT, n. An offender. Whitlock.
PE€-€a'VI. [L. I have offended.] A colloquial word used
to express confession or acknowledgment of an offense.
PE€H'BLEND, n. [G. pech and blende.] An ore of urani-
um ; a metallic substance-
PE€K, n. [Arm. pech.] 1. The fourth part of a bushel ; a
dry measure of eight quarts. — 2. In loio language, a great
deal.
PE€K, V. t. [It. beccare ; Sp. p^car.] I. To strike with the
beak ; to thrust the beak into. 2. To strike with a point-
ed instrument, or to delve or dig with any thing pointed,
as with a pick-axe. 3. To pick up food with the beak. 4.
To strike with small and repeated blows ; to strike in a
manner to make small impressions. In this sense, the
verb is generally intransitive.
PE€KED, pp. Struck or penetrated with a beak or pointed
instrument.
PE€K ER, 71. One that pecks; a bird that pecks holes in
trees ; a woodpecker. Dry den.
PEOK'ING, ppr. Striking with the bill ; thrusting the beak
into ; thrusting into with a pointed instrument ; taking up
food with the beak.
t PEO'KLED, for speckled. Walton.
PE€'TI-NAL, a. [L. pecten, a comb ; pecto, to comb, Gr.
rr£«:r£w, from jre/cw-] Pertaining to a comb ; resembling a
comb.
PE€'TI-NAL, n. A fish whose bones resemble the teeth of
a comb. Brown.
PE€'TI-NATE, ) a. [L. pecten.] Having resemblance
PE€'TI-NA-TED, j to the teeth of a comb.
PE€-TI-Na'TION, n. 1. The state of being pectinated. 2.
A combing -, the combing of the head. Cyc.
PE€'TI-NITE, n. [L. pecten.] A fossil pecten or scallop, or
scallop petrified. Kirwan.
PE€'T0-RAL, a. [L. pectoralis.] Pertaining to the breast.
PEO'TO-RAL, 71. 1. A breastplate. 2. A sacerdotal habit or
vestment worn by the Jewish high priest, called, in our
version of the Bible, a breastplate. 3. A medicine adapted
to cure or relieve complaints of the breast and lungs.
PEC'U-LATE, ■?;. 7, ['L.peculatus.] 1. To defraud the pub-
lic of money or goods intrusted to one's care, by appro-
priating the property to one's own use ; to defraud by em-
bezzlement. 2. Among civilians, to steal.
t PE€iU-LATE, 71. Peculation,
PE€-U-La'TI0N, n. The act of defrauding the public by
appropriating to one's own use the money or goods in-
trusted to one's care ; embezzlement of public money or
goods.
rE€'U-LA-TOR, n. [L.] One that defrauds the public by
appropriating to his own use money intrusted to his care.
*PE-€uL'IAR, (pe-kul'yar) a. [L. peculiaris.] 1. Appro-
priate ; belonging to a person, and to him only. 2. Singu-
lar; particular. 3. -Particular ; special. 4. Belonging to
a natio;i. system or other thing, and not to others.
* PE-€uL'IAR, (pe-kul'yar) 7i. 1. Exclusive property ;
that which belongs to a person in exclusion of others. — 2.
In the canon law, a particular parish or church which has
the probate of wills within itself, exempt frpm the juris-
diction of the ordinary or bishop's court.
PE-€uL-lAR'I-TY, (pe-kul-yar'e-te) n. Something pecul-
iar to a person or thing ; that which belongs to or is found
in one person or thing and i-n no other.
* PE-€uL'IAR-lZE, V. t. To appropriate ; to make pe-
culiar.
* PE-€UL'IAR-LY, adv. 1. Particularly ; singly. Wood-
ward. 2. In a manner not common to others. Drayton.
PE-€uL'IAR-NESS, n. The state of being peculiar ; ap-
propriation. [Little used.] Mede.
* PE-€uN'IA-RY, (pe-kiin'ya-ry) a. [Fr. pecxtniairc ; L.
pecuniarius.] 1. Relating to money. 2. Consisting of
money.
t PE-€U'NI-0US, a. Full of money. Sherwood.
PED, 71. [for pad.] 1. A smaU pack-saddle. Tusscr. 2 A
basket ; a hamper. Spenser.
PED-A-GOG'I€, I a. Suiting or belonging to a teacher
PED-A-GOG'I-eAL, ) of children or to a pedagogue.
PED'A-GO-GISM, 71. The business, character or manners
of a pedagogue.
PED'A-GOGUE, (ped'a-gog) n. [Gr. Trat^aywyoj.] l. A
teacher of children ; one whose occupation is to instruct
young children ; a schoolmaster. 2. A pedant.
PED'A-GOGUE, v. t. To teach with the air of a peda-
gogue ; to instruct superciliously. Prior.
PED'A-GO-GY, n. Instruction in the first rudiments , pre-
paratory discipline. Soiith.
Pe'DAL, a. [L.pedalis.] Pertaining to a foot.
*PED'AL, 71. 1. One of the large pipes of an organ, so called
because played and stopped with the foot. 2. A fixed or
stationary base.
PED'AL-NOTE, n. In music, a holding-note. B^lsby.
PE-Da'NE-OUS, a. [L.pedaneus.] Going on foot ; walking.
PED'ANT, 71. [Fr. pedant.] 1. A schoolmaster. 2. A
person who makes a vain display of his learning.
PE-DANT'l€, I a. Ostentatious of learning ; vainly
PE-DANT'I-€AL, ] displaymg or making a show ot
knowledge.
PE-DANT'1-€AL-LY, ) adv. With a vain or boastful dis-
PE-DANT'ie-LY, \ play of learning.
PED'ANT-iZE, V. i. To play the pedant ; to domineer
over lads ; to use pedantic expressions. Cotgrave.
PED'ANT-RY, n. [Fr. pedanterie.] Vain ostentation of
learning; a boastful display of knowledge.
PE-Da'R1-AN, n. A Roman senator, who gave his vote by
the feet, that is, by walking over to the side he espoused
PED'ATE, a. [L. pedatus.] In botany, divided like the
toes.
PED'A-TI-FID, a. [L. pes axiAjindn.] A pedatifid leaf, in
botany, is one whose parts are not entirely separate, but
connected like the toes of a water-fowl.
PED'DLE, V. i. 1. To be busy about trifles. 2. To travel
about the country and retail goods.
PED'DLE, V. t. To sell or retail, usually by traveling about
the country.
PED'DLING, ppr. 1. Traveling about and selling small
wares. 2. a. Trifling; unimportant.
PED'E-RAST, n. [Gr. naiSepaaTtis-] A sodomite.
PED-E-RAST'I€, a. Pertaining to pederasty.
PED'E-RAST-Y, n. Sodomy ; the crime against nature.
PED-E-Re'RO, 7j. [Sp. pedrero.] A swivel gun; some-
times written patercro.
PED'ES-TAL, 7t. [Sp. pedestal.] In architecture, the lowest
part of a column or pillar. Addison.
PE-DES'TRI-AL, a. [L. pedestris.] Pertaining to the foot.
PE-DES'TRI-AN, a. [L. ptdestris.] Going on foot ; walk-
ing ; made on foot.
PE-DES'TRI-AN, n. 1. One that walks or journeys on
foot. 2. One that walks for a wager ; a remarkable
walker.
PE-DES'TRI-OUS, a. Going on foot ; not winged. Brown.
PED'I-CEL, ) 7t. [L. pedic7f/7fo".] In botany, the ultimate
PEC'I-€LE, \ division of a common peduncle.
PED'I-CEL-LATE, a. Having a pedicle, or supported by a
pedicle.
PE-DI€'U-LAR, ) a. [L. pedicularis.] Lousy ; having the
PE-DI€'U-LOUS, \ lousy distemper.
PED'I-GREE, 71. [probably from L. pes, pedis.] 1. Line-
age ; line of ancestors from which a person "or tribe de-
scends ; genealogy. 2. An account or register of a line
of ancestors.
PED'I-LU-VY, n. [L. pes and lavo.] The bathing of the
feet ; a bath for the feet.
PED'I-MENT, n. [from L. pes.] In architecture, an orna-
ment that crowns the ordonances, finishes the fronts of
buildings, and serves as a decoration over gates, windows
and niches.
PED'LER, n. [from peddle.] A traveling foot-trader; one
that carries about small commodities on his back or in a
cart or wagon, and sells them. Swift.
PED'LER-ESS, n. A female pedler. Overbury.
PED'LER-Y, n. Small wares sold or carried about for sal3
by pedlers.
t PED'LER-Y, a. Sold by pedlers. Bale.
*PE-DO-BAP'TISM, n. [Gr. naig, or TzaiSos, and jSaTrrto-jua.]
The baptism of infants or of children.
*PE-DO-BAP'TIST, 71. One that holds to infant baptism,
one that practices the baptism of children.
PE-DOM'E-TER, n. [L. pes, and Gr. perpov.] An instru-
ment by which paces are numbered as a person walks,
and the distance from place to place ascertained.
PED-0-MET'RI-eAL, a. Pertaining to a pedometer.
PE-DUN'€LE, 71. [L. pes.] In botany, the stem or stalk
that supports the fructification of a plant.
PE-DUN'€U-LAR, a. Pertaining to a peduncle. Martyn.
• See Synojjsis. MOVE BQQK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K j 6 as J j S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete
PEL
598
PEN
PE-D[JN'€U-LATE, a. Growing on a peduncle.
f PEE, V. i. To loak with one eye. Ray.
\ PEED, a. Blind of one eye. Ray.
PEEK, in our popular dialect, is the same as peep, to look
through a crevice.
PEEL, V. t. [Fr. pelgr, piller ; Sp. pelar, pillar.] 1. To
strip off skin, bark or rind without a cutting instrument ;
to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin ; to bark ; to
flay 3 to decorticate. — 2. In a general sense, to remove the
skin, bark or rind, even with an irnstrument. 3. To
strip ; to plunder ; to pillage.
PEEL, n. [L. pellis ; Fr. peau.] The skin or rind.
PEEL, 71. [Fr. pelle.] A kind of wooden shovel used by
bakers, with a broad palm and long handle ; hence, in
popular use in Ainerica, any large fire-shovel.
PEELED, 2>p, Stripped of skin, bark or rind; plundered;
pillaged.
PEEL'ER, n. 1. One that peels, strips or flays. 2. A plun-
derer ; a pillager.
PEELING, ppr. Stripping off skin or bark ; plundering.
PEEP, v.i. [Jr. piobarn; D. picpen.] 1. To begin to ap-
pear ; to make the first appearance ; to issue or come
forth from concealment. 2. To look through a crevice ;
to look narrowly, closely or slily. 3. To cry, as chick-
ens ; to utter a fine shrill sound, as through a crevice.
PEEP, 71. 1. First appearance. 2. A sly look, or a look
through a crevice. 3. The cry of a chicken.
PEEP'ER, n. ]. A chicken just breaking the shell. Bram-
ston. — 2. In familiar language, the eye.
PEEP'-HOLE, ; n. A hole or crevice through which
PEEP'ING-HOLE, \ one may peep.
PEER, n. [Fr. pair; L. par.] 1. An equal; one of the
same rank. 2. An equal in excellence or endowments.
3. A companion ; a fellow ; an associate. 4. A noble-
man.
PEER, ?j. i. [L.pareo.] 1. To come just in sight; to ap-
pear ; a poetic word. Shak. 2. To look narrowly ; to
peep,
t PEER, V. t. To make equal ; to make of the same rank.
PEER AGE, n. 1. The rank or dignity of a peer or noble-
man. Blackstone. 2. The body of peers. Dryden.
t PEER'DOM, 71. Peerage.
PEER'ESS, 71. The consort of a peer ; a noL.}e lady.
PEER'LESS, a. Unequaled ; having no peer or equal.
PEER'LESS-LY, adv. Without an equal.
PEER'LESS-NESS, n. The state of having no equal.
PEEVISH, a. [Scot, pew, to complain.] 1. Fretful; petu-
lant ; apt to mutter and complain ; easily vexed or fret-
ted ; querulous ; hard to please. 2. Expressing discoUvOnt
and fretfulness. 3. Silly ; childish.
PEEV'ISH-LY, adv. Fretfully ; petulantly ; with discon-
tent and murmuring. Hayioard.
PEEV'ISH-NESS, n. Fretfulness ; petulance ; disposition
to murmur ; sourness of temper. Swift.
PEFF, V. i. To cough siiort and faintiy, as sheep. Grose.
PEG, 71. [L.pango,pactus.'] 1. A small pointed piece of
wood used in fastening boards or other work of wood. 2.
The pins of an instrument on which the strings are
strained. 3. A nickname for Margaret. — To take a peg
lower, to depress ; to lower. Hudibras.
PEG, V. t. To fasten with pegs. Evelyn.
PEG'GER, n. One that fastens with pegs. Sherwood.
PEGM, (pem) n. [Gr. -mryna.] A sort of moving machine in
the eld pageants. B. jonson.
PEG'MA-TITE, n. Primitive granitic rock.
PEl-RAS'TI€, a. [Gr. TTEipaariKos.] 1. Attempting ; mak-
ing trial. 2. Treating of or representing trials or at-
tempts.
PEISE. See Poise.
PEK'AN, 71. A species of weasel. Pennant.
PEL'AGE, n. [Fr.] The vesture or covering of wild beasts,
consisting of hair, fur or wool.
PE-La'GI-AN, ) a. [L. pelagus.] Pertaining to the sea.
PEL'A-GI€, \ Journ. of Science.
PE-La'GI-AN, 71. [from PeZa^ms.] A follower of Pelagius.
Bp. Hall.
PE-La'GI-AN, a. Pertaining to Pelagius and his doctrines.
PE-La'GI-AN-ISM, 71. The doctrines of Pelagius. South.
PELF, 71. [probably allied to ;>ii;/er.] Money ; riches.
■•PEL'FRY, or PEL'FRAY, formerly used for pelf.
PEL'I-€AN, 71. [Low L. pelicar.us .] I. A fowl of the ge-
nus pelicanus. 2. A chemical glass vessel or alembic
with a tubulated capital.
Pe'LI-OM. 7!. , [Gr. TTtAiu/ia.] A mineral.
PE-LiSSE', (pe-lees') 77. [Fr.] OnVinaZZ?/, a furred robe or
coat. But the name is now given to a silk coat or habit
worn by ladies.
PELL, 71. [L. pellis ; It. pelle.] A skin or hide.— Clerk of
the pells, in England, an officer of the exchequer, who en-
ters every teller's bill on the parchment rolls, the roll of
receipts and the roll of disbursements.
PEL'LET, 71. [Fr. pelute.] 1. A little ball. Bacon. 2. A
bullet ; a ball for fire-arms ; [obs.] Bacon.
t PEL'LET, V. t. To form into little balls. Shak.
PEL'LET-ED, a. Consisting of bullets. Shak.
PEL'LI-€LE, n. [L. pellicula.] 1. A thin skin or film. 2
Among chemists, a thin, saline crust formed on the sur
face of a solution of salt evaporated to a certain degree.
PEL'LI-TO-RY, n. [Sp. pelitre.] The name of severa.
plants of different genera.
PELL'-MELLjflrfT;. With confused violence. Shak.
PELLS, 77. [L. pellis.] Pells, or clerk of the pells, an officer
belonging to the exchequer, who enters every teller's bill
into a parchment roll called pellis acceptorum, the roll of re-
ceipts ; and also makes another roll caMed pellis ezituum, a
roll of disbursements.
PEL-Lu'CID, a. [Ij. pcllucidus.] Perfectly clear; transpa-
rent ; not opake. Woodward.
PEL-LU-CID'I-TY, ; n. Perfect clearness ; transparency
PEL-LU'CID-NESS, \ Locke.
PELT, 71. [G. pell ; L. pellis.] 1. The skin of a beast with
the hair on it ; a raw hide. 2. The quarry of a hawk all
torn. 3. A blow or stroke from something thHJwn.
PELT, t;. f. [Fr. peloier, from pelote.] 1. Properly, to strike
with something thrown, driven or falling. 2. To drive
by throwing something. JltterbiLry.
PELT'ATE, ) a. [Ij. pelta.] In botany, having the shapft
PELT'A-TED, \ of a target or round shield.
PELTATE-LY, adv. In the form of a target. Eaton.
PELT'ED, pp. Struck with something thrown or driven.
PELT'ER, n. One that pelts ; also, a pinch-penny ; a mean
sordid person. Huloet.
PELT'ING, ppr. Striking with something thrown or driven.
PELT'ING,7t. An assault with any thing thrown. Shak.
PELT'ING, a. In Shakspeare, mean ; paltry. [Improper.]
PELT'-M6N-GER, n. A dealer in pelts or raw hides,
PEL'TRY, n. The skins of animals producing fur ; skins
with the fur on them ; furs in general. Smollett.
PEL-VIM'E-TER, 77. {"L. pelvis, and Gr. jutrpov.] An in-
strument to measure the dimensions of the female pelvis.
PEL'VIS, 71. [L. pelvis.] The cavity of the body formed
by the os sacrum, as coccyx, and ossa innominata, forming
tlie lower part of the abdomen.
PEN, n. [L. penna ; Sax. pinn ; B. pen.] 1. An instrument
used for writing, usually made of the quill of some lai-ge
fowl, but it may be of any other material. 2. A feather ;
a wing ; [obs.] Spenser.
PEN, V. t. ; pr^t. and pp. penned. To write ; to compose and
commit to paper. Addison.
PEN, 77. [Sax. pinan.] A small inclosure for beasts, as for
cows or sheep.
PEN, V. t. ; pret. and pp. penned, or pent. To shut in a pen ;
to co'ifine in a small mclosure ; to coop ; to confine in a
jiarrow place. Milton.
Pe'NAL, a. [Fr., Sp. ; It. penale.] 1. Enacting punish-
ment ; denouncing the punishment of offenses. 2. In-
flicting punishment. 3. Incurring punishment ; subject
to a penalty.
jPE-NAL'T-TY, 77. Liableness or condemnation to punish-
ment. Broicn.
PEN'AL-TY, 77. [It. penalitd.] 1. The suffering in person
or property which is aimexed by law or judicial decision
to the commission of a crime, offense or trespass, as a
punishment. 2. The suffering to which a person subjects
himself by covenant or agreement, in case of non-fulfill-
ment of his stipulations ; the forfeiture or sum to be for-
feited for non-payment, or for non-compliance with an
agi-eement.
PEN'ANCE, a. [Sp. penante.] I. The suffering, labor or
pain to which a person voluntarily subjects himself, or
which is imposed oii him by authority as a punishment
for his faults, or as an expression of penitence. 2. Re-
pentance.
PENCE, (pens) n. The plural of penny, when used of a
sum of money or value,
PEN'CIL, 71. [Fr. pinceau ; Sp. pincel] 1, A small brush
used L>y painters for laying oh colors. 2, A pen formed
of carburet of iron or plumbago, black lead or red chalk,
with a point at one end, used for v/riting and drawing.
3. Any instrument of writing without ink. 4. An aggre-
gate or collection of rays of light.
PEN'CIL, 75. t. To paint or draw ; to write or mark with a
pencil. Shak.
PEN'CILED, pp. 1. Painted, drawn or marked with a pen-
cil. 2. Radiated ; having pencils of rays.
PEN'CIL-ING, ppr. Painting, drawing or marking with a
pencil.
PEN'CIL-SHaPED, a. Having the shape of a pencil.
PEND'ANT, 71. [Fr. ; Tu. pendeo.] 1. An ornament or jew-
el hanging at the ear, usually composed of pearl or some
precious stone. 2. Any thing hanging by way of orna-
ment. — 3. In heraldry, a part hanging from the label, re-
sembling the drops in the Doric frieze. 4. A streamer ; a
small flag, or long, narrow banner, displayed from a ship's
mast head, usually terminating in two points called the
swallow'' s tail. 5. A short piece of rope fixed on each
side under the shrouds, on the heads of the main and fore
* See S"nopsis. a, E, I, O, t!, I?, long.- FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BiRD ;
t Obsolete.
PEN
599
PEN
Miasts, having an iron thimble to receive the hooks of the
tackle. 6. A pendulum ; [obs.]
i'END'ENCE, M. [L. pendens.] iSlope ; inclination.
TEND'EN-CY, n. [L. pendens.] Suspense : the state of
being undecided.
I'EiVD'EJMT, a. [h. pendens.] 1. Hanging ; fastened at one
end, the other being loose. 2. Jutting over ; projecting,
b. Supported above the ground .
PEND'IiYG, a. [L. pendeo.] Depending ; remaining unde-
cided ; not terminated.
t PEN'DULB, n. A pendulum. Evelyn.
PEND-U-LOS'I-TY, ) n. The state of hanging : suspen-
PEND'U-LOUS-NESS, \ sion.
rEND'U-LOUS, a. [L. pendulus.] Hanging ; sw^inging ;
fastened at one end, the other being movable.
PEND'(J-LUM, n. [L. pendulus, pendulum.] A vibrating
bodv suspended from a fixed point,
PEN-E-1"RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of being penetrat-
ed, or of being entered or passed through by another body.
PEN'E-TllA-BLE, a. [F. ; h. penetrabilis.] 1. That maybe
penetrated, entered or pierced by another body. 2. Sus-
ceptible of moral or intellectual impression,
f- PEiVE-TRAIL, n. [L. penetralia.] Interior parts.
PEN'E-TRAN-CYj n. [L. penetrans.] Power of entering or
piercing. Ray.
PEN'E-TilANT, a. \li, penetrans.] Having the power to
enter or pierce j sharp ; subtil. Boyle.
PEN'E-TRATE, v. t. [L. penetro.] 1. To enter or pierce ;
to make way into another body. 2. To affect the mind ;
to cause to feel. 3. To reach by the intellect ; to under-
stand. 4. To enter ; to pass into the interior.
PEN'E-TRATE, v. i. 1. To pass ; to make way. 2. To
make way intellectually.
PEN'E-TRA-TED, pp. Entered j pierced 5 understood 5
fathomed.
PEN'E-TRA-TING, ppr. 1. Entering ; piercing ; under-
standing. 2. a. Having the power of entering or piercing
another body ; sharp ; subtil. 3. Acute ; discerning ;
quick to understand.
PEN-E-TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of entering a body. 2,
Mental entrance into any thing abstruse. 3. Acuteness ;
sagacity.
PEx^'E-TRA-TlVE, tt. 1. Piercing; sharp; subtil. Wotton.
2. Acute ; sagacious ; discerning. Swift. 3. Having the
power to affect or impress the mind. Shalt.
PEN'E-TRA-TlVE-NESS, n. The quality of being pene-
trative.
PEN'FISH, n. A kind of eelpout with a smooth skin.
PENGUIN, n. 1. A genus of fowls. 2. A species of fruit.
JVmier.
PEN'I-CIL, n. [L.pemcillus.] 1. Among 2)7t?/sicians, a tent
or pledget for wounds or ulcers. 2. A species of shell.
PEN-IN'SU-LA, n. [L. pene and insula ; It. penesolo.] 1. A
portion of land, connected with a continent by a narrow
neck or isthmus, but nearly surrounded with water. 2.
A large extent of country joining the main land by a part
narrower than the tract itself.
PEN-IN'SU-LAR, a. In the form or state of a peninsula;
pertaining to a peninsula.
PEN-IN'SU-LATE,-?;. t. To encompass almost with water ;
to form a peninsula. Bentlei/s Hist. Coll.
PEN-IN'SU-LA-TED, pp. Almost surrbunded with water.
PEN-IN'SU-LA-TING, ppr. Nearly surrounding with wa-
ter.
PEN'I-TENCE, ) n. [Fr. penitence ; L. pmnitentia.] Se-
PEN'I-TEN-CY, \ pentance ; pain ; sorrow or grief of
heart for sins or offenses ; contrition.
PEN'I-TENT, a. [Fr. ; L. pcenitens.] Suffering pain or
sorrow of heart on account of sins, crimes or offenses ;
contrite.
PEN'I-TENT, w. 1. One that repents of sin ; one sorrowful
on account of his transgressions. 2. One under church
censure, but admitted to penance. 3. One under the di-
rection of a confessor. — Penitents is an appellation given
to certain fraternities in Catholic countries.
PEN-I-TEN'TIAL, a. [Fr. penitential.] Proceeding from
or expressing penitence or contrition of heart.
PEN-I-TEN'TIAL, n. Among the Romanists, a book con-
taining the rules which relate to penance and the reconcil-
iation of penitents.
PEN-I-TEN'TIA-RY, a. Relating to penance, or to the
rules and measures of penance. Bramliall.
PEN-I-TEN'TIA-RY, n. 1. One that prescribes the rules
and measures of penance. 2. A penitent ; one that does
penance. Hammond. — 3. At the court of Rome, an office
in which are examined and delivered out the secret bulls,
graces or dispensations relating to cases of conscience,
confession, &c. Encyc. 4. An officer in some cathedrals,
vested with powar from the bishop to absolve in cases re-
served to him. 5. A house of correction in which offend-
ers are confined for punishment and reformation, and
compelled to labor ; a workhouse.
PExN"'I-TENT-LY, adv. With penitence ; with repentance,
sorrow or contrition for sin.
PEN'KNiFE, n. [See Pen and Knife.] A small knife used
for making and mending pens.
PEN'MAN, n. ; plu. Penmen. 1. A man that professes or
teaches the art of writing. 2. One that writes a good
hand. 3. An author ; a writer.
PEN'MAN-SHIP, n. 1. The use of the pen in writing ; the
art of writing. 2. Manner of writing.
PEN'NACHED, a. [Fr. pennache.] Radiated ; diversified
with natural stripes of various colors ; as a flower. \L. u.~[
PEiV'NANT, or PEN'NON, H. [¥x. fanion, pennon ; \i. p tin-
none j Sp. pendon.] 1. A small flag ; a banner ; [see Pen-
dant,] 2. A tack-le for hoisting things on board a ship.
PEN'NATE, la. [L. pennatus.] 1. Winged.— 2. In bot-
PEN'NA-TED, ) any, a pennate leaf is a com.pound leaf
in which a simple petiole has several leaflets attached to
each side of it.
PENNED, pi>. Written.
PENNED, a. Winged ; having plumes. Huloet.
PEN'NER, n. 1, A writer. 2. A pen-case ; [local.]
PEN'NI-FORM, a. [h.penna and form.] Having the form
of a quill or feather. Encyc.
PEN'NI-LESS, a. Moneyless ; destitute of money ; poor.
t PEN'NING, n. Written work ; composition. Skak.
PEN'NING, ppr. Committing to writing,
PEN''NON. See Pennant.
PEN'NY, n. ; plu. Pennies, or Pence. Pennies denotes tli
number of coins ; pence the amount of pennies in value
[Sax.penig; D., ^w. penning.] 1. An ancient English
silver coin ; but now an imaginary money of account,
twelve of which are equal to a shilling.— 2. In ancient
English statutes, any or all silver money. — 3. Proverbially,
a small sum. 4. Money in general.
PEN'NY-PoST, n. One that carries letters from the post
office and delivers them to the proper persons.
PEN-NY-ROY'AL, ?i. A plant of the genus mewt/ta.
PEN'NY- WEIGHT, n. A troy weight containing twenty -
four grains.
PEN'NY-WiSE, a. Saving small sums at the hazard of
larger; niggardly on improper occasions.
* PEN'N Y-W6RTH, /(. As much as is bought for a penny.
2. Any purchase ; any thing bought or sold for money ; thai
which is wortli the money given. 3. A good bargain ;
something advantageously purchased, or for less than it is
worth. 4. A small quantity,
PEN'SlLE, a. [lu. pens His.] 1, Hanging ; suspended. 2
Supported above the ground.
PEN'SlLE-NESS, n. The state of hanging. Bacon.
PEN'S [ON, n. [Fr., ^p. ; It. pensione.] 1. An annual
allowance of a sum of money to a person by government
in consideration of past services, 2. An annual payment
by an individual to an old or disabled servant. — 3. In
Great Britain, an annual allowance made by goverinnent
to indigent widows of officers killed or dying iii public ser-
vice. 4. Payment of money ; rent. 5. A yearly payment
in the inns of court. Eng. 6, A certain sum of money
paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes. Cyc. 7. An allow-
ance or annual payment, considered in the light of a bribe.
PEN'SION, V. t. To grant a pension to ; to grant an annual
allowance from the public treasury to a person for past
services, or on account of disability incurred in public
service, or of old age.
PEN'SION- A-RY, a. 1. Maintained by a pension ; receiving
a pension. 2. Consisting in a pension.
PEN'SION-A-RY, n. A person who receives a pension
from government for past services. 2. The first minister
of the states of the province of Holland ; also, the first
minister of the regency of a city in Holland. Encyc.
PEN'SIONED, pp. Having a pension.
PEN'SION-ER, n. 1. One to whom an annual sum of money
is paid by government in consideration of past services. 2.
One who receives an annual allowance for services. 3.
A dependent. — 4. In the university of Cambridge, Eng.
and in that of Dublin, an undergraduate or bachelor of
arts who lives at his own expense. 5. One of an honor-
able band of gentlemen who attend on the king of Eng-
land, and receive a pension or an annual allowance of a
hundred pounds.
PEN'SION-ING, ppr. Granting an annual allowance for
past services.
PEN'S! VE, a. [It. pensivo ; Fr. pensif.] 1, Literally,
thoughtful ; employed in serious study or reflection ; but
it often implies some degree of sorrow, anxiety, depres-
sion or gloom of mind ; thoughtful and sad, or sorrowful,
2, Expressing thoughtfulness with sadness,
PEN'S! VE-LY, arfy. With thoughtfulness; with gloomy
seriousness or some degree of melancholy,
PEN'S!VE-NESS, n. Gloomy thoughtfulness ; melancholy
seriousness from depressed spirits.
PEN'STOCK, n. [pen and stock.] A narrow or confined
place formed by a frame of timber planked or boarded, for
holding or conducting water.
PENT, pp. of pen. Shut up ; closely confined.
PEN-TA-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [Gr. ttivti, and capsular.] In
botany, having five capsules.
See "Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J 3 S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in th-^. iObsoUte.
PEN
600
PER
PEN'TA-CHORD, n. [Gr. nsvre, and cJwrd.] 1, An instm-
* ment of music with five strings. 2. An order or system
of five sounds.
PEN'TA-eO€-€OUS, a. [Gr. nevre, and L. coccus.] Hav-
ing or containing five grains or seeds.
rEN'TA-€OST-ER, n. [Gr.] In ancient Greece, a military
officer commanding fifty men. Mitford,
jfEN'TA-€OS-TYS, «. [Gr.] A body of fifty soldiers.
PEN-TA€'E.I-NITE, n. The fossil remains of a zoophyte.
PEN-TA-€ROS'TI€, a. [Gr. jtsvte, and acrostic] Contain-
ing five acrostics of the same name in five divisions of
each verse.
PEN-TA-€ROS'TI€, n. A set of verses so disp9sed as to
have five acrostics of the same name in five divisions of
each vei^e.
PEN-TA-DA€'TYL, n. [Gr. nevrs and Suktv'Kos.] 1. In
botany, a plant called five fingers. Encyc.—2. In ichthyolo-
gy, the five-fingered fish.
PEN'TA-GON, n. [Gr. ticvtb and ywvja.] 1. In geometry, ?i
figure of five sides and five angles.— 2. Inforiification, a
fort with five bastions.
PEjV-TAG'O-NAL, I a. Having five corners or angles.
PEN-TAG'0-NOUS, \ MaHyn.
PEN'TA-GRAPH, n. [Gr. ttev-e and ypa^w.] An mstru-
ment for drawing figures in any proportion.
PEN-TA-GRAPH'I€, ( a. Pertaining to a pentagraph ;
PEN-TA-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ perfoniied by a pentagraph.
PEN'TA-GYN, n. [Gr. nevre, and yvvt].] In botany, a plant
having five pistils.
PEN-TA-GYN'I-AN, a. Having five pistils.
?iN:?l:ii'SloUS, i - Having five equal sides.
PEN-TA-He'DRON, n. [Gr. r.ivrt and th^a.] A figure
having five equal sides.
PEN-TA-HEX-A-HE'DRAL,a. [Gr.nsvre, and ^ezaAetZraL]
In crijstalography, exhibiting five ranges of faces one
above another, each range containing six faces.
PEN-TAM'E-TER, n. [Gr. nevTe and /xerpov.] In ancient
poetrij, a verse of five feet.
PEN-TAM'E-TER, a. Having five metrical feet. Warton.
PEN-TAN'DER, n. [Gr. -evrt and avrio.] In botany, a
plant having five stamens.
PEN-TAN'DRI-AN, a. Having five stamens.
PEN-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. irivTe, and angular.} Having
five corners or angles. Orew.
PEN-TA-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. ttcvte and TisraXrv.] Hav-
ing five petals or fiower-leaves. Encyc.
PEN-TAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. r.evrs and (pvWov.] Hav-
ing five leaves.
PEN'TAR-€HY, ?i. [Gr. nevre, and. apxri.]. A government
in the hands of five persons. Brewer.
PEN'TA-SPAST, n. [Gr. nevre and o-rraco.] An engftie
with five pulleys. Diet.
PEN-TA-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. ttevte and o-rrep/^a.] Con-
taining five seeds. Encyc.
PEN'TA-STICH, 71. [Gr. 7T£)'T£and(TTt;)^o?.] A composition
consisting of five verses. Diet.
PEN'TA-STyLE, n. [Gr. -nevre and cTvXog.'] In architec-
ture, a work containing five rows or columns.
PEN TA-TECCH, n. [Gr. r^evre and revxpi.] The first
five books of the Old Testament.
PENiTE-CONT-ER, n. A Grecian vessel of fifty oare,
smaller than a trireme. Mitford.
*PEN'TE-€OST, n. [Gr. TievTSKoarF..'] 1. A solemn festi-
val of the Jews, so called because celebrated on the fifti-
eth day after the sixteenth of Nisan, which was the second
day of the passover. 2. WTiitsuntide, a solemn feast of
the church, held in commemoration of the descent of the
Holy Spirit on the apostles.
PEN'TE-COS-TAL, a. Pertaining to ^^Tiitsuntide.
PEN-TE-€OS'TALS, n. Oblations formerly made by par-
ishioners to the parish priest at the feast of Pentecost.
PENTHOUSE, n. [Fr. pente, and house.] A shed standing
aslope from the main wall or building.
PEN'TlCE, ?!. [It. T^endice.] A slopin g roof. [Little used.]
PEN'TlLE, n. [Fr. pente, and tile.] A tile for covering the
sloping part of a roof. Johnson.
PEN'TRE-MITE, n. A genus of zoophytes.
PE-NULT', n. [L. penultimus.] The last syllable of a
word except one.
PE-NULT'I-MA. The same as penult.
PE-NULT'I-MATE, a. The last but one j a word used of
the last syllable of a word except one. It may be some-
times used as a noiin.
PE-NUM'BRA, 7K [L. pene and umbra.] In astronomy, a
partial shade or obscurity on the margin of the perfect
shade in an eclipse.
PE-NU'RT-OITS, a. [n. penurioso.] 1, Excessively saving
or sparing in the use of money j parsimonious to a fault ;
sordid. 2. Scanty ; affording little. Addison.
PE-NtJ'Rl-OUS-LY, adv. In a saving or parsimonioug
manner ; with scanty supplv.
PE-Nl]'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1.' Parsunony ; a sordid dispo-
sition to save money. 2. Scantiness ; not plenty.
PEN'U-RY, 71. [L. penuria.] Want of property j indigence'
extreme poverty. Sprat.
Pe'ON, n. 1. In Hindostan, a foot-soldier.— 2. In France, a
^ommon man in chess ; usually written and called pawn.
Pe'O-NY, n. [L. pcBonia.] A plant and flower of the genus
pcBonia. It is written also piony.
PeO'PLE, (pe'pl) n. [Fr. peuple ; L. populus ; Sp. pueblo.]
1. The body of persons who compose a community, town,
city or nation. 2. The vulgar; the mass of illiterate
persons. 3. The cunmionalty, as distinct from men of
rank. 4. Persons of a particular class ; a part of a nation
or community. 5. Persons in general ; any persons in-
definitely. 6. A collection or community of animals.— 7.
When people signifies a separate nation or tribe, it has the
plural number. — 8. In Scripture, fathers or kindred. 9.
The Gentiles.
PeO'PLE, v. t. [Fr. peupler.] To stock with inhabitants.
PeO'PLED, pp. Stocked or furnished with inhabitants.
PE0'PLI]\G,;>pr. Stocking with inhabitants.
PeO'PLISH, a. Vulgar. Chaucer.
PE-PAS'TI€, 7i. [Gr. r^enaivu).] A medicine that serves to
help digestion. Coxe.
PEP'PER, 71. \lu. piper; Sax. peppor ; J), peper.] A plant
and its seed or grain, of the genus piper. It has a strong
aromatic smell and a pungent taste.
PEPPER, V. t. 1. To sprinkle with pepper. 2. To beat ;.
to pelt with shot ; to mangle with blows. Shak.
PEP'PER-BOX, 77. A small box with a perforated lid, used
for sprinkling pulverized pepper on food.
PEPTER-€aKE, n. A kind of spiced cake or gingerbread.
PEP'PER-€ORN, 77. 1. The berry or seed of the pepper-
plant. 2. Something of inconsiderable value.
PEP'PERED, pp. Sprinkled with pepper ; pelted ; spotted.
PEP'PER-GIN'GER-BREAD, n. A kind of cake made in
England.
PEPPER-GRASS, n. A plant.
PEP'PER-ING, ;?p-. 1. Sprinkling with pepper ; pelting. 2.
a. Hot ; pungent ; angrv. Swift.
PEP'PER-MINT, 77. A plant of the genus mentha.
PEP'PER-MINT-TREE, 7i. The eucalyptus piperita.
PEPPER-POT. 71. A plant of the geniis capsicurn.
PEP'PER-TREE, n. A plant of the genus vitis.
PEP'PER-WA-TER, n. A liquor prepared from powdered
black pepper, used in microscopical observations.
PEP'PER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus lepidium.
PEP'TIC, a. [Gr. nsnTiKos.] Promoting digestion ; dietetic.
PER. A Latin preposition, denoting through, passing, or
over the whole extent, as in perambulo. Hence it is
sometimes equivalent to very in English, as in peracutus,
very sharp. As a prefix, in JEnglish, it retains these signi-
fications, and in chemistry it is used to denote very or
fullij, to the utmost extent, as in peroxyd, a substance oxy-
dated to the utmost degree. — Per is used also for by ; as,
per bearer, by the bearer. — Per annum. [L.] By the year ;
in each year successively. — Per se. [L.] By himself 3 by
itself; by themselves.
t PER-ACT', V. t. To perform ; to practice.
PER-A-€uTE', a. [L. peracutus.] Very sharp; very vio-
lent. [Little used.}
PER-AD-VENT'URE, adv. [Fi.par aventure.] By chance;
perhaps ; it may be. Hooker. It has been used, as a noun,
for doubt or question, but rather improperly. The word
is obsolescent.
PER'A-GRATE, c i. [L. peragro.] To travel over or
through ; to wander; to ramble. [L.u.]
PER-A-GRa'TION, 71. The act of passing through any
space. \L. u.} Broicn.
PER-AM'BU-LATE, v. t. [L. peramhxdo.} To walk through
or over ; to pass through or over for the purpose of survey-
ing or examining something ; to visit as overseers.
PER-AM'BU-LA-TED, pp. Passed over; inspected.
PER-AIM'BU-LA-TING, ppr. Passing over or through for
the purpose of inspection.
PER-AM-BU-La'TION, n. 1. The act of passing or walk-
ing through or over. 2. A traveling survey or inspection.
3. A district within which a person has the right of in-
spection ; jurisdiction. 4. Annual surA^ey of the bounds
of a parish in Ena-land, or of a township in America.
PER-AM'BU-LA-fOR, 7?. An instrumont or wheel for
measuring distances, to be used in surveying or traveling ;
called also a pedometer.
PER-BI-SUL'PHATE, 71. A sulphate witj two proportions
of sulphuric acid, and combined with an oxyd at the max-
imum of oxydation.
PER-€AR'BU-RET-ED, a. The percarbureted hydrogen of
the French diemists is said to be the only definite com-
pound of these two elements.
t PER-€aSE', adv. [per and case.] Perhaps ; perchance.
t PER'CE-ANT, a. [Fr. pergant } Piercing ; penetrating.
* See Synopsis. 5. E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;~PlN, MARINE , BIRD ;— f Obsolete
PER
601
PER
PER-CeIVA-BLE, a. 1. Perceptible j that may be per-
ceived : that may fall under perception or the cognizance
of the 'senses ; that may be felt, seen, heard, smelled or
tasted . 2. That may be known, understood or conceived ;
\l6ss TyrovcTm^
PER-CeIV'A-BLY, oaIv. In such a manner as to be per-
ceived.
f PER-CeIV'ANCE, n. Power of perceiving. Milton.
PER-CeIVE', v. t. [L. perdpio.] 1. To have knowledge
or receive impressions of external objects through the me-
dium or instrumentality of the senses or bodily organs.
2. To know ; to understand ; to observe. 3. To be af-
fected by ; to receive impressions from.
PER-CeIV'ED, (per-seevd') pp. Known by the senses ;
felt ; understood ; observed.
PER-CeIV'ER, 71. One who perceives, feels or observes.
PER-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The state or quality of be-
ing perceptible. 2. Perception; [less proper.]
PER-CEFTI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be perceived 5
that may impress the bodily organs ; that may come un-
der the cognizance of the senses, 2. That may be known
or conceived of.
PER-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. In a manner to be perceived.
PER-CEP'TION, n. [L. perceptio.] 1. The act of perceiv-
ing or of receiving impressions by the senses; or that act
or process of the mind which makes known an external
object.— 2. In philosophy, the faculty of perceiving. 3.
Notion ; idea. 4. The state of being affected or capable
of being affected by something external.
PER-CEP'TIVE, a. Having the faculty of perceivmg.
PER-CEP-TJV'I-TY, n. The power of perception.
PERCH, n. [FT.perche.] A fish of the genus perca.
PERCH, n. [Fr. perche ; L. pertica.] 1. A pole ; hence, a
roost for fowls, which is often a pole ; also, any thing on
which they light. 2. A measure of length containing
five yards and a half; a rod.
PERCH, V. i. 1. To sit o^ roost, as a bird. 2. To light or
settle on a fixed body.
PERCH, V. t. To place on a fixed object or perch.
PER-CHaNCE'j adv. ^pcr and chance.] By chance; per-
haps. Wotton.
PERCH'ERS, n. Paris candles anciently used in England ;
also, a larger sort of wax candles which were usually set
on the altar.
PER-€HLo'RATE, n. A compound of perchloric acid with
PER-CHLo'RIC, a. Perchloric acid is chlorine converted
into an acid by combining with a maximum of oxygen.
PER-CIP'I-ENT, a. [L. percipiens.] Perceiving; having
the faculty of perception. Bentley.
PER-CIP'I-ENT, 71. One that perceives or has the faculty
of perception. More.
jPER-CLoSE', n. Conclusion. Raleigh.
PER'€0-LATE, v. t. [L. percolo.] To strain thi-ough ; to
cause to pass through small interstices, as a liquor ; to
filter. Hale.
PER'€0-LATE, v. i. To pass through small interstices ; to
filter,
PER'€0-LA-TED, pp^ Filtered ; passed through small in-
tcrsticcs*
PER'€0-LA-TING, fpr. Filtering.
PER-CO-La'TION, 71. The act of straining or filtering ;
filtration ; the act of passing through small interstices, as
liquor through felt or a porous stone.
PER-€USS', V. t. [L. vercussus.] To strike. [L. u.]
PER-CUS'SION, 71. [L. percussio.] 1. The act of striking
one body against another, with some violence, 2. The
impression one body makes on another by falling on it or
striking it. 3. The impression or effect of sound on the
ear.
PER-€U'TIENT, n. [L.percutieTis.] That which strikes
or has power to strike. Bacon.
PER'DI-FOIL, 71. [L. perdo and foli^im.] A plant that an-
nually loses or drops its leaves ; opposed to evergreen.
PER-Dl"TION, 71. [L. perditio.] 1. Entire loss or ruin ;
utter destruction. 2. The utter loss of the soul or of final
happiness in a future state ; future misery or eternal
death. 3. Loss ; [o'bs.] Sluik.
PER-DtJ', or PER-DuE', o<Z«. [Fi. perdu.] Close; in con-
cealment. TrumbulVs M^Fingal.
PER-Du', 71. One that is placed on the watch or in ambush.
PER-DtJ', a. Abandoned ; employed on desperate purposes ;
accustomed to desperate enterprises. Beaumont and
Fletcher.
fPER'DU-LOUS, a. [¥r. perdu.] Lost ; thrown away.
* t PER-DtJ'RA-BLE, a. [Fr., from L.. per daro.] Very du-
rable ; lasting ; continuing long. Shak.
*tPER-Dt'RA-BLY, adw. Very durably. Shak.
t PER-DU Ra'TION, n. Long continuance. Ainsworth.
f PER'DY, adv. [Fr. par Dieu.] Certainly ; verily ; in truth.
t PER'E-GAL, a. [Fr. per and egal.] Equal. Spenser.
PER'E-GRI-NATE, v. i. [L. peregrinor.] To travel from
place to place or from one country to another ; to live in a
foreign country.
1'ER-E-GRI-Na'TI0N, 71. A tnveling from one country to
another ; a wandering ; abode in foreign countries.
PER-E-GRI-Na'TOR, 71. A traveler into foreign countries.
Casaubon.
PER'E-GRlNE, a. \Tu. per egrinus.] Foreign; not native.
[LitUe used.]
t PER-E-GRIN'I-TY, n. [Old Ft.pcregrinibe.] Strangeness.
Cook.
t PER-EMPT', v. t. [L. peremptus.] In law, to kill ; to crush
or destroy. Ayliffe.
t PER-EMP'TION, 71. [L. peremptio.] A killing; a quash-
ing ; nonsuit. Ayliffe.
*PER'EMP-TO-RI-LY, a«Z?;. [ixom peremptory.] Absolute-
ly ; positively ; in a decisive manner ; so as to precluc'e
further debate.
* PER'EMP-TO-RI-NESS, n. Positiveness ; absolute de
cision; dogmatism. Qov. of the Tongue.
* PER'EMP-TO-RY, a. [Fr. peremptoire ; L. peremptori-
us.] I. Express ; positive ; absolute ; decisive ; author-
itative ; in a manner to preclude debate or expostulation
2. Positive in opinion or judgment. 3. Final ; determi-
nate. — 4. Peremptory challenge, in law, a challenge or
right of challenging jurors without showing cause.
PER-EN'NI-AL, a. [L. perennis.] 1. Lasting or continu-
ing without cessation through the year. 2. Perpetual ;
unceasing; never-failing.— 3. In ftotayi?/, continuing more
than two years. 4. Continuing without intermission, as
a fever. Coxe.
PER-EN'NI-AL, n. In botany, a plant which lives or con-
tinues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves
or not.
PER-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Continually ; without ceasing.
PER~EN'NI-TY, n. [L. perennitas.] An enduring or contin-
uing through the whole year without ceasing.
PER-ER-Ra'T10N, 71. [L. pererro.] A wandering or ram-
bling through various places. Howell.
PER'FECT, a. [L. perfectus.] 1. Finished ; complete ;
consummate ; not defective ; having all that is requisite
to its nature and kind. 2. Fully informed ; completely
skilled. 3. Complete in moral excellencies. 4. Manifest-
ing perfection. — Perfect tense, in grammar, the preterit
tense ; a tense which expresses an act completed.
* PER'FECT, V. t. [L. perfectus.] 1. To finish or complete
so as to leave nothing wanting ; to give to any thing all
that is requisite to its nature and kind. 2. To instruct
fully ; to make fully skillful.
*PER'FE€T-ED, pp. Finished; completed.
*PER'rECT-ER,7i. One that makes perfect. Broome.
PER-FE€-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of becoming or
being ms'le perfect.
PER-FE€T'I-BLE, a. Capable of becoming or being mado
perfect, or of arriving at the utmost perfection of the spe
cies.
PER'FECT-ING, ppr. Finishing ; completing ; consum-
mating.
PER-FE€'TION, 71. [L. perfectio.] 1. The state of being
perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is wanting.
— 2. Physical perfection is when a natural object has all
its powers, faculties or qualities entire and in full vigor,
and all its parts in due proportion. — 3. Metaphysical per-
fection is the possession of all the essential attributes, or
all the parts necessary to the integrity of a substance. — 4.
Moral perfection is the complete possession of all moral
excellence. 5. A quality, endowment or acquirement
completely excellent, or of great worth. Sidney. 6. An
inherent or essential attribute of supreme or infinite ex-
cellence ; or one perfect in its kind. 7. Exactness.
PER-FE€'TION-AL, a. Made complete. Pearson.
PER-FE€'TION-ATE, used by Dryden and Tooke in lieu
of the verb to perfect, is a useless word.
PER-FEC'TION-IST, n. One pretending to perfection ; an
enthusiast in religion. South.
PER-FE€T'IVE, a. Conducing to make perfect.
PER-FE€T'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner that brings to per-
fection. Grew.
PER'FE€T-LY, adv. 1. In the highest degree of excel-
lence. 2. Totally ; completely. 3. Exactly; accu-
rately.
PER'FE€T-NESS, n. 1. Completeness; consummate ex-
cellence ; perfection. 2. The highest degree of goodness
or holiness of which man is capable in this life. 3. Ac-
curate skill.
PER-Fl"CIENT, n. [L. perficiens.] One who endows a
charity.
PER-FID'I-OUS, a. [Ja. perfidus.] 1. Violating good faith
or vows ; false to trust or confidence reposed ; treacher-
ous. 2. Proceeding from treachery, or consisting in
breach of faith. 3. Guilty of violated allegiance.
PER-FID'I-OUS-LY, adv. Treacherously ; traitorously ;
by breach of faith or allegiance. Swift.
PER-FID'I-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being perfidious ;
treachery ; traitorousness ; breach of faith, of vows or al-
legiance.
PER'FI-DY, 71. [L. perfdia.] The act of violating faith,
* Set Bfnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE j— B1JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete
PER
602
PER
a promise, vow or allegiance ; treachery ; the violation
of a trust reposed.
f PER'FLA-BLE, a. [L. perflo.] Having the wind driven
through.
I'ER-FLaTE', v. t. rL.perfio.] To blow through.
PER-FLa'TION, n. The act of blowing througii.
P£R-Fo'L[-ATE, o. [1.. per and folium.] In botany, a per-
foliate or perforated leaf is one that has the base entirely-
surrounding tlie stem transversely.
PER'FO-RATE, v. t. [L. perforo.} 1. To bore through.
2. To pierce with a pointed instrument ; to make a hole
or holes through any thing by boring or driving.
PER'FO-RA-TED, pp. Bored or pierced through ; pierced.
PER'PO-RA-TING, ppr. Boring or piercing through ; pier-
cing.
PER-FO-Ra'TION, n. The act of boring or piercing
through. 2. A hole or aperture passing through any
thing, or into the interior of a substance, whether natural
or made by an instrament.
PER'FO-RA-TiVE, a. Having power to pierce.
PER'FO-RA-TOR, n. An instrument that perforates.
PER-FoRCE', adv. [per and force.] By force or violence.
PER-FORM', V. t. [L. per and formo.] 1. To do ; to exe-
cute ; to accomplish. 2. To execute ; to discharge. 3.
To fulfill.
PER-FORM', V. i. To do ; to act a part.
PER-FORM' A-BLE, a. That may be done, executed or ful-
filled ; practicable. Brown.
PER-FORM'ANCE, n. 1. Execution or completion of any
thing ; a doing. 2. Action ; deed : thing done. 3. The
acting or exhibition of character on the stage. 4. Compo-
sition j work written. 5. The acting or exhibition of
feats.
PER-FORM'ED, (per-formd') pp. Done; executed; dis-
charged.
PER-FORM'ER, n. One that performs any thing, particu-
larly in an art.
PER-FORM'ING, ppr. Doing ; executing ; accomplishing.
PER-FORM'ING, n. Act done; deed ; act of executing.
t PER'FRI-CATE, v. t. [L. perfrico.] To rub over. Diet.
PER-FU'MA-TO-RY, a. That perfumes. Leigh.
* PER-FuAlE', or PER'FUME, n. [Fr. parfum : Sp. per-
fume.] 1. A substance that emits a scent or odor which
affects agreeably the organs of smelling, as musk. 2.
The scent, odor or volatile particles emitted from sweet-
smellmg substances.
PER-FuME', v.t. To scent; to fill or impregnate with a
grateful odor. Pope.
PER-FuM'ED, (per-f umd') pp. Scented ; impregnated with
fragrant odors.
PER-FuM'ER, n. 1. He or t-liat which perfumes. 2. One
whose trade is to sell perfumes. Bacon.
PER-FCTM'ER-Y, n. Perfumes in general.
PER-FuM'ING, ppr. Scenting ; impregnating with sweet
odors.
* PER-FUN€'TO-RI-LY, adv. [L. perfunctorie.] Careless-
ly ; negligently ; in a manner to satisfy external form.
* PER-FUN€'TO-RI-NESS, n. Negligent performaace;
carelessness. Whitlock.
* PER-F QNC'TO-RY, a. 1. Slight; careless; negligent,
2. Done only for the sake of getting rid of the duty.
PER-FuSE',w. t. [L. perfusus.] To sprinkle, pour or spread
over. Harvey.
PER'GO-LA, n. [It.] A kind of arbor. Flnett.
PER-HAPS', adv. [per and hap.] By chance ; it may be.
PER'I-ANTH, n. [Gr. nfpt and avQog.] The calyx of a
flower when contiguous to the other parts of fructification.
{• PER'I-APT, n. [Gr. JT£pja:rno.] An amulet ; a charm
worn to defend against disease or mischief. Sha;k.
PER-I-AU'GER, ) ^ Pj^oruE
PER-I-A'GUA. \ '^"^ i^iROGUE.
PER-I-€aRD'I-UM, n. [Gr. 7t£pt and Kapha.] A membrane
that incloses the heart.
PER'I-€ARP, n. [Gr. nepi and /faprros.] The seed-vessel of
a plant. Martyn.
PER-r-€ARP'I-UM. The same with pericarp.
^PE-RI€'LI-TATE, ?;. i. [L.pericZitor.] To hazard. Cock-
cram.
, fE-RI€-LI-TA'TION, n. 1. The state of being in danger.
Cockeram. 2. Trial ; experiment.
PER-I-€Ra'NI-UM, n. [Gr. jrept and K^avLov.] The perios-
teum, or membrane that invests the skull. Coxe.
PE-RIOU-LOUS, a. [Ij. periculosus.] Dangerous ; hazard-
ous. Brown.
PER-I-DO-DE-€A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. nepi, and dodecahe-
dral.] Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a
four-sided prism, and in its secondary form is converted
into a prism of twelve sides.
1 Ell I-DOT, n. [Fr.] Another name of the chrysolite.
PER-1-S'CIAN, n. [Gr. nepiotKos.] An inhabitant of the
opposite side of the globe, in the same parallel of latitude.
PER-I-ER'6'i', n. [Gr. nepi and epyov.] Needless caution
in an operation ; unnecessary diligence.
PER'I-6EE, ; n. [Gr. irept and yrj.] That point in the
PER-I-6e'UM, J orbit of the sun or moon, in which it is
at the least distance from the earth ; opposed to apogee.
PER'I-GORD-STONE, n. An ore of manganese.
PER'I-GRAPH, n. [Gr. nepi and ypa<pTi.] 1. A careless
or inaccurate delineation of any thing. 2. The white
lines or impressions that appear on the musculus rectus of
the abdomen.
PE-RIG'Y-NOUS, a. [Gr. nepi and yvvv.] In botany, in-
serted ajround the pistil, as the corol or stamens.
PER-I-HeL'ION, ) 71. [Gr. Trept and f/'Xios.] That part of
PER-I-HeL'I-UM, \ the orbit of a planet or comet, in
which it is at its least distance from the sun ; opposed to
aphelion.
PER-I-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. nspi, and hezahedral.]
Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four-sided
prism, and in the secondary form is converted into a
prism of six sides.
PER'IL, n. [Fr. ; It. periglio ; L. periculum.] ] . Danger ;
risk ; hazard ; jeopardy ; particular exposure of person or
property to injury, loss or destruction from any cause
whatever. 2. Danger denounced ; particular exposure.
t PER'IL, V. i. To be in danger. Milton.
PER'IL-OUS, a. [Fr. perileux.] 1. Dangerous; hazardous;
full of risk. 2. Vulgarly used for very, like mighty;
[obs.] 3. Smart ; witty ; [obs.]
PER'IL-OUS-LY, adv. Dangerously ; with hazard.
PER'IL-OUS-NESS, m. Dangerousness ; danger; hazard.
PE-RIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. TJspi and ixerpov.] In geometry, the
bounds and limits of a body or figure.
PER-I-0€-TA-HE'DRAL, a. [Gr. nepi, and octahedral.]
Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four-sided
prism, and in its secondary form is converted into a prism
of eight sides.
PE'RI-OD, n. [L. periodus ; Fr. periode.] 1. Properly, a
circuit ; hence, the time which is taken up by a planet in
making its revolution round the sun. — 2. In chronology, a
stated number of years ; a revolution or series of years by
which time is measured. 3. Any series of years or of
days in which a revolution is completed, and the same
course is to be begun. 4. Any specified portion of time,
designated by years, months, days or hours complete. 5.
End ; conclusion. 6. An indefinite portion of any con-
tinued state, existence or series of events. 7. State at
which any thing terminates ; limit. 8. Length or usual
length of duration. 9. A complete sentence from one full
stop to another. 10. The point that marks the end of a
complete sentence ; a full stop, thus, (.) — 11. In numbers,
a distinction made by a point or comma after every sixth
place or figure. — 12. In 7nedicine, the time of intension
and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and remis-
sion.
fPE'RI-OD, V. t. To put an end to. Shak
PE-RI-OD'I€, ) a. [It. periodicn ;Fr. periodique.] 1. Per-
PE-RI-OD'I-€AL, ) formed in a circuit, or in a regular rev-
olution in a certain time, or in a series of successive circuits.
2. Happening by revolution, at a stated time. 3. Hap-
pening or returning regularly in a certain period of time.
4. Performing some action at a stated time. 5. Pertain-
ing to a period ; constituting a complete sentence. 6.
Pertaining to a revolution or regular circuit.
PE-RI-OD'I-€AL, n. A periodical publication.
PE-RI-OD'I-€AL-LY, adv. At stated periods.
PER-I-OS'TE-UM, n. [Gr. -nepi and ocrreov.] A nervous
vascular membrane endued with quick sensibility, imme-
diately investing the bones of animals.
PER-I-PA-TET'I€, a. [Gr. nepinarrjTiKos.] Pertaining to
Aristotle's system of philosophy.
PER-I-PA-TET'ie, 71. 1. A follower of Aristotle, so called
because the founders of his philosophy taught, or his fol-
lowers disputed questions, walking in the Lyceum at
Athens. 2. It is ludicrously applied to one who is obliged
to walk, or cannot afford to ride.
PER-I-PA-TET'I-CISM, n. The notions or philosophical
system of Aristotle and his followers. Barrow.
PE-RIPH'E-RAL, a. Peripheric. Fleming.
PER-I-PHER'I€, I a. Pertaining to a periphery ; con-
PER-I-PHER'I-€AL, \ stituting a periphery.
PE-RIPH'E-RY, n. [Gr. Tiepi and (pepo).] The circumfer-
ence of a circle, ellipsis, or other regular curvilinear fig-
ure.
PER'I-PHRASE, 71. [Gr. nepicppacng.] Circumlocution ; a
circuit of words ; the use of more words than ai-e necessa-
ry to express the idea ; a figure of rhetoric employed to
avoid a common and trite manner of expression.
PER'I-PHRASE, V. t. To express by circumlocution.
PER'I-PHRASE, V. i. To use circumlocution.
PE-RIPH'RA-SIS. SeePERiPHRASE.
PER-I-PHRAS'TI€, ) a. Circumlocutory ; expressing
PER-I-PHRAS'TI-CAL, ) or expressed in more words
than are necessary ; expressing the sense of one word in
manj'^.
See Synopsis il, iS, I, 0, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— HN, Mj^RiNE, BIRD ,— t Obsolete
PER
603
PER
rER-I-PHR.AS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With circumlocution.
PEK'J -PLUS, n. [Gr. TttptnAouf.] Circumnavigation ; a
voyage round a certain sea or sea-coast. Vincent.
l'£R-IP-NEU-MON'ie, a. Pertaining to peripneumony ;
consisting in an inflammation of the lungs.
PER-IP-NEtJ'MO-NY, n. [Gr. ;r£pi and nvevixwv.] An in-
flammation of the lungs, or of some part of the thorax.
PER-I-PO-LYG'O-NAL, a. [Gr. nept, and polygon.] In
crystalography, having a great number of sides.
PE-RIS'CIAN, ) n. [Gr. T^epicKioi.] An inhabitant of a
PE-RIS'CI-I, \ frigid zone, or within a polar circle, whose
shadow moves round, and in the course of the day falls in
every point of compass.
PE-RIS'CIAN, a. Having shadows all around.
PER'ISH, V. i. [Fr. peri,-.] 1. To die ; to lose life in any
manner. 2. To die; to wither and decay. 3. To waste
away. 4. To be in a state of decay or passing away. 5.
To be destroyed ; to come to nothing. 6. To fail entirely,
or to be extirpated. 2 Kings ix. 7. To be burst or ruined.
8. To be wasted or rendered useless. Jer. ix. 9. To be
injured or tormented. 1 Cor. viii. 10. To be lost eternal-
ly ; to be sentenced to endless misery. 2 Pet. ii.
PER'ISH, V. t. To destroy. [JVot legitimate.]
PER'ISH-A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to perish ; subject to decay
and destruction. 2. Subject to speedy decay. Stat, of
Conn.
PER'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to decay. Locke.
PER'I-SPERM, n. [Gr. :T£f)t and anepija.] A thick, farina-
ceous, fleshy, homy or woody part of the seed of plants.
PER-I-SPHER'I€, a. [Gr. ngpt and <70aipa.] Globular;
having the form of a ball. Journ. of Science.
PER-IS-SO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Redundant in words.
PER-IS-S0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. Trspto-o-oAoyta.] Superfluous
words ; much talk to little purpose. [Little used.]
PER-I-STAL'TI€, a. [Gr. TieQiaTaXriKog.] Spiral ; vermicu-
lar or worm-like. The peristaltic motion of the intestines
is performed by the contraction of the circular and longi-
tudinal fibres composing their fleshy coats, by which the
chyle is driven into the orifices of the lacteals, and the ex-
crements are protruded towards the anus.
PER-IS-Te'RI-ON, n. [Gr.] The herb vervain. Diet.
PER'I-STyLE, n. [Gr. T:t^iaTv\ov.] A circular range of
columns, or a building encompassed with a row of col-
umns on the outside.
PER-I-SYS'TO-LE, n. [Gr. nepi and cvuToXri.] The pause
or interval between the systole or contraction, and the
diastole or dilatation of the heart.
PE-RlTE^, a. [L.peritus.] Skillful. [Little used.]
PER-I-To'NE-AL, a. Pertaining to the peritoneum.
PER-I-TO-Ne'UM, n. [Gr. nsptroi/aiov.] A thin, smooth,
lubricous membrane inve?^ng the whole internal surface
of the abdomen, and, more or less completely, all the vis-
cera contained in it.
PER'I-WIG, n. [Ir. pereabhic ; qu. D. paruiJc ; Fr. perruque.]
A small wig ; a kind of close cap formed by an intertext-
ure of false hair, worn by men for ornament or to conceal
baldness.
PER'I-WIG, V. t. To dress with a periwig or with false
hair, or with any thing in like form. Swift.
PER'I-WIN-KLE, K. [Sax. peruiiice ; It. pervinca.] 1. A
sea snail, or small shell fish. 2. A plant.
PER'JURE, (per'jur) v. t. [L. perjuro.] Willfully to make
a false oath when administered by lawful authority or in
a court of justice ; to forswear.
t PER'JURE, n. A perjured person. Shak.
PER'JURED, pp. Guilty of perjury ; having sworn falsely.
PER'JUR-ER, n. One that willfully takes a false oath law-
fully administered.
PER'JUR-ING, ppr. Taking a false oath lawfully adminis-
tered^
PER-Ju'RI-OUS, a. Guilty of perjury ; containing perjury.
PER'JU-RY, n. [J^. perjurium.] The act or crime of will-
fully making a false oath, when lawfully administered.
PERK, a. [W. perc] Properly, erect ; hence, smart ; trim.
PERK, V. i. [W. percu.] To hold up the head with affected
smartness. Pope.
PERK, V. t. To dress ; to make trim or smart ; to prank.
PERK'IN, n. Ciderkin ; a kind of cider made by steeping
the murk in water. Encyc.
PERFLATE ACID. The acidulous phosphate of soda.
PER'LA-TED ACID, or OU-RET'I€. Biphosphateof soda.
+ PER'LOUS, for perilous. Spenser.
PER-LUS-TRa'TION, n. [I^.perlustro.] The act of view-
ing all over. Howell.
PER'MA-GY, n. A little Turkish boat. Diet.
PERMA-NENCE, \n. 1 . Continuance in the same state,
PER'MA-NEN-CY, \ or without a change that destroys
the form or nature of a thing ; duration ; fixedness. 2.
Continuance in the same place or at rest.
PER'MA-NENT, a. [L. permanens.] Durable ; lasting ;
continuing in the same state, or without any change that
destroys the form or natuie of the ihm^.— Permanent is
equivalent to durable or lasting, but not to undccaying of
unalterable.
PER'MA-NEN'I'-LY, adv. With long continuance i dura^
bly ; in a fixed state or place.
t PER-MAN'SION, n [J^. permansio.] Continuance.
PER-ME-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being per-
meable. Journ. of Science.
PER'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. permeo.] That may be passed
through without rupture or displacement of its parts, as
solid matter.
t PER'ME-ANT, a. Passing through. Broion.
PER'ME-ATE, v. t. [L. permeo.] To pass through the pore»s
01 interstices of a body ; to penetrate and pass through a
substance without rupture or displacement of its parts.
PER'ME-A-TED, pp. Passed through, as by a fluid.
PER'ME-A-TING, ppr. Passing through the pores or inter-
stices of a substance.
PER-ME-A'TION, 71. The act of passing through the pores
or interstices of a body
PER-MIS'Cl-BLE, a. [L. permisceo.] That may be mixed.
[Little v^ed.]
PER-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That may be penniitea or allowed.
PER-MIS'SION, 71. [L. permissio.] 1. Tiie act of permitting
or allowing. 2. Allowance ; license or liberty granted.
PER-MIS'SIVE, a. 1. Granting liberty ; allowing. Milton.
2. Granted ; suffered without hinderance. Milton.
PER-MIS'SIVE-LY, adv. By allowa^j^ce ; withcrut prohibi-
tion or hinderance.
PER-MIS'TION, or PER-MIX'TION, n. [L. permistio,
permixtio.] The act of mixing ; ttie state of being min-
gled.
PER-MIT', V. t. [L. permilto.] 1. To allow ; to grant leave
or liberty to by express consent. 2. To allow by silent
consent or by not prohibiting ; to suffer without giving
express authority. 3. To afford ability or means. 4. To
leave ; to give or resign.
* PER-MIT', 71. 1. A written license or permission from the
custom-house officer or other proper authority, to export
or transport goods, or to land goods or persons. 2. War-
rant ; leave ; permission.
PER-MIT'TANCE, n. Allowance ; forbearance of prohibi-
tion ; permission. Derham.
PER-MIX'TION. See Permistion.
PER-MU-Ta'TION, n. [L. psrmutatio.] 1. In commerce,
exchange of one thing for another ; barter. — 2. In the
canon law, the exchange of one benefice for another. — 3.
In algebra, change or different combination of any num-
ber of quantities.
t PER-MuTE', v. t. [L. permuto.] To exchange ; to barter
t PER-MuT'ER, n. One that exchanges.
PER'NAN-CY, n. [Norm, perner.] A taking or reception,
as the receiving of rents or tithes In kind.
PER-Nl"CIOUS, a. [L. perniciosus.] 1. Destructive ; hav
ing the quality of kiUing, destroying or injuring ; very
injurious or mischievous. 2. Destructive ; tending to in-
jure or destroy. 3. [Tu.pernix.] Q,uick ; [obs.]
PER-Nl"CIOUS-LY, adv. Destructively ; with ruinous
tendency or effects. Ascham.
PER-Nl"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being very injuri-
ous, mischievous or destructive.
PER-NIC'I-TY, n. [L. pernicitas.] Swiftness of motion,
celerity. [Little used.] Ray.
PER-NOe-TA'TION, 7i. [L. pemocto.] The act ol paasmg
the whole night ; a remaining all night.
PE-RoGUE'. See Pirogue.
PER-O-Ra'TION, 71. [L. peroratio.] The concluding part
of an oration, in which the speaker recapitulates the prin-
cipal points of his discourse.
PER-OX'YD,77.. [per a.ndi oxyd.] A substance containing an
unusual quantity of oxvgen. Davy.
PER-OX'Y-DiZE, V. t. to oxydize to the utmost degree.
PER-PEND', V. t. [L. perpendo.] To weigh in the mind ;
to consider attentively. [Little used.] Shak.
PER-PEND'ER, n. [Fr. parpaing.] A coping stone.
PER-PEND'I-€LE, 71. [L.perpendiculum.] Something hang-
ing down in a direct line ; a plumb-line.
PER-PEN-DI€'U-LAR,a. [l,.perpendicularis.] 1. Hanging
or extending in a right line from any point towards the
centre of the earth or of gravity, or at right angles with
the plane of the horizon. — 2. In geometry, falling directly
on another line at right angles.
PER-PEN-DI€'U-LAR, ti. 1. A line falling at right angles
on the plane of the horizon. — 2. In geometry, a line fall-
ing at right angles on another line.
PER-PEN-DIC-U-LAR'I-TY, 71. The state of being perpen
dicular. Watts.
PER-PEN-DICU-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to tall on
another line at right angles. 2. So as to fall on the plane
of the horizon at right angles ; in a direction towards the
centre of the earth or of gravity.
t PER-PEN'SION, 71. [Ij. perpendo.] Consideration.
t PER-PES'SION, 71. [L. perpessio.J Suffering ; endurance.
PER'PE-TRATE, 7J. t. [L. perpetro.] To do; to commit,
= See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE 1— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J • S as Z ; CH as SH } TH as in this, t bsolete
PER
604
PER
to perform ; in an ill sense, that is, always used to express
an evil act.
i'ER'PE-TRA-TED, pp. Done ; committed ; as an evD act.
/*ER'PE-TE,A-TING,pjj?-. Committing ; as a crime or evil act.
PER-PE-TKa'TION, 71. 1. The act of committing a crime.
2. An evil action. K. Charles.
PER'PE-TRA-TOR, n. One that commits a crime.
PER-PET'U-AL, a. [Fr. perpetuel ; L. perpetuus.'] 1.
Never-ceasing ; contmuing forever in future time ; des-
tined to be eternal. 2. Continuing or continued without
intermission ; uninterrupted. 3. Permanent ; fixed ; not
temporary. 4. Everlasting ; endless. 5. During the legal
dispensation.
PER-PET'U-AL-LY, adv. Constantly; continually; ap-
plied to things which proceed without Intermission, or which
occur frequently or at intervals, without limitation.
PER-PET'U-ATE, V. t. [1.. perpetuo.] 1. To make perpet-
ual ; to eternize. 2. To cause to endure or to be continu-
ed indefinitely ; to preserve firm extinction or oblivion.
3. To continue by repetition without limitation.
PER-PET'U-A-TED,p;>. Made perpetual ; continued through
etemitv, or for an indefinite time.
PER-PET'U-A-TiXG, ppr. Continuing forever, or indefi-
nitely.
PER-PET-U-A'TION, ?i. The act of making perpetual.
PER-PE-TU'I-TY, n. [L. perpetuitas.] 1. Endless dui-a-
tion ; continuance to eternity. 2. Continued uninter-
rupted existence, or duration for an indefinite period of
time. 3. Something of which there will be no end.
PER-PKOS'PHATE, n. A phosphate in which the phos-
phoric acid is combined with an oxyd at the maxunum of
oxydation.
PER-PLEX', V. t. [L. perplexus.'] 1. To make intricate ; to
involve ; to entangle ; to make complicated and difficult
to be understood or unraveled. 2. To embarrass ; to puz-
zle ; to distract ; to tease with suspense, anxiety or ambi-
guity, 3. To plague ; to vex.
t PER-PLEX', a. Intricate ; difficult. Qlanville.
PER-PLEX'ED, (per-plexf) pp. Made intricate ; embar-
rassed ; puzzled.
PER-PLEX ED-LY, ads. Intricately; with involution.
PER-PLEX'ED-NESS, n. 1. Intricacy ; difficulty from
want of order or precision. 2. Embarrassment of mind
from doubt or uncertainty.
PER-PLEX'I-TY, 71, 1. Intricacy; entanglem.ent. 2. Em-
barrassment of mind ; distui-bance from doubt, confusion,
difficultv or anxiety.
f PER-PO-Ta'TION, 71. [L. per and poto.] The act of
drinking largely.
PER-Q,UAD-R[-SUL'PHATE, n. A sulphate with four pro-
portions of sulphuric acid combined with a maximum
oxyd.
PERaUI-SlTE, n. [L. perquisitus.] A fee or pecuniary al-
lowance to an officer for services, beyond his ordinary
salary or settled wages ; or a fee allowed by law to an of-
ficer for a speciuc service, in lieu of an annual salary.
fPER'aUI-SIT-ED, a. Supplied with perquisites. Savage.
PER-aUI-Sl"TION, n. [L. perquisitus.] An accurate in-
quiry or search. Ainsworth.
PER-RO-aUET', n. [Fr.] A species of parrot ; also, the
alca psittacula, an aquatic fowl.
PERRY, n. [Fr. poire.] The juice of pears, which, being
clarified by fermentation, is a pleasant drink.
PER-SCRU-Ta'TIOX, n. [L. perscrutatio.] A searching
tiioroughly ; minute search or inquiry.
PER'SE-CUTE, B. t. [Fi.persecuter.] 1. Ina general sense,
to pursue in a manner to injure, vex or afflict ; to harass
with unjust punishment ; to inflict pain from hatred or
malignity. — 2. .Appropriately, to afflict, harass or destroy
for adherence to a particular creed or system of religious
principles, or to a mode of worship. 3. To harass with
solicitations or importunity.
PER'SE-€U-TED, pp. Harassed by troubles or punishments
unjustly inflicted, particularly for religious opinions.
PER'SE-€U-TING, ppr. Pursuing with enmity or ven-
geance, particularly for adhering to a particular religion.
PER-SE-€u'TIOX, 71. 1. The actor practice of persecuting.
2. The state of being persecuted.
PER'SE-€U-TOR, ??. One that persecutes ; one that pursues
another unjustly and vexatiously, particularly on account
of religious principles.
PER-SE''-VeR'AXCE, 7i. [Fr. ; lu. per sever antia.] 1. Per-
sistence in anything undertaken; continued pursuit or
prosecution of "any business or enterprise begun. — 2. In
theolosy, continuance in a state of grace to a state of glory ;
sometimes_caned final perseverance.
■^PER-SE-VeR'ANT, a. Constant in pursuit of an under-
taking. Ainsworth.
f PER-SE-VeR'ANT-LY, adv. With constancy. Spiritual
Conquest.
PER-SE-VeRE', v. i. [L. persevero.] To persist in any
ousiness or enterprise undertaken ; to pursue steadhy any
design or course commenced ; not to give over or abandon
what is undertaken
PER-SE-VeR'ING, ppr. 1. Persisting in any business o?
course begun. 2. a. Constant in the execution of a pur-
pose or enterprise.
PER-SE-VeR'ING-LY, adv. With perseverance or con
tinued pursuit of what is imdertaken.
PER SI-FLAGE, 74. [Fr.] A jeering; ridicule. H. More.
PER-SIM'MON, 71. Atree and its fruit. Mease.
PER-SIST', V. i. [L. persisto.] To continue steadily and
firmly in the pursuit of any business or coui-se commenced ,
to persevere. [Persist is nearly synonymous with ^er^e-
vere ; but persist frequently implies more obstinacy than
, persevere, particularly in that which is evil or injurious to
others.]
PER-SIST'ENCE, > ii. 1. The state of persisting ; steady
PER-SIST'EN-CY, ] pursuit of what is undertaken ; per-
severance. 2. Obstinacy ; contumacy. Shak.
PER-SIST'ENT, I a. In botany, continuing without with-
PER-SIST'ING, j ering ; opposed to marcescent.
PER-SIST'ING, ppr. Continuing in the prosecution of an
undertaking ; persevering.
PER-SIST'IVE, a. Steady in pursuit ; not receding from a
purpose or undertaking ; persevering. Shak.
PER'SON, (per'sn) n. [L. persona.] 1. An individual hu-
man being consisting of body and soul. 2 A man, wom-
an or child, considered as opposed to things, or distinct
from them. 3. A human being, considered with respect
to the living body or corporeal existence only 4. A hu-
man being, indefinitely ; one ; a man. 5. A human being
represented in dialogue, fiction, or on the stage ; charac-
ter. 6. Character of office. — 7. In o-ra?n??mr, the nomina-
tive to a verb ; the agent that performs, or the patient that
sufl^ers, any thing affirmed by a verb. — 8. In law, an artifi-
cial person is a corporation or body politic. — In person, by
one's self; with bodily presence ; not by representative.
f PERSON, V. t. To represent as a person ; to make to re-
semble ; to image. Milton.
PER'SON-A-BLE, a. 1. Havmg a weU-formed body or
person ; graceful ; of good appearance.— 2. In law, ena-
bled to maintain pleas in court. 3. Having capacity to
take anj' thing granted or given.
PER'SOX-AGE, 77. [Fr. personnage.] 1. A man or woman
of distinction . 2. Exterior appearance ; stature ; air. 3.
Character assumed. 4. Character represented.
PER'SON-AL, a. [h. personalis.] 3. Belonging to men or
women, not to things ; not real. 2. Relating to an indi-
vidual ; afiecting individuals ; peculiar or proper to him
or her. or to private actions or character. 3. Pertainmg to
the corporal nature; exterior; corporal. 4. Present in
person ; not acting by representative. — Personal estate, in
law, movables ; chattels ; things belonging to the person ;
as money, jewels, furniture, &c., as distinguished from
real estate in land and houses. — Personal identity, in
metaphysics, sameness of being, of which consciousness is
the evidence. — Personal verb, in grammar, a verb conju-
gated in the three persons.
t PER'SON-AL, n. A movable.
PER-SON-AL'I-TY, n. 1. That which constitutes an mdi-
vidual a distinct person, or that which constitutes indi-
viduality. 2. Direct application or applicability to a per-
son.
PER SOX'-AL-LY, adv. 1. In person ; by bodily presence ;
not by representative or substitute. 2. With respect to an
individual; particularly. 3. Yv'^ith regard to numerical
existence.
PER'SOX'^-ATE, V. t. 1. To represent by a fictitious or as-
sumed character so as to pass for the person represented.
2. To represent by action or appearance ; to assume the
character and act the part of another. 3. To pretend
hypocritically; [l.u.] 4. To counterfeit ; to feign ; as, a
personated devotion. Hammond. 5. To resemble. Shak.
6. To make a representation of, as in picture ; [ohs.] 7.
To describe ; [o&5.] Q. [li.persono.] To celebrate loudly ;
[obs.]
t PER'SON- ATE, v. i. To display a fictitious character.
PER'SON-ATE, a. [L. perso7ia,a mask.] Masked.
PER-SOX^-A'TION, 71. The counterfeiting of the person and
character of another. Bacon.
PER'SON-A-TOR, n. 1. One who assumes the character of
another. 2. One that acts or performs. B. Jonson.
PER-SOX-I-FI-€a'TIOX, n. The giving to an inanimate
being the figure or the sentiments and language of a ra-
tional being ; prosopopoeia.
PER-SON'I-FiED, pp. Represented with the attributes of a
person.
PER-SON'I-FY, 7). «. [1,. persona and f ado.] To give ani-
mation to inanimate objects ; to ascribe to an inanimate
being the sentiments, actions or language of a rational
being or person.
PER-SON'I-FY-ING, ppr. Giving to an inanimate being
the attributes of a person.
PER'SOX-iZE, 7-. f. To personify. [jXot much used.]
PER-SPE€'TIVE, a. 1. Pertainmg to the science of optics ;
optical. 2. Pertaining to the art of pei^pective.
PER-SPE€'TIVE, 71. [Fr. ; It. perspettiva.] I. A glasa
wnat 13 unaenaKcu. rrja.-tsriij\:j' ±±v u, n. ljci., it. ^c/o//t(,i,[fu.j x. ^ gi.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, ■?, long.— FS.Vi, FALL, WH.^T ;— PREY j— PIN, MAKINE, BIRD j— t Obsolete
PER
6()5
PER
through which objects are viewed. 9. The art of drawing
on a plane surface true resemblances or pictures of objects,
as the objects appear to the eye from any distance and
situation, real and imaginary. 3. A representation of ob-
jects in perspective. 4. View ; vista. 5. A kind of
painting, often seen in gardens and at the end of a gallery,
designed expressly to deceive the sight by representing the
continuation of an alley, a building, a landscape or the like.
PER-SPEe'TIVE-LY, adv. Optically j through a glass; by
representation. Shak.
PER'SPI-€A-BLE, a. Discernible. Herbert.
PER-SPI-€a'CIOUS, a. [L. perspicax.'] 1. Quick-sighted ;
sharp of siglit. 2. Of acute discernment.
PER-SPI-Oa'CIOUS-NESS, n. Acuteness of sight.
PER-5PI-OAOI-TY, n. [1^. perspicacnas.'] 1. Acuteness of
sight ; quickness of sight. 2. Acuteness of discernment
or understanding.
PER'SPI-€A-CY, n. Acuteness of sight or discernment.
t PER-SPI'CIENCE, 11. [L. perspicietis.l The act of looking
shai-ply.
PER'SPI-CIL, n. [L.yerand speculum.l An optic glass.
[Little u^eJL.I Crashaio.
PER-SPI-€U'I-TY, n. [Fr. perspicuite ; L. perspicuitas.'] 1.
Transparency ; clearness ; that quality of a substance
which renders objects visible tlirough it ; [little u^ed.']
2. Clearness to mental vision ; easiness to be understood ;
freedom from obscurity or ambiguity ; that quality of
writing or language which readily presents to the mind
of another the precise ideas of the author.
PER-SPie'U-OUS, a. [L. perspiciLiLs.} 1. Transparent;
translucent ; [I. «.] 2. Clear to the understanding ; that
may be clearly understood ; not obscure or ambiguous.
PER-SPI€'U-OUS-LY, adv. Clearly; plainly; in a manner
to be easily understood. Bacon.
PER-SPI€'U-0US-NES3, n. Clearness to intellectual vision;
plainness ; freedom from obscurity.
PER-SPI-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being perspirable.
*PER-SPI'-RA-BLE, a. [ftom l^. per spiro.'] 1. That may be
perspired ; that may be evacuated through the pores of the
skin. 2. Emitting perspiration ; [iwt proper.]
PER-SPI-RA'TION, n. [L. perspiro.] 1. The act of per-
spiring ; excretion by the cuticular pores ; evacuation of
the fluids of the body through the pores of the skin. 2.
Matter pei-spired.
* PER-SPl'-RA-TIVE, a. Performing the act of perspiration.
PER.SPr-RA-TO-RY,a. Perspirative. Berkeley.
PER-SPERE', v.i. [L. j^erand spiro.] 1. To evacuate ihe
fluids of the body through the pores of the sldn. 2. To be
evacuated or excreted through the pores of the skin.
PER-SPiRE', V. t. To emit or evacuate through the pores
of the skin. Smollett.
PER-STRINGE',(per-strinj')«.t. [l^.-perstringo.'] To graze;
to glance on. Burton.
PER-SUaD A-BLE, a. That may be persuaded.
PER-SUaD'A-BLY, adv. So as to be persuaded.
PER-SUaDE', (per-swade') v, t. [L. persuadeo.'\ 1. To in-
fluence by argument, advice, entreaty or expostulation ;
to draw or incline the will to a determination by present-
ing motives to the mind. 2. To convince by argument, or
by evidence presented in any manner to the mind. 3. To
inculcate by argument or expostulation ; [I. li.] 4. To
treat by persuasion ; [ohs.]
PER-SUAD'ED, pp. Influenced or drawn to an opinion or
determination by argument, advice or reasons suggested ;
convinced ; induced.
PER-SUaD ER, 71. 1. One that persuades or influences an-
other. Bacon. 2. That which incites. JMilton.
PER-SUaD'ING, ppr. Influencinc by motives presented.
PER-SUa-SI-BIL'I-TY, ii. Capability of being persuaded.
PER-SUa'SI-BLE, a. [L. persitasibilis.] That may be per-
suaded or influenced by reasons ofiered.
PER-SUa'SI-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being influenced
by persuasion.
PER-SUa'SIOX, (per-swa'zhun) n. [Fr. ; 'L.persuasio.'] 1-
The act of persuading. 2. The state of being persuaded
or convinced; settled opinion or conviction proceeding from
rtiguments and reasons ofljsred by others, or suggested by
one's own reflections. 3. A creed or belief; or a sect
or a pajty adhering to a creed or system of opinions.
PER-SUa'SR^E, a. Having the power of persuading ; in-
fluencing the mind or passions.
PER-SUa'SIVE-LY, adv. In such a manner as to»persuade
or convince. Milton.
PER-SUa'SR^E-NESS, n. The quality of having influence
on the mind or passions. Taylor.
PER-SUa SO-RY, a. Having power to persuade.
PER-SU-L'PHATE, n. A combination of sulphuric acid with
the peroxyd of iron. Wehster''s Manual.
PERT, a. [W. pert.'] 1. Lively ; brisk ; smart. 2. For-
ward ; saucy ; bold ; indecorously free. Jlddison.
PERT, 71. An assuming, over-forward, or impertinent per-
son. Goldsmith.
PERT, V. i. To behave with pertness ; to be saucy. Bp.
Gaud en.
PER-TaIN', v. i. [L. pertineo.'] I. To belong ; to be tha
property, right or duty of. 2. To have relation to.
Jlcts L
PER-TER-E-BRa'TION, n. [L. per and terebratio.] The
act of boring through. Ainsworth.
PER-TI-Na'CIOUS, a. [L. pertinax.] 1. Holding or adher-
ing to any opinion, purpose or design with obstinacy ;
obstinate ; perversely resolute or persistent. 2. Resolute •
firm ; constant ; steady.
PER-TI-Na'CIOUS-LY, adv. Obstinately; with firm or
perverse adherence to opinion or purpose.
PER-TI-Na'CIOUS-NESS, ) n. [L. pertinacia.] 1. Firm or
PER-TI-NAC'I-TY, \ unyielding adherence to
opinion or purpose ; obstinacy. 2. Resolution ; constancy.
PER'TI-NA-CY, 71. Obstinacy; stubbornness; persistency;
resolution ; steadiness. [Little used.] Taylor.
PER TI-NENCE, In. [L. per tin ens.] Justness of relation
PER'TI-NEN-CY, ] to the subject or matter in hand ; fit-
ness ; appositeness ; suitableness.
PER'TI-NENT, a. [L. pertinens.] 1. Related to the subject
or matter in hand ; just to the purpose ; adapted to the
end proposed ; apposite ; not foreign to the thing intend-
ed. 2. Regarding ; concerning ; belonging ; [little iised.]
PER'TI-NENT-LY, adv. Appositely ; to the purpose.
PER'TI-NENT-NESS, n. Appositeness.
PER-TIN GENT, a. [L.pertingens.] Reaching to.
PERTLY, adv. 1. Briskly ; smartly ; with prompt bold-
ness. 2. Saucily ; with indecorous confidence or boldness.
PERTNESS, n. 1. Briskness; smartness. 2. Sauciness ;
forward promptness or boldness. 3. Petty liveliness ;
sprightliness without force, dignity or solidity.
PER-TURB', Iv.t. [h. perturbo.] 1. To disturb ; to
*PER'TUR-BATE, ^ agitate; to disquiet. 2. To disor-
der ; to coijfuse.
PER-TJR-Ba'TION, n. [L. perturbatio.] 1. Disquiet or
agitation of mind. 2. Restlessness of peissions ; great un-
easiness. 3. Disturbance • disorder ; commotion in pub-
lie affaire. 4. Disturbance of passions ; commotion of
spirit. 5. Cause of disquiet.
PER-TUR-Ba'TOR, ) n. One that disturbs or raises com-
PER-TURBER, I motion. [Little used.]
PER-TURB'ED, (per-turbd') pp. Disturbed ; agitated ; dis
Quieted-
PER-TuSE', I a. [L.pertusus.] 1. Punched; pierced with
PER-TuS'ED, \ holes.— 2. In botany, fifll of hollow dots
on the surface, as a leaf.
PER-Tu^SlON, n. [L,. pertiisiis.] 1. The act of punching,
piercing or thrustmg through with a pointed instrumerit.
2. A Utile hole made by punching ; a perforation.
PER'UIvE, n. [Ft. perruque ; It. p err ucc a.] An artificial
cap of hair ; a periwig. Wiseman.
PER'UKE, V. t. To dress in adscititious halt
PER'UKE-Ma-KER, 71. A maker of perukes ; a wig-ma-
PE-Ru'SAL, 71. 1. The act of reading. 2. Careful view or
examination ; [timisual.] Tatler.
PE-RuSE', V. i. 1. To read, or to read with attention. 2
To obser^'e ; to examine with careful survey ; [obs.]
PE-RuS'ED, (pe-ruzd') pp. Read ; observed ;" examined.
PE-Rl"?'ER, n. One that reads or examines. Woodward.
FB-R\j$'ll^G, ppr. Reading; examinmg.
PE-RU'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Peru, in S. America. — P&
ruvian bark, the bark of the cinchona, a tree of Peru *
called also Jesuits' bark.
PER-VaDE', v. t. [L. pervado.] I. To pass through an
aperture, pore or interstice ; to permeate. 2. To pass or
spread through the whole extent of a thing and into every
minute part. 3. We use this verb in a transitive form to
express a passive or an intransitive signification.
PER-VaD'ED, pp. Passed through ; permeated ; penetrated
in every part.
PER-VaD'ING, ppr. Passing through or extending to every
part of a thing.
PER-Va'STON, 7!. The act of pervading or passing tlnough
the whole extent of a thing. Boyle.
PER-VERSE', (per-vers') a. [L. perversus.] 1. Literally,
turned aside ; hence, distorted from the right. 2. Obsti-
nate in the wrong ; disposed to be contrary ; stubborn ;
untractable. 3. Cross ; petulant ; peevish ; disposed to
cross and vex.
PER-VERSE'LY, (per-versly) adv. With intent to vex ;
crossly ; peevishly ; obstinately in the wrong.
PER-VERSE'NESS, 7!. Disposition to cross or vex ; untrac-
tableness ; crossness of temper. 2. Perversion; [obs.]
PER-VER'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. perversus.] The act of per-
verting ; a turning from truth or propriety; a diverting
from the true intent or object; change to something
worse.
PER-VERS'I-TY, ti. Perverseness ; crossness; disposition
to thwart or cross. J\,''orns.
PER-VERS'IVE, a. Tending to pervert or c-jrrupt.
PER-VERT', v.t. [L. perverto.] 1. To ti rn from truth,
propriety, or from its proper purpose ; to distort from its
true use or end. 2. To turn from the right ; to corrupt.
See Stmopds. ^OYB, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, U "^ [TE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S a.s Z ; CH as SH ; 'f H as in t'lis. \ Obsolete
PET
606
PET
PER-VEET'ED, pp. Turned from right to wrong ; distorted ;
corrupted ; misinterpreted ; misemployed
PER-VERT'ER, n. One that perverts or turns from right to
wrong ; one that distoits, misinterprets or misapplies.
PER-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may be perverted. Aiusworth.
PER-VERT'ING, ppr. Turning from right to wrong ; dis-
torting ; misinterpreting ; misapplying ; corrupting.
PER-VES'TI-GATE, v. t. [L. pervestigo.1 To find out by
research. Cocker am.
PER-VES-TI-Ga'TION, 71. DUigent inquiry j thorough re-
search. Chillino-worth.
VER-YI-e A'CIOUS, a. [h.pervwax.] Very obstuiate ; stub-
bom ; willfully contrary or refractory. Denham.
FER-VI-CA'CrOUS-LY, adv. With willful obstinacy.
?^t-:y{-|i'^f U|-^ESS, . „_ stubbornness ; willful ob-
PER'VI-eA-CY ) ^iinvicy. [Little used.]
PER'VI-OUS, a. [L. pervius.] 1. Admitting passage ; that
may be penetrated by another body or substance ; per-
meable 5 penetrable. 2. That may be penetrated by the
mental sight. 3. Pervading; permeating; [not proper.]
PER'VI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of admitting passage
or of being penetrated. Boyle.
PE-SaDE', n. [Fr. passade.] The motion of a horse when
he raises his fore quarters, keeping his hind feet on the
jround without advancing.
Pe'SO, n. A Spanish coin weighing an ounce ; a piaster ; a
piece of eight. Sp. Diet.
PES'SA-RY, 71. [Fr. pessaire.] A solid substance composed
of wool, lint or linen, mixed with powder, oil, wax, &c.,
made round and long like a finger, to be introduced into
the neck of the matrix for the cure of some disorder.
PEST, 71. [Fr. peste ; L. pestis.] 1. Plague ; pestilence ; a
fatal epidemic disease. 2. Any thing very noxious, mis-
chievous or destructive.
PEST'ER, V. t. [Fr. pester.] 1. To trouble ; to disturb ; to
annoy; toharass with little vexations. 2. To encumber.
PESTERED, pp. Troubled ; disturbed ; annoyed.
PEST'ER-ER, ?i. One that troubles or harasses with vexation.
PEST'ER-]NG,pi>r. Troubling; disturbing.
PEST'ER'OUS, a. Encumbering ; burdensome. [L. u.]
PEST'HOUSE, n. A house or hospital for persons infected
with a.T5V contagious and mortal disease.
t P£S'T1-DU€T, 71. [L. pestis and duco.] That which con-
veys or brings contagion. Donne.
PES-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. pestis and fero.] 1. Pestilential ;
noxious to health ; malignant ; infectious ; contagious.
2. Noxious to peace, to morals or to society ; mischievous ;
destructive. 3. Troublesome ; vexatious. SJiak.
PEST'I-LENCE, n. [L. pestUentia.] 1. Plague, appropri-
ately so called ; but in a general sense, any contagious or
infectious disease that is epidemic and mortal. 2. Cbr-
ruption or moral disease destructive to happiness.
PEST'I-LENT, a. [L. pestilens.] 1. Producing the plague,
or other mahgnant, contagious disease ; noxious to health
and life. 2. Mischievous ; noxious to morals or society ;
destructive. 3. Troublesome; mischievous; making dis-
turbance ; corrupt.
PES-TI-LEN'TIAL, a. 1. Partaking of the nature of the
plague or other infectious disease. 2. Producing or tend-
ing to produce infectious disease. 3. Mischievous ; de-
structive ; pernicious. South.
PESTiI-LENT-LY, ado. Mischievously ; destructively.
PES-TIL-La'TION, 71. [1.. pistillum.] The act of pounding
and bruising in a mortar. [Little used.] Brown.
PES'TLE, (pes'l) 71. [L. pistillum.] An instrument for
pounding and breaking substances in a mortar. — Pestle of
pork, a gammon of bacon. Ainsworth.
t PES'TLE, V. i. To use a pestle. B. Jonson.
PET, 71. [contracted from petulant.] A slight fit of peevish-
ness or fretful discontent.
PET, n. [f or mQYly peat. Ou. W. pHli.] 1. A cade lamb ; a
lamb brought up by hand. 2. A fondling ; any little ani-
mal fondled ;ind indulged.
PET, V. t. To treat as a pet ; to fondle ; to indulge.
fPET, V. i. To take offence ; to be in a slight passion.
* Pk'TAL, or PET'AL, n. [Fr. petale.] In botany, a flower-
leaf.
PET'VlOUS {"" Having petals ; as apetaled^ower.
PET'A-LINe' a. Pertaining to a petal. Barton.
PET'A-LISM, 71. [Gr. ^STa'Siaixos.] A form of sentence
among the ancient Syracusans, by v/hich they proscribed
a citizen.
PET'AL-ITE, 71. [Gr. TreraXov.] A rare mineral.
PET'A-LOID, a. [petal, and Gr. eiSog.] Having the form of
I)etals. Barton.
PET'AL-SHaPED, a. Having the shape of a petal.
PE-TaRD', 72. [lt.,&p.petardo ; Fr. petard.] An engine of
war made of metal, nearly in the shape of a hat, to be
loaded with powder and fixed on a madrier or plank, and
used to break gates, barricades, draw-bridges and the like,
by explosion.
PE-TXR'. The same as petard
FE-Tk'€UI-JE, n. [Sp. petequia ; It. petecchia.] Purple
spots which appear on the skin in malignant fevers.
PE-Te'€HI-AL, a. [Sp. petequial.] Spotted. A petechial
fever is a malignant fever accompanied with purple spots
on the skin.
PET'E-REL, or PET'REL, 71. An aquatic fowl of the genus
procellaria.
Pe'TER-PENCE, 71, A tax or tribute formerly paid by the
English people to the pope. Hall.
Pe'TER-WoRT, n. A plant.
PET'1-O-LAR, I a. 1. Pertaining to a petiole, or proceed-
PET'I-O-LA-RY, \ ing from it. 2. Formed from a peti-
ole. 3. Growing on a petiole.
PET'I-O-LATE, I a. Growing on a petiole : as a petiolate
PET'I-OLED, \ leaf. Martyn.
PET'I-OLE, n. [L. petiolus.] In botany, a leaf-stalk ; the
foot-stalk of a leaf.
PET'IT, (pet'ty) a. [Fr. See Petty.] Small; little; mean.
This -worA petit is now generally v/riXXen petty.
PET'IT-MAI'TRE, (pet'te-miie-tur) n. [Fr.] A spruce fel-
low that dangles about females ; a fop ; a coxcomb.
PE-TI"TION, n. [1^. petitio.] 1. In a general sense, a. re-
quest, supplication or prayer ; but chiefly and appropri-
ately, a solemn or formal supplication ; a prayer addressed
by a person to the Supreme Being. 2. A formal request or
supplication from an inferior to a superior. 3. The paper
containing a supplication or solicitation.
PE-Ti"TiON, V. t. To make a request to ; to ask from ; to
solicit ; particularly, to make supplication to a superior for
some favor or right.
PE-Tl"TION-A-RI-LY, adv. By way of begging the question.
PE-Ti"TION-A-RY, a. 1. Supplicatory; coming with a
petition. 2. Containing a petition or request. Swift.
PE-Ti"TION-ER, n. One that presents a petition, either
verbal or written.
PE-Ti"TION-[NG, ppr. Asking as a favor, grant, right or
mercv ; supplicating.
PE-Tl"TIOJN'-Ii\G, 71. The act of asking or soliciting ; so-
licitation ; supplication.
PET'I-TO-RY, a. Petitioning ; soliciting. Brewer.
PE-TONG', n. The Chinese name of a species of copper of
a white color. Pinkerton.
P^'TEr' ( ^^^ Saltpetre.
PE-TRe'aN, a. [Ij.petra.] Pertaining to rock.
PE-TRES'CENCE, n. The process of changing into stone.
PE-TRES'CENT, a. [Gr. ntr^o?.] 1. Converting into stone ;
changing into stony hardness. Boyle.
PET-RI-F ACTION, n. 1. The process of changing into
stone ; the conversion of wood or any animal or vegetable
substance into stone or a body of stony hardness. 2. That
which is converted from animal or vegetable substance
into stone. — 3. In popular usage, a body incrusted with
stony matter ; an incrustation.
PET-RI-FA€'TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to petrifaction. 2
Having power to convert vegetable or animal substances
into stone.
PE-TRIF'I€, a. Having power to convert into stone.
tPET'RI-FI-€ATE, w. t. To petrify. Hall.
PET-RI-FI-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The process of petrifying. 2.
That which is petrified, a petrifaction. 3. Obduracy;
callousness.
PETTi.I-FlED, pp. 1. Changed into stone. 2. Fixed in
amazement.
PET'RI-FY, V. t. [L. petra and facio.] 1. To convert to
stone or stony substance ; as an animal or vegetable
substance. 2. To make callous or obdurate. 3. To fix.
PET'RI-FY, v. i. To become stone, or of a stony hardness.
PET'RI-F'S'-ING, ;)pr. Converting into stone. Kirwan.
PE'TROL, \ n. [Fr. petrole.] Rock oil, a liquid in-
PE-TRo'LE-UM, \ flammable substance or bitumen exsud-
ing from the earth and collected on the surface of the water.
PET'RO-NEL, 71. A horseman's pistol.
PET'RO-Sl-LEX, 71. [h. petra and silex.] Rock stone; rock
flint, or compact feldspar.
PET-RO-SI-Ll"CIOUS, a. Consisting of petrosiiex.
PE'TROUS, a. [L.. petra.] Like stone ; hard; stony.
PET'TI-COAT, 71. [Fr. petit.] A garment worn by females,
and covering the lower limbs.
PETiTI-FOG, V. i, [Fr. petit and vaguer.] To do small
business ; as a lawyer. [ Vula-ar.]
PET'TI-FOG-GER, n. An inferior attorney or lawyer who
is emploved in small or mean business.
PET'Tt-FOG-GER-Y, 71. The practice of a pettifogger ,
tricks ; quibbles. Milton.
PET'TI-NESS, 71. Smallness ; littleness. Shak.
PET'TISH, a. Fretful ; peevish. Creech.
PET'TISH-LY, adv. In a pet ; with a freek of ill-temper.
PET'TISH-NESS, n. Fretfulness ; petulance ; peevishness.
Collier.
PET'TI-ToES, 71. The toes or feet of a pig ; sometimes
used for the human feet in contempt.
PET'TO, n. [It., from L. pectus.] The breast ; hence, in
petto, in secrecy : in reserve. Chesterfield.
* See Synopsis ^, fi, T, O, tj, •?, long.—FkU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— FIN, MARINE, BtRD ;
t Obsolete,
PHA
607
PHI
PET'TY, a. [Fr. petit.] 1. Small ; little ; trifling ; incon-
siderable, 2. Inferior.
PET'TY-CHAPS, n. A small bird of the genus motacilla.
PET'TV-eOY, n An herb. Ainsworth.
PET'U-LANCE, ) n. [L. petulantia ; Fr. petulance.'] Freak-
PET'U-LAN-CY, ) ish passion ; peevishness ; pettishness ;
sauciness. Peevishness is not precisely synonymous with
petulance ; the former implying more permanence of a
sour, fretful temper; the latter more temporary or ca-
pricious irritation.
PET'U-LANT, a. [L. petulans.] 1. Saucy ; pert or forward
with fretfulness or sourness of temper. 2. Manifesting
petulance ; proceeding from pettishness. 3. Wanton ;
freakish in passion.
PET'U-LANT-LY, adv. With petulance ; with saucy pert-
tPE-TUL'€OUS, a. Wanton; frisking. Cane.
PE-TUNSE, ) (71. Porcelain clay so called,
PE-TUNTSE', } (pe-tuns') ] used by the Chinese in the
PE-TUNTZE', ) ( manufacture of porcelain or
china-ware.
PEW, 71. [D. puye ; L. podium.] An inclosed seat in a
church.
PEW, V. t. To furnish with pews. [Little used.] Ash.
Pe' WET, 71. 1. An aquatic fowl, the sea-crow or mire-crow.
2. The lapwing. Ainsworth.
PEW'-FEL-LoW, n. A companion. Bp. Hall.
PEW'TER, n. \lt..peltro ; Sp. peltre.] 1. A composition or
factitious metal, consisting of tin and lead, or tin, lead
and brass. 2. Vessels or utensils made of pewter; as
plates, dishes, porringers and the like.
PEW'TER-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make ves-
sels and utensils of pewter. Boyle.
t PEX'I-TY, 71. [L. pecto.] The nap or shag of cloth.
Coles.
PHa'E-TON, n. [Gr., from ^aivu).] 1. In mythology, the
son of Phoebus and Clymene, or of Cephalus and Aurora,
that is, the son of light or of the sun. 2. An open car-
riage like a chaise, on four wheels, and drawn by two
horses.— 3. In ornithology, a genus of fowls, the tropic
bird.
PHA-6E-De'NA, 71, [Gr. ^aysSaiva.] An ulcer, where the
sharpness of the humors eats away tlie flesh.
PHA-GE-DEN'I€, ) a. [Gr. dayeS^iviKog.] Eating or cor-
PHA-6E-De'N0US, \ roding flesh,
PHA-GE-DEN'I€, n. A medicine or application that eats
away proud or fungous flesh,
PHA-LAN'GI-OUS, a. [Gr. (paXayyiov.] Pertaining to the
genus of spiders. Brown.
PHAL'AN-6ITE, n. [Gr. d,a\ayyiTr]s.] A soldier belong-
ing to a phalanx. Mitford.
* PHAL'ANX, or PHa'LANX, n. [L. ; Gr. (pa\ay^.] 1, In
Grecian antiquity, a square battalion or body of soldiers,
formed in ranks and files close and deep, 2. Any body
of troops or men formed in close array, or any combina-
tion of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of
union. — 3, In anatomy, the three rows of small bones
forming the fingers. — 4. In natural history, a term used
to express the arrangement of the columns of a sort of
fossil corolloid.
PHAL'A-ROPE, n. The name of several species of water-
fowls inhabiting the northern latitudes.
PHAN'TASM, 71, [Gr. cpavTaaiia.] That which appears to
the mind ; the image of an external object ; an idea or
notion ; it usually denotes a vain or airy appearance ;
something imagined.
PHAN-TAS'MA. The same as phantasm.
PHAN-TAS'TI€. See Fantastic.
PHAN'TA-SY. See Fancy.
PHAN'TOM, 71, [Fr. fantdme.] 1. Something that appears ;
an apparition ; a spectre. 2. A fancied vision.
PHa'RA-ON, 71. The name of a game of chance.
PHAR-A-ON'I€, a. Pertaining to the Pharaohs or kings of
Egypt, or to the old Egyptians. Miehuhr.
PHAR-I-Sa'I€, ) a. Pertaining to the Pharisees ; re-
PHAR-I-Sa'I-€AL, \ sembling the Pharisees ; making a
show of religion without tlie spirit of it.
PHAR-I-Sa'I-CAL-NESS, n. Devotion to external rites
and ceremonies ; external show of religion without the
spirit of it.
PHAR'I-SA-ISBI, 71. 1. The notions, doctrines and conduct
of the Pharisees, as a sect. 2. Rigid observance of ex-
ternal forms of religion without genuine piety; hypocrisy
in religion.
PHAR-I-Se'AN, a. Following the practice of the Phari-
sees. Milton.
PHAR'I-SEE, n. [Heb. ons, to separate.] One of a sect
among the Jews, whose religion consisted in a strict ob-
servance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of
the elders, and whose pretended holiness led them to sep-
arate themselves as a sect, considering themselves as
more righteous than other Jews.
*PHAR-MA-CEu'Tie, )a. [Gr. <paofiaKEVTiKog.] Per-
* PHAR-MA-CEU-TI-€AL, \ taining to the knowledge or
art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines.
* PHAR-MA-CEU'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of
pharmacy.
* PHAR-MA-CEU'TI€S, n. The science of preparing and
exhibiting medicines. Parr.
PHAR'MA-eO-LITE, n. Arseniate of lime.
PHAR-MA-€0L'0-6IST, n. [Gr. ^a^fiaKov.] One that
writes on drugs, or the composition and preparation of
medicines. Woodward.
PHAR-MA-€0L'0-6Y, n. 1. The science or knowledge of
drugs, or the art of preparmg medicines. 2. A treatise on
the art of preparing medicines.
PHAR-MA-€0-P^'IA, \ n. [Gr. (papixuKov and nouw.] A
PHAR'MA-€0-PY, \ dispensatory ; a book or treatise
describing the preparations of the several kinds of medi-
cines, with their uses and manner of application.
PHAR-MA-€0P'0-LIST, n. [Gr. (papfiuKov and /cctfTrco).]
One that sells medicines ; an apothecary.
PHAR'MA-CY, 71. [Gr. (papuaKua.] The art or practice of
preparing, preserving and compounding substances for
the purposes of medicine ; the occupation of an apothe-
cary,
PHa'ROS, 71. [Gr. (papos.] 1. A light-house or tower which
anciently stood on a small isle of that name, adjoining the
Egyptian shore, over against Alexandria. 2. Any light-
house for the direction of seamen ; a watch-tower ; a
beacon.
PHAR-YN-GOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. (papvy^ and tcixvu).] The
operation of making an incision into the pharynx.
PHa'RYNX, n. The upper part of the gullet, below the
larynx.
PHAS'EL, 71. [Gr. (paarj'Xog, or (pacio'Xos.] The French bean,
or kidney bean.
PHa'SIS, ) n. ; plu. Phases. [Gr. (pacrig.] 1. In a general
PHASE, i| sense, an appearance ; that which is exhibited
to the eye ; appropriately, any appearance or quantity of
illumination of the moon or other planet. — 2. In mineral-
ogy, transparent green quartz.
PHASM, ; 71. [Gr.] Appearance ; fancied apparition ;
PHAS'MA, \ phantom. [Little used.]
PHAS'SA-€HATE, n. The lead-colored agate,
PHEAS'ANT, (fez'ant) n. [Fr, faisan ; L, pkasianus 1
A fowl of the genus phasianus, of beautiful plumage, and
its flesh delicate food,
PHEEK, 71, [Sax, gefera.] A companion. See Peer.
PHEESE, v.t. To comb. See Fease.
PHEN'GITE, n. [Gr. (peyyirris-] A beautiful species of
alabaster. Encyc.
PHEN'I-€OP-TER, n. [Gr. (poivtKor^Tspos.] A fowl of rhe
genus phcenicopterus ; the flamingo.
PHe'NIX, n. [Gr, foivi^ ; L, pha;nix.] 1. The fowl which
is said to exist single, and to rise again from its own
ashes. 2. A person of singular distinction.
PHEN-O-GAM'I-AN, a. [Gr. (paivu) and yafxos.] In botany,
having the essential organs of fructification visible,
PHE-NOM-E-NOL'0-6Y, n. [phenomenon, and Gr. loyos-]
A description or history of phenomena.
PHE-NOM'E-NON, n.; plu. Phenomena. [Gr, <paivon£vov.']
La a general sense, an appearance ; any thing visible ;
whatever is presented to the eye by observation or experi-
ment, or whatever is discovered to exist. It sometimes
denotes a remarkable or unusual appearance.
PHe'ON, 71. In heraldry, the barbed iron head of a dart.
PHl'AL, 71. [L. phiala.] 1. A glass vessel or bottle; in
common usage, a small glass vessel used for holding
liquors, 2, A large vessel or bottle made of glass ; as the
Leyden phial.
PHl'AL, V. t. To put or keep in a phial. Shenstone.
PHIL-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. [Gr. (pi^os and aSt^og.] Per-
taining to Philadelphia, or to Ptolemy Philadelphus.
PHIL-A-DELPH'I-AN, n. One of the family of love,
PH1L-AN-THR0P'I€, la. 1, Possessing general be-
PHIL-AN-THROP'I-€AL, ] nevolence ; entertaining good-
will towards all men; loving mankind, 2, Directed to
the general good.
PHI-LAN'THRO-PIST, n. A person of general benevo-
lence ; one who loves or wishes well to his fellow men,
and who exerts himself in doing them good.
PHI-LAN'THRO-PY, n, [Gr. (pi\os and avdpuTiog.] The
love of mankind ; benevolence towards the whole human
family ; universal good-will.
PHI-LIP'PI€, 7*. An oration of Demosthenes, the Grecian
orator, against Philip, king of Macedon. Hence the word
is used to denote any discourse or declamation full of ac-
rimonious invective.
PHIL'IP-PiZE, V. i. 1. To write or utter invective ; to de-
claim against ; [ujiusual.] Burke. 2. To side with Philip ;
to support or advocate Philip. Swift.
PHIL-LY-Re'A, 71, A genus of plants, mockprivet.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
PHL
608
PHR
PHI-L0I.'0-6ER, or PHI-L0L'0-6IST, 71. One versed in
tlie history and construction of language
PinL-0-L06'I€, ; a. Pertaining to philology, or to the
rHIL-0-LOG'I-€AL, ( study and knowledge of language,
PHI-L0L'0-6lZE, «. I. To offer criticisms. [L.u.] Evelyn.
PHI-L0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. (pikoloyia.'] 1. Primarily, a love
of words. 2. That branch of literature which compre-
hends a knowledge of the etymology or origin and combi-
nation of words J grammar, the construction of sentences
or use of words in language ; criticism.
PHi'LO-MATH, n. [Gr. (piXofiadris.] A lover of learning.
PHI-LO-MATH'I€, a. 1. Pertaming to the love of learning.
2. Having a love of letters.
PHIL'O-MATH-Y, n. The love of leammg.
* PIIi'LO-MEL, ) n. [from Philomela, who was changed
* PHI-LO-Me'LA, \ into a nightingale.] The nightingale.
PHIL'O-MOT, a. [corrupted from Fr. /ewiiZe jnorie.] Of the
color of a dead leaf. Addison.
PIIIL-O-Mu'SI-eAL, a. Loving music. Busiy.
PHIL-0-PO-LEM'I€, a. [Gr. (piXog and 7To>£/it/cof.] Ruling
over opposite or contending natures ; an epithet of Mi-
nerva.
t PHI-LOS'O-PHATE, v. i. [L.philosophor, pliilosffphatus.]
To play the philosopher ; to moralize.
t PHI-LOS-O-PHa'TION, 71. Philosophical discussion.
k'HI-LOS'O-PHEME, n. [Gr. (pCKoaocprjua.] Principle of
reasoning ; a theorem. {Little used.]
PHI-LOS'0-PHER, 71. 1 . A person versed in phDosophy, or
in the principles of nature and morality j one who devotes
himself to the study of physics, or of moral or intellectual
science. — 2. In a general sense, one who is profoundly
versed in any science. — Philosopher's stone, a stone or
preparation which the alchimists formerly sought, as the
instrument of converting the baser metals into pure
gold.
PHIL-0-SOPH'I€, I a. 1. Pertaining to philosophy.
PHIL-0-SOPH'I-€AL, \ 2. Proceeding from philosophy.
3. Suitable to philosophy ; according to philosophy. 4.
Skilled in philosophy. 5. Given to philosophy. 6. Reg-
ulated by philosophy or the rules of reason. 7. Calm ;
cool ; temperate ; rational ; such as characterizes a phi-
losopher.
PHIL-O-SOPH'I-GAL-LY, adv. 1. In a philosophical man-
ner. 2. Calmly ; wisely ; rationally.
PHI-LOS'0-PHISM, n. "[Gr. (piXos and ao(pic^ia.] 1. The
love of fallacious arguments or false reasoning. 2. The
practice of sophistry. Ch. Obs.
PHI-LOS'0-PHIST, 71. A lover of sophistry; one who
practices sophistry. Porteus.
PlII-LOS-0-PHlS'TI€, \ a. Pertaining to the love or
PHI-LOS-0-PHIS'TI-€AL, ] practice of sophistry.
PHI-LOS'0-PHlZE, V. i. To reason like a philosopher ; to
search into the reason and nature of things ; to investi-
gate phenomena and assign rational causes for their ex-
istence.
PHI-LOS'0-PHlZ-ING, ppr. Searching into the reasons of
things ; assigning reasons for phenomena.
PHI-LOS'O-PHY, n. [L. philosophia.] 1. Literally, the love
of wisdom. But, in modern acceptation, philosophy is a
general term denoting an explanation of the reasons of
things ; or an investigation of the causes of all phenomena
both of mind and of matter. When applied to any par-
ticular department of knowledge, it denotes the collection
of general laws or principles under which all the subordi-
nate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are com-
prehended. Thus, that branch of philosophy which treats
of God, &c. is called theology; that which treats of na-
ture is called physics, or natural philosophy ; that which
treats of man is called logic and ethics, or moral philos-
ophy ; that which treats of the mind is called intellectual
or mental philosophy, or metaphysics. 2. Hypothesis or
system on which natural effects are explained. 3. Rea-
soning; argumentation. 4. Course of sciences read in
the schools.
PHILTER, 71. [Fr. philtre ; L. philtra.] 1. A potion in-
tended or adapted to excite love. 2. A charm to excite
love.
PIIIL'TER, V. t. L To impregnate with a love potion. 2.
To charm to love ; to excite to love or animal desire by a
potion.
J'HIZ, n. [supposed to be a contraction oi physiognomy. 1
The face or visage ; in contempt. Stepney.
I'HLE-BOT'O-MIST, n. One that opens a vein for letting
blood ; a blood-letter.
PHLE-BOT'O-MiZE, v. t. To let blood from a vein.
PIILE-BOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. (plepoTOixia.] The act or prac-
tice of opening a vein for letting blood.
PHLEGM, } 71. [Gr. (pXeyixa.] 1. Cold animal fluid; watery
PHLEM, ] matter ; one of the four humors of which the
ancients supposed the blood to be composed. — 2. In com-
mon usage, bronchial mucus; the thick viscid matter
secreted in the throat. — 3. Among chemists, water, or the
water of distDlation. 4. Dullrtess; coldness; sluggish
ness ; indifference.
fPHLEG'MA-GOGUE, (fleg'ma-gog) 71. [Gr. ^Xeyjua and
ayw.] A term anciently used to denote a medicine sup-
posed to possess the property of expelling phlegm.
* PHLEG-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. (pXcyiiaTiKos.] 1. Abounding
in phlegm. 2. Generating phlegm. 3. Watery. 4. Cold ;
dull ; sluggish ; heavy ; not easily excited mto action or
passion.
PHLEG-MAT'I-CAL-LY, ) adv. Coldly ; heavily, f^'ar-
PHLEG-MAT'I€-LY, \ burton.
PHLEG'MON, n. [Gr. ^XeyixovT].] An external inflamma-
tion and tumor, attended with burning heat.
PHLEG'MO-NOUS, a. Having the nature or properties of a
phlegmon ; inflammatory ; burning.
PHLEME, 71. [Arm. flemm.] See Fleam.
PHLO-GIS'TIAN, n. A believer in the existence of phlo-
giston.
PHLO-GlS'TI€, a. Partaking of phlogiston ; inflaming
PHLO-GISTI-CATE, v. t. To combine phlogiston with.
PHLO-GIS-TI-Ca'TION, 71. The act or process of combi-
ning with phlogiston.
* PHLO-GIS'TON, n. [Gr. ^XoyicTos.] The principle of
inflammabUity ; the matter of fire in composition with
other bodies.
PHo'LA-DlTE, 71. A petrified shell of the genus i'AoZas.
PHON'ieS, n. [Gr. (pwvri.] 1, The doctrine or science of
sounds ; otherwise called acoustics. 2. The art of com-
bining musical sounds.
PHO-NO-CAMP'TIC, a. [Gr. (pwvri and /fajuTrrw.] Having
the power to inflect sound, or turn it from its direction,
and thus to alter it.
PHON'O-LITE, n. [Gr. <po)VT] and XiBos.] Sounding-stone;
a name proposed as a substitute for klingstein.
PHON-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to phonology.
PHO-NOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. ^wi^?? and Xoyog.] A treatise on
sounds, or the science or doctrine of the elementary
sounds uttered by the human voice in speech.
PHOS'GENE, a. [Gr. 0wj and ytvvau).'] Generating light.
Silliman.
PHOS'PHATE, 71. 1. A salt formed by a combination of
phosphoric acid with a base of earth, alkali or meal. 2.
A mineral.
PHOS'PHITE, 71. A salt formed by a combination of phos-
phorous acid with a salifiable base. Lavoisier.
PHOS'PHO-LITE, 71. [phosphor, and Gr. Xidos.] An earth
united with phosphoric acid. Kirwan.
PHOS'PHOR, 71. [Gr. (puiacpopos.'] The morning star or
Lucifer ; Venus, when it precedes the sun and shines in
the morning.
PHOS'PHO-RATE, v. t. To combine or impregnate with
phosphorus.
PHOS'PHO-RA-TED, pp. Combined or impregnated with
phosphorus.
PHOS'PHO-RA-TING, ppr. Combining with phosphorus.
PHOS-PHO-RESCE', (fos-fo-ress') v. i. To shine, as phos
phorus, by exhibiting a faint light without sensible heat.
PHOS-PHO-RES'CENCE, n. A faint light or luminousness
of a body, unaccompanied with sensible heat.
PHOS-PHO-RES'CENT, a. Shining with a faint light;
luminous without sensible heat.
PHOS-PHO-RES'CING, ppr. Exhibiting light without sen-
sible heat. Cleaveland.
PHOS'PHO-RI€, or PHOS-PHOR'I€, a. Pertaining to or
obtained from phosphorus.
PHOS'PHO-RITE, 71. A species of calcarious earth.
PHOS-PHO-RIT'I€, a. Pertaining to phosphorite.
PHOSTHO-ROUS, a. The phosphorous acid is formed by a
combination of phosphorus with oxygen.
PHOS'PHO-RUS, or PHOS'PHOR, 71. [L.] I. The morn-
ing star. — 2. Phosphorus, in chemistry, a combustible sul>-
stance, hitherto undecomposed. It is of a yellowish color
and semi-transparent, resembling fine wax. It burns in
common air with great rapidity. D. Olmsted.
PHOSTHU-RET, n. A combination of phosphorus not oxy-
genated with a base. Hooper.
PHOS'PHU-RET-ED, a. Combined with a phosphuret.
PHo'TI-ZITE, n. A mineral, an oxyd of manganese.
PHO-TO-LOG'I€, ) a. Pertaining to photologv, or the
PHO-TO-LOG'I-€AL, \ doctrine of light.
PHO-TOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. (pwg and Xoyos.] The doctrine or
science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena.
PIIO-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. (ptog and /itrpov.] An instrument
for measuring the relative intensities of light. Rumford.
PHO-TO-MET'RI€, ) a. Pertaining to or made by a
PHO-TO-MET'RI-€AL, \ photometer.
PHRASE, 7?. [Gr. (ppaais.] 1. A short sentence or expres-
sion. 2. A particular mode of speech ; a peculiar sen-
tence or short idiomatic expression. 3. Style ; expression
—4. In music, any regular symmetrical course of notes
which begin and complete the intended expression.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zoti^.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;~PiN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete
PHY
609
PIC
PHRASE, V. t. To call ; to style ; to express in words or in |
peculiar words. Shak.
PHRASE, V. i. To employ peculiar expressions.
PHRASE LESS, a. Not to be expressed or described.
PHRA-SE-0-LOG'ie, I a. Peculiar in expression ; con-
PHRA-SE-O-LOG'I-eA^, sisting of a peculiar form of
woris,
PHRA-SE-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. (ppacris and Xeyo).] 1. Manner
of expression ; peculiar words used in a sentence ; dic-
tion. 2. A collection of phrases in a language.
* PHRE-NET'I€, a. [Gr. (ppeveriKos.] Subject to strong or
violent sallies of imagination or excitement j wild and
erratic ; partially mad. [It has been sometimes written
phrentic, but is now generally written, ^-aritic]
* PHRE-NET'I€, n. A person who is wild and erratic in
his imagination. Woodward.
PHREN'ie, a. [from Gr. (ppeves.] Belonging to the dia-
phragm.
PHRE-NI'-TIS'n. [Gr. ^pmrij,] 1. In meiicmc, an inflam-
mation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, at-
tended with acute fever and delirium. 2. Madness, or
partial madness ; delirium ; phrensy. [It is generally
written, in EngUsh, phrensy, or frenzy.]
PHREN-0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to phrenology.
PHREN-0-L06'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a phrenological man-
ner.
PHRE-N0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in phrenology.
PHRE-NOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. (ppvv and 'Xoyos.] 1. The science
of the human mind. Ch. Obs. 2. The science of the
mind as connected with the supposed organs of thought
and passion in the brain.
PHREN'SY, n. Madness ; delirium, or that partial madness
which manifests itself in wild and erratic sallies of the
imagination. It is written, also, frenzy.
PHREN'TI€. The same as phrenetic.
t PHRON'TIS-TER-Y, n. [Gr. (ppovTiarripiov.] A school or
seminary of learning.
PHRY6'I-AN, a. [from Phrygia.] Pertaining to Phrygia ;
an epithet applied to a sprightly, animating kmd of music.
— Phrygian stone, a Stone used in dyeing.
PHTHIS'ie, (tiz'zik) n. A popular name for an habitual or
occasional dyspnoea, or difficulty of breathing.
PHTHIS'I-€AL, (tiz'ze-kal) a. [Gr. ^0t<7t>coj.] Wasting
the flesh.
PHTHi'SIS, (thi'sis) n. [Gr. ^9ifftf.] A consumption oc-
casioned by ulcerated lungs. Coxe.
PHY-LA0TER, or PHY-LAOTER-Y, n. [Gr. (pv^aKrr,-
piov.] 1. In a general sense, any charm, spell or amulet
worn as a preservative from danger or disease. — 2. Among
the Jews, a slip of parchment on which was written some
text of Scripture, particularly of the decalogue, worn by
devout persons on the forehead, breast or neck as a mark
of their religion. — 3. Among the primitive Christians, a
case in which they inclosed the relics of the dead.
PHY-LA€'TERED, a. Wearing a phylactery j dressed like
the Pharisees. Oreen.
PHY-LA€'TER-I€, ) a. Pertaining to phylacteries.
PHY-LA€-TER'I-€AL, \ .Addison.
PHYL'LITE, n. [Gr. (pvWov and 'XiOog.] A petrified leaf,
or a mineral having tlie figure of a leaf.
PHYL-LOPH'0-ROUS, a. [Gr. <pvX\ov and (pepw.] Leaf-
bearing ; producing leaves.
PHYS'A-LITE, n. [Gr. ipvcaw and hOos.] A mineral of a
greenish- white color, a subspecies of prismatic topaz ;
called, also, pyrophysalite.
PHYS'E-TER. See Cachalot.
PHYS-I-AN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. (pvaig and avdpwnos.] The
philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitu-
tion and diseases of man, and the remedies.
PHYS'ie, 71. [Gr. (pv (71 KT}.] 1. The art of healing diseases.
2. Medicines ; remedies for diseases. — 3. In popular lan-
guage, a medicine that purges ; a purge ; a cathartic.
PHYS'ie, V. t. 1. To treat with physic ; to evacuate the
bowels with a cathartic ; to purge. 2. To cure.
PHYS'I-€AL a. 1. Pertaining to nature or natural produc-
tions, or to material things, as opposed to things moral or
imaginary 2. External; perceptible to the senses. 3.
Relating to the art of healing. 4. Having the property of
evacuating the bowels. 5. Medicinal ; promoting the
cure of diseases. 6. Resembling physic.
PHYS'I-€AL-LY, adv. I. According to nature ; by natu-
ral power or the operation of natural laws. 2. According
to the art or rules of medicine ; [o6s.]
PHY-SI"C1AN, 71. 1. A person skilled in the art of healing;
one whose profession is to prescribe remedies for diseases.
— 2. In a spiritual sense, one that heals moral diseases.
PHYS'I-€0-L06'I€, n. Logic illustrated by natural phi-
losophy.
PHYS'I-€0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to physico-logic.
[Little used.]
PHYS'I-€0-THE-0L'0-6Y, n. Theology or divinity illus-
trated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.
FHYS'IGS, 71. 1. In its nwtit extensive sense, the science of
nature or of natural objects.— 2. In the usual and more
limited sense, the science of the material system, including
natural history and philosophy.
* PHYS-I-OG'MO-MER. See PHysioGNOMisT.
PHYS-I-OG-NOM'I€, } p , ■ • , . •
PHYS-I-OG-NOM'I-€AL, \ "• Pertammg to physiognomy.
PHYS-I-0G-NOM'I€S, n. Among physicians, signs in the
countenance which indicate the state, temperament or
constitution of the body and mind.
* PHYS-I-OG'NO-MIST, n. One that is skilled in physiog-
nomy. Dryden.
* PHYS-I-OG'NO-MY, n. [Gr. (pvaioyvw^ovia.] 1. The art
or science of discerning the character of the mind from
the features of the face. Lavater. 2. The face or counte-
nance with respect to the temper of the mind ; particular
configuration, cast or expression of countenance.
PHYS-I-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. 0uo-js and ypa(pu).] A de
scription of nature, or the science of natural objects.
PHYS-I-0L'0-6ER, n. A physiologist.
ralltSiSl'SAL, i - P^'-t^^"i"g t« physiology.
PHYS-I-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the princi-
ples of physiology. Lawrence's Led.
PHYS-I-OL'0-<'ilST, 71. 1. One who is versed in the sci-
ence of living beings, or in the properties and functions
of animals and plants. 2. One that treats of physiology.
PHYS-I-OL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. (pvaioloyia.] 1. The science
of the properties and functions of animals and plants. 2.
The science of the mind. Brown.
t PHYS'NO-MY, 71. The old word for physiognomy. Spen-
fPHYS'Y, for/Msee. Locke.
PHY'TON-ESS. See Pythoness.
PHY-TIV'0-ROUS, a. [Gr. (pvrov, and L. voro.] Feeding
on plants or herbage. Ray.
PHY-T0-GRAPH'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the description
of plants.
PHY-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. (pvrov and ypa(pn.] A descrip-
tion of plants.
PHYT'O-LITE, n. [Gr. <pvrov and \idos.] A plant petri-
fied, or fossil vegetable.
PHY-T0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in plants, or skilled in
phytology ; a botanist.
PHY-T0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. (pvrov and \oyos-] A discourse oi
treatise of plants, or the doctrine of plants.
Pi'A Ma'TER. [L.] In anatomy, a thin membrane imme-
diately investing the brain. Coxe.
PI-A'BA, n. A small fresh-water fish of Brazil.
tPl'A-€LE, n. [Ju.piaculum.] An enormous crime.
PI-A€'U-LAR, ) a. [L. piacularis.] 1. Expiatory ; hav
PI-A€'U-LOUS, \ ing power to atone. 2. Requiring ex
piation. 3. Criminal ; atrociously bad.
Pi'A-NET, n. [L. pica, or picus.] 1. A bird, the lessej
woodpecker. Bailey. 2. The magpie.
Pi'A-NIST, 71. A performer on the piano-forte.
PI-A'NO-FoR'TE, n. [It. piano and forte.] A keyed musi-
cal instrument of German origin and of the harpsichord
kind, but smaller ; so called from its softer notes or ex-
pressions.
PI-AS'TER, n. [It. piastra.] An Italian coin of about 80
cents value, or 3s. 7d. sterling.
fPI-A'TION, 71. [L. piatio.] Expiation ; the act of atoning
or purging by sacrifice.
PI-AZ'ZA, 71. [It., for piazza ; Sp. plaza.] A portico or cov-
ered walk supported by arches or columns.
PIB'-€ORN, n. [W. pipe-horn.] Among the Welsh, a wind
instrument or pipe with a horn at each end.
PI'BROCH, n. [Gael, piohaireachd.] A wild, irregular spe-
cies of music, peculiar to the Highlands of Scotland. It is
performed on a bagpipe.
Pi'CA, n. 1. In ornithology, the pie or magpie. — 2. In med-
icine, a vitiated appetite. 3. A printing type of a large
size. — 4. Pica, pye or pie, formerly an ordinary, a table or
directory for devotional services ; also, an alphabetical
catalogue of names and things in rolls and records.
Pi'CA MA-Ri'NA. The sea-pye, ostralegus or oyster-
catcher ; an aquatic fowl.
PIC-A-ROON', ??. [Yr.picoreur.] A plunderer ; a pirate.
PIC'CA-DIL, Pie-CA-DIL'LY, or PICK'AR-DIL, n. A
high collar or a kind of ruff". Wilson.
PIC'CA6E, n. [Norm, pecker.] Money paid at fairs for
breaking ground for booths.
PICK, V. t. [Sax. pycan; D. pikken ; G. picken ; 'Dar\.pik-
ker j Sw. picka.] 1. To pull off" or pluck with the fingers
something that grows or adheres to another thing ; to sep-
arate by the hand. 2. To pull off" or separate witJi the
teeth, beak or claws. 3. To clean by the teeth, fingers
or claws, or by a small instrument, by separating some-
thing that adheres. 4. To take up ; to cause or seek in-
dustriously. 5. To separate or pull asunder ; to pull into
» See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE j BIJLL, UNITE ^€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in ais. f Obsolete
PIC
610
PIE
Biiiall parcels by tlie fingers ; to separate locks for loosen-
iiig and cleaning. 6. To pierce ; to strike with a pointed
instrument. 7. To strike witti the bill or beak ; to punc-
ture. 8. To steal by taking out with the fingers or hands.
9. To open by a pointed instrument. 10. To select ; to
cull ; to separate particular things from others.— To pick
out, to select. — To pick up, to take up ; to gather ; to glean.
— To pick a hole in one's coat, to find fault.
PI€K, V. i. 1. To eat slowly or by morsels ; to nibble. 2.
To do any thing nicely or by attending to small things.
PI€K, n. [Fr. piq2ie ; D. pik.] 1. A sharp-pointed tool for
digging or removing in small quantities. 2. Choice ; right
of "selection. — 3. Among printers, foul matter which col-
lects on printing types.
PI€K'A-PA€K, adv. In manner of a pack. [Vulcrar.']
PI€K'AXE, n. [pick and axe.} An axe with a sharp point
at one end and a broad blade at the other. Milton.
PieK'BA€K, a. On the back. Hudibras.
PICKED, pp. Plucked oft' by the fingers, teeth or claws ;
cleaned by picking j opened by an instrument ; selected.
PI€K'ED, 01 PIK'ED, a. Pointed ; sharp. Mortimer.
PI€K'ED-NESS, n. 1. State of being pointed at the end 5
sharpness. 2. Foppery ; spruceness.
FI€K-EER', V. t. [Fr. picorer.] 1. To pillage ; to pirate.
2. To skirmish, as soldiers on the outposts of an army, or
in pillaging parties.
PI€K'ER, n. 1. One that picks or culls. 2. A pickaxe or
instrument for picking or separating. Mortimer. 3. One
that excites a quarrel between himself and another.
PI€K'ER-EL, n. [fmmpike.l A small pike, a fish.
PICK'ER-EL-WEED, n. A plant. Walton.
Pl€K'ET, n. [Fr. piquet.] 1. A stake sharpened or point-
ed. 2. A narrow board pointed ; used in making fence.
3 A guard posted in front of an army to give notice of
the approach of the enemy. Marshall. 4. A game at
cards ; [see Piquet.] 5. A punishment which consists
in making the offender stand with one foot on a poijited
PI€K'ET, V. t. 1. To fortify with pointed stakes. 2. To
inclose or fence with narrow pointed boards. 3, To fas-
ten to a picket. Moore.
PI€K'ET-ED, pp. Fortified or inclosed with pickets.
PI€K'ET-ING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying with pickets.
PieK'ING, ppr. Pulling off with the fingers or teeth ; se-
lecting.
PI€K'ING, n. The act of plucking; selection J gathering 5
gleaning.
PI€'KLE, n. [D. pekel.] 1. Brine ; a solution of salt and
water, or simply vinegar, sometimes impregnated with
spices, in which flesh, fish or other substance is preserv-
ed. 2. A thing preserved in pickle. 3. A state or condi-
tion of difiiculty or disorder. 4. A parcel of land inclosed
with a hedge ; [local.]
PICKLE, V. t. 1. To preserve in brine or pickle. 2. To
season in pickle. 3. To imbue highly with any thing bad .
PI€'KLE-HER'RING, n. A merry-andrew ; a zany; a
buffoon. Spectator.
PI€K'LO€K, 71. 1. An instrument for opening locks
without the key. Arhuthnot. 2. A person who picks locks.
PieK'NI€K, n. An assembly where each person contrib-
utes to the entertainment. Todd.
PI€K'PO€K-ET, 71. One who steals from the pocket of an-
other Arluthnot.
P1€K'PURSE, n. One that steals from the purse of another.
Swift.
PI€K'THANK, n. An officious fellow, who does what he is
not desired to do, for the sake of gaining favor ; a whisper-
ing parasite. South.
PIOK'TOOTH, n. An instrument for picking or cleaning
the teeth. See Toothpick.
Pi'€0, n. [Sp. See Peak.] A peak ; the pointed head of a
mountain.
PI€'RO-LITE, n. A mineral. See Pikrolite.
PI€'R0-MEL, n. [Gr. nt/cpos-] The characteristic princi-
ple of bile. Ure.
PI€-RO-TOX'IN, n. [Gr. mK^og, and L. toxicum.] The
bitter and poisonous principle of the cocculus indicus.
PIGT, n. [L. pictus.] A person whose body is painted.
PlC-To'RI-AL, a. [L. pictor.] Pertaining to a painter ;
l)roducelbyapamter. £ro?/37i.
f-PieT'U-RAL, n. A representation. Spenser.
l'I€T'URE, n. [L. pictura.] 1. A painting exhibiting
the resemblance of any thing ; a likeness drawn in colors,
y. The works of painters ; painting. 3. Any resem-
blance or representation, either to the eye or to the under-
standing.
PI€T'URE, V. t. 1. To paint a resemblance. South. 2. To
represent ; to form or present an ideal likeness.
I»I€T'URE-LlKE, a. Like a picture ; according to the
manner of a picture. Shak.
l'I€T'URED, pp. Painted in resemblance ; drawn in colors ;
represented.
t PI€T'U-RER, n. A painter. Bp. Hall.
[Fr. pittoresque ; It. pittoresco.l
)f
PICT-U-RESdUE',
PI€T-U-RESK', ^ Expressing that peculiar kind of
beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or artifi-
cial ; striking the mind with great power or pleasure in
representing objects of vision, and in painting to the im-
agination any circumstance or event as cleaiiy as if de-
lineated in a picture. Gray.
PICT-U-RESaUE'LY, ) adv. In a picturesque manner.
PI€T-U-RESK'LY, \ Montgomery.
PI€T-U-RESaUE'NESS, ) n. The state of being pictu-
PI€T-U-RESK'NESS, \ resque. Price.
PID'DLE, V. i. [This is a different sowing of peddle.] 1. To
deal in trifles ; to spend time on trifling objects ; to attend
to trivial concerns or the small parts rather than 10 the
main. 2. To pick at table ; to eat squeamishly or without
appetite.
PID'DLER, n. 1. One who busies himself about little
tilings. 2. One that eats squeamislily or without appetite
PlE, 71. [Ir. pighe.] An article of food consisting of paste
baked with something in it or under it, as apple, minced
_meat, &:c.
PlE, ?i. [L. pica.] 1. The magpie, a party-colored bud of
the genus corvus. It is sometimes written pye. 2. The
old popish service book. 3. Printers' types mixed or
unsorted. — Cock and pie, an adjuration by the pie or ser-
vice book, and by the sacred name of the Deity cor-
rupted.
PlE'BALD, a. [Sp. pio.] Of various colors; diversified in
color"; ixs a. piebald horse. Pope.
PIECE,?). [Fr. piece.] 1. A fragment or part of any thing
sepaj-aled from the whole, in any manner, by cutting,
spliting, breaking or tearing. 2. A part of any thing,
though not separated, or separated only in idea ; not the
whole ; a portion. 3. A distinct part or quantity. 4. A
separate part ; a thing or portion distinct from others of a
like kind. 5. A composition, essay or writing of no great
length. 6. A separate performance ; a distinct portion of
labor. 7. A picture or painting. 8. A coin. 9. A gun
or single part of ordnance. — 10. In heraldry, an ordinary
or charge. — 11. In ridicule or contempt, apiece of a lawyer
is a smatterer. 12. A castle; a building ; [obs.] Spenser.
— i-piece, to each; as, he paid the men a dollar a-piece. —
Of a piece, like ; of the same sort, as if taken from the
same whole. Dryden.
PIeCE, v. t. To enlarge or mend by the addition of a piece ;
to patch. Shak.— To piece out, to extend or enlarge by ad-
dition of a piece or pieces. Temple.
PIeCE, v. i. To unite by coalescence of parts ; to be com-
pacted, as parts into a whole.
PIeCED, pp. Mended or enlarged by a piece or pieces.
PIeCE'LESS, a. Not made of pieces ; consisting of an en-
tire thing. Donne.
t PIeCE'L_Y, adv. In pieces. Huloet.
PIeCE'MeAL, adv. [piece, and Sax. md. Q.U.] ] . In pieces :
in fragments. 2. By pieces ; by little and little in succes-
sion .
PIeCE'MeAL, a. Single ; separate ; made of parts or
pieces. South.
PIeCE'MeALED, a. Divided into small pieces.
PlE'CER, n. One that pieces ; a patcher.
PlED, a. Variegated with spots of different colors ; spot-
ted.
PlED'NESS, n. Diversity of colors in spots. Shak.
PIeLED, a. [See Peel.] Bald ; bare.
PIeP, v.i. To cry like a young bird. Huloet.
PIeTOU-DRE, 71. [Fr. pied and poudreux.] An ancient
court of record in England, incident to every fair and
market.
PIeR, 7!. [Sax. per, pere.] 1. Amass of solid stone-work
for supporting an arch or the timbers of a bridge or other
building. 2. A mass of stone-work or a mole projecting
into the sea, for breaking the force of the waves and mak-
ing a safe harbor. 3. A mass of solid work between the
windows of a room,
PIeR'GLASS, n. A glass which hangs against a pier, be-
tween windows.
* PIERCE, (pers, or peers) v. t. [Fr. percer.] 1. To thrust
into with a pointed instrument. 2. To penetrate ; to en-
ter ; to force a way into. 3. To penetrate the heart deep-
ly ; to touch the passions ; to excite or affect the pas-
sions. 1 Tim. vi. 4. To dive or penetrate into, as a secret
or purpose.
* PIERCE, (pers, or peers) v. i. 1. To enter, as a pointed
instrument. 2. To penetrate ; to force a way into or
through any thing. 3. To enter ; to dive or penetrate, as
into a secret. 4. To affect deeply.
* PIERCE'A-BLE, (pers'a-bl, or peers'a-bl) a. Tl»at may
be pierced.
* PIERCED, pp. Penetrated; entered by force; trans-
fixed.
* PIER'CER, (pers'er, or peers'er) n. 1. An instrument that
pierces, penetrates or bores. 2. One that pierces or per-
forates.
*PIER'CING, (pers'ing, or peers'ing) ppr. 1. Penetrating,
* See Synopsis. A, E, l, O, tJ, Y, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
PIL
Gil
PIL
tntering, as a pointed instrument ; making a way by force
into another body. 2. Affecting deeply. 3. a. Affect-
ing ; cutting \ keen.
* PlER'CIiVG-LY, (pers'ing-ly, or pSers'ing-ly) adv. With
penetrating force or effect ; sharply.
* PIEE,'CING-NESS, (pers'ing-nes, or peers'ing-nes) n.
The power of piercing or penetrating ; sharpness ; keen-
ness. Derham.
PI'ET, or Pi'OT, n. [from pie.] A magpie.
PI'E-TISM, n. Extremely strict devotion, or affectation of
piety. Frey.
Pi'E-TIST, n. One of a sect professing great strictness and
purity of life. Burnet.
Pi'E-TY, 71. [L. pietas ; Fr. piete.] 1. Piety in principle
is a compound of veneration or reverence of the Supreme
Being and love of his character, or veneration accompa-
nied with love ; and piety in practice is the exercise of
these affections in obedience to his will and devotion to
his service. 2. Reverence of parents or friends, accom-
panied with affection and devotion to their honor and
happiness.
PI-E-ZOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. T:ie^u) and iierpov.] An instru-
ment for ascertaining the compressibility of water. Per-
kins.
PIG, n. [D. big.] 1. The young of swine. 2. An oblong
mass of unforged iron, lead or other metal.
PIG, V. t, or i. To bring forth pigs.
PI6'E0N, (pid'jun) n. [Fr.] A fowl of the genus columha.
PIG'EON-FOOT, n. A plant. Ainsworth.
PI6'E0N-HEART'ED, a. Timid j easily frightened. Beau-
mont.
PiG'EON-HoLE, 7!. A little apartment or division in a
case for papers.
PiG'EON-HoLES, n. An old English game in which balls
were rolled through little cavities or arches.
PIG'EON-LIV-ERED, a. Mild in temper ; soft ; gentle.
PIG'EON-Pe A, n. A plant of the genus cytisus.
PIG'GIN, n. [Scot, a milking pail.] A small wooden vessel
with an erect handle, used as a dipper.
PIG'HEAD-ED, a. Having a large head ; stupid.
fPlGHT, (pite) pp. [Scot, pight^ or picht ; from pitch.]
Pitched ; fixed ; determined. Shak.
t PiGHT, V. t. [W. pigaw.] To pierce. TVickliffe.
PiGH'TEL, n. A little inclosure. [Local]
* PIG'ME-AN, a. [See Pygmean.] Very small j like a pigmy.
PIG'MENT, n. [L. pigmentum.] Paint ; a preparation
used by painters, dyers, &:c. to impart colors to bodies.
PIG'MY, 71. [It., Sp., Port, pigmeo ; IL.pygmmus.] A dwarf ;
a person oi very small stature.
PIG'MY, a. Very small in size ; mean ; feeble ; inconsider-
able.
PIG-NO-Ra'TION, 71. [L. pignero.] The act of pledging or
pawning.
PIG'NO-RA-TlVE, a. Pledging ; pawning. [L. u.] Diet.
PIG'NUT, 71. [pig and nut.] The ground-nut 5 also, a tree
and its fruit of the genus juglans.
PIGS'NEY, n. [Sax. piga, a little girl.] A word of endear-
ment to a girl. [Little used.] Hudihras.
PIG'TAIL, 71. 1. A cue ; the hair of the head tied in the
form of a pig's tail. 2. A small roll of tobacco.
PIG-WID'6EON, n [pig and widgeon.] A fairy ; a cant
word for any thing very small.
PIKE, n. [This word belongs to a numerous family of
words expressing something pointed, or a sharp point, or,
as verbs, to Sax. piic ; Fr. pique, piquer.] 1. A military
weapon consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with a
flat steel head pointed ; called the spear. 2. A fork used '
in husbandry. Tusser. — 3. Among turners, the iron sprigs
used to fasten any thing to be turned. — 4. In ichthyology,
a fish of the genus esox.
PIK'ED, a. Ending in a point ; acuminated. Camden.
PiKE'LET, } n. A light cake ; a kind of muffin. Seward's
PiKE'LIN, \ Letters.
PiKE'MAN, n. A soldier armed with a pike. Knolles.
PiKE'STaFF, re. The staff or shaft of a pike. Tatler.
PIK'RO-LITE, 71. [qu. Gr. 7Tt*:pos and XtOo?.] A mineral.
ri-LAS'TER, 71. [lX.pilastro;"£'x.pilastre.] A square col-
umn, sometimes insulated ; but usually pilasters are set
within a wall, projecting only one quarter of their diam-
eter.
t PILCH, 71. [It. pelliccia; Fr. pelisse.] A furred gown or
case ; something lined with fur. Shak.
PIL'CHARD, n. [Ir. pilseir.] A fish resembling the her-
ring, but thicker and rounder.
PILCH'ER, 7!. [Sax. pylece ; Fr. pellice.] 1. A furred gown
or case ; any thing lined with fur. Shak. 2, A fish like
a herring, much caught in Cornwall. Milton.
PILE, n. [Sp., It. pita; Fr. pile.] 1. Aheap; amass or
collection of things in a roundish or elevated form. 2. A
collection of combustibles for burning a dead body. 3. A
large building or mass of buildings ; an edifice. 4. A
heap of balls or shot laid in horizontal courses, rising into
a pyramidical form
See Synopsia MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;- BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH a.^ in this, f
PILE, n. [D. paal ; Sw., Dan. pil.] I. A large stake or
piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth. 2.
One side of a coin ; originally, a punch or puncheon used
in stamping figures on coins, and containing the figures
to be impressed. — 3. In heraldry, an ordinary in form of
a point inverted or a stake sharpened.
PILE, 71. [B.pyl; J)au.,Sw. pil ; 1,. pilum.] The head of
an Eirrow.
PILE, 71. [L. pilus.] Properly, a hair ; the fibre of wool,
cotton and the like ; the nap, the fine, hairy substance of
the surface of cloth.
PILE, V. t.l. To lay or throw into a heap ; to collect many
things into a mass. 2. To bring into an aggregate ; to
accumulate. 3. To fill with something heaped. 4. To
fill above the brim or top. 5. To break off the awns of
threshed barley ; [local.]
PIL'E-ATE, / a. [L. pileus.] Having the form of a cn.p
PIL'E-A-TED, j or cover for the head.
t PiLE'MENT, 71. An accumulation. Hall
PiL'ER, 71. One who piles or forms a heap.
Piles, n. plu. The hemorrhoids, a disease.
PiLE'WoRM, 71. A worm found in piles in Holland.
PiLE'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus ranunculus.
PILFER, V. i. [W. yspeiliata ; Sp. pellizcar.] To steal in
small quantities ; to practice petty theft.
PIL'FER, V. t. To steal or gain by petty theft 5 to filch.
FILTERED, pp. Stolen in small parcels.
PIL'FER-ER, n. One that pilfers. Young.
PIL'FER-ING, ppr. Stealing ; practicing petty thefts.
PIL'FER-ING, n. Petty theft. Shak.
PIL'FER-ING-LY, adv. With petty theft; filchingly.
PIL'FER-Y, n. Petty theft. L' Estrange.
PIL'-GaR-LI€K, or PILLED'-GaR-LI€K, n. One who
has lost his hair by disease ; a poor, forsaken wretch. Ste-
vens.
PIL'GRIM, 71. [G. pilger ; Fr. pelerin.] 1. A wanderer ; a
traveler ; one that travels to a distance from his own coun-
try to visit a holy place, or to pay his devotion to the re-
mains of dead saints. — 2. In Scripture, one that has only
a temporary residence on earth. Heb. xi.
t PIL'GRIM, v.i. To wander or ramble. Grew.
PIL'GRIM-AGE, 7?. 1. a long journey , particularly a journey
to some place deemed sacred and venerable, in order to
pay devotion to the relics of some deceased saint. — 2. In
Scripture, the journey of human life. Gen.x\\i\. 3. Time
irksomely spent. Shak.
fPIL'GRIM-iZE, V. i. To wander about as a pilgrim.
PILL, 71. [L. pila, pilula.] 1. In pharmacy, a medicine in
the form of a little ball, to be swallowed whole. 2. Any
thing nauseous. Young.
PILL, V. t. [Fr. piller.] To rob; to plunder; to pillage,
that is, to peel, to strip.
PILL, V. i. 1. To be peeled ; to come off m flakes. Dryden.
2. To rob; see Peel.
PILL' AGE, n. [Fr.] 1. Plunder; spoil; that which is
taken from another by open force, particularly and chiefly,
from enemies in war. 2. The act of plundering. — 3. In
architecture, a square pillar behind a column to bear up
the arches.
PILL' AGE, V. t. To strip of money or goods by open vio
lence ; to plunder ; to spoil.
PILL'AGED, pp. Plundered by open force.
PILL'A-GER, 71. One that plunders by open violence.
PILL'A-GING, ppr. Plundering ; stripping. -
PIL'LAR, 71. [Fr. pilier ; Sp., Port, pilar.] 1. A kind of
irregular column, round and insulated, but deviating from
the proportions of a just column. 2. A supporter ; that
which sustains or upholds ; that on which some super
structure rests. 3. A monument raised to comnaemorat©
any person or remarkable transaction. 4. Something re
sembling a pillar. Oen. xix. 5. Foundation ; support
Job ix. — 6. In ships, a square or round timber fixed per-
pendicularly under the middle of the beams for supporting
the decks. — 7. In the manege, the centre of the volta,
ring or manege-ground, around which a horse turns.
PIL'LARED, a. 1. Supported by pillars. Milton. 2. Having
the form of a pillar. Thomson.
t PILL'ER, n. One that pills or plunders. Chaucer.
t PILL'ER-Y, n. Plunder ; pillage ; rapine. Huloet.
PILL'ION, (pil'yun) n. [Ix.pillin.] 1. A cushion for a wo-
man to ride on behind a person on horseback. 2. A pad ;
a pannel ; a low saddle. 3. The pad of a saddle that rests
on the horse's back.
PIL'LO-RIED, a. Put in a pillory.
PIL'LO-RY, 71. [Ir. pilori, pioloir ; Fr. pilori.] A frame of
wood erected on posts, with movable boards and holes,
through which are put the head and hands of a criminal
for punishment.
PIL'LO-RY, V. t. To punish with the pillory.
PIL'LoW, n. [Sax. pile, or pyle.] 1. A long cushion to sup
port the head of a person when reposing on a bed ; a sack
or case filled with feathers, down or other soft materiril. —
2. In a ship, the block on which the inner end of a bow-
sprit is supported.
Obsolete.
FIN
612
PIO
riL'LSW, V. t. To rest or lay on for support. Mlton.
PIL'LoW-BIeR, } n. The case or sack of a pillow which
PJL'LoW-€ASE, \ contains the feathers.
PIL'LoWED, pp. or a. Supported by a pillow.
PIL'LoW-ING, ppr. Resting or laying on a pillow.
PI-LoSE' \ 't -7 1 tr •
PI'LOUS, \ "•■ t^- P^io^^-] Hairy
PI-LOS'I-TF, 71. Hairiness. Bacon.
Pi'LOT, n. [Fr. pilote.l 1. One whose oflSce or occupation
is to steer ships, particularly along a coast, or into and out
of a harbor, bay or river, where navigation is dangerous.
_2. A guide ; a director of the course of another person.
Pi'LOT, v. t. To direct the course of a ship in any place
where navigation is dangerous.
Pi'LOT-AGE, n. 1. The compensation made or allowed to
one who directs the course of a ship. 2. The pilot's skill ;
[ois.] Raleiffh.
Pi LOT-FISH, n. A fish, a species of gasterosteus.
PI LOT-ING, ppr. Steering ; as a ship in dangerous naviga-
tion.
PI LOT-ING, n The act of steering a ship.
I PI'LOT-RY^' i "• I'i^otage ; skill in piloting.
PILOUS, a. [L.pilosus.] 1. Hairy; abounding with hair.
Robinson. 2. Consisting of hair.
PIL'SER, n. The moth or fly that runs into a flame.
PIM'E-LITE, 71. [Gr. jti/xeXt? and \lBos.'\ A terrene sub-
stance of an apple-green color. •
Pi'MENT, 71. Wine with a mixture of spice or honey.
PI-MEN'TO, 71. [Sp. pimienta.'] Jamaica pepper, popularly
called allspice. Encyc.
PIMP, 71. A man who provides gratifications for the lust of
others ; a procurer ; a pander. Addison.
PIMP, V. i. To pander ; to procure lewd women for the
gratification of others.
PIM'PER-JN'EL, or PIM'PI-NEL, 71. [L. pimpinella ; Fr.
pimprenelle.] The name of several plants. Lee.
PIM'PIL-LO, 71. A plant of the genus cactus.
PIM-PI-NEL'LA, 71. A genus of plants.
PIMP'ING, ppr. Pandering ; procuring lewd women for
others.
PIMP'ING, a. Little ; petty. Skinner.
PIM'PLE, 71. [Sax. j7i7i;)eZ.i A small pustule on the face or
other part of the body, usually a red pustule.
PIM'PLED, a. Having red pustules on the skin ; full of
pimples.
PIxMP'LiKE, a. Like a pimp ; vile ; infamous ; mean.
PIN, 71. [W.pin.] 1. A small pointed instrument made of
brass wire and headed ; used chiefly by females for fast-
ening their clothes. 2. A piece of wood or metal sharp-
ened or pointed, used to fasten together boards, plank or
other timber. 3. A thing of little value. 4. A linchpin.
5. The central part. 6. A peg used in musical instru-
ments in straining and relaxing the strings. 7. A note or
strain ; [vulgar.] 8. A horny induration of the mem-
branes of the eye. 9. A cylindrical roller made of wood.
10. A noxious humor in a hawk's foot. 11. The pin of a
Mock is the axis of the sheave.
PIN, V. t. [W. piniaw.] 1. To fasten with a pin or with
pins of any kind. 2. To fasten ; to make fast ; or to join
and fasten together. 3. To inclose ; to confine ; [see Pen
and Pound.] Hooker.
PI-NAS'TER, 71. [L. See Pine.] The wild pine.
PIN'€ASE, n. A case for holding pins.
PIN'CERS, ) 71. An instrument for drawing nails from
PINCH'ERS, \ boards and the like, or for griping things
to be held fast.
PINCH, V. t. [Fr. pincer.l 1. To press hard or squeeze be-
tween the ends of the fingers, the teeth, claws, or with
an instrument, &c. 2. To squeeze or compress between
any two hard bodies. 3, To squeeze the flesh till it is
pained or livid. 4. To gripe ; to straiten ; to oppress with
want. 5. To pain by constriction ; to distress. 6. To
press ; to straiten by difficulties. 7. To press hard ; to
try thoroughly.
PINCH, V. i. 1. To act with pressing force ; to bear hard ;
to be puzzling. 2. To spare ; to be straitened ; to be covet-
ous.
PINCH, 71. 1. A close compression with the ends of the fin-
gers. 2. A gripe ; a pang. 3. Distress inflicted or suffer-
ed ; pressure ; oppression. 4, Straits ; difficulty ; time of
distress from want.
PINCH'BECK, 71 [said to be from the name of the inventor.]
An alloy of copper ; a mixture of copper and zink, con-
sisting of three or four parts of copper with one of zink.
PINCH'ER, 71. He or that which pinches.
PINCh'pEN-NY, S «• ^ ™i^^'' 5 a niggard.
PIN'€TJSH-ION, (pin-kush'un) 71. A small case stuffed with
some'soft material, in which females stick pins for safety
and preservation.
PIN-DAR'I€, a. After the style and manner of Pindar.
PIN-D AR'IC, 71. An od« in imitation of the odes of Pindar ;
an irregular ode. Addison.
PLN'DUST, n. Small particles of metal made by pointing
pins. Digby.
PINE, 71. (Fr, pin ; Sp,, It. pino j L. pinus ] A tree of the
genus pinus, of many species.
PINE, V. i. [Sax. pinan.] 1. To languish ; to lose flesh or
wear away xmder any distress or anxiety of mind ; to
grow lean, 2. To languish with desure ; to waste away
with longing for something.
PINE, V. t. 1. To wear out ; to make to languish. Dryden.
2. To grieve for ; to bemoan in silence. Milton.
t PINE, 71. [Sax. pin ; D. pyn.] Wo ; want ; penury ; mis-
_ery, Spenser. See Pain.
PiNE'-BAR-RENS, 71. A term applied, in the Southern
States, to tracts of level country covered with pine trees.
Pick. Voc.
PIN'E-AL, a. [Fr. pineale.] The pineal gland is a part of
the brain, about the bigness of a pea, situated in the third
ventricle ; so called from its shape.
PiNE'-AP-PLE, 71. The ananas, so called from its resem-
blance to the cone of the pine tree. Locke.
tPlNE'FUL, a. Full of wo. Hall.
JPlN'ER-Y, 71. A place where pine-apples are raised.
PIN'-FEATH-ER, 71 A small or short feather.
PIN'-FEATH-ERED, a. Having the feathers only begin-
ning_to shoot ; not fully fledged. Dryden.
PIN'FoLD, 71. [pin, or pen, and fold.] A place in which
beasts are confined. We now call it a pound.
fPIN'GLE, 71. A small close. Ainsworth.
t PIN'GUID, d. [L. pinguis.] Fat ; unctuous.
PIN'HoLE, 71. A small hole made by the puncture or per-
foration of a pin ; a very small aperture.
PiN'ING, ppr. Languishing ; wasting away.
PIN'ION, (pin'yun) n. [Fi.pignon.] 1. The joint of a fowl's
wing, remotest from the body. 2. A feather; a quill. 3.
A wing. 4. The tooth of a smaller wheel, answering to
that of a larger. 5. Fetters or bands for the arms.
PIN'ION, (pin'yun) v. t. 1. To bind or confine the wings.
2. To confine by binding the wings. 3. To cut off' the
first joint of the wing. 4. To bind or confine the arm or
arms to the body. 5. To confine ; to shackle ; to chain.
6. To bind ; to fasten to.
PIN'IONED, pp. 1. Confined by the wings ; shackled. 2.
a. Furnished with wings. Dryden.
t PIN'ION-IST, 71. A winged animal ; a fowl. Brown.
PIN-I-Ro'LO, 71, A bird resembling the sandpiper.
PIN'ITE, 71. [from Pi?ii, a mine in Saxony.] A mineral.
PINK, 71. [W. pi7ic.] 1. An eye, or a small eye ; but now
disused, except in composition. 2. A plant and flower.
3. A color used by painters ; from the color of the flower.
4. Any thing supremely excellent. 5. [Fi. pinque ; D
pink.]' A ship with a very narrow stern. 6. A fish, the
minnow.
PINK, V. t. 1. To work in eyelet-holes ; to pierce with
small holes. 2. To stab ; to pierce. Addison.
fPINK, v.i. [If.pinken.] To wink. L'Estrange.
PINK'-EYED, a. Having small eyes. Holland.
PINK'-NEE-DLE, ?i. A shepherd's bodkin. Sherwood.
PINK'-STERNED, a. Having a very naiTow stern, as a
ship. Mar. Diet.
PIN'-Ma-KER, 71. One whose occupation is to make pins.
PIN'-M6N-EY, 71. A sum of money allowed or settled on a
wife for her private expenses. Addison.
PIN'NACE, 71. [Sp. pinaza ; Fr. pinasse.] A small vessel
navigated with oars and sails ; also, a boat usually rowed
with eight oars.
PIN'NA-€LE, 71. [Fr. pinacle ; It, pinacolo.] 1. A turret,
or a part of a building elevated above the main building.
Milton. 2. A high spiring point ; summit. Cowley.
PIN'NA-€LE, V. t. To build or furnish with pinnacles.
PIN'NA-€LED,pp. Furnished with pinnacles.
fPIN'NAGE, 71. Poundage of cattle. See Pound.
PIN'NATE, ) a. [L. pinnatu^.] In botany, a pinnate leaf
PIN'NA-TED, S is a species of compound leaf wherein a
simple petiole has several leaflets attached to each side
of it.
PIN'NA-TI-FID, a. [L. pinna and findc] In botany, feath-
Gr-clcft
PINNA-TI-PED, a. [L. pimia and pes.] Fin-footed ; hav-
ing the toes bordered by membranes. Latham.
PINNED, pp. Fastened with pins ; confined.
PIN'NER, 71. 1. One that pins or fastens ; also, a pounder of
cattle, or the pound-keeper. 2. A pin-maker. 3. The
lappet of a head which flies loose.
PIN'NITE, 71. Fossil remains of the^t7i7ia. Jameson.
PIN'NOCK, 71. A small bird, the tomtit. Ainswm-th.
PIN'NU-LATE, a. Apinnulate leaf is one in which each
pinna is subdivided. Martyn.
PINT, 71. [D. pint ; Fr. pinte ; Sp. pinta.] Half a quart, or
four gUls. — In medicine, twelve ounces.
PIN'TLE, 71. A little pin, — In artillery, a long iron bolt.
PIN'ULES, 71. plu. In astronomy, the sights of an astrolabe.
Pi'NY, a. Abounding with pine trees. May.
Pl-0-NEER', 71. [Fr. pionnier.] 1. In the art of war, one
whose business is to march with or before an army, to
Se? Synopsis. A, E, I, E, U, Y, long—FkU, F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY :— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
PIR
0)13
PIT
repair tlie road or clear it of obstructions. 2. One that goes
before to remove obstructions or prepare the way for an-
other.
Pi'O-NING, n. The work of pioneers. Spenser.
Pi'O-NY, or Pe'O-N Y, n. [Sax. pionie ; L. pcBonia.] A plant,
bearing large, beautiful red flowers.
Pi'OUS, a. [Ij. pius ; Fr. pieux.] 1. Godly; reverencing
and honoring the Supreme Being in heart and in the prac-
tice of the duties he has enjoined ; religious ; devoted to
the service of God. 2. Dictated by reverence to God ;
proceeding from piety. 3. Having due respect and affec-
tion for parents or other relatives. Pope. 4. Practiced un-
der the pretense of religion.
Pi'OUS-L Y, adv. 1. In a pious manner ; with reverence and
affection for God; religiously. 2. With due regard to
natural or civil relations.
PIP, n. [D. pip ; Fr. pepie.] 1. A disease of fowls ; a horny
pellicle that grows on the tip of their tongue. 2. A spot on
cards. Addison.
PIP, V. i. [L. pipio ,' W. pipian ; Dan. piper.] To cry or chirp,
as a chicken ; commonly pronounced pee;). Boyle.
PIPE, n. [Sax. pipe ; W. pib ; Fr. pipe.] 1. A wind instrument
of music, consisting of a long tube of wood or metal. 2. A
long tube or hollow body. 3. A tube of clay with a bowl
at one end ; used in smoking tobacco. 4. The organs of
voice and respiration. 5. The key or sound of the voice.
— 6. In England, a roll in the exchequer, or the exchequer
itself. 7. A cask containing two hogsheads, or 120 gal-
lons, used for wine ; or the quantity which it contains. —
8. In mining, a pipe is where the ore runs forward end-
wise in a hole, and does not sink downwards or in a
vein.
PIPE, V. i. 1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute or other tubular
wind instrument of music. Drydcn. Swift. 2. To have a
shrill sound ; to whistle. Shak.
PIPE, V. t. To play on a wind instrument. 1 Cor. xiv.
Piped, a. Formed with a tube ; tubular. Encyc.
PiPE'-FISH, 71. A fish of the genus syngnathus.
PiP'ER, n. One who plays on a pipe or wind instrument.
PIP'ER-IDGE, 71. A shrub, the berberis, or barberry.
PIP'ER-IN, 71. 1. A concretion of volcanic ashes. 2. A pe-
culiar crystaline substance extracted from black pepper.
PiPE'-TREE, 71. The lilac
PiP'ING, ppr. I. Playing on a pipe. 2. a. Weak ; feeble ;
sickly ; [vulgar.] 3. Very hot ; boilmg ; from the sound
of boiling fluids; [vulgar.]
PI-PIS'TREL, 71. A species of small bat.
PIP'KIN, n. [dim. of pipe.] A small earthen boiler.
PIP'PIN, 71. ID. pippelbig.] A kind of apple ; a tart apple.
PIQ,U'AN-GY, (pik'an-sy/ n. Sharpness ; pungency ; tart-
ness; severity. Barrow.
PICiU'ANT, (pik ant) a. [Fr., frompiguer.] 1 . Pricking ; stim-
ulating to the tongue. 2. Sharp ; tart ; pungent ; severe.
PiaU'ANT-LY, (pik'ant-ly) adv. With sharpness ; tartly.
PiQ,UE, (peek) n. [Fr.] 1. An offense taken; usually,
slight anger. 2. A strong passion. 3. Point ; nicety ;
punctilio.
PiaUE, (peek) v. t. [Fr.piquer.] 1. To offend ; to nettle ; to
irritate ; to sting ; to fret ; to excite a degree of anger. 2.
To stimulate ; to excite to action ; to touch with envy, jeal-
ousy or other passion. 3. With the reciprocal pronoun, to
pride or value one's self.
PiClUE, (peek) v. i. To cause irritation. Tatler.
PiaUED, (peekt) pp. Irritated ; nettled ; offended ex-
cited.
PiaU-EER'. See Pickeer.
PiaU-EER'ER, 7^. A plunderer; a freebooter. [See Pick-
EERER.] Swift.
PiaU'ET. See Picket.
PI-aUET', (pe-kef) n. [Fr.] A game at cards.
PlOU'ING, (peek'ing) ppr. trritating ; offending ; priding.
Pi'RA-CY, 7U [Fi-. piraterie i Ij. piratic a.] 1. The act, prac-
tice or crime of robbing on the high seas ; the taking of
property from others by open violence and without au-
thority on the sea ; a crime that answers to robbery on
land. 2. The robbing of another by taking his writings.
I'l'RATE, n. [It. pirato i L., Sp. pirata.] 1. A robber on
the high seas. 2. An armed ship or vessel which sails
without a legal commission, for the purpose of plundering
other vessels indiscriminately on the high seas. 3. A
bookseller that seizes the copies or writings of other men
without permission.
Pi'RATE, v. i. To rob on the high seas. Arbuthnot.
Pi'RATE, V. t. To take by theft or without right or permis-
sion, as books or writings. Pope.
Pi'RA-TED, pp. Taken by theft or without right.
Pi'RA-TING, ppr. 1. Robbing on the high seas ; taking
without right, as a book or writing. 2. a. Undertaken for
the sake of piracy.
PI-RAT'I-€AL, a. [L. piraticus.] 1. Robbing or plunder-
ing by open violence on the high seas. 2. Consisting in
piracv ; predatory ; robbing. 3. Practicing literary theft.
PI-RAt'I-€AL-LY, adv. By piracy. Bryant.
PI-ROGUE', or PI-RA'GUA, (pi-roge', or pi-raw'gua) n.
[Sp. piragua.] I. A canoe formed out of the trunk cf a
tree, or two canoes united.— 2. In modern risare in Ameri-
ca., a narrow ferry-boat carrying two masts and a lee
board.
t PIR'RY, n. A rough gale of wind ; a storm. Ehjot.
PIS'€A-RY, n. [It. pescheria.] In law, the right or privilege
of fishing in another man's waters. Blackstone.
PIS-€a'T10N, 71. [L. piscatio.] The act of fishing.
PIS'€A-TO-RY, a. [L. piscatorius.] Relating to fishes or to
fishing. Addison.
PIS'CES, 71. plu. [L. piscis.] In astronomy, the Fishes, the
twelfth sign or constellation in the zodiac.
PIS'CINE, a. [L. piscis.] Pertaining to fish or fishes.
PIS-CIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. piscis and voro.] Feeding or sub •
sisting on fishes.
PISH, exclam. A word expressing contempt ; sometimes
spoken and written pshaw.
PISH, v. i. To express contempt. Pope.
PISI-FORM, a. [L. pisum and/or7«a.] Having the form ol
a pea. Kir-wan.
PIS'MlRE, 71. [Sw. myra ; Dan. myre ; D. mier.] The in-
sect called the ant or emmet. Prior. Mortimer.
PIS'0-LITE, n. [Gr. -Kiaov and \Ld05.] Peastone.
PIS'O-PHALT, n. Pea-mineral or mineral-pea.
PISS, v. t. [D.. G. pissen ; Dan. pisser ; Fr. pi:--<er.] To dis-
charge the liquor secreted by the kidneys and lodged in
the urinary bladder.
PISS, n. Urine ; the liquor secreted in the bladder.
PISS'A-BED, 71. The vulgar name of a yellow flower.
PIS'SA-SPHALT, n. [Gr. Triaaa and aacpaXrog ; Sp. pisa-
sfalto.] Earth-pitch ; pitch mixed with bitumen.
PISS'BURNT, a. Stained with urine.
PIST, or PISTE, 71. [Fr. piste.] The track or foot-print of a
horseman on the ground he goes over.
PIS-Ta'CHIo, 71. [Fr. pistache; It. pistacchio.] The nut of
the pistacia terebintkus, or turpentine tree.
PIS'TA-CITE, or PIS'TA-ZITE. See Epidote.
PIS-TA-REEN', n. A silver coin of the value of 17 or 18
cents, or 9d. sterling.
PIS'TIL, 71. [L. pistiUum.] In botany, the pointal, an organ
of female flowers adhering to the fruit for the reception of
the pollen.
PIS-TIL-La'CEOUS, a. Growing on the germ or seed-bud
of a flower. Barton.
PIS'TIL-LATE, a. Having or consisting in a pistil.
PIS-TIL-L A'TION, 7t. [L. pistillum.] The act of pounding
in a mortar. [Little used.]
PIS-TIL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [pisiiZ, and L./e»-o.] Having a
pistil without stamens ; as a female flower.
PIS'TOL, 71. [Fr. pistole, pistolct.] A small fire-arm.
PIS'TOL, v. t. [Fr. pistuler.] To shoot with a pistol.
PIS-ToLE', 71. [Fr.] A gold coin of Spain, but current in
the neighboring countries.
PIS'TO-LET, 71. [Fr.] A little pistol.
PIS'TON, 7). [Fr., Sp.pisio7!.] A short cylinder of metal
or other solid substance, used in pumps and other engine?
or machines for various purposes.
PIT, n. [Sax. pit, or pyt ; Ir. pit.] 1. An artificial cavity maae
in the earth by digging ; a deep hole in the earth. 2. A
deep place ; an abyss ; profundity. 3. The grave. Ps.
xxviii. 4. The area for cock-fighting. 5. The middle
part of a theatre. 6. The hollow of the body at the
stomach. 7. The cavity under the shoulder ; as, the arm-
pit. 8. A dint made by impression on a soft substance,
as by the finger, &c. 9. A little hollow in the flesh, made
by a pustule, as in the small-pox. 10. A hollow place in
the earth excavated for catching wild beasts. 11. Great
distress and misery, temporal, spiritual or eternal. Ps. xl.
12. Hell ; as, the bottomless pit. Rev. xx.
PIT, v.t. 1. To indent ; to press into hollows. 2. To mark
with little hollows. 3. To set in competition, as in com-
bat. Madison.
PIT-A-Ha'YA, 71. A shrub of California. Encyc.
PIT'A-PAT, ado. In a flutter ; with palpitation or quick
succession of beats ; as, his heart went pitapat.
PIT'A-PAT, n. A light quick step. Dryden.
PITCH, n. [Sax. pic ; D. pik ; G. peck.] 1. A thick tenacious
substance, the juice of a species of pine or fir called abies
picea. obtained by incision from the bark of the tree. 2.
The resin of pine, or turpentine, inspissated ; used in
calking ships and paying the sides and bottom.
PITCH, 71, [W.pig.] 1. Literally, apoint; hence, any point
or degree of elevation. 2. Highest rise. 3. Size ; stature.
4. Degree ; rate. 5. The point where a declivity begins,
or the declivity itself; descent ; slope. 6. The degree of
descent or declivity. 7. A descent ; a fall ; a thrusting
down. 8. Degree of elevation of the key-note of a tune
or of any note.
PITCH, V. t. [formerly pight ; W. piciaw ; D. pikken ; G.
pichen.] 1. To throw or thrust, and, primarily, to thrust a
long or pointed object ; hence, to fix ; to plant ; to set. 2.
To throw at a point. 3. To throw headlong. 4. To
throw with a fork. 5. To regulate or set the key-note of
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE i-B{JLL, UNITE.— € as K , 6 as J j S as Z i CH as SH j TH as in this, t Obsolete ,
PIT
614
PLA
a tune in music. 6- To set in array ; to marshal or ar-
range in order ; used chiefly in the participle ; as a pitched
battle. 7. [from pitch.] To smear or pay over with pitch.
f ITCH, v.i. J . To light ; to settle ; to come to rest from
flight 2. To fall headlong. 3. To plunge. 4. To fall ;
to fix choice. 5. To fix a tent or temporary habitation ;
to encamp. — 6. In navigation, to rise and fall, as the head
and stern of a ship passing over w^aves. 7. To flow or
fall precipitously, as a river.
PITCHED, pp. Set ; planted ; fixed ; thrown headlong ; set
in array ; smeared with pitch.
PITCH'ER, n. [Arm. picker.] 1. An earthern vessel with a
spout for pouring out liquors. 2. An instrument for
piercing the ground.
PITCH'-FAR-THIJMG, n. A play in which copper coin is
pitched into a hole ; called also chuck-farthing.
PITCH'FORK, 11. [W.picforg.] A fork or farming utensil
used in throwing'liay or sheaves of grain.
PITCH'I-NESS, 71. Blackness ; darkness. [Little used.]
PITCH'ING, ^;jr. 1. Setting ; planting or fixing j throwing
headlong ; plunging ; daubing with pitch ; setting, as a
tune. 2. a. Declivous ; descending ; sloping ; as a hill.
PITCH'ING, n. In navigation, the rising and falling of the
head and stern of a ship, as she moves over waves.
PITCH'-ORE, n.. Pitch-blend, an ore of uranium.
PiTCH'PiPE, n. An instrument used by choristers in reg-
ulating the pitch or elevation of the key.
PITCH'-STONE, 71. A mineral. Cleaveland.
PITCH' Y, a. 1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch ; like
pitch. 2. Smeared with pitch. 3. Black ; dark ; dismal.
PIT'CoAL, 71. Fossil coal ; coal dug from the earth.
*PIT'E-OUS, a. 1. Sorrowful ; mournful ; that may excite
pity. 2. Wretched; miserable; deserving compassion.
3. Compassionate ; affected by pity. 4. Pitiful ; paltry ;
poor.
*PIT'E-OUS-LY, a<Zo. 1. In a piteous manner ; with com-
passion. Shak. 2. Sorrowfully ; mournfully.
*PITE-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Sorrowfulness. 2. Tenderness;
compassion.
PIT'FALL, 71. A pit slightly covered for concealment, and
intended to catch wild betists or men.
PIT'FALL, V. t. To lead into a pitfall. Milton.
PIT'-PtSH, 71. A small fish of the Indian seas.
PITH, n. [Sax. pitha.] 1. The soft, spungy substance in the
centre of plants and trees. Bacon. — 2. In animals, the
spinal marrow. 3. Strength or force. 4. Energy ; cogen-
cy ; concentrated force ; closeness and vigor of thought
and style. 5. Condensed substance or matter ; quintes-
sence. 6. Weight; moment; importance.
PITH'I-LY, adv. With strength ; with close or concentrat-
ed force ; cogently ; with energy.
PITH'I-NESS, n. Strength ; concentrated force.
PITH'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of pith ; wanting strength. 2.
Wantijig cogency or concentrated force
-[■ PIT'HoLE, n. A mark made by disease. Beaumont.
PITH'Y, a. 1. Consisting of pith ; containing pith ; abound-
ing with pith. 2. Containing concentrated force ; forci-
ble ; energetic. 3. Uttering energetic words or expres-
sions.
PIT'I-A-BLE, a. [Fr. pitoyaUe.] Deserving pity ; worthy
01 compassion ; miserable. Atterhury.
PIT'I-A-BLE-NESS, re. State of desei-ving compassion.
PIT'lED,;?p. Compassionated.
tPIT'IED-LY, adv. In a situation to be pitied. Feltham.
PIT'I-FUL, a. 1. Full of pity ; tender; compassionate. 1 Pet.
jii. 2. Miserable; moving compassion. ShaU. 3. To be
pitied for its littleness or meanness; paltry; contemptible;
despicable. Shak. 4. Verv small ; insignificant.
PIT'i-FUL-LY, adv. 1. With pity; compassionately. 2.
In a manner to excite pity. 3. Contemptibly ; with
meanness.
PIT'I-FUL-NESS, 71. 1. Tenderness of heart that disposes
to pity ; mercy ; compassion. 2. Contemptibleness.
PIT'I-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of pity; hard-hearted. 2. Ex-
citing no pity.
PIT'I-LESS-LY, adv. Without mercy or compassion.
PIT'I-LESS-NESS, 71. Unmercifulness ; insensibility to the
distresses of others.
PIT 'MAN, 71. The man that stands in a pit when sawing
timber with another man who stands above.
PIT-SAW, n. A large saw used in dividing timber.
PIT'TANCE, 71. [Fr. pitance.] 1. An allowance of meat in
a monastery. 2. A very small portion allowed or assigned .
3 A very small quantity.
ri-TtJ'I-TA-RY, a. [L. pituita.] That secretes phlegm or
mucus. Parr.
PIT'U-ITE, n. [Fr., from L. pituita.] Mucus.
PI-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. pituitosus.] Consisting of mucus, or
resembling it in qualities.
PIT'Y, 71. [Fi.pitie; It. pietd.] 1. The feeling or suffering
of one person, excited by the distresses of another ; sym-
pathy with the grief or misery of another ; compassion or
fellow-suffering. 2. The ground or subject of pity ; cause
of grief; thing to be regretted.
PIT'Y, V. t. [Fr. pitoyer.] To feel pain or grief for one in
distress ; to have sympathy for ; to compassionate ; to
have tender feelings for one, excited by his unhappi-
ness.
PIT'Y, V. i. To be compassionate ; to exercise pity.
PIVOT, 71. [Fr.] Apinon which any thing turns. Dryden
PIX, n. [L. pyxis.] 1. A little box or chest in wh'ch the con-
secrated host is kept in Roman Catholic countries. 2., A
box used for the trial of gold and silver coin.
PIZ'ZLE, n. [D. pees.] In certain quadmpeds, the part
which is official to generation and the discharge of urine.
PLA-CA-BIL'I-TY, or * PLa'CA-BLE-NESS, n. The qual-
ity of being appeasable ; susceptibility of being pacified.
*PLa'€A-BLE, a. [It. placahile; Sp. placable; lu. placa-
bilis.] That may be appeased or pacified ; appeasable ;
admitting its passions or irritations to be allayed ; willing
to forgive.
PLA-CARD', n. [Fr. placard ; Sp. placarte.] Properly, a
written or printed paper posted in a public place. It seema
to have been formerly the name of an edict, procla-
mation or manifesto issued by authority. It is now an
advertisement, or a libel, or a paper intended to censure
public or private characters or public measures, posted in
a public place.
PLA-€aRD', v. t. To notify publicly ; in colloquial lan-
guage, to post.
PLA-€;ART', n. The same as placard.
PLa'CATE, v. t. [L. place] To appease or pacify ; to con-
ciliate. Forbes.
PLACE, 71. [Fr. ; Sp. plaza.] 1. A particular portion of
space of indefinite extent. 2. Any portion of space, as
distinct from space in general. 3. Local existence. 4.
Separate room or apartment. 5. Seat ; residence ; maiv-
sion. 6. A portion or passage of writing or of a book. 7.
Point or degree in order of proceeding. 8. Rank ; order of
priority, dignity or importance. 9. Office ; employment ;
official station. 10. Ground; room. 11. Station in life ;
calling ; occupation ; condition. 12. A city ; a town ; a
village. — 13. In military affairs, a fortified town or post ;
a fortress ; a fort ; as, a strong place. 14. A country ; a
kingdom. 15. Space in general. 16. Room ; stead ; with
the sense of substitution. 17. Room; kind reception.
To take place. 1. To come ; to happen ; to come into actual
existence or operation. 2. To take the precedence or
priority. Locke. — To take the place, to occupy the place
or station of another. — To have ploxe. I. To have a sta-
tion, room or seat. 2. To have actual existence. — To
give place. 1. To make room or way. 2. To give room ;
to give advantage ; to yield to the influence of; to listen
to. 3. To give Vay ; to yield to and suffer to pass away.
— High place, in Scripture, a mount on which sacrifices
were offered.
PLACE, v.t. [Fr. placer.] 1. To put or set in a particular
part of space, or in a particular part of the earth, or in
something on its surface ; to locate. 2. To appoint, set,
induct or establish in an office. 3. To put or set in any
particular rank, state or condition. 4. To set; to fix. 5.
To put ; to invest. 6. To put out at interest ; to lend.
PLACED, pp. Set ; fixed ; located ; established.
i-MA" - ■• -
ment.
PLaCE'-MAN, 71. One that has an office under a govern-
PLA-CEN'TA, n. [L.] 1. In anatomy, the substance that
connects the fetus to the womb, a soft roundish mass or
cake by which the circulation is can-ied on between the
parent and the fetus. 2. The part of a plant or fruit to
which the seeds are attached.
PLA-CEN'TAL, a. Pertaining to the placenta.
PLA-CEN-Ta'TION, n. In botany, the disposition of the
cotyledons or lobes in the vegetation or germination of
seeds.
PLa'CER, n. One who places, locates or sets.
PLACID, a. [Tu. placidus.] 1. Gentle ; quiet; undisturbed;
equable. 2. Serene ; mild ; unruffled ; indicating peace
of mind. 3. Calm ; tranquil ; serene ; not stormy. 4.
Calm ; quiet ; unraffled.
PLAC'ID-LY, adv. Mildly ; calmly ; quietly ; without dis-
turbance or passion.
PLAC'ID-NESS, ) n. 1. Calmness ; quiet ; tranquillity ; un-
PLA-CID'I-TY, <, ruffled state. 2. Mildness ; gentleness ;
sweetness of disposition.
fPLAC'IT, n. [la. placitum.] A decree or determination.
Olanville.
PLAC1-TO-RY, a. Relating to the act or form of pleadmg
in courts of law. Clayton'' s Reports.
PLACK'ET, 7!. [Fr. plaquer.] A petticoat.
*PLa'GI-A-RISM, n. [from plagiary.] The act of purloining
another man's literary works, or introducing passages
from another man's writings and putting them off as one'^s
own ; literary theft.
*PLa'GI-A-RIST, n. One that purloins the writings of
another and puts them off as his own.
*PLa'GI-A-RY, 71. [Ij. plagium.] 1. A thief in literature;
one that purloins another's writings and offers them to the
public as his own. 2. The crime of literary theft ; [obs.j
* See Sipiopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, 1?, Zoti^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
PLA
615
PLA
* PLA'6l-A-RY, a. 1. Stealing men; kidnapping; [obs.] 2.
Practicing literary theft. Hall,
PLaGUE, (plag) n. [Sp. plaga, or llaga ; G., Dnn. plage ;
L.plaga.] 1. Any thing troublesome or vexatious. 2. An
acute, malignant and contagious disease. 3. A state of
misery. 4. Any great natural evil or calamity.
PLAGUE, (plag) v. t. [Sp. plagar ; Dan. plager.] 1. To in-
fest with disease, calamity or natural evil of any kind.
2._ To vex ; to tease ; to harass ; to trouble ; to embarrass.
PLaGUE'FUL, a. Abounding with plagues ; infected with
plagues.
PLaGU'I-LY, adv. Vexatiously ; in a manner to vex,
harass or embarrass ; greatly ; horribly. [In vulgar use.]
Swift.
PLaGU'Y, (plag'y) a. Vexatious; troublesome ; torment-
ing. [Vulgar.]
PLAICE, or PLAISE, n. [Fr. plie ; Sp. platija.] A fish.
PLAICE'MOUTH, n. A wry mouth. B. Jonson.
PLAID, or PLAD, n. [qu. W. plaid.'] A striped or variegat-
ed cloth worn by the Highlanders in Scotland.
PLAIN, a. [Fr. plain; It. piano; Sp. piano, llano; Port.
piano; from L. planus.] 1. Smooth ; even; level; flat;
without elevations and depressions ; not rough. 2. Open ;
clear. 3. Void of ornament ; simple. 4, Artless ; sim-
ple ; unlearned ; without disguise, cunning or affectation ;
without refinement. 5. Artless ; simple ; unaffected ; un-
embellished. 6. Honestly undisguised; open; frank;
sincere ; unreserved. 7. Mere ; bare. 8. Evident to the
understanding ; clear ; manifest ; not obscure. 9. Not
much varied by modulations. 10. Not high-seasoned ;
not rich; not luxuriously dressed. 11. Not ornamented
with figures. 12. Not dyed. 13. Not difficult ; not em-
barrassing. 14. Easily seen or discovered ; not obscure
or difficult to be found.
PLAIN, adv. 1. Not obscurely ; in a manner to be easily
understood. 2. Distinctly; articulately. 3. With sim-
plicity ; artlessly ; bluntly.
PLAIN, n. [Ir. cluain ; Fr. plaine.] 1. Level land ; usually,
an open field with an even surface, or a surface little
varied by inequalities. 2. Field of battle.
PLAIN, V. t. 1. To level ; to make plain or even on the
surface. Hayward. 2. To lament [obs.] Spenser.
t PLAIN, V. i. [Fr. plaindre.] To lament or wail.
PLAIN-DeAL'ING, a. Dealing or communicating with
frankness and sincerity ; honest ; open ; speaking and
acting without art.
PLAIN-DeAL'ING, n. A speaking or communicating
with openness and sincerity ; management without art,
stratagem or disguise ; sincerity.
PLAIN-HEaRT'ED, a. Having a sincere heart ; communi-
cating without art ; of a frank disposition.
PLAIN-H:EaRT'ED-NESS, «. Frankness of disposition;
sincerity. Hallywell.
t PLaIN'ING, n. Complaint. Shah.
PLAIN'LY, adv. 1. With a level surface ; [I. u.] 2. With-
out cunning or disguise. 3. Without ornament or arti-
ficial embellishment. 4. Frankly ; honestly ; sincerely.
5. In earnest ; fairly. 6. In a manner to be easily seen
or comprehended. 7. Evidently ; clearly ; not obscurely.
PLAIN'NESS, n. 1. Levelness ; evenness of surface. 2.
Want of ornament ; want of artificial show. 3. Open-
ness ; rough, blunt or unrefined frankness. 4. Aitlessness ;
simplicity ; candor. 5. Clearness ; openness ; sincerity.
PLaIN'-SONG, n. The plain, unvaried chant of churches.
PLaIN'-SFoK-EN, a. Speaking with plain, unreserved
sincerity. Dryden.
PLAINT, 71. [Ft. plainte.] 1. Lamentation ; complaint ; au-
dible expression of sorrow. 2. Complaint ; representa-
tion made of injury or wrong done. — 3. In laiv, a private
memorial tendered to a court, in which the person sets
forth his cause of action.— 4. In law, a complaint ; a
formal accusation exhibited by a private person against an
offender for a breach of law or a public offense. Laws of
M. York and Conn.
PLAINT-FUL, a. Complaining ; expressing sorrow with an
audible voice. Sidney.
PLAIN'TIFF, > w. [Fr. plaintif.] In law, the person who
PLaIN'TIF, \ commences a suit before a tribunal, for
the recovery of a claim ; opposed to defendant.
PLAIN'TIVE, ffi. [Fr. plaintif .] 1. Lamenting ; complain-
ing ; expressive of sorrow. 2. Complaining ; expressing
sorrow or grief; repining.
PLAIN'TIVE-LY, adv. In a manner expressive of grief.
PLAIN'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of expressing
grief
PLAINT'LESS, a. Without complaint ; unrepining.
PLAIN'-WoRK, 71. Plain needlework, as distinguished
from embroidery. Pope.
PLAIT, 71. [W. pleth.] 1. A fold ; a doubling ; as of cloth.
2. A braid of hair ; a tress.
PLAIT, v.t. 1. To fold ; to double in narrow streaks. 2. To
braid ; to interweave strands. 3. To entangle ; to involve.
PLAIT'ED, pp. Folded ; braided ; interwoven. ;
PLAIT'ER, n. One that plaits or braids. '
PLAIT'ING,;)pr. Folding; doubling; braiding.
PLAN, n. [Fr., G., D., Dan., Sw.,Russ.plan.] 1. A draught
or form ; properly, the representation of any thing drawn
on a plane, as a map or chart. 2. A scheme devised ; a
project.
PLAN, v.t.l. To form a draught or representation of any
intended work. 2. To scheme ; to devise ; to form in
design.
PLa'NA-RY, a. Pertaining to a plane. Diet.
PLANCH, 77. t. [Fr. planche.] To plank; to cover with
planks or boards. Gorges.
PLANCHED, pp. Covered or made of planks or boards.
PLANCHiER, n. A floor. Bacon.
PLANCH-ER, V. i. To make a floor of wood. Sancroft.
PLANCH'ET, 7J. [Fr. planchette.] A flat piece of metal or
coin. Encyc.
PLANCH'ING, 71. The laying of floors in a building ; also,
a floor of boards or planks. Carew.
PLANE, n. [from L. planus. See Plain.] 1. In geometry,
an even or level surface, like plaijiin popular language. —
2. In astronomy, an imaginary surface supposed to pass
through any of the curves described on the celestial
sphere. — 3. In joinery, an instrument used in smoothing
boards.
PLANE, 77. t. To make smooth ; to pa.e off the inequaliti(!S
of the surface of a board or other piecv of wo^^d by the use
of a plane. 2. To free from inequalitvs of surface.
PLANED, pp. Made smooth with a plane ; leveled.
PLaN'ER, 71. One who smooths with a pJane. Sherwood.
PLAN'ET, ?i. [Fr. plajiete ; L., Sp., Port, planeta.] A ce-
lestial body which revolves about the sun or other centre,
or a body revolving about another planet as its centre.
PLAN-E-TA'RI-UM, n. An astronomical machine which,
by the movement of its parts, represents the motions and
orbits of the planets.
PLAN'E-TA-RY, a. [Fr. planetaire.] 1. Pertaining to tlie
planets. 2. Consisting of planets. 3. Under the domin-
ion or influence of a planet, [jistrology.] 4. Produced
by planets. Shak. 5. Having the nature of a planet ; er-
ratic or revolving.
PLAN'ET-ED, a. Belonging to planets. Young.
t PLA-NET'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to planets. Brown.
]?LaNE'TREE, 71. [L. platanus ; Fr. plane, platane.] A
tree of the genus platanus.
PLAN'ET-STRUCK, a. Affected by the influence of plan-
ets ; blasted. Suckling.
PLA-NI-Fo'IJ-OUS, a. [L planus and folium.] Inbotany.
a planifolious flower is one made up of plain leaves, set
together in circular rows round the centre.
PLA-NI-MET'RI€, i a. Pertaining to the mensuration
PLA-NI-MET'RI-€AL, \ of plain surfaces.
PLA-NIM'E-TRY, n. [L. planus, and Gr. ixerpew.] The
mensuration of plain surfaces.
PLA-NI-PET'A-LOUS, a. [L. planus, and Gr. nsraXov.] In
botany, flat-leafed.
PLAN'iSH, V. t. To make smooth or plain ; to polish ; used
by manufacturers. Henry^s Chemistry.
PLANTSHED, pp. Made smooth.
PLAN'tSH-ING, ppr. Making smooth ; polishing.
PLAN'I-SPHERE, n. [L. planus, and sphere.] A sphere
projected on a plane.
PLANK, 71. [Fr. planche; W. plane ; I), plunk; G., Dan.
planke.] A broad piece of sawed timber, differing from
a board only in being thicker.
PLANK, V. t. To cover or lay with planks.
PLANNED, pp. Devised ; schemed.
PLAN'NER, n. One who plans or forms a plan ; a projec-
tor.
PLAN'NING, ppr. Scheming; devising; making a plan.
PLA'NO-€ON'I-€AL, a. Plain or level on one side, and
conical on the other. Orew.
PLA'NO-CON'VEX, a. Plain or flat on one side, and convex
on the other. JVewton.
PLA'NO-HOR-I-ZON'TAL, a. Having a level horizontal
surface or position. Lee.
PLA'NO-SUB'U-LATE, a. Smooth and awl-shaped.
PLANT, 71. [Fr. plante ; It.pianta; L.,Sp.,Port.,Sw.jpZa7t-
ta ; D. plant.] 1. A vegetable ; an organic body, having
the power of propagating itself by seeds. 2. A sapling. —
3. In Scripture, a child ; a descendant ; the inhabitant of
a country. Ps. cxliv. 4. The sole of the foot ; [little used.}
PLANT, V. t. 1. To put in the ground and cover, as seed
for growth. 2. To set in the ground for growth, as a
young tree or a vegetable with roots. 3. To engfnder ;
to set the germ of any thing that may increase. 4. To
set ; to fix. 5. To settle ; to fix the first inhabitants ; to
establish. 6. To furnish with plants ; to lay out and pre-
pare with plants. 7. To set and direct or point. 8, To
introduce and establish. 9. To unite to Christ and fix in
a state of fellowship with him. Ps. xcii.
PLANT, V. i. To perform the act of planting. Pope.
PLANT'A-BLE, a. Capable of being planted. Edwards.
t PLANT' A6E, n. [L. plantago.] An herb. Shak. ^
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
PLA
616
PLA
PLANT'AiN, n. [Fr.] A plant of the genus jj^awtoj^o
PLANT'AiN, I n. [Sp. platano.l A tree of the ge-
PLAJVT'AIN-TREE, \ nus musa.
t PLANT'AL, a. Belonging to plants. Glanville.
PLANl'-A'TION, n. [L. plantatio.] 1. The act of planting
^ or setting in the earth for growth. 2. The place planted ;
applied to ground planted with trees, as an orchard or the
like. — 3. In the United States and the West Indies, a culti-
vated estate ; a farm. 4. An original settlement in a new
country ; a town or village planted. B. Trumbull. 5. A
colony Bacon 6. A first planting ; introduction ; estab-
lishment. K. Charles.
PLANT'-CANE, n. In the West Indies, the original plants
of the sugar cane. Edwards.
PLANT'ED, pp. 1. Set in the earth for propagation ; set ;
fixed ; introduced ; established. 2. Furnished with seeds
or plants for growth. 3. Furnished with the first inhabi-
tants ; settled. 4. Filled or furnished with what is new.
PLANT'ER, 71. 1. One that plants, sets, introduces or
establishes. 2. One that settles in a new or uncultivated
territory. 3. One who owns a plantation ; used in the
West Indies and Southern States of America. 4. One that
introduces and establishes.
PLANT'ER-SHIP, n. The business of a planter.
PLANT'I-CLE, 71. A young plant or plant in embryo.
PLANT'ING, ppr Setting in the earth for propagation ; set-
ting ; settling ; introducing ; establishing.
PLANT'ING, n. The act or operation of setting in the
ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, &c.
PLANT'-LOUSE, 7i. An insect that infests plants ; a vine-
fretter ; the puceron.
PLASH, 71. [D.plas.] 1. A small collection of standing
water ; a puddle. 2. The branch of a tree partly cut or
lopped and bound to other branches.
PLASH, V. i. To dabble in water ; usually splash.
PLASH, V. t. [Fr. plisser.} To interweave branches. In
JVew England, to splice.
PLASH'ING, ppr. Cutting and interweaving, as branches in
a hedge
PLASH'ING, 71. The act or operation of cutting and lopping
small trees, and interweaving them, as in hedges.
PLASH'Y, a. Watery ; abounding with puddles. Sandys.
PLASM, n. [Gr. ^rXacrfia.] A mold or matrix in which any
thing is cast or formed to a particular shape. [Little used.]
PLASMA, n. A silicious mineral. Ure.
PLAS-MAT'IC, la. Giving shape j having the power
PLAS-MAT'I-€AL, \ of giving form. More.
PLAS'TER, 71. [G.pfiaster; B.pleistre; Dan. plaster; Fr.
pl&tre.] 1. A composition of lime, water and sand, well
mixed into a kind of paste and used for coating walls and
partitions of houses. — 2. In pharmacy, an external appli-
cation of a harder consistence than an ointment. — Plaster
of Paris, a composition of several species of gypsum dug
near Montmartre, near Paris, in France, used in building
and in casting busts and statues. — In popular language,
this name is applied improperly to plaster-stone, or to any
species of gypsum.
PLAS'TER, V. t. 1. To overlay with plaster, as the parti-
tions of a house, walls, &c. 2. To cover with a plaster, as
a wound. — 3. In popular language, to smooth over ; to
cover or conceal defects or irregularities.
PLAS'TERED, pp. Overlaid with plaster.
PLAS'TER-ER, n. 1. One that overlays with plaster. 2.
One that makes figures in piaster. Wotton.
PLAS'TER-ING, pj)r. Covering with or laying on plaster.
PLAS'TER-ING, n. 1. The act or operation of overlaying
with- plaster. 2. The plaster-work of a building ; a cov-
ering of plaster.
PLAS'TER-STONE, n. Gypsum, which see.
PLAS'Tie, ) a. [Gr. -rrXaffriKos.] Having the power to
PLAS'TI-€AL, ) give form or fashion to a mass of mat-
ter. Prior.
PLAS'TIC-I-TY, 71. The quality of giving form or shape to
matter. Encyc.
PLASTRON, 71. A piece of leather stufied, used by fencers
to defend the body against pushes. Dryden.
PLAT, V. t. To weave ; to form by texture. Ray.
PLAT' )
PLAT'TING 1 ^* '^^^^ done by platting or interweaving.
PLAT, 71. [Dan., D. plat ; Fr. plat ; G. platt.] A small
piece of ground, usually a portion of flat, even ground.
t PLAT, a. Plain ; flat. Chaucer.
tPLAT, ady. 1 Plainly; flatly; downright. 2. Smoothly;
even'y.
PLa'TANE, 71. [L. platanus.] The plane-tree. Milton.
PLAT'BAND, n. 1. A border of flowers in a garden, along
a wall or the side of a parterre. — 2. In architecture, a flat
square molding. 3. The lintel of a door or window. 4.
A list or fillet between the flu tings of a column.
PLATE, n. [D. plant ; G. plat te; Sw. platt; Dan., D.pZai.]
1. A piece of metal, flat or extended in breadth. 2. Ar-
mor of plate, composed of broad pieces. 3. A piece of
wrought silver, as a dish or other shallow vessel ; hence.
vessels of silver; wrought silver in general. 4, A small
shallow vessel, made of silver or other metal, or of earth
glazed and baked, from which provisions are eaten at
table. 5. The prize given for the best horse in a race.— 6
In architecture, the piece of timber which supports the
ends of the rafters.
PLATE, V. t. 1. To cover or overlay with plate or with
metal ; used particularly of silver. 2, To arm with plate
or metal for defense. 3. To adorn with plate. 4. To beat
into thin flat pieces or lamens.
PLaT'ED, pp. Covered or adorned with plate ; armed with
plate ; beaten into plates.
PLAT'EN, 71. Among printers, the flat part of a press by
vvhich the impression is made.
PLaTE'Y, a. Like a plate; flat. Gregory.
PLAT'FORM, n. [plat and form.] 1. The sketch of any
thing horizontally delineated; the ichnography. 2. A
place laid out after any model.— 3. In the military art, an
elevation of earth or a floor of wood or stone, on which
cannons are mounted to fire on an enemy. — 4. In archi-
tecture, a row of beams or a piece of timber which supports
the timber- work of a roof, and lying on the top of the
wall. 5. A kind of terrace or broad smooth open walk
on the top of a building, as in the oriental houses.— 6. In
ships, the orlop. 7. Any number of planks or other ma-
terials forming a floor for any purpose. 8. A plan ; a
scheme ; ground-work. Bacon. — 9. In JVew England, an
ecclesiastical constitution, or a plan for the government
of churches.
*PLA-Ti'NA, \ n. [Sp. platina.] A metal discovered in
*PLAT'I-NA, \ the mines of Choco, in Peru, nearly
PLA-Ti'NUM, ) of the color of silver, but less bright,
and the heaviest of the metals.
PLAT'ING,p^r. Overlaying with plate or with a metal;
beating into thin lamens.
PLaT'ING, n. The art or operation of covering any thing
with plate or with a metal, particularly of overlaying a
baser metal with a thin plate of silver.
PLA-TI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [platina and/ero.] Producing
platina; as platiniferous sand.
PLA-TON'I€, a. Pertaining to Plato the philosopher, or to
his philosophy, his school or his opinions.—Platonic love
is a pure spiritual affection subsisting between the sexes,
unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding the mind only
and its excellencies.
PLA-TON'I-€AL-LY, adv. After the manner of Plato.
* PLa'TO-NISM, n. The philosophy of Plato, consisting of
three branches, theology, physics and mathematics.
* PLa'TO-NIST, ) n. One that adheres to the philosophy
PLa'TO-NiZ-ER, \ of Plato ; a follower of Plato.
PLa'TO-NiZE, v. i. To adopt the philosophy of Plato.
PLa'TO-NiZE, v. t. To explain on the principles of the
Platonic school, or to accommodate to those principles.
PLa'TO-NiZED,^^. Accommodated to the philosophy of
Plato. Evfield.
PLa'TO-NiZ-ING, ppr. Adopting the principles of Plato ;
accommodating to the principles of the Platonic school.
PLAT-OON', 7?. [Fr. peloton.] A small square body of sol-
diers or musketeers, drawn out of a battalion of foot wlien
they form a hollow square, to strengthen the angles ; or a
small body acting together, but separate from the main
body.
PLAT'TER, 71. 1. A large shallow dish for holding the pro-
visions of a table. 2. One that plats or forms by weaving ;
see Plat.
PLAT'TER-FaCED, a. Having a broad face.
PLAT'TING, ppr. Weaving ; forming by texture.
PLAT'Y-PUS, n. A quadruped of New Holland.
PLAUD'IT, 7!. [1,. plaudo.] Applause ; praise bestowed.
PLAU-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. Speciou.sness ; superficial appear-
ance of right. Swift.
PLAUS'I-BLE, a. [L. plausibilis.] 1. That may be ap-
plauded ; that may gain favor or approbation ; hence,
superficially pleasing; apparently right ; specious; popu-
lar. 2. Using specious arguments or discourse.
PLAUS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Speciousness ; show of right or
propriety. Sanderson.
PLAQS'I-BLY, arfu. With fair show; speciously; in a
manner adapted to gain favor or approbation.
PLAUS'IVE, a. 1. Applauding ; manifesting praise. 2
Plausible.
PLAY, 2). i. [SslX. pleg an, plegian.] 1. To use any exercise
for pleasure or recreation ; to do something not as a task
or for profit, but for amusement. 2. To sport ; to frolick ;
to frisk. 3. To toy ; to act with levity. 4 To trifle ; to
act wantonly and thoughtlessly. 5. To do sonething
fanciful ; to give a fanciful turn to. 6. Tc make sport, oi-
practice sarcastic merriment. 7. To mock ; to p/actice
illusion. 8. To contend in a game. 9. To practice a
/trick or deception. 10. To perform on an instrument of
music. 11. To move, or to move with alternate dilatatio.i
and contraction. 12. To operate ; to act. 13. To move
irregularly ; to wanton. 14. To act a part on the stage ; to
personate a character. 15. To represent a standing char-
SceSynrpsis. ', A, E, I, O, O, Y ZoTi^.- FAR, FALL, WHAT j—PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;-
PLE
617
PLE
acter. 16. To act in any particular character. 17. To
move in any manner ; to move one way and anotlier.
FLAY, V. t. 1. To put in action or motion. 2. To use an
instrument of music. 3. To act a sportive part or cliarac-
ter. 4. To act or perform by representing a character.
5. To act 5 to perform. 6. To perform in contest for
amusement or for a prize. — To play off, to display ; to
show ; to put in exercise. — To play on or upon. 1. To de-
ceive ; to mock or to trifle with. 2. To give a fanciful
turn to.
PLAY, n. 1. Any exercise or series of actions intended for
pleasure, amusement or diversion, as cricket or quoit,
or blind man 's-buff. 2. Amusement ; sport ; frolick ;
gambols. 3. Game ; gaming ; practice of contending for
victory, for amusement or for a prize, 4. Practice in any
contest. 5. Action ; use ; employment ; office. 6. Prac-
tice ; action ; manner of acting in contest or negotiation.
7. A dramatic composition ; a comedy or tragedy ; a
composition in which characters are represented by dia-
logue and action. 8. Representation or exhibition of a
comedy or tragedy. 9 Performance on an instrument of
music. JO. Motion; movement, regular or irregular. 11.
State of agitation or discussion. 12. Room for motion.
13. Liberty of acting ; room for enlargement or display ;
scope.
PLaY'BILL, 71. A printed advertisement of a play, with
the parts assigned to the actors.
PLaY'BOOK, 71. A book of dramatic compositions.
PLaY'-DXY, or PLaY'ING-DAY, n A day given to play
or diversion : a day exempt from work.
PLaY'DEBT,'m. a debt contracted by gaming. Arbuthnot.
PLAYED, pp. Acted ; performed ; put in motion.
PLaY'ER, n. 1. One who plays in any game or sport. 2.
An idler. 3. An actor of dramatic scenes. 4. A mimic.
5. One who performs on an instrument of music. 6. A
gamester. 7^ One that acts a part in a certain manner.
PLaY'F EL-LoW, n. A companion in amusements or
sports.
PLaY'FIJL, a. 1. Sportive ; given to levity. 2. Indulging
a sportive fancy.
t PLaY'FERE, M. [pZa?/ and/ere. See Fere.] A play-fellow.
PLaY'FUL-LY, adn In a sportive manner.
PLaY'FUL-NESS, n. Sportiveness.
PLaY'GAME, n. Play of children. Locke.
PLaY'HOUSE, n. A house appropriated to the exhibition of
dramatic compositions ; a theatre. Pope.
PLaY'MATE, n. A play-fellow ; a companion in diversions
More.
f PLaY'-PLEAS-URE, n. Idle amusement. Bacon.
PLaY'SoME, a. Playful; wanton. Shclton.
PLaY'SoME-NESS, n. Playfulness ; wantonness.
PLaY'THING, 71. A toy ; any thing that serves to amuse.
PLaY'WRIGHT, 71. A maker of plays. Pope.
PLeA, 71. [Norm plait, plet, plaid, pie ; Fr. plaidoye^.] 1.
In law, that which is alledged by a party in support of his
demand ; but in a more limited and technical sense, the
answer of the defendant to the plaintiff's declaration and
demand. 2. A cause in court ; a lawsuit, or a criminal
process. Laws of Mass. 3. That which is alledged in de-
fense or justification ; an excuse ; an apology. 4. Urgent
prajer or entreaty.
f PLeACH, v. t. [Fr. pUsser.'] To bend ; to interweave.
PLeAD, 7). i. \¥r.plaider.'] 1. Ins. general sense, to 'ArgVie
in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of
another.— 2. In law, to present an answer to the declara-
tion of a plaintiff. 3. To urge reasons for or against; to
attempt to persuade one by argument or supplication. 4.
To supplicate with earnestness. 5. To urge ; to press by
operating on the passions.
PLeAD, v. t. 1. To discuss, defend and attempt to main-
tain by arguments or reasons offered to the tribunal or
person who has the power of determining. 2. To alledge
or adduce in proof, support or vindication. 3. To offer in
excuse. 4. To alledge and offer in a legal plea or defense,
or for repelling a demand in law.— 5. In Scripture, to
plead the cause of the righteous, as God, is to vindicate
them against enemies.
PLeAD'A-BLE, a. That may be pleaded; that may be
aljedged in proof, defense or vindication. Dryden.
PLeAD'ED, pp. Offered or urged in defense ; alledged in
proof or support.
PLeAD'ER, n. [Fr. plaideur.] 1. One who argues in a
court of justice. Swift. 2. One that forms pleas or plead-
ings. 3. One that offers reasons for or against; one that
attempts to maintain by arguments.
PLeAD'ING, ppr. Offering in defense ; supporting by ar-
guments or reasons ; supplicating,
PLeAD'ING, n. The art of supporting by arguments, or of
reasoning to persuade.
PLeAD'INGS, n. In law, the mutual altercations between
the plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the
parties in support of their claims.
fPLEAS'ANCE, (plez'anse) 71. [Fr. plaisance.\ Gayety;
pleasantry ; merriment. Spenser.
PLEAS'ANT, (plez'ant) a. [Fr. plaisant.] 1. Pleasing,
agreeable ; grateful to the mind or to the senses. 2
Cheerful ; enlivening. 3. Gay ; lively ; humorous ; sport-
ive. 4. Trifling ; adapted rather to mirth than use. 6.
Giving pleasure ; gratifying.
PLEAS'ANT-LY, (plez'ant-ly) adv. 1. In euch a manner
as to please or gratify. 2. Gayly ; merrily; in good hu-
mor. 3. Lightly ; ludicrously.
PLEAS'ANT-NESS, (plez ant-nes) ti. 1. State of being
pleasant -or agreeable 2. Cheerfulness ; gayety ; merri-
ment.
PLEAS'ANT-RY, (plez'ant-ry) 71. [Fr. plaisanterie.] 1. Gay-
ety ; merriment. 2. Sprightly saying ; lively talk ; eftu-
sion of humor.
PLEASE, 7J. t. [Fr. plaire, plaisant j h. placeo.] 1. To ex-
cite agreeable sensations or emotions in ; to gratify. Pope.
2. To satisfy ; to content. 3. To prefer ; to have satisfac-
tion in ; to like ; to choose
PLeASE, v. i. 1. To like ; to choose ; to prefer. 2. To
condescend ; to comply ; to be pleased ; a word of cere-
inony.
PLEASED, p;?. Gratified ; affected with agreeable sensations
or emotions.
f PLeAS'ED-LY, adv. In a way to be delighted. Feltham.
PLeASE'MAN, 71. An officious person who courts favor
servilely; a pickthank. Shak.
PLeAS 'ER, 71. One that pleases or gratifies ; one that courts
favor by humoring or flattering compliances or a show of
obedience.
PLEAS'INGjppr. Gratifying ; exciting agreeable sensations
or^ emotions in.
PLeAS'ING, a. 1. Giving pleasure or satisfaction ; agree-
able to the senses or to the mind. 2. Gaining approbation.
PLeAS'ING, 71. The act of gratifying.
PLeAS'ING-LY, ado. In such a manner as to give pleas
ure.
PLeAS'ING-NESS, 71. The quality of giving pleasure.
PLEAS'UR-A-BLE, (plezh'ur-a-bl) a. Pleasing; giving
pleasure ; affording gratification. Bacon.
PLEAS'UR-A-BLY, adv. With pleasure ; with gratification
of the senses or the mind. Harris.
PLEAS'UR-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of giving pleas-
ure.
PLEAS'URE, (plezh'ur) n. [Fr. plaisir.'] 1. The gratification
of the senses or of the mind ; agreeable sensations or
emotions ; the excitement, relish or happiness produced by
enjoyment or the expectation of good ; opposed to pain
2. Sensual or sexual gratification. 3. Approbation. 4
What the will dictates or prefers ; will ; choice ; purpose ,
intention ; command. 5. A favor ; that which pleases.
6. Arbitrary will or choice.
PLEAS'URE, (plezh'ur) 7;. t. To give or afford pleasure to ;
to please ; to gratify. Shak.
PLEAS'URE-BoAT, n. A boat appropriated to sailing for
amusement.
PLEAS'URE-CAR-RIAGE, n. A carriage for pleasure.
PLEAS'URE-FUL, a. Pleasant ; agreeable. [L. u.] Abbot.
PLEAS'URE-GROUND, n. Ground laid out in an orna-
mental manner and appropriated to amusement.
i?LEAS'UR-lST, 71. A person devoted to worldly pleasure
[Little used.'] Broicn.
PLE-Be'IAN, (ple-be'yan) a. [It. plebeio ; L. pleb'ehis.] 1.
Pertaining to the common people ; vulgar. 2. Consisting
of common people.
PLE-Be'I AN, n. One of the common people or lower ranks
of men. [Usually applied to the common people of ancient
Rome.'] Swift.
t PLE-Be'IANCE, n. The common people.
PLECK, 71. A place. Craven dialect.
PLEDGE, 71. [Fr. plcige ; Norm, plegg.] 1. Something put
in pawn ; that which is deposited with another as secu-
rity ; a pawn. 2. Any thing given or considered as a
security for the performance of an act. 3. A surety ; a
hostage. Dryden. — 4. In law, a gage or security, real or
personal, given for the repayment of money.— 5. In law^
bail ; surety given for the prosecution of a suit, or for the
appearance of a defendant, or for restoring goods taken in
distress and replevied. 6. A warrant to secure a person
from injury in Ann^mg.— To put in pi edge, to pawn.— To
hold in pledge, to keep as security.
PLEDGE, 7;. «. [Fr. pie iger.] 1. To deposit in pawn. 2
To give as a warrant or security. 3. To secure by a
pledge. Shak. 4. To invite to drink by accepting the cup
or health after another. Johnson.
PLEDGED, pp. Deposited as security ; given in warrant.
PLEDG-EE', n. The person to whom any thing is pledged
PLEDG'ER, 77. 1. One that pledges or pawns any thing ;
one that warrants or secures. 2. One that accepts the in-
vitation to drink after another, or that secures another by
drinking.
t PLED6'ER-Y, 71. A pledging; suretiship. Encyc.
PLEDG'ET, 71. In surgery, a compress, or small, flat tent of
lint, laid over a wound to imbibe the matter discharged
and keep it clean.
See Syjiopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
PLl
618
PLO
PLED6'1J\G, ppr. Depositing in pawn or as security ; giv-
ingwarrant for security or safety.
*PLe'IADS, (plg'yadz) n. [h. pleiades ; Gx. i:\sta5Ei.']
Jo astronomy, a cluster of seven stars in the neck of the
constellation Taurus,
t PLe'NAL, a. Full. Beauviont.
*PLE'NA-RT-LY,a<fu. Fully j completely. Ayliffc.
* PLE'NA^g-f-NESS, n. Fullness ; completeness.
PLEN'AR-TY; n. The state of a benefice when occupied.
^PLE'NA-RYjiij. [1,. plenus j Fi. plein ; It. pleriario.]
FuU^ entire jpsmplete. Encyc.
* t PLe'NA-RY^. Decisive procedure, .dyliffe.
PLEN-I-Lu'NA?RY, a. Relating to the full moon.
t PLEN'I-LUNE, 71. [L. plenilunium.] The full moon. B.
Jons on.
PLE-NIP'O-TENCE, n. [L. plenus and potentia.] Fullness
or completeness of power. Milton.
PLE-NIP'0-TENT, a. [L. plenipotens.] Possessing full
power. Milton.
PLEN-IP-O-TEN'TIA-RY, n. [Fr. plenipotentiaire.] A per-
son invested with full power to transact any business ;
usually, an embassador or envoy to a foreign couit fur-
nished with full power.
PLEN-IP-O-TEN'TIA-RY, a. Containing full power.
t PLEIv'ISH, for replenish.
PLe'NIST, n. [L. plenus.] One who maintains that ail
space is full of matter. Boyle.
PLEN'I-TUDE, n. [1,. plenitude] 1. Fullness. 2. Reple-
tion ; animal fullness ; plethora ; redundancy of blood and
liumors in the animal body. Encyc. 3. Fullness ; com-
plete competence. 4. Completeness.
* PLExV'TE-OUS, a. 1. Abundant ; copious ; plentiful ; suf-
ficient for every purpose. 2. Yielding abundance. 3.
I!avi]ig an abundance. 4. Possessing in abundance and
ready to bestow liberally. Ps. Ixxxvi.
* PLEN'TE-OUS-LY, adv. In abundance ; copiously ; plen-
tifully. Milton.
*PLEN'TE-OUS-NESS, n. Abundance; copious supply;
plenty.
PLEN'TI-FUL, a. 1. Copious; abundant; adequate to ev-
ery purpose. 2. Yielding abundant crops ; affording am-
ple supply ; fruitful
PLEN'TI-FUL-LY, adv. Copiously ; abundantly ; with am-
ple supply. Addison.
PLEN'TI-FIJL-NESS, n. The state of being plentiful ;
abundance! 2. The quality of affording full supply.
PLEN TY, n. [L. plenus.] 1. Abundance ; copiousness ;
full or adequate supply. 2. Fruitfulness ; a poetic use.
PLENTY, a. Plentiful ; being in abundance. Goldsmith.
Franklin.
PLe'NUM, n. [L.] Fullness ©f matter in space.
PLe'0-NASM, 71. [L. pleojiasmus.] Redundancy of words
in speaking or writing ; the use of more words to express
ideas, than are necessary.
PLe'O-IVASTE, 71. [Gr. TrXtovaaTOs.] A mineral.
PLE-0-NAS'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to pleonasm ; par-
PLE-0-NAS'TI-€AL, \ taking of pleonasm ; redundant.
PLE-0-NAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With redundancy of words.
PLE-ROPH'0-RY, 71. [Gr. n\vpo(popia.] Full persuasion or
confidence. [Little used.] Hall.
t PLESH, for plash. Spenser.
PLETH'0-RA, n. [Gr. n\rido)pa.] In medicine, fullness of
blood ; excess of blood ; repletion. Parr.
PLETH-0-RET'I€. The same as plethoric.
PLETH'0-RI€, a. Having a full habit of body, or the ves-
sels overcharged with fluids. Arbuthnot.
PLETH'0-RY. See Plethora.
PLETH'RON, \ n. [Gr. Tx\edpov.] A square measure used
PLETH'RUM, S in Greece.
PLEu'RA, 71. [Gr.] In anatomy, a thin membrane which
covers the inside of the thorax.
PLEU'RI-SY, 7!. [Gr. nXtvpirii ; Fr. plcuresie.] An inflam-
mation of the pleura or membrane that covers the inside
of the thorax.
PEEU-RITIC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to pleurisy. 2. Dis-
PEEU-RIT'I-€AL, ^ eased with pleurisy.
tPLEV'IN, n. [Old Fr.] A warrant of assurance.
PLEX'I-FORM, a. [L. plexus and for7n.] In the form of
net-work ; complicated. Qjiincy.
PLEX'US, 71. [L.] Any union of vessels, nerves or fibres,
in the form of net-work. Coxe.
PLI-A-BIL'I-TY, 7!, The quality of bending or yielding to
pressure or force without rupture ; flexibility ; pliableness.
PLT'A-BLE, a. [Fr ] 1. Easy to be bent; that readily
yields to pressure without rupture ; flexible. 2. Flexible
in disposition ; readily yielding to moral influence, argu-
ments, persuasion or discipline.
PLT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Flexibility ; the quality of yielding
to force or to moral influence ; pliability.
PLi'AN-CY, n. 1. Easiness to be bent ; in a physical sense.
-2. Readiness to yield to moral influence.
PLi'ANT, a. [Fr ] 1. That may be easily bent ; readily
yielding to force or pressure without breaking ; flexible ;
flexile ; lithe ; limber. 2. That may be easily tormed or
molded to a different shape. 3. Easily yielding to moral
influence ; easy to be persuaded ; ductile.
PLi'ANT-NESS, n. Flexibility. Bacon.
PLi'CA, n. [L.] The plica polonica is a disease of the hair
peculiar to Poland and the neighboring countries.
PLi'CATE, I a. [1.. plicatus.] Plaited ; folded hke a fan
PLl'€A-TED, \ Lee.
PLI-€a'TION, n. [L. plico.] A folding or fold.
* PLI€ A-TURE, n. [L. plicatura.] A fold ; a doublmg.
PLl'ERS, 71. plu. [Fr. plier.] An instrument by which any
small thi)ig is seized and bent. Moxon.
PLi'FORM, a. [Fr.] In the form of a fold.
PLIGHT, (plite) v. t. [Sax. plihtan.] 1. To pledge ; to give
as security for the performance of some act. 2. To
weave ; to braid ; [obs.]
PLIGHT, (plite) n. 1. Literally, a state of being involved,
[L. plicatus ;] hence, perplexity, or a distressed state. 2.
Condition; state; and sometimes good case. 3. Pledge;
gage. 4. A fold, IL. plica ;] a double ; a plait ; [o&s.] 5.
A garment ; [o&s.]" Chapman.
PLTGHT'ED, (pllted) pp. Pledged.
PLIGHT'ER, cpli'ter) n. One that pledges ; that which
plights.
PLTGHT'ING, (pli'ting) ppr. Pledging.
t PLIM, V. i. To swell. Grose.
PLINTH, 71. [Gr. JiXivQof.] In architecture, a. ^a.t, square
member in form of a brick, which serves as the foundation
of a column.
PLOD, V. i. [qu. D. plots.] 1. To travel or work slowly, or
with steady, laborious diligence. 2. To study heavily
with steady diligence. 3. To toil ; to drudge.
PLOD'DER, 71. A dull, heavy, laborious person. Shak.
PLOD'DING, ppr. 1. Traveling or laboring with slow
movement and steady diligence ; studying closely but
heavily. 2. a. Industrious; diligent, but slow in coniri-
vance or execution.
PLOD'DING, n. Slow movement or study with steadiness
or persevering industry. Prideaux.
PLOOK, 71. A pimple. Grose.
PLOT, n. [a different orthography of /iZat.] 1. A plat or
small extent of ground. 2. A plantation laid out. 3. A
plan or scheme. — 4. In surveying, a plan or draught of a
field, farm or manor surveyed and delineated on paper.
PLOT, V. t. To make a plan of; to delineate. Carew.
PLOT, 7?. 1. Any scheme, stratagem or plan, of a compli
cated nature, or consisting of many parts, adapted to the
accomplishment of some purpose, usually a mischievous
one. — 2. In dramatic writings, the knot or intrigue ; the
story of a play, comprising a complication of incidents
which are at last unfolded by unexpected means. 3.
Contrivance ; deep reach of thought; ability to plot.
PLOT, ?;. i. ]. To form a scheme of mischief against an-
other, or against a government or those who administer
it. 2. To contrive a plan ; to scheme.
PLOT, V. t. To plan ; to devise ; to contrive. Dryden.
PLOT'TED, pp. Contrived ; planned.
PLOT'TER, n. 1. One that plots or contrives ; a contriver.
Shak. 2. A conspirator. Dryden.
FIjOT'TING, ppr. Contriving; planning; forming an evil
design.
PLOUGH, ) n. [Norm., Sax. ploge ; D, ploeg ; Ban. ploug,
PLOW, \ plov ; Ice. plog j Scot, pleuch, pleugh.] 1. In
affriculture, an instrument for turning up, breaking and
preparing the ground for receiving the seed. — 2. Figura-
tively, tillage ; culture of the earth ; agriculture. 3. A
joiner's instrument for grooving.
PLOUGH, V. t. 1. To trench and turn up with a plough
2. To furrow ; to divide ; to run through in sailing. 3.
To tear; to furrow. — 4. In Scripture, to labor in any
calling.
PLOUGH'-ALMS, n. A penny formerly paid by every
plough-land to the chmxh. Coicel.
PLOUGH'-BoTE, n. In English la^c, wood or timber al-
lowed to a tenant for the repair of instruments of hus-
bandry.
PLOUGH'-BOY, 71. A boy that drives or guides a team in
ploughing ; a rustic boy. Watts.
PLOUGHED, pp. Turned up with a plough ; furrowed.
PLOUGH'ER, 71. One that ploughs land ; a cultivator.
PLOUGH'ING, ppr. Turning up with a plough ; furrowing.
PLOUGH'ING, 71. The operation of turning up ground with
a plough.
PLOUGH'-LAND, n. Land that is ploughed, or suitable for
tillage.
PLOUGH'MAN, n. 1. One that ploughs or holds a plough.
2. A cultivator of grain ; a husbandman. 3. A rustic ; a
countryman ; a hardy laborer.
PLOUGH'-MoN-DAY, v. The Monday after Twelfth-day
PLOUGH'SHARE, n. The part of a plough which cuts the
ground at the bottom of the furrow, and raises the slice tn
the mold-board, which turns it over.
PLoV'BR, 71. [Fr. pluvier.] The common name of several
* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD :
t Obsolete.
PLU
619
PLY
species of birds that frequent the banks ot rivers and the
seii shore.
PLU€K, V- t. [Sax. pluccian ; G. pfliicken ; D. pliikken ;
Ban. plujcker j Fr. eplucher.] 1. To pull with sudden
force or effort, or to pull off, out or from, with a twitch.
2. To strip by plucking ; as, to pluck a fowl.
rLU€K, 71. The heart, liver and lights of an animal.
PLUCKED, pp. Pulled off; stripped of feathers or hair.
PLUCK'ER, 71. One that plucks. Mortimer.
Fl.lJ€KiUiG, ppr. Pulling oft"; stripping.
PLUG, n. [D. plug.] A stopple ; any piece of pointed wood
or other substance used to stop a liole, but larger than a
peg or spile.
PLUG, V. t. To stop with a plug ; to make tight by stopping
a hole.
PLUM, ?i. {^diX. plume.'] 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to
tJie gannsprunus. 2. A grape dried in the sun ; a raisin.
3. The sura of £100,000 sterling. 4. A kind of play,
f PLUM, a. The old word for plump. Florio.
PLu'MAGE, 71. [Fr.] The feathers that cover a fowl.
PLUMB, (plum) 71. yFx.plomb ; S^.plomo.] A mass of lead
attached to a line, and used to ascertain a perpendicular
position of buildings and the like.
PLUMB, a. Perpendicular, that is, standing according to a
plumb-line.
PLUMB, adv. 1. In a perpendicular direction ; in a line
perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. 2. Directly ;
suddenly ; at once.
PLUMB, u. t. 1. To adjust by a plumb-line; to set in a
perpendicular dii-ection. 2. [VV, plymiaw.] To sound
with a plummet, as the depth of water ; [little used.] Swift.
PLUM-BAG'I-NOUS, a. Resembling plumbago ; consisting
of plumbago, or partaking of its properties.
PLUM-Ba'GO, 71. [L.] A mineral consisting of carbon and
iron ; used for pencils, &c.
PLUM'BE-AN, I a. 1. Consisting of lead ; resembling lead.
PLUM'BE-OUS, \ 2. Dull; heavy; stupid.
PLUMBED, (plumd) pp. Adjusted by a plumb-line.
PLUMBER, (plum'mer) n. One who works in lead.
PLUMB'ER-Y, (plum'mer-y) n. 1. Works in lead ; manu-
factures of lead ; the place where lead is wrought. 2.
The art of casting and working lead, or of making sheets
and pipes of lead.
PLUM-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [h. plumbum and fero.] Producing
lead. Kirwan.
PLUMB'-LINE, (plum'-llne) n. A line perpendicular to
the plane of the horizon.
PLUM'-€AKE, 71. Cake containing raisins or currants.
PLUME, 7?. [Yr. plume.] 1. The feather of a fowl, jjariint-
larly, a large feather. 2. A feather woni as an ornament,
particularly, an ostrich's feather. 3. Pride ; towering
mien. 4 Token of honor ; prize of contest.
PLUxME, or PLu'MULE, n. In botany, the ascending scaly
part of the corculum or heart of a seed.
PLUME, V. t. ]. To pick and adjust plumes or feathers.
2. To strip of feathers ; as, carnivorous animals will not
take pains to plume the birds they devour. 3. To strip ;
to peel. 4. To set as a plume; to set erect. 5. To adorn
with feathers or plumes. 6. To pride ; to value ; to
boast.
PLUME-AL'UM, n. A kind of asbestus. TVilkiris.
PLuME'LESS, a. Without feathers or plumes.
PLU-MIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. pluma and gero.] Feathered ;
having feathers.
PLu'MI-PED, a. Having feet covered with feathers.
PLu MI-PED, 71. [L. plmna and ^e^.] A fowl that has
feathers on its feet. Diet.
PLUM'MET, 71. [Sp. ploviada.] 1. A long piece of lead at-
taclied to a line, used in sounding the depth of water. 2.
An instrument used by carpenters, masons, &c. in adjust-
ing erections to a perpendicular line, and, with a square,
to determine a horizontal line. 3. Any weight. 4. A
piece of lead used by school-boys to rule their paper for
writing.
PLUM' MING, n. Among miners, the operation of finding
the place where to sink an air-shaft.
PLUMOSE, or PLU'MOUS, a. [L. plumosiis.] 1. Feathery;
resembling featJiers.— 2. In botany, a plumose bristle is one
that has hairs growing on the sides of tlie main bristle.
PLU-MOS'I-TY, 71. The state of having feathers.
PLUMP, a. [Dan. plomp : Sw. plump ; D. ploinp ; G. plump.]
1. Full ; swelled with fat or flesh to the full size ; fat ;
having a full skin ; round. 2. Full ; blunt ; unreserved ;
unqualified.
PLUMP, n. A knot ; a cluster ; a clump ; a number of
things closely united or standing together.
PLUMP, V. t. To swell ; to extend to fullness ; to dilate ;
to fatten. [Colloquial.]
PLUMP, V. i. [G. plumpen.] 1. To plunge or fall like a
Jieavy mass or lump of dead matter ; to fall suddenly or
at once. 2. To enlarge to fullness ; to be swelled
PLUMP, adv. Suddenly ; heavily ; at once, or with a sud-
den, heavy fall. B. Jonson.
PLUMP'ER, n. 1. Something carried in the mouth to dilate
the cheeks ; any thing intended to swell out something
else. 2. A full, unqualified lie : [in vulgar use.]
PLUMP'LY, adv. Fully ; roundly ; without reserve.
PLUMPNESS, 71. Fullness of skin ; distention to roundness.
PLUM-POR'RIDGE, n. Porridge with pluma. Addison.
PLUM-PIJD'DING, 74. Piidding containing raisins or cur-
rants.
PLUMP'Y, a. Plump ; fat ; jolly. [J^ot elegant.] Shak.
PLUM'-TREE, 71. A tree that produces plums.
PLu'MULE, 71. [lu. plumula.] The ascending scaly part of
the embryo plant, which becomes the stem.
PLuM'Y, a. [irom. plume.] 1. Feathered; covered with
feathers. Milton. 2. Adorned with plumes.
PLUNDER, V. t. [G. plundern.] 1. To pillage ; to spoil
to strip ; to take the goods of an enemy by open force. 2
To take by pillage or open force. 3. To rob, as a thief
to take from ; to strip.
PLUN'DER, n. 1. That which is taken from an enemy by
force ; piUage ; prey ; spoil. 2. That which is takeji by
theft, robbery or fraud
PLUN'DERED, pp. Pillaged ; robbed
PLUN'DER-ER, 71. I. A hostile pillager ; a spoiler. 2. A
thief; a robber. Addison.
PLUN'pER-ING,pi;7-. PiUaging ; robbing.
PLUNGE, V. t. [Fr. plonger.] 1. To thrust into water Oi
other fluid substance, or into any substance that is pene-
trable ; to immerse in a fluid ; to drive into flesh, &c. 2
To thrust or drive into any state in which the thing is
considered as enveloped or surrounded. 3. To baptize by
immersion.
PLUNGE, V. i. 1. To pitch ; to thrust or drive one's self into
water or a fluid ; to dive or to rush in. 2. To fall or rusli
into distress or any state or circumstances in which the
person or thing is enveloped, inclosed or overwhelmed
3. To pitch or throw one's self headlong.
PLUNGE, 7i. 1. The act of thrusting iiito water or any
penetrable substance. 2. Difliculty ; strait ; distress ; a
state of being surrounded or overwhelmed with difficul-
ties.
PLUNGED, pp. Thrust into a fluid or other penetrable sub-
stance ; immei-sed; involved in straits.
PLUN'GEON, n. A sea fowl. Ainsworth.
PLUNG'ER, 7;. 1. One that plunges ; a diver. 2. A cylin-
der used as a forcer in pumps.
PJiUNG'ING, ;;/).-. Immersing; diving; rushing headlong
tPLUNG'Y, a. Wet. Chaucer.
PLUNK'ET, n. A kind of blue color. Ainsworth.
PLu'RAL, a. [L.. pluralis.] 1. Containing more than one j
consisting of two or more, or designating two or more. —
2. In grammar, the plural number is that which designates
more than one.
PLu'RAL-IST, 77. A clerk or clergyman who holds more
ecclesiastical benefices tlian one, with cure of souls.
PLU-RAL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. pluralite.] 1. A number consisting
of two or more of the same kind. 2. A state of being or
having a greater number. — 3. In elections, a plurality uf
votes is when one candidate has more votes than any
other. — 4. Plurality of benefices is where the same clerk
is possessed of more benefices than one, with cure of
souls.
PLu'RAL-LY, adv. In a sense implying more than one.
PLU-RI-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. plus and litera.] Containing
rnore lettei-s than tliree.
PLu-RI-LIT'ER-AL, n. A word consisting of more letters
than three.
tPLu'RI-SY, «. [L.plusyplurls.] Superabundance.
PLUS, [L. more.] In algebra, a character marked thus, -|-
used as the sign of addition.
PLUSH, 77. [G. plusch.] Shag; a species of shaggy cloth or
stuff with a velvet nap.
PLUSHER, n. A marine fish. Careio.
PLU-To'NI-AN, a. Plutonic, which see.
PLU-To'NI-AN, 71. One who maintains the origin of moun-
tains, &c. to be from fire. Journ. of Science.
PLU-TON'ie, a. [from Pluto] Pertaining to or designating
the system of the Plutonists. Kincan.
PLtJ'TO-NIST, 71. One who adopts the theory of the forma-
tion of the world in its present state from igneous fusion
PLt)'VI-OUS "" ^^' -P^"^^<^^'*'] liainy ; humid. Broicn.
PLu'VI-AL, n. [Fr. pluvial.] A priest's cope. Ainsworth.
PLU-VI-AM'E-TER, n. [L. pluvia and Gr. het^ov.] Aram
gage, an instrument for ascertaining the quantity of wa-
ter that falls in rain, or in rain and snow.
PLU-VI-A-MET'RI-CAL, a. Pertaining to a pluviameter ;
made or ascertained by a pluviameter.
PLY, V. t. [Fr. plier.] 1. To lay on, to put to or on with
force and repetition. 2. To ernploy with diligence ; to ap-
ply closely and steadily ; to keep busy. 3. To practice
or perform with diligence. 4. To urge ; to solicit with
pressing or persevering importunity. 5. To urge ; to
press ; to strain ; to force.
PLY, V. i. 1. To bend ; to yield. 2. To work steadily. 3
To go in haste. 4. To busy one's self; to be steadily
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete
POE
620
POI
employed. 5. To endeavor to make way against the
wind.
PLY, ». 1. A fold ; a plait. 2. Bent ; turn ; direction j bias.
PLY'ER, n. He or that which plies. In fortification, plyers
denotes a kind of balance used in raisii>g and letting
down a drawbridge.
PLY'ING, ppr. Laying on with steadiness or repetition ;
applying closely ; employing ; performing.
PLY'LNG, n. I. Urgent solicitation. Hammond. 2. Effort to
make way against the wind.
PNEU-MAT'ie, (nu-mat'ik) ) a. [Gr. ^ive.vnariKos.']
PNEU-MAT'I-€AL, (nu-mat'e-kal) \ 1. Consisting of air,
as a chin compressible substance. 2. Pertaining to air, or
to the philosophy of its properties. 3. Moved or played
by means of air.
PNEU-MAT'1€S, n. 1. In natural philosophy, that branch
which treats of air.— In chemistry, that branch which
treats of the gases.— 2. In the schools, the doctrine of
spiritual substances, as God, angels, and the souls of men.
Diet.
PNEU-MAT'0-CeLE, n [Gr. nvcufia and Krinr).'] In surge-
ry, a distension of the scrotum by air.
PNEU-MA-TO-LOfi'l-CAL, a. Pertaining to pneuma-
tology.
PNEU-MA-T0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in pneumatology.
PNEU-MA-TOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. jri/eujua and jroyo?.] 1. The
doctrine of the properties of elastic fluids, or of spiritual
substances. 2. A treatise on elastic fluids, or on spiritual
substances.
PNEU-MO'NI-A, I n. [Gr. nvevumi, from rtVEW.] In medi-
PNEu'MO-NY, \ cine, an inflammation of the lungs.
PNEU-MON'I€, a. Pertaining to the lungs ; pulmonic.
PNEU-MON'I€, 71. A medicine for affections of the lungs.
Coxe.
Poach, v. t. [Fr. pochsr.] 1. To boil slightly. 2. To dress
by boiling slightly and mixing in a soft mass. 3. To be-
gin and not complete. 4. To tread soft ground, or snow
and water, Jis cattle, whose feet penetrate the soil or soft
substance and leave deep tracks. JVew England. 5. To
steal game ; properly, to pocket game, or steal it and con-
vey it away in a bag. England. 6. To steal 3 to plunder
by stealth.
Po ACH, V. t. [Corn. pokJda.] To stab ; to pierce ; to spear.
England.
PoACH, V. i. To be trodden with deep tracks, as soft
ground. Mortimer.
PoACH'ARD, I n. A fresh-water duck of an excellent
POCH'ARD, \ taste.
Poached, pp. SUghtly boiled or softened ; trodden with
deep footsteps ; stolen.
PoACH'ER, n. One that steals game. More.
PoACH'I-NESS, n. Wetness and softness ; the state of be-
ing easily penetrable by the feet of beasts.
PoACH'Y", a. Wet and soft ; such as the feet of cattle will
penetrate to some depth.
POCK, n. [Sax. poc, or pocc ; D. pok ; G. pocke.] A pustule
raised on the surface of the body in the variolous and
vaccine diseases, named, from the pustules, small-pox.
f POeK'ARRED, a. Marked with the small-pox. Grose.
FOeK'FRET-TEN, a. [pock and fret, to corrode.] Pitted
with the small-pox.
POCK'MARK, n. Mark or scar made by the small-pox.
POCK'ET, 71. [Fr. pochette.] 1. A small bag inserted in a
garment for carrying small articles. 2. A small bag or
net to receive the balls in billiards. 3. A certain quantity.
POGK'ET, v.t. ]. To put or conceal in the pocket. 2. To
take clandestinely. — To pocket an insult or affront, to re-
ceive it without seeking redress ; \_in popular use.']
POeK'ET-BOOK, 71. A small book of paper covered with
leather ; used for carrying papers in the pocket.
POCK'ET-GLASS, n. A portable looking-glass.
POCK'ET-HoLE, n. The opening into a pocket.
PO€K'ET-LID, n. The flap over the pocket-hole.
POCK'ET-MoN-EY, n. jNIoney for the pocket or for occa-
sional expenses.
PO€K'-HoLE, n. The pit or scar made by a pock.
POCKT-NESS, 7?. The state of being pocky.
POCK'WOOD, n. Lignumvitse, a very hard wood.
POCK'Y, 'a'. 1. Infected with the small-pox ; full of pocks.
2. Vile ; rascally ; mischievous ; contemptible ; {in vulgar
use.]
t POS'U-LENT, a. [Ij.poculentus.] Fit for drink.
POD, n. The pericarp, capsule or seed-vessel of certain
plants
POD, V. i. To swell ; to fill ; also, to produce pods.
PO-DAG'Rie, ) a. [L. podagra ; Gr. noSaypa.] 1. Per-
PO-D AG'RI-€AL, \ taining to the gout ; gouty ; partaking
of the gout. 2. Afflicted with the gout. Brown.
POD'DED, a. Having its pods formed ; fuinished with pods.
POD'DER, n. A gatherer of pods.
PODGE, V. A puddle ; a plash. Skinner.
PCEM, n. [L. poema.] 1 . A metrical composition ; a com-
position in which the verses consist of certain measures,
whether in blank verse or in rhyme. 2. This term la also
applied to some compositions in which the language is
that of excited imagination.
PO'E-SY, n. [Fr. poesie; L. poesis.] 1. The art or skill
of composing poems. 2. Poetry; metrical composition
3. A short conceit engraved on a ring or other thing.
PO'ET, n. [Fr. poete / L., Sp,, It.poeta ; Gr. Jioi^rrjs.] 1
The author of a poem 5 the inventor or maker of a metri
cal composition. 2. One skilled in making poetry, 01
who has a particular genius for metrical composition 3 one
distinguished for poetic talents.
Po'ET-AS-TER, n. A petty poet ; a pitiful rhymer or writer
of verses, Roscommon.
PO'ET-ESS, n. A female poet. Sail.
PO-ET'ie, ) a. [Gr. -noiriTiKog ; L. poeticus ; Fr. poet-
PO-ET'I-€AL, \ ique.] 1. Pertaining to poetry ; suitable
to poetry. 2. Expressed in poetry or measure. 3. Pos-
sessing the peculiar beauties of poetry ; sublime.
PO-ET'I-€AL-LY, adv. With the qualities of poetry ; by
the art of poetry ; by fiction. Dryden.
PO-ET'I€S, 71 The doctrine of poetry. Warton.
Po'ET-iZE, V. i. [Fr. poctiser.] To write as a poet ; to
compose verse. Donne.
Po'ET-LAU'RE-AT, n. A poet employed to compose po-
ems for the birth-days of a prince or other special occa-
sion.
Po'ET-MU-Si"CIAN, n. An appellation given to the bard
and lyrist of former ages, as uniting the professions of po-
etry and music.
PO'ET-RESS, n. A female poet.
Po'ET-RY, n. [Gr. TTOtjyrpta.] I. Metrical composition ;
verse. 2. The art or practice of composing in verse.
3. Poems; poetical composition. 4. This term is also
applied to the language of excited imagination and feel-
ing.
*POIGj>J'AN-CY, (poin'an-se) n. 1. Sharpness; the power
of stimulating the organs of taste. 2. Point ; sharpness ;
keenness ; the power of irritation ; asperity. 3. Severi-
ty; acuteness.
* POIGN'ANT, (poin'ant) a. [Fr. poigiiant.] I. Sharp ; stim-
ulating the organs of taste. 2. Pointed ; keen ; bitter ;
irritating ; satirical. 3. Severe ; piercing ; very painful
or acute.
*POiGN'ANT-LY, (poin'ant-ly) adv. In a stimulating,
piercing or irritating manner ; with keenness or point.
POINT, n. [Fr. poinct ; Sp., It. punto, punta.] 1. The
sharp end of any instrument or body, 2. A string with a
tag. 3. A small cape, headland or promontory ; a tract
of land extending into the sea, a lake or river, beyond the
line of the shore, and becoming narrow at the end, 4.
The sting of an epigram ; a lively turn of thought or ex-
pression that strikes with force and agreeable surprise.
5. An indivisible part of time or space. 6. A small space.
7. Punctilio : nicety ; exactness of ceremony. 8. Place
near, next or'contiguous to ; verge ; eve. 9. Exact place.
10. Degree ; state of elevation, depression or extension.
11. A character used to mark the divisions of writing, or
the pauses to be observed in reading or speaking. 12. A
spot ; a part of a surface divided by spots or lines. — 13. In
geometry, that which has neither parts nor magnitude, —
14, In music, a mark or note anciently used to distinguish
tones or sounds. — 15, In modern music, a dot placed by a
note to raise its value or prolong its time by one half.— 16.
In astronomy, a division of the great circles of the horizon,
and of the mariner's compass. — 17. In astronomy, a cer-
tain place marked in the heavens, or distinguished for it?
importance in astronomical calculations. The zenith and
nadir are called vertical points. — 18, In perspective, a cer
tain pole or place with regard to the perspective plane. —
19, In manufactories, a lace or work wrought by the nee-
dle. 20. The place to which any thing is directed, or the
direction in which an object is presented to the eye, 21.
Particular ; single thing or subject. 22, Aim ; purpose ;
thing to be reached or accomplished, 23. The act of aim-
ing or striking. 24. A single position ; a single assertion ;
a single part of a complicated question or of a whole. 25.
A note or tune. — 26. In heraldry, points are the several
different parts of the escutcheon," denoting the local posi-
tions of figures. — 27. In electricity, the acute termination
of a body which facilitates the passage of the fluid to or
from the body. — 28. In gunnery, point-blank denotes the
shot of a gun leveled horizontally. — 29. In marine lan-
guage, points are flat pieces of braided cordage, tapering
from the middle towards each end, — Point de vise, [Fr. |
exactly in the point of view. Shak. — The point, the sub-
ject ; the main question ; the precise thing to be consid-
ered.
POINT, V. t. 1. To sharpen ; to cut, forge, grind or file to
an acute end. 2. To direct towards an object or place, to
show its position , or excite attention to it. 3. To direct
the eye or notice. 4. To aim ; to direct towards an ob-
ject. 5. To mark with characters for the purpose of dis-
tinguishing the members of a sentence, and designating
* See Synapsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zoti^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— (PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ; - f Obsolete
FOK
621
POL
the pauses. 6. To mark with vowel-points. 7. To ap-
point , [obs.] Spenser. 8. To fill the joints of with mor-
tar, and smooth them with the point of atrowet.— T'o
point out, to show by the finger or by other means.— To
point a sail, to afiix points through the eyelet-holes of the
reefs.
POINT, v.i. 1. To direct the finger for designating an ob-
ject, and exciting attention to it. 2. To indicate, as dogs
do to sportsmen. 3. To show distinctly by any means.
4. To fill the joints or crevices of a wall with mortar.— 5.
In the rigging of a ship, to taper the end of a rope or
splice, and work over the reduced part a small, close net-
ting, with an even number of knittJes twisted from the
same. — To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by
pointing or directing attention to.
POINT' AL, n. In botany, the pistil of a plant ; an organ or
viscus adhering to tlie fruit for the reception of the pollen.
Its appearance is that of a column or set of columns in the
centre of the flower. Martyn.
POINT'ED, pp. 1. Sharpened ; formed to a point ; direct-
ed ; aimed. 2. Aimed at a particular person or transac-
tion. 3. a. Sharp ; having a sharp point. 4. Epigram-
matical ; abounding in conceits or lively turns.
POINT'ED-LY, adv. 1. In a pointed manner ; with lively
turns of thought or expression. 2. With direct asser-
tion; with direct reference to a subject; with explicit-
ness.
POINTiED-NESS, %. 1. Sharpness ; pickedness with
asperity. 2. Epigrammatical keenness or smartness.
POINT'EL, n. I. Something on a point. 2. A kind o«
pencil or style. Wickliffe.
POINT'ER, n. 1. Any thing that points. 2. The hand of a
time-piece. 3. A dog that points out the game.
POINT'ING, ppr. 1. Directing the finger; showing; di-
recting. 2. Marking with points ; as a writing. 3. Fill-
ing the joints and crevices of a wall with mortar or ce-
ment.
POINT'ING, n. 1. The art of making the divisions of a
writing; punctuation. 2. The state of being pointed
with marks or of having points.
POINT'ING-STO€K, n. An object of ridicule or scorn.
POINT'LESS, a. 1. Having no point ; blunt; obtuse. 2.
Having no smartness or keenness.
POISE, (poiz) n. [W. pwys ; Arm. poes ; Fr. poids."} 1.
Weight ; gravity ; that which causes a body to descend
or tend to the centre. 2. The weight or mass of metal
used in weighing with steelyards to balance the sub-
stance weighed. 3. Balance ; equilibrium ; a state in
which things are balanced by equal weight or power ;
equipoise. 4. A regulating power ; that which balances.
POISE, (poiz) V. t. [W. pwysaw.] 1. To balance in
weight ; to make of equal weight. 2. To hold or place
in equilibrium or equiponderance. 3. To load with
weight for balancing. 4. To examine or ascertain, as
by the balance ; to weigh. 5. To oppress ; to weigh
down.
POISED, pp. Balanced ; made equal in weight ; resting in
equilibrium.
POIS'ING, ppr. Balancing.
POIS'ON, (poiz'n) n. [Fr. poison.] 1. A substance which,
when taken into the stomach, mixed with the blood, or
applied to the skin or flesh, proves fatal or deleterious ;
venom. 2. Any thing infectious, malignant, or noxious
to health. 3. That which taints or destroys moral purity
or health.
POIS'ON, V. t. 1. To infect with any thing fatal to life. 2.
To attack, injure or kill by poison. 3. To taint ; to mar ;
to impair. 4. To corrupt.
t POIS'ON-A-BLE, a. Capable of poisoning ; venomous.
POIS'ONED, pp. Infected or destroyed by poison.
POIS'ON-ER, n. One who poisons or corrupts ; that which
corrupts.
t POIS'ON-FUL, a. Replete with venom. Dr. Wldte.
POIS'ON-ING, ppr. Infecting with poison ; corrupting.
POIS'ON-OUS, a. Venomous ; having the qualities of pois-
on ; corrupting ; impairing soundness or purity.
POIS'ON-OUS-LY, adv. With fatal or injurious effects ;
venomously.
POIS'ON-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being fatal or in-
jurious to health and soundness ; venomousness.
POIS'ON-TREE, n. A tree that poisons the flesh.
POI'TREL, TO. [Fr. poitraiL] 1. Armor for the breast. 2.
[qu. pointel.] A graving tool. Ainsioorth.
POIZE, a common spelling ofpoise. Sec Poise.
POKE, n. [Sax. vocca, poha ; Fr. poche.] A pocket ; a small
bag ; as, a_pig in a poke. Camden.
POKE, or PoKE'-WEED, n. The popular name of a plant
of the genus Phytolacca.
POKE, V. t. [Corn, pokkia.] 1. Properly, to thrust ; hence,
to feel or search for with along instrument. 2. To thrust
at with the horns, as an ox.
POKE, n. In JSTew England, a machine to prevent unruly
beasts from leaping fences.
POKE, V. t. To put a poke on. JVew Ena-land.
PoK'ER, n. An iron bar used in stirring the fire when coal
is used for fuel. Swift.
PoK'ER, TO. [Dan. pokkeir.'] Any frightful object, especial-
ly in the dark ; a bugbear ; a word in common use in
America.
PoK'ING, ppr. Feeling in the dark ; stirring with a pok-
er ; thrusting at with the horns ; putting a poke on.
PoK'ING, a. Drudging ; servile. {Colloquial.} Gray.
PoK'ING-STICK, TO. An instrument formerly used in ad-
justing the plaits of rufis then worn. Shak.
PO-La'CREjTO. \^^.polacrei¥i.polacre,polaque.'] A vessel
with three masts, used in the Mediterranean.
PO'LAR, a. [Fr. polaire ; It. polare ; Sp. polar.] 1. Per-
taining to the Doles of the earth, north or south, or to
the poles of artificial globes ; situated near one of the
poles. 2. Proceeding from one of the regions near the
poles. 3. Pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point
to which the magnetic needle is directed.
PO-LAR'l-TY, n. That quality of a body, in virtue of which
peculiar properties reside in certain points ; usually, as in
electrified or magnetized bodies, properties of attraction
or repulsion, or the power of taking a certain direction
The property of pointing to tlie poles, which is peculiar to
the magnetic needle. A mineral is said to possess polar-
ity when it attracts one pole of a magnetic needle and re-
pels the other.
PO-LAR-I-Za'TION, to. The act of giving polarity to a
body. — Polarization of light, a change produced upon light
by the action of certain media, by which it exhibits the
appearance of having polarity, or poles possessing differ-
ent properties.
Po'LAR-iZE, v. t. To communicate polarity to.
Po'LAR-lZED, pp. Having polarity communicated to.
Po'LAR-iZ-ING, ppr. Giving polarity to.
Po'LA-RY, a. Tending to a pole ; having a direction to a
pole. Brown.
POLE, TO. [Sax. pol, pal ; D. paal : Dan. pal ; W. pawl ; L.
palus.] 1. A long, slender piece of wood, or the stem of
a small tree deprived of its branches. 2. A rod ; a perch ;
a measure of length of five yards and a half. 3. An in-
strument for measuring. — Bare poles. A ship is under
bare poles when her sails are all furled. Mar. Diet.
POLE, TO. {Yx.pole; It., Sp. polo.] 1. In astronomy, one
of the extremities of the axis on which the sphere re-
volves. — ^2. In spherics, a point equally distant from every
part of the circumference of a great circle of the sphere ;
or it is a point 90*^ distant from the plane of a circle, and
in a line passing perpendicularly through the centre, call-
ed the axis. — 3. In geography, the extremity of the earth's
axis. 4. The star which is vertical to the pole of the
earth. — Magnetic poles, two points in a lodestone,, corre-
sponding to the poles of the world ; the one pointing to
the north, the other to the south.
POLE, TO. [from Poland.] A native of Poland.
POLE, V. t. 1. To furnish with poles for support. 2. To
bear or convey on poles. 3. To impel by poles, as a boat ;
to push forward by the use of poles.
PoLE'-AXE, ) TO. An axe fixed to a pole or handle ; or,
PoLE'-AX, ) rather, a sort of hatchet with a handle
about fifteen inches in length, and a point or claw bend-
ing downward from the back of its head.
PoLE'CAT, TO. A quadruped of the genus mustela ; the
fitchew or fitchet.
PoLE'-D A-VY, TO. A sort of coarse cloth. Ainsworth.
POL'E-MARCH, to. [Gr. iio\Ena^')(pi.] 1. Anciently, a
magistrate of Athens and Thebes. 2. A military officer
in Laccdcemon.
PO-LEM'I€, or PO-LEM'I-€AL, a. [Gr. iroXe/ztKoj.] 1
Controversial ; disputative ; intended to maintain an opin-
ion or system in opposition to others. 2. Engaged in sup-
porting an opinion or system by controversy.
PO-LEM'I€, TO. A disputant ; a controvertist. Pope.
POL'E-MIST, TO. A controvertist. Mchols.
PO-LEM'0-S€OPE, to. [Gr. noXe-^os and cKoneu).] An ob-
lique perspective glass contrived for seeing objects that do
not lie directly before the eye.
PoLE'-STAR, TO. 1. A star which is vertical, or nearly so,
to the pole of the earth ; a lodestar. 2. That which serves
as a guide or director.
Po'LEY-GRASS, to. A plant of the genus lythrum.
PO'LEY-MOUN-TAIN, to. A plant of the genus teucrium
PO-LICE', TO. [Fr. ; L. politia.] 1. The government of a
city or town ; the administration of the laws and regula-
tions of a city or incorporated town or borough. 2. The
internal regulation and government of a kingdom or state.
3. The corporation or body of men goveriiing a city —
4. In Scottish, the pleasure-ground about a gentleman's
seat.
POL'ICED, a. Regulated by laws ; furnished with a regu-
lar system of laws and administration. Bacon.
PO-LICE'-OF-FI-CER, to. An officer intrusted with the
execution of the laws of a city. , ^,
POL'I-CY, TO. [Fr. police ; L. politia.] 1. The art or man
* Sec Simopsui MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— B|[JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH -, TH as in this f Obsolete
POL
622
POL
rer ol governing a nation ; or that system of measures
which the sovereign of a country adopts and pursues, as
best adapted to the interests of the nation. 2, Art, pru-
dence, wisdom or dexterity in the management of public
affairj. — 3. In common usage, the art, pmdence or wisdom
of individuals in the management of their private or so-
cial concerns. 4. Stratagem ; cunning ; dexterity of man-
agement. 5. [It. poZizza.j A ticket or warrant for money
in the public funds. — 6. [Sp. ■poliza.'] Policy, in commerce,
the writing or instrument, by which a contract of indem-
nity is effected between the insurer and the insured.
I'OL'ING, n. In gardening, the operation of dispersing the
worm-ciasts all over the walks, with long ash poles.
roL'ING, -ppr. 1. Furnishing with poles for support. 2.
Bearing on poles. 3. Pushing forward witli poles, as a
boat.
PoL'ISH, a. Pertaining to Poland.
POL'ISH, V. t. [Fr. foiir, polissant.] 1. To make smooth
and glossy, usually by friction. 2. To refine ; to wear
off rudeness, rusticity and coarseness ; to make elegant
and polite.
POL'ISH, V. i. To become smooth ; to receive a gloss ; to
take a smooth and glossy surface.
POL'ISH, n. I. A smooth, glossy surface produced by fric-
tion. 2. Refinement 5 elegance of manners.
POL'ISH- A-BLE, a. Capable of being polished.
POL'ISHED, pp. Made smooth and glossy ; refined.
t POL'ISH-ED-NESS, n. I. State of being polished or
glossed. Donne. 2. State of being refined or elegant.
Coventry.
POL'ISH-ER, n. The person or instrument that polishes.
POL'ISH-ING, ppr. Making smooth and glossy ; refining.
POL'ISH-ING, n. Smoothness ; glossiness ; refinement.
Ooldsmith.
POL'ISII-MENT, n. Refinement. Waterliouse.
PO-LlTE'j a. [L. polit^is.'] 1. Literally, smooth, glossy,
and used in this sense till within a century ; [o6s.] 2.
Being polished or elegant in mannere ; refined in be-
havior 3 well-bred. 3. Courteous ; complaisant ; oblig-
ing^
PO-LlTE'LY, adv. With elegance of manners ; genteelly ;
courteously.
PO-LlTE'NESS, 71. 1. Polish or elegance of manners ;
gentility; good-breeding; ease and gracefulness of man-
ners. 2. Courteousness ; complaisance ; obliging atten-
tions.
POL'I-TIC, a. [L. poUtlcus.'\ 1. Wise ; prudent and saga-
cious in devismg and pursuing measures adapted to pro-
mote the public welfare. 2. Well devised and adapted
to the public prosperity. 3. Ingenious in devising and
pui-suing any scheme of personal or rational aggrandize-
ment, without regard to the morality of the measure ; cun-
ning ; artful ; sagacious in adapting means to the end,
whether good or evil. 4. Well devised ; adapted to its
end, riglit or wrong.
f POL'I-TIC, n. A politician. Bacon.
PO-LIT'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to policy, or to civil gov-
ernment and its administration. 2. Pertaining to a na-
tion or state, or to nations or states, as distinguisned from
civil or municipal ; as in the phrase, political and civil
rights, the former comprehending rights that belong to a
nation, or perhaps to a citizen as an individual of a na-
tion ; ana the latter comprehending the local rights of a
corporation or any member of it. 3. Public ; derived
from ofiice or connection with government. 4. Artful ;
skillful; [see Politic] 5. Treating of politics or govern-
ment. Paley. — Political economy, the administration of
the revenues of a nation ; or the management and regu-
lation of its resources and productive property and labor.
PO-LIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. With relation to the govern-
ment of a nation or state. 2. Artfully ; with address ;
[o&s.l
PO-LIT'I-€AS-TER, n. A petty politician.
+ POL-I-TI"CIAN, a. Cunning ; using artifice.
POL-I-TI"CIAN, n. \¥x.politicien.] 1. One versed in the
science of government and the art of governing ; one
skilled in politics. 2. A man of artifice or deep contri-
vance.
POL'I-TIC-LY, adv. Artfully ; cunningly. Shal:
POL'I-TICS, n. [Fr. politique.] The science of government ;
that part of ethics which consists in the regulation and
government of a nation or state, for the preservation of its
safety, peace and prosperity.
f POL'I-TiZE, V. i. To play the politician. Milton.
j- POL'I-TURE, n. Polish ; the gloss given by polishing.
POL'I-TY, n. [Gr. no\LTua.'\ 1. The form or constitution
of civil government of a nation or state. 2. The constitu-
tion or general fundamental principles of government of
any class of citizens, considered in an appropriate charac-
ter, or as a subordinate state.
PoLL, n. [D. &oZ.l 1. The head of a person, or the back
part of the head. 2. A register of heads, that is, of per-
sons. 3. The entry of the names of electors vi^ho vote
for civil officers. Hence, 4. An election of civil officers.
or the place of election. 5. A fish called a chub or chevin ;
see PoLLAKD.
PoLL, V. t. 1. To lop the tops of trees. Bacon. 2. To
clip ; to cut off the ends ; to cut off hair or wool ; to shear.
3. To mow ; to crop ; [obs.] 4. To peel ; to strip ; to
plunder : [obs.] 5. To take a list or register of persons ;
to enter names in a list. 6. To enter one's name in a list
or register, 7. To insert into a number as a voter. Tickel.
POL'LARD, 71. 1. A tree lopped. 2. A clipped coin. 3.
The chub fish. 4. A stag that has cast his horns. 5. A
mixture of bran and meal.
POL'LARD, V. t. To lop the tops of trees ; to poll.
POL'LEN, n. [h. pollen, pollis.] 1. The fecundating dust,
or fine substance like flour or meal, contained in the an-
ther of flowers, which is dispersed on the pistil for im-
pregnation ; farin or farina. 2. Fine bran. Bailey.
t POL'LEN-GER, n. Brushwood. Tusser.
POL'LE-NIN, n. A substance prepared from the pollen of
tulips, highly inflammable.
PoLL'ER, n. [from _poZZ.] 1. One that shaves persons ; a
barber ; [obs.] 2. One that lops or polls trees. 3. A pil-
lager ; a plunderer; one that fleeces by exaction ;_ [vh^.]
4. One that registers voters, or one that enters his name
as a voter.
PoLL'-E-VIL, 71. A swelling or irapostem on a horse's
head, or on the nape of the neck between the ears.
POL-LI-CI-Ta'TION, 71. [L. pollicitatio.] A promise ; a
voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it.
POL-LIN€'TOR, n. [L.] One that prepares materials for
embalming the dead ; a kmd of undertaker.
POL-LI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. pollen and fero.] Producing
pollen.
POL'LOCK, or FOL'LACK, n. A fish, a species of gadus
or cod.
POL-LuTE', V. t. [L.polluo; Fr. polluer.] I. To defile;
to make foul or unclean. Among the Jews, to make un-
clean or impure, in a legal or ceremonial sense. 2. To
taint with guilt. 3. To profane ; to use for carnal or idol-
atrous purposes. 4. To corrupt or impair by mixture of
ill, moral or physical. 5. To violate by illegal sexual
commerce.
POL-LuTE', a. Polluted ; defiled. Milton.
POL-LuT'ED, pp. Defiled ; rendered unclean ; tainted
with guilt ; impaired ; profaned.
POL-LuT'ED-LY. adv. In a state of pollution. Heyicood.
POL-LuT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being polluted ; de-
filement.
POL-LuT'ER, 71. A defiler ; one that pollutes or profanes.
POL-LuT'ING, ppr. Defiling ; rendering unclean ; cor-
rupting; profaning.
POL-LU'TION, n. [L. pollutio ; Fr. pollution.] 1. The act
of polluting. 2. Defilement ; uncleanness ; impurity ;
the state of being polluted. — 3. In the Jewish economy,
legal or ceremonial uncleanness. — 4. In medicine, the in-
voluntary emission of semen in sleep. — 5. In a religious
sense, guilt, the effect of sin ; idolatry.
POL'LtJX, n. 1, A fixed star of the second magnitude, in
the constellation Gemini or the Twins. 2. See Castor.
POL-0-NaISE', ; n. A robe or dress adopted from the
POL-0-NeSE', ) fashion of the Poles ; sometimes worn
by ladies.
POL-0-NeSE', 71. The Polish language. Encyc.
POL'O-NOISPi, n. In music, a movement of three crotchets
jn a bar, with the rhythmical cesure on the last.
PoLT, 71. [Sw. bulla.] A blow, stroke or striking ; a word
in common popular use in JSTew England.
t PoLT'-FOOT, n. A distorted foot. Herbert.
t P6LT'-F00T-ED 1 ^' H^"^i"S distorted feet. B. Jonson.
POL-TROON', n. [F. poltron ; It. poltrone.] An arrant
coward ; a dastard ; a wretch without spirit or courage.
POL-TROON', a. Base ; vile ; contemptible. Hammond.
POL-TROON'ER-Y, ) n. Cowardice ; baseness of mind ,
POL-TROON'RY, \ want of spirit.
POL'VE-RIN, ) 71. [la. pulvis ; It. polverino.] The calcined
POL' VE-RINE, S ashes of a pla-nt.
PO'LY, or Po'LEY, 71. [L. polium.] A plant.
POL'Y, in compound words, is from the Greek ttoXh?, and
signifies jnany ; as in polygon, a figure of many angles.
POL-Y-A-€OUS'TI€, a. [Gr. rroAuj and ukovu).] That mul-
tiplies or magnifies sound ; eis a noun, an instrument to
multiply sounds.
POL'Y-A-DELPH, n. [Gr. iroXvs and o^eX^o?.] In botany,
a plant having its stamens united in three or more bodies
or bundles by the filaments.
POL-Y-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. Having its stamens united in
three or more bundles.
POL-Y-AN'DER, n. [Gr. TroAuf and avrjp.] In botany, a
plant having many stamens.
POL-Y-AN'DRI-AN, a. Having many stamens.
POL-Y-AN'DRY, n. The practice of females having more
husbands than one at the same time ; plurality of hus-
bands.
See Synopsis A K, T, O t\ Y. /oti^ —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE BIRD ;— ^ Obsolete.
POL
623
POM
POL'Y-ANTH, ) n. [Gr, noXvs and avdo?.] A plant of
POL-Y-ANTH'OS, j the genus primula or T^iimrose.
POL- Y-AU-TOG'RA-?HY, n. [Gr. t:oXvs, avros and ypof^w.]
The act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own
handwriting ; a species of lithography.
POL'Y-€HORD, a. [Gr. ttoXvj, and chord.] Having many
chords or strings. Ch. Relig. Appeal.
t POL'Y-€HREST, n. [Gr. ttoXds and %p>7crroj.] In phar-
macy, a medicine that serves for many uses.
POL'Y-€HRO-ITE, n. [Gr. noXvs and xpoi^w.] The color-
ing matter of saffron. Ure.
POL-Y-€0-TYL'E-DON, n. [Gr. jroXws and /cori;Aj?5wv.]
In botany, a plant tha* has many or more than two cotyl-
edons or lobes to the set,'^.
POL-Y-eO-TY-LED'O-NOL;"^. a. Having more than two
lobes to the seed.
POL-Y-ED'R^S I ^^^ PoLYHEDRu ^ and Polyhedral.
POL'Y-GAM, I n. [Gr. no\vg and xs"'"?-] In botany, a
POL-Y-GAM'I-AN, \ plant which bears :;ermaphrodite
flowers.
POL-Y-GAM'I-AN, a. Producing hermaphrodite flowers,
with male or female flowers, or both.
PO-LYG'A-MIST, n. A person who maintains the lawful-
ness of polygamy.
PO-LYG'A-MOUS, a. 1. Consisting of polygamy. Encyc.
2. Inclined to polygamy ; having a plurality of wives.
PO-LYG'A-MY, 71. [Gr. koXdj and yajxoi.] A plurality of
wives or husbands at the same time ; or the having of
such plurality.
POL'Y-GAR, n. In Hindostan, an inhabitant of the woods.
PO-LYO'E-NOUS, a. [Gr. ttoAuj and yevos.'] Consisting of
many kinds. Kir-wan.
POL'Y-GLOT, a. [Gr. t:oXvs and yXwrra.] Having or con-
taining many languages.
POL'Y-GLOT, n. 1. A book containing many languages.
2. One who understands many languages ; [obs.]
POL'Y-GON, n. [Gr. iroXvj and ytovia.] In geometry, a
figure of many angles and sides.
?8:£li'o:No&, I ''' H™g ^^'^y ^^'''- ^''^
PO-LYG'O-NUM, or POL'Y-GON, n. [Gr. ttoXus and yovv.']
Knotgrass.
PO-LYG'0-iSrY, n. [L. polygonum.] Knotgrass.
POL'Y-GRAM, n. [Gr. :toXiis and ypanixa.] A figure con-
sisting of many lines. Diet.
POL'Y-GRAPH, n. An instrument for multiplying copies
of a writing with ease and expedition.
POL-Y-GRAPH'ie, la. 1. Pertaining to polygraphy.
POL-Y-GRAPHH-CAL, \ 2. Done with a polygraph.
PO-LYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. rroXvs and yoafri ; ypa^w.]
The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering
the same.
POL'Y-GYN, n. [Gr. tioXdj and yvvi].] In botany, a plant
having many pistils.
POL-Y-GYN'I-AN, a. Having many pistils.
P0-LY6'Y-NY, n. [Gr. no\vg and yvvq.] The practice of
having more wives than one at the same time.
POL-Y-Ha'LTTE, n. [Gr. jtoXv? and aX?.] A mineral.
POL-Y-He'DRAL, or POL-Y-He'DROUS, a. Having
many sides ; as a solid body.
?OL-Y-He'DRON, w. [Gr. iToXu? and f^pa.] I. In geometry,
a body or solid contained under many sides or planes. —
2. In optics, a multiplying glass or lens consisting of sev-
eral plane surfaces disposed in a convex form.
+ PO-LYL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. ;ToXDf and Xoyog.] A talking
much ; talkativeness ; garrulity.
P0L-Y-MATH'I€, a. Pertaining to polymathy.
PO-LYM'A-THY, n. [Gr. ttoXdj and naQvaig.] The knowl-
edge of many arts and sciences.
POL'YM-NITE, 71. A stone marked with dendrites and
black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marsh-
es, &c.
POL'Y-MORPH, n. [Gr. noXus and iiop<pr].] A name given
to a numerous tribe or series of shells.
POL-Y-MORPH'OUS, a. Having many forms.
POL'Y-NEME, n. A fish having a scaly head.
POL-Y-Ne'SIA, 71. [Gr. ttoXu? and vtjcros.] A new term in
geography, used to designate a great number of isles in
the Pacific ocean.
POL-Y-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Polynesia.
POL'Y-NOME,.w. [Gr. iroXvj and ovoiia.] In algebra, a
quantity consibting of many terms.
POL-Y-No'MI-AL, a Containing many names.
POL-Y-ON'O-MOUS, a. [Gr. ttoXvs and ovojia.] Having
many names or titles ; many-titled. Sir W. Jones.
POL-Y-ON'O-MY, 71. Variety of different names. Faber.
POL-Y-OP'TRUM, n. [Gr, iroXuf and oTTTOjUut.] A glass
through which objects appear multiplied.
n. [Gr. JToX'jj and ^wvjy.] Multiplicity
of sounds, as in the reverberations
POL-Y-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. iroXvs and niraXov.] In hvi-
any, having many petals. Martyn.
POL-Y-PHON'ie, a. Having or consisting of many voices
or sounds. Busby.
PO-LYPH'0-NISM,
PO-LYPH'O-NY,
of an echo.
PO-LYPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. no\vs and (pvWov.] In botany^
many-leafed.
POL'Y-PIeR, n. The name given to the habitations of
polypes. Cuvier.
POL'Y-PITE, n. Fossil polype.
POL'Y-PODE, 71. [Gr. noXvs and novg.] An animal having
many feet ; the milleped or wood-louse. Coxe.
PO-LYP'0-DY, n. [L. polypodium.] A plant of the genua
polypodium, of the order of Jilices or ferns.
POL'Y-POUS, a. Having the nature of the polypus; having
many feet or roots, like the polypus.
POL-Y-PRAG-MAT'I-€AL, a. Over-busy ; forward ; offi-
cious.
POL'Y-PUS, ) n. [Gr. noXvnovg,] 1. Something that has
POL'YPE, \ many feet or roots. — 2. In zoology, a spe-
cies of fresh-water insect. 3. A concretion of blood iu
the heart and blood vessels. Parr. 4. A tumor with a
narrow base, somewhat resembling a pear ; found in the
nose, uterus, &.c.
POL'Y-SeOPE, n. [Gr. tioXvs and cKonew.] A glass which
makes a single object appear as many. Diet.
POL'Y-SPAST, n. [Sp. polispastos.] A machine consisting
of many pulleys. Diet.
POL'Y-SPERM, n. [Gr. ttoXvs and ane^iiia.] A tree whose
fruit contains many seeds. Evelyn.
POL-Y-SPERM'OUS, a. Containing many seeds.
P0L-Y-SYL-LAB'1€, ) a. Pertaining to a polysyllable ;
POL-Y-SYL-LAB'I-€AL, \ consisting of many syllables,
or of more than three.
POL'Y-SYL-LA-BLE, n. [Gr. noXvs and o-'jXXa/?*?.] A word
of many syllables, that is, consisting of more syllables
than three.
POL-Y-SYN'DE-TON, n. [Gr. noXvavvSeTos.] A figure of
rhetoric by which the copulative is often repeated.
POL-Y-TE€H'NI€, a. [Gr. ::oXi;ff and rexfr}.] Denoting or
comprehending many arts.
* POL'Y-THE-ISM, 71. [Fr. polytheisme.] The doctrine of a
plurality of gods or invisible beings superior to man, and
having an agency in the government of the world.
* POL'Y-THE-ISl', 71. A person who believes in or main-
tains the doctrine of a plurality of gods.
POL-Y-THE-IS'TI€, ; a. 1. Pertaining to polytheism
POL-Y-THE-IS'TI-€AL, \ 2. Holding a plurality of gods
PoM'ACE, n. [h. pojmim ; Fr. poiiime.] The substance of
apples or of similar fruit crushed by grinding. In America.,
it is JO called before and after being pressed.
PO-Ma'CEOUS, a. 1. Consisting of apples. 2. Like
pomace.
PO-MaDE', 71. [Fr. pommade.] Perfumed ointment. [L.u.]
PO'MAJND-ER, 71. [Fr. pomme d'ambre.] A sweet ball; a
perfumed ball or powder. Bacon.
PO-Ma'TUM, 71. [Fr. pommade ; It. pomata ; Sp. pomada.]
An unguent or composition used in dressing the hair.
PO-Ma'TUM, v. t. To apply pomatum to the hair. Diet.
POME, n. [L. pcmum.] In botany, a pulpy pericarp without
valves, containing a capsule or core.
I POME, V. i. [Fr. pomvier.^ To grow to a head, or form a
head in growing. Diet.
POME-CIT'RON, n. A citron apple. B. Jonson.
POME-GRAN'ATE, (pom-gran'nat) 7!. [L. pomum and
granatum .] 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genug
punica. 2. The tree that produces pomegranates. 3. An
ornament resembling a pomegranate, on the robe and
ephod of the Jewish high-priest.
POME-GRAN' ATE-TREE, n. The tree which produces
pomegranates.
POME'ROY, (pom'roy) ) n. Royal apple ; a par-
POME-ROY'AL, (pom-roy'al) ) ticular sort of apple.
Aiiisworth.
PoME'-WA-TER, n. A sort of apple. Shak.
PO-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [!•. pomum and fero.] Apple-bearing.
POMME, cr POM-METTE', 7i. In heraldry, a cross with
one or more knobs at each of the ends.
PoM'MEL, 71. [Fr. pommeau.] 1. A knob or ball. 2. The
. knob on the hilt of a sword ; the protuberant part of a
saddle-bow ; the round knob on the frame of a chair,
&c.
PoM'MEL, V. t. To beat as with a pommel, that is, with
something thick or bulky ; to bruise.
PoM'MELED, pp. 1. Beaten ; bniised. — 2. In heraldry,
having pommeis, as a sword or dagger.
POM-Me'LJ-ON, 71. The cascabel or hindmost knob of a
cannon. Mar. Diet.
POMP, 71. [L. pompa ; Fr. pompe ; Arm. pump ; It., Sp
pompa.] 1. A procession distinguished by ostentation of
* See STjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULIi, UNITE.— € as K -, 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TII as in this, f Obsolete
PON e
grandeur and splendor. 2. Show of magnificence ; pa-
rade ; splendor.
t POM-PAT'I€, a. [Low L. pompaticTis.] Pompous j splen-
did ; ostentatious. Barrow.
POMP'ET, n. The ball which printers use to black the
types. Cotgrave.
POM'PHO-LYX, n. [L., from Gr. no//^oXu|.] The white
oxyd which sublimes during the combustion of zink.
P6MP'I-ON, 71. [D. pompoen.] A pumpkin ; a plant and its
fruit.
POM'TlRE, n. [L. pomum and pyrus.] A sort of pearmain.
Ainstoorth.
POM-POS'I-TY, n. [It. pompositd.] Pompousness j ostenta-
tion ; boasting. Aikin.
POMP'OUS, a. [Fr, pompeux ; It. pomposo.] 1. Displaying
pomp ; showy with grandeur ; splendid 3 magnificent.
2. Ostentatious ; boastful.
POMP'OUS-LY, adv. With great parade or display ; mag-
nificently ; splendidly ; ostentatiously. Dryden.
POMP'OUS-NESS, n. The state of being pompous ; mag-
nificence ; splendor; great display of show.
POM'-WA-TER, 71. The name of a large apple. Diet.
POND, n'.' [Sp., Port., It. pantano.] 1. A body of stagnant
' water without an outlet, larger than a puddle, and smaller
than a lake ; or a like body of water with a small outlet.
In the United States, we give this name to collections of
water in the interior country, which are fed by springs,
and from which issues a small stream. 2. A collection
of water raised in a river by a dam, for the purpose of
propelling mill-wheels. — Pond for fish ; see Fish-pond.
POND, V. t. [from the noun.] To make a pond ; to collect
in a pond by stopping the current of a river
t POND, V. t. To ponder. Spenser.
PON'DER, V. t. [L. pondero.] 1. To weigh in the mind ;
to consider and compare the circumstances or conse-
quences of an «!vent. 2. To view with deliberation ; to
examine.
PON'DER, V. i. To think ; to muse ; with on. Shak.
PON'DER-A-BLE, a. That may be weighed ; capable of
being weighed. Brown.
?ON'DER-AL, a. [L. pondus.] Estimated or ascertained by
weight, as distinguished from numeral.
PON'DER-ANCE, n. Weight ; gravity. Gregory.
t PON'DER-ATE, v. t. To weigh in the mind ; to consider.
PON-DER-A'TION, n. The act cf weighing. [Little tised.]
PON'DERED, pp. Weighed in the mind 5 considered ; ex-
amined by intellectual operation.
PON'DER-ER, 71. One that weighs in his mind.
PON'DER-ING, ppr. Weighing intellectually ; considering ;
deliberating on.
PON'DER-ING-LY, adv. With consideration or delibera-
tion. Hammond.
PON-DER-OS'I-TY, 71. Weight; gravity; heaviness,
PON'DER-OUS, a. [L. pouderosus.] 1. Very heavy;
weighty. 2. Important ; momentous. 3. Forcible ;
strongly impulsive. Dryden. — Ponderous spar, heavy
spar or barytes.
PON'DER-OUS-LY, adv. With great weight.
PON'DER-OUS-NESS, n. Weight ; heaviness ; gravity.
POND'- WEED, 71. [pond and weed.] A plant.
PO'NENT, a. [It. ponente ; L. ponens,] Western. [L. u.]
PON'GO, 71. A name of the orang outang. JVat. Hist.
PON'IARD, (pon'yard) n. [Fr. ^oignard.~\ A small dagger ;
a pointed instrument for stabbmg, borne in the hand or at
the girdle, or in the pocket.
PON'IARD, (pon'yard) v.t. To pierce with a poniard; to stab.
t PONK, 71. A nocturnal spirit ; a hag. Shak.
PONT' AGE, 71. [h.pons,pontis ; Sp.puente : W.pont.] A
duty paid for repairing bridges.
PON-TEE', n. In glass works, an iron instrument used to
stick the glass at the bottom.
PONT'ie, a. [L. Poiitus.] Pertaining to the Pontus, Eux-
ine, or Black sea. J. Barlow.
PON'TIP ' ['"" [Fr. powiife ; L. poTififea;.] A high-priest.
PON-TIF'I€, a. Relating to priests ; popish. Milton.
PON-TIF'I-€AL. a. [L. pontificalis.] 1. Belonging to a
. high-priest ; belonging to the pope ; popish. 2. Splendid ;
magnificent. 3. Bridge-building; [obs.]
PON-TIF'I-€AL, 71. 1. A book containing rites and cere-
monies ecclesiastical. South. 2. The dress and orna-
ments of a priest or bishop. Lowth.
tPON-TIF-I-€AL'I-Ti, n. The state and government of
the pope ; the papacy. Usher.
PON-TIF'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a pontifical manner.
P0N-T1F'I-€ATE, n. [L. pontificatus.'] 1. The state or
dignity of a high-priest; particularly, the office or dignity
of the pope. 2. The reign of a pope.
PONT'I-FlCE, n. Bridge-work; struct'ye or edifice of a
bridge. [Little used.] Milton.
PON-Tl-Fl"CIAL, a. Popish. Burton.
PO.V-TI-FFCIAN, a. Popish ; papistical. Hall.
PON-TI-Fl"CIAN, n. One that adheres to the pope ; a pa-
pist. Mountague.
A POP
PON'TINE, or POMP'TINE, a. [L. pontina.] Designating
a large marsh between Rome and Naples.
PONT'LE-VIS, n. In horsemanship, a disorderly resisting
of a horse by rearing repeatedly on his hind legs, so as to
be in danger of coming over.
PON-TOON', n. [Fr., Sp. ponton.] I. A flat-bottomed boat.
2. A lighter; a low, flat vessel.— Pontoon-bridge is a
bridge formed with pontoons. — Pontoon-carriage is made
with two wheels only.
Po'NY, n. A small horse.
POOD, n. A Russian weight, equal to 40 Russian or 36 Eng-
lish pounds.
POOL, 71. [Sax. pol, pul ; D. poel ; G. pfuhl.] A small col-
lection of water in a hollow place, supplied by a spring,
and discharging its surplus water by an outlet.
POOL, or POULE, n. [Fr. poule.] The stakes played for in
certain games of cards. Southern.
POOP, 71. [Fr. poupe ; It. poppa ; Sp, popa ; L. puppis.] The
highest and aftmost part of a ship's deck,
POOP, v. t. I. To strike upon the stern, as a heavy sea, 2.
To strike the stern, as one vessel that runs her stenj
against another's stern. Mar. Diet.
POOP'ING, n. The shock of a heavy sea on the stern or
quarter of a ship, when scudding in a tempest ; also, the
action of one ship's running her stem against another's
stern.
POOR, a. [L. pauper ; Fr. pauvre.] 1. Wholly destitute of
property, or not having property sufficient for a comforta-
ble subsistence ; needy. — 2. In law, so destitute of prop-
erty as to be entitled to maintenance from the public. 3.
Destitute of strength, beauty or dignity ; barren ; mean ;
jejune. 4. Destitute of value, worth or importance ; of
little use; trifling. 5. Paltry; mean; of little value. 6
destitute of fertility; barren; exhausted. 7. Of little
worth ; unimportant. Swift. 8, Unhappy ; pitiable. 9
Mean : depressf-d : low ; dejected ; destitute of spirit. 10.
Lean ;' emaciated. Hi. Small, or of a bad quality. 12.
Uncomfortable ; restless ; ill.'' 13. Destitute of saving
grace. Rev. iii. 14. Wanting good qualities. 15. A word
of tenderness or pity ; dear. 16. A word of slight con-
tempt , wretched. 17. The poor, collectively used as a
noun, those who are destitute of property ; the indigent :
the needy. — Poor in spirit, in a Scriptural sense, humble ;
contrite,
POOR'JOHN, n. Asort of fish [caZZariMS,] jSinsworth.
POOR'LY, adv. 1, Without wealth; in indigence. 2.
With little or no success ; with little growth, profit or ad-
vantage. 3, Meanly ; without spirit. 4, Without excel-
lence or dignity.
POOR'LY, a. Somewhat ill ; indisposed ; not in health ; a
common use of the toord in America. Th. Scott.
POOR'NESS, n. 1. Destitution of property ; indigence ;
poverty ; want. 2, Meanness ; lowness ; want of digni-
ty. 3. Want of spirit. 4. Barrenness ; sterility, 5. Un-
productiveness ; want of the metallic substance. 6.
Smallness or bad quality. 7, Want of value or impor-
tance. 8. Want of good qualities, or the proper qualities
which constitute a thing good in its kind. 9. Narrow-
ness ; barrenness ; want of capacity.
POOR-SPiR'IT-ED, a. Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base.
POOR-SPlRiIT-ED-NESS, n. Meanness or baseness of
spirit ; cowardice. South.
POP, 71, [B.poep.] A small, smart, quick sound or report.
POP, v. i. 1. To enter or issue forth with a quick, sudden
motion, 2. To dart ; to start from place to place sud-
denly.
POP, V. t. To thrust or push suddenly with a quick motion.
— To pop off, to thrust away ; to shift off, Locke.
POP, adv. Suddenly ; with sudden entrance or appearance.
POPE, n. [Gr, nana, nannag, nannog ; Low L, papa ; Sp,,
It.,¥oxt. papa j Yx.pape.] 1, The bishop of Rome the
head of the Catholic church. 2, A small fish, railed ilso
a ruff. Walton.
PoPE'DOM, 71, 1. The place, office or dignity of the pope ;
papal dignity. 2. The jurisdiction of the pope.
PoPE'-JoAN, n. A game of cards, Jenner.
PoPE'LING, 71, An adherent of the pope.
P6'PER-Y, 71, The religion of the church of Rome, compre-
Jiending doctrines and practices. Swift.
PoPE'S'-EyE, n. [pope and eye.] The gland surrounded
with fat in the middle of the thigh, Johnson.
POP'GUN, n. A small gun or tube used by children to shoot
wads and make a noise. Cheyne.
POP'IN-JAY, 71. [Sp. papagayo.] 1. A parrot, 2. A wood-
pecker, a bird with a gay head. The green woodpecker,
with a scarlet crown, a native of Europe. 3. A gay, tri-
fling young man ; a fop or coxcomb.
PoP'ISH, a. Relating to the pope ; taught by the pope ;
pertaining to the pope or to the church of Rome,
FoF'lSB-LiY, adv. In a popish manner; with a tendency
to popery,
POP'LAR, n. [L. populus ; Fr, peuplier.] A tree of the genus
populus, of several species,
POP'LIN, n. A stuff made of silk and worsted.
* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FA.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
POR
625
POR
I'OP-LIT'E-Ai., ; a. [L. pojttZes.] Pertaining to the ham or
POP-LIT le, i knee-joint. Mti. Repos.
POP'PET. See Puppet.
POP'PY, 11. [Sax. popeg ; Fr. pavot ; L. papaver.] A plant
of the genus papaver, of several species, from one of
which, the somniferumy or white poppy, is collected
opium.
POP'U-LACE, n. [Fr. ; It. popolaccio.'] The common peo-
ple ; the vulgar ; the multitude. Swift.
POP|U-LA-CY, n. The populace or common people.
rOP'U-LAR, a. [Fr. populaii-e ; Sip. popular ; li. popularis.]
1. Pertahiing to the common people. 2. Suitable to com-
mon people ; familiar ; plain ; easy to be comprehended ;
not critical or abstruse. 3. Beloved by the people ; enjoy-
ing the favor of the people ; pleasing to people in general.
4. Ambitious; studious of the favor of the people. 5.
Prevailing among the people ; extensively prevalent. —
d. In law, ?>. popular action is one which gives a penalty
to the person that sues for the same.
POP-U-LAR'I-TY, n. [L. popularitas.] 1. Favor of the
people ; the state of possessing the affections and confi-
dence of the people in general. 2. Representation suited
to vulgar or common conception ; that which is intended
or adapted to procure the favor of the people ; [little used.']
Bacon.
POP'U-LAR-TZE, V. t. To make popular or common ; to
spread among the people. Beddoes.
POP'U-LAR-lZED, pp. Made popular or introduced among
the people.
POP'U-LAR-TZ-ING, ppr. Making popular, or introducing
among the people.
POP'U-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a popular manner. Dryden.
2. According to the conceptions of the common people.
POP'IT-LATE, V. i. [Ft. popolare, from L. populus.] To
breed people ; to propagate. Bacon.
POP'U-LATE, V. t. To people : to furnish with inhabitants.
t POP'U-LATE, for populous.
POP'U-LA-TED, pyj. Furnished with inhabitants ; peopled.
POP<U-LA-T[NG,ypr. Peopling.
POP-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act or operation of peopling
or furnishing with inhabitants ; multiplication of inhabit-
ants. 2. The whole number of people or inhabitants in a
country. 3. The state of a country with regard to its
number of inhabitants, or rather with regard to its num-
bers compared with their expenses, consumption of goods
and productions, and earnings.
tPOP-U-LOS'I-TY, 7t. Populousness. Brown.
POP'U-LOUS, a. [L. populoszis.] Full of inhabitants ; con-
taining many inhabitants in proportion to the extent of
the country.
POP'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With many inhabitants in propor-
tion to the extent of country.
POP'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of having many inhab-
itants in proportion to the extent of country.
POR'€A-TED, a. [L. porca.] Ridged ; formed in ridges.
Asiat. Res.
POR'CE-LAIN", n. [Sp., Port, porcelana ,• Fr. porcelaine.]
1. The finest species of earthen ware, originally manu-
factured in China and Japan, but now made in several
European countries. 2. The plant called purslain, which
see.
POR-CEL-La'NE-OUS, a. [from porcelain.] Pertaining to
or resembling porcelain. Hatchett.
POR'CEL-LA-NITE, n. A silicious mineral.
PoRCH, 71. [Fr.porche.] 1. In arc/wiectM?-e, a kind of ves-
tibule, supported by columns, at the entrance of temples,
halls, churches or other buildings. 2. A portico ; a cov-
ered walk. 3. By way of distinction, the porch was a
public portico in Athens, where Zeno, the philosopher,
taught his disciples.
POR'CINE, a. [L. porcinus.] Pertaining to swine.
POR'€U-PlNE, n. [It. porco-splnoso ; Sp. puerco-espin ;
Fort, porco-espinho.] In zooZo^t/, a quadruped of the genus
hystrix. The crested porcupine has a body covered with
prickles which are very sharp, and some of them nme or
ten inches long ; these he can erect at pleasure.
POR'€U-PlNE-FISH, n. A fish covered with spines.
PORE, n. [Fr. pore ; Sp,, It. poro.] 1. In anatomy, a mi-
nute interstice in the skin of an animal, through which
the perspirable matter passes to the surface or is excreted.
2. A small spiracle, opening or passage in other sub-
stances.
PORE, V. i. [qu. Gr. E^opW; e(popaw.] To look with steady,
continued attention or application. Shak.
PORE, V. t. To examine ; with on. Milton.
PoRE'BLiND, or PUR'BLiND, a. [qu. Gr. itwpos.] Near-
sighted ; short-sighted. Bacon.
PoR'ER, n. One who pores or studies diligently.
POR'GY, n. A fish of the gilt-head kind.
Po'RI-]NESS, n. The state of being pory or having numer-
ous pores. Wiseman.
Po'RISM, n. [Gr. no^itrixos.] In geometry, a proposition
affirming the possibility offinding such conditions as will
render a certain problem indeterminate or capable of in-
numerable solutions.
PO-RIS'Tie, ) -o . ■ ■
PO-RIS'TI-€AL, I '^- Pertammg to a porism
Po'RITE, n. ; plu. Porites. A petrified madrepore.
PoRK, n. [L. porcus ; Fr. pore] The flesh of swine, fresh
or salted, used for food.
PoRK'-eAT-ER, n. One that feeds on swine's flesh.
PORK'ER, 71. A hog ; a pig. [Little used in America.] Pope
PoRK'ET, n. A young hog. Dryden.
PORK'LING, n. A pig. Tusser.
PO-ROS'I-TY, 71. The quality or state of having pores or in-
terstices. Bacon.
PoR'OUS, a. Having interstices in the skin or substance of
the body : having spiracles or passages for fluids.
POR'OUS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of having pores ; poros-
ity. 2. The porous parts ; [not authorized^
POR-PHY-RIT'ie, or POR-PHY-RA'CEOUS, a. 1. Per-
taining to porphyry ; resembling porphyry. 2. Contain-
ing or composed of porphyry.
POR'PHY-RiZE, V. t. To cause to resemble porphyry ; to
make spotted in its composition. Cooper.
POR'PHY-RY, n. [Gr. nop^upa ; L. porphyrites ; Fr. por-
phyre.] A mineral consisting of a homogeneous ground
with crystals. It is very hard, and susceptible of a fine
polish.
POR'PHY-RY-^HELL, n. An animal or shell of the genus
murex.
POR'PITE, ) n. The hair-button-stone, a small species of
POR'PI-TES, fossil coral
POR'POISE, PORTUS, or POR'PESS, n. [It. porco.] In
zoology, a cetaceous fish, sometimes called the sea-hog.
POR-Ra'CEOUS, a. [L. porraceus.] Greenish ; resembling
the leek in color. Wiseman.
t POR-RE€'TION, n. [L. porrectio.] The act of stretching
forth.
POR'RET, 71. [L. porrum ; It. porro, porretta.] A scallion ;
a leek or small onion. Brown.
POR'RiDGE, n. [qu. pottage, by corruption.] A kind of
food made by boiling meat in water; broth.
POR'RIDGE-POT, n. The not in which flesh, or flesh and
vegetables, are boiled for food.
POR'RIN-GER, n. [qu. porridge.] 1. A small metal vessel
in which children eat porridge or milk. 2. A head-dress
in the shape of a porringer, in contempt.
PoRT, 71. [Fr., from L. portus ; Sp. puerto ; It. porta.] 1.
A harbor ; a haven ; any bay, cove, inlet or recess of the
sea or of a lake, or the mouth of a river, which ships or
vessels can enter, and where they can lie safe from injury
by storms. 2. [L. porta.] A gate. 3. An embrasure or
opening in the side of a ship of war, through which can-
non are discharged ; a port-hole. 4. The lid which shuts
a port-hole. 5. Carriage ; air ; mien ; manner of move-
ment or walk ; demeanor ; external appearance. — 6. In
seamen''s language, the larboard or le-ft side of a ship. 7
A kind of wine made in Portugal, so called from Oporto.
— Port of the voice, in music, the faculty or habit of mak-
ing the shakes, passages and diminutions.
F6RT,v.t. 1. To carry in form. Milton. 2. To turn or
put to the left or larboard side of a ship.
PORT'A-BLE, a. [It. portahile.] 1. That may be carried
by the hand or about the person, on horseback or in a
traveling vehicle ; not bulky or heavy ; that may be easi-
ly conveyed from place to place with one's traveling bag-
gage. 2. That may be carried from place to place. 3.
That may be borne along with one. 4. Sufferable ; sup-
portable ; [obs.] Shak.
PoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being portable.
PoRT'AGE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of carrying. 2. The
price of carriage. Fell. 3. A port-hole ; [unusual.] Shak.
4. A carrying-place over land between navigable waters.
Jefferson.
PoRT'AL, n. [It.portella ; Tr.portail.] 1. In architecture.
a little gate, where there are two gates of different dimen-
sions. 2. A little square corn^^r of a room, separated from
the rest by a wainscot, and forming a short passage into a
room. 3. A kind of arch of joiner's work before a door.
4. A gate ; an opening for entrance.
t PoRT'ANCE, n. [from Fr. porter, to carry.] Air ; mien ,
carriage ; port ; demeanor. Spenser. Shak.
t PoRT'ASS, n. A breviary , a prayer-book. Spenser.
t PoRT'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. portatif.] Portable. Chaucei .
PoRT'-BaR, n. A bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale
of wind.
PoRT'CHAR-6ES, 71. In commerce, charges to which a ship
or its cargo is subjected in a harbor, as wharfage, &c.
PoRT'-€RaY-ON, n. A pencil-case. Encyc.
PoRT-€UL'LIS, 1 71. In fortification, an assemblage of tim-
PoRT'CLUSE, S bers joined across one another, like
those of a harrow, and each pointed with iron, hung over
the gateway of a fortified town, to be let down in case of
surprise, to prevent the entrance of an enemy.
PoRT-€UL'LIS, V. t To shut ; to bar ; to obstruct.
PoRT-€UL'LlSED, a. Having a portcullis, Shenstone.
* See Synops
MOVE, BQOK, Dove ;-BULL, UNITE.-€ as K ; Gas J : ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this.
40
t Obsolete,
POR
626
ros
P6RTE, n. The Ottoman court, so called from the gate of
_the sultan's palace, where justice is administered.
PORT'ED, a. 1. Having gates ; [ohs.] B. Jonson. 2. Borae
in a certain or regular order. Jones.
POR-TEND', z;. t. [L. portendo.] To foreshow j to fore-
token ; to indicate something future by previous signs.
POR-TEND'ED, pp. Foreshown ; previously indicated by
signs.
POR-TEND'ING,f>;w. Foreshowing.
t POR-TEN'SION^ n. The act of foreshowing.
POR-TENT', n. [L. portentum.] An omen of ill ; any pre-
vious sign or prodigy indicating the approacli of evil or
calamity. Dry den.
VOR-TENT'OUS, a. [L. portentosus.] 1. Ominous ; fore-
showmg ill. 2. Monstrous ; prodigious ; wonderful ; in
an ill sense.
PORT'ER, n. [It. portiere ; Fr. portier.] 1. A man that has
the charge of a door or gate ; a door-keeper. 2. One that
waits at the door to receive messages. 3. [Fr. porteur,
horn porter, to carry.] A carrier ; a person who carries or
conveys burdens for hire. 4. A malt liquor which difiers
from ale and pale beer in being made with high-dried
malt.
PoRT'ER-A6E, re. 1. Money charged or paid for the car-
riage of burdens by a porter. Tooke. 2. The business of
a porter or door-keeper. Churchill.
t PoRT'ER-LY, a. Coarse ; vulgar. Bray.
PORT'ESSE. See Portass.
PoRT'FiRE, n. A composition for setting fire to powder,
&c., frequently used in preference to a match.
P6RT-Fo'LI-0, n. [Fr. porte-feuille.] A case of the size of
a large book, to keep loose papers m.
t PORT'GLAVE, n. [Fr. porter, and W. glaiv.] A sword-
bearer. JiinsiDorth.
PORT'GRAVE, PoRT'GREVE, or PoRT'REEVE, 7Z. [L.
partus, and G. graf] Formerly, the chief magistrate of a
port or maritime town.
PoRT'-HoLE, 71. The embrasure of a ship of war.
PoR'TI-€0, n. [It. portico ; L. porticus.] In architecture, a
kind of gallery on the ground, or a piazza encompassed
with arches supported by columns ; a covered walk.
PoR'TION, 71. [L. portio.] 1. In general, a part of any
thing separated from it. 2. A part, though not actually
divided, but considered by itself. 3. A part assigned ; an
allotment ; a dividend. 4. The part of an estate given to
a child or heir, or descending to him by law. 5. A wife's
fortune.
PoR'TION, V. t. 1. To divide ; to parcel ; to allot a share or
shares. 2. To endow.
PoR'TIONED, pp. 1. Divided into shares or parts. 2. En-
dowed ; furnished with a portion.
PoR'TION-ER, n. One who divides or assigns in shares.
PQR'TION-ING, jy?/-. Dividing; endowing.
PoRTION-IST,' 71. 1. One who has a certain academical
allowance or portion. 2. The incumbent of a benefice
which has more rectors or vicars than one.
PoRT'LAND-STONE, 71 A compact sand-stone.
PoRT'LAST, or PoR'TOISE, n. The gunwale of a ship.
PORT'LID, 71. The lid that closes a porthole.
PoRT'LI-NESS, n. Dignity of mien or of personal appear-
ance, consisting in size and symmetry of body, with dig-
nified manners and demeanor.
PoRT'LY, a. 1. Grand or dignified in mien ; of a noble ap-
pearance and carriage. 2. Bulky ; corpulent.
PoRT'-MAN, 71. [port and man.l An inhabitant or burgess,
as of a cinque-port.
PoRT-MAN'TEAU, (port- man 'to) n. [Fr. porte-manteau.
It is often pronounced portmaiitle.] A bag, usually made
of leather, for carrying apparel and other furniture on
journeys, particularly on horseback.
PqRT'-MOTE, 71. [port, and Sax. viot.] Anciently, a court
held in a port town. Blaclistone.
PoR'TOISE. See Portlast.
PoR'TRAIT, 71. [Fr. portrait.'] A picture or representation
of a person, and especially of a face, drawn from the life.
t PoR'TRAIT, V. t. To portray ; to draw. Spencer.
PoR'TRAI-TURE, 71. [Fr.] A portrait; painted resemblance.
Milton._
PoR-TRaY-'. v. t. [Fr. portraire.] 1. To paint or draw the
likeness of any thing in colors. 2. To describe in words.
3. To adorn with pictures.
PoR-TRaY'ED, (por-trade') pp. Painted or dra-vn to the
life ; described
PoR-TRaY'ER, 71. One who paints, draws to the life or
describes.
PoR-TRaY'ING, ppr. Painting or drawing the likeness of;
describing.
PoR'TRESS, ) 71. [from porter.] A female guardian of a
PoR'TER-ESS, \ gate. Mlton.
PoRT'REVE, 71. [The modem orthography of portgreve,
which see.] The chief magistrate of a port or maritime
town.
PORT '-ROPE, n. A rope to draw up a portlid.
t POR'WIG-LE, 71. A tadpole ; a yt*aag frog. Brow*
PoR'Y, a. Full of pores or small interstices.
POSE, 71. In heraldry, a lion, horse or other beast standing
still, with all his feet on the ground.
t POSE, 71. [Sax. gepose.] A stuffing of the head ; catarrh.
Chaucer.
POSE, V. t. [W. posiaw ; Fr. poser.] 1. To puzzle, [a word
of the same origin ;] to set ; to put to a stand or stop ; to
gravel. 2. To puzzle or put to a stand by asking difficult
questions ; to set by questions ; hence, to interrogate
closely, or with a view to scrutiny.
Posed, pp. Puzzled ; put to a stand ; interrogated closely.
POS'ER, 71. One that puzzles by asking difficult questions ;
a close examiner.
Posing, ppr. PuzzUng; putting to a stand; questioning
closely.
POS'I-TED, a. [h.positus.] Put; set; placed.
PO-Si"TION, 71. [L. positio.] 1. State of bemg placed; sit-
uation ; often with reference to other objects, or to differ-
ent parts of the same object. 2. Manner of standing or
being placed ; attitude. 3. Principle laid down ; proposi-
tion advanced or affirmed as a fixed principle, or stated as
the ground of reasoning, or to be proved. 4. The advance-
ment of any principle. 5. State ; condition. — 6. In gram-
mar, the state of a vowel placed between two consonants
t PO-Sl"TION-AL, a. Respecting position. Brown.
POS'I-TlVE, a. [it. positivo ; Fr. positif ; Low L. post-
tivus.] 1. Properly, set; laid down; expressed; direct;
explicit. 2. Absolute ; express ; not admitting any con-
dition or discretion. 3. Absolute ; real ; existing in fact ;
opposed to negative. 4. Direct ; express ; opposed to
circumstantial. 5. Confident; fully assured. 6. Dog-
matic ; over-confident in opinion or assertion. 7. Settled
by arbitrary appointment. Hooker. 8. Having power to
act directly.
POS'I-TlVE, 71. 1. What is capable of being affirmed ; re-
ality. 2. That which settles by absolute appointment. —
3. In grammar, a word that affirms or asserts existence
POS'I-TI VE-LY, adv. 1. Absolutely ; by itself :.idependent
of any thing else ; not comparatively, z Not negative-
ly ; really ; in its own nature ; directly ; inherently.
3. CertEiinly ; indubitably. 4. Directly ; explicitly ; ex-
pressly. 5. Peremptorily ; in strong terms 6. With full
confidence or assurance.
POS'I-TlVE-NESS, n. 1. Actualness; reality of existence ;
not mere negation. 2. Undoubtkig assurance ; full confi
dence ; peremptoriness.
t POS-I-TIV'I-TY, 71. Peremptoriness. Watts.
jPOS'I-TURE, for posture. See Posture.
POS'NET, 7i. [W. pos-iied.] A little basin; a porringer
skillet or sauce-pan. Owen.
POS-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to posology.
PO-SOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. noaos and 'Xoyos.] In medicine, the
science or doctrine of doses. Amer. Dispensatory.
POS'PO-LITE, 72. A kind of militia in Poland.
POSS, V. t. To dash violently in water; as, to poss clothes.
POSS, 71. 1. A water-fall. Craven dialect. 2. Aposs-lub.
POS'SE €OM-I-Ta'TUS, i. In law, the power of the
country, or the citizens, who are summoned to assist an
officer"in suppressing a riot, or executing any legal pre-
cept which is forcibly opposed. The word corrutatus is
often omitted, and posse alone is used in the same sense.
Blackstone. — 2. In low language, a number or crowd of
people ; a rabble.
* POS-SESS', V. t. [L. possessus, possideo.] 1. To have the
just and legal title, ownei-ship or property of a thing ; to
own ; to hold the title of, as the rightful proprietor, or to
hold both the title and the thing. 2. To hold ; to occupy
without title or ownership. 3. To have ; to occupy.
4. To seize ; to gain ; to obtain the occupation of. 5. To
have power over, as an invisible agent or spirit. Luke,
viii. 6. To affect by some power. — To possess of, or with,
more properly to possess of, is to give possession, com-
mand or occupancy. — To possess one's self of, to take or
gain possession or command ; to make one's self master
of. — To possess with, to furnish or fill with something
permanent ; or to be retained. Jiddison.
* POS-SESS'ED, (pos-sesf) pp. Held by lawful title ; occu-
pied ; enjoyed ; affected by demons or invisible agents.
* POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Having or holding by absolute right
or title ; occupying ; enjoying.
* POS-SES'SION, 71. l.The having, holding or detention of
property in one's power or command ; actual seizin or
occupancy, 2. The thing possessed ; land, estate or goods
owned. 3. Any thing valuable possessed or enjoyed.
4. The state of being under the power of demons or in-
visible beings; madness; lunacy. — Writ of possession, a
precept directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable
possession of property recovered in ejectment. — To take
possession, to enter on, or to bring within one's power
or occupancy. — To give possession, to put in another's
power or occupancy.
* t POS-SES'SION, v. t. To invest with property. Carew.
* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, 0, Y, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
POS
627 POS
* POS-SES'SION-ER, n. One that has possession of a thing,
or power ov&r it. [Little used ] Sidney.
*-f OS-SESS'IVE, a. [L. possesaivus.] Pertaining to posses-
sion ; having possession. — Possessive case, in English
grammar, is the genitive case, or case which expresses
possession.
* POS-SESS'OR, n. 1. An occupant ; one that has possession.
2. One fliat has, holds or enjoys any good or other thing.
*POS-SESS'0-E.¥", a. Having possession. Howel.— Possesso-
ry action^ in law, an action or suit in which the right of
possession only, and not that of property, is contested.
POS'SET, n. [W. posel.] Milk curdled with wine or other
liquor. Dryden.
POS'SET, V. t. To curdle j to turn. Shak.
POS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. possibilite^ The power of being
or existing ; the power of happening ; the state of being
possible.
POS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; It. possibile ; L. possibilis.] That
may be or exist; that may be now, or may happen or
come to pass ; that may be done ; not contrary to the na-
ture of things.
POS'SI-BLY, adv. 1. By any power, moral or physical,
really existing. 2. Perhaps ; without absurdity.
f PoST, a. [from Fr. aposte?-.] Suborned ; hired to do what
is wrong. Sandys.
Post, ?,.. [W. post .• D., Dan., Sw.post ; Fr. poste.] 1. A
piece of timber set upright, usually larger than a stake,
and intended to support something else. 2. A military
station ; the place where a single soldier or a body of
troops is stationed. 3. The troops stationed in a particu-
lar place, or the ground they occupy. 4. A public office
or employment, that is, a fixed place or station. 5. A
messenger ur a carrier of letters and papers. 6. A seat or
situation. 7. A sort of wiiting-paper, such as is used for
letters; letter-paper. 8. An old game at cards. — To ride
post, to be employed to carry dispatches and papers. —
Knight of the post, a fellow suborned or hired to do a bad
action. -
Post, ■». i. \¥t. poster. '\ To travel with speed.
Post, v.t. l. To fix to a post. 2. To expose to public re-
proach by fixing the name to a post ; to expose to oppro-
brium by some public action. 3. To advertise on a post
or in A public place. Laics of JVew England. 4. To set ;
to place ; to station. — 5. In book-keeping, to carry accounts
from the waste-book or journal to the ledger. — To post off,
to put off; to delay ; [obs.] Shak.
Post, a Latin preposition, signifying after. It is used in
this sense in composition in many English words.
t PoST'A-BLE, a. That may be carried. Mountague.
P6ST'A6E, n. 1. The price established by law to be paid
for the conveyance of a letter in a public mail. 2. A port-
age ; [obs.'] Smollet.
PoST'BOY, n. A boy that rides as post ; a courier. Tatler.
PoST'-CHaISE, n. [See Chaise.] A carriage with four
wheels for the conveyance of travelers.
PoST'DATE, V. t. [L. post and date.] To date after the
real time. _
PoST-DI-LU'VI-AL, la. [L. postanA dduviiim.'] Being or
PoST-DI-Lu'VI-AN, \ happening posterior to the flood
m Noah's days.
PoST-DI-LtJ'VI-AN, n. A person who lived after the flood,
or who hasjived since that event. Grew.
PoST-DIS-SeI'ZIN, n. A subsequent disseizin.
PoST-DIS-SeI'ZOR, n. A person who disseizes another of
lands which he had before recovered of the same person.
Blackstone.
PoST'E-A, n. [L.] The record of what is done in a cause
subsequent to the joining of issue and awarding of trial.
Blackstone.
PoST'ED, pp. 1. Placed ; stationed. 2. Exposed on a post
or by public notice. 3. Carried to a ledger, as accounts.
PoST'ER, n. One who posts ; also, a courier ; one that
travels expeditiously.
POS-Te'RI-OR, a. [L. ; Fr. posterieur.'] 1. Later or subse-
quent in time. 2. Later in the order of proceeding or
moving ; coming after.
POS-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. [Fr. posteriority. ] The state of be-
ing later or subsequent. Hale.
POS-TE'Rt-ORS, n. plu. The hinder parts of an animal
body. Sicift.
POS-TER'I-TY, n. [Fr. posterite ; L. posteritas.] 1. De-
scendants ; children, children's children, &c. indefinitely;
the race that proceeds from a progenitor. — 2. In a general
sense, succeeding generations. Pope.
PoS'TERN, n. [Fr. pdterne.] 1. Primarily, a back door or
gate ; a private entrance ; hence, any small door or gate.
Dryden. — ^2. In fortification, a small gate, usually in the
angle of the flank of a bastion.
PoS'TERN, a. Back ; being behind ; private. Dryden.
PoST-EX-TST'ENCE , n. Subsequent existence.
P6ST'-FA€T, n. That which represents or relates to a fact
that has occurred.
PoST'-FlNE, n. In English law, a fine due to the king by
prerogative, after a licentia concordandi given in a fine of
Jands and tenements. Blackstone.
POST'FIX, n. [L. post, and j^z.] In grammar, a letter, syl-
lable or word added to the end of another word ; a sufiix
Parkhurst.
PoST'FIX, V. t. To add or annex a letter, syllable or word,
to the end of another or principal word.
PoST-FIX'ED, (post-fixf) pp. Added to the end of a word.
PoST-FIX'ING, ppr. Adding to the end of a word.
PoST-HACK'NEY, n. A hired posthorse.
PoST'-HaSTE, n. Haste or speed in traveling, like that of
a post or courier. Shak.
PoST'-HaSTE, adv. With speed or expedition.
PoST'-HORSE, n. A horse stationed for the use of couriers.
PoST'-HOUSE, n. A house where a post-office is kept for
receiving and dispatching letters by public mails ; a post-
office.
t POST'HUME, a. Posthumous. Watts.
* POST'HU-MOUS, a. [L. jfost and humus.] 1. Born after
the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of the
mother. 2. Published after the death of the author. 3
Being after one's decease.
* POST'HU-MOUS-LY, adv. After onei's decease.
t PoST'ie, a. [L. posticus.] Backward. Brown.
POS'TIL, n. [It. postilla.] A marginal note.
POS'TIL, v.t. [It. postillare.] To write marginal notes
to gloss ; to illustrate with marginal notes. Bacon.
POS'TIL, V. i. To comment ; to make illustrations. Skelton.
POS'TIL-ER, n. One who writes marginal notes ; one who
illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin.
* POS-TILL'ION, (pos-til'yun) n. [Fr. postilion.] One thai
rides and guides the first pair of horses in a coach or othei
carriage ; also, one that rides one of the horses.
PoST'ING, p^jr. 1. Setting up on a post ; exposing the name
or character to reproach by public advertisement. 2. Plac-
ing ; stationing. 3. Transferring accounts to a ledger.
PoST-LI-MIN'I-AR, { a. Contrived, done or existing sub-
PoST-LI-MIN'I-OUS, \ seauently.
POST-LI-MIN'T-UM, ) n. [L. pose snd limen.] Postlimini-
POST-LIM'1-NY, \ urn, among the Romans, was the
rfeturn of a person to his own country who had gone to
sojourn in a foreign country. — In the modem law of na-
tions, the right of postliminy is that by virtue of which
persons and things, taken by an enemy in war, are restor-
ed to their former state, when coming again under the
power of the nation to which they belonged.
PoST'MAN, n. A post or courier ; a letter-carrier.
PoST'MARKj n. The mark or stamp of a post-office on a
letter.
PoST'MAS-TER, n. The officer who has the superintend-
ence and direction of a post-office. — Postmaster-general
is the chief officer of the post-office department.
PoST-ME-RID'I-AN, a. [L. postrneridianus.] Being or be-
longing to the afternoon. Bacon.
PoST'NATE, a. [L. post and natus.] Subsequent. [L. w.]
Taylor.
PoST'-NOTE, n. [post and note.] In commerce, a bank-
note intended to be transmitted to a distant place by the
public mail, and made payable to order.
PoST-NUP'TIAL, a. Being or happening after marriage.
Kent.
PoST'-OF-FlCE, n. An office or house where letters are re-
ceived for delivery and for transmission ; a post-house.
PoST'-PaID, a. Having the postage paid on ; as a letter.
PoST-PoNE', V. t. [L. postpono.] 1. To put off; to defer
to a future or later time ; to delay. 2. To set below some-
thing else in value or importance.
PoST-PoN'ED, (post-pond') pp. Delayed ; defen-ed to a fu-
ture time ; set below in value.
PoST-PoNE'MENT, n. The act of deferring to a future
time ; temporary delay of business. T. Pickering.
t PoST-PO'NENCE, n. Dislike. Johnson.
PoST-PoN'ER, 71. One who delays or puts oft'. Paley.
PoST-PoN<lNG,;7pr. Deferring to a future time.
PoST-PO-Sl"TION, n. ,[post and position.] The state of be-
ing put back or out of the regular place. Mede.
PoST-RE-MoTE', a. [post and remote.] More remote in
subsequent time or order. Darwin.
PoST'SCRiPT, n. [L. post and scriptum.] A paragraph
added to a letter after it is concluded and signed by the
writer ; or any addition made to a book or composition af-
ter it had been supposed to be finished. Mddison.
PoST'-TOWN, n. 1. A town in which a post-office is estab-
lished. 2. A town in which post-horses are kept.
POST'U-LANT, n. One who makes demand.
POST'U-LATE, 71. [L. postulatum.] A position or supposi-
tion assumed without proof, or one which is considered as
self-evident, or too plain to require illustration.
POST'U-LATE, V. t. 1. To beg or assume without proof;
[little used.] Brown. 2. To invite ; to solicit ; to require
by entreaty.. Burnet. 3. To assume; to take without
positive consent. Tooke.
POST-U-La'TION, n. [L. postulatio.] 1. The act of sup-
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE }— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J 5 S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
POT
628
POU
posing witliout proof; gratuitous assumption. 2. Suppli-
cation ; intercession ; also, suit ; cause.
FOST'U-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Assuming without proof. 2.
Assumed witliout proof. Broicn.
POST-U-La'TUM, 71. [L.] A postulate. Addison.
POST'URE, n. \Yx. ; L. positura.'\ 1. In painting and sculp-
ture, attitude ; the situation of a figure with regard to the
eye, and of the several principal members with regard to
each other, by which action is expressed. 2. Situation ;
cohdition ; particular state with regard to something else.
3. Situation 'of the body. 4. State ; condition. 5. The
situation or disposition of the several parts of the body
with respect to each other, or with respect to a particular
purpose. 6. Disposition ; frame.
POST'tTPE, V. t. To place in a particular manner ; to dis-
pose the parts of a body for a particular purpose.
POST'UHE-MaS'TER, a. One that teaches or practices ar-
tificial postures of the body. Spectator.
Po'SY, n. [qu. poesy.] 1. A motto inscribed on a ring, (fee.
Addison. 2. A bunch of flowers. Spenser.
POT, n. [Fr. pot ; Ir. pota ; Sw.potta ; Ban. potte ; W.pot.]
1. A vessel more deep than broad, made of earth, or iron
or other metal, used for several domestic purposes. 2. A
sort of paper of small-sized sheets. — To ffo to pot, to be de-
stroyed, ruined, wasted or expended ; [a low phrase.]
POT, V. t. 1. To preserve seasoned in pots. 2. To inclose
or cover in pots of earth. 3. To put in casks for draining.
Po'TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; Low L. potabilis.] Drinkable ; that
may be drank. Milton.
PO'Ti\-BLE, 71. Something that may be drank.
PO'TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being drinkable.
POT'AGE, 71. [Fr. ; It. potag^o.] A species of food made
of meat boiled to softness" in water, usually with some
vegetables.
P0T'A-6ER, 71. [from potage.] A pon'inger. Oreic.
PO-TAG'RO, or PO-TAR'GO, n. A kind of pickle imported
from the West Indies, King.
Po'TAXCE, 71. With -icatchmakers, the stud in which the
lower pivot of the verge is placed. Scott.
POTASH, 71. [pot and a-'hes ; D. potasch ; Dan. potaske ;
Fr. potasse.] The popular name of vegetable fixed alkali
in an impure state, procured from the ashes of plants by
lixiviation and evaporation.
PO-TAS'SA, n. The scientific name of potash.
PO-TAS'SI-UM, 71, A name given to the metallic basis of
vegetable alkali or potash.
PO-Ta'TION, n. [L. potatio.] 1, A di'inking or drinking
bout. 2. A draught, 3, A species of drink,
PO-Ta'TO, 71. [Ind, batatas.] A plant and esculent root of
the genus so^anum, a native of America,
POT'-BEL-LIED, a. Having a prominent belly.
POT'-BEL-LY, 71. A protuberant belly.
t POTCH, V. t. [Fr. pocher ; Eng. to poke.] 1. To thrust ;
to push. SAaA-. 2. To poach ; to boil slightly. Wiseman.
POTCH, V. i. [Fr, pocher.] To push ; to thrust, Shak.
POT-€OM-P.AiSf'ION, n. A companion in drinking,
POT'-HOUSE, 71. An ale-house. Warton.
PoTE'LOT, 71. The sulphuret of molybden.
Po'TEXCE, n. In heraldry, a cross, whose ends resemble
^he head of a crutch. Encyc.
Po'TEN-CY, 71. [L. potentia.] 1. Power; physical power,
energy or efficacy ; strength. 2. Moral power ; influence ;
authority,
Po'TE^T, a. [L. potent.] 1. Powerful ; physically strong ;
forcible ; efficacious. 2. Powerful, in a moral sense ; hav-
ing great influence. 3. Having great authority, control or
dominion.
fPo'TENT, n. 1. A prince; a potentate. Shak. 2. A
walking stafi" or crutch. Chaucer.
t Po'TEN-TA-CY, n. Sovereignty. Barrow.
PO'TEN-TATE, n. [Fr. pctentat : Jt. potentato.] A person
who possesses great power or sway ; a prince ; a sove-
reign ; an emperor, king or monarch.
PO-TEX'TIAL, a. [L. potentialis.] 1. Having power to
impress on us the ideas of certain qualities, though the
qualities are not inherent in the thing. 2. Existing in
possibility, not in act. 3. Efficacious : powerful ; [obs.]
— Potential mode, in grawmar, is that form of the verb
which is used to express the jiower, possibility, liberty or
necessity of an action or of being.
PO-TEXTIAL, 71. Any thing that may be possible.
PO-TEX-TIAL'I-TY, 7!. Possibility ; not actuality. Taylor.
PO-TEXTIAL^LY, adv. 1. In possibility ; not in act ; not
positively. 2. In efficacy, not in actuality.
Po TENT-LY, adv. Powerfully ; with great forc« or en-
er^-v.
Po'TENT-NESS, n. Powerfulness ; strength ; might. [Little
used-.]
TPo'1'ES-TA-TIVE, a. [L.potestas.] Authoritative.
I POTGUN, for popgun. Sicift.
POT'-HANG-ER, n. [pot and hanger.] A pot-hook,
POTH'E-€A-RY. Contracted from apothecary, and very
vulgar,
*POTH'ER, n. [This word is vulgarly pronounced bother.]
1, Bustle ; confusion ; tumult ; flutter [low.] Swift. 2
A suffocating cloud, Draifton.
* POTH'ER, V. i. To make a blustering, ineffectual effort , to
make a stir,
* POTH'ER, V. t. To harass and perplex ; to puzzle.
POT'HERB, (pot'erb) 7i, An herb for the pot or for cookery
a culinary plant, Arbuthnot.
POT'-HOOK, n. 1. A hook on which pots and kettles are
hung over the fire. 2. A letter or character like a pot-
hook ; a scrawled letter.
PO'TION, n. [Fr. ; Tu. potio.l A draught; usually , xiMqai^
medicine ; a dose. JSJilton.
POT'LID, 71. The lid or cover of a pot. Derham.
POT'-MAN, n. A pot companion.
POT'SHARE, ) n. [pot, and Sax. sceard ; D. potscherf.] A
POT SHERD, ) piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job ii
POT'STOXE, n. A mineral ; a variety of steatite.
P0T'TA6E, 72, Broth ; soup. See Potage.
POT'TED, pp. Preserved or drained in a pot or cask.
POT'TER, 71. One whose occupation is to make earthen
vessels, Dryden.
POT'TER, V. t. 1. To poke ; to push ; as, to potter the fire
JVorth of England. 2. To pother; to disturb; to confound,
POT'TERN-ORE, 71. A species of ore. Boyle.
POT'TER-Y, 71. [Fr, poterie:] 1, The vessels or ware made
by potters ; earthen ware, 2. The place where earthen
vessels are manufactured.
POT'TING, 71. 1. Drinking ; tippling.— 2, In the West Indies,
the process of putting sugar in casks for draining.
POT'TING, ppr. Preserving in a pot ; draining, as above ;
drinking.
POT TLE,7!. [W.potel.] 1. r^ ^^aiA measure of four pmts.
2. A vessel ; a pot or tankard.
fPOT'U-LENT, a. [L, potuUntus.] 3 Pretty much in
drink. Diet. 2, Fit to drink.
POT-VAL'IAXT, a. [jpot and valiant.] Courageous over
the cup ; heated to valor by strong drink.
POUCH, n. [Yi.poche.] 1, A small bag ; usually , ^ leaih-
ern bag to be carried in the pocket. 2. A protuberant
belly. 3, The bag or sack of a fowl, as that of the
pelican.
POUCH, V. t. 1. To pocket ; to save, 2, To swallow ; used
of fowls, whose crop is called, in French, poche.' 3. To
pout ; [obs.]
t POUCH'-MOUTHED, a. Blubber-lipped. Ainsicorth.
t PoUL'-Da-VIS, 71. A sort of sail-cloth. Ainswarth.
POULE. See Pool.
t PoULT, n. [Fr. pouletj] A young chicken. [Little used.]
POUE'TER-ER, or PoUE'TER, 71. [^oxm. poltaire.] l.One
who makes it his business to sell fowls for the table. 2.
Formerly, in England, an officer of the king's household,
_who had the charge of the poultry.
Poultice, 7!. [ll.polta;'L.puls,pultis.] A cataplasm;
a soft composition to be applied to sores.
PoUL'TlCE, V. t. To applv a cataplasm to.
fPoUL'TIVE, for poultice. Temple.
PoUL'TRY, 7!. [from Fr. poule, poulet.] Domestic fowls
which are propagated and fed for the table.
PoUL'TRY-YaRD, n. A yard or place where fowls are
kept for the use of the table,
POUXCE, (pouns) n. [Fr. pierre-ponce.] 1. Gum-sandarach
pulverized, 2, Charcoal dust inclosed. Cyc. 3. Cloth
worked in eyelet-holes, Todd.
POUNCE, V. t. To sprinkle or rub with pounce.
POUNCE, n. The claw or talon of a bird of prey.
POUNCE, V. t. To fall on suddenly ; to fall on and seize
with the claws.
POUNCE'-BOX, ) 7?. A small box with a perforated lid,
POUN'CET-BOX, \ used for sprinkling pounce on paper.
POUNCED, pp. Furnished with c'aws or talons.
POUND, 71, [Sax., Goth., Sw., Dan, pund ; D. pond.] 1, A
standard vveight consisting of twelve ounces troy or six-
teen ounces avoirdupois. 2, A mone3'- of account consist-
ing of twenty shillings, the value of which is different in
different countries. The pound sterling is equivalent to
$4 44. 44 cts. money of the United States.
POUND, 77. [Bax. pyndan, piiidan.] An inclosure erected by
authority, in which cattle or other beasts are confined
when taken in trespassing, or going at large in violation
of law; a pin -fold.
POUND, V. t. To confine in a public pound.
POUND, v.t. [Sax. punian.] 1. To beat; to strike with
some heavy instrument. Dryden. 2. To comminute and
pulverize by beating.
POUND' A6E, 71. 1. A sum deducted from a pound, or a cer-
tain sum paid for each pound. Swift. — 2. In England, a
subsidy of 12(Z. in the pound, granted to the crown on all
goods exported or imported.
POUND'BReACH, 71. The breaking of a public pound for
releasing beasts confined in it. Blackstone.
POUND'ED, pp. 1. Beaten or bruised with a heavy instru-
ment ; pulverized or broken by pounding, 2. Confined
in a pound ; impounded,
POUND'ER, n. 1, A pestle ; the instrument of pounding.
See Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, long.—FA^ ^ALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
POW
629
PRA
2. A person or thing denominated from a certain number
of pounds. 3. A large peeir.
POUND FOOL'ISH. The phrase penny wise and pound
fvolish signifies negligent in the care of large sums, but
careful to save small sums.
POUNP'ING, ppr. Beating J bruising; pulverizing; im-
poui-ding
POUP'E-TON, n. [Fr. poupce.] A puppet or little baby,
t POU'Pl€S, n. Veal steaks and slices of bacon.
P5U PIES, n. In cookery, a mess of victuals made of veal
steaks and slices of bacon. Bailey.
♦POUR, (pore) v. t. [W. bwrw.] 1. To throw, as a fluid
in a stream, either out of a vessel or into it. 2. To emit ;
to send forth in a stream or continued succession. 3. To
send ;'orth. 4. To throw in profusion or with overwhelm-
ing force.
* PoQR, V. i. 1. To flow ; to issue forth in a stream, or con-
tinued succession of parts ; to move or rush, as a current.
2. To rush in a crowd or continued procession.
* PqURED, pp. Sent forth ; thrown, as a fluid.
* PoUR ER, n. One that pours.
* PoUR'ING, ppr. Sending, as a fluid ; driving in a current
or continued stream.
PoUR'LlEU. See Purlieu.
POUR-PREST'URE, ti. [Fr. pour and pris.] In laxc, a
wrongful inclosure or encroachment on another's property.
POUR'SUI-VANT. See Pursuivant.
POUR-VEY'ANCE. See Purveyance.
POUSSE, corrupted from, pulse, peas. Spenser.
POUT, n. 1. A fish of the genus gadus. 2. A bird. Carew.
3. A fit of sullenness ; [colloquial.]
POUT, V. i. [Fr. bonder.'] 1. To thrust out the lips, as in
sullenness, contempt or displeasure ; hence, to look sullen.
Shak. 2. To shoot out ; to be prominent. Dryden.
POUTING, ppr. 1. Shooting out, as the lips. 2. Looking
sullen.
POV'ER-TY, n. [Norm, pouerii ; Fr. pauvrete ; It. povertd ;
L. paupertas.] 1. Destitution of property ; indigence ;
want of convenient means of subsistence. 2. Barrenness
of sentiment or ornament ; defect. 3. Want ; defect of
words.
POWDER, 71. [Ft. poudre.] 1. Any dry substance com-
posed of minute particles. 2. A composition of saltpe-
tre, sulphur and charcoal, mixed and granulated ; gun-
powder. 3. Hair-powder ; pulverized starch.
POWDER, V. t. 1. To reduce to fine particles ; to commi-
nute ; to pulverize ; to triturate ; to pound, grind or rub
into fine particles. 2. To sprinkle with powder. 3. To
sprinkle with salt ; to com ; as meal.
t POWDER, V. i. To come violently. L'Estr^ange.
POWDER-BOX, n. A box in which hair-powder is kept.
Oay.
POW'DER-€ART, n. A cart that carries powder and shot
for artillery.
POW'DER-CHEST, n. A small box or case charged with
powder, old nails, &c. fastened to the side of a ship, to be
discharged at an enemy attempting to board.
POWDERED, pp. Reduced to powder; sprinkled with
powder ; corned ; salted.
POWDER-FLASK, n. A flask in which gunpowder is
carried.
POWDER-HORN, n. A horn in which gunpowder is car-
ried by sportsmen. Smft.
POWDER-ING,ppr. Pulverizing ; sprinkling with powder ;
corning ; salting.
POW'DER-ING-TUB, n. 1. A tub or vessel in which meat
is corned or salted. 2. The place where an infected lecher
is cured.
POWDER-I\nLL,ra. A mill in which gunpowder is made.
POWDER-MlNE, n. A cavern in which powder is to be
placed, so as to be fired at a proper time. Rowley.
POWDER-ROOM, n. The apartment in a ship where gun-
powder is kept. Waller.
POW'DER-Y, a. i. Friable ; easily crumbling to pieces. 2.
Dustv ; sprinkled with powder. 3. Resembling powder.
POWDiKE, ?!. Amarehor fen dike. [Local.]
POWER, 71. [Fr.pouvoir; liiorm. pov are.] 1. In a philo-
sopJucal sense, the faculty of doing or performing any thing ;
the faculty of moving or of producing a change in some-
thing ; ability or strength. 2. Force ; animal strength. 3.
Force; strength; energy. 4. Faculty of the. mind, as
manifested by a particular mode of operation. 5. Ability ;
natural or moral. — 6. In mechanics, that which produces
motion or force, or which may be applied to produce it.
7. Force. 8. That quality, in any natural body, which pro-
duces a change or makes an impression on another body.
9. Force ; strength ; momentum. 10. Influence ; that
which may move the mind. 11. Command ; the right of
governing, or actual government ; dominion ; rule ; sway ;
authority. 12, A sovereign, whether emperor, king or
governing prince, or the legislature of a state. 13. One
invested with authority ; a ruler; a civil magistrate. Rom.
xiii. 14. Divinity ; a celestial or invisible being or agent
supposed to have dominion over some part of creation.
15. That which has physical power ; an aimy ; a navy ;
a host ; a military force. 16. Legal authority ; warrant. —
17. In arithmetic and algebra, the product arising from the
multiplication of a number or quantity into itself; as, a
cube is the third ;?oMer. — 18. In Scripture, right ; privilege.
John i. 19. Angels, good or bad. Col. i. 20. Violence
force; compulsion. Ezek. iv. 21. Christ is called the
Power of God. 1 Cor. i.— 22. The powers of heaven may
denote the celestial luminaries. Matt. xxiv. 23. Satan
is said to have the power of death.— '2'^. In vulgar lan-
guage, a large quantity ; a great number. — Power of attor-
ney, authority given to a person to act for another.
fPOW'ER-A-BLE, a. Capable of performing any thing.
POW'ER-FUL, a. 1. Having great physical or mechanical
power ; strong ; forcible ; mighty. 2. Having great moral
power; forcible to persuade or convince the mind. 3.
Possessing great political and military power ; strong in
extent of dominion or national resources ; potent. 4. Efii-
caciuus ; possessing or exerting great force, or producing
great effects. — 5. In general, able to produce great efiects ;
exerting great force or energy. 6. Strong ; intense.
POW'ER-FUL LY, adv. W ith great force or energy ; po-
tently ; mishtily ; with great effect ; forcibly.
POW'ER-FUL-N£SS, n. The quality of having or exerting
great power; force: power; might. Hakeicdl.
POWER-LESS, a. Destitute of power ; weak; impotent.
POWER-LOOM, n. A loom moved bv mechanical ])ower.
POWL'DRON, ?'. [qu. Fr. ep«tt;V.] In herald,- a, ihiyX^dLii
of armor which covers the shoulders.
POW'TER, or POU'TER, n. A variety of the common do-
mestic pigeon, with an inflated breast.
POX, 71. [a corruption of pocks ; Sax. poc, or pace ; D. pok.
It is properly a plural word, but by usage is singular.]
Strictly, pustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or
wholly restricted to three or four diseases, the small-pox,
chicken-pox, the vaccine and the venereal diseases. Pox,
when used without an epithet, signifies the latter, lues
venerea.
POY, n. [Sp. apoyo.] A rope-dancer's pole.
POZE, for pose, to puzzle. See Pose.
t PRACTIC, was formerly used for practical, and Spenser
uses it in the sense of artful, sly.
PRA€-TI-€A-BIL'I-TY, ; n. The quality or state of be-
PRA€'TI-€A-BLE-NESS, ] ing practicable ; feasibility.
PRA€'TI-€A-BLE, a. [Fx.praticable ; It. praticabile ; Sp.
practicable] 1. That may be done, effected or perfonned
by human means, or by powers that can be applied. It
is sometimes sjaionymous with possible, but the words
differ in this : possible is applied to that which might be
performed, if the necessary powers or means couldl»e ob-
tained ; practicable is limited in its application to things
which are to be performed by the means given, or which
may be applied. It was possible for Archimedes to lift
the world, but it was not practicable. 2. That may be
practiced. 3. That admits of use, or that may be passed
or traveled. In military affairs, a practicable breach is one
that can be entered by troops.
PRA€'TI-CA-BLY, adv. In such a manner as may be per-
formed. Rogers.
PRA€'TI-CAL, a. [L. practicus ; It. pratico ; Fr. pratique.]
1. Pertaining to practice or action. 2. Capable of prac-
tice or active use ; opposed to speculative. South. 3. That
may be used in practice ; that may be applied to use. 4.
That reduces his knowledge or theories to actual use. 5.
Derived from practice or experience.
PRA€'TI-€AL-LY, adzj. 1. In relation to practice. 2. By
means of practice or use ; by experiment. 3. In practice
or use.
PRA€'TI-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being practical.
PRAC'TlCE, 71. [Sp. practica ; It. pratica : Ft. pratique.] 1.
Frequent or customary actions ; a succession of acts of a
similar kind or in a like employment. 2. Use ; custom-
ary use. 3. Dexterity acquired by use ; [unusual.] Shak.
4. Actual performance ; distinguished from theory. 5.
Application of remedies ; medical treatment of diseases,
fi Exercise of any profession. 7. Frequent use ; exercise
for instruction or discipline 8. Skillful or artful manage-
ment ; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means ; art ;
stratagem ; artifice ; usually in a bad sense. 9. A rule in
arithmetic, by which the operations of the general rules
are abridged in use.
PRACTICE, V. t. [from the noun. The orthography of the
verb ought to be the same as of the noun ; as in notice and
to notice.] 1. To do or perform Irequently, customarily or
habitually. 2. To use or exercise any profession or art.
3. To use or exercise for instruction, discipline or dexter-
ity. 4. To commit; to perpetrate. Marshall. 5. To use ;
[unusual.] Mitford.
PRACTICE, v. i. 1. To perform certain acts frequently or
customarily, either for instruction, profit or amusement.
2. To form a habit of acting in any manner. 3. To trans-
act or negotiate secretly. 4. To toy artifices. 5. To use
evil arts or stratagems. 6. To use medical methods or
experiments. 7. To exercise any employment or profession.
* See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE € a3K;6asJ;SasZ;CHasSH;THasin t1m. ^ Obsolete.
PRA
630
PRE
PRAC'TICED, pp Done by a repetition of acts ; customari-
ly performed or ised.
PK,A€'TI-CER, n 1 One that practices ; one that custom-
arily perfoims certain acts. 2. One who exercises a pro-
fession.
PRACTI-CING, ppr. Performing or using customarily;
exercising, as an art or profession.
t PRA€'TI-SANT, n. An agent. Shak.
PRA€-Ti"TION-ER, n. 1. One who is engaged in the actual
use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly in law
or medicine. 2. One who does any thing customarily
or habitually. Whitgifte. 3. One that practices sly or
dangerous arts. South.
PR^-eOG'NI-TA, n. plu. [L. before known.] Things
previously known in order to understand something else.
PR^M-U-NI'RE, w. [L.] 1. A writ, or the offense for
which it IS granted. 2. The penalty incurred by infring-
ing a statute.
PRAG-MAT'ie, ) a. [L. pragmaticus.'] Forward to
PRAG-MAT'I-€AL, ) intermeddle ; meddling ; imperti-
nently busy or officious in tlie concerns of others, without
leave or invitation. — Praginatic sanction, in the German
empire, the settlement made by Charles VI. the emperor,
who, in 1722, having no sons, settled his hereditary do-
minions on his eldest daughter, the archduchess Maria.—
In the civil law, pragmatic sanction may be defined, a
rescript or answer of the sovereign, delivered by advice
of his council, to some college, order or body of people, who
consult him in relation to the affairs of their community .
PRAG-MAT'I-eAL-LY, adv. In a meddling manner ; im-
pertinently.
PRAG-MAT'I-€AL-NESS, n. Thequality of intermeddling
without right or invitation.
PRAG'MA-TIST, n. One who is impertinently busy or
meddling. Reynolds.
PRAIR'IE, )n. [Fr, prairie.] An extensive tract of land,
PRAIR'Y, ) mostly level, destitute of trees, and covered
with tall coarse grass. Western States.
t PR^IS'A-BLE, a. That may be praised. Wickliffe.
PRaISE, n. [D. prys ; G. preis ; Dan. priis ; Sw. pns ; W,
pris ; Fr. priz ; It. prezio ; Sp. precio.] 1. Commendation
bestowed on a person ; approbation expressed. Praise
may he expressed by an individual, and in this circum-
stance differs from fame, renown and celebrity, which are
the expression of the approbation of numbers, or public
commendation. When praise is applied to the expression
of public approbation, it may be synonymous with renown,
or nearly so. A man may deserve the praise of an indi-
vidual, or of a nation. 2. The expression of gratitude for
persona] favors conferred ; a glorifying or extolling. 3.
The object, ground or reason of praise.
PRaISE, y. t. [D. pryzen; pryzeeren; G.preisen; Dan.
priser.] 1. To commend ; to applaud ; to express appro-
bation of personal worth or actions. 2. To extol in
words or song ; to magnify ; to glorify on account of
perfections or excellent works. 3. To express gratitude
for personal favors. Ps. cxxxviii. 4. To do honor to ; to
display the excellence of.
PRAISED, pp. Commended ; extolled.
t PRaISE'FUL, a. Laudable ; commendable. Sidney.
PRaIS'ER, n. One who praises, commends or extols ; an
applauder ; a commender. Sidney.
PRaISE'LESS, a. Without praise or commendation.
PRAISE-'WoR-THI-LY, adv. In a manner deserving of
commendation. Spenser.
PRaISE'W6R-THI-NESS, M. The quality of deserving
commendation. Smith.
PRaISE'WoR-THY, a. Deserving of praise or applause ;
commendable, Arhuthnot.
PRAISING, ;?pr. Commending; extolling in words.
PRAM, ) 71. [D.praan..] 1. A flat-bottomed boat or lighter,
PRAME, \ used in Holland. — 2. In military affairs, a
kind of floating battery or flat-bottomed vessel, mounting
several cannon ; used in covering the disembarkation of
troops,
PRAiXCE, (prans) v. i. [W. pranciaw.] 1. To spring or
bound, as a horse in high mettle. 2. To ride with bound-
ing movements ; to ride ostentatiously. 3. To walk or
strut about in a showy manner or with warlike parade.
PRaN'CING, ppr. Springhag ; bounding ; riding with gal-
lant show.
PRAN'CIiVG, n. A springing or bounding, as of a high-
spirited horse. Judg. v.
PRANK, u.t. [G.prangen; D. pronken.] To adorn in a
showy manner; to dress or adjust to ostentation. Milton.
PRANK, 71. [W.pranc] 1. A wild flight; a capering; a
gambol. 2. A capricious action ; a ludicrous or merry
trick, or a mischievous act, rather for sport than injury.
PRANK, a. Frolicksome ; full of gambols or tricks.
PR \NKT ' i ^' ^^omed in a showy manner.
PRANK ER, 71. One that dresses ostentatiously,
PRANK'ING, ppr. Setting off or adorning for display.
PRANK'ING, n. Oirtentatious display of dress.
PRASE, 71. A silicious mineral. Cleaveland.
PRA'SON, (pra'sn) n. [Gr. npaaov.] A leek ; also, a sea-
weed green as a leek. Bailey.
PRATE, V. i. [D. praaten.] To talk much and witliout
weight, or to little purpose ; to be loquacious. Skak
PRATE, V. t. To utter foohshly. Dryden.
PRATE, ?i. Continued talk to little purpose; trifling talk;
unmeaning loquacity. Shak.
PRAT'ER, n. One that talks much to little purpose, or on
trifling subjects. Southern.
PRAT'ie, or PRAT'iaUE, n. [It. pratica ; Sp. practica ;
Fr. pratique.] In commerce, primarily, converse ; inter-
coiuse. Hence, a license or permission to hold intercourse
and trade with the inliabitants of a place, after having
performed quarantine, or upon a certificate that the ship
did not come from an infected place ; a term used partic-
ularly in the south of Europe.
PRaT'ING, ppr. Talking much on a trifling subject ; talk-
ing idly.
PRAT'ING-LY, adv. With much idle talk ; with loquacity.
PRAT'TLE, V. i. [dim. of prate.] To talk much and idly ;
to be loquacious on trifling subjects. Locke.
PRAT'TLE, n. Trifling talk ; loquacity on trivial subjects.
PRAT'TLE-MENT, n. Prattle. Hayley.
PRAT'TLER, n. An idle talker Herbert.
PRAT'TLING, ppr. Talking much on trivial affairs.
PRAV'I-TY, n. [L.pravitas.] Deviation from right ; moral
perversion ; want of rectitude ; corrupt state. South.
PRAWN, n. A small crustaceous fish. Encyc.
PRAX'IS, n. [L.] 1. Use; practice. Coventry. 2. An
example or form to teach practice. Lowth.
PRAY, ?;. i. [Yx.prier; It. pregare ; L, prccor.] 1. To ask
with earnestness or zeal, as for a favor, or for something
desirable ; to entreat ; to supplicate. 2. To petition ; to
ask, as for a favor ; as in application to a legislative
body.— 3. In worship, to address the Supreme Being with
solemnity and reverence, with adoration, confession ol
sins, supplication for mercy, and thanksgiving for bless-
ings received. 4. I pray, that is, I pray you tell me, ox
let me know, is a common mode of introducing a question.
FRAY,v.t. I. To supplicate; to entreat; to urge. — 2. In
worship, to supplicate ; to implore ; to ask witli reverence
and humility. 3. To petition. 4. To ask or entreat in
ceremony or form. — To pray in aid, in law, is to call in for
help one who has interest in the cause.
PRAY'ER, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of asking for a
favor, and particularly with earnestness. — 2. In worship, a
solemn address to the Supreme Being. 3. A formula of
church service, or of worship, public or private. 4. Prac-
tice of supplication, 5. That part of a memorial or petition
to a public body, which specifies the request as distinct
from the recital of facts or reasons.
PRAY'ER-BOOK, n. A book containing prayers or the
forms of devotion, public or private. Swift.
PRAY'ER-FUL, a. 1. Devotional ; given to prayer. 2.
Using much praver.
PRAY'ER-FUL-LY, adv. With much prayer.
PRAY'ER-LESS, a. Not using prayer; habitually neglect-
ing the duty of prayer to God.
PRAY'ER-LESS-NESS, n. Total or habitual neglect of
prayer. T. H. Skinner.
PRAY'ING, ppr. Asking ; supplicating.
PRAY'ING-LY, adv. With supplication to God.
PRE, an English prefix, is the L. ^jve, before, probably a
contracted word ; Russ. pred. It expresses priority of
time or rank.
PREACH, v. i. [D. preeken ; Fr, pr§cher.] 1, To pronounce
a public discourse on a religious subject, or from a text of
Scripture. 2. To discourse on the gospel way of salvation,
and exhort to repentance,
PReACH, Tj, i. I. To proclaim; to publish in religious
discourses. 2. To inculcate in public discourses. — To
preach up, to discourse in favor of, Dryden.
t PReACH, n. A religious discourse. Hooker.
PREACHED, pp. Proclaimed ; announced in public dis-
course ; inculcated.
PReACH'ER, ?),, ], One who discourses pubhcly on religious
subjects. 2, One that inculcates any thing with earnestness
tPREACH'ER-SHIP,7i. The office of a preacher,
FRilACWING, ppr. Proclaiming; publishing in discourse ;
iiiculcating,
PREACHING, n. The act of preaching ; a public religious
discourse, Milner.
PReACH'MAN, w. A preacher; in contempt. Howell.
PReACH'MENT, 71. A discourse or sermon ; in contempt ;
a discourse affectedly solemn. Shak.
PRE-AC-aUAINT'ANCE, n. Previous acquaintance.
PRE-A€-aUAlNT'ED, a. Previously acquainted.
PRE-AD'AM-ITE, n. [pre, before, and Adam.] An inhab-
itant of the earth that lived before Adam. Pereyra.
PRE-AD-AM-IT'I€, a. Designating what existed before
Adam. Kirwan.
PRE-AD-MIN-TS-TRa'TION,7i. Previous administration.
PRE-AD-MON'ISH, v. t. To admonish previously.
* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, t), "2, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete
PRE
C31
PRE
PRE-AD-MO-Ni''TIDN, n. Previous warning or admoni-
tion.
PKk'AM-BLE, n. [It. preambolo ; Sp. preambulo ; Fr. pre-
ambule.] 1. Something previous ; introduction to a dis-
course or writing. 2. The introductory part of a statute,
which states the reasons and intent of the law.
PRe'AM-BLE, v. t. To preface ; to introduce with previous
remarks. Feltham.
fPJlE-AM'BU-LA-RY, orfPRE-AM'BU-LOUS, a. Previ-
ous ; introductorv. Brown.
PRE-AM'BU-LATE, ■». i [L. prm and ambulo.] To wallc
or go before. Jordan.
PRE-AM-BU-La'TION, n. 1, A preamble ; [obs.] Chaucer.
2. A walking or going before.
PRE-AM'BU-I/A-TO-RY, a. Going before ; preceding.
PRE-AN-TE-PE-NUL'Tl-MATE, n. The fourth syllable
from the last.
PRE-AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. An opinion fonned before
examination. Brown.
t PReASE, n. Press ; crowd. [See Press.] Chapman.
PkeAS'ING, ppr. or a. Crowding. Spenser.
PRE-AU'DI-ENCE, n. Precedence or rank at the bar among
lawyers ; right of previous audience. Blackstone.
PREB'END, u. [It. prebenda ; Sp. prebenda ( Fr. prebende.l
1. The stipend or maintenance granted out of the estate
of a cathedral or collegiate church. 2. A prebendary ;
[oSs.l
PRE-BEND'AL, a. Pertaining to a prebend. Chesterfield.
PREB'EN-DA-RY, n. [Fr. prebendier.] An ecclesiastic
who enjoys a prebend ; the stipendiary of a cathedral
church. Swift.
PREB'EN-DA-RY-SHIP, n. The oiiice of a prebendary ; a
canonry. Wotton.
PRE-€a'RI-OUS, a. [L. precarlus.] I. Depending on the
will or pleasure of another ; held by courtesy ; liable to be
changed or lost at the pleasure of another. 2. Uncertain ;
heid by a doubtful tenure ; depending on unknown or
unforeseen causes or events.
PRE-€a'RI-OUS-LY, adv. At the will or pleasure of others :
dependently ; by an uncertain tenure.
PRE-€a'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Uncertainty j dependence on
the will or pleasure of others, or on unknown events.
PRE€'A-TiVE, ; a. [L. precor.] Suppliant ; beseeching.
PRE€'A-TO-RY, \ Harris.
PRE-CAU'TION, 71. [Fr. ; Ij. precautus ] Previous caution
or care ; caution previously employed to prevent mischief
or secure good in possession.
PRE-€AU'TION, ?5.i. To warn or advise beforehand for
preventing mischief or securing good. Locke.
PRE-€AU'tlON-AL, a. Preventive of mischief.
PRE-€AU'TION-A-RY, a. I. Containing previous caution.
2. Proceeding from previous caution ; adapted to prevent
mischief or secure good.
PREC-E-Da'NE-OUS, a. [from precede, L. prcecedo.] Pre-
ceding ; antecedent ; anterior. Hale.
PRE-CeDE', v. t. [L. prcecedo.'] 1. To go before in the or-
der of time. 2. To go before in rank or importance. 3.
To cause something to go before ; to make to take place in
prior time.
PRE-CeD'ED, pp. Being gone before.
PRE-CeD'ENCE, \n. 1. The act or state of going before ;
PRE-CeD'EN-CY, \ priority in time. 2. The state of
going or being befors in rank or dignity or the place of
honor ; the right to a more honorable place. 3. The fore-
most in ceremony. 4. Superiority ; superior importance
or influence.
PRE-CeD'ENT, a. Going before in time ; anterior ; ante-
cedent. Hale.
PREC'E-DENT, n. 1. Something done or said, that may
serve or be adduced as an example to authorize a subse-
quent act of the like kind. — 2. In law, a judicial decision,
interlocutory or final, which serves as a rule for future
determinations in similar or analogous cases.
PREC'E-DENT-ED, a. Having a precedent ; authorized by
an ex^m.ple of a like kind.
PRE-Ce'DENT-LY, adv. Beforehand ; antecedently.
t PRE-CEL'LENCE, 71. Excellence. Sheldon.
PRE-CEN'TOR, 71. [Low L. praicentor ; Fr. precenteur.]
The leader of the choir in a cathedral. Encyc.
PRe'CEPT, 7?.. [Fr.preccpte; Sp. precepto ; !>. prceceptum .]
1. In a general sense, any commandinent or order intended
as an authoritative rule of action ; but applied particularly
to commands respecting moral conduct. — 2. In law, a
command or mandate in writing.
t PRE-CEP'TIAL, a. Consisting of precepts. Shak.
t PRE-CEP'TION, 71. A precept. Hall.
PRE-CEP'TIVE, a. [!•. prceceptivus.] 1. Giving precepts or
commands for the regulation of moral conduct ; containing
precepts. 2. Directing in moral conduct ; giving rules or
directions ; didactic.
PRE-CEPTOR, 71. [L. prceceptor.] 1. In a. general sense,
a teacher ; an instructor. — 2. In a restricted sense, the
teacher of a school ; sometimes, the principal teacher of an
academy or other seminary.
PRE-CEP-ToiRI-AL, ffi. Pertaining to a preceptor. Literary
Magazine.
PRE-CEPTO-RY, a. Giving precepts. .Anderson.
PRE-CEPTO-RF, 71. A subordinate religious house wheie
instruction v;^as given.
PRE-CEP'TRESS, n. A female teacher or preceptor. Olan-
ville
PRE-CES'SION, n. [Fr. precession; It. precessione.] 1
Literally, the act of going before, but in this sense rarely
or never used — 2. In astronomy, the precession of the equi-
nox is an annual motion of the equinox, or point where
the ecliptic intersects the equator, to the westward,
amounting to 50|-".
PRE'CINCT, n. [L. prcecinctus.] 1. The limit, bound or
exterior line encompassing a place. 2. Bounds of juris-
diction, or the whole territory comprehended within the
limits of authority. 3 A territorial district or division.
t PRE-CI-OS'I-TY, for preciov^ness or value. More.
PRE"CIOUS, (presh'us) a. [Fr. precieux ; L. pretiosus.] 1
Of great price ; costly. 2. Of great value or worth ; very
valuable. 3. Highly valued ; much esteemed. 4. Worth-
less ; in iroivy and contempt. — Precious metals, gold and
silver, so cafled on account of their value.
PRE"CIOUS-LY, (presh'us-ly) adv. 1. Valuably j to a great
price. 2. Contemptibly ; in irony.
PI{.E"CIOUS-NESS, (presh'us-nes) n. Valuableness ; great
value ; high price.
PREC'I-PE, (pres'i-py) n. [L. pracipio.] In law, a writ
commanding the defendant to do a certain thing, or to
show cause to the contrary ; giving him his choice to re-
dress the injury or to stand the suit.
PREC'I-PlCE, 7t. [Fr. ■,'L.prcecipitium.] 1. Strictly, a faUim^
headlong ; hence, a steep descent of land ; a fall or de-
scent of land, perpendicular or nearly so. Dryden. 2. A
steep descent, in general.
PRE-CIF I-ENT, a. [L. prcecipiens.] Commanding; di-
recting.
PRE-CIP-I-TA-BIL'ITY, n. The quality or state of being
precipitable.
PRE-CIP'i-TA-BLE, a. [L. prcecipito.] That may be pre-
cipitated or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution.
PRE-CIP'I-TANCE, \n. 1. Headlong hurry ; rash haste ;
PRE-CIP'I-TAN-CY, \ haste in resolving, forming an
opinion or executing a purpose without due deliberation.
2. Hurry ; great haste in going.
PRE-CIP'I-TANT, a. [L. praicipitans.] 1. Falling or rush-
ing headlong ; rushing down with velocity. 2. Hasty
urged with violent haste. 3. Rashly hurried or hasty 4
Unexpectedly brought on or hastened.
PRE-CIP'I-TANT, n. In chemistry, a liquor, which, when
poured on a solution, separates what is dissolved, and
makes it precipitate, or fall to the bottom in a concrete
PRE-CJP'I-l'ANT-LY, adv. With great haste ; with rash,
unadvised haste ; with tumultuous hurry.
PRE-CIP'I-TATE, v. t. [L. pracipito.] I. To throw head-
long. 2. To urge or press with eagerness or violence. 3
To hasten. 4. To hurry blindly or rashly. 5. To throw
to the bottom of a vessel, as a substance in solution.
PRE-CIP'1-TATE, V. i. 1. To fall headlong. 2. To fall to
the bottom of a vessel, as a sediment, or any substance in
solution. 3. To hasten without preparation.
PRE-CIP'I-TATE, a. 1. Falling, flowing or rushing with
steep descent. 2. Headlong ; over hasty ; rashly hasty.
3. Adopted with haste or without due deliberation ; hasty.
4. Kastv ; violent ; terminating speedily in death.
PRE-CIP'I-TATE, n. A substance which, having been
dissolved, is again separated from its solvent and thrown
to the bottom of the vessel by pouring another liquor upon
it. — Precipitate per se, or red precipitate, the red oxyd or
peroxyd of mercury. Thomson.
PRE-CIP'I-TA-TED, pp. Hurried ; hastened rashly ; thrown
headlong.
PRE-CIP'I-TATE-LY, ff<Z7J. 1. Headlong; with steep de-
scent. 2. Hastily ; with rash haste ; without due caution.
PRE-CIP'I-TA-TING, ppr. Throwing headlong ; hurrying;
hastening rashly.
PRE-CIP-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. prmcipitatio.] 1. The act of
throwing headlong. 2. A fklling, flowing or rushing
down with violence and rapidity. 3. Great hurry ; rash,
tumultuous haste ; rapid movement. 4. The act or opera-
tion of throwing to the bottom of a vessel any substance
held in solution by its menstruum.
PRE-CIP'I-TA-TOR, n. One that urges on with vehemence
or rashness. Hammond.
PRE-CIP'I-TOUS, a. [L. 'prmceps.'] 1. Very steep. 2
Headlong ; directly or rapidly descending. 3. Hasty ;
rash ; heady.
PRE-CIP'I-TOUS-LY, adv. With steep descent; in violent
PRE-cfp'I-TOUS-NESS, n. 1. Steepness of descent. 2.
Rash haste.
PRE-CTSE', a. [L. prcBcisus.] 1. Exact ; nice ; definite ;
having determinate limitations ; not loose, vague, uncer-
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
PRE
632
PRE
tain or equivocal. 9. Formal ; superstitiously exact ; ex-
cessively nice ; punctilious in conduct or ceremony. Ad-
dison^
PRE-ClSE'LY, adv. 1. Exactly; nicely; accurately; in
exact conformity to truth or to a model. 2. With excess
of formality ; with scrupulous exactness or punctilious-
ness in behavior or ceremony.
PRE-ClSE'NESS, n. 1. Exactness; rigid nicety. 2. Ex-
cessive regard to forms or rules ; rigid formality.
PRE-Ci"SIAN, w. 1. One that limits or restrains. 2. One
who is rigidly exact in the observance of rules.
PRE-Ci"SIAN-ISM, n. Excessive exactness ; superstitious
rigor. Milton.
PRE-Ci"SION, n. [Fr. ; L. prcBcisio.] Exact limitation ;
exactness ; accuracy.
PRE-Cl'SIVE, a. Exactly limiting by separating what is
not relative to the purpose. Watts.
PRE-€LuDE', V. t. [L. prmchido.] 1. To prevent from en-
tering by previously shutting the passage, or by any pre-
vious measures ; hence, to hinder from access, possession
or enjoyment. 2. To prevent from happening or taking
place.
PRE-€LuD'ED, pp. Hindered from entering or enjoyment ;
debarred from something by previous obstacles.
PRE-€LuD'ING, ppr. Shutting out ; preventing from ac-
cess or possession, or from having place.
PRE-€Lu'SION, n. The act of shutting out or preventing
from access or possession ; the state of bemg prevented
from entering, possession or enjoyment.
PRE-€Lu'SIVE, a. Shutting out, or tending to preclude ;
hindering by previous obstacles. Burke.
PRE-€Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. With hinderance by anticipation.
PRE-€o'CIOUS, a. [h. prcBcox.] 1. Ripe before the proper
or natural time. 2. Premature.
PRE-€o'CIOUS-NESS, ) n. Rapid growth and ripeness
PRE-eOC'I-TY, \ before the usual time ; prema-
PRE-€OG'I-TATE, v. i: [L. prcecogito.] To consider or
contrive beforehand. [Little used.] Sherwood.
PRE-€OG-I-Ta'TION, n. Previous thought. Diet.
PRE-€0G'NI-TA. See Prjecognita.
PRE-eOG-Ni"TION, n. [L, prce and cognitio.] 1. Previous
knowledge ; antecedent examination. — 2. In Scots law,
an examination of witnesses to a criminal act, before the
prosecution_of the offender.
PRE-€OM-PoSE', V. t. To compose beforehand,
PRE-GOM-PoS'ED, (pre-kom-pozd') pp. Composed before-
hand.
PRE-eOM-PoS'ING, ppr. Composing beforehand.
PRE-€0N-CeIT', 71. An opinion or notion previously
formed. Hooker.
PRE-€0N-CeIVE', v.t. [L. prcE and concipio.] To form a
conception beforehand ; to form a previous notion.
PRE-€ON-CeIV'ED, (pre-kon-seevd') pp. Conceived be-
forehand ; previously formed. South. •-*
PRE-€ON-CeIV'ING, ppr. Conceiving or forming before-
hand.
PRE-€ON-CEP'TION, n. Conception or opinion previously
formed. Hakewill.
PRE-CON-CERT', v. t. [pre and concert.'] To concert be-
forehand ; to settle by previous agreement.
PRE-CON CERT'ED, j9jj. Previously concerted or settled.
Warton.
PRE-CON CERT'ING, ppr. Contriving and settling before-
hand.
I PRE-€ON-I-Za'TION, n. [L. praiconium.] A publishing
by procl?mation, or a proclamation. Hall.
PRE-CON- SIGN', ■«. «. [pre and consign.] To consign be-
forehand ; to make a previous consignment of.
PRE-C0N'3TI-TUTE, v. t. To constitute beforehand.
PRE-CON'STI-TU-TED, pp. Previously established.
PRE-CON 'STI-TU-TING, ppr. Constituting beforehand.
PRE-CON'TRACT, 71, [2)re and contract.] A contract pre-
vious to another. Shak.
PRE-CON-TRACT', v. t. To contract or stipulate previously.
PRE-CON-TRACT', v. i. To make a previous contract or
agreement.
PRE-CON-TRA€T'ED, pp. Previously contracted or stipu-
lated ; previously engaged by contract. Ayliffe.
PRE-CON-TRA€T'ING, ppr. Stipulating or covenanting
beforehand.
f PRE-CURSE', (pre-kurs') n. [L. proecnrsus.] A forerun-
ning
PRE-CL'RS'OR, n. [L. precursor.] A forerunner; a har-
binger ; he or that which precedes an event and indicates
its approach.
PRE-CtlRS'O-RY, a. Preceding as the harbinger ; indicating
something to follow. Med. Repos.
t PRE-CURS'O-RY, 71. An introduction. Hammond.
PRE-Da'CEOUS, a. [L. prcedaceus.] Living by prey.
PRe'DAL, a. [L, prceda.] I. Pertaining to prey. 2. Prac-
ticing plunder. Boyle.
PRED'A-TO-RY, a. \lt. prmdatorius.] 1. Plundering; pil-
laging ; characterized by plundering ; practicing rapine
2. Hungry ; ravenous.
PRE-DE-OeASE', v. i. To die before. Shak.
PRE-DE-CeAS'ED, (pre-de-seesf) a. Dead before. Shak.
PRED-E-CES'SOR, n. [Fr. predecesseur.] A person who
has preceded another in the same office. .Addison.
PRE-DE-LIN-E-A'TION, n. Previous delineation.
PRE-DE-SiGN', v. t. To design or purpose beforehand ; to
predetermine.
PRE-DE-SlGN'ED, (pre-de-sind') pp. Purposed or deter-
mined previously. Mitford.
FRE-DESlGN'ING, ppr. Designing previously.
PRE-DES-TI-Na'RI-AN, n. One that believes in the doc-
trine of predestination. Walton.
PRE-DE&-TI-Na'RI-AN, a. Of or belonging to predestina
tion.
PRE-DES'TI-NATE, a. Predestinated ; foreordained.
PRE-DESTI-NATE, t;.«. [It. predestinare ; Yx. predesti
ner ; L. prmdestino.] To predetermine or foreordain ; to
appointor ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose.
PRE-DES'TI-NA-TED, pp. Predetermined ; foreordained ;
PRE-DES'TI-NA-TING, ppr. 1. Foreordaining; decreeing;
appointing beforehand by an unchangeable purpose. 2.
Holding predestination.
PRE-DES-TI-NaTION, 71. The act of decreeing or fore-
ordaining events.
PRE-DES'TI-NA-TOR, n. 1. Propei-ly, one that foreordains
2. One that holds to predestination.
PRE-DES'TiNE, v. t. To decree beforehand ; to foreor-
dain. Prior.
PRE-DE-TERM'I-NATE, a. Determined beforehand.
PRE-DE-TERM-I-N5'TI0N, n. 1. Previous determination ;
purpose formed beforehand. 2. Premotion ; that concur-
rence of God which determines men in their actions.
PRE-DE-TERM'INE, v. t. pre and determine.] 1. To de-
termine beforehand ; to settle in purpose or counsel. 2.
Tjo doom by previous decree.
PRe'DI-AL, a. [Sp. predial.] 1. Consisting of land or
farms ; real estate. 2. Attached to land or farms. 3.
Growing or issuing from land.
PRED-I-€A-BIL'I-TY, n. Tlie quality of being predicable,
or capable of being affirmed of something.
PRED'I-CA-BLE, a. [L.prcEdicabilis.] That may be affirmed
of something ; that may be attributed to.
PRED'I-CA-BLE, n One of the five things which can be
affirmed of any thing. Watts
PRE-DIC'A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. prcedicamentum.] 1. In
logic, a category ; a series or order of all the predicates or
attributes contained under any genus. 2. Class or kind
described by any definite marks ; hence, condition ; par-
ticular situation or state.
PRE-DIC-A-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to a predicament.
PRED'I-CANT, n. [L. prmdicans.] One that affirms any
thing.
PRED'I-CATE, v. t. [L. prcedico.] To affirm one thing of
another.
PREDT-CATE, v.i. To affirm; to comprise an affirmation.
PRED'I-CATE, n. In logic, ihat which, in a propositior, is
affirmed or denied of the subject. Watts.
PRED-I-Ca'TION, n. [L, prcBdlcatio.] Affirmation of some-
thing, or the act of affirming one thing of another.
PRED'1-CA-TO-RY, a. Affirmative ; positive. Bp. Hail.
FRE-J)I€Ti,v.t. [lu.prcedictus.] To foretell ; to tell before
hand something that is to happen,
PRE-DICT'ED, pp. Foretold ; told before the event.
PRE-DI€T'ING, ppr. Foretelling.
PRE-DIC'TION, ?t. [L,. pnedictio.] A foretelling ; a previous
declaration of a future event ; prophecy.
PRE-DICT'iVE, a. Foretelling ; prophetic. More.
PRE-DICT'OR, n. A foreteller ; one who prophesies.
PRE-D1-6ES'TI0N, 71. Too hastv digestion. Bacon.
PRED-I-LEC'TION, n. [Fr, ; It. predilezione.]' A previous
liking; a prepossession of mind in favor of something,
PRE-DIS-Po'NENT, 71, That which predisposes,
PRE-DIS-PoSE', V. t. 1. To incline beforehand ; to give
a previous disposition to, 2. To fit or adapt previously,
PRE-DIS-POS'ED, (pre-dis-pezd') pp. Previously inclined
or adapted,
PRE-DIS-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Inclining or adapting before-
hand, 2, a. Tending or able to give predisposition or
PRE-DIS-Pb-Si"TION, n. 1. Previous inclination or pro-
pensity to any thing. 2. Previous fitness or adaptation to
any change, impression or purpose.
PRE-DOM'I-NANCE, ) n. 1. Prevalence over others ; su-
PRE-DOM'I-NAN-CY, \ periority in strength, power, in-
fluence or authority ; ascendency, — 2, In astrology, the
superior influence of a planet,
PRE-DOM'I-NANT, a. [Fr. predominant ; It. predominate.]
Prevalent over others ; superior in strength, influence or
authority ; ascendant ; ruling ; controlling.
PRE-DOM'I-NANT-LY, adv. With superior strength or in-
fluence. Brown.
* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, ©, ^, long.~F-AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t (Obsolete.
PRE
633
PRE
PE.E-DOM'1-NATE, v i. [Fr. predominer ; Sp. predominar.^
To prevail ; to surpass in strength, influence or authority*^
to be superior ; to have controlling influence.
PRE-DOM'1-NATE, v. t. To rule over.
PRE-DOM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Having superior strength or
influence ; rujing ; controlling.
PRE-DOM-I-Na'TION, n. Superior strength or influence.
PRE-E-LE€T', v. t. To choose or elect beforehand.
PRE-E-LE€'TI0N, n. Choice or election by previous de-
termination of the will. Prideaux.
PRE-EM'I-NENCE, n. [Fr. ; It. preeminema.l 1. Superi-
ority in excellence ; distinction in something commenda-
ble. 2. Precedence ; priority of place ; superiority in
rank or dignity. 3. Superiority of power or influence.
Sometimes in a bad sense.
PRE-EM'1-NENT, a. [Fr. ; pre and eminenU] 1 . Superior
in excellence ; distinguished for something commendable
or honorable. 2. Surpassing others in evil or bad qualities.
PRE-EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. 1. In a pre-eminent degree ;
with superiority or distinction above others. 2. In a bad
sense.
PRE-EMP'TION, n. [L, prce and emptio.] 1. The act of
purchasing before others. 2. The right of purchasing be-
fore others. — 3. Formerly, in England, the privilege or
prerogative, enjoyed by the king, f^f buying provisions for
his household in preference to others, abolished by statute
19 Charles II.
PREEN, n. [Scot, prein, prin ; Dan. preen.] A forked in-
strument used by clothiers in dressing cloth.
PREEN, V. t. [Scot.^proyne, prunyie ; Chaucer, proine.] To
clean, compose and dress the feathers, as fowls, to enable
them to glide more easily through the air or water.
PRE-EN-GaGE', v. t. I. To engage by previous contract.
2. To engage or attach by previous influence. 3. I'o en-
gage beforehand.
PRE-EN-Ga'GED, (pre-en-gajd') pp. Previously engaged
by contract or influence.
PRE-EN-GaGE'MENT, n. 1. Prior engagement; as by
stipulation or promise. 2. Any previous attachment
binding th^ will or affections.
PRE-EN-Ga'GING, ppr. Previously engaging.
PREEN'ING, ppr. Cleaning and composing the feathers, as
fowls.
PRE-E-STAB'LISH, v. t. To establish beforehand.
PRE-E-STAB'LISHED, pp. Previously established.
PRE-E-STAB'LISH-ING, ppr Settling beforehand.
PRE-E-STAB'LISH-MENT, 71. Settlement beforehand.
PRE-EX-AM-I-Na'TION, n. Previous examination.
PRE-EX-AM'INE, v. t. To examine beforehand.
PRE-EX-IST', V. i. To exist beforehand or before some-
thing else.
PRE-EX-[ST'ENCE, n. 1. Existence previous to some-
thing else. 2. Existence of the soul before its union with
the body, or before the body is formed.
PRE-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing beforehand ; preceding in
existence. Pope.
fPRE-EX-IS-Tl-MA'TION, m. Previous esteem. Broion.
PRE-EX-IST'ING, jypr. Previously existing.
fPRE-EX-PEC-TA'TION, n. Previous expectation.
PREF'ACE, n. [Fr. ; L. prcefatio.] Something spoken as
introductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a
book or essay, intended to inform the hearer or reader of
the main design, or, in general, of whatever is necessary
to the understanding of the discourse, book or essay ; a
proem ; an introduction or series of preliminary remarks.
PREF'ACE, V. t. 1. To introduce by preliminary remarks.
2. To face ; to cover ; a ludicrous sense. Cleaveland.
PREF'ACE, V. i. To say something introductory.
PREF'ACED, pp. Introduced witli preliminary observa-
tions.
PREF'A-CER, n. The writer of a preface. Dryden.
PREF'A-CING, -ppr. Introducing with preliminary remarks.
PREF'A-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to a preface ; introductory
tq^a book, essay or discourse. Dryden.
PRe'FECT, n. [L. prcBfectus.] 1. In ancient Rome, a chief
magistrate who governed a city or province in the ab-
sence of the king, consuls or emperor. 2. A governor,
commander, chief magistrate or superintendent. Addison.
PRe'FE€T-SHIP, )n. 1. The office of a chief magistrate,
* PRe'FEC-TURE, ^ commander or viceroy. 2. Jurisdic-
tion of a prefect.
PRE-FER', v. t. [L. prafero ; Fr. preferer.] 1. To regard
more than another ; to honor or esteem above another. 2.
To advance, as to an office or dignity ; to raise ; to exalt.
3. To offer ; to present ; to exhibit ; usually witli solem-
nity, or to a public body. 4. To offer or present ceremo-
niously, or in ordijiary familiar language.
PREF'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Worth j^ to be preferred or
chosen before something else ; more eligible ; more desira-
ble. 2 More excellent ; of better quality.
PREF'ER-A-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality or state of being
preferable. Mountague.
PREF'ER-A-BLY, adiu In preference ; in such a manner
as to prefer one thing to another.
PREF'ER-ENCE, n. The act of preferring one thing before
another; estimation of one thing above another j choice
of one thing rather than another.
PRE-FER'MENT, 7t. [It. preferimento ] 1. Advancement
to a higher office, dignity or station. 5. Superior pla^ e or
office. 3. Preference ; [obs.]
PRE-FER'RED, (pre-ferd') pp. Regarded above others ; el
evated in station.
PRE-FER'RER, 71. One who prefers.
PRE-FER'RING, ppr. Regarding above others ; advancing
to a higher station ; offering ; presenting.
PRE-FIG'U-RATE, v.t. To show by antecedent represen-
tation. [Little tised.]
PRE-FIG-U-Ra TION, 71. Antecedent representation by
similitude. JVorris.
PRE-FIG'U-RA TIVE, a. Showing by previous figures
types or similitude.
PRE-FIG'URE, V. t. [L. prce and figuro.] To exhibit by
antecedent representation, or by types and similitude
Hooker.
PRE-FIG'URED, pp. Exhibited by antecedent signs, types
or similitude.
PRE-FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Showing antecedently by simili-
tude.
PRE-FlNE', V. t. [L. prcefinio.] To limit beforehand.
PRE-FI-Ni"TI0N,"7i. Previous limitation. [L.u.] Fotherby.
PRE-FIX', V. t. [L. prcefigo.^ 1. To put or fix before, or at
the beginning ot another thing. 2. To set or appoint be-
forehand. 3. To settle ; to establish.
PRe'FIX, n. A letter, syjlable or word put to the beginning
of a word, usually to vary its signification.
PRE-FIX'ED, (pre-fixf) pp Set before ; appointed before-
hand , settled.
PRE-FIX 'ING, ppr. Putting before ; previously appointing ,
establishing.
PRE-FIXTON, 71. The act of prefixing.
PRE-FORM', V. t. To form beforehand. Shak.
PRE-FORM'A-TlVE, n. [L,. prce, and formative.] A forma-
tive letter at the beginning of a word. M. Stuart.
PRE-FUL'GEN-CY, n. [L. prmfulgens.] Superior bright-
ness or effulgency. Barrow.
PREG'NA-BLE, a. [Fr. prenable.] That may be taken or
won by force ; expugnable. [Little used.] Cotgrave.
PREG'NAN-CY, 71. 1. The state of a female who has con-
ceived, or is with child. Ray. 2. Fertility; fruitfulness ;
inventive power. — Pregnance, in a like sense, is not
used.
PREG'NANT, a. [L. prwgyians.] 1.. Being with young, as a
female ; breeding ; teeming. 2. Fruitful ; fertile ; im-
pregnating. 3. Full of consequence. 4. Easy to ad-rait
or receive'; [not proper.] Shak. 5. Free ; kind ; ready ;
witty ; apt ; [not proper.] Shak. 6. Plain ; clear ; evi-
dent ; full : [obs.] Shak.
PREG'NANT-LY, adv. 1. Fruitfully. 2. Fully; plainly;
clearlv ; [obs.^Shak.
t PRe'GRA-VATE, v. t. [L. prmgravo.] To bear down ;
to depress. Hall.
PRE-GRAV'I-TATE, v. i. To descend by gravity.
PRE-GUS-Ta'TION, 71. [L. prcB and gusto.] The act of
tasting before another. Diet.
PRE-HEN'SILE, a. [L. prehendo^ prehensus.] Seizing;
grasping ; adapted to seize or grasp.
PRE-HEN'SION, n. A taking hold ; a seizing ; as with the
hand or other limb. Lawrence.
PREHN'ITE, n. A mineral of the siliceous kind.
PRE-IN-STRUCT', v. t. To instruct previously.
PRE-IN-STRU€T'ED, pp. Previously instructed or di-
PRE-IN-STRU€T'ING, ppr. Previously instructing.
PRE-IN-TI-MA'TION, n. [pre and intimation.] Previous
intimation; a suggestion beforehand. T.Scott..
PRE-JUDGE', (pre-judj') v. t. [Fr. prejuger.] 1. To judge
in a cause before it is heard, or before the arguments and
facts in the case are fully known. 2. To judge and de-
termine before the cause is heard ; hence, sometimes, to
condemn beforehand or unheard.
PRE-JUDG'ED, (pre-judjd) pp. Judged beforehand ; deter-
mined unheard.
PRE-JUDG'IN(t, ppr. Judging or determining without a
heanng or before the case is fully understood.
PRE-JUDG'MENT, 71. Judgment in a case without a hear
ing or full examination. Knox.
fPRE-Ju'DI-CA-CY, 71. Prejudice; prepossession.
PRE-Ju'DI-CATE, v. t. [l^.prrn and jwdtco.J To prejudge ;
to determine beforehand to disadvantage.
PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, v. i. To form a judgment without due
examination of the facts and arguments in the case.
PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, a. 1. Formed before due examination.
2. Prejudiced ; biased by opinions formed prematurely ;
[little used.]
PRE-Ju'DI-€A-TED, p^J Prejudged.
PRE-JtJ'DI-CA-TING, ppr. Prejudging.
PRE-JU-DI-€a'TION, n. The act of judging without i;^M
examination of facts and evidence.
* See Synopsis. IVIOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this | Obsolete
PRE
634
PRE
rRE^CDI-GA-nVE, a. Forming an opinion or judgment
without examination. More.
PREJ'U-DICE, n. [Fr. ; h. prejudicium.'] 1. Prejudgment;
an opinion or decision of mind, formed without due ex-
amination of the facts or arguments which are necessary
to a just and impartial determination. 2. A previous bent
or bias of mind for or against any person or thing ; pre-
possession. 3. Mischief; hurt; damage; injury.
PREJ'U-DlCE, V. t. 1. To prepossess with unexamined
opinions ; to bias the mind by liasty and incorrect notions,
and give it an unreasonable bent to one side or other of a
cause. Watts. 2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or
an undue previous bias of the mind ; or to hurt; to dam-
age ; to diminish ; to impair.
PREJ'U-DiCED, pp. or a. Prepossessed by unexamined
opinions; biased.
PREJ-U-Dl"CIAL, a. 1. Biased or blinded by prejudices ;
[ols.] 2. Hurtful ; mischievous ; injurious ; disadvanta-
geous ; detrimental ; tending to obstruct or impair.
PREJ-U-DT"CIAL-NESS, n. The state of being prejudicial;
injuriousness.
* tiCELA-GY, or PREL'A-CY. n. 1. The office of a pre.
late. 2. Episcopacy ; the order of bishops, 3. Bishops,
coilcctivclv •
*PRF:'LATE, or PREL'ATE, n. \Yt.prelat.] An eccle-
siastic of the higher order, as an archbishop, bishop or pa-
triarch ; a dignitary of the church.
* PRE'LATE-tSHIP, n. The office of a prelate. Harmar.
PKP-T^AT'I^AL \°" Pertaining to prelates or prelacy.
PRE-LAT'I-GAL-LY, adv. With reference to prelates.
PRE-La'TION, n. [L. prcelatio.] Preference ; the setting
of one above another. [Little used.] Hale.
* PRe'LA-TISM, n. Prelacy ; episcopacy. Milton.
* PRE'LA-TIST, 71. An advocate for prelacy, or the gov-
ernment of the church by bishops ; a high-churchman.
T. Scott.
* PRE'LA-TURE, I n. [Fr. prelature.'] The state or
* PRE'LA-TURE-SHIP, \ dignity nf a prelate. Diet.
* t PRE'LA-TY, n. Episcopacy ; prelacy. Milton.
PRE-LE€T', v. t. [L. pvislectus.] To read a lecture or pub-
lic discoui'se. Horsley.
PRE-LE€'TI0N, 71. [L. prcBlectio.] A lecture or discourse
read in public or to a select company. Hale.
PRE-LE€T0R, n. A reader of discourses ; a lecturer.
PRE-LI-Ba'TION, 71. [L. prcelibo.] 1. Foretaste ; a tasting
beforehand or by anticipation. 2. An eflusion previous to
tasting.
PRE-LIM'I-NA-RY, a. [Fr. preliminaire ; It. preliminare.]
Introductory ; previous ; proemial ; that precedes the
main discourse or busuiess.
PRE-LIM'I-NA-RY, n. That which precedes the main dis-
course, work, design or business ; something previous or
preparatory.
*PRE'LUDE, or PREL'UDE, n. [Low*L. prceludium.]
1. A short flight of music, or irregular air, played by a
musician before he begins the piece to be played, or before
a full concert. 2. Something intioductory, or that shows
what is to follow. 3. A forerunner; something which
indicates a future event.
PRE-LuDE', V. t. I. To introduce with a previous per-
formance ; to play before. 2. To precede, as an intro-
ductory piece.
PRE-LuDE', V. i. To serve as an introduction to. Drij-
den .
PRE-LtJD'ED, pp. Preceded by an introductory perfonn-
aiits; preceded.
* PRe'LU-DER, 7!. One that plays a prelude, or introduces
by a previous irregular piece of music.
PRE-LuD'ING, ppr. Playing an introductory air; prece-
ding.
PRE-Lu'DI-OUS, a. Previous ; introductory. Cleaveland.
PRE-LU'DI-UM, 71. [Low L.] A prelude. Dryden.
PRE-Lu'SIVE, a. Previous ; introductory ; indicating that
something of a like kind is to follow.
PRE-Lu'S6-RY, a. Previous ; introductory ; prelusive.
PRE-MA-TuRE', a. [Fr. premature ; L. pi-amaturus.] 1.
Ripe before tlie natural or proper time. 2. Happening,
arriving, performed or adopted before the proper time.
3. AiTiving or received without due authentication or
«;vidence.
)'RE-MA-TuRE'LY, adv. 1. Too soon ; too early ; before
t])e proper time. 2. Without due evidence or authenti-
cation. '
PRE-MA-TrRE'NESS, \ n. I. Ripeness before the natural
PRE-MA-TU'RI-TY, \ or proper tune. 9. Too great
haste ; unseasonable earliness.
PRE-MED'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. premediter ; L prccmeditor.]
To think on and revolve in the mind beforehand ; to
contrive and design previously. Dryden.
PRE-MED'I-TATE, v. i. To think, consider or revolve in
the mind beforehand ; to deliberate. Hooker.
PRE-MED'I-TATE, a. Contrived by previous meditation.
PRE-MED'I-TA-TED, pp. 1. Previously considered or
meditated. 2. Previously contrived, designed or intend
ed; deliberate; willful.
PRE-MED'I-TATE-LY, adv. With previous meditation.
PRE-MED'I-TA-TING, ppr. Previously meditating ; con-
triving or intending beforehand.
PRE-MED-I-Ta'T10N, 71. [L. prcemeditatio.} 1. The act
of meditating beforehand ; previous deliberation. 2. Pre-
vious contrivance or design formed.
PRE-MER'IT, v. t. [pre and merit.'] To merit or deserve
beforehand. [Little used,] K. Charles.
fPREM'I-CES, 77. [Fr.; 1.. primitice.] First fruits.
*PReM'IER, (preem'yer) a. [Fi., fioml.. primus.] First
chief; principal. Swift.
*PReM'1ER, n. The first minister of state ; the prune min-
ister.
* PReM'IER-SHIP, 71. The office or dignity of the first
minister of state.
PRE-MlSE', V. t. [L. prcemissus.] 1. To speak or write
before, or as introductory to the main subject ; to offer
previously, as something to explain or aid in understand-
ing what follows. 2. To send before the time ; [obs.] 3.
To lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest
the subsequent reasonings. 4. To use or apply previously.
PRE-MlSE', V. i. To state antecedent propositions. Swift.
PREMISE, (prem'is) 77. A first or antecedent proposition.
PREM'I-SES, 77. \¥r. premisses ; L. prcemissa.] 1. In logic,
the two first propositions of a syllogism, from which the
inference or conclusion is drawn. 2. Propositions ante-
cedently supposed or proved. — 3. In law, land or other
things mentioned in the preceding part of a deed.
PREM'ISS, 71. Antecedent proposition. [Rarely used.]
PRe'MI-UM, 77. [L.] Properhj, a reward or recompense ; a
prize to be won by competition ; the reward or prize to
be adjudged to the bestperfonnance or production. 2. The
recompense or prize offered for a specific discovery or for
success in an enterprise. 3. A bounty ; something offered
or given for the loan of money. 4.' The recompense to
underwriters for insurance. 5. It is sometimes synony-
mous with interest. 6. A bounty.
PRE-MON'ISH, V. t. [L. prmmoiieo.] To forewarn ; to ad-
monish beforehand.
PRE-MON'ISHED, pp. Forewarned.
PRE-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Admonishing beforehand.
PRE-MON'ISH MENT, 77. Previous warning or admoni-
tion ; previous information.
PRE-MO-Nl"TION, ti. Previous warning, notice or infor-
mation.
PRE-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Giving previous warning or no-
tice.
PRE-MON'STRANTS, n. [L. prcemonstrans.] A religious
order of regular canons or monks of Premontre, in the
isle of France.
PRE-MONSTRAfE, 75. «. [L. prmmonstro.] To show be-
forehand. [Little used.] Herbert.
PRE-MON-STRa'TION, 77. A showing beforehand. [L. u.]
PRE-MORSE', (pre-mors') a. [L. pramordeo.] Bitten off.
PRE-Mo TION, 71. [pre and motion.] Previous motion or
excitement to action. Encyc.
*PREM-U-Nl'RE, 71. [See Fr^munire.] 1. in law, the
offense of introducing foreign authority into England,
and the writ which is grounded on the offense. 2. The .
penalty incurred by the offense above described. South.
t PRE-MU-N^TE', V. t. To guard against objection ; to for-
tify.
PRE-MU-Nf"TI0N, n. [h. prcemunitio, from prcemunio.] An
anticipation of objections. Diet.
PRE-No'MEN, 77. [L. prcenomen.] Among the Romans, a
name prefixed to the family name, answering to our
Christian name.
PRE-NOM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. prm and 7107777720.] To fore-
name.
PRE-NOM'I-NATE, a. Forenamed. Shak.
PRE-NOM-I-Na'TION, 77. The privilege of being named
first. _
PRE-No'TION, 77. [L.pranotio.] A notice or notion which
precedes something else in time ; previous notion or
thought; foreknowledge.
PREN-Sa'TION, n. [L. prensatio.] The act of seizing with
violence. [Little iised.] Barrow.
PREN'TlCE. A colloquial contraction of apprentice, which
see.
PREN'TiCE-SHIP. A contraction of apprenticeship, which
see. Pope.
t PRE-NUN-CI-A'TION, 71. [L. prcenuncio ] The act of tell-
ing before. Diet.
PRE-OB-TaIN', v. t. To obtain beforehand.
PRE-OB-TaIN'ED, (pre-ob-tand') pp. Previously obtained.
PRE-0€'€U-PAN-CY, 77. [L. prmoccupans.] 1. The act of
taking possession before another 2. The right of taking
possession before others.
fPRE-Oe'eU-PATE, V. t. [L. prmoccupo.] 1. To antici-
pate ; to take before. 2. To prepossess ; to fill with preju-
dices.
PRE-OC-€U-Pa'TION, n. 1. A taking possession before
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, "?, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE. BIRD :
t Obsolete
PRE
635
PRE
another J prior occupation. 2. Anticipation. 3. Prepos-
session. 4. Anticipation of objections.
PRE-0€'€U-Py, v. t.rh.praoccupo.] 1. To take possession
before another. 2. To prepossess ; to occupy by anticipa-
tion or prejudices.
PRE-OM'f-NATE, v. t. [L. prm and ominor.] To prognosti-
cate ; to gather from omens any future event.
PRE-0-PIN'ION, n. [pre and opmionJ] Opinion previously
formed ; prepossession. Brown.
PRE-OFTION, n. The right of first choice.
PRE-OR-DaIN', v. t. [pre and ordain.] To ordain or ap-
point beforehand ; to predetermine.
PRE-OR-DaIN'ED, (pre-or-dand') pp. Antecedently or-
dained or determined.
PRE-OR-DaIN'ING, ppr. Ordaining beforehand,
PRE-OR'DI-NANCE, n. [pre and ordinance.] Antecedent
decree or determination. Shak.
PRE-OR'DI-MATE, a. Foreordained. [Little used.]
PRE-OR-DI-Na'TION, 71. The act of foreordaining ; pre-
vious determination. Fotherby.
PRE-FaR'A-BLE, a. That may be prepared. Boyle.
t PREP'A-RATE, part. [L. preparhtiis.] Prepared.
PREP-A-Ra'TION, n. [L. prmparatio.] 1. The act or ope-
ration of preparing or fitting for a particular purpose, use,
service or condition. 2. Previous measures of adaptation.
3. Ceremonious introduction ; [umisual.] Shak. 4. That
vi^hich is prepared, made or compounded for a particular
purpose. 5. The state of being prepared or in readiness.
6. Accomplishment ; qualification ; [obs.] 7. In ■pharma-
cy, any medicinal substance fitted for the use of the pa-
tient. — 8. In anatomy, the parts of animal bodies prepared
and preserved for anatomical uses.
PRE-PAR'A-TIVE, a. [It. preparativo ; Fr. preparatif.]
Tending to prepare or make ready ; having the power of
preparing, qualifying or fitting for any thing ; preparatory.
PRE-PAR'A-TiVE, n. 1. That which has the power of pre-
paring or previously fitting for a purpose ; that which
prepares. 2. That which is done to prevent an evil or
secure some good. 3. Preparation.
PRE-PAR'A-TiVE-LY, adv. By way of preparation. Hale.
PRE-PAR'A-TO-RY, a. [It., Sp. preparatwio ; Fr. prepar-
atoire.] 1. Previously necessary ; useful or qualifying ;
preparing the way for any thing by previous measures of
adaptation. 2. Introductory ; previous ; antecedent and
adapted to what follows.
PRE-PARE', V. t. [Fr. preparer ; It. preparare ; Sp., Port.
preparar ; L. prmparo.] I. In a general sense, to fit, adapt
or qualify for a particular purpose, end, use, service or
state, by any means whatever. 2. To make ready. 3.
To provide ; to procure as suitable. 4. To set ; to estab-
lish. 5. To appoint. 6. To guide, direct or establish.
1 Chron. xxix.
PRE-PARE', V. i. 1. To make all things ready ; to put
things in suitable order. 2. To take the necessary pre-
vious measures. 3. To make one's self ready.
t PRE-PARE', n. Preparation. Shak.
PRE-PAR ED, (pre-pard') pp. Fitted ; adapted ; made suit-
able j made ready 3 provided.
PRE-PAR'ED-LY, adv. With suitable previous measures.
PRE-PAR'ED-NESS, n. The state of being prepared or in
readiness. South.
PRE-PAR'ER, n. ] . One that prepares, fits or makes ready.
2. One that provides. 3. That which fits or makes suita-
ble.
PRE-PAR'ING, ppr. Fitting ; adapting ; making ready ;
providing.
PRE-PEl^SE', (pro-pens') ffl. [h. prapensus.] Preconceived j
premeditated; aforethought.
t PRE-PENSE', V. t. To weigh or consider beforehand.
t PRE-PENSE', V. i. To deliberate beforehand.
PRE-PENS'ED, (pre-pensf) pp. or a. Previously conceived ;
premeditated. [Little used.]
PRE-POL'LENCE, ) n. [L. prcspollens.] Prevalence ; su-
PRE-POL'LEN-CY, \ periority of power. Coventry.
PRE-POL'LENT, a. Having superior gravity or power;
prevailing. Boyle.
t PRE-POND'ER, V. t. To outweigh. Wolton.
PRE-POND'ER-ANCE, / ?i. [See Preponderate.] 1. An
PRE-POND'ER-AN-CY, \ outweighing ; superiority of
weight. 2. Superiority of power, force or weight; in a
figurative sense.
PKE-POND'ER-ANT, a. Outweighing. Reid.
PRE-POND'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. prcepondero.] 1. To out-
weigh ; to overpower by weight. 2. To overpower by
stronger influence or moral pbwer.
PRE-POND'ER-ATE, v. i. 1. To exceed in weight ; hence,
to incline or descend, as the scale of a balance. 2. To
exceed in influence or power ; hence, to incline to one side.
PRE-POND'ER-A-TING, ppr. Outweighing ; inclining to
one side.
PRE-POND-ER-a'TION, n. The act or state of outweigh-
ing any thing, or of inclining to one side. Watts.
PRE-POSE', V. t. [Fr. preposer.] To put before. [Mot
much used.] Focaloir.
PREP-0-SI"TION, n. [Fr.; L. prtepositio.] In grammar, a
word usually put before another to express some relation
or quality, action or motion to or from the tiling spe-
cifieu.
PREP-0-Si«TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a preposition, or to
preceding position. Encyc.
PRE-POS'1-TiVE, a. Put before. Jones.
PRE-POS'I-TiVE, n. A word or particle put before anothei
word. Jones.
PRE-POS'I-TOR, 71. [L. prcepositor.] A scholar appointed
by the instructor to inspect other scholars.
PRE-POS'I-TURE, w. The office or place of a provost; a
provostship.
PRE-POS-SESS', V. t. 1. To preoccupy, as ground or land ;
to take previous possession of. 2. To iireoccupy the mind
or heart so as to preclude other things , hence, to bias or
prejudice. See * Possess.
PRE-POS-SESS'ED, (pre-pos-sesf) pp. Preoccupied; in-
clined previously to favor or disfavor.
PRE-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. 1. Taking previous possession
2. a. Tending to invite favor; having power to secure the
possession of favor, esteem or love.
PRE-POS-SES'SION, n. 1. Preoccupation ; prior possession
2. Preconceived opinion ; the effiect of previous impres
sions on the mind or heart, in favor or against any person
or thing. It is often used in a good sense ; sometimes it
is equivalent to prejudice, and sometimes a softer name
for it. In general, it conveys an idea less odious than
prejudice; as the pre^o6sessio?is of education. South.
PRE-POS'TER-OUS, a.[Ij. prceposterus.] 1. Literally, hav
ing that first which ought to be last ; inverted in order
2. Perverted; wrong; absurd; contrary to nature or rea-
son ; not adapted to the end. 3. Foolish ; absurd.
PRE-POS'TER-OUS-LY, ad^j. In a wrong or inverted ci-
der; absurdly; foolishly. Bentley.
PRE-POS'TER-OUS-NESS, n. Wrong order or method ,
absurdity ; inconsistency with nature or reason.
PRE-Po'TEN-CY, n. ^L. prapctentia.] Superior power,
predominance. [Little used.] Brown.
PRE-Po'TENT, a. [L. prmpotens.] Very powerful. [L. u.]
PRe'PUCE, n. [Fr. ; L. proeputium.] The foreskin ; a prcn
longation of the cutis of the penis, covering the glans.
PRE-RE-MoTE', a. [pre and remote.] More remote in pre-
vious time or prior order.
PRE-RE-aUlRE', V. t. [pre and require.] To require pre-
viously. Hammond.
PRE-REa'UI-SiTE, a. [pre and requisite.] Previously
required or necessary to something subsequent.
PRE-REa'UI-SlTE, n. Something that is previously re-
quired or necessary to the end proposed.
PRE-RE-SOLVE', v. t. To resolve previously.
PRE-RE-SOLV'ED, (pre-re-zolvd') pp. Resolved before-
hand ; previously determined.
PRE-RE-SOLV'ING, ppr. Resolving beforehand.
PRE-ROG'A-TlVE, m. [Fr.; It. prerogativo ; L. prceroga-
tiva.] An exclusive or peculiar privilege.
PRE-ROG'A-TlVE-€oURT, n. In Great Britain, a court
for the trial of all testamentary causes, where the de-
ceased has left bona notabilia, or effects of the value of
five pounds, in two different dioceses.
PRE-ROG'A-TIVED, a. Having prerogative. [Little used.]
Shak.
P"RE-ROG'A-TIVE-OF'FICE, n. The office in which the
wills proved in the prerogative court are registered.
PRES, PREST, seem to be derived from the Saxon preost,
a priest ; it being usual, in after times, to drop the letter
o in like cases. Gibson.
* PRe'SAGE, or PRES'A6E, n. [Fr.; Sp., It. presagio ; L
prmsagium.] Something which foreshows a future event ;
a prognostic ; a present fact indicating something to come.
PRE-SaGE', v.t. 1. To forebode ; to foreshow ; to indicate
by some present fact what is to follow or come to pasH.
2. To foretell ; to predict ; to prophesy.
PRE-SaGE', v. i. To form or utter a prediction ; with of
PRE-Sa'GED, (pre-sajd') pp. Foreboded ; foreshown ; fore-
told. _
PRE-SaGE'FUL, a. Full of presages ; containing presaaes
PRE-SaGE'MENT, n. 1. A foreboding ; foretoken. TVotion.
2. A foretelling ; prediction.
PRE-Sa'GER, n. A foreteller ; a foreshower. Shak,
PRE-Sa'GING,;)^?-. Foreshowing; foretelling.
PRES'BY-TER, n. [Gr. npea^vrepos.] 1. In the primitive
Christian church, an elder ; a person somewhat advanced
in age, who had authority in the church. 2. A priest; a
person who has the pastoral charge of a particular church
and congregation ; called, in the Saxon laws, mass-priest.
Hooker. 3. A Presbyterian. Butler.
PRES-BY-Te'RI-AL, ^ a. 1. Pertaining to a presbyter, 01
PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN, ( to ecclesiastical government by
presbyters. 2. Consisting of presbyters.
PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN, n. 1. One that maintains the validity
of ordination and government by presbyters. 2. One thai
belongs to a church governed by presbyters.
* See Synopsis. Mo VE BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
PRE
PRES-BY-TS'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines, principles
and discipline or government of Presbyterians. Addison.
PRES'BY-TER-Y, lu 1. A body of elders in the Christian
church. — 2. In ecclesiastical ^ouer7irae7it, a judicatory con-
sisting of all the pastors of churches within a certain dis-
trict, and one ruling elder, a layman, from each parish,
commissioned to represent the parish in conjunction with
the minister. 3. The Presbyterian religion.
* PRESCIENCE, (pre-sl'ense, or pre'shens) n. [Low L, prcB-
seientia.] Foreknowledge ; knowledge of events before
they take place.
•PRESCIENT, (pre-si'ent, or pre'shent) a. Foreknowing;
having knowledge of events before they take place. Pope.
PRE-SCIND', V. t. [L. pr(Bscindo.] To cut off; to abstract.
[Little used.] JVorris,
PRE-SCIND'ENT, a. Cutting off; abstracting. Cheyne.
PRE'SCIOtJS, a. [L. praisciiis.] Foreknowing ; having
foreknowledge. Dryden.
PRE-S€RlBE', V. t. [L. prmscribo.] 1. In medicine, to di-
rect, as a remedy to be used or applied to a diseased pa-
tient. 2. To set or lay down authoritatively for direction ;
to give as a rule of conduct. 3. To direct.
PRE-S€RlBE', V. i. 1. To write or give medical directions ;
to direct what remedies are to be used. 2. To give law ;
to influence arbitrarily.— 3. In law, to claim by prescrip-
tion ; to claim a title to a thing by immemorial use and
enjoyment. 4. To influence by long use ; [obs.]
PRE-SCRlB'ED, (pre-skribd') pp. Directed; ordered.
PRE-S€RlB'ER, n. One that prescribes.
PRE-SCRlB'ING, ppr. Directing ; giving as a rule of con-
duct or treatment.
PRE'SeRIP"^ a. [L. prcBscriptus.] Directed; prescribed.
PRE'SCRIPT, n. [L. prcescriptum.] 1. A direction ; a med-
ical order for the use of medicines. 2. Direction ; pre-
cept ; model prescribed.
PRE-S€RIP'TI-BLE, a. That may be prescribed for.
PRE-S€RIP'TI0N, n. [L. praiscriptic] I. The act of
prescribing or directing by rules ; or that which is pre-
scribed ; particularly, a medical direction of remedies for
a disease and the manner of using them ; a recipe. — 2. In
law, a prescribing for title ; the claim of title to a thing by
virtue of immemorial use and enjoyment ; or the right
to a thing derived from such use. — 3. In Scots law, the
title to lands acquired by uninterrupted possession for
the time which the law declares to be sufficient, or 40
years,
PRE-S€RIP'TlVE, a. 1. Consisting in or acquired by im-
memorial use and enjoyment. 2. Pleading the contin-
uance and authority of custom. Hurd.
t PRES'E-ANCE, n. [Fr.] Priority of place in sitting.
PRES'ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. prcesentia.] 1. The existence of
a person or thing in a certain place. 2. A being in com-
pany near or before the face of another. 3. Approach
face to face or nearness of a great personage. 4. State of
being in view ; sight. — 5. By way of distinction, state of
being in view of a superior. 6. A number assembled be-
fore a great person. 7. Port ; mien ; air ; personal ap-
pearance ; demeanor. 8. The apartment in whicJi a
prince shows himself to his court. 9. The person of a supe-
rior. — Presence of mind, a calm, collected state of the mind
with its faculties at command. Waller.
PRES'ENCE-CHaM-BER, I n. The room in which a
PRES'ENCE-ROOM, ] /great personage receives
company.
PRE-SEN-SA'TION, n. Previous notion or idea.
PRE-SEN'SION, n. [L. prtesensio.] Previous perception.
[Little used.] Brown.
PRES'ENT, a. [Fr. present; L. prcesens.] 1. Being in a
certain place ; opposed to absent 2. Being before the
face, or near ; being in company 3. Being now in view
or under consideration. 4. Now existing, or being at this
time ; not past or future. 5. Ready at hand ; quick in
emergency. 6. Favorably attentive ; not heedless ; pro-
pitious. 7. Not absent of mind ; not abstracted ; atten-
tive. — The present, an elliptical expression for the present
time. Milton. — At present, elliptically for at the present
time. — Present tense, in grammar, the tense or form of
a verb which expresses action or being in the present
time.
PRE.'5'ENT, ?i. [Fr.] That which is presented or given ; a
gift ; a donative ; something given or offered to another
gratuitously. — Presents, in the plural, is used in law for a
deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney or other
writmg ; as in the phrase, " Know all men by these pres-
ents '
PRE-SENT', v. t. [Low L. prcBsento ; Fr. presenter.] I.
To set, place or introduce into the presence or before the
face of a superior. 2. To exhibit to view or notice. 3.
To offer ; to exhibit. 4. To give ; to offer gratuitously
for reception. 5. To put into the hands of another in cer-
emony. 6. To favor with a gift. 7. To nominate to an
ecclesiastical benefice ; to offer to the bishop or ordinary
as a candidate for institution. 8. To offer. 9. To lay
before a public body for consideration, as before a legis-
636 PRE
lature, a court of judicature, a corporation, &c. 10. To
lay before a court of judicature as an object of inquiry ,
to give notice officially of a crime or offense. 11. To
point a weapon, particularly some species of fire-arms.
12. To indict ; a customary use of the word in the United
PRE-SENT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be presented ; that
may be exhibited or represented. Burke. 2. That may
be offered to a church living. 3. That admits of the pres-
entation of a clerk ; [unursual.]
PRES-EN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. prmsentaneus.] Ready:
quick ; immediate. Harvey.
PRES-EN-Ta'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of presenting.
2. Exhibition ; representation ; display.— 3. In ecclesiasti-
cal law, the act of offering a clerk to the bishop or ordina-
ry for institution in a benefice. 4. The right of present
ing a clerk.
PRE-SENT' A-TtVE, a. 1. In ecclesiastical affairs, that
has the right of presentation, or offering a clerk to the
bishop for institution. 2. That admits the presentation of
PRE-SENT'ED, pp. Offered ; given ; exhibited to view ,
accused.
PRES'EN-TEE, n. One presented to a benefice. Ayliffe.
PRE-SENT'ER, n. One that presents.
PRE-SEN'TIAL, G. Supposing actual presence. [LiUleused.]
JVorris.
PRES-EN-TIAL'I-TY, n. The state of being present. [Lit-
tle used.]
PRE-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In a way which supposes actual
presence. More.
PRE-SEN'TIATE, v. t. To make present. [L. u.] Grew.
{^rII'-ISfiSaL, I ''- Making present.
t PRES-EN-TIF'I€-LY, adv. In such a manner as to make
present. More.
PRE-SENT'I-MENT, 71. [pre and sentiment.] Previous con-
ception, sentiment or opinion ; previous apprehension of
something future. Butler.
PRES'ENT-LY, adv. 1. At present ; at this time ; [obs.]
Sidney. 2. In a short time after ; soon after. 3. Imme-
diately.
PRESENTMENT, n. 1. The act of presenting. 2. Ap-
pearance to the view ; representation.— 3. In law, a pre-
sentment, properly speaking, is the notice taken by a
grand jury of any offense from their own knowledge or
observation, without any bill of indictment laid before
them. Blackstone. — 4. In a more general sense, present-
ment comprehends inquisitions of office and indictments.
Blackstone. — In the United States, a presentment is an offi-
cial accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury
in an indictment ; or it is the act of offering an indict-
ment. It is also used for the indictment itself. 5. The
official notice in court which the jury or homage gives of
the surrender of a copyhold estate. Blackstone.
tPRES'ENT-NESS, 71. Presence. Clarendon.
PRE-SERV'A-BLE, a. That may be preserved.
PRES-ER-VaTION, 71. [It. preservaiione ; Sp, preserva-
cion.] The act of preserving or keeping safe; the act of
keeping from injury, destruction or decay.
PRE-SERV'A-TiVE, a. [It. preservativo ; Fr. preservatif.]
Having the power or quality of keeping safe from injury,
destruction or decay ; tending to preserve.
PRE-SERV'A-TIVE, 7?,. That which preserves or has
the power of preserving ; a preventive of injury or de-
cay.
PRE-SERV'A-TO-RY, a. That tends to preserve. HaJl.
PRE-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. That which has the power of
preserving ; a preservative. Whitlock.
PRE-SERVE', (pre-zerv') v. t. [Fr. preserver; It. preserv-
are.] 1. To keep or save from injury or destruction ; to
defend from evil. 2. To uphold ; to sustain. 3. To save
from decay ; to keep in a sound state. 4. To season with
sugar or other substances for preservation. 5. To keep
or defend from corruption.
PRE-SERVE', (pre-zerv') n. Fruit or a vegetable seasoned
and kept in sugar or sirup. Mortimer.
PRE-SERV'ED, (pre-zervd') pp. Saved from injury, de-
struction or decay ; kept or defended from evil ; seasoned
with sugar for preservation.
PRE-SERV'ER, n. 1. The person or thing that preserves ;
one that saves or defends from destruction or evil. 2
One that makes preserves of fruits.
PRE-SERV'ING, ppr. Keeping safe from injury, destruc-
tion or decay ; defending from evil.
PRE-SlDE', V. i. [L. prasideo ; Fr. presidcr.] 1. To be set
over for the exercise of authority ; to direct, control and
govern, as the chief officer. 2. To exercise superintend-
ence ; to watch over as inspector.
PRES'I-DEN-CY, n. 1. Superintendence ; inspection and
care. 2. The office of president. 3. The term during which
a president holds his office. 4. The jurisdiction of a pres-
ident. 5. The family or suit of a president.
PRES'I-DENT, n. [Fr,; l.. prcesidens.] 1. An officer elected
♦ See Synopsis. A, E. T, O, tj, Y, long.—FiiR, FALL, WHAT ; -PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;
Obsolete
PRE
637
PRE
or appointed to preside over a corporation, company or
assembly of men, to keep order, manage their concerns
or govern their proceedings. 2. An officer appointed or
elected to govern a province or territory, or to administer
the government of a nation. 3. The chief oificer of a col-
lege or university. U. States. 4. A tutelar pov/er. — Fice-
president, one who is second in authority to the presiden>..
PRES-I-DEN'TIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a president. Walsh.
2. Presiding over. Olanville.
PRES'I-DENT-SHIP, n. 1. The office and place of pres-
ident. 2. The term for which a president holds his office.
PRE-SID'I-AL, ) a. [L. prcBsidhim.] Pertaining to a
PRE-SID'IA-RY, ) garrison 5 having a garrison. JKbiceZZ.
PRE-SIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of signifying or
showing beforehand. Barrow.
PRE-SIG'NI-FY, V. t. [pre and signify.'] To intimate or sig-
nify beforehand 3 to show previously. Pearson.
PRESS, V. t. [Fr. presser ,- It. pressare.] 1. To urge with
^orce or weight ; a word of extensive use, denoting the
application of any power, physical or mora!, to something
that is to be moved or affected. 2. To squeeze ; to cruslr.
3. To drive with violence ; to huiTy. 4. To urge ; to
enforce ; to inculcate with earnestness. 5. To embrace
closely ; to hug. 6. To force into service, particularly
into naval service ; to impress. 7. To straiten ; to dis-
tress. 8. To constrain ; to compel ; to urge by authority
or necessity. 9. To urge ; to impose by importunity.
JO. To urge or solicit with earnestness or importunity.
11. To urge ; to constrain. 12. To squeeze for making
smooth ; as cloth or paper.
PRESS, V. i. 1. To urge or strain in motion ; to urge for-
ward with force. 2. To bear on with force ; to encroach.
3. To bear on with force 5 to crowd ; to throng. 4. To
approach unseasonably or importunately. 5. To urge
with vehemence and importunity 6. To urge by influ-
ence or moral force. 7. To push with force ; as, to press
against the door.
PRESS, w. [It. pressa; Fr. presse.] 1. An instrument or
machine by which any body is squeezed, crushed or forced
into a more compact form. 2. A machine for printing ;
a printing-press. 3. The art or business of printing and
publishing. 4. A crowd 5 a throng ; a multitude of indi-
viduals crowded together. 5. The act of urging or push-
ing forward. 6. A wine-vat or cistern. Hag. ii. 7. A
case or closet for the safe keeping of garments. 8. Ur-
gency ; urgent demands of affairs. 9. A commission to
force men into public service, particularly into the navy.
—Press of sail, in navigation, is as much sail as the state
of the wind will permit. — Liberty of the press, in civil pol-
icy, is the free right ef publishing books, pamphlets or pa-
pers without previous restraint.
FRESS'-BED, n. A bed that may be raised and inclosed in
a case.
PRESSED, pp. Urged by force or weight 5 constrained ;
distressed ; crowded ; embraced.
PRESS'ER, n. One that presses.
PRESS'-GANG, n. A detachment of seamen under the
command of an officer, empowered to impress men into
the naval service.
PRESS'ING, ppr. 1. Urging with force or weight ; squeez-
ing ; constraining ; crowding ; embracing ; distressing ;
forcing into service ; rolling in a press. 2. a. Urgent ;
distressing.
PRESS'ING, n. The act or operation of applying force to
bodies.
PRESS'ING-LY, adu. With force or urgency ; closely.
PRES'SION, (presh'un) n. [It. pressione.] 1. The act of
pressing. — 2. In the Cartesian philosophy, an endeavor to
move.
r PRESS'I-TANT, a. Gravitating ; heavy. More.
j-FRESS'LY, adv. [L. presse.] Closely. More.
PRESS'MAN, n. 1. In printing, the man who manages
the press and impresses the sheets. 2. One of a press-
gang, who aids in forcing men into the naval service.
PRESS'-M6N-EY, n. Money paid to a man impressed into
public service. [See Prest-monet.] Gay.
PRESS'URE, (presh'ur) n. [It., L. presstira.] 1. The act
of pressing or urging with force. 2. The act of squeez-
ing or crushing,. 3. The state of being squeezed or crush-
ed. 4. The force of one body acting on another by
weight or the continued application of power. 5. A con-
straining force or impulse ; that which urges or compels
the intellectual or moral faculties. 6. That which af-
flicts the body or depresses the spires ; any severe afflic-
tion, distress, calamity or grievance ; straits, difficulties,
embarrassments, or the distress they occasion. 7. Ur-
gency ; as the pressure of business. 8. Impression ;
stamp; character impressed. — 9. In the steam-en ffme,high^
pressure denotes a pressure greater than that of the atmos-
phere ; low-pressure, a pressure not greater than that of
me atmosphere.
PREST, sometimes used for p-essed. Sec Press.
fPREST, a. [Old Fr. prest, or preste, now prit, pret, or
preste.] I. Ready : prompt. Fairfax. 2. Neat 5 tight.
t PREST, n. [Fr. prit.] 1. A loan. Bacm. 2. Formerly,
a duty in money
PREST '-MoN-EY, n. Money paid to men impressed into
the service. Encyc.
PRES-Ta'TION, n. [L. prcestatio.] Formerly, a payment
of money ; sometimes used for purveyance.
PRES-Ta'TION-M6N-EY, w. A sum of money paid year-
ly by archdeacons and other dignitaries to their bishop,
pro exteriore jurisdictione.
PRES'TER, n. [Gr. rrpnarrjp.] 1. A meteor thrown from
the clouds with such violence, that by collision it is set
on fire. 2. The external part of the neck, which swells
when a person is angry.
PRES'TI-GES, n. [L. prcestigice.] Juggling tricks ; impo»-
tures.
PRES-TIG-I-A'TION, n. [L. prcBstigice.] The playing of
legerdemain tricks 3 a juggling. Diet.
PRES-Tl6-I-A'TOR, 7t. A juggler 3 a cheat. More.
PRES-TIG'I-A-TO-RY, a. Juggling 3 consisting of impcs-
tures,
PRES-TIG'I-OUS, a. Practicing tricks ; juggling. Bale.
PRES'TI-MO-NY, n. [Port., Sp. prestimonio.] In canon
law, a fund for the support of a priest, appropriated by the
founder.
PRES'TO, adv. [Sp., It. presto; !•. prcesto.] 1. In wm^c,
a direction for a quick, lively movement or performance.
2. CiuJckly 3 immediately ; in haste. Swift.
PRE-STRI€'TlON, n. [1,. praistrictus.] Dimness.
PRE-SuM'A-BLE, a. [Yrom presume.] That may be pre-
sumed 3 that may be supposed to be true or entitled to be-
lief, without examination or direct evidence, or on proba-
ble evidence.
PIlE-SuM'A-BLY, adv. By presuming or supposing some-
thingto be true, without direct proof. Brown.
PRE-SUME', V. t. [Fr. presumer ; It. presumere ; h. prm-
suvio.] To take or suppose t® be true or entitled to belief,
without examination or positive proof, or on the strength
of probability.
PRE-SuME',tJ. t. 1. To venture without positive permis-
sion. 2. To form confident or arrogant opinions. 3. To
make confident or arrogant attempts. 4. It has on or upon
sometimes before the thing supposed.
PRE-SuM'ED, (pre-zumd') pp. Supposed or taken to be
true, or entitled to belief, without positive proof.
PRE-SuM'ER, 71. One that presumes ; also, an arrogant
person. Wott.on.
PRE-SuM'ING, ppr. 1. Ta'^ing as true, or supposing to be
entitled to belief, on probable evidence. 2. a. Venturing
without positive permission 3 too confident 3 arrogant 5
unreasonably bold.
PRE-SUMP'TION, n. [Fr. presomption ; L. prmsumptio.]
1. Supposition of the truth or real existence of something
without direct or positive proof of the fact. 2. Strong
probability. 3. Blind or headstrong confidence ; unrea-
sonable adventurousness 3 a venturing to undertake
something wit|iout reasonable prospect of success, or
against the usual probabilities of safety 3 presumptuous-
ness. 4. Arrogance. 5. Unreasonable confidence in di-
vine favor.
PRE-SUMP'TIVE, a. 1. Taken by previous supposition ;
grounded on probable evidence. 2. Unreasonably confi-
dent 3 adventuring without reasonable ground to expect
success 3 presumptuous 3 arrogant. — Presumptive evidence,
in law, is that which is derived from circumstances which
necessarily or usually attend a fact as distinct from direct
evidence or positive proof. — Presumptive heir, one who
would inherit an estate if the ancestor should die with
things in their present state, but whose right of inheri-
tance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer heir before
the death of the ancestor.
PRE-SUMP'TIVE-LY, adv. By presumption, or supposi-
tion grounded on probability. Burke.
PRE-SUMP'TU-OUS, a. [Fr. presomptueux ; It., Sp. p-e-
s2intuoso.] 1. Bold and confident to excess; adventur-
ing without reasonable ground of success ; hazarding
safety on too slight grounds ; rash. 2. Founded on pre-
sumption ; proceeding from excess of confidence. 3. Ar-
rogant 3 insolent. 4. Unduly confident 5 irreverent with
respect to sacred things. 5. Willful 3 done with bold fle-
sign, rash confidence or in violation of known duty.
PRE-S«UMP'TU-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With rash confidence
2. Arrogantly ; insolently. 3. Willfully 3 in bold defi-
ance of conscience or violation of known duty. 4
With groundless and vain confidence in the divine fa-
voi.
PRE-SUMF'TU-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being pre-
sumptuous or rashly confident: groundless confidence ;
arrogance 5^ irreverent boldness or forwardness.
PRE-SUP-Fo'SAL, w. [pre and svpposal.] Supposal previ-
ously formed 5 presupposition. Hooker.
PRE-SUP-PoSE', •w t. [Fr. presvpposer ; It- presnpporre.]
To suppose as previous ; to imply as antecedent.
PRE-SUP-PoS'ED, (pre-sup-pozd';p/'. Supposed to be ante
cedent.
Synopsis. MdVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J 3 S as Z ; CH as SH ; TO as in this t Obsolete
\:
PRE
638
m
fPRE
rRE-SUP-P6S'ING, ppr. Supposing as previous.
PRE-SUP-PO-Si"TION, n. 1. Supposition previously form-
ed 2. Supposition of sometTiing antecedent.
PRE-SUR-MlSE', 71. A surmise n-^viously formed.
PRE-TEND', V. t. [L. praitenao ; Fr. pretendre.] 1. Lit-
erally^ to reach or stretch forward. 2. To hold out, as a
false appearance ; to offer something feigned instead of
that which is real ; to simulate, in words or actions. 3.
To show hypocritically. 4. To exhibit as a cover for
something hidden ; [obs.] 5. To claim. 6. To intend ;
to design ; [obs.]
PRE-TEND', V. i. To put in a claim, truly or falsely ; to
hold out the appearance of being, possessing or perform-
ing.
PRE-TEND'ED, pp. 1. Held out, as a false appearance ;
feigned; simu'ated. 2. a. Ostensible ; hypocritical.
PRE-TEND ED-LY, adv. By false appearance or represen-
tation. Hammond.
PRE-TEND'ER, n. 1. One who makes a show of some-
thing not real ; one who lays claim to any thing. — 2. In
English history, the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who
laid claim to the crown of Great Britain, but was exclud-
ed by law.
PRE-TEND'ER-SHIP, n. The claim of the Pretender.
PRE-TEND'ING, ppr. Holding out a false appearance ;
laying claim to.
PRE-TEND'ING-LY, adv. Arrogantly ; presumptuously.
PRE-TENSE', (pre-tens') 71. [L. pratensus.] 1. A holding
out or offering to others something false or feigned ; a pre-
senting to o^'^iers a false or hypocritical appearance. 2.
Assumption , oiaim to notice. 3. Claim, true or false. 4.
Something held out to terrify or for other purpose.
PRE-TENS'ED, (pre-tenst') a. Pretended ; feigned. [Little
used.] Enajc.
PRE-TEN'SION, n. [It. pretensions ; Fr. pretention.] 1.
Claim, true or false ; a holding out the appearance of right
or possession of a thing, with a view to maJte others be-
lieve wha» !s nut real, or what, if true, is not j'et known
or admitted. 2. Claim to something to be obtaired, or a
desire to obtain something, manifested by words or ac-
tions. 3. Fictitious appearance ; [obs.^
PRE-TENT'A-TiVE, a. [L. pre and tento.] That may be
previously tried or attempted. [Little used.] Wotton.
PRe'TES, a Latin preposition, [prceter,] is used in some
English words as a prefix. Its proper signification is be-
yond, hence, beside, more.
PRE-TER-IM-PER'PECT, a. [beyond or beside unfinish-
ed.] In grammar, designating the tense which expresses
action or being not perfectly past.
PRe'TER-IT, a. [L. prxteritus.] Past ; applied to the tense
in grammar which expresses an action or being perfectly
past or finished, often that which is just past or completed,
but without a specification of time.
PRE-TER-i"TION, n. [Fr.] I. I'he act of going past ; the
state of being past. — 2. In rhetoric, a figure by which, in
pretending to pass over any thing, we make a summary
iii_ention of it.
PRe'TER-IT-NESS, n. The state of being past. [t. u.]
PRE-TER-LAPS'ED, (pre-ter-lapsf) a. [L. prceterlapsus.]
Past ; gonejby.
PRE-TER-Le'GAL, a. [L. prater, and legal.] Exceeding
the limits of law ; not legal. [Littleused.] K. Charles.
PRE-TER-MIS'SION, n. [L. prmtermissio.] 1. A pass-
ing by ; omission. — 2. In rhetoric, the same as preteri-
tion.
PRE-TER-MIT', v. t. [L. prcetermitto.] To pass by ; to omit.
Bacon.
PRE-TER-NAT'U-RAL, a. [L. prxter and natural.] Be-
yond what is natural, or different from what is natural ;
irregular. We call those events in the physical world
preternatural,-which are extraordinary, which are deemed
to be beyond or without the ordinary course of things, and
yet are not deemed miraculous ; in distinction from events
which are supernatural, which cannot be produced by
physical laws or powers', and must therefore be produced
by a direct exertion of omnipotence. We also apply the
epithet to things uncommon or irregular ; as a preternatu-
ral swelline.
PRE-TER-NAT-U-RAL'I-TY, n. Pretematuralness. [Lit-
PRE-TER-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner beyond or
aside from the common order of nature.
PRE-TER-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. A state or manner dif-
ferert from the common order of nature.
PRE-TER-PER'FE€T, a. [1,. prceter and perfectiis.] Literal-
ly, more than complete or finished ; an epithet, in grammar,
equivalent to preterit, applied to the tense of verbs which
expresses action or being absolutely past.
PRE-TER-PLU-PER'FE€T, a. [L. prceter, plus, and per-
fectus.] Literally, beyond more than perfect ; an epithet,
in grammar, designating the tense of verbs which ex-
presses action or being psist prior to another past event or
time
PRE-TEX', V. t. [L. prmtexo ] To cloak ; to conceal.
* PRE'-TEXT, n. [L. prcetexUis ; Fr. pretexte.] Pretense ,
false appearance ; ostensible reason or motive "assigned or
assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive.
PRE-TEX'TA, n. The robe that was worn by the youths
of old Rome under seventeen years of age.
PRe'TOR, n. [L.prcetor.] Among the ancient Romans, a.
judge ; an ofiicer answering to the modern chief justice
or chancellor, or to both.
PRE-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a pretor or judge ; judi
cial.
PRE-To'RI-AN, a. Belonging to a pretor or judge ; judicial ,
exercised by the pretor.— Fretorian bands, or guards, in
Roman history, were the emperor's guards.
PRE'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of pretor. Warton.
PRET TI-LY, (prit'te-ly) ado 1. In a pretty manner ; with
neatness and taste ; pleasingly; without magnificence or
splendor. 2. With decency, good manners and decorum
without dignity.
PRET'TI-NESS, (prit'te-nes) n. 1. Diminutive beauty ; a
pleasing form without stateliness or dignity. More. 2.
Neatness and taste displayed on small objects". 3. Decen-
cy of manners ; pleasing propriety without dignity or ele-
vation.
PRET'TY, (prit'ty) a. [Sax. prcste, pratig ; Dan. prydet ;
Sw.prydd; W.prijd.] 1. Having diminutive beauty; of
a pleasing form without the strong lines of beauty, ot
without gracefulness and dignity. 2. Neat and appro-
priate without magnificence or splendor. 3. Handsome ;
neatly arranged or ornamented. 4. Neat; elegant with-
out elevation or grandeur. 5. Sly ; crafty. 6. Small ;
diminutive ; in contempt. 7. Not very small ; moderate-
ly large ; [obs.]
PRET'TY, (prit'ty) adv. In some degree ; tolerably ; mod-
erately. Atterhiiry.
PRE-TYP'I-FlED, pp. Antecedently represented by type
prefigured.
PRE-TYP'I-F-?, v. t. [jpre and trjpify.] To prefigure ; to ex-
hibit previously in a type. Pearson.
PRE-^YP'I-FY-ING, ppr. Prefiguring.
PRE-VaIL', v. I. [Fr. prevaluir i It. prevalere ; I^. prtr-
valeo.] 1. To overcome ; to gain the victory or superiori-
ty ; to gain the advantage. 2. To be in force ; to have
effect, power or influence. 3. To be predominant ; to
extend over with force or effect. 4. To gain or have pre-
dominant influence ; to operate with effect. 5. To per-
suadeor induce ; with on or upon. 6. To succeed.
PRE-VaiL'ING, pj??-. 1. Gaining advantage, superiority or
victory; having effect; persuading; succeeding. 2. a.
Predominant ; having more influence ; prevalent ; superior
in power. 3. Efficacious. 4. Predominant ; most gen-
eral.
PRE-VaIL'MENT, n. Prevalence. [Little used.] Shak.
PREV'A-LENCE, )n. 1. Superior strength, influence or ef-
PREV'A-LEN-CY, \ ficacy ; most efficacious force in pro-
ducing an effect. 2 Predominance ; most general recep-
tion or practice. 3. Most general existence or extension.
4. Success.
PREV'A-LENT, a. 1. Gaining advantage or superiority ;
victorious. 2. Powerful ; efficacious ; successful. 3. Pre-
dominant; most generally received or current 4. Pre-
dominant ; most general ; extensively existing.
PREV'A-LENT-LY, adv. With predominance or supenon
ty ; powerfully.
PRE-VAR'I-€ATE, v. i. [It. prevaricare ; Sp. prevaricar ,
Fr. prevariquer ; 1l. prcevancor .] 1. To shuffle ; to quib-
ble ; to shift or turn from one side to the other, from the
direct course or from truth ; to play foul play. — 2. In the
civil law, to collude ; as where an informer colludes with
the defendant, and makes a sham prosecution. — 3. In
English law, to undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully,
with the purpose of defeating or destroying it.
PRE-VAR'I-€ATE, v. t. To pervert ; to corrupt ; to evade
by a quibble. [L.u.]
PRE-VAR-I-€a'TION, t?. 1. A shuffling or quibbling to
evade the truth or the disclosure of truth ; the practice of
some trick for evading what is just or honorable ; a devia-
tion from the plain path of truth and fair dealing. — 2. In
the civil law, the collusion of an informer With the defend-
ant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution. — 3. In
common lam, a seeming to undertake a thing falsely or de-
ceitfully, for the purpose of defeating or destroying it. 4.
A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office or com-
mission.
PRE-VAR'I-C 4-TOR, n. 1. One that prevaricates ; a shuf-
fler ; a quibbler. 2. A sham dealer ; one who colludes
with a defendant in a sham prosecution. 3. One who
abuses his trust.
t PRE-VeNE', v. t. [L. pravenio.] Literally, to come be-
fore ; hence, to hinder. Philips.
PRE-Ve'NT-ENT, a. [L. prmveniens.] Going before ; pre-
ceding : hence, preventive. Milton.
PRE-VENT', v. t. [It. prevenire ; Sp., Fr. prevenir ; L.
prcevenio.] 1. To go before ; to precede. 2. To precede
as something unexpected or unsought. 3. To go before ,
See Synopn^ J , % 1, 0, U, Y, lov<r.—FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— t Obsolete.
PRI
639
PRI
to precede ; to favor by anticipation or by hindering dis-
tress or evil. 4. To anticipate. 5. To preoccupy; to pre-
engage ; to attempt first. [In all the preceding senses, the
word is obsolete.] 6. To hinder ; to obstruct ; to intercept
the approach or access of This is now the only sense.
t PRE-VENT', V. i. To come before the usual time. Bacon.
PRE-VENT'A-BLE, a. That may be prevented.
PRE-VENT'ED, ^j). Hindered from happening.
PRE-VENT'ER, n. 1. One that goes before ; [obs.] Bacon.
2. One that hinders ; a hinderer ; that which hinders.
PRE-VENT'ING, ppr. 1. Going before ; [obs.] 2. Hinder-
ing ; obviating.
PRE-VENT'ING-LY, adv. In such a manner or way as to
hinder. Dr. Walker.
PRE-VEN'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. Tlie act of going before ; [obs.]
Bacon. 2. Preoccupation ; anticipation ; [I. u.] 3. The
act of hindering ; hinderance ; obstruction of access or ap-
proach. 4. Prejudice ; prepossession ; a French sense,
but not in use in Enirlish.
PRE-VEN'TION-AL, a. Tending to prevent. Diet.
PRE-VENT'iVE, a. Tending to hinder ; hindering the ac-
cess of. Brown.
PRE-VENT'IVE, n. 1. That which prevents ; that which
intercepts the access or approach of. 2, An antidote pr3-
viously taken.
PRE-VENT'IVE-LY, adv. By way of prevention ; in a
naanner that tends to hinder.
PRe'VI-OUS, a. [L. prcevius.] Going before in time ; be-
ing or happening before something else ; antecedent ;
prior.
PRe'VI-OUS-LY, adv. In time preceding ; beforehand ;
antecedently.
PRe'VI-OUS-NESS, n. Antecedence ; priority in time.
PRE-VI"SION, n. [1,. pravisus.] Foresight; foreknowl-
edge ; prescience. Encyc.
PRE-WARNi, V. t. [See Warn.] To warn beforehand ; to
give previous notice of. Beaumont.
PREY, M. [h.prmda; It. preda ; Fr. prole; Arm. preyi, or
preih.] 1. Spoil ; booty ; plunder ; goods taken by force
from an enemy in war. 2. That which is seized or may
be seized by violence to be devoured ; ravine. 3. Ravage ;
depredation.~./37iim«Z or beast of prey is a carnivorous
animal ; one that feeds on the flesh of other animals.
PREY, V. i. 1. To prey on or upon, is to rob ; to plunder ; to
pillage. 2. To feed by violence, or to seize an,d devour.
3. To corrode ; to waste gradually ; to cause to pine
away.
PREY'ER, n. He or that which preys ; a plunderer ; a
waster ; a devourer.
PREY'ING, ppr. Plundering ; corroding ; wasting gradual-
ly.
PRl'A-PISM, 71. [L. priapismus.] A preternatural tension.
PRICE, 71. [Fr. prix ; It. prezzo ; Sp. precio ,■ Arm. pris ; D.
prys ; G.preis; Dan. priis ; 1,. pretium.] 1. The sum or
amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the val-
ue which a seller sets on his goods in market. 2. The sum
or equivalent given for an article sold. 3. The current
value or rate paid for any species of goods. 4. Value; es-
timation ; excellence ; worth. 5. Reward ; recompense. —
The price of redemption is the atonement of Jesus Christ.
1 Cor. vi. — jI price in the hands of a fool, the valuable of-
fers of salvation, which he neglects. Prov. xvii.
PRICE, V. t. 1. To pay for. 2. To set a price on.
PRiCE'LESS, a. 1. Invaluable ; too valuable to admit of a
price. Shak. 2. Without value ; worthless or unsalable.
.7. Barlow.
PRICK, V. t. [Sax. priccian ; D. prikken ; Dan. prikker ;
Sw. pricka.] 1. To pierce with a sharp-pointed instrument
or substance. 2. To erect a pointed thing, or with an
acuminated point ; applied chiefly to the ears. 3. To fix
by the point. 4. To hang on a point. 5. To designate
by a puncture or mark. 6. To spur ; to goad ; to incite.
7. To affect with sharp pain ; to sting with remorse. 8.
To make acid or pungent to the taste. 9. To write a nm-
sical composition with the proper notes on a scale. — 10.
In seamen's language, to run a middle seam through the
cloth of a sail. — To prick a chart, is to trace a ship's course
on a chart. Mar. Diet.
PRICK, v.i. 1. To become acid. 2. To dress one's self for
show. 3. To come upon the spur; to shoot along. 4.
To aim at a point, mark or place.
PRICK, 71. [Sax. pricca ,• Sw. pric/c, or pre/ra.] 1. A slender,
pointed instrument, or substance which is hard enough to
pierce the skin ; a goad ; a spur. 2. Sharp, stinging
pain ; remorse. 3. A spot or mark at which archers aim.
4. A point ; a fixed place. 5. A puncture or place en-
tered by a point. 6. The print of a hare on the ground.
— 7. In seamen's language, a small roll.
PRICKED, pp. Pierced with a sharp point ; spuiTed ; goad-
ed ; stung with pain ; rendered acid or pungent ; marked ;
designated.
PRICK'BR, 71. 1. A sharp-pointed instrument.— 2. In col-
loquial use, a prickle. 3. A light-horseman ; [obs.]
PRICK'ET, 71. A buck in his second year. Manwood.
PRICK'ING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp point ; goading ,
affecting with pungent pain ; making or becoming acid.
PRICK'ING, n. A sensation of sharp pain, or of being
pricked.
PRICKLE, 71. 1. In bqtany, a smar pointed shoot or sharp
process, growing from the bark. 2. A sharp-pointed
process of an animal.
PRICKLE-BACK, n. A small fish, so named from the
prickles on its back ; the stickle-back.
PRICK'LI-NESS, n. The state of having many prickles.
PRICK'LOUSE, n. A low word, in contempt, lor a tailor.
UEstrange.
PRICK'LY, a. Full of sharp points or prickles. Swift.
PRICK'MAD-AM, n. A species of house-leek.
PRICK'PUNCH, 71. A piece of tempered steel with a round
point, to prick a round mark on cold iron. Moxon.
PRICK 'SONG, 71. A song set to music, or a variegated song ,
in distinction from a plain song. Shak.
PRICK' WOOD, 71. A tree of the genus euonymous.
PRIDE, n. [Sax. pryt,pryde.] 1. Inordinate self-esteem ; an
unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents,
beauty, wealth, accomplishments, rank or elevation in
office, which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, re-
serve, and orten in contempt of others. 2. Insolence ,
rude treatment of others ; insolent exultation. 3. Gener-
ous elation of heart ; a noble self-esteem springing from a
consciousness of worth. 4. Elevation ; loftiness. S.Dec-
oration ; ornament ; beauty displayed. 6. Splendid show ;
ostentation. 7. That of which men are proud ; that which
excites boasting. 8. Excitement of the sexual appetite in
a female beast. 9. Proud persons. Pa. xxxvi.
PRIDE, v.t. With the recip'-ocal pronoun, to pride one's
self, to indulge pride ; to take pride ; to value one's self;
to gratify self-esteem.
PRiDE'FIJL, a. Full of pride; insolent; scornful.
PRiDE'LESS, a. Destitute of pride; without pride.
PRiD'ING, ppr. Indulging pride or self-esteem; taking
pride ; valuing one's self.
PRID'ING-LY, ad«. With pride; in pride of heart. Barroio.
PRIE, supposed to be so written for privet. Tusser
PRIE, for pry. Chaucer.
t PRIEF, for TJroo/. Chaucer.
PRi'ER, n. One who inquires narrowly ; one who searches
and scrutinizes.
PRIeST, n. [Sax. preost ; D., G. priester ; Dan. prcest ; Fr.
prStre.] 1. A man who officiates in sacred offices. 2. A
person who is set apart or consecrated to the ministry ol
the gospel ; a man in orders or licensed to preach the gos
pel ; a presbyter. — In &reat Britain, the word is under
stood to denote the subordmate orders of the clergy, above
a deacon and below a bishop. — In the United States, the
wcrrd denotes any licensed minister of the gospel.
PRIeST'CRaFT, n. The stratagems and frauds of priests ;
fraud or imposit'on in religious concerns ; management
of selfish and ambitious priests to gain wealth and power,
or_to impose on the credulity of others, ^ope.
PRIeST'ESS, n. A female among pagans^ who officiated in
sacred things. .Addison.
PRIeST'HOOD, n. 1. The office or character of a priest.
2. The order of men set apart for sacred oifices ; the or-
der composed of priests.
PRIeST'LiKE, a. Resembling a priest, or that which be-
longs to a priest. Shak.
PRIeST'LI-NESS, 71. The appearance and manner of a
priest.
PRIeST'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to a priest or to priests; sacer-
dotal. 2. Becoming a priest.
PRIeST'RID-DEN, a. Managed or governed by priests.
t PRIeST-RID'DEN-NESS, 71. The state of being priest-
ridden.
PRIE VE, for jpro7;e. Spenser.
PRIG, n. [G.frech.] 1. A pert, conceited, saucy, pragmati-
cal fellow. Swift. 2. A thief.
t PRIG, V. i. To haggle about the price of a commodity
Ramsay's Poems.
PRIG, V. t. To filch or steal.
PRIG'GISH, a. Conceited ; coxcom-ical ; ? fleeted, [.a col-
loquial expression.] Brockett.
PRILL, 71. A birt or turbot. Ainsioorth.
PRIM, a. [V>nss.primo,or priamo. See Prime.] Properly,
straight ; erect ; hence, formal ; precise ; afl^ectedly nice.
PRIM, V. t. To deck with great nicety; to form with af-
fected preciseness.
PRi'MA-CY, n. [It. primazia ; Fr. primatie ; Sp. primacia.]
1. The chief ecclesiastical station or dignity ; the office or
djgnity of an archbishop. 2. Excellency ; supremacy.
PRl'MAGE, 77. In commerce, a small duty payable to the
master and mariners of a ship. Encyc.
tPRi'MAL, a. [See Prime.] Firsft S'koJc.
PRi'MA-RI-LY, adv. In the first place ; originally ; in the
first intention.
PRI'MA-RI-NESr!, V. The state of being first in time, in act
or intention. JVorris.
PRi'MA-RY, a. [h. primarius.] 1. First in order of time
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CIl as fHi ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
PRl
640
PRl
original. 2. First in dignity or importance ; cliief ; prin-
cipal. 3. Elemental ; intended to teach youth the first
rudiments. 4. Radical ; original.— Primar?/ planets are
those which revolve about the sun, in distinction from
the secondary planets^ which revolve about the pri-
mary
PRI'MATE, n. [It. primato ; Ft. primal.] The chief eccle-
siastic in the church j an archbishop. Swift.
PRi'MATE-SHIP, n The office or dignity of an arch-
bishop.
PRI-Ma'TIAL, a. Pertaining to a primate. D'>Anville.
PRI-MAT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a primate. Barrow.
PRIME, a. [L. primus.] 1. First in order of time ; original.
3. First in rank, degree or dignity. 3. First in excel-
lence. 4. Early ; blooming. 5. First in value or import-
ance. — Prime number, in arithmetic, a number which is
divisible only by unity ; as 5, 7, 11.
PRIME, 71. 1. The first opening of day ; the dawn ; the
morning. 2. The beginning 5 the early days. Hooker.
3. The spring of the year. 4. The spring of life ; youth ;
hence, full healtn, strength or beauty. 5. The best part.
6. Tjie utmost perfection. — 7. In the Romish church, the
first canonical hour, succeeding to lauds. — 8. In fencing.
the first of the chief guards. — 9. In c/temisir?/, primes are
numbers employed, in conformity with the doctrine of
definite proportions, to express the ratios in which bodies
enter into combination. — Prime vertical, the vertical circle
which passes through the poles of the meridian, or the
east and west points of the horizon.
PRIME, V. t. 1. To put powder in the pan of a musket or
other fire-arm ; or to lay a train of powder for communi-
cating fire to a charge. 2. To lay on the first color in
painting.
PRIME, V. i. To serve for the charge of a gun. Beaumont.
PRiMED, pp. Having powder in the pan ; having the first
color in painting.
PRiME'LY, adv. 1. At first; originally 5 primarily. South.
2. Most excellentlv.
PRIME'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being first. 2. Supreme
excellence ; [I. u.]
+ PRIMER, a. First ; original. Drarjton.
^RIM'ER, 71. 1. A small prayer book. 2. A small elemen-
tary book for teaching children to read.
PRl'MER-FlNE, n. In England, a fine due to the king on
tile writ or commencement of a suit by fine.
PRI-Me'RO,_7i. [Sp.] A game at cards.
PRi'MER-SeI'ZIN, 71. In feudal law, the right of the king,
when a tenant in capite died seized of a knight ^s fee, to
receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's profits of the
land if in possession, and haif a year's profits if the land
was in reversion expectant on an estate for life.
PRi-Mk'VAL, a. [L. primcBvus.] Original ; primitive.
PRI-Me'VOUS, a. Primeval.
PRi-MI-GE'NI-AL, a. [L. primigenius.] First born ; orig-
inal ; primary. Bp. Hall.
PRi-Ml6'E-N0US, a. First formed or generated 5 original.
Kirxcan.
PRiM'ING, p;>r. 1. Putting powder in the pan of a fire-arm.
9^ Laying on the first color.
PRIMMING, 77. 1. The powder in the pan of a gun, or laid
along the channel of a cannon for conveying fire to the
charge. — 2. Among painters, the first color laid on can-
vas or on a building, &c.
PRlM'ING-WiRE, n. A pointed wire, used to penetrate
the vent of a piece, for examining the powder of the charge
or for piercing the cartridge.
PRi-MIP'I-LAR, a. {li.primipilus.] Pertaining to the cap-
tain of the Vanguard. BarroiD.
PRl-Mi"TtAL, a. Being of the first production.
PRIM'I-TlVE, a. [It. primitivo ; Fr. primitif ; !•. primiti-
vus.] 1. Pertaining to the beginning or origin ; original ;
first. 2. Formal ; affectedly solemn ; imitating the sup-
posed gravity of old times. 3. Original ; primary ; radi-
cal ; not derived. — Primitive rocks, in geology, rocks sup-
posed to be first formed, being iiTegularly crystalized, and
aggregated without a cement, and containing no organic
remains ,■ as, granite, gneiss, &c.
PRlM'I-TlVE, n. An original word; a woi-d not derived
from another.
PRIM'I-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. Originally ; at first. 2. Prima-
rily ; not derivatively. 3. According to the original rule
or ancient, practice.
PRIM'I-TiVE-NESS, 77. State 01 oeing original ; antiquity;
conformitv to antiquity. Johnson.
t PRIM'I-TY, 71. The state of being original. Pearson.
PRiM'NESS, 71. [from prim.] Affected formality or nice-
ness , stiffness ; preciseness,
PRi-MO «^E'NI-AL, a. [L. primigenius.] First born, made
or generated ; original ; primary ; constituent ; elemental.
Boyle.
PRI-MO-GEN'I-TOR, 71. [L. primus and genitor.] The first
fatner or forefather. Gaxjton.
PRl-M0-6EN'I-TMlE, n. [L. primus and genitiLs.] 1. The
state of being born first of the same parents ; seniority by
birth among children.— 9. In law, the right which belonga
to the eldest son or daughter.
PRi-M0-6EN'I-TURE-SHIP, 71. The right of eldership.
* PRI-MOR'DI-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. primordialis .] Fust in
order ; original ; existing from the beginning.
* PRI-MOR'DI-AL, 71. Origin ; first principle or element
PRi-MOR'DI-AN, 71. A kind of plum.
PRI-MOR'DI-ATE, a. [See Primordial.] Oriainal ; ex-
isting from the first. Boyle.
PRIMP, V. i. To be formal or affected.
PRIM'ROSE, n. [L. primula veris.] A plant of the genus
primula, of several varieties.
t PRi'MY, a. Blooming. Shak.
PRINCE, (prins) 71. [Fr. ; It., Sp. principe ; L. princeps ;
D.prins.] 1. In a general seyise, a sovereign ; the chief
and independent ruler of a nation or state. 2. A sove-
reign in a certain territory ; one who has the government
of a particular state or territory, but holds of a superior to
whom he owes certain services. 3. The son of a king or
emperor, or the issue of a royal family. 4. The chief of
any body of men. 5. A chief or ruler of either sex.
PRINCE, V. i. To play the prince ; to take state.
FRINCE'DOM, (prins'dum) n. The jurisdiction, sovereign-
ty, rank or estate of a prince.
PRlNCE'LiKE, (prius'like) a. Becoming a prince. Shak.
PRiNCE'LI-NESS, 7!. The state or dignity of a prince.
PRiNCE'LY, a. 1. Resembling a prince ; having the ap-
pearance of one high-born ; stately ; dignified. 2. Having
the rank of princes. 3. Becoming a prince ; royed ; grand ;
august. 4. Very large. 5. Magnificent ; rich.
PRiNCE'LY, adv. In a princelike manner. Johnson.
PRINCES '-FEATH-ER, 71. A plant.
PRIN'CES'-MET-AL, 71. A mixture of copper and zink in
imitation of gold.
PRIN'CESS, 77. 1. A female sovereign, as an empress or
queen. 2. A sovereign lady of rank next to that of a
queen. 3. The daughter of a king. Shak. 4. The con-
sort of a prince.
PRIN'CI-PAL, a. [Fr. ; L. principalis] 1. Chief; highest
in rank, character or respectability. 2. Chief; most im-
portant or considerable. — 3, Inlaw, ^principal challenge
is where the cause assigned carries with it prima facie
evidence of partiality, favor or malice. — 4. In music, fun-
damental.
PRIN'CI-PAL, 77. 1. A chief or head ; one who takes the
lead. 2. The president, governor, or chief in authority.
We apply the word to the chief instructor of an academy
or seminary of learning. — 3. In laic, the actor or absolute
perpetrator of a crime, or an abettor. — 4. In commerce, a
capital sum lent on interest, due as a debt or used as a
fund. 5. One primarily engaged ; a chief party.
PRIN-CI-PAL'I-TY, 71. [ Fr. principalite.] 1. Sovereignty ;
supreme power. Spenser. 2. A prince ; one invested
with sovereignty. Tit. hi. 3. The territory of a prince ;
or the country which gives title to a prince. 4. Superior-
ity ; predominance ; [1. 21.]— 5. In Scripture, royal state
or attire. Jer. xiii.
PRIN'CI-PAL-LY, adv. Chiefly ; above all. Drvden.
PRIN'CI-PAL-NESS, ti. The state of bemg principal 01
chief.
PRIN'CI-PATE, 77. Principality; supreme rule. Barrow.
PRIN-CIP'I-A, 77. plu. [L. principium.] First principles.
t PRIN-CIP-I-A'TION, 77. [L. principium.] Analysis into
constituent or elemental parts. Bacon.
PRIN'CI-PLE, 77. [It. principio ; Fr. principe j L. princip-
ium.] 1. In a o-gTieraZ se7i5e, the cause, source or origin
of any thing ; that from which a thing proceeds. 2. Ele-
ment ; constituent part ; primordial substance. 3. Being
that produces any thing ; operative cause. — 4. In science,
a truth admitted either without proof, or considered as
having been before proved. 5. Ground ; foundation; that
which supports an assertion, an action, or a series of ac-
tions or of reasoning. 6. A general truth ; a law compre-
hending many subordinate truths. 7. Tenet ; that which
is believed. — 8. A principle of human nature is a law of
action in human beings ; a constitutional propensity com-
mon to the human species.
PRIN'CI-PLE, V. t. 1. To establish or fix in tenets ; to im-
press with any tenet, good or ill ; chiefly used in t fce pai-ti-
ciple. 2. To establish firmly in the mind.
PRIN'CI-PLED, pp. Established in opinion or in tenets ;
firmly fixed in the mind.
PRIN'COCK, ) n. [qu. prink.] A coxcomb ; a conceited
PRIN'COX, \ person ; a pert young rogue ; 1 ludicrous
-word. [Little used.]
PRINK, V. i. [D. pronken.] 1. To prank ; to dress for
show. 2. To strut ; to put on stately airs.
PRINK, v.t. To dress or adjust to ostentation.
PRINT, V. t. [W. printiaw ; Fr. imprimer, empreinte ; Sp.
imprimir : It. imprimer e.] 1. In general, to take or form
letters, characters or figures on paper, cloth or other mate-
rial by impression. 2. To mark by pressing one thing on
another. 3. To impress any thing so as to leave its form
4. To form by impression.
* See Synofsi& A, E I, O V, Y, long.— FAU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD
t Obsolete
PRI
641
PRI
t»KINT, V. i. 1. To use or practice the art of typography,
or of taking impressions of letters, figures and the like.
2. To publish a book ; [elliptical.']
PRINT, 71. 1. A mark made by impression 5 any line, char-
acter, figure or indentation of any form, made by the
pressure of one body or thing on another. 2. The im-
pressions of types in general, as to form, size, &c. 3.
That which impresses its form on any thing. 4. The
representation or figure of any thing made by impression.
5. Tlie state of being printed and published. 6. A single
sheet prmted for sale ; a newspaper. 7. Formal method ;
lobs.] — Out of print, a phrase which signifies that, of a
printed and published work, there are no copies for sale.
PRINT'ED, pp. Impressed ; indented.
PRINT'ER, n. 1. One that prints books, pamphlets or
papers. 2. One that stains or prints cloth with figures,
as calico. 3. One that impresses letters or figures with
copper-plates.
PRINT'ING, ppr, Impressmg letters, characters or figures
on any thing ; making marks or indentations.
PRINT'ING, n. The art or practice of impressing letters,
characters or figures on paper, cloth or other material ; the
business of a printer 3 typography.
PRINT'iNG-INK, n. Ink used by printers of books.
PRINT'ING-Pa-PER, n. Paper to be used in the printing
of books, pamphlets, &c. ; as distinguished from -writing-
paper, press-paper, wrapping-paper, c&c.
PRINT'ING-PRESS, w. A press for the printing of hooks,
&;c.
PRINT'LF.SS, a. That leaves no print or impression.
PRi'OR, a. [L.] Preceding in the order of time ; former;
antecedent 5 anterior.
PRi'OR, n. [F'r prieur ; It. prior e ; Ij. prior.] 1. The su-
perior of a convent of monks, or one next in dignity to an
abbot. 2. In some churches, one who presides over others
in the same churches.
PRi'OR-ATE, n. Government by a prior, Warton.
PRi'OR-ESS, 71. A female superior of a convent of nuns.
PRI^OR'I-TY, n. I. The state of being antecedent in time,
or of preceding something else. 2. Precedence in place
or rank.
t PRI'OR-LY, adv. Antecedently. Oeddes.
PRI'OR-SHIP, n. The state or office of prior.
PRi'OR-Y, n. 1. A convent of which a prior is the superior ;
in dignity below an abbey. 2. Priories are the churches
gjven to priors in titulum, or by way of title.
PRi'SAGE, n. [Fr. prise.] A right, belonging to the crown
of England, of taking two tons of wine from every ship
importing twenty tuns or more.
PRIS-CILL'IAN-IST, n. In church history, one of a sect so
denominated from Priscillian, a Spaniard.
PRISM, n. [Ft. prisme ; Low L., Sp., It. p?-ij5ma.] A solid
whose bases or ends are any similar, equal and parallel
plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms. D.
Olmsted.
PRIS-MAT'I€, I a. Resembling a prism 2. Separated
PRIS-MAT'I-GAL, [ or distributed by a prism ; formed by
a prism. 3. Pertaining to a prism.
PRIS-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of a
prism. Boyle.
PRIS-MA-TOID'AL, a. [L. prisma, and Gr. eiSos.] Having
a prismatic form. Ure.
IRIS'MOID, n. [L. prisma, and Gr. eiSos.] A body that
approaches to the form of a prism. Johnson.
PRISM'Y, a. Pertaining to or fike a prism, .dm. Review.
PRIS'ON, (priz'n) n. [Fr. ; Sp. prision ; Arm. pr is oun.] 1.
A public building for the confinement or safe custody of
debtors and criminals 3 a jail. 2. Any place of confinement
or restraint. — 3. In Scripture, a low, obscure, afflicted con-
dition. Eccles. iv. 4. The cave where David was con-
fined. Ps. cxlii. 5. A state of spiritual bondage, /s. xlii.
PRIS'ON, V. t. 1. To shut up in a prison 3 to confine; to
restrain from liberty, 2. To confine in any manner. 3,
To captivate ; to enchain.
PRIS'ON-BASE, n. A kind of rural sport ; commonly
called prison-bars. Sandys.
PRISONED, pp. Imprisoned ; confined ; restrained.
PRIS'ON-ER, n. 1. One who is confined in a prison by
legal arrest or warrant. 2. A person under arrest or in
custody of the sheriff", whether in prison or not. 3. A
captive ; one taken by an enemy in war. 4. One whose
liberty is restrained, as a bird in a cage.
PRISON-HOUSE, 71. A house in which prisoners are con-
fined ; a jail. Judges xvi. Shak
PRIS'ON-ING, ppr. Confining ; imprisoning.
PRIS'ON-MENT, n. Confinement in a prison ; imprison-
ment.
PRIS'TINE, a. [L. pristinus 1 First ; original ; primi-
tive.
PRITH'EE. A coiTuption of pray thee ; as, I prithee ; but it
is generally used without the pronoun, prithee.
PRit'TLE-PRAT'TLE, n. Enipty talk ; trifling loquacity ;
a word used in contempt or ridicule. Bp. Bramhall.
* PRl'VA-CY, n. 1. A state of being in retirement from
the company or observation of others; secrecy. 2. A
place of seclusion from company or observation ; retreat ;
solitude ; retirement. 3. Privity ; [065.] 4. Taciturn it v ;
[obs.] 5. Secrecy; concealment of what is said or done
t PRI-Va'DO, n. [Sp.] A secret friend. Bacon.
PRi'VATE, a. [L. privatus.] 1. Properly, separate ; un-
connected with others ; nence, peculiar to one's self; be-
longing to or concerning an individual only. 2. Peculiar
to a number in a joint concern, to a company or body
politic. 3. Sequestered from company or observation ;
secret ; secluded. 4. Not publicly known ; not open. 5-'
Not invested with public otfice or employment 6. Indi-
vidual ; personal; in contradistinction from public — In
private, secretly ; not openly or publicly. Scripture.
PRi'VATE, 71. 1. A secret message ; particular business ;
[unusiial.] Shak. 2. A common soldier.
PRi-VA-TEER', n. A ship or vessel of war owned and
equipped by a private man or by individuals, at their own
expense, to seize or plunder the ships of an enemy in
war.
PRi-VA-TEER', V. i. To cruise in a commissioned private
ship against an enemy, for seizing their ships or annoying
their commerce.
PRt'VATE-LY, adv. 1. In a secret manner ; not publicly.
2. In a manner affecting an individual or company.
PRI'VATE-NESS, n. 1. Secrecy; privacy. 2. Retire-
ment ; seclusion from company or society. 3. The state
of an individual not invested with office.
PRI-Va'TION, 72. [Fr. ; L,. privatio.] 1, The state of being
deprived ; particularly, deprivation or absence of what is
necessary for comfort. 2. The act of removing something
possessed ; the removal or destruction of any tiling or
quality. 3. Absence, in general. 4. The act of the mind
in separating a thing from something appendant. 5. The
act of degrading from rank or office.
* PRIV'A-TiVE, a. 1. Causing privation. 2. Consisting
in the absence of something ; not positive.
*'PRIV'A-TiVE, n. 1. That of which the essence is the
absence of something. — 2. In grammar, a prefix to a word
which changes its signification and gives it a contrary
sense, as a in Greek, and un and in in English.
* PRIV'A-TlVE-LY, adv. 1. By the absence of something.
2. Negatively.
* PRIV'A-TlVE-NESS, n. Notation of the absence of
something. [Little used.]
PRIVET, n. A plant of the genus ligustrum.
PRIV'I-LEGE, 71. [Fr. ; L. privilegium.] 1. A particular
and peculiar benefit or advantage enjoyed by a person,
company or society, beyond the common advantages of
other citizens. 2. Any peculiar benefit or advantage,
right or immunity, not common to others of the human
race. 3. Advantage ; favor ; benefit. Hamilton. — Writ
of privilege is a writ to deliver a privileged person frorc-
custody when arrested in a civil suit.
FRIVI-LEGE, v. t. 1. To grant some particular right or
exemption to ; to invest with a peculiar right or immu-
nity. 2. To exempt from censure or danger.
PRIV'I-LEGED, pp. Invested with a privilege ; enjoying a
peculiar right or immunity.
PRIVI-LEG-ING, ppr. Investing with a peculiar right or
immunity.
PRIV'I-LY, adv. [from pnvy.] Privately ; secretly.
PRIV'I-TY, 71. [Fr. privaxite.] 1. Privacy ; secrecy ; con-
fidence ; [I. u.] 2. Private knowledge ; joint knowledge
with another of a private concern, which is often sup-
posed to imply consent or concurrence. — 3. Privities, in
tbe plural, secret parts ; the parts which modesty requires
to be concealed.
PRIVY, a. [Fr. prive ; la. privus.] 1. Private ; pertaining
to some person exclusively ; assigned to private uses ; not
public. 2. Secret ; clandestine ; not open or public ; as,
a privy attempt to kill one. 3. Private ; appropriated to
retirement ; not shown ; not open for the admission of
company. 4. Privately knowing ; admitted to the par-
ticipation of knowledge with another of a secret transac-
tion. 5. Admitted to secrets of state.
PRIVY, 71. 1. In laic, a partaker; a person having an in-
terest in any action or thing. 2. A necessary house,
PRIVY-CHaM'BER, 71, In Great Britain, the private
apartment in a royal residence or mansion,
PRIVY-€0UN'SEL-0R, n. A member of the privy coun-
cil.
PRIVY-SeAL, \ n. 1. In England, the seal which the
PRIVY-SIG'NET, i king uses previously in grants, &c.,
which are to pass the great seal, or which he uses in mat-
ters of subordinate consequence, which do not require the
great seal. — 2. Privy-seal is used elliptically for the pdn-
• cipal secretary of state, or person intrusted with the
privy-seal.
PRIZE, n. [Fr. prise ; Sp., Port, presa ,• G. preis ; D. prys ,
Ban. priis; Sw. prisjj 1. That which is taken from an
enemy in war. 2. That which is taken from another ;
that which is deemed a valuable acquisition. 3. That
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BjJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SB ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
41
PRO
642
PRO
vrhicli is obtained or offered as the reward of contest. 4.
The reward gained by any performance.— 5. In colloquial
language, any valuable thing gained. 6. The money
drawn by a lottery ticket ; opposed to blank.
PRIZE, V. t. \Fx.priscr.'\ 1. To set or estimate the value
of J to rate. 2. To value highly ; to estimate to be of
great worth ; to esteem.
PRIZE, V. t. To raise with a lever See Pry.
PRIZED, pp. Rated ; valued ; esteemed.
PRiZE'-FlGHT-ER, n. One that fights publicly for a re-
ward.
PRiZ'ER, n. One that estimates or sets the value of a thing.
PRiZ'ING, ppr. Rating 5 valuing; esteeming.
PRiZ'ING, n. In sea-language, the application of a lever to
move any weighty body, as a cask, an anchor, a cannon,
&c. Falconer's Marine Dictionary.
PRO, a Latin and &reek preposition, signifying for, before,
forth. In composition, it denotes fore, forth, forward. In
the phrase pro and con, that is, pro and contra, it answers
tq_the English /or ; for and against. Prior.
PRO'A, n. Flying proa, a vessel used in the south seas,
with the head and stern exactly alike. Encyc.
PROB-A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. probabilite ; L. probabilitas.]
1. Likelihood ; appearance of truth ; that state of a case
or question of fact which results from superior evidence
or preponderation of argument on one side, inclining the
mind to receive it as the truth, but leaving some room for
doubt. It therefore falls short of moral certainty, but pro-
duces what is called opinion. 2. Any thing that has the
appearance of reality or truth. In this sense, the word
admits of the plural number.
PROB'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; 1.. probabilis.] 1. Likely; having
more evidence than the contrary. 2. That renders some-
thing probable. 3. That may be proved ; [obs.]
PROB'A-BLY, adv. Likely ; in likelihood ; with the ap-
pearance of truth or reality. U Estrange.
PRO'BANG, n. In surgery, an instrument of whalebone
and spunge, for removing obstructions in the throat or
esophagus.
PRO'BATE, n. [L. probatus.'l I. The probate of a will or
testament is the proving of its genuineness and validity.
2. The right or jurisdiction of proving wills. 3. Proof;
[ofo.]
PRO-Ba'TION, n. [L. probatio.] I. The act of proving ;
proof. Locke. 2. Trial ; examination ; any proceeding
designed to ascertain truth. — 3. In a monastic sense, trial,
or the year of novitiate, which a person must pass in a
convent, to prove his virtue and his ability to bear the
severities of the rule. 4. Moral trial ; the state of man in
the present life, in which he has the opportunity of prov-
ing his character and being qualified for a happier state. —
5. In America, the trial of a clergyman's qualifications as
a minister of the gospel, preparatory to his settlement.—
6. In general, trial for proof, or satisfactory evidence, or
the time of trial.
PRO-Ba'TION-AL, a. Serving for trial. Bp. Richardson.
PRO-Ba'TION-A-RY, a. Serving for trial . Dwight.
PRO-Ba'TION-ER, 71. 1. One who is on trial, or in a state
to give proof of certain qualifications for a place or state.
2. A novice. — 3. In Scotland, a student in divinity, who
seeks for license to preach.
PRO-Ba'TION-ER-SHIP, n. The state of being a proba-
tioner ; novitiate. {Little used.'] Locke.
PRO-Ba'TION-SHIP, n. A state of probation ; novitiate ;
probation. {Little used.]
PRo'BA-TiVE, a. Serving for trial or proof. South.
PRO-Ba'TOR, n. [L.] I. An examiner; an approver.
Maydman. — 2. In law, an accuser. Cowel.
* PRO'BA-TO-RY, a. 1. Serving for trial. Bramhall. 2.
Serving for proof. Bp. Taylor. 3. Relating to proof.
PRO-Ba'TUM EST, [L.; it is proved.] An expression sub-
joined to a receipt for the cure of a disease, denoting that
it has been tried or proved.
PROBE, n. [L. probo ; Fr. eprouvette.] A surgeon's instru-
ment for examining a wound, ulcer or cavity.
PROBE, v.t. 1. To examine a wound, ulcer or some cav-
ity of the body, by the use of an instrument thrust into
the part. 2. To search to the bottom ; to scrutinize ; to
examine thoroughly into causes and circumstances.
PRoBE'-SCISS-ORS, n. Scissors used to open wounds,
the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a
button at the end.
PROB'I-TY, n. [L. probitas ; It. probitd ; Fr. proUte.] Fn-
marily, tried virtue or integrity, or approved actions ; but,
in general, strict honesty ; sincerity ; veracity ; integrity
in principle, or strict conformity of actions to the laws of
Justice.
PROB'LEM, n. [Fr. probleme ; L.. It., Sp. problema.] 1. A
question proposed. — 2. In logic, a proposition that appears
neither absolutely true nor false, and consequently may
be asserted either in the affirmative or negative. — 3. In
geometry, a proposition in which some operation or con-
struction is required. — 4. In general, any question involv-
ing doubt or unceitainty;
PROB-LEM-ATT-€AL, a. Questionable ; uncertain ; un-
settled ; disputable ; doubtful. Swift.
PROB-LEM-AT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Doubtfully; dubiously,
uncertainly.
t PROB'LEM-A-TIST, n. One who proposes problems
Evelyn.
t PROB'LEM-A-TiZE, v. t. To propose problems.
PRO-BOS'CIS, n. [L.] The snout or trunk ot an elephant
and of other animals, particularly of insects.
PRO-Ca'CIOUS, a. {'L.procax.] Pert; petulant; saucy.
[Little used.] Barroio.
PRO-€AC'I-TY, m. {Ij,. procacitas.] Impudence ; petulance
{Little used.] Burton.
PRO-€A-TAR€'TI€, a. [Gr. ::^oKaTagKriKog.] In medicine,
pre-existing or predisposing ; remote.
PRO-€A-TaRX'IS, n. [Gr.] The predisposing cause of a
disease. Quincy.
PRO-CeD'URE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of proceeding or
moving forward ; progress ; process ; operation ; series of
actions. 2. Manner of proceeding ; management ; con-
duct. 3. That which proceeds from something ; pro-
duce ; {obs.]
PRO-CEED', ; V. i. [Fr., Sp., Port, proceder ; It. procedere ;
PRO-CeDE', \ L. jirocedo.] I. To move, pass or go for-
ward from one place to another. 2. To pass from one
point, stage or topic to another, 3. To issue or come as
from a source or fountain. 4. To come from a person or
place. 5. To prosecute any design. 6. To be transacted
or carried on; {obs.] 7. To make progress ; to advance.
8. To begin and carry on a series of actions or measures.
9. To transact ; to act ; to carry on methodically. 10. I'o
have a coui-se. II. To issue ; to be produced or propa-
gated. 12. To be produced by an effectual cause.
PRO-CEED'ER, n. One who goes forward, or who makes
a progress. Bacon.
PRO-CEED'ING, ppr. Moving forward ; passing on ; issu-
ing ; transacting; carrying on.
PRO-CEED'ING, n. 1. Process or movement from one
thing to another ; a measure or step taken in busmess ;
transaction ; in the plural, a course of measures or con-
duct ; course of dealing with others. — 2. In law, the
course of steps or measures in the prosecution of an action
is denominated proceedings.
* PRO-CEEDS', n. plu. 1. Issue ; rent ; produce.— 2. In
commerce, the sum, amount or value of goods sold or con-
verted into money.
PROC-E-LEUS-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. Trf)oK£>£Dtr//aT£ffoj.] Inci
ting; animating; encouraging. Johnson.
t PRO-CEL'LOUS, a. [L. procellosus.] Tempestuous. Diet.
t PRO-CEP'TION, 71. Preoccupation. K. Charles.
t PRO-CeRE', a. [L. procerus.] Tall. Evelyn.
PRO-CER'I-TY, 71. [L. proceritas.] Tallness ; height of
stature. [Little used.] Addison.
PROCESS, 71. [Fr. proces ; L. processus.] 1. A proceeding
or moving forward ; progressive course ; tendency. 2.
Proceedings ; gradual progress ; course. 3. Operations ;
experiment ; series of actions or experiments. 4. Series
of motions or changes in growth, decay, &;c. in physical
bodies. 5. Course ; continual flux or passage. 6. Me-
thodical management ; series of measures or proceedings.
— 7. In law, the whole course of proceedings, in a cause,
real or personal, civil or criminal, from the original writ
to the end of the suit. — 8. In anatomy, any protuberance,
eminence or projecting part of a bone.
PRO-CES'SION, 71. [Fr. ; 1.. processio.] 1. The act of pro-
ceeding or issuing. Pearson. 2. A train of persons walk-
ing, or riding on horseback or in vehicles, in a formal
inarch, or moving with ceremonious solemnity.
t PRO-CES'SION, V. i. To go in procession.
PRO-CES'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a procession ; con-
sisting in a procession. Saurin, Trans.
PRO-CES'SION-AL, n. A book relating to processions of
the Romish church. Gregory,
PRO-CES'SION-A-RY, a. Consisting in procession.
PRO'CHEIN, (pro'shen) a. [Fr. prochain; L. proximus.']
Next ; nearest ; used in the law phrase prochein amy, the
next friend, any person who undertakes to assist an in-
fant or minor in prosecuting his rights.
PRo'€HRO-NISM, n. [Gr. npoxpoveu).] An antedating,
the dating of an event before the time it happened ;
hence, an error in chronology.
PRO'CI-DENCE, n. [L. procidentia.] A falling down ; a
prolapsus ; as of the intestinum rectum. Coxe.
PRO-CID'U-OUS, a. That falls from its place. Jones.
PRO-CIN€T', 71. [L. procinctus.] Complete preparation for
action. [Little used.] Milton.
PRO-€LaIM', v. t. {h.proclamo.] 1. To promulgate ; to an-
nounce ; to publish. 2. To denounce ; to give oflicial no-
tice of. 3. To declare with honor. 4. To utter openly j
to make public. 5. To outlaw by public denuncia-
tion
PRO-€LaIM'ED, (pro-klamd') pp. Published officially ; pro-
mulgated ; made publicly known.
* Se« Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj. •?, Zoref .— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
PRO
643
FRO
PRO~€LaIM'ER, 71. One who publishes by authority ; one
that announces or makes publicly known. Milton.
PRO-€LaIM'ING, jo;)r. Publishing officially; denouncing 5
promulgating ; making publicly known.
PROe-LA-MA'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. proclamatio.] 1. Publica-
tion by authority ; official notice given to the public. — 2 In
England, a declaration of the king's will, openly publish-
ed. 3. The declaration of any supreme magistrate pub-
licly made known. 4. The paper containing an official
notice to a people. J^Tew England.
t PRO-eLlVE', a. Proclivous.
PRO-€LIV'I-TY, 71. ['L.proclivitas.'] 1. Inclination; pro-
pensity ; proneness ; tendency. 2. Readiness ; facility
of learning.
PRO-€Ll'VOUS, a. [L. proclivus, proclivis.] Inclined ;
tending by nature. Diet.
PRO-eON'SUL, 71. [L. pro and consul.] A Roman magis-
trate sent to govern a province with consular authority.
PRO-€ON'SU-LAR, a. 1. Pertaining to a procoiisul. 2. Un-
der the government of a prciconsul.
PRO-€ON'SUL-SHIP, n. The office of a proconsul, or the
term of his office.
PRO-€RAS'TI-NATE, v. t. [L. procrastinor.] To put off
from day to day ; to delay ; to defer to a future time.
PRO-€RAS'TI-NATE, ?;. i. To delay ; to be dilatory.
PRO-CRAS'TI-NA-TED, pp. Delayed ; deferred.
PRO-€RAS'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Delaying ; putting off to a
future time.
PRO-€RAS-TI-Na'TION, 71. [L. procrastinatio.] A putting
off to a future time ; delay ; dilatoriness.
PR0-€RAS'TI-NA-T0R, n. One that defers the performance
of any thing to a future time.
PRo'CRE-ANT, a. [L. procreans.] Generating ; producing ;
productive ; fruitful. Shak.
t PRo'CRE-ANT, n. That which generates. Milton.
PRO'€RE-ATE, v. t. [L. procreo.} 1. To beget; to gen-
erate and produce ; to engender. 2. To produce.
PRo'€RE-A-TED, ^^. Begotten ; generated.
PRO'€RE-A-TING, ppr. Begetting ; generating ; as young.
PRO-€RE-A'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. procreatio.'] The act of be-
getting ; generation and production of young.
PRo'€RE-A-TiVE, a. Generative ; having the power to
beget. Hale.
PRo'CRE-A-TiVE-NESS, n. The power of generating.
PRo'€RE-A-TOR, n. One that begets ; a generator ; a fa-
ther or sire.
PRO€'TOR,' n. [contracted from L. procurator.'] 1. One
who is employed to manage the affairs of another. 2. A
person employed to manage another's cause in a court.
3. The magistrate of a university. Walter.
PROe'TOR, V. i. To manage ; a cant word. Shak.
PRO€'TOR-AGE, n. Management ; in contempt. Milton.
PROG-TOR'I-€AL, a. Belonging to the academical proctor;
magisterial. Prideanx.
PROe'TOR-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of the proctor of
a university. Clarendon.
PRO-€UM'BENT, a. [L. procumlens.] 1. Lying down or
on the face; prone. — '3,. In botany, trailing; prostrate;
unable to support itself.
PRO-€uR'A-BLE, a. That may be procured ; obtainable.
''tPE.O'eU-RA-CY, 71. The management of any thing.
PRO€-U-RA'TtON, 71. [L. procuratio.] L The act of pro-
curing. 2. The management of another's affairs. 3. The
instrument by which a person is empowered to transact
the affairs of another. 4. A sum of money paid to the
bishop or archdeacon by incumbents, on account of visita-
tions. Todd.
PROe'U-RA-TOR, n. The manager of another's affairs.
8hak.
PROe-U-RA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a procurator or
proctor ; made by a proctor. Aijliffe.
PROC-U-Ra'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a procurator.
PRO-eu'RA-TO-RY, a. Tending to procuration.
PRO-€uRE', V. t. '^Yr. procurer ; It. procurare ; L. procuro.]
1. To get ; to gain ; to obtain ; as by request, loan, effort,
labor or purchase. 2. To persuade ; to prevail on ; [unu-
sual.] 3. To cause ; to bring about ; to effect ; to contrive
and effect. 4. To cause to come on ; to bring on. 5. To
draw to ; to attract ; to gain.
PRO-€tfRE', V. i. To pimp. Dryden.
PRO-€uR'ED, (pro-kurd') pp. Obtained ; caused to be done ;
effected ; brought on.
PRO-€uRE'MENT, n. 1. The act of procuring or obtain-
ing; obtainment. 2. A causing to be effected. Dryden.
PRO-etJR'ER, 71. 1. One that procures or obtains ; that
which brings on or causes to be done. 2. A pimp ; a
ander. South.
PltO-€uR'ESS, n. A bawd. Spectator.
PRO-€uR'ING, ppr. 1. Getting; gaining; obtaining. 2.
Causing to come or to be done. 3. a. That causes to
come ; bringing on.
PROD, n. A goad ; an awl ; an iron pin fixed in pattens.
Grose.
PROD'I-GAL, a. [Fr. prodigue ; Sp., It. prodigo ; li.prodi-
gus.] I. Given to extravagant expenditures ; expending
money or other things without necessity ; profuse ; lavish ;
wasteful ; not frugal or economical. 2. Profuse ; lavish ;
expended to excess or without necessity. 3. Very liberal;
profuse.
PROD'I-GAL, n. One that expends money extravagantly 01
without necessity ; one that is profuse or lavish ; a waster ;
a spendthrift. Dryden.
PROD-1-GAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. prodigalite ; It. prodigalitd.]
I. Extravagance in the"'expenditure of what one possess-
es, particularly of money ; profusion ; waste ; excessive
liberality. 2._Profuse liberality.
fPROD'I GAL-iZE, v.i. To be extravagant in expend!
tures. Sherwood.
PROD'I-GAL-LY, adv. 1. With profusion of expenses ; ex
travagantly ; lavishly ; wastefuUy. 2. With liberal abun
dance ; profusely.
t PR0D'I-6ENCE, n. Waste ; profusion ; prodigality. Hall
PRO-Dl6'IOUS, (pro-did'jus) a. [^^.,\X.prodigioso; Yx.pro-
digieux ; L. prodigiosus.] 1 Very great ; huge ; enormous
in size, quantity, extent, &c. 2. Wonderful ; astonishing ,
such as may seem a prodigy ; monstrous ; portentous.
PRO-DIG'IOUS-LY, adv. I. Enormously ; wonderfully ; as
tonishingly. Ray. 2. Very much ; extremely.
PRO-Dl6'IOUS-NESS, n. Enormousness of size ; the stat
of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment.
PROD'I-GY, 71. [Ju. prodigium.] 1. Any thing out of the
ordinary process of nature, and so extraordinary as to ex-
cite wonder or astonishment. 2. Something extraordina-
ry, from which omens are drawn ; portent. 3. A monster ;
an animal or other production out of the ordinary course
of nature.
PRO-Di"TION, n. [L. proditio.] Treachery ; treason,
t PROD'I-TOR, 71. [L.] A traitor. Shak.
t PROD-I-To'RI-OUS, a. 1. Treacherous ; perfidious; trai-
torous. 2. Apt to make discoveries or disclosures. Wotton
PROp'I-TO-RY, a. Treacherous ; perfidious. Milton.
t PRo'DROME, 71. [Gr. Tr^ohpoyLOs.] A forerunner.
t PROD^RO-MOUS, a. Preceding; forerunning. Allen.
PRO-DuCE', V. t. [L. produce.] 1. To bring forward ; to
bring or offer to view or notice. 2. To exhibit to the pub-
lic. 3. To bring forth ; to bear ; as plants or the soil. 4.
To bear ; to generate and bring forth ; as young. 5. To
cause ; to effect ; to bring into existence. 6. To raise ; tc
bring into being. 7. To make ; to bring into being 01
form. 8. To yield or furnish. — 9. In general, to bring in
to existence or into view. 10. To draw out in length ; tp
extend. Geometry.
PROD'UCE, 71. That which is produced, brought forth 01 "
yielded ; product.
PRO-Du'CED, (pro-dusf) pp. Brought into life, being 01
view ; yielded,
t PRO-DuCE'MENT, n. Production. Milt07i.
PRO-DtF'CENT, n. One that exhibits or offers to view or
notice. [Little used.] Aijliffe.
PRO-Du'CER, 71. One that generates ; one that produces.
t PRO-DU-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. The power of producing.
PRO-DU'CI-BLE, a. [It. producibile, produttibile.] I. That
may be brought into being; that may be generated or
made. 2. That may be brought into view or notice ; that
may be exhibited.
PRO-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being
producible. Boijle.
PRO-Du'CING, ppr. Generating ; bringing into existence or
notice.
PROD'U€T, n. [L. productus ,• Fr. produit.] 1. That which
is produced by nature, as fruits, grain, metals. 2. That
which is formed or produced by labor or by niental appli-
cation. 3. Effect ; result ; something consequential. — 4.
In arithmetic, the amount of two or more numbers multi-
plied. — 5. In geometry, the factum of two or more lines.
PRO-DU€'TiLE, a. That may be extended in length.
PRO-DU€'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. produUio.] 1. The act or pro-
cess of producing, bringing forth or exhibiting to view.
2. That which is produced or made.
PRO-DU€'TIVE, a. [It. produttivo ; Sp. productive.] 1.
Having the power of producing. 2. Fertile ; producing
good crops. 3. Producing ; bringing into being ; causing
to exist ; efficient ; as, an age productive of great men ; a
spirit productive of heroic achievements.
PRO-DU€'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being productive.
PRo'EM, 71. [Fr. proeme ; It., Sp. proemio.] Preface ; intro-
duction ; preliminary observations to a book or writing.
t PRo'EM, V. t. To preface. Sotith.
PRO-E'MI-AL, a. Introductory ; prefatory ; preliminary.
PRO-EMP-TG'SIS n. [Gr.] In chronology, the lunar equa-
tion or additicr: of a day, necessary to prevent the new
moon from happening a day too soon. Cyc.
PRO'FACE, interj. [Old Fr. prouf ace.] An old exclamation
of welcome, frequent in the writers of Shakspeare's time.
PROF-A-Na'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. profanazione : Sp. profana-
cion.] 1. The act of violating sacred things, or of treating
them with contempt or irreverence. 2. The act of treat-
ing with abuse or disrespect.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, .BOOK, D6VE ,— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
PRO
644
PRO
PRO-FANE', a. [L.iirofanus ; It., Sp.profano ; FLju'ofane.]
1. Irreverent to any thing sacred ; applied to persons. 2.
Irreverent ; proceeding from a contempt of sacred things,
or implying it. 3. Not sacred ; secular ; relating to secu-
lar things j as, profane history. 4. Polluted ; not pure
5. Not purified or holy ; allowed for common use. 6.
Obscene ; heathenish ; tending to bring reproach on reli-
gion. — Profane is used chiefly in Scripture in opposition
to holy, or qualified ceremonially for sacred services.
PRO-FaNE', v. t. 1. To violate any thing sacred, or treat it
with abuse, irreverence, obloquy or contempt. 2. To pol-
lute ; to defile ; to apply to temporal uses ; to use as base
or common. Ezek. xxiv. 3. To violate. Mai. ii. 4. To
pollute ; to debase. Lev. xxi. 5. To put to a wrong use.
Shak.
PRO-FaN'ED, (pro-fund') pp. Violated ; treated with irrev-
erence or abuse ; applied to common uses ; polluted.
PRO-FaNE'LY, adv. 1. With in-everence to sacred things
or names. Dwight. 2. With abuse or contempt for any
thing venerable.
PRO-FaNE'NESS, n. Irreverence of sacred things 5 partic-
ularly, the use of language which implies irreverence to-
wards God ; the taking of God's name in vain. Dryden.
PRO-FaN ER, n. 1. One who, by words or actions, treats
sacred thiiigs with irreverence ; one who uses profane
language. 2. A polluter ; a defiler.
PRO-FaN'ING, ppr. Violating 5 treating with irreverence ;
polluting.
PRO-FAN'I-TY, n. Profaneness, which see. Buckminster.
t PRO-FEC'TION, 71. [L. profectio.] A going forward ; ad-
vance ; progression. Brown.
PRo'FERT, n. [L., 3d person ofprofero.] In law, the exhi-
bition of a record or paper in open court.
PRO-FESS', V. t. [It. professare ; Sp. profesar ; Fr. profes-
ser ; h. professus.] 1. To make open declaration of; to
avow or acknowledge. 2. To declare in strong terms.
3. To make a show of any sentiments by loud declara-
tion. 4. To declare publicly one's skill in any art or sci-
ence, for inviting employment.
f PRO-FESS', V. i. To declare friendship. Shak.
PRO-FESS'ED, or PRO-FEST', pp. Openly declared, avow-
ed or acknowledged.
PRO-FESS'ED -LY, adv. By profession; by open declara-
tion or avowal. K. Charles.
PRO-FESS'ING, ppr. Openly declaring ; avowing ; ac-
knowledging.
PRO-FES'SION, n. [Fr. ; 1,. professio.] 1. Open declara-
tion ; public avowal or acknowledgment of one's senti-
ments or belief. 2. The business which one professes to
understand and to follow for subsistence ; calling ; voca-
tion ; employment. 3. The collective body of persons en-
gaged in a calling. — 4. Among the Romanists, the enter-
ing into a religious order.
PRO-FES'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a profession or to a
calling.
PRO-FES'SION-AL-LY, adv. 1. By profession. 2. By call-
ing.
PRO-FESS'OR, n. [L.] 1. One who makes open declara-
tion of his sentiments or opinions ; one who makes a pub-
lic avowal of his belief in the Scriptures and his faith in
Christ. 2. One that publicly teaches any science or
branch of learning ; particularly, an officer in a universi-
ty, college or other seminary, whose business is to read
lectures or instruct students in a particular branch of
learning.
PRO-FES-So'RI-AL, a. [L. professorius.] Pertaining to a
professor. Enfield.
PRO-FESS'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a professor or public
teacher of the sciences. Walton.
PRO-FESS'0-RY, a. Pertaining to a professor.
PROF'FER V. t. [L. profero ; Fr. proferer.] L To offer
for acceptance. 2. To essay or attempt of one's own ac-
cord.
PR0I''FER, n. 1. An offer made ; something proposed for
acceptance by another. 2. Essay ; attempt. Bacon.
PROF'FERED, pp. Offered for acceptance.
PROF'FER-ER, n. One who offers any thing for accept-
ance
PROF'FER-ING, ppr. Offering for acceptance.
PRO-Fi"CIENCE, » n. [from L. jn-oficiens.] Advance in
PRO-Fl"CIEN-CY, ] the acquisition of any art, science or
knowledge ; improvement ; progression in knowledge.
PRO-Fl"CIENT, n. One who has made considerable ad-
vances in any business, art, science or branch of learning.
PR0-PI€'U-01JS, a. [L. proficuus.] Profitable ; advanta-
geous ; nseful. {Little used.] Harvey.
*PRO'FlLE, n. [Fr. vrofil;\i. profilo ; Sp., Port, perfil.]
1. Primarily, an outline or contour ; hence, in sculpttire
and painting, a head or portrait represented sidewise
or in a side view ; the side face or half face.— 2. Tn ar-
chitecture, the contour or outline of a figure, building
or member ; also, the draught of a building, representing
it as if cut down perpendicularly from the roof to the
foundation.
* PRo'FlLE, V. t. [Fr. profiler ; It. projilare.] To draw
outline of a head sidewise ; to draw in profile
* PRo'FiLED, pp. Drawn so as to present a side view.
* PRO'FIL-ING, ppr. Drawing a portrait so as to represent
a side view ; drawing an outline. Encyc.
PROF'IT, n. [Fr. profit ; It. profitto.l 1- In commerce, the
advance in the price of goods sold beyond the cost of pur-
chase. 2. Any gain or pecuniary advantage. 3. Any ad-
vantage ; any accession of good from labor or exertion.
PROF'IT, V. t. [It. profittare ; Fr. profiter.] 1. To benefit 3
to advantage. 2. To improve ; to advance.
PROF'IT, V. i. 1. To gain advantage in pecuniary interest.
2. To make improvement ; to improve ; to grow wiser or
better ; to advance in any thing useful. 3. To be of use
or advantage ; to bring good to.
PROF'IT-A-BLE. a. [Fr.] 1. Yielding or bringing profit
or gain ; gainful ; lucrative. 2. Useful ; advantageous.
PROF'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Gainfulness. 2. Usefulness ;
advantageousness. More.
PROF'IT- A-BLY, a^u. 1. With gain; gainfully. 2. Use-
fully ; advantageously ; with improvement.
PROF'IT-ED, pp. Benefited ; advanced in interest or hap-
piness ; improved.
PROF'IT-ING, ppr. Gaining interest or advantage ; improv-
ing.
PROF'IT-ING, n. Gain ; advantage ; improvement.
PROF'IT-LESS, a. Void of profit, gain or advantage.
PROF'LI-GA-CY, n. A profligate or very vicious course of
life ; a state of being abandoned in moral principle and in
vice. Barrinffton.
PROF'LI-GATl:, a. [L. profliffatus.] Abandoned to vice ;
lost to principle, virtue or decency ; extremely vicious ,
shameless in wickedness
PROF'LI-GATE, n. An abandoned man; a wretch who
has lost all regard to good principles, virtue or decency.
t PROF'LI-GATE, v. t. 1. To drive away. 2. To overcome.
PROF'LI-GATE-LY, adv. 1. Without principle or shame
2. In a course of extreme viciousness.
PROF'LI-GATE-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being
lost to virtue and decency. 2. An abandoned course of
life ; extreme viciousness ; profligacy.
t PROF-LI-Ga'TION, n. Defeat ; rout. Bacon.
t PROF'LU-ENCE, n. [L. profluens.] A progress or course
PROF'LU-ENT, a. Flowing forward. Milton.
PRO-FOUND', a. [Fr. profond ; If. profondo ; Sp. profundo ;
L. profundus.] I. Deep ; descending or being far below
the surface, or far below the adjacent places. 2. Intellec-
tually deep ; that enters deeply into subjects ; not supei-fi-
cial or obvious to the mind. 3. Humble ; very lowly ;
submissive. 4. Penetrating deeply into science or any
branch of learning. 5. Deep in skill or contrivance. 6.
Having hidden qualities.
PRO-FOUNDJ, n. 1. The deep ; the sea ; the ocean. Dryden
2. The abyss. Milton.
t PRO-FOUND , v.i. To dive ; to penetrate. Glanville.
PRO-FOUND'LY, adv. 1. Deeply ; with deep concern. 2
With deep penetration into science or learning ; with
deep knowledge or insight.
PRO-FOUNDiNESS, n. 1. Depth of place. 2. Depth of
knowledge or of science. Hooker.
PRO-FUND'I-TY, n. [It. profonditd.] Depth of place, of
knowledge or of science. Milton.
PRO-FuSE', a. [L. profiisus.] 1. Lavish ; liberal to ex-
cess ; prodigal ; as, a profiisc government. 2. Extrava-
gant ; lavish. 3. Overabounding ; exuberant.
PRO-FtJSE', v.t. ]. To pour out; [little used.] 2. To squan-
der; [little used.]
PRO-FuSE'LY, adv. 1. Lavishly; prodigally. 2. With
exuberance ; with rich abundance.
PRO-FuSE'NESS, n. 1. Lavishness; prodigality; extra v-
agantexpenditures. 2. Great abundance ; profusion.
PRO-Fu'SION, n. [L. profusio.] 1. Lavishness ; prodigal-
ity ; extravagance of expenditures. 2. Lavish effusion
3. Rich abundance ; exuberant plenty.
PROG, V. i. [D. prachgen ; Sw. pracka.] To shift meanly
for provisions ; to wander about and seek provisions
where they are to be found ; to live by beggarly tricks
[j3 low word.] Burke.
PROG, n. 1. Victuals or provisions sought by begging, or
found by wandering about. 2. Victuals of any kind. [Ji
low word.] Swift.
PROG, n. One that seeks his victuals by wandering and
begging.
t PRO-GEN' ER-ATE, v. t. [L. progenero.] To beget.
t PRO-GEN-ER-A'TION, n. The act of begetting ; propa
gation.
PR0-6EN'I-T0R, n. [Tu., from progigno.] An ancestor in
the direct line ; a forefather.
PRO-GEN'I-TURE, n. A begetting or birth. [Little used ]
PROG'E-NY, 71. [It. progenie ; L. progenies.] Offspring :
race ; children ; descendants of the human kind, or oft-
spring of other animals.
PROG-No'SlS, 71. [Gr. npoyvwcns.] In medicine, the art of
foretelling the event of a disease. Coxe.
* See Si'nojtais. A fi I, O, C, 1?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
PRO
645
PRO
PROG-NOS'TI€, a. Foreshowiirg ; indicating something
future by signs or symptoms.
PROG-NOS'Tie, 71. 1. In medicine, the judgment formed
concerning the event of a disease by means of the symp-
toms, a. Something which foreshows 5 a sign by whicii
a future event may be known or foretold. — In medicine, a
sign or symptom indicating the event of a disease. 3. A
foretelling; prediction,
t PROG-NOS'Tie, V. t. To foretell. Hachett.
PROG-NOS'TI-€A-BLE, a. That may be foreknown or
foretold. Brown.
PR0G-N0S'TI-€ATE, v. t. [It. proffnosticare.] 1. To
foreshow ; to indicate a future event by present signs 2.
to foretell by means of present signs ; to predict.
PROG-NOS'TI-eA-TED, pp. Foreshown ; foretold.
PR0G-N03'TI-€A-TING, ppr. Foreshowing ; foretelling.
PR0G-N0S-TI-€a'TION, 71. 1. The act of foreshowing a
future event by present signs. 2. The act of foretelling
an event by present signs. 3. A foretoken ; previous
sign.
PROG-NOS'TI-€A-TOR, n. A foreknower or foreteller of a
• future event by present signs.
PRO'GRAMM, 71. [Gr.] 1. Anci&nthj, a letter sealed
with the king's seal. — ^2. In a university, a billet or ad-
vertisement to invite persons to an oration. 3. A pro-
clamation or edict posted in a public place. 4. That
which is written before something else ; a preface.
PROG'RESS, 71. [Fx. progres i Sp. progreso ; li. progres-
sus.] 1. A moving or going forward ; a proceeding on-
ward 2. A moving forward in growth; increase. 3.
Advance m business of any kind. 4. Advance in knowl-
edge ; intellectual or moral improvement ; proficiency.
5. Removal ; passage from place to place. 6. A journey
of state; a circuit. Addison.
PRO-GRESS', V. i. I. To move forward in space ; to pass ;
to proceed ; as, " that silverly doth progress on thy
cheeks;" Shak. Ford. [These authors accent the first
syllable, but the accent is now on the second.'] 2. To pro-
ceed; to continue onward in course. Marshall. 3. To
advance ; to make improvement. Du Ponceau. Bayard.
PRO-GRES'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. progressin.] 1. The act of
moving forward ; a proceeding in a course ; motion on-
wards. 2. Intellectual advance. 3. Course ; passage. —
4. In mathematics, regular or proportional advance in in-
crease or decrease of numbers ; continued proportion,
arithmetical or geometrical.
PRO-GRES'SION-AL, a. That advances ; that is in a state
of advance. Brown.
PRO-GRESS'IVE, a. 1. Moving forward ; proceeding on-
ward ; advancing. Bacon. 2. Improving.
PRO-GRESS'IVE-LY, adv. By motion onward ; by regular
advances. Hooker.
PRO-GRESS'IVE-NESS, n. The state of moving forward ;
an advancing ; state of improvement.
PRO-HIB'IT v.t. [\j. prohibeo ; Fr. prohiber.] 1. To for-
bid ; to interdict by authority. 2. To hinder ; to debar ;
to prevent ; to preclude.
PRO-HIB'IT-ED, pp. Forbid ; interdicted ; hindered.
PRO-HIB'IT-ER, n. One who prohibits or forbids ; a for-
bidder ; an interdicter.
PRO-HIB'IT-ING, pjjr. Forbidding; interdicting; debar-
ring.
PRO-HI-BI"TION, n. [Fr. ; L. prohibitio.] 1. The act of
forbidding or interdicting ; a declaration to hinder some
action ; interdict. — 2. In law, a writ of prohibition is a
writ issuing from a superior tribunal, directed to the
judges of an inferior coui-t, commanding them to cease
from the prosecution of a, suit. Blackstone.
PRO-HIB'I-TlVE, I a. Forbidding ; implying prohibition.
i'RO-HIB'I-TO-RY, ] Barrow. Ayliffe.
t PROIN, 7;. t. [Fr. provigner.] To lop ; to trim ; to prune,
[See Prune.] B. Jonson.
t PROIN, w.i. To be employed in pruning. Bacon.
PRO-JEOT', V. t. [L. projicio ; Fr. projeter.] 1. To throw
out ; to cast or shoot forward. 2. To cast forward in the
mind ; to scheme ; to contrive ; to devise something to be
done. 3. To draw or exhibit, as the form of any thing ;
to delineate.
PRO-JE€T', V. i. To shoot forward ; to extend beyond
something else ; to jut ; to be prominent.
PROJ'ECT, 71. [Fr. projet.] 1. A scheme; a design;
something intended or devised ; contrivance. 2. An idle
scheme ; a design not practicable.
PRO-JE€T'ED, pp. Cast out or forward ; schemed ; devis-
ed ; delineated.
PRO-JECT'lLE, a. 1. Impelling forward. 2. Given by
impulse ; impelled forward. Arbuthnotl
PRO-JECT'iLE, 71. 1. A body projected, or impelled for-
ward by force, particularly through the air. 2. Project-
iles, in mechanical philosophy, is that part which treats of
the motion of bodies thrown or driven by an impelling
force.
l'RO-JE€T'ING, ppr. Throwing out or forward ; shooting
■':>ut ; jutting ; scheming ; contriving.
PRO-JEC'TION, n. [L. projectio.] 1. The act of throwing
or shooting forward. Brown. 2. A jutting out ; exten-
sion beyond something else. 3. The act of scheming;
plan ; scheme ; design of something to be executed. 4.
Plan ; delineation ; the representation of something.— 5.
In alchimy, the casting of a certain powder, called powder
of projection, into a crucible or other vessel full of some
prepared metal or other matter, which is to be thereby
transmuted into gold.
PRO-JE€T'MENT, n. Design ; contrivance. [Little used.}
Clarendon.
PRO-JECT'OR, n. I. One who forms a scheme or design,
2. One who forms wild or impracticable schemes.
PRO-JE€T'URE, 71. A jutting or standing out beyond the
line or surface of something else.
PRO-LAPSE', (pro-laps') n. [L. prolapsus.] A falling down
or falling out of some part of the body.
PRO-LAPSE', (pro-laps') v. i To fall down or out ; to pro-
ject too much,
PRO-LAP'SION, \ c„„ p„^, _„^
PRO-LAP'SUS. i ®'^ PK0LAP3E.
t PRO-LaTE', v. t. [L. prolatum.'] To uti'jr ; to pronounce
PRo'LATE, a. Extended beyond the li.\e of an exact
sphere.
PRO-La'TION, 71. [L. prolatio.] 1. Utterance ; pronun-
ciation ; [l.u.] Ray. 2. Delay; act of defeiring ; [obs.]
3. A method, m music, of determining the po\ 'er of semi-
breves and minims.
PROL-E-GOM'E-NA, 11. plu. [Gr. irpoXeyoyufiva.] Prelimi-
nary observations ; introductory remarks or diss, courses
prefixed to a book or treatise.
PRO-LEP^SIS, ; 71. [Gr. npoXeipis.] 1. Anticipation ;.-> fig-
PRO-LEP'SY, \ me in rhetoric by which objections are
anticipated or prevented. 2. An error in chronology,
when an event is dated before the actual time ; an anach-
ronism.
PRO-LEP'TI€, I a. 1. Pertaining to prolepsis or anti-
PR O-LEP'TI-CAL, \ cipation. 2. Previous ; antecedent.
— 3. In medicine, anticipating the usual time.
PRO-LEP'TI-CAL-LY, adv. By way of anticipation.
t PRO-LE-Ta'RI-AN, a. [L. proletarius.] Mean ; vile ; vul-
gar.' Hudibras.
fPRcyLE-TA-RY, n. A common person. Burton.
PRO-LIF'ER-OUS, a. In botany, prolific.
PR0-LIF'I€, or PRO-LIF'I-€AL, a. [It., Sp. prolifico ;
Fr. proUfique.] I. Producing young or fruit; fruitful;
generative ; productive. 2. Productive ; having the qual-
ity of generating. — 3. A prolific flower, [prolifer,] in bota-
ny, is one which produces a second flower from its own
substance, or which has smaller flowers growing out of
the principal one.
PRO-LIF'I-€A-CY, 77. Fruitfulness ; great productiveness.
PRO-LIF'J-€AL-LY, adv. Fruitfully ; Vi^ith great increase.
PRO-LIF-I-€a'TION, 77-. 1. The generation of young or of
plants. — 2. In botany, the production of a second flower
from the substance of the first.
PR0-L1F'I€-NESS, n. The state of being prolific.
* PRo'LIX, a. [L. prolixus.] 1. Long ; extended to a great
length ; minute in narration or argument. 2. Of long du-
ration ; [obs.]
t PRO-LIX'IOUS, a. Dilatory; tedious. Shak.
PRO-LIX'I-TY, or PRO-LIX'NESS, n. Great length ; mi-
nute detail.
PRO-LIX'LY, adv. At great length. Dryden.
*PRO-LO-€u'TOR, n. [L. prolo^uor.] The speaker or chair
man of a convocation. Swift.
*PRO-LO-€0'TOR-SHIP, n. The office or station of a pro-
locutor.
fPRO'LO-GlZE, 7;. i. To deliver a prologue.
* PRo'LOGUE, (pro'log) n. [Fr. ; L. prologus.] The preface
or introduction to a discourse or performance ; chiefly, the
discourse or poem spoken before a dramatic performance
or play begins. Encyc.
* PRo'LOGUE, (pro'log) v. t. [It. prologare.] To introduce
with a formal preface. Shak.
PRO-LONG', V. t. [Fr. prolonger ; It. prolungare ; Sp. pro-
longar.] 1. To lengthen in time ; to extend the duration
of.° 2. To lengthen ; to draw out in time by delay ; to
continue. 3. To put oflTto a distant time. 4. To extend
in space or length.
PRO-LON'GATE, v. t 1. To extend or lengthen in space.
2. To extend in time ; [little used.]
PRO-LON'GA-TED, pp. Extended in space ; continued in
length.
PRO-LON'GA-TING, ppr. Lengthening in space.
PRO-LON-Ga'TION, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of lengthening
in time or space. 2. Extension of tune by delay or post-
ponement.
PRO-LONG'ED, (pro-longd') pp. Lengthened in duration
or space.
PRO-LONG'ER, n. He or that which lengthens in time or
PRO-LONG'ING, ppr. Extending in time j contmumg in
length.
* See Sir P'is. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE —BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete,
Piio
646
PRO
I'RO-Lu'SION, n. [L. 2^^olusio.'] A prelude; entertain-
ment ; diverting performance. [Little used.]
TROM-E-NaDE', n. [Fr.] 1. A walk for amusement or
exercise. 2. A place for walking.
tPRO-MER'IT, V. t. [L. promeritum.'] 1. To oblige; to
confer a favor on. 2. To deserve j to procure bj' merit.
I'RO-ME-THe'AN, a. Pertaining to Prometheus, who
stole fire from heaven.
PROM'I-NENCE, ) n. [L. ■prominentia.'] A standing out
PROM'I-NEN-CY, \ from the surface of something, or
that which juts out ; protuberance.
PROM'I-NENT, a. [L. prominens.] 1. Standing out be-
yond the line or surface of something; jutting; protuber-
ant ; in high relief. 2. Full ; large. 3. Eminent ; dis-
tinguished above others. 4. Principal ; most visible or
striking to the eye ; conspicuous.
PROM'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a prominent manner ; so as to
stand out beyond the other parts ; eminently ; in a strik-
ing manner ; conspicuously.
PRO-MIS'€U-OUS, a. [L. promiscuus.] 1. Mingled ; con-
sisting of individuals united in a body or mass without
order; confused; undistinguished. 2. Common ; indis-
criminate ; not restricted to an individual.
PRO-MlS'€U-OUS-LY, ado. 1. In a crowd or mass with-
out order ; with confused mixture ; indiscriminately. 2.
without distinction of kinds. Pope.
PRO-MIS'eU-OUS-NESS, n. A state of being mixed with-
out order or distinction. Ash.
PROM'iSE, n. [L. promissum ; Fr. promesse.] 1. In a o-e7i-
eral sense, a declaration made by one person to another,
which binds the person who makes it to do or forbear a
certain act specified. — 2. In lain, a declaration, verbal or
written, made by one person to another for a good or
valuable consideration, in the nature of a covenant, by
which the promiser binds himself, and, as the case may
be, his legal representatives, to do or forbear some act,
and gives to the promisee a legal right to demand and en-
force a fulfillment. 3. A binding declaration of some-
thing to be done or given for another's benefit. 4. Hopes ;
expectation, or that which affords expectation, of future
distinction. 5. That which is promised ; fulfillment or
grant of what is promised. — 6. In Scripture, the promise
of God is the declaration or assurance which God has giv-
en in his word of bestowing blessings on his people.
PROM'iSE, V. t. 1. To make a declaration to another
which binds the promiser in honor, conscience or law, to
do or forbear some act. 2. To afford reason to expect.
3. To make declaration or give assurance of some benefit
to be conferred ; to pledge or engage to bestow.
PROM'iSE, v. i. 1. To assure one by a promise or binding
declaration. 2. To afford hopes or expectations ; to give
ground to expect good.— 3. In popular use, this verb some-
times threatens or assures of evil ; as. The rogue shall
be punished, I promise you. — 4. To promise one's self, to
be assured or to have strong confidence.
PROM'ISE-BRkACH, 71. Violation of promise.
PROM'ISE-BREaK-ER, n. A violator of promises.
PROM'iSED, pp. Engaged by word or writing.
PROM-I-SEE', n. The person to whom a promise is made.
PROM'IS-ER, n. One who promises ; one who engages,
■ assures, stipulates or covenants.
PROM'IS-ING, ppr. 1. Engaging by words or writing ;
stipulating; assuring. 2. Affording just expectations of
good, or reasonable ground of hope.
PROMMS-SO-RI-LY, adv. By way of promise.
PROM'IS-SO-RY, a. 1 . Containing a promise or binding
declaration of something to be done or forborne. — 2. In
law, a promissory note is a writing whic-h contains a prom-
ise of the payment of money or the delivery of property to
another, at or before a time specified, in consideration of
value received by the promiser.
fPROM'ONT. The same as promontory.
PROMJON-TO-RY, n. [L. promontorium ; Fr. promontoire ;
It., Sp. protnontorio.] In geography, a high point of land or
rock, projecting into the sea beyond the line of the coast ;
a head-land. It differs from a cape in denoting high land.
PRO-MoTE', v. t. [L. promotus.] 1. To forward ; to ad-
vance ; to contribute to the growth, enlargement or excel-
lence of any thing valuable, or to the increase of any
thing evil. 2. To excite ; as, to promote mutiny. 3. To
exalt ;_to elevate ; to raise ; to prefer in rank or honor.
PRO-MoT'ED, jyp. Advanced ; exalted.
PRO-MoT'ER, 71. 1. He or that which forwards, advances
or promotes ; an encourager. 2. One that excites. 3. An
informer ; a make-bate ; [oZ»s.]
PRO-MoT'ING, ppr. Forwarding ; advancing ; exciting ;
exalting.
PRO-Mo'TION, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of promoting; ad-
vancement ; encouragement. 2. Exaltation in rank or
honorj preferment.
PRO-Mo'TIVE, a. Tending to advance or promote; tend-
ing to encourage. Hume.
t PRO-MOVE', V. t. To advance. Fell.
PROMPT, a. [Fr. prompt ; It., Sp. pronto ; Tu,. promptus.]
1. Ready and quick to act as occasion demands. 2 Of a
ready disposition; acting with cheerful alacrity. 3
Quick ; ready ; not dilatory ; applied to things. 4. Q.uick ;
hasty; indicating boldness or forwardness. 5. Ready;
present; told down. 6. Easy; unobstructed.
PROMPT, V. t. 1. To incite ; to move or excite to action
or exertion ; to instigate. 2. To assist a speaker when at
a loss, by pronouncing the words forgotten or next in or-
der. 3. To dictate ; to suggest to the mind. 4. To re-
mind ; [o&s.]s
PROMPT'ED, pp. Incited; moved to action ; instigated ;
assisted in speaking or learning.
PROMPT'ER, 77. 1 . One that prompts ; one that admon-
ishes or incites to action. 2. One that is placed behind
the scenes in a play-house, whose business is to assist the
speakers when at a loss, by uttering the first words of a
sentence or words forgotten.
PROMPT'ING, ppr. Inciting; moving to action; aiding a
speaker when at a loss for the words of his piece.
PROMPT'I-TUDE, 77. [Fr. ; Impromptus; It. prontitudine.]
1. Readiness ; quickness of decision and action when oc-
casion demands. 2. Readiness of will; cheerful alacrity.
PROMPT'LY, adv. Readily ; quickly ; expeditiously ; cheer-
fully. Taylor.
PROMPT'NESS, 77. 1. Readiness ; quickness of decision
or action. 2. Cheerful willingness ; alacrity. 3. Activi-
ty ; briskness.
PROMPT'U-A-RY, n. [Fr. promptuaire ; L. promptuarium,]
That from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a
magazine ; a repository.
t PROMPT' rjRE, 77. Suggestion; incitement. Shak.
PRO-MUL'GATE, v. t. [L. promulgo.l To publish ; to
make known by open declaration.
PRO-MUL'GA-TED, pp. Published ; made publicly known.
PRO-MUL'GA-TING, ppr. Publishing.
PRO-MUL-Ga'TION, 77. The act of promulgating ; publi-
cation ; open declaration.
* PRO-MUL-Ga'TOR, 77. A publisher; one who makes-
known, or teaches publicly, what was before unknown.
PRO-MULGE', (pro-mulj') v. t. To promulgate ; to publish
or teach.
PRO-MULG'ED, (pro-muljd') pp. Published.
PRO-MUjuG'ER, 77. One who publishes or teaches what
was before unknown. jStterbury.
PR0-MULG'ING,:PP?-. Publishing.
PRO-Na'TION, 7(. [Im.pronus.] 1. Among a77aio777isfs, that
motion of the radius whereby the palm of the hand is
turned downwards ; the act of turning the palm down-
wards. Coxc. 2. That position of the hand when the
thumb is turned towards the body and the palm down-
wards.
PRO-Na'TOR, 77. A muscle of the fore-arm which serves to
turn the palm of the hand downward.
PRONE, a. [L. pronus.] I. Bending forward ; inclined ;
not erect. Milton. 2. Lying with the face downward.
3. Headlong ; precipitous ; inclining in descent. 4. Slop-
ing ; declivous ; inclined. 5. Inclined ; prepense ; dis-
posed.
PRoNE'LY, adv. So as to bend downwards ; in a kneeling
posture.
PRoNE'NESS, 77. 1. The state of bending downward. 2.
The state of lying with the face downwards. 3. Descent ;
declivity. 4. Inclination of mind, heart or temper ; pro-
pension ; disposition.
PRONG, 77. 1. A sharp-pointed instrument. 2. The tine
of a fork_or of a similar instrument.
PRONG'HoE, 71. A hoe with prongs to break the earth
tPRo'NI-TY, for proneness. More.
PRO-NOM'I-NAL, a. [L. pronomen.] Belonging to or of the
nature of a pronoun. Lowth.
PRO'NOUN, n. lYr. pronom ; It. pronome ; Sp. proiiombre ;
L. pronomen.] In grammar, a word used instead of a
noun or name, to prevent the repetition of it.
PRO-NOUNCE', (pro-nouns') v. t. [Fr. prononcer ; L. pro-
nuncio.] 1. To speak ; to utter articulately. 2. To utter
formally, officially or solemnly. 3. To speak or utter
rhetorically ; to deliver. 4. To speak ; to utter, in almost
any manner. 5. To declare or affirm.
PRO-NOUNCE', (pro-nouns') v. i. To speak ; to make dec-
laration ; to utter an opinion.
t PRO-NOUNCE', 77. Declaration. Milton.
PRO-NOUNCE A-BLE, (pro-nouns'a-bl) a That may be
pronounced or uttered. Piyikerton.
PRO-NOUN'CED, (pro-nounsf) pp. SpoKen ; uttered ; de-
clared solemnly.
PRO-NOUN'CER, n. One who utters or declares.
PRO-NOUN'CING, ppr. I. Speaking; uttering; declaring.
2. a. Teaching pronunciation.
* PRO-NUN-CI-A'TION, 77. \Fr. pr on onciation ; I,.pronun~
ciatio.] 1. The act of uttering with articulation; utter-
ance. 2. The mode of uttering words or sentences ,
particularly, the art or manner of uttering a discourse
publicly with propriety and gracefulness; now called
delivery.
See Synopsis. A, K, I. O, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :— + Obsolete.
U
PRO
647
PRO
PRO-NUN'CIA-TIVE, a. Uttering confidently ; dogmati-
cal. Bacon.
PROOF, 71. [Sax. prolan ; Bw.prof, Bain. prove; B.proef;
Fr. preuve.] 1. Trial ; essay ; experiment ; any effort,
process or operation that ascertains truth or fact. — 2. In
Law and lotric, that degree of evidence which convinces
the mind of the certainty of truth or fact, and produces
belief. 3. Firmness or hardness that resists impression,
or yields not to force ; impenetraoility of physical bodies.
4. Firmness of mind ; stability not to be shaken.— 5. The
proof of spirits consists in little bubbles which appear on
the top of the liquor after agitation, called the bead, and,
by the French, chapelet. 6. The degree of strength in
spirit J as, high proof ; first proof.— 7. Ln printing and en-
graving, a rough impression of a sheet, taken for correc-
tion 3 plu. proofs, not proves. 8. Armor sutiiciently firm
to resist impression ; [obs.] Shak.
PROOF'LESS, a. Wanting sufficient evidence to induce
belief; not proved. Boyle.
t PEOOF'LESS-LY, adv. Without proof.
PROP, V. t. [D- , Dan. prop ; Sw. propp ; D. proppen.] 1. To
support or prevent from falling by placing something un-
der or against. 2. 'J'o support by standing under or
against. 3. To support ; to sustain ; in a general sense.
PROP, n. That which sustains an incumbent weight ; that
on which any thing rests for support ; a support ; a stay.
PROP'A-GA-BLE, a. 1. That may be continued or multi-
plied by natural generation or production. 2. That may
be spread or extended by any means, as tenets, doctrines
or principles,
PKOP'A-GAND-ISM, n. The art or practice of propagating
tenets or principles. Dwight.
PROP-A-GAND'IST, n. A person who devotes himself to
the spread of any system of principles. Walsh.
PROP'A-GATE, V. I. [L. propago ; It. propaggine.'] 1. To
continue or multiply the kind by generation or successive
production. 2. To spread ; to extend ; to impel or con-
tinue forward in space. 3. To spread from person to
person ; to extend ; to give birtli to, or originate and
spread. 4, To carry from place to place ; to extend by
planting and establishing in places before destitute. 5.
To extend ; to increase. 6. To generate ; to produce.
PROP'A-GATE, V. i. To have young or issue ; to be pro-
duced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or
plants.
PROP'A-GA-TED, pp. Continued or multiplied by genera-
tion or production of the same kind ; spread ; extended.
PROP'A-GA-TING, ppr. Continuing or multiplying the
kind by generation or production ; spreading and estab-
lishing.
PROP-A-Ga'TION, 71. [Fr. ; \^. prcrpagatio.'] 1. The act of
propagating ; the continuance or multiplication of the kina
by generation or successive production. 2. The spread-
ing or extension of any thing. 3. The spreading of any
thing by planting and establishing in places before desti-
tute. 4. A forwarding or promotion.
PROP'A-GA-TOR, n. 1. One that continues or multiplies
his own species by generation. 2. One that continues or
multiplies any species of animals or plants. 3. One that
spreads or causes to circulate, as a report. 4. One that
plants and establishes in a country destitute. 5. One that
plants, originates or extends ; one that promotes.
PRO-PEL', V. t. [L. propello,] To drive forward ; to urge
or press onward by force.
PRO^PEL'LED, (pro-peld') pp. Driven forward.
PRO-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving forward.
PRO-PEND', V. I. [L. propendeo.] To lean towards ; to
incline ; to be disposed in favor of any thing. [L. u.l Shak.
PRO-PEND'EN-CY, n. [1.. propendens.j I. A leamng to-
wards ; inclination ; tendency of desire to any thing. 2.
Preconsideration ; attentive deliberation. [Little used.]
PRO-PEND'ING, ppr. Inclming towards.
PRO-PENSE', (pro-pens') a. [L. properu-us.] Leaning to-
wards, in a moral sense : inclined ; disposed.
PRO-PEN'SION, ) n. [Fr. propension ; L. propensio.] 1.
PRO-PENS'I-TY, \ Bent of mind, natural or acquired ;
inclination. 2. Natural tendency.
PROP'ER, a. [Fi. propre ; IX.pi-oprio, or propio ; Sp. propio ;
Ii.proprius.] 1. Peculiar; naturally or essentially belong-
ing to a person or thing ; not common. 2. Particularly
suited to. 3. One's own. 4. Noting an individual ; per-
taining to one of a species, but not common to the whole ;
as a proper name. 5. Fit ; suitable ; adapted ; accommo-
dated. 6. Correct; just. 7. Not figurative. 8. Well-
formed ; handsome. 9. Tall ; lusty ; handsome with
bulk ; [not used.] Shak. — 10. In vulgar language, very ;
as, proper good ; [vulgar.]
fPROP'ER-ATE, v.t.''[Ij.propero.] To hasten. Cockeram.
f PROP-ER-A'TION, n. [L. properatio.] The act of hasten-
ing ; the act of making haste. Bailey.
PROP'ER-LY, adv. 1. Fitly ; suitably ; in a proper man-
ner. 2. In a strict sense.
PROP'ER-NESS, M. 1. The quality of being proper ; [I. u.]
2. Tallness ; [obs.] 3. Perfect form ; handsomeness.
PROP'ER-TY, n. [from proper.] 1. A peculiar quality of
any thing ; that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally
essential to it. 2. An acquired or artificial quality ; that
which is given by art or bestowed by man. 3. Quality ;
disposition. 4. The exclusive right of possessing, enjoy-
ing and disposing of a thing ; ownership. 5. Possession
held in one's own right. Bryden. 6. The thing owned ;
that to which a person has the legal title, whether in his
possession or not. 7. An estate, whether in lands, goods
or money. 8. An estate; a farm ; a plantation. 9. Near-
ness or right. 10. Something useful ; an appendage ; a
theatrical teryn. 11. Propriety ; [obs.] — Literary property^
the exclusive right of printing, publishing and making
profit by one's own writings.
t PROP'ER-TY, V. t. To invest with qualities, or to take as
one's own ; to appropriate. Shak.
PRO-PHaNE'. See Profane.
PRo'PHA-StS, 71. [Gr. nf)0(paaig.] In TJzeiiciTie, prognosis;
foreknowledge of a disease.
PROPH'E-CY, n. [Gr. TrpocprjTeia.] 1. A foretelling ; pre-
diction ; a declaration of something to come. — 2. In Scrip-
ture, a book of prophecies ; a history. 3. Preaching ; pub-
lic interpretation of Scripture ; exhortation or instruction.
Prov. xxxi.
PROPH'E-SlED, pp. Foretold ; predicted.
PROPH'E SI-ER, n. One who predicts events.
PROPH'E-SY, V. t. 1. To foretell future events; to pre-
dict. 2. To foreshow ; [little ^ised.] Shak.
PROPH'E-Sy, v. i. 1. To utter predictions ; to make decla-
ration of events to come. Jer. xi.— 2. In Scripture, to
preach ; to instruct in religious doctrines ; to interpret or
explain Scripture or religious subjects ; to exhort. 1 Cor.
xiii.
PROPH'E-SY-ING, ppr. Foretelling evenis.
PROPH'E-SY-ING, n. Theactof foretelling or of preaching
PROPH'ET, n. [Gr. Tipo(pnTr]s ; li.propheta; Fr. prophete.]
1. One that foretells future events; a predicter ; a fore-
teller. — 2. In Scripture, a person inspired or instructed by
God to announce future events. 3. An interpreter ; one
that explains or communicates sentiments. Ex. vii. 4.
One who pretends to foretell ; an impostor. — School, of the
prophets, among the Israelites, a school or college in
which young men were educated and qualified for public
PROPH'ET-LiKE, a. Like a prophet. Shak.
PROPH'ET-ESS, 71. A female prophet. Judg.iv.
PRO-PHET'lfe, ) a. 1. Containing prophecy ; foretell-
PRO-PHET'I-€AL, ] ing future events. 2. Unfolding
future events.
PRO-PHET'I-CAL-LY, adv. By way of prediction ; in the
manner of prophecy. Dryden.
t PROPH'E-TiZE, V. i. To give prediction.
PROPH-Y-LAC'TI€, \ a. [Gr. rtpo<p\)\aKTiKog.] In med-
PROPH-Y-LA€'TI-€AL, j idne, preventive ; defending
from disease Coze,
PROPH-Y-LAC'TI€, n. A medicine which preserves or de-
fends against disease ; a preventive. Coze.
PROP-I-Na'TION, 71. [ij.propinatio.] The act of pledging,
or drinking first and then offering the cup to another.
Potter.
t PRO-PINE', v.t. [L. propinc] 1. To pledge; to drink
first and then offer the cup to another. 2. To expose.
t PRO-PIN'aUATE, V. i. [L. propinquo.] To approach ; to
draw near to. Cockeram,
PRO-PIN'Q,UI-TY, 71. [L. propinquitas.] 1. Nearness in
place; neighborhood. 2. Nearness in time. 3. Nearness
of blood ; kindred.
PRO-PI'TIA-BLE, a. That may be induced to favor, or
that may be made propitious.
PRO-Pl''TIATE, t;. £. [L. propitio.] To conciliate ; to ap-
pease one offended and render him favorable ; to make
propitious. Pope.
PRO-ri"TIA-TED, pp. Appeased and rendered favorable ^
conciliated.
PRO-Pi"TIA-TING, ppr. Conciliating ; appeasing the wrath
of and rendering favorable.
* PRO-Pi-TI-A'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of appeasing
wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person
the act of making propitious.— 2. In theology, the atone-
ment or atoning sacrifice which removes tlie obstacle to
man's salvation.
PRO-PI-TIa'TORj n. One who propitiates. Sherwood.
* PRO-PI"TIA-TO-RY, a. Having the power to make pro-
pitious. Stilling fleet.
* PRO-Pi'iTIA-TO-RY, n. Among the Jews, the mercy-seat ;
the lid or cover of the ark of the covenant, lined within
and without with plates of gold. Encyc.
PRO-Pl"TIOUS, (pro-pisli'us) a. [L. propithis.] 1. Favora-
ble ; kind. 2. Disposed to be gracious or merciful ; ready
to forgive sins and bestow blessings. 3. Favorable; as, a
propitious season.
PRO-Pi"TIOUS-LY, a(fy. Favorably ; kindly. Roscommon.
PRO-Pi"TIOUS-NESS, 71. 1 Kindness; disposition to treat
♦ See Synovsis MOVE . BOOK , DoVE -—BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, t OlselUe
PRO
PRO
another kindly ; disposition to forgive. 2. Favorable-
PRO'PLASM, n. [Gr. npo and nAao-jua.] A mold ; a matrix.
PRO-PLAS'TiCE, rt. The art of making molds for castings.
PE.O'P0-LIS, n. [Gr.] A thick, odorous substance having
some resemblance to wax, and smelling like storax ; used
by bees to stop the holes and crevices in their hives.
PRO-Po'NENT, n. [L. proponens.] One that makes a pro-
posal^ or lays down a proposition. Dryden.
PHO-PoR'TiON, n. [L proportio.] 1. The comparative
relation of any one thing to another. 2. 1 he identity or
similitude of two ratios. — Proportion differs from ratio.
Ratio is the relation which determines the quantity of one
thing from the quantity of another, without the interven-
tion of a third. Thus the ratio of 5 and 10 is 2 ; the ratio
of 8 and 16 is 2. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of
two such relations. Thus 5 is to 10 as 8 to 16 j that is, 5
bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to IR. Hence we
say, such numbers are in proportion. — 3. In arithmetic, a
rule by which, when three numbers are given, a fourth
number is found. 4. Symmetry ; suitable adaptation of
one part or thing to another. 5. Equal or just share. 6.
From ; size ; [L w.] 7. The relation between unequal
things of the same kind, by which their several parts cor-
respond to each other with an equal augmentation and
diminution, as in reducing and enlarging figures.
PRO-PoR'TlON, V. t. 1. To adjust the comparative rela-
tion of one thing or one part to another. 2. To form
with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body.
PRO-PoR'TIOiSi-A-BLE, a. That may be proportioned or
made proportional.
PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality of being
proportionable.
PRO-PoR TION-A-BLY, adv. AccoRding to proportion or
comparative relation.
PRO-PoR'TION-AL, a. [It. proporzionale ; Fr. proportion-
nel.] Having a due comparative relation ; being in suita-
ble proportion or degree.
PRO-PoR-TION-AL'1-TY, n. The quality of being in pro-
portion. Grew,
PRO-PoR'TION-AL-LY, adv. In proportion ; in due de-
gree ; with suitable comparative relation.
PRO-PoR'TION-ATE, a. Adjusted to something else ac-
cording to a certain rate or comparative relation ; propor-
tional. Locke.
PRO-PoR'TION-ATE, v. t. To proportion ; to make pro-
portional ; to adjust according to a settled rate or to due
comparative relation.
PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-LY, adv. With due proportion ; ac-
cording to a settled or suitable rate or degree.
PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. The state of being adjusted
by due or settled proportion or comparative relation ;
suitableness of proportions.
PRO-PoR TIONED, pp. Made or adjusted with due pro-
portion or with symmetry of parts.
PRO-PoR TION-ING, ppr. Making proportional.
PRO-PoR'TION-LESS, a. Without proportion j without
symmetry of parts.
PRO-Po'SAL, n. 1. That which is offered or propounded
for consideration or acceptance ; a scheme or design,
terms or conditions proposed. 2. Offer to the mind.
PRO-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. proposer ; I^.propono.] 1. To offer
for consideration, discussion, acceptance or adoption. 2.
To offer or present for consideration.— 7'op?-Ojpo5e to one^s
self, to intend ; to design.
t PRO-PoSE', V. i. To lay schemes. Shak.
t PRO-PoSE', n. Talk ; discourse. Shak.
PRO-PoS'ED, (pro-pozd') pp. Offered or presented for con-
sideration, discussion, acceptance or adoption.
PRO-PoS'ER, n. One that offers any thing for consideration
or adoption. Locke.
PRO-PoS'lNG, ppr. Offering for consideration, acceptance
or adjption.
PROP-0-Sl"TION, n. [Fr. ; 1.. propositio.] 1. That which
is proposed 3 that which is offered for consideration, ac-
ceptance or adoption ; a proposal ; offer of terms.— 2. In
logic, one of the three parts of a regular argument ; the
part of an argument in which some quality, negative or
positive, is attributed to a subject. — 3. In mathematics, a
statement in terms of either a truth to be demonstrated, or
an operation to be performed. — 4. In oratory, that which
is offered or affirmed as the subject of the discoui-se ; any
thing stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration.— 5.
In poetry, the first part of a poem, in which the author
states the subject or matter of it.
PROP-0-Sl"TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a proposition 3 con-
sidered as a praposition. Watts.
PRO-POUND', V. t. [L. 'propnno.'] 1. To propose ; to offer
for consideration. 2. To offer ; to exhibit ; to propose. —
3. In congregational churches, to propose or name as a
candidate for admission to communion with a church.
PRO-POUND'ED, vp. Proposed ; offered for consideration.
PRO-POUND'ERJ n. One that proposes or offers for consid-
eration.
PRO-POUNDTNG, ppr. Proposing ; offering fcr considera^
tion.
PROPPED, joj). Supported; sustained by something placed
under.
PROP'PING, i)pr. Supporting by something beneath.
PRO-PRE'FE€T, n. Among the Romans, a prefect's lieu-
tenant commissioned to do a part of the duty of the pre-
fect.
PRO-PRE'TOR, n. [L. proprator.\ Among the Romans, a
magistrate who, having discharged the office of pretor at
home, was sent into a province to command there with
his former pretorial authority.
PRO-PRI'E-TA-RY , n. [Fr. proprietaire.] 1. A proprietor
or owner ; one who has the exclusive title to a thing ; one
who possesses or holds the title to a thing in his own
right. — 2. In monasteries, such monks were called propri-
etaries, as had reserved goods and effects to themselves,
notwithstanding their renunciation of all at the time of
their profession.
PRO-PRi'E-TA-RY, a. Belonging to a proprietor or owner,
or to aproprietary.
PRO-PRl'E-TOR, n. [L. proprietas.] An owner ; the per-
son who has the legal right or exclusive title to any
thing, whether in possession or not.
PRO-PRl'E-TRESS, n. A female who has the exclusive
legal right to a t\img. L'' Estrange.
PRO-PRI'E-TY, 71. [Fr. propriete ; L. proprietas.] 1. Prop-
erty ; peculiar or exclusive right of possession ; owner-
ship. 2. Fitness ; suitableness ; appropriateness j conso-
nance with established principles, rules or customs ; just-
ness ; accuracy. 3. Proper state.
PROPT. See Propped.
PRO-PuGN', (pro-pune',) v. t. [L. propugno.] To contend
for ; to defend ; to vindicate. [Little used.] Hammond.
f PRO-PUG'NA-€LE, ?i. [L. propugnaculum.] A fortress.
t PRO-PUG-Na'TION, n. [L. propugnatio .] Defense.
PRO-PuGN'ER, (pro-piin'er) n. A defender ; a vindicator.
PRO-PUL-Sa'TION, n. [h. propulsatio.] The act of driving
away or repelling ; the keeping at a distance.
PRO-PULSE', (pro-puls') v. t. [L. propulso.] To repel ; to
drive off. [Little used.] Cotgrave.
PRO-PUL'SION, n. [L. propulsus.] The act of driving for-
ward. Bacon.
PRO Ra'TA. [L.] In proportion.
PEORE, n. [L. prora.] The prow or fore part of a ship
[JVot in use, except in poetry.] Pope.
PRO RE Na'TA. [L.] According to exigences or circum-
stances.
PRO-RO-Ga'TION, n. [L. prorogatio.] 1. Continuance in
time or duration ; a lengthening or prolongation of time. —
2. In England, the continuance of parliament from one
session to another, as an adjournment is a continuance of
the session from day to day.
PRO-RoGUE', (pro-rog') v. t. [Fr. proroger ; L. prorogo.]
1. To protract; to prolong. 2. To defer; to delay. 3.
To continue the parliament from one session to another.
PRO-RUP'TiON, n. [L. pror^iiptus.] The act of bursting
forth ; a bursting out. Brown.
PRO-Sa'I€, a. [L. prosaicus ; Fr. prosaique.] Pertaining to
prose ; resembling prose ; not restricted by numbers.
t PRo'SAL, a. Prosaic. Brown.
PRO-SeRIBE', v. t. [L. proscribo.] 1. To doom to de-
struction ; to put one out of the protection of law, and
promise a reward for his head. 2. To put out of the pro-
tection of the law. 3. To denounce and condemn as dan-
gerous and not worthy of reception ; to reject utterly. 4.
To censure and condemn as utterly unworthy of recei>-
tion. 5._ To interdict.
PRO-S€RiB'ED, (pro-skribd') pp. Doomed to destruction ;
denounced as dangerous, or as unworthy of reception ;
condemned ; banished.
PRO-S€RlB'ER, n. One that dooms to destruction ; one
that denounces as dangerous, or as utterly unworthy of
reception.
PRO-S€RlB'ING, ppr. Dooming to destruction ; denounc
ing as unworthy of protection or reception ; condemning ;
banishing.
PRO-S€RIP'TION, n. [L. proscriptio.] 1. The act of
proscribing or dooming to death ; among the Romans,
the public offer of a reward for the head of a political en-
emy. 2. A putting out of the protection of law ; con-
demning to exile. 3. Censure and condemnation ; utter
rejection.
PRO-S€RIP'TIVE, a. Pertaining to or consisting in pro-
scription ; proscribing. Burke.
PROSE, n. [L., It., Sp. prosa ; Fr. prose.] 1. The natural
language of man ; language loose and unconfined to poet-
ical measure. 2. A prayer used in the Romish church on
particular days.
PROSE, V. t. 1. To write in prose. Milton. 2. To make a
tedious relation. Mason.
PROS'E-€UTE, V. t. [Ij.prosecutus.] 1. To follow or pur-
sue with a view to reach, execute or accomplish ; to con-
tinue endeavors to obtain or complete ; to continue efforts
* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, V, Y, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f ObLolete
PRO
649
PRO
already begun. 2. To seek to obtain by legal process.
3. To accuse of some crime or breach of law, or to
pursue for redress or punishment, before a legal tribu-
nal.
PROS'E-€UTE, V. i. To carry on a legal prosecution.
Blackstone.
PRQS'E-€U-TED, pp. Pursued, or begun and carried on
for execution or accomplishment, as a scheme ; pursued
for redress or punishment in a court of law, as a person j
demanded in law, as a right or claim.
PROS'E-€U-TING, ppr. Pursuing, or beginning and car-
rying on for accomplishment ; pursuing for redress or pun-
ishment ;_suLng for, as a right or claim.
PROS-E-eu'TION, n. 1. The act or process of endeavoring
to gain or accomplish something j pursuit by efforts of
body or mind. 2. The institution and carrying on of a
suit in a court of lav or equity, to obtain some right, or
to redress and punish some wrong. 3. The institution
or commencement and continuance of a criminal suit ;
the process of exhibiting formal charges against an offender
before a legal tribunal, and pursuing them to final judg-
ment.
PROS'E-eU-TOR, n. 1. One who pursues or carries on
any purpose, plan or business. 2. The person who in-
stitutes and carries on a , criminal suit in a legal tribu-
nal, or one who exhibits criminal charges against an of-
fender.
PROS'E-L"?TE, 11. [Fr. proselyte ; It. prosoliia ; Gr. :rpo<7-
jyXv ro?.] A new convert to some religion or religious sect,
or to some particular opinion, system or party.
PROS'E-LyTE. v. t. To make a convert to some religion,
or to some opinion or system. Macknight.
PROS'E-LYT-ISM, n. 1. The making of converts to a reli-
gion or religious sect, or to any opinion, system or party.
Burke. 2. Conversion to a system or creed.
PROS'E-LYT-iZE, to make converts, or to convert, is not
well authorized, or no* in common use, and is wholly un-
n*!cessary.
t PRO-SEM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. proseminatus,] Propagation
by seed. Hale.
PROS-EN-NE-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. irpos, Evvea and iSpa.]
In crystnlography, having nine faces on two adjacent parts
of the crystal.
PRo'SER, n. 1. A writer of prose. Drayton.— % In cant
language, one who makes a tedious naiTation of uninter-
esting matters.
PROS-0-Di'A-€AL, ) a. Pertaining to prosody or the quan-
* PRO-So'DI-AL, > tity and accents of syllables ; ac-
PRO-SOD'I-€AL, ) cording to the rules of prosody.
* PR0-S6'DI-AN, n. One skilled in prosody or in the rules
of pronunciation and metrical composition
PROS'O-DIST, n. One who undei-stands prosody,
PROS'0-DY, n. [Fr. prosodie ; L. prosodia.] That part of
grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables, of ac-
cent, and of the laws of versification.
PROS-O-PO-LEP'SY, 71. [Gr. npoCTcoTToXTyt/^ta.] Respect of
persons ; more particularly, a premature opinion or preju-
dice against a person, formed by a view of his external
appearance. Addison.
PROS-O-PO-Pe'IA, \ n. [Gr. Tipoawi^oTioua.] A figure in
PROS'O-PO-PY, \ rhetoric by which things are repre-
sented as persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken
of as animated beings, or by which an absent person is
introduced as speaking, or a deceased person is represent-
ed as alive and present.
PROSTECT, n. [L. prospectus.'] 1. View of things with-
in the reach of the eye. 2. View of things to come ; in-
tellectual sight ; expectation. 3. That which is present-
ed to the eye ; the place and the objects seen. 4. Object
of view. 5. Vieyv delineated or painted ; picturesque
representation of a landscape. 6. Place which affords an
extended view. 7. Position of the front of a building.
8. Expectation, or ground of expectation. 9. A looking
forward ; a regard to something future.
tPROS'PEOT, V. i. [L. prospectus.] To look forward.
Diet.
PRO-SPE€'TION, n. The act of looking forward, or of pro-
viding for future wants. Palcy.
PRO-SPE€T'IVE, a. 1. Looking forward in time ; regard-
ing the future ; opposed to retrospective. W. Jay. 2.
Acting with foresight. 3. Pertaining to a prospect;
viewing at a distance. 4. Furnishing with an extensive
prospect.
PRP-SPE€T'IVE-LY, adv. With reference to the future.
PRO-SPE€T'US, n. [L.] The plan of a literary work,
containing the general subject or design, with the man-
ner and terms of publication, and sometimes a specimen
of it.
PROSTER, V. t. [L. prospero.] To favor ; to render suc-
cessful. Dryden.
PROS'PER, V. i. 1. To be successful ; to succeed. 2. To
grow or increase ; to thrive ; to make gain.
PROS'PERED, pp. Having success ; favored.
PROS'PEE-ING, ppr. Rendering successful : advancing in
growth, wealth or any good. ^
PRuS PER'I-TY, n. VL. prosperitas.] Advance or gEfflr in
any thing good or desirable ; successful progress in any
business or enterprise ; success ; attainment of the object
desired.
PROS'PER-OUS, a. [L. prosperus.] 1. Advancing in
the pursuit of any thing desirable ; making gain or in-
crease ; thriving ; successful. 2. Favorable ; favoring
success.
PROS'PER-OUS-LY, adv. With gain or increase ; success-
fully. Bacon.
PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being successful ,
prosperity.
PRO-SPl"CIENCE, n. [L. prospiciens.] The act of looking
forward. Diet.
PROSS, 11. Talk; conversaticHi, rather of the gossiping
kind. Brockett.
PROS'TATE, a. [fromGr. jrpotoTjyjut.] In anatomy,t}ieproS'
tate gland is a gland situated just before the neck of the
bladder in males, and surrounding the beginning of the
urethra.
PROS-TER-Na'TION, 71. [li.prosterno.] A state of being
cast down ; dejection ; depression. [Little used.]
PROS'THE-SIS, \ n. [Gr.] In surgery, the addition of an
PROTH'E-SIS, \ artificial part to supply a defect of the
body ; as a wooden leg, &c.
PROS-THET'ie, a. [Gr. jrpoo-0£roj.] Prefixed, as a letter
to a word.
PROS'TI-TUTE, V. t. [L. prostxtuo.] 1. To offer freely
to a lewd use, or to indiscriminate lewdness. 2. To give
up to any vile or infamous purpose ; to devote to any
thing base ; to sell to wickedness. 3. To offer or expose
upon vile terms or to unworthy persons.
PROS'TI-TUTE, a. Openly devoted to lewdness ; sold to
wickedness or to infamous purposes.
PROS'TI-TUTE, n. I. A female given to indiscriminate
lewdness ; a strumpet. Dryden. 2. A base hireling ; a
mercenary ; one who offers himself to infamous employ-
ments for hire.
PROS'TI-TU-TED, pp. Offered to common lewdness ; de-
voted to base purposes.
PROS'TI-TU-TING, ppr. Offering to indiscriminate lewd-
ness ; devoting to infamous uses.
PROS-TI-Tu'TION, 71. [¥x.;l,.prostituo.] 1. The act or
practice of offering the body to an indiscriminate inter-
course with men ; common lewdness of a female. 2. The
act of setting one's self to sale, or offering one's self to
infamous employments.
PROS'TI-TU-TOR, n. One who prostitutes ; one who sub-
mits himself or offers another to vile purposes.
PROS'TRATE, a. [L. prostratus.] 1. Lying at length, or
with the body extended on the ground or other surface.
2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. 3: Lying in the pos-
ture of humility or adoration.
PROS'TRATE, v. t. 1. To lay flat ; to throw down. 2. To
throw down ; to overthiow ; to demolish ; to ruin. — 3. To
prostrate one^s self, to throw one's self down or to fall in
humility or adoration. 4. To bow in humble reverence.
5. To sink totally ; to reduce.
PROS'TRA-TED, pp. Laid at length ; laid flat ; thrown
down ; destroyed.
PROS'TRA-TING, ppr. Laying flat ; throwing down ; de-
stroying.
PROS-TRa'TION, 71. 1. The act of throwing down or lay-
ing flat. 2. The act of falling down, or the act of bowing
in humility or adoration ; primarily, the act of falling on
the face. 3. Great depression ; dejection. 4. Great loss
of natural strength and vigor ; that state of the body in
disease in which the system is passive and requires pow-
erful stimulants to excite it into action.
PRO'STyLE, 71. [Gr. rpooruXo? .] In architecture, a range
of columns in the front of a temple. Encyc.
PRO-SYL'LO-GISM, 7!. [pro and syllogism.] A prosyllo-
gism is when two or more syllogisms are so connected
that the conclusion of the former is the major or minor of
the following.
PRO-TA€'TI€, a. Protactic persons, in plays, are those
who give a narrative or explanation of the piece.
*PRo'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. nporaci^.] 1. A proposition ; a max-
im. ^2. In the ancient drama, the first part of a comic or
tragic piece, in which the severi viersons are shown, their
characters intimated, and the subject proposed and enter-
ed on.
PRO-TAT'IG, a. [Gr. irporaTiKos.] Being placed in the be-
ginning; previous. Dryden.
PRo'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to Proteus ; readily assuming
different shapes. See Proteus.
PRO-TEOT', v. t. [L. protectus.] To cover or shield
from danger or injury ; to defend ; to guard ; to preserve
in safety.
PRO-TE€T'ED, pp. Covered c defended from injury ; pre-
served in safety.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 7 Obsolete.
PRO
650
PRO
PRO-TE€T1NG, ppr. Shielding from injury ; defending j
preserving in safety.
PRO-TE€'TION, n. 1. The act of protecting ; defense ;
shelter from evil ; preservation from loss, injury or an-
noyance. 2. That which protects or preserves from
injury. 3. A writing that protects ; a passport or other
writing which secures from molestation. 4. Exemp-
tion.
PEO-TE€T'IVE, a. Affording protection ; sheltering ; de-
fensive. Thomson.
PRO-TE€T'OR, n. [Ft. protecteur.] 1. One that defends
or shields from injury, evil or oppression ; a defender ; a
guardian. — 2. In England, one who formerly had the care
of the kingdom during the king's minority ; a regent. —
3. In Catholic countries, every nation and every religious
order has a. protector residing at Rome.
PRO-TECT'OR-ATE, n. Government by a protector. Wal-
pole.
PRO-TE€T'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a protector or re-
gent. Burnet.
PRO-TECT'RESS, n. A woman or female that protects,
PRO-TEND', V, t. [L. protendo.] To hold out ; to stretch
forth. Dryden.
PRO-TEND'ED, pp. Reached or stretched forth. Mitford.
PRO-TEXDING, ppr. Stretching forth.
t PRO-TENSE', (pro-tens') n. Extension. Spenser.
PRO-TERV'I-TY, n. [L. protervitas.] Peevishness ; petu-
lance. [Little used.]
PRO-TEST', V. i. [L. protestor ; Fr. protester.] 1. To
affirm with solemnity 3 to make a solemn declaration of a
fact or opinion. 2. To make a solemn declaration expres-
sive of opposition. 3. To make a formal declaration in
writing against a public law or measure.
PRO-TEST', v.t. 1. To call as a witness in affirming or de-
nying, or to prove an affirmation. 2. To prove ; to show ;
to give evidence of; [obs.] — 3. In commerce, to protest a
bill of exchange, is for a notary public, at the request of
the payee, to make a formal declaration, under hand and
seal, against the drawer of the bill, on account of non-ac-
ceptance or non-payment, for exchange, cost, commis-
sions, damages and interest.
* PROTEST, 7!. 1. A solemn declaration of opinion, com-
monly against some act ; a formal and solemn declaration
in writing of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative
body. — 2. In commerce, a formal declaration made by a
notary public, under hand and seal, at the request of the
payee or holder of a bill of exchange, for non-acceptance
or non-pavment of the same.
PRC T'ES-TANT, a. Pertaining to those who, at the ref-
ormation of religion, protested against a decree of Charles
V. and the diet of Spires ; pertaining to the adherents of
Luther, or others of the reformed churches.
PROT ES-TANT, n. One of the party who adhered to Lu-
ther at the Reformation in 1529, and protested against a
decree of the emperor Charles V. and the diet of Spires,
and appealed to a general council.
PROT'ES-TAXT-ISM, n. The Protestant relisdon.
PROT ES-TAXT-LY, atfi-. In conformity to" the Protes-
tants.
PROT-ES-Ta'TIOX, n. [Fr.] 1. A solemn declaration of
a fact, opinion or resolution. 2. A solemn declaration of
dissent ; a protest. — 3. In lair, a declaration in pleading,
by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or
denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not
exist.
PRO-TEST'ED, pp. Solemnly declared or alledged ; declar-
ed against for non-acceptance or non-payment.
PRO-TEST'ER, n. 1. One who protests ; one who utters a
solemn declai-ation. 2. One who protests a bill of ex-
chanse.
PRO-T£ST'IXG, ppr. Solemnly declaring or affii-ming ; de-
claring against for non-acceptance or non-payment.
PRo'TE'-US, n. [L.] In mythologtj, a marine deity, the son
of Oceanus and Tethys,' whose distinguishing character-
istic was the facultv of assuming diffisrent shapes.
PRO-THOX'0-TA-RI-SHIP, n. The office of a prothono-
tarj'.
PRO-THOX'0-TA-RY, 71 [Low L. protonotarius.] 1. Orig-
inally, the chief notary ; and, anciently, the title of the
principal notaries of the emperors of Constantinople. —
2. In England, an officer in the court of king's bench and
common pleas. — 3. In the United States, a register or
clerk of a comt.
PRO'T0-€0L, n. [Low L. protocollum.] 1. The orig-
jaal copy of any writing. Ayliffe. 2. A record or regis-
try.
PRo'TO-€OL-IST, 71. In Russia, a register or clerk.
PRO'TO-MXR-TYR, n. [Gr, -^ujtos and jxaQTv^.] I. The
first martyr ; a term applied to Stephen. 2. The first who
suffers or"is sacrificed in any cause.
PRO'TO-i'LAST, n. [Gr. rrpurof and nXaaroi.] The
original ; the thing first formed, as a copy to be imitated.
PRO-TO-PLAS'TI€, a First formed. Howell.
PRo'TO-POPE, 71. [Gr. JrpwTo?, andi?ope.] Chief pope or
imperial confessor. Tooke, Rilss.
PRO-TO-SUL'PHATE, 71. In chemistry, the combination of
sulphuric acid with a protoxyd.
PRO'TO-T^PE, n. [Fr.; Gr. ;rpwTorrffoj.] An original or
model after which any thing is formed ; the pattern of
any thing to be engraved, cast, &c. ; exemplar ; arche-
type.
PRO-TOX'YD, n. [Gr. n^btTog and o|uj.] A substance
combined with oxygen in the first degree, or an oxyd
formed by the first degree of oxydizement. Thomson.
PRO-TOX'Y-DIZE, v. t. To oxvdize in the first degree.
PRO-TRACT', V. t. [L. protractus.] 1. To draw out or
lengthen in time ; to continue ; to prolong. 2. To delay j
to defer ; to put off to a distant time.
t PRO-TRACT', n. Tedious continuance. Spenser.
PRO-TRACT'ED, pp. Drawn out in time ; delayed.
PRO-TRACT'ER, 71. One who protracts or lengthens in
time.
PRO-TRACT'ING, ppr. Drawing out or continuing in time ;
delaying.
PRO-TRACTION, n. The act of drawmg out or contin
uing in time; the act of delaying the termmation of a
thing.
PRO-TRACT'IVE, a. Drawing out or lengthening in time .:
prolonging; continuing; delaying. Dryden.
PRO-TRACT'OR, n. An instrument for laying down and
measuring angles on paper.
PRO-TREP'TI-CAL, a. [Gr. irpoTpenriKoS'] Hortatory;
suasory ; intended or adapted to persuade. [L, u.] Ward.
PRO-TRUDE', V. t. [L. protrudo.] 1. To thrust forward ;
to drive or force along. 2, To thrust out, as from con-
finement.
PRO-TRuDE', V. i. To shoot forward ; to be tluTist forn^ard.
Bacon.
PRO-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust forward or out.
PRO-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting forward or out.
PRO-TRu'SION, n. The act of thrusting forward or be-
yond the usual limit ; a thrusting or driving : a push.
Locke.
PRO-TRu'SIVE, a. Thrusting or unpelling forward.
PRO-TtJ'BER-ANCE, n. [L. protuberans.] A sweUing
or tumor on the body ; a prominence ; a bunch or knob.
PRO-TU'BER-ANT, a. Swellmg ; prominent bej'ond the
surrounding surface.
PRO-TtJ'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. protubero.] To swell or be
prominent beyond the adjacent surface ; to bulge out.
PRO-TU-BER-A'TION, n. The act of sweUing beyond the
surroundins; surface. Cooke.
PRO-TU'BER-OUS, a. Protuberant. Smith.
PROUD, a. [Sax. prut ; D. preutsch.] 1. Having inordi-
nate self-esteem ; possessing a high or unreasonable con-
ceit of one's own excellence, either of body or mind. 2.
AiTOgant; haughty ; supercilious. 3. Daring; presump-
tuous. 4. Lofty of mien ; grand of person. 5. Grand ;
lofty ; splendid ; magnificent. 6. Ostentatious ; grand.
7. Splendid ; exhibiting grandeur and distinction ; excit-
ing pride. 8. Excited by the animal appetite. 9. Fun-
gous.
PROUD'LY, adv. With an inordinate self-esteem ; in a
proud manner ; haughtily ; ostentatiously ; with lofty airs
or mien. Pope.
PRoV'A-BLE, a. That may be proved.
PROV'A-BLY, adv. In a manner capable of proof. HAoet.
fPRO'VAND, 7!. Provender.
PR5\rE, ?;. f. [^d.x.profMn;T).proeDen;'DaTi.prdver.] 1.
To try ; to ascertain some unknown quality or tmth by an
experiment or by a test or standard. 2. To evince, estab-
hsh or ascertain" as truth, reality or fact, by testimony or
other evidence. 3. To evince truth by argument, induc-
tion or reasoning ; to deduce certain conclusions from prop-
ositions that are true or admitted. 4. To ascertain tlie
genuineness or validity of; to verify. 5. To experience,
to try by suffering or encountering ; to gain certain knowl-
edge" by the operation of something on ourselves, or by
some act of our own. — 6. In arithmetic, to show, evmce
or ascertain the correctness of any operation or result. 7.
To trj' ; to esamhie. — 8. Men prove God, when by their
provocations they put his patience to trial, Ps. xcv. ; or
when by obedience they make trial how much he will
countenance such conduct, Mai. iii.
PROVE, V. i. 1. To make trial ; to essay. Dryden. 2. To
be found or to have its qualities ascertained by experience
or trial. 3. To be ascertained by the event or something
subsequent. 4. To be found true or correct by the result.
5. To make certain; to show; to evince. 6. To suc-
ceed; [obs.]
PROVED, pp. Tried ; evinced ; experienced.
PRO-VED'I-TOR, ) n. [It. prov editor e.] A purveyor ; one
PROV-E-DoRE', \ employed to procure supplies for an
army. — Proveditor, in Venice and other parts of Italy, is
an o"fficer who superintends matters of policy. Encyc.
* See Synopsist a, E, T, O, V, "V-, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
PRO
651
PRU
PROVEN. A word used by Scottish writers for the parti-
ciple proved.
PRO-VEN'CIAL, a. [Fr. provengal.] Pertaining to Prov-
ence, in France.
PROV'EN-DER, n. [Fr. provende ; Norm. provender.] 1. Dry
food for beasts, usually meal, or a mixture of meal and
cut straw or hay. 2. Provisions ; meat ; food. Coxe.
PROV'ER, n. One that proves or tries ; that which proves.
PROVERB, n. [Fr. proverhe ; It. proverbio ; L. proverbium.]
1. A short sentence often repeated, expressing a well
known truth or common fact, ascertained by experience
or observation ; a maxim of wisdom. 2. A by-word ; a
name often repeated 5 and hence, frequently, a reproach
or object of contempt. Jer. xxiv. — 3. In Scripture, it
sometimes signifies a moral sentence ormaximthatis enig-
matical ; a dark saying of the wise that requires interpreta-
tion. Prov. i. — 4. Proverbs, a canonical book cf the Old
Testament.
I PROVERB, t>. t. 1. To mention in a proverb. Milton. 2.
To provide with a proverb. Shak.
t PROVERB, V. i. To utter proverbs. Milton.
PRO-VERB'I-AL, a. 1. Mentioned in a proverb. 9. Com-
prised in a proverb ; used or current as a proverb. Pope.
3. Peitaining to proverbs ; resembling a proverb ; suitable
to a proverb.
PRO-VERB'I-AL-IST, n. One who speaks proverbs.
PRO-VERB'I-AL-IZE, v. t. To make a proverb ; to turn
into a proverb, or to use proverbially. [Unusual.]
PRO-VERB'I-x\L-LY, adv. In a proverb. Brown.
PRO-V[DE', t). «. [li. provideo ; it. pi'ovvedere.] 1. To pro-
cure beforehand ; to get ; to collect or make ready for
future use 5 to prepare. 2. To furnish ; to supply ; fol-
lovi^ed by with. 3. To stipulate previously. 4. To make
a previous conditional stipulation. 5. To foresee ; a Lat-
irdsm ; [obs.]—6. Provide, in a transitive sense, is followed
by against or for.
PRO-VlDE', V. i. To procure supplies or means of defense ;
or to take measures for counteracting or escaping an evil.
PRO-VlD'ED, pp. 1. Procured beforehand; made ready
for future use ; supplied ; furnislied ; stipulated. 2. Stip-
ulated as a condition, which condition is expressed in the
following sentence or words.
PROVI-DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. providentia.] I. The act of
providing or preparing for future use or application.
2. Foresight; timely care. — 3. In theology, the care and
superintendence which God exercises over his creatures.
4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns or in
private economy.
PROVIDENT, G. Foreseeing wants and making provision
to supply them ; forecasting ; cautious ; prudent in pre-
paring for future exigences.
PROV-I-DEN'TIAL, a. Eftected by the providence of God ;
referable to divine providence ; proceeding from div^ine
direction or superintendence.
PROV-I-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. By means of God's provi-
dence.
PROVI-DENT-LY, adv. With prudent foresight; with
wise precaution in preparing for the future.
PRO-VlD'ER, n. One who provides, furnishes or supplies ;
one that procures what is wanted. Shak.
PROVINCE,?;. [Fr. ;Li.p7-ovincia.] 1. Among the Rojnans,
a country of considerable extent, which, being reduced
under their dominion, was new-modeled, and subjected to
the command of an annual governor sent from Rome. — 2.
Among the modems, a country belonging to a kingdom or
state either by conquest or colonization, usually situated
at a distance from the kingdom or state, but more or less
dependent on it or subject to it. 3. A division of a king-
dom or state, of considerable extent. 4. A region of
country ; in a general sense ,■ a tract ; a large extent. 5.
The proper office or business of a person.
PRO-VIN'CIAL, a. I. Pertaining to a province, or relating
to it. 2. Appendant to the principal kingdom or state.
3. Not polished ; rude. 4. Pertaining to an ecclesiastical
province, or to the juilsdiction of an archbishop ; not ecu-
menical. ,
PRO-VIN'CIAL, w. ]. A spiritual governor. In Catholic
countries, one who has the direction of the several con-
vents of a province. 2. A person belonging to a province.
Burke.
PRO-VIN'CIAL-ISM, 11. A peculiar word or manner of
speaking in a province or district of country remote from
the principal country or from the metropolis.
PRO-VIN-CI-AL'I-TY, n. Peculiarity of language in a
province. Warton.
PRO-VIN'CIATE, V. t. To convert into a province.
PRO-ViNE', I', i. [Fr. provigner.] To lay a stock or branch
of a vine in the giound for propagation,
PROVING, j?pr. Trying; ascertaining; evincing; expe-
riencing.
PRO-Vi"SION, n. [Fr. ; L. provisio.] 1. The act of pro-
viding or making previous preparation. 2. Things
provided ; preparation ; measures taken beforehand,
either for security, defense or attack, or for the supply of
wants. 3. Stores provided ; stock. 4. Victuals ; food -
provender ; all manner of eatables for man and beast. 5
Previous stipulation ; terms or agreement made, or meas-
ures taken, for a future exigency.
PRO Vl'SION, V. i. To supply with victuals or food.
PRO-Vl"SION-AL, a. [Fr. provisionnel.] Provided for
present need or for the occasion ; temporarily established j
temporary.
PRO-Vl"SION-AL-LY, adv. By way of provision ; tempa-
rarUy ; for the present exigency. Locke.
PRO-Vl"SION-A-RY, a. Provisional; provided for the
occasion ; not permanent. Burke.
PRO-Vl'SO, 71. [L. provisus.] An article or clause in
any statute, agreement, contract, grant or other writing,
by which a condition is introduced ; a conditional stipula-
tion. _
PRO-Vl'SOR, n. [Fr. proviseur.] 1. In church affairs, a
person appointed by the pope to a benefice before the
death of the incumbent, and to the prejudice of the right-
ful patron. 2. The purveyor, steward or treasurer of a
religious house.
PRO-Vl'SO RY, a. ]. Making temporary provision; tern
porary. 2. Containing a proviso or condition ; conditional.
PROV-0-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. provocatio.] 1. Any
thing that excites anger ; the cause of resentment. 1 Kings
xxi. 2. The act of exciting anger. 3. An appeal to a
court or judge; [obs.] 4. Incitement; [obs.]
PRO-Vo'CA-TiVE, a. Exciting; stimulating; tending to
awaken or incite appetite or passion.
PRO-Vo'€A-TlVE, n. Any thing that tends to excite ap-
petite or passion ; a stimulant.
PRO-VO'€A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being provo-
cative or stimulating.
tPRO-Vo'€A TO-RY, ?!. [Fr. provocatoire.] A challenge
Cotgrave.
PRO-VoK'A-BLE, a. That may be provoked. Rawlins.
PRO-VOKE', v. t. [L. provoco ; Fr. provoquer ; It. provo-
care ; Sp. prcvocar.] 1. To call into action ; to arouse ; to
excite. 2. To make angry ; to offend ; to incense ; to en-
rage. 3. To excite ; to cause. 4. To excite ; to stimu-
late ; to increase. 5. To challenge. 6. To move ; to in-
cite ; to stir up ; to induce by motives. Rom. x. 7. To
incite ; to rouse.
t PRO-VoKE', V. i. To appeal. Dryden.
PRO-VoK'ED, (pro-vokt pp. Excited ; roused ; incited ;
madeangry ; incensed.
PRO-VoK'ER,ra. 1. One that excites anger or other pas-
sion ; one that excites war or sedition. 2. That which
excitej, causes or promotes. Shak.
PRO-VoK'ING, p;)r. I. Exciting into action ; inciting; in-
ducing by motives; making angry. 2. a. Having the
power or quality of exciting resentment ; tending to
awaken passion.
PRO-VoK'ING-LY, adv. In such amanner as to excite anger.
*PRO-VoST', (pro-vo') n. [Sax. profost, profast; Dan.
provst ; G. probst, propst ; Arm. provost.] A person who
is appointed to superintend or preside over sometliing ;
the chief magistrate of a city or town.
*PRO^VOST-SIIIP, n. The office of a provost. Hakewill.
*PROW, ?i. [Fr. proue ; It. prua and proda ; Sp. proa.] 1.
The forepart of a ship. — 2. In seamen^s language, tlie
beak or pointed cutwater of a xebec or galley. 3. The
name of a particular kind of vessel used in the East
Indian seas.
t PROW, a. Valiant. Spenser.
PROWESS, 71. [Fr. prouesse ; It.prodezza.] Bravery ; valor ;
particiilarlv , military bravery; gallantry; intrepidity iu
war ; fearlessness of danger.
t PROW'EST, a. [superl. of prow.] Bravest. Spenser.
PROWL, V. t. To rove over. Sidney.
PROWL, V. i. 1. To rove or wander, particularly for prey,
as a wild beast. Milton. 2. To rove and plunder ; to prey ;
to plunder.
PROWL, ?(. A roving for prey ; colloquially, something to
be seized and devoure'd.
PROWL'ER, n. One that roves about for prey. Thomson.
PROWL ING, ppr. Wandering about in search of prey or
plunder.
PROX'I-MAL. See Proximate.
PROX'I-MATE, a. [L. prozimus.] Nearest ; next.
PROX'I-MATE-LY, adv Immediately ; by immediate re-
lation to or effect on. Bentley.
t PROX'iME, a. Next ; immediately. Watts.
PROX-IM'I-TY, n. [Fr. proximite ; L. proximitas.] The
state of being next ; immediate nearness, either in place,
blood or alliance. Swift.
PROX'Y, n. [contracted from procuracy.] 1. The agency
of another who acts as a substitute for his principal ; agen ■
cy of a substitute ; appearance of a representative. 2.
The person who is substituted or deputed to act for another.
—3. In popular use, an election or day of voting for offi-
cers of government.
PROX'Y-SHIP, n. The office or agency of a proxy.
'\VFi\JCF, n. [from Prussia.] Prussian leather. Dr^/^ZeK. '
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; g as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, t Obsolite
PSA
ess
PUB
PRUDE, n. [Pr. prude ; D. prevtsck.] A woman of great
reserve, coyness, affected stiffness of manners and scru-
pulous nicety. Stcift.
PRU'DENCE, n. [Fr. 5 h. prudentia ; It. prudenza ; Sp. pru-
denda.] Wisdom applied to practice. Prudence implies
caution in deliberating and consulting on the most suita-
ble means to accomplish valuable purposes, and the exer-
cise of sagacity in discerning and selecting them. Pru-
dence differs from wisdom in this, that prudence implies
more caution and reserve than wisdom, or is exercised
more in foreseeing and avoiding evil, than in devising
and executing that which is good. It is sometimes mere
caution or circumspection.
PRu'DENT, a. I. Cautious ; ciicumspect ; practically wise ;
careful of the consequences of enterprises measures or
actions ; cautious not to act when the end is of doubtful
utility, or probably impracticable. 2. Dictated or directed
by pmdence. 3. Foreseeing by instinct. 4. Frugal j
economical. 5. Wise ; intelligent.
PRU-DEN'TIAL, a. 1. Proceeding from prudence ; dictated
or prescribed by prudence. 2. Superintending the dis-
cretionary concerns of a society. JV. England.
tPRU-DEN-TI-AL'l-TY,n. The quality of being pruden-
tial ; eligibility, on principles of prudence. Brown.
PRU-DEN'TIAJj-LY, a(f?). In conformity with prudence;
prudently. South.
PRU-DEN'TIALS,?7. plu. 1. Maxims of prudence or prac-
tical wisdom. 2. The subordinate discretionary concerns
and economy of a company, society or corporation. JV.
England.
PRu'DENT-LY, adv. 1. With prudence ; with due caution
or circumspection j discreetly ; wisely. 2. With frugality 3
economically.
PRu'DER-Y, 71. Affected scrupulousness ; excessive nicety
in condiict ; stiffness ; affected reserve or gravity ; coyness.
PRU'DISH, a. [fxam.prude.'] Affectedly grave; very for-
mal, precise or reserved. Garrick.
PRUNE, V. t. 1, To lop or cut off the superfluous branches
of trees, to make them bear better fruit or grow higher, or
to give them a more handsome and regular appearance.
?i._ To clear from any thing superfluous ; to dress ; to trim.
PRuNE, V. i. To dress ; to prink ; a ludicrous word.
PRtJNE, n. [Fr. prune; ll.,^'^. pruna; Li. prunum.'] A
plum, or a dried plum. Bacon.
PRUNED, pp. 1. Divested of superfluous branches ; trim-
nied. 2. Cleared of what is unsuitable or superfluous.
PRU'NEL, n. A plant. Amsworth.
PRU-NEL'LO, n. A kind of stuff of which clergymen's
gowns are made. Pope.
PRU-rvEL'LO, n. [Fr. prunelle.] A kind of plum.
PRuN'ER, n. One that prunes trees or removes what is
superfluous.
PRU-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [!•. prunum and fero.] Bearing plums.
PRuN'ING, ppr. Lopping off superfluous branches ; trim-
niing ; clearing of what is superfluous.
PRuN'ING, n. In gardening and agriculture, the lopping off
the superfluous branches of trees, either for improving the
trees or their fruit.
PRuN'ING-HOOK, ) n. An instrument used in pruning
PRUN'ING-KNIFE, I trees. Dryden.
PRu'RI-ENCE, I n. [L. pruriens.] An itching, longing
PRU'RI-EN-CY, ) desire or appetite for any thing. Swift.
PRu'RI-ENT, a. Itching ; uneasy with desire. Warton.
PRU-RIG'I-NOUS, a. [L. pruriginosus.'] Tending to an
itch. GreenhiU.
PRU-Rl'GO, w. [L.] Itch. Gregory.
PRuS'SIAN, (pru'shan) a. [from Prussia.] Pertaining to
Fmssia.— Prussian blue, a combination of iron witJi fer-
rocyanic acid.
PRUS'SIATE, n. A salt formed by the union of the prussic
acid, or coloring matter of prussian blue, with a salifiable
base.
PRuS'Sie, a. The prussic acid is a compound of kyanogen
or cyanogen, prussic gas and hydrogen, and hence called
hydrocyanic acid.
PRY, v.i. To peep narrowly ; to inspect closely; to at-
tempt to discover sometliing with scmtinizing curiosity,
whether impertinently or not.
PRY, n. Narrow inspection ; impertinent peeping. Smart.
PRY, V. t. To raise or attempt to raise with a lever. This
is the common popular pronunciation of j>rize, in .America.
The lever used is also called a. pry.
PRY IKG, ppr. Inspecting closely ; looking into with curi-
osity.
PRY'ING-LY, adv. With close inspection or impertinent
curiosity.
tR'Y'TANE, ) n. [Gr. -npvravig.] In ancient Greece, a
PRYT'A-NIS, \ president of the senate of five hundred.
\It is to be noted that, in words beginning with Ps and Ft, the
letter p has no sound.]
PSAL?I (sam) n. [L. psalmus.] A sacred song or hymn ;
a song composed on a divine subject and in praise of God.
PSALMIST, 71. 1. A writer or composer of sacred songs ; a
title particularly applied to David and the other authors
of the Scriptural psalms.— 2. In the chtrch of Rome^ a
clerk, precentor, singer or leader of music in the church
PSAL'MOD-I€ ' ( "" ^^l^^ting t® psalmody. Warton
PSAL'MO-DIST, n. One who sings holy songs. Hammond.
PSAL'MO-DY, n. The act, practice or art of singing sacred
songs.
PSAL-MOG'RA-PHER, ) n. A writer of psalms or divine
PSAL-MOG'RA-PHIST, \ songs and hymns.
PSAL-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ^/a\pos and ypa^w.] The
act or practice of writing psalms or sacred songs and
hymns.
PSAL'TER,n. [L. psalterium ; It., Sp. salterio,] 1. The
book of- Psalms ; often applied to a book containing the
Psalms separately printed.— 2. In Romish countries, a
large chaplet or rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty
beads, according to the number of the psalms.
PSAL'TER-Y, n. [Gr. ■t^/aXTrjpiov.] An instrument of mu-
sic used by the Hebrews, the form of which is not now
known.
PSAM'MITE, n. [Gr. rpaixfiog.] A species of micaceous
sandstone. Brongniart.
PSEU'DO, [Gr. xPevSog, false.] A prefix signifying false,
counterfeit or spurious.
PSEU'DO- A-POS'TLE, n. A false apostle ; one who falsely
pretends to be an apostle.
PSEu'DO-CHl'NA, n. The false China root, a plant of the
genus smilax, found in America. Encyc.
PSEu'DO-GA-Le'NA, n. False galena or black jack.
PSEU'DO-GRAPH, ) n. [Gr. ^^evSos and ypa<bT].] False
PSEU-DOG'RA-PHY, I writing.
PSEU-DOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. 4>£v5o\oyia.] Falsehood of
speech.
PSEu'DO-ME-TAL'Lie, a. Pseudo-metallic lustre is that
which is perceptible only when held towards the light.
PSEU-DO-MORPH'OUS, a. [pseudo, and Gr. ixopcpv] Not
having thetrue form.
PSEu'DO-Tl'NE-A, n. In natural history, the name of a
remarkable species of insect or larva, resembling a moth,
PSEu'DO-VOL-€AN'I€, a. Pertaining to or produced by a
pseudo-volcano. Cleaveland.
PSEu'DO-VOL-€a'NO, n. A volcano that emits smoke
and sometimes flame, but no lava ; also a burning mine of
coal.
PSHAW, exclam. An expression of contempt, disdain or
djslike.
PSo'AS, n. [Gr.] The name of two inside muscles of the
loins.
PSo'RA, n. [Gr.] The itch.
PSY-€HO-LOG'I€, ) a. Pertaining to a treatise on the
FSy-€HO-LOG'I-€AL, \ soul, or to the study of the soul
of man. Literary Mag.
PSY-€HOL'0-GY,7?. [Gr. ■i'v;^?? and \oyos.] A discourse
or treatise on the human soul ; the doctrine of the nature
and properties of the soul. Campbell.
PSY-€HOM'A-eHY, n. A conflict of the soul with the
body.
PSy'€HO-MAN-CY, m. Divination by consulting the soula
of the dead.
PTaR'MI-GAN, n. A fowl of the genus tetrao.
* PTIS'AN, (tiz'an) n. [L. ptisana.] A decoction of barley
with other ingredients. Arbuthnot.
PTOL-E-MA'ie, a. [{xom Ptolemy .] Pertaining to Ptolemy.
The Ptolemaic system, in astronomy, is that maintained by
Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in the centre
of the universe.
PTy'A-LISM, 71. [Gx. T^TuaXiainos.] In TKedJciTie, salivation ;
an unnatural or copious flow of saliva. Coze.
PTYS'MA-GOGUE, n. [Gr. -nrvafia and ayw.] A medicine
that promotes discharges of saliva. Diet.
PUB'ELE, a. Full ; fat. Grose.
PU'BER-TY, n. [L. pubertas.] The age at which persons
are_capable of procreating and bearing children.
Pu'BeS, n. [L.J In botany, the hairiness of plants; a
downy or villous substance which grows on plants ; pu-
bescence. Mart])n.
PU-BES'CENCE, n. [L. pubescens.] 1. The state of a youth
who has arrived at puberty ; or the state of puberty.
Brown.— 2. In botany, hairiness ; shagginess ; the hairy or
downy substance on plants.
PU-BES CENT, a. 1. Arriving at puberty. Brown.— 2. In
botany, covered with pubescence.
PUB'Lie, a. [L. publicws ; Sp. publico ; It. pubblico ; Fr.
publiqae.] 1. Pertaining to a nation, state or community ;
extending to a whole people. 2. Common to many ; cur-
rent or circulated among people of all classes ; general.
3. Open ; notorious ; exposed to all persons without re-
striction. 4. Regarding the community ; directed to the
interest of a nation, state or community. 5. Open for
general entertainment. 6. Open to common use . 7. In
general, public expresses something common to mankind
at large, to a nation, state, city or town, and is opposed
* See Synopsis
E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD :— j Obsolete.
PUD
653
PUG
to private.— Public law is often synonymous with the
law of nations.
PUB'Lie, n. The general body of mankind or of a nation,
state or community ; the people, indefinitely.— Jn public,
in open view ; before the people at large ; not in private.
PUB'LI€-HOUSE, n. A house of entertainment.
PUBiLl-€AN, n. [L. publicanus.] 1, A collector of toll or
tribute. 2. The keeper of a public house ; an inn-keeper.
PUB-LI-€a'TION, 71. [L. publicatio.] 1. The act of pub-
lishing or offering to public notice ; notification to a people
at large, either by words, writing or printing ; proclama-
tion ; divulgation ; promulgation. 2. The act of offering
a book or writing to the public by sale or by gratuitous
distribution. 3. A work printed and published; any
pamphlet or book offered for sale or to public notice.
f PUB'LI€-HEAK,T'ED, a. Public-spirited. Clarendon.
PUB'LI-CIST, n. A writer on the laws of nature and na-
tions ; one who treats of the rights of nations. Kent.
PUB-LIC'I-TY, K. [Fi. publicite.] The state of being public
or open to the knowledge of a community ; notoriety.
PUB'LI€-LY, adv. 1. Openly ; with exposure to popular
view or notice ; without concealment. 2. In the name
of the community.
PUB'LI€-MiND-ED, a. Disposed to promote the public in-
terest. [Little used.]
PUB'LI€-MlND'ED-NESS, n. A disposition to promote the
public weal or advantage. [Little used.] South.
PUB'LT€-NESS, n. 1. The state of being public, or open
to the view or notice of people at large. 2. State of be-
longing to the community.
PUB'Lie-SPIR'IT-ED, a. 1. Having or exercising a dis-
position to advance the mterest of the community ; dis-
posed to make private sacrifices for the public good. 2.
Dictated by a regard to public good.
PUB'LI€-SPIR'IT-ED-NESS, n. A disposition to advance
the public good, or a willingness to make sacrifices of
private interest to promote the common weal.
PUB LISH, V. t. [Fr. publier ; Sp. publicar ; It. pubblicare ;
L. publico.] 1, To discover or make known to mankind
or to people in general what before was private or un-
known ; to divulge, as a private transaction ; to promul-
gate or proclaim, as a law or edict. 2. To send a book
into the world ; or to sell or offer for sale a book, map or
print. 3. To utter 5 to put off or into circulation. Laws
of Mass. 4. To make known by posting, or by readmg
in a church.
PUB'LISHED, pp. Made known to the community ; di-
vulged ; promulgated ; proclaimed.
PUB'LISH-ER, n, 1. One who makes known what was
before private or unknown ; one that divulges, promul-
gates or proclaims. 2. One who sends a book or writing
into the world for common use ; one that offers a book,
pamphlet, &c., for sale. 3. One who utters, passes or
puts into circulation a counterfeit paper.
PUB'LISH-ING, ppr. Making known ; divulging ; promul-
gating ; proclaiming ; selling or offering publicly for sale ;
uttering.
PUB'LISH-MENT, n. In popular usage in JVew England, a
notice of intended marriage.
PU€-€OON', n. A plant, a species of sanguinaria; the
blood-root. Fam. of Plants.
PUCE, a. Of a dark brown color. Q,u.
PU'CEL-AGE, n. [Fr.] A state of virginity. [Little used.]
Robinson.
Pu'CE-RON, n. [Fr.] The name of a tribe of small insects ;
the aphis, vine-fretter, or plant-louse.
PU€K, n. [Ice., Sw. puke ; Scot, puck.] A demon ; a mis-
chievous spirit. Shak.
PU€K'-BALL, or PU€K'-FIST, n. [from puck.] A kind
of mushroom full of dust. Diet.
PU€K'ER, V. t. [Sp. buche.] To gather into small folds or
wrinkles ; to contract into ridges and furrows ; to corru-
gate.
PU€K'ER, n. A fold or wrinkle, or a collection of folds.
PU€K ERED, pp. Gathered in folds : wrinkled.
PU€KER-ING, ppr. Wrinkhng.
PUD'DER, n. [this is supposed to be the same as pother.]
A tumult ; a confused noise ; a bustle. [ Vulgar.] Locke.
PUD'DER, V. i. To make a tumult or bustle. Locke.
PUD'DER, V. t. To perplex ; to embarrass ; to confuse ;
vulgarly, to bother. Locke.
PUD'DING, n. [W. poten ; Fr. boudin ; G,, Dan. pudding ;
Sw. puding.] 1. A species of food of a soft or moderately
hard consistence, variously made, but iisually a com-
pound of flour, or meal of maize, with milk and eggs,
sometinles enriched with raisins and called plum-pudding.
2. An intestine. Shak. 3. An intestine stuffed with
meat, &c. now called a sausage. 4. Proverbially, food
or victuals.
PUD'DING, or PUD'DEN-ING, n. In seamen's language,
a thick wreath or circle of cordage, tapering from the
middle towards the ends, and fastened about the mast
below the trusses, to prevent the yards from falling down
when the ropes sustaining them are shot away.
PlJD'DIJNiG-GRASS, n. A plant of the genus mentha
PUD'DING-GROSS, n. A plant. Qu. Johnson.
P?JD'DING-PiE, n. A pudding with meat baked in it.
P]fJD'DING PIPE-TREE, n. A plant of the genus cassia.
PIJD'DING-SLEEVE, n. A sleeve of the full dress clerical
gown. Swift.
PJJD'DING-STONE, n. Conglomerate ; a coarse sandstone
composed of silicious pebbles, flint, &;c, united by a cem-
ent. Cleaveland.
PUD DING-TlME, n. 1. The tun^ of dinner, pudding be-
ing formerly the first dish set on the table, or rather first
eaten. 2. The nick of time ; critical time.
PUD'DLE, n. [Ir. boidhlia ; G. pfiltze.] A small stand of
dirty water ; a muddy plash, .dddison.
PUD'DLE, V. t. 1. To make foul or muddy ; to pollute
with dirt ; to mix dirt and water. 2. To make thick or
close.
PUD'DLE, V. i. To make a dirty stir. Junius.
PUD DLED, pp. Made muddy or foul.
PUD'DLING, ppr. Making muddy or dirty.
PUD'DLY, a. Muddy ; foul ; dirty. Carew.
PUD'DOCK, or PUR'ROCK, n. [foi paddock, or parrock.^
A small inclosure. [Provincial in England.]
Pu'DEN-CY, n. [L pudens.] Modesty j shamefacednesH
Shak.
PU-DEN'DA, n.plu. [L.] The parts of generation.
PU'DIC, } a. [L. pudicus.] Pertaining to the parts which
PU'DI-€AL, \ modesty requires to be concealed.
PU-DIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. pudicite ; L. pudicitia.] Modesty ;
chastity. Howell.
PuE'-FEL-LoW. See Pew-fellow.
Pu'E-RlLE, a. [Fr. ; L. puerilis.] Boyish : childish ; tri-
fling ; as, apuerile amusement. Pope
PU-E-RIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. puerilite ; L. puenlitas.] 1. Child-
ishness ; boyishness ; the manners or actions of a boy j
that which is trifling. — 2. In discotirse, a thought or ex-
pression which is flat, insipid or childish.
PU-ER'PE-RAL, a. [L. 2-uerpera.] Pertaining to child-
birth ; as, a puerperal fever.
PU-ER'PE-ROUS, a. [L. puerperus.] Bearing children;
lying in.
Pu'ET. SeePEWET,
PUFF, n. [D.pofj G., Dan. puff.] 1. A sudden and single
emission of breath from the mouth ; a quick forcible blast
a whiff. 2. A sudden and short blast of wind. 3. A
fungous ball filled with dust. 4. Any thing light and
porous, or something swelled and light. 5. A substance
of loose texture, used to sprinkle powder on the hair. 6.
A tumid or exaggerated statement or commendation.
Gibber.
PUFF, V. i. [G.puffen; B. poffen.] 1. To drive air from
the mouth m a single and quick blast. 2. To swell the
cheeks with air. 3. To blow, as an expression of scorn or
contempt. 4. To breathe with vehemence, as after vio-
lent exertion. 5. To do or move with hurry, agitation
and a tumid, bustling appearance. 6. To swell with air ;
to dilaie or inflate.
PUFF, V. t. 1. To drive with a blast of wind or air. 2. To
swell ; to inflate ; to dilate with air. 3. To swell ; to
inflate ; to blow up. 4. To drive with a blast in scorn or
contempt. 5. To praise with exaggeration.
PUFF'-BALL, n. A fungus or mushroom full of dust.
PUFFED, "jj/?. Driven out suddenly, as air or breath ; blown
up ; swelled with air ; inflated with vanity or pride ;
praised.
PUFF'ER, n. One that puffs ; one that praises with noisy
commendation.
PUFF'IN, 71. 1. A water-fowl of the genus alca or auk. 2.
A kind of fish. 3. A kind of fungus with dust ; a fuzzball
PUFF'IN-AP-PLE, n. A sort of apple so caHed.
PUFF'I-NESS, n. State or quality of being turgid.
PUFF'ING, ppr. Driving out the breath with a single, sud-
den blast ; inflating ; praising pompously.
PUFF'ING-LY, fldy. ]. Tumidly ; with swell. 2. With
vehement breathing or shortness of breath.
PUFF'Y, a. 1. Swelled with air or any soft matter ; tumid
with a soft substance. 2. Tumid ; turgid ; bombastic.
PUG, n. [Sax., Ew.piga; Dan. ^i^e.] The name given to
a little animal treated with familiarity, as a monkey, or
a little dog.
tPUG'GERED, for puckered. More
PUGH, exclam. A word used in contempt or disdain.
PU'GIL, n. [It. pugillo ; Fr. pugile ; L. pugillum.] As
much as is taken up between the thumb and two first
fingers. Bacon.
PU'GIL-ISM, n. [li.,^T^.pugil,] The practice of boxing or
fighting with the fist.
PU'GIL-IST, n. A boxer ; one who fights with his fists.
PU-6IL-IS'TI€, a. Pertaining io boxing or figl^ting with
the fist.
PUG-Na'CIOUS, a. [L. pugnax.] Disposed to fight ; in-
clined to fighting; quarrelsome; fighting. More.
PUG-NAC'I-TY, n. Incliaarion to fight ; quarrelsomeness
[Little used.] Bacon.
■■ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TII as in this, t Obsolete
PUL
654
PUN
PCIS'NE, (pu'ny) a [Fr. pvis and ne.] 1. In laic^ younger
or inferior in rank 2. Later in date ; [o&s.l Hale.
* PU'IS-SANCE, n. [Fr.] Power; strength; might; force.
Milton.
•PD'IS-SANT, a. Powerful; strong; mighty; forcible.
Milton.
* Pd'IS-SANT-LY, adv. Powerfully ; with great strength.
PUKE, ?;. i. [Heb. p3 ; L. vacm.] To vomit ; to eject from
the stomach. Shak.
PUKE, 71. A vomit ; a medicine which excites vomiting.
PUKE, a. Of a color between black and russet. Shak.
PUKED, pp. Vomited.
PuK'ER, 71. A medicine causing vomiting.
PuK'ING, ppr. Vomiting.
PUL'€HRI-TUDE, n. [L. pulchritudo.] 1. Beauty; hand-
someness ; grace ; comeliness ; that quality of form which
pleases the eye. 2. Moral beauty ; those qualities of the
mind which good men love and approve.
PULE, V. i. [Fr. piauler.] 1. To ciy like a chicken. 2.
To whine ; to cry as a complaining child ; to whimper.
PD'LI€, 71. A plant. Ainsworth.
t Pd'LI-€OSE, ; a. [L. pulicosus.'] Abounding with fleas.
t PU'LI-€0US, \ Diet.
PUL'ING, ppr. Crying like a chicken ; whining.
PuL'ING, n. A cry, as of a chicken ; a whining.
PuL'ING-LY, adv. With whining or complaint.
Pu'Ll-OL, 71. A plant. Ainsworth.
PULK'HA, 11. A Laplander's traveling sled or sleigh.
PjjLL, V. t. [Sax. pullian.'] 1. To draw ; to draw towards
one, or to make an effort to draw. Pull differs from draw ;
we use draw when motion follows the effort, and pull is
used in the same sense ; but we may also pull forever
without drawing or moving the thing. This distinction
may not be universal. Pull is opposed to push. 2. To
pluck ; to gather by drawing or forcing off or out. 3. To
tear ; to rend ; but in lliis sense followed by some qualifj^-
ing word or phrase.
To pull down. I. To demolish or to take in pieces by separ-
ating the parts. 2. To demolish ; to subvert ; to destroy.
3. To bring down; to degrade ; to humble. — To pull off,
to separate by pulling ; to pluck ; also, to take off without
force. — To pull out, to draw out ; to extract. — To pull zip,
to pluck up ; to tear up by the roots ; hence, to extii-pate ;
to eradicate ; to destroy.
PULL, 71. 1. The act of pulling or drawing with force ; an
effort to move by drawing towards one.- 2. A contest ; a
struggle. 3. Pluck; violence suffered.
PULL'BA€K, n. That which keeps back, or restrains from
proceeding.
PULLED, pp. Drawn towards one ; plucked.
t PULL'EN, 71. [Fr. poule ; L. pidlus.] Poultry. Bailezj.
PULL'ER, n. One that pulls. Shak.
PiJLL'ET, 71. [Fr. poulet ; It. polio ; L. pullus.] A young
hen or female of the gallinaceous kind of fowls.
PULL'EY, n. ; pZw. Pulleys. [Fr. poulie ; Sp. polla ; L.
polus.] A small wheel turning on a pin in a block, with a
furrow or groove in which runs the rope that turns it.
PUL'LI-€AT, 71. A kind of silk handkerchief.
PIJLL'ING, ppr. Drawing ; making an effort to draw ;
plucking.
PUL'LU-LATE, v. i. [L. pullulo.j To germinate ; to oud.
PUL-LU-La'TION, 71. A germinating or budding; the
first shooting of a bud. More.
PUL'MO-NA-RY, a. [L. pulmonarius.] Pertaining to the
lungs ; affecting the lungs.
PUL'MO-NA-RY, n. [L. pulmonaria.] A plant, lungwort.
PUL-MON'ie, a. [Fr. pulmonique.] Pertaining to the lungs;
affecting the lungs.
PUL-]\ION'I€, n. 1. A medicine for diseases of the lungs.
2. One affected by a disease of the lungs. Arbuthnot.
PULP, n. [Fr. pulpe; L..pulpa.] 1. A soft mass. 2. The
soft substance within a bone ; marrow. 3. The soft,
succulent, part of fruit. 4. The aril or exterior covering
of a coffee-berry.
PULP, V. t. To deprive of the pulp or integument, as the
coffee-berry.
PUL'PIT, 71. [L. pulpitum ; It., Sp. pulpito ; Fr. pupitre.]
i. An elevated place or inclosed stage in a church, in
which the preacher stands. It is called, also, a desk. — 2.
In the Roman theatre, the pulpitum was the place where
the players performed their parts, lower than the scena,
and higher than the o?-cAest?-a. 3. A movable desk, from
which disputants pronounced their dissertations, and au-
thors recited their works.
PUL'PJT-EL'0-aUENCE, or PUL'PIT-OR'A-TO-RY, n.
Eloquence or oratory in delivering sermons.
P1jL-PIT'I-€AL-LY, in Chesterfield, is not an authorized
word.
PUL'PIT-OE'A-TOR, n. An eloquent preacher.
PtJLP'OUS, a. Consisting of pulp or resembling It ; solt
like pap. Philips.
f ULP'OUS-NESS, 71. Softness ; the quality of being pulp-
ous.
PULP'Y, a. Like pulp; soft; fleshy ; succulent. Rap
PULS'ATE, V. i. [L. pulsatus.] To beat or throb.
PULS'A-TlLE, a. [L. pulsatilis.] That is or may be struck
or beaten ; played by beating. Mus. Diet.
PUL-Sa'TION, n. [L, pulsatio.] 1. The beating or throb-
bing of the heart or of an artery, in the process of carrying
on the circulation of the blood. — 2. In law, any touching
of another^s body willfully or in anger.
PULS'A-TlVE, a. Beating ; throbbing. Encyc.
PUL-Sa'TOR, n. A beater ; a striker. Diet.
PULS'A-TO-RY, a. Beating ; throbbing, as the heart.
PULSE, (puis) 71. [L. pulsus; Fr. pouls.] 1. In animals,
the beating or throbbing of the heart and arteries ; inore
particularly, the sudden dilatation of an artery, caused by
the projectile force of the blood, which is perceptible to
the touch. 2. The stroke with which a medium is af-
fected by the motion of light, sound, &c. ; oscillation ;
vibration. — To feel one^s pulse, metaphorically, \o sound
one's opinion ; to try or to know one's mind.
PULSE, V. i. To beat, as the arteries. [Little used.] Ray.
PULSE, V. t. [L. pulso.] To drive, as the pulse. [L. u.]
PULSE, n. [qu. L. pulsus.] Leguminous plants or their
seeds ; as beans, peas, &c. Dryden.
PUL-SIF'I€, a. [puZse, and L./acio.] Exciting the pulse ;
causing pulsation. Smith.
PUL'SIOJN, 71. [from Ju. pulsus.] The act of driving for-
ward ; in opposition to suction or traction. [L. u.] More.
PUL-Ta'CEOUS, a. [from Gr. TioXrog ,• L. puis.] Macer-
ated ; softened ; nearly fluid. Beddoes.
PUL'TISE, n. [Ij.pultis.] A poultice. Burton.
PUL'VER-A-BLE, a. [L. pulvis.] That may be reduced to
fine powder ; capable of being pulverized.
PUL'VER-ATE, v. t. To beat or reduce to powder or dust.
?SL™:Si:,|'^-^i^^^«f^^'-iiia
PUL-VER-I-Za'TION, 71. [from pulverize.] The act of re-
ducing to dust or powder.
PUL'VER-IZE, ?j. t. [It. polverizzare ; Fr. pulveriser.] To
reduce to fine powder, as by beatine, grinding, &c.
PUL'VER-lZED, pp. Reduced to fine" powder.
PUL'VER-lZ-ING, ppr. Reducing to fine powder.
PUL'VER-OUS, a. Consisting of dust or powder; like
powder.
PUL-VER'U-LENCE, n. Dustmess ; abundance of dust or
powder.
PUL-VER'U-LENT, a. 1. Dusty ; consisting of fine pow-
der ; powdery. 2. Addicted to lying and rolling in the
dust, as fowls.
PUL'VIL, n. A sweet-scented powder. [L. u.] Gay.
t PUL'VIL, V. t. To sprinkle with a perfumed powder.
PD'MA, n. A rapacious quadruped of America.
* PUM'iCE, 71. [Li. pumex ; D, puimsteen.] A substance
frequently ejected from volcanoes, of various colors, gray
white, reddish-brown or black ; hard, rough and porous
specifically lighter than water, and resembling the slag
produced in an iron furnace.
* PUM'iCE-STONE, n. The same as pumice.
PU-Mi"CEOUS, a. Pertaining to pumice; consisting of
pumice or resembling it.
PUM'MEL. See Pommel.
PUMP, 71. [Fr. po7npe ; B. pomp ; Ban. pomp e.] 1. A hy-
draulic engine for raismg water. 2. A shoe with a thin
sole. Swift.
PUMP, v.i. To work a pump ; to raise water with a pump.
PUMP, V. t. 1. To raise with a pump. 2.' To draw out by
artful interrogatories. 3. To examine by artful questions
for the purpose of drawing out secrets.
PUMP '-Bolts, n. Two pieces of iron, one used to fasten
the pump-spear to the brake, the other as a fulcrum for
the brake to work upon.
PUMP'-BRaKE, 71. The arm or handle of a pump.
PUMP'-DaLE, n. A long wooden tube, used to convey the
water from a chain-pump across the ship and through the
side.
PUMP'ER^ n. The pei-son or the instrument that pumps.
PUMP'-GeAR, 71. The materials for fitting and repairing
pumps.
PUMP'-HOOD, 7?. A semi-cylindrical frame of wood, cov-
ering the' upper wheel of a chain-pump.
PUMP'ION, n. [D. pompoen ; Sw. pomp.] A plant and its
fruit, of the genus cucurbita.
PUMP'KIN, 71. A pompion. [ This is the convmon orthogra-
phy of the_word in the United States.]
PUMP -SPeAR, n. The bar to which the upper box of a
pumr is fc-stened, and which is attached to the brake or
handle. Mar. Diet.
PUN, 71. [qu. W. pun.] An expression in which a word
has at once different meanings ; an expression in which
two different applications of a word present an odd or
ludicrous idea ; a kind of quibble or equivocation ; a low
species of wit.
PUN, V. i. To quibble ; to use the same word at once in
different senses. Dryden.
PUN, V. t. To persuade by a pun. Addison.
"^ce Synopsis. A, E, I, C, tj, ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
PUN
655
PUR
t UNCH, n. [W. pwnc ; Arm. poengonn ; Fr. poingon ; Sp.
punzon.] An instrument of iron or steel, used in several
arts for perforating holes in plates of metal, and so con-
trived as to cut out a piece.
PUNCH, 71. [Sp. ponche ; G. punsch.] A drink composed of
water sweetened with sugar, with a mixture of lemon-
juice and spirit. Swift.
PUNCH, n. The buffoon or harlequin of a puppet-show.
See Punchinello.
PUNCH, n. 1. A well-set horse with a short back, thin
shoulders, broad neck, and well covered with flesh. 2. A
short, fat fellow.
PUNCH, V. t. [Sp. punzar ; W. pynciaw : L. pungo.] 1. To
perforate with an iron instrument, either pointed or not.
— 2. In popular usage, to thrust against with something
obtuse.
PUNCH'BoWL, m. A bowl in which punch is made, or
from which it is drank.
PUNCHED, pp. Perforated wdth a punch.
PUNCH'EON, (puuch'un) n. [Ft. poingon.] 1. A small piece
of steel, on the end of which is engraved a figure or letter,
in creux or relievo, with which impressions are stamped
on metal or other substance ; used in coinage, in forming
the matrices of types, and in various arts. — 2. In carpen-
try, a piece of timber placed upright between two posts,
whose bearing is too great, 3. A measure of liquids, or a
cask containing usually 120 gallons.
PUNCH'ER, n. 1. One that punches. 2. A punch or per-
forating instrument.
PUN-CHI-NEL'LO, n A punch j a buffoon. Tatler.
PUNCH'ING, ppr. Perforating with a punch ; driviisg
against.
PUNCH'Y, a. Short and thick, or fat.
PUNCTATE, ) a. [L. punctus.] 1. Pointed.— 2. In bot-
PUN€'TA-TED, j any, perforated ; full of small holes.
PUN€'TI-FORM, a. [L. punctum, and form.] Havmg the
form of a point. Ed. Encyc.
PUN€-TIL'iO, (punk-til'yo) w. \^^.puntilla; It. puntiglio.]
A nice point of exactness in conduct, ceremony or pro-
ceedijig ; particularity or exactness in forms. Addison.
PUNC-TIL'IOUS, (punk-til'yus) a. Very nice or exact in
the forms of behavior, ceremony or mutual intercourse ;
very exact in the observance of rules prescribed by law or
custom ; sometimes, exact to excess. Rogers.
PUN€-TIL'IOUS-LY, adv. With exactness or great nicety.
PUN€-TIL'IOUS-NESS, n. Exactness in the observance
of forms or rules ; attentive to nice points of behavior or
ceremony.
FUNCTION, n. [L. punctio.] A puncture.
PUNCTO, n. [Sp., It. pMwio; lu. punctum.] 1. Nice point
of form or ceremony. 2. The point in fencing.
PUNCT'U-AL, a. [Fx. ponctuel ; It. puntuale jBp.puntuaL]
1. Consisting in a point ; [l.u.] 2. Exact; observant of
nice points ; punctilious, particularly in observing time,
appointments or promises. 3. Exact. 4. Done at the
exact time.
PUNCT'U-AL-IST, n. One that is very exact in observing
forms and ceremonies. Milton.
PUN€T-U-AL'I-TY, n. 1. Nicety ; scrupulous exactness.
2. It is now used chiefly in regard to time.
PUNCT'U-AL-LY, adv. Nicely ; exactly ; with scrupulous
regard to time, appointments, promises or rules.
PUNCT'U-AL-NESS, n. Exactness ; punctuality. Felton.
PUN€T'U-ATE, v. t. [Fr. ponctuer.] To mark with points;
to designate sentences, clauses or other divisions of a
writing by points, which mark the proper pauses.
PUN€T'U-A-TED, pp. 1. Pointed. Fourcroy. 2. Having
the divisions marked with points.
PUN€T'U-A-TING, ppr. Marking with points.
PUN€T-U-A'TION, n. In grammar, the act or art of point-
ing a writing or discourse.
t PUNCT'U-LATE, v. t. [L. punctulum.] To mark with
small spots. Woodward.
PUNCT'URE, n. [lu. punctura ; It. puntura.] The act of
perforating with a pointed instrument; or a small hole
made by it. Rambler.
PUNCT'URE, V. t. To prick ; to pierce with a small, point-
ed instrument.
PUNCT'URED, pp. Pricked ; pierced with a sharp point.
PUN€T'U-RING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp point.
PUN'DIT, n. [Persic] In Hindostan, a learned Bramin ;
one versed ni the Sanscrit language, and in the science,
laws and religion of that country.
• PUN'DLE, n. A short and fat woman. Aiiisworth.
PUN'GAR, n. A fish. Ainsworth.
PUN'GEN-CY, n. [It.pungens.] I. The power of pricking
or piercing. 2. That quality of a substance which pro-
duces the sensation of pricking, or affecting the taste like
minute sharp points ; sharpness ; acridness^ 3. Power to
pierce the mind or excite keen reflections or remorse. 4.
Acrimoniousness ; keenness.
PUN'GENT, a. [L. pungens.] 1. Pricking ; stimulating.
2. Acrid ; affecting the tongue like small, sharp points.
3. Piercing ; shaip. 4. Acrimonious ; biting.
[ PUN'6ER, v. t. To puz2B.e ; to confound. Cheshire Oloss.
PU'NI€, a. [Lu Punicv^.] Pertaining to the Carthaginians ;
faitluess; treacherous; deceitful; as, Punic faith.
PU'NI€, n. The ancient language of the Carthaginians, of
which Plautus has left a specimen. Asiat. Res.
t PU'NiCE, n. A wall -louse ; a bug. Ainsworth.
PU-Nl"CEOUS, a. llu.puniceus.] Purple. Diet.
PU'NI-NESS, m. Littleness ; pettmess ; smallness with feo-
bleness.
PUN'ISH, v.t. [Arm. punigza ; Fr.punir,punissant; It
punire ; Sp. punir; from L. punio.] 1. To pain ; to afflict
with pain, loss or calamity for a crime or fault. 2. To
cheistise. 3. To reward with pain or suffering inflicted
on the offender.
PUN'ISH-A-BLE, a. 1. Worthy of punishment. 2. Liable
to punishment; capable of being punished by law or
right.
PUN'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving or
being liable to punishment.
PUN'ISHED, pp. Afflicted with pain or evil as the retribu-
tion of a crime or offense ; chastised.
PUN'ISH-ER, 7t. One that inflicts pain, loss or other evil
for a crime or offense. Milton.
FVN'ISH-ING, ppr. Afflicting with pain, penalty or suffer-
ing of any kind, as the retribution of a crime or offense.
PUN'ISH-MENT, n. Any pain or suffering inflicted on a
person for a crime or offense, by the authority to which
the offender is subject, either by the constitution of God
or of civil society.
PU-NI"T.ION, 71. [Fr.; L. punitic] Punishment. [L. u.]
PU'NI-TlVE, a. [It. punitivo.] Awarding or inflictmg pur-
jshment ; that punishes. Hammond.
PU'NI-TO-RY, a. Punishing or tending to punishment
PUNK, n. A prostitute ; a strumpet. Shak.
PUN'NER, 71. A punster, which see. Steele.
PUN'NING, ppr. Using a word at once in different senses.
PUN'NING, 71. The art or practice of using puns.
PUN'STER, 71. One that puns or is skilled in punning ; a
quibbler; a low wit. Arbuihnot.
PUNT, V. i. To play at basset and ombre. Addison.
PUNT, 72. [Sax. punt; Ij. pons.] A flat-bottomed boat used
in calking and repairing ships. Mar. Diet.
PUNT'ER, 71. One that plays in basset against the banker
or dealer. Encyc.
Pu'NY, a. [contracted from Fr. puisne.] I. Properly, young
or younger; hut in this sense not used. 2. Inferior,
petty ; of an under rate ; small and feeble.
Pu'NY, n. A young, inexperienced person ; a novice. South.
PUP, V. i. To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of
the canine species.
PUP, n. A puppy.
Pu'PA, n. [L. pupa.] In natural history, an insect in that
state in which it resembles an infant in swaddling
clothes.
PU'PIL, n. [L. pupilla.] The apple of the eye.
Pu'PIL, n. [Fr. pupille ; L. pupillus.] 1. A youth or scholar
of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor.
2. A ward ; a youth or pereon under the care of a guar-
dian. — 3. In the civil law, a boy or girl under the age of
pubert}'.
Pu'PIL-AGE, 71. 1. The state of being a scholar, or under
the care of an instructor for education and discipline.
2. Wardship ; minority. In this latter sense, the Scots
use pupil arity. Beattie.
Pu'PIL-A-RY, a. [Fr. pupillaire ; L, pupillaris.] Pertaining
to a pupil or ward. Johnson.
PU-PIV'0-ROUS, a. [pupa, and L. voro.] Feeding on the
larvas and crysalids of insects. S. L. Mitchill.
PUP'PET, n. [Fr. poupee ; L. pupus.] I. A small image in
the human form, moved by a wire in a mock drama ; a
wooden tragedian. 2. A doll. 3. A word of contempt.
Shak.
PUP'PET-MAN, or PUP'PET-MAS-TER, n. The master
of a puppet-show. Swift.
PUP'PET-PLaY-ER, n. One that manages the motions of
puppets. Hales.
PUP'PET-RY,_7i. Affectation. Marston.
PUPTET-SHoW, 71. A mock drama performed by wooden
images moved by wires. Swift.
PUP'PY, 71. 1. A whelp ; the young progeny of a bitch or
female of the canine species.— 2. Applied to persons, a
name expressing extreme contempt. Addison.
PUP'PY, V. i. To bring forth whelps.
PUP'PY-ISM, n. 1. Extreme meanness. 2. Extreme affec-
tation. Todd.
PUR, V. i. To utter a low, munnuring, continued sound, asj
a cat.
PUR, V. t. To signify by purring. Oray.
PUR, «. The low, murmuring, continued sound of a cat.
PU-Ra'NA, 71. Among the Hindoos, a sacred poem or book
Asiat. Res.
PU-RAN'I€, a. Pertaining to the sacred poems of the Hin-
doos. Asiat. Res.
PUR'BECK-STONE, n. A hard sand-stone. Mchclson
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE j— BTJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z •, CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
PUR
656
PUR
PUR'BLiND, a. [said to be from pore and hlind.'] Near-
sighted or dim-sighted j seeing obscurely. Shak.
PLTR'BLlND-NES'S, n. Shortness of sight j near-sighted-
ness ; dimness of vision.
PUR'CHAS-A-BLE, a. [from purchase.'] That may be
bought, purchased or obtained for a consideration.
PUR'CHASE, V. t. [Ft. pourchasser.'] 1. In its primary and
legal sense, to gain, obtain or acquire by any means, ex-
cept by descent or hereditary right. — 2. In common usage,
to buy 3 to obtain property by paying an equivalent in
money. Ii differs from barter only in the circumstance,
that in purchasing, the price or equivalent given or secur-
ed is money J in bartering, the equivalent is given in
goods. 3. To obtain by an expense of labor, danger or
other sacrifice. 4. To expiate or recomptense by a fine or
forfeit. 5. To sue out or procure, as a writ.
PUR'CHASE, V, i. In seamen's language, to draw in.
PUR'CHASE, n. [Norm., Fr. pourchas, or purchas.] 1. In
law, the act of obtaining or acquiring the title to lands
and tenements by money, deed, gift or any means, ex-
cept by descent ; the acquisition of lands and tenements
by a man's own act or agreement. — 2. In law, the suing
out and obtaining a writ. — 3. In common usage, the ac-
quisition of the title or property of any thing by rendering
an equivalent in money. 4. That which is purchased ;
any thing of which the property is obtained by giving an
equivalent price in money. 5. That which is obtained by
labor, danger, art, &c. 6. Formerly, robbery, and the
thing stolen. 7. Any mechanical power or force applied
to the raising or removing of heavy bodies.
PUR 'CHASED, pp. 1. Obtained or acquired by one's own
act or agreement. 2. Obtained by paying an equivalent
in money. 3. Obtained by labor, danger, art, &c.
PUR'CHASE-M6N-EY, n. The money paid for any thing
bought. Berkeley.
PUR'CHAS-ER, n. 1. In law, one who acquires or obtains
by conquest or by deed or gift, or in any manner other
than by descent or inheritance. 2. One who obtains orac-
quii-es the property of any thing by paying an equivalent
in money.
PUR'CHAS-ING, ppr. Buying ; obtaining by one's own act
or for a price.
PURE, a, [L, purus; It., Sp. pure ; Fr. pur.] 1. Separate
from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter ; clear ; free
from mixture. 2. Free from moral defilement ; without
spot ; not sullied or tarnished ; incorrupt ; undebased by
moral turpitude ; holy. 3. Genuine ; real ; true ; incor-
rupt; unadulterated. 4. Unmixed; separate from any
other subject or from every thmg foreign. 5. Free from
guilt ; guiltless ; innocent. 6. Not vitiated with improper
or coiTupt words or phrases. 7. Disinterested. 8. Chaste.
9. Free from vice or moral turpitude. Tit. i. 10. Cere-
monially clean; unpolluted. Ezra vi. 11. Free from any
thing improper. 12. Mere ; absolute ; that and that only ;
unconnected with any thmg else.
\'PI}RE,v. t. To purify ; to cleanse. Chaucer.
PuRE'LY, adv. 1. In a pure manner ; with an entire sepa-
ration of heterogeneous or foul matter. Is. i. 2. Without
any mixture of improper or vicious words or phrases. 3.
Innocently ; without guilt. 4. Merely ; absolutely ; with-
out connection with any thing else ; completely ; totally.
PuRE'NESS, n. 1. Clearness ; an unmixed state ; separation
or freedom from any heterogeneous or foreign matter.
2. Freedom from moral turpitude or guilt. 3. Simplicity ;
freedom from mixture or composition. 4. Freedom from
vicious or improper words, phrases or modes of speech.
PURE VIL'LEN-AGE, in the feudal laic, is a tenure of
lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord. Black-
stone.
\ PUR'FiLE, n. [Fr. pourfilee.] A sort of ancient trimming
for women's gowns, made of tinsel and thread, called
also bobbin work.
\ PUR'FLE, V. t. [Fr. pour filer ; It. profilare.] To decorate
with a wrought or flowered border ; to embroider. Milton.
PUR'FLE, In. 1. A border of embroidered work. — 2. In
PUR'FLEW, ) heraldry, ermins, peans or furs which
compose a bordure.
PURG'A-MENT, n. [L. purgdmen.] A cathartic. Bacon.
PUR-GA'TION, n. [Fr.; L. purgatio.] 1. The act or oper-
ation of cleansing or purifying by separating and carrying
off impurities or whatever is superfluous. — 2. In late, the
act of cleansing from a crime, accusation or suspicion of
guilt.
PURG'A-TiVE, a. [It. purgativo ; Fr. purgatif.] Having
the power of cleansing ; usually, having the power of
evacuatiri^g the bov/els ; cathartic.
PURG'A-TlVE, n. A medicine that evacuates the bowels ;
a cathartic.
FulGlt^g'lJlN, i^- Pertaining to purgatory. Mede.
PURG'A-TO-RY, a. [L. purgatoriiLs.] Tending to cleanse ;
cleansing ; expiatory. Burke.
FiJRG'A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. purgatoire.] Among Catholics, a
' place or state after death, in which the souls of
persons are purified, or in which they expiate such of-
fenses committed in this life, as do not merit eternal
damnation.
PURGE, (purj) V. t. [L. purgo : Fr. purger ^ Sp. pur gar ■
It. purgare.] 1. To cleanse or purify by separating and
carrying off whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign
or superfluous. 2. To clear from guilt or moral defile-
ment. 3. To clear from accusation or the charge of a
crime, as in ordeal. 4. To remove what is offensive ; to
sweep away impurities. 5. To clarify ; to defecate ; as
liquors.
PURGE, V. i. I. To become pure by clarification. 2. To
have frequent or preternatural evacuations by stool
PURGE, n. A medicine that evacuates the body by stool ; a
cathartic. Arbuthnot.
PURGED, pp. Purified; cleansed; evacuated.
PURG'ER, n. 1. A person or thing that purges or cleanses.
2. A cathartic.
PURG'ING, ppr. Cleansing ; purifying ; carrying off impu-
rities or superfluous matter.
PURG'ING, n. A diarrhea or dysentery ; preternatural
evacuation by stool ; looseness of bowels.
PU-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.; 1,. purificatio.] 1. The act of
purifying ; the act or operation of separating and remo-
ving from any thing that which is heterogeneous or for-
eign to it. — 2. In religion, the act or operation of cleansing
ceremonially, by removing any pollution or defilement.
3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin ; the ex-
tinction of sinful desires, appetites and inclinations.
PU-RIF'I-CA-TlVE, I a. Having power to purify : tend-
PU-RIF'I-CA-TO-RY, \ ing to cleanse.
Pu'RI-Fi-ER, n. That which purifies or cleanses ; a clean-
ser ; a refiner.
Pu'RI-FORM, a. [L. pus, purls and form.] Like pus ; in
the form of pus. Med. Repos.
pus.
PU'RI-FY, V. t. [Fr. purifier ; L. purifico.] 1. To make
pure or clear ; to free from extraneous admixture. 2. To
free from pollution ceremonially ; to remove whatever
renders unclean and unfit for sacred services. 3. To free
from guilt or the defilement of sin. 4. To clear from im-
proprieties or barbarisms.
PCfRI-F^, V. i. To grow or become pure or clear. Burnet.
Pu'RI-FY-ING, ppr. Removing foreign or heterogeneous
mattery cleansing from pollution ; fining ; making clear.
Pu'RI-FY-ING, n. The act or operation of making pure,
or of cleansing from extraneous matter or from pollution.
Pu'RIM, n. Among the Jews, the feast of lots, instituted to
commemorate their deliverance from the machinations of
Haman. Esth. ix.
Pu'RIST, 71. [Fr. puriste.] One excessively nice in the use
of words. Johnson.
PU'RI-TAN, 71. [fromj?Mre.] A Dissenter from the church
of England.
PtJ'RI-TAN, a. Pertaining to the Puritans, or Dissenters
from the church of England. Sanderson.
PU-RI-TAN'I€, ) a.l'ertaining to the Puritans or their
PU-RI-TAN'I-€AL, \ doctrines and practice ; exact ;
rigid.
PU-RI-TAN'I-€AL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Pu-
ritans.
PU'RI-TAN-ISM, 71. The notions or practice of Puritans.
Pu'RI-TAN-iZE, V. i. To deliver the notions of Puritans.
Pu'RI-TY, n. [Fr. purite ,• L. puritas.] i Freedom from
foreign admixture or heterogeneous matter. 2. Clean-
ness; freedom from foulness or dht. 3. Freedom from
guilt or the defilement of sin ; innocence. 4. Chastity ;
freedom from contamination by illicit sexual connection.
5. Freedom from any sinister or improper views. 6. Free-
dom from foreign idioms, from barbarous or imjVoper
words or phrases.
PURL, n. [supposed to be contracted from purfle. Qu.] 1
An embroidered and puckered border. 2. A kind of edg-
ing for bone-lace.
PURL, 71. A species of malt liquor ; ale or beer medicated
with wormwood or aromatic herbs. Johnson.
PURL, 71. Two rounds in knitting.
PURL, V. i. [Sw. porla ; W. freulaw.] 1. To murmur, as a
small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions
which occasion a continued series of broken sounds. 2.
To flow or run with a murmuring sound.
PURL, V. t. To decorate with fringe or embroidery,
PURL, n. A gentle, continued mmmur of a small stream of
ripplingwater.
PUR'LIEu, (pur'lu) n. [Fr. pur, pure, and lieu, place,] A
border ; a limit ; a certain limited extent ni district.
PUR'LIN, n. In architecture, a piece of timber extending
from end to end of a building or roof,
PURL'ING, ppr. Murmuring or gurgling, as a brook.
PURL'ING, 7t, The continued gentle murmur of a small
stream.
PUR-LOIN', V. t. [Fr, pour and loin.] 1, Literally-, to take
or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal ; to take by
thefl. 2. To take by plagiarism ; to steal from books or
manuscripts.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, 1?, long.—FATX, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
PUR
657
PUS
rUR-LOIN', V. i. To practice theft. Tit. ii.
PUR-IiOIN'ED, (pur-loind') pp. Stolen j taken by plagia-
rism.
PUR-LOIN'ER, 71. A thief; a plagiary.
PUR-LOIN'ING, ppr. Stealing ; committing literary theft.
PUR-LOIN'ING, n. Theft ; plagiarism.
PURTAR-TY, n. [Fr. pour and partie.] In law, a share,
part or portion of an estate, which is allotted to a co-par-
cener by partition. Cowel.
PTJR'PLE, a. [Fr. pourpre ; L. purpureus ; Sp. purpurea ;
It. porporino.) 1. Designating a color composed of red and
blue blended, much admired, and formerly the Roman
emperors wore robes of this color. — 2. In poetry, red or
livid ; dyed with blood.
PUR'PLE, n. 1. A purple color or dress ; hence, imperial
government in the Roman empire 2. A cardinalate.
PUR'PLE, V. t. [L. purpuro.] To make purple, or to dye
of a red color. Milton.
PUR'PLES, n. plu. Spots of a livid red on the body ; livid
eruptions which appear in certain malignant diseases j a
purple fever.
PIJR'PLISH, a. Somewhat purple. Boyle.
PUR'PoRT, n. [Fr. pour and porter.'] 1. Design or tenden-
cy. Morris. 2. Meaning ; import.
PUR'PoRT, V. t. 1. To intend ; to intend to show. Bacon.
2. To mean ; to signify.
PUR'PoRT-ED, pp. Designed ; intended ; meant.
PURToRT-ING, ;7/?r. Designing; intending; importing.
PUR'POSE, n. [Fr. propos ; Sp., It. proposito.] 1. That
which a person sets before himself as an object to be
reached or accomplishes • the end or aim to which the
view is directed in any pla^ measure or exertion. 2. In-
tention ; design. This sense, however, is hardly to be
distinguished from the former. 3. End ; effect ; conse-
quence, good or bad. 4. Instance ; example ; [o&s.] 5.
Convi 'sation ; [obs.] — Of purpose, on purpose, with pre-
vious design ; with the mind directed to that object,
PURTOSE, V. t. To intend; to design; to resolve; to de-
termine on some end or object to be accomplished.
PURTOSE, V. i. To have an intention ; to have a design,
Ps. xvii. To discourse. Spenser.
PUR'POSED, jpp. 1. Intended; designed. 2, Resolved;
having formed a design or resolution ; applied to persons.
PUR'POSE-LESS, a. Having no effect, [L, u.] Hall.
PUR'POSE-LY, adv. By design ; intentionally ; with pre-
determination. Atterbury.
PUR'PRES-TURE, n. [Fr. pour and prendre, pris.] In law,
a nuisance, consisting in an inclosure of or encroachment
on something that belongs to the public.
PUR PRiSE, n. [Fr, pourpris.] A close or inclosure ; also,
the whole compass of a manor. Bacon.
PURPU-RATE, n. A compound of purpuric acid and a
salifiable base. Ure.
PUR'PURE, n. In heraldry, purple, represented in engra-
ving by diagonal lines. Encyc.
PUR'PU-R1€, a. Purpuric acid is produced by the action
of nitric acid upon the lithic or uric acid. Dr. Prout.
PURR, V. i. To nmrmur as a cat. See Pur.
PURR, n. A sea lark, Ainsworth.
PURRE, 71, Ciderkin or perkin, Encyc.
PUR'RING, ppr. Murmuring as a cat,
PURSE, (purs) n. [Fr. bourse ; It. borsa ; D, beurs ; G.
borse ; Dan. bors.j 1. A small bag in which money is
contained or carried in the pocket. 2. A sum of money
offered as the prize of winning in a horse race, — 3. In
Turkey, a sum of money, about $222. 4. The public
coffers ; the treasury, — Lojig purse, or heavy purse,
wealth ; riches. — Light purse, or empty purse, poverty, or
want of resources, — Sword and purse, the military power
and wealth of a nation,
PURSE, v.t. 1. To put in a purse. Milton. 2. To con-
tract into folds or wrinkles, Shak.
PUKSED, pp. 1. Put in a purse. 2. Contracted into folds or
wrinkles,
PURSE'NET, (purs'net) n. A net, the mouth of which may
be closed or drawn together like a purse. Mortimer.
PURSE'-PRlDE, n. Pride of money ; insolence proceeding
from the possession of wealth. Hall.
PURSE'-PROUD, a. Proud of wealth ; puffed up with the
possession of money or riches,
PURS'ER, n. In the navy, an officer who has charge of the
provisions of a ship of "war, and attends to their preserva-
tion and distribution among the officers and crew,
PURS'I-NESS. A mistake for pt5^7iess. See Pussy.
PUR'SIVE-NESS. The same as pursiness.
PURS'LAIN, 71. [It. porcellana.] A plant of the genus
portulaca. Lee.
PURS'LAIN-TREE, n. [L. halimus.] A shrub proper for
hedges.
PUR-Su'A-BLE, a. That may be pursued, followed or pros-
ecuted. Sherwood.
I'UR-Su'ANCE, n. 1. A following ; prosecution, process or
continued exertion to reach or accomplish something.
2. Consequence.
PUR-StJ'ANT, a. [Fr. poursuivant.] Done in consequence
or prosecution of any thing ; hence, agreeable, conform-
able. _
PUR-SuE', V. t. [Fr. poursuivre.] 1. To follow; to go or
proceed after or in a like direction. 2. To take and pro-
ceed in, without following another. 3. To follow with a
view to overtake ; to follow with haste ; to chase. 4. To
seek ; to use measures to obtain. 5. To prosecute ; to
continue. 6. To follow as an example ; to imitate. 7. To
endeavor to attain to ; to strive to reach or gain. 8. To
follow with enmity ; to persecute.
PUR-SuE', V. i. To go on ; to proceed ; to continue ; a
Gallicism.
PUR-Su'ED, (pur-sude')i»^. Followed ; chased ; prosecuted ;
continued.
PUR-SU'ER, n. One that follows ; one that chases ; one
that follows in haste with a view to overtake. Shak.
PUR-Su'ING, ppr. Following; chasing; hastening after to
overtake ; prosecuting ; proceeding in ; continuing.
PUR-SuIT', 71. [Fr. poursuUe.] 1. The act of following with
a view to overtake ; a following with haste, either for
sport or in hostility. 2. A following with a view to reach,
accomplish or obtain ; endeavor to attain to or gain. 3
Proceeding; course of business or occupation ; continued
employment with a view to some end. 4. Prosecution ;
continuance of endeavor.
PUR'SUI-VANT, (pur'swe-vant) n. [Fr. poursuivant.] A
state messenger; an attendant on the heralds. Spenser.
PURS'Y, a corrupt orthography. See Pussy.
PUR'TE-NANCE, n. [L, pertinens.] Appurtenance ; but
applied to the pluck of an animal. Ex. xii.
PU'RU-LENCE, I n. [L. purulentus.] The generation of
Pu'RU-LEN-CY, \ pus or matter ; pus. Arbuthnot.
Pu'RU-LENT, a. Consisting of pus or matter , partaking
of the nature of pus. Bacon.
PUR-VEY', V. t. [Fr. pourvoir j L. provideo.] 1. To pro-
vide ; to provide with conveniences. 2. To procure.
PUR-VEY', V. i. To purchase provisions ; to provide. Mil-
ton.
PUR-VEY'ANCE, n. I. Procurement of provisions or vict-
uals. 2. Provision ; victuals provided. — 3. In English
laws, the royal prerogative or right of pre-emption" by
which the king was authorized to buy provisions and ne-
cessaries for the use of his household at an apprized
value.
PUR-VEY'OR, n. 1. One who provides victuals, or whose
business is to make provision for the table ; a victualer.
2. An officer who formerly provided or exacted provision
for the king's household. England. 3. One who provides
the means of gratifying lust; a procurer; a pimp; a
bawd. Dry den.
PUR'VIEW, (pur'vu) n. [Norm. Fr. pourveu, purvieu.] 1
Primarily, a condition or proviso ; [obs.] 2. The body of
a statute, or that part which begins with ^^ Beit enacted,"
as distinguished from the preamble. Cowel. — 3. In modern
usage, the limit or scope of a statute ; the whole extent
of its intention or provisions. Marshall. 4. Superintend-
ence. Ramsay. 5. Limit or sphere intended ; scope ; ex-
tent. Madison.
PUS, n. [L.] The white or yellowish matter generated in
ulcers and wounds in the process of healing.
PUSH, V. t. [Fr. pousser ; D. puis.] 1. To press against
with force ; to drive or impel by pressure ; or to endeavor
to drive by steady pressure, without striking ; opposed
to draw. 2. To butt ; to strike with the end of the horns ;
to thrust the points of horns against. 3. To press or urge
forward. 4. To urge ; to drive. 5. To enforce ; to press ;
to drive to a conclusion. 6. To importune ; to press with
solicitation; to tease. — To push down, to overthrow by
pushing or impulse.
PUSH, V. i. 1. To make a thrust ; as, to push with the
horns or with a sword. Addison. 2. To make an effort,
3. To make an attack. 4. To burst out. — To push on, to
drive or urge forward ; to hasten.
PUSH, 71, 1, A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with
the end of a thing, 2, Any pressure, impulse or force ap-
plied, 3, An assault or attack. 4. A forcible onset ; a
vigorous effort. 5. Exigence ; trial ; extremity. 6. A
sudden emergence. 7. A little swelhng or pustule; a
wheal ; a pimple ; an eruption.
PUSHED, pp. Pressed ; urged ; driven,
PUSH'ER, 71. One that drives forward.
PUSH'ING, ppr. 1. Pressing ; driving ; urging forward.
2. a. Pressing forward in business ; enterprising ; driv-
ing ; vigorous,
PUSH'PIN, 71, A child's play in which pins are pushed al-
ternately, L'Estrange.
PU-SIL-LA-NIM'I-TY, n. [Fr. pusillanimite ; L. pusilla-
nimitas.] Want of that firmness an'd strength of mind
which constitutes courage or fortitude ; weakness of spir-
it ; cowardliness.
PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS, a. [Fr. pusillanime ; It. pusillanimo.]
1. Destitute of that strength and firmness of mind which
constitutes courage, bravery and fortitude ; being of weak
» See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.
42
.€asK; 6as J; SasZj CHasSH; TH as in this t ObsolUt
PUT
658
FYG
courage ; mean-spirited ; cowardly. 2. Proceeding from
weakness of mind or want of courage : feeble.
PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS-LY, adv. With want of courage.
PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS-NESS, n. Pusillanimity ; want of
courage.
PIJSS, n. np. poes; Ir. pus.] 1. The fondling name of a
eat. 2. The sportsman's name for a hare.
PUS'SI-NESS, 71. A state of being swelled or bloated ; in-
flation; hence, shortness of breath.
PUS'SY, a. [Fr. poussif.] Properly, inflated ; swelled ;
hence, fat, short and thick ; and as persons of this
make labor in respiration, the word is used for short-
breathed.
PUS'TU-L ATE, V. t. [L. pustulatus.] To form into pustules
or blisters. Stackhouse.
*PUS'TULE, (pus'l, or pus'tiil) n. [Fr. pustule ; L. pustu-
la.] A pimple or wheal ; a small push or eruption on the
skin Arbuthnot.
PCJS'TU-LOUS, a. [L. pustulosus.] Full of pustules or
pimples.
PIJT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. put. [D. pooten ; W. pwtian, and
.] 1. To set, lay or place. 2. Put is applicable to
state or condition as well as to place ; as, put him in a condi-
tion to help himself. 3. To repose. 4. To push into action.
5. To apply ; to set to employment. 6. To throw or intro-
duce suddenly. 7. To consign to letters. 8. To oblige ;
to require. 9. To incite ; to instigate ; to urge by influ-
ence. 10. To propose. 11. To reacli to another. ^fl&. ii.
12. To bring into a state of mind or temper. 13. To ofler ;
to advance. 14. To cause.
To put about, to turn ; to change the course ; to gibe ship. —
To put by. 1. To turn away ; to divert. 2. To thrust
aside. — To put down. 1. To baffle ; to repress ; to crush.
2. To degrade ; to deprive of authority, power or place.
3. To bring into disuse ; [obs.] 4. To confute ; to silence. —
To put forth. 1. To propose ; to offer to notice. 2. To ex-
tend; to reach. 3. To shootout: to send out, as a sprout. 4.
To exert ; to bring into action. 5. To publish, as a book. —
ropwt 171. 1. To introduce among others. 2. To insert. 3.
To conduct into a harbor. — To put in fear, to affrighi ; to
make fearful. — To put in mind, to remind ; to call to remem-
brance. — To put in practice, to use ; to exercise. — To put
into another^ s hands, to trust ; to commit to the care of. —
To put off. 1. To divest; to lay aside. 2. To turn aside
from a purpose or demand ; to defeat or delay by artifice.
3. To delay ; to defer ; to postpone. 4. To pass falla-
ciously ; to cause to be circulated or received. 5. To dis-
card. 6. To recommend ; to vend ; to obtmde. 7. To
vend ; to sell. 8. To passjnto other hands. 9. To push
from land. — To put on or upon. 1. To impute ; to charge.
2. To invest with, as clothes or covering. 3. To assume.
4. To forward ; to promote ; [o&s.] 5. To impose ; to
inflict. — To be ptit upon, to be imposed on ; to be deceiv-
ed. — To put over. 1. To refer; to send. 2. To defer;
to postpone.— To put out. 1. To place at interest ; to lend
at use. 2. To extinguish. 3. To send ; to emit ; to
shoot. 4. To extend; to reach out; to protrude. 5. To
drive out ; to expel ; to dismiss. 6. To publish ; to make
public ; [vulgar.'] 7. To confuse ; to disconcert ; to in-
terrupt. — To put out the eyes, to d'^stroy the power of
sight; to render blind.— T'o put to. J. To add ; to unite.
2. To refer to ; to expose. 3. To punish by ; to distress
by.-^Toput to it, to distress ; to press hard ; to perplex ;
to give difiiculty to. — To be put to it, in the passive form,
to have difiiculty. — To put the hand to. 1. To apply ; to
take hold ; to begin ; to undertake. 2. To take by theft
or wrong ; to embezzle.— To put to the sword, to kill ; to
slay.— To put to death, to kill.— To put to a stand, to stop ;
to arrest by obstacles or difficulties. — To put to trial, or on
trial. 1. To bring before a court and jury for examina-
tion and decision. 2. To bring to a test ; to try. — To put
ton-ether. 1. To unite in a sum, mass or compound; to
add. 2. To unite ; to connect. 3. To place in company
or in one society. — To put trust in, to confide in; to re-
pose confidence in. — To put up. 1. To pass unavenged;
to overlook ; not to punish or resent. Addison. 2. To
send forth or shoot up, as plants ; [obs.] 3. To expose ;
to offer publicly. 4. To start from a cover [obs.] 5. To
hoard. 6. To reposit for preservation. 7'. To pack ; to
reposit in casks with salt for preservation. 8. To hide or
lay aside. 9. To put in a trunk or box ; to pack.
PUT, V. i. 1. To go or move ; [obs.] 2. To steer. 3. To
shoot ; to germinate.
To put forth. 1. To shoot ; to bud ; to germinate. 2. To
leave a port or haven.— To put in. 1. To enter a harbor ;
to sail into port. 2. To offer a claim. —To put in for, to
offer one's self; to stand as a candidate for To put off,
to leave land. — To put on, to urge motion ; to drive vehe-
mently. — To put over, to sail over or across. Abbot. — To
put to sea, to set sail ; to begin a voyage ; to advance into
the ocean. — To put up. i. To take lodgings; to lodge;
as, we pzcf T/p at the Golden Ball. 2. To offer one's self
as a candidate.— To put up to, to advance to; [little
used.]— To put up with. 1. To overlook or suffer without
recompense, punishment or resentment. 2. To tafco
without opposition or dissatisfaction.
PUT, 77. 1. An action of distress; as, a forced put. L'E-
strange. 2. A game at cards.
PUT, 71. [qu. W.^Kt, a short, thick person.] A rustic; a
clown.
PUT, 71. [Fr. putain ; W. putan ; It. putta, puttano ; Sp.
puta.] A strumpet ; a prostitute.
Put case, for put the case, suppose the case to be so ; a vul-
gar phrase. Burton.
Pu'TA6E, 71. In law, prostitution or fornication on the part
of a female. Cowel.
Pu'TAN-ISM, n. [Fr. putanisme.] Customary lewdness or
prostitution of a female.
PU'TA-TlVE, a. [Fr.putatif; It. putativo.] Supposed; re
puted ; commonly thought or deemed.
PU'TID, n. [L. putidus.] Mean ; base ; worthless.
PU'TID-NESS, 71. Meanness ; vileness. '
PUT'LOG, n. A short piece of timber used in scaffolds.
PUT'-OFF, n. An excuse ; a shift for evasion or delay.
PU-TRED'I-NOUS, a. [L. putredo.] Proceeding from pu-
trefaction, or partaking of the putrefactive process ; hav-
ing an offensive smell. Flayer.
PU-TRE-FA€'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. putref actio.] A natural
process by which animal and vegetable bodies are disor-
ganized and dissolved.
PU-TRE-FA€'TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to putrefaction. 2.
Tending to promote putrefaction ; causing putrefaction.
PD'TRE-FiED,p;>. Dissolved; rotten.
PU'TRE-PY, V. t. [Fr. putrefier ; L, putrefacio.] 1. To
cause to dissolve ; to disorganize and reduce to the sim-
ple constituent elements, as animal or vegetable bodies ;
to cause to rot. 2. To corrupt ; to make foul ; [I. u.] 3.
To make morbid, carious or gangrenous.
Pu'TRE-FY, V. i. To dissolve and return to the origina.
distinct elements ; to rot.
PU-TRES'CENCE, 71. [Ju. putrescens.] The state of dissolv-
ing, as an animal or vegetable substance ; a putrid state.
PU-TRES'CENT, a. 1. Becoming putrid; passing from an
organized state into the constituent elements. 2. Pertain-
ing to the process of putrefaction.
PU-TRES'Cl-BLE, a. That may be putrefied ; liable to be-
come putrid. Ramsay, Hist.
PU'TRID, a. [Fr. putride ; L. putridus.] 1. In a state of
dissolution or disorganization, as animal and vegetable
bodies ; corrupt ; rotten. 2. Indicating a state of dissolu-
tion ; tending to disorganize the substances composing the
body ; malignant. 3. Proceeding from putrefaction or
pertaining to it.
PU'TRID-NESS, or PU-TRID'I-TY, ti. The state of being
putrid; conuption. Floyer.
PU-TRI-FI-€a'TION. n. State of becoming rotten.
fPU'TRY, a. Rotten.' Marston.
PUT'TER, n. One who puts or places. ^Estrange.
PUT'TER-ON, n. An inciter or instigator. Shak.
PUT'TING, ppr. [from^^Mt.] Setting; placing; laying.
piJT'TING-STONE, n. In Scotland, a stone laid at the
gates of great houses for trials of strength. Pope.
PUT'TOe, 71. A kite. Spenser.
PUT'TOe-SHROUDS, n. Probably a mistake for futtoc-
shrouds.
PUT'TY, n. [Sp., Port, potea.] 1. A kind of paste or cem-
ent compounded of whiting and lintseed oil, beaten or
kneaded to the consistence of dough, used in fastening
glass in sashes and in stopping crevices. 2. A powder of
calcined tin, used in polishing glass and steel.
PUY. See Pot.
PUY'-BALD. See Pie-bald.
PUZ'ZLE, V. t. 1. To perplex ; to embarrass ; to put to a
stand ; to gravel. 2. To make intricate ; to entangle.
PUZ'ZLE, V. i. To be bewildered ; to be awkward.
PUZ'ZLE, 71. Perplexity ; embarrassment. Bacon.
PUZ'ZLED, pp. Perplexed ; intricate ; put to a stand.
PUZ'ZLE-HEAD-ED, a. Having the head full of confused
notions. Johnson.
PUZ'ZLER, n. One that perplexes.
PUZ'ZLING, ppr. Perplexing ; embarrassing ; bewildering.
PUZ'ZO-LAN, ) n. A loose, porous, volcanic substance
PUZ-ZO-La'NA, I or stone.
PYO'NITE, n. [qu. Gr. TivKvog.] A mineral.
PY€'N0-STyLE, n. [Gr. nvKvos and otd^oj.] In ancient
architecture, a buUdmg where the columns stand very
close to each other.
PyE, n. A confused mass ; the state of printing types when
the sorts are mixed.
PYE, 71. A bird. See Pie.
P^'GARG, \ n. [Gr. r.vyagyoi.] A fowl of the genus
PY-GAR'GUS, \ falco.
*PYG'ME-AN, a. Pertaining to a pigmy or dwarf; very
small; dwarfish. Milton.
PYG'MY, n. [Fr. pygmee ; It. pigmeo ; L. pygmmus.] A
dwarf ; a person not exceeding a cubit in height.
PYG'MY, V. t. To dwarf; to make little. A. Wood.
ised.]—To put up with. 1. To overlook or suffer without PYG'MY, z). t. To dwarf ; to make little. ./3. W7bo<Z.
* See S2/7iopsw. A E, I, O, ©, Y, Ung.—FKB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
QUA
659
QUA
PYL'A-GORE, n. [Gr. nvlayopas.] In ancient Greece, a
delegate or representative of a city, sent to the Amphic-
tyonic council.
PY-LOR'I€, a. Pertaining to the pylorus.
PY-Lo'RUS, n. [Gr. nuXwpoj .] The lower and right orifice
of the stomach. Coze
PY'OT. See Piet.
PYR'A-€ANTH, n. [Gr. vv^aKavOa.] A plant..
PY-RAL'LO-LITE, n. [Gr. nv^, aXXos and XtOos.] A min-
eral found in Finland.
PYR'A-MID, m. [Fr. pyramide ; It. piramide ; L. pyramis.]
A solid body standing on a triangular, square or polygonal
base, and terminating in a point at the top ; or, in geome-
try, a solid figure consisting of several triangles, whose
bases are all in the same plane, and which have one com-
mon vertex.
PY-RAM'I-DAL, a. [Fr. pyramidale ] Pyramidical.
PYR-A-MID'iSaL, I "• Having the form of a pyramid.
PYR-A-MID'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the form of a pyramid.
PY-RAM'I-DOID, or PYR'A-MOID, a. [pyramid, and Gr.
eiSos.] A solid figure, formed by the rotation of a semi-
parabola about its base or greatest ordinate.
PYR'A-MIS, n. [L.] A pyramid. Bacon.
Pyre, n. [L. pyra. ] A funeral pile ; a pile to be burnt.
PYR'E-NITE, 71. A mineral found in the Pyrenees.
PYR-E-TOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. nvpETos and Xoyos ] A discourse
or treatise on fevers, or the doctrine of fevers.
PYR'GOM, n. A mineral, called also fas salt e.
PYR'I-FORM, a. [lu. ptjrum, and form.] Having the form
of a pear. Gregory.
PYR-I-Ta'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to pyrites. Lavoisier.
*PY-Rl'TES, ) n. [Gr. nvpirrn, from Tri;p,fire.] Fire-stone;
PYR'ITE, \ a genus of inflammable substances com-
posed of sulphur and>iron or other metal ; a sulphuret of
iron or other metal.
PY-RIT'I€, PY-RITI-OAL, or PYxi'I-TOUS, a. Pertain-
ing to pyrites ; consisting of or resembling pyrites.
PYR-I-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [pyrites, and L./ero, to produce.]
Containing or producing pyrites.
PYR'I-TIZE, V. t. To convert into pyrites. Ed. Encyc.
PYR-I-TOL 0-GY, n. [pyrites, and Gr. Xoyos.] A discourse
or treatise on pyrites. Fourcroy.
PYR'OGOM, 7i. A variety of diopside. Ure.
PY-ROL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. nup and Xarpeia.] The worship
of fire. Young.
P^-RO-LIG'NE-OUS, PY-RO-LIG'NI€, or PY-RO-LIG'-
NOUS, a. [Gr. TTUjj, and L. Zt>neMs.] Generated or procur-
ed by the distillation of wood.
PY-RO-LIG'NITE, 71. A salt formed by the combination of
pyroligneous acid with another substance.
PY-R0-LITHI€, a. [Gr. nup and Xt0o?.] The pyrolithic
acid is obtained from the silvery white plates which sub-
lime from uric acid concretions, when distilled in a retort.
PY-ROL'0-GIST, 71. A believer in the doctrine of latent
heat. Black
P1f-R0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. nvp and \oyos.] A treatise on heat ;
or the natural history of heat, latent and sensible.
PY-ROM'A-LATE, n. A compound of malic acid and a
salifiable base. Ure.
PY-RO-Ma'LI€, a. [Gr. nvp, and Jj. malum.] The pyroma-
lic acid is a substance obtained by distillation from the
malic acid.
* Py'RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr rrvp and jxavTeia.] Divination
by fire. Encyc.
PYR-0-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to pyromancy.
PYR-0-MAN'T1€, 71. One who pretends to divine by fire
PY-ROM'E-TER, n. [Gr. nvp and ixerpov.] 1. An instru
ment for measuring the expansion of bodies by heat. 2
An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those
jndicated by the mercurial thermometer.
PY-RO-Mu'CITE, 71. A combination of pyromucous acid
with another substance.
P-Y-R0-MU'€0US, a. [Gr. nvp, and L. mucus.] The pyro-
mucous acid IS obtained by the distillation of sugar.
PYR'OPE, n [Gr. Trupwrrof.] A mineral.
PYR'O-PHANE, 71. [Gr. i:vp and (pavos.] A mineral.
PY-ROPH'A-NOUS, a. Rendered transparent by heat.
PY-ROPH'O-ROUS, a. Pertaining to pyrophorus.
PY-ROPH'0-RUS, 71. [Gr. nvp and cpwpos.] A substance
which takes fire on exposure to air, or which maintains
or retains light.
PY-RO-PHYS'A-LITE. See Topaz and Physalite.
PY-ROR'THITE, n. A mineral resembling orthite.
PYR'O-SeOPE, n. [Gr. nvp and oKoneu).] An instrument
for measuring the pulsatory motion of the air, or tlie in-
tensity of heat radiating from a fire.
PY-ROS'MA-LITE, n. A mineral of a liver-brown color.
PYR-0-TaR'TA-RI€, ) a. [Gr. nup, and tartar.] Denot
PYR-0-TAR'TA-ROUS, \ ing an acid obtained by distil-
ling pure tartrite of potash.
PYR-0-TAR'TRITE, n. A salt formed by the combination
of pyrotartarous acid with another substance.
PYR-0-TE€H']\ie, } a. [Gr. irvp and Teyvr;.] Pertain-
PYR-0-TE€H'NI-€AL, j ing to fire-works or the art of
forming them.
PYR-0-TE€H'NI€S, or * PYRiO-TE€H-NY, n. The art
of making fire-works; or the science which teaches the
management and application or fire in its various opera
tions, in gunnery, rockets, &c.
PYR-0-TE€H'NIST, n. One skilled in pyrotechny.
PY-ROT'I€, a. [Gr. i:vpou).] Caustic. See Caustic.
PY-ROT'I€, 71. A caustic medicine.
PYR'OX-ENE, n. [Gr. nvp and ^evos.] Augite ; a species
of minerals of the class of stones.
PYR-OX-EN'I€, a. Pertaining to pyroxene, or partaking of
its qualities. Humboldt.
PYR'RHIC, n. [li.pyrrhichius.] 1. In poetry, a foot consist-
ing of two short syllables. 2. An ancient military dance.
PYR'RHIN, 71. [Gr. nvpivog.] A vegeto-animal substance.
PYR-RHON'I€, a. Pertaining to Pyrrhonism.
PYR'RHO-NISM, n. [from Pyrrho, the founder of the scep-
tics.] Scepticism ; universal doubt.
PYR'RHO-NIST, n. A sceptic ; one who doubts of every
thing.
PYTII-A-Go'RE-AN, n. A follower of Pythagoras, the
founder of the Italic sect of philosophers.
PYTH-A-GOR'fcf ^' I '^- belonging to the philosophy of
PYTH-A-GOR'I-€AL, ) Pythagoras.
PY-THAG'O-RISM, n. The doctrines of Pythagoras.
PYTH'I-AN, a. [from Pythia.] Pertaining to the priestess
of Apollo, who delivered oracles.
PY'THO-NESS, 71. [from L. Pytho.] A sort of witch ; also,
the female or priestess who gave oracular answers at Del
phi, in Greece.
PY-THON'I€, a. Pretending to foretell future events.
PYTH'O-NIST, n. A conjurer.
PYX, n. [L. pyxis; Gr. Ttv^ii.] The box in which the Cath-
olics keep the host. Cranmer.
Q.
a is the seventeenth letter of the English Alphabet ; an
articulation borrowed from the oriental koph or qoph.
It is supposed to be an articulation more deeply guttural
than that of K ; indeed it might have been pronounced
as we pronounce qu ; for we observe that, in the Latin
language, from which the moderns have borrowed the
letter, it is always followed by u, as it is in English. Q,
never ends an English word. Its name, cue, is said to be
from the French queue, a tail.
As a numeral, Q, stands for 500, and, with a dash, Q., for
500,000.
Among mathematicians, Q,. E. D. stands for quod erat de-
monstrandum, which was to be demonstrated.
In English, Q,. is an abbreviation for question.
Q.UAB, 71. [G. quappe ; D. kwab ; Dan. qvabbe.] A fish of
Russian rivers, which delights in clear water
Q.UA-CHIL'TO, 71. A Brazilian fowl of the moor- hen kmd.
QiUAGK,v.i. [D. kwaaken j G. quaken jjian. qvakker.]
1. To cry like a duck or goose. King. 2. To boast; to
bounce ; to talk iioisily and ostentatiously.
dUACK, 71. I. A boaster; one who pretends to skill or
knowledge which he does not possess. 2. A boastful
pretender to medical skill which he does not possess ; an
empiric ; an ignorant practitioner.
CIUA€K'ER-Y, n. The boastful pretensions or mean prac-
tice of an ignoramus, particularly in medicine ; empiri-
cism.
dUACK'ISH, a. Like a quack; boasting of skill net pos-
sessed ; trickish. Burke.
aUACK'ISM, 71. The practice of quackery. Jish.
ClUAC'KLE, V. i. To almost choke ; to sufibcate.
aUAC'KLED, or aUACK'ENED, a. Almost choked or
suflTocated.
aUA€K'SALV-ER, n. [Sw. qvacksalfvare.] One who
boasts of his skill in medicines and salves ; a chailatan.
t aUAD, a. [D. kwaad.] Evil ; bad. Gower.
*See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 a» J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
QUA
Q.UAD'BA-6ENE, n. [L. quadrageniJ] A papal indulgence
multiplying remissions by forties. Taylor.
QLJAD-RA-6ES'I-MA, n. [L. quadragesimus.] Lentj so
called because it consists of forty days. Encyc.
aiJAD-RA-6ES'I-MAL, a. Belonging to Lent; used in
Leit. Sanderson.
aUAD-RA-GES'I-MALS, n. plu. Offerings formerly made
to the mother church on mid-lent Sunday.
Q,UAD'E,AN-GLE, n. [L. quadratus and angulus.] In ge-
ometry, a quadrilateral figure ; a square ; a figure consist-
ing of four sides and four angles.
aUAD-RAN'GU-LAR, a. 1. Square ; having four sides and
four angles. — 2 In botany, having four prominent angles.
aUAD'RANT, n. [L. quadrans.] 1. The fourth part ; the
quarter.— 2. In geometry, the quarter of a circle ; the arc
of a circle containing ninety degrees ; also, the space or
area included between this arc and two radii drawn from
the centre to each extremity. 3. An instrument for taking
the altitudes cf the sun or stars, of great use in astronomy
and navigation.
QUAD-RANT'AL, a. Pertaining to a quadrant ; also, in-
cluded in the fourth part of a circle. Derham..
Q,UAD-RANT'AL, n. A vessel used by the Romans ; orig-
inally called amphora. It was square, and contained 80
pounds or water.
Q.tJAD'RAT, M. [h. quadratus. '\ 1. In ^nnfing-, a piece of
metal used to fill the void spaces between words, &c. 2.
A mathematical instrument.
Q.UAD'RATE, a. 1. Square ; having fou- equal and paral-
lel sides. 2. Divisible into four equal parts. 3. Square ,
equal ; exact. 4. Suited ; fitted 5 applicable ; corre-
spondent.
dUAD'RATE, n. 1. A square ; a surface with four equal
and parallel sides. Milton. — 2. In astrology, an aspect of
the heavenly bodies, in which they are distant from each
other ninety degrees ; the same as quartile.
aUAD'RATE, V. i. [L. quadro ; Fr. quadrer.] To suit ; to
correspond ; to agree with : to be accommodated.
Q.UAD-RAT'I€, a. Square ; denoting a square, or pertain-
ing to it. — Quadratic equation, in algebra, an equation in
which the unknown quantity is of two dimensions, or
raised to the second power.
Q.UAD'RA-TRIX, n. 1. A square or squared figure. — 2. In
geometry, a mechanical line, by means of which we can
find right lines equal to the circumference of circles.
aUAD'RA-TURE, n. [L. quadratura.] 1. The act of squar-
ing ; the reducing of a figure to a square. 2. A quadrate 5
a square. — 3. In astronomy, the aspect of the moon when
distant from the sun 90 degrees. — Quadralnire of curves,
in mathematics, the finding of rectilineal figures contain-
ing the same areas as figures bounded by curved lines.
D. Olmsted.
Q,UAD'REL, 11. [It. quadrello. ] In architecture, a kind of
artificial stone made of chalky earth and dried in the
shade for two years ; so called from being square.
Q.UAD-REN'NI-AL, a. [L. quadriennium.] 1. Comprising
four years. 2. Occurring once in four years.
aUAD-REN'NI-AL-LY, ado. Once in four years.
aUAD'RI-BLE, a. [L. quadro.] That may be squared.
aUAD-RI-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. quadra and capsula.] In
botany, having four capsules to a flower. Martyn.
Q.UAD-RI-DEC'1-MAL, a. [L. quadra and decern.] In crys-
talography, designating a crystal whose prism, or the
middle part, has four faces and two summits, containing
together ten faces.
aUAD-RI-DEN'TATE, a. [L. quadra and dentatus.] In
botany, having four teeth on the edge. Martyn.
dUAD-RI-EN'NI-AL. The same as quadrennial.
aUA.D'RI-FID, a. [L. quadrifidus.] In botany, four-cleft,
as a quadrifid perianth.
Q,UAD-RI-Ju GOUS, a. {1^. quadra anA jugum.] In botany,
pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets.
Q.UAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. quadra, or quatuor, and la-
tus.] Having four sides and four angles.
aUA.D-RI-LAT'ER-AL, n. A figure having four sides and
frur angles ; a quadrangular figure. Encyc.
aUAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL-NESS, n. The property of having
four right-lined sides, forming as many right angles.
Q,[JAD-RI-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. quadra, or quatuor, and lit-
er'a.] Consisting of four letters. Parkhurst.
aUA-DRILLE', (qua-driV, or ka-dril') n. [Fr.] 1. A game
played by four persons with 40 cards. 2. A kind of dance.
dUAD RI-LO-BATE, ) a. [L. quadra, or quaty.or, and lobe ;
aUAD'RI-Lf >BED, ) Gr. Ao|8oj.] In botany, having four
lobes. Martyn.
Q,UAD-RI-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and locvr-
lu's.] Having four cells ; four-celled. Martyn.
t Q.UAD'RIN, n. [L. quadrinus.] A mite ; a small piece of
money, in value about a farthing. Bailey.
dUAD-RI-No'MI-AL, ) a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and no-
aUAD-RI-NOM'I-€AL, S men.] Consisting of four de-
nominations or terms. JDict.
Q,UAD^RIP'AR-TITE, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, andpartitus.]
660 QUA
Divided into four parts, or consisting of four corresponding
parts.
au AD-RIP' AR-TITE-LY, adv In four divisions ; in a
quadripartite distribution.
aUAD-RIP-AR-Ti"TION, n. A division by four or into
four parts ; or the takmg the fourth part of any quantity.
QUAD-RIPH'YL-LOUS, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and Gr,
(Pv'Wov.] Having four leaves.
aUAD'RI-REME, n. [L. quadriremis.] A galley with four
benches of oars or rowers. Mitford.
UUAD-RI-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [L. quadra, quatuor, and syl-
lable.] A word consisting of four syllables.
aUAD'RI-VALVE, or aUAD-RI-VALV'U-L.\R, a. In
botany, having four valves 3 four-valved. Martyn.
aUAD'RI-VALVES, n. plu. [L. quadra, quatuor, and val-
va.] A door with four folds or leaves.
Q,UAD-RIV'I-AL, a. [L. quadrivium ; quatuor and via.]
Having four ways meeting in a point.
Q.UAD-ROON', n. [L. quadra, quatuor.] In Spanish America,
the offspring of a mulatto woman by a white man : a per-
son quarter-blooded.
Q,UAD'RU-MAN, n. [L. quadra and manus.] An animal
having four hands or limus that correspond to the hands
of a man, as a monkey.
aUAD'RU-MA-NOUS,a. Having four hands ; four-handed.
QUAD'RUNE, n. A gritstone with a calcarious cement.
Q.UAD'RU-PED, a. [L. quadrupes.] Having four legs and
feet.
aUAD'RU-PED, n. An animal having four legs and feet,
as a horse, an ox, a lion, &c.
aUAD'RU-PLE, a. [L. quadruplus.] Fourfold; four times
told.
Q.UAD'RU-PLE, n. Four times the sum or number.
aUAD-Ru'PLI-€ATE, a. Fourfold ; four times repeated.
aUAD-Ru'PLI-CATE, v. t. [L. quadruplico.] To make
fourfold ; to double twice.
aUAD-RU-PLI-€A'TION, n. The act of making fourfold
and taking four times the simple sum or amount.
aUAD'RU-PLY, adv. To a fourfold quantity. Swift.
Q,UiE'RE. [L.] Inquire ; better written query, which see.
aU^ST'OR. See auEsxoR.
Q,UAFF, V. t. [Fr. coiffer.] To drink ; to swallow in large
draughts.
dUAFF, V. i. To drink largely or luxuriously. South.
QUAFFED, pp. Drank ; swallowed in large draughts.
Q,UAFF'ER, 71. One that quaffs or drinks largely.
t aUAFF'ER, V. t. To feel out. Derham.
Q,UAFF'ING, ppr. Drinking ; swallowing draughts.
CIUAG'GY, a. Yielding to the feet or trembling under the
foot, as soft, wet earth.
QUAG'MlRE, n. [that is, quake-mire.] Soft, wet land,
which has a surface firm enough to bear a person, but
which shakes or yields under the ffeet. More.
Q.UA'HAUG, (quaw'hog) n. In JVejo England, the popular
name of a large species of clams or bivalvular shells.
fCiUAID, a. or pp. Crushed, subdued, or depressed.
Q,UaIL, v. i. [Sax. cwellan; W. cwl.'j 1. To sink into de-
jection ; to languish ; to fail in spirits ; \l. u.] Shak. 2.
To fade ; to wither ; [obs.]
Q,UaIL, v. i. [Fr. cailler ; It. quagliare.] To curdle ; to
coagulate ; as milk. Bailey.
t QUaIL, v. t. [Sax. cwellan.] To crush ; to depress ; to
sink ; to subdue. [Now written quell.] Spenser.
Q.UaIL, n. [It. quaglia ; Fr. caille ; Arm. coailL] A bird
of the genus tetrao or grous kind.
t aUAlL'ING, ppr. Failing ; languishing.
f Q.UaIL'ING, n. The act of failing in spirit or resolution ;
decay.
Q,UaIL'-PiPE, n. A pipe or call for alluring quails into a
net ; a kind of leathern purse in the shape of a pear, partly
filled with horse hair, with a whistle at the end.
Q,UaINT, a. [Old Fr. coint ; Arm. coent, coant.] 1. Nice ;
scrupulously and superfluously exact ; having petty ele-
gance. 2. Subtle; artful; [obs.] 3. Fine-spun; artfully
framed. Shak. 4. Affected. Swift. — 5. In common use,
odji ; fanciful ; singular ; and so used by Chaucer.
aUAlNT'LY, adv. 1 Nicely ; exactly ; with petty neat-
ness or spruceness. 2. Artfully. 3. Ingeniously ; with
dexterity.
aUAlNT'NESS, 71. 1. Niceness ; petty neatness or ele-
gance. 2. Oddness ; peculiarity.
dUAKE, V. i. [Sax. cwacian ; G. quackeln.] 1. To shake ;
to tremble ; to be agitated with quick but short motions
continually repeated ; to shudder. 2. To shake with vi-
olent convulsions, as well as with trembling. 3. To
shake, tremble or move, as the earth under the feet. Pope.
t QUAKE, V. t. To frighten ; to throw into agitation. Shak.
QUAKE, n. A shake ; a trembling ; a shudder ; a tremu
lous agitation. Suckling.
QUaK'ER, 71. One that quakes ; but usually, one of the re-
ligious sect called Friends.
QUaK'ER-ISM, n. The peculiar manners, tenets or vyor
ship of the Quakers. JIfiZTjer.
QUaK'ER-LY, a. Resembling Quakers. Goodman.
See Sunopsis. A, E, T, (5, U, ^, long.—FA.B., FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;-PtN, MARINE, BiRD
t Obsolete
ULA
661
QUA
aUAK'ER-Y, n. auakensm.
Q,UaK'ING, ppr. Shaking ; trembling.
Q,UaK ING, n. A shaking ; tremulous agitation ; trepida-
tion. Dan. X.
aUAK'ING-GRASS, n. An herb. Ainsworth.
aUAL'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be qualified ; that may
be abated or modified. Barrow.
aUAL-I-FI-€A'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. Any natural endow-
ment or any acquirement which fits a person for a place,
otiice or employment, or enables him to sustain any char-
acter with success. 2. Legal power or requisite. 3.
Abatement ; diminution. 4. Modification ; restriction ;
limitation.
(iUAL'I-FIED, pp. Fitted by accomplishments or endow-
ments ; modified.
aUAL'I-Fi-£D-NESS, n. The state of being qualified or
fitted.
aUAL'I-Fl-ER, 71. He or that which qualifies ; that which
modifies, reduces, tempers or restrains. Junius.
aUAL'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. qualifier ; It. qualificare.] 1. To fit
for any place, office, occupation or character ; to furnish
with the knowledge, skill or other accomplishment neces-
sary for a purpose. 2. To make capable of any employ-
ment or privilege ; to furnish with legal power or capaci-
ty. 3. To abate ; to soften ; to diminish. 4. To ease ;
to assuage. 5. To modify ; to restrain ; to limit by ex-
ceptions. _ 6. To modify ; to regulate ; to vary.
Q,UAL'1-FY-ING, pj)r. Furnishing with the necessary qual-
ities, properties or accomplishments for a place, station or
business ; furnishing with legal power ; abating ; temper-
ing ; modifying ; restraining.
Q,UAL'I-TY, n. [L. qualitas ; Fr. qualite.] 1. Property ;
that which belongs to abody or substance, or can be predi-
cated of it. 2. Nature, relatively considered 3. Virtue
or particular power of producing certain efiects. 4. Dis-
position ; temper. 5. Virtue or vice. 6. Acquirement ;
accomplishment. 7. Character. 8. Compan'tive rank 5
condition in relation to others. 9. Superior rank ; supe-
riority of birth or station ; as persons of quality. 10. Per-
sons of high rank, collectively.
*Q,UALM, (quam) n. [D. kwaal ; G. qualm; D. kwalm.] J.
A rising in the stomach, as it is commonly called ; a fit of
nausea, or a disposition or effort of the stomach to eject
its contents. 2. A sudden fit or seizure of sickness at the
stomach 5 a sensation of nausea. 3. A scruple of con-
science, or uneasiness of conscience.
*Q,UALM'ISH, (quim'ish) a. Sick at the stomach , inclined
to vomit ; affected with nausea or sickly languor.
*aUALM'ISH-NESS, n. Nausea.
Q,UAM'0-€LIT, n. A plant of the genus ipomoea.
*aUANiDA-RY, n. Doubt; uncertainty; a state of diffi-
culty or perplexity. [A low icord.]
f Q,UAN'DA-RY, v. t. To bring into a state of uncertainty
or difficulty. Otway,
aUAN'TI-TA-TIVE, a. Estimable according to quantity
Taylor.
aUANTI-TlVE, a. Estimable according to quantity.
Digby.
Q,UAN'TI-TY, n. [Fr. qxiantite ; It. quantitd ; L. quantitas.]
l.That property of any thing which may be increased or
diminished. Johnson. 2. An indefinite extent of space.
3. A portion or part ; [obs.] Shale. 4. A large portion. —
5. In mathematics, any thing v/hich can be multiplied,
divided or measured. Day. — b. In grammar, the measure
of a syllable ; that which determines the time in which it
is pronounced.— 7. In logic, a category, universal, or pre-
dicament ; a general conception. — 8. In music, the rela-
tive duration of a note or syllable.
aUAN'TUM, n. [L.] The quantity ; the amount.
taUAR'AN-TAIN. See auARANxiNE.
*Q,UAR'AN-TlNE, n. [It. quarantina ; Sp. quarentena ;
Fr. quarajitaine.] 1. Properly, the space of forty days ;
appropriately, the term of forty days, during which a ship
arriving in port and suspected of being infected with a
malignant, contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all in-
tercourse with the city or place. 2. Restraint of inter-
course to which a ship is subjected on the presumption
that she may be infected, either for forty days or for any
other limited term. — 3. In law, the period of forty days,
during which the widow of a man dying seized of land,
has the privilege of remaining in the mansion-house.
aUAR-AN-TlNE', v. t. To prohibit from intercourse with
a city or its inhabitants ; to compel to remain at a distance
from shore for forty days, or for other limited period, on
account of real or supposed infection ; applied to ships, or
to persons and goods.
aUAR-AN-TiN'ED, (quor-an-teend') pp. Restrained from
communication with the shore for a limited period ; as a
ship or its crew and passengers.
aUAR-AN-TlN'ING, ppr. Prohibiting from intercourse
with the port ; as a ship, or its crew and passengers.
t aUAR'RE, for quarry.
Q,UARREL, n. [W. cweryl ; Fr. querelle ; L., It. querela ;
Sp. querella.] 1. A brawl ; a petty fight or scuffle ; from
I its noise and uproar. 2. A dispute ; a contest. 3. A
breach of friendship or concord ; open variance between
parties. 4. Cause of dispute. 5. Something that gives a
right to mischief, reprisal or action ; [obs.'\ 6. Objection ,
ill will, or reason to complain ; ground of objection or
dispute. 7. Something peevish, malicious, or disposed to
make trouble ; [obs.']
dUAR'REL, n. [W. gwarel.] 1. An arrow with a square
head ; [not used, unless in poetry.] 2. A pane of glass ; a
square.
aUAR'REL, V. i. [Fr. quereller.] 1. To dispute violently
or with loud and angry words ; to wrangle ; to scold. 2.
To fight ; to scuffle ; to contend ; to squabble ; tised of
two persons or of a small number. 3. To fall into vari-
ance. 4. To find fault ; to cavil. 5. To disagree • to be
at variance ; not to be in accordance in form or essence
aUAR'REL, v.t. 1. To quarrel with. B Jonson. 2. I'd
compel by a quarrel.
Q,UAR'REL-ER, n. One who quarrels, wrangles or fig^s.
ClUAR'REL-ING, ppr. Disputing with vehemence or loud
angry words ; scolding ; wrangling ; fighting j finding
fault ; disagreeing.
aUAR'REL-ING, n. Contention ; dispute in angry words ;
breach of concord ; a caviling or finding fault ; disagree-
ment.
dUAR'REL-OUS, a. Apt or disposed to quarrel ; petulant •
easily provoked to enmity or contention. [Little used.]
Q.UAR'REL-S6ME, a. Apt to quarrel ; given to brawls
and contention ; inclined to petty fighting ; easily irri-
tated or provoked to contest ; irascible 3 choleric ; petulant.
Q,UAR'REL-S6ME-LY, adv. In a quarrelsome manner;
with a quarrelsome temper ; petulantly. Hall.
aUAR'REL-SoME-NESS, n. Disposition to engage in con-
tention and brawls ; petulance.
aUAR'RIED, pp. Dug from a pit or cavern.
aU^R'RY, n. [Fr. carre, fox quarre.] 1. A square ; [obs.]
2. An arrow with a square head; [obs.] — 3. In falconry,
the game which a hawk is pursuing or has killed. — 4.
Among hunters, a part of the entrails of the beast taken,
given to the hounds.
aUAR'RY, n. [Fr. carriers ; Norm, quarrier.] 1. A place,
cavern or pit where stones are dug from the earth, or sep-
arated from a large mass of rocks. — 2. In Paris, the quar-
ries are a vast cavern under the city, several miles in
extent.
Q.UAR'RY, ?j. i. To prey upon, as a vulture or harpy. [.^
low word and not much used.] L'Estrange.
QUAR'RY, V. t. To dig or take from a quarry.
ClUAR'RY-ING, ppr. Digging stones from a quarry.
Q.UAR'RY-MAN, n. A man who is occupied in quarrying
stones.
Q,UART, (quort) n. [It. quarta ; Fr. quarte ; L. quartus.]
l.'The fourth part ; a quarter ; [obs.] 2. The fourth part
of a gallon ; two pints. 3. A vessel containing the fourth
of a gallon. 4. A sequence of four cards in the game of
piquet.
ClUART'AN, (quort'an) a. [L. quartanus.] Designating the
fourth ; occurring every fourth day.
ClUART'AN, n. 1. An intermitting ague that occurs every
fourth day, or with intermissions of seventy-two hours.
2. A measure containing the fourth part of some other
measure^
Q,UAR-Ta'TION, n. In chemistry and metallurgy, the op-
eration by which the quantity of one thing is made equal
to the fourth part of another thing.
dUART'ER, (quort'er) n. [Fr. quart, quartier ; It. quar-
tiere ; Sp. quartel ; D. kwartier ; G. quartier ; L. quartus.]
1. The fourth part.— 2. In weight, the fourth part of a
hundred pounds avoirdupois, or of 112 lb., that is, 28 lb. —
3. In dry measure, the fourth of a ton in weiglit, or eight
bushels. — 4. In astronomy, the fourth part of the moon's
period or monthly revolution. 5. A region in the hemi-
sphere or great circle ; primarily, one of the four cardinal
points. 6. A particular region of a town, city or country
— 7. Usually in the plural, quarters, the place of lodging
or temporary residence ; appropriately, the place where
officers and soldiers lodge. 8. Proper station.— 9. On
board of ships, quarters signifies the stations or places
where the officers and men are posted in action.— 10. In
military affairs, the remission or sparing of the life of a
captive or an enemy when in one's power ; mercy granted
by a conqueror to his enemy, when no longer able to de-
fend himself. 11. Treatmentshown toan enemy ; indul-
gence ; [rarely used.] 12. Friendship ; amity ; concord ;
[obs.] — 13. In the slaughter house, one limb of a quadru-
ped with the adjoining parts ; or one fourth part of the
carcass of a quadruped, including a limb.— 14. In the
menage, the quarters of a horse's foot are the sides of the
coffin, between the toe and the heel. — 15. In a siege
quarters are the encampment on one of the principal pas-
sages round the place besieged, to prevent relief and in-
tercept convoys. — 16. In seminaries of learning, a fourth
part of the year, or three months.— 17. The quarter of a
ship is the part of a ship's side which lies towards the
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— B]:jLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete .
QUA
662
QUE
stern, or the part between the aftmost end of the main-
chains and the sides of the stem, where it is terminated
by the quarter-pieces.— 18. In heraldry, one of the parts or
members of the first division of a coat that is divided into
four parts.
aUART'ER, V. t. 1. To divide into four equal parts. 2.
To divide ; to separate into parts. 3. To divide into dis-
tinct regions or compartments. 4. To station soldiers for
lodging. 5. To lodge ; to fix on a temporary dwelling.
6. To diet; [obs.] 7. To bear as an appendage to the
hereditEu-y arms.
aUART'ER, V. L To lodge ; to have a temporary resi-
dence.
aUART'ER-A6E, n. A quarterly allowance. Hudibras.
CIUART'ER-DaY, 71. The day that completes three months,
the quarter of a year ; the day when quarterly payments
are made of rent or interest.
aUART'EP.ED, fp. Divided into four equal parts or quait-
ers ; separated into distinct parts ; lodged ; stationed for
lodging.
aUART'ER-ING, -ppr. Dividing into quarters or into dis-
tinct parts ; stationing for lodgings.
aUyVR.T'ER-ING, n. 1. A station. Mountapi. 2. Assign-
ment of quarters for soldiers. 3. The division of a shield
containing many coats.
QUART'ER-LY, a. 1. Containing or consisting of a fourth
part. 2. Recurring at the end of each quarter of the year.
aUART'ER-LY, adv. Once in a quarter of a year.
aUART'ERN, n. The fourth part of a pint ; a gill.
aUAR-TETT', n. [It. quartetto.] I. In miisic, a composi-
tion for four performers. — 2. In poetry, a stanza of four
lines.
aUART'ILE, n. An aspect ot the planets, when they are
distant from each other a quarter of the circle, ninety de-
grees, or three signs.
Q.UART'0, n. [L. quartus.] A book of the size of the
fourth of a sheet ; a size made by twice folding a sheet,
which then makes four leaves.
(iUART'O, a. Denoting the size of a book, in which a
sheet makes four leaves.
Q.UARTZ, (quortz) n. [G. quartz.] A species of silicious
minerals, of various colors.
Q.UARTZ'Y, a. Pertaining to quartz ; partaking of the na-
ture or qualities of quartz ; resembling quartz. [Quartzy
is the regular adjective, and quartzose and quartzous may
be dispensed with.]
Q,UAS, n. In Russia, a drink of common domestic use.
GIUASH, V. t. [Sax. cwysan j D. kwetsen ; G. qitetschen ;
Fr. casser ; It. squassare ; L. quasso.l 1. Properly, to he3.t
down or beat in pieces ; to crush. 2. To crush "; to sub-
due. — 3. In law, to abate, annul, overthrow or make
void.
Q,UASH, V. i. To be shaken with a noise. Sharp.
Q.UASH, n. A species of cucurbita ; but in .America, pro-
nounced squash ; so called, probably, from its softness.
aUASH'ED, pp. Crushed ; subdued ; abated.
ClUASH'ING, ppr. Crushing ; subduing ; abating.
aUAS-SA'TION, n. [L. quassatio.] The act of shaking 3
concussion; the stafe of being shaken. Gayton.
Q,UAS'SIA, 71. A plant, or rather a genus of plants.
f Q.UAT, n. A pustule or pimple. Shak.
aUA'TER-CoUS'INS, (ka'ter-kuz'nz) 71. [L. quatuor, and
cousin.] Those within the first four degrees of kindred.
Skinner.
aUAT'ERN, a. [L.quaUrni.] Consistingof four ; fourfold 3
growing bv fours. Martyn.
aUA-TERN'A-RY, n. [L. quaternarius.] The number
four.
aUA-TERN'A-RY, a. Consisting of four. Oreo-cry.
aUA-TERN'I-ON, n. [L. quatemio.] 1. The num'ber four.
2. A file of four soldiers, .dots xii.
aUA-TERN'I-ON, v. t. To divide into files or companies.
UUA-TERN'I-TY, n. The number four. Broken.
aUATRAIN, n. [Fr.] A stanza of four lines rhyming al-
ternately. Dryden.
t aUAVE, for quaver.
t aUJ VE'MIRE, for quagmire.
Q,UA'YER, B i, [W . cwibiazo ; Sp. quiebro.] 1. To shake
tbe voice tc utter or form sound with rapid vibrations,
as in singing ; to sing with tremulous modulations of
voice. 2. To tremble ; to vibrate.
Q,Ua' VER, 71. 1. A shake or rapid vibration of the voice, or
a shake on an instrument of music. 2. A note and meas-
ure of time, in 7n?mc, equal to half a crotchet or the eighth
of a semibreve.
Q,Ua'VERED, a. or pp. Distributed into quavers.
QUa'VER-ER, n. A warbler.
Q.Ua'VER-ING, ppr. Shaking the voice or the sound or an
instrument.
aUA VER-ING, n. The act of shaking the voice, or of
making rapid vibrations of sound on an instrument of
music.
* Q,UAY, (ke) n. 'Ft. quai ; D kaai ,• Arm. qae.] A key ; a
mole or wharf "constructed in harbors for securing ves-
sels and receiving goods unlaaen or to be shipped on
board.
* aUAY, V. t. To furnish with quays J. Barlow
t QUeACH, 71. A thick bushy plot. Chapman.
t QUeACH, v. i. To stir ; to move. See Quick.
aUEACH'Y, a. 1. Shaking 3 moving, yielding or trembling
under the feet, as moist or boggy ground. 2 Thick 3
bushy 3 \^obs.]
QUeAN, 71. [Sax. cicfflTi, or ciceTi.] A worthless woman 3
a slut 3 a strumpet. Swift.
aUEAS'I-NESS, 71. Nausea 5 qualmishness; inclination to
vojnit.
QUeAS'Y, a. 1. Sick at the stomach 3 afiected with nau-
sea ; inclined to vomit. 2. Fastidious 3 squeamish 3 deli-
cate. 3. Causing nausea.
t aUECK, V. I. [G. quackehu] To shrink 3 to flinch.
Q-UEEN, 7!. [Sax. cwan, or cwen ; Goth, queins, qucns i
Dan. qvinde ; Sw. qvinna.] 1. The consort of a king ; a
queen consort. 2. A woman who 's the sovereign of a
kingdom 3 a queen-regent. 3. The sovereign of a swarm
of bees, or the female of the hive.— QweCTi of the meadows,
meadow-sweet, a plant. Lee.
dUEEN, V. i. To play the queen 3 to act the part or char-
acter of a queen. SMk.
aUEEN'-AP-PLE, n. A kind of apple, so called.
aUEEN-DOW'A-GER, n. The widow of a king,
Q,UEEN'GoLD, n. A royal duty or revenue belonging
to every queen of England during her marriage to the
king.
aUEEN'ING, n. An apple. Mortimer.
dUEEN'LTKE, a. Resembling a queen. Drayton.
QUEEN'LY, a. Like a queen 3 becoming a queen ; suita-
ble to a queen.
QUEER, a. [G, quer.] Odd ; singular ; hence, whimsical.
Spectator. _
QUEER, or QUIeR, n. The old form of quire, or choir, and
pronounced queer in Yorkshire, Eng. Bale,
QUEER'LY, adv. In an odd or singular manner.
QUEER'NESS, n. Oddity ; singularity 3 particularity.
QUEEST, 7i. A ring-dove, a species of pigeon. Todd.
QUEINT, p?-ei. and^;?. of quench. Gower.
QUELL, V. t. [Sax. cwellan ; Dan. qvceler.] 1. To crush ;
to subdue 3 to cause to cease. 2. To quiet 3 to allay ; to
reduce to peace. 3. To subdue 3 to reduce.
QUELL, V. i. To die 3 to abate. Spenser.
t QUELL, n. Murder. Shak.
QUELLED, ;>p. Crushed 3 subdued; quieted.
QUELL'ER, 71, One that crushes or subdues. Shak.
QUELL'ING, M^r. Crushing ; subduing ; reducing to peace.
QUELQUE'-CHOSE, (kek'shoze) n. [Fr.] A trifle ; a
kickshaw. Donne.
fQUEME, V. t. [Sax. cweman.] To please. Spenser.
QUENCH, V. t. [Sax. cwencan/] 1. To extinguish ; to put
out. 2. To still; to quiet; to repress. 3.~To allay or
extinguish. 4. To destroy. 5. To check ; to stifle.
t QUENCH, V. i. To cool ; to become cool. Shak.
QUENCH'A-BLE, a. That may be quenched or extin-
guished.
QUENCHED, pp. Extinguished; allayed; repressed.
QUENCHER, n. He or that which extinguishes.
QUENCH'ING, ppr. Extinguishing ; quieting ; stifling ; re-
pressing.
QUENCHLESS, a. That cannot be quenched or repressed 3
inextinguishable. Shak.
QUER'CIT-RON, 7f. [L. quercus.] The bark of the yellow
oak, used in dyeing. Bancroft.
t QUER'ELE, 7;. [L. querela ; Fr. querelle.] A complaint
to a_court. Ayliffe.
t QUe'RENT, n. [L. qxLerens.] The complainant 3 the
plaintiff".
QUe'RENT, «• [L. qumrens.] An inquirer. [Little used.]
QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS, a. [L. querimonia.] Complainuig 3
querulous ; apt to complain.
QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With complaint 3 queru-
lously.
QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. Disposition to complain 5 a
complaining temper.
QUe'RIST, 7!. [h. qiimro.] One who inquires or asks ques-
tions. Swift.
QUERK. See Quirk .
t QUERK'ENED, a. Choked.
QUERL, v.t. [G. querlen.] To twirl; to turn or wind
round; to coil. [This is a legitimate English word, in
common use in JVew England.]
QUERN, n. [Sax. cwyrn, ciceorn; Goth, quaim ; D. kweem. ;
Dan. gvern.] A hand-mill for grinding grain ; a mUl, the
stone of which was turned by hand, used before the in-
vention of windmills and watermills.
QUERP'O, n. [Sp. cuerpo : L. corpus ; Sp. en cuerpo de ca-
viisa, half dressed.] A waistcoat or garment close to the
body. Dryden.
QUER'QUE-DULE, n. [L. querquedula.] An aquatic fowl
a species of teal of the genus anas. Encyc
QUER'RY, 71. A groom. See Equerrt.
* See S-ifnopsis. A E I 6, tf, 7, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— y Obsolete.
QUI
663
QUI
UUER'U-LOUS, a. [L. quervlus.] 1. Complaining, or ha-
bitually complaining ; disposed to murmur. 2. Express-
ing complaint.
aUER'U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a complaining manner.
aUER'U-LOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to complain, or the
hfibit or practice of murmuring.
Q,Ue'RY, n. [L. quare.'] 'A question ; an inquiry to be an-
swered or resolved JVewton.
Q.yE'RY, V. i To ask a question or questions. Pope.
Q,Ue'RY, v. t. 1. To seek ; to inquire. 2. To examine by
questions. 3. To doubt of.
Q.UEST, n. [Fr. quite, for queste ,• L. qtuero, qucestus.] 1.
The act of seeking ; search. 2. Inquest ; a jury ; [obs.]
3. Searchers, collectively ; [obs.] 4. Inquiry ; examina-
tion ; [obs.] 5. Request ; desire ; solicitation.
taUEST, « i. To go in search.
QUEST, h. t. To search or seek for. Herbert.
taUESt'ANT, 71. A seeker. Shak.
CiUES'TION, (ques'chun) n. [Fr., Sp. question; L. qiKSS-
tio.] 1. The act of asking; an interrogatory. 2. That
wliich is asked ; something proposed which is to be solved
by answer. 3. Inquiry ; disquisition ; discussion. 4.
Dispute or subject of debate. 5. Doubt ; controversy ;
dispute. 6. Trial ; examination ; judicial trial or inqui-
ry. 7. Examination by torture. 8. Endeavor ; effort ;
act of seeking ; [obs.] — 9. In logic, a proposition stated by
way of interrogation. — In question, in debate ; in the course
of examination.
CIUES'TION, V. i. 1. To ask a question or questions ; to in-
quire by interrogatory or proposition to be answered. 2.
To debate by inter-ogatories. Shak.
dUES'TION, V. t. 1. To inquire of by asking questions; to
examine by interrogatories, 2. To doubt of; to be un-
certain of. 3. To have no confidence in; to treat as
doubtful.
aUES'TION-A-BLE,a. 1. That may be questioned ; doubt-
ful ; uncertain ; disputable. 2. Suspicious ; liable to be
doubted or disputed ; liable to suspicion.
aUES'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of be-
ing doubtful, questionable or suspicious.
GID ES'TION-A-RY, a. Inquiring; asking questions.
liUES'TIONED, pp. I. Interrogated; examined by ques-
tions. 2. Doubted ; disputed.
Q,U1]S'TI0N-ER, n. One that asks questions ; an inquirer.
aUES'TION-ING, ppr. Interrogating ; calling in question ;
doubting.
aUES'TION-IST, n. A questioner ; an inquirer. Hall.
QUES'TION LESS, adv. Beyond a question or doubt ;
doubtless ; certainly. South.
t Q,UEST'MAN, \n. A starter of lawsuits v r prosecu-
t aUEST'MoN-GER, \ tions. Bacon.
(iUES'TOR, n. [L. qucBstor.] In Roman antiquity, an officer
who had the management of the public treasure.
aUES'TOR-SHIP, n. I. The office of a questor or Roman
treasurer. 2. The term of a questor's office.
taUES'TRIST, n. A seeker; a pursuer. Shak.
(iUEST'U-A-RY, a. Studious of profit. Brown.
Q,UEST'U-A-RY, n. One employed to collect profits.
ClUEUE. See Cue.
Q.UIB, n. [W. cwip, gwib.] A sarcasm ; a bitter taunt ; a
quip ; a gibe.
aUlB'BLE, n. [W. cwipiaw or gwibiaw.] 1. A start or
turn from the point in question, or from plain truth ; an
evasion ; a cavil ; a pretense. 2. A pun ; a low con-
ceit.
aUIB'BLE, V. i. 1. To evade the point in question, or
plain truth, oy artifice, play upon words, caviling or any
conceit ; to trifle in argument or discourse. 2. To pun.
aUIB'BLER, n. 1. One who evades plain truth by trifling
artifices, play upon words, or cavils. 2. A punster.
t ClUICK, V. i. [Sax. cwic, cwiccian.] To stir ; to move.
GIUICK, a. [Sax. cwic ; D. kwik; G. quick ; Ban. qvik ; Sw.
qvick.] 1. Primarily, alive ; living. 2. Swift ; hasty ;
done with celerity. 3. Speedy ; done or occurring in a
short time. 4. Active ; brisk ; nimble ; prompt ; ready,
5. Moving with rapidity or celerity. — Q,uick with child,
pregnant with a living child.
aUICK, adv. 1. Nimbly; with celerity; rapidly; with
haste; speedily; without delay. 2. Soon; in a short
time ; without delay.
aUICK, n. [Sw. qviga.] 1. A living animal; [obs.] 2.
The living flesh ; sensible parts. 3. Living shrubs or trees.
fClUICK, V. t. [Sax. cwiccian.] To revive; to make alive.
Q,UICK, V. i. To become alive. Chaucer.
aUICK'-BEAM, or aUICK'EN-TREE, n. A tree, the wild
sorb, a species of wild ash. Mortimer.
aUICK'EN, (quik'n) v. t. [Sax, cwiccian ; Dan, qvager.]
1. Primarily, to make alive ; to vivify ; to revive or re-
suscitate, as from death or an inanimate state, Rom. iv,
2, To make alive in a spiritual sense ; to communicate a
principle of grace to. 3. To hasten ; to accelerate. 4.
To sharpen ; to give keener perception to ; to stimulate ;
to incite. 5, To revive ; to cheer ; to reinvigorate ; to
refresh by new supplies of comfort or grace. Ps. cxix.
aUICK'EN, (quik'n) v. i. 1. To become alive. Ray. 2. To
move with rapidity or activity. Pope.
QUICKENED, pp. 1. Made alive; revived; vivified,
remvigorated. 2. Accelerated ; hastened. 3. Stimulat-
ed ; incited.
Q,UI€K'EN-ER, n. I. One who revives, vivifies, or com-
municates life. 2. That which reinvigorates. 3. That
which accelerates motion or increases activity. More.
aUICK'EN-ING, ppr. Giving life ; accelerating ; incit
ing.
CiUI€K'-E"?ED, a. Having acute sight ; of keen and ready
perception.
aUICK'-GRASS. See Quitch-grass.
QUICK'LlME, n. Any calcarious substance deprived of its
fixed or carbonic air, or an earthy substance calcined ; a?
chalk, limestone, &c.
QUICK'LY, adv. 1. Speedily ; with haste or celerity. 2.
Soon ; without delay.
QUICK'-MATCH, n. A combustible preparation fonned of
cotton strands dipped in a boilmg composition of white
vinegar, saltpetre and mealed powder ; used by artillery-
men.
QUICK'NESS, n. 1. Speed ; velocity ; celerity ; rapidi-
ty. 2, Activity ; briskness ; promptness, 3, Acute-
ness of perception ; keen sensibility, 4. Sharpness , pun-
gency.
QUICK'S AND, n. 1. Sand easily moved or readily yielding
to pressure ; loose sand abounding with water. 2. Unsol-
id ground.
QUICK'SCENT-ED, a. Having an acute perception by the
nose ; of an acute smell.
QUICK'SET, n. A living plant set to grow, particularly for
a hedge. Evelyn.
QUICK'SET, v. t. To plant with living shrubs or trees for
a hedge or fence. Mortimer.
QUICK'SlGHT-ED, a. Having quick sight or acute dis-
cernment ; quick to see or discern. Locke.
QUICK'SIGHT-ED-NESS, n. Quickness of sight or dis-
cernment ; readiness to see or discern. Locke.
QUICK'SIL-VER, n. [that is, living silver, argentum vivum
so called from its fluidity.] Mercury.
QUICK'SIL-VERED, a. Overlaid with quicksilver.
QUICK'WIT-TED, a. Having ready wit. Shak.
QUID, n. A vulgar pronunciation of cud.
t QUi'DAM, n. [L.J Somebody. Spenser.
QUID'DA-NY, n. [G. quitte ; L. cydonium.] Marmalade ;
a confection of quinces prepared with sugar.
QUID'DA-TlVE, a Constituting the essence of a thing.
Encyc.
t QUID'DIT, n. [L. quidlibet, or Fr. que dit.] A subtilty ; an
equivocation. Shak.
QUID'DI-TY, n. [L. quid, what.] 1. A barbarous term
used in school philosophy for essence. 2. A trifling nice-
ty ; a cavil ; a captious question. Camden.
QUID'DLE, V. i. [L. quid, what.] To spend time in tri-
fling employments, or to attend to useful subjects in a
trifling or superficial manner. The word is also used as a
noun .
QUID'NUNC, n. [L. what now.] One who is curious to
know every thing that passes ; one who knows or pretends
to know all occmrences. Tatler.
QUID PRO QUO, [L.] In law, an equivalent ; something
given or done for another thing.
QUI-ESCE', (qui-es') v. i. [L. quiesco.] To be silent, as a
letter; to have no sound. M. Stuart.
QUI-ES'CENCE, ) n. [L. qwlescens.] I. Rest ; repose ;
QUI-ES'CEN-CY, ] state of a thing without motion. 2.
Rest of the mind ; a state of the mind free from agitation
or emotion. 3. Silence ; the having no sound.
QUI-ES'CENT, a. [L. quiescens.] 1, Resting ; being in a
state of repose ; still ; not movmg. 2. Not ruffled with
passion ; unagitated. 3. Silent ; not sounded ; having no
sound. M. Stuart,
QUI-ES'CENT, n. A silent letter. M. Stuart.
QUi'ET, a. [Fr. quiet j L. quietus; It. quieto.] 1. Still;
being in a state of rest ; not moving. Judg. xvi. 2. Still ;
free from alarm or disturbance ; unmolested. 3. Peacea-
ble ; not turbulent ; not giving oflfense ; not exciting con-
troversy, disorder or trouble ; mild ; meek ; contented.
4. Calm; not agitated by wind. 5. Smooth; unruffled.
6. Undisturbed ; unmolested. 7. Not crying ; not rest-
less.
QUi'ET, n. [L. quies.] 1. Rest; repose; stillness; the
state of a thing not in motion. 2. Tranquillity ; freedom
from disturbance or alarm ; civil or political repose. 3.
Peace ; security. Judg. xviii.
QUi'ET, v.t. 1. To stop motion ; to still ; to reduce to a
state of rest. 2. To calm ; to appease ; to pacify ; to lull ;
to tranquilize. 3. To allay ; to suppress.
QUi'ET-ED, pp. Made still ; calmed ; pacified.
QUi'ET-ER, n. The person or thing that quiets.
QUi'ET-ING, ppr. Reducing to rest or stillness ; appeasing ,
tranquilizing.
QUi'ET-ISM, n. Peace or tranquillity of mind; apathy ;
.•see iiynop-"^.
MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
QUI
664
QUI
dispassion ; indisturbance ; inaction. — In history, quietism-
is the system of the quietists, who maintained that relig-
ion consists in the internal rest or recollection of the
mind, employed in contemplating God and submitting to
his will.
Q,Ul'ET-IST, 71. One of a sect of mystics, originated by
Molino, a Spanish priest, who maintained the principles
of quietism.
ClUl'ET-LY, adv. 1. In a quiet state ; without motion ; in
a state of rest. 2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute or dis-
turbance ; peaceably. 3. Calmly ; without agitation or
violent emotion ; patiently
aUlET-NESS, 11. 1. A state of rest; stillness. 2. Calm;
tranquillity. 3. Freedom from agitation or emotion ;
calmness ; coolness. 4, Freedom from disturbance, dis-
order or commotion ; peace ; tranquillity.
t aUl'ET-SoME, a. Calm ; still ; undisturbed. Spenser.
Q,Ul'E-TUDE, 71. [Fr.] Rest; repose; quiet; tranquillity.
Q.UI-E'TUS, n. [L.] Rest; repose; death; hence, a final
discharge or acquittance ; that which silences claims.
aUILL, n. [Ir. cuille ; Corn, cuilan.] 1. The large, strong
feather of a goose or other large fowl ; used much for
writing-pens. 2. The instrument of writing. 3. The
spine or prickle of a porcupine. 4. Apiece of small reed
or other hollow plant, on which weavers wind the
thread which forms the woof of cloth. 5. The instru-
ment with Which musicians strike the strings of certain
instruments. Dryden. — To carry a good quill, to write
well.
dUILL, V. t. To plait, or to form with small ridges like
quills or reeds. [In the United States, this word is gener-
ally pronounced twill.']
dUIL'LET, n. [L. quidlibet.] Subtilty ; nicety ; fraudulent
distinction ; petty cant. ]_J<'ot rnuch used.] Shak.
GUILT, 71, [It. coltre ; L. culcita ; Ir. cuilt.] A cover or
garment made by putting wool, cotton or other substance
between two cloths and sewing them together.
Q,UILT, V. t. 1. To stitch together two pieces of cloth with
some soft and warm substance between them. 2. To sew
in the manner of a quilt.
dUILT'ED, pp. Stitched together, as two pieces of cloth,
with a soft substance between them.
aUILT'ING, ppr. Stitching together, as two cloths, with
some soft substance between them.
aUILT'ING, 71. 1. The act of forming a quilt.— 2. In JVeio
England, the act of quilting by a collection of females.
Q,Ul'NA-RY, a. [1,. quinarius.] Consisting of five.
QlUI'NATE, a. [L. quinque.] In botany, a quinate leaf is a
sort of digitate leaf having five leaflets on a petiole.
aUINCE, (quins) n. [Fr. coin, or coing.] The fruit of the
pyrv^ cydonia, so named from Cydonia, a town of Crete,
famous for this fruit.
aUINCE'-TREE "" "^^^^ ^""^^ which produces the quince.
t dUINCH, V. i. To stir, wince or flounce.
Q,UIN-eUN'CIAL, a. [from L. quincunx.] Having the form
of a quincunx. Ray.
Q,UIN'€UNX, n. [L. quinque and uncia.] In gardening,
the quincunx order is a plantation of trees disposed in a
square, consisting of five trees, one at each corner and a
fifth in the middle, thus, ;.: ; which order, repeated in-
definitely, forms a regular grove or wood.
Q.UIN-DEe'A-GON, n. [L. quinque, Gr. ScKa and ycovia.]
In geometry, a plain figui'e with fifteen sides and fifteen
angles.
aUIN-DE-CEM'ViR, n. [L. quinque, decern and vir.] In
Roman history, one of a collection or body of fifteen mag-
istrates whose business was to preside over the sacri-
fices.
aUIN-DE-CEM'VI-RATE, 71. The body of fifteen magis-
trates, or their office.
Q,UIN'I-A, ) n. In pharmacy, a substance prepared from
Q,UIN'INE, \ yellow bark (cinchona cordifolia,) possess-
ing, in a concentrated form, the tonic virtues of the bark,
and capable of forming salts with acids.
aum-aUA-GES'I-MA, n. [L. fifty.] Quinquagesima
Sunday, so called as being about the fiftieth day before
Easter ; Shrove Sunday.
Q.UIN-CIUAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. quinque and ayigulus.] Hav-
ing five angles or comers. Woodward.
aUIN-aUAR-TI€'U"-LAR, a. [L. quinque and articulus.]
Consisting of five articles. \_L.^L.] Sanderson.
atriN-aUE-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. quinque and capsvla.]
In botany, having five capsules to a flower.
QUIN-aUE-DEN TATE, a. [L. quinque and dentatus ;
dens.] In botany, five-toothed.
aUIN-QUE-F5'RI-0US, a. In botany, opening into five
parts. Lee.
Q,tJIN'Q.UE-FID, a. [L. quinque axvAfindo.] In botany, ^ye-
cleft ; cut into five segments with linear sinuses.
QUIX-aUE-FO'LI-A-TED, a. [L. quinque and folium.]
Having five leaves. .Tohnson.
Ql'IN-aUE-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. quinque and litera.] Con- j
sisting of five letters. M. Stuart. '
aUIN'aUE-LO-BATE, ) a. [L. quinque and lobus.] Five
aUIN'aUE-LoBED, i lobed.
aUIN-aUE-LO€ U-LAR, a. [L. quinque and loculus.]
Five-celled ; having five cells.
aUIN-aUEN'NI-AL, a. [L. q^uinquennalis.] Occurring
once in five years, or lasting five years.
aUIN-aUEP'AR-TITE, a. [L. quinque and partitus.] 1.
Divided into five parts almost to the base. 2. Consisting
of five parts.
aUIN aUE-REME, n. [L. quinque and rrnius.] A galley
having five seats or rows of oars.
aUIN'aUE-VALVE, ) a. [L. quinque and valvae.]
QUIN aUE-VALVU-LAR, \ Having five valves, as a
pericarp.
Q.UIiV'Q,UE-ViR, n. [L. quinque and vir.] One of an order
of five priests in Rome.
Q.UIN'SY, n. [Fr. esquinancie, squinancie ; It. squinanzia ,
Sp. esquinancia.] 1. An inflammatioLi of the throat ; a
species of angina which renders respiration difficult, or
intercepts it. 2. An inflammation of the fauces, particu-
larly of the tonsils.
Q,UINT, n. [L. quintus ; Fr. quinte.] A set or sequence of
five ; as in piquet.
ClUINT'AIN, 71. [Fr. quintaine.] Apost with a turning top.
aUINT'AL, 77. [Fr. quintal; It. quintale.] A hundred
pounds in weight ; or a weight of that number of pounds ;
sometimes written and pronounced kentle.
* aUIN-TES'SENCE, 7(. [L. quinta essentia.] 1. In al-
chemy, the fifth or last and highest essence of power in a
natural body. 2. An extract from any thing, containing
its virtues or most essential part in a small quantity. — 3.
In chemistry, a preparation consisting of the essential oil
of a vegetable substance, mixed and incorporated with
spirit of wine. 4. The pure, essential part of a thing.
aUIN-TES-SEN'TIAL, a. Consisting of quintessence.
Q,UINT'ILE, 71. [li. quintus.] The aspect of planets wheii
distant from each other the fi " "
degrees.
fifth part of the zodiac, or 72
Q,UINT'IN, n. [Fr. quintaine ; W. gwintan.] An upright
post, on the top of which turned a cross piece, on one end
of which was fixed a broad board, and on the other a sand
bag.
aUINT'U-PLE, a. [L. quintuplus.] Five-fold ; containing
five times the amount. Graunt.
QUIP, 71. [W. ^wip, gwipiaw.] A smart, sarcastic turn ; a
taunt ; a severe retort. Milton.
Q.UIP, V. t. To taunt ; to treat with a sarcastic retort.
aUIP, V. i. To scoff. Sidney.
aUIRE, 71. [Fr. choeur ; It. coro ; L. chorus ; Gr. X°P°^-}
1. A body of singers ; a chorus. [See Chorus and Choir.]
Milton. 2. The part of a church where the service -is
sung.
aUIRE, n. A collection of paper consisting of twenty-four
sheets, each having a single fold.
QUIRE, V. i. To sing in concert or chorus. Shak.
QUiR'IS-TER, 77. One that sings in concert ; more general-
ly, the leader of a quire, particularly in divine service ; a
chorister.
tQUIR-I-TA'TION, 71. [L. quiritatio.] A crying for help.
QUIRK, 71. [W. ^wired.] 1. Literally, a turn; a starting
from the point or line ; hence, an artful turn for evasion
or subterfuge ; a shift ; a quibble. 2. A fit or turn ; a
short paroxysm. 3. A smart taunt or retort. 4. A slight
conceit or quibble. 5. A flight of fancy ; [obs.] 6. An
irregular air.— 7. In building, a piece of ground taken out
of any regular ground-plot or floor.
QUiRK'ISH, a. 1. Consisting of quirks, turns, quibbles or
artful evasions. Barrow. 2. Resembling a quirk.
QUiRP'ELE, 71. The Indian ferret, an animal.
QUIT, V. t.; pret. and pp. quit, or quitted. [Fr. quitter ; It.
quitare ; Port., Sp. quitar ; D. kwyten ; G. quittiren ; Dan.
quittcrer ; Sw. quitta.] 1. To leave; to depart from,
either temporarily or forever. 2. To free ; to clear ; to
liberate ; to discharge from ; [L u.] 3. To carry through ,
to do or perform something to the end, so that nothing re-
mains ; to discharge or perform completely. — 4. To quit
one's self, reciprocally, to clear one's self of incumbent
duties by full performance. 5. To repay ; to requite, 6.
To vacate obligation ; to release ; to free from. 7. To
pay ; to discharge ; hence, to free from. 8. To set free ;
to release ; to absolve ; to acquit. 9. To leave ; to give
up; to resign; to relinquish. 10. To pay; [obs.] 11.
To forsake ; to abandon.— To quit cost, to pay ; to free
from by an equivalent ; to reimburse.— To quit scores, to
make even ; to clear mutually from demands by mutual
equivalents given.
QUIT, a. Free ; clear ; discharged from ; absolved.
QUI TAM, [L.] A qui tarn action, in law, is a popular ac-
tion, in which a man prosecutes an offender for the king
or state, as well as for himself.
QUITCH'-GRASS, 7i. [properly quick-grass.] Dog-grass ;
a syiecies of grass which roots deeply and is not easily
killed.
QUiT'CLAIM, V. t. [quit and claim.] To release a claim by
* See Synopsis. A, E, I O, C, % long.—FXR, FALL, WH^T j-FRfiY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— t Obsolete
RAB
665
kab
deed without covenants of warranty ; to convey to another
who hcith some right in lands or tenements, all one's right,
title and interest in the estate, by relinquishing all claim
to them. Hlackstone.
CiUIT'eLAIM, 11. A deed of release ; an instrument by
which all claims to an estate are relinquished to another
without any covenant of warranty, express or implied.
Z.Swift.
aUIT'CLAIMED, pp. Released by deed.
aUlT'eLAlM-lNG,p;)r. Conveying by deed of release.
(IIJITE, adv. [from quit.] Completely j wholly ; entirely j
totally ; perfectly ; as, the work is not quite done.
QUIT'-RENT, n. [L. quietus redittis.] A rent reserved in
grants of land, by the payment of wliich the tenant is
quieted or quit from all other service.
QUITS, ado. [from quit.] An exclamation used when mu-
tual demands are adjusted and the parties are even, each
quit of the other.
QUIT'TA-BLE, a. That may be vacated; that may be
given up. Markland.
aUIT'TAL, n. Return; repaymen. Shak.
aUlT'TANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. Discharge from a debt or obli-
gation ; an acquittance. Shak. 2. Recompense ; return ;
repayment. Shak.
t aUIT'TANCE, V. t. To repay. Shak.
QUIT'TED, pp Left ; relinquished ; acquitted.
aUIT'TER, n. 1. One who quits. 2. A deliverer ; [obs.]
Ainswortk. 3. Scoria of tin. Ainsworth.
aUIT'TER-BONE, n. In farriery, a hard, round swelling
on the coronet, between the heel and the quarter.
QUIVER, n. [qu. Fr. couvrir.'] A case or sheath for arrows.
t QUIVER, a. Nimble: active. Shak.
QUIVER, V. i. [D. huiveren.] 1. To shake or tremble ; to
quake ; to shudder ; to skiver. 2. To play or be agitated
with a tremulous motion,
QUIVERED, a. [from the neun quiver.] 1. Furnished
with a quiver. Milton. 2. Sheathed as in a quiver.
QUIVER-ING, ppr. Trembling, as with cold or fear ; mov-
ing with a tremulous agitation.
QUIVER-ING, 71. The act of shaking or trembling ; agita-
tion. Sidney.
QUIX-OT'I€, a. Like Don Quixote ; romantic to extrava-
gance.
QtJIX'OT-ISM, n. Romantic and absurd notions; schemes
or actions like those of Don Quixote.
QUIZ, 7i. [Norm, quis, qui..] An enigma ; a riddle or ob-
scure question.
QUIZ, V. t. To puzzle. [JSTot an elegant icord.]
QUO WAR'RAN-TO. In Law Latin, a writ brought be-
fore a proper tribunal, to inquire by what warrant a per-
son or corporation exercises certain powers.
QUOB, V. i. [W. gwapiaw.] To move, as the fetus in ute-
ro ; to throb. [Local and little used.]
QUOD. The same as quoth, he saith. Chaucer.
QUOD'LI-BET, n. [L. what you please.] A nice point ; a
subtilty. Prior.
QUOD-LIB-E-Ta'RI-AN, n. One who talks and disputes
on any subject at pleasure.
1 QUOD-LI-BET'I-CAL, a. Not restrained to a parliculai
subject ; moved or discussed at plfiasiu"e for Gurioi'ivy or
entertainment.
QUOu-L1-BET'I-€AL-LY, adv. At pleasure ; for curiosi-
ty ; so as to be deuated for entertainment.
QUOIF, n. [Ft. coiffe.] A cap or hood. [See Coif.] Shak.
QUOIF, V. t. To cover cr dress with a coif. Addison.
QUOIF'FURE, n. A head dress. Addison.
QUOIL. See Coil, the better word.
QUOIN, n. [Fr. coi/i, a corner ; Sp. cuna. See Coin.] 1
A corner. 2. Aji instrument to raise any tiling ; a wedge
employed to raise cannon. — 3. In architecture, the corner
of a brick or stone wall.
QUOIT, 71. [D. coite.] 1. A kind of horse-shoe to be pitch
ed or thrown at a fixed object in play. — In common prac-
tice, a plain flat stone is used for this purpose. — 2. In some
authors, the discus of the ancients, thrown in trials of
strength.
QUOIT, V. i. To throw quoits ; to play at quoits. Dryden.
t QUOIT, V. t. To throw. Shak.
QUOLL, n. An animal of New Holland.
QUON'DAM, used adjectively. [L.] Having been formerly ;
former; as, a quondam friend. Shak.
t QUOOK, pret. of quake. Spenser.
QUOP." See Quob.
QUo'RUM, 71. [L. gen. plu. of qui.] 1. A bench of jus-
tices, or such a number of officers or members as is com-
petent by law or constitution to transact business. 2. A
special commission of justices.
QUo'TA, 71. [Li.quotiis; It., Sp. quota.] A just part or
share ; or the share, part or proportion assigned to each.
* QUO-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of i^uoting or citing. 2.
The passage quoted or cited ; the part of a book or writing
named, repeated or adduced as evidence or illustration. —
3. In mercantile language, the naming of the price of com-
modities ; or the price specified to a correspondent. 4.
Quota ; share ; [obs.]
* QUOTE, V. t. [Fr. quottr, now coter.] 1. To cite, as a
passage from some author ; to name, f<^peat or adduce a
passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority or '
illustration. — 2. In commerce, to name, as the price of an
article. 3. To note.
* I QUOTE, n. A note upon an author. Cotgrave
* QUoT'ED, pp. Cited ; adduced ; named.
* QUoT'ER, 71. One that cites the words of an author or
speaker.
* QUoTH, V. i. [Sax. cwytlian, cythan ; Goth, quithan.] To
say ; to speak. This verb is defective, being used only in
the first and third persons in the present and past tenses,
as quoth I, quoth he ; and the nominative always follows
the verb.
* QUO-TID'I-AN, a. [L. quotidiaiius.] Daily ; occurring or
returning daily.
*QUO-TIDI-AN, 7!. 1. A fever whose paroxysms return
every day. 2. Any thing returning daily.
*QUo'TIENT,7i. [Fr.; L. quoties.] In arit/i7He«Jc, the number
resulting from the division of one number by another, and
showing how often a less number is contained in a greater.
R
Ris the eighteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and an
articulation sui generis, having little or no resemblance
in pronunciation to any other letter. But from the posi-
tion of the tongue in uttering it, it is commutable with I,
into ^yhich letter it is changed in many words by the
Spaniards and Portuguese, and some other nations ; as I
is also changed into r. It is numbered among the liquids
and semi-vowels, and is sometimes called the canine let-
ter. Its English uses, which are uniform, may be under-
stood by the customary pronunciation of rod, rose, bar,
bare, barren, brad, pride, drown. — In words which We
have received from the Greek language, we follow the
Latins, who wrote h after r, as rhapsody, rheum, rhetoric.
As an abbreviation, R., in English, stands for rez, king, as
George R.
As a numeral, R, m Roman authors, stands for 80, and, with
a dash over it, R, for 80,000.
RA, as an inseparable pre,fix or preposition, is the Latin re,
coming to us through the Italian and French, and prima-
rily signifying again, repetition. See Re.
RA-BaTE', v. t. [Fr. rabattre ; It. rabbattere.] In falconry,
to recover a hawk to the fist. Ainsicorth.
\ RA-Ba'TO, 77. [Fr. rabat.] A neckband or rufi".
RAB'BET, v. t. [Fr. raboter.] To pare down the edge
of a board or other piece of timber, for the purpose of re-
ceiving the edge of another piece by lapping and thus
uniting the two. 2. To lap and unite the edges of boards.
&c. — In ship carpentry, to let the edge of a plank into the
keel.
RAB'BET, 7i. A cut on the side of a board, &c. to fit it to
another by lapping ; a joint made by lapping boards, &c.
RAB'BET-ED, pp^ Pared down at the edge ; united by a
rabbet joint.
RAB'BET-ING, ppr. Paring down the edge of a board
unitins by a rabbet joint.
RAB'BET-PLANE, n. A joiner's plane for paring or cut-
ting square down Uie edge of a board, &c. Jiloxon
RABBI, I n [Ch. J<3">.] A title assumed by the Jewish
RAB'BIN, \ doctors, signifying master or lord.
RAB-BIN'I€, ) a. Pertaining to the Rabbins, or to their
RAB-BIN'I-€AL, \ opinions, learning and language.
RAB-BIN'I€, 72. The language or dialect of the Rabbins ;
the later Hebrew.
RAB'BIN-ISM, 7). A Rabbinic expression or phraseology ; a
peculiarity of the language of the Rabbins.
RAB'BIN-IST, n. Among the Jeios, one who adhered to the
Talmud and the traditions of the Rabbins.
RAB'BIN-ITE, n. The same as Rabbinist.
RAB'BIT, 7i. [said to be from the Belgic roMe, robbeken.}
A small quadruped, of the genus lepus, which feeds on
grass or other herbage, and burrows in the earth.
RAB'BLE, 71. [L. rabula; Dan. raaber ; B. rabbelen.] 1
A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, noisy people ; the mob ; a
confused, disorderly crowd. 2. The lower class of people,
♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f A?:*, f Obsolete
RAC e
wither t reference to an assembly j the dregs of the peo-
ple.
RAB'BLE, V. i. To speak in a confused manner.
RAB'BLE-CHARM'ING, a. Charming the rabble,
t RAB'BLE-MENT, n. A tumultuous crowd of low people.
BAB-DOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. pa^Sog and \oyos.] A method
of performing mathematical operations by little square
rods.
RAB'Ili a. [L. rabidus.] Furious ; raging ; mad ; as a rabid
dog or wolf
RAB ID-NESS, n. Furiousness ; madness.
RAB'IN-ET, n. A kind of smaller ordnance. Ainsworth.
RA'€A, n. A Syriac word signifying empty, beggarly, fool-
ish ; a term of extreme contempt. Matt. v.
RACE, n. [Fr. race.] 1. The lineage of a family, or con-
tinued series of descendants from a parent who is called
tlie stock. 9. A generation ; a family of descendants.
3. A particular breed. 4. A root; as race-ginger. 5. A
particular strength or taste of wine ; a kind of tartness.
Temple. Messenger.
RACE, n. [D. ras ; Sw. resa.] 1. A running ; a rapid
comse or motion, either on the feet, on horseback, or in a
carriage, &c. ; particularly, a contest in running ; a run-
ning in competition for a prize. 2. Any running with
speed. 3. A progress ; a course ; a movement or progres-
sion of any kind. 4. Course ; train ; process ; [ote.] 5.
A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or
passage for such a current. 6. By way of distinction, a
contest in the running of horses ; generally in the plural.
RACE, V. i. To run swiftly ; to run or contend in running.
RACE-6IN'GER, n. Ginger in the root, or not pulverizedr
RaCE'-HORSE, 71. A horse bred or kept for running in
contest ;_a horse that runs in competition.
RAC-E-Ma'TION, n [L. racemus.] 1. A cluster, as of
grapes. 2. The cuUivation of clusters of grapes.
RAC'EME, n. [L. racemus.] In botany, a species of inflo-
rescence. Martyn.
RAC-E-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. racemus and fero.] Bearing
racemes or clusters. Asiat. Res.
RAC'E-MOUS, a. Growing in racemes or clusters. Encyc.
Ra'CER, n. A runner ; one that contends in a race.
RACH. n. [Sax. rmcc ; Fr. braque.] A setting dog.
Ra'CI-NESS, 11. The quality of being racy.
RACK, n. [D. rek, rekker ; Sax. racan, rcBcan.] I. An en-
gine of torture, used for extorting confessions from crimi-
nals or suspected persons. 2. Torture ; extreme pain ;
anguish. 3. Any instrument for stretching or extending
any thing. 4. A grate on which bacon is laid. 5. A
wooden frame of open work, in which hay is laid for
horses and cattle for feeding. 6. The frame of bones of
an animal ; a skeleton. 7. A frame of timber on a ship's
bowsprit.
RACK, n. [Sax. hracca ; W. rhac] The neck and spine of
a fore quarter of veal or mutton.
RACK, n. [Sax. rec, rccan.] Properly, vapor ; hence, thin,
flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in
the sky.
RACK, w. [for arrack. See Arrack.] Among the Tartars,
a spirituous liquor made of mare's milk.
RACK, V. i. [Sax. recan.] 1. Properly, to steam ; to rise,
as vapor ; [see Reek.] 2. To fly as vapor or broken clouds.
RACK, t). t. 1. To torture ; to stretch or strain on the rack
or wheel. 2. To torment ; to torture ; to affect with
extreme pain or anguish. 3. To harass by exaction. 4.
To stretch ; to strain vehemently ; to wrest. 5. To
stretch ; to extend.
RACK, V. t. [Ar.] To draw off" from the lees ; to draw off",
as pure liquor from its sediment. Bacon.
RACKED, pp. 1. Tortured ; tormented ; strained to the
utmost. 2. Drawn off", as liquor.
RACK'ER, n. One that tortures or torments ; one that racks.
RACK'ET., n. 1. A confused, clattering noise, less loud than
uproar. 2. Clamor ; noisy talk. Swift.
RACK'ET, n. A snow shoe.
RACK-ET, V. i. To make a confused noise or clamor; to
frolick. Qray
RACK'ET, 71. [Fv. raquette ^ G. racket; D. raket.] The
instrument with which players at tennis strike the ball.
RACK'ET, V. t. To strike as with a racket. Hewyt.
RACK'ET-Y, a. Making a tumultuous noise.
RACKING, ppr. ^1. Torturing; tormenting; straining;
drawing off". 2. a. Tormenting ; excruciating.
RACK'ING, 71. 1. Torture ; a stretching on the rack. 9. Tor-
ment of the mind ; anguish. 3. The act of stretching
cloth on a frame for drying. 4. The act of drawing from
the sediment, as liquors.
RACK'ING-PACE, n. The racking-pace of a horse is an
amble, but with a quicker and shorter tread.
RACK'-RENT, n. An annual rent of tlie full value of the
tenement or near it. Blackstone.
RACK'-RENT-ED, a. Subjected to the payment of rack-
rent. Franklin.
RACK'-RENT-ER, n. One that is subjected to pay rack-
rent. Locke.
6 RAF
RACK'LESS, a. Careless The word used in the north of
England for reckless.
RAC-OON', n. An American quadruped. It is somewha*
larger than a fox, and its fur is valuable.
Ra'CY, a. [Sax. /trffis, or Sp., Port, rail.] Strong; flavor-
ous ; tasting of the soil ; as, racy wine. Johnson.
RAD, the old pret. of read. Spenser.
RAD, RED, ROD, an initial or terminating syllable in
names, is the D. raad, G. rath, counsel ; as in Conrad,
powerful in counsel ; Ethelred, noble counsel.
fRAO'DLE, V. t. To twist; to wind together.
RAD'DLE, 71. A long stick used in hedging ; also a hedge
formed by interweaving the shoots and branches of trees
or shrubs. Todd.
RAD'DOCK, or RUD'DOCK, n. [from red, ruddy.] A bird,
the redbreast. Shak.
Ra'DI-AL, a. [from L. radius.] Pertaining to the radius
or to the fore arm of the human body.
* Ra'DI-ANCE, ) n. [L. radians.] Properly, brightness
* Ra'DI-AN-CY, \ shooting in rays or beams; hence, In
general, brilliant or sparkling lustre ; vivid brightness.
*Ra'DI-ANT, a. Shooting or darting rays of light; beam-
ing with brightness ; emitting a vivid light or splendor.
* Ra'DI-ANT, n. In optics, the luminous point or object
from which light emanates, that falls on a mirror or lens.
* Ra'DI-ANT-LY, adv. With beaming brightness ; with
glittering splendor.
* Ra'DI-ATE, v. i. [L. radio.] 1. To issue in rays, as light ;
to dart, as beams of brightness ; to shine. 2. To issue
and proceed in direct lines from a point.
* Ra'DI-ATE, v. t. To enlighten ; to illuminate ; to shed
light or brightness on. [Usually irradiate ]
* Ra'DI-ATE, a. In botany, a rayed or radiate coral or flower
is a compound flower consisting of a disk, in which the
corollets or florets are tubular and regular, and of a ray, in
which the florets are irregular.
* Ra'DI-A-TED, pp. 1. Adorned with rays of light Addi-
son. 2. Having crystals diverging from a centre. Min-
eralogy.
* Ra'DI-A-TING, ppr. Darting rays of light; enlightening.
* RA-DI-a'TION, n. [L. radiatio.] 1. The emission and
difl!"usion of rays of light ; beamy brightness. 2. The
shooting of any thing from a centre, like the diverging rays
of light.
RAD'I-CAL, a. [Fr. ; L. radicalis.] 1. Pertaining to the
root or origin ; original ; fundamental. 2. Implanted by
nature ; native ; constitutional. 3. Primitive ; original ;
underived ; uncompounded. 4. Serving to origination. —
5. In botany, proceeding immediately from the root.
RAD'I-CAL, n. 1. In philology, a primitive word ; a radix,
root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word. 2. A
primitive letter ; a letter that belongs to the radix.— 3. In
chemistry, an element, or a simple constituent part of a
substance, which is incapable of decomposition.
RAD-I-CAL'I-TY, 71 1. Origination. Brown. 2. A being,
radical ; a quantity which has relation to a root. Bailey.
RAD'I-CAL-LY, adv. 1. Originally,; at the origin or root ;
fundamentally. 2. Primitively ; essentially ; originally ;
without derivation.
RAD'I-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being radical or funda-
mental.
RAD'I-CANT, a. [L. radicans.] In botany, rooting. Zee.
RAD'I-CATE, V. t. [L. radicatus.] To root ; to plant deep-
ly and firmly. Olanville.
RAD'I-CA^ED, j VP- or a. Deeply planted. Burke.
RAD-I-Ca'TION, n. 1. The process of taking root deeply.
2. In botany, the disposition of the root of a plant with
respect to the ascending and descending caudex and the
radicles.
RAD'I-CLE, 71. [L. radicula.] 1. That part of the seed of
a plant which upon vegetating becomes the root. 2. The
fibrous part of a root, by which the stock or main body of
it is terminated.
RA-DI-OM'E-TER, n. [L. radius, and Gr. ixerpov.] The
forestaff", an instrument for taking the altitudes of celestial
bodies.
RAD'ISH,7i. [Sax.rmdic; B.radijs; G.radiess; Ir. raidis.]
A plant of the genus raphanus, the root of which is eaten
raw. ,
* Ra'DI-US, 71. [L. ] 1. In geometry, a right line drawn or
extending from the centre of a circle to the periphery,
and hence thesemidiameter of the circle.— 2. In anatomy,
the exterior bone of the fore arm, descending along with
the ulna from the elbow to the wrist.— 3. In botany, a ray ;
the outer part or circumference of a compound radiate
flower, or radiated discous flower.
Ra'DIX, n. [L.] In etymology, a primitive word from
which spring other words. — 2. In logarithms, the base of
any system of logarithms, or that number whose logarithm
is unity. — 3. In algebra, radix sometimes denotes the root
of a finite expression, from which a series is derived.
fRAFF, 7;.t. [G. 7-c#'e7i.] To sweep; to snatch, draw or
huddle together ; to take by a promiscuous sweep.
St6 Synovsis, S, E. I, O, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T 5— PREY ;— PlN. MARINE, BIRD ;- f Obsolete
RAI
667
RAK
RAFF, n. 1. The sweepings of society ; the rabble ; the
mob [colluvies.] This is used chiefly in the compound or
duplicate, riffraff. 2. A promiscuous heap or collection ;
a jumble.
RAF'FLE, V. i. [Fr. rafter.] To cast dice for a prize, for
which each person concerned in the game lays down a
stake or hazards a part of the value.
RAF'FLE, n. A game of chance, or lottery in which sever-
al persons deposit a pait of the value of the thing, in
consideration of the chance of gaining it.
RAF'FLER, n. One who raffles.
RAF'FIAJUG, ppr. The act of throwing dice for a prize
staked by a number.
RAFF'-MER-CHANT, n. A timber-merchant ; a raft-mer-
chant. Yorkshire, Eng.
RAFT, 71. [Dan. raft ; Sax. reafian.] An assemblage of
boards, planks or pieces of timber fastened together hori-
zontally and floated down a stream ; a float. Pope.
fRAFTj^p. [Sax. reafian.] Torn j rent; severed.
RAFT'ER, n. [Sax. rcefter.] A roof timber ; a piece of
timber that extends from the plate of a building to the
ridge, and serves to support the covering of the roof. Pope.
RAFT'ERED, a. Built or furnished with rafters.
RAFT'Y, a. Damp ; musty. [Local.] Robinson.
RAG, 71. [Sax. hracod ; Dan. ragerie.] 1. Any piece of
cloth torn from the rest ; a tattered cloth, torn or worn till
its texture is destroyed. 2. Garments worn out ; prover-
bially, mean dress. 3. A fragment of dress.
RAG, V. t. [qu. Sax. wregian.] To scold ; to rail. [Local.]
, RaMI-BASH, or RAG'A-BRASH, n. An idle, ragged
person.
RAG-A-MUF'FIN, n. [qu. rag, and Sp. mofar.] A paltry
fellow ; a mean wretch. Swtft.
RAG'-BoLT, 71. An iron pin with barbs on its shank to re-
tain it in its place. Mar Diet.
*jlA6E, n. [Fr. rage.] 1. Violent anger accompanied with
furious words, gestures or agitation ; anger excited to fury.
2. Vehemence or violent exacerbation of any thing pain-
~ful. 3. Fury; extreme violence. 4, Enthusiasm ; rapture.
5. Extreme eagerness or passion directed to some object.
RAGE, V. i. 1. To be furious with anger ; to be exasperated
to fury ; to be violently agitated with passion. 2. To be
violent and tumultuous. 3. To be violently driven or
agitated. 4. To ravage ; to prevail without restraint, or
with fatal eflect. 5. To i»d driven with impetuosity ; to
act or move furiously. 6. To toy wantonly ; to sport ;
[obs.]
RaGE'FUL, a. Full of rage ; violent ; furious Sidney.
IRa'GER-Y, 71. Wantonness. Chaucer.
RAGK5, n. Rowley ragg, a species of silicious stone.
RAG'GED, a. [from rag.] 1. Rent or worn into tatters, or
till its texture is broken. 2. Broken with rough edges ;
uneven. 3. Having the appearance of being broken or
torn ; jagged ; rough with sharp or irregular points. 4.
Wearing tattered clothes. 5. Rough ; rugged.
RAG'GED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being dressed in tat-
tered clothes. 2. The state of being rough or broken
irregularly.
R A'GING, p;>r. [from raore.] 1, Acting with violence or fury.
2. a Furious; impetuous; vehemently driven or agitated.
Ra'GING, n. Fury; violence; impetuosity. Jonah i.
RA'GING-LY, adv. With fury ; with violent Impetuosity.
Hall.
RAG'MAN,7i. A man who collects or deals in rags.
RAG'MAN'S-RoLL, n. A roll or register of the value of
benefices in Scotland, made by Ragimund. See Rigma-
role.
RA-GoUT', ) , ,^ ^ 71. [Fr. ragout; Arm. ragoud.] A
RA-GOO', \^ ^ ' ( sauce or seasoning for excitmg a
languid appetite ; or a high-seasoned dish, prepared with
fish, flesh, greens and the like, stewed with salt, pepper,
cloves, &c.
RAG'STONE, n. A stone of the silicious kind.
RAG'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus senecio.
RAIL, 71. [G. riegel; W.rhail.] 1. A cross-beam fixed at
the ends in two upright posts. — 2. In the United States, a
piece of timber, cleft, hewed or sawed, rough or smooth,
inserted in upright posts for fencing. 3. A bar of wood
or iron used for inclosing any place ; the piece into which
baki;.ters are inserted. 4. A series of posts connected
witli cross-beams, by which a place is inclosed. — 5. In a
ship, a narrow plank nailed for ornament or security on a
ship's upper works.
RAIL, n. A bird of the genus rallus. Encyc.
RaIL, 71. [Sax. hriBgle, rcegle.] A woman's upper gar-
ment; retained in the word nightrail.
RAIL, V. t. 1. To inclose with rails. 2. To range in a line.
RAIL, V. i. [D. rallen ; Sp. rallar.] To utter reproaches ;
to scofi"; to use insolent and reproachful language ; to re-
proach or censure in opprobrious terms. Swift.
RAIL'-BtRD, 71. A bird of the genus cuculus.
RAIL'ER, 77. One who scoffs, insults, censures or reproaches
with opprobrious language. South.
RAIL'ING, ppr. 1. Clamoring with insulting larigungfl,
uttering reproachful words. 2. a. Expressing reproach ,
insulting.
RAIL ING, 71. Reproachful or insolent language. 1 Pet. iii.
RaIIVING, ppr. Inclosing with rails.
RaIL'ING, n. ]. A series of lails ; a fence. 2. Rails in
general ; or the scantling for raib.
RAIL'ING-LY, adv. With scoffing or insulting language.
*RAIL'LER-Y, or RAL'LbVRY, n. [Fr. raillerie.] Banter j
jesting language ; good-humored pleasantry or slight sa-
tire ; satirical merriment. Addison.
fRAIL'LEUK, 77. [Fr.] A banterer ; a jester ; a mocker.
RAI'MENT, V. [for arrayment.] 1. Clothing in general ;
vestments ; vesture ; garments. 2. A single garment.
RAIN, v.i. [Sax. hregnan, regnan, reman, niiau ; Goth.
rign,] 1 To fall in drops from the clouds, as water ;
u^ed mostly with it for a nominative. 2. To fall or drop
like rain.
RAIN, V. t. To pour or shower down from the upper re-
gions, like rain from the clouds.
RAIN, 71. [Sax. roign, regn, ren.] The descent of water
in drops_from the clouds ; or the water thus falling.
IRAIN'BeAT, a. Beaten or injured by the rain. Hall.
RAIN'BoW, n. A bow, or an arch of a circle, consisting of
all the colors formed by the refraction and reflection of
rays of light from drops of rain or vapor, appearing in the
part of the hemisphere ». pposite to the sun.
RAIN'-DEER, n. [Sax. hrana.] The rane, a species of
the cei-vine genus.
RAIN'I-NESS, 71. The state of being rainy.
RA!N'WA-TER, n. Water that has fallen from the clouds.
RAIN'Y, a. Abounding with rain ; wet ; showery.
RAIP, n. A rod to measure ground.
RAISE, (raze) v. t. [Goth, raisyan, ur-raisyan.] 1. To lift ;
to take up ; to heave ; to lift from a low or reclining pos-
ture. 2. To set upright. 3. To set up ; to erect ; to set
on its foundations and put together. 4. To build. 5. To
rebuild. 6. To form to some height by accumulation. 7.
To make ; to produce ; to amass. 8. To enlarge ; to am-
plify. S/iaA:. 9. To exalt; to elevate in condition. 10. To
exalt ; to advance ; to promote in rank or honor. 11. To
enhance; to increase. 12. To increase in current value.
13. To excite ; to put in motion or action. 14. To excite
to sedition, insurrection, war or tumult; to stir up. 15.
To arouse ; to awake ; to stir up. 16. To increase in
strength ; to excite from languor oi weakness. 17. To
give beginning of importance to ; to elevate into reputa-
tion. 18. To bring into being. 19. To bring from a state
of death to life. 20. To call into view from the state of
separate spirits. 21. To invent and propagate ; to origin-
ate ; to occasion. 22. To set up ; to excite ; to begin l)y
loud utterance. 23. To utter loudly ; to begin to sound
or clamor. 24. To utter with more strength or elevation ;
to swell. 25. To collect; to obtain ; to bring into a sum
or fund. 26. To levy ; to collect ; to bring into service.
27. To give rise to. 28. To cause to grow ; to procure to
be produced, bred or propagated. JVew England. 29. To
cause to swell, heave and become light. 30. To excite ,
to animate with fresh rigor. 31. To ordain ; to appoint ,
or to call to and prepare ; to furnish with gifts and qualifi-
cations suited to a purpose ; a Scriptural sense. 32. To
keep in remembrance. Ruth iv. 33. To cause to exist by
propagation. Matt. xxii. 34. To incite ; to prompt. Ezra
i. 35. To increase in intensity or strength. — 36. In sea-
men's language, to elevate, as an object by a gradual ap-
proach to it ; to bring to be seen at a greater angle.
To raise a purchase, in seamen^s language, is to dispose in-
struments or machines in such a manner as to exert any
mechanical force required. — To raise a siege, is to remove
a besieging army, and relinquish an attempt to take the
place.
RAISED, pp. Lifted ; elevated ; exalted ; promoted ; set
upright ; built ; made or enlarged ; produced ; enhanced ;
excited ; restored to life ; levied j collected ; roused ; in-
vented and propagated ; increased.
RAIS'ER, n. One who raises ; that which raises; one that
builds ; one that levies- or collects ; one that begins, pro-
duces or propagates. Bacon, Taylor.
*RAIS'IN, (razn) n. [Fr., Jr.; Arm. rcesin, resin i D
roiyn : G. rosine.] A dried grape.
RAIS'I-NG,7)p-. Lifting; elevating ;jSetting upright ; exalt-
ing; producing; enhancing; restoring to life ; collecting,
levying ; propagating, <Stc.
RAIS'ING, 71. 1. The act of lifting, setting up, elevating,
exalting, producing, or restoring to life. — 2. In JVe?c £71^--
land, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a
building.
RA'JAH, or RA'JA, 71. [L. rex, regis.] In India, a prince.
Encrjc.
RA'JAH-SHTP, 71. The dignity or principality of a rajah.
RAKE, n. [Sax.raca, race; G.rechsn; Ir.raca.] An in-
strument consisting of a head-piece, in which teeth are
inserted, and a long handle ; used for collecting hay or
other light things.
' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete
RAM
668
KAN
£AKB, n [Dan. rcskel.] A loose, disorderly, vicious man ;
a man addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vicei.
Pope.
RAKE, n. [Sax. racan.] 1. The projection of the upper
parts of a ship, at the height of the stem and stem, be-
yond the extremities of the keel. 2. The inclination of a
maat from a perpendicular direction.
RAKTSi, V. t. [Sax. racian ; Sw.raka; Ban. rager.] 1. Prop-
erly, to sicrape ; to rub or scratch with something rough.
2. To gather with a rake. 3. To clear with a rake ; to
smooth with a rake. 4. To collect or draw together
something scattered ; to gather by violence. 5. To scour ;
to search "Vich eagerness all corners of a place. — 6. In the
military art, to enfilade ; to fire in a direction with the
length of any thing ; particularly in naval engagements,
to rake is to cannonade a ship on the stern or head, so
that the balls range the whole length of the deck.— To
rake up, applied to fire, is to cover the fire with Eishes.
RAKE, V. i. 1. To scrape ; to scratch into for finding some-
thing; to search minutely and meanly. 2. To search
with minute inspection into every part. 3. To pass
with violence or rapidity. 4. To seek by raking. 5.
To lead a dissolute, debauched life. 6. To incline from
a perpendicular direction.
RaKED, pp. Scraped ; gathered with a rake ; cleaned with
a rake ; cannonaded fore and aft.
RaKE'HELL, 71. [Dan. rcekel.] A lewd, dissolute fellow ; a
debauchee ; a rake
RAKE'HELL, a. Base ; wild ; outcast ; worthless Spea-
ser.
RaKE'HEL-LY, a. Dissolute 3 wild. B.Jonson.
RaK'ER, 11. One that rakes
RaKE'SHAME, 71. A vile, dissolute wretch, Milton.
RaK'ING, ppr. 1. Scraping ; gathering with a rake ; clean-
ing and smoothing with a rake ; cannonading in the direc-
tion of the length ; inclining. 2. a. That rakes.
RaK'ING, n. 1. The act of using a rake ; the act or opera-
tion of collecting with a rake, or of cleaning and smoothing
with a rake. 2. The space of ground raked at once ; or
the quantity of hay, &c. collected by once passing the
rake.
RaK'ISH, a. Given to a dissolute life ; lewd ; debauched.
RaKISH-NESS, n. Dissolute practices.
RAL'LY, V. t. [Fr. railier.] 1. To reunite ; to collect and
reduce to order troops dispersed or thrown into confusion.
2. To collect ; to unite ; as things scattered.
RAL'LY, V. t. [Fr. railier.] To treat with good humor and
pleasantry, or with slight contempt or satire, according to
the nature of the case.
RAL'LY, V. i, 1. To assemble ; to unite. 2. To come back
to order. 3. To use pleasantry or satirical merriment.
RAL'LY, n. 1. The act of bringing disordered troops to their
ranks. 2. Exercise of good humor or satirical merri-
ment.
RAM, 71. [Sax., D. ram; G. ramm.] 1. The male of the
sheep or ovme genus ; in some parts of England called a
tup, — 2. In astronomy, Aries, the sign of the zodiac which
the sun enters on the 21st of March. 3. An engine of
war, used formerly for battering and demolishing the walls
of cities ; called a battering-ram.
RAM, V. t. [G. ramm 671 ; D. rammeijen ; Dan. ram/er.] I.
To thrust or drive with violence ; to force in ; to drive
down or together. 2. To drive, as with a battering ram.
3. To stuff; to cram.
RAM, a. Stinking. Morth of England.
RAM'A-DAN, n. Among the Mohammedans, a solemn sea-
son of fasting.
RAM' AGE, n. [L. ramus ; Fr. ramage.] 1. Branches of
trees ; [obs,] 2. The warbling of birds sitting on boughs.
- See Rummage.
t RAM' AGE, a. [Old Fr. ramaage.] Wild; shy. Chaucer.
RAM'BLE, v.i. [It. ramengare.] 1. To rove; to wander;
to walk, ride or sail from place to place, without any de-
terminate object in view ; or to visit many places ; to rove
carelessly or irregularly. 2. To go at large without re-
straint and without direction. 3. To move without cer-
tain direction.
RAM'BLE, n. A roving ; a wandering ; a going or moving
from place to place without any determinate business or
object; an irregular excursion.
RAM'BLER, n. One that rambles ; a rover ; a wanderer.
R AM'BLING, ppr. Roving; wandering; moving or going
irregularly,
RAM'BLING n. A roving ; irregular excursion. South.
RAM'BOOZE, ) n. A drink made of wine, ale, eggs and
RAM'BUSE, ) sugar in winter, or of wine, milk, sugar
and rose-water in summer. Bailey.
RAiM'E-KIN, } n. [Fr. ramequin.] In cookery, small
RAM'E-Q.UINS, \ slices of bread covered with a farce of
cheese and eggs.
RAM'ENTS,7i.[L.rfflTOe?!ia.] 1. Scrapings ; shavings; [obs.]
—2. In botany, loose scales on the stems of plants. Lbme.
Ra'ME-OUS, a. [L. ramus.] In botany, belonging to a
branch ; growing on or shooting from a branch. Lee.
RAM-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The process of branching
or shooting branches from a stem. 2. A branch ; a small
division proceedmg from a main stock or channel. 3. A
division or subdivision. — 4. In botany, the manner in
which a tree produces its branches or boughs. 5. The
production of figures resembling branches. Eucyc.
RAM'I-FlED, pp. Divided into branches.
RAM'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. ramifier.] To divide into branches or
parts.
RAM'I-FY, V. i. 1. To shoot into branches, as the stem of a
plant. 2. To be divided or subdivided.
R AM'I-FY-ING , ^;7r. Shooting into branches or divisions.
RAM'ISH, a. [Dan. ram.] Rank; strong-scented.
RAM'ISH-NESS, n. Rankness ; a strong scent.
RAMMED, pp. [See Ram.] Driven forcibly.
RAM'MER, 71. 1. One that rams or drives. 2. An instru-
ment for driving any thing with force. 3. A gun-stick ;
a ramrod ; a rod for forcing down the charge of a gun.
RAM'MING, ppr. Driving with force.
RAM'MY, a. Like a ram ; strong-scented. Burton.
RA-MOON', n. A tree of America.
Ra'MOUS, a. [L. ramosus.] I. In botany, branched, as a
stem or root ; having lateral divisions. 2. Branchy ; con-
sisting of branches ; full of branches.
RAMP, v.i. [¥x. Tamper ; It. rampa,rampare.] 1. To climb,
as a plant ; to creep up. 2 To spring ; to leap ; to bound ;
to prance ; to frolick. In this sense usually written and
pronounced romp.
RAMP, n. A leap ; a spring ; a bound. Milton.
RAM-PALL'IAN, n. A mean wretch. Shak.
RAMP'AJN-CY, 7!. Excessive grow ih or practice ; excessive
prevalence ; exuberance ; extravagance. South.
RAMP'ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Overgrowing the usual bounds;
rank in growth ; exuberant. 2. Overleaping restraint. —
3. In heraldry, applied to the lion, leopard or other beast,
rampant denotes the animal reared and standing on his
hind legs, in the posture of climbing.
RAMTART, n. [Fr. rempart.] 1. In fortification, an eleva-
tion or mound of earth round a place, capable of resisting
cannon shot, and formed into bastions, curtains, &c. 2.
That which fortifies and defends from assault ; that which
secures safety.
t RAM'PART, V. t. To fortify with ramparts. Shak.
RAM'PI-ON, n. [from ramp.] The name of several plants.
t RAMP'IRE, 71. The same as rampart.
RAM'SONS, n. A plant, a species of allium,
RAN, the pret. of run. In old writers, open robbery.
RAN-CES'CENT, a. [L, ranceo.] Becoming rancid or sour.
t RANCH, V. t. [corrupted from wrench.] To sprain ; to in-
jure by violent straining or contortion. Dryden.
RAN'CID, a. [L. rancidas.] Having a rank smell ; strong
scented ; sour ; musty. Arbuthnot.
RAN-CID'I-TY, \ n. The quality of being rancid ; a strong,
RAN'CTD-NESS, \ sour scent, as of old oil.
RAN'€OR, n. [L.] 1. The deepest malignity or spite ; deep-
seated and implacable malice; inveterate enmity. 2
Virulence ; corruption.
RAN'€OR-OUS, a. Deeply malignant ; implaca"bly spiteful
or malicious ; intensely virulent.
RAN'€OR-OUS-LY, adv. With deep malignity or spiteful
malice.
RAND, 71. [G., D., Dan. rand.] A border ; edge ; margm ;
as the rand of a shoe.
RAN'DOM, 71. [Norm., Sax. randun.] 1. A roving motion or
course without direction ; hence, want of direction, rule
or method ; hazard ; chance ; used in the phrase at ran-
dom, that is, without a settled point of direction. 2.
Course; motion; progression; distanceof a body thrown.
RAN'DOM, a. 1. Done at hazard or without settled aim or
purpose ; left to chance 2. Uttered or done without pre-
vious calculation.
RAN'DOM-SHOT, n. A shot not directed to a point, or a
shot with the muzzle of the gmi elevated above a hori-
zontal Une. Mar. Diet.
RAN'DY, a. Disorderly ; riotous. [Local.] Grose.
RANE, ) n. [Sax. /47-a7(a ; Fr. renne ; D. rendier ; G<,
RaNE'DEER, i rennthier.] A species of deer found in the
northern parts of Europe and Asia.
RAN Force, n. The ring of a gun next to the vent.
RANG, the old pret. of ring. [JVearly obsolete.]
RANGE, V. t. [Fr. ranger,] 1. To set in a row or in rows ;
to place in a regular line, lines or ranks ; to dispose in the
proper order. 2. To dispose in proper classes, orders or
divisions. 3. To dispose in a proper manner ; to place in
regular method. 4. To rove over; to pass over. 5. To
sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near.
RANGE, V, i. 1. To rove at large ; to wander without re-
straint or direction. 2. To be placed in order ; to be
ranked. 3. To lie in a particular direction. 4. To sail
or pass near or in the direction of.
RANGE, n. [Fr. ranges.] 1. A row ; u rank ; things in a
line ; as a range of buildings. 2.. A class ; an order. 3
A wandering or roving ; excursion. 4. Space or room for
excursion. 5. Compass or extent of excursion ; space
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tj, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
RAN
RAP
taken in by any thing extended or ranked in order. 6.
Tlie step of a ladder. 7. A kitchen grate. 8. A bolting-
sieve to sift meal. — 9. In gunnery, tlie path of a bullet or
bomb, or the line it describes from the mouth of the piece
to the point where it lodges j or the whole distance which
it passes.
RaN6ED, pp. Disposed in a row or line ; placed in order j
passed in roving ; placed in a particular direction.
RaNO'ER, w. 1. One that ranges J a rover; arobber; [Lm.]
2. A dog that beats the ground. — 3. In England, a sworn
officer of a forest, whose business is to walk through the
forest, watch the deer, &c.
RaNG'ER-SHIP, n. The office of the keeper of a forest.
RaN6'ING, ppr. Placing in a row or line ; disposing in or-
der, method or classes ; roving j passing near and in the
direction of.
RaNG'ING, 71. The act of placing in lines or in order ; a
roving, &c.
RANK, n. [Ir. ranc ; W. rhenc ; Arm. rencq ; Fr. rang.]
1. A row or line, applied to troops ; a line of men standing
abreast or side by side, and, as opposed to file, a line run-
ning the length of a company, battalion or regiment. 2.
Ranks, in the plural, the order of common soldiers. 3. A
row ; a line of things, or things in a line. 4. Degree ;
grade; in military affairs^ as the rank of captain. 5.
Degree of elevation in civil life or station ; the order of
elevation or of subordination. 6. Class ; order ; division ;
any portion or number of things to which place, degree
or order is assigned. 7. Degree of dignity, eminence or
excellence. 8. Dignity ; high place or degree in the or-
ders of men. — Rank and file, the, order of common soldiers,
— To fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, or a com-
petent number. — To take rank, to enjoy precedence, or to
have the right of taking a higher place.
RANK, a. [Sax, ranc j Sp., It. mncio j Ij. ? ancidus.] 1.
Luxuriant in growth ; being of vigorous growth. 2. Caus-
ing vigorous growth ; producing luxuriantly ; very rich
and fertile. 3. Strong-scented. 4. Rancid ; musty. 5.
Inflamed with venereal appetite. 6. Strong to the taste ;
high-tasted. 7. Rampant ; high-grown ; raised to a higJi
degree ; excessive. 8. Gross ; coarse. 9. Strong ; clincli-
ing. 10. Excessive ; exceeding the actual value. — To set
rank, as the iron of a plane, to set it so as to take off a
thick shaving.
RANK, v.t. 1. To place abreast or in a line. 2. To place
in a particular class, order or division. 3. To dispose
methodically ; to place in suitable order.
RANK, V. i. 1. To be ranged ; to be set or disposed ; as in a
particular degree, class, order or division . 2.. To be placed
in a rank or ranks. 3. To have a certain grade or de-
gree of elevation in the orders of civil or military life.
RANKED, pp. Placed in a line ; disposed in an order or
class ; arranged methodically.
RANK'ER, n. One that disposes in ranks ; one that ar-
ranges.
RANK'ING, ppr. Placing in ranks or lines ; arranging ;
disposing in orders or classes ; having a certain rank or
grade.
RAN'KLE, V. i. 1. To grow more rank or strong ; to be in-
flamed ; to fester. 2. To become more violent ; to be in-
flamed ; to rage.
RANK'LY, adv. 1. With vigorous growth. 2. Coai-sely;
grossly.
RANK'NESS, n. 1. Vigorous growth ; luxuriance ; exuber-
ance. 2. Exuberance ; excess ; extravagance. 3. Extra-
ordinary strength. 4. Strong taste. 5. Rancidness ; rank
smell. 6. Excessiveness.
^AN'NY, n. The shrew-mouse. Brown.
RAN'SACK, V. t. [Dan. randsager ; Sw. ransaka ; Gaelic,
1-ansuchadh.] 1. To plunder ; to pillage completely ; to
strip by plundering. 2. To search thoroughly ; to enter
and search every place or part. 3. To violate ; to ravish ;
[obs.]
RAN'SA€KED, pp. Pillaged ; searched narrowly.
RAN'SA€K-ING, ppr. Pillaging ; searching narrowly.
RAN'SoM, n. [Dan. ranton ; Sw. ranson ; G. ranzion ;
Norm, raancon ; Fr. rangon,] 1. The money or price paid
for the redemption of a prisoner or slave, or for goods cap-
tured by an enemy. 2. Release from captivity, bondage
or the possession of an enemy.— 3. In law, a sum paid for
the pardon of some great offense and the discliarge of the
offender ; or a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment. —
4. In Scripture, the price paid for a forfeited life, or for
delivery or release from capital punishment. 5. The
price paid for procuring the pardon of sins and the re-
demption of the sinner from punishment.
RAN'SoM, V. t. [Sw. ransonera ; Dan. ranconerer ; Fr.
rangonner.] 1. To redeem from captivity or punishment
by paying an equivalent. 2. To redeem from the posses-
sion of an enemy by paying a price deemed equivalent.
— 3. In Scripture, to redeem from the bondage of sin, and
irom the punishment to which sinners ai-e subjected by the
divine law. 4. To rescue ; to deliver. Hos. xiii.
RAN'SoMED, pp. Redeemed or rescued from captivity.
bondage or punishment by the payment of an equiva-
lent.
RAN'SoM-ER, n. One that redeems
RAN'SoM-ING, ppr. Redeeming from captivity, bondage
or punishment by giving satisfaction to the pcssessor ;
rescuing ; liberating.
RAN'SoM-LESS, a. Free from ransom. Shak.
RANT, V. i. [W. rhonta.] To rave in violent, high-sound-
ing or extravagant language, without correspondent dig-
nity of thought ; to be noisy and boisterous in words or
declamation.
RANT, n. High-sounding language without dignity of
thought ; boisterous, empty declamation.
RANTER, 71. A noisy talker ; a boisterous pieacher
RANT'ING, ppr. Uttering high-sounding words without
solid sense; declaiming or preaching with boisterous
empty words.
RANT'I-POLE, a. Wild ; roving ; rakish. [j1 low word.]
Congreve.
RANT'I-POLE, t;. i. To run about wildly. {Low.]Jirluth.
RANT'ISM, 71. The practice or tenets of ranters.
RANT'Y, a. Wild ; noisy ; boisterous.
RAN'U-LA, 71. [L. rana.] A swelling under the tongue,
similar to the encysted tumors in different parts of the
liody.
RA.-N UN'eU-LUS, n. [L.] In botany, crowfoot, a genus of
piants.
RAP, 7). t. [Sax. hrepan, hreppan, repan ; L. rapio ; Sw.
rappa.] To strike with a quick, sharp blow ; to knock.
RAP, V. t. To strike with a quick blow ; tojfcnock Torap
out, to utter with sudden violence. Addison.
RAP, V. t. I. To seize and bear away, as the mind or
thoughts; to transport out of one's self; to affect with
ecstasy or rapture. 2. 'J'o snatch or hurry away. 3. To
seize by violence. 4. To exchange ; to truck ; [low, and
not used.] — To rap and rend, to seize and tear or strip ; to
fall on and plunder ; to snatch by violence.
RAP, 71. A quick, smart blow ; as a rap on the knuckles.
RA-Pa'CIOUS, a. [L. rapax.] 1. Given to plunder; dis-
posed or accustomed to seize by violence ; seizmg by
force. 2. Accustomed to seize for food; subsisting on
prey or animals seized by violence.
RA-Pa'CIOUS-LY, adv. By rapine ; by violent robbery or
seizure,
RA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, 77. The quality of being rapacious ;
disposition lo plunder or to exact by oppression.
RA-PAC'I-TY, 71. [Fr. rapacite ; L. rapacitas.] 1. Addict
edness to plunder; the exercise of plunder; the act or
practice of seizing by force. 2. Ravenousness. 3. The
act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive in-
justice.
RAPE, n. [L. rafw, raptus ,- It. ratto ; Fr. rapt.] I. In a
general sense, a seizing by violence ; also, a seizing and
carrying away by force, as females. — 2. In law, the carnal
knowledge of a woman forcibly and against her will.
Blackstone. 3. Privation; the act of seizing or taking
away. 4. Something taken or seized and carried away.
5. Fruit plucked from the cluster. 6. A divisi.on of a
county in Sussex, in England ; or an intermediate di
vision between a hundred and a shire, and containing
three or four hundreds.
RAPE, n. [Ir. raib ; L. rapa, rapum ; Gr. pairvs j D. raap.]
A plant of the genus brassica.
+ RAPE, V. i. To commit a rape. Heywood.
RaPE'ROOT. See Rape.
RaPE'SEED, 71. The seed of the rape, from which oil is ex-
pressed.
RAP'ID, a. [L. rapidus.] ]. Very swift or quick ; moving
with celerity. 2. Advancing with haste or speed ; speedy
in progression. 3. Of quick utterance of words.
RAP ID, or RAP'IDS, n. The part of a river where the
current moves with more celerity than the common cur-
rent. — Rapids imply a considerable descent of the earth,
but not sufficient to occasion a fall of the water, or what
is called a cascade or cataract.
RA-PID'I-TY, 71. [L. rapiditas ; Fr. rapidite.] L Swiftness ;
celerity ; velocity. 2. Haste in utterance. 3. Quick-
ness of progression or advance.
RAP'ID-LY, adv. J. With great speed, celerity or velocity ;
swiftly ; with quick progression. 2. With quick utter-
ance.
RAP'ID-NESS, 71. Swiftness ; speed ; celerity ; rapidity.
Ra'PI-ER, 7i. [Fr. rapiere ; Ir. roipeir.] A small sword used
only in thrusting. Pope.
Ra'PI-ER-FISH, 77. The sword-fish. Grew,
RA-PIl'lO \ "■ ^"lv6"Z6d volcanic substances.
RAP'iNE, n. [Fr. ; L. rapina.] 1. The act of plunilering ;
the seizing and carrying away of things by force. 2. Vio-
lence ; force.
RAP'iNE, v. t. To plunder,
RAP-PA-REE', n. A wild Irish plunderer; so called from
rapery, a half-pike that he carries. Todd.
RAP-PEE', 71, A coarse kind of snuff.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tJiis f Obsolste
RAS
670
RAT
EAP'PER. n. [from rap.] 1. One that raps or knocks 2.
The knocker of a door. 3. An oath or a lie ; fobs.]
tRAP'PoRT, n. [Fr.l Relation; proportion.
BAPT, pp. [from rap.] Transported 3 ravished.
t RAPT, V. t. To transport or ravish. Chapman.
RAPT, n. 1. An ecstasy ; a trance. 2. Rapidity ; [obs.]
RAP'TER, I n. [L. ■>-aptor.] A ravisher : a plunderea:. Dray-
RAP'TOrH ton.
RAPT'LTRE, 71. [l..raptus.] 1. A seizmg by violence; [l.u.]
2. Transport ; ecstasy ; violence of a pleasing passion ;
extreme joy or pleasure. 3. Rapidity with violence ; a
hurrying along with velocity. 4. Enthusiasm; uncom-
mon heat of imagination.
RAPT URED, a. Ravished ; transported. Tliomson.
RAPT U-RIST, n. An enthusiast. Spenser.
RAPT'U-ROUS, a. Ecstatic ; transporting ; ravishing.
RARE, a. [L. rarus ; Sp., Port., ll.raro ; Fr rare.] 1. Un-
common ; not frequent. 2. Unusually excellent ; valuable
to a degree seldom found. 3. Thinly scattered. 4. Thin ;
porous ; not dense. 5. [Sax. hrere.] Nearly raw ; im-
perfectly roasted or boiled. Drijden.
Ra'REE-SHoW, n [rare and show.] A show carried in a
box. Pope.
RAR-E-F ACTION, n. [Fr.] The act or process of expand-
ing or distending bodies, by separating the parts and ren-
dermg the bodies more rare or porous, by which operation
they appear under a larger bulk, or require more room,
without an accession of new matter ; opposed to conden-
sation. Encyc.
RAR'E-Fl-A-BLE, a. Capable of being rarefied.
RAR'E-FY, V t [Fr. rarefier ; L. rarefacio.] To make
thin and porous or less dense ; to expand or enlarge a body
withoutadding to it any new portion of its own matter.
RAR*E-FY, v. i. To become thin and porous. Dryden.
RAR'E-FY-ING, ppr. Making thin or less dense.
RARE'LY, adv. 1. Seldom ; not often ; as, things rarely
seen. 2. Fiiiely ; nicely ; [little used.] Shak.
RARE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being uncommon ; uncom-
monness ; infrequency. 2. Value arising from scarcity.
3. Thinness ; tenuity. 4. Distance from each other ;
thinness.
RARE'RIPE, a. [Sax. arceran.] Early ripe ; ripe before
others, or before the usual season.
RARE'RIPE, n. An early fruit, particularly a kind of peach
which ripens early.
* RAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. rarete ; L. raritas.] 1. Unconimon-
ness ; infrequency. 2. A thing valued for its scarcity,
3. Thinness ; tenuity ; opposed to densittj.
RAS'eAL, n. [Sax.] A mean fellow ; a scoundrel ; in
modern usage, a trickish, dishonest fellow : a rogue.
RAS'CAL, a. 1. Lean ; as, a rascal deer. 2.' Mean ; low.
RAS-€AL'ION, 71. A low, mean wretch. Hudibras.
RAS-eAL'I-TY, 71. 1. The low, mean people. South. 2.
Mean trickishness or dishonesty ; base fraud.
RAS'€AL-LY, a. 1. Meanly trickish or dishonest ; vile.
2. Mean; vile; base; worthless. Swift.
*RASE, v.t. [Fr. raser ; Sp., Port, rasar.] 1. To pass
along the surface of a thing, with striking or rubbing it at
the same tnne ; [obs.] 2. To erase ; to scratch or rub out ;
or to blot out ; to cancel. 3. To level with the ground ;
to overthrow ; to destroy.
t RASE, 71. 1. A cancel ; erasure. 2. A slight wound.
RASH, a. [D., G. rasch ; Sw., Dan. rask.] 1. Hasty in
council or action ; precipitate ; resolving or entering on a
project or measure without due deliberation and caution,
and thus encountering unnecessary hazard. 2. Uttered
or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection.
0. Requiring haste ; urgent. 4. Quick ; sudden ; [obs.]
RASH, n. Corn so dry as to fall out with handling. [Local.]
RASH, 71. [It.rascia.] 1. Satin. 2. An eruption or efflo-
rescence on the body.
RASH, V. t. [It. raschiare ; W. rh&sg.] To slice ; to cut in-
to pieces ; to divide. Spenser.
RASH'ER, 71. A thin slice of bacon ; a thin cut. Shak.
f RASH'LING, n. One who acts without caution or reflec-
tion.
RASH'LY, adv. With precipitation ; hastily ; without due
deliberation. L''Estrange.
RASH'NESS, 71. 1. Too much haste in resolving or in un-
dertaking a measure ; precipitation ; inconsiderate readi-
ness or promptness to decide or act. 2. The quality of be-
ing uttered or done without due deliberation.
RaSP, 71. [Sw., D. rasp ; G. raspel ; Dan. raspe.] I. A
large, rough file ; a grater. 2. A raspberry, which see.
RaSP, v. t. [D. raspen ,• Dan. rasper ; Sw. raspa.] To rub
or file with a rasp ; to rub or grate with a rough file.
RAS'PA-TO-RY, n. A surgeon's rasp. Wiseman.
*RaSP'BER-RY, (riis'ber-ry) n. [G. kratzbecre.] The fruit
of a bramble or species of rubus ; a berry growing on a
prickly plant.
RASP'BER-RY-BUSH, 71. The bramble producing raspber-
ries.
RXSP'ER, 71. A scraper. Sherwood.
KaS'URE, (ra'zhur) n. [L. rasura.] 1. The act of scraping
or shaving ; the act of erasing. 2. The mark by which
a letter, word or any part of a writing is erased, effaced or
obliterated; an erasure.
RAT, 71. [Sax. rmt ; D. rat ; G. ratze ; Fr. rat.] A small
quadruped of the genus mus. — To smell a rat, to be sus-
picious ; to be on the watch from suspicion.
RaT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be rated, or set at a certain
value. Camden. 2. Liable or subjected by law to taxation.
Stat, of Conn.
RaT'A-BLY, adv. By rate or proportion ; proportionally.
RAT-A-FiA', (rat-a-fee') n. [Sp.] A fine spirituous liquor,
prepared from the kernels of several kinds of fruits, par-
ticularly of cherries, apricots and peaches.
RAT-AN', 71. [Malay, rotan ; Java, rottang.] A small cane,
the growth of India.
RAT'-CATCH-ER, 71. One who makes it his business to
catch rats.
RATCH, n. In clock work, a sort of wheel having twelve
fangs, which serve to lift the detents every hour and
thereby cause the cIock to strike.
RATCH'ET, n. In a watch, a small tooth at the bottom of
the fusee or barrel, which stops it in winding up.
RATCH'IL, 71. Among miners, fragments of stone.
RATE, V. [Norm, rate ; L. ratus.] 1. The proportion or
standard by which quantity or value is adjusted. 2.
Price or amount stated or fixed on any thing. 3. Settled
allowance. 4. Degree ; comparative height or value. 5.
Degree in which any thing is done. 6. Degree of value ;
price. 7. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property
for public use, according to its income or value ; as parish
rates. — 8. In the jiavy, the order or class of a ship, accord-
ing to its magnitude or force.
RATE, V. t. 1 . To set a certain value on ; to value at a cer-
tain price or degree of excellence. 2. To fix the magni-
tude, force or order, as of ships.
RATE, V. i. 1. To be set or considered in a class, as a ship.
2. To make an estimate .
RATE, V. t. [Sw. rata, ryta ; Ice. reita.] To chide with ve-
hemence ; to reprove ; to scold ; to censure violently.
Shak.
RaT'EDj pp. 1. Set at a certain value , estimated ; set in a
certain' order or rank. 2. Chid ; reproved.
RaT'ER, n. One who sets a value on or makes an estimate.
fRATH, 71. [Ir. rath.] A hill. Spenser.
I RATH, a. [Sax. rath, rmthe, hrmth, hrathe.] Early ; com-
ing before others, or before the usual time. Milton.'
* RATH'ER, adv. [Sax. rathor, hrathor ; comp. of rath.] 1.
More readily or willingly ; with better liking ; with pref-
erence or choice. 2. In preference ; preferably ; w'.th bet-
ter reason. 3. In a greater degree than otherwise. 4.
More properly ; more correctly speaking. 5. Noting some
degree of contrariety in fact. — The rather, especially ; for
better reason ; for particular cause. — Had rather is suiv-
posed to be a corruption of would rather.
RATH'OF-FITE, n. A mineral brought from Sweden.
RAT-I-FI-€a'TI0N, n. [Fr.] I. The act of ratifying ; con-
firmation. 2. The act of giving sanction and validity to
somethmg done by another.
RAT'I-FlED, pp. Confirmed ; sanctioned ; made valid.
RAT'I-Fl-ER, 72. He or that which ratifies or sanctions.
RAT'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. ratifier.] 1. To confirm ; to establish ;
to settle. 2. To approve and sanction ; to make valid.
RAT'I-FY-ING, ppr. Confirming ; establishing ; approving
and sanctioning.
RaT'ING, ppr. [from rate.] 1. Setting at a certain value ;
assigning rank to ; estimating. 2. Chiding ; reproving.
Ra'TIO, (ra'sho) n. [L.] Proportion, or the relation of ho-
mogeneous things which determines the quantity of one
from the quantity of another, without the intervention of
a third.
*Ra'TI-0-CI-NATE, v.i. [1,. ratiocinor.] To reason; to
argue. [Little used.]
* RA-TI-O-CI-Na'TION, 71. [L. ratiocinatio.] The act or
process of reasoning, or of deducing consequences from
premises. South.
*RA-TI-OC'I-NA-TlVE, a. Argumentative; consisting in
the comparison of propositions or facts, and the deduction
of inferences from the comparison. [Little used.]
Ra'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. ratio.] A portion or fixed allowance
of provisions, drink and forage, assigned to each soldier
in an army for his daily subsistence and for the subsist-
ence of horses.
* Ra'TION-AL, a. [Fr. rationnel ; It. razionale ; L. ration-
a'is.] 1. Having reason or the faculty of reasoning ; en-
dowed with reason. 2. Agreeable to reason. 3. Agree-
able to reason ; not extravagant. 4. Acting in conformity
toreason : wise ; judicious.
* Ra'TION-AL, 71. A rational being. Yoking.
*RA-TION-a'LE, 71. ]. A detail with reasons ; a series of
reasons assigned. 2. An account or solution of the prin-
ciples of some opinion, action, hypothesis, phenomenon,
&c.
* Ra'TION-AL-IST, n. One who proceeds in his disquisi-
tions and practice wholly upon reason. Bacon.
*See Synopsis. A E, T, O, tj, "?, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR^Y 5— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
RAV
671
RE
*RA-T10N-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The power of reasoning. 2.
Reasonableness.
* Ra'TION-AL-LY, adv. In consistency with reason ; rea-
sonably.
* R A'TION-AL-NESS, n. The state of being rational or con-
sistent with reason.
RAT'LIN, ) n. A small line traversing the shrouds of a
RAT'LINE, ) ship, making the step of a ladder for as-
cending to the mast-heads.
RAT-OON', 71. [Sp. retono.] A sprout from the root of the
sugar cane, which, has been cut. Edwards, W. Ind.
RATS'BANE, 71. Poison for rats; arsenic. Swift.
RATS'BaNED, a. Poisoned by ratsbane Junius.
RAT'-TaIL, n. In farriery, an excrescence growing from
the pastern to the middle of the shank of a horse.
RAT-TEEN', n. [Sp. ratina.] A thick woolen stuff quilled
or twilled.
RAT-TI-NET', n. A Woolen stuff thinner than ratteen.
RAT'TLE, V. L [D. ratelen, reutelen; G. rasseln.] 1. To
make a quick, sharp noise rapidly repeated, by the colli-
sion of bodies not very sonorous. 2. To speak eagerly and
noisily ; to utter words in a clattering manner.
RAT'TLE, V. t. 1. To cause to make a rattling sound or a
rapid succession of sharp sounds. 2. To stun with noise ;
to drive with sharp sounds rapidly repeated. 3. To scold ;
to rail at clamorously.
RAT'TLE, 71. 1. A rapid succession of sharp, clattering
sounds. 2. A rapid succession of words sharply uttered ;
loud, rapid talk ; clamorous chiding. 3. An instrument
with which a clattering sound is made. 4. A plant, louse-
wort. — Yellow rattle, a plant of the genus rhinanthus.
RAT'TLE-HE AD-ED, a. Noisy ; giddy ; unsteady.
RAT'TLES, n. phi. The popular name of the croup, or
cynanche trachealis.
RAT'TLE-SNAKE, n. A snake that has rattles at the tail,
of the genus crotalus.
RAT'TLE-SNAKE-ROOT, n. A plant or root.
RAT'TLE-SNAKE-WEED, n. A plant.
RAT'TLING, ppr. Making a quick succession of sharp
sounds.
RAT'TLING, n. A rapid succession of sharp sounds.
RAT-TOON', 71. A West Indian fox.
RAU'CI-TY, 71. [L. raucus,] 1. Hoarseness ; a loud, rough
sound. — 2. Among physicians, hoarseness of the human
voice.
t RAU'€OUS, a. Hoarse ; harsh.
t R AUGHT. The old participle of reach.
RAUNCH. See Wrench.
RAUT, V. i. To bellow ; to roar. See Rout.
RAVAGE, 71. [Fr.] 1. Spoil ; ruin ; waste ; destruction
by violence, either by men, beasts or physical causes. 2.
Waste ; ruin ; destruction by decay.
RAVAGE, V. t. [Fr. rava^er.^ I. To spoil 5 to plunder ;
to pillage ; to sack. 2. To lay waste by any violent force.
3. To waste or destroy by eating.
RAVAGED, pp. Wasted ; destroyed ; pillaged.
RAVA-GER, n. A plunderer ; a spoiler ; he or that which
lays waste. Swift.
RAVA-GING, ppr. Plundering ; pillaging ; laying waste.
RAVE, V. i. [D. revelenj Sp.'rabiar ; Fort, raivar.] 1. To
wander in mind or intellect ; to be delirious ; to talk irra-
tionally ; to be wild. 2. To utter furious exclamations ;
to be furious or raging, as a madman. 3. To dote ; to be
unreasonably fond 5 followed by upon.
RAVE, 71. The upper side-piece of timber of the body of a
cart. J\rew England.
RAV'EL, (rav'l) v. t. [D. raaffelen and ravtlen.] 1. To en-
tangle ; to entwist together ; to make intricate ; to involve ;
to perplex. 2. To untwist ; to unweave or unknot ; to
disentangle. 3. To hurry or run over in confusion ; [obs.]
RAV'EL, (rav'l) v. i. 1. To fall into perplexity and confu-
sion. 2. To work in perplexities ; to busy one's self with
intricacies ; to enter by winding and turningc 3. To be
unwoven.
RAVELED, pp. Twisted together ; made intricate ; disen-
tangled.
RAVEL-IN, 71. [Fr. ; It, ravellino.] In fortification, a
detached work with two faces which make a salient an-
gle, without any flanks, and raised before the counter-
scarp of the place.
RAV'EL-ING, ppr. Twisting or weaving ; untwisting ; dis-
entangling.
Ra'VEN, (ra'vn) t;.. [Sax. hrcsfn, hrefn, or rmfn.] A large
fowl of a black color, of the genus corvus.
RAVEN, (rav'n) v. t. [G. rauben ; Dan. rSver ,• Sax. reafi-
an.'j I. To devour with great eagerness ; to eat with vo-
racity. 2. To obtain by violence.
RAVEN, (rav'n) v. i. To prey with rapacity. Oen. xlix.
RAVEN, (rav'n) 71. 1. Prey ; plunder; food obtained by vi-
olence. J\rah. ii. 2. Rapine ; rapacity. Ray.
RAVENED, pp. Devoured with voracity.
RAVEN-ER, 71. One that ravens or plunders. Gower.
RAVEN-ING, ppr. Preying with rapacity.
RAVEN-ING, n. Eagerness for plunder. Luke xi.
RAV'EN-OUS, a. 1. Furiously voracious ; hungry even to
rage ; devouring with rapacious eagerness. 2 . Eager for
prey or gratification.
RAVEN-OUS-LY, adv. With raging voracity. Burnet.
RAVEN-OUS-NEgS, n. Extreme voracity , rage for prey.
Ra'VEN'S DU€K, n. [G. ravenstuch.] A species of sail-
cloth. Tooke.
RaVER, 71. One that raves or is furious.
R AVET, n. An insect shaped like a cockchaffer
RAVIN. See Raven.
t RAVIN, a. Ravenous. Shak.
RAVIN, ) 71. [Fr. ravin.] A long, deep hollow, worn Ijy
RA-VlNE', ) a stream or torrent of water ; hence, any
long, deep hollow or pass through mountains, &c.
RAVING, ppr. or a. Furious with delirium; mad; dis-
tracted.
RaVING-LY, adv. With furious wildness or frenzy ; with
distraction. Sidney.
RAVISH, v. t. [Ft. ravir.] 1. To seize and carry away by
violence. 2. To have carnal knowledge of a woman by
force and against her consent. Is. xiii. 3. To bear away
with joy or delight ; to delight to ecstasy ; to transport.
RAVISHED, pp. Snatched away by violence ; forced to
submit to carnal embrace ; delighted to ecstasy.
RAVISH-ER, n. 1. One that takes by violence. Pope. 2.
One that forces a woman to his carnal embrace. 3. One
that transports with delight.
RAVISH-ING, ppr. 1. Snatching or taking by violence ;
compelling to submit to carnal intercourse ; delighting to
ecstasy. ■ 2. a. Delighting to rapture ; transporting.
RAVISH-ING, n. 1. A seizing and carrying away by vio-
lence. 2. Carnal knowledge by force agamst consent.
3. Ecstatic delight ; transport.
RAV ISH-ING-LY, adv. To extremity of delight.
RAVISH-MENT, n. 1. The act of forcing a woman to car-
nal connection ; forcible violation of chastity. 2. Rapture ;
transport of delight ; ecstasy ; pleasing violence on the
mind or senses. 3. The act of carrying away ; abduction.
RAW, a. [Sax. hreaw, reaw ; D. raauw ,• G. roh.] 1. Not
altered from Its natural state ; not roasted, boiled or cook-
ed ; not subdued by heat. 2. Not covered with skin ;
bare, as flesh. 3. Sore. 4. Immature ; unripe ; not con-
cocted, 5. Not altered by heat ; not cooked or dressed ;
being in its natural state. 6, Unseasoned ; unexperienced ;
unripe in skill. 7. New ; untried. 8. Bleak ; chilly ; cold,
or rather cold and damp. 9. Not distilled ; [obs.] 10
Not spun or twisted ; as, raw silk. 11. Not mixed or
adulterated. 12. Bare of flesh. 13. Not tried or melted
and strained. 14. Not tanned ; as, raw hides.
RAW'-BoNED, a. Having little flesh on the bones. Shak.
RAW'HEAD, n. The name of a spectre, mentioned to
frighten children. Dryden.
RAW'ISH, a. Somewhat raw ; cool and damp. [L. used.]
RAW'LY, adv. 1. In a raw manner. 2. Unskillfully ;
without experience. 3. Newly. Shak.
RAWNESS, 71. 1. The state of being raw ; uncooked ; un-
altered by heat. 2. Unskillfulness ; state of being inex-
perienced. 3. Hasty manner. 4. Chilliness with damp-
ness.
RAY, 71. [Fr. raie, rayon; Sp., Port, rayo.] 1. A line of
light, or the right line supposed to be described by a par-
ticle of light. A collection of parallel rays constitutes a
beam. — 2. Fiffuratively, a beam of intellectual light. 3.
Light ; lustre. — 4. In botany, the outer part or circum-
ference of a compound radiate flower.— 5. In ichthyology,
a bony or cartilaginous ossicle in the fins of fishes, serving
to support the membrane. 6. A plant, lolium. 7. Ray,
for ar7-ay ; [obs.] Spenser. — Pencil of rays, a number of
rays of light issuing from a point and diverging.
RAY, 71. [Fr. raie ; Sp. raya ; G. roche.] A fish.
RAY, V. t. 1. To streak ; to mark with long lines. 2. To
foul ; to beray ; [obs.] 3. To array ; [obs.] 4. To shoot
forth.
RaY'LESS, a. Destitute of light ; dark ; not illuminated.
Young.
RAZE, n. A root.
RAZE, V. t. [Fr. raser ; L. rasv^.] 1. To subvert from the
foundation ; to overthrow ; to destroy ; to demolish. 2
To erase ; to efface ; to obliterate. 3. To extirpate.
RAZED, pp. Subverted ; overthrown ; wholly ruined ;
erased ; extirpated.
RA-ZEE', n. A ship of war cut down to a smaller size.
RaZ'ING, ppr. Subverting; destroying; erasing; extirpa
ting.
Ra'ZOR, n. [Fr. rasoir ; It. rasoio.] An instrument for ,
shaving off beard or hair. — Razors of a boar, a boar's
tusks.
t RA'ZOR-A-BLE, a. Fit to be shaved, Shak.
RA'ZOR-BILL, n. An aquatic fowl.
Ra'ZOR-FISH, n. A species of fish.
RAZ'URE, (ra'zhur) 71. [Fr. rasure.] The act of erasing or
effacing ; obliteration. See Rasure.
RE, a prefix or inseparable pai tide in the composition of
words, denotes return, repetition, iteration. In a few
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ,— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : G as J : S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, t
REA
67a
REA
English words, it has lost its appropriate signification, as
}n rejoice, recommend, receive.
RE-AB-SORB', v. t. [re and absorb.] 1. To draw in or
imbibe again what has been effused, extravasated or
thrown off J used of fluids. 2. To swallow up again.
KE-AB-SORB'ED, (re-ab-sorbd') pp. Imbibed again.
RE-AB-SORB'ING, ppr. Reimbibing.
RE-AB-SORP'TION, n. Tlie act or process of imbibing
what has been previously thrown oft", effused or extrav-
asated ; the swallowing a second time.>
RE-A€-CESS', n. [re and access.'] A second access or ap-
proach J a visit renewed. Hakewill.
Reach, v. t. Raught, the ancient preterit, is obsolete.
The verb is now regular ; pp. reached. [Sax. racan, recan,
rcecan, or hrcecan ; Goth, rakyan.] 1. To extend ; to
stretch. 2. Tr» extend to ; to touch by extending, either
the arm alone, or with an instrument in the hand. 3. To
strike from a distance. 4. To deliver with the hand by
extending the arm : to hand. 5. To extend or stretch
from a distance. 6.' To arrive at ; to come to. 7. To at-
tain to or arrive at, by effort, labor or study ; hence, to
gain or obtain. 8. To penetrate to. 9. To extend to so
as to include or comprehend in fact or principle. 10. To
extend to. 11. To extend ; to spread abr-^ad. 12. To
take with the hand. 13. Tooveriesih; .o decewe
Reach, v. i. l. To be extended. 2. To penetrc.ce 3. To
make effoi-ts to vomit ; [see Retch.] Cheyne. — To reach
after, to make efforts to attain to or obtain.
Reach, n. l. Extension j a stretcliingj extent. 2. The
power of extending to, or of taking by tJie hand, or by
any instrumoii. managed by the hand. 3. Power of at-
tainment or management, or the limit of power, p.hysical
or moral. 4. Effort of the mind in contrivance or re-
search ; contrivance ; scheme. 5. A fetch; an artifice to
obtain an advantage. 6. Tendency to distant conse-
quences. 7. Extent. — 8. Among seamen, the distance
between two points on the banks of a river, in which
the curreni flows in a straight course. 9. An effort to
vomit.
Reached, pp. stretched out ; extended ; touched by ex-
tending the arm ; attained to ; obtained.
ReACH'ER, n. One that reaches or extends ; one that de-
Hvers by extending the arm.
ReACH'ING, pp?-. Stretching out ; extending; touching by
extension of the arm ; attainmg to ; gaining ; making ef-
forts to vomit.
RE-A€T', V. t. [re and act.] To act or perform a second
time.
RE-A€T', V. i. 1. To return an impulse or impression ; to
resist the action of another body by an opposite force.
2. To act in opposition ; to resist any influence or power.
RE-ACT'ED, pp. Acted or performed a second time.
RE-A€T'ING, ppr. Acting again ; in physics, resisting the
impulse of another body.
RE-AC'TION, n. 1. In physics, counteraction ; the resist-
ance made by a body to the action or impulse of another
body, which endeavors to change its state, either of mo-
tion or rest. 2. Any action in resisting other action or
power.
t Read, n. [Sax. reed.] 1. Counsel. 2. Saying ; sentence.
Read, v. t. The preterit and pp. read, is pronounced red.
[Sax. rmdan, redan ; G. reden ; D. rede ; Dan. rede.] 1.
To utter or pronounce written or printed words, letters or
characters in the proper order; to repeat the names or
utter the sounds customarily annexed to words, letters or
characters. 2. To inspect and understand words or char-
acters ; to peruse silently. 3. To discover or understand
by characters, marks or features. 4. To learn by observa-
tion. 5. To know fully. 6. To suppose ; to guess ; [obs.]
7. To advise ; [obs.]
Read, v. i. 1. To perform the act of reading. 2. To be
studious ; to practice much reading. 3. To learn by
reading. 4. To tell ; to declare ; [obs.]
READ, (red) pp. 1. Uttered ; pronounced, as written
words in the proper order. 2. Silently perused.
READ, (redl a. Instructed or knowing by reading ; versed
in books ; learned ; as, well read in history.
ReAD'A-BLE, a. That may be read ; fit to be read. Hurd.
RE-A-DEP'TION, n. [from L. re and adeptus.] A regain-
ing ; recovery of something lost. [Mot much used.] Bacon.
ReAD'ER, n. 1. One that reads ; any person who pro-
nounces written words ; particularly, one whose oflice is
to read prayers in a church. 2. By way of distinction, one
that reads much ; one studious in books.
ReAD'ER-SHIP, n. The office of reading prayers in a
church. Swift.
READi-LY, (red'e-ly) adv. ].Q.uickly; promptly; easily.
2. Cheerfully ; without delay or objection ; without re-
luctance.
READ'I-NESS, (red'e-nes) n. 1. Quickness ; promptness ;
promptitude ; facility ; freedom from hinderance or ob-
struction. 2. Promptitude ; cheerfulness ; willingness ;
alacrity ; freedom from reluctance. 3. A state of prepar-
ation ; fitness of condition.
ReAT)'ING, ppr. 1. Pronouncing or perasing written on
printed words or characters of a book or writing. 2. Dis-
covering by marks ; understanding.
ReAD'IjNG, 71. 1. The act of reading; perusal. 2. Study
of books. 3. A lecture or prelection. 4. Public recital.—
5. In criticism, the manner of reading the manuscripts of
ancient authors, where the words or letters are obsciue.
6. A commentary or gloss on a law, text or passage.— 7
In legislation, the formal recital of a bill by the proper
oflicer, before the house which is to consider it.
RE-AD-J6URN', v. t. [re and adjourn.] 1. To adjourn a
second time. 2. To cite or summon again ; [obs.]
RE-AD-JUST', V. t. [re and adjust.] To settle again ; to
put in order again what had been discomposed.
RE-AD-JUST'ED, pp. Adjusted again ; resettled.
RE-AD-JUST'ING, ppr. Adjustmg again.
RE-AD-JUST'MENT, n. A second adjustment.
RE-AD-MIS'SION, n. [re and admission.] The act of ad-
mitting again what had been excluded.
RE-AD-MIT', V. t. [re and admit.] To admit again. Milton.
RE- AD-MIT TANCE, n. A second admittance ; allowance
to enter again.
RE-A-DOPT', V. t. [re and adopt.] To adopt again. Young,
RE-A-DORN', V. t. To adorn anew ; to decorate a second
time. Blackmore.
RE-AD-VERT'EN-CY, n. [re and advertency.] The act of
reviewing. Morris.
READ'Y, (red'y) a. [Sax. reed, hrad, hrwd; Dan. rede.] 1.
Q.uick ; prompt ; not hesitating. 2. Cluick to receive or
comprehend; not slow or dull. 3. Cluick in action or
execution; dextrous. 4. Prompt; not delayed; present
in hand. 5. Prepared; fitted; furnished with what is
necessary, or disposed in a manner suited to the purpose.
6. Willing ; free ; cheerful to do or suffer ; not backward
or reluctant. 7. Willing ; disposed. 8. Being at the
point; near; not distant ; about to do or suffer. 9. Being
nearest or at hand. 10» Easy ; facile ; opportune ; short ;
near, or most convenient. — To make ready. 1. To pre-
pare ; to provide and put in order. 2. An elliptical
phrase, for make things ready / to make preparations ; to
prepare.
READ'Y, (red'y) adv. In a state of preparation, so as to
need no delay.
READ'Y, (red'y) n. For ready money. [A low word. ,
Arbuthnot.
t READ'Y, (red'y) v. t. To dispose in order ; to prepare.
RE-AF-FiRM', v. t. [re anrl affirm.] To affirm a second
time.
RE-AF-FiRM'ANCE, n. A second confirmation. Ayliffe.
RE-A'GENT, n. [re and agent.] In chemistry, a substance
employed to precipitate another in solution, or to detect
the ingredients of a mixture.
RE-AG-GRA-Va'TION, n. [re and aggravation.] In the
Romish ecclesiastical law, the last monitory, published
afl;er three admonitions and before the last excommuni
cation.
fREAK, n. A rush.
RE'AL, a. [Low L. realis ; It. reale ; Sp. real ; Fr. reel.]
1. Actually being or existing ; not fictitious or imaginary.
2. True ; genuine ; not artificial, counterfeit or factitious.
3. True; genuine; not affected ; not assumed. 4. Rela-
ting to things, not to persons ; not personal. — 5. In law,
pertaining to thuigs fixed, permanent or immovable, as to
lands and tenements ; as, real estate. — Real action, in
lajc, is an action which concerns real property.— i2eaZ
presence, in the Romish church, the actual presence of the
body and blocd of Christ in the eucharist.
Re'AL, or Re'AL-IST, n. A scholastic philosopher, who
maintains that things, and not words, are the objects of
dialectics ; opposed to nominal or nominalist.
Re'AL, n. [Sp.] A small Spanish coin of the value of forty
maravedis. It is sometimes written rial.
RE'AL-GAR, n. [Fr. reagal, or realgal.] A combination
of sulphur and arsenic ; red sulphuret of arsenic.
RE-AL'I-TY, n. [Fr. realite.] 1. Actual being or existence
of any thing ; truth ; fact ; in distinction from mere ap-
pearance. 2. Something intrinsically important, not mere-
ly matter of show. — 3. In the schools, that which may exist
of itself, or which has a full and absolute being of itself,
and is not considered as a part of any thing else.— 4. In
law, immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of prop-
erty.
RE-AL-I-Za'TIONj n. 1. The act of realizing or making
real. 2. The act of converting money into land. 3. The
act of believing or considering as real. 4. The act of
bringing into being or act. Glanville.
Re'AL-iZE, v.t. [S-p. realizar ; Fr. realiser.] 1. To bring
into being or act. 2. To convert money into land, or per-
sonal into real estate. 3. To impress on the mind as a
reality ; to believe, consider or treat as real. 4. To bring
home to one's own case or experience ; to consider as
one's own ; to feel in all its force. Dwight. 5. To bring
into actual existence and possession ; to render tangible
or effective.
* See Synopsis
E, T, O, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
REA
673
REA
Rk'AL-iZED, pp. Brought into actual being; converted
into real estate ; impressed, received or treated as a real-
ity; felt in its true force; rendered actual, tangible or
effective.
Re'AL-iZ-ING, ppr. 1. Bringing into actual being ; con-
verting into real estate ; impressing as a reality ; feeling as
one's own or in its real force ; rendering tangible or effec-
tive. 2. a. That makes real, or that brings home as a
reality.
JIE-AL-LED6E', (re-al-lej') v. t. [re and alledge.] To al-
ledge again. Cotgrave.
Re'AL-LY, adv. 1. With actual existence. 2. In truth ;
in fact ; not in appearance only.
REALM, (relm) n. [Fr. royaume ; It. reame.] 1. A royal
jurisdiction or extent of government ; a kingdom ; a
king's dominions. 2. Kingly government.
ilE'AL-TY, m. [It. realtd.] 1. Loyalty ; [obs.] 2. Reality;
[obs.l — 3. In law, immobility ; see Reality.
Ream, n. [Sax. ream ; D. riem ; Dan. re7n, or reem ; Sw.
rem.] A bundle of paper, consisting of twenty quires.
Ream, v. i. [Sax. hreman.] To cry aloud ; to scream ; to
bewail one's self. J\rortli of England.
RE-AN'I-MATE, v. t. [re and animate.'] 1. To revive ; to
resuscitate ; to restore to life, as a person dead or appa-
rently -lead. 2. To revive the spirits when dull or lan-
guid ; t-" Invigorate ; to infuse new life or courage into.
RE-AN I-MA-TED, pp. Restored to life or action.
RE-AN'I-MA-TING, ppr. Restoring life to ; invigorating
with new life and courage.
RE-AN-I-Ma'1'ION, n. The act or operation of reviving
from apparent death ; the act or operation of giving fresh
spirits, courage or vigor.
RE-AJST-NEX', v. t. [re and annex.] To annex again ; to
reunite ; to annex what has been separated.
RE-AN-NEX-A'TJON, n. The act of annexing again.
RE-AN-NEX'ED, (re-an-nexf) pp. Annexed or united
again.
RE-AN-NEX'ING, p-pr. Annexing again ; reuniting.
Reap, v.t. [Sax. rijja/i.] 1. To cut grain with a sickle ;
as, to reap wheat or rye. 2. To clear of a crop by reap-
ing. 3. To gather ; to obtain ; to receive as a reward, or
as the fruit of labor or of works.
Reap, v. i. 1. To perform the act or operation of reaping.
2. To receive the fruit of labor or works.
Reaped, pp. cut with a sickle ; received as the fruit of
labor or works.
ReAP'ER, n. One that cuts grain with a sickle.
ReAP'ING, ppr. Cutting grain with a sickle ; receiving as
the fruit of labor or the reward of works.
ReAP'ING-HOOK, n. Ao instrument used in reaping; a
sickle.
RE-AP-PAR'EL, v. t. [rr. and apparel.] To clothe again.
RE-AP-PAR'ELED, pp. Clothed again.
RE-AP-PAR'EL-ING, ppr. Clothing again
RE-AP-PeAR', v. i. [re and appear.] To appear a second
time.
RE-AP-PeAR'ANCE, 71 A second appearance.
RE-AP-PeARTNG, ppr. Appearing again.
RE-AP-PLI-€a'TION, n. A second application.
RE-AP-PLY', V. t. or i. [re and apply.] To apply again.
RE-AP-PLY'ING, ppr. Applying again.
RE-AP-POINT', V. t. To appoint again.
RE-AP-i'OINT'MENT, n. A second appointment.
RE-AP-PoR'TION, v.t. To apportion again.
RE-AP-PoR'TIONED, pp. Apportioned again.
RE-AP-P6R'TI0N-ING, JW- Apportioning again.
RE-AP-PoR'TION-MENT, n. A second apportionment,
Madison.
Rear, n. [Fr. arriere.] 1. In a general sense, that which
is behind or backwards ; appropriately, the part of an
army which is behind the ocher ; also, the part of a fleet
which is behind the other. 2. The last class ; the last in
order. — In the rear, behind the rest ; backward, or in the
last class.
R kAR, a. [Sax. hrere.] 1. Raw ; rare ; not well roasted or
boiled. 2. [Sax. armran.] Early. [A provincial 2cord.]
Rear, ?>. t. [Sax. raran, reran, araran.] 1. To raise. 2.
I'o lift after a fall. 3. To bring up or to raise to maturity,
as young. 4. To educate ; to instruct. 5. To exalt ; to
elevate. 6. To rouse ; to stir up. 7. To raise ; to breed,
as cattle. 8. To achieve ; to obtain. — To rear the steps,
to ascend ; to move upward. Milton.
ReAR'-AD'MI-RAL. See Admiral.
Reared, j)p. Raised ; lifted ; brought up ; educated ; ele-
vated.
ReAR'-GUARD, n. The body of an army that marches in
tJie rear of the main body to protect it.
liEAE'ING, ppr. Raising ; educating ; elevating.
ReAR'-LTNE, n. The line in the rear of an army.
ReAR'-MOUSE, 'n. [Sax. hrcre-mus.] The leather-winged
bat. Sliak.
ReAR'-RANK, n. The rank of a body of troops which is
in the rear.
ReAR'WARD, 71. [See Rereward] 1. The last troop ; the
rear-guard 2. The end : the tail ; the train behind. 3
The latter part.
RE-AS-CENU', V. i. [re and ascend.] To rise, mount oi
climb again Milton.
IIE-AS-CEND', V. t. To mount or ascend agam. Addison.
RE-AS-CEND'ED, pp. Ascended again.
RE-AS-CEND'ING, ppr. Ascending again.
RE-AS-CEN'SION, n. The act of reascending ; a re-
mounting.
RE-AS-CENT', n. A returning ascent ; acclivity. Co-xper.
ReAS'ON. (rS'zn) n. [Ir. reasun ; W. rheswm ; Arm.
resoun ; Fr. raison ; Sp. razon ; It. ragione ; L. ratio.]
1. That which is thought or which is alledged in words,
as the ground or cause of opinion, conclusion or determi-
nation." 2. The cause, ground, principle or motive of any
thing said or done ; that which supports or justines a de-
termination, plan or measure. 3. Eflicient cause. 4.
Final cause. 5. A faculty of the mind by which it dis-
tinguishes truth from falsehood, and good from evil, and
which enables the possessor to deduce inferences from
facts or from propositions. 6. Ratiocination ; the exercise
of reason. 7. Right ; justice ; that which is dictated or
supported by reason. 8. Reasonable claim; justice. 9.
Rationale ; just account. 10. Moderation ; moderate de-
mands; claims which reason and justice admit or pre-
scribe. — In reason, in all reason, in justice ; with rational
ground.
ReAS'ON, v. i. [Fr raisonner ; Sax. raswian.] I. To ex-
ercise the faculty of reason ; to deduce inferences justly
from premises. 2. To argue ; to infer conclusions from
premises. 3. To debate ; to confer or inquire by discus-
sion or mutual communication of thoughts, arguments or
reasons. — To reason with. 1. To argue with ; to endeavor
to inform, convince or persuade by argument. 2. To dis-
course ; to talk ; to take or give an account ; [obs.]
ReAS'ON, ?;. t. 1. To examine or discuss by arguments;
to debate or discuss. 2. To persuade by reasoning or ar-
gument.
ReAS'ON-A-BLE, a. 1. Having the faculty of reason ; en-
dued with reason. 2. Governed by reason ; being under
the influence of reason ; thinking, speaking or acting ra-
tionally or according to the dictates of reason. 3. Con-
formable or agreeable to reason ; just ; rational. 4. Not
immoderate. 5. Tolerable ; being in mediocrity ; moder-
ate. 6. Not excessive ; not unjust.
ReAS'ON-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The faculty of reason. 2.
Agreeableness to reason; that state or quality of a thing
which reason supports or justifies. 3. Conformity to ra-
tional principles. 4. Moderation.
ReAS'ON-A-BLY, adv. I. In a manner or degree agreeable
to reason ; in consistency with reason. 2. Moderately ;
in a moderate degree ; not fully ; in a degree reachuig
to mediocrity.
ReAS'ON-ER, 71. One who reasons or argues.
ReAS'ON-ING, ppr. Arguing; deducing inferences from
premises ; debating ; discussing.
ReAS'ON-ING, n. The act or process of exercising the
faculty of reason ; that act of the mind by which new or
unknown propositions are deduced from previous ones
which are known and evident, or which are admitted or
supposed for the sake of argument; argumentation ; ratio-
cination.
ReAS'ON-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of reason. 2. Void of
reason ; not warranted or supported by reason.
RE-AS-SEM'BLA6E, n. Assemblage a'second time,
RE-AS-SEM'BLE, v. t. [re and assemble.] To collect again
RE-AS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To assemble or convene again.
RE-AS-SEM'BLED, pp. Assembled again.
RE-AS-SEMBLING,piJr. Assembling again
RE-AS-SERT', v. t. [re and assert.] To assert again : to
' maintain after suspension or cessation.
RE-AS-SERT'ED, pp. Asserted or maintained anew
RE-AS-SERT'ING,pp?-. Asserting again ; vindicating anew
RE-AS-SiGN', (re-as-sine') v. t. [re and assign.] To assign
back ; to transfer back what has been assigned.
RE-AS-SIM'I-LATE, v. t. [re and assiinilate.] To assimi-
late or cause to resemble "anew ; to change again into a
like or suitable substance.
RE-AS-SIM'I-LA-TED, pp. Assimilated anew; changed
again to a like substance.
RE-AS-SIM'I-LA-TING,^pr, Assimilating again.
RE-AS-SIM-I-La'TION, 71. A second or renewed assimUa-
tioii. Encyc.
RE-AS-SuME', v. t. [re and assume.] To resume; to take
again. Milton.
RE-AS-SuM'ED. (re-as-sumd') pp. Resumed; assumed
again.
RE-AS-StJM'ING, ppr. Assuming or taking again.
RE-AS-SUMP'TION, 71. A resuming ; a second assumption.
RE-AS-SuR'ANCE, (re-a-shur'ans) p>. A second assurance
against loss ; or the assurance of property by an under-
writer, to relieve himself from a risk he has taken.
RE-AS-StJRE', (re-a-shure') v. t. [re and assure] 1 To
restore courage to ; to free from fear or terror. 2. To
* See Synopsis.
MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this.
t Obsolete .
REB
674
REC
insure a second time against loss, or rather to insure by
another what one has already insured ; to insure against
loss that^may be incurred by taking a risk.
BE-AS-SuR'ED, (re-a-^hurd') pp. 1. Restored from fearj
re-encouraged. 2. Insured against loss by risk taken, as
an underwriter.
RE-AS-StJR'ER, (re-a-shur'er) n. One who insures the
first underwriter.
RE-AS-SuR'ING, ppr. 1. Restoring from fear, terror or
depression of courage. 2. Insuring against loss by in-
surance.
ReAS'TI-NESS, 71. Randjness, [JVct in use, or local.]
JlEAS'TY, a. [qu. rusty.J Covered with a kind of rust,
and Jiaving a rancid taste ; applied to dried meat. [JVot in
use, or local.l Skelton.
Re'AI'E, n. A" kind of long small grass that grows in wa-
ter and complicates itself. [J\rot in use, or local.] Walton.
RE-AT-TACH', v. t. [re and attach.] To attach a second
time.
RE-AT-TACH'MENT, n. A second attachment.
RE-AT-TEMPT', v. t. [re and attempt.] To attempt
again.
jReAVE, ?;. « [^ax.reafian.] To take away by stealth or
violence; to oereave. [See Bereave.] Shak.
RE-BAP'TISM, n. A second baptism.
RE-BAP-TI-ZJ'TION, n. A second baptism.
RE-BAP-TiZE', V. t. [re and baptize.] To baptize a second
time. Ayliffe.
RE-BAP-TIZ'ED, (re-bap-tizd') pp. Baptized again.
RE-BAP-TiZ'ER, n. One that baptizes again. Howell.
RE-BAP-TlZ'ING, ppr. Baptizing a second time.
RE-BATE', V. t. [Fr. rebattre ; It. ribattere.] To blunt ; to
beatto obtuseness ; to deprive of keenness. Dryden.
RE-BaTE', I n. 1. Diminution. — 2. In commerce,
RE-BATE'i\IEi\T, \ abatement in price ; deduction.— 3.
In heraldry, a diminution or abatement of the bearings in
a coat of arms.
RE-Ba'TO, 71. A sort of ruff. See Rabato.
Re'BE€K, n. [Fr. rebec : It. ribecca.] A three-stringed fid-
dle. [Mot much used.] Milton.
REB'EL, 7i. [Fr. rebelle; L. rebellis.] I. One who revolts
from the government to which he owes allegiance, either
by openly renouncing the authority of that government,
or by taking arras aiid openly opposing it. A rebel differs
from an enemy, as the latter is one who does not owe al-
legiance to the government which he attacks. 2. One
who willfully violates a law. 3. One who disobeys the
king's proclamation ; a contemner of the king's laws.
4. A villain who disobeys his lord.
REB'EL, a. Rebellious ; acting in revolt. Milton.
RE-BEL', V. i. [L. rebello.] 1. To revolt ; to renounce the
authority of the laws and government to which one owes
allegiance. 2. To rise in violent opposition against lawful
authority.
RE-BEL'LED, (re-beld') pp. or a. Rebellious ; guilty of re-
bellion. Milton.
RE-BEL' LER, 7(. One that rebels. Diet.
RE-BEL'LING, ppr. Renouncing the authority of the gov-
ernment to which one owes allegiance ; arising in oppo-
sition to lawful authority.
RE-BELL'ION, n. [Fr. ; L. rebellio.] 1. An open and
avowed renunciation of the authority of the government
to which one owes allegiance ; or the taking of arms
traitorously to resist the authority of lawful government ;
revolt. — Rebellion differs from insurrection and from muti-
ny. — Insurrection may be a rising in opposition to a parti-
cular act or law, without a design to renounce wholly all
subjection to the government. — Insurrection may he, but
is not necessarily, rebellion. — Mutiny is an insunection
of soldiers or seamen against the authority of their offi-
cers. 2. Open resistance to lawful authority.
RE-BELL'IOUS, a. Engaged in rebellion ; renouncing the
authority and dominion of the government to which al-
legiance is due ; traitorously resisting government or law-
ful authority.
RE-BELL'IOCJS-LY, adv. With design to throw off the
authority of legitimate government ; in a rebellious man-
ner.
RE-BELL'IOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being
rebellious.
RE-BEL'LoW, v. i. [re and bellojc] To bellow in return ;
to echo back a loud, roaring noise. Dryden.
RE-BEL'LoW-Ij\G, ppr. Bellowing in return or in echo.
RE-BLOS'SOM, v. i. [re and blossom.] To blossom again.
t RE-BO- A'TION, 71. [li.reboo.] The return of aloud, bel-
lowing sound. Patrick.
RE-BOIL', V. i. [L. re and bullio.] To take fire ; to be
hot.
RE-BOUND', V. i. [Fr. rebondir.] To spring back ; to start j
back; to be reverberated by an elastic power resisting
force or impulse impressed.
RE-BOUND', V. t. To drive back ; to reverberate. Dryden.
RE-BOUND', n. The act of flying back in resistance of the
impulse of another body ; resilience. Dryden.
RE-BOUND'ING, ppr. Springing or flying back : reverbe-
rating.
RE-BRaCE', v. t. [re and brace.] To brace again. Oray
RE-BReATHE', v. i. [re and breathe.] To breathe again.
RE-BUFF', n. [It. rabbuffo : Fr. rebuffade.] 1. Repercus-
sion, or beating back ; a quick and sudden resistance
2. Sudden check; defeat. 3. Refusal; rejection of soli-
citation.
RE-BUFF', V. t. To beat back ; to offer sudden resistance
to ; to check.
RE-BUlIiD', I V. t. [re and build.] To build again ; to re-
RE-BILD', ] new a structure ; to build or construct what
has been demolished.
RE-RTJiLD'ER, n. One who rebuilds. Bp. Hall.
litlihS'f'W'- S-^ilding again.
TJF-BUtT T^ )
RE-BILT' ' ( PP' ^^^^^ again ; reconstructed.
RE BuK'A-BLE, a. Worthy of reprehension.
RE-BuKE', v. t. [Norm, rebuquer.] 1. To chide ; to re-
prove ; to reprehend for a fault ; to check by reproof. 2
To check or restrain. 3. To chasten ; to punish ; to afflict
for correction. 4. To check; to silence. 5. To check;
to heal. 6. To restrain; to calm.
RE-BuKE', n. 1. A chiding; reproof for faults; reprehen-
sion. — 2. In Scripture, chastisement ; punishment ; afflic-
tion for the purpose of restraint and correction. Ezek. v.
— 3. In lozo language, any kind of check. — To suffer re-
buke, to endure the reproach and persecution of men.
Jer. XV. — To be without rebuke, to live without giving
cause of reproof or censure ; to be blameless.
RE-BuK'ED, (re-biikt') pp. Reproved ; reprehended ;
checked ; restrained ; punished for faults.
RE-BuKE'FUL, a. Containing or abounding with re-
bukes.
RE-BuKE'FUL-LY, adv. With reproof or reprehension.
RE-BuK'ER, n. One that rebukes; a chider; one that
chastises or restrains.
RE-BuK'ING, ppr. Chiding ; reproving ; checking ; pun-
ishing.
RE-BUL-Li"TION, n. Act of boiling or effervescing.
RE-BUR'Y, (re-ber'ry) v. t. [re and bury.] To inter again.
Re'BUS, 7!. [L., from res.] 1. An enigmatical representa-
tion of some name, &;c. by using figures or pictures in-
stead of words. 2. A sort of riddle. — 3. In some chemical
writers, sour milk; sometimes, the ultimate matter of
which all bodies aie composed. — 4. In heraldry, a coat of
arms which bears an allusion to the name of the person ;
as three cups, for Butler.
RE-BUT', V. t. [Fr. rebutcr ; Norm, rebutter.] To repel ; to
oppose by argument, plea or countervailing proof.
RE-BUT', V. i. 1. To retire back ; [obs.] Spenser. 2. To
answer, as a plaintiff^s sur-rejoinder. Blackstone.
RE-BUT'TED, PJ7. Repelled; answered.
R£-BUT'TER, n. In law pleadings, the answer of a de-
fendant to a plaintiff's sur-rejoinder. Blackstone.
RE-BUT'TING, ppr. Repelling; opposing by argument,
countervailing allegation or evidence.
RE-CALL', V. t. [re and call.] 1, To call back ; to take
back. 2. To revoke ; to annul by a subsequent act. 3.
To call back ; to revive in memory. 4. To call back from
a place or mission.
RE-CALL', n. 1. A calling back ; revocation. 2. The
power of calling back or revoking. Dryden.
RE-CALL'A-BLE, a. That may be recalled. Madison.
RE-CALL'ED, (re-kawld);p^. Called back ; revoked.
RE-CALL'ING, ppr. Calling back ; revoking.
RE-CANT', V. t. [L. rccanto.] To retract; to recall; tc
contradict a former declaration.
RE-CANT', V. i. To recall words ; to revoke a declaration
or proposition ; to unsay what has been said.
RE-CAN-Ta'TION, n. The act of recalling ; retraction ; a
declaration that contradicts a former one. Sidney. '
RE-eANT'ED,jjp. Recalled; retracted.
RE-CANT'ER, 71. One that recants. Shak.
RE-€ANT'ING, ppr. Recalling ; retracting.
RE-€A-PAC'I-TATE, v. t. [re and capacitate.] To qual-
ify again ; to confer capacity on again. Mterbvry.
RE-CA-PAC'I-TA-TED, ^;?. Capacitated again.
RE-CA-PAC'I-TA-TING, ppr. Conferring capacity again.
RE-€A-PIT'U-LATE, v. t. [Fr. recapituler.] To repeat the
principal things mentioned in a preceding discourse, ar-
gument or essay; to give a summary of the principal
facts, points or arguments.
RE-€A-PIT'U-LA-TED, pp. Repeated in a summary.
RE-CA-PIT'U-LA-TING, ppr. Repeating the principal
things in a discourse or argument.
RE-CA-PIT-U-LA'TION, n. I. The act of recapitulating.
2. A summary or concise statement or enumeration of the
principal points or facts in a preceding discourse, argu-
ment or esspy.
RE-€A-PIT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Repeating again ; containing
recapitulation. Oarretson.
RE-CAP'TION, 71. [L. re and captio.] The act of retaking ;
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 6, T7, ?< long.—Y-AK, F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
REC
67:
llEC
reprisal ; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife
or children from one who has taken them and wrongfuiiy
detains them. Blackstone.
RE-GAP'TOR, n. [re and captor.] One who retakes ; pne
that takes a prize which had been previously taken.
R£-€APT'URE, n. [re and capUire.] 1. The act of reta-
king ; particularly, the retaking of a prize or goods from
a captor. 2. A prize retaken.
RE-€APT'URE, v. t. To retake , particularly, to retake a
prize which had been previously taken.
RE-eAPT'URED, pp. Retaken.
RE-€APT'UR-ING, ppr. Retaking, as a prize from the
captor.
RE-€AR'NI-FY. v t [re and camify.] To convert again
into flesh [Mot much used.] Howell.
RE-€AR'RIE"D, pp. Carried back or again.
RE-€AR'RY, v. t. [re and carry.] To carry bacK. Walton.
RE-€AR'RY-[NG, ppr. Carrying back.
RE-€aST', v. t. [re and cast.] 1. To cast again. 2. To
throw again. 3. To mold anew. 4. To compute a sec-
ond time
RE-CAST', pp. Cast again ; molded anew.
RE-€AST'ING, ppr. Casting again ; molding anew.
RE-CkDE', v. i. [L. recede.] 1. To move back ; to retreat ;
to witlidtaw. 2. To withdraw a claim or pretension ; to
desist from j to relinquish what had been proposed or as-
serted.
RE-CeDE', v. t. [re and cede.] To cede back j to grant or
yield to a former possessor.
RE-CkD'ED,pp. Ceded back; regranted.
RE-CeD'ING, ppr. 1. Withdrawing ; retreating ; moving
back. 2. Ceding back ; regranting.
RE-CeIPT', ) , ^,.{ n. [ft. ricctta ; L. receptus.] 1. The
RE-CeIT', i <.re-seei ) ^ ^^^ ^f receiving. 2. The place
of receiving. 3. Reception. 4. Reception ; welcome; [oSs.]
5. Recipe ; prescription of ingredients for any composition,
as of medicines, &c. Dryden. — 6. In commerce, a writing
acknowledging the taking of money or goods.
Ri-cilT''^'' i (re-seef) \v t. To give a receipt for.
RE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. That may be received.
RE-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, 11. Capability of being received,
RE-CeIVE', w. t. [Fr. recevoir ; It. ricevere.] 1. To take,
as a thing offered or sent ; to accept. 2. To take as due
or as a reward. 3. To take or obtain from another in any
manner, and either good or evil. 4. To take, as a thing
communicated. 5. To take or obtain intellectually, b.
To embrace. 7. To allow; to hold; to retain. 8. To
admit. 9. To welcome ; to lodge and entertain ; as a
guest. 10. To admit into membership or fellowship. 11.
To take in or on ; to hold ; to contain. 12. To be endow-
ed with. 13. To take into a place or state. 14. To take
or have as something described. 15. To bear with or suf-
fer. 2 Cor. xi. 16. To believe in. John i. 17. To accept
or admit officially or in an official character. 18. To take
stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen.
RE-CeIV'ED, (re-seevd') pp. Taken ; accepted ; admitted ;
embraced ; entertained ; believed.
RE-CeIV'ED-NESS, n. General allowance or belief.
RE-CeIV'ER, 71. 1. One who takes or receives in any man-
ner. 2. An officer appointed to receive public money ; a
treasurer. 3. One who takes stolen goods from a thief,
knowing them to be stolen, and incurs the guilt of parta-
king in the crime. 4. A vessel for receiving and contain-
ing the product of distillation. 5. The vessel of an air-
pump, for containing the thing on which an experiment
is to_be made. G. One who partakes of the sacrament.
RE-CeIV'ING, ppr. Taking ; accepting ; admitting ; em-
bracing ; believing ; entertaining.
RE-CEL'E-BRATE, v. t. [re and celebrate ] To celebrate
again. B. Jonson.
RE-CEL'E-BRA-TED, pp. Celebrated anew.
RE-CEL'E-BRA-TING, pjTT Celebrating anew.
RE-CEL-E-BRa'TION, 11. A renewed celebration.
Re'CEN-CY, n. [L. recens.] 1. Newness ; new state ; late
origin. 2. Lateness in time ; freshness.
RE-CENSE', (re-sens') v. t. [L. recenseo.] To review ; to
revise.
RE-CEN'SION, n. [L. recensio.] Review ; examination ;
enumeration. Evelyn.
Re'CENT, a. [L. recens.] 1. New ; being of late origin or
existence. 2. Late ; modern. 3. Fresh ; lately received.
4. Late ; of late occurrence ; as a recent event or trans-
action. 5. Fresh ; not long dismissed, released or parted
from.
Re'CENT-LY, adv. Newly ; lately ; freshly ; not long
since.
Re'CENT-NESS, n. Newness ; freshness ; lateness of ori-
gin or occurrence.
♦ RE-CEP'TA-€LE, n. [L. receptaculum.] 1. A place or
vessel into which something is received or in which it is ■
contained, as a vat, a tun, a hollow in the earth, &c. — !
2. in botany, one of the parts of the fructification ; the I
base by which the other parts of the fiructificaiion are I
connected. — 3. In anatomy _ the receptacle of the chyle is
situated on the left side of the upper vertebre of the loins,
under the aorta and the vessels of the left kidney.
REC-EP-TA€'U-LAR, a. In botany, pertaining to the re
ceptacle or growing on it, as the nectary.
REC'EP-TA-RY, n. Thing received. Brown.
RE-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of receiving or
of being received. Olanville.
RE-CEP'TIOxNf, n. [Fr., L. receptio.] 1. The act of receiv-
ing. 2. The state of being received. 3. Admission of
any thing sent or communicated. 4. Readmission. 5.
Admission of entrance for holding or containing. 6. A
receiving or manner of receiving for entertainment; en-
tertainment. 7. A receiving officially. 8. Opinion gen-
erally admitted ; [obs.] 9. Recovery ; [obs.]
RE-CEP'TIVE, a. "Having the quality of receiving or ad-
mitting what is communicated. Olanville.
RE-CEP-Tiyi-TY; 11. The state or quality of being recep-
tive. Fotherby.
* t RE-CEP'TO-RY, a. Generally or popularly admitted or
received. Brown.
RE-CESS', n. [L. recessus.] 1. A withdrawing or retiring ;
a moving back. 2. A withdrawing from public business
or notice; retreat; retirement. 3. Departure. 4. Place
of retirement or secrecy ; private abode. 5. State of re-
tirement. 6. Remission or suspension of business or
procedure. 7. Privacy ; seclusion from the world or from
company. 8. Secret or abstruse part. 9. A withdrawing
from any point ; removal to a distance. 10. [Fr. reccz.]
An abstract or registry of the resolutions of the imperial
diet ; [obs,] 11. The retiring of the shore of the sea or
of a lake from the general line of the shore, forming a
bay.
RE-CES'SION, n. [L. recessio.] 1. The act of withdraw-
ing, retiring or retreating. 2. The act of receding from a
claim, or of relaxing a demand. 3. A cession or granting
back.
RE-C[JaNGE', v. t. [Fr. rechanger.] To change again.
RE-CHaNG'ED, (re-chanjd') pi-^ Changed again.
RE-CHaNG'ING, ppr. Changing again.
RE-CHARGE', v. t. [Fr. recharger.] 1. To charge or ac-
cuse in return. 2. To attack again ; to attack anew.
RE-CHAR6'ED, (re-charjd') pp. Accused in return ; attack-
ed anew.
RE-CHAR6'ING, ppr. Accusing in return ; attacking
anew^
RE-CHeAT', n. Among hunters, a lesson which the hunts-
man winds on the horn when the hounds have lost the
game, to call them back from pursuing a counter-scent
Shak.
RE-CHeAT', v. t. To blow the recheat. Drayton.
RE-CHOOSE', (re-chooz') v. t. To choose a second time.
RE-CHoS'EN, (re-ch5'zn) pp. or a. Re-elected; chosen
again.
RE-CID-I-Va'TION, n. [L. recidivus.] A falling back ; a
backsliding. [Jyot much used.] Hammond.
fREC-I-Dl'VATE, i) i. [h. recidivo.] To backslide; to fall
again. Bp. jindrewes.
RE-CID'I-VOUS, a. [L. recidivus.] Subject to backslide.
[Little used.]
REC'I-PE, (res'e-py) 71. [L. imperative of recipio.] A medi-
cal prescription ; a direction of medicines to be taken by
a patient.
RE-CIP'I-ENT, 71. [L. recipiens.] 1. A receiver ; the per-
son or thing that receives ; he or that to which any thing
is communicated. 2. The receiver of a still.
RE-CIP'RO-CAL, a. [L. reciprocus ; Sp., It. reciproco ; Fr
reciproque.] 1. Acting in vicissitude or return ; altern-
ate. 2. Mutual ; done by each to the other. 3. Mutual-
ly interchangeable.
RE-CIP'RO€AL, n. The reciprocal of any quantity is uni •
ty divided by that quantity.
RE-CIP'RO-€AL-LY, adv. Mutually ; interchangeably ; iu
such a manner that each affects the other and is equally
affected by it.
RE-CIP'RO-CAL-NESS, n. Mutual return ; alternateness.
RE-CIP'RO-CATE, v. i. [L. reciproco ; Fr. reciproquer.] To
act interchangeably ; to alternate. Dryden.
RE-CIP'RO-CATE, v. t. To exchange; to interchange ; to
give and return mutually.
RE-GIP'RO-CA-TED, pp. Mutually given and returned ;
interchanged.
RE-CIP'RO-CA-TING, ppr. Interchanging ; each giving or
doing to the other the same thing.
RE-CIP-RO-€a'TION, n. [L. reciprocatio.] 1. Interchange
of acts ; a mutual giving and returning. 2. Alternation.
3. Regular return or alternation of two symptoms or dis-
eases.
REC-I-PROC'I-TY, n. [Fr. reciprocite.] Reciprocal obliga-
tion or right ; equal mutual rights or benefits to be yielded
or enjoye"d,
RE-Ci"SION, 71. [L. recisio.] The act of cutting off.
RE-ClT'AL, n. 1. Rehearsal ; the repetition of the word3
of another or of a writing. 2. Narration; a telling of the
':e Synopsi? MOVE, BOOK. DoVE ;— BIJLL . UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete*
IIEC
676
REC
particulars of an adventure or of a series of events. 3.
Enumeration. Prior.
REC-I-Ta'TION, ?i. [L. recitatio] ]. Rehearsal; repeti-
tion of words. Temple. — 2. In colleges and schools^ the
rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before their instructor.
REC-I-TA-TIVE , a. [Fr. recitatif; It. recitativo.] Recit-
ing ; rehearsing; pertaining to musical pronunciation.
Dryden.
REC-I-TA-TlVE', n. A kind of musical pronunciation,
such as that in which the several parts of the liturgy are
rehearsed in churches, or that of actors on the stage, when
they express some action or passion, relate some event, or
reveal some design.
REC-I-TA-TlVE'LY, adv. In the manner of recitative.
RE-ClTE', V. t. [L. recito.'] 1. To rehearse ; to repeat the
words of another or of a writing. — 2. In writing, to copy.
3. To tell over ; to relate ; to narrate. 4. To rehearse,
as alesson to an instructor. 5. To enumerate.
RE-ClTE', V. i. To rehearse a lesson. American seminaries.
fRE-ClTE', foi recital.
RE-ClT'ED, ■pp. Rehearsed ; told ; repeated ; narrated.
RE-ClT'ER, n. One that recites or rehearses ; a narrator.
RE-CIT'ING, ppr. Rehearsing ; telling ; repeating ; nar-
rating.
j-RE€K, V. i. [Sax. recan, reccan.] To care ; to mind ; to
rate at much. Milton.
RE€K, -y.i. To heed ; to regard; to care for. {Obsolete,
luiless in poetry.'] Sidney.
REGK'LESS, a. Careless ; heedless ; mindless. Sidney.
RECK'LESS-NESS, n. Heedlessness ; carelessness ; negli-
gence. Sidney.
RE€K'ON, (rek'n) v. t.. [Sax. recan, reccan ; D. reckenen ;
G. rechnen.] 1. To count ; to number ; that is, to tell the
particulars. 2. To esteem ; to account ; to repute. Rom.
viii. 3. To repute ; to set in the number or rank of. — 4.
To assign in an account. 5. To compute ; to calculate.
RE€K'ON, V. i. 1. To reason with one's self and conclude
from arguments. 2. To charge to account; with ow. 3.
To pay a penalty ; to be answerable. — To reckon vith. 1.
To state an account with another, and compare it with
his account. 2. To call to punishment. — To reckon on
or upon, to lay stress or dependence on.
RE€KONED, (reknd) pp. Counted; numbered; esteem-
ed reputed ; computed ; set or assigned to in account.
RE€K'OiV-ER, (rek'n-er) n. One who reckons or com-
putes.
RECK'ONING, (rek'ning) ppr. Counting ; computing ;
esteeming ; reputing ; stating an account mutually.
RECK'ONING, n. 1. The act of counting or computing ;
calculation. 2. An account of time. 3. A statement of
accounts with another ; a statement and comparison of
accounts mutually for adjustment. 4. The charges or ac-
count made by a host. 5. Account taken. 6. "Esteem;
account ; estimation. — 7. In naoigation, an account of
the ship's course and distance calculated from the log-
board without the aid of celestial observation.
RE€K'ONING-BOOK, n. A book in which money receiv-
ed and expended is entered. Johnson.
RE-CLaIM', v. t. [Fr. reclamer ; h, reclamo.] 1. To claim
back ; to demand to have returned. 2. To call back from
en-or, wandering or transgression, to the observance of
moral rectitude ; to reform ; to bring back to correct de-
portment or course of life. 3. To reduce to the state de-
sired. 4. To call back; to restrain. 5. To recall ; to cry
out against; [unusual.] 6. To reduce from a wild to a
tame or domestic state ; to tame ; to make gentle. 7.
To demand or challenge ; to make a claim ; a French
use. 8. To recover. — 9. In ancient customs, to pursue
and recall, as a vassal. 10. To encroach on what has
been taken from one ; to attempt to recover possession.
RE-CLaIM', v. i. To cry out ; to exclaim. Pope.
t RE-CLAIM', n. 1. Reformation. Hales. 2. Recovery.
Spenser.
RE-CLaIM'A-BLE, a. That may be reclaimed, reformed
or tamed.
RE-CLaIM'ANT, n. One that opposes, contradicts or re-
m.onstrates against. Waterland.
RE-CLaIM'ED, (re-klamd') pp. Recalled from a vicious
life ; reformed ; tamed ; domesticated ; recovered.
RE-CLaIM'ING, ppr. Recalling to a regular course of life ;
reforming; recovering; taking; demanding,
t RE-€LaIM'LESS, a. Not to be reclaimed. Lee.
REC-LA-Ma'TION, 71. 1. Recovery. 2. Demand; chal-
lenge of something to be restored ; claim made.
REC'LI-NATE, a. [L. reclinatus.] In botany, reclined, as
a leaf; bent downwards, so that the point of the leaf is
lower than the base.
REC-LI-Na'TEON, n. The act of leaning or reclining.
RE-€LlNE', V. t. [L. reclino.] To lean back ; to lean to one
side or sidewise.
RE-€LlNE', V. i. To lean ; to rest or repose ; as, to recline
on a couch.
EE-€LlNE', a. [L. reclinis.] Leaning ; being in a leaning
posture. [Little iised.] Milton
I RE-€LlN'ED, (re-klind') pp. Inclined back cr sidewise.
RE-€LlN'ING, ppr. Leaning back or sidewise ; resting ,
lying._
RE-CLoSE', V. t. [re and close.] To close or shut again
Pope._
RE-€LoS'ED, (re-kl6zd') pp. Closed again.
RE-CLoS'ING, ppr. Closing again.
RE-CLuDE', V. t. [L. recludo.] To open. [Little used.]
RE-CLuSE', a. [Fr. rectus ; L. rechisus.] Shut up ; seques-
tered ; retired from the world or from public notice ; soli-
tary. _
RE-CLuSE', n. 1. A person who lives in retirement or se-
clusion from intercourse with the world, as a hermit or
monk. 2. A person who confines himself to a cell in a
monastery.
fRE-CLtJSE', V. t. To shut up. Donne.
RE-CLuSE'LY, adv. In retirement or seclusion from so-
ciety ._
RE-€LuSE'NESS, n. Retirement ; seclusion from society.
RE-€Lu'SlON, n. A state of retirement from the world ;
seclusion.
RE-€Lu'SIVE, a. Affording retirement from society.
RE-€0-AG-U-La'T10N, n. A second coagulation.
fRE-COCT', a. [li. recoctus.] New-vamped. Taylor.
*REC-OG-Ni"TION, (rek-og'-nish'un, or rek-o-nish'un) n.
[L. rccognitio.] 1. Acknowledgment; formal avowal.
2. Acknowledgment ; memorial. 3. Acknowledgment ;
solemn avowal by which a thing is owned or declared to
belong to, or by which the remembrance of it is revived,
4. Knowledge confessed or avowed.
* RE-COG'NI-TOR, (re-kog'ne-tor, or re-kon'e-tor) n. One
of a jury upon assize. Blackstone.
*RE-C0G'NI-ZA-BLE, (re-kog'ne-za-bl, or re-kon'e-za-bl)
a. That may be recognized or acknowledged. Orient. Col-
lections.
*RE-C0G'NI-ZANCE, (re-kog'ne-zans, or re-kon'e-zans)
71. [Fr. reconnoisance.] 1. Acknowledgment of a person
or thing ; avowal ; profession. — 2. In laic, an obligation
of record which a man enters into before some court of
record or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to
do some particular act, as to appear at the assizes, to
keep the peace, or pay a debt. 3. The verdict of a jury
impanneled upon assize.
* REC'OG-NlZE, (rek'og-nize, or rek'o-nize) v. t. [It. rico-
noscere ; Sj). reconocer ; Fr. reconnoitre ; L. recognosco.]
1. To recollect or recover the knowledge of, either with
an avowal of that knowledge or not. We recognize a per-
son at a distance, when we recollect that we have seen
him before, or that we have formerly known him. We
recognize his features or his voice. 2. To review ; to re-
examine. South.
* REC'OG-NiZE, V. i. To enter an obligaticm of record be-
fore a proper tribunal.
*RE€'OG-NlZED, pp. Acknowledged; recollected as
known ; bound by recognizance.
* RE-COG-NI-ZEE', n. The person to whom a recognizance
is made. Blackstone.
*REeOG-NlZ-ING, ppr Acknowledging; recollecting as
known ; entering a recognizance.
* RE-COG-NI-ZOR', n. One who enters into a recogni-
zance. Blackstone.
RE-COIL', V. i. [Fr. reculer^ ; It. rinculare ; Sp. recular.]
1. To move or start back ; to roll back. 2. To fall back ;
to retire. 3. To rebound. 4. To retire; to flow back. 5.
to start back ; to shrink ; as, nature recoils at the bloody
deed. 6. To return.
f RE-COIL', V. t. To drive back. Spenser.
RE-COIL', n. A starting or falling back.
RE-COIL'ER, n. One who falls back from his promise oi
profession ; a revolter.
RE-COIL'ING, ppr. Starting or falling back ; retiring ^
shrinking.
RE-COIL'lNG, n. The act of starting or falling back ; a
shrinking ; revolt. South.
RE-COIL'ING-Ly, adv. With starting back or retroces-
sion.
RE-COIN', V. t. [re and coin.] To coin again.
RE-COIN' AGE, n. 1. The act of coining anew. 2. That
which is coined anew.
RE-COIN'ED, (re-koind-) pp. Coined again.
RE-COIN'ING, ppr. Coining anew.
REC-OL-LECT', v. t. [re and collect ; L. recolligo, recol-
lectus.] I. To collect again ; to recover or call back ideas
to the memory. 2. To recover or recall the knowledge
of; to bring back to the mind or memory. 3. To recover
resolution or csmposure of mind.
RE-COL-LECT', v. t. To gather again ; to collect what
has been scattered.
REC'OL-LECT. See Recollet.
REC-OL-LECT'ED, pp. Recalled tQ the memory.
REC-OL-LECT'ING, ppr. Recovering to the memory.
REC-OL-LEC'TION, n. 1. The act of recalling to the
memory, as ideas that have escaped ; or the operation by
which ideas are recalled to the memory or revived in f lie
* See Synopsis. A fi, I 5 U, f lonff.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;—PRJSY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete
REC
677
REC
mind. 2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or
the period within which things can be recollected ; re-
membrance.
R.E€-OL-LEeT'IVE, a. Having the power of recollecting.
RE€'OL-LET, n. fSp., Port, recoleto.] A monk of a re-
formed order of Franciscans.
11E-€0M-BI-Na'TI0N, n. Combination a second time.
RE-€OM-BlNE', v. t. [re and combine.] To combine
again.
llE-€OM-BrN'ED, (re-kora-bind') p;>. Combined anew.
RE-€OM-BlN'ING, ppr. Combining again.
RE-C6M FORT, v. t. [re and comfort.] 1. To comfort
again ; to console anew. 2. To give new strength.
RE-€6jM'FORT-ED, pp. Comforted again.
llE-€6M'FORT-ING, ppr. Comforting again.
t RE-CoM'FO.RT-LESS, a. Witliout comfort. Spenser.
RE-COM-MENCE', (re-kom-mens') v. t. [re and com-
vievce.] To commence again ; to begin anew.
RE-€OM-MEN'CED, (re-kom-mensf) pp. Commenced
anew.
RE-€OM-MEN'CING, ppr. Beginning again.
[{ EC-OM-MEND', v. t. fre and commend; Fr. rccommand-
er.] 1. To praise to another : to offer or commend to an-
other's notice, confidence or kindness by favorable repre-
sentations. 2. To make acceptable. 3. To commit with
prayers.
REC-OM-MEND'A-BLE, a. That may be recommended ;
worthy of recommendation or praise. Glanville.
[REC-OM-MEND'A-BLE NESS, n. auality of being rec-
ommendable.
tREC-OM-MEND'A-BLY, adv. So as to deserve com-
mendation.
REC-OM-MEND-A'TION, K. 1. The act of recommending
or of commending ; the act of representing in a favorable
manner for the purpose of procuring the notice, confi-
dence or civilities of another. 2. That which procures a
kind or favorable reception.
RE€-OM-MENi> A-TO-RY, a. That commends to another ;
that recommends. Swift.
REC-OM-MEND'ED, pp. Praised ; commended to another.
REC-OM-MEND'ER, n. One who commends.
RE€-OM-MEND'ING, ppr. Praising to another ; commend-
ing.
RE-€OM-MIS'SION, v. t. [re and comviission.] To commis-
sion again. Marshall.
RE-€OM-MIS'SIONED, pp. Commissioned again.
RE-€OM-MIS'SION-ING, ppr. Commissioning again.
RE-COM-MIT', 1). t [re B.\\A. commit.] 1. To commit again.
2. To refer again to a committee.
RE-€OM-MIT'MENT, n. A second or renewed commit-
ment ; a renewed reference to a committee.
RE-€OM-MIT'TED, pp. Committed anew ; referred again.
RE-€OM-MIT'TING, ppr. Committing again j referring
again to a committee.
RE-€OM-Mu'NI-€ATE, v. i. [re and comviunicate.] To
communicate again.
RE-€OM-PA€T', v. t. [re and compact.] To join anew.
tRE-€OM-PEN-SA'TION, n. Recompense.
REC'OM-PENSE, v. t. [Fr. recompenser.] 1. To compen-
sate ; to make return of an equivalent for any thing given,
done or suffered. 2. To requite ; to repay ; to return an
equivalent ; in a bad sense. 3. To make an equivalent
return in profit or produce. 4. To compensate ; to make
amends by any thing equivalent. 5. To make restitution
or an equivalent return for. JVwm. v.
REC'OM-PENSE, v. 1. An equivalent returned for any
thing given, done or suffered; compensation; reward;
amends. 2. Requital ; return of evil or suffering or other
equivalent ; as a punishment.
REC'OM-PENSED, pp. Rewarded; requited.
RECOM-PENS-ING, p;)r. Rewarding; compensating; re-
quiting.
RE-€OM-PiLE'MENT, n. [re and compilement.] New
compilation or digest. Bacon.
RE-€OM-PoSE', V. t. [re and compose.] 1. To quiet anew ;
to compose or tranquilize that which is ruffled or disturb-
ed. 2. To compose anew ; to form or adjust again.
RE-€OM-PoS'ED, (re-kom-pozd') pp. Quieted again after
agitation ;_ formed anew ; composed a second time.
RE-€OM-PoS'ING, ;};ir. Rendering tranquil after agitation ;
■forming or adjusting anew.
RE-€OM-PO-Sl"TrON, n. Composition renewed.
REC-ON-ClL'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being reconciled ;
•capable of renewed friendship. 2. That may be made to
agree or be consistent ; consistent. 3. Capable of being
adjusted.
REC-ON-CiL'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being
reconcilable; consistency. 2. Possibility of being restor-
ed to friendship and harmony.
KEC-ON-CILE', V. t. [Fr. reconcilier ; L. reconcilio.] 1. To
conciliate anew ; to call back into union and friendship
the affections which have been alienated ; to restore to
friendship or favor after estrangement. 2. To bring to
acquiescence, content or quiet submission. 3. To make
consistent or congruous ; to bring to agreement or suita
bleness. 4, To adjust ; to settle.
t RE€-ON-ClLE', a. i. To become reconciled. .Sbp. San-
croft.
REC-ON-ClL'ED, (rek-on-sild') pp. Brought into friend-
sliip from a state of disagreement or enmity ; made con-
sistent; adjusted.
RE€-ON-ClLE'MENT, 71. 1. Reconciliation; renewal of
friendship. 2. Friendship renewed. Milton.
REC-ON-ClL'ER, n. 1. One who reconciles ; one who
brings parties at variance into renewed friendship. 2
One who discovers the consistence of propositions.
RE€-ON-CIL-r-A'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. reconciliatio.] 1
Tlie act of reconciling parties at variance ; renewal of
friendship after disagreement or enmity. — 2. In Scripture,
the means by which sinners are reconciled and Irought
into a state of favor with God, after natural estrangement
or enmity ; tlie atonement; expiation. 3. Agreement of
things seemingly opposite, different or inconsistent.
REC-OiV-CIL'I- A-TO-RY, a. Able or tending to reconcile.
IlaU.
RE€-ON-ClL'ING, ppr. Bringing into favor and friendship
after variance ; bringing to content or satisfaction ; show-
ing to be consistent ; adjusting ; making to asree.
RE-CON DEN-Sa'TION, n. The act of recondensing.
RE-CON-DENSE', (re-kon-dens') v. t. [re and condense.]
To condense again. Boyle.
RE-CON-DENS'ED, (re-kon-densf) pp. Condensed anew
RE-€ON-DEN3'ING, ppr. Condensing again.
*RE€ON-DITE, a. [L. reconditus.] 1. Secret ; hidden
from the view or intellect; abstruse. 2. Profound ; deal-
ing in things abstruse.
RE-€ON'DI-TO-RY, n. A repository ; a store-house or mag-
azine. [Little used.] Ash.
RE-eON-DU€T', v. t. [re and condact.] To conduct back
or again. Dry den.
RE-CON-DU€T'ED, 7>;j. Conducted back or again.
RE-eON-DU€T'ING, ppr. Conducting back or again.
RE-€ON-FiRM', v. t. [re and confirm.] To confirm anew.
RE-CON-JOIN', V. t. [re and conjoin.] To join or conjoin
anew. Boyle.
RE-€ON-JdlN'ED, (re-kon-joind') pp. Joined again.
RE-€ON-JOJN'ING, ppr. Joining anew.
RE-CON-NOIT'ER, v.t. [Fr. reconnoitre.] To view; to
survey ; to examine by the eye ; particularly, in military
affairs, to examine the state of an enemy's army or camp,
or the ground for military operations.
RE-CON-NOIT'ERED, pp. Viewed ; examined by person-
al observation.
RE-CON-NOIT'ER-ING, pp: Viewing ; examining by
personal observation.
RE-€ON'Q,UER, (re-kon'ker) v. t. [re and conquer; Fr. re-
conquerir.] 1. To conquer again; to recover by con-
quest. Davies. 2. To recover ; to regain ; [a French
use.]
RE-€ON'Q,UERED, pp. Conquered again ; regained.
RE-€ON'Q,UER-ING, ppr. Conquering again ; recovering.
RE-CON'SE-€RATE, v. t. [re and consecrate.] To conse-
crate anew.
RE-CON'SE-€RA-TED, pp. Consecrated again.
RE-CON'SE-CRA-TING, ppr. Consecrating again.
RE-€ON-SE-€Ra'TION, n. A renewed consecration
RE-CON-SID'ER, v. t. [re and consider.] 1. To consider
again ; to turn in the mind again ; to review. 2. To an-
nul ; to take into consideration a second time and rescind.
RE-€ON-SID-ER-a'TION, n. 1. A renewed consideration
or review in the mind. 2. A second consideration ; an-
nulment ; rescision.
RE-CON-SID'ERED, fp. Considered again ; rescinded.
RE-CON-SID'ER-ING, ppr. Considering again ; rescinding.
t RE-€ON'SO-LATE, v. t. To console or comfort again.
RE-€ON-VeNE', v. t. [re and convene.] To convene or
call together again.
RE-CON-VeNE', v. i. To assemble or come together again.
RE-CON-VeN'ED, (re-kon-veend') pp. Assembled anew.
RE-CON-VeN'ING, ppr. Assembling anew.
RE-CON- VER'SION, n. [re and conversion.] A second
conversion. Weever. _
RE-CON-VERT', v. t. [re and convert.] To convert again.
RE-€0N-VERT'ED, pp. Converted again.
RE-CON-VERT'ING, ppr. Converting again.
RE-CON-VEY', V. t. [re and convey.] 1. To convey back
or to its former place. 2. To transfer back to a former
owner; as, to reconvey an estate.
RE-CON-VEY'ED, (re-kon-vade') pp. Conveyed back>;
transferred to a former owner.
RE-CON-VEY'ING, ppr. Conveying back ; transferring to
a former owner.
RE-CORD', v. t. [L. recorder ; Sp. recordar ; Fr. recorder.]
1. To register ; to enroll ; to write or enter in a book or on
parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic or cor-
rect evidence of a thing. 2. To imprint deeply on the
mind or memory. 3. To cause to be remembered. 4. To
recite ; to repeat ; [obs.] 5. To call to mind ; [obs.]
Sec Synf^sis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ?— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CfH as SH ; TH «s in this. tUbsoiete
REC
678
REC
8.E-€0RD', V. i. To sing or repeat a tune. Shak.
* RE€'ORD, n. 1. A register ; iin authentic or otiicial copy
of any writing, or account of any facts and proceedings,
entered in a book for preservation ; or tlie book containing
such copy or account. 2. Autlientic memorial.
t RE€-OKD-A'TION, n. [L. recordatio,] Remembrance.
RE-€ORD'ED, pj?. Registered j otncially entered in a book
or on parchment ; imprinted on the memory.
RE-€ORD'ER, n. 1. A person whose official duty is to regis-
ter writings or transactions j one who enrolls or records.
2. An officer of a city who is keeper of the rolls or records,
or who is invested with judicial powers. 3. Formerly, a
kind of flute, flagfclet or wind instrument.
RE-eORD'ING, ^jjr. Registering; enrolling 3 imprinting on
the memory.
RE-€OUCn', V. i. [re and couch.] To retire again to a lodge,
as lions. Wotton,
RE-€OUNT', V. t. [Fr. reconter ; Sp. recontar ; It. raccon-
tare.] To relate in detail ; to recite ; to tell or narrate the
particulars ; to rehearse.
RE-€OUNT'ED, pp. Related or told in detail ; recited.
RE-€OUNT'ING, ppr. Relating in a series ; narrating.
RE-eOUNT JVIENT, n. Relation in detail ; recital. [L. m.]
(• RE-COUR'ED, for recovered or recured. Spenser.
RE-CoURSE', n. [Fr. recours ; It. ricorso ; Sp. recurso ; L.
r^cursus.] 1. Literalh, , a running back; a return. 2.
Return ; new attack ; [obs.] 3. A going to with a request
or application, as for aid or projection. 4. Application of
efforts, art or labor. 5. Access ; [little used.] 6. Frequent
passage.
t RE-€oURSE', V. i. To return. Fox
f RE-eoURSE'FUL, a. Moving alternately. Drayton.
RE-€6V'ER, V. i. [Fr. recouvrer ; It. ricoverare ; Li. recu-
perc] 1. To regain ; to ge* or obtain that v^hich was lost
2. To restore from sickness. 3. To revive from apparent
death. 4. To regain by reparation ; to repair the loss of,
or to repair an injury done by neglect. 5. To regain a
former state by liberation from capture or possession. 6.
To gain as a compensation ; to obtain in return for injury
or debt. 7. To reach ; to come to. 8. To obtain title to
by judgment in a court of law.
RE-€6V'ER, V. i. 1. To regain health after sickness ; to
grow well. 2. To regain a former state or condition after
misfortune. 3. To obtain a judgment in law ; to succeed
in a lawsuit.
RE-€6V'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be regained or recov-
ered. 2. That may be restored from sickness. 3. That
may be brought back to a former condition. 4. That may
be obtaiJied from a debtor or possessor.
RE-€6V'ERED, pp. Regained ; restored ; obtained by judi-
cial decision.
RE-GoV-ER-EE', ?i. In lato, the tenant or person against
whom a judgment is obtained in common recovery.
RE-€6Y'EB.-ING, ppr. Regaining ; obtaining in return or by
judgment in law ; regaining health.
RE-€oVER-OR, ri. In Ian;, the demandant or person who
obtains a judr'nent in his favor in common recovery.
RE-€6V'ER-Y, n. 1. The act of regaining, retaking or ob-
taining possession of any thing lost, 2. Restoration from
sickness or apparent death. 3. The capacity of being re-
stored to health. 4. The obtaining of right to something
by a verdict and judgment of court from an opposing party
in a suit.
RE€'RE-ANT, a. [Norm, recreant.] 1. Crying for mercy,
as a combatant in the trial by battel ; yielding ; hence,
cowardly ; mean-spirited. 2. Apostate ; false.
RE€'RE-ANT, n. One who yields in combat and cries
craven : one who begs for mercy ; hence, a mean-spirited,
cowardly wretch.
REe'RE-ATE, v. t. [i... rezreo ; Fr. recreer ; It. ricreare ;
Sp. recrear.] 1. To refresh afler toil ; to reanimate, as
languid spirits or exhausted strength ; to amuse or divert
in weariness. 2. To gratify ; to delight. 3. To relieve ;
to revive.
ilE€'RE-ATE, v. i. To take recreation. Addison.
?.E-eRE-ATE', V. t. To create or form anew. Marshall.
.iEG'RE-A-TED, pv. Refreshed ; diverted ; amused ; grati-
fied.
RE-€RE-aT'ED, vp. Created or formed anew.
RE€'RE-A-TING, ppr. Refreshing after toil ; reanimating
the spirits or strength ; diverting ; amusing.
RE-€RE-aT'ING, ppr Creating or forming anew.
RE€-RE-A'TION, 7?. 1. Refreshment of the strength and
spirits after toil ; amusement ; diversion. 2. Relief from
toil or pain ; amusement in sorrow or distress. Sidney.
RE-€RE-A'TION, n. A forming anew.
RE€'RE-A-TiVE, a. Refreshing ; giving new vigor or ani-
mation ; giving relief after labor or pain ; amusing ; divert-
ing.
RE€'RE-A-TTVE-LY, adr. ^^.Ith recreation or diversion.
REC'RE-A-TIVE-NESS, ,;. Tlie quality of being refreshing
or diverting.
RE€'RE-MENT, ?7. [L recrementum.] Superfluoug matter
separated from that which is useful ; dross ; scoria ; spume.
RE€-RE-MENT"AL, ) a. Drossy ; consisting ofsupef-
RE€-RE-MEN-Ti"TIAL, > fluous matter seperated from
RE€-RE-MEN-Ti"TIOUS, ) that which is valuable.
RE-€RIM'I-NATE, v. i. [Fr. recriminer.] 1. To return
one accusation with Emother. 2. To charge an accusei
with the like crime.
RE-CRIMiI-NATE, v. t. To accuse in return. South.
RE-€RIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Returning one accusation with
another.
RE-CRIM-I-Na'TION, n. 1. The return of one accusation
with another. — 2. In laic, an accusation brought by the
accused against the accuser upon the same fact.
RE-€RIM'I-NA-TlVE, j t, , ^. ,. „ ,
RE-€RIM'I-NA-T0-RY \ -tietortmg accusation. Burke
RE-CRIM'I-NA-TOR, n. He who retorts an accusation.
RE-CROSS', V, t. To cross a second time. Washington.
RE-€ROSS'ED, (re krost') ^;. Crossed a second time.
RE-CROSS' ING, ppr. Crossing a second time.
RE-CRU'DEN-CY. The same as recradescency.
RE-CRU-DES'CENCE, ) n. [L. reci-udescens.] The state
RE-CRU-DESCEN-CY, \ of becoming sore again. Bacon
RE-CRU-DES'CENT, a. Growing raw, sore or painful
again^
RE-CRuIT', V. t. [YY.recruter ; It. reclutare ; Sp.reclutar.\
' 1. To repair by fresh supplies any thing wasted. 2. To
supply with new men any deficiency of troops.
RE-CRuIT', V. i. 1. To gain new supplies of any thing
wasted ; to gain flesh, health, spirits, &c. 2. To gain
new supplies of men ; to raise new soldiers.
RE-CRUIT', 11. The supply of any thing wasted ; chiefly, a
new-raised soldier to supply the deficiency of an army.
RE-CRuIT'ED, pp. Furnished with new supplies of what
is wasted.
RE-€RuIT'ER, n. One who recruits ; one who supplies a
company with new members. 1
RE-CRtJIT'ING, ppr. Furnishing with fresh supplies; rais-
ing new soldiers for an army.
RE-CRuIT'ING, n. The business of raising new soldiers to
supply the loss of men in an army.
RE-CRtJIT'MENT, n. The act or business of raising new
supplies of men for an army. Walsh.
RE-CRYSTAL-iZE, v. i. To crystalize a second time.
RECT'AN-GLE, n. [Fr. ; L. rectangulus.] 1. A right-an-
gled parallelogram. — 2. In arithmetic, the product of two
lines multiplied into each other.
RECT'AN-GLED, a. Having right angles, or angles of nine-
ty degrees.
RECT-AN'GU-LAR, a. Right-angled ; having angles of
ninety degrees. Wotton.
RE€T-AjN"GU-LAR-LY, adv. With or at right angles.
Brown.
REC TI-Fi-A-BLE, a. That may be rectified ; capable of
being corrected or set right.
REC-TI-FI-Ca'TION, w. [Fr.] 1. The act or operation of
correcting, amending or setting right tliat which is wrong
or erroneous. — 2. In chemistry, the process of refining or
purifying any substance by repeated distillauon, which
separates the grosser parts.
REC'TI-FiED, pp. Corrected ; set or made right ; refined
by repeated distillation or sublimation.
RE€'TI-FI-ER, 7j. One that corrects or amends. Bailey. 2.
One wlio refines a substance by repeated distillations. 3.
An instiument that shows the variations of the compass,
and rectifies the course of a ship. Encyc,
RE€'TI-Fy, V. t. [Fr. rectifier ; It. reitificare : Sp. rectifi-
car.] 1. To make rigirt ; to correct that which is Avrong,
erroneous or false ; to amend. — 2. Jn chemistry, to refine
by repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine
parts of a substance are separated from the grosser. — 3. To
rectify the globe, is to bring the sun's place in the ecliptic
on the globe to the brass meridian.
REC'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Correcting; amending; refining by
repeated distillation or sublimation.
REC-TI-LIN'E-AL, ) a. [L. rectus and linea.] Right-lined ;
REC-TI-LINIE-AR, \ consisting of a right line or of right
lines ; straight.
t REC-TI-LIN'E-OUS, a. Rectilinear. Ray.
REC'TI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; It. rcttitudine ; Sp. rcctitud.] In
viorality, rightness of principle or practice ; uprightness of
mind ; exact conformity to truth^ or to the rules prescribed
for moral conduct, either by divine or human laws.
RECTOR, n. [L. rector ; Fr. recteur ; It. rett(yre.] 1. A
ruler or governor. 2. A clergyman who has the charge
and cure of a parish, and has the tithes, &c ; or the par-
son of an unimpropriated parish. 3. The chief elective
officer of some universities, as in France and Scotland.
4. The superior officer or chief of a convent or religious
house ; and, among the Jesuits, the superior of a house
that is a seminary or college.
rfctor at )
REe-To'RI-AL ( "" Pertaining to a rector. Blackstone.
REC'TOR-SHIP', n. The ofiice or rank of a rector.
REC'TOR-Y, 71. 1. A parish church, parsonage or spiritual
* See Synopsis. A K I, O, U, "S", long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
RED
679
RED
iiving, with all its rights, tithes and glebes. 2. A rector's
mansion or parsonage-house. Encyc.
RE€'TRIX*'' ( ^' t^' '■^^^^'^^•l A governess. B. Jonson.
REeTUM,'??. [L.] In anatomy, the third and last of the
large intestines. Encyc.
KE€-U-Ba'TION, n. [L. "ecubo ; re and cubo, to lie down.]
The act of lying or leaning. [Little ^ised.] Brown.
t RE-€ULE', r. i. To recoil. [See Recoil.] Barret.
RE-€UMB', V. i. [L. recnmbo.] To lean ; to recline ; t6 re-
pose.
RE-eUMB'EXCE, n. [from L. recumbens.] The act of re-
posing or resting in confidence. Ld. JVvrth.
RE-€UMB EX-CY, n. 1. The posture of leaning, reclining
or lying. 2. Rest ; repose ; idle state. Locke.
RE-€UMB'ENT, a. [L. recumbens.] 1. Leaning ; reclin-
ing. -2. Reposing ; inactive ; idle. Youna-.
t RE-eu PER-A-BLE, a. Recoverable. Cliancer.
RE-€U-PER-A TIOX, 7i. [L. recuperatio.] Recovery, as of
any thing lost.
RE-euPER-A-TiVE, ) a. Tending to recovery j pertain-
RE-€U'PER-A-T0-RY, \ ing to recovery.
RE-€UR', V. i. [L. recurro : Fr. recourir.] 1. To return to
the thought or mind. 2. To resort ; to nave recourse.
tRE-€uRE', V. t. [re and c?ire.] To cure 5 to recover.
tRE-€uRE', n. Cure; recovery. Knollen.
tRE-€uRE'LESS, a. Incapable of cure or remedy.
RE-eURRENCE, \n. 1. Return. 2. Resort; the having
RE-€UR'REN-CY, ) recourse.
RE-CUR'REXT, a. [L. recurrens.] 1. Returning from time
to time. — 2. In cry sialography^ a recurrent crystal is one
whose faces, being counted in annular ranges from one
extremity to the other, furnish two different numbers
which succeed each other several times, as 4, 8, 4, 8, 4. —
3. In anatomy, the recurrent nerve is a branch of the par
vacrum, given off in the upper part of the thorax, which is
reflected and runs up along the trachea to the larynx.
Wistar.
RE-€trR'SIOM', 71. [L. recursus.] Return. [Little tised.]
RE-€URV'ATE, v. t. [L. recurvo.] To bend back.
RE-€URViATE, a. 1. In botany, bent, bowed or curved
downwards. 2. Bent outward's.
RE-€UR-Va'TIOX, or RE-€URV'I-T1^, n. A bending or
flexure backwards. Brown.
RE-€URVE', (re-kurv') v. t. [L. recurve] To bend back.
RE-€URV'ED, (re-kurvd') pp. Bent back or downwards.
RE-€URV'I-R0S-TER, n. [L. recurvus and rostrum.] A
fowl whose beak or bill bends upwards, as the avoset.
RE-€URV'0US, G. [lu. recurvus.] Bent backwards.
RE-€u'SAX-CY, n. Non-conformity. Coke.
* RE-€U'SANT, a. [L. recusans.] Refusing to acknowledge
the supremacy of the king, or to conform to the establish-
ed rites of the church.
*RE-€d SANT, n. 1. In English history, a person who re-
fuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in mat-
ters of religion. 2. One who refuses communion with the
church of England ; a non-conformist.
REG-U-Sa TION, ?i. [L. rectisatio.] 1. Refusal.— 2. In law,
the act of refusing a judge, or challenging that he shall
not try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality.
t RE-€USE', V. t. [L. recuso.] To refuse or reject, as a
judge ; to challenge that the judge shall not try the cause.
Digby. g
RED, a. [Sax. red, read ; D. rood ; G. roth ; Sw. rod ; Dan.
rod ; Corn, rydh.] Of a bright color, resembling blood.
Red is a. simple or primary color, but of several different
shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange-
red, &c.
RED, n. A red color. J\''ewton.
f RE-DA€T', V. t. [L. redactus.] To force ; to reduce to
form.
RED' AN, n. [written sometimes redent and redens.] In for-
tification, a work indented, or formed with salient and re-
entering' angles, so that one part may flank and defend
another.
fRED-ARGUE, V. t. ['L.redarguo.] To refute.
tRED-AR-GuTION, ?!. Refutation; conviction. Bacon.
RED -BER-RIED, a. Having or bearing red berries.
RED-BiRD, 71. The popular name of several birds.
REDBREAST,.7i. A bird so called from the color of its
breast, a species of motacilla.
RED BUD, n. A plant or tree of the genus cercis.
RED-CHALK', 71. A kind of clay iron-stone ; reddle.
RED-€o'AT, n. A name given to a soldier who wears a
red coat. Dryden.
RED'DEX, (red'n) v. t. To make red. Dryden.
REDDEN, (red'n) v. i. 1. To grow or become red. 2. To
blush.
RED-DEND1JM, 71, In law, the clause by which rent is re-
served in a lease.
REDDISH, a. Somewhat red ; moderately red. Lev. xiii.
RED'DTSH-NESS, n. Redness in a moderate degree.
RED-Di'TION, 71. [L. reddo.]!. A returning of any thing ;
restitution ; surrender. 2. Explanation ; representation.
RED'DI-TiVE, a. [L.. redditivus.] Returning; answering
to an interrogative ; a term of grammar. Johnson.
REDDLE, n. [from red.] Red chalk, commonly used as a
pigment. Hill.
t REDE, 71. [Sax. r<£d.] Counsel; advice. Shak.
fREDE, V t. To counsel or advise. Spenser.
RE-DEEM', V. t. [L. redimo.] 1. To purchase back ; t«
ransom ; to liberate or rescue from captivity or bondage,
or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeit-
ed, by paying an equivalent. 2. To repurchase what has
been sold ; to regain possession of a thing alienated, by
repaying the value of it to the possessor. 3. To rescue";
to recover ; to deliver from. 4. To compensate ; to make
amends for. 5. To free by making atonement. 6. To pay
the penalty of. 7. To save. 8. To perform what I as been
promised ; to make good by performance. — 9. In lau\ to
recall an estate, or to obtain the right to re-enter upon a
mortgaged estate by paying to the mortgagee his principal,
interesi, and expenses or costs. — 10. In theology, to res-
cue and deliver from the bondage of sin and its penalties.
— 11. In commerce, to purchase or pay the value, in specie,
of any promissory note, bill or other evidence of debt,
given'by the state, by a company or coi-poration, or by an
individual. — To redeem time, is to use more diligence in
the iinrrovement of it.
RE-DEEM A-BLE, a. ]. That may be redeemed ; capable
of redemption. 2. That may be purchased or paid for in
gold and silver, and brought into the possession of govern-
ment or the original promiser.
RE-DEEM' A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being redeemable
RE-DEEM'ED, (re-deemd') pp. Ransomed ; delivered from
bondage, distress, penalty, liability, or from the possession
of another, by paying an equivalent.
RE-DEEJM'ER, n. 1. One who redeems or ransoms. 2. The
Savior of the world, Jz«>us Christ,
RE-DEEM'ING, pjjr. Ransoming; procuring deliverance
from captivity, capture, bondage, sin, distress or liability
to suffer, by the payment of an equivalent.
RE-DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. i. [re and deliberate.] To deliber-
ate again.
t RE-DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. t. To reconsider.
RE-DE-LIV'ER, v. t. [re and deliver.] 1. To deliver back.
Jiiiliife. 2. To deliver again ; to liberate a second time.
RE-DE-LIV'ER-ANCE, ?;. A second deliverance.
RE-DE-LIVERED, pp. Delivered back ; liberated again.
RE-DE-LIV'ER-ING, ppr. Delivering back; liberating
again.
RE-DE-LIV'ER-Y", 71. The act of delivering back ; also, a
second delivery or liberation.
RE-DE-MaND', v. t. [re and demand ; Fr. redemander.]
To demand back ; to demand again. Addison.
RE-DE-MaND', n. A demandhig back again.
RE-DE-MAND'A-BLE, a. That may be demanded back.
RE-DE-MaND'ED, pp. Demanded back or again.
RE-DE-MaXD'ING, ppr. Demanding back or again.
RE-DE-MlSE', V. t. [re and demise.] To convey or trans-
fer back, as an estate in fee simple, fee tail, for life or a
term of years. _^
RE-DE-MlSE', n. Reconveyance ; the transfer of an estato
back to the person who has demised it.
RE-DE-MlS'ED, (re-de-mlzd') pp. Reconveyed, as an es-
tate.
RE-DE-MTS'ING, ppr. Reconvejnng.
RE-DEMP'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. redenzione ; L. redemptio.l
1. Repurchase of captured goods or prisoners ; the act of
procuring the deliverance of persons or things from the
possession and power of captors by the payment of an
equivalent ; ransom ; release. 2. Deliverance from bond-
age, distress, or from liability to any evil or forfeiture,
ehher by money, labor or other means. 3. Repurchase,
as of lands alienated. Lev. xxv. 4. The liberation of an
estate from a mortgage ; or the purchase of the right to re-
enter upon it by p^'ing the sum for which it was mort-
gaged ; also, the rigiit of redeeming and re-entering. 5.
Repurchase of notes, bills or other evidence of debt by
paying their value in specie to their holders. — 6. In theol-
ogy, the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bond-
age of sin and the penalties of God's violated law by the
atonement of Christ. Dryden.
RE-DEMP'TION-ER, n. One who redeems himself, or pur-
chases his release from debt or obligation to the master of
a ship by his services ; or one whose services are sold to
pay the expenses of his passage to America.
RE-DEMP'TOR-Y, a. Paid for ransom. Chapman.
RE-DENT'ED, a. Formed like the teeth of a saw ; in-
dented.
RE-DE-SCEND', v.i. [re and descend.] To descend again.
RE-DE-SCEND'ING, ppr. Descending again.
RED'EYE, 71. A fish of a red color, the iris.
RED'GUM, 71. A disease of new-born infants ; an eruption
of red pimples in early infancv. Good.
RED'-HAIRED, a. Having hair of a red or sandy color.
RED'-HOT, n. Red with heat ; heated to redness.
RED'I-ENT, a. [L. rediens.] Returning. E. H. Smith.
See Snnops^j MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tto. t Obsolete.
RED
680
REE
RE-DI-6EST', v. t. To digest or reduce to foiin a second
time. Kent.
RE-Di-6EST'ED, yp. Digested again.
RE-DI-6EST'ING, ppr Digesting a second time ; reducing
a£;ain to order.
RE-DIIN^TE-GRATE, v. t. [L. rcdrnteffro.} To make whole
again ; tp renew ; to restore to a perfect state.
RE-DIN'TE-GRATE, a. Renewed ; restored to wholeness
or a perfect state. Bacon.
RE-DIN'TE-GRA-TED,p;). Renewed restored to entireness.
RE-DIN TE-GRA-TIIVG, ppr. Restoring to a perfect stale,
RE-DIN-TE-GRa'TION, ?i. 1. Renovation; restoration to
a whole or sound state. — 2. In chemistry, the restoration
of anj' mixed body or matter to its former nature and con-
stitution.
RE-DIS-BCTRSE', (re-dis-hurs) v. t. [re and disburse.] To
repay or refund. Spenser.
EE-DIS-PoSE', v. t. [re and dispose.l To dispose or adjust
again. Baxter.
RE-DIS-PoS'ED, (re-dis-pozd') pp. Disposed anew.
EE-DIS-FoSliSG, ppr. Disposing or adjusting anew.
RE-DIS-SkI'ZIIV, n. [re and disseizin.'] In law, a tcrit cf
redisseizin is a writ to recover seizin of lands or tene-
ments against a redisseizor.
RE-DIS-SkLZOR, 71. [re and disseizor.] A person who dis-
seizes lands or tenements a second time, or after a recov-
ery of the same from him in an action of novel disseizin.
RE-DIS-SOLVE', (re-diz-zolv') v. t. [re and dissolve.] To
dissolve again.
EE-DIS-SOLV ED, (re-diz-zolvd') pp. Dissolved a second
time.
RE-DIS-SOLVIXG, ppr. Dissolving again.
RE-DIS-TRIB'UTE^ v. t. [re and distribute.] To distribute
again; to deal back again. Cotgrave.
RE-DIS-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Distributed again or back.
RE-DIS-TRIB U-TING, ppr. Distributing again or back.
RE-DIS-TRI-BU'TION , n. A dealing back, or a second dis-
tribution.
RED'-LEAD, (red'-led) n. [red and lead.] Minium, or red
oxyd of lead.
RED'LY, ado. With redness. Cotgrave.
RED'NESS, 71. [Sax. readness^.] The quality of being red ;
red color. Spectator.
RED'0-LEN4^^ i '^' ^^^'^^ redolent.] Sweet scent. Boyle.
RED'0-LENT, a. [L. redolens.] Having or diffusing a
sweet scent. Sandys.
RE-D6UB'LE, (re-dub'l) v. t. [re and double.] 1. To repeat
in return. 2. To repeat often. 3. To increase by repeat-
ed or continued additions.
RE-D61JB'LE, (re-dub'l) v. i. To become twice as much.
RE-D6UB'LED, (re-dub'ld) pp. Repeated in return ; repeat-
ed over and over ; increased by repeated or continued ad-
ditions.
RE-D6UB'LING, (re-dub'ling) ppr. Repeating in return ;
repeating again and again ; increasing by repeated or
continued additions.
RE-DOUBT', I ,^ , „.,< { n. [It. ridotto ; Sp. redticto ; Fr.
RE-DOUT', i ^re-uoui; ^ redoute.] In fortification, an
outwork ; a small, square fort without any defense, ex-
cept in front ; used in trenches, lines of circumvallation,
contravallation and approach, to defend passages, &c.
RE-DOUBT' A-BLE, ) a. [Fr.] Formidable ; that is to be
RE-DOUT'A-BLE, ) dreaded ; terrible to foes. Hence,
the implied sense is valiant.
tEE-DOUBTED, G. Formidable. Svenser.
RE-DOUXD', V. i. [It. ridondare ; L. redundo.] 1. To be
sent, rolled or driven back. 2. To conduce in the conse-
quence ; to contribute ; to result. 3. To proceed in the
consequence or eti'ect ; to result.
RE-DOUND'ING, ppr. Conducing ; contributing ; resulting.
RED'POLE, 71. A bird with a red head or poll, of the genus
fringilla.
EE-DRaFT', v. t. [re and draft.] To draw or draft anew.
RE-DRAFT', n. 1. A second draft or copy.— 2. In the
French commercial code, a new bill of exchange. V/alsh.
RE-DRaFT'ED,pp. Drafted again ; transcribed into a new
copy.
EE-I)"RAFT'ING, ppr. Redrawing ; drafting or transcribing
again
RE-DRAW, V. t. [re and draw.] 1. To draw again. — In
commerce, to draw a new bill of exchange. Walsh. 2. To
draw a second draft or copy
RE-DRESS', V. t. [Fr. redresser.] 1. To set right; to
amend. 2. To remedy ; to repair ; to relieve from, and
sometimes to indemnify for. 3. To ease ; to relieve.
RE-DRESS', n. 1. Reformation ; amendment. 2. Relief;
remedy ; deliverance from wrong, injury or oppression.
3. Reparation ; indemnification. 4. One who gives re-
lief. Dryden.
RE-DRES^ED, (re-dresf) pp. Remedied ; set right ; re-
lieved ; indemnified.
RE-DRESS'BR, n. One who gives redress.
BE-DRESSONGjPiw. Setting right ; relievii:g ; indemnifj'ing.
EE-DRESS'IVE, a. Affording reUef. Thomson.
RE-DEESS'LESS, a. Without amendment ; without relief.
Shericood.
EED-SkAR', v. i. [red and sear.] To break or crack when
too hot, as iron under the hammer ; a term, of workmen.
RED'SHANK, 7^. 1. A bird of the genus scolopax. 2. A
contemptuous appellation foi- bare-legged persons. Spenser
RED'SHORT, a. [red and short.] Brittle, or breaking short
when red-hot, as a metal ; a term of workmen.
EED'STAET, or EED'TaIL, n. [red and start ; Sax. steort.j
A bird of the genus motacilla.
EED'STEkAK, n. [red and streak.] 1. A sort of apple.
Mortimer. 2. Cider pressed from the red-streak apples.
RE-DuCE', v. t. [L. redtico ; Fr. reduire ; it. riducere.] 1
Literally, to hvmg hack; [obs.] 2. To bring to a former
state. 3. To bring to any state or condition, good or bad
4. To diminisli in length, breadth, thickness, size, quan
tity or value. 5. To lower ; to degrade ; to impair in dig-
nity or excellence, (i. To subdue ; to bring into subjec
tion. 7. To reclaim to order. Milton. S. To bring, as
into a class, order, genus or species ; to bring under rules
or within certain limits of description. — 9. In arithmetic,
to change numbers from one denomination into another,
without altering their value. — 10. In algebra, to reduce
eqiuUions, is lo clear them of all superfluous quantities,
bring them to their lowest terms, and separate the known
from the unknown, till at length the unknown quantity
only is found on one side and the known ones on the
other. — il. m metaUargy, to bring back metallic sub-
stances which have been divested of their form, into their
original state of metals. — 12. In surgery, to restore to its
proper place or state a dislocated or fractured bone. — To
reduce a figure, design or draught, to make a copy of it
larger or smaller than the original.
RE-DU'CED, (re-dust) pp. Brought back ; brought to a
former state ; brought into any state or condition ; dimin-
ished ; subdued ; ininoverished.
EE-DtCEMENT, 71. The act of bringing back ; the act of
diminishing ; the act of subduing ; reduction.
RE-DU'CER, n. One that reduces, Sidney.
RE-DU'CI-BLE, a. That mav be reduced. Dryden.
RE-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being reducible.
RE-DU'CING, ppr. Bringing back; bringing to a former
state, or to a different slate or form ; diminishing ; subdu-
ing ; impoverishing.
tRE-DU€T', V. t. [L. reductus.] To reduce. TVarde.
RE-DUCT', n. In building, a little place taken out of a
larger to make it more regular and uniform, or for some
other convenience.
RE-DUCTION, 7). [Fr, ; h. reductio.] 1. The act of re-
ducing, or state of being reduced. 2. Diminution, 3.
Conquest ; subjugation. — 4. In arithmetic, the bringing of
numbers of different denominations into one denomina-
tion. — 5. In aZ^cira, reduction of equations ; see Reduce,
No. 10, ,
RE-DUC'TIVE, a. [Fr, rcductif.] Having the power of re-
ducing. Brevint.
EE-DUC'TIVE, 7?. That which has the power of reducing.
EE-DUC'TIVE-LY, adv. By reduction; by consequence.
EE-DUND'ANCE, ; n. [L. redundantia.] 1. Excess or su-
EE-DUND'AK-CY, ^ perfluous quantity ; superfluity ; su-
perabundance. — 2, In rfi5cow5e, superfluity of words.
EE-DUND'ANT, a. 1. Superfluous ; exceeding what is
natural or necessarj' ; superabundant ; exuberant. 2.
Using more words or images than are necessary or useful.
— 3. In music, a redundant chord is one which contains a
greater number of tones, semitones or lesser intervals,
than it does in its natural state, as from /a to sol sharp.
EE-DUND'ANT-LY, fldu. With superfluity or excess; su-
perfluously ; superabundantly.
EE-DI7TL[-CATE, v. t. [L. reduplico.'] To double.
EE-Du'PLI-€ATE, a. Double,
RE-DU-PLr-€A'TI0N, 7!. The act of doubling, Digby.
RE-DtJ'PLI-CA-TlVE, a. Double. Watts.
EED'WING, n. A bird of the genus turdus.
REE, or RE, n. A small Portuguese coin or money of ac
count, value about one mill and a fourth.
REE, V. t. To riddle ; to sift ; that is, to separate or throw
off. [J^ot in use, or local.] Mortimer.
EE-ECI-I'O, V. t. [re and echo.] To echo back ; to reverbe-
rate again.
EE-E€H'0, V. i. To echo back ; to retui-n back or be rever-
berated ; as an echo. Pope.
EE-EeH'0,7(. The echo of an echo.
RE-E€H'OED, pp. Returned, as sound ; reverberated again
RE-ECK'0-ING, p2)r. Returning or reverberating an echo
REECH'Y, a. [a mis-spelling of reeky.] Tarnished with
smoke ; sooty ; foul ; as a reechy neck. Shak.
REED, 7(. [Sax. Jircod, reod ; G. rieth.] 1. The common
name of many aquatic plants. 2. A musical pipe ; reeds
being anciently xised for instruments of music. 3. A little
tube through which a hautboy, bassoon or clarinet is
blown. 4. An arrow, as made of a reed headed. f»
Thatch. West of England.
* See Synopsis. A,E , I, O, U, I? long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
REE
681
REF
REED'ED, a. 1. Covered with reeds. Tusser. 2. Formed
with channels and ridges like reeds.
REiJD EiV, (ree'dn) a. Consisting of a reed or reeds. Dryden.
i^JIE C'G E,.S.t5S,_?!. A plant, bur-reed, of the genus s;?aro-anm»«.
HE-ED-I-F1-€a'TION, 71. [from re-edify.] Act or operation
of rebuilding; state of being rebuilt. D'Anville, Trans.
RE-ED'I-FrED,i?2). Rebuilt.
IIE-ED'I-FY, V. t.. [Fr. reMifier.] To rebuild ; to build
again after destruction. Milton.
RE-ED'I-PY-ING,;7^r. Rebuilding.
REED'LESS, a. Destitute of reeds. May.
REED'MACE, n. A plant of the genus typha. Lee.
KEED'Y, a. Abounding with reeds. Thomson.
EEEF, ?i. [D. reef; Dan. riv, or rift ; Sw. ref.] A certain
portion of a sail, between the top or bottom and a row of
eyelet holes, which is folded or rolled up to contract the
sail, when the violence of the wind renders it necessary.
REEF, n. [G. riff; D. rif] A chain or range of rocks lying
at or near the surface of the water. Mar. Diet.
liEEF, 5K A cutaneous eruption ; a rash. Grose.
REEF, V. t. To contract or reduce the extent of a sail by
rolling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast
to the yard.
R-EEF'BAND, n. A piece of canvas sewed across a sail, to
strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes are formed.
REEFED (reeft) pp. Having a portion of the top oi tottom
folded and made fast to the yard.
REEFING, ppr. Folding and making fast to the yard, as a
portion of a sail.
REEF'-LlNE, n. A small rope formerly used to reef the
courses by being passed through the holes of the reef spirally.
REEF'Y, a. Scabby. Grose.
REEF'-TAC-KLE, n. A tackle upon deck, communicating
with its pendant, and passing through a block at the top-
mast-head- and through a hole in the top-sail-yard-arm, is
attached to a cringle below the lowest reef.
REEK, n. [Sax. rec] 1. Vapor ; steam. 2. A rick.
REEK, V, i. [Sax. recan, reocan ; D. rooken.l To steam ; to
exhale ; to emit vapor. Milton.
REEK^'TNG, ppr. Steaming; emitting vapor.
REEK'Y, a. Smoky ; soiled with smoke or steam ; foul.
REEL, n. [Sax. hreol, reol.] 1. A frame or machine turn-
ing on an axis, and on which yara is extended for winding,
either into skains, or from skains on to spools and quills.
2. A kind of dance.
REEL, V. t. To gather yam from the spindle. Wilkins.
REEL, V. i. [Sw. ragla.l To stagger ; to incline or move in
walking, first to one side and then to the other ; to vacillate.
RE-E-LECT', V. t. [re and elect.] To elect again.
RE-E-LE€T'ED, pp. Elected again ; rechosen.
RE-E-LE€T'ING, jjpr. Electing again.
RE-E-LEC TION, n. Election a second time, or repeated
election. Swift.
RE-EL- I-GI-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being re-elected
to the same office.
RE-EL^-GI-BLE, a. [re and eligible.] Capable of being
elected again to the same office.
RE-EM-BaRK', v. t. [re and embark.] To embark or put
on board again.
RE-EM-BaRK', v. i. To embark or go on board again.
RE-EM-BAR-Ka'TION, n. A putting on board or a going
on board again.
RE-EM-BAT'TLE, v. t. [re and embattle.] To array again
for battle ; to arrange again in the order of battle.
RE-EM-BAT'TLED, pp. Arrayed again for battle.
RE-EM BAT'TLING, ppr. Arranging again in battle array.
RE-EM-BOD' Y, v. t. [re and embody.] To embody again.
RE-EN- ACT', V. t. [re and enact.] "To enact again.
RE-EN-ACT'ED, pp. Enacted again.
RE-EN-ACT'ING, ppr. Enacting anew ; passing again into
a law.
RE-EN- ACTION, «. The passing into a law again.
RE~EN-ACT'MENT, n. The enacting or passing of a law
a secondjime ; the renewal of a law. Key.
RE-EN-FoRCE', v. t. [re and enforce.] To strengthen with
new force, assistance or support.
RE-EN-FOR'CED, (re-en-forsf) pp. Strengthened by addi-
tional force, troops or ships.
RE-EN-FoRCE'MENT, m, L The act of re-enforcing. 2.
Additional force; fresh assistance; particularly, a.Mi-
tional troops or force to augment the strength of an army
or of ships. 3. Any augmentation of strength or force by
somethirig added.
RE-EN-FoR'CING, ppr. Strengthening by additional force.
RE-EN-G aGE', v. t. To engage a second time.
RE-EN-GaGE , V. i. To engage again ; to inlist a second
time ; to covenant again. Mitford.
RE-EN-JOY', V. t. [re and enjoy.] To enjoy anew, or a
second time. Pope.
RE-EN-JOY'ED, (re-en-joyd') pp. Enjoyed again.
RE-EN-JOY'ING, ppr. Enjoying anew.
RE-EN- JOY'MENT, n. A second or repeated enjoyment.
RE-EN-KIN'DLE, v. t. [re and enkindle.] To enkindle
again ; to rekindle. Taylor.
RE-EN-KIN'DLED, pp. Enkindled agartr
RE-EN-KIN'DLING, ppr. Enkindling anew.
RE-EN-LIST', t). t. To enlist a second time. SeeRB-iNLisr
RE-EN'TER, v. t. [re and enter.] To enter again or anew
RE-EN'TER, v. i. To enter anew.
RE-EN'TERED, pp Entered again.
RE-EN 'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Entering anew. 2. Entering hi
return.
RE-EN-THRoNE', v. t. [re and enthrone.] To enthrone
again ; to replace on a throne. Southern.
RE-EN-THRoN'ED, (re-en-thrond') pp. Raised again to a
throne.
RE-EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Replacing on a throne.
RE-EN'TRANCE, n. [re and entrance.] The act of enter-
ing again. Hooker.
REER'SlOUSE, 71. [Sax. hreremns.] A rear-mouse ; a bat
RE-E-STAB'LISH, v. t. [re and establish.] To establish
anew ; to fix or confirm again.
RE-E-STAB'LISHED, pp. Established or confirmed again
RE-E-STAB'LISH-ER, n. One who establishes again.
RE-E-STAB'LISH-ING, ppr. Establishing anew ; confirm-
ing again.
RE-E-STAB'LTSH-MENT, n. The act of establishing again ;
the state of being re-established ; renewed confirmation ;
restoration.
t RE-E-STaTE', v. t. [re and estate.] To re-establish.
t REEVE, n [Sax. gerefa ; G. graf.] A steward. Dryden.
REEVE, n. A bird, the female of the rufi".
REEVE, V. t. In seamen's language, to pass the end of a
rope through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ring-bolt,
cringle, &c.
REEVE, V. t. To talk inconsistently. Craven dialect.
RE-EX-AM-I-Na'TION, n. A renewed or repeated exam-
ination.
RE-EX-AM'iNE, v. t. [re and examine.] To examine anew.
RE-EX-AM'iNED, pp. Examined again.
RE-EX-AM'IN-ING,ppr. Examining anew.
RE-EX-CHaNGE', 71. [re and exchang"] i. A renewed
exchange. — 2. In comrnerce, the exchange chargeable on
the redraft of a bill of exchange.
RE-EX-PoRT', V. t. [re and export.] To export again ; tc
export what has been imported.
RE-EX'PoRT, n. Any commodity re-exported.
RE-EX-POR-Ta'TION, 71. The act of exporting what has
been imported.
RE-EX-PoRT'ED, pp. Exported after being imported,
RE-EX-PoRT'ING, ppr. Exporting what has been im-
ported.
t RE-FECT'. V. t. [L. refectus, reficio.] To refresh ; to re-
store after hunger or fatigue. Brown.
RE-FEC'TION, 71. [Fr. ; h.refectio.] J. Refreshment after
hunger or fatigue. 2. A spare meal or repast.
RE-FECT'IVE, a. Refreshing ; restoring.
RE-FECT'IVE, n. That which refreshes.
* RE-FE€T'0-RY, n. [Fr. refectoire.] A room o^ refresh-
ment ; properly, a hall or apartment in convents and
monasteries, where a moderate repast is taken.
RE-FEL', V. t. [L. refello.] To refute; to disprove ; to re-
press. [Little iised.] Shak.
RE-FER', V. t. [L. refero ; Fr. referrer.] 1. To direct,
leave or deliver over to another person or tribunal for in-
formation or decision. 2. To reduce, as to the ultimate
end. 3. To reduce ; to assign ; as to an order, genus or
class.
RE-FER', v.r. 1. To respect ; to have relation. 2, To ap-
peal ; to have recourse ; to apply. 3. To allude ; to have
respect to by intimation without naming.
REF'ER-A-BLE, a. J. That may be referred ; capable ol
being considered in relation to something else. 2. That
may be assigned ; that may be considered as belonging to
or related to.
REF-ER-EE', n. One to whom a thing is referred ; partic-
ularly, a person appointed by a court to hear, examine
and decide a cause between parties, pending before the
court, and make report to the court. — In JVew England,
a referee differs from an arbitrator, in being appointed by
the court to decide in a cause which is depending before
that court. An arbitrator is chosen by parties to decide a
cause between theta.
REF'ER-ENCE, n. 1. A sending, dismission or direction to
another for information. 2. Relation ; respect ; view to-
wards. 3. Allusion to. — 4. In Zaw, the process of assign-
ing a cause depending in court, for a hearing and decision,
to persons appointed by the court.
REF-ER-END'A-RY, n. I. One to whose decision a cause
is referred ; [obs.] 2. An officer who delivered the royal
answer to petitions.
t RE-FER'MENT, 71. Reference for decision. Laud.
RE-FER-MENT',iJ.t. [re and ferment.] To ferment again.
RE-FER'RED, (re-ferd') pp. Dismissed or directed to an-
other ; assigned, as to a class, order or cause ; assigned
by a court to persons appointed to decide.
RE-FER'RI-BLE, a. That may be referred ; referable.
RE-FER'RING, ppr. Dismissing or directing to another for
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
REF
682
KEF
information ; alluding ; assigning, as to a class, order,
cause, &c. ; or assigning to private persons for decision.
tiE-FlNDi, V. t. [re and find.] To find again; to experi-
ence anew. Sandys.
RE-FlNE', V. t. [Fr. rajjiner ; It. raffinare ; Sp., Port, refi-
nar.] 1. To purify, in a general sense ; applied to liquors,
to depurate ; to defecate ; to clarify ; to separate, as liquor,
from all extraneous matter. — 9. Applied to metals, to sep-
arate the metallic substance from all other matter. 3. To
purify, as manners, from what is gross, clownish or vul-
gar ; to polish ; to make elegant. 4. To purify, as lan-
guage, by removing vulgar words and barbarisms. 5. To
purify, as taste ; to give a^ice and delicate perception of
beauty and propriety in literature and the arts. 6. To
purify, as the mind or moral principles.
RE-FlNE', V. i. 1. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or in
any thing that constitutes excellence. 2. To become
pure ; to be cleared of feculent matter. 3. To affect nicety.
RE-FiX'ED, (re-find') pp. Purified ; separated from extra-
neous matter ; assayed, as metals; clarified, as liquors;
polished ; separated from what is coarse, rude or im-
proper.
RE-FiN'ED-LY, adv. With affected nicety or elegance.
RE-FiN'ED-NESS, n. State of being refined ; purity ; re-
finement ; also, affected purity.
RE-FINE'MENT, ?i. 1. The act of purifying by separating
from a substance all extraneous matter ; acleEhing from
dross, dregs or recrement. 2. The state of being pure. 3.
Polish of language ; elegance; purity. 4. Polish of man-
ners ; elegance ; nice observance of the civilities of social
intercourse and of graceful decorum. 5. Purity of taste ;
nice perception of beauty and propriety in literature and
the arts. 6. Purity of mind and morals ; nice perception
and observance of rectitude in moral principles and prac-
tice. 7. Purity of heart ; the state of the Iieart purified
from sensual and evil affections. 8. Artificial practice ;
subtilty. 9. Affectation of nicety, or of elegant improve-
ment.
RE-FlN'ER, 71 X. One that refines metals or other things.
2. An improver in purity and elegance. 3. An inventor
of superfluous subtilties ; one who is over nice in discrim-
inatjon, in argument, reasoning, philosophy, &c.
RE-FlN'ER-Y, 7i. The place and apparatus for refining
metals.
RE-FlN'ING, ppr. Purifying ; separating from alloy or any
extraneous matter ; polishing ; improving in accuracy,
delicacy or purity.
RE-FIT', V. t. [re anA fit.] To fit or prepare again ; to re-
pair ; to restore after damage or decay.
RE-FIT'TED, pp. Prepared again ; repaired.
RE-FIT'TING, ppr. Repairing after damage or decay.
RE-FLE€T', 7). t. [1,. rcflecto ; Fi: reflechir; It riflettere.]
To throw back ; to return.
RE-FLE€T', v. i. 1. To tjircw back light; to return rays
or beams. 2. To bend back. 3. To throw or turn back
the thoughts upon the past operations of the mind or upon
past events. 4. To consider attentively ; to revolve in
the mind; to contemplate. 5. To bring reproach.— To
reflect on, to cast censure or reproach. Sicift.
RE-FLE€T'ED, pp. Thrown back ; returned.
RE-FLE€T'ENT, a. Bending or flying back. Diffby.
RE-FLEeT'J-BLE, a. That may be reflected or thrown
back. Gregory.
RE-FLE€T'I.\G, ppr. 1. Throwing back. 2. Turning
back, as thoughts upon themselves or upon past events. —
3. Refiectinrr on, casting censure or reproach.
RE-FLEGT'ING-LY, adc. With reflection ; with censure.
RE-FLE€'TION, 7i. [from reflect.] 1. The act of throwing
back. 2. The act of bending back. 3. That wliich is
reflected. 4. The operation of the mind by which it turns
its views back upon itself and its operations. 5. "J'hought
thrown back on itself, on the past or on the absent. 6.
The expression of thought. 7. Attentive consideration ;
meditation ; contemplation. 8. Censure ; reproach cast.
RE-FLEGT'IVE, a. 1. Throwing back images. 2. Con-
sidering the operations of the mind or things past. Prio<'.
RE-FLEfeT'OR, n. 1. One who reflects or considers. Boyl'..
9. That which reflects.
PvK'FLEX, a. ['L.reflexus.] 1. Directed back. 2. Designa-
ting the parts of a painting illuminated by light reflected
from another part of the same picture. — 3. In botany, bent
back ; reflected.
tKE-FIiEX',?(. Reflection. Hooker.
RE-FLEX', V. t. 1. To reflect. Shak. 2. To bend back ;
to turn back ; [little used. ] Gregory.
RE-FLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Thequality of being reflexibleor
capable of beins reflected. J^ewton.
RE-FLEX'I-BLE, a. Capable of being reflected or thrown
back. Cheyne.
RE-FLEX'ION. See Reflection.
RE-FLEX'I-TY, n. Capacity of being reflected.
ItE-FLEX'IVE, a. Having respect to something past.
RE-FLEX'IVE-LY, adv. In a direction backward. Gov. of
the Tongue.
Re'FLoAT, n. [re and float.] Reflux ; ebb ; a flowing
back. [Little used.] Bacon.
RE-FLO-RES'CENC£, n. [re and florescence.] A blossom-
ing anew.
RE-FL6UR'ISH, (re-fiur'ish) v. i. [re and flourish.] To
flourish anew. Milton.
RE-FLOUR'ISH-ING, p;jr. Flourishing again.
RE-FLoW, V. i. [re and flow.] To flow back ; to ebb.
RE-FLoW'ING, ppr. Flowing back ; ebbing. Varwin
RE-FLU€T-U-A'TIUN, n. A flowing back.
R PF'T TT-FMPF )
REF'LU-EN-CY ( "* ^ flowing back. Mountagu.
REF'LU-ENT, a. [L. refluens.] 1. Flowing back ; ebbing
2. Flowing back ; returning.
RE'FLUX, n. [Fr. ; L. refluxus.] A flowing back ; the
returning of a fluid. £ro7cm.
RE-Fo'CIL-LATE, v. t. [It. refocillare ; Sp. refocilar ,• L
refocillo.] To refresh ; to revive ; to give new vigor to.
[Little used.]
RE-FO-CIL-La'TION, n. The act of refreshing or giving
new vigor; restoration of strength by refreshment. [L. u.]
RE-FO-MENT', t;. t. [re and foment.] 1. To foment anew;
to warm or cherish again. 2. To excite anew.
RE-FO-MENT'ED, pp. Fomented or incited anew.
RE-FO-MENT'ING, ppr. Fomenting anew ; exciting again.
RE-FORM', V. t. [Fr. reformer ; L. reformo.] 1. To change
from worse to better ; to amend ; to correct ; to restore to
a former good state, or to bring from a bad to a good state
2. To change from bad to good ; to remove that which is
bad or corrupt.
RE-FORM', v.i. To abandon that which is evil or corrupt^
and return to a good state ; to be amended or corrected.
Re'-FORM, v.t. [re and/or7?t.] To form again; to create
or shape anew.
RE-FORM', n. Reformation ; amendment of what is defect-
ive, vicious, corrupt or depraved.
REF-OR-Ma'DO, n. [Sp.] 1. A monk adhering to the ref-
ormation of his order. Weever. 2. An ofiicer retained iji
his regiment when his company is disbanded.
fP-E-FORM'AL-lZE, vA. To affect reformation; to pre-
tend to correctness. Lee,
REF-0R-Ma'TI0N,7!. 1. The act of reforming; correction
or amendment of life, manners, or of any thing vicious or
Corrupt. Dryden. — 2. By way of eminence, the change of
religion from the corruptions of popery to its primitive pu-
rity, begun by Luther, A. D. ]517.
Re-FOR-Ma'TION, Ti. The act of forming anew ; a second
forming in order. Mitford.
RE-FORM' A-TO-RY, a. Producing reformation.
RE-FORjM'ED, (re-formd') pp. Restored to a good state.
Re'-FORMED, pp. Formed anew.
RE-FOR]\PER, n. 1. One who effects a reformation ot
amendment. 2. One of those who commenced the refor-
mation of religion.
RE-FORM'ING, ppr. Correcting what is wrong; amend-
ing ; restoring to a good state.
Re'-FORM-IXG, ppr. Forming anew.
RE-FORM'IST, 71. 1. One who is of the reformed religion.
2. One who proposes or favors a reform.
RE-FOR-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. A fortifying a second time.
RE-FOR'TLFy, v. t. [re and fortify.] To fortify anew.
RE-FOS'SION, 71. The act of digging up. Bp. Hall.
RE-FOUND', V. t. [re and foxind.] To found or cast anew.
RE-FRACT', V. t. [L. refractus.} To break the natural
course of the rays of light ; to cause to deviate from a di-
rect course.
RE-FRA€-Ta'RI-AS, n. A mineral.
RE-FRA€T'ED, pp. 1. Turned from a direct course, as
rays of light. — 2. a. In botany, bent back at an acute
angle.
RE-FRA€T'ING, ppr. 1. Turning from a direct course. 2.
a. That turns rays from a direct course.
RE-FRA€'TIOXT, n. The deviation of a moving body,
chiefly rays of light, from a direct course.
RE-FRACT'I VE, a. That refracts or has power to refract or
turn from a direct course.
RE-FRA€T'0-RI-XESS, n. [from refractory.] Perverse ov
sullen obstinacv in opposition or" disobedience.
RE-FRA€T'0-RY, a. [Fr. rcfractaire ; 1,. refractarius.] 1.
Sullen or perverse in opposition or disobedience ; obstin-
ate in non-compliance. 2. Unmanageable ; obstinately
unyielding. — 3. Applied to metals, difficult of fusion ; nc*
easily yielding to the force of heat.
RE-FRA€T'0-RY, n. LA person obstinate in opposition
or disobedience. 2. Obstinate opposition ; [obs.]
*RE-FRa'GA-BLE, or REF'RA-GA-BLE, a. [L. refra-
gor.] That may be refuted, that is, broken.
RE-FRaIN', v. t. [Fr. rcfrener ; It. rinfrenare ; L. re/r<E7io.]
To hojd back ; to restrain ; to keep from action.
RE-FRaIN', v. i. To forbear ; to abstain ; to keep one's
self from action or interference.
RE-FRAIN', 71. [Fr. refrein.] The burden of a song ; a
kind of musical repetition. Mason.
RE-FRa1N'ED, (re-fraini') pp. Held oack ; restrained.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHi^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
REF
G83
RE(i
RE-FRAlN'ING,ppr. Holding back; forbearing.
RE-FRaAIE', v.t. [re and frame.] To frame again.
RE-FRA^-Oi-BIL'1-TY, /;. The disposition of rays of light
to be refracted or turned out of a direcc course, in passing
out of one transparent body or medium into another.
RE-FRAN'GI-BLE, a. [1.. re and frango.] Capable of being
refracted or turned out of a direct course in passing from
one medium to another : as rays of light.
REF-RE-Na'TION, 11. The act of restraining.
RE-FRESH', v.t. [Fr. rafraichir ; It. rinfrescare ; Sp.,
Port, refrescar.] 1. To cool ; to allay heat. 2. To give
new strength to ; to invigorate ; to relieve after fatigue.
3. To revive ; to reanimate after depression ; to cheer ; to
enliven. 4. To improve by new touches anything im-
paired. 5. To revive what is drooping.
t RE-FRESH', n. Act of refreshing. Daniel.
RE-FRESH'ED, (re-freshf) pp. Cooled ; invigorated ; re-
vived ; clreered.
RE-FRESH'ER, n. He or that which refreshes, revives or
invigorates. Thomson.
RE-FRESH'ING, ppr. or a. Cooling ; invigorating ; reviv-
ing ; reanimating.
RE-FRESH'ING, n. Refreshment ; relief after fatigue or
suffering. Mortimer.
RE-FRESH'MENT, n. 1. Act of refreshing .; or new strengtli
or vigor received after fatigue ; relief after sufferinf 2.
New life or animation after depression. 3. That v^iiich
gives fresh strength or vigor, as food or rest.
RE-FRET', n. The burden of a song. Diet.
RE-FRIG'ER-ANT, a. Cooling ; allaying heat.
RE-FRIG'ER-ANT, n. Among physicians, amedicme which
abates heat and refreshes the patient.
RE-FRI6'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. refrigero.'] To cool ; to allay
the heat of; to refresh. Bacon.
RE-FRIG'ER-A-TED. pp. Cooled.
RE-FRIG ER-A-TING, ppr. Allaying heat ; cooling.
RE-FRIG-ER-A'TION, ?i. The act of cooling; the abate-
ment of heat ; state of being cooled. Bacon.
RE-FRIG'ER-A-TlVE, a. Cooling.
B,E-FRlG'ER-A-TiVE, n. A remedy that allays heat.
RE-FRIG'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Cooling ; mitigating heat.
RE-FRIG»ER-A-T0-RY, n. 1. In distillation, a vessel filled
with cold water, through which the worm passes ; by
which means the vapors are condensed as they pass
through the worm. 2. Any thing internally cooling.
t REF-RI-GE'RI-UM, n. [j..] Cooling refreshment ; refrig-
eration. South.
fREFT, pp. of reave. 1. Deprived ; bereft. Shak. 2. pret.
■ of reave. Taken away. Spenser.
REFT, n. A cnink. See Rift.
REF'UGE, n. [Fr. ; L. refugium, rcfugio.] 1. Shelter or
protection from danger or distress. 2. That which shel-
ters or protects from danger, distress or calamity ; a strong
hold ; any place inaccessible to an enemy. 3. An expe-
dient to secure protection or defense. 4. Expedient, in
general.
REF'UGE, V. t. To shelter; to protect.
t REF UGE, V. i. To take refuge. Sir J. Finett.
REF-U-GEE', n. [Fr. refiigie.] 1. One who flies to a
shelter or place of safety. Drijden. 2. One who, in times
of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign
country for safety.
RE-FUL'GENCE, ) n. [L. refaltrens.] A flood of light ;
RE-FTJL'GEN-CY, \ splendor.
RE-FUL'GENT, a. Casting a bright light ; shining ; splen-
did.
SE-FUL'6ENT-LY, adv. With a flood of light ; with great
brightness.
RE-FUND', V. t. [L. refundo.] 1. To pour back. 2. To
repay ; to return in payment or compensation for what
has been taken ; to restore.
JRE-FUND'ED, ;)p. Poured back ; repaid.
RE-FUND'ER, ?j. One who repays what is received.
RE-FUND'ING, ppr. Pouring back ; returning by payment
or compensation.
RE-Fu'SA-BLE, a. That mav be refused.
RE-Fu'SAL, n. 1. The act of refusing; denial of anything
uemanded, solicited or offered for acceptance. 2. The
light of taking in preference to others ; the choice of tak-
ing or refusing ; option ; pre-emption.
RE-FUSE', V. t. [Fr. refuser; Port, refusar.] 1. To
deny a request, demand, invitation or command ; to de-
cline to do or grant what is solicited, claimed or command-
ed. 2. Todfcline to accept what is ofi'ered. 3. To re-
ject ._
RE-FuSE', V. i. To decline to accept ; not to comply.
* REF'USE, a. [Fr. refits.] Literally, refused ; rejected ;
hence, worthless ; of no value ; left as unworthy of recep-
tion.
* REF'USE, n. That which is refused or rejected as useless ;
waste matter. Addison.
tRE-FtJSE', 71. Refusal. Fairfax.
RE-FtJS'ED, (re-fuzd') pp. Denied ; rejected ; not ac-
cepted.
RE-FUS'ER, n. One that refuses or rejects. Taylor
RE-FuSTNG, ppr. Denying declining to accept; reject-
ing.
RE-FD'TA-BLE, a. That may be refuted or dispnved ,
that may be proved false or erroneous.
fRE-Fu'TAL, 7?. Refutation.
REF-U-Ta'TION, 71. [L. refutatio.] The act or process of
refuting or disproving ; the act of provijig to be false or er-
roneous.
RE-FuTE', v. t. [Fr. refuter ; L. refute.] To disprove and
overthrow by argument, evidence or countervailing proof ;
to prove to be false or erroneous ; to confute.
RE-FuT'ED, pp. Disproved ; proved to be false or errone
ous.
RE-FuT'ER, n. One that refutes.
RE-FuT'ING, ppr. Proving to be false or enoneous ; con
futing.
RE-GaIN', v. t. \re and gain ; Fr. regagner.] To gain
anew ; to recover what has escaped or been lost.
RE-GaIN'ED, (re-giind') pp. Recovered ; gained anew.
RE-GaIN'ING, ppr. Gaining anew ; recovering.
Re'GAL, a. \Yx. -,1^. regaliSi] Pertaining to a king ; king-
ly ; royal ; as, a regal title.
Re'GAL, n. [Fr. regale.] A musical instrument. Bacon.
RE-GaLE', n. [Fr. regale.] The prerogative of monar-
chy.
RE-GaLE', n. A magnificent entertainnient or treat given
to embassadors and other persons of distinction.
RE-GALE', V. t. [Fr. regaler ,■ Sp. regalar.] To refresh ;
to entertain with something that delights ; to gratify, as
the senses.
RE-GaLE', v. i. To feast ; to fare sumptuously. Shciistone.
RE-GaL'ED, (re-gald') pp. Refreshed ; entertained ; grati-
fied.
RE-GaLE'MENT, 71. Refreshment ; entertainment ; grati=-
ficatjon.
RE-Ga'LI-A, n. [L.] 1. Ensigns of royalty ; the appara-
tus of a coronation ; the crown, sceptre, &c. — 2. In law,
the rights and prerogatives of a king.
RE-GaL'ING, ppr. Refreshing ; entertaining ; gratifying.
RE-GAL'I-TY, n. [from L. regalis ; It. realtd ; Fr. royaute.]
Royalty ; sovereignty ; kingship. Bucon.
Re'GAL-LY, adv. In a royal manner. Milton.
RE-GaRD', t). f. [Fx.regarder^H.riguj.'-dare.] 1. To look
towards; to point or be directed. 2. To observe; to no-
tice with some particularity. 3. To attend to with re-
spect and estimation ; to value. 4. To attend to as a
thing that aflects our interest or happiness ; to fix the
mind on as a matter of importance. 5. To esteem ; to
hold in respect and afiection. 6. To keep; to observe
with religious or solemn attention. 7. To attend to as
sometJiing to influence our conduct. 8. To consider seri-
ously ; to lay to heart. 9. To notice with pity or concern.
10. To notice favorably or with acceptance ; to hear and
answer. II. To love and esteem ; to practice. 12. To
respect ; to have relation to. — To regard the pe son, to
value for outward honor, wealth or power. Matt. xxii.
RE-GARD', 7?. [Fr. regard ; It. riguardo.] 1. Look ; as-
pect directed to another ; [I. u.] 2. Attention of the
mind; respect in relation to something. 3. Respect ; es-
teem ; reverence; that view of the mind which springs
from value, estimable qualities, or any thing that excites
admiration. 4. Respect; account. 5. Relation; refer
ence. 6. Note ; eminence ; account. 7 Matter demand
ing notice. 8. Prospect ; object of sight ; [obs.] — 9. In tl't;
forest laws, view ; inspection.
RE-GARD'A-BLE, a. Observable ; Avorthy of notice.
RE-GARD' ANT, a. 1. In la^r, a villain regardant is one an-
nexed to the manor or land. — 2. In heraldry, looking be-
hind, as a lion or other beast.
RE-GARD'ED, pp. Noticed ; observed ; esteemed ; re-
SDCCtcd.
RE-GARD'ER, n. 1. One that regards.— 2. In law, the re
garder of the forest is an ofiicer whose business is to view
the forest, inspect the oflUcers, and inquire of all offenses
and defaults.
RE-GARD'FUL, a. Taking notice ; heedful ; observing
with care ; attentive. Soiith.
RE-GARD'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Attentively; heedfully. 2.
Respectfully. Shak.
RE-GARD'ING, ppr. 1. Noticing; considering with cnre;
attending to ; observing ; esteeming ; caring for. 2. Re-
specting ; concerning; relating to.
RE-GARD'LESS, a. 1. Not looking or attending to ; heed-
less ; negligent; careless. 2. Not regai-ded ; slighted.
RE-GARD'LESS-LY, adv. Heedlessly; carelessly; negli-
gently.
RE-GARD'LESS-NESS,7i. Heedlessness ; inattention ; neg-
lisence. Whttlnck.
RE-Ga'TA, or RE-GAT'TA, n. [It. regatta.] In Fenice, :i
grand rowing match with boats.
RE-GATH'ER, v. t. To gather or collect a second time
RE-GATH'ERED, pp. Collected again.
RE-GATH'ER-ING, ppr. Gathering a second time.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 5— BfJLL, GNITE.— € as K : 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, f Obsolete
REG
684
REG
REG'EL, or RECtTL, n. A fixed star of the first magnitude
in Orion's left foot.
RK'fiEN-CY, 71. [L. regens.] 1. Rule; authority, gov-
erQiiient. 2. Vicarious government. 3. The district un-
der the jurisdiction of a vicegerent. 4, The body of men
intrusted witli vicarious government.
RE-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. The state of being regenerated.
RE-fiEiX'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. regcnero.] 1. To generate or
produce anew ; to reproduce.— 2. In theology, to renew
the heart by a change of affections ; to implant holy afiec-
tions in the heart. Scott.
RE-6EN'ER-ATE, a. [L, regencratus.] 1. Reproduced.
2. Born anew ; renovated in heart 3 changed from a natu-
ral to a spiritual state. Milton.
RE-GEN'ER-A-TED, pp. 1. Reproduced. 2. Renewed ;
born again.
RE-6EN'ER-ATE-NESS, n. The state of being regener-
ated.
PE-eEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. 1. Reproducing. 2. Renovat-
ing the nature by the implantation of holy affections in
the heart.
RE-6Ei\-ER-A'TI0N, n. 1 Reproduction ; the act of pro-
ducing anew. — 2. In theology, new birth by the grace of
God.
RE-GEX'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Renewing ; having the power
to renew ; tending to reproduce or renovate. Faber.
R&dEKT, a. [h. regens.] 1. Ruling j governing. 2. Ex-
ercising vicanous authority. Milton.
ReGEKT, «. 1. A governor; a ruler. 2. One invested
with vicarious authority ; one who governs a kingdom in
the minority, absence or disability of the king. — 3. In coZ-
Ze^ea-, a teacher of arts and sciences. — 4. In English uni-
7iersiiies, a master of arts under five years standing, and a
doctor under two. — 5. In the state uf M'eio York, the mem-
ber of a corporate body which is invested with the super-
intendence of all the colleges, academies and schools in
the state.
RE'GENT-ESS, n. A protectress of a kingdom. Cotgrave.
Re GENT-SHIP, ?i. 1. The power of governing, or ''the of-
fice of a regent. 2. Deputed authority.
RE-GERM'I-NATE, v. i. [re and germinate.'] To germinate
again. Lee.
RE-6ERM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Germinating anew.
RE-6ERM-I-Na'TI0N, n. A sprouting or germination
anew.
t RE-GEST', n. A register. Milton.
t REG'I-BLE, a. Governable, Diet.
REG'I-ClDE, 5?. [It,, Sp, regidda ; Fr, regicide.] 1. A
king-killer ; one who murders a king. 2. The murder of
a king.
REG'1-MEN, n. [L.] 1. In medicine, the regulation of diet
with a view to the preservation or restoration of health.
2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to pro-
duce beneficial effects by gradual operation. — 3, In gram-
mar, government ; that part of syntax or construction,
which regulates the dependency of words ; the words
governed. 4. Orderly government ; system of order.
REG'I-MENT, 71. [L. regimen.] 1. In military affairs, a
body of men consisting of a number of companies com-
manded by a colonel. 2. Government ; mode of ruling ;
rule ; authority ; \_ol)s.] Hooker.
REG'I-MENT, v. t. To form into a regiment or into regi-
ments with proper officers, Sw.ollet.
REG-I-MENT'AL, a. Belonging to a regiment.
REG-I-MENT'ALS, n. plu. The uniform worn by the
troops of a regiment.
REG'I-MENT-ED, pp. Formed into a regiment; incorpo-
rated with a regiment. JVashington.
Re'GION, (re'jun) n. [Fr., Sp. region : It. rcsione ; L. re-
gie.] 1. A tract of land or space of indefinite extent,
usually a tract of considerable extent. 2. The inhabitants
of a region or district of country. Matt. iii. 3. A part of
the body. 4. Place ; rank. Shak.
UEG'IS-TER, 71. [Fr. re.gistre, regitre; Low L. reg-is-
trum.] 1. A written account or entiy of acts, judgments
or proceedings, for preserving and conveying to future
times an exact knowledge of transactions. The word ap-
propriately denotes an official account of the proceedings
of a ])ublic body, a prince, a legislature, a court, an incor-
porated company and the like, and in this use it is synony-
mous with record. 2. The book in which a register or
record is kept, as a parish register. 3. [Low L. registra-
rius.] The officer or person whose business is to write or
enter in a book accounts of transactions. — 4. In chemistry
and the arts, an aperture with a lid, stopper or sliding
plDte, in a furnace, stove, &c. for regulating the admis-
sion of air and the heat of the fire. 5. The inner part
of the mold in which types are cast.— 6. In printing, the
correspondence of columns on the opposite sides of the
sheet. 7. A sliding piece of wood, used as a stop in an
organ.
REG'IS-TER, v. t. 1. To record ; to write in a book for
preserving an exact account of facts and proceedings. 2.
to enroll ; to enter in a list.
REGTS-TER-SHIP, n. The ofiice of register.
REG'IS-TRAR, )n. An officer in the English universi'
REG'IS-TRA-RY, \ ties, who has the keeping of all the
public records.
REG-IS-TRa'TION, n. The act of insertmg in a register.
REG'IS-TRY, n. 1. The act of recording or writing in a
register. 2. The place where a register is kept. 3. A
series of facts recorded.
fREGLE-MENT, n. [Fr.] Regulation. Bacon.
REG'LET, n. [Fr.] A ledge of wood exactly planed, used
by printers to separate lines and make the work more
open.
REG'NANT, a. [Fr,] 1. Reigning; exercismg regal au-
thority ; as, a queen regnant. 2. Ruling ; predominant ;
prevalent ; having the chief power. Swift.
RE-GORGE', (re-gorJO v. t. [Fr. regorger.] 1. To vomit
up ; to eject from the stomach ; to throw back or out
again. 2. To swallow again. 3. To swallow eagerly.
t RE-GRaDE', v. i. [L. regredior.lTo retire ; to go back
RE-GRAFT', v. t. [re and a-raft.] To graft again.
RE-GRAFT'ED, pp. Grafted agam.
RE-GRAFT'ING, ppr. Grafting anew.
RE-GRANT', v. t. [re and grant.] To grant back. Jiyliffe.
RE-GRANT', n. The act of granting back to a former pro-
prietor.
RE-GRANT'ED, pp. Granted back.
RE-GRANT'ING, ppr. Granting back.
RE-GRaTE', v. t. [Fr. regratter.] 1. To offend ; to shock ;
[7. u.] 2. To buy provisions and sell them again in the
same market or fair; a practice which, by raising the
price, is a public offense and punishable. Regrating dif-
fers from engrossing and monopolizing, which signify the
buying the whole of certain articles, or large quantities,
and ivom forestalling , vsrhich signifies the purchase of pro-
visions on the way, before they reach the market.
RE-GRaT'ER, 77. One who buys provisions and sells thetn
in thesame market or fair
RE-GRaT'ING, ppr. Purchasing provisions and selling
them in the same market.
RE-GREET', v. t. [re and greet.] To greet again ; to re-
salute.
RE-GREET', n. A return or exchange of salutation.
RE-GREET'ED,p;). Greeted again or in return.
RE GREET'ING, pp7\ Greeting again ; resalating.
RE'GRESS, n. [Fr. regres ; L. regressus.] 1. Passage
back ; return. 2. The power of returning or passing
back.
RE-GRESS', v. i. To go back; to return to a former place
or state. Brown.
RE-GRES'SION, n. The act of passing back or returning.
Brown.
RE-GRESS'IVE, a. Passing back ; returning.
RE-GRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a back\^ard way or manner ;
by return. Johnson.
RE-GRET', n. [Fr. regret.] 1. Grief; sorrow; pain of
mind. 2. Pain of conscience ; remorse. 3. Dislike ;
aversion ; [obs.]
RE-GRET', v.t. [Fr. regretter.] 1. To grieve at; to la-
ment; to be sorry for; to repent. 2. To be uneasy at j
[ohs.]
RE-GRET'FUL, a. Full of regret. Fanshaw.
RE-GRET'FUL-LY, adv. With regret. Greenhill.
RE-GRET'TED, pp. Lamented.
RE-GRET'TING, ppr. Lamenting; grieving at; repent-
ing.
f RE-GUERD'ON, (re-gerd'un) n. [re, and Fr. guerdon.] A
reward ; a recompense. Shak
t RE-^GUERD'ON, (re-gerd'un) v. t. To reward. Shak.
REG'U-LAR, a. [Sp. regular ; Fr. regulier : L. regularis.]
1. Conformed to a rule ; agreeable to an established rule,
law or principle, to a prescribed mode or to established
customary forms. 2. Governed by rule or rules ; steady
or uniform in a course or practice. — 3. In geometry, a reg-
ular figure is one whose sides and angles are equal, as a
square, a cube, or an equilateral triangle. 4. Instituted
or initiated according to established forms or discipline,
5. Methodical ; orderly. 6. Periodical. 7. Pursued with
uniformity or steadiness. 8. Belonging to a monastic
order. — Regular troops, troops of a permanent army ; op-
posed to militia.
REG'U-LAR, 7!. 1. In a monastery, one who has taken the
vows, and who is bound to follow the rules of the order.
2. A soldier belonging to a permanent army.
REG-U-LAR'I-TY, 71. 1. Agreeableness to a rule or to
established order. 2. Method ; certain order. 3. Con-
formity to ceitaui principles. 4. Steadiness or uniformi-
ty in a course.
REG'U-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a manner accordant to a
rule or established mode. 2. In uniform order ; at cer-
tain intervals or periods. 3. Methodically ; in due or-
der.
REG'U-LATE, v. t. 1. To adjust by rule, method or estab-
lished mode. 2. To put in good order. 3. To subject to
rules or restrictions.
S(e Syllepsis. A, E, T, 5, U, Y, Zots^.— FAR, FALL, WII^^T ,— PRgY ;— FtN, MARINE, BIRD ,-- t Obsolete.
REI
685
REI
HEG'U-LA-TED, pp. Adjusted by rule, method or forms ;
put in good order ; subjected to rules or restrictions.
REG'U-LA-TING, ppf. Adjusting by rule, method or
forms ; reducing to order ; subjecting to rules or restric-
tions.
REG-U-1aA'TI0N, 71. 1. The act of regulating or reducing to
order. 9. A rule or order prescribed by a superior for the
management of some business, or for the government of a
company or society.
REG'U-LA-TOR, n. 1. One who regulates. 2. The small
spring of a watch, which regulates its motions by retard-
ing or accelerating them. 3. Any part of a machine which
regulates its movements.
REG'U-LINE, a. Pertaining to regulus or pure metal.
REG'U-LiZE, V. t. To reduce to regulus or pure metal ; to
separate pure metal from extraneous matter.
REG'U-LUS, n. [L.; Fr. regule. For the nlural, some au-
thors write reguli, and others reguluses.j In chemistry,
the finer or pure part of a metallic substance, which, in
the melting of ores, falls to the bottom of the crucible.
RE-GUR6'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. regorger.] To throw or pour
back, as from a deep or hollow place ; to pour or throw
back in great quantity.
RE-GUR6'I-TATE, v. i. To be thrown or poured back.
Harvey.
RE-GUR6'I-TA-TED, pp. Thrown or poured back
RE-GURG'I-TA-TING, ppr. Throwing or pouring back.
RE-GURG-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of pouring back. 2.
The act of swallowing again; reabsorption.
RE-HA-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. rehabiliter.} To restore to
a former capacity ; to reinstate ; to qualify again ; to re-
store, as a delinquent to a former right, rank o* privilege
lost or forfeited.
EE-HA-BIL'I-TA-TED, pp. Restored to a former rank,
right, privilege or capacity ; reinstated.
RE-HA-BIL'I-TA-TING, ppr. Restoring to a former right,
rank, privilege or capacity ; reinstating.
RE-HA-BIL-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of reinstating in a for-
mer rank or capacity ; restoration to former rights.
RE-HeAR', v. «.; pret. and pp. reheard, [re and hear.] To
hear_again ; to try a second time.
RE-HeARD', [See * Heard.] jjp- Heard again.
RE-HeAR'ING, ppr. Hearing a second time.
RE-HeAR'ING, n. 1. A second hearing. Addison.— 2. In
law, a second hearing or trial,
RE-HEARS'AL, (re-hers'al) n. 1. Recital ; repetition of
. the words of another or of a written work. 2. Narra-
tion ; a telling or recounting, as of particulars in detail.
3. The recital of a piece before the public exhibition
of it.
RE-HEARSE', (re-hers') ^. i. 1. To recite; to repeat the
words of a passage or composition ; to repeat the words of
another. 2. To narrate or recount events or transactions.
3. To recite or repeat in private for experiment and im-
provement, before a public representation.
RE-HEARS'ED, (re-hersf) pp. Recited ; repeated, ai words ;
narrated.
RE-HE ARS'ER, (re-hers'er) n. One who recites or nar-
rates.
RE-HEARS'ING, (re-hers'ing) ppr. Reciting ; repeating
words ; recounting ; telling ; narrating.
ReI'GLE, (re'gl) n. [Fr. r^glc.] A hollow cut or channel
for guiding any thing. Carew. •
REIGN, (rane) v. i. [L. regno ; Fr. regner ; It. regnare ; Sp.
reijnar,] 1. To possess or exercise sovereign power or
authority : to rule ; to exercise government, as a king or
emperor ; or to hold the supreme power. 2. To be pre-
(tnminant ; to prevail. 3. To rule ; to have superior or
uncontrolled dominion. Rom. vi.
REIGN, (rane) n. [Fr. regne ; L. regnum.] 1. Royal au-
thority ; supreme power ; sovereignty. 2. The time dur-
ing which a king, queen or emperor possesses the supreme
authority. 3. Kingdom ; dominion. 4. Power; influence.
5. Prevalence.
REIGN'ER, (ra'ner) n. Ruler. Sherwood.
REIGN'ING, (ra'ning) ppr. 1. Holding or exercising su-
preme power ; ruling ; governing, as king, queen or em-
peror. 2. a. Predominating; prevailing.
RE-IM-BARK'. See Re-embakk.
RE-IM-BOD'Y, V. i. [re and imbody.] Toimbody again ; to
be formed into a body anew. Boyle.
RE-IM-BURS'A-BLE, a. That may be repaid. Hamilton.
RE-IM-BURSE', (re-im-burs') v. t. [Fr. rembourser ,■ It.
rimborsare.] To refund ; to replace in a treasury or in a
private coffer, and equivalent to the sum taken from it,
lost or expended.
RE-IM-BURS'ED, (re-im-bursf) pp. Repaid ; refunded ;
made good, as loss or expense.
RE-IM-BURSE'MENT, (re-im-burs'ment) n. The act of
repaying or refunding ; repayment. Hamilton
RE-IM-BURS'ER, n. One who repays or refunds what has
been lost or expended.
RE-IM-BURS'ING, ppr. Repaying; refunding; making
good, as loss or expense.
RE-IM-PLANT', v. t. [re and implant.i To implant again
RE-IM-PLANT'ED,pp. Implanted anew.
RE-IM-PLANT'ING, ppr. Implanting agam.
RE-IM-POR-TuNE', v. t. [re and importune.] To impor
tune ag'^in.
RE-IM-POR-TuN'ED, (re-im-por-tund') pp. Importuned
again .
RE-IM-POR-TuN'ING, ppr. Importuning again.
RE-IM-PREG'NATE, v. t. [re and impregnate.] To toi-
pregnate again. Brown.
RE-IM-PREG'NA-TED,pi». Impregnated again.
RE-IM-PREG'NA-TING, wpr. Impregnating again.
RE-IM-PRESS', V. t. [re and impress.] To impress anew
RE-IM-PRESS'ED, (re-im-presf) ;>p. Impressed again.
RE-IM-PRESS'ING, pnr. Impressing again.
RE-IM-PRES'SION, n. A second or repeated impression
RE-IM-PRINT', V. t [re and imprint.] To imprint agaii..
RE-IM-PRINT'ED, pp. Imprinted agam.
RE-IM-PRINT'ING, pjir. Imprinting anew.
RE-IM-PRIS'ON, V. t. To imprison a second time.
RE-IM-PRIS'ONED, pp. Imprisoned a second time.
RE-IM-PRIS'ON-ING, »pr. Imprisoning a second time.
RE-IM-PRIS'ON-MENT, n. The act of confining in prisor
a second time.
REIN, 71. [Fr. rene, from resne.] 1. The strap of a bridle,
fastened to the curb or snaffle on each side, by wiiich the
rider of ahorse restrains and governs him. 2. The in-
strument of curbing, restraining or governing ; govern-
ment. — To give ihe reins, to give license; to leave with-
out restraint. — To take tlie reins, to take the guidance or
government.
REIN, V. t. To govern by a bridle. Milton. 2. To restrain ;
to control. Shak.
REIN<DEER, ) 71. [Sax. hrana. See Rane.] A species of
RaNE'DEER, \ the cervine genus.
RE-IN-FE€T', v. t. [re and infect.] To infect again.
RE-IN-FE€T'ED,p;j. Infected again.
RE-IN-FEOT'ING, ppr. Infecting again.
RE-IN-FEe'TIOUS, a. Capable of infecting again.
RE-IN-F5RCE', v. t. [re and enforce.] To give new force
to ; to strengthen by new assistance or support.
RE-IN-FoR'CED, (re-in-forsf) pp. Strengthened by addi
tional force.
RE-IN-FoRCE'MENT, n. New force added ; fresh supplies
of strength ; particularly, additional troops or ships.
RE-IN-FoR'CING, ppr. Adding fresh force to.
RE-IN-GRa'TIATE, v. t. [re and ingratiate.] To ingra-
tiate again ; to recommend again to favor. Herbert.
RE-IN-GRa'TIA-TED, pp. Reinstated in favor.
RE-IN-GRa'TIA-TING, ppr. Ingratiating again.
RE-IN-HAB'IT, v. t. [re and inhabit.] To inhabit again.
RE-IN-HAB'IT-ED,:P;7. Inhabited again.
RE-IN-HAB'IT-ING, ppr. Inhabiting a second time.
REIN'LESS, a. Without rein ; without restraint ; un-
checked.
RE-IN-LIST', v. t. or i. To inlist again. Marshall.
RE-IN-LIST'ED, pp. Inlisted anew.
RE-IN-LIST'ING, -ppr. Inlisting anew.
RE-IN-LIST'MENT, n. The ace of inlisting anew; the act
of engaging again in military service.
RE-IN-ClUiRE', V. t. To inquire a second time. Brown.
REINS, n. plu. [Fr. rein, rognon ; L. ren, renes.] I. The
kidneys ; the lower part of the back.— 2. In Scripture, the
inward parts ; the heart, or seat of the affections and pas
sions. Ps. Ixxiii.
RE-IN-SERT', V. t. [re and insert.] To insert a second
time.
RE-IN-SERT'ED, P77. Inserted again.
RE-IN-SERT'ING, ppr. Inserting again.
RE-IN-SER'TION, n. A second insertion.
RE-IN-SPE€T', V. t. To inspect again, as provisions.
RE-IN-SPE€'TION, n. The act of inspecting a second
time
RE-IN-SPiRE', V. t. [re and inspire.] To inspire anew.
RE-IN-SPlR'ED, (re-in-splrd') pp. Inspired again.
RE-IN-SPlR'ING,p;7r. Inspiring again.
RE-IN-STALL', v. t. To install again ; to seat anew.
RE-IN-STALL'ED, (re-in-stawld') pp. Installed anew.
RE-IN-STALL'ING, ppr. Installing agam.
RE-IN-STALL'MENT, n. A second installment.
RE-IN-STATE', v. t. [re and instate.] To place again in'
possession or in a former state ; to restore to a state from
which one had been removed.
RE-IN-STaT'ED, pp. Replaced in possession or in a funno
state.
RE-IN-STaTE'MENT, n. The act of putting in a former
state ; re-establishment. Marshall.
RE-IN-STaT'ING, ppr. Replacing in a former state ; put-
ting again in possession.
RE-xN-SuR'ANCE, (re-in-shurans) n. [re and insurance]
An inswrance of property already insuied ; a second in-
suranceof the same property.
RE-IN-SURE', (re-hi-shure') v. t. [re and insure.] To iii-
See Synopsis MO\'E, BOQK, DoVE ; ByLL, UNITE.-€ as K : G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SIJ ; TH as in tUs. t OhsoUtc
REL
REL
sure the same property a second time by other underwrit-
ers.
RE-IN-SuR'ED, (re-iri-shurd') pp. Insured a second time by
other persons.
UE-IN-SUR'ING, (re-in-shur'ing) ppr. Insuring a second
time by other persons.
RE-IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. [Fr. reintegrer ; L. redintegro.]
To renew with regard to any state cr quality ; to restore.
[Little used.]
RE-lN-TER'RO-GATE, v. t. [re and interrogate.] To in-
terrogate again ; to question repeatedly. Cotgrave.
RE-IN-THRoNE , i). t. To replace on the throne,
RE-IN-THRoN'ED, pp. Placed again on the throne.
RE-lN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Replacmg on the throne.
t RE-IN-THRoN'iZE, v. t. To reinthrone.
RE-IN-VEST', V. t. [re and invest.] To invest anew.
IlE-IN-VEST'ED, ;>p. Invested again.
RE-IN-VEST'ING, pp- Investing anew.
RE-IN-VEST'MENT, n The act of investing anew ; a
second or repeated investment.
TIE-IN -VIG'0-RAT£, 1). «. To revive vigor in j to reani-
mate.
REIT, n. Sedge ; sea-weed. Bailey.
REI'TER, n. [Ger. rdter.] A ride. ; a trooper.
RE-IT'ER-ATE, v. t. [Fr. reiterer.] To repeat ; to repeat
agahi and again. Milton.
RE-IT'ER-A-TED, pp. Repealed again and again.
RE-IT'FR-A-TING, ppr. Repeating again and again.
RE-IT-ER-A'TION, n. Repetition. Boyle.
RE-JEeT', V. t. [L.rejlcio^rejectus.] 1. Tt throw away,
as any thing -'^'ess or vile. 2. To cast off. 3. To cast
off; to forsake. Jer. vii. 4. To refuse to receive ; to
slight ; to despise. 5. To refuse to grant. 6. To refuse
to accept.
RE-JECT'A-BLE, a. That may be rejected.
RE-JE€-TA-MENT'A, n. [from L. rejecto.] Things thrown
out or away. [M-formed.] Fleming.
RE-JE€-T^'NE-OUS, a. Not chosen or received j rejected.
Mm-e.
RE-JE€T'ED, pp. Thrown away; cast off; refused;
slighted.
RE-JEGT'ER, n. One that rejects or refuses. Clarke.
liE-JE€T'ING, ppr. Throwing away ; castingoff; refusing
to grant or accept ; slighting.
RE-JEe'TION, n. [L. rejectio.] The act of throwing
away ; the act of casting off or forsaking ; refusal to
accept or grant.
\ RE-JEe-Tl"TIOUS, a. That may be rejected or refused.
RE-JEeT'IVE, a. That rejects or tends to cast off.
RE-JE€T'MENT, n. Matter thrown away. Eaton.
RE-JOICE', i|re-jois') v. i. [Fr. rejouir, rejouissant ; Sp. re-
gocijar.] To experience joy and gladness in a high de-
gree ; to be exhilarated with lovely and pleasurable sensa-
tions ; to exult.
RE-JOICE', (re-jois') v. t. To make joyful ; to gladden; to
animate witn lively, pleasurable sensations ; to exhila-
rate.
t RE-JOICE', n. Act of rejoicing. Brown.
RE-JOI'CED, (re-joisf) pp. Made glad ; exhilarated.
RE-JOI'CER, n. One that rejoices. Taylor.
RE'30l'ClNG, ppr Animating with gladness ; exhilarating;
feeling joy.
RE-JOI'CING, n 1. The act of expressing joy and gladness.
•2. The subject of joy. 3. The experience of joy. Oal.vi.
RE-JOI'CING-LY, adv. With joy or exultation. Slieldoyi.
RE-JOIN', V. t. [re and join ; Fr. rejuindre.] 1. To join
again ; to unite after separation. 2. To meet one again.
«IE-J0IN', V. i. 1. To answer to a reply. — 2. In law plead
ings, to answer as the defendant to the plaintiff's replica-
tion.
RE-JOIND'ER, 71. 1. An answer to a reply ; or, in general,
an answer. — 2. In law pleadings, the defendant's answer
to the plaintiff's replication.
RE-JOIN'ED, (re-joind') pp. Joined again ; reunited.
RF,-301N'lNG,ppr. Joining again ; answering a plaintiff^s
replication.
RE-JOINT', V. t. [re and jomi.] To reunite joints.
7 RE-JoLT', n. [re and jolt.] A reacting jolt or shock.
South.
r RE-J6URN', (re-jurn') v. t. [Fr. reajourner.] To adjourn
to another hearing or inquiry. Burton.
RE-JUDGE', (re-juj') t). £. \re and judge.] To judge again ;
to re-examine ; to review ; to call to a new trial and de-
cision. Pope.
RE-JTIDG'ED, (re-jujd') pp. Reviewed; judged again.
RE-JUDG'ING, ppr. Judging again.
RE-JU-VE-NES'CENCE, )n. [1,. re and J7ivenescens.] A
KE-JU-VENES'CEN-CY, \ renewing of youth ; the state
of being young again.
RE-KIN'DLE, v. t. [re and kindle.] 1. To kindle again ;
lo set on fire anew. 2. To inflame again ; to rouse anew.
RE-KIN'DLED, pp. Kindled again ; inflamed anew.
RE-KIN'DLING, ppr. Kindling again ; inflaming anew.
RE-LajD', pp. Laid a second time.
RE-LAND', V. t. [re and land \ To land again ; to put on
land what had been shipped or embarked.
RE-LAND', V. i. To go on shore after having embarked.
RE-LAND'ED, pp. Put on shore again.
RE-LAND'ING, ppr. Landing again.
RE-LAPSE', (re-laps') v. i. HLi. relapsus.] 1. To slip or
slide back ; to return. 2. To fall back ; to return to a
former state or practice. 3. To fall back or return from
recovery or a convalescent state.
RE-LAPSE, (re-laps') n. A sliding or falling back, particu-
larly into a former bad state, either of body or of morals.
RE-LAPS'ER, u. One that relapses into vice or error.
RE-LAPS'ING, ppr. Sliding or falling back, as into disease
or vice.
RE-LaTE', v. t. [L. relatus.] 1. To tell : to recite ; to
narrate the particulars of an event. 2. To bring back ; to "
restore ; [obs.] 3. To aily by connection or kindred.— 7'o
relatj one^s self, to vent thoughts in words ; [ill.]
RE-LaTE', v. i. To have reference or respect ; to regard.
RE-LaT'ED, pp. 1. Recited ; narrated. 2. a. Allied by
kindred ; connected by blood or alliance, particularly bv
consanguinity.
RE-LaT'ER, 71. One who tells, recites or narrates ; a histo-
rian. Swift.
RE-LaT'1NG, ppr. 1. Telling ; reciting ; narrating. 2. a.
Having relation or reference ; concerning.
RE-La'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. relatio.] 1. The act of telling ;
recital ; account ; narration ; narrative of facts. 2. Re-
spect ; reference ; regard. 3. Connection between things ;
mutual respect, or what one thing is with regard to anotli-
er. 4. Kindred ; alliance. 5. A person connected by
consanguinity or affinity ; a kinsman or kinswoman. 6.
Resemblance of phenomena ; analogy. — 7. Iji geometry,
ratio; proportion.
RE-La'TION-AL, a. Having relation or kindred. Tooke.
RE-La'TION-SHIP, 71. The state of being related by kin-
dred, affinity ojc other alliance.
REL'A-TlVE, a.' -[Fr. relatif; L. rclativus.] 1. Having re-
lation ; respecting. 2. Not absolute or existing by itself,
considered as belon'^jng to or respecting something else. 3.
Incident to man in* society ; as relative rights and duties.
4. Particular ; positivie ; [obs ]
REL'A-TlVE, 71. 1. A^erson connected by blood or aflini-
ty ; strictly, one alliedj by blood ; a relation ; a kinsman
or kinswoman. 2. That which has relation to something
else. — 3. In grammar, a word which relates to or repre-
sents another word, called its antecedent, or to a sentence
or member of a sentence.
REL'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In relation or respect to something
else ; not absolutely. Watts.
REL'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The state of having relation.
RE-La'TOR, 71. In law, one who brings an information in
the nature of a quo warranto. Blackstone.
RE-LAX', V. t. [L. relaxo.] 1. To slacken ; to make less
tense or rigid. 2. To loosen ; to make less close or firm.
3. To make less severe or rigorous ; to remit or abate in
strictness. 4. To remit or abate in attention, assiduity oi
labor. 5. To unbend ; to ease ; to relieve from close at-
tention. 6. To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to
open. 7. To open ; to loose. 8. To make languid.
RE-LAX', ij. i. 1. To abate in severity; to become more
mild or less rigorous. 2. To remit in close attention.
t RE-LAX', 7?,. Relaxation. Feltham.
RE-LAX' A-BLE, a. That may be remitted. Barrow.
REL-AX-A'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. relaxatio.] 1. The act of
slackening or remitting tension. 2. Cessation of restraint.
3. Remission or abatement of rigor. 4. Remission of at-
tention or application. 5. An opening or loosening.
REL-AX'A-TlVE, a. Having the quality of relaxing.
RE-LAX'ED, (re-laxf) pp. Slackened ; loosened ; remitted
or abated in rigor or hi closeness ; made less vigorous ; lan-
guid.
REL- AX'ING, ppr. Slackening; loosening; remitting or
abating in rigor, severity or attention ; rendering languid
RE-LAY', 7i. [Fr. relais.] 1. A supply of horses placed on
the road to be in readiness to reheve others, that a travel-
er may proceed without delay. 2. Hunting dogs kept in
readiness at certain places to pursue the game, when the
dogs^that have been in pursuit are weary.
RE-LaY', v. t. [re and lay.] To lay again ; to lay a second
time. Smollet.
RE-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying a second time.
RE-LeASE', f. t. [usually derived from Fr. 7-eZac/;er ; It.
rilassare and rilasciare.] 1. To set free from restraint of
any kind, either physical or moral ; to liberate from prison,
confinement or servitude. Matt. xv. Mark xv. 2. To
free from pain, care, trouble, grief, &c. 3. To free from ob-
ligation or penalty. 4. To quit ; to let go, as a legal claim.
5. To discharge or relinquish a right to lands or teneinents,
by conveying it to another that has some right or estate in
possession. 6. To relax ; [obs.]
RE-LeASE', 7!. 1. Liberation or discharge from restraint of
any kind, aa from confinement or bondage. 2. Liberation
from care, pain or any burden. 3. Discharge from obli-
* Sec Synopsis. A E. I. O. U -t' ^y?;^/,— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :
t Obsolete
REL
687
REL
gation or responsibility, as from debt, penalty or claim of
any kind ; acquittance. — 4. In law, a release or deed of
release, is a conveyance of a man's right in lands or tene-
ments to another who has some estate in possession ; a
quitclaim.
RE-LeAS'ED, (re-leesf) pp. Set free from confinement;
freed from obligation or liability ; freed from pain ; quit-
claimed.
RE-LeASE'MENT, 71. The act of releasing from confine-
ment or obligation. Milton.
RE-LeAS'ER, 71. One who releases.
RE-LeAS'ING, ppr. Liberating from confinement or re-
straint ; freeing from obligation or responsibility, or from
pain or other evil ; quitclaiming.
BEL'E-GATE, V t. [L. relego.] To banish ; to send into
exile.
REL'E-GA-TED, pp. Sent into exile.
REL'E-GA-TING, ppr. Banishing.
REL-E-Ga'TION, n. [L. relegatio.] The act of banish-
ment ; exile. Ayliffe.
RE-LENT', V. i. [Fr. ralentir ; Sp. relenter.] L To soften ;
to become less rigid or hard ; to give. 2. To grow moist ;
to deliquesce ; applied to salts ; [ofe.] 3. To become less
intense; [little used.} Sidney. 4. To soften in temper ; to
become more mild and tender ; to feel compassion.
T RE-LENT', ij. t. 1. To slacken. 2. To soften ; to mollify.
t RE-LENT', pp. Dissolved.
t RE-LENT', 71. Remission ; stay. Spenser.
RE-LENT'ING, ppr. Softening in temper ; becoming more
mild or compassionate.
RE-LENT'ING, n. The act of becoming more mild or
compassionate.
RE-LENT'LESS, a. Unmoved by pity ; unpitying ; insensi-
ble to the distresses of others ; destitute of tenderness.
RE-LES-SEE', n. The person to whom a release is executed.
RE-LES-SOR'sTi. The person who executes a release.
REL'E-VANCE, ) n. 1. The state of being relevant, or of
REL'E-VAN-CY, \ affording relief or aid. 2. Pertinence ;
applicableness.— 3. In Scots law, sufficieij«y to infer the
conclusion. »
REL'L-VANT, a. [Fr. ; L. relever.] ]. .Relieving ; lend-
ing aid or support. 2. Pertinent; applicable. 3. Suffi-
cient to support the cause. Scots law, •
t REL-E-Va'TION, 71. A raising or lifting up.
RE-Ll'ANCE, 71. Rest or repose of mind, resulting from a
full belief of the veracity or integrity of a person, or of
the certainty of a fact; trust; confidence ; dependence.
REL'I€, 71. [Fr. relique; lu. reliquim.] 1, That which re-
mains ; that which is left after the loss or decay of the
rest. 2. The body of a deceased person ; a corpse ; [usu-
ally in the plural.] Pope.
t REL'I€-LY, adv. In the manner of relics. Donne.
REL'1€T, n. [L. relictus, reHcta.] A widow ; a woman
whos^ husband is dead. Sprat.
RE-LIeF', 71. [Fv. relief ; It. rilevn,rilievo.] 1. The remov-
al, in whole or in part, of any evil that afflicts the body or
mind ; the removal or alleviation of pain, grief, want,
care, anxiety, toil or distress, or of any thing oppressive
or burdensome, by which some ease is obtained. 2. That
which mitigates or removes pain, grief or other evil. 3.
The dismission of a sentinel from his post, whose place
is supplied by another soldier ; also, the person who takes
his place. — 4. In sculpture &;c. the projecture or promi-
nence of a figure above or beyond the ground or plane on
which it is formed. Relief is of three kinds ; high relief,
[alto relievo ;] low relief, [basso relievo ;] and demi relief,
demi relievo.] The difference is in the degree of projecture.
— 5. In painting, the appearance of projection, or the de-
gree of boldness which a figure exhibits to the eye at a dis-
tance. — 6. In feudal law, a fine or composition which the
heir of a tenant, holding by kn ight's service or other tenure,
paid to the lord at the death of the ancestor, for the privi-
lege of taking up the estate which, on strict feudal princi-
ples, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the
tenant. 7. A remedy, partial or total, for any wrong
suffered ; redress ; indemnification. 8. The exposure of
any thing by the proximity of something else.
RE-LT^R, 71. One who relies, or places full confidence in,
RE-LIeV'A-BLE, a. Capable of being relieved ; that may
receive relief. Hale.
RE-LIeVE', v. t. [Fr. relever ; L. relevo.] 1. To free,
wholly or partially, from pain, grief, want, anxiety, care,
toil, trouble, burden, oppression, or anything that is con-
sidered to be an evil ; to ease of any thing that pains the
body or distresses the mind. 2. To alleviate or remove.
3. To dismiss from a post or station, as sentinels, a guard
or ships, and station others in their place. 4. To right ;
to ease of any burden, wrong or oppression. 5. To abate
the inconvenience of any thing by change, or by the inter-
position of something dissimilar. 6. To assist ; tosupport.
RE-LlE V'ED, (re-leevd') pp. 1. Freed from pain or other
evil ; eased or cured ; aided ; succored ; dismissed from
watching. 2. Alleviated or removed ; as pain or dis-
tress.
RE-LIeV'ER, n One that relieves : he or that which gives
ease._
RE-LIeV'ING, ppr. Removing pain or distress, or abating
the violence of it ; easing ; curing ; assisting ; dismissing
from a post, as a sentinel ; supporting.
RE-LIe'VO, n. [It.] Relief; prominence of figures in
statuary, architecture, &c. ; apparent prominence of fig-
ures in painting.
RE-LIGHT', (re-llte') v. t. [re and light.] 1. To light anew ;
to illuminate again. 2. To rekindle ; to set on fire again.
RE-LlGHT'ED, f)^. Lighted anew ; rekindled.
RE-LlGHT'ING, ppr. Lighting again ; rekindling.
RE-LI6'I0N, (re-lij'un) n. [Fr., Sp. religion ; It. rellgione ;
Li. religio.] 1. i?eZig-207i, in its most comprehensive sense,
includes a belief in the being and perfections of God, in
the reveMion of his will to man, in man's obligation to
obey his commands, in a state of reward and punishment,
and in man's accountableness to God ; and also true
godliness or piety of life, with the practice of all moral
duties. 2. Religion, as distinct from theology, is godliness
or real piety in practice. 3. Religion, as distinct from
virtue or morality, consists in the performance of the du-
ties we owe directly to God, from aprinciple of obedience
to his will. 4. Any system of faith and worship. 5. The
rites of religion ; in the plural.
tRE-Ll6'ION-A-RY, a. Relating to religion ; pious.
KE-LIG'ION-IST, n. A bigot to any religious persuasion.
Swift.
RE-LIG'IOUS, (re-lid'jus) a. [7r. religieux ; 'L.rcligiosus.]
1. Pertaining or relating to religion. 2. Pious; godly;
loving and reverencing the Supreme Being and obeying
his precepts. 3. Devoted to the practice of religion. 4.
Teaching religion ; containing religious subjects or the
doctrines and precepts oi religion. 5. Exact ; strict ; such
as religion requires. 6. Engaged by vows to a monastic
life. 7. Appropriated to the performance of sacred or
religious duties.
RE-LIG'IOUS, 71. A person bound by monastic vows, or
sequestered from secular concerns and devoted to a life of
piety and devotion ; a monk or friar ; a nun.
RE-LIG'IOUS-LY, (re-lid'jiis-ly) adv. i. Piously ; with love
and reverence to the Supreme Being ; in obedience to the
divine commands. 2. According to the rites of religion
3. Reverently ; with veneration. 4. Exactly ; strictly ;
conscientiously.
RE-LIG'IOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being re-
ligious.
RE-LIN'QUISH, v.t. [L. relinquo.] 1. To withdraw
from ; to leave ; to quit. It may be to forsake or abandon,
but it does not necessarily express the sense of the latter.
A man may relinquish an enterprise for a time, or with a
design never to resume it. In general, to relinquish, is to
leave without the intention of resuming, and equivalent
to fo7-sake, hnt is less emphatical than abandon and desert
2. To forbear ; to withdraw from. 3. To give up ; to re ■
nounce a claim to. — To relinquish back, or to, to give up ;
to release ; to surrender.
RE-LIN'aUISIlED,;>7). Left; quitted; given up.
RE-IilN'aUISH-ER, n. One who leaves or quits.
RE-LlN'aUISH-ING, ppr. auitting ; leaving ; giving up.
RE-LlN'aUISH-MENT, n. The act of leaving or quitting ;
a forsaking ; the renouncing a claim to.
REL'I-Q,UA-RY, n. [Fr. rcliquaire.] A depository for rel-
ics ; a casket in which relics are kept.
RE-LIQ,'UID-ATE, v. t. [re and liquidate.] To liquidate
anew ; to adjust a second time.
RE-Lia'tJID-A-TED, pp. Liquidated again.
RE-LICi'UID-A-TING,ppr. Liquidating again.
RE-LICl-UID-A'TION, n. A second or renewed liquidation ;
a renewed adjustment. Hamilton.
REL'ISH, 77. 1. Taste; or, rather, a pleasing taste; that
sensation of the organs which is experienced when we
take food or drink of an agreeable flavor. 2. Liking ,
delight; appetite. 3. Sense; the faculty of perceiving
excellence ; taste. 4. That which gives pleasure ; the
power of pleasing. 5. Cast ; manner. 6. Taste ;' a small
quantity just perceptible.
REL'ISH, V. t. 1. To give an agreeable taste to. 2. To like
the taste of. 3. To be gratified with the enjoyment or
use of.
REL'ISH, V. i. 1. To have a pleasing taste. 2. To give
pleasure. 3. To have a flavor.
REL'ISH-A-BLE, a, Gustable ; having an agreeable taste.
REL'ISIIED, j);>. Giving an agreeable taste ; received with
pleasure.
RE-LiVE, (re-Iiv') v. i. [re and live.] To live again ; to
revive. Spenser.
f-RE-LlVE', (re-livO t;. t. To recall to life. Spenser.
RE-LoAN', v. t. [re and loan.] To loan again ; to lend
what has been lent and repaid.
RE-LoAN', n. A second lendinc of the same mrney.
RE-LoAN'ED, (re-lond') vp. Loaned again.
RE-LoAN'TNG, ppr. Loaning again.
t RE-L6VE', 7;. i. [re and love.] To ]ove in return. Botjle
* See Synopsis. M5VE, BOQK, D6VE 5— BULL, UNITE.— C as K 3 G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
REM
688
REM
lt£-LU'CENT, a. [L. relucens.] Shining; transparent;
clear ; pellucid. Thomson.
RE-LU€T', z). i. [L.reluctor.] To strive or struggle against.
[Little used.]
RE-LUeT'ANCE, In. Unwillingness; great opposition of
RE-LU€T'AN-CY, J mind ; repugnance.
R£-L1j€T'ANT, a. 1. Striving against; unwilling ; much
opposed iu heart. 2. Unwilling ; acting with slight re-
pugnance ; coy. 3. Proceedmg from an unwilling mind ;
granted with reluctance.
RE-LU€T'.\NT-L Y, adv. With opposition of heart ; un-
willingly.
RE-LU€T'ATE, v. t. To resist ; to struggle agamst.
RE-LU€-Ta'TION, n. Repugnance ; resistance. Bacon.
RE-LU€T'ING, ppr. 1. Striving to resist. 2. a. Averse ;
unwilling.
RE-LuM£',«.t. LFr.raZZitmer.] To rekindle; to light again.
RE-LuM'ED, (re-lumd') j?ij. Rekindled ; lighted again.
RE-LU'MlNE, V. t. [It. ralluvdnare ; L. relumino.] 1. To
light anew ; to rekindle. 2. To Uluminate again.
RE-LU'MiNED, pp. Rekindled ; illuminated anew.
RE-LuM'lNG, ppr. Kindling or lighting anew.
RE-LuM'IN-lNG, ppr. Rekindling ; enlightening anew.
RE-LY', V. i. [re and lie.] To rest on something, as the mind
when satisfied of the veracity, integrity or ability of per-
sons, or of the certainty of facts or of evidence ; to have
confidence in ; to trust in ; to depend.
RE-LY'IXG, ppr. Reposing on something, as the mind;
confiding in ; trusting in ; depending.
RE-MaDE', jpret. and pp. of remake.
RE-Ma1N', w. ^- li. remaueo.] 1. To continue; to rest or
abide in a place for a time uidefinite. 2. To be left after
others have withdrawn ; to rest or abide in the same
place when others remove, or are lost, destroyed or taken
away. 3. To be left after a part or otliers have past. 4.
To continue unchanged, or in a particular state. 5. Not
to be lost ; not to escape ; not to be forgotten. 6. To be
left, out of a greater number or quantity. 7. To be left as
not included or comprised, fe. To continue iu the same
state.
RE-MaTN', v. t. To await ; to be left to.
fRE-MAlN', 76. That which is left . a corpse ; also, abode.
LI ;;-MaIN'DER, n. 1. Any thing left after the separation and
removal of apart. Arbutk. 2. Relics ; remains ; the corpse
of a human being ; [nbs.] 3. That which is left after a part
is past. 4. The sum that is left after subtraction or after
any deduction.— 5. In law, an estate Ihnited to take ef-
frct and be enjoyed after another estate is determined.
j- RE-MaIN'DER, a. Remaming ; refuse ; left ; as the re-
mainder biscuit. Shak.
RE-MaIN'DER-MAN, n. In law, he who has an estate after
a particular estate is determined. Blackstone.
RE-:iIaIN'ING, ppr. Continuing ; resting ; abiding for an
indefinite time : being left.
RE-MaINS', n.,phi. 1. That which is left after a part is
separated, taken away or destroyed. 2. A dead body ; a
corpse.
RE-MaKE', v. t. ; pret. and pp. remade, [re and make.] To
make anew.
RE-MaND', v. t. [Fr. remander.] To call or send back him
or that which i;S ordered to a place.
RE-MaND'ED, pp. Called or sent back.
RE-MAND'ING, ppr. Calling or sending back.
REBl A-NENT, n. [L. remaiiens.] The part remaining.
REM'A-NENT, a. Remaining. [Little used.] Taylor.
RE-MARK', n. [Fr. remarque.] Notice or observation ; par-
ticularly, notice or observation expressed in words or
writing.
RE-MaRK', v. t. [Fr. remarquer.] 1. To observe ; to note
in the mind ; to take notice of without expression. 2. To
express iu words or writing what one thinks or sees ; to
express observations. 3. To mark ; to point out ; to dis-
tinguish ; [ubs.] jililton.
UE-MaRK'A-BLE, a. [Fr. remarquable.] 1. Observable;
worthy of notice. 2. Extraordinary ; unusual ; that de-
serves particular notice, or that may excite admiration or
wonder.
RE-MARK' A-BLE-NESS, ?i. Observableness ; worthiness
of remark ; the quality of deserving notice.
RE-MARK' A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree worthy
of notice. 2. In an extraordinary manner.
RE-MARK'ED, (re-markf) pp. Noticed ; observed ; ex-
pressed in words or writing.
RE-MARK'ER, n. An observer; one who makes remarks.
Watts.
RE-MARK'ING,ppr. Observing; takmg notice of ; express-
ing in words or writing.
RE-MAR'RIED, pp. Married again or a second time.
RE-MAR'RY, v. t. [re and marry.] To marry again or a
second time. Tindal.
RE-MAR'RY-ING, ppr. Marrying again or a second time.
RE-MAS'TI-€ATE, v. t. [re and masticate.] To chew or
masticate again ; to chew over and over, as in chewing
the cud.
RE-MAS 'TI-€A-TED, pp. Chewed again or repeatedly.
RE-MAS'TI-CA-TING, ppr. Chewmg again or over and
over.
RE-MAS-TI-€a'TION, n. The act of masticating again or
repeatedly.
REM'BLE, V. t. To move, or remove. Grose.
* RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, a. [from remedy.] That may be reme-
diedor cured.
RE-Me'DI-AL, a. [li.remedialis.] Affording a remedy ; in-
tended for a remedy, or for the removal of an evil.
RE-Me'DI-ATE, in the sense of remedial, is not in use.
REM'E-DiED,pjp. [fxova. remedy.] Ciu-ed ; healed ; repaired
*RE-MED'I-LESS, a. 1. Not admitting a remedy; incur-
able ; desperate. 2. Irreparable. 3. Not admitting change
or reversal. 4. Not admitting recovery. South.
* RE-ME1»'I-LESS-LY, adv. In a manner or degree that
precludes a remedy. Clarendon
* RE-MED'I-LESS-NESS, n. Incurableness.
REM'E-DY, 71. [L. remedium ; Fi. remede.] 1. That which
cures a disease ; any medicine or application which puts
an end to disease and restores health. 2. That which
counteracts an evil of any kind. 3. That which cures
uneasiness. 4. That which repahs loss or disaster ; rep-
aration.
REM'E-DY, V. t. [Fr. remedier.] 1. To cure ; to heal. 2.
To cure ; to remove, as an evil. 3. To repair ; to remove
mischief.
REM'E-DY-ING, ppr. Curing ; healing ; removing ; restor-
ing from a bad to a good state.
RE-MELT', V. t. [re and rnelt.] To melt a second time.
RE-MELT'ED, jjp. Melted again.
RE-MELT'ING, ppr. Melting again.
RE-MEM'BER, v. t. [Norm, remembre ; Low L. rememoror.^
1. To have in the mind an idea which had been in the
mind before, and which recurs to the mind without ef-
fort. 2. When we use effort to recall an idea, we are said
to recollect it. This distinction is not always observed.
Hence remember is often used as synonymous with recol-
lect, that is, to call to mind. We say, we cannot remem-
ber a fact, wlien we mean, we cannot recollect it. 3. To
bear or keep in mind ; to attend to. 4. To preserve the
memory of; to preserve from being forgotten 5. To
mention ; [obs.] 6. To put in mind ; to remind ; [obs.]
7. To think of and consider ; to meditate. Ps. Ixiii. 8.
To bear in mind with esteem ; or to reward. Eccles. ix.
9. To bear in mind with praise or admiration ; to cele-
brate. 1. Chron. xvi. 10. To bear in mind with favor,
care, and regard for the safety or deliverance of any one.
Ps. Ixxiv. 11. To bear in mind with intent to reward or
punish. 3 John x. 12. To bear in mind with confidence ;
to trust in. Ps. xx. 13. To bear in mind with the pur-
pose of assisting or relieving. Oal. ii. 14. To bear in
mind with reverence ; to obey. 15. To bear in mind with
regard; to keep as sacred; to observe. — To remember
mercy, is to exercise it. Hab. hi.
RE-MEIM'BERED, pp. Kept in mind ; recollected.
RE-MEM'BER-ER, n. One that remembers. Wotton.
RE-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Having in mind.
RE-MEM'BRANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The retaining or having in
mind an ioea which had been present before, or an idea
which had been previously received from an object when
present, and which recurs to the mind afterwards without
the presence of its object. Technically, remembrance dif-
fers from reminiscence and recollection, as the former im-
plies that an idea occurs to the mind spontaneously, or
without much mental exertion. The latter imply the
power or the act of recalling ideas which do not sponta-
neously recur to the mind. 2. Transmission of a fact
from one to another 3. Account preserved ; something
to assist the memory. 4. Memorial. 5. A token by
which one is kept in the memory. 6. Notice of some-
thing absent. 7. Power of remembering ; limit of time
within which a fact can be remembered. 8. Honorable
memory ; [obs.] 9. Admonition. 10 Memorandum ; a
note to help the memory.
RE-MEM'BRAN-CER, n. 1. One that reminds, or revives
the remembrance of any thing. 2. An officer in the ex-
chequer of England, whose business is to record certain
papers and proceedings, make out processes, &;c. ; a re-
corder.
I RE-MEM'0-RATE, v. t. [L. rememoratus, rememoror.]
To remember ; to revive in the memory.
t RE-MEM-O-Ra'TION, n. Remembrance.
t RE-MER'CIE, ) t;.- t. [Fr. remercier.] To thank. Spen-
tRE-MER€Y, \ ser.
REM'I-GRATE, v. i. [L. rewigro.] To remove back again
to a former place or state ; to return.
REM-I-GRa'TION, 71. Removal back again ; a migration
to a former place. Hale.
RE-MIND', V. t. [re and mind.] 1. To put in mind ; to
bring to the remembrance of. 2. To bring to notice or
consideration.
RE-MlND'ED, pp. Put in mind.
RE-MiND'ING, ppr. Putting in mind ; calling attention to
* Sue Synopsis. A, £, T, O, tJ, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
REM <
RE-MIND'ER, n. One who reminds ; an admonisher.
EEM-I-IVIS'CENCE, n. [Fr, ; L. reminiscens.] 1. That
faculty of the mind by which ideas formerly received
into it, but forgotten, are recalled or revived iii the memo-
ry. 2. Recollection ; recovery of ideas that had escaped
from the memory. Hale.
EEM-I-NIS'CENT, n. One who calls to mind and records
past events. C. Butler.
REM-I-NIS-CEN'TIAL, a. Pertaining to reminiscence or
recollection. Brown.
RE-MlSE', V. t. [Fr. remise ; L. remissus.] To give or
grant back ; to release a claim ; to resign or surrender by
deed.
RE-MiS'ED, (re-mizd') pp. Released.
RE-MlS'ING, ppr. Surrendering by deed.
RE-MISS', a. [Fr. remis ; L. remissus.] 1. Slack ; dilatory j
negligent ; not performing duty or business ; not comply-
ing with engagements at all, or not in due time. 2. Slow ;
slack ; languid. 3. Not intense.
RE-MISS'I-BLE, a. That may be remitted or forgiven.
RE-MIS'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. remissio.] 1. Abatement ; rel-
axation ; moderation. 2. Abatement ; diminution of in-
tensity. 3. Release ; discharge or relinquishment of a
claim or right. — 4. In medicine, abatement ; a temporary
subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain.
5. Forgiveness; pardon. 6. The act of sending back;
[ohs.^
t RB-MISS'IVE, a. Forgiving ; pardoning. HacJcet.
RE-MISS'LY, adv. 1. Carelessly ; negligently ; without close
attention. 2. Slowly ; slackly ; not vigorously ; not with
ardor.
RE-MISS'NESS, n. Slackness; slowness; carelessness;
negligence ; want of ardor or vigor ; coldness ; want of
ardor ; want of punctuality.
RE-MIT', V. t. [L. remitto ; Fr. remettre ; It. rimettere ;
Sp. remitir.] 1. To relax, as intensity ; to make less tense
or violent. 2 -To forgive ; to surrender the right of pun-
ishing a crime. 3. To pardon, as a fault or crime. 4. To
give up ; to resign. 5. To refer, tj. To send back. 7.
To transmit money, bills or other thing in payment for
goods received. 8. To restore.
RE-MIT', v,i. 1. To slacken ; to become less intense or
rigorous. 2. To abate in violence for a time, without in-
termission.
RE-MIT'MENT, n. 1. The act of remitting to custody. 2.
Forgiveness ; pardon. Milton.
RE-MIT'TAL, n. A remitting ; a giving up ; surrender.
Swift.
RE-M[T'TANCE, 71. I. In comTnerce, the act of transmit-
ting money, bills or the like, to a distant place, in re-
turn or payment for goods purchased. 2. The sum or
thing remitted in payment.
RE-MIT'TED, pp. R^elaxed ; forgiven ; pardoned ; sent
back ; referred ; given up ; transmitted in payment.
RE-MIT'TER, n. 1. One who remits, or makes remittance
for payment.— 2. In law, the restitution of a more ancient
and certain right to a person who has right to lands, but is
out of possession and has afterwards the freehold cast
upon him by some subsequent defective title, by virtue of
which he enters. 3. One that pardons.
REM'NANT, n. [contracted from remanent.} 1. Residue ;
that which is left after the separation, removal or destruc-
tion of a part. 2. That which remains after a part is
done, performed, told or passed.
REM'NANT, a. Remaining ; yet left. {Little used.]
RE-MOD'EL, V. t. [re and model.] To model or fashion
anew.
RE-MOD'ELED, pp. Modeled anew.
RE-MOD EL-ING, ppr. Modeling again.
RE-MoLD', V. t. [re and 7)wld.] To mold or shape anew.
RE-MoLD'ED, pp. Molded again. J. Barlow.
RE-MoLD'ING, ppr. Molding anew.
RE-MoLT'EN, a. or pp. [re and rnolten.] Melted again.
RE-MON'STRANCE, n. [Fr. remontrance.] 1 Show ; dis-
covery ; [ohs.] 2. Expostulation ; strong representation
of reasons against a measure. 3. Pressing suggestions in
opposition to a measure or act. 4. Expostulatory counsel
or advice ; reproof.
RE-MON STRANT, a. Expostulatory; urging strong reas-
ons against an act.
RE-MON'STRANT, n. One who remonstrates. The Ar-
minians are called Remonstrants, because they remon-
strated against the decisions of the Synod of Dort, in
1618.
RE-MON'STRATE, v. i. [L. remonstro ; Fr. remontrer.]
1. To exhibit or present strong reasons against an act,
measure or any course of proceedings ; to expostulate. 2.
To suggest urgent reasons in opposition to a measure.
RE-MON'STRATE, v. t. To show by a strong representa-
tion of reasons.
RE-MON'STRA-TING, ppr. Urging strong reasons against
a measure.
RE-MON-STRa-TION,«. The act of remonstrating. [L.u.]
RE-MON'STRa-TOR, n. One who remonstrates.
& REM
REM'O-RA, n. IL.] 1. Delay ; obstacle ; hinderance ; [obs.]
2. The sucking-fish, a species of echeneis, which is said to
attach itself to the bottom or side of a ship and retard its
motion.
fREM'O-RATE, v.t. [h. remoror.] To hinder; to d&
lay.
f RE-MORD', V. t. [L. remordeo.] To rebuke; to excite to
remorse. Skelton.
fRE-MORD', 17. t. To feel remorse. Elyot.
RE-MORD'EN-CY, n. Compunction ; remorse.
* RE-MORSE', (re-mors') n. [L. remorsus.] 1 The keen
pain or anguish excited by a sense of guilt ; compunction
of conscience for a crime committed. 2. Sympathetic
sorrow ; pity ; compassion.
*t RE-MORS'ED, a. Feeling remorse or compunction.
RE-MORSE'FUL, (re-mors'ful) a. 1. Full of remorse. 2.
Compassionate; feeling tenderly ; [obs.] 3. Pitiable; [obs.
*RE-MORSE'LESS, a. Unpitying ; cruel; insensible to
distress. Milton.
* RE-MORSE'LESS-LY, adv. Without remorse. South.
*RE-MORSE'LESS-NESS, (re-mors'les-nes) n. Savage cru
eltyj insensibility to distress. Beaumont,
RE-MoTE', a. [L. remotus.] 1. Distant in place ; not near.
2. Distant in time, past or future. 3. Distant ; not imme
diate. 4. Distant; primary; not proximate. 5. Alien,
foreign ; not agreeing with. 6. Abstracted. 7. Distant
in consanguinity or affinity. 8. Slight ; inconsiderable.
RE-MoTE'LY, adv. 1. At a distance in space or time ; not
nearly. 2. At a distance in consanguinity or affinity
3. Slightly ; in a small degree.
RE-MoTE'NESS, n. 1 . State of being distant in space or
time ; distance. 2. Distance in consanguinity or affinity.
3. Distance in operation or efficiency. 4. Slightness ;
smallness.
RE-Mo'TION, n. The act of removing ; the state of being
removed to a distance. [Little used.] Shak.
RE-MOUNT', V. t. [Fr. remcnter.j To mount again.
RE-MOUNT', V. i. To mount again ; to reascend.
RE-MoV-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being remova-
ble from an office or station ; capacity of being displaced.
RE-MOV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be removed from an office
or station. 2. That may be removed from one place to
another.
RE-MOV'AL, n. 1. The act of moving from one place to
another for residence. 2. The act of displacing from an
office or post. 3. The act of curing or putting away. 4.
The state of being removed ; change of place. 5. The
act of putting an end to
RE-MoVE', V. t. [L. removeo ; Sp. remover.] 1. To cause
to change place ; to put from its place in any manner. 2.
To displace from an office. 3. To take or put away in
any manner ; to cause to leave a person or thing ; to ban-
ish or destroy. 4. To carry from one court to another
5. To take from the present state of being.
RE-MoVE', V. i. 1. To change place in any manner. 2. To
go from one place to anotlier. 3. To change the place of
residence.
RE-MGVE', 71. 1, Change of place. Chapman. 2. Transla-
tion of one to the place of another. 3. State of being re-
moved. 4. Act of moving a man in chess or other game.
5. Departure ; a going away. 6. The act of changing
place ; removal. 7. A step in any scale of gradation. 8.
Any indefinite distance. 9. The act of putting a horse's
shoes on different feet. 10. A dish to be changed while
the rest of the course remains. 11. Susceptibility of being
removed ; [obs.]
RE-MOVED, (re-moovd') pp. 1. Changed in place ; carried
to a distance ; displaced from office ; placed far off. 2. a.
Remote ; separate from others.
RE-MOV'ED-NESS, n. State of being removed ; remote-
ness. Shak.
RE-M(5V'ER, 71. One that removes. Bacon.
RE-M6V'ING, ppr. Changing place ; carrying or going
fromone place to another ; displacing ; banishing.
RE-MU'6I-ENT, a. [L. remugiens.] Rebellowing." Jl/bre.
RE-MU-NER-A-BIL'l-TY, n. The capacity of being re-
warded.
RE-MtJ'NER-A-BLE, a. That may be rewarded; fit or
proper to be recompensed.
RE-MtJ'NER-ATE, v. t. [L. remunero.] To reward; to
recompense ; to requite ; in a good sense ; to pay an equiv-
alent to for any service, loss, expense or other sacrifice
RE-MU'NER-A-TED, pp. Rewarded ; compensated.
RE-Mu'NER-A-TING,;?;?r, Rewarding; recompensing
RE-MU-NER-a'TION, w. 1. Reward; recompense; the act
of paying an equivalent for services, loss or sacrifices. 2
The equivalent given for services, loss or sufferings.
RE-MtJ'NER-A-TiVE, a. Exercised in rewarding; that
bestows rewards. Boyle,
RE-Mu'NER-A-TO-RY, a. Affording recompense ; reward-
ing. Johnson,
RE-MUR'MUR, v, t. [L. remnrmuro.] To utter back in
murmurs ; to return m murmurs ; to repeat in low, hoarse
sounds.
See Synopsis. MtiVE, BOOK, D6VE
44
-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
REN
690
REN
RE-MUR'MUR, v. i. To murmur back ; to return or echo
in low, rumbling sounds. Dryden.
HE-MUR'MURED, pp. Uttered back in murmurs.
RE-MUR'MUR-ING, ppr. Uttering back in low sounds.
Re'NAL, a. [L. renalis.] Pertaining to the kidneys or
reins.
REN'ARD, n. [Fr. ; G. reineke.] A fox ; a name used in fa-
bles, but not m common discourse. Dryden.
RE-NAS'CEN-CY, n. The state of springing or being pro-
duced again. Brown.
BE-NAS'CENT, a. [L. renascens ] Springing or rising into
being again ; reproduced.
RE-NAS'CI-BLE, <i. That may be reproduced; that may
spring again into being.
RE-NAV'1-GATE, v.t. To navigate again.
RE-NAV'I-GA-TED, pp. Navigated again ; sailed over
anew.
RE-NAV'I-GA-TING, ppr. Navigating again.
REN-€OUN'TER, n. [Fr. rencontre.'] 1. Literally, a meet-
ing of two bodies. 2. A meeting in opposition or contest.
3. A casual combat ; a sudden contest or fight without
premeditation. 4. A casual action ; an engagement be-
tween armies or fleets. 5. Any combat, action or en-
gagement.
REN-€OUN'TER, v. t. 1. To meet unexpectedly without
enmitv or hostility. 2. To attack hand to hand.
REN-€OUN'TER, v. i. 1. To meet an enemy unexpected-
ly. 2. To clash ; to come in collision. 3. To skirmish
with another. 4. To fight hand to hand.
REND, V. t. ; pret. and pp. rent. [Sax. rendan, hrendan.] 1.
To separate any substance into parts with force or sudden
violence ; to tear asunder 5 to split. 2. To separate or
part with violence. — To rend the heart, in Scripture, to
have bitter sorrow for sin. Joel ii, — Rend differs some-
what from lacerate. We never say, to lacerate a rock or
a kingdom, when we mean to express splitting or divi-
sion. Lacerate is properly applicable to the tearing off of
small pieces of a thing, as, to lacerate the body with a
whip or scourge ; or to the tearing of the flesh or other
thing without entire separation.
REND'ER, n. One that tears by violence.
REN'DER, V. t. TF*- rendre ; It. rendere ; Sp. rendir ; Port.
render.] 1. xo return; to payback. 2. To inflict, as a
retribution. 3 To give on demand ; to give ; to assign.
4. To make or cause to be, by some influence upon a
thing, or by some change. 5. To translate, as from one
language into another. 6. To surrender ; to yield or give
' up the command or possession of. 7. To afford ; to give
for use or benefit. 8. To represent ; to exhibit ; [obs.] —
To render back, to return ; to restore,
t REN'DER, V. i. To show ; to give an account. Shak.
REN'DER, n. 1. A surrender ; a giving up. 2. A return ;
a payment of rent. 3. An account given.
REN'DER-A-BLE, a. That may be rendered. Sherwood.
REN'DERED, pp. Returned ; paid back ; given ; assigned ;
made ; translated ; surrendered ; aflbrded.
REK'DER-ER, ?i. Restorer; distributer. Chapman.
REN'DER-ING, ppr. Returning ; giving back ; assigning ;
making; translating; surrendering; affordmg.
REN'DER-ING, n. Version ; translation. Lowth.
* REN'DEZ-VoUS, (ren'de-vooz) n. [Fr. rendei vous,
render yourselves, repair to a place.} 1. A place appointed
for the assembling of troops, or the place where they as-
semble ; or the port or place where ships are ordered to
join company. 2. A place of meeting, or a sign that
draws men together. 3. An assembly ; a meeting.
[Rarely used.]
* REN'DEZ-VoUS, (ren'de-vooz) v. i. To assemble at a
particular place, as troops. Hook.
* REN'DEZ-VoUf5, (ren'de-vooz) v. t. To assemble or
bring together at a certain place. Echard.
* REN'DEZ-V5US-ING, ppr. Assembling at a particular
place.
REN'DI-BLE, a. 1. That may be yielded or surrendered.
2. That may be translated. [Little used.]
REN-DI"TION, n. [from render.] 1. The act of yielding
possession ; surrender. Fairfax. 2. Translation. South.
REN'E-GADE, ) n. [Sp., Port, renegado ; Fr. renegat.] 1.
REN-E-Ga'DO, S An apostate from the faith. 2. One
who deserts to an enemy ; a deserter. 3. A vagabond.
f RE-Ne6E'. v. t. [L. renetro.] To deny; to disown.
t RE-NeGE , V. i. To deny. Shak.
RE-NERVE', (re-nerv') v. t. [re and nerve.] To nerve
again ; to give new vigor to. J. Barlow.
RE-NERVED, (re-nervd') pp. Nerved anew.
RE-NERVING, ppr. Giving new vigor to.
SE-NEW, V. t. [L. renovo ; or re and new.] 1. To reno-
vate ; to restore to a former state, or to a good state, after
decay or depravation ; to rebuild ; to repair. 2. To re-
establish ; to confirm. 3. To make again. 4. To repeat.
5. To revive. 6. To begin again. 7. To make new ; to
make fresh or vigorous. — C. In theology, to make new ; to
renovate ; to transforni.
RE-NEVVA-BLE, a. That may be renewed. Swift.
RE-NEW'AT<, n. 1. The act of renewing , the act of form-
ing anew. 2. Renovation; regeneration. 3. Revival,
restoration to a former or to a good state.
RE-NEW'ED, (re-newd') pp. Made new again ; repaired ,•
re-established ; repeated ; revived ; renovated.
RE-NEW'ED-LY, adv. Anew ; again. United States.
JiE-NE W'ED-NESS, n. State of being renewed. Hammond
RE-NEW'ER, n. One who renews. Sherwood.
RE-NEW'ING, ppr. 1. Making new again ; repairing ; re-
establishing ; repeating ; reviving ; renovating. 2. a.
Tending or adapted to renovate.
RE-NEW'ING, n. The act of making new ; renewal.
REN'I-FORM, a. [L. renes, an&form.] Having the form or
shape of the kidneys. Kirwan.
* REN'I-TENCE, / n. [L. rcnitens.] 1. The resistance of
* REN'I-TEN-CY, ^ a body to pressure ; the eftort of
matter to resume the place or form from which it has been
driven by the impulse of other matter ; the eflect of elas-
ticity. 2. Moral resistance ; reluctance. Darwin.
* REN'I-TENT, a. Resisting pressure or the eflect of it ;
acting against impulse by elastic force. Ray.
REN'NET, n. [G. rinnen.] The concreted inilk found in
the stomach of a sucking quadruped, particularly of the
calf. It is also written runnet.
RENNET-ING ( "' -^ kind of apple. Mortimer.
RE-NOUNCE', (re-nouns') v. t. [Fr. renoncer; L. renundo.]
1. To disown ; to disclaim ; to reject, as a title oi claim ;
to refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to. 2. I'o
deny ; to cast off; to reject ; to disclaim. 3. To cast ofl'
or reject, as a connection or possession ; to forsake.
RE-NOUNCE', (re-nouns') v. i. 1. To declare a renuncia-
tion ; [obs.] — 2. in cards, not to follow suit, when the
person has a card of the same sort.
RE-NOUNCE', (re-nouns') m. The declining to follow suit,
when it can be done.
RE-NOUN'CED, (re-nounsf) pp. Disowned ; denied ; re-
jected ; disclaimed.
RE-NOUNCE'MENT, (re-nouns'ment) n. The act of dis-
claiming or rejecting"; renunciation. Shak.
RE-NOUN'CER, n. One who disowns or disclaims.
RE-NOUN'CING, ^;)r. Disowning; disclaiming; rejecting.
RE-NOUN'CING, n. The act of disowning, disclaiming
denying or rejecting.
REN'O-VATE, v.t, [L. renovo.] To renew; to restore to
the first state, or to a good state, after decay, destruction
or depravation.
RE^'0-VA-TED, pp. Renewed; made new, fresh or vig-
orous.
REN'0-VA-TING, ppr. Renewing.
REN-O-Va'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. renovatio.] 1. The act of
renewing ; a making new after decay, destruction or de-
pravation ; renewal. 2. A state of being renewed. Milton.
RE-NOWN', 7(. [Fr. renommee.] Fame; celebrity; exalted
reputation derived from the extensive praise of great
achievements or accomplishments.
RE-NOWN', V. t. To make famous. [L. u.] Dryden.
RE-NOWN'ED, (re-nownd') a. Famous ; celebrated for
great and heroic achievements, for distinguished qualities,
or for grandeur ; eminent. Dryden.
RE-NOVl^N'ED-LY, adv. With fame or celebrity.
RE-NO WN'LESS, a. With renown ; inglorious.
RENT, pp. oi rend. Torn asunder; split or burst by vio-
lence ; torn.
RENT, 7J. 1. A fissure ; a break or breach made by force.
2. A schism ; a separation.
RENT, V. t. To tear. See Rend.
t RENT, V. i. To rant. Hudibras.
RENT, n. [Fr. re7ite ; Sp. renta ; D., Dan., G. rente.] A
sum of money, or a certain amount of other valuable
thing, issuing yearly from lands or tenements; a compen-
sation or return, in the nature of an acknowledgment, for
the possession of a corporeal inheritance.
RENT, V. t. 1. To lease ; to grant the possession and en-
joyment of lands or tenements for a consideration in the
nature of rent. 2. To take and hold by lease the posses-
sion of land or a tenement, for a consideration in the na-
ture of rent.
RENT, V. i. To be leased, or let for rent.
RENT'A-BLE, a. That may be rented.
t RENT'A6E, n. Rent.
RENTAL, n. A schedule or account of rents.
RENT'ED, pp. Leased on rent.
RENT'ER, n. One who leases an estate ; more generally,
the lessee or tenant who takes an estate or tenement on
rent.
RENT'ER, V.t. [Fr. rentraire.] 1. To fine-draw ; to sew-
together the edges of two pieces of cloth without doubling
them, so that the seam is scarcely visible. — 2. In tapestry,
to work new warp into a piece of damaged tapestry, aiid
on this to restore the original pattern or design. 3. To
sew up artfully, as a rent.
RENT'ERED, pp. Fine-drawn ; sewed artfully together.
RENT'ER-ER, n. A fine-drawer.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, O Y Ion — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
RE.l'
691
REP
RENT'ER-ING, ppr. Fine-drawing ; sewing artfully to-
getlier.
RENT'ING, ppr. Leasing on rent ; taking on rent.
RENT'-RoLL, n. [rent and roll.] A rental j a list or ac-
count of rents or income.
* RE-NUN-CI-A'TION, 7i. [L. renunciatio.] The act of re-
nouncing ; a disowning ; rejection. Taylor.
t REN- VERSE', (ren-vers') v. t. [Fr. renverser.] To re-
verse.
REN- VERSE', a. In heraldry, inverted ; set with the head
djvvnward or contrary to the natural posture.
t REN-VERSE'MENT, n. The act of reversing.
J8,E-0B-Ta1N', v. t. [re and obtain.] To obtain again.
RE-OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained again.
RE-OB-TaIN'ED, (re-ob-taind') pp. Obtained again.
RE-OB- TaIN'ING, ppr. Obtaining again.
RE-OP-PqSE', V. t. To oppose again.
RE-0R-Da1N', v. t. [re and ordain ; Fr. reordonner.] To
ordain again, as when the first ordination is defective.
RE-0R-Da1N'£D, (re-or-daind') pp. Ordained again.
RE-OR-DaIN'ING, ppr Ordaining again.
RE-OR-D1-Na'TION, n. A second ordination.
RE-OR-GAN-I-Za'TION, n. The act of organizing anew.
RE-OR'GAN-IZE, v. t. [re and organize.] To organize
anew j to reduce again to a regular body, or to a sys-
"tem.
RE-OR'GAN-IZED, pp. Organized anew.
RE-OR'GAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Organizing anew.
RE-PAC'I-FlED, pp. Pacified or appeased again.
RE-PAC'I-FY, v.t. [re andi pacify.] To pacify again.
RE-PAC'I-Fy-ING, ppr. Pacifying again.
RE-Pi\€K', V. t. [re and pack.] To pack a second time ; as,
to repack beef or pork.
RE-PAGK'ED, (re-pakf) pp. Packed again.
RE-PA€K'ER, n. One that repacks.
RE-PA€K'ING, ppr. Packing anew.
RE-PaID', pp. of repay. Paid back.
RE-PAIR', V. t. [Fr. reparer ; L. reparo.] 1. To restore
to a sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapi-
dation or partial destruction. 2. To rebuild a part de-
cayed or destroyed ; to fill up. 3. To make amends, as
for an injury, by an equivalent ; to indemnify for.
RE-PAIR', n. Restoration to a sound or good state after
decay, waste, injury or partial destruction ; supply of
loss ; reparation.
RE-PAIR', V. i. [Fr. repairer.] To go to 3 to betake one's
self; to resort. Pope.
RE-PAIR', n. The act of betaking one's self to any place ;
a resorting ; abode. Dryden. '
RE-PAIR'A-BLE, a. That may be repaired ; reparable.
RE-PAIR'ED, (re-paird') pp. Restored to a good or sound
state ; rebuilt ; made good.
RE-PAIR ER, n. One who repairs or makes amends.
RE-PAIR'ING, ppr. Restoring to a sound state ; rebuilding ;
making amends for loss or injury.
RE-PAND', a. [L. repandns.] In botany, a repand leaf is
one, the rim of which is terminated by angles having
sinuses between them, inscribed in the segment of a circle.
RE-PAND'OUS, a. Bent upwards ; convexedlv crooked.
REP'A-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. reparahilis.] I. That may be
repaired or restored to a sound or good state. 2. That
may be retrieved or made good. 3. That may be supplied
by an equivalent.
REP'A-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner admitting of restora-
tion to a good state, or of amends, supply or indemnifi-
cation.
REP-A-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of repairing ; restoration
to soundness or a good state. 2. Supply of what is wast-
ed. 3. Amends ; indemnification for loss or damage. 4,
Amends ; satisfaction for injury.
RE-PAR'A-TiVE, a. That repairs ; restoring to a sound or
good state ; that amends defect or makes good.
SE-PAPv'A-TiVE, n. That which restores to a good state ;
that which makes amends. Wotton.
REP-AR-TEEi, K. [Fr. reparfie.] A smart, ready and witty
reply. Prior.
itEP-AR-TEE', V. i. To make smart and witty replies.
RE-PASS', V. t. [Fr. repasser ; re and pass.] To pass again ;
to pass or travel back. Pope.
RE-PaSS', v. i. To pass or go back ; to move back.
RE-PASS'ED, (re-pasf) pp. Passed or traveled back.
RE-PaSS'ING, ppr. Passing back.
RE-PaST', n. [Fr. repas, from repaUre ; L. re and pasco,
to feed.] 1. The act of taking food ; or the food taken ; a
meal. 2. Food ; victuals.
RE-FaST', i\t. To feed 3 to /east.
t RE-PaST'URE, n. Food ; entertainment. Shak.
f RE-PAT'Rl-ATE, or f R£-Pa'TRI-ATE, v. t. [Fr. re-
patrier ; re, and L. patria.] To restore to ojie's own home
or country. Cot^rrave.
RE-PAY', V. t. [Fr. repayer ; re and pa?/.] 1. To pay back ;
to refund. 2. To make return or requital, in a good or
bad sense. 3. To recompense, as for a loss. 4. To com-
pensate.
RE-PAY' A-BLE, a. That is to be repaid or refunded.
RE-PaY'ING, ppr. Paying back ; compensating ; requiting
RE-PaY'MENT, n. 1. The act of paying back ; reimburse-
meiit. 2. The money or other tiring repaid.
RE-PeAL', v. t. [Fr. rappelei ; L. appailo.] 1. To recall.
2. To recall, as a deed, will, law or statute j to revoke,
to abrogate by an authoritative act, or by the same power
that_made or enacted.
RE-PeAL', n. Recall from exile; [obs.] 2. Revocation;
abrogation.
RE-PEAL- A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being repealable
RE-PeAL'A-BLE, a. Capable of being repealed ; revocable
by the same pov/er that enacted.
RE-PeAL'ED, (re-peeld') pp. Revoked ; abrogated.
RE-PeAL'ER, 71. One that repeals.
RE-PeAL'ING, ppr. Revoking ; abrogating.
RE-PeAT', v. t. [Fr. repeter ; It. ripetere ; Sp. repetir ; L
repetc] 1. To do, make, attempt or utter again; to
iterate. 2. To try agam. 3. To recite ; to rehearse.
RE-PeAT', n. 1. In music, a mark directing a part to be
repeated in performance. 2. Repetition.
RE-PeAT'E.D, pp Done, attempted or spoken again ; re-
cited.
RE-PeAT'ED-LY, adv. More than once ; again and again,
indefinitely.
RE-PeAT'ER, n. 1. One that repeats ; one that recites O'"
rehearses. 2. A watch that strikes the hom^ at wUl, by
the compression of a spring. '
RE-PeAT'ING, ppr. Doing or uttering again.
t REP-E-DA'TION, n. [Low L. repedo.] A stepping or
going back. More.
RE-PEL', V. t. [L. repello.] 1. To drive back ; to force to
return ; to check advance. 2. To resist ; to oppose.
RE-PEL', V. i. 1. To act with force in opposition to force
impressed. — 2. In medicine, to check an afflux to a part of
the body.
RE-PEL'LED, (re-peld') pp. Driven back ; resisted.
RE-PEL'LEN-CY, n. 1. The principle of repulsion ; the
quality of a substance which expands or separates parti-
cles and enlarges the volume. 2. Tlie quality tliat repels
drives back or resists approach. 3. Repulsive quality.
RE-PEL'LENT, a. Driving back ; able or tending to repel
RE-PEL'LENT, n. In medicine, a medicine which drives
back morbid humors into the mass of the blood, from
which thev were undulv secreted ; a discutient.
RE-PEL'LER, n. He or that which repels.
RE-PEL'LIN^G, ppr. Driving back ; resisting approach.
Re'PENT, a. [ii.repo.] Creeping; as, a re^e/jt root.
RE-PENT', V. i. [Fr. repentir ; It. pentire, pentirsi ; Sp.
arrepentirse.] 1. To feel pain, sorrow or regret for some-
thing done or spoken. 2. To expiess sorrow for some-
thing past. 3. To change the mind in consequence of
the inconvenience or injury done by past conduct. — i.
.Applied to the Supreme Being, to change the course of
providential dealings. Gen. vl. — 5. In theology, to sorrow
or be pained for sin, as a violation of God's holy law, a
dishonor to his character and government, and the foulest
ingratitude to a Being of infinite benevolence.
RE-PENT', V. t. 1. To remember with sorrow. 2. With
the reciprocal pronoun ; [Fr. se repentir ;] Jer. viii. ; [obs.]
RE-PENT'ANCE, n. [Ft.] 1. Sorrow for any thing done
or said ; the pain or grief which a person experiences in
consequence of the injury or inconvenience produced by
his own conduct. — 2. In theology, real penitence ; sorrow
or deep contiition for sin, as an"ofFense and dishonor to
God, a violation of his holy law, and the basest ingrati-
tude towards a Being of infinite benevolence.
RE-PENT' ANT, a. [Fr.] I. Sorrowful for past conduct 01
words. 2. Sorrowful for sin. 3. Expressing or showing
sorrow for sin.
RE-PENT'ANT, n. 1. One who repents ; a penitent. 2.
One that expresses sorrow for sin. Lightfoot.
RE-PENT'EK, n. One that repents.
RE-PENT'ING, ppr. Grieving for what is past : feeling
pain or contrition for sin.
RE-PENT'ING, n. Act of repentuig. Hos.xl.
RE-PENT'ING-LY, adv. With repentance.
RE-PeO'PLE, v. t. [re and people ; Fr. repevpler.] To
people anew ; to furnish again with a stock of people.
RE-PeO'PLED, pp. Stocked anew with inhabitants.
RE-PeO PIJNG, ppr. Furnishing again with a stock of
inhabitants.
RE-PeOPLING, n. The act of furnishing again with in-
habitants. Hale.
RE-PER-CUSS', v. t. [L. repercutio.] To beat back.
RE-PER-CUS SION, n. [L. repercussio.] 1. The act of
driving back ; reverberation. — ^2. In music, frequent repe-
tition of the same sound.
RE-PER-€USS'IVE, a. 1. Driving back ; having the power
of sending back ; causing to reverberate. 2. Repellent ;
[obs.] 3. Driven back ; reverberated.
t RE-PER-€TJSS'IVE, n. A repellent. Bacon.
t RE-PER-Tl"TIOUS, a. [from L. repertus.] Found ;
gained by finding. Diet.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 5— BULL UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
REP
HEP
REP'ER-TO-RY, n. [Pr. repertoire ; L. repertorium.] 1.
A place in which things are disposed in an orderly man-
ner, so that they can be easily found, as the index of a
book, a common-place book, &c. 2. A treasury ; a mag-
azine.
REP-E-TEND', n. [L. repetendus.] The parts of decimals
continually repeated.
REP-E-Tl' TION, n. [L. repetitio.] 1. The act of doing or
uttering a second time ; iteration of the same act, or of
the same words or sounds. 2. The act of reciting or re-
hearsing ; the act of reading over. 3. Recital. 4. Recital
from memory. — 5. In music, the art of repeating, singing
or playing the same part a second time. — 6. In rhetoric,
reiteration, or a repeating the same word, or the same
sense in different words, for the purpose of making a
deeper impression on the audience.
REP-E-Ti"TION-AL, ) a. Containing repetition. [Little
REP-E-Tl"TION-A-RY, \ used.]
REP-E-Tl' TIOUS, a. Having repetitions. [Little used.]
RE-PINE', V. i. [re and pine.] I. To fret one's self; to be
discontented ; to feel inward discontent which preys on
the spirits. 2. To complain discontentedly ; to murmur.
3. To envy.
RE-PIN'ER, 71. One that re[^nes or murmurs.
RE-PlN'ING, ppr. 1. Fretting one's self; feeling discon-
tent that preys on the spirits ; complaining ; murmuring.
2. a_. Disposed to murmur or complain.
RE-PIN 'ING, 11. The act of fretting or feeling discontent or
of niurmuring. Burnet.
RE-PlN'ING-LY, adv. With murmuring or complaint. Hall.
RE-PLaCE', v. t. [Fi. replacer j re and place.] 1. To put
again in the former place. 2. To put in a new place. 3.
To repay ; to refund. 4. To put a competent substitute
in the place of another displaced or of something lost.
RE-PLa'CED, (re-plasf) pp. Put again in a former place ;
supplied by a substitute.
, RE-PLaCE'MENT, 11. The act of replacing.
RE-PLa'CING, ppr. Putting again in a former place ; sup-
plying the place of with a substitute.
RE-PLaIT', v. t. [re ami plait.] To plait or fold again; to
fold one part over another again and again. Drydeii.
RE-PLaIT'ED, pp. Folded again or often.
RE-PLaIT'ING, ppr. Folding again or often.
RE-PLANT', V. t. [Fr. replauter.] To plant again.
RE-PLANT'A-BLE, a. That may be planted again.
RE-PLAN-Ta'TION, 11. The act of planting again.
RE-PLANT'ED, vp. Planted anew.
RE-PLANTTNG, ppr. Planting again.
RE-PLeAD', v. t. [re and plead.] To plead again.
RE-PLeAD'ER, 71. In law, a second pleading or course of
/ pleadings; or the power of pleading again.
RE-PLEN'ISH, v. t. [Norm, replencr.] 1. To fill ; to stock
with numbers or abundance. 2. To finish ; to complete ;
[obs.]
RE-PLEN'ISH, V. i. To recover former fullness. Bacon.
RE-PLEN'ISHED, pp. Filled ; abundantly supplied.
RE-PLEN'ISH-ING, ppr. Filling; supplying with abun
dance.
RE-PLeTE', a. [L. repletus.] Completely filled ; full.
RE-PLe'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. repletio.] 1. The state of being
completely filled ; or superabundant fullness. — 2. In medi-
cine, fullness of blood ; plethora.
RE-PLe'TIVE, a. Filling; replenishing. Cotgrave.
f RE-PLe'TIVE-LY, adv. So as to be filled.
RE-PLEV'I-A-BLE, a. In law, that may be replevied.
RE-PLEV'IED, pp. Taken by a writ of replevin.
RE-PLEVIN, 71. 1. An action or remedy granted on a
distress, by which a persOii whose cattle or goods are dis-
trained, has them returned to his own possession upon
giving security to try the right of taking in a suit at law,
and if that should be determined against him, to return
the cattle or goods into the possession of the distrainor.
2. The writ by which a distress is replevied.
RE-PLEV'I-SA-BLE, a. That may be replevied.
RE-PLEV'Y, v. t. [re and pledge ; Law L. replegiare.^ 1.
To take back, by a writ for that purpose, cattle or goods
that have been distrained, upon giving security to try the
right of distraining in a suit at law, and if that should be
determined against the plaintiff, to return the cattle or
goods into the hands of the distrainor. 2. To bail.
RE-PLEVYf-TNG, ppr Retaking a distress.
REP-LI-Ca'TION, 11. [L. replicatio.] 1. An answer; a
reply. Particularly, 2. In lato pleadings, the reply of
the plaintiff to the defendant's plea. 3. Return or reper-
cussion of sound; [obs.]
RE-PLl'ER, 71. One who answers ; he that speaks or writes
in return to something spoken or written.
RE-PL"?', 7>. i. [Fr.repliquer ; li. replico ; It. replicare : Sp.
replicar.] 1. To answer ; to make a return in words or
writing to something said or written by another. — 2. In
law, to answer a defendant's plea.
RE-PLY', V. t. To return fot an answer.
RE-PL^Y', 71. [Fr. repliqiie , It. replica.] 1. An answer ;
that which is said or wriUen in answer to what is said or
written by another. 9. A book or pamphlet written in
answer to another.
RE-PLY'ING, ppr. Answering either in words or writing
RE-POL'ISH, V. t. [Fr. repolir ; re and polish.] To polisJi
again. Donne.
RE-POL'ISHED, pp. Polished again.
RE-POL'ISH-ING, ppr. Polishing anew.
RE-PoRT', V. t. [Fr. rapporter ; L. reyorto.] 1. To beai
or bring back an answer, or to relate what has been dis-
covered by a person sent to examine, explore or investi-
gate. 2. To give an account of; to relate ; to tell. 3. To
tell or relate from one to another ; to circulate publicly, as
a story. 4. To give an official account or statement. 5
To give an account or statement of cases and decisions in
a court of law or chancery. 6. To return, as sound ; to
give back. — To be reported, or to be reported of, to be well
or ill spoken of.
RE-PoRT', V. i. To make a statement of facts.
RE-PoRT', 71. 1. An account returned ; a statement or re-
lation of facts given in reply to inquiry, or by a person
authorized to examine and make return to liis employer.
2. Rumor ; common fame ; story circulated. 3. Repute ;
public character. 4. Account ; story ; relation. 5.
Sound ; noise. 6. An account or statement of a judicial
opinion or decision, or of a case argued and determined
in a court of law, chancery, &c. 7. An official statement
of facts, verbal or written ; particularly, a statement in
writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to
his superiors.
RE-PoRT'ED, pp. Told, related or stated in answer to in-
quiry or direction ; circulated in popular rumors ; reputed
stated officially.
RE-PoRT'ER, n. 1. One that gives an account, verbal or
written, official or unofficial. 2. An officer or person who
makes statements of law proceedings and decisions, or
of legislative debates.
RE-PoRT'ING, ppr. Giving account ; relating ; presenting
statements of facts or of adjudged cases in law.
RE-PoRT'ING-LY, adv. By report or common fame.
RE-PoS'AL, 71. The act of reposing or resting. Shak.
fRE-PoS'ANCE, 71. Reliance. J.Hall.
RE-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. reposer; It. riposare ; Sp. reposar.]
1. To lay at rest. 2. To lay ; to rest, as the mind, in
confidence or trust. 3. To lay up ; to deposit ; to lodge.
4. Tjo place in confidence.
RE-PoSE', V. i. 1. To lie at rest ; to sleep. 2. To rest in
confidence. 3. To lie ; to rest.
RE-PoSE', n. [Fr. repos.] 1. A lying at rest. 2. Sleep;
rest ; quiet. 3. Rest of mind ; tranquillity ; freedom from
uneasiness. 4. Cause of rest. — 5. In poetry, a rest ; a
pause. — 6. In painting, harmony of colors, as when
nothing glaring appears. Oilpin.
RE-PoS'ED, (re-p6zd') pp. Laid at rest ; placed in confi-
dcncG
RE-POS'ED-NESS, n. State of being at rest.
RE-PoS'ING, ppr. Laying at rest; placing in confidence :
lying at rest ; sleeping.
RE-POS'IT, V. t. [L. repositv^.] To lay up ; to lodge, as
for safety or preservation. Derham.
RE-POS'IT-ED, pp. Laid up ; deposited for safety or pres-
ervation.
RE-POS'IT-ING, ppr. Laying up or lodging for safety or
preservation.
RE-PO-Sl"TION, 71. The act of replacing. Wiseman.
RE-POST-TO-RY, n [L. repositorium.] A place where
things are or may be deposited for safety or preservation.
RE-POS-SESS', V. t. [re and possess.] To possess again.—
To repossess one\t self, to obtain possession again.
RE-POS-SESS'ED, (re-pos-sesf) pp Possessed again.
RE-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Possessing again ; obtaining pos-
session again.
RE-POS-SES'SION, n The act of possessing again ; the
state of possessing again.
RE-PoUR', V. t. [re and pour.] To pour again.
REP-RE-HEND', t>. «. [h. reprehendo ; Ft. reprendre.] L
To chide ; to reprove. 2. To blame ; to censure. 3. To
detect of fallacy ; [obs.] 4. To accuse ; to charge with a
fault. Bacon
REP-RE-HEND'ED, pp. Reproved ; blamed. -
REP-RE-HENDER, n. One that reprehends; one that
blames or reproves. Hooker.
REP-RE -HEND'ING, ppr. Reproving ; blaming.
REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. reprehensus.] Hamable ;
culpable ; censurable ; deserving reproof.
REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; culpable-
REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLY, adv. Culpably ; in a manner to de-
serve censure or reproof.
REP-RE-HEN'SION, n. [Fr.; L. reprchensio.] Reproof;
censure ; open blame.
REP-RE-HEN'SIVE, a. Containing reproof. South.
REP-RE-HEN'SO-RY, a. Containing reproof. Boswell.
REP-RE-SENT', v. t. [Fr. representer ; L. reprcBsento.] 1.
To show or exhibit by resemblance. 2. To describe ; to
f>» ^^ivwsis. A,E, I, O, tJ, Y, long.—FAVi, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— ■? Obsolete
REP
693
REP
exhibit to the mind in words. 3. To exhibit ; to show by
action. 4. To personate ; to act the character or to fill the
place of another in a plaj'. 5. To supply the place of; to
act as a substitute for another. 6. To show by argu-
ments, reasoning or statement of facts. 7. To stand in
the place of, in the right of inheritance.
REP-RE-SENT'ANCE, n. Representation ; likeness.
*REP-RE-SENT'ANT, 71. A representative. Wotton.
UEP-RE-SENT-A'TION, n. 1. The act of representing,
describing or showing. 2. That which exhibits by re-
semblance j image, likeness, picture or statue. 3. Any
exhibition of the form or operations of a thing by some-
thing resembling it. 4. Exhibition, as of a play on the
stage. 5. Exhibition of a character in theatrical per-
formance. 6. Verbal description ; statement of arguments
or facts. 7. The business of acting as a substitute for
another. 8. Representatives, as a collective body. 9.
Public exhibition. 10. The standing in the place of ano-
ther, as an heir, or in the right of taking by inheritance.
KEP-RE-SENT'A-TlVE, a. [Fr. representatif.] 1. Exhib-
iting a similitude. 2. Bearing the character or power of
another.
REP-RE-SENT' A-TlVE, n. 1. One that exhibits the like-
ness of another. — 2. In legislative or other business, an
agent, deputy or substitute who supplies the place of
another or others, being invested with his or their author-
ity. — 3. In law, one that stands in the place of another
as lieir, or in the right of succeeding to an estate of in-
heritance, or to a crown. 4. That by which any thing
is exhibited or shown.
REP-RE-SENT' A-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. In the character of
another; by a representative. 2. By substitution; by
delegation of power.
REP-RE-SENT' A-TIVE-NESS, n. The state or quality of
being representative. Spectator.
REP-RE-SENT'ED, pp. Shown ; exhibited ; personated ;
described ; stated ; having substitutes.
REP-RE-SENT'ER, n. 1. One who shows, exhibits or de-
scribes. 2. A representative ; one that acts by deputation ;
[little used.]
REP-RE-SENT'ING, ppr. Showing ; exhibiting ; de-
scribing ; acting in another's character.
REP-RE-SENT'MENT, n. Representation; image; an
idea proposed as exhibiting the likeness of something.
UE-PRESS', ?;. t. [h. repressus.] 1. To crush; to quell; to
put down ; to subdue ; to suppress. 2. To check ; to
restrain.
f RE-PRESS', 11. The act of subduing.
ilE-PRESS'ED, (re-presf) p;). Crushed; subdued.
RE-PRESS'ER, n. One that crushes or subdues.
RE-PRESS'ING, p2>r. Crushing; subduing; checking.
RE-PRES'SION, 71. 1. The act of subduing. 2. Check ; re-
straint.
RE-PRESS'IVE, a. Having power to crush ; tending to
subdue or restrain.
t RE-PRIe'VAL, 71. Respit ; reprieve. Overbury.
RE-PRIkVE', v. t. [Fr. reprendre, repris.] 1. To respit af-
ter sentence of death ; to suspend or delay the execution
of for a time, 2. To grant a respit to ; to relieve for a
time from any suffering.
RE-PRIeVE', 71. 1. The temporary suspension of the exe-
cution of sentence of death on a criminal. 2. Respit;
interval of ease or relief.
RE-PRIeV'ED, (re-preevd') pp. Respited ; allowed a longer
time to live than the sentence of death permits.
RE-PRIeV'ING, ppr. Respiting; suspending the execu-
tion of for a time.
REP'RI-MAND, v. t. [Fr. reprimander.] 1. To reprove
severely ; to reprehend ; to chide for a fault. 2. To re-
prove publicly and officially, in execution of a sentence.
REP'RI-MAND, n. Severe reproof for a fault; reprehen-
sion, private or public. Spectator.
REP'RI-MAND-ED, pp. Severely reproved.
REP'RI-MAND-ING, ppr. Reproving severely.
RE-PRINT', V. t. [re and pnnt.] 1. To print again ; to print
a second or any new edition. Pope. 2. To renew the im-
pression of any thing. South.
Re'PRINT, n. A second or a new edition of a book.
RE-PRINT'ED, pj>. Printei anew; impressed again.
RE-PRINT'ING, ;>pr. Priiiiiig again; renewing an im-
pression.
RE-PRTS'AL, 71. [Fr. represailles ; It. ripresaglia ; Sp.
represalia ] 1. The seizure or taking of any thing from
an enemy by way of retaliation or indemnification for
tomething taken or detained by him. 2. That which is
taken from an enemy to indemnify an owner for some-
thing of his which the enemy has seized. 3. Recaption.
4. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffer-
ing or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation
of an act of inhumanity. Vattel.
t REPRISE', 71. [Fr.] A taking by way of retaliation.
RE-PRlSE', v.t. 1. To take again. Spenser. 2. To recom-
pense ; to pay. Grant.
RE-PRIZ'ES, n. plu. In law, yearly deductions out ot a
manor, as rent-charge, rent-seek, &c. Jones.
RE-PRoACH', V. t. [Fr. reprocher ; It. rimprocciare.] 1. To
censure in terms of opprobrium or contempt. 2. To
charge with a fault in severe language. 3. To upbraid ;
to suggest blame for any thing. 4. To treat with scorn or
contempt. Luke vi.
RE-PRoACH', n. 1. Censure mingled with contempt or
derision ; contmnelious or opprobrious language towards
any person ; abusive reflections. 2. Shame ; infamy ;
disgrace. 3. Object of contempt, scorn or derision. 4.
That which is the cause of shame or disgrace. Oen. xxx.
RE-PR6ACH'A-BLE, a. 1. Deserving reproach. 2. Op-
probrious ; scurrilous; [not proper.] Elyut.
RE-PRoACH'ED, (re-prochf) pp. Censured in terms of
contempt ; upbraided.
RE-PRoACH'FUL, a. 1. Expressing censure wiiii con-
tempt ; scurrilous ; opprobrious. 2. Shameful ; bringing
or cashing reproach ; infamous ; base ; vile.
RE-PROACH'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In terms of reproach ; op-
probriously ; scurrilously. 1 Tim. v. 2. Shamefully; dis-
gracefully ; contemptuously.
REP'RO-BATE, a. [E. reprubatus.] 1. Not enduring proof
or trial : not of standard purity or fineness ; disallowed ;
rejected. 2. Abandoned iu sin ; lost to virtue or grace.
3. Abandoned to error, or in apostasy.
REP'RO-BATE, n. A person abandoned to sin ; one lost
to virtue and religion. Raleigh.
REP'RO-BATE, v.t. 1. To disapprove with detestation or
marks of extreme dislike ; to disallow ; to reject. It ex-
presses more than disapprove or disallow. We disapprove
of slight faults and improprieties ; we reprobate what is
mean or criminal. 2. In a milder sense, to disallow. 3.
To abandon to wickedness and eternal destruction. 4. To
abandon to his sentence, without hope of pardon.
REP'RO-BA-TED, pp. Disapproved with abhorrence; re-
jected ; abandoned to wickedness or to destruction.
REP'RO-BATE-NESS, n. The state of being reprobate.
REP'RO-BA-TER, n. One that reprobates.
REP'RO-BA-TING, ppr. Disapproving with extreme dis-
like ; rejecting ; abandoning to wickedness or to destruc-
tion.
REP-RO-Ba'TION, 7K [¥y.; L.. reprobatio.] 1. The act of
disallowing with detestation, or of expressing extreme
dislike. 2. The act of abandoning or state of being aban-
doned to eternal destruction. 3. A condemnatory sen-
tence; rejection.
REP-RO-Ba'TION-ER, 7j. One who abandons others tc
eternal destruction. South.
RE-PRO-DuCE', V. t. [re and produce.] To produce again
to renew the production of a thing destroyed.
RE-PRO-Du'CED, (re-pro-dusf) pp. Produced anew.
RE-PRO-Du'CER, n. One or thativhich reproduces.
RE-PRO-DtJ'CING, ppr. Producing anew.
RE-PRO-DU€'TION, n. The act or process of reproducing
that which has been destroyed.
RE-PROOF', 71. [from reprove.] 1. Blame expressed to the
face ; censure for a fault ; reprehension. 2. Blame'cast ;
censure directed to a person.
RE-PRoV'A-BLE, a. [from reprove.] Worthy of reproof;
deserving censure ; blamable. Taylor.
RE-PRoVE', V. t. [Fr. reprouvr-r : L. reprobo.] 1. To
blame ; to censure. 2. To charge with a fault to the face ;
to chide ; to reprehend. Luke iii. 3. To blame for. 4. To
convince of a fault, or to make it manffest. John xvi.
5. To refute ; to disprove ; [obs.] 6. To excite a sense of
guilt. 7. To manifest silent disapprobation or blame.
RE-PR(3V'ED, (re-proovd') pp. Blamed; reprehended ; con
vinced of a fault.
RE-PR5V'ER, 77. One that reproves ; he or that which
blames. South.
RE-PROVING, ppr. Blaming ; censuring.
RE-PRuNE', V. t. [re and prune.] To prune a second
time._
RE-PRuN'ED, pp. Pruned a second time.
RE-PRUN'ING, ppr. Pruning a second time.
REPTILE, a. [Fr.; L. reptilis.] 1. Creeping; moving on
the belly, or with many small feet. 2. Groveling ; low;
vulgar.
REP'TiLE, 7!. 1. An animal that moves on its belly, or by
means of small, short legs, as earth-worms, caterpillars,
snakes and the like. 2. A groveluig or very mean per-
son ; a term of contempt.
RE-PUB'LI€, 77. [Li. respitblica.] 1. A commonwealth; a
state in which the exercise of the sovereign power is
lodged in representatives elected by the people. 2. Com-
mon interest ; the public ; [obs.] — Republic of letters, the
collective body of learned men.
RE-PUB'LI-€AN, a. 1. Pertaining to a republic ; consisting
of a commonwealth. 2. Consonant to the principles of a
republic.
RE-PUB'LI-CAN, n. One who favors or prefers a republican
form of government.
RE-PUB'LI-eAN-ISM, n. I. A republican form or systeirj
• See Synopsis. M5VE, BQQK, D6VfJ j— BIJIjL, UNITE.^e as K j 6 as J ; S asZ ; CB as SH j TH as in ai*. t Obs»lete
REQ
694
RES
of government. 2. Attachment to a republican form of
government.
IIE-PUB'LI-GAN iZE, v. t. To convert to republican prin-
ciples. Ramsay.
RE-PUB-LI-Ca'TION, m. {re B.nA publication.'] 1. A second
publication, or a new publication of something before
published. 2. A second publication, as of a former will j
renewah
RE-PUB'LISHj V. t. [re and publish.] 1, To publish a sec-
ond time, or to publish a new edition of a work before
published. 2. To publish anew.
RE-PUB'LISHEDj pp. Published anew.
RE-PUB LISH-ER, 7t. One ■ivho republishes.
RE-PUB'LISH-ING, ppr. Publisliing again.
RE-Pu'DI-A-BLE, a. [from repudiate.] That may be re-
jected ; fit or proper to be put away.
RE-PU'DI-ATE, V. t. [Fr. repudier ; L. repudio.] I. To cast
away j to reject ; to discard. 2. Appropriately, to put
away ; to divorce, as u wife.
RE-Pu'DI-A-TED, p;;. Cast ofFj rejected; discarded; di-
vorced.
RE-Pu'DI-A-TING,^;?r. Casting off; rejecting; divorcing.
RE-PU-DI-A'TION, w. [Fr.; L. repudiatio.'^- 1. Rejection.
2. Divorce. Arbiithnot.
fRE-PuGN', (re-pune') n. [L. repugm.] To oppose; to
resist.
RE-PLTG'NANCE, ) n. [Fr. repugnance ; It. ripugnama ;
RE-PUG'NAN-CY, \ L. repugnantia.] I. Opposition of
inind ; reluctance ; unwillingness. 2. Opposition or
struggle of passions; resistance. 3. Opposition of prin-
ciples or qualities ; inconsistency ; contrariety.
RE-PUG'NANT, a. [Fr.; L. repugnans.] 1. Opposite;
contrary ; inconsistent. 2. Disobedient ; not obsequious ;
[obs.]
RE-PUG'NANT-LY, adv. With opposition; in contradic-
tion. Brown.
RE-PUL'LU-LATE, v. i. [L. re and pullulo.] To bud
again. Hoioell.
RE-PUL-LU-La'TION, 71. The act of budding again.
RE-PULSE', (re-puls') n. [L. repulsa.] 1. A being checked
in advancing, or driven back by force. 2. Refusal ; de-
nial.
RE-PULSE', V, i. [L, repulsus.] To repel ; to beat or drive
back. Milton.
RE-PULS'ED, (re-pulsf) pp. Repelled ; driven back.
RE-PULS'ER, n. One that repulses or drives back.
RE-PULS'ING, ppr. Driving back.
RE-PUL'SION, n. 1. In physics, the power of repelling or
driving off; that property of bodies which causes them to
recede from each other or avoid coming in contact. 2. The
act of repelling.
RE-PULS'IVE, a. 1. Repelling; driving off, or keeping
from approach. 2. Cold"; reserved ; forbidding.
RE-PULS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being repulsive or
forbidding.
RE-PULS'O-RY, a. Repulsive ; driving back.
RE-PUR'CHASE, v. t. [re and jJurchase.] To buy again ;
to buy back ; to regain by purchase or expense.
RE-PUR'CHASE, n. The act of buying again ; the pur-
chase again of what has been sold.
RE-PUR'CHASED, pp. Bought back or again ; regained by
expense. Shak.
RE-PUR'CHAS-ING, ppr. Buying back or again ; regain-
ing by tlie payment of a price.
REP'U-TA-BLE, a. 1. Being in good repute; held in es-
teem ; as, a reputable man or character ; reputable conduct.
It expresses less than respectable and honorable, denoting
the good opinion of men, without distinction or great
qualities. 2. Consistent with reputation ; not mean or
disgraceful.
REP'U-TA-BLE-NESS, v. The quality of being reputable.
REPU-TA-BLY, adv. With reputation; without disgrace
or discredit.
REP-U-Ta'TION, n. [Fr.; L. reputatio.] 1. Good name ;
the credit, honor or character which is derived from a
favorable public opinion or esteem. 2. Character by re-
port; in a good or bad sense.
RE-PuTE', V. t. [L. reputo ; Fr. repvter.] To think ; to ac-
count; to hold ; to reckon. Shak.
RE-PuTE', n. Reputation ; good character ; the credit or
honor derived from common or public opinion. 2. Char-
acter ; in a bad sense. 3. Established opinion.
RE-PuT'ED, pp. Reckoned; accounted.
RE-PuT'SD-LY, adv. In common opinion or estimation.
RE-PuTE'LESS, a. Disreputable ; disgraceful.
RE-PuT'ING, pp?-. Thinking; reckoning; accounting.
RE-aUEST , 71. [Fr. requite ; L. reguisitus ; Sp. requesta.]
1. The expression of desire to some person for something
to be granted or done ; an asking ; a petition. 2. Prayer ;
the expression of desire to a superior or to the Almighty.
PhU. iv, 3. The thing asked fur or requested. 4. A state
of being desu-ed or held in such estimation as to be sought
after or pursued. — In request, in demand ; in credit or
reputation.
RE-aUEST', V. t. [Fr. requiter.] 1. To ask ; to solicit , lO
express desire for. 2. To express desire to; to ask. 2 A
court of conscience for the recovery of small debts, held
by two aldermen and four commoners, who try causes by
the oath of parties and of other witnesses.
RE-aUEST'ED, pp. Asked ; desured ; solicited.
RE-Q,UEST'ER, n. One who requests ; a petitioner.
RE-aUEST'ING, ppr. Asking; petitioning.
RE-aUICK'EN, V. t. [re and quicken.] To reanimate ; to
give new life to. Shak.
RE-aUI€K'ENED, pp. Reanimated.
RE-Q.UI€K'EN-Ii\G, ppr. Reanimating; invigorating.
Re'Q,UI-EM, n. [L.] In the Romish church, a hynm or
mass sung for the dead, foi- the rest of his soul ; so called
from the first word. 2. Rest ; quiet ; peace ; [obs.]
t RE-dUl'E-TO-RY, n. [Low L. requietGrlum?] A sepul-
chre. _
RE-GtUlR'A-BLE, a. [from require.] That may be requir
ed ; fit or proper to be demanded. Hale.
RE-Q,UlRE', V. t. [L. requiro ; Fr., Sp. rcquerir.] 1. To
demand ; to ask, as of right and by authority. 2. I'o
claim ; to render necessary. 3. To ask as a favor ; to re-
quest. 4. To call to account for. Ezek. xxxiv. 5. To
make necessary ; to need ; to demand. 1 Sam. xxi. 6. To
avenge ; to take satisfaction for. 1 Sam. xx.
RE-U,UlR'ED, (re-quird') pp. Demanded; needed; neces
sary. _
RE-aUlRE'MENT, n. Demand ; requisition. Scott.
RE-Q,UlR'ER, n. One who requires.
RE-dUlR'ING, ppr. Demanding ; needing.
REQ,'UI-SlTE, (rek'we-zit) a. [L. requisitu^.] Required by
the nature of things or by circumstances; necessary; so
needful that it cannot be dispensed with.
REa'UI-SlTE, n. That which is necessary; seraethiug
indispensable.
REQ,'UI-SiTE-LY, adv. Necessarily ; in a requisite man-
ner. Boyle.
REQl'UI-SiTE-NESS, n. The state of being requisite or
necessary ; necessity. Boyle.
REa-UI-Sli'TION, n. [Fr.; It. rcquisizione.] Demand ; ap
plication made as of right.
RE-QUIS'I-TiVE, a. Expressing or implying demand.
RE-aUIS'I-TO-RY, a. Sought for ; demanded. [L. u.]
RE-ClUl'TAL, 71. [ixom. requite^ 1. Return for any office,
good or bad ; in a good sense, compensation ; recompense.
2. Return ; reciprocal action. Waller.
RE-GlUlTE', V. t. [from quit ; Ir. cuitighim.] I. To repay
either good or evil ; in a good sense., to recompense ; to
return an equivalent in good ; to reward. 2. To do or
give in return.
RE-Q,UlT'ED, pp. Repaid; recomi)ensed ; rewarded.
RE-aUIT'ER, n. One who requites.
RE-Q,UlT'ING, ppr. Recompensing ; rewarding ; giving in
return.
ReRE'-MOUSE, n. [Sax. hreremus,] A bat.
RE-RE-SOLVE'. Cre-re-zolv') v. t. To resolve a second
time.
RkRE'-WARD, 71. [rear and ward.] The part of an army
that marches in the rear, as the guard ; the rear-guard.
RE-SAIL', V. t. or t. [re and sail.] To sail back. Pope.
RE-SALE', 71. [re and sale.] 1. A sale at second hand. 2.
A second sale ; a sale of what was before sold to the pos-
sessor.
RE^A-LuTE', 75. t. [L. resaluto ; Fr. resaluer.] 1. To sa
lute or greet aiiew. 2. To return a salutation.
RE-SA-LOT'ED, pp. Saluted agam.
RE-SA-LUT'ING, ppr. Saluting anew.
RE-SCIND', V. t. [L. rescindo ; Fr. rescinder.] 1. To ab-
rogate ; to revoke ; to annul ; to vacate an act by the
enacting authority or by superior authority. 2. To cut
off; [obs.]
RE-SCIS'SION, (re-sizh'un) n. [Fr. rescision ; L. rescissus.]
1. The act of abrogating, annulling or vacating. 2. A
cutting off.
RE-SCIS'SO^RY, a. [Fr. rescisoire.] Having power to cut
offer to abrogate. Selden.
RES'COUS, in law. See Rescue.
RE-SCRTBE', v. t. [L. rescnbo.] 1. To write back. 2. To
write over again.
Re'SCRIPT, n. [L. rescriptum.] The answer of an empe-
ror, when consulted by particular persons on some diffi-
cult question.
t RE-SCRIP'TION, 71. The act of writing back, or of an-
swering a letter in writing. Loveday.
RE-SCRIPT'IVE-LY, adv. By rescript. [Unusual.] Burke.
RES'€U-A-BLE, a. That may be rescued. Oayton.
RES'CUE, (res'ku) v. t. [Norm, rescure ; Fr. recourre, rr-
cous ,• It. riscattare.] To free or deliver from any confine-
ment, danger or evil ; to liberate from restraint.
RES'CUE, n. 1. Deliverance from restraint, violence or
danger, by force or by the interference of an agent.— 2.
In law, rescue or rescous, the forcible retaking of a lawful
distress from the distrainor, or from the custody of the
law.
* See Syoopsis. R E. T, O, tJ, Y, long.—FXB., FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y ;— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ; - f Obsolete
RES
695
RES
fi fc:S'€fJED, pp. Delivered from confinement or danger.
EES€U-ER, u. One that rescues or retakes. KeiiU
BES'€U-ING, ppr. Liberating from restraint or danger.
KE-SEARCH', (re-serch') n. [Fr. recherche.] Diligent in-
quiry or examination in seeking facts or principles j labo-
rious or continued search after truth.
RE-SEARCH', (re-serch') v.t. [Fr. rechercher.] 1. To
search or examine with continued care ; to seek diligent-
ly for the truth. 2. To search again ; to examine anew.
RE-SEARCH'ER, (re-serch'er) n. One who diligently in-
quires or examines.
RE-SeAT'j v. t. [re and seat.] To seat or set again.
RE-SeAT'ED, pp. Seated again.
RE-SEATiIi\G,p/>/-. Seating again.
SE-SE€'TI0N, 71. [L. resectio, rtseco.] The act of cutting
or paring off. Cotgrave,
RE-SEEK', V. t. ; pret. and pp. resought. To seek again.
RE-SeIZE', '«. t. [re and seize.] 1. To seize again ; to
seize a second time. — 2. In lain, to take possession of
lands and tenements which have been disseized.
RE-SeIZ'ED, (re-seezd') pp. Seized again.
RE-SeIZ'ER, 7i. One who seizes again.
RE-SeIZ'ING, ppr. Seizing again.
RE-SeIZ'URE, (re-s5'zhur) n. A second seizure ; the act
of seizing again. Bacon.
RE-SELL', V. t. To sell again.
t RE-SEM'BLA-BLE, a. That may be compared.
RE-SEM'BLANCE, n. [Fr. ressemblance.] 1. Likeness j
similitude, either of external form or of qualities. 2.
Something similar 5 similitude; representation.
RE-SEM'BLE, v. t. [Fr. resseml/ler ; It. rassernbrare.] 1,
To have the likeness of; to bear the similitude of some-
thing, either in form, ligure or qualities. 2. To liken ; to
compare ; to represent as like something else.
RE-SEM'BLED, pp. Likened ; compared.
RE-SEM'BLING, ppr. Having the likeness of; likening;
comparing.
RE-SEND', V. t. ; pret. and pp. resent, [re and send.] To
send again ; to send back. Shak.
RE-SENT', V. t. [Fr. ressentir.] 1. To take well ; to re-
ceive with satisfaction ; [obs.] 2. To take ill ; to consid-
er as an injury or affront ; to be in some degree angry or
provoked at.
RE-SENT'ED, pp. Taken ill ; being angry at.
RE-SENT'ER, M, 1. One who resents; one that feels an
injury deeply. 2. In the sense of one that takes a thing
well ; [obs.]
RE-SENT'FUL, a. Easily provoked to anger; of an irrita-
ble temoer.
RE-SENT'ING, ppr. Taking ill ; feeling angry at.
RE-SENT'ING-LY, adv. 1. With a sense of wrong or af-
front ; with a degree of anger. 2. With deep sense or
strong perception; [obs.]
RE-SENT'IVE, a. Easily provoked or irritated ; quick to
feel an injury or affroRt. Thomson.
RE-SENT'MENT, ?;. [Fr. ressentiment ; It. risevtimevto.]
.1. The excitement of passion which proceeds from a sense
of wrong offered to ourselves, or to those who are con-
nected witli us ; anger. 2. Strong perception of good ;
[obs.] More.
RES-ER-VA'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. reservo.] 1. The act of
reserving or keeping back or in the mind ; reserve ; con-
cealment or withholding from disclosure. 2. Something
withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given
up or brought forw-ard. 3. Custody ; state of being treas-
ured up or kept in store. — 4. In laic, a clause or part of
an instrument by which something is reserved, not con-
ceded or granted ; also, a proviso. — Jvlental reservation is
the withholding of expression or disclosure of something
that affects a proposition or statement, and which, if dis-
closed, would materially vary Its import.
RE-i?ERV'A-TlVE, a. Keeping ; reserving.
RE-SERV'A-TO-RY, v.. [from reserve.] A place in which
things are reserved or kept. Woodward. '
RE-SERVE', (re-zerv') v. t. [Fr. reseroer j L. reservo.] 1.
To keep in store for future or other use ; to withhold from
present use for another purpose. 2. To keep ; to hold ;
to retain. 3. To lay up and keep for a future time.
9 Pet. ii.
RE-SERVE', 71. 1. That w^hich is kept for other or future
use ; that which is retained from present use or disposal.
2. Something in the mind withheld from disclosure. 3.
Exception ; something withheld. 4. Exception in favor.
5. Restraint of freedom in words or actions ; backward-
ness ; caution in personal behavior. — 6. In law, reserva-
tion. — In reserve, in store ; in keeping for other or future
use. — Bodij of reserve, in military affairs, the third or last
line of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to sustain
the other lines as occasion may require ; a body of troops
kept for an exigency.
RE-SERVED, (re-zervd') pp. 1. Kept for another or future
use ; retained. 2. a. Restrained from freedom in words
or actions ; backward in conversation ; not free or frank.
RE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. 1. With reserve ; with backward-
ness ; not with openness or frankness. 2. Scrupulously ;
cautiously ; coldly. Pope.
RE-SERV'ED-NESS, n. Closeness; want of frankness
openness or freedom. South.
PE-SERV'ER, ?i. One that reserves.
RE-SERVING, ppr. Keeping back ; keeping for other use
or for use at a future time ; retaining.
RES-ER-VOIR', (rez-er-vwor') n. [Fr.] A plaoe where any
thing is kept in store, particularly, a place where water is
collected and kept for use when wanted, as to supply a
fountain, a canal or a city by means of aqueducts, or to
drive a mill-wheel and the like ; a cistern; a mill-pond ;
a basin.
Re'SET, n. In Scots lavj, the receiving and harboring of
an outlaw or a criminal. E7icyc.
RE-SET'TLE, v. t. [re and settle.] 1. To settle again
Swift. 2. To install, as a minister of the gospel.
RE-S'ET'TLE, v. i. To settle in the ministry a second
time ; to be installed.
RE-SET'TLED, pp. Settled again ; installed.
RE-SET'TLE-MENT, 72. 1. The act of settling or compos-
ing again. 2. The state of settling or subsiding again
3. A second settlement in the ministry.
RE-SET'TLING, ppr. Settling again ; installing.
RE-SHIP', V. t. [re and ship.] To ship again ; to ship what
has been conveyed by wate^r or imported. ^
RE-SHIP'MENT, m. 1. The act of shipping or loading on
board of a ship a second time. 2. That which is reship-
ped.
RE-SHIP'PED, (re-shipf) pp. Shipped again.
RE-SHIP'PING, ppr. Shipping again.
t Re'SI- ANCE, 7i. Residence; abode. Baco7i.
t Re'SI- ANT, a. [Norm, resiant.] Resident ; dwelling ,
present in a place. Knollcs.
RE-SlDE', v.i. [Fr. resider; L. re.sideo, resido.] 1. To
dwell permanently or for a length of time ; to have a set-
tled abode for a time. 2. To sink to the bottom of
liquors ; to settle : [obs.]
RES'I-DENCE, n. [Fr.] I. The act of abiding or dwelling
in a place for some continuance of time. 2. The place
of abode ; a dwelling ; a habitation. 3. That which falls
to the bottom of liquors ; [obs.] — 4. In the ca7ion and com-
7/1071 laiD, the abode of a parson or incumbent on his bene-
fice ; opposed to non-residence.
RES'I-DENT, a. [L. reside7is ; Fr. resident.] Dwelling or
having an abode in a place for a continuance of time, but
not definite.
RESI-DENT, n. 1. One who resides or dwells in a place
for some time. 2. A public minister who resides at a for-
eign court.
RES-I-DEN'TIA-SY, a. Having residence. More.
RES-I-DEN'TIA-RY, n. An ecclesiastic who keeps a cer-
tain residence. Eccles. Canons.
RE-SiD'ER, 71. One who resides in a particular place.
RE-SlD'ING, ppr. Dwelling in a place for some continu-
ance of time.
RE-SID'U-AL, a. Remaining after a part is taken. Davy.
RE-SID'U-A-RY, a. [L. residiius.] Pertaining to the residue
or part Tems-ining.— Residuary legatee, in law, the legatee
to whom is bequeathed the part of goods and estate which
remains after deducting all the debts and specific lega-
RES'i-DUE, n. [Fr. residu ; L. residuus.] 1. That which
remains after a part is taken, separated, removed or des-
ignated. 2. The balance or remainder of a debt or ac-
count.
RE-SID'U-UM, 71. [L.] 1. Residue; that which is left
after any process of separation or purification.— 2. In lav),
the part of an estate or of goods and chattels remaining
after the payment of debts and legacies.
fRE-SlEGE', ^^ t. [re and siege.] To seat again ; to rein-
state. Spenser.
RE-SIGN', (re-zine'), v. t. [Fr. resigner ; L. resigTio.] 1.
To give up ; to give back, as an ofiice or commission, to
the ^person or authority that conferred it ; hence, to sur-
render an office or charge in a formal manner. 2. To
withdraw, as a claim. 3. To yield. 4. To yield or give
up in confidence. 5. To submit, particularly to Provi-
dence. 6. To submit without resistance or murmur
Shalt.
Re'SIGN, v. t. To sign again.
t RE-SiGN', 71. Resignation.
RES-IG-Na'TION, 71. [Fr.l 1. The act of resigning or
giving up, as a claim or possession. 2. Submission ; un-
resisting acquiescence. 3. auiet submission to the will
of Providence ; submission without discontent, and witli
entire acquiescence in the divine dispensations.
RE-STGN'ED, (re-zind') pp. I. Given up ; surrendered
yielded. 2. a. Submissive to the will of God.
RE-STGN'ED-LY, adv. With submission.
RE-SlGN'ER, Tfi. One that resigns. . .
RE-$IGN'ING, ppr. Giving up ; surrendering; submitting
tRE-SlGN'MENT, n. The act of resigning.
RES'I-LAH, 71. An ancient patriarchal coin.
^ Ses Sympsus. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;-^Bi:iLL, UNITE— € as K; 6as J} SasZ; CH as SH; THasintAi^ 1 Obsolete.
RES
RES
f RE-SlLE', V. i. [L. resilio.] To start back ; to fly trom a
purpose. Ellis.
* RE-SIL'I-ENCE, ln.['L.resiliens.] The act of leaping
* SE-SIL'I-EN-CY, ) or springing back, or tlie act of re-
bcuiiding.
* RE-SIL'1-ENT, a. [L. resiliens.] Leaping or starting
back ; rebounding.
EES-I-Ll"TION, 71. [L. resilio.] The act of springing
back ; resilience.
RES'IN, n. [Fr. resine ; L., It., Sp. resina ,• Ir. roisin.] An
inflammable substance, bard when cool, but viscid when
heated, exsuding in a fluid state from certain kinds of
trees, as pine, either spontaneously or by incision.
JIES-I-NIP^ER-OUS, a. [L. resina and fero.] Yielding resin.
KES'IN-1-FORM, a. Having the foim of resin. Cyc.
KES'I-iMO-E-LE€'TRie, a. Containing or exhibiting nega-
tive electricity, or that kind which is produced by the
ftiction of resinous substances. Ure.
RES'I-NO- EX-TRA€T'IVE, a. Designating extractive
matter in which resi'n predominates.
RES'IN-OUS, a. Partaking of the qualities of resin ; like
resin.
RES'IN-OUS-LY, ffltZi;. By means of resin. Oregory.
RES'IN-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being resinous.
RES-I-PIS'CENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. resipis^p.] Properly, wis-
dom derived from severe experience ; hence, repentance.
[Little ^ised.]
RE-SiST', V. t. [li. resisto ; Fr. resister ; Sp. resistir.] 1.
Literally, to stand against ; to withstand ; hence, to act
iu opposition, or to oppose. 2. To strive against; to en-
deavor to counteract, defeat or frustrate. 3. To baffle ; to
disappoint.
RE-SIST', 2). i. To make opposition. Shak.
RE-SIST'ANCE, n. The act of resisting ; opposition. 2.
The quality of not yielding to force or external impres-
sion.
RE-SIST' ANT, n. He or that which resists. Pearson.
RE-SIST'ED, pp. Opposed ; counteracted ; withstood.
RE-SIST'ER, n. One that opposes or withstands.
RE-SIST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of resisting. 2.
duality of being resistible.
RE-SIST'I-BLE, a. That may be resisted. Hale.
RE-SISTTNG, ppr. Withstanding; opposing.
RE-SIST'IVE, a. Having the power to resist. B. Jonson.
RE-SIST' LESS, a. 1. That cannot be effectually opposed ;
irresistible. 2. That cannot resist ; helpless.
RE-SIST'LESS-LY, adv. So as not to be opposed or denied.
Blackwall.
RE-SoLD', pp. of resell. Sold a second time, or sold after
being bought.
* RES'0-LU-BLE, a. [re, and L. solubilis.] That may be
melted or dissolved. Boyle.
RES'O-LUTE, a. [Fr. resolu j It. resoluto.} Having a fixed
purpose; determined; hence, bold; firm ; steady; con-
stant in Pursuing a purpose.
RES'O-LUTE-LY, adv. 1. With fixed purpose; firmly;
steadily; with steady perseverance. 2. Boldly; firmly.
RES'0-LUTE-NESS, n. Fixed purpose ; firm determina-
tion ; unshaken finnness.
KES-O-LU'TION, 7i. [Fr. ; L. resolutlo.] 1. The act, oper-
ation or process of separating the parts which compose a
complex idea or a mixed body ; the act of reducing any
compound or combination to its component parts ; analy-
sis. * 2. The act or process of unraveling or disentangling
perplexities, or of dissipating obscurity in moral subjects.
S. Dissolution ; the natural process of separating the com-
ponent parts of bodies. — 4. In music, the resolution of a
dissonance is the carrying of it, according to rule, into a
consonance in the subsequent chord. — 5. In medicine, the
disappearing of any tumor without coming to suppura-
tion ; the dispersing of inflainmation. 6. Fixed purpose
or determination of mind. 7. The eflfect of fixed purpose ;
firmness, steadiness or constancy in execution, implying
courage. 8. Determination of a cause in a court of jus-
tice. 9. The determination or decision of a legislative
body, or a formal proposition offered for legislative deter-
mination. 10. The formal determination of any corporate
body, or of any association of individuals. — 11. In alge-
bra, the resolution of an equation is the same as reduction.
12. Relaxation ; a weakening ; [obs.]
t RES-O-Lu'TION-ER, n. One who joins in the declara-
tion of others. Burnet.
RES'O-LU-TlVE, a. Having the power to dissolve or relax.
[Mot much used.] Johnson.
RE-SOLV'A-BLE, a. That may be resolved or reduced to
first principles.
RE-SOLVE', (re-zolv') v. t. [L. resolvo ; Fr. resoudre ;
It. risolvere ; Sp. resolver.] 1. To separate the compo-
nent parts of a compound substance ; to reduce to first
principles. 2. To separate the parts of a complex idea ;
to reduce to simple parts ; to analyze. 3. To sepa-
rate the parts of a complicated question ; to unravel ; to
disentangle of perplexities ; to remove obscurity by analy-
sis; to clear of difliculties ; to explain. 4. To inform; to
free from doubt or perplexity. £ To settle in an opinion
to make certain. 6. To confirm , to fix in constancy. 7
To melt ; to dissolve. 8. To form or constitute by resolu-
tion, vote or determination. —9. In music, to resolve a dis ■
cord or dissonance, is to carry it, according to rule, into a
consonance in the subsequent chord.— 10. In medicine, to
disperse or scatter ; to discuss, as inflammation or a tu
mor. 11. To relax ; to lay at ease. Spenser.— I'i. In alge-
bra, to resolve an equation is to bring all the known quan-
tities to one side of the equation, and the unknown quan-
tity to the other.
RE-SOLVE', (re-zolv') v. i. 1. To fix in opinion or pur-
pose ; to determine in mind. 2. To determine by vote
3. To melt ; to dissolve ; to become fluid. 4. To separate
into its component parts or into distinct principles. 5
To be settled in opinion.
RE-SOLVE', (re-zolv') n. 1. Fixed purpose of mind; seL
tied determination ; resolution. 2. Legal or oflicial deter-
mination ; legislative act concerning a private person or
corporation, or concerning some private business. 3. The
determination of any corporation or association; resolu-
tion.
RE-SOLVED, (re-zolvd');>p. 1. Separated into its compo-
nent parts ; analyzed. 2. Determined in purpose. 3.
Determined officially or by vote'.
RE-SOLV ED LY, adv. With finnness of purpose.
RE-SOLV'ED-NESS, n. Fixedness of purpose ; firmness
resolution. Decay of Piety.
RE-SOLVENT, n. That which has the power of causing
solution.
RE-SOLVER, n. One that resolves or forms a firm pur-
pose.
RE-SOLVING, ppr. Separating into component parts ; an-
alyzing ; discussing, as tumors ; determining.
RE-SOLVING, n. The act of determining or forming a
fixed purpose ; a resolution. Clarendon.
RES'O-NANCE, 7i. [L. resonans,] 1. A resounding; a
sound returned from the sides of a hollow instrument of
music ; reverberated sound or sounds. 2. A sound re-
turned.
RES'O-NANT, a. [L. resonans.] Resounding; returning
sound ; echoing back. Milton.
RE-SORB', V. t. [L. resorbeo.] To swallow up.
RE-SORB'ENT, a Swallowing up. Woodhull.
RE-SORT ,v.i. [Fr. ressortir.] 1. To have recourse ; to
apply ; to betake. 2. To go ; to reoair. 3. To fall back ;
[obs.]
RE-SORT', n. 1. The act of going to or making applica-
tion ; a betaking one's self. 2. Act of visiting. 3. As-
sembly ; meeting. 4. Concourse ; frequent assembling.
Swift. 5. The place frequented. G. Spring ; active pow-
er or movement ; a Gallicism ; [obs.] — Last resort, ulti-
mate means of relief; also, final tribunal.
RE-SORT'ER, n. One that resorts or frequents.
RE-SORT'ING, ppr. Going ; having recourse ; betaking ;
frequenting.
RE-SOUND', V. t. [L. resono ; Fr. resonner ; It. risuonare ;
Sp. resonar.] 1. To send back sound ; to echo. 2. To
sound ; to praise or celebrate with the voice or the sound
of instruments. 3. To praise ; to extol with sounds ; tc
spread the fame of.
RE-SOUND', V. i. 1. To be echoed ; to be sent back, as
sound. 2. To be much and loudly mentioned.
Re'SOUN^D, v. t. [re and sound.] To sound again.
RE-SOUND',?'. Return of sound ; echo. Beaumont.
RE-SOUNDED, p;). Echoed; returned, ;is sound.
RE-SOUND'ING, j?/jr. Echoing; returning, as sound.
RE-SoURCE', 71. [Fr. ressource.] 1. Any source of aid or
support ; an expedient to which a person may resort for
assistance, safety or supply ; means yet untried ; resort.—
2. Resources, in the plural, pecuniary means ; funds ;
money or any property that can be converted into sup-
plies.
RE-SoURCE'LESS, a. Destitute of resources. Burke.
RE-SoW, V. t.; pret. resowed ; pp. resowed, or resown. \re
and sow.] To sow again. Bacon.
RE-SOAVED, (re-sode') ) «
RE-SoWN', (re-sone') 1 ^^- ''"^^^ ^"^^•
RE-SPeAK', v. t.; pret. respoke ; pp. respoken, respoke. [re
and speak.] 1. To answer ; to speak in return ; to reply ;
[I. u.] 2. To speak again ; to repeat.
RE-SPECT', V. t. [L. respecto, or respectus ; Fr. respecter J]
1. To regard ; to have regard to in design or purpose. 2.
To have regard to, in relation or connection ; to relate to.
3. To view or consider with some degree of reverence ; to
esteem as possessed of real worth. 4. To look towards ;
[obs.] — To respect the person, to suffer the opinion or judg-
ment to be influenced or biased by a regard to the out-
ward circumstances of a person, to the prejudice of right
and equity.
RE-SPECT', n. [L. respectus ; Fr. respect.] 1. Regard ;
attention. Shak. 2. That estimation or honor in which
men hold the distinguished worth or substantial good
qualities of others. It expresses less than reverence and
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U Y, long-.— FAR. FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete
RES
697
RES
veneration. Which regard elders and superiors ; whereas
res-pect may regard juniors and inferiors. Respect regards
the qualities of the mind, or the actions which character-
ize those qualities. 3. That deportment or course of ac-
tion which proceeds from esteem ; regard ; due attention.
4. Good will ; favor. 5. Partial regard ; undue bias to
the prejudice of justice. 6. Respected character. 7. Con-
sideration ; motive in reference to something. 8. Rela-
tion ; regard ; reference.
RE-SPE€-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. State or quality of being re-
spectable ; the state or qualities which deserve or com-
mand respect. CuvLberland.
RE-SPE€T'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; It. rispettabile ; Sp. respetor-
blc] 1. Possessing the worth or qualities which deserve
or command respect ; worthy of esteem and honor. — 2. In
popular language, this word is much used to express what
is moderate in degree of excellence or in number, but not
despicable.
RE-SPE€T'A-BLE-NESS, n. Respectability.
RE-SPEGT'A-BLY, adv. 1. With respect ; more generally,
in a manner to merit respect. 2. Moderately, but in a
manner not to be despised.
RE-SPE€T'ED, pp. Held in honorable estimation.
RE-SPEeT'ER, n. One that respects.
RE-SPE€T'FyL, a. Marked or characterized by respect.
RE-SPE€T'FyL-LY, adv. With respect ; in a manner com-
porting with' due estimation. Dryden.
RE-SPE€T'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of being respect-
ful.
RE-SPE€T'ING, ppr. Regarding ; having regard to ; relat-
ing to.
RE-SPE€T'IVE, a. [Ft. respectifi It. rispettivo.] 1. Rel-
ative ; having relation to something else ; not absolute.
2. Particular; relating to a particular person or thing. 3.
Worthy of respect ; [obs.] 4. Careful ; circumspect ; cau-
tious ; attentive to consequences ; [obs.]
RE-SPE€T'IVE-LY, adv. 1. As relating to each ; particu-
larly ; as each belongs to each. 2, Relatively ; not abso-
lutely. 3. Partially ; With respect to private views ; [obs.]
4. With respect; [obs.]
SE-SPE€T'LESS, a. Having no respect ; without regard ;
without reference. [Little used.] Drayton.
RE-SPEOT'LESS-NESS, n. The state of having no respect
or regard ; regardlessness. [Little used.] Shelton.
RE-SPERSE'. V. t. [L. respersus.] To sprinkle. [L. u.]
RE-SPER'SION, n. [L. rt^persio.] The act of sprinkling.
Johnson.
*RE-SPI.'RA-BLE,or RE-SPl'RA-BLE, a. That may be
breathed ; fit for respiration or for the support of animal
life.
RES-PI-Ra'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. respiratio.] 1, The act of
breathing ; the act of inhaling air into the lungs, and again
exhaling or expelling it, by which animal life is supported.
2. Relief from toil.
* RE-SPI'-RA-l O-RY, a. Serving for respiration.
RE-SPiRE', v. i. [Fr. respirer ; L. respiro.] 1. To breathe ;
to inhale air into the lungs and exhale it. 2. To catch
breath. 3. To rest ; to take rest from toil.
RE-SPiRE', v. t. To exhale ; to breathe out ; to send out in
exhalations. B. Jonson.
RE-SPrR'ED, (re-spird') pp. Breathed ; inhaled and ex-
haled.
RE-SPlR'ING, ppr. Breathing ; taking breath.
RES'PIT, n. [Fr. repit.] 1. Pause ; temporary intermis-
sion of labor, or of any process or operation ; interval of
rest. — 2. In laic, reprieve ; temporary suspension of the
execution of a capital offender. 3. Delay ; forbearance ;
prolongation of time for the payment of a debt beyond the
legal time. 4. The delay of appearance at court granted
to a jury, beyond the proper term.
RES'PIT, V. t. 1. To relieve by a pause or interval of rest.
2. To suspend the execution of a criminal beyond the time
limited by the sentence ; to delay for a time. 3. To give
delay of appearance at court.
RES'PIT-ED, pp. Relieved from labor; allowed a tempo-
rarj^ suspension of execution.
RES'PIT-ING, ppr. Relieving from labor ; suspending the
execution of a capital offender.
RE-SPLEN'DENCE, ) n. [L. resplendens.] Brilliant lus-
RE-SPLEN'DEN-CY, \ tre ; vivid brightness ; splendor.
Milton.
RE-SPLEN'DENT, a. Very bright ; shining with brilliant
lustre. Spenser.
RE-SPLEN'DENT-LY, adv. With brilliant lustre,
RE SPLIT', V. t. [re and split.] To split again.
RE-SPOND', V. i. [Yr.repondre ; It, rispondere ; Sp. respon-
der , L. respondeo.] 1. To answer ; to reply. 2. To cor-
respond ; to suit. 3. To be answerable ; to be liable to
make payment.
RE-SPOND', V. t. To answer ; to satisfy by payment. Sedg-
wick, Mass. Rep.
RE-SPOND', n. 1. A short anthem interrupting the middle
of a chapter, which is not to proceed till the anthem is
ended. 2. An answer ; [obs ]
RE-SPOND'ED, pp. Answered ; satisfied by payment.
RE-SPOND'ENT, a. Answering ; that answers to demand
or expectation.
RE-SPOND'ENT, n. 1. One that answe;^ m a suu, partx
ularly a chancery suit. — 2. In the schools, one who main-
tains a thesis in reply, and whose province is to refute ob
jections or overthrow arguments.
RE-SPOND'ING, ppr. Answering ; corresponding.
t RE-SPONS'AL, a. Answerable ; responsible. Heylin.
RE-SPONS'AL, n. 1. Response ; answer. Brevint. 2. One
who is responsible ; [obs.] Barrow.
RE-SPONSE', (re-spons') n. [L. responsum.] I. An an-
swer or reply ; particularly, an oracular answer. 2. The
answer of the people or congregation to the priest, in the
litany and other parts of divine service. 3. Reply to an
objection in a formal disputation. — 4. In the Roiwi.^k
church, a kind of anthem sung after the morning lesson.
— 5. In a fugue, a repetition of the given subject by an
other part.
RE-SPON-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being accounta-
ble or answerable, as for a trust or office, or for a debt
Paley. 2. Ability to answer in payment ; means of pay
ing contracts.
RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. [Ij. responses.] 1. Liable to account;
accountable ; answerable. 2. Able to discharge an obli-
gation; or having estate adequate to the payment of a
debt.
RE-SPONS'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1. State of being liable to an-
swer, repay or account ; responsibility. 2. Ability to
make payment of an obligation or demand.
t RE-SPON'SION, n. [L. responsio.] The act of answer-
ing.
RE-SPONS'IVE, a. 1. Answering ; making reply. 2. Cor-
respondent ; suited to something else. Pope.
RE-SPONS'0-RY, a. Containing answer.
RE-SPONS'0-RY, n. A response ; the answer of the peo-
ple to the priest in the alternate speaking, in church ser-
vice.
REST, n. [Sax. rc-it, rmst ; Dan., G., Sw. rast ; D. rust.]
1. Cessation of motion or action of any kind, and applica-
ble to any body or being. 2. Quiet ; repose ; a state free
from motion or disturbance ; a state of reconciliation to
God. 3. Sleep. 4. Peace ; national quiet. 5. The finai
sleep ; death, fi. A place of quiet ; permanent habitation.
7. Any place of repose. 8. That on wliich any thing
leans or lies for support. 1 Kings vi. — 9. In poetry, a short
pause of the voice in reading ; a cesura. — 10. In philoso-
phy, the continuance of a body in the same place. 11. Fi-
nal hope ; [obs.] 12. Cessation from tillage. Lev. xxv.
13. The gospel church or new covenant state in which
the people of God enjoy repose, and Christ shall be glori-
fied. Is. xi.— 14. In TOMsic, a pause ; an interval dunng
which the voice is intermitted ; also, the mark of such in-
termission.
REST, 71. [Fr. reste.] 1. That which is left, or which re-
mains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in
contemplation ; remainder. 2. Others ; those not includ
ed in a proposition or description.
REST, v. i. [Sax. restan, hrestan ; D, rusten ; G. rasten.]
1. To cease from action or motion of any kind ; to stop ;
a word applicable to any body or being, and to any kind of
motion. 2. To cease from labor, work or performance. 3.
To be quiet or still ; to be undisturbed. 4. To cease from
war ; to be at peace. 5. To be quiet or tranquil, as the
mind ; not to be agitated by fear, anxiety or other pas-
sion. 6. To lie ; to repose ; as, to rest on a bed. 7. To
sleep ; to slumber. 8. To sleep the final sleep ; to die or
be dead. 9. To lean ; to recline for support. 10. To
stand on ; to be supported by. 11. To be satisfied ; to ac-
quiesce. 12. To lean ; to trust ; to rely. 13. To continue
fixed. Is. li. 14. To terminate ; to come to an end.
JEzek. xvi. 15. To hang, lie or be fixed. 16. To abide ;
to remain with. 17. To be calm or composed in mind ; to
enjoy peace of conscience.
t REST, V. i. [Fr. rester.] To be left ; to remain. Milton.
REST, v.t. 1. To lay at rest ; to quiet. Dryden. 2. To
place, as on a support. Waller.
RE-STAG'NANT, a. [L. restagnans.] Stagnant ; remain-
ing without a flow or current. [L. u.] Boyle.
RE-STAG'NATE, v. i. [L. restagjw.] To stand or remain
without flowing. Wiseman.
RE-STAG-Na'TION, n. Stagnation, which see.
REST' ANT, a. [L. restans, resto.] In botany, remain
ing.
RES-TAU-Ra'TION, n. [L. restauro.] Restoration to a
former good state.
REST'ED, pp. Laid on for support.
RE-STEM', v. t. [re and stem.] To force back against the
current. Shak.
REST'FUL, a. [from rest.] Quiet ; being at rest. Shak.
REST'FtJL-LY, adv. In a state of rest or quiet.
REST'-HAR-RoW, n. A plant of the genus ononis.
RES'TIFF, ) a. [Fr. retif; It. restivo, restio ; from L. resto.
REST'IF. \ 1. Unwilling to go, or only running back
Sec Synopsis,. MOVE, BOOK DOVE ;— BJI LL, UNITE.— € as K j Ci as J j S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete
RES e
abstinate in refusing to move forward ; stubborn. 2. Un-
yielding. 3. Being at rest, or less in action j [obs.]
KtSTIFF, 71. A stubborn liorse.
REST'IFF-NESS,7i. 1. Obstinate reluctance or indisposition
to move. 2. Obstinate unwillingness.
RE-STIN€'TION, 71. [h. restinctio.] The act of quenching
or extinguishing.
REST'ING, ppr. Ceasing to move or act ; ceasing to be
moved or agitated ; lying ; leaning ; standing ; depending
or reljing,
REST'ING-PLACE, n. A place for rest.
RE-STIN'GUISH, v. t. [L. resUnguo.] To quench or extin-
guish. Field.
t RES'TI-TUTE, v. t. [L. restituo.] To restore to a former
state. Dyer.
RES-TI-TU'TION, n. [L. restitutio.] 1. The act of re-
turn mg or restoring to a person some thing or right of
which ne has been unjustly deprived. 2. The act of
making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss,
damage or injury ; indemnification. 3. The act of recov-
ering a former state or posture. Oreic. — Restitution of all
thiiig-s, the putting the world in a holy and happy state.
Jlcts iii.
RES'TI-TU-TOR, n. One who makes restitution. [L. u.]
REST'IVE, RESTTVE-NESS. See Restiff.
REST'LESS, a. [from rest; Sax. restleas.] 1. Unquiet;
uneasy ; continually moving. 2. Being without sleep ;
uneasy. 3. Passed in unquietness. 4. Uneasy ; unquiet ;
not satisfied to be at rest or in peace. 5. Uneasy ; turbu-
lent. 6. Unsettled ; disposed to wander or to change
place or condition.
REST'LESS-LY, adv. Without rest ; unquietly. South.
REST'LESS-NESS, 7!. 1. Uneasiness ; unquietness ; a
state of disturbance or agitation, either of body or mind.
2. Want of sleep or rest ; uneasiness. 3. Motion ; agita-
tion.
RE-SToR'A-BLE, a. [from restore.] That may be restored
to a former good condition. Sicift.
RE-SToR'AL, 71. Restitution. Barrow.
RES-TO-RaTTON, n. [Fr. restauratiov .] 1. The act of
replacing in a former slate. 2. Renewal ; revival ; re-
establishment. 3. Recovery ; renewal of health and
soundness. 4. Recovery from a lapse or any bad state. —
5. In theology, universal restoration, the final recovery of
all men from sin and alienation from God, to a state of
happiness ; universal salvation. — 6. In England, the re-
turn of king Charles II. in 1660, and the re-establishment
of monarchv.
tlE-SToR'A-TiVE, a. That has power to renew strength
and vigor. Evcyc.
RE-SToR'A-TIVE, n. A medicine efficacious in restoring
strength and vigor, or in recruiting the vital powers, jlr-
buthnot.
RE-SToRE', V. t. [Fr. restaur er ; It. restaurare ,• Sp.,Port.
restaurar ; L. restauro.] 1. To return to a person, as a
specific thing which he has lost, or which has been taken
from him and unjustly detained. 2. To replace ; to re-
turn ; as a person or thing to a former place. 3. To bring
back. 4. To bring back or recover from lapse, degenera-
cy, declension or ruin to its former state. 5. To heal ; to
cure ; to recover from disease. 6. To make restitution or
satisfaction for a thing taken, by returning something
else, or something of different value. 7. To give for sat-
isfaction for pretended wrongs something not taken. Ps.
Ixix. y. To repair ; to rebuild. 9. To revive ; to resusci-
tate ; to bring back to life. 10. To return or bring back
after absence. Heb. xiii. 11. To bring to a sense of sin
and amendment of life. Gal. vi. 12. To renew or re-
establish after interruption. 13. To recover or renew, as
passages of an author obscured or corrupted.
RE'-STORE, v. t. [re and store.] To store again.
RE-SToR'ED, (re-stord') pp. Returned ; brought back ; re-
trievedj recovered ; cured ; renewed ; re-established.
t RE-SToRE'MENT, n. The act of restoring ; restora-
tion. _
RE-PToR'ER, 7). One that restores ; one that returns what
is lost or unjustly detained ; one who repairs or re-estab-
lishes_.
RE-SToR'IjVG, 7>p?-. Returning what is lost or taken ; bring-
ing back recovering; curing; renewing; repairing; re-
establish ng.
RE-STRaIN', v. t. [Fr. restraindre ; It. ristrignere, restrin-
gere.] 1. To hold back ; to check ; to hold from action,
proceedins or advancing, either by physical or moral
force, or by any interposing obstacle. 2. To repress ; to
keep in awe. 3. To suppress ; to hinder or repress. 4.
To abridge ; to hinder from unlimited enjoyment. 5. To
limit ; to confine. 6. To withhold ; to forbear.
RE-STRaIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being restrained.
Brotcn.
RE-STRaIN'ED, (re-strand') pp. Held back from advancing
or wandering ; withheld ; repressed ; suppressed ; abridg-
ed; confined.
6 RES
RE-STRaIN'ED-LY, adv. With restraint; with limita-
tion.
RE-STRaIN'ER, 71. He or that which restrains.
RE-STRaIN'ING, ppr. 1. Holding back from proceeding ,
checking ; repressing ; hindering from motion or action •
suppressing. 2. a. Abridging ; limiting.
RE-STRaINT', 71. [from Fr. restreint.] 1. The act or oper-
ation of holding back or hindering from motion, in any
manner; hinder;)nce of the will, or of any action, physi-
cal, moral or mental. 2. Abridgment of liberty. 3. Pro-
hibition. 4. Limitation ; restriction. 5. That which re-
strains, hinders or represses.
RE-STRICT', V. t. [L. restrictus.] To limit ; to confine ; to
restrain within bounds.
tRE-STRI€T', a. Confined; limited, ^nnot. on Olanville
RE-STRICTED,^;), Limited; confined to bounds.
RE-STRICT'ING, ppr. Confining to limits.
RE-STRI€'TION, 7i. [Fr.; L. restrictus.] 1. Limitation
confinement within bounds. 2. Restraint.
RE-STRICT'IVE, a. [Fr. restrictif.] 1. Having the quality
of limiting or of expressing limitation. 2. Imposing re-
straint. 3. Stj'ptic; [obs.]
RE-STRICTTVE-LY, adv. With limitation.
RE-STRlNGE', (re-strinj') t;. ^ [L.restringo.] To confine
to contract ; to astringe.
RE-STRIN'GEN-CY, ?i. The quality or power of contract-
ing.
RE-STRIN'GEx\T, a. Astringent; styptic.
RE-STRIN GENT, n. A medicine that operates as an as-
tringerit or styptic. Harvey.
RE-STRlVE', V. i. [re and strive.] To strive anew.
REST'Y, a. The same as restive or restif, of which it is a
contraction.
RE-SUB-JEC'TION, n. [re and subjection.] A second sub-
jection. Bp. Hall.
RE-SUB-LI-Ma'TION, n. A second sublimation.
RE-SUB-LiME', v. t. [re and sublime.] To sublime again.
RE-SUB-LlM'ED, (re-sub-limd') pp. Sublimed a second
time.
RE-SUB-LlM'ING, ppr. Subliming again.
RE-SU-Da'TION, 71. [lu. resudatus.] The act of sweating
again.
RE^'SULT', 7J. 7. [Fr. resulter; L. resulto, resilio.] 1. To
leap back ; to rebound. 2. To proceed, spring or rise, as
a consequence, from facts, arguments, premises, combina-
tion of circumstances, consultation or meditation. 3. To
come to a conclusion or determination.
RE-SULT', n. 1. Resilience; act of flying back. 2. Con-
sequence ; conclusion ; iiiference ; effect. 3. Consequence
or effect. 4. The decision or determination of a council
or deliberative assembly. JVsjd England.
RE-SULT' ANCE, 71. The act of resulting.
RE-SULT 'ANT, n. In mechanics, a force which is the com-
bined effect of two or more forces, acting in different di-
rections.
RE-SULT'ING, ppr. 1. Proceeding as a consequence, ef-
fect or conclusion of something; coming to a determina-
tion. — 2. In laic, resulting use is a use which returns to
him who raised it, after its exphation or during the impes-
sibiljty of vesting in the person intended.
RE-SuM'A-BLE, a. [from resume.] That may be taken
back, or that may be taken up again.
RE-SUME', V. t. [L. resumo.] 1. To take back what has
been given. 2. To take back what has been taken away.
3. To take again after absence. 4. To take up again af-
ter interruption ; to begin again.
RE-SuM'ED, (re-zumd') pp. Taken back ; taken again ;
begun again after interruption.
RE-StJM'ING, ppr. Taking back ; taking again ; beginning
agaia after interruption.
RE-SUM'MON, V. t. 1. To summon or call again. 2 To
recall ; to recover. Bacon.
RE-SUM'MONED, jip. Summoned again ; recovered.
RE-SUM'iAION-ING, pvr. Recalling ; recovering.
RE-SUMP'TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. resumptus.] The act of re-
suming, taking back or taking again.
RE-SUMP'TlVE, a. Taking back or again.
RE-SU'PI-NATE, a. [h. resupinatus.] In botany, reversed;
turned upside down.
RE-SU-PI-Na'TION, 77. The state of lying on the back 5
the state of being resupinate or reversed, as a corol.
RE-Su'PlNE, a. Lying on the back.
RES-UR-RE€'TI0N, n. [Fr. ; L. resurrectus.] A rising
again ; chiefly, the revival of the dead of the human race,
•or their return from the grave, particularly at the general
judgment.
RE-SUR-VEY', V. t. [re and survey.] To survey again or
anew ; to review. Shak.
RE-SUR'VEY, 77. A second survey.
RE-SUR-VEY'ED, (re-sur-vade') pp. Surveyed again.
RE-SUR-VEY'ING, pp. Surveying ane w ; reviewing.
RE-SUS'CI-TATE, v. t. [L. resuscito.] 1. To revivi-
fy ; to revive ; particularly, to recover from apparent -
death. 2. To reproduce, as a mixed body from its ashes.
*SC6 Syonpsia. i, E, I, O, U, T, long.— FS.R, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY;— PIN, MARINE, BiRDj— f Obsolete.
RET
699
REl
RE-SUS'CI-TA-TED, pp. Revived ; revivified ; reproduced.
RE-SUS'CI-TA-TING, ppr. Reviving ; revivifying ; repro-
ducing.
RE-SUS-Cr-TA'TION, n. 1. The act of reviving from a
state of apparent death ; the state of being revivified. 2.
The reproducing of a mixed body from its ashes.
RE-StrS'CI-TA-TiVE, a. Reviving ; revivifying ; raising
from apparent death ; reproducing.
* RE-TAIL', > V. t. [Fr. retaillen It. ritagliare.] 1. To
*EeTAIL, \ sell in small quantities or parcels, from the
sense of cutting or dividing. 2. To sell at second hand.
Pope. 3. To tell in broken parts ; to tell to many.
Retail, 71, Tlie sale of commodities in small quantities
or parcels, or at second hand. Addison.
RE-TAIL'ED, (re-tald') pp. Sold in small quantities.
B,E-TaIL'ER, } n. One who sells goods by small quanti-
lii: TAIL-ER, \ ties or parcels.
RE-TaILING, ppr. Selling in small quantities.
RE-TaIN', ^. £. [Fr. retenir ; It. ritenere; Sp. retener ; L.
retineo.] 1. To hold or keep in possession ; not to lose
or pnrt with or dismiss. 2. To keep, as an associate ; to
keep from departure. 3. To keep back ; to hold. 4. To
liold from escape. 5. To keep in pay ; to hire. 6. To
engage ; to employ by a fee paid.
t RE-TaIN', v. i. 1. To belong to ; to depend on. Boyle.
2. To keep ; to continue.
RE-TaIN'ED, (re-tand') pp. Held ; kept in possession ;
kept as an associate ; kept in pay ; kept from escape.
RE-TaIN'ER, n. 1. One who retains ; as an executor, who
retains a debt due from the testator. 2. One who is kept
in service ; an attendant. 3. An adherent ; a depend-
ent; a hanger-on. 4. A servant, not a domestic, but occa-
sionally attending and wearing his master's livery. — 5.
Among lawyers, a fee paid to engage a lawyer or counsel-
or to maintain a cause. 6. The act of keeping depend-
ents, or being in dependence.
RE-TaIN'ING, ppr. Keeping in possession ; keeping as an
associate ; keeping from escape ; hiring ; engaging by a
fee.
RE-TaKE', v. t. ; pret. retook ; pp. retaken, [re and take.']
1. To take again. Clarendon. 2. To take from a captor 3
to recapture.
RE-TaK ER, n. One who takes again what has been taken j
a recaptor. Kent.
RE-TaK'ING, ppr. Taking again ; taking from a captor.
RE-TaKTNG, n. A taking again ; recapture.
RE-TAL'I-ATE, v. t. [Low L. retalio.] To return like for
like ; to repay or requite by an act of the same kind as
has been received.
RE-TAL'I-ATE, v. i. To return like for like.
RE-TAL'I-A-TED,pp. Returned, as like for like.
RE-TAL'I-A-TING,ppr. Returning like for like.
RE-TAL-I-A'TION, 71. 1. The return of like for like ; the
doing that to another which he has done to us ; requital
of evil. — 2. In a ffood sense, return of good for good.
RE-TAL'I-A-TO-RY, a. Returning like for like. Canning.
RE-TaRD', v. t. [Fr. retarder ; L. retardo.] 1. To diminish
the velocity of motion , to hinder ; to render more slow in
progress. 2. To delav ; to put off; to render more late.
t RE-TARD', V. i. To stav back. Brown.
RE-TARD-A'TION, n. The act of abating the velocity of
motion ; hinderance ; the act of delaying.
RE-TaRD'ED, pp. Hindered in motion ; delayed.
RE-TaRD'ER, n. One that retards, hinders or delays.
RE-TARD'ING, ppr. Abating the velocity of motion ; hin-
dering ; delaying.
RE-TARD MENT, n. The act of retarding or delaying.
RETCH, V. i. [Sax. hrcecan.] To make an efibrt to vomit ;
to heave ; as the stomach ; to strain.
t RETCH'LESS, a. Careless. [See Reckless.] Dri/den.
KE-TE€'TION, n. [L. retectus.] The act of disclosing or
producing to view something concealed.
RE-TENT', 71. That which is retained. Kirwan.
RE-TEN'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. retentio, retineo.] 1. The
power of retaining ; the faculty of the mind by which it
retains ideas. — 2. In 7nedicine, the power of retaining, or
that state of contraction in the solid or vascular parts of
the body, by wjiich they hold their proper contents and
prevent involuntary evacuations ; undue retention of some
natural discharge. 3. The act of withholding ; restraint,
i. Custody ; confinement ; [obs.]
RE-TEN'TIVE, a. [Fr. reteiitif.] Plaving the power to
retain.
t RE-TEN'TIVE, n. Restraint. Bp. Hall.
RE-TEN'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of retention.
t RE-TEX , V. t. [L. retexo.] To unweave ; to undo ; to
annul by anv action. Hacket.
RET'I-CENCE, ) n. [Fr. reticence ; L. reticentia.] Con-
RET'I-CEN-CY, i cealment by silence. — In rhetoric, apo-
siopesis or suppression.
RETICLE, 71. [L. reticulum.] 1. A small net. 2. A
contrivance to measure the quantity of an eclipse ; a kind
of micrometer.
RE-TIC'U-LAR, a. Having the form of a net or of net-
work ; formed with iiiterstices. — In anatomy, the reticular
body, or rete mucosum, is the layer of the skin, intemriedi-
ate between the cutis and the cuticle, the principal seat of
color in maw.
RE-Tl€'U-LATE, ) o. [L reticulatus.] Netted : resem-
RE-TIC'U-LA-TED, \ bling net-work ; having distinct
veins crossing like net-work.
RE-TI€-U-La'TION, 7i. Net-work; organization of sub-
stances resem'jling a net. Darwin.
RET'I-FORM, a. [L. retiformis.] Having the form of a
net in texture ; composed of crossing lines and interstices.
RET'I-NA, n. [L.] In anat07ny, one of the. coats of the
eye, being an expansion of the optic nerve over the bot-
tom of the eye, where the sense of vision is first received.
RET-I-NAS-PHALT', «, A bituminous or resinous sub-
stance of a yellowish or reddish brown.
RET'I-NITE, n. [Gr. pvnvn.] Pitchstone.
*RET'I-NUE, n. [Fr. retenue.] The attendants of a pnnce
or distinguished personage, chiefly on a journey or an
excursion ; a train of persons.
RET-I-RaDE', 71. [Fr.] In fortification, a kind of retrench-
ment in the body of a bastion or other work.
RE-TiRE', -u. i. [Fr. retirer.] 1. To withdraw; to retreat;
to go froin company or from a public place into privacy.
2. To retreat from action or danger. 3. To withdraw
from a public station. 4. To break up, as a company or
assembly. 5. To depart or withdraw for safety or for
pleasure. 6. To recede ; to fall back.
t RE-TIRE', V. t. To withdraw ; to take away.
JRE-TlRE', n. 1. Retreat; recession; a withdrawing.
S/iak. 2. Retirement ; place of privacy. Milto7i.
RE-TTR'ED, (re-tird') a. 1. Secluded from much society or
from public notice ; private. 2. Secret ; private. 3. With-
dra\yn. Locke.
RE-TlR'ED-LY, ado. In solitude or privacy. Sherwood.
RE-TIR'ED-NESS, ?i, A state of retirement; solitude;
privacy or secrec}'. Atterbury.
RE-TIRE'MENT, n. 1. The act of withdrawing from com-
pany or from public notice or station. 2. The state of
being withdrawn. 3. Private abode ; habitation secluded
from much society or from public life. 4. Private way of
life
RE-TlR'ING, ppr. 1. Withdrawing; retreating; going
into seclusion or solitude. 2. a. Reserved ; not forward or
obtrusive.
RE-ToLD', pret. and pp. of retell ; as a story retold.
RE-TORT', V. t. [L. retortus.] 1. To throw back ; to re-
verberate. 2. To return an argument, accusation, censure
or incivility. 3. To bend or curve back.
RE-TORT', V. i. To return an argument or charge ; to make
a severe reply.
RE-TORT', ?i. 1. The return of an argument, charge 01
incivility in reply. — 2. In chemistry, a spherical vessel
v.'ith its neck bent, to which the receiver is fitted.
RE-TORT'ED, pp. Returned ; thrown back ; bent back
RE-TORT'ER, 7i. One that retorts.
RE-TORT'ING, ppr. Returnins; throwing back.
RE-TOR'TION, 71. The act of retorting. Spenser.
RE-TOSS', V. t. [re and toss.] To toss back. Pope.
RE-TOSS'ED, (re-tosf) pp. Tossed back.
RE-TOSS'ING, ppr. Tossing back.
RE-T6UCH', (re-tuch') v. t. [re and touch.] To improve
by new touches ; as, to retouch a picture or an essay,
Dniden. Pope.
RE-T6UCH'ED, (re-tuchf) pp. Touched again.
RE-ToUCH'ING, (re-tuch'ing) ppr. Improving b^ new
touches.
RE-TRACE', V. t. [Fr. retracer.] 1. To trace back ; to go
back in the same path or course 2. To trace back, as a line.
RE-TRA'CED, (re-trasf) pp. Traced back.
RE-TR A'CING, ppr. Tracing back.
RE-TRACT', v.t. [¥x. retracter ; L. retractus.] 1. To re-
call, as a declaration, words or saying ; to disavow ; to
recant. 2. To take back ; to rescind ; [little used.] 3.
To draw back, as claws.
RE-TRACT', V. i. To take back ; to unsay ; to withdraw
concession or declaration.
RE-TRACT', n. Among horsemen, the prick of a horse's foot
in nailing a shoe.
RE-TRACT'A-BLE, a. That may be retracted or recalled.
RE-TRACTATE, v. t. [L. retractatus.] To recant ; to unsay
RE-TRAC-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. retractatio.] The recall-
ing of what has been said , recantation ; change 01
opinion declared.
RE-TRACT'ED, pp. Recalled; recanted; disavowed.
RE-TR ACT'I-BLE, a. That may be drawn oack ; retractile
Journ. of Science.
RE-TRACT'iLE, a. Capable of being drawn back.
RE-TRACT'ING, ppr. Recalling ; disavowing ; recanting
RE-TRACTION, ?!. L The act of withdrawingsometliing
advanced, or changing something done. 2. Recantation ;
iisavowal of the truth of what has been said ; declaration
of change of opinion. 3. Act of withdrawing a claim.
RE-TRACT'IVE, a. Withdrawing ; taking from.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL UNITE € as K ; G as J 3 S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
RET
700
REV
KE-TRA€T'I\'E, n. That which withdraws or takes from.
IEE-TRaICT', (re-trate')7i. Retreat. [See Retreat.] Bacon.
RE-TRaIT', 71. [It. ritratto.] A cast of couiitenance ; a
picture. Spe7iser.
RE-TRAX'IT, 71. [L. retraho, retraxi.] In law, the with-
drawing or open renunciation of a suit in court, by which
the plaintiff loses his action.
RE-TReAT', 71. [Fr. retraite ; L, retractus.] 1. The act
of retiring ; a withdrawing of one's self from any place.
2. Retirement ; state of privacy or seclusion from noise,
bustle or company. 3. Place of retirement or privacy.
4. Place of safety or secui-ity. — 5. In military affairs,
the retiring of an aimy or body of men from the face of
an enemy, or from any ground occupied, to a greater dis-
tance from the enemy, or from an advanced position. A
retreat is properly an orderly march, in which circum-
stance it differs from a fiight. 6. The withdrawing of a
ship or fleet from an enemy 3 or the order and disposition
of ships declining an engagement. 7. The beat of the
drum at the hring of the evening gun, to warn soldiers to
forbear firing and the sentinels to challenge.
RE-TReAT', v. i. 1. To retire from any position or place.
2. To withdraw to a private abode or to any secluded sit-
uation. 3. To retire to a place of safety or security, 4.
To move back to a place before occupied ; to retire. 5.
lo retire from an enemy or ft-om any advanced position.
RE-TReAT'ED, as a passive participle, though used by
Jililton, is not good English.
RE-TRENCH', v. t. [Fr. retrancher.] 1. To cut off; to
pare away. 2. To lessen ; to abridge ; to curtail. 3. To
confine; tolunit; [not proper.] Addison.
RE-TREXCH', v. i. To live at a less expense.
RE TREXCH'ED, (re-trenchf) /'i?. Cutoff; curtailed.
RETRENCHING, ppr. Cutting off ; curtailing.
RE-TRENCH'31ENT, 71. [Fr. retraacliement ; Sp. atrinche-
ramiento.] I. The act of lopping off; tbe act of removing
v/hat is superfluous. 2. The act of curtailing, lessening
or abridging ; diminution. — 3. In military affairs, any
work raised to cover a post and fortify it against an ene-
my. Encnc.
* RE TRIB UTE, v. t. [Fr. retrihuer ; L. retribuo.] To pay
back ; to make payment, compensation or reward in leturn.
*RE TRIB'U-TED,p;). Paid back; given in return; re-
warded.
RE-TRIB U-TER, n. One that makes retribution.
*RE-TRIB'U-TING,2J;?7-. Requiting; making repayment;
rewarding.
RET-RI-BC'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. Repayment; return accom-
modated to the action ; reward ; compensation. 2. A
gratuity or present given for services in the place of a
salary. 3. The distribution of rewards and punishments
at the general judgment.
RE-TRIB U-TlVE, ) a. Repaving ; rewarding for good
RE-TRIB'U-TO-RY, \ deeds, and punishing for offenses.
RE-TRIeV'A-BLE, a. That may be retrieved or recovered.
RE-TRIeVE', v. t. [Fr. retrouver ; It. ritrovare.] 1. To
recover ; to restore from loss or injury to a foimer good
state. 2. To repair. 3. To regain. 4. To recall; to
bring back.
fRE-TRlEVE', n. A seeking again ; a discovery
RE-TRIeV' ED, (re-treevd' );>;). Recovered; re
gainedj recalled.
RE-TRIeV'1NG, ppr. Recovering ; repairing; recalling.
RET-RO-AC TION, n. [L. retro., and action.] 1. Action
returned, or action backwards. 2. Operation on something
past or preceding.
RET-RO-AC TIVE, a. [Fr. retroactif.] Operating by return-
ed action ; affecting what is past ; retrospective.
RET-RO-A€'TIVE-LY, adv. By returned action or opera-
tion ; by operating on something past.
RET-RO-CeDE', v. t. [L, retro and cedo ; Fr. retroceder.]
To cede or grant back ; as, to retrocede a territory to a
former proprietor.
RET-RO-CeU'ED, pp. Granted back.
RET-RO-CeD ING, ppr. Ceding back.
RET-RO-CES'SION, n. 1. A ceding or granting back to
a former proprietor. 2. The act of going back.
RET-RO-UUC TION, 71. [L.. retroduco.] A bringing back.
RET'RO-FLEX, a. [1.. retro and flexus.] In botany, bent
this wav and that, or in different directions.
RETiRO-FRACT, ) a. [L. retro and fractus.] Reduced
RET-RO-FRACT'ED, \ to hang down as it were by force
so as to appear as if broken.
RET-RO-GRA-Da TION, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of moving
backwards ; applied to the apparent motion of the planets.
2. A movins backwards ; decline in excellence.
RET'RO-GRADE, a. [Fr. ; L. retrogradior.] 1. Going or
moving backwards.— 2. In astronomy, apparently moving
backward and contrary to the succession of the signs, as
a planet. 3. Declining from a better to a worse state.
RET'RO-GRADE, v. i. [Fr. retrograder ; L. retrogradior.]
To eo or move backward. Bacon.
RET RO-GRADE, v. t. To cause to go backward.
RET-RO-GRES SION;, n. The act of going backward.
RET-RO-GRESS'IVE, a. Going or moving backward ; d
dining from a more perfect to a less perfect state.
RET-RO-MIN'GEN-CY, u. [L. retro and mingo.] The act
or quality of discharging the contents of the bladder back
wards.
RET-RO-MIN'GENT, a. Discharging the urine backwards
RET-RO-MIN'GENT, n. In zoology, an animal that dis-
charges its urine backwards.
RET-RO-PUL'SIVE, a. [L. retro and pulsus.] Driving
back ; repelling. Med. Repos.
RE-TRORSELY, (re-trors'ly) adv. [L. retrorsum.] In a
backward direction. Eaton.
RET'RO-SPECT, 7?. [L. retro and specio.] A looking back
on tilings past ; view or contemplation of something past.
RET-RO-SPEC'TION, n. 1. The act of looking back on
things past. 2. The faculty of looking back on past things.
RET-RO-SPECT'IVE, a. 1. Looking back on past events.
2. Having reference to what is past ; affecting things past
RET-RO-SPE€T'IVE-LY, adv. By way of retrospect.
RET-RO-VER'SION, 77. A turning or falling backwards.
RET'RO-VERT, v. t. To turn back.
RET'RO-VERT-ED, a. [1.. retro and verto.] Turned back
RE-TRtiDE', V. t. [L. reirudo.] To thrust back.
fRE-TRuSE', a. [L.retrusus.] Hidden ; abstruse.
RE-TUND', V. t. [L. retundo.] To blunt ; to turn ; to dull.
RE-TURN', V. i. [Fr. retourner ; It. ritornare ; Sp. retor-
nar.] 1. To come or go back to the same place. 2. To
come to the same state. 3. To answer. 4. To come
again ; to revisit. 5. To appear or begin again after a
periodical revolution. 6. To show fresh signs of mercy
To repent of sin. Scripture.
RE-TURN', V. t. I. To bring, carry or send back. 2. To
repay. 3. To give in recompense or requital. 4. To
give back in reply. 5. To tell, relate or communicate.
6. To retort ; to recriminate. 7. To render an account,
usually an oflicial account to a superior. 8. To render
back to a tribunal or to an office. 9. To report ofiicially
10. To send; to transmit; to convey.
RE-TURN', n. 1. The act of coming or going back to the
same place. 2. The act of sending back. 3. The act of
putting in the former place. 4. Retrogression ; the act of
moving back. 5. The act or process of corning back to a
former state. 6. Revolution; a peri«*/lical coming to the
same point. 7. Periodical renewal. 8. Repayment ; re-
imbursement in kind or in something equivalent, for mon-
ey expended or advanced, or for labor. 9, Profit ; advan-
tage. JO. Remittance ; payment from a distant place. 11.
Repayment; retribution; requital. 12. Act of restoring or
giving back ; restitution. 13. Either of the adjoinuig
sides of the front of a house or ground-plot, is called a re-
turn side. — 14. In law, the rendering back or delivery of
a writ, precept or execution, to the proper olficer or court ;
or the certificate of the ofiicer executing it, indorsed. 15.
A day in bank. The day on which the defendant is or-
dered to appear in court, and the sheriff is to bring in the
writ, and report his proceedings, is called the return of the
writ. — 16. In military and naval affairs, an official account,
report or statement rendered to the commander.
RE-TURN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be returned or restored.
— 2. In Za?c, that is legally to be returned, delivered, given
or rendered.
RE-TURN'-DAY, n. The day when tlie defendant is to
appear in court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and
his proceedings.
RE-TURN'ED, (re-turnd') ;?;?. Restored; given or sent back.
RE-T17RN'ER, 77. One who returns; one that repays or
remits monej".
RE-TURN'ING, ppr. Giving, carrving or sending back.
RE-TURN'ING-OF'FI-CER, 77. The officer whose duty it
is to make returns of writs, precepts, juries, &c.
RE-TURN'LESS, a. Admitting no return. [LiPJe used.]
RE-TuSE', a. [L. retusus.] In botany, a retusc leaf is one
' ending in a blunt sinus. Lee.
RE-UN'ION, 71. 1. A second union ; union formed anew
after separation or discord. — 2. In medicine, union of parts
separated by wounds or accidents.
RE-U-NlTE', V. t. [re and unite.] 1. To unite again ; to
join after separation. 2. To reconcile after variance.
RE-U-NlTE', V. i. To be united again ; to join and cohere
again ._
RE-U-NiT'ED, pp. United or joined again ; reconciled.
tRE-U-Nl'TION, 7!. Second conjunction. Knatchhull.
RE-U-NiT ING.p/^r. Uniting again ; reconciling.
REuS'SITE, 77. [from Rev^s.] A sah.
RE-VAL-U-A'TION, 77. A fresh valuation.
REVE, 77. [Sax. gerefa.] The bailiff of a franchi',e or
manor. It is usually written reeve.
RE-VeAL', 77. t. [Fr. reveler^ L,. revelo.] 1. To disclose;
to discover ; to show ; to make known something before
unknown or concealed. 2. To disclose, discover or make
known from heaven.
RE-VeAL', 7J. A revealing; disclosure. Brown.
RE-VeAL'ED, (re-veeld') pp. Discl()sed; discovered ; made
known ; laid open.
* See Synopsii A, E I O V,Y,long.—FkR,FAhL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, JL^RiNE, BIRD ,— i Obanltie
REV
701
REV
RE-VSAI/EIl, n. 1. One that discloses or makes known.
2. One that brings to view. Dryden.
EE-VeAL'ING, ppr. Disclosing; discovering; making
known.
RE-VeAL'MENT, n. The act of revealing. [L. u.] South.
RE-VEII/LE, I .^ „^r„^, S n. [Fr. reveiller.] In military
BEV'EL-LY, \ (-re-veiya; | affairs, the beat of drum
about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the
soldiers to rise and for the sentinels to forbear challenging.
[This word might well be anglicizedrer'e/Zi/.]
REVEL, V. i. [D. revelen.] 1. To feast with loose and
clamorous merriment ; to carouse ; to act the bacchanalian.
2. To move playfully or without regularity.
REV EL, n. A feast with loose and noisy jollity.
RE-VEL'. V. t. [L. revello.'] To draw back ; to retract ;
to make' a revulsion. Harvey.
REV-E-La'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. revelatiLs.] 1. The act of
disclosing to others what was before unknown to them ;
appropriately, the disclosure or communication of truth to
men by God himself, or by his authorized agents, the
prophets and ipostles. 2. That which is revealed ; appro-
priately, the sacred truths which God has communicated
to man for his instruction and direction. 3. The Apoca-
lypse ; the last book of the sacred canon.
RE'V'EL-LER, n. One who feasts with noisy merriment.
REV'EL-ING, ppr. Feasting with noisy merriment.
REV EL-LNG, n. Afeasting with noisy merriment ; revehy.
Gal. V.
REVEL-ROUT, n. 1. Tumultuous festivity. 2. A mob ;
a rabble tumultuously assembled ; an unlawful assembly.
REVEL-RY, n. iVoisy festivity ; clamorous jollity.
RE-VEX DI-CATE, v. t. [Fr. revendiquer.] To reclaim
what has been taken away ; to claim to have restored
what has been seized.
RE-VEN D,I-€A-TED, pp. Reclaimed; regained.
RE-VEX DI-€A-TIXG, p;?r. Reclaiming; recovering.
RE-VEX'^-DI-€a'TIOX, n. [Fr.] The act of reclaiming or
demanding the restoration of any thing taken by an ene-
my ; as by right of postliminium.
RE-VEX6E', (re-venj') t. t. [Fr. revancher, venger ; Sp.
vengar.l^ 1. To inflict pain or injury in return for an in-
jury received. 2. To inflict pain deliberately and mali-
ciously, contrary to the laws of justice and humanity, in
return for injury received. 3. To vindicate by punish-
ment of an enemy.
RE-VEXGE , (re-venj') 72. \¥x. revanche.'] 1. Return of an
injury ; the deliberate infliction of pain or injury on a per-
son in return for an injury received from. him. 2. A
malicious or spiteful infliction of pain or injury, contrary
to the laws of justice and Christianity, in return for an
injury or offense. 3. The passion which is excited by an
injury done or an affront given.
RE-VEX*G'ED, (re-venjd');/p. Punished in return for an
injury ; spitefully punished.
RE- YEXGE FUL, a. 1. Full of revenge or a desire to inflict
pain or evil for injury received; spiteful; malicious;
wreakins revenge. 2. Vindictive : inilicting punishment.
RE-VEX6E'FUL-LY, (re-venj ful-ly) adv. By way of re-
venge ; vindictively ; with the spirit of revense. Dryden.
RE-VEXGE'FUL-XESS, 7i. Vnidictiveness. More.
RE-ATIXGE'LESS, (re-venj les) a. Unrevenged. Marston.
RE-VEXGE'MEXT,7i. Revenge ; return of an injury. [L. «.]
RE-VEXG'ER, n. 1. One who revenges; one who inflicts
pain on another spitefully in return for an injury. 2. One
who inflicts just punishment for injuries ; [less proper.]
RE-VEXG IXG, ppr. 1. Inflicting pain or evil spitefully for
injurv or affront received. 2. Vindicating ; punishing.
RE-VEXG'IXG-LY, adv. With revenge ; with the spirit of
revenge ; vindictively. Shak.
*REV'E-XUE, 71. [FT.revenu: L,. revenio.] 1. In a. gener-
al sense, the annual rents, profits, interest or issues of any
species of property, real or personal, belonging to an in-
dividual or to the public. When used of individuals, it is
equivalent to income. — In modern usage, income is applied
more generally to the rents and profits of individuals, and
revenue to those of the state. 2. The annual produce of
taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, &;c. which a nation
or state collects and receives into the treasury for public
use. 3. Return ; reward. 4. A fleshy lump on the head
of a deer.
t RE-VERB' 1-. t. To reverberate. Shak.
RE-VERB'ER-AXT, a. [l..reverberans.] Returning sound ;
resounding ; driving back. Shak.
RE-VERB'ER-ATE, t;. t. [L. reverb ero.] 1. To return, as
sound ; to send back ; to echo. 2. To send or beat back ;
to i-epel ; to reflect. 3. To send or drive back ; to repel
from side to side.
RE-VERB'ER-ATE, v. i. I. To be driven back ; to be re-
pelled, as ravs of light, or sound. 2. To resound.
RE-VERB'ER-ATE, a. Reverberant. Shak.
RE-VERB ER-A-TED,^p. Driven back ; sent back ; driven
% from side to side.
RE-VERB ER-A-TIXG, ppr. Driving or sending back; re-
flecting, as light ; echoing, as sound.
RE-VERB-ER-A'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of driving or send
ing back ; particularly, the act of reflecting light £ind heat,
or repelling sound.
RE-VERB ER-A-TO-RY, a. Returning or drivmg back.
RE-VERB'ER-A-TO-RY, n. A furnace with a kind of dome
that reflects the flame upon a vessel placed within it, so
as tq_surround it.
RE-VeRE', v. t. [Fr. reverer ; It. reverire ; L. revereor.]
To regard with fear mingled with respect and affection ,
to venerate ; to reverence ; to honor in estimation.
RE-VeR'ED, (re-veerd ) pp. Regarded with fear mingled
with respect and affection.
REV'ER-EXCE, n. [Fr. ; L. reverentia.] I. Fear mingled
with respect and esteem ; veneration. — Reverence is near-
ly equivalent to veneration, but expresses something less
of the same emotion. It differs from awe, which is an
emotion compounded of fear, dread or terror, with adnii-
I ration of something great, but not necessarily implying
love or affection. We feel reverence for a parent, and for
an upright magistrate, but we stand in awe of a tyrant.
2. An act of respect or obeisance ; a bow or courtesy. 3.
A title of the clergy. 4. A poetical title of a father.
REV'ER-EXCE, v. t. To regEird witn reverence ; to regard
with fear mingled with respect and affection.
REVER-EXCED, pp. Regarded with fear mingled with
respect and affection.
REV''ER-EX"-CER, n. One that regards with reverence.
REVER-EX-CIXG, ppr. Regarding with fear mixed with
respect and affection.
REVER-EXD, a. [Fr. ; L. reverendu^.] 1. Worthy of rev-
erence ; entitled to respect mingled with fear and affec-
tion. 2. A title of respect given to the clergy or ecclesi-
astics,
REV'ER-EX'T, a. 1. Expressing reverence, veneration or
submission. 2. Submissive ; humble ; impressed with
reverence.
REV-ER-EX'TIAL, a. [from reverence.] Proceeding from
reverence, or expressing it. South.
REV-ER-EX'TIAL-LY, adv. With reverence, or show of
reverence. Brown.
REV ER-EXT-LY, adv. 1. With reverence ; with respect-
ful regard. 2. With veneration ; with fear of what is
great or terrifying.
RE-VeR'ER, 7?'. One who reveres or venerates.
REV ER-IE. See Revert.
RE-VeR IXG, ppr. Regarding with fear mixed with re-
spect and affection ; veneratmg.
RE-VERS' AL, a. Intended to reverse ; implying reverse.
B timet.
RE-VERS'AL, n. A change or overthrowing.
RE-VERSE', (re-vers') v. t. [L. reversus.] 1. To turn up-
side domi. 2. To overturn ; to subvert. 3. To turn
back. 4. To turn to the contrary. 5. To put each in the
place of the other. — 6. In laic, to overthrow by a contra-
rv decision ; to make void ; to annul. 7. To recall ; [obs.]
IRE- VERSE', (re-vers') i-. i. To return. Spenser.
RE-VERSE', (re-vers) ?). 1. Change ; vicissitude ; a turn
of affairs ; in a good sense. 2. Change for the worse ;
misfortune. 3. A contrary ; an opposit'e. 4. [Fr. revers.]
The reverse of a medal or coin is the second or back side,
opposite to that on which the head or principal figure is
impressed.
RE-VERS'ED, (re-versf) pp. 1. Turned side for side or end
for end ; changed to the contrary. — 2. In lajc, overthrown
or annulled — 3. a. In botany, resupinate ; having the upper
lip larser and more expanded than the lower.
RE-VERS ED-LY, adv. In a reversed manner. South.
RE-VERSE'LESS, a. Xot to be reversed ; iiTeversible.
RE-VERSE'LY. adv. On the other hand ; on the opposite
RE-VERS I-BLE, a. That may be reversed.
RE-VERS'IXG, ppr. Turning upside down ; subverting
turning the contrary way ; annulling,
RE-VER'SIOX, 7?. [Fr. ; L. reversio.] 1. In a general sense,
a retummg ; appropriately, in law, the returning of an
estate to the grantor or his heirs, after a particular estate
is ended. 2. The residue of an estate left in the grantor,
to commence in possession after the determination of the
particular estate granted. 3. Succession ; right to future
possession or enjoyment. — 4. In algebra, reversion of se-
ries, a kind of reversed operation of an infinite series.
RE-VER SIOX-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a reversion, that is,
to be enjoyed in succession, or after the determination of
a particular estate.
RE-VER SIOX^-ER, n. The person who has a reversion, or
who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular
estate sranted is determined.
RE-VERT', V. t. [L. reverto.] 1. To turn back ; to turn to
the contrary ; to reverse. "2. To drive or turn back ; to
reverberate.
RE- VERT', V. i. 1. To return ; to fall back.— 2. In law, to
return to the proprietor, after the determinalio' of a par-
ticular estate.
RE-VERT', 71. In music, return ; recurrence ; antistrophe
Peacham.
* See SimnpsL'i. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UXITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thtJi. f
REV
702
REV
SE-VERT'ED, jrp. Reversed ; turned back.
KE-VERT'Ei«T, n. A medicine which restores the natural
order of the inverted, irritatii e motions in the animal sys-
tem. Darwin.
RE-VERT' t-bLE, a. That may revert or return.
RE-VERT'ING, pjjr. Turning back ; returning.
RE-VERT'IVE, a. Changing ; reversing. Thomson.
* REV'ER-Y, ) n. [Fr. reverie. It is often written in Eng-
* REV ER-IE, \ lish as in French.] 1. Properly, a raving
or delirium ; but its sense, as generally used, is a loose or
irregular train of thoughts, occurring in musing or medi-
tation j wild, extravagant conceit of the fancy or imagina-
tion. 2. A chimera ; a vision.
RE-VEST', V. t, [Fr. revitir.] 1. To clothe again. 2. To
reinvest ; to vest again with possession or office. 3. To
lay out in something less fleeting than money.
RE- VEST', v.i. To take effect again, as a title ; to return
to a former owner.
RE-VEST'ED, pp. Clothed again ; invested anew.
RE-VEST'IA-RY, n. [Fr. revestiaire ; L. revestio.l The
place or apartment in a church or temple where the dresses
are deposited.
RE-VET'MEiNT, n. [Fr. revitement.] In fortification , a
strong wall on the outside of a rampart, intended to sup-
port the earth.
RE-Vi'BRATE, v. i. [re and vibrate.] To vibrate back or
in return.
RE-VI-BRa'TION, n. The act of vibrating back.
tRE-VI€'TION, n. [L. re and victum.] Return to life.
RE-VICT'UAL, (re-vit'tl) v. t. [re and victual.] To furnish
again with provisions. Raleigh.
RE-VICT'UALED, (re-vit'tld) pp. Furnished with victuals
again.
RE-VICT'UAL-ING, (re-vit'tl-ing) ppr. Supplying again
withj)rovisions.
f-RE-VlE', V. t. [re and vie.] To accede to the proposal of a
stakeand to overtop it. B. Jonsori.
f RE-ViE', v.i. To return the challenge of a wager at cards ;
to make a rotort. Trial of the seven Bishops.
RE-VIEW, (re-vu') v. t. [re and view ; or Fr. revoir, rcvu.]
1. To look back on. Denham. 2. To see again. 3. To
view and examine again ; to reconsider ; to revise. 4. To
retrace, 5. To survey ; to inspect ; to examine the state
of any thing, particularly of troops.
RE-VIEW, (re-vu') n. [Fr. revue.] 1. A second or repeated
view ; a re-examination ; resurvey. 2. Revision ; a sec-
ond examination with a view to amendment or improve-
ment. — 3. In vdlitary avoirs., an examination or inspection
of troops under arms, by a general or commander, for the
purpose of ascertaining the state of their discipline, equip-
ments, &c. — 4. In literature, a critical examination of a
new publication, with remarks. 5. A periodical pam-
phlet containing examinations or analyses of new publica-
tions.
RE-VIEWED, (re-vude') pp. Resurveyed ; re-examined ;
inspected ; critically analyzed.
RE-VIEWER, (re-vu'er) n. One that reviews or re-exam-
ines ; an inspector ; one that critically examines a new
publication, and communicates his opinion upon its merits.
RE- VIEWING, ppr. Looking back on ; seeing again ; re-
vising ; re-examining ; inspecting, as an army ; critically
examining and remarking on.
tRE-VIG'OR-ATE, v t. [re and vigor.] To give new
vigor to.
RE-VlLE', V. t. [re and vile.] To reproach ; to treat with
opprobrious and contemptuous language.
|RE-VlLE', M. Reproach; contumely; contemptuous lan-
guage. Milton.
RE-VlL'ED, (re-vild') pp. Reproached ; treated with op-
probrious or contemptuous language.
f RE-ViLE'MENT, 7?,. Reproach; contemptuous language.
RE-ViL'ER, n. One who reviles another ; one who treats
another with contemptuous language.
RE-ViL'ING, jjpr. Reproaching; treating with language of
contempt.
RE-VlL'ING, n. The act of reviling or treating with re-
nroachful words. Is. li.
RE-VlL'ING-LY, adv. With reproachful or contemptuous
language ; with opprobrium.
RE-VIN'DI-€ATE, v.t. To vindicate again; to reclaim;
to demand and take back what has been lost.
RE-VlS'AL, n. Revision ; the act of reviewing and re-
examining for correction and improvement,
RE-VlSE', V. t. [L. revisus, revise] 1. To review; to re-
examine ; to look over with care for correction. 2. To
review, alter and amend.
RE-VTSE', n. 1. Review; re-examination. 2. Among prin-
ters, a second proof sheet ; a proof sheet taken after the
iirstcorrection.
RE-VlS'ED, (re-vlzd') pp. Reviewed; re-examined for
correction.
RE-Vi.S'ER,n. One thatrevisesorre-examines for correction,
EE-VIS'ING, ppr. Reviewing , re-examining for correc-
tion.
RE-VI"SION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of reviewing ; review ,
re-examination for correction. 2. Enumeration of inhab^
itants.
lllvi'SKl^RY, i «• Pertaining to revision,
RE-VIS'IT, w. t. [Fr. revisiter; 1,. revisito^] To visit again.
Pope.
RE-VIS-IT-A'TION, n. The act of revisiting.
RE-VIS'IT-ED, pp. Visited again.
RE-VIS'IT-ING, p;?r. Visiting again.
RE-Vl'SOR, n. In Russia, one who has taken the number
of inhabitants. Tooke.
RE-Vi'VAL, n. 1. Return, recall or recovery to life from
death or apparent death, 2, Return or recall to activity
from a state of languor. 3. Recall, return or recovery
from a state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression
4, Renewed and more active attention to religion; an
awakening of men to their spiritual concerns,
RE-VIVE', V. i. [Fr, revivre ; L. revivisco.] 1. To return to
life ; to recover life, 2. To recover new life or vigor ; to
be reanimated after depression. 3. To recover from a
state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression. — 4, In
chemistry, to recover its natural state, as a metal,
RE-VlVE', V. t. 1, To bring agahi to life ; to reanimate,
2. To raise from languor, depression or discouragement ;
to rouse. 3. To renew ; to bring into action after a sus-
pension, 4. To renew in the mind or memory ; to re-
call. 5. To recover from a state of neglect or depression.
6, To recomfort ; to quicken ; to refresh with joy or hope.,
7, To bring again into notice, — 8, In cheiuistry, to restore
or reduce to its natural state or to its metallic state.
RE-ViV'ED, (re-vlvd') pp. Brought to hfe ; reanimated j
renewed ; recovered ; quickened ; cheered ; reduced to a
metallic state,
RE-VlV'ER, n. That which revives; that which invigor-
ates or refreshes ; one that redeems from neglect or de-
pression,
RE-VIV'I-FI-€ATE, v. t. [J r, revivifier ; L, re and vivifi-
co.] To revive ; to recall or restore to life. [Little used.]
RE-VIV-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. Renewal of life ; restoration
of life ; or the act of recalling to life. — 2. In cheviistry, the
reduction of a metal to its metalic state.
RE-VIV'I-F-y, V. t. [Fr, revivifier.] 1. To recall to life ; to
reanimate, 2, To give new life or vigor to.
RE-VlV'ING, j?pr. Bringing to life again; reanimating;
renewing ; recalling to the memory,
REV-I-VIS'CENCE, ) n. Renewal of life ; return to life
REV-I-VIS'CEN-CY, \ Burnet.
REV-I-VIS'CENT, a. Reviving ; regaining or restoring life
or action, Darwin.
RE-Vi'VOR, 71. In laio, the reviving of a suit which is
abated by the death of any of the parties.
REV'0-€A-BLE, a, [Fr ; 1.. revocabilis.] That may be re-
called or revoked ; that may be repealed or annulled.
REV'0-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being revoca-,
ble.
fREVO-CATE, v.t. [L. revoco.] To recall ; to call back.
See Revoke.
REV-0-€a'TION, n. [Fr., from L. revocatio.] 1. The act
of recalling or calling back. 2. State of being recalled
Howell. 3. Repeal ; reversal.
t REV'0-€A-TO-RY, a. Revoking; recalling. World of
Wonders.
RE-V6KE', v.t. [Fr. revoquer ; L. revoco.] 1. To recall ;
to repeal ; to reverse. 2. To check ; to repress ; [obs.]
3. To draw back ; [unusual.]
RE-VoKE', V. i. To renounce at cards,
RE-VoKE', n. The act of renouncing at card«,
RE-VoK'ED, (re-vokf) pp. Repealed ; reversed,
RE-VoKE'MENT, n. Revocation ; reversal. [Little used.]
RE-VoK'ING, joj7r. Reversing; repealing.
* RE-VOLT', v.i. [Fr, revolter ; It. rivoltare.] 1. To foil
off or turn from one to another, 2. To renounce alle-
giance and subjection to one's prince or state ; to reject
the authority of a sovereign. 3. To change; [obs.] — 4. In
Scripture, to disclaim allegiance and subjection to God.
*RE-VOLT', V. t. 1. To turn ; to put to flight ; to overturn.
Burke. 2, To shock ; to do violence to ; to cause to
shrink or turn away with abhorrence,
* RE-VOLT', Ti, I. Desertion ; change of sides; more err
rectly, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to one's
prince or government. 2, Gross departure from duty
Shak. — 3. In Scripture, a rejection of divine government
4. A revolter ; [obs.] Shak.
*RE-VOLT'ED, pp. 1. Having swerved from allegiance or
duty. 2. Shocked ; grossly offended.
* RE-VOLT'ER, 71. 1. One who changes sides ; a deserter.
2. One who renounces allegiance and subjection to his
prince or state.
* RE-VOLT' ING, ppr, 1. Changing sides ; desertmg. 2
Disclaiming allegiance and subjection to a prince or state
3, Rejecting the authority of God. 4, a. Doing violence, #
as to the fee'ings ; exciting abhorrence.
REV'0-LU-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may revolve. Cotgrave.
See Synopsis A, E I^ 6, U, Y, long.— FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;--PREY ;— PIN, MARINE BIRD ;— f Obsolete
RHE
VOJ
RHY
EEV O-LUTE, a. [L. revolutus.l In botany, rolled back or
downwards.
REV-O-LU'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. revolutus.] 1. In physics,
rotation ; the circular motion of a body on its axis ; a
course or motion which brings every point of the sur-
face or periphery of a body back to the place at which it
began to move. 2. The motion of a body round any fixed
point or centre. 3. Motion of any thing which brings it
to the same point or state. 4. Continued course marked
by the regular return of years. 5. Space measured by
some regular return of a revolving body or of a state of
things. — 6. In politics, a material or entire change in the
constitution of government. 7. Motion backward. Jii/fo«.
REV-O-Lu'TlON-A-R Y, a. 1. Tertaining to a revolution in
government. Burke, 2. Tending to produce a revolu-
tion.
REV-O-LU'TION-ER,, n I. A revolutionist. Ramsay. 2.
In England, one who favored the revolution in 1688.
Smollet.
REV-0-Lu'TION-IST, n. One engaged in effecting a
change of government; the favorer of a revolution.
Burke.
REV-O-LtJ'TION-lZE, v. t. I. To effect a change in the
form of a political constitution. Jimes. 2. To effect an
entire change of principles in. J. M. Mason.
REV-O-LO'TION-lZED, pp. Changed in constitutional
form and principles.
REV-0-Lu'TION-lZ-ING, ' ppr. Changing the form and
principles of a constitution.
RE-VOLVE', V. i. [Old Fr. revolver ; L. rc-olvo.'] To roll
in a circle ; to perform a revolution ; to fall back ; to re-
turn.
RE-VOLVE', V. t. [L. revolvo.] To roll any thing round ;
to consider ; to meditate upon. Shak.
RE-VOLV'EN-CY, n. State, act or principle of revolving ;
revolution. Cowper.
RE-VOM'IT, V. t. [re and vomit ; Fr. revo7nir.] To vomit
or pour forth again ; to reject from the stomach.
RE-VOM'IT-ED, pp. Vomited again.
RE-VOM'IT-ING, ;>pr. Vomiting again.
RE-VUL'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. revulsus.] 1. In medicine, the
act of turning or diverting a flux of humors or any cause
of disease, from one part of the body to another. 2. The
act of holding or drawing back.
RE-VUL'SIVE, a. Having the power of revulsion.
RE-VUL'SIVE, n. 1. That which has the power of divert-
ing humors from one part to another. 2. That which has
the power of withdrawing. ii'e/L
f REW, rt. A row. Spenser.
RE-WARD', V. t. [Norm, regarder ; Fr. and Norm, guer-
don.]' To give in return, either good or evil.
RE-WARD', n. 1. Recompense, or equivalent return for
good done, for kindness, for services and the like. 2. The
fruit of men's labor or works. 3. A bribe ; a gift to per-
vert justice. Dcut. xxvii. 4. A sum of money offered for
taking or detecting a criminal, or for recovery of any
thing lost. 5. Punishment ; a just return of evil or suf-
fering for wickedness. 6. Return in human applause.
Matt. vi. 7. Return in joy and comfort. Ps. xix.
RE-WARD'A-BLE, a. That may be rewarded ; worthy of
recompense. Hooker,
RE-WARD'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being worthy of
reward. Goodman.
RE-WARD'ED, pp. Requited ; recompensed or punished.
RE-WARD'ER, n. One who rewards ; one that requites
or recompenses. Heb. xi. Addison.
RE-WARD'ING, ppr. Making an equivalent return for good
or evil ; requiting ; recompensing.
fRE-WoRD', V. t. To repeat in the same words.
RE-WRlTE', V. t. To write a second time.
RE-WRIT TEN, 7>j». Written again. Kent.
REYS, 71. The master of an Egyptian bark or ship.
RHA-BAR'BA-RATE, a. Impregnated with rhubart.
RHAB-DOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. pafiSog and \oyos.] The act or
art of computing or numbering by Napier's rods or Na-
pier's bones.
RHAB'DO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. pa(iSoi and pavreia.] Divina-
tion by a rod or wand. Brown.
RHAPSODIC, \ a. Pertaining to or consisting of rliap-
RfJAP-SOD'I-CAL, \ sody ; unconnected.
RHAP'SO-DIST, n. I. One that writes or speaks without
regular dependence of one part of his discourse on another.
2. One who recites or sings rhapsodies for a livelihood;
or one who makes and repeats verses extempore. — 3. .An-
ciently, one whose profession was to recite the verses of
Homer and other poets.
RHAP'SO-DY, n. [Gr. pai/zw^ta.] Originally, a discourse in
verse, sung or rehearsed by a fhapsodist { or a collection
of verses. — In modern usage, a collection of passages,
thoughts or authorities, composing a new piece, but with-
out necessary dependence or natural connection. Locke.
RHElN'-BER-RY, n. Buckthorn, a plant. Johnson.
RHe'NISH, a. Pertaining to the river Rhine, or to Rheims
in France.
RHe'TIAN, a. Pertaining to the ancient Rheeti, or to Rhas-
tia, their country.
RHe'TOR, 71. [L. ; Gr. p>?ra)p.] A rhetorician. [Littleused.\
RHET'O-Rie, n. [Gr. pnropiKT].] 1. The art of speaking
with propriety, elegance and force. 2. The power of per-
suasion or attraction ; that which allures or charms.
RHE-TOR'1-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to rhetoric. 2. Con
taining the rules of rhetoric. 3. Oratorial. More.
RHE-TOR'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of rhetoric
according to the rules of rhetoric.
fRHE-TOli'I-CATE, v. i. To play the orator. Decay vf
Piety.
t RHE-TOR-I-Ca'TION, n. Rhetorical amplification.
RHEl-0-Rl"CIAN, 7j. [Fx.rhetoricien.j 1. One who teaches
the art of rhetoric, or the principles and rules of correct
and elegant speaking. 2. One well versed in the rules
and principles of rhetoric. 3. An orator; [less proper.]
tRIIET-0-Rl"CIAN, a. Suiting a master of rhetoric.
RHET'0-RlZE, v. i. To play the orator. Cotgrace.
RHET'O-RiZE, v. t. To represent by a figure of oratory.
RHEtJM, n. [Gr. pevixj.] 1. An increased and often inflam-
matory action of the vessels of any organ ; but generally
applied to the inflammatory action of the mucous glands,
attended with increased discharge and an altered state of
their excreted fluids. 2. A thin serous fluid, secreted by
themucous glands, &c. ; lis in catarrh.
RIIEu-MAT'lC, a. [L. rheumaticus.] Pertaining to rheu-
matism, or partaking of its nature.
RHEU'MA-TISM, n. [L. rheumatismus.] A painful disease
affecting muscles and joints of the human body, chiefly
the larger joints, as the hips, knees, shoulders, <fcc. Parr.
RHEtJM'Y, a. 1. Full of rh-e-um or watery matter ; consist-
ing of rheum, or partaking of its nature. 2. Affected with
rheum. 3. Abounding with sharp moisture; causingrheum.
RHIME. See Rhyme.
RHi'NO, n._ A cant word for gold and silver, or money.
RHI-NO-Ce'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the rhinoceros ; re
sembling the rhinoceros. Tatler.
RHI-NOC'E-ROS, n. [Fr. rhinoceros, or rhinocerot ; L,. rhi-
noceros.] A genus of quadrupeds of two species, one of
which, the unicorn, has a single horn growing almost
erect from the nose.
RHI-NOC'E-ROS-BiRD, n. A bird of the genus &Mcero5.
RHo'DI-AN, a. Pertaining to the island of Rhodes.
RHo'DI-UM, 7(. A metal recently discovered among grains
of crude platinum.
RHOD-0-DEN'DRON, n. [Gr. poSov and 6£v6pov.] The
dwarf rosebay. Evelyn.
RHOD-0-MON-TaDE'. See RoDOMONTArE.
RHo'DON-ITE, n. A mineral of a red color. Philips.
RHOE'TIZ-ITE, ) n. A mineral ocpurring in masses or in
RHET'IZ-ITE, \ radiated concretions.
* RHOMB, n. [Fr. rhombe ; L. rhombus ; Gr, po/^^aj.] In
geometry, an oblique-angled parallelogram, or a quadri-
kteral figure whose sides are equal and parallel, but the
angles unequal, two of the angles being obtuse and two
acute.
RHOMB'IC, a. Having the figure of a rhomb. Grew.
RHOM'BO, 71. A fish of the turbot kind. Diet. JVat, Hist.
RHOM'BOID, 71. [Gr. popl3og and eiSos.] 1. In geometry, a
figure having some resen.blance to a rhomb ; or a quadri-
lateral figure whose opposite sides and angles are equal,
but which is neither equilateral nor equiangular.— 2. a. In
anatomy, the rhomboid muscle is a thin, broad and ob-
liquely square, fleshy muscle, between the basis of the
~ scapul-i and the spina dorsi.
RHOM-BOID'AL, a. Having the shape of a rhomboid, or a
shape approaching it. Woodward.
RIIOMB'-SPAR, 72. A mineral of a grayish-white.
RHu'BARB, 71. [Syr. raiborig ; L. rhabarbarum.] A plant of
the genus rheum, of several species. The root is medic-
inal and much used as a moderate cathartic.
RHU-BAR'BAR-INE, n. A vegetable substance obtained
from rhubarb. Journ. of Science.
RHUMB, 71. [from rhomb.] In navigation, a vertical circle
of any given place, or the intersection of such a circle
with the horizon ; m which last sense rhmnb is the same
as a point of the compass.
RHUMB'-LlNE, n. In navigation, a line prolonged from
any point of the compass on a nautical chart, except frcm
the four cardinal points.
RHYME, ) 71. [Sax. rim and gcrim; Sw., Dan. rim; D.
RIME, \ rymjG.reim.] 1. In jjoctr?/, the con-espond-
ence of sounds in the terminating words or syllables of
two verses, one of which succeeds the other immediately,
or at no great distance. 2. A harmonical succession of
sounds. 3. Poetry ; a poem. 4. A word of sound to
answer to another word.— Rhyme or reason, number or
sense. Spenser. ^ ^
RHYME, V. i. 1. To accord in sound. 2. To make verses
RHYME, V. t. To put into rhyme, mison.
RHYME'LESS, a. Destitute of rhyme ; not having conso-
nance of sound. Hall.
* Sis iynopns. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTTLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete
RIC
704
RID
RHYM'ER, RH^M'IST, or RHYM'STER, n. One who
makes rhymes ; a versifier ; a poor poet. Dryden.
RHY'MI€, a. Pertaining to rhyme.
RHYTHM, or RHYTH'MUS, n. [Gr. pu0/Ltos.l 1. In music,
variety in the movement as to quickness or slowness, or
length and shortness of the notes j or rather the proportion
which the parts of the motion have to each other. 2.
Metre ; verse ; number. Howell.
RHYTH'MI-€AL, a. [Gr. pvOiiLKos ; L. rhythmicus.] Hav-
ing proportion of sound, or one sound proportioned to an-
other; harmonical. Johnson.
Rl'AL, n. A Span»ish coin. See Real.
Rl'AL, n. [from roynl.] A royal 5 a gold coin of the value
j)f ten shillings sterling, formerly current in Britain.
Rl'ANT, a. [Fr.] Laughing; exciting laughtei. Buck.
RIB, n. [Say. rib, or rLO ; Ice. rif ; G. rippe ; D. rib.] 1.
A bone of animal bodies which forms a part of the frame
of the thorax.— 2. In ship building, a piece of timber which
forms or strengthens the side of a ship.— 3. In botany, the
continuation of the petiole along the middle of a leaf, and
from which the veins take their rise. — 4. In cloth, a prom-
inent line or rising like a rib. 5- [W. rhib.] Something
long, thin and narrow ; a strip.
RIB, V. t. 1. To furnish with ribs. In manufactures, to
form with rising lines and channels. 2. To inclose with
ribs. Shak.
RIB'ALD, n. [Fr. ribaud ; It, ribaldo. ] A low, vulgar, bru-
tal Avretch ; a lewd fellow. Pope.
RIB'ALD, a. Low ; base ; mean. Shak.
RIB'ALD-ISH, a. Disposed to ribaldry. Hall.
RIB'ALD-RY, n. [It. ribalderia.] Mean, vulgar language ;
chiefly, obscene language. Sicift.
RIB' AN, n. In heraldry, the eighth part of a bend.
RIB'AND. See Ribbon.
RIBBED, pp. or a. 1. Furnished with ribs. Sandr/s. 2. In-
closed as with ribs. Shak. 3. Marked or formed with
rising lines and channels.
RIB'BON, I n. [W. rhibin, rhib ; It. ruibin ; Fr. ruban.] I.
RIB'IN, \ A fillet of silk ; a narrow web of silk used for
an ornament, as a badge, or for fastening some part of
female dress. — 2. In naval architecture, a long, narrow,
flexible piece of timber, nailed upon the outside of the
ribs from the stem to the sternpost, so as to encompass the
ship lengthwise ; the principal are the floor-ribbon and
the breadth-ribbon.
RIB'BON, V. t. To adorn with ribbons. Beaumont.
fRIB'IBE, n. [See Rebec] A sort of stringed instrument.
RlB'RoAST, V. t. [rib and roast.] To beat soundly ; a bur-
lesque word. Butler.
RIB'RoAST-ED, pp. Soundly beaten.
RIB'RoAST-ING, ppr. Beating soundly.
RIB'WoRT, n. A plant of the geiwisplantago.
RIO, or RIOK, as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or a
district over which government is exercised, as in bish-
oprick ; Sax. cyne-ric, king-ric. It is the Gothic reiki,
dominion ; Sax. rice or ric.
RIO, as a termination of names, denotes rich or powerful,
as in Alfric, Frederick, like the Greek Folycrates and
Plutarchus. It is the first syllable of Richard ; Sax. ric,
rice. See Rich.
RICE, n. [Fr. riz, or ris ; It. riso ; G. reis, or reiss ; D.
rjjst ,• Dan. ris.] A plant of the genus oryza, and its seed,
used for food.
RlCE'-BiRD, ) n. A bird of the United States, the ,
RiCE'-BUNT-ING, \ emberiza oryzivora. In JVew Eng-
land, it is called bob-lincoln.
RICH,' a. [Fr. riche ; Sp. rico ; It. ricco ; Sax. ric, rice,
ricca ; D.ryk; G.reich.] 1. Wealthy; opulent; possess-
ing a large portion of land, goods or money, or a larger
portion than is common to otlier men or to men of like
rank. 2. Splendid : costly ; valuable ; precious : sump-
tuous. 3. Abundant in materials ; yielding great quanti-
ties of any thing valuable. 4. Abounding in valuable in-
gredients or qualities. 5. Full of valuable achievements
or works. 6. Fertile ; fruitful ; capable of producing
large crops or quantities. 7. Abundant; large. 8. Abun-
dant; affording abundance ; plentiful. 9. Full of beauti-
ful scenery. 10. Abounding with elegant colors. 11.
Plentifully stocked. 12. Strong ; vivid ; perfect. 13.
Having something precious. 14. Abounding with nutri-
tious qualities. 15. Highly seasoned. 16. Abounding
with a variety of delicious food. 17. Containing abun-
dance beyond wants. — 18. In music, fu!l of sweet or har-
monious sounds. — 19. In Scripture, abounding ; highly
endowed. — The rich, used as a noun, denotes a rich man
or person, or more frequently, in the plural, rich men or
persons.
■fRICH, v.t. To enrich. [See Eneich.] Oower.
t RICHED, pp. Enriched. Shak.
RICH'ES, n. [Fr. richesse ; It. ricchezza ; Sp. riqueza.
This
IS m the singular number in fact, but treated as the
plural.] 1. Wealth; opulence; affluence; possessions of
land, goods or money in abundance. 2. Splendid, sump-
tuous appearance. — 3. In Scripture, an abundance of spir-
itual blessings. Luke xvi.
RICH'LY, adv. 1. With riches ; with opulence ; with
abundance of goods or estate ; with ample funds. 2
Gayly ; splendidly ; magnificently. 3. Plenteously ;
abundantly ; amply. 4. Truly ; really ; abundantly ;
fully.
RICHNESS, n. 1. Opulence ; wealth. Sidney. 2. Finery ;
splendor. Johnson. 3. Fextility ; fecundity ; fruitfulness ;
the qualities which render productive. 4. Fullness ;
abundance. 5. Quality of abounding with something
valuable. 6. Abundance of any ingredient or quality
7. Abundance of beautiful scenery. 8. Abundance of
nutritious qualities. 9. Abundance of high seasoning
10. Strength ; vividness ; or whatever constitutes perfec
tion. 11. Abundance of imagery or of strikmg ideas.
RIOK, 7! . [Sax. hreac, or hrig ; li. cruach ; W . crug.] A
heap or pile of grain or hay in the field or open air, but
sheltered with a kind of roof. In.dmerica, we usually
give this name to a long pile ; the round and conical pile
being called stack.
RICKETS, n. [In technical language, rachitis, Gr. pa^ins ;
Sp. raquitio, the rickets.] A disease which aflects chil-
dren, and in which the joints become knotted, and the
less and spine grow crooked.
RICK'ET-Y, a. 1. Afi'ected with riekets. JJrbuthnot. 2
Weak ; feeble in the joints ; imperfect.
RIO'O-CHET, n. [Fr.] In gunnery, the firing of giins
mortars or howitzers with small charges, and elevated a
few degrees, s.o as to carry the balls or shells just over the
parapet, and cause them to roll along the opposite ram-
part.
t RIO'TURE, n. [L. rictura.] A gaping. Diet.
RID, pret. of ride.
RID, V. t. ; pret. and pp. rid. [Sax. ahreddan, or hreddan ;
B. redden ; G. retten, or erretten; Dan. redder.] i. To
free ; to deliver ; properly, to separate, and thus to deliver
or save. 2. To separate ; to drive away. 3. To free ; to
clear; to disencumber. 4. To dispatch. 5. To drive
away ; to remove by violence ; to destroy.
RID, pp. or a. Free ; clear ; as, to be rid of trouble.
RIDDANCE, n. 1. Deliverance; a setting free. 2. Disen
cumbrance. 3. The act of clearing away.
RIDDEN, or RID, pp. of ride.
RID'DING, ppr. Freeing ; clearing ; disencumbering.
RID'DLE, n. [Sax. hriddel ; W. rhidyll.] An instrument
for cleaning grain, being a large sieve with a perforated
bottom.
RID'DLE, V. t. To separate, as grain from the chaff with a
riddle ; as, to riddle wheat.
RID'DLE, n. [Sax. rwdelse ; D. raadzel ; G. rdthsel.] I.
An enigma ; something proposed for conjecture, or that is
to be solved by conjecture ; a puzzling question ; an am-
biguous proposition. Judges xiv. 2. Any thing ambig-
uous or puzzling.
RID'DLE, V. t. To solve ; to explain ; but we generally
use unriddle, which is more proper.
RID'DLE, V. i. To speak ambiguously, obscurely or enig-
matically. Shak.
RID'DLER, n. One who speaks ambiguously
RID'DLING-LY, adv. In the manner of a riddle.
RIDE, V. i. ; pret. rode, or rid ,• pp. rid, ridden. [Sax. ridan ;
G. rcitcn ; D. ryden ; Sw. rida ; Dan. rider.] 1. I'o be
carried on horseback, or on any beast, or in any vehicle
2. To be borne on or in a fluid. 3. To be supported in
motion. 4. To practice riding. 5. To manage a horse
well. 6. To be supported by something subservient ; to
sit. — To ride easy, in seamen's language, is when a ship
does not labor or feel a great strain on her cables. — To
ride hard, is when a ship pitches violently, so as to strain
her cables, masts and hull. — To ride out, as a gale, signi-
fies that a ship does not drive during a storm.
RIDE, 1;. t. 1. To sit on, so as to be carried. 2. To manage
insolently at will. Sicift. 3. To carry , [local.]
RIDE, ?;. 1. An excursion on horseback or in a vehicle.
2. A saddle horse ; [local.] Grose. 3. A road cut in a
wood or through a ground for the amusement of riding ; a
riding.
RiD'ER, n. 1. One who is borne on a horse or other beast,
or in a vehicle. 2. One who breaks or manages a horse.
3. The matrix of an ore. 4. An inserted leaf or an addi-
tional clause, as to a bill in parliament. — 5. In ship build-
ing, a sort of interior rib fixed occasionally in a ship's
hold, opposite to some of the timbers to which they are
bolted, and reaching from the keelson to the beams of the
lower deck, to strengthen her frame.
RIDGE, n. [Sax. rig, ricg, hric, hricg ; Sw. rygg ; D. rug ;
G. riicken.] 1. The back, or top of the back. '^2. A long or
continued range of hills or mountains ; or the upper part
of such a range. 3. A steep elevation, eminence or pro-
tuberance. 4. A long, rising land, or a strip of ground
thrown up by a plough or left between furrows. Ps. Ixv.
5. The top of the roof of a building. 6. Any long eleva-
* See Synopsis A, £, I, O C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete.
RIG
705
RIG
tion of land. — 7. Ridges of a horse^s mouth are wrinkles
or risings of flesh in tne roof of the mouth.
RIDGE, V. t. 1. To form a ridge.— 2. In tillage, to form
into ridges with the plough. 3. To wrinkle.
I11D6 IL, or RIDG'LING, n. The male of any beast half
gelt. Encyc.
f RIDG'ING-LY, adv. After the manner of ridges ; or ridge
by ridge. Huloet.
RID6'Y, a. Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge.
RI.D'I-€ULE, n. [Fr. ; L. ridiculum.] 1. Contemptuous
laughter ; laughter with some degree of contempt ; deri-
sion. 2. Thai species of writing which excites contempt
with laughter.
RID'I-€ULE, V. t. 1. To laugh at with expressions of con-
tempt ; to deride. 2. To treat with contemptuous mer-
riment ; to expose to contempt or derision by writing.
t RID'I-€ULE, a. Ridiculous.
RID'I-€uLED, pp. Treated with laughter and contempt.
RID I-€U-LER, n. One that ridicules. Chesterfield.
RIDI-€U-LIiVG, ppr. Laughing at in contempt.
RI-DI€'U-LOiJS, a. [L. ridiculus ; It. ridicoloso.] That
may justly excite laughter with contempt.
RI-Dl€'U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a manner worthy of con-
temptuous merriment.
RI-DI€'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being ridicu-
Jous.
RiD'ING, PP7-. [from ride.] 1. Passing or traveling on a
beast or in a vehicle ; floating. 2. a. Employed to travel
on any occasion. Aijliffe.
RiD'ING, n. 1. A road cut in a wood or through a ground,
for the diversion of riding therein. Sidney. 2. [corrupted
from trithing, third.] One of the three intermediate juris-
dictions between a three and a hundred, into which the
county of York, in England, is divided.
RlD'ING-€LERK, n. In England, one of the six clerks in
chancery. .Bsh.
RiDING-CoAT, n. A coat for riding on a journey.
RiD'ING-HAB-IT, n. A garment worn by females when
they ride or travel. Guardian.
RlD'lNG-HOOD, n. A hood used by females when they
ride ; a kind of cloke with a hood.
RiD'ING-S€HOOL, n. A school or place where the art of
riding is taught. .
RI-DOT'TO, n. [It. ; L. reductus.] 1. A public assembly.
2. A musical entertainment consisting of singing and
dancing, in the latter of which the whole company join.
RIS. SeeRTE.
RIFE, a. [Sax. ryfe.] Prevailing ; prevalent. It is used of
epidemic diseases. Knollcs.
^iFWLY, adv. Prevalently j frequently. Knolles.
RiFE'NESS, n. Frequency ; prevalence. Arbuthnot.
RIFF'RAFF, r.. [Fr. rifier; G.raffen; Dan. rips, raps.]
j?weepings ; refuse. Hall.
Rl'FLE, V. t. [Fr. rifler.] 1. To seize and bear away by
force; to snatch away. 2. To strip; to rob ; to pillage ;
to plunder.
Rl'FLE, 71. [Dan. rifle, or riffle.] A gun about the usual
size of a musket, the inside of whose barrel is rifled, that
J-, grooved, or formed with spiral channels.
jll'FLE, V. t. To groove ; to channel.
El'FLED, pp. Seized and carried away by violence ; pil-
jaged ; channeled.
Rl'FLE-MAN, n. A man armed with a rifle.
Rl'FTiER, 71. A robber ; one that seizes and bears away by
violence.
Rl'FLING, ppr. Plundering ; seizing and carrying away by
violence ; grooving.
RIFT, n. [from rive.] A cleft ; a fissure ; an opening made
by riving or splitting. Dryden.
RIFT, V. t. To cleave ; to rive ; to split. Pope.
IIU'T, v.i. 1. To burst open; to split. Bacon. 2. To
belch ; to break wind ; [local.]
RiFT'ED, pp. Split; rent; cleft.
RIFT'ING, ppr. Splitting ; cleaving ; bursting.
PJG, n. [Sax.] A ridge, which see.
RIG, V. t. [Sax. lorigan.] 1. To dress; to put on; when
applied to persons, not elegant, but rather a ludicrous
word, to express the putting on of a gay, flaunting or un-
usual dress. 2. To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit
with tackling. — 3. To rig a ship, in seamen^s language, is
to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, &c. to their respective
masts and yards.
RIG, n. [See the verb.] 1. Dress; also, bluster. 2. A
romp ; a wanton ; a strumpet. — To run the rig, to play a
wiDton trick. — To run the rig upon, to practice a sportive
trick on.
in/r, V. i. To play the wanton.
RKx-A-DOON', n. [Fr. rigodon.] A gay brisk dance per-
formed by one couple, and said to have been borrowed
from Provence in France.
RI-GA'TION, n. [L. rigatio.] The act of watering ; but
irrigation is generally used.
RIGGED, (rigd) pp. Dressed ; furnished with shrouds,
stays, &c. as a ship.
RIG'GER, n. One that rigs or dresses ; one whose occupa-
tion is to fit the rigging of a ship.
RIG'GING, ppr. Dressing ; fitting with shrouds, braces, &c
RIG'GING, VI. Dress ; tackle ; particularly, the ropes which
support the masts, extend and contract the sails, &:c. of a
ship.
t RIG'GISH, a. Wanton ; lewd. Shak.
RIG'GLE, V. i. To move one way and the other. See
_V\'riggle.
Right, (rite) a. [Sa.x.riht,reht; B.regt; G. recht ; Dan.
rigtig j Sw. ricktig j It. retto ; Sp. recto ; Ij. rectus.] 1.
Properly, strained ; stretched to straightness ; hence, 2.
Straight. — 3. In morals and religion, just ; equitable ; ac-
cordant to the standard of truth and justice or the will of
God. 4. Fit ;"' suitable; proper; becoming. 5. Lawful.
6. True ; not erroneous or wrong ; according to fact. 7.
Correct ; passing a true judgment ; not mistaken or wrong.
8. Not left ; most convenient or dextrous. 9. Most favor-
able or convenient. 10. Properly placed, disposed or ad-
justed; orderly ; well regulated. 11. Well performed, as
an art or act. 12. Most direct. 13. Being on the same
side as the right hand. 14. Being on the right band of a
j)erson whose face is towards the mouth of a river.
Right, adv. l. in a right or straight line ; directly. 2.
According to the law or will of God, or to the standard of
truth and justice. 3. According to any rule of art. 4.
According to fact or truth. 5. In a great degree ; very ;
[inelegant.] 6. It is prefixed to titles ; as in right hon-
orable.
Right is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is
right, it is true, &c. Pope. — On the right, on the side with
J;he right hand.
Right, n. l conformity to the will of God, or to his law,
the perfect standard of truth and justice. 2. Conformity
to human laws, or to other human standard of truth, pro-
priety or justice. 3. Justice ; that wiiich is due or proper.
4. Freedom from error ; conformity with truth or fact.
5. Just claim ; legal title ; ownership ; the legal power of
exclusive possession and enjoyment. 6. Just claim by
courtesy, customs, or the principles of civility and deco-
rum. 7. Just claim by sovereignty; prerogative. 8
That which justly belongs to one. 9. Property ; interest.
10. Just claim; immunity; privilege. 11. Authority,
legal power.— 12. In the United States, a tract of land ; or
a share or proportion of property, as in a mine or manu-
factory. 13. The side opposite to the left ; as, on the
right. — To rights. 1. In a direct line ; straight ; [wmsual.]
2. Directly ; soon. — To set to rights, or to put to rights, to
put into good order ; to adjust ; to regulate what is out of
order. — Bill of rights, a list of rights ; a paper containing
a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. — Writ of
right, a writ which lies to recover lands in fee simple,
unjustly withheld from the true owner.
Right, v.t. l. To do justice to; to relieve from wrong.
Taylor. — 2. In seamen's language, to right a ship, is to
restore her to an upright position from a careen. — To right
the helm, to place it in the middle of the ship.
Right, v. L To rise with the masts erect, as a ship.
RiGHT'ED, pp. Relieved from injustice ; set upright.
jRlGPlT'EN, «. t, [&a.x. gerihtan.] To do justice to.
*RlGHT'EOUS, (ri'chus) a. [Sax. rihtwise.] 1. Jutt ; ac
cordant to the divine law. 2. Just ; equitable; merited.
fRlGHT'EOUSED, (rl'chust) a. Made righteous ; justified.
Bale.
* RiGHT'EOUS-LY, (ri'chus-ly) ad^. Justly ; in accordance
with the laws of justice ; equitably.
*RlGHT'EOUS-NESS, (ri'chu?-nes) n. 1. Purity of heart
and rectitude of life ; conformity of heart and life to the
divine law. — 2. Applied to God, the perfection or holiness
of his nature ; exact rectitude ; faithfulness. 3. The ac-
tive and passive obedience of Christ, by which the law of
God is fulfilled. Dan. ix. 4. Justice ; equity between
man and man. Luke i. 5. The cause of our justification.
Jer. xxiii.
RiGHT'ER, n. One who sets right ; one who does justice
or redresses wrong.
RlGHT'FUL, a. 1. Having the right or just claim according
to established laws. 2. Being by right, or by just claim.
3. Just ; consonant to justice.
RiGHT'FUL-LY, adv. According to right, law or justice.
RlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Justice ; accordance with the rules
of right." 2. Moral rectitude ; [not usual.]
RIGHT'-HAND, n. The hand opposite to the left.
RlGHT'ING, ppr. Doing justice to ; setting upright.
RiGHT'LY, adv. 1. According to justice ; according to the
divine will or moral rectitude. 2. Properly ; fitly ; suita-
bly. 3. According to truth or fact ; not erroneously. 4.
Honestly ; uprightly. 5. Exactly. 6. Straightly ; direct-
ly ; [obs.]
IGHT':
RlGHT'NESS, n. 1. Correctness ; conformity to truth or to
the divine will, which is the standard of moral rectitude.
2. Straightness.
RIGID, o. [Fr. rigide ; It., Sp. rigido ; L. rig'dus.] 1. StiflTj
not pliant ; not easily bent. It is applied to bodies or sub-
* See Synopsis.
MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aa in this.
45
t Obsolete
RIN
706
RIP
stances that are naturally soft or flexible, but not fluid.
Rigid is opposed to flexible, but expresses less than inflexi-
ble. 2. Strict in opinion, practice or discipline j severe in
temper. 3. Strict ; exact. 4. Severely just. 5. Exactly
according to the sentence or law.
RI-6rD'I-TY, n. [Fr. rigidite ; L. rigiditas.] 1. Stiffness ;
want of pliability ; the quality of not being easily bent.
2. A brittle hardness. 3. Stiffness of appearance or man-
ner ; want of ease or airy elegance.
RlG'irr-LY, adv. 1. Stiffly j unpliantly. 2. Severely ; strict-
ly ; exactly ; without laxity, indulgence or abatement.
RI6 ID-NESS, n. 1. Stiffness of a body ; the quality of not
being easily bent. 2. Severity of temper j strictness in
opinion or practice.
RIG'LET, n. [Fr. ; Tui.regula.] A flat, thin piece of wood,
used for picture frames ; also used in printing, to regulate
the margin, &c.
RIG'MA-ROLE, n. A repetition of stories 3 a succession of
stories. Goldsmith.
RIG'OL, n. A circle ; a diadem. Shak.
RIG'OLL, n. A musical instrument consisting of several
sticks bound together, but separated by beads. Encyc.
RIG'OR, ?i. [L. ; Fv. rigucur.] 1. Stiffness; rigidness. — 2.
In medicine, a sense of chilliness, with contraction of the
skin ; a convulsive shuddering or slight tremor, as in the
cold fit of a fever. 3. Stiffness of opinion or temper ; se-
verity ; sternness. 4. Severity of life ; austerity; volun-
tary submission to pain, abstinence or mortification. 5.
Strictness ; exactness without allowance, latitude or in-
dulgence. 6. Violence ; fury ; \_oos.'] 7. Hardness ; so-
lidity ; [unusual.'] 8. Severity ; asperity.
RIG'OR-OUS, a. [Fr. rigoureux.'] 1. Severe ; allowing no
abatement or mitigation. 2. Severe ; exact ; strict ; with-
out abatement or relaxation. 3. Exact ; strict ; scrupu-
lously accurate. 4. Severe; very cold.
RIG'OR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Severely; without relaxation,
abatement or mitigation.. 2. Strictly ; exactly ; with scru-
pulous nicety ; rigidly.
RIG'OR-OUS-iSrESS, n. 1. Severity v/ithout relaxation or
mitigation; exactness. Ash. 2. Severity.
RILL, 71. [G. rille ; W. rhill.] A small brook ; a rivulet ; a
streamlet. Milton.
RILL, V. i. To run in a small stream, or in streamlets.
RILL'ET, n. A small stream ; a rivulet. Drayton
RIM, n. [Sax. rivia and reoma ; W. r/iim and rhimp.] 1.
The border, edge or margin of a thing. 2. The lower
part of the belly or abdomen.
RIM, V. t. To put on a rim or hoop at the border.
ROIE, n. [Sax. rim.] Rhyme, which see.
RIME, 71. [Sax. hrim ; Ice. hrym ; D. rym.] White or hoar
frost ; congealed dew or vapor. Bacon.
f RIME, 71. [L. rima ; Sw. remna.] A chink ; a fissure ; a
rent or long aperture.
RIME, V. i. To freeze or congeal into hoar frost.
RI'MGSE, ) a. [L. rimosus.] In botany, chinky ; abounding
Ri'MOUS, \ with clefts, cracks or chinks.
RIM'PLE, 71. [Sax. hrympelU.] A fold or wrinkle. See
Rumple.
RIM'PLE, V. t. To rumple ; to wrinkle.
RIM'PLING, 71. Undulation.
Ri'MY, a. [from rime.] Abounding with rime ; frosty.
RiND, 71. [Sax. rind., or hrind ; G. rinde.] The bark of a
plant ; the skin or coat of fruit that may be pared or peel-
ed off; also, the inner bark of trees.
fRlND, v.t. To bark; to decorticate.
RIN'DLE, n. A small water-course or gutter. Ash.
RING, n. [Sax. ring, or hring ; B. ring, or hring ; G., D.,
Sw. ring.] 1. A circle, or a circular Tine, or any thing in
the form of a circular line or hoop. 2. A circular course.
RING, 71. 1. A sonnd ; particularhj, the sound of metals.
2. Any loud sound, or the sounds of numerous voices ; or
sound continued, repeated or reverbtrated. 3. A chime,
or set of bells harmonically tuned.
RING, V. t. ; pret. and pp. rung. [Sax. nngan, hringan ;
G., D. ringen ; Sw. ringa ; Dan. rincrer.l" To cause to
sound, particularly by striking a metallic body.
RING, V. t. [from the noun.] 1. To encircle, bhak. 2. To
fit with rings, as the fingers, or as a swine's snout. Shak.
RING, V. i. 1. To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body,
particularly a metallic one. 2. To practice the art of
making music with bells. 3, To sound ; to resound. 4.
To utter, as a bell ; to sound. 5. To tinkle ; to have tl^
sensation of sound continued. 6. To be filled with report
or talk._
RING'-BoLT, n. An iron bolt with an eye, to which is fitted
a ring of iron. Mar. Diet.
RING'-BoNE, 71. A callus growing in the hollow circle of
the little pastern of a horse, just above the coronet.
RING'DoVE, n. [G. ringeltaube.] A species of pigeon, the
eolumba palumbits.
RIN'OENT, a. [L. ringor.] In botany, a ringent or labiate
corol is one which is irregular, monopetalous, with the
border usually divided into two parts, called the upper
and lower lip.
RING'ER, n. One who rings.
RING'ING, ppr. Causing to sound, as a bell; BouBding;
fitting with rmgs.
RING'ING, n. The act of sounding or of causing to sound
RING'LeAD, v. t. To conduct. [Little used.]
RING'LeAD-ER, n. [ring and leader.] The leader of any
association of men engaged in violation of law or an ille-
gal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers and the like.
RING'LET, 7?. [dim. of ring.] 1. A small ring. Pope 2
A cvixl; particularly, a curl of hair. Milton. 3 A circle.
RING'-OU-SEL, 71. A bird of the genus turdus.
RING'-STReAKED, a. [ring and streak.] Having circular
streaks or lines on the body.
RING'-TAIL, 71. 1. A kind of kite with a whitish tail. 2.
A small quadrilateral sail, set on a small mast on a ship's
tafferel.
RING'-WoRM, 71. [rmo- and worm.] A circular ciuption
on the skin ; a kind of tetter. Parr.
RINSE, (rins) v. t. [Sw. rensa, or re7ia ,• Dan. renser ; Sax.,
D,, G. rein; Fr. rincer.] 1. To wash; to clear.se by
washing. But in present u^sagc, 2. To cleanse with a sec-
ond or repeated application of water, after washing. We
distinguish washing from rinsing. Washing is performed
by rubbing, or with the use of soap ; rinsing is performed
with clean water, without much rubbing or the use of
soap.
RINSED, vp. Cleansed with a second water ; cleaned.
RINS'ER,'7i. One that rinses.
RINS'ING, ppr. Cleansing witli a second water.
Rl'OT, 7;. [Norm, riotti ; It. riotta ; Fr. riote.] 1. In a gen-
eral sense, tumult ; uproar ; hence, technically, in law, a
riotous assembling of twelve persons or more, and not
dispersing upon proclamation. 2. Uproar ; wild and noisy
festivity. 3. Excessive and expensive feasting. 2 Pet. i)
4. Luxury. — To run riot, to act or move without control
or restraint.
Rl'OT, V. i. [Fr. rioter ; It. riottare.] 1. To revel ; to run
to excess in feasting, drinking or other sensual indulgen-
ces. 2. To luxuriate ; to be highly excited. 3. To ban-
quet ; to live in luxury ; to enjoy. 4. To raise an uproar
or sedition.
Rl OT-ER, 71. 1. One who indulges in loose festivity or ex-
cessive feasting. — 2. In law, one guilty of meeting with
others to do an unlawful act, and declining to retire upoE
proclamation.
Rl'OT-ING, ppr. Reveling ; indulging in excessive feasting
Rl'OT-ING, n. A reveling.
fRl'OT-iSE, n. Dissoluteness; luxury. Spenser.
Rl'OT-OUS, a. [It. riottoso.] ]. Luxurious; wanton or li-
centious in festive indulgences. 2. Consisting of riot ;
tumultuous ; partaking of the nature of an unlawful as-
sembly ; seditious. 3. Guilty of riot ; applied to persons.
Rl'OT-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With excessive or licentious luxu-
ry. 2. In the manner of an unlawful assembly ; tumultu-
ously ; seditiously.
Rl'OT-OUS-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being riotous.
RIP, V. t. [Sax. rypan, ryppan, hrypan ; Sw. rifva ; Dan.
ri'vcr.] 1. To separate by cutting or tearing ; to tear or
cut open or off; to tear offer out by violence. 2. To take
out or away by cutting or tearing. 3. To tear up for
search or disclosure, or for alteration ; to search to the ^ot
tom ; with up. 4. To rip out, as an oath.
RIP, n. 1. A tearing ; a place tom ; laceration. 2. A wick
er basket to carry fish in. 3. Refuse ; [not in use or local.]
RI-Pa'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the bank of a river.
RIPE, a. [Sax. ripe, gerip ; D. ryp ; G. reif.] 1. Brought
to perfection in growth or to the best state ; mature ; fit for
use. 2. Advanced to perfection ; matured. 3. Finished ;
consummate. 4. Brought to the point of taking effect ;
matured ; ready ; prepared. 5. Fully qualified by im
provement ; prepared. 6. Resembling the ripeness of
fruit. 7. Complete ; proper for use. 8. Maturated; sup-
purated ; as an abscess or tumor.
t RIPE, V. i. To ripen ; to grow ripe ; to be matured.
JRIPE, V. t. To mature ; to ripen. Shak.
RTPE'LY, adv. Maturely ; at the fit time. Shak.
RI'PEN, (ri'pn) v. i. [Sax. ripiav , D. rypen ; G. reifen.}
1. To grow ripe ; to be maturea , as grain or fruit. 2. To
approach or come to perfection ; to be fitted or prepared.
RI'PEN, (ri'pn) v.t. 1. To mature ; to make ripe ; as grain
or fruit. 2. To mature ; to fit or prepare. 3. To brmg to
perfection.
RiPE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being ripe or brought to that
state of perfection which fits for use ; maturity. 2. FuP
growth. 3. Perfection ; completeness. 4. Fitness ; qual-
ification. 5. Complete maturation or suppuration, as of
an ulcer or abscess. 6. A state of preparation.
RI-PHe'AN, a. An epithet given to certain mountains in
the north of Asia.
RIP'IER, or RIP'PER, n. In old laws, one who brings fisb
to market in the inland country. Cowel.
RIPPED, ])p. Torn or cut offer out ; torn open.
RIP'PER, n. One who tears or cuts open.
RIP'PING, ppr. Cutting or tearing off or open ; tearing up
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y>, long.~FAK, FALL, WHAT ;~PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRD;— f Obsoleie
RIT
707
ROA
aIP'PING, n. 1. A tearing. 2. A discovery , [obs.'j Spenser.
RIP'PLE, V. i. [Dan. ripper.] To fret on the surface, as
water when agitated.
RIP'PLE, V. t. [G. riffeln, to hatchel.] 1. To clean, as flax.
Rav. 2. To agitate the surface of water.
RIP'PLE, n. 1. The fretting of the surface of water : little
curling waves. 2. A large comb or hatchel for cleaning
flax.
RIP'PLING, ppr. Fretting on the surface.
RIPTLING, n. 1. The ripple dashing on the shore, or the
noise of it. 2. The act or method of cleajiing flax 5 a
hatchelin^.
RIPT, pp. for ripped.
lilP'TOW-ELL, 71. A gratuity given to tenants after they
had reaped their lord's corn. Todd.
RISE, (rize) v. i. ; pret. rose ; pp. risen ; pron. roze, rizn.
[Sax. arisaii ; B.ryzen; Goth, reisan.] 1. To move or
pass upward in any manner j to ascend. 2. To get up ;
to leave the place of sleep or rest. 3. To get up or move
from any recumbent to an erect posture. 4. To get up
from a seat ; to leave a sitting posture. 5. To spring ; to
grow. 6. To swell in quantity or extent ; to be more ele-
vated. 7. To break forth ; to appear. 8. To appear above
the horizon ; to shine. 9. To begin to exist ; to originate ;
to come into being or notice. 10. To be excited ; to begin
to move or act. 11. To increase in violence. 12. To ap-
pear in view. 13. To appear in sight j also, to appear
more elevated. 14. To change a station ; to leave a place.
15. To spring ; to be excited or produced. 16. To gain
elevation in rank, fortune or public estimation ; to be pro-
moted. 17. To break forth into public commotions ; to
make open opposition to government. 18. To be excited
or roused into action. 19. To make a hostile attack. 20.
To increase ; to swell ; to grow more or greater. 21. To
be improved ; to recover from depression. 22. To elevate
the style or manner. 23. To be revived from death. 24.
To come by chance. 25. To ascend ; to be elevated above
the level or surface. 26. To proceed from. 27. To have
its sources in. 28. To be moved, roused, excited, kindled
or inflamed, as passion. 29. To ascend in the diatonic
scale. 30. To amount. 31. To close a session. This
verb is written also arise, which see.
RISE, n. 1. The act of rising, either in a literal or fig-
urative sense ; ascent. 2. The act of springing or mount-
ing from the ground. 3. Ascent ; elevation, or degree of
ascent. 4. Spring ; source ; origin. 5. Any place elevated
above the common level. 6. Appearance above the hori-
zon. 7. Increase; advance. 8. Advance in rank, hon-
or, property or fame. 9. Increase of sound on the same
key ; a swelling of the voice. 10. Elevation or ascent of
the voice in the diatanic scale. U. Increase ; augmenta-
tion. 12. [D. rys ; from the verb.] A bough or branch ;
[obs.] Chaucer.
WEN, pp. See Rise.
R
RiS ER, 11. 1. One that rises ; as, an early riser. — 2. Among
joiners, the upright board of a stair.
RISH, n. A rush. Cheshire Gloss.
*RI-St-BILT-TY,?i. [from risible.] 1. The quality of laugh-
ing, or of being capable of laughter. 2. Proneness to
laugh.
* Rl'SI-BLE, or RIS'I-BLE, a. [Fr. risible ; L. risibilis.]
1. Having the faculty or power of laughing. 2. Laugha-
ble ; capable of exciting laughter. The description of
Falstatf in Shakspeare, exhibits a risible scene. Risible
differs from ludicrous, as species from genus ; ludicrous
expressing that which is playful and sportive ; risible, that
which may excite laughter. Risible differs from ridicu-
lous, as the latter implies something mean or contempti-
ble, and risible does not.
RTS'ING, ppr. 1. Getting up ; ascending ; mounting ; spring-
ing ; proceeding from ; advancing ; swelling ; increasing ;
appearing above the horizon ; reviving from death, &c.
2. Increasing in wealth, power or distinction.
RlS'lNG, Ti. 1. The act of getting up from any recumbent
or sitting posture. 2. The act of ascending. 3. The act
of closing a session, as of a public body. 4. The appear-
ance of the sun or a star above the horizon. 5. The act
of reviving from the dead ; resurrection, jyiark ix. 6. A
tumor on the body. Lev. xiii. 7. An assembling in oppo-
sition to government 3 insurrection; sedition or mu-
tiny.
RISK, n. [Fr. risque; Arm. risgl ; Port, risco ; It. rischio.]
1. Hazard ; danger ; peril ; exposure to harm. — 2. In com-
merce, the hazard of loss, either of ship, goods or other
property. — To run a risk, is to incur hazard ; to encounter
danger.
RISK, V. t. 1. To hazard ; to endanger ; to expose to injury
or loss. 2. To venture ; to dare to undertake.
RISKED, pp. Hazarded ; exposed to injury or loss.
RISK'ER, n. One who hazards.
RISK'ING , ppr. Hazarding ; exposing to injury or loss.
RISSE, obsolete ;)rei. of rise. B. Jonson.
RITE, n. [Fr. rit, rite ; L. ritus ; It., Sp. rito.] The man-
ner of performing divine or solemn service as established
. by law, precept or custom 3 formal act of religion, or other
solemn duty.
RI-TOR-NEL'LO, n. [It.] In music, a repeat ; the burden
of a song, or the repetition of a verse or strain.
RIT'U-AL, a. [It. rituale.] 1. Pertaining to, rites j con-
sisting of rites 2. Prescribing rites.
RIT'U-AL, n. A book containing the rites to be observed, 01
the manner of performing divine service in a pardcular
church, diocese or the like.
RIT'U-AL-IST, n. One skilled in the ritus^;. Qregorv.
RITU-AL-LY, adv. By rites ; or by a particular rite.'
fRIVAGE, n. [Fr.] A bank, shore or coast. Spenser.
RI'VAL, n. [L. rivalis ; Fr., Sp. rival ; It. rivale.] 1. One
who is in pursuit of the same object as another ; one striv
ing to reach or obtain something which another is at-
tempting to obtain, and which one only can possess ; a
competitor 2. One striving to equal or exceed ^nothei
in excellence. 3. An antagonist ; a competitor .ai any
pursuit or strife.
Ri'VAL, a. Having the same pretensions or claims ; stand-
ing in competition for superiority. Dryden.
RI'VAL, V. t. 1. To stand in competition with ; to strive to
gain the object which another is contending for. 2 To
stiive to equal or excel ; to emulate.
t Ri'VAL, v.i. To be competitors. Shak.
t RI-VAL'I-TY, n. Rivalry. Shak.
Ri'VAL-RY, n. [from rival.] Competition ; a strife or effort
to obtain an object which another is pursuing ; an en-
deavor to equal or surpass another in some excellence;
emulation.
Ri'VAL-SHIP, n. 1. The state or character of a rival. 2.
Strife ; contention for superiority ; emulation ; rivalry.
RIVE, V. t. ; pret. rioed ; pp. rived, or riven. [Dan. revner,
river ; Sw. rifva.] To split ; to cleave ; to rend asunder
by force. Dryden.
RIVE, V. i. To be split or rent asunder. Woodward.
RIVE, n. A rent, or tear. JBrockett.
t RI V'EL, V. t. [Sax. gerifled ; Sw. rifva.] To contract into
wrinkles ; to shrink. Dryden.
RIVEN, pp. of rive. Split ; rent or burst asunder.
Ri'VER, n. One who rives or splits.
RIVER, n. [Fr. riviere; Arm. rifyer ; Corn, ryvicr ; It.
riviera ; L. rivus, rivulus ; D. rivier.] 1. A large stream
of water flowing in a channel on land towards the ocean,
a lake or another river. 2. A large stream ', copious flow ;
abundance.
RIV'ER-DRAG-ON, n. A crocodile ; a name given by Ml-
ton to the king of Egypt.
t RIVER-ET, n. A small river.
RIVER-GOD, 71. A deity supposed to preside over a river,
as its tutelary divinity ; a naiad. Lempriere.
RIVER-HORSE, n. The hippopotamus, an animal inhabit-
ing rivers. Milton.
RI VER-WA-TER, n. The water of a river.
RIVET, v.'t. [It. ribadire; Port, rebitar.] 1. To fasten
with a rivet or with rivets. 2. To clinch. 3. To fasten
firmly ; to make firm, strong or immovable.
RIVET, n. A pin of iron or other metal ; a pin or bolt
clinched at both ends.
RIVET-ED, pp. Clinched ; made fast.
RIVET-ING, ppr. Clinching ; fastening firmly
RIVU-LET, w. ['L.jivulus.] A small stream or brook 3 a
streamlet. Milton.
t RIX-A'TION, n. [L. rixatio.] A brawl or quarrel.
RIX-DOL'LAR, 71. [G. reichsthaler ; B. ryksdaalder , Sw
riksdaler; Tian.rigsdaler.] A silver coin ofGermany, Den
mark and Sweden, of different value in different places
In Hamburg and some other parts of Germany, its value
is the same as the American dollar, or 45. 6d. sterling.
RoACH, 71. [Sax. reohche, hreoce; G.roche; Dan. 7 kke.]
A fish of the genus cyprinus, found in fresh water. — 6<f
somid as a roach is a phrase supposed to have been orig-
inally, as sound as a rock, [¥x. roche.]
RoAD, n. [Sax. rad, radc ; G. reise ; D. reis ; Fr. rade ; Sp.
raaa ; G., D. recde.] 1. An open way or public passage ,
ground appropriated for travel, forming a communication
between one city, town or place and another 2 A
place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance
from the shore ; sometimes called roadstead, that is, a
place for riding, meaning at anchor. 3. A journey ; [obs.]
4. An inroad ; incursion of an enemy ; [obs.] — On the
road, passing ; traveling. Law.
RoADER, I 71. Among seamen, a vessel riding at anchor
RoAD'STER, \ in a road or bay.
ROAD'STEAD. See Road.
RoAD'VVaY, 7t. A highway. [Tautological.] Shak.
RoAM, V. i. To wander ; to ramble ; to rove ; to walk or
move about from place to place without any certain pur-
pose or direction.
RoAM, V. t. To range ; to wander over. Milton.
RoAM'ER, n. A wanderer ; a rover ; a rambler ; a vagran*
Roaming, ppr. Wardering; roving.
RoAM'ING, or RoAM, n. The act of wandering.
RoAN, a. [Fr. rouan.] A roan horse is one that is of a bay,
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolet*
ROB
ROD
sorrel or dark color, with spots of gray or white thickly
interspersed
RoAN -TREE, 71. A tree ; the mountain ash. Lee.
RoAR, V. i. [Sax. rarian ; W. rhaicr.] 1. To cry with a
fall, loud, continued sound ; to beUow, as a beast. 2. To
cry aloud, as in distress. 3. To cry aloud ; to bawl ; as a
child. 4. To cause aloud, continued sound. 5. To make
a loud noise.
RoAR, n. 1. A full, loud sound of some continuance ; the
cry of a beast. 2. The loud cry of a child or person in
distress. 3. Clamor ; outcry of joy or mirth ; as, a roar
of laughter. 4. The loud, continued sound of the sea in
a storm, or the howling of a tempest. 5. Any loud sound
of some continuance.
RoAR'ER, n. One that roars, man or beast.
RoAR'ING, ppr. Crying like a buU or lion ; uttering a deep,
j[oud sound.
RoAR'IXG, n. The cry of a lion or other beast ; outcry of
distress, Job iii. ; loud, continued sound of the billows of
the sea or of a tempest, 7s. v.
RoAR'Y, a. Dewy ; more properly rory.
RoAST, V. t. [W. rhostiaK .; Ir. rostum ; Arm. rosta ; Fr.
rdtir ; It. arrostire ; D. roosten ; G. r'dsten ; Sw. rosta.]
1. To cook, dress or prepare meat for the table by exposing
it to heat, as on a spit, in a bake-pan, in an oven, or the
like. 2. To prepare for food by exposure to heat. 3. To
heat to excess ; to heat violently. 4. To dry and parch
by exposure to heat. — 5. In metallurgy, to dissipate the
volatile parts of ore by heat. — 6. In common discourse, to
jeer ; to banter severely.
RoAST, 11. That which is roasted.
RoAST, a. [for roasted.l Roasted ; as, roast beef.
RoAST, 7(. In the phrase, to rule the roast, this word is a cor-
rupt pronunciation of theG. rafA, counsel, Dan.,D. raad,
Sw. rud.
RoAST'ED, pp. Dressed by exposure to heat on a spit.
ROASTER, 71. 1. One that roasts meat ; also, a gridiron.
2. A pig for roasting.
Roasting, ppr. l. Preparing for the table by exposure
to heat on a spit ; drying and parching. 2. Bantering
with severity.
RoAST'IXG, n. A severe teasing or bantering.
ROB, 7!. [Sp. roh.'] The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, mixed
with honey or sugar to the consistence of a conserve.
ROB, V. t. [G. raubeii ; D. rooven ; Sw. roffa ; It. rubare ;
Sp. robar ; Port, roubar.] 1. In laic, to take from the per-
son of another feloniously, forcibly and by putting him in
fear. 2. To seize and carry from any thing by violence
and with felonious intent. 3. To plunder ; to strip un-
lawfully. 4. To take away by oppression or by violence.
5. To take from ; to deprive. — 6. In a loose sense, to steal ;
•to take privately without permission of the owner. 7. To
withhold what is due. Jtlal. iii.
RO-BAL'LO, 7). A iish found in Mexico. Clavigero.
ROB BE, n. [G.] The sea-dog or seal.
ROBBED, pp. Deprived feloniously and by violence ; plun-
dered ; seized and carried away by violence.
ROB BER, 71. 1. In laic, one thattakes goods or money
from the person of another by force or menaces, and with
a felonious intent. — 2. In a looser sen^e, one who takes
that to which he has no right ; one who steals, plunders
or strips by violence and wrong.
ROB'BER-Y, n. 1. In laic, the forcible and felonious taking
from the person of another any money or goods, putting
him in fear, that is, by violence or by menaces of death or
personal injury. — Robbery differs from theft, as it is a vio-
lent felonious taking from the person or presence of an-
other ; whereas theft is a felonious takinir of goods pri-
vately from the person, dwelling, &c. of another. 2. A
plundering ; a pillaging ; a taking away by violence,
wrong or oppression.
ROB'BING, ppr. Feloniously taking from the person of an-
other ; putting him in fear ; strippins ; plundering.
ROB'BIXS, or ROPE'-BANDS, n. [rope and baiids.] Short,
<lat, plaited pieces of rope with an e}^e in one end, used
in pairs to tie the upper edges of squai-e sails to their yards.
ROBE, 71. [Fr. robe ; Sp. ropa ; Port, roupa ; Ir. roba ; It.
roba.] 1. A kind of gown, or long, loose garment, worn
over other dress, particularly by persons in elevated sta-
tions. 2. A splendid female gown or garment. 2 Sam.
xiii. 3. An elegant dress ; splendid attire. — 4. In Scrip-
ture, the vesture of purity or righteousness, and of happi-
ness. Job xxix.
ROBE, V. t. 1. To put on a robe ; or to dress with magnifi-
cence ; to array. Pope. 2. To dress ; to invest, as with
beauty or elegance.
RoBED, pp. Dressed with a robe ; arrayed with elegance.
ROBERS-MAN, or ROB'EBTS-MAN, 77. In the old stat-
utes of England, a bold, stout robber or night thief, said to
be so called from RoUnhood, a famous robber.
ROB'ERT, or HERB-ROB'ERT, n. A plant of the genus
geranium ; stork's bill. Jiinsworth.
ROB'ERT-INE, n. One of an order of monks, so ceilled
from Robert Flower, the founder, A. D. 1187.
ROB'IN, 71. [L. rubecula.] 1. A bird of the genus mota-
cilla, called, also, redbreast.— 2. In the United States, a
bird with a red breast, a species of turdus.
ROB'IN-GQOD-FEL-LoW, n. An old domestic goblin.
ROB'O-RANT, a. [L. roborans, roboro.] Strengthening.
ROB'O-RANT, n. A medicine that strengthens j but cor-
roborant is generally used.
ROB-O-Ra'TION, 7i. [L. roboro.] A strengthening [L.u.\
RO-Bo'RE-OUS, a. [h. roboreus.] Made of oak.
RO-BUST', a. [L. robustus.] 1. Strong; lusty; sinewy;
muscular ; vigorous ; forceful. 2. Sound ; vigorous. 3.
Violent ; rough ; rude. 4. Requiring strength.
fRO-BUS'TIOUS, a. [L. robustus.] 1. Strong ; sinewy ;
vigorous ; forceful. Milton. 2. Requiring strength. Locke
Robustious is now used only in low language.
t RO-BUS'TIOUS-LY, adv. With violence ; with fury.
t RO-BUS'TIOUS-XESS, n. Quality of being vigorous
RO-BUST'NESS, n. Strength; vigor, or the condition of
the body when it has full, firm flesh and sound health.
ROe'AM-BOLE, or ROK'AM-BOLE, 71. A sort of wUd gar-
lic, the allium scorodoprasum.
ROCHE'-AL-UM, (roch'-al-um) n. [Fr. roche.] Rock-alum,
a purer kind of alum. Mortimer.
RO-CHELLE' SALT. Tartrate of pofash and soda.
ROCH'ET, n. [Fr. rochet ; It. roccetto, rccchetto.] A sur-
plice ; the white, upper gannent of a priest worn while
oificiating.
ROCH'ET, 77. A fish, the roach, which see.
ROCK, 7!. [Fr. roc, or roche ; It. rocca ; Sp. roca ; Port.
roca, rocha.] 1. A large mass of stony matter, usually
compounded of two or more simple minerals, either bed-
ded in the earth or resting on its surface. — 2. In Scripture,
fgurativcly, defense ; means of safety ; protection ;
strength ; asylum. 3. Firmness ; a firm or immovable
foundation. Ps. xxvii. 4. A species of vulture or condor
Encyc. 5. A fabulous bird in the Eastern tales.
ROCK, 77. [Dan. rok ; Sw. rock ; D. rokken ,- G. rocken ; It
rocca.] A distaff used in spinning; the staff" or frame
about which flax is arranged, from which the thread is
drawn in spinning.
ROCK, V. t. [Dan. rokker ; G. riicken ; Old Fr. '••ocquer, or
roqucr,] 1. To move backward and forward, as a body
resting on a foundation. It differs from shake, as denot-
ing a slower and more uniform motion, or larger move-
ments. It differs from sicing, which expresses a vibratory
motion of something suspended. 2. To move backwards
and forwards in a cradle, chair, &c. 3. To lull to quiet.
ROCK, V. i. To be moved backwards and forwards ; to reel.
ROCK'-AL-UM, 71. The purest kind of alum. See Roche-
iLTTM.
ROCK'-Ea-SIN, 77. A cavity or artificial basin cut in a rock
for the purpose, as is supposed, of collecting the dew or
rain for ablutions and purifications prescribed by the dru-
idical religion. Grosier.
ROCK'-BUT-TER, 77. A subsulphete of alumin.
ROCK-CRYS'TAL, ?7. The most perfect variety of siliceous
earth or quartz ; limpid quartz.
ROCK'-DoE, 77. A species of deer. Grew.
ROCKED, pp. [from rock, the verb.] Moved one way and
the other.
ROCK'ER, 77. One who rocks the cradle ; also, the curving
piece of wood on which a cradle or chair rocks.
ROCK'ET, 77. [Dan. raket, rakette ; G. rackete.] An artificial
fire-work, consisting of a cylindrical case of paper, filled
with a composition of combustible ingredients, as nitre,
charcoal and sulphur. This bemg tied to a stick and
fired, ascends into the air and bm-sts
ROCK'ET, 77. [L. cruca.] A plant of the genus brassica.
ROCK'-FISH, 77. A species of gobius.
ROCK'I-NESS, n. [from rocky.] State of abounding with
rocks.
ROCK'ING, ppr. Moving backwards and forwards.
ROCK'LESS, a. Being without rocks. Dryden.
ROCK'-OIL, 77. Another name for petrol or petroleum.
ROCK'-PIG-EON, 71. A pigeon that builds her nest on a
rock.
R0CK'-R5SE, 77. A plant of the genus cistus.
ROCK'-RU-BY, 77. A name sometimes given to the garnet.
ROCK'-SALT, 77. Fossil or mineral salt ; salt dug from the
earth ; muriate of soda.
ROCK'-WOOD, 77. Ligniform asbestus. Cyc.
ROCK'-WoRK, 77. 1. Stones fixed in mortar in imitation
of the asperities of rocks; forming a wall. 2. A natural
wall of rock.
ROCK'Y, a. 1. Full of rocks. 2. Resembling a rock. JJ/iZ-
ton. 3. Very hard ; stony ; obdurate ; unsusceptible of
impression.
ROD, 77. [Sax. rod ; Dan. rode ; D. roedc] 1. The shoot or
long twig of any woody plant ; a branch, or the stem of a
*6hrub. 2. An instrument of punishment or correction ;
chastisement. 3. Discipline ; ecclesiastical censures. 1
Cor. iv. 4. A kind of sceptre. 5. A pole for angling ;
something long and slender. Gay. 6. An instrument for
measuring ; but more generally, a measure of length cou-
* See Svnonsis A, E, T 0, U, Y, long.— FA.B., FALL, WHA.T ;— PRgY j— KN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsclete
J
ROL
709
ROM
taining five yards, or sixteen feet and a half j a pole j a
perch. — 7. In Scripture, a staff or wand. 1 Sam. xiv. 8.
Support. Ps. xxiil. 9. A shepherd's crook. Lev. xxvii.
10. An instrument for threshing. Is, xxviii. 11. Power ;
authority. Ps. cxxv. 12. A tribe or race. Ps. Ixxiv.—
Rod of iron, the mighty power of Christ. Rev. xix.
RODE, pret. of ride ; also, a cross; See Rood.
ROD'0-MONT, ?i. [Fr. rodomo7it j It. rodomonte.] A vain
boaster. Herbert.
ROD'O-MOiNT, a. Bragging ; vainly boasting.
ROD-O-MON-TaDE', 71. [Fr. rodomontade; It. rodomon-
tata.] Vain boasting 3 empty bluster or vaunting ; rant.
Dryden.
ROD-O-MON-TaDE', v. i. To boast ; to brag ; to bluster ;
to rant.
ROD-0-MON-TaD'IST, ; n. A blustering boaster 3 one that
ROD-0-MON-TaD'OR, \ brags or vaunts.
RoE, I u. [Sax. ra or raa, rage or hrmge ; G.
RoE'BU€K, \ reli and rehbock ; Dan°. raa or raabuk ;
S\v. rabock.] 1. A species of deer, the car vus capreolus,
with erect, cylindrical, branched horns, forked at the sum-
mit. 2. Roe, the female of the hart.
RoE, 71. [G, rogcn.] The seed or spawn of fishes.
RoE -STONE, n. Called, also, oolite, which see.
RO-Ga'TION, n. [Fr. jL.. rogatio.] 1. Litany 5 supplica-
tion. — 2. In Roman jurisprudence, the demand by the
consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed by the people.
RO-Ga'TION-WEEK, n. The second week before Whit-
sunday, thus called from the three fasts observed therein 5
viz., on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, called roga-
tion-days, because of the extraordinaiy prayers then made
for the fruits of the earth, or as a preparation for the de-
votion of the Holy Thursday. Diet.
RoGUE, (rog) n. [Sax. earg, arg ,- D., G., Sw., Dan. arg.]
1. In law, a vagrant 3 a sturdy beggar 3 a vagabond. 2.
A knave 3 a dishonest person 3 applied to males. 3. A
name of slight tenderness and endearment, 4. A wag.
RoGCJE, (rog) v. i. 1. To wander 3 to play the vagabond 3
[little used.] Spenser. 2. To play knavish tricks 3 [little
used.] Johnson.
ROGU'ER-Y, n. 1. The life of a vagrant 3 [I. u.] Donne.
2. Knavish tricks 3 cheating 3 fraud 3 dishonest practices.
Dryden. 3. Waggery 3 arch tricks 3 mischievousness.
RoGUE'SHIP, 71. The qualities or personage of a rogue.
RoGU'ISH, a. 1. Vagrant 3 vagabond 3 [nearly obs.] 2.
Knavish 3 fraudulent 3 dishonest. Swift. 3. Waggish 3
wanton 3 slightly mischievous. Addison.
RoGU'ISH-LiT, adv. Like a rogue 3 knavishly 3 wantonly.
RoGL''ISH-NESS,7i. 1. Thequalitiesof arogue 5 knavery 3
inischievousness. 2. Archness 3 sly cunning.
f RoGU'Y, «. Knavish 3 wanton. UEstrange.
ROIL, V. t. [This is the Arm. brella ; Fr. brouiller, er.ilrou-
iller ; It. brogliare, imbrogliare ; Sp. embroUar ; Port, eui-
brulliar.] l.^To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or
sediment. 2. To excite some degree of anger 3 to disturb
the passion of resentment. [These senses are in common
use in JYew England, and locally in England.] 3. To per-
plex 5 [local in England. J
ROILED, pp. Rendered turbid or foul by disturbing the lees
or sediment 3 angered slightly 3 disturbed in mind by an
offense.
ROIL'ING, ppr. Rendering turbid 3 or exciting the passion
of anger.
ROIL'Y, a. Turbid. [A colloquial word in Meio England.]
t ROIN, n. [Fr. rog7ie.] A scab 3 a scurf. Chaucer.
ilOINT. See Aroynt.
t ROIST, ) V. i. [Arm. reu^tla.] To bluster 5 to swag-
t ROIST'ER, \ ger 3 to bully 5 to be bold, noisy, vaunting
or turbulent. Shak.
t ROIST'ER, I n. A bold, blustering, turbulent fel-
i ROISTER-ER, \ low.
■ ROIST'ER-LY, adv. Like a roister 5 lawless 3 violent.
ROKE, ROOK, or ROAK, n. Mist 3 smoke 3 damp. Jforth
of England
tRoK'Y, a. [See Reek.] Misty 5 foggy 3 cloudy. Ray.
Roll, v.t. [D.,G.rollen; Sw.rulla; 'D?Ln. ridler ; W.
rholiaw ; Fr. rouler.] 1. To move by turning on the sur-
face, or with a circular motion, in which all parts of the
surface are successively applied to a plane. 2. To re-
volve 3 to turn on its axis. 3. To move in a circular di-
rection. 4. To wrap round on itself 5 to form into a cir-
cular or cylindrical body. 5. To inwrap 3 to bind or
involve in a bandage or the like. 6. To form by rolling
into round masses. 7. To drive or impel any body with a
circular motion, or to drive foiward with violence or in a
stream. 8. To spread with a roller or rolling pin. 9. To
produce a periodical revolution. 10. To press or level
with a roller. — To roll one's self, to wallow. Jilic. i.
Roll, v. L l. To move by turning on the surface, or with
the successive application of all parts of the surface to a
plane. 2. To move, turn or run on an axis, as a wheel.
3. To run on wheels. 4. To revolve 3 to perform a peri-
odical revolution. 5. To turn 3 to move circularly. 6.
To float in rough water 5 to be tossed about. 7. To move,
as waves or billows, with alternate swells and depressions.
8. To fluctuate 3 to move tumultuously. 9. To be moved
with violence ; to be hurled. 10. To be formed into a
cylinder or ball. 11. To spread under a roller or rolling-
pin. 12. To wallow 3 to tumble. 13. To rock or move
from side to side. 14. To beat a drum with strokes so
rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear.
Roll, n. l. The act of rolling, or state of being rolled. 2. The
thing rolling. 3. A mass made round 3 something like a bal,
or cylinder. 4. A roller 3 a cylinder of wood, iron or stone
5. A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form. 6. A
cylindrical twist of tobacco. 7. An official writing 3 a list ,
a register 3 a catalogue. 8. The beating of a drum'' with
strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear
— 9. Rolls of court, of parliament, or of any public body,
are tlie parchments on which are engrossed, by the proper
officer, the acts and proceedings of that body, and which,
being kept in rolls, constitute the records of such public
body. — 10. In antiquity, a volume 5 a book consisting of
leaf, bark, paper, skin or other material on which the an-
cients wrote, and which, being kept rolled or folded, was
called in Latin volumen, from volvo, to roll. 11. A chroni-
cle 3 history 3 annals. 12. Part 3 ofiice 5 that is, round of
duty, like turn 3 [obs.]
Rolled, -pp. Moved by turning 3 formed into a round or
cylindrical body ; leveled with a roller, as land.
RoLL'ER, n. 1. That which rolls 3 that which turns on its
own axis 3 particularly, a cylinder of wood, stone or
metal, used in husbandry and the arts. 2. A bandage 3 a
fillet 3 properly, a long and broad bandage used in sur-
gery. 3. A bird of the magpie kind, about the size of a
jay.
RoLL'ING, ppr. Turning over 5 revolving 3 forming into a
cylinder or round mass 3 leveling, as land.
RoLL'ING, ?i. The motion of a ship from side to side.
RoU^'ING-PIN, 71. A round piece of wood, tapering at
each end, with which paste is molded and reduced to a
proper thickness.
RoLL'ING-PRESS, 71. An engine consisting of two cylin-
ders, by which cloth is calendered, waved and tabbied 5
also, an engine for taking impressions from copper plates 3
also, a like engine for drawing plates of metal, <&c.
RoLL'Y-POOL-Y, ?i. [said to be from ro/Z and pool, or roll
ball, and pool.] A game in which a ball, rolling into t
certain place, wins.
RoM'AGE, n. Bustle 3 tumultuous search. See Rummage.
RO-MAL', (ro-maul') 7i. A species of silk handkerchief.
RO'MAN, a. [L. Romanus,froxaRo7na.] 1. Pertaining t:-
Rome, or to the Roman people. 2. Romish 3 popish 3 pro
fessing the religion of the pope.
Ro'MAN CATH'O-LIC, as an adjective, denoting the reli
gion professed by the people of Rome and of Italy, at the
head of which is the pope or bishop of Rome 3 as a noun,
one who adheres to the papal religion.
Ro'MAN,?/. i. A native of Rome. 2. A citizen of Rome ;
one enjoying the privileges of a Roman citizen. 3. One
of the Christian church at Rome to which Paul addressed
an epistle.
*RO-MANCE', (ro-mans', orro'mans) n. [Fr. roman ; It.
romanzu ; Sp. romance.] 1. A fabulous relation or story of
adventures and incidents, designed for the entertainment
of readers 3 a tale of extraordinary adventures, fictitious
and often extravagant, usually a tale of love or war, sub-
jects interesting the sensibilities of the heart, or the pas-
sions of wonder and curiosity. — Romance differs from the
novel, as it treats of great actions and extraordinary ad-
ventures 3 that is, according to the Welsh signification, it
vaults or soars beyond the limits of fact and real life, and
often of probability. 2. A fiction. Prior.
*RO-MANCE', (ro-mans', or r5'mans) v. i. To forge and tell
fictitious stories 5 to deal in extravagant stories. Rich-
ardson.
*RO-MAN'CER, ) n. 1. One who invents fictitious stories
*R5'MAN-CER, \ 2. A writer of romance.
* RO-M AN CING, ) ppr. Inventing and telling fictitious
*Ro'MAN-CING, \ tales 3 building castles in the air.
RO-MAN'CY, a. Romantic. [Mot proper.]
RO'MAN-IgM, n. The tenets of the church of Rome.
RO'MAN-IST, n. An adherent to the papal religion 3 a Ro-
man Catholic. Encyc.
RO MAN-IZE, V. t. L To Latinize 5 to fill with Latin
words or modes of speech, 2. To convert to the Roman
Catholicreligion, or to papistical opinions.
Ro'MAN-iZE, v.i. To conform to Romish opinions, cus-
toms or modes of speech.
Ro'MAN-lZED, pp. Latinized.
RO-MANSH', n. The language of the Grisons in Switzer
land, a corruption of the Latin.
RO-MAN'Tie, a. 1. Pertaining to romance, or resembling
it 3 wild 3 fanciful 3 extravagant. 2. Improbable or chi-
merical 3 fictitious. 3. Fanciful 3 wild 3 full of wild dt
fantastic scenery.
RO-MAN'TI-€AL-LY, adv. Wildly ; extravagantly.
?ee STfltvpsis. MOVE, BOOK, HOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this. + Obsolete
ROO
710
ROS
RO-MAN'Tie-NESS, 71. 1. Wildness ; extravagance; fan-
cifulness. 2. Wildness of scenery.
RO-MAN'ZO-VITE, n. A mineral of the garnet kind.
RoM£'PEN-NY, ) n. [Rome, and Sax. pennig, or sceat.l A
RoME'SeOT, \ tax of a penny on a house, formerly
paid by the people of England to tiie church of Rome.
RoM'ISH, a. Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the reli-
gion professed by the people of Rome ; catholic 3 popish.
RoM'lST, n. .4 papist. South.
ROMP, n. [a different spelling of rawijj ,• W.rham.] 1. A
rude girl who indulges in boisterous play. Addison. 2.
Rude play or frolick, Thomson.
ROMP, V. i. To play rudely and boisterously 3 to leap and
fri^ about in play. Richardson.
ROMP'ING, ppr. Playing rudely ; as a noun, rude, boister-
ous play.
ROMP'ISH, a. Given to rude play ; inclined to romp.
ROMP'ISH-NESS, «. Disposition to rude, boisterous play;
or the practice of romping. Steele.
ROMPU, or ROM-PEE', 71. [L. rumpo.] In heraldry, an
ordinary that is broken, or a chevron, a bend or the like,
whose upper points are cut off.
RON-DEAU', (ron-do') ) n. [Fr. rondeau.] 1. A kind of
RON'DO, \ poetry, commonly consisting of
thuteen verses, of which eight have one rhyme, and five
another. Warton. — 2. In music, the rondo, vocal or instru-
mental, generally consists of three strains. 3. A kind of
jig or lively tune that ends with the first strain repeated.
tRUN'DLE,7i. [fi-om round.] A round mass. Peacham.
tRON'DURE, n. [Fr. rondeur.] Around; a circle. Shak.
•f RONG, the old pret. and pp. of ring, now rung. Chaucer.
fRoN'ION, (run'yun) n. [Fr. rognon,] A fat, bulky
woman.
R6NT, n. An animal stinted in its growth. See Runt.
ROOD,/;, [a different orthography of ro<i.] 1. The fourth
part of an acre, or forty square rods. 2. A pole ; a meas-
ure of five yards ; a rod or perch ; [not used in Amerira.]
ROOD, 7i. [Sax. rode, or rod.] The cross ; or an image of
Christ, of the virgin Mary and St. John, or some other
saint, on each side of it.
ROOD'LOFT, 71. A loft or gallery in a church, on which
relics and images were set to view. Johnson.
ROOB'Y, a. Coarse; luxuriant. Craven dialect.
ROOF, n. [Sax. rof, hrof.] 1. The cover or upper part of a
house or other building. 2. A vault ; an arch ; or the in-
terior of a vault. 3. The vault of the mouth ; the upper
part of the mouth ; the palate.
ROOF, V. t. 1. To cover with a roof. 2. To inclose in a
house ; to shelter.
ROOFED, pp. Furnished or covered with a roof or arch.
ROOF'ING,p^r. Covering with a roof.
ROOF'ING, n. The materials of which a roof is composed ;
or materials for a roof. Encyc.
ROOF'LESS, a. [Sax. rofiease.] 1. Having no roof. 2.
Having no house or home ; unsheltered .
ROOF'Y, a. Having roofs. Dryden.
ROOK, 71. [Sax. hroc ; G. roche ; Dan. roge.] ]. A fowl of
the genus corvus. 2. A cheat ; a trickish, rapacious fel-
low.
ROOK, 71. [It. rocco.] A common man at chess.
ROOK, V. i. To cheat ; to defraud. Locke.
ROOK, V. t. To cheat ; to defraud by cheating. Aubrey.
ROOK, V. i. To squat. See Ruck.
ROOK'ER-Y, n. 1. A nursery of rooks. Pope. — 2. In low
'■a}rgv -ge, a brothel.
ROOK'Y', a. Inhabited by rooks ; as, the rooky wood.
ROOM, n. [Sax., Dan., Sw. ruvi ; D. ruim ; G. raum.] I.
Space; compass; extent of place, great or small. 2.
Space or place unoccupied. 3. Place for reception or ad-
mission of any thing. 4. Place of another ; stead ; as in
succession or substitution. 5. Unoccupied opportunity.
6. An apartment in a house ; any division separated from
the rest by a partition. 7. A seat. Lukexiv. — To inuke
room, to open a way or passage ; to free from obstructions.
— To nzke room, to open a space or place for any thing. —
To give room, to withdraw ; to leave space unoccupied
for others to pass or to be seated.
ROOM, V. i. To occupy an apartment ; to lodge.
t ROOM' AGE, 71. [from rooyn.] Space; place, Wotton.
ROOMFUL, a. Abounding with rooms. Donne.
ROOM'I-NESS, n. Space ; spaciousness ; large extent of
space.
ROOMTH, )n.B.vAa. Space ; spacious. Ill-formed ic or ds,
ROOMTH'Y, \ and not used in the United States.
ROOM'Y, a. Spacious : wide ; large ; having ample room.
ROOF'Y, a. Hoarse. Craven dialect.
ROOST, n. [Sax. hrost ; D. roest.] The pole or other sup-
port on which fowls rest at night. Dryden. — dt roost, in
a state for rest and sleep.
ROOST, v.i. 1. To sit, rest or sleep, as fowls on a pole,
tree or other thing at n^trht. 2. To lodge, in burlesque.
KOOST ING, ppr. Sitting for rest and sleep at night.
ROOT, n. [Dan. r-jd ; Sw. rot ; L. radix.] ]. That part of
a 'plant which entei-s and fixes itself in the earth, and
serves to support the plant in an erect position, while, by
means of its flbrils, it imbibes nutriment for the stem-
branches and fruit. 2. The part of any thing that resem-
bles the roots of a plant in manner of growth. 3. The
bottom or lower part of any thing. 4. A plant whose rout
is esculent or the most useful part ; as beets, carrots, <slc
5. The original or cause of anything. 6. The first ances-
tor. Locke. — 7. In arithmetic and algebra, the root of any
quantity is such a quantity as, when multiplied into itself
a certain number of times, will exactly produce that
quantity. 8. Means of growth.— 9. In music, the funda-
mental note of any chord.— idoot of bitterness, in Scripture,
any error, sin or evil that produces discord or immorality.
— To take root, to become planted or fixed ; or to be estab-
lished. — To take deep root, to be firmly planted or estab-
lished ; to be deeply impressed.
ROOT, V. i. 1. To fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots.
2.* To be firmly fixed ; to be established. 3. To sink deep.
ROOT, V. t. 1. To plant and fix deep in the earth ; used
chiefly in the participle. 2. To plant deeply ; to impress
deeply and durably.
ROOT, V. i. or t. [Sax. wrot, wrotan ; D. wroeten ; G. reute.n ;
ban. roder ; Sw. rota.] To turn up the earth with the
snout, as swine. — To root up or out, to eradicate ; to ex-
tirpate ; to remove or destroy root and branch ; to extermi-
nate.
ROOT'-BOUND, a. Fixed to the earth by roots, Milton
ROOT'-BUlLT, a. Built of roots. Shenstone.
ROOTED, pp. Having its roots planted or fixed in the earth
hence, fixed ; deep ; radical.
ROOT'ED-LY, adv. Deeply ; from the heart. Shak.
ROOTER, n. One that roots ; or one that tears up by the
roots.
ROOT'-HOUSE, n. A house made of roots. Dodsley.
ROOT'ING, ppr. Striking or taking root ; turning up with
the snom.
ROOT'-LeAF, 71. A leaf growing immediately from the
root. jMartijn.
ROOT'LET, 7*. A radicle ; the fibrous part of a root.
ROOT'Y, a. Full of roots ; as, rooty ground. Adams.
r6-PAL'I€, a. [Gr. ponaXov, a club.] Clubformed ; in-
creasing or swelling towards the end.
ROPE, n. [Sax. rap; Sw. rep ; Dan. ree& ,• W.rhaf; Ir
ropa,roibin.'\ 1. A large string or line composed of sever-
al strands twisted together. 2. A row or string consisting
of a number of things united, 3. Ropes, [Sax. roppas,]
the intestines of birds. — Rope of sand, proverbially, feeble
union or tie ; a band easily broken.
ROPE, V. i. To draw out or extend into a filament or thread,
by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality
ROPE'-BAND. SeeRoBBiN.
RoPE'-DAN-CER, 7!. [rope and daricer.] One that walks
on a rope suspended. Addison.
RoPE'-LAD-DER,7i. A ladder made of ropes.
RoPE'-MaK-ER, 71. One whose occupation is to make
ropes or cordage.
RoPE'-MaK-ING, n. The art or business of manufacturing
ropes or cordage.
RoP'ER-Y, n. 1. A place where ropes are made. 2. A trick
that deserves the halter, Shak.
RoPE TRICK, n. A trick that deserves the halter. Shak.
RoPE'WALK, n. Along covered walk, or a long building
over smooth ground, where ropes are manufactured.
RoPE'-YARN, 71, Yarn for ropes, consisting of a single
thread.
RO'PI-NESS, n. Stringiness, or aptness to draw out in a
string or thread without breaking, as of glulmous substan-
ces ; "viscosity ; adhesiveness.
RoP'Y, a. Stringy ; adhesive ; that may be drawn into a
thread ; viscous ; tenacious ; glutinous.
*ROa'UE-LAUR, 71. [from Fr. ; Dan. roMeZor.] A cloak
for men. Gay.
Ro'RAL, a. [L. roralis.] Pertaining to dew, or consisting
of dew ; dewy. Green.
t RO-Ra'TION, 7). [L. roratio.] A falling of dew. Diet.
RO'RID, a. [L. ro7-idus.] Dewy. Granger.
RO-RIF ER-OUS, a. [L, ros and fero.] Generating or pro-
ducing dew. Diet.
t RO-RIF'LU-ENT, a. [L. ros and fluo.] Flowing with
dew. Diet.
RO-Sa'CEOUS, a. [L, rosaceus.] Rose-like ; composed of
several petals, arranged in a circular form.
Ro'SA-RY, n. [L, rosarium.] 1. A bed of roses, or place
where roses grow. 2. A chaplet. 3. A string of beads
used by Roman Catholics, on which they count theii
prayers.
RO-SAS'IC, a. The rosasic acid is obtained from the urine
of persons affected with intermitting and nervous fevers.
fROSCID, a. [L. roscidus.] Dewy; containing dew, o
consisting of dew. Bacon.
ROSE, n. [Fr. rose ; L., It., Sp. rosa; G,, Dan. rose.] 1. A
plant and flower of the genus rosa, of many species and
varieties. 2. A knot of ribbon in the form of a rose, used
as an ornamental tie of a shoe.— Under the rose, in secret ;
*SeeSynopsi<:. a g, I, O, tJ, Y, /o'!-— FAR, FALL, WH4T;^PREy ;-PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— 1[ Obsolete.
ROT
711
ROIJ
pnvately ; in a manner that forbids disclosure.— iJose of
Jericho, a plant growing on the plaii> of Jericho.
HOSE, ])ret. of rise.
RO'SE-AL, a. [L. roseus.'] Like a rose in smell or color.
*E,0''SE-ATE, (ro'zhe-at) a. [Fr. rosat.] 1. Rosy 5 full of
roses. 2. Blooming ; of a rose color. Boyle.
RpSE'BAY, 71. A plant, the nerium oleander.
RoSED, a. Crimsoned ; flushed. Shak.
RoSE'GALL, n. An excrescence on the dog-rose.
RoSE'-M'AL-L5W, n, A plant of the genus alcea.
ROSE'MA-Rr, n. [L. rosmarinus.] A verticillate plant of
the genus rosmarinus.
RoSE'No-BLE, n. An ancient English gold coin, stamped
with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Ed-
ward III. and current at 6s. 8d., or, according to Johnson,
at 16 shillings.
RoSE'-aUARTZ, n. A subspecies of quartz.
ROSE'-RQOT, n. A plant of the genus rhodiola.
Ro'SET, n.' [Fr. rosette.] A red color used by painters.
RoSE'-WA-TER, n. Water tinctured with roses by distil-
l^ation. Encyc.
ROSE'- WOOD, n. A plant or tree of the genus aspalathus,
growing in warm climates.
R0S-I-€RU'CIAN, n. [L. ros and crux.] The Rosicrucians
were a sect or cabal of hermetical philosophers, or rather
fanatics, who sprung up in Germany in the fourteenth
century, and made great pretensions to science ; and,
among other things, pretended to be masters of the secret
of the philosopher's stone.
ROS-I-€Ru'CIAN, a Pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or
their arts. Hudibras.
t Ro'SIER, (ro'zhur) n. [Fr.] A rose-bush. Spenser.
ROS'IN, n. [This is only a diifeient orthography of resin ;
Lr.roisin; Fr.resine; h. resina. See Resin.] 1. Inspis-
sated turpentine, a juice of the pine. 2. Any inspissated
matter of vegetables that dissolves in spirit of wine.
ROS'IN, V. t. To rub with rosin. Oay.
Ro'SI-NESS, n. The quality of being rosy, or of resembling
the color of the rose. Daoenant.
ROS'IN-Y, a. Like rosin, or partaking of its qualities.
ROS'LAND, n. [W. rhos, peat, or a moor. ] Heathy land ;
land full of ling ; moorish or watery land.
ROS'PO, 71. A fish of Mexico, perfectly round.
ROSS, n. [qa. G. graus.] The rough, scaly matter on the
surface of the bark of certain trees. JVew England.
ROSS'EL, n. Light land. [JVot used in .America.]
t ROSS'EL-LY, a. Loose ; light. Mortimer.
ROS'SET, n. The large ternate bat.
ROS'SIG-NOL, n. [Ft. ; It.rosignuolo.] The nightingale.
ROS'TEL, n. [L. rostellum.] In botany, the descending plane
part of the corcle or heart, in the first vegetation of a seed.
ROS'TER, n. In military affairs, a plan or table by which
the duty of officers is regulated. — In Massachusetts, a list
of the officers of a division, brigade, regiment or battalion.
ROS'TRAL, a. [L. rostrum.] 1. Resembling the beak of a
ship. 2. Pertaining to the beak.
ROS'TRATE, ) a. [L. rostratus.] 1. In botany, beaked ;
ROS'TRA-TED, \ having a process resembling the beak
of a bird. 2. Furnished or adorned with beaks.
ROS'TRUM, n. [L.] 1. The beak or bill ©f a bird. 2.
Jhe beak or head of a ship. — 3. In ancient Rome, a scaf-
fold or elevated place in the fomm, where orations, plead-
ings, funeral harangues, &c. were delivered. 4. The
pipe which conveys the distilling liquor into its receiver,
in the common alembic. 5. A crooked pair of scissors,
used by surgeons for dilating wounds.
RO'SY, a. 1. Resembling a rose ; blooming ; red ; blushing ;
charming. 2. Made in the form of a rose.
ROT, V. i. [Sax. rotian ; .D. rotten ; Sw. rota.] To lose
the natural cohesion and organization of parts, as animal
and vegetable substances ; to be decomposed and resolved
into its original component parts by the natural process,
or the gradual operation of heat and air ; to putrefy.
ROT, t'.lt. To make putrid ; to cause to be decomposed by
the natural operation of air and heat; to bring to corrup-
tion.
ROT n. 1. A fatal distemper incident to sheep, usually
supposed to be owing to wet seasons and moist pastures.
2. Putrefaction ; putrid decay. — 3. Dry rot, in timber, the
decay of the wood without the access of water.
RO'TA, n. [L. rota ; W. rhod.] 1. An ecclesiastical court
of Rome, composed of twelve prelates.— 2. In English
history, a club of politicians, who, in the time of Charles
I. contemplated an equal government by rotation.
Ro'TA-LITE, n. A genus of fossil shells.
RO'TA-RY, a. [L. rota ; W. rhod ; Sp. rueda ; Port, roda.]
Turning, as a wheel on its axis.
RO'TATE, a. In botany, wheel-shaped ; monopetalous,
spreading flat, without a tube.
Ro'TA-TED, a. [L. rotatus.] Turned round ^ as a wheel.
r6-Ta'TION, n. [L. rotatio.] 1. The act of turning, as
a wheel or solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the
progressive motion of a body revolving round another
body or a distant point. 2. Vicissitude of succession.
RO'TA-TIVE, a. Turning, as a wheel ; rotatory. [L. «.]
RO-Ta 'TO-PLANE, a. In botany, wheel-shaped and flat,
without a tube. Lee.
RO-Ta'TOR, n. [L.] That which gives a circular or roll
ing motion ; a muscle producing a rolling motion.
RO'TA-TO-RY, a. [from rota tor. J 1. Turning on an axis
as a wheel ; rotary. 2. Going m a circle ; following in
succession.
t ROTE, ii. [a contraction of crowd, W. crwth, Ir. emit ]
A kind of violin or harp.
ROTE, n. [L. rota.] Properly, a round of words ; frequent
repetition of words or sounds, without attending to the
signification, or to principles and rules ; a practice that im-
presses words in the memory without an effort of the
understanding, and without the aid of rules.
ROTE, V. t. To fix in the memory by means of frequent
repetition, without an effort of the understanding to com-
prehend What is repeated. [Little used.] Shak.
ROTE, V. i. To go out by rotation or succession. [Little
used ]
ROTH'ER-BeASTS, n. [Sax. hryther.] Cattle of tte bo-
vine genus. Golding.
ROTH'ER-NAlLS,m. [coxrvLpteAfmrarjidder-nails.] Among
shipicrights, nails With very full heads, used for fastening
the rudder-irons of ships.
ROTH'OF-FITE, n. A variety of grenate, brown or black.
RO'TO-CO, n. An eastern weight of 5lbs. Entick.
ROT'TEN, (rot'n) a. [Sw. rutten.] 1. Putrid; carious;
decomposed by the natural process of decay. 2. Not firm
or trusty ; unsound ; defective in principle ; treacherous ;
deceitful. 3. Defective in substance ; not sound or hard.
4. Fetid ; ill-smelling.
ROT'TEN-NESS, n. State of being decayed or putrid ; ca
riousness ; putrefaction ; unsoundness.
ROTTEN-STONE, n. A soft stone or mineral.
RO-TUND', a. [L,. rotundus.] 1. Round; circular; spher-
ical. — 2. In ioJ«7??/, circumscribed by one unbroken curve,
or without angles.
RO-TUND-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. rotundas and folium.]
Having round leaves.
RO-TUND'I-TY, 71. Roundness ; sphericity ; circularity.
RO-TUND'O, 71. [It. rotondo.] A round building; any
building that is round both on the outside and inside.
ROU'COU, (roo'koo) n. A substance used in dyeing ; the
same as anotta.
ROUGE, (roozh) a. [Fr.] Red. Davies.
ROUGE, (roozh) n. Red paint; a substance used for paint-
ing the cheeks.
ROUGE, V. i. To paint the face, or rather the cheeks.
ROUGE, V. t. To paint or tinge with red paint.
ROUGH, (ruf ) a. [Sax. hreog, hreoh, hrug, reoh, rug, ruh,
href, hreof; D. ruig.] 1. Having inequalities, small ridges
or points on the surface ; not smooth or plane. 2. Stony;
abounding with stones and stumps. 3. Not wrought or
polished. 4. Thrown into huge waves ; violently agi-
tated. 5. Tempestuous ; stormy ; boisterous. 6. Aus-
tere to the taste ; harsh. 7. Harsh to the ear ; grating ;
jarring ; unharmonious. 8. Rugged of temper ; sevei-e ;
austere ; rude ; not mild or courteous. 9. Coarse in man-
ners ; rude. 10. Harsh ; violent ; not easy. 11. Harsh ;
severe ; uncivil. 12. Hard-featured ; not delicate. 13.
Terrible ; dreadful. 14. Rugged ; disordered in appear-
ance ; coarse. 15. Hairy ; shaggy ; covered with hairs,
bristles and the like.
ROUGH'-CAST, (ruf kast) v. t. [rough and cast.] 1. To
form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction
and polish. 2. To mold without nicety or elegance, or to
form with asperities. 3. To cover with a mixture of
plaster and shells or pebbles.
ROUGH'-€aST, (ruf-kast) 71. 1. A rude model; the form
of a thing in its first rudiments, unfinished. 2. A plaster
with a mixture of shells or pebbles, uped for covering
buildings.
ROUGH '-DRAUGHT, (rUf'-draft) n. A draught in its rudi-
ments ; a draught not perfected ; a sketch.
ROUGH'-DRAW, (ruf'-draw) v. t. To draw or delineate
coarsely. Dryden.
ROUGH'DRAWN, {mf- drawn) pp. Coarsely drawn.
ROUGH'EN;'(rufn) v. t. [from rough.] To make rough.
ROUGH'EN, (ruf n) v. i. To grow or become rough.
ROUGH'-FOOT-ED, (ruf-fut-ed) a. Feather-footed.
ROUGH'-HEW, (ruf'-hu) v. t. [rough and hew.] 1. To
hew coarsely without smoothing. 2. To give the first
form or shape to a thing.
ROUGH'-HEWN, (ruP-hune) pp. ot a. 1. Hewn coarsely
without smoothing. 2. Rugged ; unpolished ; of coarse
manners ; i-ude. 3. Unpolished ; not nicely finished.
ROUGH'INGS, (rufingz) 71. Grass after mowing or reaping,
[Local.]
ROUGH'LY, (rufly) adv. 1. With uneven surface ; with
asperities on the suiface. 2. Harshly ; uncivilly ; rudely
3. Severely ; without tenderness. 4. Austerely to the
taste. 5. Boisterously ; tempestuously. 6. Harshly to the
ear. 7. Violently ; not gently.
Set Synopsis. M5VE , BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAwr t Obsolete
712
ROW
ROUGH'NESS, (rufii^^^PflBj, Unevenness of surface, oc-
ca-sioned by small promineiices ; asperity of surface, 2,
Austereuess to the taste. 3. Taste of astringency. 4.
Harshness to the ear. 5. Euggedness of temper; harsh-
ness ; austerity. 6. Coarseness of manners or behavior ;
rudeness. 7. Want of delicacy or refinement. 8. Severi-
ty ; harshness or violence of discipline. 9. Violence of
operation in medicines. 10. Unpolished or unfinished
state. 11. Inelegance of dress or appearance. 12. Tem-
pestuousness ; boisterousness ; as ot v/inds or weather.
13. Violent agitation by wi]id. 14. Coarseness of featm-es.
ROUGH- iCiD'-ER, n. One that breaks horses for riding.
ROUGH '-SHOD, (ruf shod) a. Shod with shoes armed with
points.
t SOUGHT, for raught ; pret. of reach. Shak.
ROUGH'-W^ORK, (ruf wm-k) v. t. To work over coarsely,
without regard to nicety, smoothness or finish.
ROUGIi'-WR OUGHT, (rufrawt) a. Wrought or done
coarsely.
RoU-LEAU', (roo-15') n. [Fr.] A little roll 5 a roll of guin-
eas in paper. Pope.
\ ROUN, V. i. [G. rawien ; Sax. nmian.] To whisper.
JROUN, V. t. To address in a whisper. Bret.
ROUNCE, (rouns) n. The handle of a printing press,
ROUN'CE-VAL, n. [from Sp. Roncesvalles.'] A vaHety of
pea, so called. Tusser.
ROUN'-TREE, or RoAN'-TRii;E, n. The mountain-ash.
ROUND, a. [Fr. rond ; It., Sp., Port. ro7ida.] 1. Cylindri-
cal ; circular ; spherical or globular. 2. Full ; large. 3.
Full ; smooth ; flowing 5 not defective or abrupt. 4.
riaiii , open , ca'; did ; lair. 5. Full ; quick ; brisk. 6.
Full; plump; bold; positive. — A round number is a
number that ends with a cipher, and may be divided by
10 without a remainder.
ROUiND, n. 1. A circle ; a circular thing, or a circle in mo-
tion. 2. Action or perfonnance in a circle, cr passing
through a series of hands or things, and coming to the
point of beginning ; or the tiane of such action. 3. Rota-
tion in office; succession in vicissitude. 4. A rundle ;
the step of a ladder. 5, A walk performed by a guard or
an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or among sen-
tinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all thing's
safe, 6. A dance ; a song ; a roundelay, or a species of
fugue, 7, A general discliarge of fire-arms by a body of
troops, in which each soldier fires once. — .^7 round of car-
triges and balls, one cartridge to each man.
ROUiVD, adv. 1. On all sides. 2. Circularly ; in a circular
form. 3. From one side or party to another. 4. Is'ot in
a direct line ; by a course longer than the direct course. —
All round, in common speech, denotes over the whole place,
or in every direction.
ROUND, pre^. 1. On every side of; as, the people stood
round him. 2. About ; in a circular course, or in all parts ;
as, to go round the city. 3. Ciicularly ; about. — To come
or get r-jiLiid one, in popular language, is to gain advantage
over one by flattery or deception ; to circumvent.
ROUND, V. t. To make circular, spherical or cylindrical.
2. To surround ; to encircle ; to encompass. 3. To form
to the arch or figure of the section of a circle. 4. To
move about any thing. 5. To make full, smooth and
flowing. — To round in, among seamen, to pull upon a slack
rope, v/hich passes through one or more blocks m a direc-
tion nearly horizontal.
ROUND, V. i. 1. To grow or become round. 2. To go
round. — To round to, in sailing, is to turn the head of the
ship towards the wind.
j- ROUND, V. i. [a corruption of roun j Sax. runian ; G,
raunen.] To whisper. Bacon.
ROUiN'DA-BOUT, a, [round cmdi about.'] 1, Indirect ; going
round ; loose. 2, Ample ; extensive. 3. Encircling ;
encompassing.
ROUND'A-BOUT, n. A large strait coat.
ROUNDEL, ROUND'E-LAY, or ROUND'O, -n. [Fr.
rondelet.'] 1. A sort of ancient poem, consisting of thir-
teen verses, of which eiglit are in one kind of rhyme, and
five in another. 2. [Fr. rondelle.] A round form or
figure ; [ohs.]
t ROUND'ER, n. Circumference ; inclosure.
ROUND'HEAD, n. [round and head.] A name formerly
given to a Puritan, from the practice which prevailed
among the Puritans of cropping the hair round. Spectator.
ROUND HEAD-ED, a. Having a round head cr top.
ROUND'HOUSE, n. 1. A constable's prison ; the prison to
secure persons taken up by the night watch, till they can
be examined by a magistrate. Encyc. — 2. In a. ship of war,
a certain necessary near the head," for the use of particu-
lar officers. — 3. In large merchant-men and ships of loar, a
cabin or apartment in the after part of the quarter-deck,
having the pf'op for its roof; sometimes called the
coach.
KOUxVD'ING,p^r. 1. IMaking round or circular. 2. Making
full, flowing and smooth.
ROUND'ING, a. Round or roundish ; nearly round.
ROUND'ING, n. Among seamen, old ropes wound about the
part of the cable which lies in the hawse, or athwart the
stem, to prevent its chafing.
ROUNDISH, a. Somewhat round ; nearly round.
ROUND'ISH-NESS, n. The state of being roundish.
ROUND'LET, n. A little circle. Gregory.
ROUND'LY, adv. 1. Iji a round form or manner. 2. Open-
ly , boldly ; without reserve ; peremptorily. 3, Plainly ;
fully, 4. Briskly ; with speed. 5. Completely ; to the
purpose ; vigorously ; in earnest.
ROUND'NESS, n. I. The quality of being round, circular,
spherical, globular or cylindrical ; circularity ; sphericity ;
cylindrical form ; rotundity, 2. Fullness ; smoothness of
flow. 3. Openness; plainness; boldness; positiveness.
ROUND'RIDgE, v. t. ground and 7-idge.] In tdluire, to
form round ridges by ploughing. Edwards, W. Indtes.
ROUND'ROB-IN, n. [Vi. rund and ruban. Todd.] A writ
ten petition, memorial or remonstrance signed by names
in a ring or circle. Forbes.
ROUND.S, ?i. plu. 1. See llouJND, n. No. 5. 2. Roan d- top ;
see Top.
ROUSE, (rouz) v. t. [This word, written also arouse, seems
to belong to the family cf raise or rush. See Raise.] 1. To
wake from sleep or repose. Gen. xlix. 2. To excite to
thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupid-
ity or inattention. 3. To put into action ; to agitate. 4,
I'o drive a beast from his den or place of rest,
ROUSE, V. i. 1. To awake from sleep or repose. 2. To be
excited to thought or action from a state of indolence,
sluggishness, languor or inattention.
ROUSE, V. i. In seamen's language, to pull together upon
a cable, &c. without the assistance of tackles.
t ROUSE, n. [D. roes : G. rausch.] A full glass of liquor ;
a bumper in honor of a health. Shak.
ROUSED, pp. Awakened from sleep ; excited to thought
or action.
ROUg'JJil, 5!. One that rouses or excites.
EOUS'ING, ppr. 1. Awaking from sleep ; exciting ; calling
into action. 2. a. Having power to awaken or excite.
3. Great ; violent ; [vv'igar.]
ROUT, 71. [G. rotte ; D. rot; Dan. rode.] 1, A rabble ; a
clamorous multitude ; a tumultuous crowd, — 2. In law, a
rozu is where three persons or more meet to do an uniav/-
ful act upon a common quarrel, as forcibly to break down
fences on a right claimed of common orof way, and make
some advances towards it, 3. A select company ; a party
for gaming
ROUT, 74. [Fr. deroute ; It. rotta.] The breaking or de-
feat of an army or band of troops, or the disorder and
confusion of troops thus deJfated and put to flight.
ROUT, V. t. To break the ranks of troops and put them to
flight in disorder ; to defeat and throw into confusion.
tRO'UT, r.r. To assemble in a clamorous and tunmltuous
crowd. Bacon.
*ROUT, ?,„,.>,( n. [Fr. route ; Sp. rauta ; Arm, roud ; W.
ROUTE, I ^-^^^ I rhawd.] The course or way wliich is
traveled or passed, or to be passed ; a passing ; a course ;
a march.
tllOUT, r. I. [Sax. /),ruta?i,] To snore. Chaucer.
I ROUT, V. t. [for root.] To turn up the ground with the
snout ; to search.
ROU-TiNE', (roo-teen') n. [Fr.] 1. A round of business,
amusements or pleasure, daily or frequentlj' pursued ;
particularly, a course of business or official duties, regu-
larly or frequently returning. 2. Any regular habit or
practice not acconmiodated to circumstances.
ROVE, V. I. [Dan. rover ; Sw. rofva.] To wander ; to
ramble ; to range ; to go, move or pass without certain
direction in any manner, by walking, riding, flying or
otherwise.
ROVE, V. t. To wander over ; as, roving a fleld,
ROVE, V. t. [q\i. reeve.] To draw a thread, string or cord
through an eye or aperture.
RoV'ER, n. 1. A wanderer ; one who rambles about. 2.
A fickle or inconstant person. 3. 'A robber or pirate ;
a freebooter. — M rovers, without any particular aim ; at
random.
JxOV'U<G, ppr. Rambling; wandering; passing a cord
through an eye,
RoW, n. [Sax. rawa : G.rcihe; D.rei.] A series of per-
sons or things arranged in a continued line ; a line ; a
rank ; a file. Milton.
ROW, n. A riotous noise; a drunken debauch. [A low
word.]
RoW, V. t. [Sax. rowan, reo^can ; Sw. ro ; Dan. roer.] 1
To impel, as a boat or vessel along the surface of water
by oars. 2. To transport by rowing.
Row, V. i. To labor with the oar ; as, to row well.
fRoW'A-BLE, a. Capable of being rowed or rowed upon.
RoWED,^p. Driven by oars.
ROWEL, 71. [Old Fr. rouelle.] 1. The little wheel of a
spur, formed with sharp points. — 2. Among farriers, a roll
of hair or silk, used as an issue on horses, answering to a
seton in surgery. 3. A little flat ring or wheel of plate or
iron on horses' bits.
* See Synopds. A, K, T, 6, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j-
RUB
713
RUD
ROWEL, t>. t. To insert a rowel in ; to pierce the skin and
keep open tlie wound by a rowel.
ROWEjVj n. 1. A field kept up till after Michaelmas, that
the corn left on the ground may sprout into green. J\rotes
on Ttisser. — 2. In JSTew England, the second growth of
grass in a season.
UoWER, n. One that rows or manages an oar in rowing.
Rowing, ppr. impelling, as a boat by oars.
ROWLEY-RAGG. See Ragg.
RoW-LOOK, n. That part of a boat's gunwale on which
the oar rests in rowing. Mar'. Diet.
RoW-PoRT, 71. A little square hole in the side of small
vessels of war, near the surface of the water, for the use
ot an oar for rowing in a calm.
ROY'AL, a. [Fr. royal; It. reale ; Sp., Port. real.'\ 1.
Kingly; pertaining to a king; regal. 2. Becoming a
king ; magnificent. 3. Noble ; illustrious.
ROY'AL, 7f. 1. A large kind of paper. It is used as a noun
or an adjective. — 2. Among seamen, a small sail spread
immediately above the top-gallant-sail ; sometimes termed
the top-gallant^oyal. 3. One of the shoots of a stag's
head. — 4. In artillery, a small mortar. — 5. In England,
one of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot, called the
royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Eu-
rope.
ROY'AL ISM, n. Attachment to the principles or cause of
royalty, or to a royal government. Madison.
ROY'AL-IST, n. An adherent to a king, or one attached to
a kingly government. Waller.
ROY'AL-TZEji). t. To make roj'al. Shak.
RO Y' AL-LY, adv. In a kingly manner ; like a king ; as
becomes a king. Dryden.
ROY'AL-TY, ?t. [Fr. i-oyaute ; It. realtd.] 1. Kingship;
the character, state or office of a king. — 2. Royalties, plu.
emblems of royalty; regalia. 3. Rights of a king ; pre-
rogatives.
t ROYNE, V. t. [Fr. rogner.] To bite ; to gnaw.
t ROYN'ISH, a. [Fr. rogneux ; Sp. ronoso ; It. rognoso.]
Mean ; paltry ; as, the roynish clown. Shak.
t ROY TEL-ET, 7t. [Fr. roitelet.] A little king. Heylin
t ROY'TISH, a. Wild ; irregular. Beaximont.
BUB, P.t. [W. rhwbiaw.] 1. To move something along
the surface of a body with pressure. 2. To wipe; to
clean ; to scour. 3. To touch so as to leave behind some-
thing which touches ; to spread over. 4. To polish ; to
retouch ; with over. 5. i'o obstruct by collision ; [unu-
sual.] Skak. — To rub down, to clean by rubbing; to conb
or curry, as a horse. — To rah off, to clean any thing by
rubbing ; to separate by friction. — To rub out. 1. To erase ;
to obliterate. 9. To remove or separate by friction. — To
rub upon, to touch hard. Sidney. — To rub up- 1. To bur-
nish ; to polish ; to clean. 2. To excite ; to awaken ; to
rouse to action.
RUB, V. i. 1. To move along the surface of a body with
pressure. 2. To fret; to chafe. 3. To move or pass
with difficulty.
RUB, n. 1. The act of rubbing ; friction. 2. That which
renders motion or progress difficult; collision; hinder-
ance ; obstruction. 3. Inequality of ground that hinders
the motion of a bowl. 4. Difficulty ; cause of uneasi-
ness ; pinch, 5. Sarcasm ; joke ; something grating to
the feelings.
RUB, or RUB'-STONE, n. [rub and stone.] A stone, usu-
ally some kind of sandstone, used to sharpen instruments ;
a whetstone.
fRUB'BAGE, tRUB'BIDGE, or fRUB'BLE, for rubbish,
vulgar and not used.
RUB'BER, n. 1. One that rubs. 2. The instrument or
thing used in rubbing or cleaning. 3. A coarse file, or
the rough part of it. 4. A whetstone ; a rubstone. — 5. In
gaming, two games out of three ; or the game that decides
the contest ; or a contest consisting of three games. — India
rubber, elastic resin, or caoutchouc, a substance produced
from the syringe-tree of South America ; a substance re-
markably pliable and elastic.
RUB'BISH,?;. 1. Fragments of buildings ; brolcen or imper-
fect pieces of any structure ; ruins. "2. Waste or reject-
ed matter ; any thing worthless. 3. Mingled mass ; con-
fusion.
RUB'BLE-STONE; n. A stone, so called from its being
rubbed and worn by water ; graywacke.
RU-BE-Fa'CIENT, a. [I^. rubefacio.] Making red.
RU-BE-Fa'CIENT, n. In medicine, a substance or external
application which excites redness of the skin.
RU'BEL-LITE, n. [from L. rubeus.] A silicious mine-
ral of a red color of various shades ; the red shorl ; siberite.
RU-BES'CENT, a. [Ij. rubescens,rubesco.] Growing or be-
coming red ; tending to a red color.
RU'BI-€AN, a. [Fr.; L. rubeo.] Rubican color of ,a horse
is a bay, sorrel or black, with a light gray or white upon
the flanks, but the gray or white not predominant there.
Ru'BI-CEL, n. [L. rubeo.] A gem or mineral, a variety of
ruby of a reddish color, from Brazil.
Rtf'BI-€UND, a. [L. rubicuiidus.] Inclining to redness.
tRU-BI-€UND'I-TY,7i. Disposition to redness.
RU'BIED, a. Red as a ruby ; as, a rubied lip.
RU-BIF'I€, a. fL. ruber and facio.] Maldng red
RU-BI-FI-€a'TION, n The act of making red.
RU'BI-FORM, a. [L. ruber 3.nd form.] Having the form of
red. JVewton.
RXJ'Bl-FY,v.t. [h. ruber and facio.] To make red. [L.u.]
RU-BI'GO, ?/. Mildew; a rust which appears on the leaves
and stems of plants, consisting of a small fungus.
fRU'BI-OUS, a. [1.. rubeus.] Red ; ruddy. S/taA;.
RU'BLE, (roo'bl) n. [Russ., from rublyu.] A silver coin oi
Russia, of the value of about fifty-seven cents.
RU'BRie, 71. [Fr. rubrique; L., It., Sp. rubrica.] 1. In
the canon law, a title or article in certain ancient law
books ; so called because written in red tetters. 2. Direc-
tions printed in prayer books.
RtJ'BRI€, V. t. To adorn with red.
RtJ'BRIO,
a. Red.
RU'BRI-OAL,
Ru'BRI-€AL, a. Placed in rubrics.
RU'BRI-€ATE, v. t. [L. rubricatus.] To mark or distin-
guish with red. Herbert.
RU'BRI-€ATE, a. Marked with red. Spelman.
Ru'BY, 71. [Fr. rubis ; Sp. rubi ; Fort, rubi, rubim ; It.ru
bino.] 1. A precious stone; a mineral of a carmine-red
color. 2. Redness ; red color. 3. Any thing red. 4
A blain ; a blotch; a carbuncle. — Ruby of arsenic or sul-
phur is the realgar, or red combination of arsenic and sul-
phur. jYicholson. — Ruby of zink is the red blend. — Rock
ruby, the amethystizontes of the ancients, is the most
valued species of garnet.
Ru'BY, V. t. To make red. Pope.
Ru'BY, a. Of the color of the ruby ; red ; as, ruby lips.
RUeK, V. t. [L. rugo.] 1. To cower ; to bend and set
close ; [obs.] Oower. 2. To wrinkle.
RUGK, n. A ^vrinkle ; a fold ; a plait.
RU€-Ta'TION, 71. [L. ructo.] The act of belching wmd
from tlie stomach.
f RUD, to make red, used by Spenser, is a different spellinj
of red. See Ruddy.
RUD, 72. [Sax. ritde.] 1. Redness; blush; also, red ochre
2. The fish rudd.
RUDD, n. [probably from red, mddy.] A fish.
RUD'DER, n. [G. ruder; Sax. rother.] 1. InrMvigation
the instrument by which a ship is steered ; that part of
the hehn which consists of a piece of timber, broad at the
bottom, which enters the water and is attached to the
stern-post by hinges, on which it turns. 2. Tliat which
guides or governs the course. 3. A sieve ; [local.]
RUD'DER-PERCH, 7(. A small fish. Catesby.
RUD'DI-NESS, n. The state of being ruddy ; redness, or
rather a lively tiesh color ; that degree of redness which
characterizes high health ; applied chiefly to the complex
ion or color of the human skin.
RUD'DLE, n. [W. rhutell.] The name of a species of chalk
or red earth, colored by iron. Woodward.
RUD'DLE-MAN, n. One who digs ruddle.
RUD'DOe, 71. [Sax. rudduc] A bird.
RUD'DY, a. [Sax. rude, rudu, read; D. rood; G. roth.] 1.
Of a red color ; of a lively flesh color, or the color of the
human skm in high health. 2. Of a bright yellow color ;
i unusual.]
DE, a. [Fr. rude ; It. rude and rozzo ; Sp. rudo ; L. ru~
dis.] 1. Rough; uneven; rugged; unformed by art. 2.
Rough ; of coarse mannei-s ; unpolished ; uncivil ; clown-
ish : rustic. 3. Violent ; tumultuous ; boisterous ; turbu-
lent. 4. Violent ; fierce ; impetuous. 5. Harsh ; inclem-
ent. 6. Ignorant ; untaught ; savage ; barbarous. 7
Raw ; untaught ; ignorant ; not skilled or practiced. 8.
Artless; inelegant; not polished.
RUDE'LY, adv. 1. With roughness. 2. Violently ; fierce-
ly ; tnmultuously. 3. In a rude or uncivil manner. 4.
Without exactness or nicety ; coarsely. 5. UnskillfuUy.
6. Without elegance.
RtJDE'NESS, n. 1. A rough, broken state; unevenness :
wildness. 2. Coai-seness of manners ; incivility"; rustic-
ity ; vulgarity. 3. Ignorance ; unskillfulness. 4. Art-
lessness ;" coarseness ; inelegance. 5. Violence ; impet-
uosity. 6. Violence ; storminess.
RtJ'DEN-TURE, n. [Fr.] In architecture, the figure of a
rope or staff, plain or carved, with which the flutings of
columns are sometimes filled.
[RU'DE-RA-RY, a. [Low L. niderariv^,] Belonging to
rubbish. Diet.
t RU-DE-Ra'TION, n. [L. nideratio.] The act of paving
with pebbles or little stones. Bailey.
RuDES'BY, n. An uncivil, turbulent fellow. Shak.
RU'DI-MENT, 71. [Fr.; L. rudimentum.] 1. A first pnnci
pie or element ; that which is to be first learnt. 2. The
original of any thing in its first form.
RU'DI-MENT, 'v. t. To furnish with first principles or .Tiles ;
to ground ; to settle in first principles.
RU-DI-MENT AL, a. Initial ; pertaining to rudunents, or
consisting in first principles.
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE — G aa K ; C as J ] S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t/w*. t Obsolete
RUG
714
RUM
&0E, (ru) V. t. [Sax. reowian, hreowian; W.rkuaWfrhuadu;
D. rouwen ; G. reueii.] To lament ; to regret ; lo grieve
for.
fRuE, V. i. To have compassion. Chaucer.
jRuE, M. Sorrow; repentance. Shak.
Rue, (ru) n, [Sax. rude; Dan. rude; L., It. ruta ; Sp.
ruda; Fr-rwe.] Aplantof the genus ritte, of several species.
RUE'FJJL, (ru'ful) a. [rue and /uZZ.] 1. Woful ; mourn-
fal ; sorrowful ; to be lamented. 2. Expressing sorrow
RUE'FUL-LY, adv. Mournfully ; sorrowfully. More.
RuE'FJJL-NESS, n. Sorrowfulness ; mournfulness.
RuETNG, n. Lamentation. Smith.
jRLT-EijLE', (ru-el') n. [Fr.] A circle; a private circle or
assembly at a private house. Dryden.
RU-FES'CEiVT, a. [L. rufesco.} Reddish; tinged with
red.
RUFF, n. [Arm. rouffenn.] 1. A piece of plated linen worn
by females around the neck. 2. Something puckered or
plaited. 3. A small fish, a species of per ca. 4. A bird
of the genus trmga, with a tuft of feathers around the
neck of the male, whence the namt. 5. [Sax. hreof.] A
state of roughness ; [obs.] 6. Pride ; elevation. 7. A
particular species of pigeon. 8. [D. troef, troeven.'] At
cards, the act of winning the trick by trumping the cards
of another suit.
RUFF, V. t. 1. To rufle ; to disorder. 2. [D. troeven.] To
trump any other suit of cards at whist.
*RUF'FIAN, n. [It. ruffiano ; Sp. rujian ; Port, rufiam ; D.
roffiaan-l A boisterous, brutal fellow ; a fellow ready for
any desperate crime ; a robber ; a cut-throat ; a murderer.
Addison.
* RUF'FIAN, a. Brutal ; savagely boisterous. Pope.
* RUF'FIAN, V. i. To play the ruffian ; to rage ; to raise tu-
mult. Shak.
* RUF'FIAN-LllCE, a. Like a ruffian ; bold in crimes ; vio-
lent; licentious. Fulke.
RUF'FLE, V. t. [Belgic, ruyffelen.] 1. Properly, to wrin-
kle ; to draw or contract into wrinkles, open plaits or
folds. 2. To disorder by disturbing a smooth surface ; to
make uneven by agitation. 3. To discompose by disturb-
ing a calm state of; to agitate ; to disturb. It expresses
less than /ret and vex. 4. To throw into disorder or con-
fusion. 5. To throw together in a disorderly manner. 6.
To furnish with ruffles.
RUF'FLE, V. i. 1. To g-ow rough or turbulent. 2. To play
loosely ; to flutter. 3. To be rough ; to jar ; to be in con-
tention ; [obs.]
RUF'FLE, 11. 1. A strip of plaited cambric, or other fine
cloth, attached to some border of a garment, as to the
wristband or hosom. 2. Disturbance ; agitation ; commo-
tion.
RUF'FLE, ) n. A particular beat or roll of the drum, used
RUFF, \ on certain occasions in military affairs, as a
mark of respect.
^UFa-'LE, I ^_ ^_ -p^j ^g^^ j}^^ j.^fj.Qj. ^Qji Qf ^jjg jjj.^j^_
itur J , )
RUF'FLED, pp. Disturbed ; agitated ; furnished with ruf-
fles.
t RUF'FLER, n. A bully ; a swaggerer.
RUF'FLING, ppr. Disturbing ; agitating ; furnishing with
ruffles.
RUF'FLING, n. Commotion; disturbance; agitation.
RUF'FING^' ! PP^- Beating a roll of the drum.
RUF'FLING, I n. A particular beat or roll of the drum,
RUF'FING, \ used on certain occasions as a mark of re-
spect.
RtJ'FOUS, a. [Li.rufas; Sp.rufo.] Reddish; of a reddish
color, or rather of a yellowish red.
RUF'TER-HOOD, n. In falconry, a hood to be worn by a
hawkwhen'she is first drawn. Bailey.
RUG, 71. [D. ruig ; G. rauch; Sw. rugg ; Dan. rug.] 1.
A coarse, nappy, woolen cloth used for a bed-cover, and,
in modern times particularly, for covering the carpet be-
fore a fire-place. 2. A rough, woolly or shaggy dog.
RUG'GED, a. [from the root of ruo-, rough, which see.] 1.
Rough ; full of asperities on the surface ^ broken into
sharp or irregular points or crags, or otherwise uneven.
2. Uneven ; not neat or regular. 3. Rough in temper ;
harsh ; hard ; crabbed ; austere. 4. Stormy ; turbulent ;
tempestuous. 5. Rough to the ear ; harsh ; grating. 6.
Soui ; surly ; frowning ; wrinkled. 7. Violent ; rude ;
boisterous. 8. Rough ; shaggy.— 9. In botany, scabrous ;
rough with tubercles or stiff points.
RUG'GED-LY, adv. In a rough or rugged manner.
RUG'GED-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being rug-
ged ; roughness ; asperity of surface. 2. Roughness of
temper ; harshness ; surliness. 3. Coarseness ; rudeness
of manners. 4. Storminess ; boisterousness.
RUG'-GOWNED, a. Wearing a coarse gown or rug.
t RUG'IN, 71. A nappy cloth. Wiseman.
RO'GINE, 71. [Fr.l A surgeon's rasp. Sharp.
RtJ'GOSE, or RtJ'GOUS, a. [li.rugosus.] Wrinkled ^ full
of wrinkles. Wiseman.— 'i. In botany, a rugose leaf is
wlien the veins are more contracted than the disk, so that
the latter rises into little inequalities, as in sage, primrose,
cowslip, &c.
RU-GOS'I-TY, n. A state of being wrinkled. [Little used.]
Smith.
RU'IN, 71. [Fr. rwine; L., Sp. 7-uma; It. rwiTia.] 1. Destruc-
tion ; fall ; overthrow ; defeat ; that change of any thing
which destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it
for use. 2. Mischief; bane; that which destroys.— 3.
P^uin, more generally ruins, the remains of a decayed or
demolished city, house, fortress, or any work of art or
other thing; as, the ruins of Palmyra. 4. The decayed
or enfeebled remains of a natural object. 5. The cause
of destruction.
Ru'IN, V. t. [Fr. miner.] 1. To demolish ; to pull down,
burn, or otherwise destroy. 2. To subvert ; to destroy
3. To destroy ; to bring to an end. 4. To destroy in any
manner. 5. To counteract ; to defeat. 6. To deprive of
felicity or fortune. 7. To impoverish. 8. To bring to
everlasting misery.
Ru'IN, V. i. 1. To fall into ruins. 2. To run to ruin ; to
fall into decay or be dilapidated. 3. To be reduced ; to be
brought to poverty or misery.
t Ru'IN- ATE, V. t. To demolish ; to subvert ; to destroy ; to
reduce to poverty.
(■ RU-IN-A'TION, n. Subversion ; overthiow ; demolition,
Ru'INED, pp. Demolished; destroyed; subverted ; reduc-
ed to poverty ; undone.
RU'IN-ER, n. One that ruins or destroys. Chapman.
RU'IN-I-FORM, a. [L. ruina, and form.] Having the ap-
pearance of ruins, or the ruins of houses.
RU'IN-ING, ppr. Demolishing ; subverting ; destroying ;
reducing to poverty ; bringing to endless misery.
RU'IN-OUS, a. [L. ruinosu^ ; Fr. ruineux.] 1. Fallen to
ruin ; entirely decayed ; demolished ; dilapidated. 2.
Destructive ; baneful ; pernicious ; bringing or tending to
bring certain ruin. 3. Composed of ruins ; consisting in
ruins.
RU'IN-OUS-LY, adv. In a ruinous manner ; destructively
RU'IN-OUS-NESS, 71. A ruinous state or quality,
RULE, n. [W. rheol ,• Arm. real; Sax. regol, reogol ; Sw.,
Dan., G., D. regel; Fr. regie.] 1. Government; sway ;
empire ; control ; supreme command or authority. 2.
That which is established as a principle, standard or direc-
tory ; that by which any thing is to be adjusted or regu-
lated, or to which it is to be conformed. 3. An instru-
ment by which lines are drawn. 4. Established mode or
C()urse of proceeding prescribed in private life. — 5. In lit-
erature, a maxim, canon or precept to be observed in any
art or science. — 6. In monasteries, corporations or societies,
a law or regulation to be observed by the society and its
particular members. — 7. In courts, rules are the determi-
nations and orders of court, to be observed by its officers
in conducting the business of the court. — 8. In arithmetic
and algebra, a determinate mode prescribed for perform-
ing any operation and producing a certain result. — 9. In
grammar, an established form of construction in a partic-
ular class of words ; or the expression of that form in
words.
RULE, V. t. 1. To govern ; to control the will and actions
of others, either by arbitrary power and authority, or by
established laws. 2. To govern the movements of things
to conduct; to manage ; to control. 3. To manage; to
conduct, in almost any manner. 4. To settle as by a rule
5. To mark with lines by a ruler. 6. To estabhsh by de
cree or decision ; to determine, as a court.
RULE, V. i. To have power or command ; to exercise su-
preme authority. Ray.
Ruled,;;;). Governed; controlled ; conducted ; managed,
established by decision.
RuL'ER, n. 1. One that governs, whether emperor, king,
pope or governor ; any one that exercises supreme power
over others. 2. One that makes or executes laws in a
limited or free government. 3. A rule ; an instrument
of wood or metal with straight edges or sides, by which
lines are drawn on paper, parchment or other substance.
RuL'ING, ppr. 1. Governing ; controlling the will and ac
tions of intelligent beings, or the movements of othei
physical bodies. 2. Marking by a ruler. 3. Deciding ;
determining. 4. a. Predominant; chief; controlling.
fRuL'Y, a, [from j-M^e.] Orderly; easily restrained.
RUM, n. 1. Spirit distilled from cane-juice, or the scum-
mings of the juice from the boiling-house, or from the trea-
cle or molasses which drains from sugar, or from dunder,
the lees of former distillations. 2. A low, cant word for
a country parson. Swift.
fRUM, a. Old-fashioned ; queer.
RUM'BLE, v. i. [D.rommelen; G.rummeln; Ban. rumler.]
To make a low, heavy, continued sound.
RUM'BLER, 71. The person or thing that rumbles.
RUM'BLING, ppr. Making a low, heavy, continued sound
RUM'BLING, 71. A low, heavy, continued sound. Jer.
xlvii.
RUM'BUD, 71. A grog-blossom. Rush.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T. O, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete.
RUN
'15
RUN
RC'MI-NANT, a. [Fi ; L. rumino.'] Chewing the cud j
having the property of chewing again what has been
swallowed. Raxj.
Ru 311-NAjNT, iu An animal that chews the cud. Ray.
KU'MI-NATE, V. i. [Fr. ruminer ; L. rumino.] 1. To chew
the cud ; to chew again wliat has been slightly chewed
and swallowed, 2. To muse 3 to meditate ; to think again
and again ; to ponder.
RU'Mi-.VATE, V t. 1. To chew over again. 2. To muse
on ; to meditate over and over again. Vryden.
Ku'MI-NA-TED, ^;j. Chewed again j mused on.
RU'MI-NA-TING, ppr. Chewing the cud ; musing.
RU-MI-Na'TION, II. [L. ru>ni?iatio.] 1. The act of chewing
the cud. 2. T!ie power or property of chewing the cud.
3. A musing or continued thinking on a subject} deliber-
ate meditation or reflection.
Ru'MI-NA-TOR, n. One that ruminates or muses on any
subject ; one that pauses to deliberate and consider.
RUMMAGE, n. A searching carefully by looking into
every corner and by tumbling over things.
RUM MAGE, V. t. [qu. li. riuior, or Fr. remuer.] To search
narrowly by looking into every corner and turning over or
removing goods or other things. Drydcn.
RUM MAGE, V. i. To search a place narrowly by looking
among things. Sidft.
RUM MAGEU, pp. Searched in every corner.
RUM'MA-GING, ppr. Searching in every corner.
fRUM'MER, n. [D. roemer.] A glass or drinking cup.
Ru'MOR, n. [L.J 1. Flying or popular report; a current
story passing from one person to another, without any
known authority for the truth of it. 2. Report of a
fact ; a story well authorized. 3. Fame 3 reported celeb-
rity.
Ru MOR, V. t. To report ; to tell or circulate a report.
RU'MORED, pp. Told among the people ; reported.
Ru'MOR-ER, 71. A reporter; a teller of news. Shak.
RU'MOR-ING, ppr. Reporting ; teUing news.
fRuMOR-OUS, a. Famous; notorious. Bale.
RUMP, n. [G. rumpf; Sw. rumpa ; Dan. rumpe, or rompe.]
1. The end of the back bone of an anunal with the parts
adjacent. 2. The buttocks.
RUMP'ER, n. One who favored the rump-parliament; one
who had been a member of it.
RUM'PLE, I', t. [D. roinpelen.] To wrinkle ; to make un-
even ; to form into irregular inequalities.
RUM PLE, n. A fold or plait. Drydcn.
RUM'PLE D, pp. Formed into irregular wrinkles or folds.
RUMP'LESS, a. Destitute of a tail. Lawrence.
RUM PLING, ppr. Making uneven.
RUN, V. i. ; pret. ran, 01 run ; pp. run. [Sax. rennan ; Goth.
rinnan ; D. rennen ; G. rennai, rinnen.] 1. To move or
pass in almost any manner, as on the feet or on wheels.
2. To move or pass on the feet with celerity or rapidity,
by leaps, or long, quick steps. 3. To use the legs in mov-
ing; to step. 4. To move in a hurry. 5. To proceed
along the surface ; to extend ; to spread. 6. To rush
with violence. 7. To move or pass on the water ; to sail.
8. To contend in a race. 9. To flee for escape. 10. To
depart privately ; to steal away. 11. To flow in any man-
ner, slowly or rapidly ; to move or pass ; as a fluid. 12.
To emit ; to let flow. 13. To be liquid or fluid. 14. To
be fusible; to melt. 15. To fuse ; to melt. 16. To turn.
17. To pass ; to proceed. 18. To flow, as words, lan-
guage or periods. 19. To pass, as time. 20. To have a
legal course ; to be attached to ; to have legal effect. 21 .
To have a course or direction. 22. To pass in thought,
speech or practice. 23. To be mentioned cursorily or in
few words. 24. To have a continued tenor or course.
25. To be in motion ; to speak incessantly. 26. To be
busied ; to dwell. 27. To be popularly known. 28. To
be received ; to have reception, success or continuance.
29. To proceed in succession. 30. To pass from one state
or condition to another. 31. To proceed in a train of con-
duct. 32. To be in force. 33. To be generally received.
34. To be carried ; to extend ; to rise. 35. To have a
track or course. 36. To extend ; to lie in continued
length. 37. To have a certain direction. 38. To pass in
an oibit of any figure. 39. To tend in growth or progress.
40. To grow exuberantly. 41. To discharge pus or other
matter. 42. To reach; to extend to the remembrance
of. 43. To continue in time, before it becomes due and
payable. 44. To continue in effiect, force or operation.
45. To press with numerous demands of payment. 46.
To pdss or fall into fault, vice or misfortune. 47. To foil
or pass by gradual changes ; to make a transition. 48. To
have a general tendency. 49. To proceed as on a ground
or principle ; [obs.] 50. To pass or proceed in conduct or
management. 51. To creep; to move by creeping or
crawlmg. 52. To slide. .53. To dart ; to shoot. 54. To
fly ; to move in the air. — 55. In Scripture, to pursue or
practice the duties of religion. — 56. In elections, to have
interest or favor ; to be supported by votes.
To run after. 1. To pursue or follow. 2. To search for ; to
endeavor to find or obtain. — To run at, to attack with the
horns, as a bull.— To run away, to flee; to escape.— To
run away icith. 1. To hurry without deliberation. 2. To
convey away ; or to assist in escape or elopement. — To
run in, to enter; to step in.— To run into, to enter.— To
run in trust, to run in debt ; to get credit ; [obs.]— To run
in with. 1. To close ; to comply ; to agree with ; [unusual.'l
2. To make towards; to near; to sail close to. — To run
down a coast, to sail along it. — To run on. 1. To be con-
tinued. 2. To talk incessantly. 3. To continue a course
4. To press with jokes or ridicule ; to abuse with sarcasms j
to bear hard on. — To run over, to overflow. — To run out.
1. To come to an end ; to expire. 2. To spread exuber-
antly. 3. To expatiate. 4. To be wasted or exhausted
5. To become poor by extravagance. — To run up,' to rise ,
to swell ; to amount.
RUN, V. t. 1. To drive or push ; in a general sense. 2. To
drive ; to force. 3. To cause to be driven. 4. To melt ;
to fuse. 5. To incur ; to encounter ; to run the risk or
hazard of losing one's property. 6. To venture ; to haz-
ard. 7. To smuggle ; to import or export without paying
the duties required by law. 8. To pursue in thought ; to
carry in contemplation. 9. To push; to thrust. 10. To
ascertain and mark by metes and bounds. 11. To cause
to ply ; to maintain in running or passing. 12. To cause
to pass. 13. To found ; to shape, form or make in a
mold ; to cast.
To run down. 1. In hunting, to chase to weariness. — 2. In
navigation, to run down a vessel, is to run against her, end
on, and sink her. 3. To crush ; to overthrow ; to over-
bear. — To run hard. 1. To press with jokes, sarcasm or
ridicule. 2. To urge or press importunately. — To run
over. 1. To r.ecount in a cursory manner ; to narrate hast-
ily. 2. To consider cursorily. 3. To pass the eye over
hastily. — To run out. 1. To thrust or push out ; to extend.
2. To waste; to exhaust. — To rim through, to expend;
to waste. — To run up. 1. To increase ; to enlarge by ad-
ditions. 2. To thrust up, as any thing long and slender.
RUN, 71. 1. The act of running. 2. Course ; motion. 3.
Flow. 4. Course ; process ; continued series. 5. Way ;
will ; uncontrolled course. 6. General reception ; con-
tinued success. 7. Modish or popular clamor. 8. A gen-
eral or uncommon pressure on a bank or treasury for pay-
ment of its notes. 9. The aftmost part of a ship's bottom.
10. The distance sailed by a ship. 11. A voyage ; also,
an agreement among sailors to work a passage from one
place to another. 12. A pair of mill-stones. 13. Preva-
lence. — 14. In America, a small stream ; a brook. — In the
long run [at the long run not so generally used] signi-
fies the whole process or course of things taken together ;
in the final result ; in the conclusion or end. — The run of
mankind, the generality of people.
RUN'A-GATE, 71. [Fr. runagat.] A fugitive ; an apostate ;
a rebel ; a vagabond. Sidney.
RL'^N'A-WAY, 71. [run and away.] One that flies from dan-
ger or restraint ; one that deserts lawful service ; a fugi-
tive. Shak.
t RUN-€a'TION, 71. [L. runcatio.] A weeding. Evelyn.
RUN'CI-NATE, a. [L. runcina, a saw.] In botany, a run-
cinate leaf is a sort of pinnatifid leaf, with the lobr^s con-
vex before and straight behind, like the teeth of a double
saw, as in the dandelion.
RUN'DLE, 71. [from round, G. rund.] 1. A round ; a step of
a ladder. Duppa. 2. Something put round an axis ; a
peritrochium.
RUND'LET, or RUN'LET, a. [fromround.] A small barrel
of no certain dimensions.
RuNE, 71. [See Runic] The Runic letter or character.
Temple.
Ru'NER, 7!, A bard or learned man among the ancient
Goths. [See Runic] Temple.
Ru NES, 71. piu. Gothic poetry or rhymes. Temple.
RUNG, pret, and pp. of ring.
RUNGJ 71. A floor-timber in a ship, whence the end is called
a rung-head. Mar. Diet.
Ru'NIC, a. [W. rhin ; Ir. run ; Goth, riina ; Sax. run,] An
epithet applied to the language and letters of the ancient
Goths.
fRUN^NEL, 72. A rivulet or small brook. Fairfax.
RUN'NER, n. 1. One that runs; that which runs. 2. A
racer. 3. A messenger. 4. A shooting sprig. 5. One of
the stones of a mill. 6. A bird. 7. A rope used to increase
the power of a tackle. 8. A support of a sleigh or sled.
RUN'NET, 7i. [D. runzel ; G. rumen ; fc»ax. geruimcu. It is
sometimes written rennet.] The concreted milk found m
the stomachs of calves or other sucking quadrupeds.
RUN'NING, ppr. I. Moving or going with rapidity ; flow-
ing. 2. a. Kept for the race. Law. 3. In succession ;
without any intervening day, year, &c. 4. Discharging
pus or other matter.
RUN'NING, 7). 1. The act of running, or passing with speed.
2. That which runs or flows. 3. The discharge of an ul-
cer or other sore.
RUN'NING-FlGHT, 72. A battle in which one party flees and
the other pursues, but the party fleeing keeps up the contest.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z } CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
RUS
71(J
RYO
fiUN'NING-RIG'GING, n. That part of a ship's rigging or
ropes which passes tlirough blocks, &c.
RUN'NIJN'G-Tl'TLE, n. In prmiing, the title of a book that
is continued from page to page on the upper margin.
ELTNN'ION, n. [Fr. romier.) A paltry, scurvy wretch.
EUNT, n. [D. rund.] Any animal small below the natural
or usual size of the species.
RU-PEE', n. [Pers.] A silver coin of the East Indies, of the
value of 2s. 4d. or 2s. 6d. sterling ; about 52 or 56 cents.
RUP'TION, n. [L. ruptio.] Breach ; a break or bursting
open. fVueman,
RUPT'UREj.n. [Fr. ; L. ruptus.] 1. The act of breaking or
bursting; the state of being broken or violently parted.
2. Hernia ; a prete,.Tiatural protrusion of the contents of
the abdomen. 3. Breach of peace or concord, either be-
tween individuals or nations , between nations, open
hostility or war.
RUPT'URE, V. t. To break ; to burst ; to part by violence.
RUPTURE, V. i. To suifer a breach or disruption.
RUPT'URED,;^;?. Broken; burst.
RUPT'URE-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus hcrniaria, and
another of the genus linum.
RVPT'VR-llSiG, ppr. Breaking; bursting.
RU'RAL, a. [Fr. ; L. ruralis.] Pertaining to the country,
as distinguished from a city or town ; suiting the country,
or resembling it. Sidneij.
RU'RAL-IST, n. One that leads a rural life. Coventry.
RO'RAL-LY, adv. As in the country. Wakefield.
RC'RAL-NESS, n. The quality of being rural. Dkt.
fRU-Rie'O-LIST, n. [L. ruricola.] An inhabitant of the
country. Diet.
tRU-RIG'EN-OUS, a. [L. rus.] Born in the country.
RUSE, n. [Fr.] Artifice ; trick ; stratagem ; wile ; fraud ;
deceit. [JSTot English.'] Ray.
RUSH, 71. [Sax. rics, or rise ; L. ruscus.'] I. A plant of the
genusj«wou6-, of many species. 2. Any thing proverbially
worthless or of trivial value.
RUSH, V. i. [Sax. reosan, hreosan, or rmsan ; Sw. rusa ; G.
rausehen ; "D. ruisehen.] 1. To move or drive forward witli
impetuosity, violence and tumultuous rapidity. 2. To
enter with undue eagerness, or without due deliberation
and preparation.
■f RUSH, V. t. To push forward with violence.
RUSH, n. A driving forward with eagerness and haste ; a
violent motion or course.
RUSH'-€AN-DLE, n. A small blinking taper made by
stripping a rush, except one smaU strip of the hark which
holds the pith together, and dipping it in tallow. John-
son.
RUSHED, a. Abounding with rushes. iVarton.
RUSH'ER, n. 1. One who ruslies forward. V/hitlock. 2.
One who formerly strewed rushes on the floor at dances.
RUSHI-NESS, n. The state of abounding with rushes.
RUSH'ING, jppr. Moving forward with impetuosity.
RUSH'ING, 71. A violent driving of any thing ; rapid or tu-
multuous course. Is. xvii.
RUSH'-LlGHT, n. 1. The light of a rush-candle; a small,
feeble light. 2. A rush-candle.
RUSH'-LiKE, a. Resembling a rush ; weak.
RUSH'Y, a. 1. Abounding with rushes, 2. Made of rushes.
RUSK,?;.. 1. A kind of light cake. 2. Hard bread for stores.
RUS'MA, n. A brown and light iron substance, with half
as much quicklime steeped in water, of which the Turkish
women make their psilothron to take oif their hair.
RUSS, (roos) a. [Sw. ryss.} Pertaining to the Russ or Rus-
sians.
RUSS, (roos) n. The language of the Russ or Russians.
RUS'SET, a. [Fr. rouz, rousse ; It. rosso ; Sp. roso, roxo ;
L. riissus.] ]. Of a reddish-brown color. 2. Coarse;
homespun ; rustic.
RUS'SET, n. A country dress. Dryden.
RUS'SET, ; 71. A kind of apple of a russet color and
RUS'SET-ING, \ rough skin.
RUS'SET-Y, a, Of a russet color.
RuS'SIAN, (ru'shan) a. Pertaining to Russia.
RUS'SIAN, (ru'shan) n. A native of Russia.
RUST, 71. [Sax. rust ; D. roest ; G., Sw. rest ; Dan. rust.]
1. The oxyd of a metal ; a substance composed of oxygen
combined with a metal, and forming a rough coat on its
' riurface. 2. Loss of power by inactivity, as metals lose
ilieir brightness and smoothness when not used. 3. Any
foul matter contracted. 4. Foul, extraneous matter. 5.
A disease in grain, a kind of dust which gathers on the
stalks and leaves.
RUST', V. i. [Sax. rustian ; W. rhyduA I. To contract
rust ; to be oxydized and contract a rougnness on the sur-
face. 2. To degenerate in idleness; to become dull by
inaction. 3. To gather dust or extraneous matter.
RUST, V. t. 1. To cause to contract rust. 2. To impair by
time and inactivity.
RUST'ED, pp. Affected with rust.
RUST'ie, ) a. [L. rustieus.] 1. Pertaining to the coun
RUST'I-€ AL, i try ; rural. 2. Rude ; unpolished ; rough ,
awkward. 3. Coarse ; plain ; simple. 4. Simple ; art-
less ; unadorned. — Rustic work, in a building, is when the
stones, &c. in the face of it, are hacked or pecked so as to
be rough.
RUST'I€, n. An inhabitant of the country ; a clown.
RUST'I-€AL-LY, adv. Rudely ; coarsely ; without refine-
ment or elegance. Dryden.
RUST'1-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being rustical ; rude
ness ; coarseness ; want of refinement.
RUST'I-€ATE, v. i. [L. rusticor.] To dwell or reside in the
country. Pope.
RUST'^-CATE, V. t. To compel to reside in the country ^
to banish from a town or college for a time.
RUST'I-CA-TED, pp. Compelled to reside in the country.
RUST'I-CA-TING, ppr. Compelling to reside in the coun-
try.
RUST-I-€a'TION, n. 1. Residence in the country.— 2. In
universities and colleges, the punishment of a student for
some offense, by compelling him to leave the institution
and reside for a time in the countrJ^
RUS-TIC'I-TY, n. [L. rusticitas ; Fr. rusticite.] The quail
ties of a countryman ; rustic manners ; rudeness ; coarse-
ness ; simplicity ; artlessness. Jiddison.
RUST'[-LY, adv. In a rusty state. Sidney.
RUST'I-NESS, n. [from rusty.] The state of being rusty
RUST'ING, ;)pr. Contracting rust ; causing to rust.
RUS'TLE, (rus'l) v. i. [Sax. hristlan^ G. rasscln ; Sw
rossla.] To make a quick succession of small sounds, like
the rubbing of silk cloth or dry leaves.
RUS'TLING, ppr. Making the sound of silk cloth when
rubbed.
RUS'TLING, n. A quick succession of small sounds, as a
brushing among dry leaves or straw.
RUST'Y, a. 1. Covered or aflfected with rust. 2. Dull,
impaired by inaction or neglect of use. 3. Surly ; mo
rose. 4. Covered with foul or extraneous matter.
RUT, 71. [Fr. rut ; Arm. rut.] The copulation of deer.
RUT, V. i. To lust, as deer.
RUT, 72. [It. rotaia; L. rota.] The track of a wheel.
RtJ'TA Ba'GA, 71. The Swedish turnep.
f RuTH, 71. [fromrwe.] I.Mercy; pity; tenderness; sorrow
for the misery of another. 2. Misery; sorrow.
RUTH'E-NUS, n. A fish of the genus accipenser.
t RtJTH'FUL, a. 1. Rueful ; woful ; sorrowful. 2. Merci-
ful.
t RuTH'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Woful ly ; sadly. Knolles. 2
Sorrowfully ; mournfully. Spenser.
RuTH'LESS, a. Cruel ; pitiless ; barbarous ; insensible to
the miseries of others. Pope.
RtiTH'LESS-LY, adu. Without pity; cruelly; barbarously
RuTH'LESS-NESS, n. Want of compassion ; insensibihty
to the distresses of others.
Ru'TIL, ) n. Sphene, an oxyd of titanium, of a dark-red
RtJ'TILE, \ color, or of a light or brownish-red.
RtJ'TI-LANT, a. [L. rutilans, rutilo.] Shining. Evelyn.
t RU'TI-LATE, u. z. [li. rutilo.] To shine ; to emit rays of
light. Ure.
fRUT'TER, n. [G. reiter ; D. ruiter.] A horseman or
trooper.
fRUT'TER-KIN, n. A word of contempt; an old, crafty
fox or beguiler.
fRUT'TIER, 71. [Fi. routier, from route.] Directioaof the
road or course at sea ; an old traveler acquainted with
roads ; an old soldier. Cotgrave.
RUT'TISH, a. [from rut.] Lustful ; libidinous. Shak
RUT'TLE, for rattle, not much used. Burnet.
RY'AL, n. A coin. See Rial.
R1?'DER, 71. A clause added to a bill in parliament.
R1?E, n. ^ [Sax. ryge ; D. rogge ; G. rocken ; Dan. roo-, or rug ,
Sw. rag, or rog ; W. rhyg.] 1. An esculent grain of the
genus secale, of a quality inferior to wheat. 2. A disease
in a hawk.
RYE'-GRASS, n. A species of strong grass, of the genus
hordeum. Encyc.
R^'OT, 71. In Hindostan, a renter of land by a lease.
* See &vnovsis. A, E, I, o, V, Y, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
SAC
717
SAC
s.
Sthe nineteenth letter of the English Alphabet, is a
J sibilant articulation, and number'^d among the semi-
vowels. It represents the hissing made by driving the
breath between the end of the tongue and the roof of the
mouth, just above the upper teeth. It has two uses j one
to express a mere hissing, as in sabbath, sack, sin, this,
tlius ; the other a vocal hissing, precisely lilie that of z, as
in muse, icise, pronounced muze, wize. It generally has
its hissing sound at the beginning of all proper English
words, but in the middle and end of words, its sound is
to be Isnown only by usage. In a few words, it is silent,
as in isle and viscount.
As ^numeral, S. denoted seven. — In books of navigation and
in common usage, S. stands for south ; S. E. for south-
east; S. W. for south-west; S. S. E. for south south-
east ; S. S. W. for south south-west, <fcc.
* SAB'A-OTH, n. [Heb. DINas armies.] Armies ; a woid
used, Rom. ix. 29, James v. 4, " the Lord of Sabaoth.^'
SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN, 71. [from sabbath.] One who observes
the seventh day of the week as the sabbath, instead of the
first. A sect of Baptists are called Sabbatarians.
SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AINI, a. Pertaining to those who keep Satur-
day, or the seventh day of the week, as the sabbath.
Mountagu.
SAB-BA-Ta'R1-AN-IsM, n. The tenets of Sabbatarians.
SAB'BATH, n. [Heb. DaB' rest; L. sabbatum.] 1. The day
which God appointed to be observed by the Jews as a day
of rest from all secular labor or employments, and to be
kept holy and consecrated to his service and worship. 2.
Intermission of pain or sorrow ; time of rest. 3. The
Sabbatical year among the Israelites. Lev. xxv.
SAB'BATH-BREaK-ER, n. [Sabbath and break.] One who
profanes the Sabbath by violating the laws of God or man,
which enjoin the religious observance of that day.
SAB'BATH-BREaK-ING, n. A piofanation of tlie sabbath
by violating the injunction of the fourth commandment,
or the municipal laws of a state which require the ob-
servance of that day as holy time.
SAB'BATH-LESS, a. Without intermission of labor.
Bacon.
SAB-BAT'I€, ) a. [Ft. sabbatique ; L. sabbaticus.] 1.
SAB-BAT'I-CAL, S Pertaining to the Sabbath. 2. Re-
sembling the Sabbath ; enjoying or bringing an intermis-
sion of labor. — Sabbatical year, in the Jewish economy,
was every seventh year, in which the Israelites were com-
manded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie
without tillage.
SAB'BA-TISM, n. Rest ; intermission of labor.
SABEAN, See Sabian.
SA'BE-ISM, n. The same as Sabianism. D^Anville.
SA-BELL'IAN, a. Pertaining to the heresy of Sabellius.
SA-BELL'IAN, n. A follower of Sabellius. Encyc.
SA-BELL'IAN-ISM, n. The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius.
Barrow.
Sa'BI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to Saba, in Arabia, celebrated
SA-Be'AN, \ for producing aromatic plants.
SA'BI-AN, a. [Heb. N3:f.] The Sabian worship or religion
consisted in the worship of the sun and other heavenly
bodies.
Sa'BI-AN, 71. A worshiper of the sun.
Sa'BI-AN-ISM, n. That species of idolatry which consisted
in worshiping the sun, moon and stars.
SAB'INE, n. A plant ; usually written savin, which see.
Sa'BLE, 71. [Russ. sobol ; G. zobel ; Sw., Dan., D. sab el ;
Fr. zibeline.] 1. A small animal of the weasel kind, the
mastela zibellina. 2. The fur of the sable.
Sa'BLE, a. [Fr.] Black; dark; used chiefly in poetry or
in heraldry.
SAB'LIkRE, (sab'leer) 7i. [Fr.] 1. A sand-pit ; [little used.]
2. In carpentry, a piece of timber as long, but not so thick
as a_beam.
SA-BoT', (sa-bo') n. [Fr. sabot ; Sp. zapato.] A wooden
shoe. [JVot English.] Bramhall.
Sa'BRE, ) n. [Fr. sabre] A sword or cimiter with a broad
Sa'BER, \ and heavy blade, thick at the back, and a lit-
tle falcated or hooked at the point; a falchion
Sa'BRE, v. t. To strike, cut or kill with a sabre.
SAB-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Sandiness ; grittiness.
SAB'U-LOUS, a. [It. sabuLosus.] Sandy; gritty.
SAC, n. [Sax. sac, saca, sace, or s icu.] In English law, the
privilege enjoyed by the lord of a manor, of holding
courts, trying causes and imposing fines.
SA€-€aDE', n. [Fr.] A sudden violent check of a horse
by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with
one pull.
SA€-€HA-RIF'ER-0US, a. [L. saccharum.] Producing
sugar. ^
SA€'eHAR-INE, a. [L. saccharum.] Pertaining to sugar ;
having the iiualities of eugar.
SA€-€HO-LA€'Tie, a. [1j. saccharum.] Aterminchemis
try, denoting an acid obtained from the sugar of milk
SA€'€HO-LATE, n. In chemistry, a salt formed by the
union of the saccholactic acid with a base.
SAC-ER-Do'TAL, a. [L. sacerdotalis.] Pertaining to
priests or the priesthood ; priestly. Stillingjieet.
SACH'EL, n. [L. sacculus.] A small sack or bag ; a bag in
which lawyers and children carry papers and books.
Sa'CHEM, n. In America, a chief among some of the na-
tive Indian tribes. See Sagamore.
SACK, 71. [Sax. scBC, sacc j D. zak, sek ; G. sack; Jr. S2C }
Arm. sach ; Fr. sac] J. A bag, usually a large cloth bag,
used for holding ana conveying com, small wares, wool,
cotton, hops, and the like. 2. The measure of three
bushels. Johnson.
SA€K, n. [Fr. sec, seche.] A species of sweet wine,
brought chiefly from the Canary isles- Fr. Diet.
SACK, n. [L. sagum.] Among cur rude ancestors, a kind
of cloak of a square form, worn over the shoulders and
body, and fastened in front by a clasp or thorn.
SACK,'?;, t. To put in a sack or in bags. Betterton.
SACK, V. t. [Arm. sacqa ; Ir. sacham; Sp., Port. saqucar,\
To plunder or pillage, as a town or city.
SACK, V. The pillage or plunder of a town or city ; or the
storm and plunder of a town.
SACK'AGE, n. The act of taking by storm and pillaging.
SACK'BUT, n. [Sp. sacabuche ; Port, sacabuxa, or saque-
buxo ; Fr. saquebute.] A wind instrument of music; a
kind of tnmipet, so contrived that it can be lengthened or
shortened according to the tone required.
SACK'CLOTH, 71. [sack and cloth.] Cloth of which sacks
are made ; coarse cloth.
SACK'CLoTHED, a. Clothed in sackcloth. Hall.
SACKED, pp. Pillaged ; stormed and plundered.
SACK'ER, n. One that takes a towD or plunders it.
SACK'FUL, n. A full sack or bag. b'oift.
SACK'ING, ppr. Taking by assault aiul plundering.
SACK'ING, 71. The act of taking by storm and pillaging.
SACK'ING, 71. [Sax. scBccing.] 1. Cloth ot which sacks or
bags are made. 2. The coarse cloth or canvas fastened to
a bedstead for supporting the bed.
SACK'LESS, a. [Sax. sacleas.] duiet ; peaceable ; no!
quarrelsome ; harmless ; innocent. [Local.]
SACK-POS'SET, 71. [sack and posset.] A posset made of
sack, milk and some other ingredients. Swift.
SAC'RA-MENT, 71. [Fr. sacrement ; It., Sp. sacramento ,
L. sacramentum.] 1. Among ancient Christian writers, a
mystery ; [obs.] 2. An oath ; a ceremony producing an
obligation ; [obs.] 3. In present usage, a solemn religious
ceremony enjoined by Christ to be observed by his fol-
lowers. 4. The eucharist or Lord's supper.
t SAC'RA-MENT, v. t. To bind by an oath. Laud.
SAC-RA-MENT'AL, a. Constituting a sacrament, or per-
taining to it.
SAC-RA-MENT'AL, n. That which relates to a sacrament
SAC-RA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a sac-
rament. Hail.
SAC-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, n. One that differs from the
Romish church in regard to the sacraments, or to the
Lord's supper.
SAC-RA-MENT'A-RY, 71. 1. An ancient book of the
Romish church, containing the prayers and ceremonies
made use of in the celebration of the sacraments. 2. A
saciamentarian.
SAC-RA-^MENT'A-RY, I a. Pertaining to sacramentari-
SAC-R A-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, ] ans and to their controversy
respecting the eucharist.
f Sa'CRATE, v. t. [L. sacro.] To consecrate ; to dedicate,
Waterhouse.
Sa'CRE. See Saker.
Sa'CRED, a. [¥t. sacre j Sp., It., Port, sacro; Ij. sac er.'\
1. Holy ; pertaining to God or to his worship; separated'
from common secular uses and consecrated to God and his
service. 2. Proceeding from God and containing religious
precepts. 3. Narrating or writing facts respecting God
and holy things. 4. Relating to religion or the worship
of God ; used for religion's purposes. 5. Coiisecratea •
dedicated; devoted; with io. 6. Entitled to reverence:
venerable 7. Inviolable, ss if appropriated to a superior
being.
♦ See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, Dd) VE ;— BULL. UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ^ S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, r Cbsolete
SAD
718
SAG
SA'€JRED-L^, adv. 1. Religiously; with due reverence as
of something holy or consecrated to God. 2. Inviolably ;
strictly.
Sa'€RED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being sacred, or conse-
crated to God, to his worship or to religious uses ; holi-
ness ; sanctity. 2. Inviolableness.
SA-eRlP'l€, ) a. FL. sacrificus.] Employed in sacri-
SA-€RIF'I-€AL, \ fice. Johnson.
tSA€RIF'I-€A-BLE, a. Capable of being offered in
sacrifice. Brown.
SA-t;RIF'I-€ANT, n. [L. sacrijicans.] One that offers a
sacrifice. Hallywell.
t SA€-RI-FI-€a'TOR, n. [Ft. sacrificateur.] A sacrificer;
one that offers a sacrifice. Brown.
SA-€RlF'I-eA-TO-RY, a. Offering sacrifice. Sherwood.
SA€'RI-FJCE, (sak're-fize) v. t. [L. sacrifico ; Fr. sacrifier ;
Sp. sacnfocar ; It. sacrificare.] 1. To ofter to God in hom-
age or worship, by killing ana consuming, as victims on
an -(.tar J to immolate. 2. To destroy, surrender or suffer
to be lost for the sake of obtaining something 3. To de-
vote with loss. 4. To destroy 5 to kill.
SA€'RI-FlCE, (sak're-fIze) v. i. To make offerings to God
by the slaughter and burning of victims. Ex. iii.
SA€'RI-FICE, (sak're-fize) n. [Fr.3 L. sacrificium.] 1, An
offering made to God by killing and burning some animal
upon an altar. — A sacrifice differs from an oblation ; the
latter being an offering of a thing entire or without
change, as tithes or first fruits; whereas sacrifice implies
a destruction or killing, as of a beast. 2. The thing offer-
ed to God, or immolated by an act of religion. 3. De-
struction, surrender or loss made or incurred for gaining
some object, or for obliging another. 4. Any thing de-
stroyed .
SA€'RI-FlCED, (sak're-f Izd) pp. Offered to God upon an
altar ; destroyed, surrendered, or suffered to be lost.
SAC'RI-Fl-CER, (sak're-fi-zer) n. One that sacrifices or
immolates. Dryden.
SAe-RI-Fl"CIAL, (sak-re-fish'al) a. Performing sacrifice ;
included in sacrifice ; consisting in sacrifice. Shak.
SAC'RI-LEGE, 71. [Fr. ; L. sacrilegium.] The crime of
violating or profanmg sacred things ; or the alienating to
laymen or to common purposes what has been appropria-
ted or consecrated to religious persons or uses.
SA€-RI-Le'GIOUS, (sak-re-le'jus) a. [L. sacHlegus.] 1.
Violating sacred things ; polluted with the crime of sac-
rilege. 2. Containing sacrilege.
SA€-RI-Le>6I0US-LY, o.dv. With sacrilege j in violation
of sacred_things.
SAC-RI-LE'GIOUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being sac-
rilegious. 2. Disprisition to sacrilege.
SAC'RI-LE-GIST. n. One who is guilty of sacrilege.
fSA'CRING, ;?;>'■. [from Fr. sac?-er.] Consecrating.
Sa'€RING-BELL, n. A bell rung before the host.
Sa 'CRIST, 71. A sacristan ; a person retained in a cathe-
dral to copy out music for the choir, and take care of the
books.
SAC'RIS-TAN, n. [Fr. sacristain ; It. sacristano ; Sp.
sacristan.'^ An officer of the church who has the care of
the utensils or movables of the church. It is now cor-
rupted into sexton.
SAC'RIS-TY, n. [Fr. sacristie ; Sp., It. sacristia.] An
apartment in a church where the sacred utensils are kept ;
now called the vestry.
t SAC'RO-SANCT, a. [L. sacrosanctus.] Sacred ; inviola-
ble. More.
BAD, a. [In W. 6'ttrf signifies wise, prudent, sober.] 1. Sor-
•tjwful ; affected with grief; cast down with affliction.
2. Habitually melancholy ; gloomy ; not gay or cheerful,
3. Downcast; gloomy; having the external appearance
of sorrow. 4. Serious ; grave ; not gay, light or volatile.
5. Aflaictive ; calamitous ; causing sorrow. 6. Dark-col-
ored ; [obs.] 7. Bad; vexatious; [colloquial.] Addison.
8. Heavy; weighty; ponderous; [obs.'] 9. Close; firm;
cohesive ; opposed to lifrht or friable ; [obs.]
SAD'DEN, (sad'n) v. t. 1. To make sad or sorrowful ; also,
to make melancholy or gloomy. 2. To make dark-color-
ed ; [o6sJ 3. To make heavy, firm or cohesive ; [obs.]
SAD'DENED, pp. Made sad or gloomy.
SAD'DEN-ING, ppr. Making sad or gloomy.
SAD'DLE, (sad'l) n. [Sax. sadel, sadl ; D. zadel ; G. sattel.]
I. A seat to be placed on a horse's back for the rider to sit
on — '2. Among seamen, a cleat or block of wood nailed on
the lower yard arms to retain the studding-sail-booms in
their place.
SAD'DLE, V. t. 1. Tc put a saddle on. 2. To load ; to fix a
burden on.
SAD'DLE-BACKED, a. Having a low bagk and an eleva-
ted neck and head, as a horse. Far. Diet.
SAD'DLE-BoW, n: [Sax. sadl-boga.] The bows o*" a sad-
dle, or the pieces which form the front.
SAD'DLE-MaK-ER, orSAD'DLER, n. One whose occu-
pation is to make saddles.
SAD-DU-Ce'AN, a. Pertaining to the Sadducees, a sect
among the ancient Jews. Acts xxiii.
SAD'pU-CISM, 71. The tenets of the Sadducees. More.
SAD'iR-ON, (sad'i-urn) n. An instrument used to smooth
clothes after washing ; a flat-iron. [Little used.]
SAD'LY, adv. 1. Sorrowfully ; mournfully. Dryden. 2. In
a calamitous or miserable' manner. 3. In a dark color;
[obs.] '
SAD'NESS, 71. 1. Sorrowfulness ; mournfulness ; dejection
of mind. 2. A melancholy look ; gloom of countenance
3. Seriousness ; sedate gravity.
SAFE, a. [Fr. sauf, sauce ; L. salvus.] 1. Free from dan-
ger of any kind. 2. Free from hurt, injury or damage
3. Conferring safety ; securing from harm, 4. Not expo-
sing to danger, r-hil. iii. 5, No longer dangerous ; placed
beyond the power of doing harm.
SAFE, n. A place of safety ; a place for securing provisions
from noxious animals,
t SAFE, v. t. To render safe. Shak.
SAFE-CON'DJCT, n. [safe and conduct; Fr. sauf-con-
duit.] That which gives a safe passage, either a convoy
or guard to protect a person in an enemy's country or in
a foreign country, or a writing, a pass or warrant of secu-
rity given to a person by the sovereign of a country to
enable him to travel with safety.
SaFE'GUARD, n. 1. He or that which defends or protects ;
defense ; protection. 2. A convoy or guard to protect a
traveler. 3. A passport ; a warrant of security given by
a sovereign to protect a stranger within his territories. 4.
An outer petticoat to save women's clothes on horseback
SaFE'GUARD, v. t. To guard ; to protect. [Little used.]
SAFE-KEEP'ING,7?. [safe and keep ] The act of keeping
or preserving in safety from '.niury or from escape.
SaFE'LY, adv. 1. In a safe uianner; without incurring
danger. 2. Without injury . 3. Without escape ; in close
custody.
SaFE'NESS, n. 1. Freedom from danger. 2. The state of
being safe, or of conferring safety.
SaFE'TY, n. Freedom from danger or hazard, 2. Exemp-
tion from hurt, injury or loss. 3. Preservation from es-
cape ; close custody. 4. Preservation from hurt.
SaFE'TY-LAMP, n. An invention of Sir Humphrey Davy,
to prevent explosions in mines. The light is placed with-
in a network of fine wire, through which the combusti-
ble gasses pass slowly and are consumed without explo-
sion.
SaFE'TY-VALVE, n. A valve by means of whicli a
boiler is preserved from bursting by the force of steam.
SAF'FLoW, I n. The plant bastard saffron, of the
SAF'FLOW-ER, \ genus carthamus.
SAF'FLOW-ER, n. A deep-red fecula separated from
orange-colored flowers.
*SAF'FRON, n. [W. safrwn, safyr ; Fr. safran ; Arm.
zafron ; G., Sw,, Dan, saffran.] 1. A plant of the genus
crocus. — 2. In materia medica, saffron is formed of the
stigmata of the crocus officinalis, dried on a kiln and
pressed into cakes,
*SAF'FRON, a. Having the color of saffron flowers; yel
low. Dryden.
* SAF'FRON, V. t. To tinge with saffron ; to make yellow ,
to gild. Chaucer.
SAF'FRON-Y, a. Having the color of saffron. Lord.
SAG,7), i, [a different spelling of swag.] 1, To yield; to
give way ; to lean or incline from an upright position, or
to bend from a horizontal position. — 2. In sailing, to in-
cline to the leeward ; to make lee way. Mar. Diet.
SAG, V. t. To cause to bend or give way ; to load or burden.
SA-Ga'CIOUS, a. [L, sagax ; Fr. sage, sagesse ; Sp. saga,
sagaz ; It. saggio.] 1. Quick of scent. 2. duick of
thought ; acute in discernment or penetration.
SA-Ga'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With quick scent, 2, With
quick discernment or penetration,
SA-Ga'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1, The quality of being sagacious;
quickness of scent. 2, Q,uickness or acuteness of dis-
cernment.
SA-GAC'I-TY, 71, [Fr. sagacite; L. sagacitas.] 1. Quirk
ness or acuteness of scent ; applied to animals. 2, Quick
ness or acuteness of discernment or penetration ; readiness
of apprehension.
SAG'A-MORE, n. Among some tribes of American Indians,
a king or chief,
SAG'A-PEN, I n. In pharmacy, a gum-resin, brought
SAG-A-Pe'NUM, \ from Persia and the East.
SAG'A-THY, n. A kind of serge ; a slight woolen stuff,
SAGE, 71. [Fr, sauge ; Ar, saoch.] A plant of the genus
salvia, of several species,
SAGE, a. [Fr, sage ; It. saggio.] 1 Wise ; having nice
discernment and powers of judging ; prudent ; grave. 2,
Wise ; judicious ; proceeding from wisdom ; well judged ;
well adapted to the purpose,
SAGE, 71. A wise roan ; a man of gravity and wisdom ;
particularly, a man venerable for years, and known as a
man of sound judgment and prudence ; a grave philoso-
pher.
SaGE'LY, adv. Wisely , with just discernment and pm-
dence.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, V, Y C^ro-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
SAI
739
SAL
!8A-(jENE', ». A Russian measure of about seven English
feet.
Sa6E'NESS, 71. Wisdom ; sagacity ; prudence ; gravity.
SA6'EN-ITE, n. Acicular rutile. Ure.
SA6'IN-ATE, V. t. To pamper ; to fatten. Cocker am.
* SA(j'IT-TAL, a. [L. sagittalis.] Pertaining to an arrow ;
resembling an arrow. — In anatomy, the sagittal suture is
the suture which unites the parietal bones of the skull.
SA6-IT-Ta'RI-US, n. [L. an archer.] One of the twelve
signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters Nov. 22.
SAG'IT-TA-RY, n. A centaur, an animal half man, half
horse, armed with a bow and quiver. Shak.
SA(j'IT-TA-RY, a. Belonging to an arrow ; proper for an
arrow.
SA6'IT-TATE, a. In botany, shaped like the head of an
arrow ; triangular, hollowed at the base.
Sa'GO, n. A dry, mealy substance or granulated paste,
imported from Java and the Philippine and Molucca isles.
SA-GOIW, n. The sagoins form a division of the genus simia.
Sa'GY, a. Full of sage ; seasoned with sage.
SAH'LITE, n. A mineral named from the mountain SaJila.
Sa'I€, 71. A Turkish or Grecian vessel. Ma?-. Diet.
SAID, (sed) pret. and pp. of say ; so written for sayed. 1.
Declared ; uttered ; reported. 2. Aforesaid ; before men-
_tioned.
Sail, n. [Sax., G., Sw. segel ; Dan. sejl ; D. zeil.] 1. In
navigation, a spread of canvas, or sheet which receives
the impulse of wind by which a ship is driven.— 2. In
poetry, wings. Spenser. 3. A ship or other vessel ; used
in the singular for a single ship, or as a collective name for
many. — To loose sails, to unfurl them. — To make sail, to
extend an additional quantity of sail. — To set sail, to ex-
pand or spread the sails ; and hence, to begin a voyage. —
To shorten sail, to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a
part. — To strike sail. 1. To lower the sails suddenly. 2.
To abate show or pomp ; [colloquial.] Shak.
RaIL, v.i. 1. To be 'mpelled or driven forward by the ac-
tion of wind upon sails, as a ship on water. 2. To be
conveyed in a vessel on water ; to pass by water. 3. To
swim. 4. To set sail ; to begin a voyage. 5. To be car-
ried in the air, as a balloon. 6. To pass smoothly along.
7. To fly without striking with the wings.
SAIL, V. t. 1. To pass or move upon in a ship, by means of
sails. 2. To fly through. Pope.
SaIL'A-BLE, a. Navigable ; that may be passed by ships.
SaTL'-BCRNE, a. Borne or conveyed by sails. J. Barlow.
SaIL'-BROAD, a. Spreading like a sail. Milton.
Sailed, pp'. Passed in ships or other water-craft.
SaIL'ER, n. 1. One that sails ; a seaman ; usually, sailor.
2. A ship or other vessel, with reference to her manner of
jailing.
SaIL'ING, ppr. Moving on water or in air; passing in a
ship or other vessel.
SaIL'ING, n. 1. The act of moving on water ; or the move-
ment of a ship or vessel impelled by the action of wind on
her sails. 2. Movement through the air, as in a balloon.
3. The act of setting sail or beginning a voyage.
SaIL'-LOFT, n. A loft or apartment where sails are cut
out andjnade.
SaIL'-MaK-ER, 71. 1. One whose occupation is to make
sails. 2. An officer on board ships of war, whose business
is to repair or alter sails.
SaIL'-MaK-ING, 71. The art or business of making sails.
SaIL'OR, 71. [a more common spelling tlmn sailer.] A mar-
iner ; a seaman ; one who follows the business of naviga-
ting ships or other vessels.
SaIL'Y, a. Like a sail. Drayton.
SaIL'-YARD, n. [Sax. segl-gyrd.] The yard or spar on
which sails are extended. Dry den.
SAIM, 71. [Sax. seim ; W. saim.] Lard. [Local.]
I SAIN, for sayen, pp. of say. Shak.
SaIN'FOIN, ) 71. [Fr. sainfoin.] A plant cultivated for
SaINT'FOIN, \ fodder.
SaINT, 71. [Fr. ; L. sanctus ,• It., Sp. santo.] 1. A person
sanctified ; a holy or godly person ; one emment for piety
and virtue. 2. One of the blessed in heaven. Reo. xviii.
3. The holy angels are called sai?its. Jude 14. 4. One
canonized by the church of Rome. Encyc.
SaINT, v. t. To number or enroll among saints by an offi-
cial act of the pope ; to canonize.
SAINT, V. i. To act with asbow of piety. Pope.
SaINT^ED, pp. 1. Canonized ; enrolled among the saints.
2. a. Holy ; pious. 3. Sacred. Milton.
S^INT'ESS, n. A female saint. Fisher.
SAINT JOHN'S BREAD, n. A plant.
SaTNT JOHN'S W6RT, n. A plant.
SaINT'LiI^E, a. [saint and like.] 1. Resembling a saint.
2. Suiting a saint ; becoming a saint. Dryden.
SAINT'LY, a. Like a saint ; becoming a holy person.
SAINT PE-TER'S Wort, 71. A plant.
SAINT'S' BELL, n. A small bell rung in churches.
SAINT'-SEEM-ING, a. Eavmg the appearance of a saint.
Mountagu.
SAINT'SHIP, n. The character or qualities of a saint.
SA-JeNE', n. [written, also, sagene.] A Russian measure
of length, equal to seven feet English measure.
SAKE, n. [Sax. sac, saca ; D. laak ; G. sache ; Sw. saX
and orsak ; Dan. sag.] 1. Final cause ; end ; purpose ; or
rather the purpose of obtaining. 2. Account ; regard to
any person or thing.
Sa'KER, n. [Fr. sacre.] 1. A hawk ; a species of falcon.
2. A piece of artillery. Hudibras.
SAK'ER-ET, n. The male of the saker-hawk.
SAL, 71. Salt ; a word much used in chemistry.
SA'LA-BLE, a. [from sale.] That may be sold • that finds
a readv market ; being in good demand.
SA'LA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being salable.
Sa'LA-BLY, adv. In a salable manner.
SA-LA'CIOUS, a. [L. salax.] Lustful , lefJherous.
SA-LA'CIOUS-LY, adv. Lustfully ; with eager anunal ap-
petite.
SA-L A'CIOUS-NESS, ) n. Lust ; lecherousness ; strong pro-
SA-LAC'I-TY, \ pensity to venery.
SAL'AD, 71. [Fr. salade ; D. salaade ; G., Sw. salat ; Dan
salad.] Raw herbs, usually dressed with salt, vinegar
oil or spices, and eaten for giving a relish to other food.
SAL'AD-ING, 71. Vegetables for salads. Cheyne.
SAL A-LEM'BROTH, 71. A compound muriate of mercury
and ammonia. Ure.
t SA-LAM', n. [Oriental, peace or safety.] A salutation or
compliment of ceremony or respect. Herbert.
SAL'A-MAN-DER, n. [L., Gr. salamandra.] An animal of
the genus lacerta, or lizard, one of the smaller species of
the genus. The vulgar story of its being able to endure
fire, is a mistake. — Salamander''s hair or wool, a name
given to a species of asbestos or mineral flax .
SAL-A-MAN'DRiNE, a. Pertaining to or resembling a sal-
amander ; enduring fire.
SAL AM-Mo'NI-Ae, 71. Muriate of ammonia. Ure.
SAL'A-RIED, a. Enjoying a salary.
SAL'A-RY, 71. [Fr. salaire ; It., Sp. salario ; L. sulaHum.]
The recompense or consideration stipulated to be paid to
a person for services, usually a fixed sum to be paid by
the year.
SALE, n. [W. sal ; Sax. sal.] 1. The act of selling ; the
exchange of a commodity for money of equivalent value.
2. Vent; power of selling ; market. 3. Auction; public
sale to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market ,
[I. u.] 4. State of being venal, or of being oSeied. to
bribery. 5. [qu. Sax. scelan.] A wicker basket.
SALE, a. Sold ; bought ; as opposed to homemade. [Collo-
quial.]
SAL-E-BROS'I-TY, n. [See Salebrous.] Roughness or
ruggedness of a place or road. Feltham.
SAL'E-BROUS, a. [L. salebrosv^.] Rough ; rugged ; un-
even. [Little used.]
SAL'EP, 7!. [said to be a Turkish word ; written, also, Sa-
lop, saloop and saleb.] In materia medica, the dried root
of a species of orchis ; also, a preparation of this root to be
used as food.
SaLES'MAN, 71. [sale and man.] 1. One that sells clothes
ready made. Swift. 2. One who makes sales to custom-
ers in a store or shop.
SA'LET. See Sallet
SaLE'WoRK, n. Work or things made for sale ; hence,
work carelessly done. Shak.
SAL'I€, «. [The origin of this word is not ascertained.]
The Salic law of France is a fundamental law, by virtue
of which males only can inherit the throne.
*SA'LI-EjN1T, a. [L. saliens.] ]. Leaping; an epithet in
heraldry, applied to a lion or other beast, represented in 8
leaping posture. — 2. In /o?-t(^catto7t, projecting ; as a sali-
ent angle.
* SA'LI-ENT, a. [L. saliens.] 1. Leaping ; moving by leaps ,
as frogs. 2. Beating ; throbbing ; as the heart. 3. Shoot-
ing out or up ; springing ; darting
SA-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sal and fere] Producing or beai
ing salt. Eaton.
SAL'I-FI-A-BLE, a. Capable of becoming a salt, or of com
bin ing with an acid to form a neutral salt.
SAL-I-PI-CA'TION, 71. The act of salifying.
SAL'I-FlED, pp. Formed into a neutral salt by combination
with an acid.
SAL'I-FY, V. t. [L. sal and facio.] To form into a neutral
salt, by combining an acid with an aUiali, earth or
metal. _
SAL'I-Fy-ING, ppr. Forming into a salt by combination
with an acid.
SAL'I-GOT, 71. [Fr.] A plant, the water-thistle.
SAL-I-Na'TION, 7i. [Ij. sal, salinator.] Theact of washing
with salt-water. Oreenhill.
*SA-LlNE', la. [Fr. salin.] 1. Consisthig of salt.or con-
SA-LI'NOUS. \ stituting salt. 2. Partaking of the quali-
ties of salt.
*SA-LlNE', 71. [Sp., It. salina ; Fr. saline ] A salr spring,
or a place where salt-water is collected in the esrth.
SAL-I-N1F'ER-0US, a. [Ij. sal, salinum , and fero.] Pro-
ducing salt.
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in chis t Obsolete
SAL
720
SAL
SA-LIN'I-FORM, ff. [L. sal j salinumy and form.] Having
the form of salt.
SA-Ll'NO-TER'RENE, a. [L. saly salinum and terrenus.]
Denoting a compound of salt and earth.
SAL'ITE, V. t. [L. salio.] To salt; to impregnate or season
with salt. [Little used.}
SA-LI'VA, 1 n. [L. saliva.l The fluid which is secreted by
SAL'IVE, \ the salivary glands, and which serves to
moisten the mouth and tongue.
*^SA-Ll'VAL, )a. [from saliva.'] Pertaining to saliva ; se-
SAL'I-VA-RY, \ creiing or conveving salivj*.
SAL'l-VATS, V. t. [itom saliva i Fr. saliver.] To excite
an unusual secretion and discharge of saliva m a person,
usually by mercury ; to produce ptyalism in a person.
SAL'1-VA-TED, pp. Having an increased secretion of saliva
from medicine.
SAL'I-VA-TING, ppr. Exciting increased secretion of
saliva.
SAL-I-Va'TION, n. The act or process of promoting ptya-
lism, or of producing an increased secretion of saliva, for
the cure of disease.
HA-Ll'VOUS, a. Pertaining to saliva; partaking of the
nature of saliva. Wiseman.
KAL'LET, n. [Fr. salade.] A head-piece or helmet.
S AT 'T Tt^T i
. SAL'LET-ING, \ "• [corrupted from salad.]
SAL'Ll-ANCE^ n. [from sally.] An issuing forth.
SAL'LoW, n. [Sax. salh, salig ; Ir. sail ; Fr. saule.] A
tree of the willow kind, or genus salix.
SAL'LoW, a. [Sax. salowig, sealwe.] Having a yellowish
color j of a pale, sickly color, tinged with a dark yellow.
SAL'^OW-NESS, «. A yellowish color; paleness tinged
with a dark yellow.
SAL'LY, 71. [Fr. saillie ; It. salita ; Sp. salida.] 1. An
issue or rushing of troops from a besieged place to attack
the besiegers. 2. A spring or dartii;g of intellect, fancy
or imagination ; flight; sprightly exertion. 3. Excursion
from the usual track ; range. 4. Act of levity or extrava-
gance ; wild gayety ; frolick.
SAL'LY, V. i. [Fr. saillir ; Arm. sailha ; It. salire ; Sp. sa-
lir ; L. salio.] 1. To issue or rush out, as a body of troops
from a fortified place to attack besiegers. 2. To issue
suddenly ; to make a sudden eruption.
SAL'LY-ING, j)pr. Issuing or rushing out.
SAL'LY-PoRT, 71. 1. In fortification, a postern gate, or a
passage under ground from the inner to the outer works,
such as from the higher flank to the lower, or to the te-
nailles, or to the communication from the middle of the
curtain to the ravelin. 2. A large port on each quarter of
a fire-ship for the escape of the men into boats when the
train is fired.
SAL-MA-GUN'DI, n. [Sp. salpicon, corrupted. See Salpi-
coN.] A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring
with oil, vinegar, pepper and onions. Johnson.
SAL'MI-A€, n. A contraction of sal ammoniac.
SALM'oN, (sam'niun) n. [L. salmo ; Fr. saumon.] A fish
of the genus salmo.
SALM'oN-TROUT, (sam'mun-trout) n. A species of trout
resembling the salmon in color. Walton.
SA-LOON', m. [It. salone ; Sp., Fr. salon.] In architecture.
a lofty, spacious hall, vaultea at the top, and usually
comprehenciing two stories, with two ranges of windows.
SA-LOOP', ) ^,„c„„„
Sa'LOP. 'jSeeSALEP.
SAL'PI-€ON, 71. [Sp.] Stuffing ; farce ; chopped meat or
bread, <fcc., used to stufi" legs of veal ; called, also, salma-
gundi.
jSAL-SA-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. [1,. salsamentarius.] Per-
taining to salt things. Diet.
SAiySI-FY, 71. [Fr. salsifis.] Goai's-beard, a plant,
SAL-SO-AC'ID, a. [L. salsus and acidus.j Having a taste
compounded of saltness and acidness. [Little used.]
SAL-StJ'Gl-NOUS, a. [L. salsugo.] Saltish.
SALT, 7i. [Sax. salt, sealt ; Gotb ., Sw., Dan. salt ; G. salz ;
it. sale : Fr. sel ; L., Sp., Port, sal.] I. Common salt is
the muriate of soda, a substance used for seasoning cer-
tain kinds of food, and for the preservation of meat, &c. —
2. In chemistry, a body compounded of an acid united to
some base. 3. Taste ; sapor; smack. 4. Wit; poignan-
cy ; as, Attic salt.
SALT, a. 1. Having the taste of salt; impregnated with
salt. 2. Abounding with salt. 3. Overflowed with salt-
water, or impregnated with it. 4. Growing on salt marsh
or meadows and having the taste of salt. 5. Producing
salt-water. 6. Lecherous ; salacious.
SALT, 71. 1. The part of a river near the sea, where the
water is salt. 2. A vessel for holding salt.
SALT, V. t. ]. To sprinkle, impregnate or season with
sail. 2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks,
as a ship, for the preservation of the timber.
SALT, V. i. To deposit salt from a saline substance.
\ SALT, 71. [Fr. saut.] A leap ; the act of jumping.
SALT'ANT, a [L. saltans.] Leaping ; dancing.
SAL-Ta'TION, 7t. yL. saltatio.] 1. A leaping or jumpicg
2. Beating or palpitation.
SALT'€AT, 71. A lump or heap of salt, made at the salt-
works, which attracts pigeons.
SALT'-CEL-LAR, 71. [salt and cellar.] A small vessel used
for holding salt on the table. Swift.
SALT'ED, pp. Sprinkled, seasoned or impregiated with
■ salt.
SALT'ER, n. 1. One who salts ; one who gives or applies
salt. 2. One that sells salt.
SALT'ERN, n. A salt-work ; a building in which salt is
made by boiling or evaporation. Encyc.
SALT'IER, n. [Fr. sautoir.] In heraldry, one of the honor-
able ordinaries, in the form of St. Andrew's cross.
tSALT'IN-BAN-€0,7i. [Yx. saltimbanque.] Amouiitebank ;
a quack. Broion.
SALT'ING, ppr. Sprinkling or seasoning with salt.
SAlT'ING, n. The act of sprinkling or impregnating with
salt.
SALT'ISH, a. Somewhat salt.
SALT'ISri-LY, adv. With a moderate degree of saltness.
SALT'ISH-NESS, n. A moderate degree of saltness.
SALT'LESS, a. Destitute of salt; insipid.
SALT'LY_, adv. With taste of salt ; in a salt manner.
sAliT'-MiNE, n. A mine where fossil salt is obtained.
SALTINESS, 71. 1. The quality of being impregnated witiJ
salt. 2. Taste of salt.
SALT'-PAN, or SALT'-PIT, n. A pan, basin or pit where
salt is obtained or made. Bacon.
SALT-Pk'TRE, \ n. [salt, and Gr. nergos.] A neutral salt
SAlT-Pe'TER, \ formed by the nitric acid in combina-
tion with potash, and hence denominated nitrate of
potash. _
SALT-Pe'TROUS, a. Pertaining to saltpetre, or partaking
of its qualities ; impregnated with saltpetre.
SALT-RHEuM', n. Herpes ; an affection of the skin.
SALTS, n. The salt water of rivers entering from the
ocean. S. Carolina.
SALT'-WA TER, n. Water impregnated with salt ; sea-
water. '"
SALT'- WORK, 71. A house or place where salt is made.
SALT'-WoRT, 71. A plant ; jointed glasswort.
t SALT'Y, a. Somewhat salt. Cotgrave.
SA-LU'BRI-OUS, a. [L. saluher, salubris.] Favorable co
health ; healthful ; promoting health.
SA-LU'BRI-OUS-LY, adv. So as to promote health.
SA-Lu'BRI-TY, 71. [L. salubritas.] Wholesomeness
hcalthfulness ; favorableness to the preservation of health
SAL'U-TA-RI-NESS, n. 1. Wholesomeness ; the quality
of contributing to health or safety. 2. The quality of pro
moting good or prosperity.
SAL'U-TA-RY, a. [Fr. salutaire ; L. salutaris.] 1. Whole-
some ; healthful ; promoting health. 2. Promotive of
public safety ; contributing to some beneficial purpose.
SAL-U-Ta'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. salutatio.] The act of salut-
ing ; a greeting ; the act of paying respect or reverence
by the customary words or actions.
SA-Lu'TA-TO-RY, a. Greeting ; containing salutations.
An epithet applied to the oration which introduces the exer-
cises of commencement in American colleges.
t SA-LO'TA-TO-RY, n. [Low L. salutatorium.] Place of
greeting.
SA-LtJTE', V. t. [L. saluto ; It. salutare ; Sp. saludar ; Fi
saluer.] 1. To greet ; to hail ; to address with expressions
of kind wishes. 2. To please ; to gratify ; [w/mswaZ.] 3.
To kiss. — 4. In military and naval affairs, to honor some
person or nation by a discharge of cannon or small arms,
by striking colors, by shouts, &c.
SA-LtJTE', n. 1. The act of expressing kind wishes or re-
spect ; salutation ; greeting. 2. A kiss. — 3. In military
affairs, a discharge of cannon or small arms in honor of
some distinguished personage. — 4. In the navy, a testimo-
ny of respect or deference rendered by ships, which is
performed by a discharge of cannon, &c.
SA-TaVTiBB, pp. Hailed; greeted.
SA-LuT'ER, 71. One who salutes.
SAL-U-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. salutifer.] Bringing health ;
healthy. Dennis.
SALV-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of being saved or ad-
mitted to everlasting life. Saunderson.
SALVA-BLE, a. [L. salvvs.] That may be saved, or re-
ceived to everlasting happiness.
SALVAGE, n. [Fr. salvage.] In commerce, a reward or
recompense allowed by law for the saving of a ship or
goods from loss at sea.
t SALVAGE, for savage. See Savage.
SAL-Va'TION, 71. [It. salvazione ; Sp. salvacion.] 1. The
act of saving ; preservation from destruction, danger or
great calamity. — 2. Appropriately, in theology, the re.
demption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to
eternal death, and the conferring on him everlasting hap-
piness. 3. Deliverance from enemies ; victory. Ex. xiv
4. Remission of sins, or saving graces. Lulce xix. 5. The
* See Synopsis.
A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, hng.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j-
1[ Obsolete
SAN
721
SAN
Author of man's salvation. Ps. xxvii. 6. A term ol
or benediction. Rev. xiXf
SALV'A-TO-RY, ?t. [Fr. salvatoire.] A place where things
are preserved ; a repository. Hale.
* SALVE (salv, or s'siv) 7i. [Sax. sealfe ; from L. salvus.]
1. A g'.uiinous composition or substance to be applied to
wounds or sores. 2. Help ; remedy.
*SALViC, (salv, or sav) v. t. 1. To heal by applications or
medicaments ; [I. u.] 2. To help ; to remedy ; [/. u.] 3.
To help or remedy by a salvo, excuse or reservation ; [I.
u] 4. To salute j [obs.]
SAL VER, n A piece of plate with a foot ; or a plate on
which any thing is presented. Pope.
f SAL-VIF'I€, a. [L. salvus and facia.] Tending to save or
secure safety. Ck. Relig. Appeal.
SAL'VO, n. [L. salvo jure.] An exception ; a reservation j
an excuse. K. Charles.
SALVOR, n. One who saves a ship or goods at sea.
SA-MAR'1-TAN, a. 1. Pertaining to Samaria. 2. Denot-
ing the ancient characters and alphabet used by the He-
brews.
BA-MAR'I-TAN, n. 1. An inhabitant of Samaria, or one
that belonged to the sect which derived their appellation
fiom that city. 2. The language of Samaria, a dialect of
the Chaldean.
SAxM'BO, n. The offspring of a black person and a mu-
latto.
SAME, a. [Sax. same ; Goth, sama, same ; Dan. samme ;
Sw. samme.] 1. Identical ; not different or other. 2. Of
the identical kind or species, though not the specific thing.
3. That was mentioned before. Daniel. 4. Equal; ex-
actly similar.
t SAME, ado. [Sax. sam.] Together. Spenser.
SaME'NESS, n. 1. Identity; the state of being not differ-
ent or other. 2. Near resemblance ; correspondence ;
similarity,
Sa'MI-AN EARTH, n. [Gr. Samos.] The name of a marl
of two species, used in medicine as an astringent.
Sa'MI-EL, or SI-MOOM', n. [Ar.] A hot and destructive
wind that sometimes blows in Arabia.
t SAM'ITE, n. [Old Fr.] A species of silk stuff.
SAM'LET, n. A little salmon. Walton.
SAMP, 71. A species of food composed of maize broken or
bruised, boiled and mixed with milk. JVew England.
SAMP'ANE, n. A kind of vessel used by the Chinese.
SAM'PHIRE, n. [said to be a corruption of Saint Pierre.]
A plant of the genus crithmum.
SAM'PLE, n. [L. exemplum ; Sp., Port, exemplo ; It. esem-
pio ; Fr. ezemple ; Ir. somplar.] 1. A specimen ; a part of
any thing presented for inspection, or intended to be
shown, as evidence of the quality of the whole. 2. Ex-
ample ; instance.
SAM'PLE, V, t. To show something similar. Ainsworth.
SAMTLER, n. [L. exemplar.] A pattern of work ; a speci-
men ; particularly, a piece of needle-work by young giris
for improvement.
SAM'SON'S-PoST, n. In sJdps, a notched post used instead
of a ladder ; also, a piece of timber that forms a return for
a tackle-fall.
SAN'A-BLE, a. [L. sanabilis.] That may be healed or
cured ; susceptible of remedy. More.
t SA-Na'TION, n. [L. sanatio.] The act of healing or
curing. Wiseman.
SAN'A-TiVE, a. [L. sano, to heal.] Having the power to
cure or heal ; healing ; tending to heal.
SAN'A-TlVE-NESS, n. The power of healing.
SANCE'-BELL, n. A corruption of saint'5-SeZ?, which see.
t SAN€'TI-FI-€ATE, v. t. To sanctify. Barrow.
SAN€-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; Low L. sanctificatio.] 1.
The act of making holy. 2. The act of consecrating or of
setting apart for a sacred purpose ; consecration.
SANC'TI-FiED, pv. 1. Made holy ; consecrated ; set apart
for sacred services. 2. Affectedly holy.
SAN€'TI-Fi-ER, n. He that sanctifies or makes holy.
SAN€'TI-FY, v. t. [Fr. sanctifier ; It. santificare ; Sp. san-
tificar ; Low L sanctijico.] 1. In a general sense, to
cleanse, purify or make holy. 2. To separate, set apart
or appoint to a holy, sacred or religious use. 3. To puri-
fy ; to prepare for divine service, and for partaking of
holy things. Ex. xix. 4. To separate, ordain and appoint
to the work of redemption and the government of the
church. John x. 5. To cleanse from corruption ; to purify
from sin. 6. To make the means of holiness ; to render
productive of holiness or piety. 7. To make free from
^^iiilt. 8. To secure from violation.
SAN€'TI-FY-ING, ppr. 1. Making holy ; purifying from
the defilements of sin ; separating to a holy use. 2. a.
Tending to sanctify ; adapted to increase holiness.
SAN€-TI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. [L. sanctimonia.] Saintly ; hav-
ing the appearance of sanctity.
SAN€-TI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With sanctimony.
SANC-TI-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. State of being sanctimo-
nious ; sanctity, or the appearance of it ; devoutness.
SANC'TI-MO-NY, 71. [L. sanctimonia.] Holiness ; devout-
ness ; scrupulous austerity ; sanctity, or the appearance
of it. [Little used.] Raletgh.
SA:\C'TlOi\, 71. [Fr. ; L. sanctio.] 1. Ratification ; an
ofliicial act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives
valid)ty to the act of some other person or body. 2. Au-
thority ; confirmation derived from testimony, character,
influence or custom. 3. A law or decree ; luu^ruper.]
JJenham.
SANC'l'ION, V. t. To ratify ; to confirm ; to give validity
or authority to. Burke.
SANCTIONED, pp. Ratified; confirmed; authorized.
SAN€'TION-ING, ppr. Ratifying ; authorizing.
SAN€'TI-TUDE, n. [L. sanctus, sanctitudo.] Holiness ;
sacredness. Milton.
SANCiTI-TY, 71. [Li. sanctitas.] 1. Holiness; state of being
sacred or holy. 2. Goodness ; purity ; godliness. 3. ba-
credness ; solemnity. 4. A saint or holy being ; [un-
usual.]
t SANCT'U-A-RlZE, v. t. [from sanctuary ] To shelter by
means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. 'Shak.
SANCTCJ-A-RY, n. [Fi. sanctuaire ; It.. 8p. santuario ;
L. sanctuarium.] 1. A sacred place ; particularly, among
the Israelites, the most retired part of the temple at Jeru-
salem, called the Holy of Holies. 2. The temple at Je-
rusalem. 3. A house consecrated to the worship of God ;
a place where divine service is performed. — 4. In Catholic
churches, that part of a church where the altar is placed,
encompassed with a balustrade. 5. A place of protec
tion ; a sacred asylum. 6. Shelter ; protection.
SAND, n. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan. saiid ; B. zand.J 1. Any
mass or collection of fine particles of stone, particularly of
fine particles of silicious stone, but not strictly reduced to
pTJWder or dust. — 2. Sands, in the plural, tracts of land
consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Af-
rica.
SAND, V. t. 1. To sprinkle with sand. 2. To drive upon
the sand.
SAN'DAL, 71. [Fr. sandale ; It. sandalo ; Sp. sandalia ; L.
sandalium.] 1. A kind of shoe, consisting of a sole fas-
tened to the foot. Pope. 2. A shoe or slipper worn by the
pope and other Romish prelates when they officiate.
SAN'DAL, SAN'DAL- WOOD, or SAN'DERS, n. [Ar.]
A kind of wood which grows in the East-Indies and has
a bitter taste and an aromatic smell.
SAN'DA-RA€, ) n. [L. sandaraca.] 1. A resin in white
SAN'DA-RA€H, ) tears, more transparent than those of
mastic ; obtained from the juniper. 2. A native fossil ;
also, a combination of arsenic and sulphur ; orpiment.
SAND'-BAG, n. A bag filled with sand, used in fortifi-
cation.
SAND'-BATH, n. A bath made by warm sand, with which
something is enveloped.
SAND'-BLlND, a. Having a defect of sight, by means of
which small particles appear to fly before the eyes.
SAND'-BOX, 71. 1. A box with a perforated top or cover,
for sprinkling paper with sand. 2. A tree or plant.
SAND'ED, pp. 1. Sprinkled with sand. 2. a. Covered
with sand ; barren. 3. Marked with small spots ; varie-
gated with spots ; speckled ; of a sandy color. 4. Short-
sighted.
SAND'-EEL, n. The ammodyte, a fish.
SANDER-LING, n. A bird of the plover kind.
SAN'DERS. See Sandal.
SAN'DE-VER, or SAN'DI-VER, n. [Fr. sain de verre, oi
saint de verre.] Glass-gall ; a whitish salt which is cast
up from the materials of glass in fusion.
SAND'-FLooD, n. A vast body of sand moving or borne
along the deserts of Arabia. Bruce.
SAND'-HeAT, n. The heat of warm sand, in chemical op
erations.
SAND'I-NESS, n. [from sandy.] I. The state of bemg
sandy. 2. The state of being of a sandy color.
SAND'ISH, a. [from sand.] Approaching the nature of
sand ; loose ; not compact. Evelyn.
SAND'IX, n. A kind of minium or red lead, mr.de of ce-
ruse, but inferior to the true minium. Encyc,
SAND'Pl-PER, n. A bird of the genus tringa.
SAND'STONE, n. A stone composed chiefly of grains of
quartz united by a cement, calcarious, marly, argillaceous
or silicious.
SAND'-WoRT, 71. A plant.
SAND'Y, a. [Sax. sandig.] 1. Abounding with sand ; full
of sand ; covered or sprinkled with sand. 2. Consisting
of sand ; not firm or solid. 3. Of the color of sand ; of a
yellowish-red color.
SANE, a. [L. sanus ; I), gezond ; G. gesund.] 1. Gound ;
not disordered or shattered ; healthy. 2. Sound ; not
disordered ; having the regular exercise of reason and
other faculties of the mind.
SANG, pret. of sing. , ^
SANG FROID, (sang froa) n. [Fi. ; cold blood.] 1. Cool-
ness ; freedom from agitation or excitement of mind 2
Indifference.
SAN'GI-AC, n. A Turkish governor of a province.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J -, S as Z ; CH .-us SH ; TH as in tAw t Obsolete
46
SAP
72Q
SAR
SAN-GUIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sanguifer.] Conveying blood.
The sanguifermis vessels are the arteries and veins.
SAN-GUI-FI-€a'TION, ?t. [Fr.] In the animal economy,
the production of blood ; the conversion of chyle into
blood. Arhithnot.
SAN'GUI-Fl-ER, n. A producer of blood. Plover.
SAN-GUIF'LU-OUS, a. [L. sanguis and^ao.J Floating or
running v^ith blood .
SAN'GUI-FY, v.i. To produce blood . Hale.
SAN GUI-F-y-ING, ppr. Producing blood.
SAJV'GUIN-A-RY, a. [Fr. sanguinaire : L. sanguinarius.]
1. Bloody ; attended with much bloodshed ; murderous.
2. Blood-thirsty ; cruel ; eager to shed blood.
SAN'GUIN-A-RY, n. A plant. Ainsioorth.
SAJX'GUlNE, ) a. [Fr. saiia-uin ; L. sanguineus.} 1. Red ;
RAN'GUIN, \ having the color of blood. Milton^ 2.
Abounding with blood ; plethoric. 3. Warm ; ardent. 4.
Confident.
t SANGUINE, 71. Blood color. Spenser.
SAN'GUiNE, V. t. 1. To stain with blood. 2. To stain or
varnish with a blood color.
SAN GUiNE-LESS, a. Destitute of blood ; pale. [Z..M.]
SAN GUlNE-LY, adv. Ardently ; with confidence of suc-
AN'GUINE-NESS, n. 1. Redness ; color of blood in the
skin. 2. Fullness of blood ; plethora. 3. Ardor ; heat
of temper; confidence.
SAN-GUIN'E-OUS, a. [L. sanguineus.] 1. Aboundmg
with blood ; plethoric. 2. Constituting blood.
f SAN-GTJIN'I-TY, for sanguineness. Sioift.
SANGUI-SUGE, 7i. [1,. sanguisuga.} The blood-sucker;
a leech, or horse-leech. Encyc.
SAN'HE-DRIM, 7!. [Low 1: synedrium.] The great council
of seventy elders among the Jews, whose jurisdiction ex-
tended to all important affairs.
SAN'I-€LE, 7!. [from L. sano.l Self-heal, a plant.
SA-NID'T-UM, 7!. A genus of fossils. Encyc.
Sa'NI-ES, 71. [L.] A thin acrid discharge from wounds or
sores ; a serous matter, less thick and white than pus.
Sa'NI-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its
nature and appearance ; thin ; serous. 2. Runnmg a thin
serous matter.
SAN'I-TY, 71. [L. sanitas.] Soundness; particularly, a
sound state of mind ; the state of a mind in the perfect
exercise of reason.
SANK, pret. of sink, but nearly obsolete.
SAN'NAH, n. The name of certain kinds of India muslins.
SANS, prep. [Fr.] Without. Shak.
SAN'SCRIT, n. [According to H. T. Colebrooke, Sanscrit
signifies the polished dialect. It is sometimes written
Shanscrit-I The ancient language of Hindostan, from
which are formed all the modern languages or dialects of
the great peninsula of India.
SAN'TER. See Saunter.
SANT'ON, 71. A Turkish priest ; a kind of dervis.
SAP, 71. [Sax. sa;p ; D. zap ; G. saft.] 1. The juice of plants
of any kind, which flows chiefly between the wood and
the bark. 2. The alburnum of a tree; the exterior part
of the wood, next to the bark ; [a sense in general use in
J\rew England.']
SAP, v.t. \Fx. saper ; It. zappare ; Arm. sappa.] 1. To
undermine ; to subvert by digging or wearing away ; to
mine. 2. To undermine ; to subvert by removing the
foundation of.
SAP, V. i. To proceed by mining, or by secretly under-
mining.
SAP, n. In sieges, a trench for undermining; or an ap-
proach made to a fortified place by digging or under cover.
SAP'A-JO, n. A division of the genus simia.
SAP'-C6L-OR, 71. An expressed vegetable juice. Parke.
SAPH'IRE. See Sapphire.
SAP'ID, a. [L. sapidas.] Tasteful ; tastable ; having the
power of affecting the organs of taste.
SA-PID'I-TY, } n. Taste ; tastefulness ; savor; the quality
SAP ID-NESS, \ of affecting the organs of taste.
Sa'PI-ENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. sapientia.] Wisdom ; sageness ;
_knowledge. Swift.
Sa'PI-ENT, a. \Vise ; sage ; discerning. M2ton.
SA-PI-EN'TIAL, a. Affording wisdom or instructions for
wisdom. \_JVot much used.] Bp. Richardson.
SAP'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of sap. 2. Dry; old; husky.
SAP'LING, 74. [from sap.] A young tree. ^Milton
SAP-0-NaICEOUS, a. [from L. sa;?o.] Soapy; resembling
soap ; having the qualities of soap.
SAP'0-NA-RY, a. Saponaceous.
SA-PON-I-FI-Ca^TION, n. Conversion into soap.
SA-PON'I-FY, v. t. [L. sapo and facio.] To convert into
soap by combination with an alkali.
SAP'0-NULE, 7!. A combination of volatile or essential oil
_with some base.
Sa'POR, n. [L.] Taste ; savor ; relish ; the power of af-
fecting the organs of taste. Brown.
SAP-0-RIF'I€, a. [Yr. saporifique.] Having the power to
produce taste ; producing taste. Johnson.
SAP-O-ROS'I-TY, n. The quality of body by which it ex-
cites the sensation of taste.
Sa'PO-ROUS, a. Having taste; yielding some kind of
taste. Bailey.
SA-PO'TA, 71 In botany, a tree or plant.
SAP-PA-DIL'LO-TREE, or SAP-A-DIL'LO-TREE, ii A
tree of the genus sloanea. Lee.
SAP'PARE, 71. A mineral or species of earth.
SAPPED, pp. Undermined ; suoverted.
SAP'PER, n. One who saps. — In an army, sappers and
miners are employed in working at saps.
SAP'PHIC, (saf'ik) a. Pertaining to Sappho, a Grecian poet
ess ; as, Sapphic odes.
* SAP'PHIRE, (saf 'f ire, or saf 'fer) n. [L. sapphirus.] A
species of silicious gems or minerals, of several varieties.
SAP'PHIR-INE, a. Resembling sapphire ; made of sap-
phire ; having the qualities of sapphire.
SAP'PI-NESS, n. [from sappy.] The state or quality of
being full of sap ; succulence ; juiciness.
SAP'PY, a. [Sax. scepig.] 1. Abounding with sap ; juicy ,
succulent. 2. Young ; not firm ; weak. 3. Weak iu
intellect.
t SAP'PY, a. [qu. Gr. ffjyTru.] Musty ; tainted.
SAR'A-BAND, n. [Sp. zarabanda; Port., It. sarabanda;
Fr. sarabande.] A dance and a tune used in Spain.
SAR-A-CEN'I€, \a. I. Pertaining to the Saracens, in-
SAR-A-CEN'I-€AL, ] habitants of Arabia ; so called from
sara, a desert. 2. Denoting the architecture of the Sara-
cens, the modem Gothic.
SAR'A-GOY, n. The opossum of the Molucca isles,
SAR'A-SIN, or SAR'RA-SINE, n. 1. A plant, a kind of
birth-wort. 2. A portcullis or herse.
SaR'CASM, 71. [L. sarcasmus.] A keen, reproachful ex-
pression ; a satirical remark or expression, uttered with
some degree of scorn or contempt ; a taunt ; a gibe.
SAR-€AS'TI€, \ a. Bitterly satirical ; scornfully se-
SAR-€AS'TI-CAL, S vere ; taunting.
SAR-CAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a sarcastic manner; with
scornful satire. South,
SARCE'NET,?*. [qu. saracenicum.] A species of fine, thin,
woven silk. Dryden.
t SaR'CLE, v. t. [Fr. sarcler ^ L. sarculo.] To weed corn.
Ainsworth.
SXR'€0-CELE, n. [Gr. cag^ and KnKri.] A spurious rup-
ture or hernia, in which the testicle is swelled or indu-
rated.
SAR'€0-€OL, ) n. [Gr. capl and KoWa.] A semi-trans-
SaR-CO-€OL'LA, ) parent solid substance, imported from
Arabia and Persia in grains of a light-yellow or red color
SAR'CO-LITE, 71. [flesh-stone.] A substance of a vitreous
nature, found near Vesuvius.
SAR-CO-LOG'I-CAE, a. Pertaining to sarcology.
SAR-€0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. aap^ and '\oyo?.] That part o"
anatomy which treats of the soft parts of the body.
SAR-€o'MA, 7i. [Gr. from (^ap^.] Any fleshy excrescent
on an animal body. Encyc.
SAR-COPH'A-GOUS, a. [See Sarcophagus.] Feedin-g on
flesh ; flesh-eating. Diet.
SAR-€OPH'A-GUS, n. [L.] 1. A species of stone used
among the Greeks in their sculptures, which was so called
because it consumed the flesh of bodies deposited in it
within a few weeks. 2. A stone coffin or grave in which
the ancients deposited bodies which they chose not t®
bum.
SAR-COPH'A-6Y, n. The practice of eating flesh. Brown.
SAR-eOT'I€, a. [Gr. o-ap|.] In sur^eri/, producing or gen-
erating flesh.
SAR-COT'IC, n. A medicine or application which promote*
the growth of flesh ; an incarnative.
t SAR-€U-La'TION, n. [L. sarculus.] The act of weed-
ing ; plucking up weeds. Diet.
SAR'DA-CHATE, n. The clouded and spotted agate, of a
pale flesh color.
SAR'DAN, n. A fish resembling the herring.
SARDE, or SAR'DOIN, n. A mineral, a variety of car-
nelian.
SAR'DEL, \
SAR'DINE, > n. [L. sardius. \ A precious stone.
SXR'DI-US, )
SAR-Do'NI-AN, ) a. Sardonian, or sardonic laughter, a
SAR-DON'IC, \ convulsive involuntary laughter, so
called from the herba sardonia, a species of ranunculus,
which is said to produce such convulsive motions in the
cheeks and lips as are observed during a fit of laughter.
SAR-DON'IC, a. Denoting a kind of linen made at Colcliis.
* SaR'DO-NYX, 71. [L. sardomjches, from Gr. capoovv^,
from Sardis.] A silicious stone or gem, nearly allied to
carnelian.
SAR'GUS, 71. A fish of the Mediterranean.
t SARK, n. [Sax. syrc] 1. In Scotland, a shirt. 2. A
shark.
SAR'LAC, 71. The grunting ox of Tartary.
I
See Synopsis. A E, r, O, U, "?, long.—F^R, FALL, WHAT — PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete.
SAT
723
SAU
SAR-Ma'TIAN, I a. Pertaining to Sarmatia and its inliab-
SAR-MATI€, i itants.
SAR-MENT'OUS, a. [L. sarmentosus.'] A sarmentous stem,
in botany, is one that is filiform and almost naked.
SARN, 11. A British word for pavement or stepping-stones.
SA-R0N'1€, a. Denoting a gulf of Greece between Attica
and Sparta. D\inville.
SAR'PLAR, n. A sarplar of wool is a sack containing 80
tod ; a tod contains two stone of 14 pounds each.
SAR'FLI-ER, 71. [Fr. serpilli^e.] Canvass, or a packing-
cloth. Baileij.
SAR'SA, ) n. A plant, a species of smilax,
SaR-SA-PA-RIULA, \ valued in medicine.
SARSE, n. [qu- sarcenet, or Fr. sas.] A fine sieve ; usu-
ally written searce, or searse. [Little used.]
SARSE, V. t. To sift through a sarse. [Little used.]
SART, n. A piece of woodland turned into arable.
SAR-To'RI-US, n. [L. sartor.] The muscle which serves
to throw one leg across the other, called the tailor's
muscle.
SASFI, n. [Ar.] 1. A beU worn for ornament. 2. The
frame of a window in which the lights or panes of glass
are set.
SASH'OON, 78. A kind of leather stufiing put into a boot
for the wearer's ease. Ainsworth.
SAS'SA-FRAS, n. [L. sazifraga.] A tree of the genus
laurus, whose bark has an aromatic smell and taste.
SASSE, n. [D. sas.] A sluice, canal or lock on a navigable
river ; a word found in old British statutes. Todd.
SAS'SO-LIN, ) n. Native boracic acid, found in saline in-
SAS'SO-LINE, \ crustations on the borders of hot springs
near Sasso.
SAS'SO-ROL, I n. A species of pigeon, called rock-
SAS^O-ROL'LA, ] pigeon. Diet. J\'at. Hist.
SAS'TRA, n. Among the Hindoos, a sacred book.
SAT, pret. of sit.
Sa'TAN, 71. [Heb. ; an adversary.] The grand adversary
of man ; the devil, or prince of darkness ; the chief of the
fallen angels.
SA-TAN'1€, ) a. Having the qualities of Satan ; resem-
SA-TAN'I-€AL, ) bling Satan ; extremely malicious or
wicked ; devilish ; infernal.
SA-TAN'I-CAL-LY, adv. With the wicked and malicious
jpirit of Satan i diabolically. Hammond.
Sa'TAN-ISM, n. The evil and malicious disposition of Sa-
^an ; a diabolical spirit.
Sa'TAN-IST, n. A very wicked person. [Little itsed.]
SATCH'EL, n. [See Sachel.] A little sack or bag.
SATE, V. t. [L. satio ; It. saziare.] To satiate ; to satisfy
appetite •, to glut; to feed beyond natural desire.
SaT'ED, pp. Filled ; glutted 3 satiated.
SaTE'LESS, a. Insatiable ; not capable of being satis-
fied.
SAT'EL-LlTE, n. [Fr., It. satellite; 1.. satelles.] 1. A
secondary planet or moon ; a small planet revolving round
another. 2. A follower ; an obsequious attendant or de-
pendent.
SAT-EL-Ll"TIOUS, a. Consisting of satellites. Cheyne.
SATIATE, (sa'shate) v.t. [L. satiatus.] 1. To fill; to
satisfy appetite or desire ; to feed to the full, or to furnish
enjoyment to the extent of desire. 2. To fill to the extent
of want. 3. To glut ; to till beyond natural desire. 4.
To gratify desire to the utmost. 5. To saturate.
Sa'TIATE, a. Filled to satiety ; glutted. Pope.
SA-TI-A'TION, n. The state of being filled. Whitaker.
* SA-Tl'E-TY, n. [Fr. saticte ; I^.satietas.] Properly, full-
ness of gratification, either of the appetite or any sensual
desire ; but it usually implies fuliness beyond desire ; an
excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or
loathing ; state of being glutted.
SAT'IN, n, [Fr. satin; W.sidan.] A species of glossy silk
cloth, of a thick, close texture.
SAT-I-NET', 71. 1. A thin species of satin. 2. A particu-
lar kind of woolen cloth.
SAT'IN-FLOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus lunaria.
SAT'IN-SPAR, n. A mineral, fibrous limestone.
* SAT'lRE, 71. [Fr. satire ; Sp., L. satira.] 1. A discourse
or poem in which wickedness or folly is exposed with
severity. 2. Severity of remark.
SA-TlR'i€, I a. [L. satiricus ; Fr. satirique.] 1. Be-
SA-TlR'I-€AL, ) longing to satire ; conveying satire. 2.
Censorious ; severe in language.
SA-TlR'I-€AL-LY, adv. With severity of remark ; with
invectives ; with intention to censure.
SAT'IR-IST, 71. One who writes satire. Granville.
SAT'IR-iZE, V. t. [Fr. satiriser.] To censure with keen-
ness or sevexity. Swift.
SAT'IR-rZED, pp. Severely censured.
SAT'IR-TZ-ING, ppr. Censuring with severity.
SAT-IS-F ACTION, 71. [Fr. ; L. satisfactio.] 1. That state
of the mind which results from the full gratification of
desire ; repose of mind or contentment with present pos-
session and enjoyment. 2. The act of pleasing or gratify-
ing. 3. Repose of the mind on the certainty of any
thing ; that state which results from relief from suspense,
doubt or uncertainty: conviction. 4. Gratification; thai
which pleases. 5. That which satisfies ; amends ; rec-
ompense ; compensation ; indemnification ; atonement.
6. Payment ; discharge.
SAT-IS-F ACTIVE, a. Giving satisfaction. \L.u.] Brown.
SAT-IS-FACTO-RI-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to give sat-
isfaction or content. 2. In a manner to impress convic-
tion or belief.
SAT-1S-FA€ TO-EI-NESS, 71. The power of satisfying or
giving content. Boyle.
SAT-IS-F A€'TO-RY, a. [Fr. satisfactoire ; Sp. satisfac-
torio.] 1. Giving or producing satisfaction ; yielding ecu-
tent ; relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty and
enabling it to rest with confidence. 2 Making amends,
indemnification or recompense ; causing to cease from
claims and to rest content ; atoning.
SAT'IS-FiED,pp. Having the desires fully gratified; made
content.
SAT'IS-Fl-ER, 72. One that gives satisfaction.
SAT'IS-FY, v.t. [1,. satisfacio ; Fr. satisfaire.] 1. To
gratify wants, wishes or desires to the full extent ; to
supply possession or enjoyment till no more is desired.
2. To supply fully what is necessary and demanded by
natural laws. 3. To pay to content ; to recompense or
indemnify to the full extent of claims. 4. To appease by
punishment. 5. To free from doubt, suspense or uncer-
tainty ; to cause the mind to rest in confidence by ascer-
taining the truth. 6. To convince. 7. To pay ; to dis-
charge.
SAT'IS-FY, V. i. 1. To give content. 2. To feed or sup-
ply to the full. 3. To make payment.
SAT'IS-FY'-ING, ppr. Giving content; feeding or supply-
ing to the full extent of desire ; convincing ; paying.
Sa'TIVE, a. [L. sativus.] Sown in gardens.
SAT'RAP, 7J. In Persia, an aAmixal; more generally, XhQ
governor of a province. Encyc.
SAT'RA-PAL, a. Pertaining to a satrap or a satrapy.
SATRA-PESS, 7!. A female satrap. J\litford.
SAT'RA-PY, n. The government of a satrap.
SAT'U-Rx\-BLE, a. That may be saturated ; capable of sat-
uration. Oreio.
SAT'U-RANT, a. [L. saturans.] Saturating ; impregnat-
ing to the full.
SAT'U-RANT, 71. In medicine, a substance which neutral
izes the acid in the stomach; an absorbent.
SAT'U-RATE, v. t. [L. saturo.] 1. To impregnate or
unite with, till no more can be received. 2. To supply
or fill to fullness.
SAT'U-RA-TED, pp. Supplied to fullness.
SAT'U-RA-TING, ppr. Supplying to fullness.
SAT-U-Ra'TION, n. In a general sense, a filling or sup-
ply to fullness. — In chemistry, solution continued till the
solvent can contain no more.
SAT'UR-DAY, n. [Sax. Smter-daeg ; D. Saturdag ; Saturn's
day.] The last day of the week; the day next preceding
the Sabbath.
SA-Tu'RI-TY, 71. [L. saturitas.] Fullness of supply; the
state of being saturated. [Little used.]
* SAT'URN, '71. [L. Saturnus.] 1. In mythology, one of
the oldest and principal deities. — 2. In astronomy, one
of the planets of the solar system, less in magnitude than
Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. — 3. In the old
chemistry, an appellation given to lead. — 4. In heraldry,
the black color in blazoning the arms of sovereign princes.
SAT-UR-Na'LI-AN, a. [from L. Saturnalia.] 1. Per-
taining to the festivals celebrated in honor of Saturn. 2
Loose ; dissolute ; sportive.
SA-TURN'I-AN, a. In fabulous history, pertaining to Sat-
urn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom
of his government, is called the golden age ; hence, gold
en ; happy ; distinguished for purity, integrity and sim-
plicity.
SAT'UR-NlNE, a. [Fr. saturnien, from L. Saturnus.] 1.
Supposed to be under the influence of Saturn. 2. Dull,
heavy ; grave ; not readily susceptible of excitement
phlegmatic.
SAT URN-IST, n. A person of a dull, grave, gloomy tem-
perament. Browne.
SAT'URN-ITE, n. A metallic substance.
*Sa'TYR, 7!. [ij. satijrus ; Gr. carvpog.] In mythology, a
sylvan deity or demi-god.
SAT-Y-RTA-SIS, 71. [Gr.caTvpiaaii.] Immoderate venere
al appetite. Coze.
SA-TYR'I-ON, 71. A plant. Pope.
SAUCE, 71. [Fr. sauze, or sausse.] 1. A mixture or compo-
sition to be eaten with food for improving its relish. — 2.
In JVew England, culinary vegetables and roots eaten
with flesh.— To serve one the same sauce, is to retaliate
one injury with another ; [vulgar.]
SAUCE, V. t. 1. To accompany meat with somethmg to
■give it a higher relish. 2. To gratify with rich tastes
3. To intermix or accompany with any thing good, or,
' See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolett
SAV
724
SAY
tronically, with any thing bad. 4. To treat with bitter,
pert or tart language ; [vulgar.]
SAUCE'-BOX, (saus'-box) n. [from saucy.] A saucy, impu-
dent fellow. Spectator.
SAUCE'-PAN, (saus'-pan) n. A small pan for sauce, or a
small skillet with a long handle, in which sau-ce or small
things are boiled.
BAU'CER, 11. [Fr. sauciere, or saussiere.] 1. A small pan
in which sauce is set on a table. 2. A piece of china or
t)ther ware, in which a tea-cup or coffee-cup is set.
SAU'CI-LY, adv. [from saucy.] Impudently, with imperti-
nent boldness ; petulantly. Addison.
SAU'CI-NESS, n. Impudence ; impertinent boldness j pet-
ulance ; contempt of superiors. Dryden.
SAU'CISSE, I n. [Pr. saucisse.] In mining or gunnery, a
SAU'CIS-SON, \ long pipe or bag, filled with powder,
and extending from the chamber of the mine to the en-
trance of the gallery.
SAU'CY, a. [from sauce ; L. salsus.] 1. Impudent ; bold
'to excess 5 rude ; transgressing the rules of decorum ;
treating superiors with contempt. It expresses more than
pert ; as, a saucy boy ; a saucy fellow. 2. Expressive of
impudence.
SAUL, an old spelling of soul.
SAUN'CING-BELL. See Sance-bell.
SAUN'DERS. See Sandal and Sanders.
*SAUN'TER, (san'ter) v. i. 1. To wander about idly. 2.
To loiter ; to linger.
* SAUN'TER-ER, n. One that wanders about idly.
* SniN'TER-ING, ppr. Wandering about lazily or idly 5
loitering.
SAUR, n. Dirt; soil. Grose.
SAU'RI-AN, a. [Gr. craijpoj.] Pertaining to lizards 5 desig-
nating an order of reptiles. Ed. Encyc.
*SAU'SAGE, m. [Yr. saucisse.] The intestine of an animal
stuffed with minced meat seasoned.
SAUS'SUR-ITE, n A mineral so named from Saussure.
SaV'A-BLE, a. Capable of being saved.
SaV'A-BLE-NESS, n. Capability of being saved.
SAVAGE, a. [Fr. sauvage ; Arm. savaich ; It. selvaggio ;
Sp. salvage.] 1. Pertaining to the forest ; wild ; remote
from human residence and improvements ; uncultivated.
2. Wild ; untamed. 3. Uncivilized ; untaught ; unpol-
ished ; rude. 4. Cruel ; barbarous ; fierce ; ferocious ;
inhuman; brutal.
SAVAGE, n. 1. A human being in his native state of rude-
ness ; one who is untaught, uncivilized or without culti-
vation of mind or manners. 2. A man of extreme, un-
feeling, brutal cruelty, a barbarian. 3. The name of a
genus of fierce, voracious flies.
SAVAGE, V. t. To make wild, barbarous or cruel. [L. u.]
SAVAGE-LY, adv. In the manner of a savage , cruelly ;
inhumanly. Shak.
SAVAGE-NESS, n. Wildness ; an untamed, uncultivated
or uncivilized state ; barbarism. Hence, 2. Cruelty ;
SAVA6E-RY, n. 1. Wild growth, as of plants. SAa/;. 2.
Cruelty ; barbarity. Shah.
SAVA6-ISM, n. The state of rude, uncivilized men ;
the state of men in their native wildness and rudeness.
Walsh.
SA-VAN'NA, n. [Sp. saiana.] An extensive, open plain or
meadow, or a plain destitute of trees.
SAVE,z). t. [Fr. sawver ; L. salvo ; It. salvare ; Sp. salvar.]
1. To preserve from injury, destruction or evil of any
kind ; to rescue from danger. 2. To preserve from final
and everlasting destruction ; to rescue from eternal death.
3. To deliver ; to rescue from the power and pollution of
sin. 4. To hinder from being spent or lost. 5. To pre-
vent. 6. To reserve or lay by for preservation. 7. To
spare ; to prevent ; to hinder from occurrence. 8. To
salve ; as, to save appearances. 9. To take or use oppor-
tunely, so as not to lose. 10. To except; to reserve from
a general admission or account ; as, " Israel burned none
of them, save Hazor only." Josh. xi.
SAVE, V. i. To hinder expense. Bacon.
SaVE'-ALL, n. [save and all.] A small pan inserted in a
candlestick to save the ends of candles. Johnson.
SAVED, ppr. Preserved from evil, injury or destruction ;
kept frugally; prevented; spared; taken in time.
SaVE'LIN, 71. A fish of the trout kind.
S AVER, 71. 1. One that saves, preserves or rescues from
evil or destruction. 2. One that escapes loss, but without
gain. 3 One that is frugal in expenses ; an economist.
TVotton.
SAVIN, n. [Fr. savinier ; L., Sp. sabina.] A tree or
shrub.
SAVING, ppr. 1. Precerving from evil or destruction ;
hindering from waste or loss ; sparing ; taking or using in
time. 2. Excepting. 3. a. Frugal; not lavish; avoid-
ing unnecessary expenses ; economical ; parsimonious.
4. That saves in returns or receipts the principal or sum
employed or expended ; that incurs no loss, though not
gainful, 5. That secures everlasting salvation.
SAVING, n. 1. Something kept from being expended or
lost. 2. Exception ; reservation.
SAVING-LY, adv. 1. With frugality or parsimony. 2. So
as to be finally saved from eternal death,
SaVING-NESS, n. 1. Frugality; parsimony; caution
not to expend money without necessity or use. 2. Ten-
dency to promote eternal salvation.
SAVINGS-BANK, n. A bank in which the savings or
earnings of the poor are deposited and put to interest for
their benefit.
SAV'IOR, (sav'yur) n. [Fr, sauveur.] One that saves or
preserves ; but properly applied only 10 Jesus Christ.
Sa'VOR, n. [Fr. saveur ; L. sapor.] 1. Taste or odor
something that perceptibly affects the organs of taste and
smell. 2. The quality which renders a thuig valuable ;
the quality which renders other bodies agreeable to the
taste. — 3. In Scripture, character; reputation. Ex. v. 4
Cause; occasion. 2 Cor. ii. — Sweet savor, in Scripture, de
notes that which renders a thing acceptable to God, or his
acceptance.
Sa'VOR, v. i. 1^ To have a particular smell or taste. 2
To partake of the quality or nature of; or to have the ap-
pearance of.
SA'VOR, V. t. 1, To like ; to taste or smell with pleasure
Shak. 2, To like ; to delight in ; to favor. Matt. xvi.
Sa'VOR-I-LY, adv. 1. With gust or appetite. Dryden. 1
With a pleasing relish. Dryden.
SA'VOR-I-NESS, n. Pleasing taste or smell.
Sa'VOR-LESS, a. Destitute of smell or taste; insipid.
Sa' VOR-LY, a. Well-seasoned ; of good taste.
Sa'VOR-LY, adv. With a pleasing relish. Barrow.
SAVOR-Y, a. Pleasing to the organs of smell or taste. Milton.
Sa'VOR-Y, n. [Fr. savoree.] A plant of the genus satureia.
SA-VOY', 71. A variety of the common cabbage, {brassica
oleracea,) much cultivated for winter use. Ed. Encyc.
SAW, pret. of see.
SAW, n. [Sax. saga ; G. s'dge ; D. zaag ; Sw. saga ; Dan.
'saug.] 1. A cutting instrument, consisting of a blade or
thin plate of iron or steel with one edge dentated or tooth-
ed, 2. A saying ; proverb ; maxim ; decree ; [obs. See
Say.] Shak.
SAW, V. t. j pret. sawed ; pp. sawed, -or sawn. [G. sagejL ;
D. zaagen ; Sw. saga ; Dan, sauger ; Norm, segiiar.] 1.
To cut with a saw ; to separate with a saw. 2 To form
by cutting with a saw,
SAW, V. i. 1. To use a saw ; to practice sawing 2. To
cut with a saw. 3. To be cut with a saw.
SAW'-DUST, n. Dust or small fragments of wood or stone
made by the attrition of a saw. Mortimer.
SAWED, pp. Cut, divided or formed with a saw.
S A W'ER, 71. One that saws ; corrupted into se.wyer.
SAW-FISH, 71. A fish of the genus;)?-istis. Encyc.
SAW'-FLY, n. A genus of flies, (iewiAredo.) Encyc.
SAW'-PIT, n. A pit over which timber is sawed.
SAW'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus serratula.
SAW'- WREST, 71. An instrument used to wrest or turn
the teeth of saws a little outwards.
SAWYER, n. 1. One whose occupation is to saw timber
into planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel. — 2. In
America, a tree, which, being undermined by a current
of water, and falling into the stream, lies with its
branches above water, which are continually raised and
depressed by the force of the current.
SAX'I-FRAGE, n. [L. saxifraga.] A medicine that has
the property of breaking or dissolving the stone in the
bladder.— In botany, a genus of plants of many species.
SAX-IF'RA-GOUS, a. Dissolving the stone. Broicn.
SAX'ON, 71. [Sax. seax.] 1. One of the nation or people
who formerly dwelt in the northern part of Germany, and
who invaded and conquered England in the fifth and
sixth centuries. 2. The language of the Saxons.
SAX'ON, a. Pertaining to the Saxons, to their country, or
to their language.
SAX'ON-ISM, 71.- An idiom of the Saxon language.
SAX'ON-IST, 71. One versed in the Saxon language.
SaY, v. t. ; pret. and pp. said, contracted from sayed. [Sax
smgan, sacgan ; G. sagen ; D. zeggen ; Sw. saga.] 1. To
speak ; to utter in words. It is observable that although
this word is radically synonymous with speak and tell,
yet the uses or applications of these words are different.
Thus we say, to speak an oration, to tell a story ; but in
these phrases say cannot be used. Yet to say a lesson ia
good English, though not very elegant. 2. To declare
Gere, xxxvii. 3. To utter; to pronounce. 4. To utter,
as a command. 5. To utter, as a promise. Luke xxiii.
6. To utter, as a question or answer. Mark xi. 7. To af-
firm ; to teach. Matt. xvii. 8. To confess. Luke xm.
9. To testify. Acts xxiv. 10. To argue ; to alledge by
way of argument. 11, To repeat; to rehearse; to recite.
12. To pronounce ; to recite without singing. 13. To re-
port ; as in the phrase, it is said. 14, To answer ; to utter
by way of reply ; to tell,
SAY, n. [Sax. saga, sagu.] A speech ; something said.
tSAY,7i. [forassfflT/.] 1. Asample. 2. Trialhy sample. Boyle
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARtNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
SCA
725
SCA
:SaY, n. [Fr. soie.] A thin silk.
SaY, I n. In commerce, a kind of serge used for linings,
SaYE, ) shirts, aprons, &;c.
SaY'ING, ppr. Uttering in articulate sounds or words;
speaking ; telling ; relating ; reciting.
SaY'ING, w. 1 An expression ; a sentence uttered ; a dec-
laration. 2. A proverbial expression. Milton.
S€AB, n. [Sax. scceb, sceb ; G. schabe ; Sw. skabb ; Dan.
sJiab ; L. scabies.] 1. An incrusted substance, dry and
rough, formed over a sore in healing. 2. The itch or
mange in horses ; a disease of sheep. 3. A mean, dirty,
paltry fellow ; [low.]
SCAB'BARD, n. The sheath of a sword. Dryden.
S€AB'BARD, v. t. To put in a sheath.
SCABBED, a. 1. Abounding with scabs ; diseased with
scabs. 2. Mean ; paltry ; vile ; worthless.
S€AB'BED-NESS, n. The state of being scabbed.
S€AB'BI-NESS, n. The quality of being scabby.
S€AB'BY, a. 1. Affected with scabs ; full of scabs. Dry-
den. 2. Diseased with the scab or mange ; mangy. Swift.
S€a'BI-OUS, a. [L. scabiosus.] Consisting of scabs ; rough;
it^hy; leprous. Arbuthnot.
SCa'BI-OUS, n. A plant of the genus scabiosa.
f SCA-BRED'I-TY, «. [L.scabredo,scabrities.] Roughness;
ruggedness. Bwrton.
SCa'BROUS, a. [L. scabrosns.] 1. Rough; rugged; hav-
ing sharp points. 2. Harsh ; unmusical.
SCa'BROUS-NESS, n. Roughness ; ruggedness.
SCAB' W6RT, 71. A plant, a species of helenium. i
SCAD, n. I. A fish, the shad, which see. Careio 2. A
fish of the genus caranx.
SCAF'FOLD, n. [Fr. echafaud ; Arm. chafod ; Ir. scafal ;
It. scafale.] 1. Among builders, an assemblage or struc-
ture of timbers, boards or planks, erected by the wall of a
building to support the workmen. 2. A temporary gal-
lery or stage raised either for shows or spectators. 3. A
stage or elevated platform for the execution of a criminal.
SCAF'FOLD, V. t. To furnish with a scaffold ; to sustain ;
to uphold.
SCAF'F0LD-A6E, n. A gallery ; a hollow floor. Shale.
SCAF'FOLD- ING, n. 1. A frame or structure for support
in an elevated place. 2. That which sustains ; a frame.
3. Temporary structure for support. 4. Materials for
scaffolds.
SCaL'A-BLE, a. That may be scaled.
SCA-LaDE', n. [Fr. scalade ; Sp. scalado.] A storm or
SCA-La'DO, \ assault on a fortified place, in which the
soldiers enter the place by means of ladders. It is writ-
ten, also, escalade.
SCA'LA-RY, a. Resembling a ladder; formed with steps.
[Little used.]
SCALD, V. t. [It. scaldare j Sp., Port, escaldar ; Fr. echau-
cier ' ] . To burn or painfully affect and injure by im-
mersion in or contact with a liquor of a boiling heat, or a
heat approaching it. 2. To expose to a boiling or violent
heat over a fire, or in water or other liquor.
SCALD, n. A burn, or injury to the skin and flesh by hot
liquor.
SCALD, n. [qu. Sax. scyll.] Scab; scurf on the head.
SCALD, a. Scurvy ; paltry ; poor ; as, scald rhymers.
SCALD, n. [Dan. skialdrer ; Sw. skalla.] Among the an-
cient Scandinavians, a poet. Mallet.
SC ALD'ED, pp. Injured by a hot liquor ; exposed to boiling
lieat.
SCALD'ER, n. A scald ; a Scandinavian poet.
SCALD'HE AD, n. A loathsome affection of the head, in
which it is covered with a continuous scab.
SCALD'IC, a. Pertaining to the scalds or poets of antiquity ;
composed by scalds. Warton.
SCALD'ING, ppr. I. Burning or injuring by hot liquor.
2." Exposing to a boiling heat in liquor.
SCALD'ING-HOT, a. So hot as to scald the skin.
SCALE, 71. [Sax. scale, sceale ; D. sckaaL] 1. The dish
of a balance ; and, hence, the balance itself, or whole in-
strument. 2. The sign of the balance or Libra, in the
zodiac. 3. The small shell or crust which composes a
part of the covering of a fish ; and, hence, any thin layer
or leaf exfoliated or separated ; a thin lamina. 4. [L. sea-
la.] A ladder: series of steps; means of ascending. 5.
The act of storming a place by mounting the wall on lad-
ders ; an escalade, or scalade. 6. A mathematical instru-
ment of wood or metal, on which are marked lines and
figures for the purpose of measuring distances, extent or
proportions. 7. Regular gradation ; a series rising by
steps or degrees like those of a ladder. 8. Any instru-
ment, figure or scheme, graduated for the purpose of
measuring extent or proportions. — 9. In music, a gamut;
a diagram ; or a series of lines and spaces rising one above
another, on which notes are placed ; or a scale consists
of the regular gradations of sounds. 10. Any thing grad-
uated or marked with degrees at equal distances.
SCALE, V. t. [It. scalare.] 1. To climb, as by a ladder;
to ascend by steps. 2. [from scale, a balance.] To meas-
ure ; to compare ; to weigh. 3. [from scale, the covering
of a fish. J To strip or clear of scales. 4. To take off in
thin lamms or scales. 5. To pare off a surface.— 6. In the
J\rorth of England, to spread, as manure or loose sub-
stances ; also, to disperse ; to waste.— 7. In gunnery, to
clean the inside of a cannon by the explosion of a small
quantity of powder.
SCALE, V. i. To separate and come off in thin layers.
SCALED, pp. 1. Ascended by ladders or steps ; cleared ot
scales ; pared ; scattered. 2. a. Having scales like a fish ;
squamous.
SCaLE^LESS, a. Destitute of scales. S. M. Mitchill.
SCA-LeNE', ) a. [Gr. aKaMfog.] A scalene triangle is
SCA-Lk'NOQS, ) one whose sides and angles are une-
qual _
SCA-LeNE', 7U a scalene triangle.
SCa'LI-NESS, n. The state of being scaly ; roughness
SCaL'ING, ppr. 1. Ascending by ladders or steps ; storm
ing. 2. Stripping of scales. 3. Peeling ; paring.
SCaL'ING-LAD-DER, n. A ladder made for enabling
troops to scale a wall.
SCALL, 71. Scab ; scabbiness leprosy.
SCALL'ION, a. [It. scalogno ; L. ascalonia ; Fr. echalote.]
A plant of the genus allium ; a variety of the common on-
ion, which never forms a bulb at the root.
SCAL'LOP, 71. 1. A shell-fish, or rather a genus of shell-fish,
called pecten. 2. A recess or curving of the edge of any
thing, like the segment of a circle ; written, also, scollop.
SCAL'LOP, V. t. To mark or cut the edge or border of any
thing into segments of circles. Gray.
SCALP, 71. [D. schelp, or schulp ; and L. scalpo.] 1. The
skin of the top of the head. 2. The skin of the top of the
head cut or torn off.
SCALP, V. t. To deprive of the scalp or integuments of the
head. Sharp.
SCALPED, pp. Deprived of the skin of the head.
SCALP'EL, n. [L. scalpellum.] In surgery, a knife used in
anatomical dissections and surgical operations.
SCALP'ER, or SCALP'ING-IR-ON, n. An instrument of
surgery, used in scraping foul and carious bones ; a raspa-
tory.
SCALP'ING,ppr. Depriving of the skin of tiie top of the
head.
SCaL'Y, a. 1. Covered or abounding with scales ; rough.
2. Resembling scales, lamina or layers. — 3. In botany,
composed of scales lying over each other.
SCAM'BLE, 7J. i. [D. schommelen.] 1. To stir quick ; to be
busy ; to scramble ; to be bold or turbulent. 2. To shift
awkwardly.
SCAM'BLE, V. t. To mangle ; to maul. Mortimer.
SCAM'BLER, n. A bold intruder upon the generosity or
hospitality of others. Steevens.
SCAM'BLING, ppr. Stirring ; scrambling ; intruding.
SCAM'BLING-LY, adv. With turbulence and noise.
SCAM'MEL, n. A bird.
t SCAM-Mo'NI-ATE, a. Made with scammony.
SCAM'MO-NY, 71. [L. scammonia.] ]. A plant of the genus
convolvulus. 2. A gum resin, obtained from the plant of
that name.
SCAMP'ER, V. i. [D. schampen ; Fr. escamper ; It. scam-
pare.] To run with speed ; to hasten escape. Addison.
SCAMP'ER-ING, ppr. Running with speed; hastening in
flight.
SCAN, V. t. [Fr. scavder ; Sp. escander ; It. scandire.] 1. To
examine with critical care ; to scrutinize. 2. To examine
a verse by counting the feet ; to recite or measure verse
by distinguishing the feet in pronunciation.
SCAN'DAL, 71. [Fr. scandale ; It. scandalo ; Sp. escandalo ;
L. scandalum.] 1. Offense given by the faults of another
2. Reproachful aspersion ; opprobrious censure ; defama-
tory speech or report ; something uttered which is false
and injurious to reputation. 3. Shame ; reproach ; dis-
grace.
SCAN'DAL, V. t. 1. To treat opprobriously ; to defame ; to
asperse; to traduce; to blacken character; [little used,]
2. To scandalize ; to offend ; [obs.]
SCAN'DAL-iZE, v.t. [Gr. GKavSaXi^o) ; L. scandaliio; Fr.
scandaliser.] I. To offend by some action supposed crim
inal. 2. To reproach ; to disgrace ; to defame.
SCAN'DAL-TZED, pp. Offended ; defamed ; disgraced.
SCAN'DAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Giving offense to ; disgracing.
SCAN'DAL-OUS, a. [It. scandaloso ; Sp. escandaloso ; Fr.
scandaleux.] 1. Giving offense. 2. Opprobrious ; dis-
graceful to reputation ; that brings shame or infamy. 3.
Defamatory.
SCAN'DAL-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Shamefully ; in a manner to
give offense. 2. Censoriously ; with a disposition to find
fault.
SCAN'DAL-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being scandalous ;
the quality of giving offense, or of being disgraceful.
SCAN'DA-LUM MAG-NA'TUM. In law, a defamatory
speech or writing made or published to the injury of a
person of dignity.
SCAND'ENT,a. [L.scandens.] Climbing, either with spiral
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK DoVE ;—pjJLL, UNITE -.CasK; 6 asJ ; SasZ; CHasSH ; THas in «Ais. j Obsolete
SCA
7*416
SCA
tendrils for its support, or by adhesive fibres, as a stalk ;
climbing ; performing the office of a tendril, as a petiole.
SCANNED, fp. Critically sifted or examined ; resolved into
feet in recital.
SCAN'NING, ppr. Critically examining ; resolving into feet,
as verse.
SCAN'SION, n. The act of scanning. Percy.
SCANT, V. t. [Dan. skaanet.'] To limit; to straiten.
Dryden.
SCANTi V. i. To fai! or become less ; as, the wind scants.
SCANT, a. 1. Not full, large or plentiful ; scarcely suffi-
cient ; rather less than is wanted for the purpose. 2.
Sparing ; parsimonious ; cautiously affijrding ; [obs.] 3.
Not fair, free or favorable for a ship's course.
t SCANT, adv. Scarcely ; hardly ; not quite. Camden.
I SCANT, n. Scarcity. Care^c.
SCANT'I-LY, adv. 1. Not fully ; not plentifully. 2. Spar-
ingly ; niggardly ; [unusual.]
SCANT'I-NESS, n. 1. Narrowness ; want of space or com-
pass. Dryden. 2. Want of amplitude, crreatness or abun-
dance ; limited extent. 3. Want of fullness ; want of
sufficiency.
SCAN'TLE, V. t. To be deficient ; to fail. Drayton.
SCAN'TLE, V. i. To divide into thin or small pieces ; to
shiver. Chesterfield.
t SCANT'LET, n. A small pattern ; a small quantity.
SCANT'LING, n. [Fr. echantillon ; Sp. escantillon ; Port.
escantilham.] 1. A pattern ; a quantity cut for a particu-
lar purpose. 2. A small quantity ; as, a scantling of wit.
3. A certain proportion or quantity. — 4. In the United
States, timber sawed or cut into pieces of a small size, as
for studs, rails, &c. — 5. In seamen's language, the dimen-
sions of a piece of timber, with regard to its breadth and
T SCANT'LING, a. Not plentiful ; small. Taylor.
SCANT'LY, adv. 1. Scarcely ; hardly ; [obs.] 2. Not fully
or sufficiently ; narrowly ; penuriously ; without ampli-
tude.
SCANT'NESS, n. Narrowness ; smallness,
SCANT'Y, a. 1. Narrow ; small ; wanting amplitude or ex-
tent. 2. Poor ; not copious or full ; not ample ; hardly
sufficient. 3. Sparing ; niggardly ; parsimonious.
SCAP'A-ISM, n. [Gr. ff/cairrw.] Among the Persians, a bar-
barous punishment inflicted on criminals by confining
them in a hollow tree till they died.
SCAPE, V. t. To escape ; a contracted word, not now used
except in poetry, and with a mark of elision. See Escape.
f SCAPE, n. 1. An escape; [see Escape.] 2. Means of
escape ; evasion. 3. Freak ; aberration ; deviation. 4.
Loose act of vice or lewdness.
SCAPE, n. [L. scapus.] In botany, a stem bearing the fruc-
tification without leaves, as in the narcissus and hya-
cinth.
SCaPE'-GoAT, n. [escape and goat.] In the Jewish ritual,
a goat which was brought to the door of the tabernacle,
where the high-priest laid his hands upon him, confessing
the sins of the people, and putting them on the head of the
goat ; after which the goat was sent into the wilderness,
bearing the iniquities of the people. Lev. xvi,
SCaPE'LESS, a. In botany, destitute of a scape.
SCaPE'MENT, n. The method of communicating the im-
p'jlse of The wheels to the pendulum of a clock.
SCa'PHITE, n. [li. scapha.] Fossil remains of the scapha.
SCAP'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. (TKanos and \i6os.] A mineral.
SCAP'TJ-LA, n. [L.] The shoulder-blade. Coze.
SCAP'U-LAR, a. [L. scapularis.] Pertaining to the shoul-
der, or to the scapula ; as, the scapidar arteries.
SCAP'U-LAR, n. 1. In anatomy, the name of two pairs of ar-
teries, and as many veins. — 2. In ornithology, a feather
which springs from the shoulder of the wing, and lies
along the side of the back.
SCAP'U-LAR, \ n. A part of the habit of certain religious
SCAP'U-LA-RY, \ orders in the Romish church, consist-
ing of two narrow slips of cloth worn over the gown.
SCAR, n. [Fr. escarre ; Arm. scarr, or yscar ; It. escara ;
Gr e<yx°-9"- ' ^^^- skar.] 1. A mark in the skin or flesh
of an animal, made by a wound or an ulcer, and remain-
mg after the wcrund or ulcer is healed. 2. Any mark or
injury ; a blemish. 3. [L. scarus ; Gr. aKapos.] A fish.
SCAR, v. t. To mark with a scar. Shak.
SCAR, v. t. To scare. JVorth of England.
SCAR'AB, ) n. [L. scarabmis.] A beetle ; an insect of
SCAR A-BEE. \ the genus scarabmus.
SCARA-MOTJCH, v. [Fr. escarmouche; It. scaramuccio ;
Sp. escaramuza.] A buffoon in motley dress.
SCARCE, a. [It. scarso ; I), schaarsch.] 1. Not plentiful
or abundant being in small Quantity in proportion to the
demand. 2 Being few in number and scattered ; rare ;
uncommon
SCARCE, I adv. 1. Hardly; scantly. 2. Hardly; with
SCARCL'LY, \ difficulty.
SCARCE'NESS, ) n. 1. Smallness of quantity, or smallness
S€aR'CI-TY, \ in proportion to the wants or demands ;
deficiency ; defect of plenty ; penury. 2. Rareness , in
frequency.
SCARE, v.t. [qu. W esgar; It. scorare.] To fright; to
terrify suddenly ; to strike with sudden terror. — To scare
away, to drive away by frightening.
SCaRE'CRoW, m. [scare and crow.] 1. Any frightful tbmg
set up to frighten crows or other fowls from corn-fields ;
hence, any <^hing terrifying without danger ; a vain terror.
2^ A fowl of the sea-gull kind ; the black-gull.
SCARED, pp. Frightened ; suddenly terrified.
t SCaRE'FiRE, n. A fire breaking out so as to frighten
people.
SCARF, n.jplu. Scap.fs. [¥x. echarpe ; It. ciarpa ; [Sax
srearf.] Something that hangs loose upon the shoulders.
SCAR F, V. t. 1. To throw loosely on. Shak. 2. To dress in
a loose vesture. Shak.
SCARF, v.t. [Sw. skarfva; Sp. escarpar.] To join ; to
piece ; to unite two pieces of timber at the ends, by let-
ting the end of one into the end of the other, or by laying
the two ends together and fastening a third piece to both.
SCARF'SKIN, w. [scarf axiA skin.] The cuticle ; the epider-
mis ; the outer thin integument of the body.
SCAR-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. scarificatio.] In surgery, the
operation of making several incisions in the skin with a
lancet or other cutting instrument, particularly the cup-
ping instrument. Encyc.
SCAR-I-FI-Ca'TOR, n. An instrument used in scarifica-
tion.
SCAR'I-Fi-ER, 71. 1 . The person who scarifies. 2. The in-
strument used for scarifying.
SCAR'I-F'?, V. t. [Fr. scarifier; L. scarifico.] To scratch
or cut the skin of an animal, or to make small incisions by
means of a lancet or cupping instrument, so as to draw
blood from the smaller vessels without opening a large
vein.
SCAR'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making small incisions in the skin
with an instrument.
SCa'RI-OUS, a. [Low L. scar'rosus.] In botany, tough,
thin and semi-transparent, dry and sonorous to the touch,
as a perianth.
SCAR-LA-Tl'NA, n. The scarlet fever; called, in popular
language, the canker rash.
SCAR-LAT'I-NOUS, a. Of a scarlet cblor ; pertaining to
the scarlet fever.
SCAR'LET, n. [Fr. ecarlate ; Arm. scarladd; It. scarlatto ,
Sp. escarlata.] 1. A beautiful bright-red color, brighter
than crimson. 2. Cloth of a scarlet color.
SCAR'LET, a. Of the color called scarlet ; of a bright-red
color. Shak. _
SCAR'LET-BfAN, n. A plant ; a red bean. Mortimer.
SCAR'LET-Pe'VER, n. [L, scarlatina.] A disease in
which the body is covered with an efflorescence or red
color,
SCAR'LET-O AK, n. A species of oak, the quercus coccifera,
or kermes oak.
t SCAR'MAGE, ) peculiar modes of spelling skirmish. Spen-
t SCAR'MOGE, \ ser.
SCARN, n. [Sax. scearn.] Dung. [JVot in use, or local.]
SCaRN'-BEE, n. A beetle. [JVot in use, or local.] Ray.
SCARP, n. [Fr. escarpe; It. scarpa.] In fortification, the
interior talus or slope of the ditch next the place, at the
foot of the rampart.
SCARP, 77. In heraldry, the scarf which military command-
ers wear for ornament ; borne somewhat like a batoon
sinister, but broader, and continued to the edges of the
field. Encyc. '
SCa'RUS, 7^. A fish. See Scar.
SCa'RY, 71. Barren land having only a thin coat of grass
upon it. [Local.]
SCAT, 71. A shower of rain ; and hence, scatty, showery.
Orose.
SCATCH, n. [Fr. escttcAe.] A kind of horse-bit for bridles
Bailey.
SCATCH'ES, 7?,. plu. [Fr. echasses.] Stilts to put the feet in
for walking in dirty places. Bailey.
SCATE, n. [D. schaats ; Ice. skid.] A wooden shoe furnish-
ed with a steel plate for sliding on ice.
SCATE, V. i. To slide or move on scateg.
SCATE, n. [Sax. sceadda ; L. squatina.] A fish.
SCa'TE-BROUS, a. [L. scatebra.] Abounding with springs.
* SCATH, V. t. [Sax. scathian, sceathian ; D. schaaden.]
To damage ; to waste ; to destroy. [Little used.]
* SCATH, n. Damage ; injury ; waste ; harm. [Little used.]
SCATH'FUL, a. Injurious; harmful; destructive. [L.u.i
SCATH'LESS, a. Without waste or damage. [Little used.]
Chaucer.
SCAT'TER, v.t. [Sax. scateran; h. scateo.] 1. To dis-
perse ; to dissipate ; to separate or remove things to a dis-
tance from each other. 2. To throw loosely about ; to
sprinkle. 3. To spread or set thinly.
SCAT'TER, V. i. 1. To be dispersed or dissipated. 2. To
be liberal to the poor ; to be charitable. Prov. xi.
SCAT'TERED, pp. 1. Dispersed ; dissipated ; thinly spread ;
See Synopsis. A, E, I 5, tJ, ^, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD
t Obsolete.
SCH
727
SCH
sprinkled or thinly spread over.— 2. In botany, irregular
in position ; without any apparent regular order.
S€AT'TERED-LY, adv. In a dispersed manner.
SCAT'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Dispersing ; spre-Hding thinly ;
sprinkling. 9. a. Not united ; divided amt»ng maliy.
S€AT'TER-ING-LY, adv. Loosely ; in a dispersed man-
ner ; thinly.
SeAT'TER-LING, n. A vagabond ; one that has no fixed
liabitation or residence. [Little used.]
tSCA-Tu'RI-ENT, a. [h. scaturiens.] Springing, as the
water of a fountain. Diet.
t S€AT-U-RI6'IN-0US, a. [L. scaturiffo.] Abounding with
springs. Diet.
SeAUP, 71. A fowl of the duck kind. Eneyc.
SCAV'AfiE, 71. [Sax. seeawian.] In aneient customs, a toll
or duty exacted of merchant-strangers by mayors, sheriffs,
&c., for goods shown or offered for sale within their pre-
cincts.
SeAV'EN-OER. n. [Sax. scafan; G. sehaben.] A person
whose employment is to clean the streets of a city.
fSCEL'ER-AT, n. [Fr. ; L. seeleratus.] A villain ; a crim-
inal.
SCENE, 71. [Fr. ; L. scena ; Gr. CKfiyn.] 1 . A stage ; the
theatre or place where dramatic pieces and other shows
are exhibited. 2. The whole series of actions and events
connected and exhibited ; or the whole assemblage of ob-
jects displayed at one view. 3. A part of a play ; a di-
vision of an act. 4. So much of an act of a play as repre-
sents what passes between the same persons in the same
place. 5. The place represented by the stage. 6. The
curtain or hanging of a theatre adapted to the play. 7.
The place where any thing is exhibited. 8. Any remark-
able exhibition.
SCeN'ER-Y, n. 1. The appearance of a place, or of the va-
rious objects presented to view ; or the various objects
themselves, as seen together. 2. The representation of
the place in which an action is performed. 3. The dispo-
sition and consecution of the scenes of a play. 4. The
paintings representing the scenery of a play.
SCEN'I€, ) a. [L. sceiiicus.'] Pertaining to scenery ;
S0EN'I-€AL, S dramatic ; theatrical.
SCEN-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to scenography ;
SCEN-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, S drawn in perspective.
SCEN-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In perspective.
SCE-NOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. cKrivri and ypaipia.'] The rep-
resentation of a body on a perspective plane ; or a descrip-
tion of it in all its dimensions as it appears to the eye.
SCENT, 71. [Fr. senteur, from sentir ; L. sentio.] 1. Odor ;
smell ; that substance which, issuing from a body, affects
the olfactory organs of animals. 2. The power of smell-
ing ; the smell. 3. Chase followed by the scent ; course of
pursuit; track.
SCENT, v.t.l. To smell ; to perceive by the olfactory or-
gans. 2. To perfume : to imbue or fill with odor, good or
bad.
SCENT'FUL, a. 1. Odorous ; yielding much smell. 2. Of
quick smell. Browne.
SCENT'LESS, a. Inodorous; destitute of smell.
*SKEP'TI€, 71. [Gx.aKt-KTiKos ; Sax. seeawian.] 1. One who
doubts the truth and reality of any principle or system of
principles or doctrines.— In philosophy, a Pyn-honist or
follower of Pyrrho, the founder of a sect of sceptical phi-
losophers. — 2. In theolofty, a person who doubts the ex-
istence of God, or the truth of revelation.
*SKEPiTI€, ) a. \. Doubting ; hesitating to admit the
* SKEP'TI-€AL, \ certainty of doctrines or principles ;
doubting of every thing. 2. Doubting or denying the
truth of revelation.
* SKEP'TI-CAl^LY, adv. With doubt ; in a doubting man-
ner.
SKEP'TI-€AL-NESS, n. Doubt ; pretense or profession of
doubt.
* SKEP'TI-CISM, 77. [Fr. scepticisme.] 1. The doctrines and
opinions of the Pyn-honists or sceptical philosophers ; uni-
versal doubt.— 2. In theology, a doubting of the truth of
revelation, or of the existence of God.
* SKEP'TI-CIZE, V. i. To doubt ; to pretend to doubt of
every thing. [Little used.] Shaftesbury.
SCEP'TRE, ) 71. [Fr. sceptre ; L. sceptmm.] 1. A staff or
SCEPTER, \ batoon borne by kings on solemn occasions,
as a badge of authority. 2. The appropriate ensign of roy-
alty ; an ensign of higher antiquity than the crown 3.
Royal power or authority. 4. A constellation.
SCEP'TRE, V. t. To invest with royal authority, or with
the ensign of authority.
SCEP'TRED, a. Bearing a sceptre. Tickel.
S€He'DI-ASM, 77. [Gr. (jxs^tacrna.] Cursory writing on a
loose sheet.
SCHA'AL-STEIN, or SCaLE'-STONE, n. A rare mineral,
called, also, tafelspath and tabular spar,
*SCHED'ULE, 77. [1^. schedula.] 1. A small scroll or piece
of paper or parchment, containing some writing. 2. A
piece"of paper or parchment annexed to a larger writing,
as to a will, a deed, a lease, ice. 3. A piece of paper or
parchment containing an inventory of goods.
*S€HED'ULE, v. t. To place in a list or catalogue ; to in-
ventory.
SCHEE'LIN, ) 71. A different name of tungsten, a hard,
5CHF'LI-UM, ] brittle metal.
SCHEICK, or SCHEIGH, 7i. Among the Arabians and
Moors, an old man ; and hence, a chief, a lord, a man of
eminence. SeeSHAiK.
S€He'MA-TISM, 11. [Gr. axnt^Laricmog.] 1. Combinatior.
of the aspects of heavenly bodies. 2. Particular form oi
disposition of a thing ; [little used.]
S<i)HE MA-TIST, n. A projector ; one who forms schemes.
SCHEME, 77. [L. schevia ; Gr. axilla.] 1. A plan ; a com
bination of things connected and adjusted by design ; a
system. 2. A project ; a contrivance ; a plan of something
to be done ; a design. 3. A representation of the aspects
of the celestial bodies ; any lineal or mathematical di-
agram,
SCHEME, V. t. To plan ; to contrive.
SCHEME, V. i. To form a plan ; to contrive.
SCHeM'ER, n. One that contrives ; a projector ; a con-
triver.
SCHeM'ING, ppr. 1. Planning ; contriving. 2. a. Given to
forming schemes ; artful.
SCHeM'IST, 77. A schemer ; a projector. Coventry.
SCHENE, n. [L. schmnos ; Gr. a^oivos.] An Egyptian
measure of length, equal to sixty stadia, or about 7^ miles.
SCHe'SIS, 7!. [Gr. a')(^eaig.] Habitude ; general state or dis-
position of the body or mind.
SCHIL'LER-SPAR, ti. A mineral.
SCHISM, (sizm) 77. [L. schisma ; Gr. cr;^i<rjiia.] 1. In a gen
eral sense, division or separation ; but appropriately, a di-
vision or separation in a church or denomination of
Christians. K. Charles. 2. Separation ; division among
tribes or classes of people .
* SCHIS-MAT'IC, (siz-mat'ik) } a. Pertaining to
SCHIS-MAT'I-CAL, (siz-mat'i-kal) \ schism ; implying
schism ; partaking of the nature of schism ; tending to
schism.
* SCHIS-MAT'IC, 77. One who separates from an estab-
lished church or religious faith, on account of a diversity
of opinions. 8707/^.
SCHIS-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a schismatical manner ,
by separation from a church on account of a diversity of
opinions.
SCHIS-MAT'I-€AL-NESS, 77. The state of being schis-
matical.
SCHIS'MA-TiZE, v. i. To commit or practice schism ; to
make a breach of communion in the church.
SCHISM'LESS, a. Free from schism ; not affected by schism.
[Little used.] Milton.
SCHIST. See Shist.
SCHOL'AR, n. [Low L. scholaris ; Fr. ecolier ; D. school-
ier ; G. schvlcr.] I. One who learns of a teacher ; one
who is under the tuition of a preceptor ; a pupil ; a disci-
ple ; hence, any member of a college, academy or school ;
applicable to the learner of any art, science or branch of
literature. 2. A man of letters. Locke — 3. Emphatically
used, a man eminent for erudition ; a person of high at-
tainments in science or literature. 4. One that learna
anything. 5. A pedant ; a man of books. Bacon.
t S€HO-LAR'I-TY, 71. Scholarship. B.Jonsov.
SCHOL'AR-LiKE, a. Like a scholar ; becoming a scholar.
Bacon.
SCHOL'AR-SHIP, 77. 1. Learning; attainments in science
or literature. 2. Literary education ; [imusual.] 3» Ex-
hibition or maintenance for a scholar ; foundation for the
support of a student.
SCHO-LAS'TIC, \ a. [L. scholasticws.] 1. Pertaining
SCHO-LAS'TI-CAL, \ to a scholar, to a school or to
schools. 2. Scholar-like ; becoming a scholar ; suitable to
schools. 3. Pedantic ; formal.
SCHO-LAS'TIC, 77. One who adheres to the method orsub-
tilties of the schools. Milton^
SCHO-LAS'TI-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of schools ,
according to the niceties or method of the schools.
SCHO-LAS'TI-CISM, 77. The method or subtilties of the
schools. Warton.
SCHo'LI-AST, 77. [Gr. cxo^iaarrti.] A commentator 01
annotator ; one who writes notes upon the works of an
other for illustrating his writings.
t SCHo'LI-AZE, V. i. To write notes on an author's works
t SCHo'LI-CAL, a. Scholastic. Hales.
SCHo'LI-UM, 77.,- plu. Scholia, or Scholiums. [L. schc-
lion ; Gr. axo^iov.] In mathematics, a remark or observa-
tion subjoined to a demonstration.
t SCHo'LY, 71. A scholium. Hooker.
t SCHo'LY, V. i. To write comments. Hooker.
SCHOOL, 77. [L. schola ; Gr. axo'>^r! ; G. scMile ; D. skole ;
Sw. skola ; Arm. scol ; Fr. ecole ; It. scuola ; Sp. escuelaj
Port, escola.] 1. A place or house in which persons are
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.-^€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z • ^H as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
SCI
728
SCO
instructed in arts, science, languages or any species of learn-
ing ; or the pupils assembled for instruction. — In Ameri-
can usage, school more generally denotes the collective
body of pupils in any place of instruction, and under the
direction and discipline of one or more teachers. 2. The
instruction or exercises of a collection of pupils or stu-
dents, or the collective body of pupils while engaged in
their studies. 3. The state of instruction. 4. A place of
education, or collection of pupils, of any kind. 5. Sepa-
rate denomination or sect ; or a system of doctrine taught
by particular teachers, or peculiar to any denomination of
Christians or philosophers. 6. The seminaries for teach-
ing logic, metaphysics and theology, [school diviidty,]
wiiicb were formed in the middle ages, and which were
characterized by academical disputatious and subtilties of
reasoning ; or the learned men who were engaged in dis-
cussing nice points in metaphysics or theology. 7. Any
place of improvement or learning.
SCHOOL, V. t. 1. To instruct ; to train ; to educate. 2. To
teach with superiority ; to tutor ; to chide and admonish ;
to reprove.
SCHOOL'-BOY, n. A boy belonging to a school, or one
who is learning rudiments. Swift.
S€HOOL'-DAME, n. The female teacher of a school.
1 SCHOOL'-DAY, n. The age in which youth are sent to
school. Shak.
SCHOOL'-DIS-TRICT, n. A division of a town or city for
establishing and conducting schools. U. States.
t SCHOOL'ER-Y, n. Something taught ; precepts. Spenser.
SCHOOL'-FEL-LoW, n. One bred at the same school ; an
associate in school. Locke.
SCHOOL'-HOUSE, n. A house appropriated for the use of
schools, or for instruction.
SCHOOL'ING, jj/jr. Instructing ; teaching; reproving.
SCHOOL'ING, n. 1. Instruction in school ; tuition. 2.
Compensation for instruction ; price or reward paid to
an instructor for teaching pupils. 3. Reproof; repri-
mand.
SCHOOL'MaID, 71. A girl at school. Shak.
SCHOOL'MAN, m. 1. A man versed in the niceties of aca-
demical disputation or of school divinity. 2. A writer of
scholastic divinity or philosophy.
SCHOOL'MaS-TER, u. 1. The man who presides over
and teaches a school ; a teacher, instructor or preceptor
_of a school. 2. He or that which disciplines, instructs and
leads.
SCHOOL'MIS-TRESS, n. A woman who governs and
teaches a school. Oay.
SCHOON'ER, 71. [G. sckoner.] A vessel with two masts.
SCHORL. See Shorl.
SCl-A-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to sciagraphy.
SCl-AG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. (XKiaypa(l>ia.'} I. The art of
sketching or delineating. — 2. In architecture, the profile
or section of a building to exhibit its interior structure. —
3. In astronomy, the art of finding the liour of the day or
night by the shadows of objects, caused by the sun, moon
or stars ; the art of dialing.
SCI-A-THER'IC, \ a. [Gr. aKia and drjpa.] Belonging
SCl-A-THERT-CAL, \ to a sun-dial. [Little used.]
SCI-A-THER'I-CAL-LY, adv. After the manner of a sun-
dial.
SCI-AT'I€, or SCT-AT'I-€A, n. [L. sciatica.] Rheumatism
in the hip. Coxe.
SCI-AT'IC, I a. 1, Pertaining to the hip. 2. Affecting
SCl-AT'I-CAL, i the hip.
SCl'ENCE, 71. [Fr. ; L. scientia.] I. In a general sense,
knowledge, or certain knowledge ; the comprehension or
understanding of truth orfacts by the mind. — 2. In philoso-
phy, a collection of the general principles or leading truths
relating to any subject. 3. Art derived from precepts or
built on principles. 4. Any art or species of knowledge.
5. One of the seven liberal branches of knowledge, viz.
grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy
and music. Johnson. — Authors have not always been
careful to use the terms art and science with due discrim-
ination and precision. Music is an art as well as a sci-
ence. In general, an art is that which depends on prac-
tice or performance, and science that which depends on ab-
stract or speculative principles. The theory of music is a
science ; the practice of it an art.
tSClENT, a. [L. sciens.] Skillful. Cockeram.
SCl-EN'TIAL, a. Producing science. Milton.
SCl-EN-TlF'ie, \ a. [Fr. scientifique ; It. scientijico ;
SCI-EiV-TIF'I-CAL, \ Sp. cientifico.] 1. Producing cer-
tain knowledge or demonstration. 2. According to the
; tiles or principles of science. 3. Well versed in science.
SCT-SN-TIF'I-CAL-LY, ado. 1. In such a manner as to
produce knowledge. 2. According to the rules or princi-
ples of science.
SCILLI-TIX,7i. A white, transparent, acrid substance, ex-
tra(.ted from squills by Vogel. Ure.
SCIM'I-TAR. See Ci miter.
SCINK, 71. A cast calf. [J^oiin use, or local.] Ainsworth.
SCIN'TIL-LANT, a. Emitting sparks or fine igneous pai-
ticles ; sparkling.
SCIN'TIL-LATE, v. i. [L. sdntillo.] 1. To emit sparks
or fine igneous particles. 2. To sparkle, as the fixed
stars.
SCIN'TIL-LA-TING, ppr. Emitting sparks ; sparkling.
SCIN-TIL-La'TION, n. The act of emitting sparks or ig
neons particles ; the act of sparkling. Brown.
SCl'O-LlSM, 71. Superficial knowledge. Brit. Critic.
SCl'0-LIST, n. [L. sciolus.] One who knows little, or who
knows many things superficially ; a smatterer.
SCl'0-LOUS, a. Superficially or imperfectly knowing.
* SCI-OM'A-CHY, 7i. [Gx.cKLaa.nA.y.u'x;!]-] A battle with a '
shadow. [Little used.] Cowley.
SCION. SeeCioN.
SCl-OP'Tie, a. [Gr. cicia and onro/zai.] Pertaining to the
camera obscura, or to the art of exhibiting images through
ahole in a darkened room. Bailey.
SCT-OP'Tie, 71. A sphere or globe with a lens made to turn
like the eye.
SCl-OP'TICS, 71. The science of exhibiting images of ex-
ternal objects, received through a double convex glass
into a darkened room.
SCI'RE Fa'CIAS, n. [L.] In law, a judicial writ summon-
ing a person to show cause to the court why something
should not be done. Blackstone.
SCl'ROC, ) n. [It. scirocco.] In Italy, a south-east
SCi-ROC'CO, \ wind ; a hot, suffocating wind, blowing
from the burning deserts of Africa.
SeiR-ROS'I-TY, 71. An induration of the glands.
SCIR'ROUS, a. 1. Indurated ; hard ; knotty ; as a gland.
2. Proceeding from scirrus.
SCIR'RUS, 71. [It. scirro ; Sp. escirro ; L. scirrvs ; Gr.
uKippoi.] In surgery and medicine, a hard tumor on any
part of the body, usually proceeding from the induration
of a gland, and often terminating in a cancer.
SCIS-CI-Ta'TION, 71. [1,. sciscitor.] The act of inquiring ;
inquiry ; demand. [Little used.] Hall.
SCIS'SI-BLE, a. [L. scissus, scindo.] Capable of being cut
or divided by a sharp instrument. Bacon.
SCIS'SILE, a. [L. scisdlis.] That may be cut or divided by
a sharp instrument. Arbuthnot.
SCIS'SION, (sizh'un) n. [Fr.; L. scissio.] The act of cut-
ting or dividing by an edged instrument. Wiseman.
SCIS'SORS, (siz'zurz) n. plu. [L. scissor.] A cutting in-
strument resembling shears, but smaller, consisting of two
cutting blades movable on a pin in the centre, by which
they are fastened.
SCIS'SURE, (sizh'ur)??. [L. scissura,] A Ion gitudinral open-
ing in a body, made by cutting.
SCl-TA-MIN'E-OUS, a. Belonging to the scitaminece, one of
Linne's_ natural orders of plants. Asiat. Res.
SCLA-Vo'NI-AN, I a. [Sclavi.] Pertaining to the Sclavi,
SLA-VON'ie, \ or to their language.
SCLE-ROT'IC, a. [Gr. o-/cX?7poj.] Hard i firm.
SCLE-ROT'ie, n. 1. The firm, white, outer coat of the eye
2. A medicine which hardens and consolidates the parts
to which it is applied.
SCOAT. See Scot.
SCOB'I-FORM, a. [1.. scobs, and form.] Having the form
of saw-dust or raspings.
SCOBS, 71. [L.] Raspings of ivory, hartsliorn or other hard
substance ; dross of metals, &c. Chambers.
SCOFF, 7J. i. [Gr. (XKUTTTU).] To treat with insolent ridicule,
mockery or contumelious language ; to manifest contempt
by derision ; with at.
SCOF'F, v. t. To treat with derision or scorn. Fotherby.
SCOFF, n. Derision, ridicule, mockery or reproach, ex-
pressed in language of contempt ; expression of scorn or
contempt.
SCOFF'ER, n. One who scoffs ; one that mocks, derides or
reproaches in the language of contempt ; a scorner.
SCOFF'ING, ppr. Deriding or mocking ; treating with re-
proachful language.
SCOFF'ING-LY, adv. In mockery or contempt ; by way of
derision. Broome.
SCoLD, V. i. [D. schelden ; G. schelten.] To find fault or
rail with rude clamor ; to brawl ; to utter railing, or harsh,
riide, boisterous rebuke ; with at.
SCoLD, V. t. To chide with rudeness and boisterous clam-
or ; to rate. Boswell.
SCoLD, n. 1. A rude, clamorous, fonl-mouthed woman
Swift. 2. A scolding ; a brawl.
SCoLD'ER, 71. One that scolds or rails.
SCoLD ING, ppr. 1. Railing with clamor ; uttering le
buke in rude and boisterous language. 2. a. Given to
scolding.
SCoLD'ING, 71. The uttering of rude, clamorous language
by way of rebuke or railing ; railing language.
SCoLD'ING-LY, adv. With rude clamor or railing.
SCOL'LOP, 71. 1. A pectinated shell ; [see Scallop.] 2.
An indenting or cut like those of a shell.
SCOL'LOP, V. t. To form or cut with scollops.
St. Synopsis. A 1, T, O, U,1r, long.— FAB., FA.L1., WH-^T ;— PRSY j— PIN, MARINE, BiRDj— f Obsolete,
SCO
729
SCO
S€OL-0-PEN'DRA, ». [Gr. axoXoirevSpa.] 1. A venom-
ous serpent. 2. A genus of insects. 3. [L. scolopendri-
um.] A plant.
I SeOMM, n. [L. scomma.] 1. A buffoon. 2. A flout ; a
jeer.
SCONCE, n. [D. schans ; G. schanze ; D. skands,] 1. A
fort or buiwark ; a work for defense ; [obs^] 2. A hang-
ing or projecting candlestick, generally with a mirror to
reflect the light. 3. The circular tube with a brim in a
candlestick, into which the candle is inserted. 4. A fix-
ed seat or shelf j [local.]
SCONCE, 71. [Dan. skwnner, skiiinsom.] 1. Sense; judg-
ment ; discretion or understanding. 2. The head ; [a
.ow word.'] 3. [qu. poll-tax.] A mulct or fine.
T SCONCE, V. t. To mulct ; to fine. Warton.
SCOOP, n. [H.schop; G. schuppe, schupp.] 1. A large la-
dle ; a vessel with a long handle fastened to a dish, used
for dipping liquors ; also, a little hollow piece of wood for
bailing boats. 2. An instrument of surgery. 3. A sweep 3
a stroke ; a swoop.
SCOOP, v.t. 1. To lade out ; properly, to take out with a
scoop or with a sweeping motion. 2. To empty by la-
ding. 3. To make hollow, as a scoop or dish ; to excavate.
4. To remove, so as to leave a place hollow.
SCOOPED, pp. Taken out as with a scoop or ladle; hol-
lowed ; excavated ; removed so as to leave a hollow.
SCOOP'ER, n. One that scoops ; also, a water-fowl.
SCOOP'ING, ppr. Lading out; making hollow; excavat-
ing ; removing so as to leave a hollow.
SCOOP'-NET, 71. A net so formed as to sweep the bottom
of a river.
SCOPE, n. [L. Scopus ; Gr. ckoitos.] 1. Space ; foom ; am-
plitude of intellectual view. 2. The limit of intellectual
view ; the end or thing to which the mind directs its
view ; that which is purposed to be reached or accom-
plished ; hence, ultimate design, aim or purpose ; inten-
tion ; drift. 3. Liberty ; freedom from restraint ; room
to move in. 4. Liberty beyond just limits ; license. 5.
Act of riot ; sally ; excess ; [obs.] Shak. 6. Extended
quantity ; [obs.] Davies. 7. Length ; extent ; sweep.
Mar. Language,
SCo'PI-FORM, a. [L. scopa, and form.] Having the form
of a broom or besom. Kirwan.
t SCOP'PET, V. t. To lade out. Bp. Hall.
JSCOP'TIC, ) a. [Gi. or/cwTTTtKos.] Scofiing. Ham-
t SCOP'TI-CAL, S -rnond.
tSCOP'LT-LOUS, a. [L. scopulosus.] Full of rocks; rocky,
t SCOR'BUTE, n. [L. scorbutics.] Scurvy. Purchas.
SCOR-BtJ'TIC, \ a. [Fr. scorbvMque.] 1. Affected or
SCOR-Bu'TI-CAL, \ diseased w^th scurvy. 2. Pertain-
ing to scurvy, or partaking of its nature. 3. Subject to
scurvy.
SCOR-BtJ'TI-CAL-LY, adv. With the scurvy, or with a
tendency to it.
SeORCE. See Scorse.
SCORCH, V. t. [D. schreeijen, schrooken.] 1. To burn su-
perficially ; to subject to a degree of heat that changes
the color of a thing, or both the color and texture of
the surface. 2. To burn ; to affect painfully with heat.
SCORCH, V. i. To be burnt on the surface ; to be parclied ;
to be dried up. Mortimer.
SCORCHED, pp. Burnt on the surface ; pained by heat.
SCORCH'ING, ppr. Burning on the surface; paining by
heat.
SCORCH'ING-FEN-NEL, n. A plant of the genus thapsia ;
deadly carrot. Lee.
SCOR'DI-UM, n. [L.] A plant, the water-germander.
SCORE, n. [Ir. scor, sgoram ; Sax. scor.] 1. A notch or
incision ; the number twenty. 2. A line drawn. 3. An
account or reckoning. 4. An account kept of something
past ; an epoch ; an era. 5. Debt, or account of debt. 6.
Account; reason; motive. 7. Account; sake. — 8. Inmzt-
sic, the original and entire draught of any composition, or
its transcript. — To quit scores, to pay fully ; to make even
by giving an equivalent. — A song in score, the words with
the musical ncles of a song annexed.
SCORE, V. t. 1. To notch ; to cut and chip for the purpose
of preparing for hewing. 2. To cut ; to engrave. 3. To
mark by a line. 4. To set down as a debt. 5. To set
down or take as an account ; to charge. 6. To form a
scf>re in music.
SCORED, ;jp. Notched ; set down ; marked ; prepared for
hewing. — In botamj, a scored stem is marked with parallel
lines or grooves.
SCo'RI-A, n. [L.] Dross ; the recrement of metals in
fusion, or the mass produced by melting metals and ores.
SeO-RT-A'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to dross ; like dross or
the recrement of metals ; partaking of the nature of sco-
ria.
SCOR-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. In metallurgy, the act or opera-
tion of reducing a body, either wholly or in part, into
scoria.
SCS'RI-FiED. pp. Reduced to scoria.
SCo'RI-FORM, a. [L. scoria, and form.] Like scoria-, in
the form of dross. Kirwan.]
SCo'RI-F5^, V. t. To reduce to scoria or drossy matter.
SCO'RI-F?-ING, ppr. Reducing to scoria.
SCoR'ING, ppr. Notching ; marking ; setting down as an
account or debt ; forming a score.
SCO'RI-OUS, a. Drossy ; recrementitious. Brown.
SCORN, n. [Sp. escarnio; Port, escarneo.] 1, Extreme
contempt ; that disdain which springs from a person's
opinion of the meanness of an object, and a consciousness
or belief of his own superiority or worth. 2. A subject
of extreme contempt, disdain or derision ; that which is
treated with contempt. — To think scorn, to disdain; to
despise; [obs.] Sidney. — To laugh to scorn, to deride ; to
make a mock of; to ridicule as contemptible.
SCORN, V. t. 1. To hold in extreme contempt ; to despise ;
to contemn ; to disdain. Job. xvi. 2. To think unwor-
thy ; to disdain. 3. To slight ; to disregard ; to neglect.
f SCORN, V. i. To scorn at, to scoff at ; to treat with con-
tumely, derision or reproach. Shak.
SCORNED, pp. Extremely contemned or despised ; dis-
dained.
SCORN'ER, n. 1. One that scorns ; a contemner; a despiser.
2. A scoffer; a derider; in Scripture, one who scoffs at
religion.
SCORN'FUL, a. 1. Contemptuous; disdainful; entertain-
ing scorii ; insolent. 2. Acting in defiance or disregard.
— 3. In Scripture, holding religion in contempt.
SCORN'FIJL-LY, adt). With extreme contempt ; contemp-
tuously ; insolently. Atterbury.
SCORN'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of being scornful.
SCORN'ING, ppr. Holding in great contempt ; despising ;
disdaining.
SCORN'ING, n. The act of contemning; a treating with
contempt, slight or disdain.
SCOR'PI-ON, 71. [Fr.; L. scorpio.] 1. ^n zoology, an insect
of the genus scorpio, or rather the genus itself, containing
several species, natives of southern or warm climates,
having a venomous sting. — 2. In Scripture, a painful
scourge ; a kind of whip armed with points like a scor-
pion's tail. 1 Kin^s xii, — 3. In astronorny, the eighth sign
of the zodiac, which the sun enters Oct. 23. 4. [L. scor-
pius.] A sea fish. Ainsworth. — W^ater-scorpioTi, an aquatic
insect of the genus nepa.
SCOR'PI -ON-FLY, 71. An insect of the genus jja7ior7ta, hav-
ing a tail which resembles that of a scorpion
SCOR'PI-ON-GRaSS, or SCOR'PI-ON'S TaIL,7i. A plant
of the genus scorpiurus.
SCOR'PI-ON-SEN-NA, n. A plant.
SCOR'PI-ON'S-THORN, 71. A plant of the genus ulex.
SCOR'PI-ON-WORT, n. A plant Parr.
f SCORSE, 71. [It. scorsa.] A course or dealing ; barter.
t SCORSE, V. t. 1. To chase. 2. To barter or exchange
t SCORSE, V. i. To deal for the purchase of a horse.
SCORT'A-TO-RY, a. [L. scortator.] Pertaining to or con-
sisting in lewdness.
SCOR'ZA, 71. In mineralogy, a variety of epidote.
SCOT, or SCOTCH, v. t. To support, as a wheel, by pla-
cing some obstacle to prevent its rolling.
SCOT, 71. [Sax. sceat ; Ice. skot ; D. schot ; Fr. ecot; It.
scotto ; Sp. escote.] In law and English history, a portion
of money, assessed or paid ; a tax.— Scoi and lot, parish
payments. When persons were taxed unequally, they
were said to pay scot and lot.
SCOT, 71. [Sax. scotta, scotte.] A native of Scotland.
SCOT'AL, ) 71. [scot and ale.] In law, the keeping of
SCOT'ALE, ) an alehouse by the officer of a forest, and
drawing people to spend their money for liquor, for fear
of his displeasure.
SCOTCH, a. Pertaining to Scotland or its inhabitants.
SCOTCH. See Scot, the verb.
t SCOTCH, V. t. [qu. Sax. sceadan.] To cut with shallow
incisions. Shak.
SCOTCH, n. A slight cut or shallow incision. Shak.
Si-'OTPPTT'— ^OT T OPS )
SCOTCHED-COL-LOPS, 1 ^- ^^^^ ^"^ '"^^ ^""^^ P^^*=«^-
SCOTCH'-HOP-PER, 71. A play in which boys hop over
scotches or lines in the ground. Locke.
SCo'TER, 71. The black diver or duck, a species of anas.
SCOT'FREE, a. 1. Free from payment or scot; untaxed.
2. Unhurt ; clear ; safe.
SCo'TIA, 71. In architecture, a semicircular cavity or chan-
nel between the tores in the bases of columns.
SCOT'ISH, ) a. Pertaining to the inhabitants of Scotland,
SCOT'TISH, \ or to their country or language.
SCo'TIST, n. [from Duns Scotus.] One of the followers
of Scotus, a sect of school divines.
SCOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. GKorwfja.] Dizziness or swimming of
the head, with dimness of sight.
SCOT'TER-TNG, n. A provincial word in Herefordshire,
England, denoting the burning of a wad of pease-straw
at the end of harvest. .Tohnson.
SCOT'TI-CISM, 71. An idiom or peculiar expression of the
natives of Scotland. Beattie.
*Sce Synops-J. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete.
SCR
730
SCR
ri€OT'TISU, See Scotish.
SeOUN'DEEL, n. [said to be from It. scondaruole.] A
mean, worthless fellow ; a rascal ; a low, petty villain ; a
man without honor or virtue. Pope.
SCOLTN'DREL, a. Low; base; mean; unprincipled.
SeOUN'DREL-ISM, n. Baseness; turpitude; rascality.
Cotgrave
S€OUR, V, t. [Goth, skauron ; Sax. scur ; D. schuuren ; G.
scheuern ; Dan. skurer.] 1. To rub hard with something
rough, for the purpose of cleaning. 2. To clean by fric-
tion ; to make clean or bright. 3. To purge violently. 4.
To remove by scouring. 5. To range about for taking all
that can be found. 6. To pass swiftly over; to brush
along.
S€OUR, V. i. 1. To perform the business of cleaning ves-
sels by rubbing. 2. To clean. 3. To be purged to excess.
4. To rove or range for sweeping or taking something.
5. To run with celerity ; to scamper.
SCOURED, pp. Rubbed with something rough, or made
clean by rubbing ; severely purged ; brushed along.
SeOUR'ER, 71. 1. One that scours or cleans by rubbing. 2.
A drastic cathartic. 3. One that runs with speed.
SCoURGE, (skurj) n. [Fr. escourgee ; It. scweggia.'] 1. A
whip ; a lash consisting of a strap or cord ; an instrument
of punishment or discipline. 2. A punishment ; vindic-
tive affliction. 3. He or that which greatly afflicts, harass-
es or destroys ; particularly, any continued evil or calam-
ity. 4. A whip for a top.
Se6UR6E, (skurj) v. t. [It. scoreggiare.] To whip
severely; to lash. 2. To punish with severity; to
chastise ; to afflict for s-ins or faults, and with the purpose
of correction. 3. To afflict greatly ; to harass, torment or
injure.
SeoURGED, (skurjd) pp. Whipped; lashed; punished
severely ; harassed.
S€oURG'ER, (skurj'er) n. One that scourges or punishes;
one that afflicts severely.
SeoURG'ING, p2)r. Whipping; lashing with severity;
punisliing or afflicting severely.
SeOUR'ING, ppr. Rubbing hard with something rough.
SeOUR'Ii\G, 71. A rubbing hard lor cleaning ; a cleansing
by a drastic purge ; looseness ; flux. Bacon.
SeOURSE. SeeScoRSE.
S€O0T, n. [Fr. ecout, ecouter ; It. scolta, scoltare ; L.
ausculto.l 1. In "military affairs, a. person sent before an
army, or to a distance, for the purpose of observing the
motions of an enemy or discovering any danger, and
giving notice to the general. 2. A high rock ; [obs.]
SeOUT, V. i. To go on the business of watching the mo-
tions of an enemy ; to act as a scout.
SeOUT, V. t. [perhaps Svv. skiuta.] To sneer at ; to treat
with disdain and contempt. [In use in jSmcrica.]
S€o'VEL, 71. [W. ysgubell ; L. scopa.] A mop for sweep-
ing ovens; a^maulkin. Ainsworth.
S€OW, 71. [D. schouw ; Dan. skude.] A large, flat-bottom-
ed boat ; used as a ferry-boat, or for loading and unload-
ing vessels. [In use in JVew England.']
S€OW, V. t. To transport in a scow.
SeOWL, V. i. [Sax. scul ; D. scheel, schielen.] 1. To
wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure ; to put
on a frowning look ; to look sour, sullen, severe or
angry. 2. To look g'oomy, frowning, dark or tempest-
uous.
SGOWL, V. t. To drive with a scowl or frowns.
S€OWL, 71. 1. The wrinkling of the brows in frowning ;
the expression of displeasure, suUenness or discontent in
the countenance. 2. Gloom ; dark or rude aspect.
SeOWL'ING, ppr. Contracting the brow's into wrinkles ;
frowning ; expressing displeasure or sullenness.
SeOWL'ING-LY, adv. With a wrinkled, frov/ning aspect ;
with a sullen look.
SGRAB'BLE, v. i. [D. krabbelen, krabben; G. krabbeln,
graben.] 1. To scrape, paw or scratch with the hands ; to
move along on the liands and knees by clawing with the
hands ; to scramble ; [commoii in JVew England.] 2. To
make irregular or crooked marks.
SGRAB'BLli], V. t. To mark with irregular lines or letters.
SGRAB'BLING, ppr. Scraping; scratching; scrambling;
making irregular marks.
S€RAF'FLE, v. i. 1. To scramble; to be industrious.
Brockett 2, To shuffle ; to act unfairly. Grose.
S€RAG. n. Something thin or lean Avith roughness.
SGRAG GED, ) a. 1. Rough with irregular points or a bro-
SCRAG'GY, \ ken surface. 2. Lean with roughness.
SGRAG'GED-NESS, or SGRAG'GI-NESS, n. Leanness, or
leanness with roughness ; ruggedness ; roughness occa-
sioned by broken, irregular points.
S€RAG'Gi-LY, adv. With leanness and roughness.
SGRAM'BLE, «. i. [D. schrammen.] 1. To move or climb
by seizing objects with the hand, and drawing the body
forward. 2. To seize or catcli eagerly at any thing that is
desired ; to catch with haste preventive of another ; to
catch at without ceremony.
SCRAM'BLE, n. 1. An eager contest for something, in
which one endeavors to get the thing before another. 9
The act of climbing by the help of the hands.
S€RAM'BLER, n. One who scrambles ; one who climbs by
the help of the hands.
SeRAM'BLING, ppr. 1. Clunbing by the help of the hands
2. Catching at eagerly and without ceremony.
SCRAM'BLlNG, n. 1. The act of climbing by the help of
the hands. 2. The act of seizing or catching at with ea-
ger haste and without ceremony.
SCRaNCH, v. t. [D. schranssen.] To grind with the teeth,
and with a crackling sound ; to craunch.
fSCRAN'NEL, a. Slight; poor. Milton.
SCRAP, n. [from scrape.] 1. A small piece ; a fragment :
a crum. 2. A part ; a detached piece ; as, scraps of histo-
ry or poetry. 3. A small piece of paper.
SCRAPE, V. t, [Sax. screopan ; D. sckraapen, schrabben ;
G. schrapen ; Sw. skrapa.] J. To rub the surface of any
thing with a sharp or rough instrument, or with some-
thing hard. 2. To clean by scraping. Lev. xiv. 3. Te
remove or take ofi" by rubbing. 4. To act upon the sur
face with a grating noise. — To scrape off, to remove b>
scraping; to clear away by rubbing.— To scrape together
to gather by close industry or small gains or savings.
SCRAPE, V. i. 1. To make a harsh noise. 2. To play
awkwardly on a violin. 3. To make an awkward bow
— To scrape acquaintance, to make one's self acquainted
to curry favor; [a low phrase.]
SCRAPE, n. [Dan. scrab ; ^w. skrap.] 1. A rubbing. 2.
The sound of the foot drawn over the floor. 3. A bow.
4. Difficulty ; perplexity ; distress ; that which harasses ;
[a loio word.]
SCRAPED, pp. Rubbed on the surface with a sharp or rough
instrument ; cleaned by rubbing ; cleared away by scra-
ping.
SCRaP'ER, 71. 1. An instrument with which any thing is
scraped. 2. An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, and
used for scraping earth in making or repairing roads, &c.
3. An instrument having two or three sides or edges, for
cleaning the planks, masts or decks of a ship, &c. 4, A
miser; one who gathers property by penurious diligence
and small savings ; a scrape-penny. 5. An awkward fid-
dler.
SCRaP'ING, ppr. Rubbing the surface with something
ssharp or hard ; cleaning by a scraper.
t SCRAT, V. t. To scratch. Burton.
t SCRAT, V. i. To rake ; to search.
f SCRAT, 71. A hermaphrodite. Skinner.
SCRATCH, V. t. [G. kratzen, ritzen, kritzeln; D. kratsen ■
Sw. kratsa.] 1. To rub and tear the surface of any thing
with something sharp or ragged. 2. To wound slightly.
3. To rub with the nails. 4. To write or draw awkward-
ly ; [obs.] 5. To dig or excavate with the claws.— To
scratch out, to erase ; to rub out ; to obliterate.
SCRATCH, V. i. To use the claws in tearing the surface.
SCRATCH, n. 1. A rent; a break in the surface of a thing
made by scratching, or by rubbing with anything pointed
or ragged. 2. A slight wound. 3. A kind of wig worn
for covering baldness or gray hairs, or for other purpose.
SCRATCHED, pp. Torn by the rubbing of something
rough or pointed.
SCRATCH'ER, n. He or that which scratches.
SCRATCH'ES, n. plu. Cracked ulcers on a horse's foot.
SCRATCH'ING, ppr. Rubbing with something pointed or
rough ; rubbing and tearing the surface.
SCRATCH'ING-LY, adv. With the action of scratching.
Sidney.
f SCR AW, n. [Irish and Erse.] Surface ; cut turf. Swift.
SCRAWL, V. t. [qu. D. schravelen.] 1. To draw or mark
awkwardly and irregularly. 2. To write awkwardly.
SCRAWL, V. i. I. To write unskillfully and inelegantly.
2. To creep ; to crawl.
SCRAWL, n. 1. Unskillful or inelegant writing; or a
piece of hasty, bad writing. Pope. — 2. In JVezo England, a
ragged, broken branch of a tree, or other brush-wood.
SCRAWL'ER, n. One who scrawls ; a hasty or awkward
writer.
SCRAY, 71. A fowl called the sea-swallow.
t SCRk'A-BLE, a. [L. screabilis.] That may be spit out.
SCREAK, V. i. [Sw. skrika ; Dan. skriger.] To utter sud-
denly a sharp, shrill sound or outcry ; to scream ; as in a
sudden fright ; also, to creak, as a door or wheel.
SCRkAK, 71. A creaking ; a screech.
SCReAM, v. i. [Sax. reomian, hrceman, or hreman.] 1 To
cry out with a shrill voice ; to utter a sudden, sharp out-
cry, as in a fright or in extreme pain ; to shriek. 2. To
utter a shrill, harsh cry.
SCReAM, 7t. A shriek, or sharp, shrill cry, uttered sud-
denly, as in terror or in pain ; or the shrill cry of a fowl.
SCReAM'ER, n. A fowl, or genus of fowls,
SCReAM'ING, ppr. Uttering suddenly a sharp, shrill cry ;
cryjng with a shrill voice.
SCReAM'ING, n. The act of crying out with a shriek of
terror or agony.
SCREECH, V. i. [Sw. skrika ; Dan. skriger ; G. schreien.]
S Synopsis A. E, I, 0. U, t, long.— FAB., FiVLL, WHA.T ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
SCR
731
sea
1. To cry out with a sbarp, shrill voice ; to utter a sudden
shrill cry, as in terror or acute pain ; to scream ; to shriek.
2. To utter a sharp cry, as an owl ; thence called screech-
owl.
SeREECH, n. 1. A sharp, shrill cry uttered in acute pain,
or in a sudden fright. 2. A harsh, shrill cry.
S€REECH'ING, ppr. Uttering a shrill or harsh cry.
SeREECH'~OWL, n. An owl that utters a harsh, disagree-
able cry at night.
SCREED, 71. With plasterers, the floated work behind a
cornice.
SCREEN, n. [Fr. ecran.] 1. Any thing that separates or
cuts off inconvenience, injury or danger; and hence, that
which shelters or protects from danger, or prevents incon-
venience. 2. A riddle or sieve.
SCREEN, V. t. 1. To separate or cut off from inconveni-
ence, injury or danger ; to shelter ; to protect ; to protect
by hiding; to conceal. 2. To sift or riddle; to separate
the coarse part of any thing from the fine, or the worth-
less from the valuable.
SCREENED, pp. Protected or sheltered from injury or dan-
ger; sifted.
SCREEN'ING, ppr. Protecting from injury or danger.
SCREW, n [D, schroef; G. schraube ; Dan. skruve, or
skrue ,• Sw skruf.] 1. A cylinder of wood or metal,
grooved spirally ; or a cylinder with a spiral channel or
thread cui in such a manner that it is equally inclined to
the base of the cylinder throughout the whole length.
2. One of the six mechanical powers.
SCREW, V. t. 1. To turn or apply a screw to ; to press,
fasten or make firm by a screw. 2. To force ; to squeeze ;
to press. 3. To oppress by exactions. 4. To deform by
contortions; to distort. — To screw out, to press out; to
extort.— To screw up, to force ; to bring by violent press-
ure. — To screw in, to force in by turning or twisting.
SCREWED, pp. Fastened with screws; pressed with
screws ; forced.
SCREW'ER, n. He or that which screws.
SCREWING, ppr. Turning a screw ; fastening or pressing
with a screw.
SCREW-TREE, n. A plant of the genus helicteres.
t SCRI-Ba'TIOUS, a. Skillful in or fond of writing.
B arrow.
SCRIB'BLE, V. t. [L. scrihillo.] 1. To write with haste, or
without care or regard to correctness or elegance. 2. To
fill with artless or worthless writing.
SCRIB'BLE, V. i. To write without care or beauty.
SCRIB'BLE, 11. Hasty or careless writing. Boyle.
SCRIBBLED, pp. Written hastily and without care.
SCRIB'BLER, n. A petty author ; a writer of no reputa-
tion.
SCRIBE, n. [Fr.; L. scriba.] I. In a general sense, a
writer. 2. A notary ; a public writer.— 3. In ecclesiasti-
cal meetings and associations in America, a secretary or
clerk ; one who records the transactions of an ecclesiastical
body.— 4. In Scripture, a clerk or secretary to the king.
2 Sam. viii. 5. An officer who enrolled or kept the rolls
of the army, and called over the names and reviewed
them. 2 C/i. xxvi. 6. A writer and a doctor of the law ;
a man of learning ; one skilled in the law ; one who
read and explained the law to the people. Ezra vii.
SCRIBE, V. t. To mark by a model or rule ; to mark so as
to fit one piece to another ; a term used by carpenters.
tSCRIKE, V. i. To cry out. See Screak.
jSCRl'MER, 71. [Fr. escWmewr.] A fencing-master.
SCRIMP, V. t. [Sw. skrumpen; D. krimpen.] To contract;
to shorten ; to make too small or short ; to limit or strait-
en. JVew England.
SCRIMP, a. Short; scanty.
SCRIMP, n. A pinching miser ; a niggard ; a close-fisted
person. JVew England.
SCRINE, n. [L. scrinium : Norm, escrin.'j A shrine ; a
chest, book-case or other place where writihgs or curiosi-
ties are deposited.
SCRIN6E, V. i. To cringe, of which this word is a corrup-
tion.
SCRIP, 71. [W. ysgrab, ysgrepan ; Sw. skrappa.] A small
bag ; a wallet ; a satchel.
SCRIP, 71. [L. scriptum, scriptio.] A small writing, certifi-
cate or schedule ; a piece of paper containing a writing.
f SCRIP'PAGE, n. That which is contained in a scrip.
t SCRIPT, 71. A scrip. Chaucer.
SCRIP'TO-RY, a. [L. scriptorius.] Written ; expressed in
writing ; not verbal. [Little used.] Swift.
SCRIPT'U-RAL, a. 1. Contained in the Scriptures, so call-
ed by way of eminence, that is, in the Bible. 2. Accord-
ing to the Scriptures or sacred oracles.
SCRIPT'U-RAL-IST, n. One who adheres literally to the
Scriptures and makes them the foundation of all philoso-
phy.
SCRIPT'URE, n. [L. scriptura.] 1. In its primary sense, a
writing ; any thhig written. — 2. Appropriately, and by
vay of distinction, the books of the Old and New Testa-
ment ; the Bible.
SCRIPT'U-RIST, n. One well versed in the Scriptures.
SCRI VE'NER, (skriv'ner) n. [W. ysgnvenwr : It. scrivano ,
Fr. ecrivain.] 1. A writer ; one whose occupation is to
draw contracts or other writings. 2. One whose business
is to place money at interest.
SCROF'U-LA, 71. [L.] A disease, called vulgarly the king's
evil, characterized by hard and scirrous tumors in the
glands of the neck, &c.
SCROF'U-LOUS, a. 1. Pertaining to scrofula, or partaking
of its nature. 2. Diseased or affected with scrofula.
SCROG, 71. [Sax. scroh.] A stunted shrub, bush or branch.
SCROLL, 71. [Fr. ecroue.] A roll of paper or parchment ;
or a writing formed into a roll.
SCRo'TUM, 71. The bag which contains the testicles,
f SCROYLE, 71. [Fr. ecrouelles ; D. schraal.] A mean fel-
low ; a wretch. Shak.
SCRUB, V. t. [Sw. skrubba ; Dan. skrubber ; D. schrobben ;
G. schrabben.] To rub hard, either with the hand or with
a cloth or an instrument; usually, to rub hard with a
brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose
of cleaning, scouring or making bright.
SCRUB, V. i. To be diligent and penurious.
SCRUB, 71. 1. A mean fellow ; one that labors hard and
lives meanly. 2. Something small and mean. 3. A worn-
out brush.
SCRUB'BED, I a. Small and mean ; stunted in growth.
SCRUB'BY, i Sicift.
SCRUDGE, V. t To crowd thickly together ; to squeeze.
Grose.
SCRUF, for scurf, not in use.
SCRtJ'PLE, 71. [Fr. scj-upule ; L. scrupulus, scrupulum.] 1.
Doubt ; hesitation from the difficulty of determining
what is right or expedient ; backwardness ; reluctance to
decide or to act. 2. A weight of 20 grains, the third
part of a dram; among goldsmiths, the weight of 24
grains. — 3. Proverbially, a very small quantity. — 4. In
Chaldean chronology, the yo'V'O' ^^''^ ^^ ^^ hour.
SCRU'PLE, V. i. To doubt ; to hesitate. Milton.
SCRU'PLE, V. t. To doubt; to hesitate to believe; to
question.
SCRU'PLED, pp. Doubted ; questioned.
SCRU'PLER, n. A doubter ; one who hesitates.
SCRUPLING, ppr. Doubting; hesitating; questioning,
t SCRu'PU-LiZE, V. t. To perplex with scruples. Moun-
taa-u.
SCR'U-PU-LOS'I-TY, 71. [L. scrupulositas.] L The quality
or state of being scrupulous ; doubt ; doubtfulness respect-
ing some difficult point, or proceeding from the difficulty
or delicacy of determining how to act ; hence, the caution
or tenderness arising from the fear of doing wrong or of-
fending. 2. Nicety of doubt ; or nice regard to exactness
and propriety. 3. Niceness ; preciseness.
SCRU'PU-LOUS, a. [L. scrupulosus ; Fr. scrupuleux.] 1
Nicely doubtful ; hesitating to determine or to act; cau
tious in decision from a fear of ofl^ending or doing wrong.
2. Given to making objections ; captious. 3. Nice ; doubt-
ful ; [obs.] 4. Careful ; cautious ; exact in regarding
facts. S.Nice; exact. Foley.
SCRu'PU-LOUS-LY, ado. With a nice regard to minute
particulars or to exact propriety. Taylor.
SCRu'PU-LOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being
scrupulous ; niceness, exactness or caution in determin-
ing or in acting, from a regard to truth, propriety or ex-
pedience.
SCRU'TA-BLE, a. Discoverable by inquiry or critical ex-
amination. Decay of Piety.
t SCRU-Ta'TION, 71. Search ; scrutiny.
SCRU-Ta'TOR, 71. [L.] One that scrutinizes ; a close ex
aminer or inquirer. [Little used.] Jiijliffe.
SCRU-TI-NEER', 71. A searcher ; an examiner.
SCBu'TI-NIZE, v. t. To search closely ; to examine or in-
quire into critically.
SCRu'TI-NIZED, 'pp. Examined closely.
SCRu'TI-NiZ ING, ppr. Inquiring into with critical mi-
nuteness or exactness.
SCRu'TI-NiZ-ER, 71. One who examines with critical
care.
SCRU'TI-NOUS, a. Closel-y inquiring or examining ; cap-
tious. Denham.
SCRU'TI-NY, 71. [Fr. scrutin ; It. scrutinio ; Sp. escrutinio
IjOW L. scrutinium.] I. Close search ; minute inquiry
critical examination. — 2. In the primitive church, an ex-
amination of catechumens in the last week of Lent, who
were to receive baptism on Easter-day. — 3. In the ca7io7i
law, a ticket or little paper billet on which a vote Is writ-
ten.
t SCRtJ'TI-NY, ?:. t. The same as scrutinize.
SCRU-ToIR', (skru-tore') 71. [Fr. ecritoire.] A kind of desk,
case of drawers or cabinet, with a lid opening downward
for the convenience of writing on it.
SCRtJZE, V. t. To crowd ; to squeeze. [A low word ~
SCUD, V. i. [Dan. skyder, skud; Sw. skudda.] '. In a
general sense, to be driven or to flee or fly with haste .-^
* See Synopsis. MOVE BQQK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
scu
7.'^
SEA
In seameri'a language, to be driven with precipjtatlon be-
fore a tempest. 2. To run with precipitation ; to fly.
S€UD, v. t. To pass over quickly. Sheiistone.
IS€UD, 71. 1. A low, thin cloud, or thin clouds driven by
the wind. 2. A driving along ; a rushing with precip-
itation.
S€tTD'DING, ppr. Diiving or being driven before a tempest ;
running with fleetness.
SeUD'DLE, V. i. To run with a kind of affected haste ;
commonly pronounced scuttle. \A low word.]
SeUF'FLE, n. [This is a different orthograpliy of shuffle ;
Sw. skuff, skuffa ; Dan. skuffe.] 1. A contention or trial
of strength betw&en two persons, who embrace each
other's bodies ; a struggle with close embrace, to decide
which shall throw the other. 2. A confused contest ; a
tumultuous struggle for victory or superiority ; a fight.
SeUF'FLE, V i. 1. To strive or struggle with close em-
brace, as two men or boys. 2. To strive or contend tu-
niultuously, as small parties.
SeUF FLER, 71 One who scuffles.
StJUF'FLING, ppr. Striving for superiority with close e.m-
brace ; struggling or contending without order.
SeUG, V t [Dan. skygger.] To hide. [Local.] Grose.
g€ULK, V. i. [Dan. skiuler ; Sw. skyla.] To retire into a
close or covered place for concealment ; to lurk ; to lie
close from shame, fear of injury or detection.
S€ULK'ER, 77. A lurker ; one that lies close for hiding.
SeULK'lNG, ppr. Withdrawing into a close or covered
place for concealment ; lying close.
SeULL, 71. 1. The brain-pan ; [see Skull.] 2. A boat ; a
cock-boat; [see Sculler.] 3. One who sculls a boat.
4. A short oar, whose loom is only equal in length to half
the breadth of the boat to be rowed, so that one man can
manage two, one on each side. 5. [Sax. sceole.] A shoal
or multitude of fish ; [obs.]
S€(JLL, V. t. To impel a boat by moving and turning an
oar over the stern. Mar. Diet.
SeULL'-€AP. See Skull-cap.
SCULL'ER, 71. 1. A boat rowed by one man with two
sculls or ?hort oars. 2. One that sculls, or rows with
sculls ; one that impels a boat by an oar over the stern.
SCCJLL'ER-Y, n [Fr. ecuelle ; Scot, skul, skolL] A place
where dishes, kettles and other culinary utensils are kept.
SGULL'ION, 77. [Ir. sguille.] A servant that cleans pots
and kettles, and does other menial services in the kitchen.
f S€ULL'ION-LY, a. Like a scullion ; base ; low ; mean.
fSGULP, V. t. [L. sculpo.] To carve ; to engrave.
S€ULP'TILE, a. [L. sciilptiUs.] Formed by carving.
SCULPTOR, 71. [L.] One whose occupation is to carve
wood or stone into images j a carver. Encyc.
SeULPT'URE, 71. [Fr. ; L. sculptura.] 1. The art of cai-v-
ing, cutting or hewing wood or stone into images of men,
beasts or other things. 2. Carved work. 3. "The art of
engraving on copper.
SeULPT'URE, V. t. To carve ; to engrave ; to form images
or figures with the chisel on wood, stone or metal.
S€ULPT'URED,pj7. Carved; engraved.
SeULPT'UR-ING, pp-. Carving; engraving.
SCUM, 77. [Fr. ecume ,• It. schiinna; Sw.,J)an. skum.] 1.
The extraneous matter or impurities which rise to the
surface of liquors in boiling or fermentation, or which
form on the surface by other means. 2. The refuse ; the
recrement ; that which is vile or worthless.
SCUM, ;;. t. To take the scum from ; to clear off the impure
matter from the surface ; to skim.
SeUM'BER, 71. The dung of the fox. Ainsworth.
SCUMMED, pp. Cleared of scum ; skimmed.
SeUM'MER, 71. [Fr. ecumoire.] An instrument used for
taking off the scum of liquors ; a skimmer.
SCUM'MING, ppr Clearing of scum ; skimming.
SCUJM MINGS, 77 plu. The matter skimmed from boiling
liquors. Edwards, W. Indies.
SCUPPER, 77. [Sp. e.sc77p?>.] The scvppers or scupper-holes
of a ship are channels cut through the water-ways and
Sides of a ship at proper distances, and lined with lead
fur carrying off the water from the deck.
S-GUP'PER-HOSE, n. A leathern pipe attached to the mouth
of the scuppers of the lower deck of a ship, to prevent the
water from ejitering.
SCUP'PER-NaIL, 77. A nail with a very broad head for
covering a large surface of the hose. Mar. Diet.
SCUP'PER-PLUG, 77. A plug to stop a scupper.
SCURF, 77. [Sax. scurf; G. schorf ; D. schurft : Dan. skurv ;
Sw. skorf.^ 1. A dry miliary scab or crust formed on the
skin of an animal. 2. The soil or foul remains of any
thing adherent. 3. Any thing adhering to the surface.
SCURFF, 7!. Another name for the bull-trout.
SeURF'I-NESS, 77. The state of being scurfy.
SCURF' Y, a 1. Having scurf; covered with scurf. 2. Re-
sembling scurf.
SCUR'RIL, a. [L. scurrilis.] Such as befits a buffoon or
vulgar jester ; low ; mean ; grossly opprobrious in lan-
guage ; scurrilous. Dryden.
S€UR-RIL'I-TY, n. [L. scurrilitas ; Fr. scurrilite.] Such
low, vulgar, indecent or abusive language, as is used by
mean fellows, buffoons, jesters and the like ; grossness of
reproach or invective ; obscene jests, &.c.
SCCJR'RiL-OUS, a. 1. Using the low and indecent language
of the meaner sort of people, or such as only the license
of buffoons can warrant. 2. Containing low indecency or
abuse ; mean ; foul ; vile ; obscenely jocular.
SCUR'RIL-OUS-LY, adv. With gross reproach ; with low,
indecent language. Tillotson.
SCUR'RIL-OUS-JS'ESS, 71. Indecency of language; vulgar-
ity ; baseness of manners.
SCUR'VI-LY, adv. [from scurvy.] Basely ; meanly ; with
coarse and vulgar incivility. Swift.
SCUR'Vl-NESS, n. The state of being scurvy.
SCUR'VO-GEL, 77. A Brazilian fowl of the stork kind.
SCUR'VY, 71. [from 50777-/ ; Low Tu. scorbutus.] A disease
characterized by great debility ; most incident to persons
who live confined, or on salted meats without fresh vege-
tables in cold climates.
SCUR'VY, a. 1. Scurfy ; covered or affected by scurf or
scabs ; scabby ; diseased with scurvy. 2. Vile ; mean ;
low ; vulgar ; worthless ; contemptible. Swift.
SCUR'VY-GRASS, 77. A plant ; spoonworl.
'SCUS'ES, for excuses. Shak.
SCUT, 71. [Ice. skott ; W. cwt.] The tail of a hare or other
animal whose tail is short. Swifi.
SCd'TAGE, 7(. [LawLi. scutagium,] In English history, a.
tax or contribution levied upon those who held lands by
knight service.
SCUTCH'EON. A contraction of escutcheon, which see.
SCUTE, 71. [L. scutum.] A French gold coin of 3s. 'id. ster-
ling.
SCu'TEL-LA-TED, a. [L. scutella.] Formed like a pan ,
divided into small sui-faces. Woodioard.
SCU'TI-FORM, a. [L. scutum, and/urT/i.] Having the form
of a buckler or shield.
SCUT'TLE, n. [L. scutella ; Sax. scutel, scuttel.] A broad,
shallow basket ; so called from its resemblance to a dish.
SCUT'TLE, 77. [Fr. ecoutUle ; Arm. scoutilh ; Sp. escotilla ;
Sax. scyttel.] 1. In ships, a small hatchway or opening in
the deck, large enough to admit a man, and with a lid for
covering it ; also, a like hole in the side of a ship, and
through the coverings of her hatchways, &c. 2. A square
hole in the roof of a house, with a lid. 3. [from scud, and
properlv scuddleA A quick pace ; a short run.
SCUT'TLE, V. i. To run witli affected precipitation.
SCUT'TLE, V. t. 1. To cut large holes through the bottom
or sides of a ship for any purpose. 2. To sink by making
holes through the bottom.
SCUTTLE-BUTT, ) 77. A butt or cask having a square
SCUT'TLE-CaSK, \ piece sawn out of its bilge, and
lashed upon deck.
SCUT'TLED, pp. Having holes made in the bottom or
sides ; sunk Ijy means of cutting holes in the bottom or side
SCUT'TLE-FiSH, ?7. The c77ttZe-/,srt, so called.
SCUT'TLING, ppr. Cutting holes in the bottom or sides
sinking by such holes.
SCYT'ALE, 7i. A species of serpent.
SCYTHE. A wrong spelling. See Stthe.
SCYTH'IAN, a. Pertaining to Scythia.
SCl^TII'IAN, 77. A native of Scythia.
t SDaIN, for disdain. [It. sdegnare.] Spenser.
t SDEIN'FIJL, for disdainful. Spenser.
SeA, (see) 77. [Sax. sm, secge ,• G. see ; D. zee ; Sw. sio.] 1.
A large basin, cistern or laver which Solomon made in
the temple. 2. A large body of water, nearly inclosed by
land, as the Baltic. 3. The ocean ; as, to go to sea. 4
A wave ; a billow ; a surge. 5. The swell of the ocean
in a tempest, or the direction of the waves. — 6. Proverbi-
ally, a large quantity of liquor. 7. A rough or agitated
place or element.— Half seas over, half drunk ; [a low
phrase.] Spectator. — 07i the high seas, in the open sea, the
^ommon highway of nations.
SeA-A-NEM'O-NY, 77. The animal flower, which see.
SeA'-APE, 77. The name of a marine animal.
SeA'-BANK, 7!. 1. The sea shore. Shak. 2. A bank or
jiiole to defend against the sea.
SeA'-BAR, 71. The sea-swallow. Johnson.
SeA'-BAT, 77. A sort of flying-fish. Cotgrave.
SeA'-BaTHED, a. [sea and bathe.] Bathed, dipped or
washed in the sea. Sandys.
SeA'-BEaR, 77. An animal of the bear kind that frequenta
the sea ; the white or polar bear ; also, the ursine seal.
SeA'-BEARD, 77. A marine plant, conferva rupestris.
SeA'-BeAST, n. [sea and beast.] A beast or monstrous
_animal^of the sea. Milton.
SeA'-BeAT, } a. [sea and heat.] Beaten by the sea,
SeA'-BeAT-EN, \ lashed by the waves.
SeA'BoARD, n. [sea, and Fr. bord.] The sea shore.
SeA 'Board, adv. Towards the sea.
SeA'-BoAT, 77. A vessel that bears the sea firmly, without
Jatioring or straining her masts and rigging.
SeA'-BoRD, ) a. [sea, and Fr. bord.] Bordering
SeA'-BORD'ER-ING, on the sea or ocean.
* See Synopsis A E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete
SEA
733
SEA
SfiA'-BORN, a. [sea and born.] 1. Born c he sea; pro-
duced by the sea. 2. Born at sea.
SkA'-BOUND, la. [sea and bound.] Bca-Tided by the
SeA'-BOUND-ED, \ sea.
SeA'-BOY, n A boy employed on shipboard.
SeA'-BReACH, n. [sea and breach.] Irruption of the sea
_by breaking the banks. L^Estrange.
SeA-BReAM, n. A fish of the spams kind.
SeA'-BREEZE, n. A wind or current of air blowing from
_the sea upon land.
SeA'-BUILT, a. Built for the sea. Dryden.
SEA-eAB'BA6E, ) n. Sea-colewort, a plant of the genus
SeA'-CaLE, \ crambe.
SeA'-€ALF, n. The common seal, a species of phoca.
SeA'-€AP, n. A cap made to be worn at sea.
SeA'-€ARD, n. The mariner's card or compass.
SeA'-€ARP, n. [sea and carp.] A spotted fish living among
rocks and stones. Johnson.
SeA'-CHaN6E, n. A change wrought by the sea.
SeA'-CHART, 71. A chart or map on which the line of the
jhore, isles, shoals, harbors, &c. are delineated.
SEA'-CiR'€LED, a. Surrounded by the sea.
SeA'-€oAL, m. Coal brought by sea ; a vulgar name for
fossil coal, in distinction from charcoal.
SeA'-€oAST, n. The shore or border of the land adjacent
Jo the sea or ocean.
SeA'-€OB, n. A fowl, called, also, sea-gull.
SeA'-€oLE-W6RT, n. Sea-cale, which see.
SeA'-CoM-PASS, 71. [sea and compass.] The mariner's
card and needle ; the compass constructed for use at sea.
SeA'-€OOT, 71. A sea {owl,fulica marina.
SeA-€OR'MO-RANT, n. The sea-crow or sea-drake.
SeA'-€OW, n. [sea and cow.] The trichechus manatus.
SeA'-€RoW, n. A fowl of the gull kind.
SeA'-DEV-IL, n. The fishing-frog or toad-fish.
SeA'-DOG, 7i. 1. A fish. 2. The sea-calf or common seal.
SeA'-DR AG-ON, n. A marine monster caught in England,
Jn 1749. Oent. Magazine.
SeA'-EAR, 71. A sea plant, a^iris marina. Johnson.
SeA'-EEL, n. An eel caught in salt water ; the conger.
SEA'-EN-CiR'€LED, a. [sea and encircled.] Encompassed
by thesea. Thomson.
SeA'-FaR-ER, 71. One that follows the seas ; a mariner.
SeA'-FaR-ING, a. Following the business of a seaman ;
customarily employed in navigation.
SeA'-FEN-NEL, n. The same as samphire.
SeA'-FiGHT, 71. An engagement between ships at sea ; a
naval action. Bacon.
SeA'-FISH, 71. Any marine fish.
SeA'-FOWL, 71. [sea and fowl.] A marine fowl.
SeA'-FOX, n. A species of sgualus.
SeA'-GaGE, 71. [sea and gage.] The depth that a vessel
sinks in the water. Encyc.
SeA'-GAR-LAND, 71. [sea and garland.] A plant.
SeA'-GiR-DLES, n. A sort of sea mushroom. Johnson.
SeA'-GIRT, a. [sea and girt.] Surrounded by the water of
_the sea or ocean. Milton.
SeA'-GOD, n. [sea and god.] A marine deity.
SeA'-GOWN, n. A gown or garment with short sleeves.
SeA'-GRASS, 71. A plant growing on the sea shore.
SeA'-GREEN, a. [sea and green.] Having the color of sea
water ; being of a faint green color. Locke.
SeA'-GREEN, 71. 1. The color of sea water. 2. A plant.
SeA'-GULL, 71. [sea and gull.] A fowl of the genus larus ;
a species of gull ; called, also, sea-crow.
SeA'-HARE, n. [sea and hare.] A marine animal.
SeA'-HEDGE-HOG, 71. A sea shell, a species of echinus.
SeA'-HEN, 71. Another name of the guillemot.
SeA'-HOG, n. [sea and hog.] The porpoise, which see.
SeA'-HOL-LY, 71. A plant of the genus eryngium.
SeA'-HoLM, 71. [sea, and Dan. AoZm.] 1. A small, unin-
habited isle. 2. Sea-holly. Carew.
SeA'-HORSE, n. 1. In ichthyology, the morse. 2. The
hippopotamus, or river-horse 3. A fish of the needle-fish
kind.
SeA'-LEGS, 71. The ability to walk on a ship's deck when
pitching or rolling. Mar. Diet.
SeA'-LEM-ON, v-. [sea and lemon.] A marine animal.
SeA'-LiKE, a [sea and like.] Resembling the sea.
SeA'-LI-ON, 7*. An animal of the genus phoca or seal.
SeA'-MaID, n. l._The meiinaid. 2. A sea nymph.
SeA'-MALL, or SeA'-MEW, n. A fowl, a species of gull
or larus.
SeA'MAN, n. [sea and 7;ia7i. J ]. A sailor ; a mariner. — 2.
By way of distinction, a skillful mariner ; also, a man who
is well versed in the art of navigating ships. 3. Merman,
Jhe male of the mermaid ; [little used.] Locke.
SeA'MAN-SHIP, 71. The skill of a good seaman ; an ac-
quaintance with the art of mans-ging and navigating a
ship.
SeA'-MARK, n. Any elevated object on land which serves
for a direction to mariners in entering a harbor, or in sail-
ing along or approaching a coast ; a beacon.
SEA'-MEW, n. A fowl, a species of gull or larus.
SeA'-MON-STER, n. A huge marine animal.
SeA'-MOSS, 71. A name given to coral.
SEA'-MOUSE, 71. A marine animal.
SeA'-NA-VEL-W6RT, 71. A plant. Johnson.
SeA'-NEE-DLE, n. A name of the gar or garfish.
SeA'-NET-TLE, 71. Another name of the animal flower
or sea-anemony. Encyc.
SeA'-NURSED, a. Nursed by the sea. J. Barlow.
SeA'-NYMPH, 71. A nymph or goddess of the sea.
SeA'-oN'ION, n. [sea and onion.] A plant. Ainsworth.
SeA'-OOZE, n. [sea and ooze.] The soft mud on or near
the sea-shore Mortimer.
SeA'-OT-TER, 71. A species of otter.
SeA'OWL, 71. Another name of the lump-fish.
SeA'-PAD, 71. The star-fish, stella 7aarina.
SeA'-PAN-THER, n A fish like a lamprey.
SeA'-PIIEAS'ANT, n._ The pin-tailed duck.
SeA'-PiE, or SeA'-PyE, n. A fowl of tlie genus hcemato-
pus, and grallic ordei;
SeA'-PiE, n. A dish of food consisting of paste and meat
boiled together.
SeA'-PIeCE, 71. A picture representing a scene at sea.
SeA'-PLANT, n. A plant that grows in salt water.
SeA'-POOL, 7i. A lake of salt water. Spenser.
SeA'-PoRT, 71. [sea and port.] 1. A harbor near the sea,
formed by an arm of the sea or by a bay. 2. A city or
town situated on a harbor, on or near the sea.
SeA-RE-SEM'BLING, a. Like the sea ; sea-like.
SeA'-RISK, 71. Hazard or risk at sea.
SeA'-ROB-BER, n. [sea and robber.] A pirate ; one that
jobs on the high seas.
SeA'-ROGK-ET, 71. A plant of the genus bunias.
SeA'-ROOM, 71. Ample space or distance from land, shoals
or rocks.
SeA'-Ro-VER, n. ]. A pirate ; one that cruises for plun-
der. 2. A ship or vessel that is employed in cruising for
plunder
SeA'-RUFF, n. A kind of sea fish. [L. orpkus.]
S|A-S€OR'PI-ON, n. The fatherlasher.
SeA'-SER-PENT, 71. [sea and serpent.] A huge animal
Jike a serpent inhabiting the sea. Outhrie.
SeA'-SER-VICE, 71. [sea and service.] Naval .service; ser-
vice in the navy or m ships of war.
SeA'-S'HARK,7i. a ravenous sea fish. Shak.
SeA'-SHELL n. [sea and shsll.] A marine shell ; a shell
Jhat grows iii the sea. Mortimer.
SeA'-SHoRE, 71. [sea and shore.] Tha coast of the sea ,
Jhe land that lies adjacent to the sea or ocean.
SeA'-SIGK, a. Affected with sickness or nausea by means
j)f the pitching or rolling of a vessel. Sicift.
SeA'-SI€K-NESS, n. The sickness or nausea occasioned
J)y the pitching and rolling of a ship in an agitated sea.
SeA'-SiDE,7/. The land bordering on the sea; the country
jidjacent to the sea, or near it. Pope.
SeA'-STAR, 71. [sea and star.] The star fish.
SeA'-STTR'GEoN, n. A surgeon employed on shipboard.
SeA-SUR-ROUND'ED, a. Encompassed by the sea.
SeA'-TERM, 71. A word or term used appropriately by sea
jnenj or peculiar to tue art of navigation.
SeA'-THIeF, n. [sea and thief.] A pirate.
SeA'-ToAD, n. An ug?y fish, so called. Cotgrave
SeA'-ToRN, a. [sea and torn.] Torn by or at sea.
SeA'-TOSSED, a. Tossed by the sea. Shak.
SeA'-UR-CHIN, n. A genus of marine animals.
SeA'-WALLED, a. Surrounded or defended by the sea.
SeA'WARD, a. Directed towards the sea. Donne.
SeA'WARD, adv, TowarCE the sea Drayton.
SeA'-WA-TER, 71. [sea arid water.] Water of the sea or
ocean, which is salt. Baccn.
SeA'-WEED, 71. [sea and weed.] A marine plant.
SeA'-WITH-WIND, n. Bindweed.
SEA'-WOLF, 71. A fish of the genus anarrhicas.
SeA'-WoRM-WOOD, 71. A sort of worm wood. Lee.
SeA-WoR'THI-NESS, 71. The state of being able to re-
sist the ordinary violence of wind and weather ; applied
to a ship.
SeA'-WoR-THY, a. Fit for a voyage ; worthy of being
jrusted to transport a cargo with safety.
Seal, n. [Sax. seol, sele, syle ; Sw. sial.] The common
jiame for the species of the genus phoca.
Seal, 71, [Sax. sigel, sigle ; G. siegel ; L. sigillum ; It. si-
gillo ; Sp. sigilo?] 1 A piece of metal or other hard sub-
stance, usually round or oval, on which is engraved some
image or device used for making impressions on wax. 2.
The wax set to an instrument, and impressed or stamped
with a seal. 3. The wax or wafer that makes last a letter
or other paper. 4. Any act of confirmation. 5. That which
confirms, ratifies or makes stable ; assurance. 2 Tim. ii
6. That which effectually shuts, confines or secures ; that
jvhich makes fast. Rev. xx.
Seal. v. t. [Sw. besegla, forsegla ; Dan. besegler,forseg-
ler ; G. siegeln.] 1 To fasten with a seal ; to attach to-
gether with a wafer or with wax. 2. To set or afl[ix a
seal as a mark of authenticity. 3. To confirm ; to ratity ;
See Syjiopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
SEA
734
SEC
to establish. 4. To shut or keep close. 5. To make fast.
6. To mark with a stamp, as au evidence of standard ex-
actness, legal size, or merchantable quality. 7. To keep
secret. 8. To mark as one's property, and secure from
danger. Cant.iv. 9. To close ; to fulfill 3 to complete;
with up. Dan. ix. 10. To imprint on the mind. Job
xxxiii. 11. To inclose ; to hide ; to conceal. Job xiv.
12. To confine; to restrain. Job xxxvii. — 13. In archi-
tecture, to fix a piece of wood or iron in a wall with ce-
jnent.
Seal, V i. To fix a seal. [Umisual] Shak.
Sealed, pp. Furnished with a seal ; fastened with a seal ;
confirmed • closed.
SeAL'ER, n 1. One who seals; an officer iu chancery
who seals writs and instruments. — 2. In JVew England,
an officer to examine and try weights and measures.
SeAL'ING, ppr. Fixing a seal ; fastening with a seal ;
confirming ; closing ; keeping secret.
SeAL'ING, n. [from seal, the animal.] The operation of
taking seals and curing their skins.
SEALaNG-VOY-ACE, n. A voyage for the purpose of
jtilling seals and obtaining their skins.
SeAL'ING-WAX, n. [sec/ and wax.] Hard wax used for
sealing letters.
Seam, n. [Sax. seam ; D. zoom ; G. saum ; Dan. sojn.] 1.
The suture or uniting of two edges of cloth by the needle.
2. The joint or juncture of planks in a ship's side or
deck ; or rather the intervals between the edges of boards
or planks in a floor, &c. — 3. In mines, a vein or stratum
of metal, ore, coal and the like. 4. A cicatrix or scar.
5. A measure of eight bushels of corn ; or the vessel that
contains it.
■f SeAM, n. [Sax. seim ; W. saim.] Tallow ; grease ;
Jard.
SeAM, v. t. 1. To fonn a seam ; to sew or otherwise unite.
2. To mark with a cicatrix ; to scar. Pope.
SeA'MAN. Sec under Sea.
Seamed, pp. Marked with seams ; having seams.
Seaming, ppr. Marking with scars ; making seams.
SeAM'LESS, a. Having no seam.
SkAM'-RENT, 71. [seam and rent.] The rent of a seam ;
the separation of a suture.
SeAM STER, n. One that sews well, or whose occupation
js to sew.
SeAM'STRESS, n. [that is, seamsteress ; Saji. seamestre.]
A woman whose occupation is sewing.
SeAM'Y, a. Having a seam ; containing seams.
SeAN, n. A net. See Seine.
SeA'POY, or Se'POY, n. [Pers. sipahi ; Hindoo, sepahai.]
A native of India in the military service of an European
jjower.
SeAR, v. t. [Sax. searan.] 1. To burn to dryness and hard-
ness the surface of any thing ; to cauterize ; to expose to
. a degree of heat that changes the color of the surface, or
makes it hard. 2. To wither ; to dry. 3. To make cal-
lous or insensible. — To sear up, to close by searing or cau-
terizing ; to stop.
SeAR, a. Dry ; withered. Milton. Ray.
SEIARCE, (sers) v. t. To sift ; to bolt ; to separate the fine
part of meal from the coarse. \ Little used.] Mortimer.
SEARCE, (sers) n. A sieve ; a bolter. [Little used.]
SEAR'CER, (sers'er) n. One that sifts or bolts. [L. u.]
SEARCH, (serch) v.t. [Fr. chercher ; It. cercare.] 1. To
look over or through for the purpose of finding something ;
to explore: to examine by inspection. 2. To inquire ; to
seek for. 3. To probe ; to seek the knowledge of by
feeling with an instrument. 4. To examine ; to try. Ps.
cxxxix. — To search out, to seek tiU found, or to find by
seeking.
SEARCH, (serch) v.i.. 1. To seek ; to look for; to make
search. 2. To make inquiry ; to inquire. — To search for,
to look for ; to seek ; to try to find.
SEARCH, (serch") n. 1. A seeking or looking for something
that is lost, or the piace of which is unknown. 2. In-
quiry ; a seeking. 3. Quest ; pursuit for finding.
SEARCH'A-BLE, (serch'a-bl) a. That may be searched or
explored. Cotgrave.
SEARCH'ED, (sercht) pp. Looked over carefully ; explor-
ed ; examined.
SEARCH'ER, (serch'er) n. 1. One who searches, explores
or examines for the purpose of finding something. 2. A
seeker; an inquirer. 3. An examiner; a trier. 4. An
officer in London, appointed to examine the bodies of the
dead, and report the cause of their death. G. An inspec-
tor of leather. — 7. In military affairs, an instrument for
examining ordnance, to ascertain whether guns have any
cav^.ties in them. 8. An instrument used in the inspec-
tion of butter, &.c. to ascertain the quality of that which
is contained in firkins ; [local.] Mass.
SEAKCHING, (serching) ppr. 1. Looking into or over;
exploring ; examining ; inquiring ; seeking ; investiga-
ting. 2. a. Penetrating ; trying ; close.
SEARCH'fNG, (serch'ing) n. Examination ; severe inqui-
sition. Judges V.
SEARCH'LESS, (serch'les) a. Inscrutable eluding search
or investigation.
SeAR'-CLOTH, n. [Sax. sar-clath.] A cloth to cover a
^ore ; a plaster. Mortimer.
SeARED, pp. Burnt on the surface ; cauterized
SeAR'ED-NESS, n. The state of being searea, cauterized
^r hardened ; hardness ; insensibility.
SEA 'SON, (se'zn) 71. [Fr saison.] 1. A fit or suitable time ;
the convenient time ; the usual or appointed time. 2.
Any time, as distinguished from others. 3. A tune of
some continuance, but not long. 4. One of the four divi-
sions of the year, spring, summer, autumn, winter. 'I'o
be in season, to be in good time ; sufficiently early. To
he out of season, to be too late, beyond the proper time.
5. That which matures or prepares for the taste ; that
which gives a relish.
SeA'SON, 7). t. [Fr. assaisonner ; Sp., Fort, sazonar.] 1.
To render palatable, or to give a higher relish to, by the
addition or mixture of another substance more pungent 01
pleasant. 2. To render more agreeable, pleasant or de-
lightful ; to give a relish or zest to by something that ex-
cites, anunates or exhilarates. 3. To render more agree-
able, or less rigorous and severe ; to temper; to moderate ,
to qualify by admixture. 4. To imbue ; to tinge or taint
5. To fit for any use by time of habit ; to mature ; to pre-
pare. 6. To prepare for use by drying or hardening ; to
take out or suffer to escape the natural juices. 7. To pre-
pare or mature for a climate ; to accustom to and enable
_to endure.
SeA'SON, v. i. 1. To become mature ; to grow fit for use ;
to become adapted to a climate, as the human body. 2l
To become dry and hard by the escape of the natural
juices, or by being penetrated with other substance. 3.
J'o betoken ; to savor ; [obs.]
SeA'SON- A-BLE, a. Opportune ; that comes, happens or
is done in good time, in due season or in proper time for
the purpose.
SeA'SON-A-BLE-NESS, 71. Opportuneness of time ; the
state of being in good time, or in time convenient fr>r the
j)urpose, or sufficiently early.
SeA'SON-A-BLY, adv. In due time ; in time convenient ;
sufficiently early.
t SeA'SON-A6E, n. Seasoning; sauce. South.
SeA'SONED, pp. Mixed or sprinkled with something that
gives a relish; tempered; moderated; qualified ; mat .ir-
^d ; dried and hardened.
SeA'SON-ER, 71. He that seasons; that which seasons,
matures or gives a relish.
SeA'SON-ING, pjjr. Giving a relish by something added ;
moderating ; qualifying maturing ; drying and harden-
ing ; fitting by habit.
SeA'SON-ING, 71. 1. That which is added to any species
of food to give it a higher relish. 2. Something added or
mixed to enhance the pleasure of enjoyment.
Seat, n. [It. sedia ; Sp. sede, sitio ; L. sedes, situs.] 1.
That on which one sits ; a chair, bench, stool or any other
thing on which a person sits. 2. The place of sitting ;
throne ; chair of state ; tribunal ; post of authority. 3.
Mansion; residence; dwelling; abode. 4. Site ; situa-
tion. 5. That part of a saddle on which a person sits.—
6. In horsemanship, the posture or situation of a person on
horseback. 7. A pew or slip in a church ; a place to sit
in. 8. The place where a thing is settled or estab-
lished.
Seat, v. t. 1. To place on a seat ; to cause to sit down
2. To place in a post of authority, in office or a place of
distinction. 3. To settle ; to fix in a particular place or
country. 4. To fix ; to set firm. 5. To place in a church ;
to assign seats to. 6. To appropriate the pews in to par
ticular families. 7. To repair by making the seat new.
8._ To settle ; to plant with inhabitants. Stith, Virg.
t Seat, v. i. To rest ; to lie down. Spenser.
SeAT'ED, pp. Placed in a chair or on a bench, &c. ; set ;
_fixed ; settled ; established ; furnished with a seat.
SeAT'ING, ppr. Placing on a seat; setting; settling; fur-
nishing with a seat ; having its seats assigned to individ-
uals, as a church.
SeAVES, 71. plu. [Sw. saf; Dan. siv.] Rushes. [Local.]
SeAVY, a. Overgrown with rushes, f Local.]
SE-Ba'CEOUS, a. [Low L. sebaccus.] Made of tallow or
fat ; pertaining to fat.
SE-BAC'I€, a. In chemistry, pertaining to fat.
Se'BATE, 71. In chemistry, a salt formed by the sebacic
acid and a base. Hooper.
SE-BES'TEN, 71. The Assyrian plum, a plant.
Se'CANT, a. [L. secans.] Cutting ; dividing into two
j)arts.
SE'CANT, 77. [It., Fr., Sp. seca7?«e.] I. In geometry, &\me
that cuts another, or divides it into parts. — 2. In trigo-
nometry, the secant of an arc is a right line drawn from
the centre through one end of the arc, and terminated by
a tangent drawn through the other end.
SE-CeDE', v.i. [L. secedo.] To withdraw from fellowship,
communion or association ; to separate one's self.
* See Synopsis. .S, K, I, O, tJ, Y, Zoti^.— FAR, PALL, WHAT ;— PREY;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— 1; Obsolete
SEC
735
SEC
SE-CfiDER, n. One who secedes. In Scotlarid, the seceders
are ji numerous body of Presbyterians.
SE-OeD'ING, ppr. Withdrawing from fellowship.
SE-CERN'j V. t. [L. secerno.] In the animal economy, to
secrete.
SE-CERN'ED, (se-sernd') pp. Separated ; secreted.
SE-CEB-N'ENT, n. That which promotes secretion; that
which increases the irritative motions, which constitute
secretion.
SE-CERN'ING, ppr. Separating ; secreting.
t SE-CESS', n. [L. secessus.] Retirement ; retreat.
SE-CES'SION, 71. [L. secessio.] 1. The act of withdraw-
ing, particularly from fellowship and communion. 2.
Tlie act of departing ; departure.
t Se'€LE, n. [Fr. siecle ; L. seculumV] A century.
SE-€Ll)DE', V. t. [L. seclvdo.] 1. To separate, as from
company or society, and, usually, to keep apart for some
length of time, or to confine in a separate state. 2. To
shut out ; to prevent from entering ; to preclude.
SE-€LdD'ED, pp. Separated from others ; living in retire-
ment _; shut out.
SE-€LuD'ING, ppr. Separating from others ; confining in
solitude or in a separate state ; preventing entrance.
SE-€Lu'SION, n. The act of separating from society or
connection ; the state of being separate or apart ; separa-
tion ; a shutting out.
SE-€LtJ'SiVE, a. That secludes or sequesters ; that keeps
separate or in retirement.
SECOND, a. [Fr. ; L. secundus ; It. secondo.] I. That im-
mediately follows the first ; the next following the first in
order of place or time ; the ordinal of two. 2. Next in
value, power, excellence, dignity or rank ; inferior.
FEe'ONl), n. 1. One who attends another in a duel, to aid
him, and see that all proceedings between the parties are
fair. 2. One that supports or maintains another ; that
which supports. 3. The sixtieth part of a minute of time
or of a degree. — 4. In music, an interval of a conjoint
degree.
55E€'OND, V. t. [L. secundo ; Fr. seconder ; It. secondare.]
1. To follow in the next place. 2. To support ; to lend
aid to the attempt of another ; to assist ; to forward ; to
promote ; to encourage ; to act as the maintainer. — 3. In
Lesfislation, to support, as a motion or the mover.
SE€'OND-A-RI-LY, adv. In the second degree or second
order ; not primarily or originally ; not in the first inten-
tion.
FEe'OND-A-RI-NESS, n. The state of being secondary.
SEo'OND-A-RY, a. [L. secimdarius.'] 1. Succeeding next in
order to the first ; subordinate. 2. Not primary ; not of the
first intention. 3. Not of the first order or rate ; revolving
about a primary planet. 4. Acting by deputation or dele-
gated authority. 5. Acting in subordination. — Seconda-
ry rocks, those later formed and containing petrifactions.
SEC'OND-A-RY, n. 1. A delegate or deputy ; one who acts
in subordination to another. Encyc. 2. A feather growing
on the second bone of a fowl's wing.
SE€'OND-ED, pp. Supported ; aided.
SE€'OND-ER, n. One that supports what another attempts,
or what he afiirms, or what he moves or proposes.
SECOND-HAND, n. Possession received from the first
possessor. Johnson. «
SEC'OND-HAND, a. 1. Not original or primary ; received
from another. Locke. 2. Not new ; that has been used
by another.
SECOND-LY, adv. In the second place. Bacon.
SECOND-RATE, n. [second and rate.} The second order
in size, dignity or value. .Bddison.
SE€'OND-RATE, a. Of the second size, rank, quality or
value. Dryden.
SE€ OND-SlGHT, n. The power of seeing things future or
distant ; a power claimed by some of the Highlanders in
Scotland. Jiddison.
SECOND-SIGHT-ED, a. Having the power of second-
^ight.
Se'€RE-CY, n. 1. Properly, a state of separation ; hence,
concealment from the observation of others, or from the
notice of any persons not concerned ; privacy ; a state of
being hid from view. 2. Solitude ; retirement ; seclusion
from the view of others. 3. Forbearance of disclosure or
discovery. 4. Fidelity to a secret; the act or habit of
peeping secrets.
Se'CRET, a. [Fr. secret ; It., Sp., Port, secreto ; L. secre-
tins.] 1. Properly, separate ; hence, hid ; concealed from
the notice or knowledge of all persons except the individ-
ual or individuals concerned. 2. Unseen ; private ; se-
cluded ; being in retirement. 3. Removed from sight ;
private ; unknown. 4. Keeping secrets ; faithful to se-
crets intrusted ; [unusual.] 5. Private ; affording priv-
acy. 6. Occult ; not seen ; not apparent. 7. Known to
God only. 8. Not proper to be seen; kept or such as
ought to be kept from observation.
Se'€RET, n. [Fr. ; L. secretum.] 1. Something studiously
concealed. 2. A thing not discovered and therefore un-
known. — 3. Secrets, plu., the parts which /nodesty and
propriety require to be concealed.- -7n secret^ in a private
place ; in privacy (.r secrecy,
t Se'CRET, v. t. To keep private. Bacon.
SE€'RE-TA-RI-SHIP, n. The office of a secretary.
SE€'RE-TA-RY, n. [Fr. secretaire ; Sp., It ., secretario.j
1. A person employed by a public body, by a' company or
by an individual, to write orders^ letters, dispatches, pub-
lic or private papers, records and the like. 2. An officer
whose business is to superintend and manage the affairs
of a particular department of government.
SE-€ReTE', v. t. 1. To hide ; to conceal ; to remove from
observation or the knowledge of others. 2. To secrete
one's self; to retire from notice into a private place ; to
abscond. — 3. In the animal economy, to secern ; to pro-
duce from the blood substances different from the blood
itself,_or from any of its constituents ; as the glands.
SE-€ReT'ED, pp. Concealed ; secerned.
SE-CReT'ING, ppr. Hidmg ; secerning.
SE-eRE'TION, n. 1. The act of secerning ; the act of pro-
ducing from the blood substances diffierent from the blond
itself, or from any of its constituents, as bile, saliva, mu-
cus, urine, &c. 2. The matter secreted, as mucus, per-
spirable matter, &.c.
t Se'€RET-IST, n. A dealer in secrets. Boyle.
SE-€RE-Ti"TIOUS, a. Parted by animal secretion.
Se'€RET-LY, adv. 1. Privately; privily; not openly,
without the knowledge of others. 2. Inwardly ; not ap-
parently or visibly ; latently.
SE'GRET-NESS, n. 1. The state of being hid or concealed.
2. The quality of keeping a secret. Donne.
Se'€RE-TO-RY, a. Performing the office of secretion.
SE€T, n. [Fr. secte ; It. setta ; L., Sp. secta.] 1. A body
or number of persons united in tenets, chiefly in philoso-
phy or religion, but constituting a distinct party by hold-
ing sentiments diff'erent from those of other men. 2. A
cutting or cion ; [obs.]
SECTa'RI-AN, a. [L. sectarius.] Pertaining to a sect.
SE€-Ta'RI-AN, n. One of a sect ; one of a party in religion
which has separated itself from the estabhshed church, or
which holds tenets different from those of the prevailing
denomination in a kingdom or state.
SE€-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, n. The disposition to dissent from
the established church or predominant religion, and to
form new sects.
SE€T'A-RISM, n. Sectarianism. [Little used.]
SE€T'A-RIST, n. A sectary. [JYot much v^ed.] Warton.
SE€T'A-RY, n. [Fr. sectaire.] 1. A person who separates
from an established church, or from the prevailing de-
nomination of Christians ; one that belongs to a sect ; a
dissenter. 2. A follower ; a pupil ; [obs.]
t SECTa'TOR, n. [Fr. sectateur.] A follower ; a disciple ;
an adherent to a sect. Raleigh.
SECT'ILE, a. [L. sectilis.] A sectile mineral is one that is
midway between the brittle and the malleable.
SECTION, 71. [Fr. ; L. sectio.] 1. The act of cutting or of
separating by cutting. 2. A part separated from the rest ;
a division. — 3. In books and writings, a distinct part or
portion ; the subdivision of a chapter ; the division of a
law or other writing or instrument. 4. A distinct part of
a city, town, country or people.— 5. In geometry, a side
or surface of a body or figure cut off" by another ; or the
place where lines, planes, &c. cut each other.
SECTION-AL, a. Pertaining to a section or distinct part
of a larger body or territory.
SECT'OR, n. [Fr. secteur.] 1. In geometry, a part of a
circle comprehended between two radii and the arch ; or
a mixed triangle, formed by two radii and the arch of a
circle. 2. A mathematical instrument so marked with
lines of sines, tangents, secants, chords, &c. as to fit all
radii and scales, and useful in finding the proportion be-
tween quantities of the same kind.
SECU-LAR, a. [Fr. secul aire ; It. secolare ; Sp. secular ;
L. secularis.] 1. Pertaining to this present world, or to
things not spiritual or holy ; relating to things not imme-
diately or primarily respecting the soul, but the body ,
worldly.— 2. Among catholics, not regular ; not bound by
monastic vows or rules ; not confined to a monastery, or
subject to the rules of a religious community. 3. Ccmiing
once in a century.
SE€(J-LAR, n. A church officer or officiate whose func-
tions are confined to the vocal department of the choir.
SE€-U-LAR'I-TY, n. Worldliness ; supreme attention to
the things of the present life. Buchanan.
SE€-U-LAR-I-Za'TION, n. The act of converting a regu-
lar person, place or benefice into a secular one.
SECU-LAR-IZE, v.t. [Fr. seculariser.] I. To noke sec-
ular ; to convert from spiritual appropriation to secular or
common use ; or to convert that which is regular or mo-
nastic into secular. 2. To make worldly.
SECU-LAR-TZED, pp. Converted from regular to secular.
SECU-LAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Converting from regulaj or mo-
nastic to secular.
SECU-LAR-LY, adv. In a worldly manner.
SECU-LAR-NESS, n. A secular disposition ; worldliness
* See Synopsis MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ; BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH za in f/iwr f Obsolete
SED
736
SEE
SECtJN-DINE, n. [Fr. secondines.] Secundines, in the
plural, as generally used, are the several coats or mem-
branes in which the fetus is wrapped in the womb ; the
after-birth.
SE-€URE', a. [L, secwnis ; It. sicuro; Sp.seg-uro.] 1. Free
from danger of being taken by an enemy ; that may resist
assault or attack. 2. Free from danger ; safe ; applied to
persons. 3. Free from fear or apprehension of danger ;
not alarmed ; not disturbed by fear ; confident of safety ;
herce, careless of the means of defense. 4. Confident j
not distrustful. 5. Careless ; wanting caution. 6. Cer-
tain ; very confident.
SE-€oRE', v.t. 1. To guard effectually from danger; to
make safe. 2. To make certain ; to put beyond hazard.
3. To inclose or confine efl'ectually ; to guard efi^ectually
from escape ; sometimes, to seize and confine. 4. To
make certain of payment. 5. To make certain of receiv-
ing a precarious debt by giving bond, bail, surety or oth-
erwise. 6. To insure, as property. 7. To make fast.
SE-€uR'ED, (se-kurd') pp. Effectually guarded or protect-
ed ; made certain j put beyond hazard ; efiectually con-
fined 5 made fast.
SE-€uRE'LY, a<Zu. 1. Without danger ; safely. 2. With-
out fear or apprehension ; carelessly ; in an unguarded
state ; in confidence of safety.
t SE-€URE'MENT, n. Security ; protection. Brown.
SE-€uRE'NESS, n. Confidence of safety ; exemption from
fear; hence, want of vigilance or caution.
SE-€uR'ER, n. He or that which secures or protects.
SE-€d'RI-FORM, a. [L. securis, and form.] In botany,
havi_ng the fonn of an axe or hatchet. Lee.
SE-€U'RI-TY, n. [Fr. securite ; L. securitas.] 1. Protec-
tion ; effectual defense or safety from danger of any kind.
2. That which protects or guards from danger. 3. Free-
dom from fear or apprehension ; confidence of safety ;
whence, negligence in providing means of defense. 4.
Safety ; certainty. 5. Any thing given or deposited to
secure the payment of a "debt, or the performance of a
contract. 6. Something given or done to secure peace or
good behavior.
SE-DAN', n. l*Pr.] A portable chair or covered vehicle for
carrying a single person. Dryden.
SE-DaTE', a. [L. sedatus.] Settled ; composed ; calm ;
quiet ; tranquil ; still ; serene ; unruflled by passion ; un-
disturbed.
SE-DaTE'LY, adv. Calmly ; without agitation of mind.
SE-DaTE'NESS, n. Calmness of mind, manner or counte-
nance ; freedom from agitation ; a settled state ; compo-
sure ; serenity ; tranquillity.
fSE-DA'TION, 71. The act of calming. Coles.
SED'A-TIVE, a. [Fr. sedatif.] In medicine, moderating
muscular action or animal energy. Coze.
SED'A-TiVE, n. A medicine that moderates muscular ac-
tion or animal energy. Coze.
SED'EN-TA-RI-LY, adv. In a sendentary manner.
SED'EN-TA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being sedentary.
SED/EN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. sedentaire ; It., Sp. sedeatario ; L.
sedentarius.] 1. Accustomed to sit much, or to pass most
of the time in a sitting posture. 2. Requiring much sit-
ting. 3. Passed for the most part in sitting. 4. Inac-
tive ; motionless ; sluggish.
SED6E, n. [Sax. secg.] 1. A narrow flag, or grovrth of
such flags ; called, in the north of England, seg, or sag.
Barret. — 2. In Mew England, a species of very coarse
grass growing in swamps.
SED6ED, a. Composed of flags or sedge. Shak.
SEDO'Y, a. Overgrown with sedge. Shak.
SED'I-MENT, n. [Fr. ; li. sedimentum.] The matter which
subsides to the bottom of liquor ; settlings ; lees ; dregs.
SE-Dl"TION, n. [Fr. ; L. seditio.] A factious commotion
of the people, or a tumultuous assembly of men rising in
opposition to law or the administration of justice, and in
disturbance of the public peace. Sedition is a rising or
commotion of less extent than an insurrection, and both
are less than rebellion ; but some kinds of sedition, in
Great Britain, amount to high treason. In general, sedi-
tion is a local or limited insurrection in opposition to civil
authority, as mutiny is to military.
SE-DI''TION- A-RY, n. An inciter or promoter of sedition.
SE-Dl"TIOUS, a. [Fr. seditieux ; L. seditiosTis.] 1. Per-
taining to sedition ; partaking of the nature of sedition.
2. Tending to excite sedition ; as seditious words. 3. Dis-
posed to excite violent or irregular opposition to law or
lawful authority; turbulent; factious, or guilty of sedi-
tion.
SE-DI"TI0US-LY, adv. With tumultuous opposition to
law ; in a manner to violate the public peace.
SE-Dl''TIOUS-NESS, n. The disposition to excite popular
commotion in opposition to law ; or the act of exciting
such commotion.
SE-DuCE', V. t. [L. seduco ; Fr. seduire ; It. sedurre ; Sp.
seducir.] 1. To draw aside or entice from the path of rec-
titude and duty in any manner, by flattery, promises,
bribes or otherwise ; to tempt and lead to miquity ; to
corrupt; to deprave. 2. To entice to a surrender of
chastity.
SE-Du'CED, (se-dusf) pp. Drawn or enticed from virtue ;
corrupted : depraved.
SE-DuCE'MENT, ?i. 1. The act of seducing; seduction.
2. The means employed to seduce ; the arts of flattery,
falsehood and deception. Pope.
SE-Du'CER, n. 1. One that seduces ; one that entices an-
other to depart from the path of rectitude and duty ; one
that persuades a female to surrender her chastity. 2. That
which leads astray ; that which entices to evil.
SE-Du'CI-BLE, a. Capable of being drawn aside from the
path of rectitude ; corruptible. Brown.
SE-Du'CING, ppr. Enticing from the path of virtue or
"chastity.
SE-DU€'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. seduc^io.] 1. The act of sedu-
cing, or of enticing from the path of duty. 2. .appropri-
ately, the act or crime of persuading a female, by flattery
or deception, to surrender her chastity.
SE-DUCTIVE, a. Tending to lead astray ; apt to mislead
by flattering appearances. Stephens.
SE-BU'LI-TY, 71. [L. sedulitas ; Lt. sedulitd.] Diligent and
assiduous application to business ; constant attention ;
unremitting industry in any pursuit. It denotes constancy
and perseverance rather than intenseness of application.
SED'U-LOUS, a. [L. sedulus.] Assiduous ; diligent in ap-
plication or pursuit ; constant, steady and persevering
in business or in endeavors to effect an object ; steadily
industrious.
SED'U-LOUS-LY, ffidz). Assiduously; industriously; dili-
gently ; with constant or continued application.
SED'U-LOUS-NESS, Ti. Assiduity; assiduousness; steady
diligence ; continued industry or effort.
SEE, n. [Fr. siege ; Scot, sege.] 1. The seat of episcopal
power ; a diocese ; the jurisdiction of a bishop. 2. The
seat of an archbishop; a province or jurisdiction of an
archbishop. 3. The seat, place or office of the pope or
Roman pontiff. 4. The authority of the pope or court of
Rome.
SEE,tJ. t. pret. saw ; pp. seen. [Sax. seen, seogan, geseon ;
G. sehcn ; D. zien ; Dan. seer ; Sw. se.] 1. To perceive
by the eye ; to have knowledge of the existence and ap-
parent qualities of objects by the organs of sight ; to be-
hold. 2. To observe ; to note or notice ; to know ; to
regard or look to ; to take care. 3. To discover ; to de-
scry ; to understand. 4. To converse or have intercourse
with. 5. To visit. 6. To attend ; to remark or notice.
7. To behold with patience or sufferance ; to endure. — 8.
In Scripture, to hear or attend to. 9. To feel ; to suffer ;
to experience. 10. To know ; to learn. 11. To perceive ;
to understand ; to comprehend. 12. To perceive ; to un-
derstand experimentally. 13. To beware. 14. To know
by revelation. 15. To have faith in and rehance on. IG.
To enjoy ; to have fruition of.
SEE, V. i. 1. To have the power of perceiving by the prop-
er organs, or the power of sight. 2. To discern ; to have
intellectual sight ; to penetrate ; to understand. 3. To
examine or inquire. 4. To be attentive. 5. To have
full understanding, — See to it, look well to it ; attend j
consider ; take care. — Let me see, let us see, are used to
express consideration, or to introduce the particiiiar con-
sideration of a subject.
SEED, 71. [Sax. seed ; G. sant ; D. zaad ; Dan. seed.] 1. The
substance, animal or vegetable, which nature prepares for
the reproduction and conservation of the species. 2. That
from which any thing springs : first principle ; original.
3. Principle of production. 4. 'Progeny; offspring; chil-
dren ; descendants. 5. Race ; generation ; birth.
SEED, V. i. 1. To grow to maturity, so as to produce seed
Sicift. 2. To shed the seed. Mortimer.
SEED, V. t. To sow ; to sprinkle with seed, which germi-
nates and takes root. Belknap.
SEED'-BUD, n. [seed and bud.] The gerjn, germen or
rudiment of the fruit in embryo.
SEED'-CAKE, n. [seed and cake.] A sweet cake contain-
ing aromatic seeds. Tusser.
SEED'-€oAT, n. In botany, the outer coat of a seed.
SEED -Leaf, n. In botany, the primary leaf.
SEED'ED, a. Bearing seed ; covered thick with seeds.
Fletcher. Interspersed as with seeds. B. Johnson.
SEED'ER, n. [Sax. scedere.] One who sows.
SEED'LING, 71. A yoimg plant or root just sprung from the
seed. Evelyn.
SEED'-LIP, I n. A vessel in which a sower carries the
SEED'-LOP, \ seed to be dispersed. England.
SEED'LOBE, n. The lobe of a seed ; a cotyledon.
t SEED'NESS, n. Seed tune.
SEED'-PEARL, n. Small grains of pearl Boyle.
SEED'-PLAT, } n. 1. The ground on which seeds are
SEED'-PLOT, \ sown to produce plants for transplanting.
2. A nursery.
SEEDS'MAN, n. [seed and Tuan.] A person who deals m
seeds ; also, a sower. Diet.
SEED'-TlME, n. The season proper for sowing.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, f , long.— FAR, FALL, WH^^T •,— FRgY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
SEG •;
SEED'VES-SEL, n. In bokiny, the pericai-p which contains
the seeds.
SEED A', a. [from seed.] 1. Abounding with seeds. 2.
Having a peculiar flavor, supposed to be ddrived from the
weeds growing among tlie vines.
SEE'l-VG, ppr. [from see.] Perceiving by the eye ; knowing ;
understandmg ; observing ; beholding.
[J\/'ote. It is sometimes classed among adverbs, but is prop-
erly a paniciple, and is used iadefinitely, or without direct
reference to a person or persons, as, " W'herefore come ye
to me, seeing ye hate me ?" Gen. xxvi. ; that is, since, or
the fact being that or thus ; because that.]
SEE'ING, /(. Sight; vision. Skak.
STuEK, v. t. ipret. a.nd pp. sought, pronounced sawt. [Sax.
secaii, scEcan, gesecun ; G, suchen ; D. zoeken.] 1. I'o go
in search or quest of; to look for ; to search for by going
from place to place. 2. To inquire for ; to ask for ; to so-
licit ; to endeavor to find or gain by any means, 3. Seek
is followed sometimes by out or after.
SEEK, c.i. 1. To make search or inquiry; to endeavor
to make discovery. 2. To endeavor. — To seek after, to
make pursuit ; to attempt to find or take. — To seek far, to
endeavor to find. KnoUes. — To seek to, to apply to; to
resort to. 1 Kings x.
SEEKER, 7i. 1. One that seeks ; an inquirer. 2. One of a
sect that professes no determinate religion. Johnson.
SEEK-SOR-ROW, n. [seek and sorrow.] One that con-
trives to give himself vexation. [Little used.] Sidney.
SEEL, V. t. [Fr- sceller.^ To close the eyes; a term of
falconry, from the practice of closing the eyes of a wild
hawk.
t SEEL, r. i. [Sax. swZa??.] To lean ; to incline to one side.
t SEEL, } n. The rolling or agitation of a ship in a
fSEELIXG, \ storm. Ainsworth.
I S1:EL, n. [Sax. s(EL.] Time ; opportunity ; season.
I SEEL I-Ll , ado. In a silly manner.
fSEEL'l, a. 1. Lucky; fortunate. Spenser. 2. Silly ; fool-
ish ; simple ; [see Silly.] Tusser.
SEEM, i". i. [G. ziemen, geziemen ; T). ziceemen.] 1. To
appear ; to make or have a show or semblance. 2. To have
the appearance of truth or fact ; to be understood as true.
t SEEM, V. t. To become ; to befit. Spenser.
SEEM ER, n. One that carries an appearance or semblance.
SEEM'IXG, ppr. 1. Appearing ; having the appearance or
semblance, whether real or not. 2. a. Specious.
SEE.M ING, 11. 1. Appearance ; show ; semblance. 2.
Fair appearance. 3. Opinion or liking ; favorable opin-
ion ; [obs.]
SEE-ML\G-LY, a
blance. Addison.
SEEM'IXG-XESS, n. Fair appearance ; plausibility.
t SEE_M LESS, a. Unseemly; unfit; indecorous.
SEEM LI-XESS, n. Comeliness ; gi-ace ; fitness ; propriety ;
decency ; decorum. Camden.
SEEMLY", a. [G. ziemlich i Dan. sommeUg.] Becoming;
fit ; suited to the object, occasion, purpose or character ;
suitable.
SEEM'LY, adv. In a decent or suitable manner.
I SEEM'LY-HED, n. Comely or decent appearance.
SEEX"^, pp. of see. 1. Beheld ; observed ; understood. 2. a.
Vei-sed ; skilled ; [obs.]
SEER, n. [from see.] 1. One who sees. 2. A prophet ; a
pei-son who foresees future events. 1 Sajn. ix.
SEER'WOOD. See Sear, and Sear-wood, dry wood.
SEE'-SAW, n. A vibratory or reciprocating motion.
SEE -SAW, r. i. To move with a reciprocating motion ; to
move backward and forward, or upward and downward.
SEETHE, V. t. ; pret. seethed, sod ; pp. seethed, sodden. [Sax.
seathan, seothan, sythan : D. lieden ; G. sieden.] To boil,
to decoct or prepare for food in hot liquor.
SEETHE, V. i. To be in a state of ebullition ; to be hot.
SEETHED, pp. Boiled ; decocted.
SEETH ER, 7i. A boiler ; a pot for boiling things.
SEExiriXG, ;j;)r. Boihng ; decocting.
jSEG, n. Sedge.
SEG, 71. A castrated bull. JVorth of England.
SEG'HOL, 77. A Hebrew vowel-point^ or short vowel,
thus •.•, indicating the sound of the English e in men.
M. Stuart.
SEGHO-LATE, a. Marked with a seghol.
SEG MEXT, V. [Fr. ; L. segmentum.] 1. In geometry, that
part of the circle contained between a chord and an arch
of that circle, or so much of the circle as is cut off" by the
chord. — 2. In general, a part cut oflF or divided; as the
segments of a calvx.
t SEG XI-TUDE, I n. [L. segjiis.] Sluggishness ; inactiv-
+ SEG'XI-TY, ] ity.
SEG RE-GATE, v. t. [L. segrego.] To separate from oth
ers ; to set apart. Sherwood.
SEG'RE-GATE, a. Select. [Little v^cd.] Wotton.
SEG RE-GA-TED, pp. Separated ; parted from others
SEG'RE-GA-TtXG, ppr. Separating.
SEG-RE-Ga'TION, 71. [Fr.] Separation from others ; a
parting. Skak.
"37
SEL
<j. In appearance ; in show
SEIGN-Eu'RI-AL, (seen-yu're-al) a. [Fr.J L Pertaining to
the lord of a manor; manorial. 2. Vested with large
jowers ; independent
SKIGNIOR, (seeuyur) n. [Fr. seigneur; It. signore; Sp.
senor ; Port, senhor ; from L. senior.] A lord ; the lord
cf a manor ; but used also in the south of Europe as a
title of honor.
SeIGX'IOR-AGE, (seen'yur-aje) n. A royal right or \v,;.g-
ative of the king of England, by which he claims an
allowance of gold and silver brought in the mass to be
exchanged for coin.
SEIGX-l6'RI-AL, (seen-yo're-al). TJie same as seisrneurial.
SeIGX'IOR-IZE, (seen'yur-izej v. t. To lord it over. [L. u.]
SeIGXTO-RY, (seen'yo-ry) 7i, [Yx. seigneur ie.] ' A lord-
ship ; a manor, 2. The power or authority of a lord ;
dominion.
SeIX, 77. [Sax. segne ; Fr. seine ; Arm. seigne.] A large
jiet for catching fisit
SeIX'ER, 71. A fislier with a sein or net. [Little used.]
Se'I-TY, 77. [L. se, one's self.] Something peculiar to a
man's self. [JVot well authorized.] Tatler.
SeIZ'A-BLE, a. That may be seized ; liable t.-> be taken.
Seize, v. t. [Fr. saisir ; Arm. sesiza, or sesya.] 1. To fall
or rush upon suddenly and lay hold on ; or to gi'ipe or
gi-asp suddenly. 2. To take possession by force, with
or witliout right. 3. To invade suddenly ; to take hold
of; to come upon suddenly. 4. To take possession by
virtue of a warrant or legal authority. 5. To fasten ; to
fix. — In seamen's language, to fasten two ropes or ditferent
parts of one rope together with a cord. — To be seized of,
to have possession. Spenser. — To seize on or 772*071, is to fall
on and grasp ; to take hold on.
SkI7,ED, pp. Suddenly caught or grasped ; taken by force ;
invaded suddenly ; taken possession of; fastened with a
_cord ; havmg possession.
SeIZ'ER, 77. One that seizes.
SeIZ'IX^, 77. [Fr. 5a;*-7He.] 1. In Zaro, possession. Seizin is
of two sorts, seizin in deed, or fact, and seizin in law.
Seizin in fact or deed is actual or corporal possession :
seizin in law is when something is done which the law
accounts possession or seizin, as enrollment, or when lands
descend to an heir, but he has not yet entered on them.
2. The act of taking possession ; [not used except in law.l
3. The thing possessed ; possession.
Seizing, ppr. Failing on and grasping suddenly ; laying
hold on suddenly ; fastening.
SeIZ'IXG, n. 1. The act of taking or grasping suddenly.
— 2. In seamen's language, the operation of fastening to-
jether ropes with a cord.
SeI'ZOR, n. One who seizes. Wheaton.
Seizure, 77. I. The act of seidng; the act of laying
hold on suddenly. 2. The act of taking possession by
force. 3. The act of taking by warrant. 4. The ihiag
taken or seized. 5. Gripe : grasp ; possession 6. Catch ;
jL catching.
Se'JANT, a. In heraldry, sitting, like a cat with the fore
feet straight ; applied to a lion or other beast.
SE-JOIN', v. t. To separate. Wkately. A Scottish loord.
SE-JtJ'GOUS, a. [L. sejugis.] In botany, a sejugous leaf is
a pinnate leaf having sfx pairs of leaflets.
SE-JUN€'TI0N, 71 [L. sejmictio.] The act of disjoining ;
a disuniting; separation. [Little used.] Pearson.
SE-JUNG'I-BLE, a. That may be disjoined. [Little
it-sed.]
t SEKE, for sick. See Sick. Chaucer.
fSEL'eOUTH, a. [Sax. sel, seld, and couth.] Rarely
known ; unusual ; uncommon. Spenser.
SELDOM, adv. [Sax, selden, seldon ; D. zelden; G. selten.]
Rarely ; not often ; not frequently.
SEL'BOil, a. Rare ; unfrequent. [Little used.] Milton
SEL'DOftl-NESS, 77. Rareness ; uncommonness ; infrequen-
cy. Hooker.
\ SELD'SHoWN, a. Rarely shown or exhibited.
SE-LECT', i). f. [L. selectus.] To choose and take from
a number; to take by preference from among others; to
pick out ; to cull.
SE-LECT', fl. Xicely chosen; taken from a number by
preference; choice; whence, preferable; more valuable
or excellent than others.
SE-LE€T'ED, pp. Chosen and taken by preference from
among a number ; picked ; culled.
SE-LE€T'ED-LY, adv. With care in selection.
SE-LECT'IX^G, ;7;7?-. Choosing and taking from a number;
picking out ; culling.
SE-LEC'TIOX, n. [L. selectio.] 1. The act of choosing
and taking from among a number ; a taking from a num-
ber by preference. 2. A number of things selected or
taken from others by preference.
SE-LE€T'IVE, a. Selecting ; tending to select. [Unusual.]
SE-LE€T'MAN, n. [select and man.] In JVew England, a
town officer chosen annually to manage the concerns of
the town, provide for the poor. &c.
SE-LECT'NESS, n. The state of being select or well
chosen.
See Synopsis
MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in this.
'47
t Obsolete
SEL
738
SEL
»E-LE€T'OR, 71. [L.] One that selects or chooses from
among a number.
>SE-LE']>rt-ATE, 71. A conipoandofselenic acid with a base.
SE-LEN'I€, a. Pertaining to selenium, or extracted from it.
tiEL'EN-lTE, n. [Gr <7i\>7vtr?;f.] Foliated or crystalized
sulphate of linae.
SEL-E-NIT'I€, / a. Pertaining to selenite ; resembling
SEL-E-NIT'I-CAL, \ it, or partaking of its nature and
properties.
SE-Le'NI-UM, 7^. A new elementary body or substance,
extracted from the pyrites of Fahlun in Sweden.
SEL-E-NIU'RET, or SEL-E-Nu'RET, n. A mineral, of a
shining lead-gray color.
SEL-E-NO-GRAPH'i-€AL, \ «' belonging to selenography.
SEL-E-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. c£\vvri and ypa(j>i>i.-\ A de-
scription of the moon and its phenomena.
SELF, a. or pron. ; pla Selves ; used chiefly in composi-
tion. [Sax. self, sijlf; Goth, silba : Sw. sieif; Dan. selv ;
G. sdbst ; D. zeZ/.'] 1. In old authors, this word some-
times signifies particular, very, or same. — 2. In present
usage, self is united to certain personal pronouns and pro-
nonxinal adjectives, to express emphasis or distinction ;
also when the pronoun is used reciprocally ; as, / myself.
3. Self is sometimes used as a noun, noting the indi-
vidual subject to liis own contemplation or action, or not-
ing identity of person. Consciousness makes every one
to be what be calls self. 4. It also signifies personal in-
terest, or love of private interest ; selfishness. — Self is
much used in composition.
SELF-A-BaS'ED, (self-a-basf) a. [self and ahase-l Hum-
bled by conscious guilt or shame.
SELF-A-BaSE'MENT, 71. Humiliation or abasement pro-
ceeding fmm consciousness of inferiority or guilt.
SELF-A-BaS'ING, a. Humbling by the consciousness of
guilt or bv shame.
SELF-A-BuSE', n. [scZ/ and a^Mse.] The abuse of one's
own person or powers . Bhak.
SELF-A€-€uS'ING, a. Accusing one's self,
SELF-AC-TIVI-TY, 71. Self-motion, or the power of mov-
ing one's self without foreign aid. Bentley.
SELF-AD-MI-Ra'TION, n. Admiration of one's self.
SELF-AD-MlR'ING, a. Admiring one's self. Scott.
SELF-AF-F AIRS', 7J. pZit. [self ani affair.] One's own pri-
vate business. Shak.
BELF-AF-FRIGHT'ED, a. Frightened at one's self.
SELF-AP-PLAUSE', n. Applause of one's self.
SELF-AP-PROV'ING, a. That approves of one's own con-
duct. Pope^
SELF-AS-SuM'ED, (se\f-as-sumd') a. Assumed by one's
own act or without authority. Mitford.
SELF-BAN'ISHED, a. Exiled voluntarily.
SELF-BE-GOT'TEN, a. Begotten by one's own powers.
SELF'-BORN, a. Born or produced by one's self.
SELF-CEN'TRED, a. Centred in itself.
SELF-CHAR'I-TY, n. Love of one's self.
SELF-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TlVE, a. [self s^nd. communicative.]
Imparted or communicated by its own powers. JYorris.
SELF-CON-CeIT', 71. [self and conceit.] A high opinion of
one's self; vanity.
SELF-€ON-CeIT'ED, a. Vain ; having a high or over-
weening opinion of one's own person or merits.
SELP-CON-CeIT'ED-NSSS, 11. Vanity ; an overweening
opinion of one's own person or accomplishments.
SELF-€0N'FI-DENCE, n. Confidence in one's own judg-
ment or ability ; reliance on one's own opinion or powers
SELF-€0N'FI-DENT, a. Confident of one's own strength
or powers ; relyins on one's own judgment.
SELF-€0N-FID'ING, a. Confiding in one's own judgment
or powers, without the aid of others. Pops.
SELF-eON'SCIOUS, a. Conscious in one's self.
SELF-€0N'SCI0US-NESS, 71. Consciousness within one's
self. Locke.
SELF-€ON-SID'ER-ING, a. [seZfand consider.] Consider-
ing in one's own mind ; deliberating. Pope.
SELF-CON-StJM'ING, a. That consumes itself.
SELF-eON-TRA-DI€'TION, n. The act of contradicting
itself; repugnancy in terms.
SELF-€ON-TRA-DI€T'0-RY, a. Contradicting itself.
SELF-€ON-VI€T'ED, a. [.yeZfand convict.] Convicted by
one-s own consciousness, knowledge or avowal.
?ELF-€ON-VI€'TION, n. Conviction proceeding from
one's own consciousness, knowledge or confession.
SELF-€RE-aT'ED; a. Created by one's self; not formed
or constitut_ed by another. Mdncr.
SELF-DE-CeIT', 71. Deception respecting one's self, or that
originates from one's own mistake ; self-deception.
SELF-DE-CkLV'ED, (self-de-seevd') a. Deceived or misled
respecting oiie's self by one's own mistake or error.
SELF-DE-CeIV'ING, a. Deceiving one's self.
SEIiF-DE-CEP'TION, n. Deception concerning one's self,
proceeding from one's own mistake.
SELF-DE-FENSE', (self-deafens') n. The act of defending
one's own person, property or reputation.
SELF-DE-LU'SION, n. [self ana drJusion.] The delusion
of one's self, or respecting one's self South.
SELF-DE-Nl'AL, n. The denial of one's self; the forbear-
ing to gratify one's own appetites or desires.
SELF-DE-Ny'ING, a. Denying one's self; a forbearing to
indulge one's own appetites or desires.
SELF-DE-PEND'ENT, ) a. Depending on one's self
SELF-DE-PEND'ING, \ Scott.
SELF-DE-STRU€'TION, n. [self and destruction.] The
destruction of one's self; voluntary destruction.
SELF-DE-STRU€'TIVE, a. Tending to the destruction of
one's self.
SELF-DE-TERM-1-Na TION, n. Determination by one's
own mind ; or determination by its own powers, without
extraneous impulse or influence.
SELF-DE-TERM'IN-ING, a. Determining by or of itself;
determining or deciding without extraneous power or in-
fluence.
GELF-DE-VoT'ED, a. [self and devote.] Devoted in per-
son, or voluntarily devoted in person.
SELF-DE-VoTE'MENT, 71. The devoting of one's person
and services voluntarily to any difiicult or hazardous em -
ployment.
SELF-DE-V0_UR'ING, a. Devouring one's self or itself,
SELF-DIF-Fu'SiVE, a. [self and diffusive.] Having pow-
er to diffiise itself ; that diffuses itself. JVorris.
SELF-EN-JOY'MENT, n. [self and enjoyment.] Internal
satisfaction or pleasure.
SELF-E-STEEM', n. [self and esteem.'] The esteem or
good opinion of one's self, Milton.
SELF-ES-TI-Ma'TION, 71. The esteem or good opinion of
one's self. Milner.
SELF-EV'I-DENCE, n. Evidence or certainty resulting
from a proposition without proof; evidence that ideas of-
fer to the mind upon bare statement.
SELF-EV'I-DENT, a. Evident without proof or reasoning ;
that produces certainty or clear conviction upon a bare
presentation to the mind.
SELF-EV'I-DENT-LY, adv. By means of self-evidence.
SELF-EX-AL-Ta'TION, 71. The exaltation of one's self
SELF-EX-ALT'ING,a. Exalting one's self.
SELF-EX-AM-IN-a'TION, 71. An examination or scrutiny
into one's own state, conduct and motives, particularly in
regard to religious affections and duties.
SELF-EX-€US'ING, a. Excusing one's self. Scott.
SELF-EX-IST'ENCE, n. Inherent existence ; the existence
possessed by virtue of a being's own nature, and inde
pendent of any other being or cause ; an attribute peculiar
to God.
SELF-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing by its own natm-e or es-
sence, independent of any other cause.
SELF-FLAT'TER-ING, a. Flattering one's self.
BELF-FLAT'TER-Y, n. Flattery of one's self.
SELF-GLo'RI-OTjS, a. [self tind glorious.] Springing from
vain glorv or vanity ; vain ; boastful. Dryden.
SELF-HaRM'ING, a. [self and harm.] Injuring or hurting
one's self or itself. Sharp.
SELF'-HEAL, 71. [self and heal.] A plant.
SEIiF-HEAL'ING, a. Having the power or property of
healing itself.
SELF-HOM'I-CTDE, n. The killing of one's self.
SELF-I'DOL-IZED, a. Idolized by one's self. Cowper.
SELF-IM-PART'ING, a. [self and impart.] Imparting by
its own povv'ers and will. JSTorris.
SELF-IM-POST'URE, n. [self and imposture.] Imposture
practiced on one's self. South.
SELF-IN'TER-EST, 71. [self and inte7-est.] Private inter-
est ; the interest or advantage of one's self.
SELF-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. Having self-interest ; particu-
larly concerned for one's self.
SELF-JUS'TI-Fl-ER, n. One who excuses or justifies him-
self.
SELF-KIN'DLED, a. [self and kindle.] Kindled of itself,
or without extraneous aid or power. Dryden.
SELF-KNoW'ING, a. [self and know.] Knowing of itself,
or without communication from another.
SELF-ItNOWL'EDGE, (self-nol'ledje) n. The knowledge
of one's own real character, abilities, worth or demerit.
SELF'-LoVE, 77. [self and love.] The love of one's own
person or happiness. Pope. ,
SELF-LoV'ING, a. Loving one's self, Walton.
SELF'-MET-AL, n. The same metal.
SELF-MoTION, v.. Motion given by inherent powers,
without external impulse ; spontaneous motion.
SELF-MoV'ED, (self-mbvd') a. [5e//and7Ko?)c.] Moved by
inherent power, without the aid of external impulse. Pope.
SELF-MoV'ING, a. Moving or exciting to action by inhe-
rent power, without the impulse of another body or extra-
neous influence.
SELF-MUR'DER, 7!.. The murder of one's self ; suicide.
SELF-MUR'DER-ER, n. One who voluntarily destroys his
own life.
SELF-NEG-LECT'ING, n. A neglecting of one's self.
SELF-O-PIN'ION, 71. One's own opinion.
* Set Synopsis. A, E. T, O, O, ■?, Zoreg-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY -.—PIN MARINE BIRD — t OhsoUtc.
SEM
739
SEM
BELF-O-PIN lONED, a. Valuing one's own opinion highly.
SELF-PAS,-TIAIi'l-TY, 71. That partiality by which a man
overrates^ his own worth when compared with others.
SELF-FLeAS'ING, a. [self and jj/ea^e.] Pleasing one's
self, gratifying one's own wishes. Bacon.
SELF'PRaISE, ?i. [self rinA ■praise.'] The praise of one's
self; s^lf-applause. Broome.
SELF-PREF'ER-ENCE, n. [self and preference.] The
preference of one's self to others.
SELF-PRES-ER-Va'TION, n. The preservation of one's
self from destruction or injury. Milton.
SELF-RE-PEL'LEN-CY, w. [selfAuArepellency.l The in-
herent power of repulsion in a body. Black.
SELF-RE-PEL'LLVG, a. [seZ/and re;)eZ.] Repelling by its
own inherent power.
SELF-RE-PRoV'ED, (self-re-provd') a. [self d,nA reprove.]
Reproved by consciousness or one's own sense of guilt.
SELF-RE-PROV'ING, a. Reproving by consciousness.
SELF-RE-PROV'ING, n. The act of reproving by a con-
scious sense of guilt. S/ta/i;.
SELF-RE-STRaIN'ED, (self-re-strand') a. Restrained by
itself, or by one's own power or will ; not controlled by
external force _or authority,
SELF-RE-STRaIN'ING, a. Restraining or controlling it-
self.
SELF'-S AME, a. [self and same.] Numerically the same ;
the very same ; identical. Scripture.
SELF'-SEEK-ING, a. [self ?iTid seek.] Seeking one's own
interest or happiness ; selfish. Arbuthnot.
SELF-SLAUGH'TER, (self-slaw'ter) n. [self and slaugh-
ter.] The slaughter of one's self. Shak.
SELF-SUB-DU'ED, (self-sub-dud') a. [self and suhdue.]
Subdued by one's own power or means. Shak.
SELF-SUB- VERS'IVE, a. Overturning or subverting itself.
J. P. Smith.
SELF-SUF-Fl"CIEN-CY, n. An overweening opinion of
one's own st>-ength or worth ; excessive confidence in
one's own competence or sufficiency.
SELF-SUF-Fi"CIENT, a. Having full confidence in one's
own strength, abilities or endowments ; whence, haughty ;
overbearing.
SELF-TOR-MENT'ER, n. One who torments himself.
SELF-TOR-MENT'ING, a. [self and torment.] Torment-
ing one's self ; as, self -tormenting- sin. Crashaio.
SELF-VAL'U-ING, a. EsteemJng one's self. Parnell.
SELF-WILL', 71. One's own will ; obstinacy.
SELF-WILL'ED, (self-willd') a. Governed by one's own
will ; not yielding to the will or wishes of others ; not ac-
commodating or compliant ; obstinate.
SELF-WRONG', w. [self and wrong.] Wrong done by a
person to himself. Shak.
SELF'ISH, a. Regarding one's own interest chiefly or sole-
ly ; influenced in actions by a view to private advantage.
SELF'ISH-LY, adv. In a selfish manner; Avith regard to
private interest only or chiefly. Pope.
SELF'ISH-NESS, n. The exclusive regard of a person to his
own interest or happiness ; or that supreme self-love or
self-preference, whicii leads a person in his actions to di-
rect his purposes to the advancement of his own interest,
power or happiness, without regarding the interest of
others.
tSELF'NESS,n. Self love; selfishness. Sidney.
SELL, for self; and sells, for selves. [Scot.] B. Jonson.
tSELL, 71. [Fr. selle ; L. sella.] A saddle, and a throne.
SELL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. sold. [Sax. selan, sellan, STjlan,
or syllan; Sw.salia; Ice. sella; Dan. salger.] 1. To
transfer property or the exclusive right of possession to
another for an equivalent in money. It is correlative to
hmj, as one party buys what the other sells. It is distin-
guished from exchangeoY barter, in which one commodity
is given for another ; whereas in selling the consideration
is money, or its representative in current notes. 9. To
betray ; to deliver or surrender for money or a reward.
3. To yield or give for a consideration. — 4. In Scripture,
to give up to be harassed and made slaves. 5. To part
with ; to renounce or forsake.
SELL, V. i. 1. To have commerce ; to practice sellin"-. '^
To be sold.
SEL'LAN-DER, n. A dry scab in a horse's hough.
SELL'ER, 71. The person that sells ; a vender.
SELL'ING, ppr. 1. Transferring the property of a thins (of
a price. 2. Betraying for money.
SELVEDGE, n. [D. zelf-kant.] The edge of cloth, where
it is closed by complicating the threads ; a woven border,
or border of close work.
SELV'EDGED, a. Having a selvedge.
SELVES, plu. of self.
t SEM'BLA-BLE, a. [Fr.] Like ; similar ; resembling.
t SEM'BLA-BLY, adv. In like manner. Shak.
SEM'BLANCF, n. [Fr. ; It. sembiama.] 1. Likeness , re-
semblance ; actual similitude. 2. Appearance ; show ;
figure ; form. Fairfax.
t SEM'Bl ANT, n. Show ; figure ; resemblance. Spenser.
t SEM'BLANT, a. Like ; resembUng. Prior.
t SEM'BLA-TIVE, a. Resembling ; fit ; suitable
t SEM'BLE, V. t. [Fr. sembler.] To imitate ; to make sim ■
liar.
SEM'I, [L. ; Gr. Ty/^t,] in composition, signifies half.
SEM'I-A-CID I-FlED,a.or;>;,. Half acidified. See Acidift
SEM'I-AM-PLEX I-€AUL, a. [L. scmi,aiuplexus.] In bot-
any, embracing the stem half way, as a leaf.
SEM'1-AN'NU-AL, a. [semi and a/umaZ.] Halfyearlv
SEM'I-AN'NU-AL-LY, adv. Every half year.
SEM'I-AN'NU-LAR, a. [L. semi and annulvs ] Having the
figure of a half circle ; that is, half round
SEM'I-AP'ER-TURE, n. The half of an aperture
SEM'I-a'RI-AN, 71. In ecclesiastical history, the Semi-Ari-
ans were a branch of the Arians, who in appearance con-
demned the errors of Arius, but acquiesced in some clhis
principles.
SEM'I-a'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Semi-Arianism.
SEM'I-A RI-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of the Semi-Arians.
SEM'I-BAR-Ba'RI-AN, a. [semi and barbaria7i.] Half sav
age ; partially civilized. Mitford.
SEM'I-BPi,EVE, n. [semi and breve ; formerly written sem-
ibref] In music, a note of half the duration or time of the
breve.
SEM'I-€AL'ClNED, a. [semi and calcine.] Half calcined
SEM'I-€AS'TRATE, v. t. To deprive of one testicle.
SEM'I-eAS-TRA'TION, 7i. Half castration ; deprivation of
one testicle. Brown.
SEM'I-CtR-€LE, 71. 1. The half of a circle ; the part of a
circle comprehended between its diameter and half of its
circumference. 2. Any body in the form of a half circle.
SEM'I-CiR-€LED, or SEM-I-CiR'€U-LAR, a. Having the
form of_a half circle. Addison.
SEIVl'I-€o-LON, n. [semi and colon.] In grammar and
punctuation, the point [;].
SEM'I-€0-LUM'NAR,a. [se7?7i and colum7iar.] Like a half
column ; flat on one side and round on the other.
SEM'I-GOM-PAGT', a. [semi and compact.] Half compact ;
imperfectly indurated. Kirican.
SEM'I-€RUS-TA'CEOUS, a. Half crustaceous.
SEM'I-CY-LIN'DRI€, ) u ,^ ,• ^ ■ , r
SEM'I-CY-LIN'DRI-€AL, \ °- Half cylmdncal. Lee.
SEM'I -DE-IS'TI-€AL, a. Half deistical ; bordering on do-
ism.
SEM'I-DI-AM'E-TER, n. Half the diameter ; a riglit line
or the length of a right line drawn from the centre of a
circle or spliere to its circumference or periphery ; a radius
SEM'I-Dl-AP-A'SON, 71. In music, an imperfect octave, or
an octave diminished by a lesser semitone.
SEM'I-DI-A-PEN'TE, 71. An imperfect fifth ; a hemi-dia-
pente.
SEM'I-DT-APH-A-Ne'I-TY, 71. [See Semidiaphanous.]
Half or imperfect transparency. [Little used.! BoijU
SEM'I-DI-APH'A-NOUS, a. [semi and diaj.:.anous.] Half
or imperfectly transparent. Woodward.
SEM'I-DI-A-TES'SA-RON, 71 [semi and diatessaron ] In
music, an imperfect or defective fourth.
SEM'I-DI-TONE, n. [semi, and It. ditono.] In music, a les-
ser third, having its terms as 6 to 5 ; a hemi-ditone.
SEM'I-DoUB'LE, 71. [semi and double.] In the Romisk
breviary, an office or feast celebrated with less solemnity
than the double ones, but with more than the single ones.
SEM'I-FLO-RET, 7!. [semi and floret.] A half floret.
SEM-I-FL0S'€U-L0US, a. [semi, and 'L.flosculus. Semi-
floscular is also used, but is less analogical.] Composed of
semiflorets ; ligulate.
SEM'I-FLtJ'ID, a. [semi and fluid.] Imperfectly fluid.
SEM'I-FORMED, a. Half formed ; imperfectly formed.
SEM'I-IN'DU-RA-TED, a. [semi and indurated.] Imper-
fectly indurated or hardened.
SEM'I-LA-PID'I-FlED, a. [semi and lapidified.]' Imper-
fectly changed into stone. Kirwan.
SEM'I-LEN-TI€'U-LAR, a. [semi and le7iticular .] Half
lenticular or convex; imperfectly resembling a lens.
SEM-I-Lu NAR, / a. [Fr. semilunaire.] Resembling in
SEM-l-Lu'NA-RY, ^ form a half moon.
SEM'I-MET'AL, n. [semi and metal.] An imperfect metal,
or rather a metal that is not malleable, as bismuth, zink.
SEM'l-ME-TAL'LI€, a. Pertaining to a semi-metal, or par-
taking of its nature and qualities. Kirwan.
SEM'i-NAL, a. [Fr. ; L. seminalis.] 1. Pertaining to seed,
or to the elements of production. 2. Contained in seed ;
radical ; rudimental ; original. Swift. — Seminal-leaf, the
same as seed-leaf.
SEM'I-NAL, 71. Seminal state. Brozon.
SEM-I-NAL'I-TY, n. The nature of seed ; or the power ol
being produced. Brown.
SEM'I-NA-RIST, n. A Romish priest educated in a semina-
ry. Sheldon.
SEM'I-NA-RY, 71. [Fr. seminaire ; 1,. seminarium.] 1. A
seed-plat; groun* where seed is sown for producing
plants for transplantation ; a nursery. 2. The place or
original stock whence any thing is brought ; [obs.] 3.
Seminal state ; [obs.] 4. Source of propagation. 5. A
place of education ; any school, academy, college or uni
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as m (Ais j Obsolete
SEM
740
SEN
versity, in which young persons are instructed in the sev-
eral branches of learning, 6. A Romish priest educated
in a seminary ; a seminarist.
SEM'I-NA-RY, a. Seminal ; belonging to seed. Smith.
SEM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. semino.} To sow ; to spread ; to
propagate. Waterhoiise
8EM-I-NA'TrON, 71. [L. seminatio.] 1. The act of sowing.
— 2. In botany, the natural dispersion of seeds. Martyn.
t SEM INED, a. Thick covered, as with seeds.
SEM-I-NIF'ER-OUS, a [L. semen and fero.] Seed-bear-
ing ; producing seed. Darwin,
SEM-I-NIF'I€, \ a. [L. semen and /acio.] Forming or
SEM-I-NIF'I-€AL, \ producing seed.
SEM-I-NIF-I-€a'TION, n. Propagation from the seed or
seminal parts. Hale%
SEM'I-O-PAaUE', ) a. [lu. sevii wa^ opacus ^ Halftrans-
SEMI-O-Pa'COUS, i parent only.
SEMI-o'PAL, n. A variety of opal. Jameson.
SEM I-OR-Bie U-LAR, a. [semi and oriicular.] Having
the shape of a half orb or sphere. Martyn.
SEM'I-OR'DI-NATE, n. In conic sections, a line drawn at
right angles to and bisected by the axis, and reaching
from one side of the section to the other.
SEM I-OS'SE-OUS, a. Half as hard as bone.
SEMI-O'VATE, a. {scnns.Tni ovate.] Half egg-shaped.
SEM'I-OX'YG-E-NA-TED, a. Half saturated with oxygen.
SEM'I-PAL'MATE, ) a. [semi and palmate.] Half pal-
SEM'I-PAL'MA-TED, S mated or webbed.
SEM'I-PED, 71. [semi, and L. pes.] A half foot in poetry.
* SEM-I-Pe'DAL, a. Containing a half foot.
SEM'I-PE-La'GI-AN, 71. In ecclesiastical history, the Semi-
Pelagians are persons who retain some tincture of the doc-
trines of Pelagius.
SEM'I-PE-La'GI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Semi-Pelagians,
or their tenets.
SEM l-PE-LA'G'i .AN-ISM, n. The doctrines or tenets of the
Serai-Pelagians.
SEM'I-PEL-LtJ CID, a. [semi and pellucid.] Half clear, or
imperfectlv transparent. Woodward.
SEM I-PEL-LU-CID'I-T Y, n. The quality or state of being
imperfectlv transparent.
SEM I-PER-SPI€'U-OUS, a. [semi and perspicuous.] Half
transparent 5 imperfectly clear. Qreio.
SEM'I-PHLO-6lS'TI-€A-TED, a. [semi and phlogistica-
ted.] Partially impregnated with phlogiston.
SEM I-PRI-MI6'EN-0US, a. [semi and pnmigenous.] In
geology, of a middle nature between substances of pri-
mary and secondary formation.
SEM'I-PROOF, 71. [semi and proof.] Half proof; evidence
from the testimony of a single witness. [Little tised.]
SEM I-PRo'TO-LITE, n. [semi, and Gr. Trpwroj and XiQog.}
A species of ^-^ssil.
SEMfl-aU^D'RATE, \ n. [L. semi and quadratus.] An
SEM'I-aUAR'TILE, \ aspect of the planets, when dis-
tant from' each other the half of a quadrant, or forty-five
degrees, one sign and a half.
SEM'I-CtUA-VER, n. [semi and quaver.] In music, a note
of half the duration of the quaver; the sixteenth of the
semibreve.
SEM'I-Q,UA-VER, v. t. To sound or sing in semiquavers.
SEM'I-aUIN'TILE, n. [L. semi and quintHis.] An aspect
of the planets, when distant from each other half of the
quintile, or thirty-s\x degrees.
SEM'I-SAV'AGE, a. Half savage; half barbarian.
SEM'I-SAV'A6E, rt One who is half savage or imperfect-
ly civilized. J. Barlow.
SEM'I-SEX'TlLE, v. [semi and sextile.] An aspect of the
planets, when they are distant from each other the twelfth
part of a circle, or thirty degrees. Bailey.
SE^I'l-SPHER'ie, \ a. Having the figure of a half
SE.M'T-SPHER'I-€AL, \ sphere.
SEM'I-SPHE-ROID'AL, a. Formed like a half spheroid.
SEM-T-TER'TIAN, ff. [semi Q.nA f.rtian.] Compounded of a
tertian and quotidian ague.
SEM-I-TER'TIAN, n. An intermittent compounded of a
tertian and quotidian. Bailey.
SEM'I-TONE, n. [semi and tone.] In music, half a tone.
SEM-I-TON'ie, a. J^rtaining to a semitone ; consisting of
a semitone.
SEM'I-TRAN'SEPl , n. [semi and transept.] The haif of a
transept or cross a^sle.
SEM'I-TRANS-PaR'ENT, (sem-e-trans-pair'ent) a. [semi
,ind trn.nsparent.] Half or imperfectlv transparent.
SEM'I-TRANS-PaR'EN-CY, (sem-e-trans-pair'en-se) n.
Imperfect transparency ; partial opaqueness.
FEiM'I-VIT'RE-OUS, «. Partially vitreous. Bigelow.
SEMT-VIT-RI-FI-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The state of being im-
perfectlv vitrified. 2. A substance imperfectly vitrified.
SEM'I-VIT'RI-FIED, a. Half or imperfectly vitrified ; par-
tially converted into glass.
SExM'I-Vo-CAL, a. [semi and vocal.] Pertaining to a semi-
vowel ; half vocal; imperfectly sounding.
SEM'I-VOW-EL, n. [semiknA. vowel.] In grammar, a. \id\f-
vowel, or an articulation which is accompanied with an
imperfect sound.
SEM-PER-Vi'RENT, a. [L. semper and virens.] Always
fresh ; evergreen. Lee.
SEM'PER-VlVE, n. [L. semper and vivus.] A plant.
SEM-PI-TERN'AL, a. [Fr. sempiterncl ; L. sempitcrnus j
I. Eternal in futurity ; everlasting ; endless ; having be
ginning, but no end. 2. Eternal ; everlasting.
SEM-PI-TERN'I-TY, n. [L. sempiternitas.] Future dura
tion without end. Hale. t
t SEM'STER, n. A seamster ; a man who uses a needle.
SEM'STRESS, n. [Sax. seamstre.] A woman whose busi
ness is to sew Swift. Often written sempstress.
SEN, or SENS, adv. Since. Spenser. This word is still
used by some of our common people for since.
SEN'A-RY, a. [L. seni^ senarius.] Of six ; belonging l^
six ; containing six.
SEN' ATE, n. [Fr. senat ; It. senato ; Sp. senado ; L. sen-
at7is.] 1. An assembly or council of senators ; a body of
the principal inhabitants of a city or state, invested with a
share in the government. — 2. In tte United States, senate
denotes the higher branch or house of a legislature. — 3. In
a looser sense, any legislative or deliberative body ol
men.
SEN'ATE-HOUSE, n. A house in which a senate meets,
or a place of public council. Shak.
SEN'A-TOR, 71. 1. A member of a senate. 2. A counselor,
a judge or magistrate. Ps. cv.
SEN-A-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a senate ; becoming
a senator. 2. Entitled to elect a senator ; as a senatoriat
district. _(7. States,
SEN-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a senate ,
with digriity or solemnity.
t SEN-A-To'RI-AN. The same as senatorial.
SEN'A-TOR-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of a senator.
SEND, V. t. j pret. and pp. sent. [Sax. sendan ; Goth, san-
dyan ; D. zenden ; G. sendeii ; Sw. sanda ; Dan. sender.]
1. In a general sense, to throw, cast or thrust ; to impel
or drive by force to a distance. 2. To cause to be con-
veyed or transmitted. 3. To cause to go or pass from
place to place. 4. To commission, authorize or direct to gf>
and act. 5. To cause to come or fall ; to bestow. 6. To
cause to come or fall ; to inflict. 7. To prcpagate ; to
diffuse. — To send away, to dismiss ; to cause to depart. —
To send forth or out. 1. To produce ; to put or bring forth.
2. To emit.
SEND, V. i. To dispatch an agent or messenger for some
purpose, — To send for, to request or require by message
to come or be brought.
fSEN'DAL, 71, [Sp. cendal.] A light, thin stuff of silk or
thread. Chaucer.
SEND'ER, n. One that sends. Shak.
SEN'E-GA, ) n, A plantcalled?-aMZeswoite-roo^, of the genus
SEN'E-KA, [ poly gala,
SE-NES'CENCE, n, [L. senesco,] The state of growing old ;
decay by_time. Woodward,
*SEN'ES-CHAL, n. [Fr. senechal ; It. siniscalco ; Sp. sen-
escal ; G. seneschalL] A steward ; an officer in the houses
of princes and dignitaries, who has the superintendence
of feasts and domestic ceremonies.
SEN'GREEN, n. A plant, the houseleek.
Se'NILE, a, [L. senilis,] Pertaining to old age ; proceeding
from age. Boyle,
SE-NIL'I-TY, n. Old age. [JVot much used.] Boswell.
SeN'IOR, (seen'yur) a. [L. senior, comp. oisenex.] Elder or
^Ider ; but, as an adjective, it usually signifies older in office.
SeN'IOR, (seen'yur) n. 1. A person who is older than
another ; one more advanced in life. 2, One that is older
in office, or one whose first entrance upon an office was
anterior to that of another. 3. An aged person ; one of
_the oldest inhabitants.
SeN-IOR'I-TY, (seen-yor'e-ty) 71. 1. Eldership; superior
age; priority of birth. 2. Priority in office.
SEN'NA, n, [Pers., Ar.] The leaf of the cassia senna, a na-
tive of the East, used as a cathartic.
SEN'NIGHT, (sen'nit) n. [contracted from sevennight, as
fortnight fxovci fourteennight.] The space of seven niglit'i
and days ; a week.
SE-NO€'U-LAR, a. [L. seni and oculus.] Having six eyes.
Derham,
t SEN"S^A-TED, a. Perceived by the senses.
SEN-Sa'TION, n, [Fr. ; It sensazione ; Sp. sensacion.] The
perception of external objects by means of the senses
Encyc.
SENSE, (sens) n. [Fr. sens ; It. senso ; L, scnsus.] I. The
faculty of the soul by which it perceives external objects
by means of impressions made on certain organs of the
body. 2. Sensation ; perception by the senses. 3. Per-
ception by the intellect ; apprehension ; discernment. 4.
Sensibility; quickness or acuteness of perception. 5. Un-
derstanding ; soundness of faculties ; strength of natural
reason. 6. Reason ; reasonable or rational meaning. 7
Opinion ; notion ; judgment. 8. Consciousness ; convic-
tion. 9. Moral perception. 10. Meaning; import; sig-
See Synopsis, A, E, T, O, t) ?, long,—YAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete.
SEN
^41
SE?
niiication. — Common sense, that power of the mind which
enables the possessor to discern what is right, useful, ex-
pedient or proper, and adopt the best means to accomplish
his purpose. — Moral sense, a determination of tlie mind to
be pleased with the contemplation of those affections,
actions or characters of rational agents, which are called
good or virtuous.
t SENSED, pp. Perceived by the senses. Glanville.
SENSE'FUL, (sens'ful) a. Keasonable ; judicious.
SENSE'LESS, (sens'les) a. 1. Wanting the faculty of per-
ception. -2. Unfeeling ; wanting sympathy. 3. Unrea-
sonable ; foolish; stupid. 4. Unreasonable; stupid; act-
ing without sense or judgment. 5. Contrary to reason or
sound judgment. 6. Wanting knowledge ; unconscious.
7 Wanting sensibility or quick perception.
SENSE'LESS-LY, (sens'les-ly) adv. In a senseless manner 3
stupidly ; unreasonably.
SENSE'LESS-NESS, (sens'les-nes) n. Unreasonableness ;
folly ; stupidity ; absurdity. Grew.
SENS-I-BIL'i-TY, n. [Fr. sensibilite.] 1. Susceptibility of
impressions ; the capacity of feeling or perceiving the im-
pressions of external objects. 2. Acuteness of sensation,
y. Capacity or acuteness of perception ; that quality of the
soul which renders it susceptible of impressions ; delica-
cy of feeling. 4. Actual feeling. 5. It is sometimes
used in the plural. 6. Nice perception, so to speak, of a
balance ; that quality of a balance which renders it mova-
ble with the smallest weight. Lavoialer.
SENS'i-BLE, a. [Er., Sp. ; It. sensibile.] 1. Having tlie ca-
pacity of receiving impressions from external objects ; ca-
pable of perceiving by the instrumentality of the proper
organs. 2. Perceptible by the senses. 3. Perceptible or per-
ceived by the mind. 4. Perceiving or having perception,
either by the mind or the senses. Locke. 5. Having moral
perception ; capable of being affected by moral good or
evil. 6. Having acute intellectual feeling ; being easily
or strongly affected. 7. Perceiving so clearly as to be
convinced ; satisfied ; persuaded. 8. Intelligent ; dis-
cerning. 9. Moved by a very small weight or impulse.
10. Affected by a slight degree of heat or cold. 11. Con-
taining good sense or sound reason.
SENS'I-BLE, n. Sensation 3 also, whatever may be per-
ceived. [Little used.']
SENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Possibility of being perceived by
the senses. 2. Actual perception by the mind or body.
3. Sensibility ; quickness or acuteness of perception. 4.
Susceptibility ; capacity of being strongly affected, or ac-
tual feeling ; consciousness. 5. Intelligence ; reasona-
bleness ; good sense. 6. Susceptibility of slight impres-
sions.
SENS'I-BLY, ado. 1. In a manner to be perceived by the
senses ; perceptibly to the senses. 2. With perception,
either of mind or body. 3. Externally ; by affecting the
senses. 4. With quick intellectual perception. 5. With
intelligence or good sense ; judiciously.
SENS'I-TlVE, a. [It., Sp. sensitivo ; Fr. sertsitif ; L. sensi-
thms.] 1. Having sense or feeling, or having the capacity
of perceiving impressions from external objects. 2. That
affects the senses. 3. Pertaining to the senses, or to sen-
sation ; depending on sensation.
SENS'I-TiVE-LY, adv. In a sensitive manner.
gENS'I-TlVE-PLANT, n. A plant of the genus viimosa
[mimjc,] so called from the sensibility of its leaves.
SEN-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the sensory or sensorium.
SEN-SO'RI-UM, ) n. [from L. sensus, seiitio.] 1 . The seat of
SENS'0-RY, \ sense ; the brain and nerves. 2. Organ
of sense.
SENS'U-AL, a. [It. sensuale ; Sp. sensual ; Fr. sensuel.] 1.
Pertaining to the senses, as distinct from the mind or soul.
Pope. 2. Consisting in sense, or depending on it. j Af-
fecting the senses, or derived from them. Hence. 4. In
theology, carnal ; pertaining to the flesh or body, in oppo-
sition"to the spirit ; not spiritual or holy ; evil. James iii.
5. Devoted to the gratification of sense ; given to the in-
dulgence of the appetites ; lewd ; luxurious.
SENS' U-AL-IST, n. A person given to the indulgence of
the appetites or senses; one who places his chief happi-
ness in carnal pleasures.
SENS-U-AL'I-TY, u. [It. sensualitd ; Sp. sensiialidad ; Fr.
sensualite.] Devoiedness to the gratification of the bodily
appetites ; freeindulgence in carnal or sensual pleasures.
J5ENS-U-AL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of sensualizing ; the
state of being sensualized.
SENS'U-AL-iZE, v. t. To make sensual ; to subject to the
love of sensual pleasure ; to debase by carnal gratifica-
tions.
3ENS'U-AL-LY, adv. In a sensual manner.
fSENS'U-OUS, a. Tender; pathetic. Milton.
SENT, pret. and pp. of send.
SEN'TENCE, n. [Fr. ; It. sentenza ; Sp. sentencia.] 1. In
law, a judgment pronounced by a court or judge upon a
criminal ; a judicial decision publicly and officially de-
clared ni a criminal prosecution. — 2. In language not
technical, a determination or decision given, particularly
a decision that condemns, or an unfavorable delermjua-
tion. 3. An opinion ; judgment concerning a controvert
ed point, .dcts xv. 4. A maxim ; an axiom ; a short
saying containing moral instruction. 5. Vindication of
one's innocence. — 6. In grammar, a. period ; a number of
words containing complete sense or a sentiment, and fol-
lowed by a full pause.
SEN'TENCE, v. t. 1. To pass or pronounce the judgment
of a court on 3 to doom. 2. To condemn 3 to doom to
punishment.
SEN-TEN'TIAL, a. 1. Comprising sentences. J^ewcome.
2. Pertaining to a sentence or full period. Sheridan.
t SEN-TEN-Ti-OS'I-TY, n. Comprehension in a sentence.
SEN-TEN'TIOUS, a. [Fr. sententicuz ; It. scntenzioso.] 1.
Abounding with sentences, axioms and maxims 3 short
and energetic. 2. Comprising sentences,
SEN-TEN'TIOUS-LY, adv. In short, expressive periods;
with striking brevity. Broome.
SEN-TEN 'TIUUS-NESS, n. Pithiness of sentences 3 brevi
ty with strength. Dnjden.
SEN'TER-Y and SEN'TRY are corrupted from sentinel.
SEN'TIENT, (sen'shent) a. [L. sentiens.] 1. That per-
ceives ; having the faculty of perception.
SEN'TIENT, n. 1. A being or person that has the faculty
of perception. 2. He that perceives.
SEN'TI-MENT, n. [Fr. : It. sentiviento ; Sp. sentimievto.]
1. Properly, a thought prompted by passion or feelmg. —
2» In a popular sense, thought ; opinion 3 notion ; judg-
ment ; the decision of the mind formed by deliberation or
reasoning. 3. The sense, thought or opinion contained
in words, but considered as distinct from them. 4. Sensi-
bility ; feeling.
SEN-TI-MENT'AL, a. I. Abounding with sentiment or
just opinions or reflections. 2. Expressing quick mtel
lectua! feeling, 3. Affecting sensibility.
SEN-TI-MENT'AL-IST, n. One that affects sentiment, fine
feeling or exquisite sensibility.
SEN-Tf-MENT'AL-I-TY, n. Affectation of fine feeling or
exquisite sensibility. Warton.
SENT'I-NEL, n. [Fr. sentinellc ; It., Port, sentinella ; Sp.
ccntinela.] In military affairs, a soldier set to watch or
guard an army, camp or other place from surprise, to ob-
serve the approach of danger and give notice of it.
SEN'TRY, n. Guard 3 watch 3 the dutv of a sentinel.
SEN'TRY-BOX, ?!. A box to cover a 'sentinel at his post,
and shelter him from the weather.
Se'PAL, n. [from L. sepio.] In ftotaji?/, the small leaf or part
of a calyx. A''ecker.
SEP-A-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being separable,
or of admitting separation or disunion.
SEP'A-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. separaL'ilis.] That may be
separated, disjoined, disunited or rent.
SEP'A-RA-BLE-NESS, ?i. The quality of being capable of
separation or disunion. Boyle.
SEP'A-RATE, v. t. [L. separo ; Fr. separer ; It. scparare ,
Sp. separar.] 1. To disunite 3 to divide; to sever; to
part, in almost any manner, either things naturally or
casually joined. 2. To set apart from a number for apar-
ticular service. 3. To disconnect. 4. To make a space
between.
SEP'A-RATE, v. i. 1. To part; to be disunited ; to be dis-
connected ; to withdraw from each other. 2. To cleave 3
to open.
SEP'A-RATE, a. [L, separatus.] ]. Divided from the
rest ; being parted from another 3 disjoined 3 disconnect-
ed. 2. Unconnected ; not united 3 distinct. 3. Disu-
nited from the body.
SEP'A-RA-TED, pp. Divided; parted ; disunited.
SEP'A-RATE-LY, adv. In a separate or unconnected
state ; apart 3 distinctly ; singly.
SEP'A-RATE-NESS, n. The state of being separate.
SEP'A-RA-TING, ppr. Dividing 5 disjoining 3 putting or
driving asunder; disconnecting; decomposing.
SEP-A-Ra'TION, n. [Fr. ; lu. separatin ; It. separazionc i
Sp. separaciMt.'] 1. The act of separating, severing or
disconnectii'^; disjunction. 2. The state of being sepa-
rate ; disunion 3 disconnection, 3. The operation of dis-
uniting or decomposing substances ; chemical analysis.
4. Divorce ; disunion of married persons.
SEP'A-RA-TIST, 71. [Fr. scparatiste.] One that withdraws
from a church, or rather from an established church, to
which he has belonged 3 a dissenter 5 a seceder 3 a schis-
matic ; a sectary.
SEP'A-RA-TOR, n. One that divides or disjoins 3 a di-
vider.
SEP'A-RA-TO-RY, a. That separates. [L- «,] Cheyne.
SEP'A-RA-TO-RY, v. A chemical vessel for separating
liquors ; and a surgical instrument for separating the peri-
cranium from the cranium.
SE-PAWN', or SE-PON', n. A species of food consisting
of riieal of maize boiled in water.
t SEP'IE-I-BLE, a. That may be buried. Bailey.
SEP'I-MENT, 7(. [L. sepiinentum.] A hedge 3 a fence 3
something that separates or defends.
* See Synoims. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 5 TH as in this. Obsolete
SEQ
742
SER
• J^E-PoSE', V t. [li. sepono, sepositus.] To set apart.
Donne.
■j SEP-0-Sl"TION, 71. The act of setting apart ; segrega-
Jion.
Se'POY, n. A native of India, employed as a soldier in the
service of European powers.
SEPS, 7t. [L.] A species of venomous eft or lizard.
SEPT, 71. A clan, race or family, proceeding from a com-
mon progenitor ; used of the races or families in Ireland.
Spenser,
SEP-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. septem and angulus.] Having
seven angles or sides.
SEP-Ta RI-A, n. [L. septa.] A name given to nodules
or spheroidal masses of calcarious marl.
SEP-TEM'BER, 7!. [L. septem; Fr. septembre ; It. settem-
bre ; Sp. septiembre.] The seventh month from March,
which was formerly the first month of the year. Septem-
ber is now the ninth month of the year.
PEP-TEM'PAR-TITE, a. Divided into seven parts.
,SEP'TEN-A-RY, a. [Fr. septcnaire ; It. settenario ; Sp. sep-
tenario ; L. septenarius.] Consisting of seven.
SEP'TEN-A-RY, n. The number seven. Burnet.
SEP-TEN'NI-AL, a. [L. septennis.] 1. Lasting or con-
tinuing seven years. 2. Happening or returning once in
every seven years.
SEP-TEN'TRI-ON, n. [Fr. ; L. septentrio.] The north or
northern regions. Shak.
SEP-TEN'TR[-0N, ) a. [li.septentrionalis.] Northern;
SEP-TEN'TRI-0-NAL, \ pertainijig to the north.
t^EP-TEN-TRI-O-NAL'I-TY, n. Northerlmess.
SEP-TEN'TRI-O-NAL-LY, ado. Northerly; towards the
north.
PEP-TEN'TRI-0-NATE, v. i. To tend northerly. Brown.
SEPT'FOIL, 71. [L. septem and folium.] A plant of the ge-
nus tormentilla.
SEP'T1€, or SEP'TI-€AL, a. [Gr. tmnriKos.] I. Having
power to promote putrefaction. 2. Proceeding from or
generated by putrefaction.
SEP'TI€, 71. A substance that promotes the putrefaction of
bodies. Encyc.
SEP-TIC'I-TY, n. Tendency to putrefaction. Fourcrov.
SEP-TI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. septem and latas.] Having
seven sides. Brown
SEP-TIN'SU-LAR, a [L septem and insula.] Consisting
of seven isles ; as, the scptinsular republic. Quart. Rev.
SEP-TU-AG'EN-A-RY, a. [Fr. septuagetiaire ; L. septua-
jTcnarius.] Consisting of seventy. Brown.
SEP-TU-AG'EN-A-RY, n. A person seventy years of ase.
SEP-TU-A-GES'I-MA, n. [L. septuarresimus.] The third
Sunday before Lent, or before Quadragesima Sunday.
SEP-TQ-A-GES'I-MAL, a. Consisting of seventy.
SEP'TU-A-GINT, 71, [L. septuaiTuita.] A Greek version of
the Old Testament, so called because it was the v/ork of
seventy, or rather of seventy-two iiiterpreters. .
SEP'TU-A-GINT, a. Pertaining to the Septuagint; con-
tained in the Greek copy of the Old Testament.
SEP'T(J-A-RY, n. [L. septem.] Something composed of
seven ; a week. [Little used.] Cole.
SEPTU-PLE, a. [Low L. septuplez.] Seven-fold.
SE-PUL'CHRAL, a. [L. sepulchralis.] Pertaining to burial,
to the grave, or to monuments erected to the memory of the
dead.
SEP UL-CHRE, ) 71. [Fr. sepulchre; Sp., Port, sepulcro ;
SEP'UL-€HER, i It. sepolcro ; L.. sejmlchrum .] A grave;
a tomb ; the place in which the dead body of a human
being is interred.
SEP UL-CHRE, V. t. To bury ; to inter ; to entomb.
SEP'UL-TURE, 71. [Fr. ; It. sepultura.] Burial; inter-
ment ; the act of depositing the dead body of a human
being in the grave.
SE-aUA'CIOUS, a. [L. seguax.] 1. Following; attend-
ant. 2. Ductile ; pliant ; [little used.]
SE-aUA CIOUS-NESS, 7i. State of being sequacious ; dis-
position to follow. Taylor.
SE-aUAC'I-TY, 71. 1. A following, or disposition to fol-
jow. 2. Ductility; pliableness; [little used.] Bacon.
SE'aUEL, 71. [Fr. se^Jie/Ze; L., It.,Sp sequela.] 1. That
which follows, a succeeding part. 2. Consequence ; event.
3. Consequence inferred ; consequentialness ; [I. u.]
Se'QUENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. sequens.] 1. A following, or
that which follows ; a consequent. 2. Order of succession.
3. Series ; arrangement ; method. — 4. In music, a regular
_aliernate succession of similar chords.
SK'Q,UENT, a. 1. Following ; succeeding. 2 Consequen-
tial ; [little used.]
tSE'CiUENT, 72 A follower. SAffifc.
SE-CilJ^ES'TER, V. t. [Fr. sequestrer ; It. scquestrai-e ; Sn.
spqursfrar; how Li. sequestra.] 1. To separate from the
owner for a time ; to seize or take possession of some
pro]h' rty which belongs to anotlier, and hold it till the
Profit:' have paid tlie demand for which it is taken. 2.
o tahe from parties in controversy and put into the pos-
session of an mdifferent person. 3. To put aside; tore-
move ; to separate from other things. 4. To sequester
one's self, to separate one's self from society ; to with-
draw or retue. 5. To cause to retire or withdraw mto
obscurity.
SE-aUES'TER, V. i. To decline, as a widow, any concern
with the estate of a husband.
SE-aUES'TERED,j;;). Seized and detained fo> u time, to
satisfy a demand ; separated ; secluded ; private.
SE-aUES'TRA-BLE, a. That may be sequestered or sepa-
rated ; subject or liable to sequestration.
SE-aUES'TRATE, v. t. To sequester.
SE-aUES-TRA'TION, n. 1. The act of taking a thing
from parties contending for it, and intrusting it to an in-
difierent person. — 2. In the civil law, the. act of the ordi-
nary, disposing of the goods and chattels of one deceased,
whose estate no one will meddle with. 3. The act of
taking property from the owner for a time, till the rents,
issues and profits satisfy a demand. 4. The act of seizing
the estate of a delinquent for the use of the state. 5. Sep-
aration ; retirement; seclusion from society. 6. State of
being separated or set aside. 7. Disunion; disjunction;
[obs.]
* SE-QUES-TRa'TOR, 7?. 1. One that sequesters property,
or takes the possession of it for a time, to satisfy a demand
out of its rents or profits. 2. One to whom the keepbig
of sequestered property is committed.
Se'QUIN, n. A gold com of Venice and Turkey. See Ze-
CHIN.
SE-RAGL'IO, (se-ral'yo) n. [Fr. serail ; Sp. serrallo : It.
se-n-aglio.] The palace of the grand seignior or Turkish
sultan, or the palace of a prmce.
SER'APH, 71. ; plu. Seraphs ; but sometimes the Hebrew
plural. Seraphim, is used, [from Heb. ^Tty, to burn.]
An angel of the highest order.
SE-RAPH'IC, )a. 1. Pertaining to a seraph; angelic ;
SE-RAPH'I-Cx^L, ) sublime. 2. Pure; refined from seu-
sualitv. 3. Burning or inflamed with love or zeal.
SER'A-PHIM, 71. [the Hebrew plural of seraph.] Angels
of the highest order in the celestial hierarchy.
SE-RAS'KIER, n. A Turkish general or commander of
land forces.
SE-RASS', 7!. A fowl of the East Indies of the crane kind.
SERE, a. Dry ; withered ; usually written sear.
fSERE, ?;. A claw or talon, Chapman.
SER-E-NaDE', 71. [Fr. ; It., Sp. serenata.] 1. An enter-
tainment of music given in the night by a lover to his
mistress under her window. 2. Music performed in the
streets during the stillness of the night. Addison.
SER-E-NaDE', v. t. To entertain with nocturnal music
SER-E-NaDE', v. i. To perform nocturnal music.
SE-Re'NA GUT'TA. See Gutta Serena.
SER-E-Na'TA, n. A vocal piece of music on an amorous
subject. Busby.
SE-ReNE', a. [Fr. serein ; It., Sp. sereno ; L. sere7j«^.] 1.
Clear or fair, and calm. 2. Bright^ Pope. 3. Calm ; unruf-
fled ; undisturbed. 4. A title given to several prhices and
magistrates in Europe.
fSE-RENE', n. A cold, damp evening. B. Jonson.
SE-ReNE', v. t. ]. To make clear and calm; to quiet. 2
To clear ; to brighten. Philips.
SE-ReNE'LY, a/Zy. Calmly ; quietly. Pope. 2. With ua-
ru filed temper ; coolly. Prior.
SE-REi\'E'NESS, n. The state of being serene ; serenity.
fSE-REN't-TUDE, 71. Calmness. Wotton.
SE-REN'I-TY, ?(. [Fr. serenite ; L. serenitas.] 1. Clear-
ness and calmness. 2. Calmness ; quietness ; stillness ;
peace. 3. Calmness of mind; evenness of temper; un-
disturbed state ; coolness. 4. A title of respect.
SERF,?!. [Fr. .serf ; Tu. servus.] A servant or slave em-
ployed in husbandry, and, in some countries, attached to
the soil and transferred with it.
SERGE, 7!. [Fr. serge ; Sp. xerga.] A woolen, quilted stuff,
manufactured in a loom with four treddles, after the man
ner of ratteens.
SER'GEAN-CY, ?!. The office of a seraeant at law. Hacket
SER'GEANT, (sar'jent) v. [Fr. sergeut ; It. sergente ; Sp.,
Port, sargento.] 1. Formerly, an ofiicer in England,
nearly answering to the more 'modern bailiff of the hun-
dred ; also, an officer whose duty was to attend on the
king, and on the lord high steward in court, to arrest
traitors and other off'enders. — 2. In military affairs, a
non-commissioned officer. — 3. In England, a lawyer of
the highest rank, and a]iswering to the doctor of the civil
law. 4. A title sometimes given to the kiisg's servants.
SER'GEANT-RY, (sar'jent-ry) n. In England, sergeantry
is of two kinds; grand scrcreavtrit and petit sergeantry
Grand sergeantry is a particular kind of knight-service
a tenure by which the tenant was bound to do some spe-
cial honorary service to the king in person. — Petit ser
geantry was a tenure by which the tenant was bound to
renderto the king, annually, some small implement of
war, as a bow.
SER'GEANT-SHIP, (sar'jent-ship) n. The office of a ser-
geant.
SERGE'-MaK-ER, 71. A manufacturer of serges.
♦ See Synopsis A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD j
t Obsolete
SER
743
SER
SE-RI"CEOUS, a [1, «ericjt6-.] Pertaining to silk j consist-
ing of silk ; silky — In botany, covered with very soft
Jiairs pressed close to the surface.
Se'RIES, h. [L.] 1. A continued succession of things in
the same order, and bearing the same relation to each
other. 2. Sequence; order ; course ; succession of things.
— 3. In natural history, an order or subdivision of some
class of natural bodies. — 4. In arithmetic and algebra, a
number of terms in succession, increasing or diminishing
in a certain ratio.
SER'IN, n. A song bird of Italy and Germany.
SE'RI-OCJS, a. [Fr. eerieux ; Sp. serio ; It. serio, scrioso ;
L. serius.] 1. Grave in manner or disposition ; solemn ;
not light, gay or volatile. 2. Really intending what is
said ; being in earnest ; not jesting or making a false pre-
tense. 3. Important ; weighty ; not trifling. 4. Partic-
ularly attentive to religious concerns or one's own reli-
gious state.
Se'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Gravely ; solemnly ; in earnest ;
_}vithout levity.
Sk'KI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Gravity of manner or of mind;
solemnity. 2. Earnest attention, particularly to religious
concerns.
tSER-MOC-I-NA'TION, 7z. Speech-making. Peafham.
t SER-MOC-I-Na'TOR, n. One that makes sermons or
speeches.
SER'MON, n. [Pr. ; L. sermo.'\ 1. A discourse delivered
in public by a clergyman for the purpose of religious in-
struction. 2. A printed discourse.
SER'MON, V. t. 1. To discourse as in a sermon ; \l. u.']
2. To tutor ; to lesson ; to teach ; [1. m.] Shak.
SER'MON, V. i. To compose or deliver a sermon. [L^ w.]
tSER'MON-iNG, n. Discourse ; instruction ; advice.
C/tfliicer.
SER'MON-iZE, V. i. I. To preach. Bp. JVicholson. 2. To
inculcate rigid rules. Chesterfield. 3. To make seiinons ;
to compose or write a sermon or sermons. [Thics used in
the United States.]
SER'MON-lZ-ER, n. One that composes sermons.
SER'MON-lZ-ING, ppr. Preaching 3 inculcating rigid pre-
cepts ; composing sermons.
SER'MOLTN-TArN, n. A plant; laserwort; seseli.
SE-ROON', n. [Sp. seron.] A quantity ; bale or package.
SE-ROS'I-TY, n. [Fr. serosite.] In medicine, the watery
part of the blood. Encyc.
SER'O-TINE, n. A species of bat.
Se'ROUS, a. [Fr. sereux.] 1. Thin ; watery ; like whey.
2. Pertaining to serum. Arbuthnot.
SERTENT, n. [L. sei-pens.'] 1. An animal of the order
scrpentes, [creepers, crawlers,] of the class amphibia. — 2.
In astronomy, a constellation in tlie northern hemisphere.
3. An instrument of music, serving as a base to the cor-
net or small shawm. 4. Figuratively, a subtil or malicious
person. — 5. Jn raytJioloffy, a symbol c.f the san. Encyc.
SER'PENT-etT'eUM-BER, n. A plant.
SER'PENT-eAT'ER, m. A fowl of Africa.
SER'PENT-FISH,,n. A fish of the genus tjinia.
SER'PENT'S-ToNGUE, n. A plant.
SER-PEN-Ta'RI-A, 71 A plant, called also snake-root.
SER-PEN-Ta'RI-US, n A constellation in the northern
hemisphere, containing seventy-four stars.
SER'PEN-TZNE, a. [L. serpentinus.'] 1. Resembling a
serpent ; usually, winding or turning one way and the
other, like a moving serpent ; anfractuous. 2. Spiral ;
twisted. 3. Like a serpent ; having the color or proper-
ties of a serpent.
SER'PEN-TINE, v. I To wind like a serpent ; to meander.
SERiPEN-TINE, { n. A species of talck or magne-
SER'PEN-TINE-STONE, ] sian stone.
SER'PENT-iZE, v. i. To wind ; to turn or bend, first in
one direction and then in the opposite ; to meander.
t SER'PET, n. A basket. Ainswurth.
SER-PIG'IN-OUS, a. [L. serpigo.] Affected with serpigo.
* SER-PI'GO^ ?i. [L.] A kind of herpes or tetter; called,
in popular language, a ringioorm. Kncyc.
SER'PU-LITE, /t. Petrified shells or fossil remains of the
genus scrpula. Jameson.
fSERR, V. £. [Fx. server ; Sp., Port, cerrar.] To crowd,
press or drive together. Bacoa.
SER'RATE, ) a. [L. serratus.] Jagged; notched; in-
SER'RA-TED, ] dented on the edge, like a saw.
SER-R A'TION, n. Formation in the shape of a saw.
SERiRA.-TfJRE, 71. An indenting or indenture in the edge
of any thing, like those of a saw. Martyn.
SER'ROUS, a. Like the teeth of a saw ; irregular. [L. ?t.]
SER'RU-LATE, a. Finely serrate ; having minute teeth.
tSEU'RY,-?;. t. [Fr. serrcr.] To crowd ; to press together.
Milton.
Se'RUM, 71. [L.] 1. The thin, transparent part of the
blood. 2. The thin part of milk ; whey.
SER'VAL, 71. An animal of the feline genus.
SERVANT, 71. [Fr. ; L. servans.] 1. A person that at-
tends another for the purpose of performing menial offices
for him, or who is employed by another for such ofiices or
for other labor, and is subject to Ins command. Iixb
word is correlative to master. Servant diflers from slave
as the servant's subjection to a master is voluntary, the
slave's is not. Every slave is a servant, but every ser-
vant is not a slave. 2. One in a state of subjection.— 3
In Scripture, a slave ; a bondman. 4. 'J'he subject ot
a king. 2 Sam. viii. 5. A person who voluutarily serves
another or acts as his minister. Is. xlii. 6. A person en-
ployed or used as an instrument in accomplishing God's
purposes. 7. One who yields obedience to another. 8
That which yields obedience, or acts in subordination as
an instrument. Ps. cxix. 9. One that makes painful
sacrifices in compliance with the weakness or wants of
others. 1 Cor. ix. 10. A person of base condition or ig-
noble spirit. Eccles.x. 11. A word of civility. Swift
t SERVANT, V. t. To subject. Shak.
SERVE, (serv) v. t. [Fr. servir ; it. servlre ; Sp. servir
L. servio.] 1. To work for ; to bestow the labor of body
and mind in the employment of another. 2. To act as
the minister of ; to perform official duties to. 3. To at-
tend at command : to wait on. 4. To obey servilely or
meanly. 5. To supply with food. 6. To be subservient
or subordinate to. 7. To perform the duties required in
8. To obey ; to perform duties in the eniplojoTient of. 9
To be sufficient to, or to promote. 10. To help by good
offices. 11. To comply with; to submit to 12. To be
sufficient for ; to satisfy ; to content. 13. To be in tnc
place of any thing to one. 14. To treat ; to requite. — 15,
In Scripture and theology, to obey and worship ; t3 act in
conformity to the law of a superior, arid treat him with
due reverence. — 16. In a bud sense, to obey ; to yield com-
pliance or act according to. 17. 'J'o worship ; to ren-
der homage to. 18. To be a slave to ; to be in bondage
to. Gen. XV. — 19. To serve one^s self of, to use ; to make
use of; a Gallicism, [se servir de.] '20. To use; to man-
age ; to apply. — 21. In seamen^s language, to wind some-
thing round a rope to prevent friction.
To serve up, to prepare and present in a dish. — To serve out,
to distribute in portions. — To serve a writ, to read it to
the defendant ; or to leave an attested copy at his usual
place of abode. —'jTo serve an attachment, or writ of attach-
vient, to levy it on the person or goods by seizure ; or to
seize. — To serve an execution, to levy it on lands, goods
or person by seizure or taking possession. — "To serve a
warrant, to read it, and to seize the person against whom
it is issued. — To serve an office, to discharge a public duty.
SERVE, (serv) v. i. 1. To "be a servant or slave. 2. 'J'o
be employed in labor or other business for another. Gen.
xxix. 3. To be in subjection. /s. xliii. 4. To wait ; to at-
tend ; to perform domestic offices to another. Ltike x. 5.
To perform duties, as in the army, navy, or in any office.
6. I'o answer ; to accomplish the end. 7. To be suffi-
cient for a purpose. 8. To suit ; to be convenient. 9.
To conduce ; to be of use. 10. To ofliciate or minister;
to do the honors of.
SERVED, pp. Attended ; waited on ; worshiped ; levied.
SERVICE, 71. [Fr. ; It. serviiio ; Sp. servicio ; L. servitium.]
1. In a general sense, labor of body, or of body and mind,
performed at the command of a superior, or in pursuance
of duty, or for tlie benefit of another. 2. The business of
a servant; menial office. 3. Attendance of a servant.
4. Place of a servant ; actual employment of a servant.
5. Any thing done by way of duty to a superior. 6. At-
tendance on a superior. 7. Profession of respect uttered
or sent. 8. Actual duty ; that which is required to uc
done in an office. 9. That which God requires of man
worship ; obedience. 10. Employment ; business ; of-
fice. 11. Use ; purpose. 12. Military duty by land ot
sea. 13. A military achievement. 14. Useful office ; ad-
vantage conferred. 15. Favor. IG. The duty which a
tenant owes to his lord for his fee. 17. Public worship,
or office of devotion. 18. A musical church coroposif'on
consisting of choruses, trios, duets, solos, &c J 9. Tlie
official duties of a minister of the gospel, as in church, at
a funeral, marriage, &c. 20. Course ; order of dishes at
table. — 21. In seamen's language, the materials used for
serving a rope, as spun-yarn, sixiall lines, &c. 22. A tree
and its fruit, of the genus sorbets.
SERViCE-A-BLE, a. 1. That does service ; that pro-
motes happiness, interest, advantage or any good ; useful j
beneficial ; advantageous. 2. Active ; diligent ; officious.
SER VICE- A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Usefulness in promoting
good of any kind ; beneficialness. 2. Officiousness ;
readiness to do service.
t SERVI-ENT, a. [h. serviens.] Subordinate. Dyer.
SERVILE, a. [Fr. ; L. servilis.] 1. Such as pertains 10 a
servant or slave ; slavish ; mean ; such as proceeds from
dependence. 2. Held in subjection ; dependent 3.
Cringing; fawning; meanly submissive.
SERViLE-LY, adv. I. Meanly; slavishly; with base
' submission or obsequiousness, 2. With base deference
to another. „ ,
SERVILE-NESS, ) n. Slavery ; the condition of a slave or
SER-VIL'I-TY, bondman. 2. Mean submission ;
♦ Sec Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete
SET
744
SET
baseness ; slavishness.
ish deference.
3. Mean obsequiousness ; slav-
SERV ING, ppr. Working for ; acting in subordination to ;
worshiping; also, performing duties.
SERV'IJVG-.MaID, w. A female servant ; a menial.
SERV IXG-MAIv, n. A male servant ; a menial.
•SEE.V'1-TOR, n. [It. servitore j Sp. servidor : Fr. serviteur.']
1. A servant ; an attendant. 2. One that acts under an-
other ; a follower or adherent. 3. One that professes du-
ty and obedience. Shak. — 1. In the universiuj of Oxford,
a student who attends on another for his maintenance
and learning ; such as is called, in Cambridge, a. sizer.
SERY'I-TOR-SHIP, n. Tlie office of a sei-vitor.
SERV'I-TUDE, 71. [Fr. ; L. ^ercitudo.] 1. The condition
of a slave ; the state of involuntary subjection to a mas-
ter; slavery; bondage. 2. The state of a servant. 3.
The condition of a conquered country. 4. A state of
slavish dependence. 5. Servants, collectively ; [obs.]
SES'AME, In. [Fr. sesame; It. sesame; L. iresama.]
SES'A-MUM, j Oily grain ; a genus of annual herbaceous
plants, from the seeds of which an oil is expressed.
SES'B.US^, 71. A plant ; a species of cEschynomene.
SES'E-LI, 7(. [L., Gr. ceatXi.'] A genus of plants ; meadow
saxifrage ; hartwort. Encyc.
SES-aUI-AL'TER, ) a. [L.] 1. In geometry, desig-
SES-CiUi-AL'TER-AL, ^ nating a ratio where one quan-
tity or number contains another once, and half as much
more ; as 9 contains 6 and its half. — 2. A sesquialteral
floret is when a large fertile floret is accompanied with a
small abortjve one.
SES-aUI-Du PLI-€ATE, a. [L. sesqui and duplicates.]
Designating the ratio of two and a half to one.
* SES-aUIP'E-DAL, I a [L. sesqui and pedaKs.] Con-
SES-aUIP-E-DA'LI-AN, \ taining a foot and a half.
SES-aUIP'LI-CATE, a. [L, sesqui and plicatus.] Desig-
nating the ratio of one and a half to one.
SES-atJI-TER'TIAN, ; a. [L. sesqui and tertius.] Des-
SES-aUI-TER TION-AI-, ] ignating the ratio of one
and one third.
SES Q,(jI-T0NE, 7!. In musics a minor third, or interval of
three semitones. Busby.
SESS, 71. [L. sessio.] A tax. [L. u.] See Assessment.
SES'SlLE, a. [L. sessilis.] In botany, sitting on the stem.
SES'SION, «. [Fr.; L. se^sia.] 1. A sitting or being placed.
2. The actual sitting of a court, council, legislature, &c.
3. The time, space or term during which a court, council,
legislature and the like, meet daily for business. — 4. Sto--
siins, in some of the States, is particularly used for a court
of justices, held for granting licenses to innkeepers or
taverners, for laying out new highways or altering old
ones, and the like.
SESS'-POOL, n. A cavity sunk in the earth to receive and
retain the sediment of water conveyed in drains.
SESTERCE, n. [Fr. ; L. sestertius.] A Roman coin, in
value the fomth part of a denarius, about two pence ster-
ling or four cents. — The sestertium, that is, s ester tiump on-
du-f, was two pounds and a half, or two hundred and
fifty denarii ; about seven pounds sterling, or thirty one
dollars.
SET, c. t.; pret. and pp. set. [Sax. saitan, setan, settan ; L.
sedo : G.setzen; D. zetten ; Sw. satta ; Dan. setter.] I.
To put or place ; to fix or cause to rest in a standing pos-
ture. 2. To put or place in its proper or natural posture.
3. To put, place or fix in any situation. 4. To put into
any condition or state. 5. To put; to fix ; to attach to.
6. To fix ; to render motionless. 7. To put or fix, as a
price. 8. To fix ; to state by some rule. 9. To regulate
or adjust: as to se£ a time-piece by the sun. 10. To fit
to music . u> adapt with notes. 11. To pitch; to begin to
sing '.n public. 12. To plant, as a shrub, tree or vegeta-
ble. 13. To variegate, intersperse or adorn with some-
thing fixed ; to stud. 14. To return to its proper place or
srate ; to replace ; to reduce from a dislocated or fractur-
ed state. 15. To fix; to place. 16. To fix firmly; to
predetermine 17. To fix by appointment ; to appoint ;
to assign. 18. To place or station ; to appoint to a par-
ticular duty. 19. To stake at play ; [/. u.] 20. To ofier
a wager at dice to another ; [I. ?/.] 21. To fix in metal.
22. To fix ; to cause to stop ; to obstruct. 23. To embar-
rass ; to perplex. 24. To put in sood order : to fix for
use ; to bring to a fine edge. 25. To loose and extend ;
to sj)read. 26. To point out without noise or disturbance.
27. To oppose. 28. To prepare with runnet for cheese.
29. To dim ; to darken or extinguish.
'2'u set fry the compass, among seamen, to obsei-ve the bearing
or situation of a distant object by the compass. — To set
about, to begin, as an action or enterprise ; to apply to. —
To .-tet ove^s self against, to place in a state of enmity or
opp'sition. — To set against, to oppose ; to set in compari-
son — To ^■:i opart, to sejiarate to a particular use ; to sep-
•irate fro'in the rest. — To srt u.-ide. 1. To omit for the
present; to luy out of the question. 2. To reject. 3. To
."mnul ; to vacate. — To set abroach, to spread. — To set
a-going, to cause to begin to move. — To set by. 1. To
set apart or on one side ; to reject. 2. To esteem ; to re-
gard ; to value. — To set down. 1. To place upon tlie
ground or lioor. 2. To enter in writing ; to register. 3.
To explain or relate in writing. 4. To fix on a resolve ;
[I. u.] 5. To fix ; to establish ; to ordain.— 7'o set forth.
1. To manifest ; to otfer or present to view. Rom. iii. 2.
To publish ; to promulgate ; to make appear. 3. To send
out; to prepare and send; [obs.] 4. To display ; to ex-
hibit ; to present to view ; to show. — To set forward, to
advance; to move on; also, to promote. — To set in, to
put in the way to begin.— To set off. 1. To adorn ; to
decorate ; to embellish. 2. To give a pompous or fl-tter-
ing description of; to eulogize; to recommend. 3. To
place against as an equivalent. 4. To separate or assign
for a particular purpose. — 'To set unoiupon. 1. To in-
cite ; to instigate ; to animate to action. 2. To assault or
attack; seldom used transitively, but the passive form is
often used. 3. To employ, as in a task. 4. To fix the
attention ; to determine to any thing with settled purpose.
— To set out. 1. To assign; to allot. 2. To publish. 3.
To mark by boundaries or distinctions of space. 4. To
adorn ; to embellish. 5. To raise, equip and send forth ;
to furnish ; [i. v.] 6. To show ; to display ; to recom-
mend ; to set off. 7. To show J to prove; \Lu.] — 8. In
law, to recite ; to state at large. — To set up. 1. I'o erect.
2. lo begin a new institution ; to institute ; to establish ;
to found. 3. To enable to commence a new business.
4. To raise ; to exalt ; to put in power. 5. To place in
view. 6. To raise ; to utter loudly. 7. To advance ; to
propose as truth or for reception. 8. To raise from de-
pression or to a sufficient fortune. — 9. In seamen's lan-
guage, to extend, as the shrouds, stays, &c.— To set at
?iaMo-/;t, to undervalue ; to contemn ; to despise. — To set
in order, to adjust or arrange ; to reduce to method. — To
set eyes on, to see ; to behold ; to fasten tJie eyes on. — To
set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a painful sen-
sation. — To set over. 1. To appoint or constitute. 2. To
assign ; to transfer, to convey. — To set right, to correct;
to put in order. — To set at ea^e, to quiet ; to tranquilize. —
To set free, to release from confinement, imprisonment or
bondage ; to liberate ; to emancipate. — To set at icorh, to
cause to enter on work or action ; or to direct how to en-
ter on work. — To set on fire, to communicate fire to ; to in-
flame ; and, figuratively, to enkindle the passions ; to
make to rage ; to irritate. — To set before, to offer; to pro-
pose ; to present to view,
SET, r. i. 1. To decline ; to go down ; to pass below the
horizon. 2. To be fixed hard ; to be close or firm. 3. To
fit music to words. 4. To congeal or concrete. 5. To
begin a journey ; [obs.] 6. To plant. 7. To flow ; to
have a certain duection in motion. 8. To catch birds
with a dcg that sets them, that is, one that lies down and
points them out, and with a large net. — To set one's self
about, to begin ; to enter upon ; to take the first steps. —
To set one's self, to apply one's self. — To set about, to fall
on ; to begin ; to take the first steps in a business or en-
terprise. — To set in. 1. To begin. 2. To become settled
m a particular state. — To set forward, to move or march ;
to begin to maixh ; to advance, — To set on or %(pon. 1.
To begin a journey or an enterprise. 2. To assault ; to
make an attack. Skak. — To set out. 1. To begin a jour-
ney or course. 2. To have a begimiing. — To set to, to
apply one's self to. — To set up. 1. To begin business
or a scheme of life. 2. To profess openly ; to make pre-
tensions.
SET, pp. 1. Placed ; put ; located ; fixed ; adjusted ; com-
posed ; studded or adorned ; reduced, as a dislocated or
broken bone. 2. a. Regular; uniform; formal; as, a. set
speech. 3. Fixed in opinion ; determmed ; firm ; obsti-
nate. 4. Established ; prescribed.
SET, n. 1. A number or collection of things of the same
kind and of similar forai, which are ordinarily used to-
gether. 2. A number of things fitted to be used together,
though different in form. 3. A number of persons asso-
ciated ; as, a set of men. 4. A number of particular things
that are united in the formation of a whole. 5. A youjig
plant for growth. 6. The descent of the sun or other lu-
minarj- below the horizon. 7. A wager at dice. 8. A
name.
SE-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. seta.] 1. Bristly; set with strong
haiis; consisting of stronghairs. — 2. In *offl?;y/, bristle-shap-
ed ; having the tliickness and length of a bristle. — Setaceous
worm, a name given to a water-worm that resembles a
horse hair, vulgarly supposed to be an animated hair.
SET'DOWN, n. A powerful rebuke or reprehension. •
SET'-FOIL. See Sept-foil.
Sf.'TI-FORM, a. ['L.seta, and /or?n.] Having the form of a
bristle. Journ. of Science.
tSET'NESS, V. Regulation ; adjustment. Masters.
SET'-OFF, 7(. [setnndoff.] The act of admitting one claim
to counterbalance another. — In JVew England, offset is
sometimes used for set-off.
Se'TON, 7!. [Fr.] In surgery, a few horse hairs or small
threads, or a twist of silk, drawn through the skin, by a
* See Synopsi* A, E, I, o, V, -f, lojig.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
SET
745
SEW
large needle, by which a small opening is made and con-
tinued for the discharge of humors.
SE'TOUS, a. [It. setoso ; L. setosus.] In botany, bristly ;
having the surface set with bristles. Martyn.
SET-TEE', n. 1. A long seat with a back to it. 2. A ves-
sel witli one deck, and a very long, sharp prow, carrying
two or tliree masts with latteen fails ; used in the Mediter-
ranean.
SET'TER, 71. 1. One that sets. 2. A dog that beats the
field and starts birds for sportsmen. 3. A man that per-
forms the office of a setting-dog, or finds persons to be
plundered. 4. One that adapts words to music in com-
position. 5. Whatever sets oft', adorns or recommends :
[obs.]
SET'TER-WoRT, n. A plant, a species of helleborus.
SET'TIIN'G, ppr. Placing; putting; fixing; studding; ap-
pointing ; sinking below the horizon, <kc.
SET'TING, n. 1. The act of putting, placing, fixing or
establishing. 2. The act of sinking" below the horizon.
3. The act or manner of taking birds by a setting dog.
4. Tnclosure. 5. The direciion of a current at sea.
SET TING-DOG, 7z. A setter; a dog trained to find and
start birds for sportsmen.
SETTLE, n. [Sax. setl, settl ; G. sessel ; D. zetel.] A seat
or bench ; something to sit on. Dryden.
SET'TLE, V. t. 1. To place in a permanent condition after
wandering or fluctuation. 2. To fix; to establish; to
make permanent in any place. 3. To establish in busi-
ness or way of life. 4. To many 5. To establish ; to
confirm. 6. To determine what is uncertain ; to estab-
lish ; to free from doubt. 7. To fix ; to establish ; to
make certain or permanent. 8. To fix or establish ; not
to suffer to doubt or waver. 9. To make close or com-
pact. 10. To cause to subside after being heaved and
loosened by frost; or to dry and harden after rain. II.
To fix or establish by gift, grant or any legal act. 12. To
fix firmly. 13. To cause to sink or subside, as extrane-
ous matter in liquors. 14. To compose; to tranquilize
what is disturbed. 15. To establish in the pastoral of-
fice ; to ordain over a church and society, or parish. U.
States. Bosic ell. 16. To plant with inhabitants; to colo-
nize. 17. To adjust ; to close by amicable agreement or
otherwise. IS. To adjust ; to liquidate ; to balance, or to
pay. — To settle the land, among seamen, to cause it to sink
or appear lower by receding from it.
SET'TLE, V. i. 1. To fall to the bottom of liquor ; to sub-
side ; to sink and rest on the bottom. 2. To lose motion
or fermentation ; to deposit, as feces. 3. To fix one's
habitation or residence. 4. To marry and establish a do-
mestic state. 5. To become fixed after change or fluctu-
ation. 6. To become stationary; to quit a rambling or
irregular course for a permanent or methodical one. 7.
To become fixed or permanent ; to take a lasting form or
state. 8. To rest ; to repose. 9. To become calm ; to
cease from agitation. 10. To make a jointure for a wife.
11. To sink by its weight ; and, in loo.~e bodies, to become
more compact. 12. To sink after being heaved, and to
dry. 13. To be ordained or installed over a parish, church
or congregation. 14. To adjust differences or accounts ;
to come to an agreement.
SET'TLEn, pp. Placed ; established ; fixed ; determined ;
composed ; adjusted.
SET'TLED-NESS, n. The state of being settled ; confirm-
ed state. [Little used.] K. Charles.
SET'TLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of settling, or state of be-
ing settled. 2. The falling of the foul or foreign matter
of liquors to tlie bottom ; subsidence. 3. The matter
that subsides ; lees ; dregs ; \_obs.] 4. The act of giving
possession by legal sanction. 5. A jointure granted to a
wife, or the act of granting it. 6. The act of taking a do-
mestic state ; the act of marrying and going to house-
keeping. 7. A becoming stationary, or taking a perma-
nent residence after a roving course of life. 8. The act
of planting or establishing, as a colony ; also, the place,
or the colony established. 9. Adjustment ; liquidation ;
the ascertainment of just claims, or payment of the bal-
ance of an account. 10. Adjustment of diflerences ; pa-
cification ; reconciliation. 11. The ordaining or install-
jnent of a clergyman over a parish or congre^gation. 12.
A sum of money or other property granted to a minister
on his ordination, exclusive of his salary. 13. Legal res-
idence or establishment of a person in a particular parish
or town
SET'TLIXG, ppr. Placing; fixinii ; establishing; regulat-
ing ; adjusting ; planting ; subsiding ; composing ; ordain-
ing or installing.
SET'TLIXG, n. 1. The act of making a settlement ; a
planting or colonizing. 2. The act of subsiding, as lees.
3. The adjustment of diflferences. — 4. SeMZ(?i^5,"plu. lees ;
dreus ; sediment.
?ET-To , n. Anarsniment; a debate. Brocl-ett.
SET WALL, n. [set ami wall.] A plant. The garden set-
wall is a species of Valeriana.
;, seofan; Goth, .rib^: n D.
Four and three ; one more
SEVEN, (sev'n) a. [Sax. seofi
leeven ,- G. sieben ; L. septem.]
than six or less than eight.
SEV'EN-FoLD, a. [seven and fold.] Repeated seven times ;
doubled seven times.
SEV'EN-FoLD, adv. Seven times as much or often.
SEVEN-MGHT, (sen'nit) n. [seven and night.] A week :
the period of seven days and nights. — Sevennight is now
contracted into sennight, which see.
SEV EN-S€ORE, 7i. [seven and score.] Seven times twen
ty, that is. a hundred and forty. Bacon.
SEVEN-TEEN, a. [Sax. seofontyne.] Seven and ten.
SEVEX-TEENTH, a. [from seventeen.] The ordinal of
seventeen ; the seventh after the tenth.
SEVENTH, a. [iyax. seofetha.] 1. The ordinal of seven ;
the first after the sixth. 2. Containing or being one part
in seven.
SEVENTH, n. 1. The seventh part; one part in seven.—
2. In music, a dissonant interval or heptachord.
SEVENTH-LY, ado. In the seventh place. Bacon.
SE VEN-TI-ETH, a. [from seveiity.^ The ordinal of sev-
enty.
SEVEN-TY, a. [D. zeventig.] Seven times ten.
SEV'EN-Tl' , 71. The Septuagmt or seventy translators of
the Old Testament into the Greek language.
SEVER, ^'. f. [Fr. sevrer : It. sevrare.] 1. To part or di-
vide by violence ; to separate by cutting or rending. 2.
To part from the rest by violence. 3. To separate ; to
disjoin, as distinct things, but united. 4. To separate
and put in different orders or places. 5. To disjoin; to
disunite ; in a general sense, but usually implying vio-
lence. 6. To keep distinct or apart. Ex. viii. — 7. In law,
to disunite ; to disconnect ; to part possession.
SEV'ER, V. i. 1. To make a separation or distinction ; to
distinguish. 2. To suffer disjunction; to be parted or
rent asunder. Shak.
SEVER-AL, a. [from sever.] 1. Separate ; distinct ; not
common to two or more. 2. Separate ; different ; dis-
tinct. 3. Divers; consisting of a number: more than
~ two, but not very many. 4. Separate ; single , particu-
lar. 5. Distinct ; appropriate.
SEV'ER-AL, 71. 1. Each particular, or a small number,
singly taken. 2. An inclosed or separate place ; inclos-
ed ground ; [obs.] — In several, in a state of separation ;
[little used.]
t SEV-ER-AL'I-TY, n. Each particular singly taken ; dis-
tinction. Bp. Hall.
t SEVER-AL-IZE, v. t. To distinguish. Bp. Hall.
SEVER-AL-LY, adv. Separately ; distinctly ; apart from
others.
SEVER-AL-TY, ti. A state of separation from the re'^t, or
from all others.
SEVER-ANCE, n. Separation ; the act of dividing or disu-
niting.
SE-VeRE', a. [Fr.; L. severus ; It., Sp. severo.] I. Rigid ;
harsh ; not mild or indulgent. 2. Sharp ; hard ; rigorous.
3. Very strict ; or sometimes, perhaps, unreasonably strict
or exact ; giving no indulgence. 4. Rigorous, perhaps
cruel. 5. Grave; sober; sedate to an extreme. 6. Rig-
idly exact ; strictly methodical ; not lax or airy. 7. Sharp ;
afflictive ; distressing ; violent. 8. Sharp ; biting ; ex-
treme. 9. Close ; concise ; not luxuriant. 10. Exact ;
critical ; nice.
SE-VeRE'LY, adv. 1. Harshly ; sharply. 2. Strictly ;
rigorously. 3. With extreme rigor. 4. Painfully ; af-
flictively ; greatlv. 5. Fiercely ; ferociously.
SEV'ER-ITE, 71. A mineral found near St. Sever.
SE-VEU'I-TY, 7!. [L. severitas.] 1. Harshness; rig'r;
austerity ; want of mildness or indulgence. 2. Rigor ;
extreme strictness. 3. Excessive rigor ; extreme degree
or amount. 4. Extremity ; quality or power of distress-
ing. 5. Extreme degree.' 6. Extreme coldness or inclem-
ency. 7. Harshness"; cruel treatment ; sharpness of pun-
ishment. 8. Exactness ; rigor ; niceness. 9. Strictness ;
risiid accuracv.
t SEV-0-€A'TiON, n. [L. sevocc] The act of calling
aside._
SEV-Ru'GA, 7?. A fish, the accipenser stellatus. Tooke.
t SEW, to follow. [See Sue.] Spenser.
SEW, (so) v. t. [Sax. siician, smcian ; Goth. ^uya?i ; Sw
sij ; Dan. syer : L. suo.] To unite or fasten together with
a'needle and tlwead. — To seio up, to inclose by sewing ;
to inclose in any thing sewed.
SE\'\', (so) v. i. To practice sewing ; to join things with
stitches.
t SEW, (so) V. t. [L. sicca.] To drain a pond for taking the
fish.
SEWED, (s5de) pp. United by stitches.
SEW'EL, n. Among hmts men, something hung up to pre-
vent deer from entering a place.
* SEWER, V. [G. unzucht.] A drain or passage to
convev oflT water under ground ; a subterraneous ca-
nal, particularly in cities ; corruptly pronounced shore or
* See Sijnoiisis. MoVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BIILL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
SHA
74C
SHA
r FEWER, (86'er) n. [D. schcffer ; G. sckaffner.] An offi-
cer who serves up a feast and arranges the dishes.
SEW EK, (so'er) n. One who sews, or uses the needle.
SEWING, (so'iug) ppr. Joining with the needle or with
stitches.
SEW'I-TUDE, ?i. A term derived from the civil law, equiv-
alent to easement in the common law.
t- SEW'STER, (so'ster) 71. A woman that sows or spins. B.
Jonson.
SEX, 7(. [Fr. sexe ; Sp. sexo ; It. sesso ; L. scxus.] 1. The
distinction between male and female ^ or that property or
character by which an animal is male or female. 2. By
way of emphasis, womankind; females.
SEX-A-6E-Na'RI-AN, 71. A person who has arrived at the
age of sixty vears. Cowpcr.
*SEX'A-GEX-A-RY, or SEX-AG'EN-A-RY, a. [Fr. sexa-
gcnaire : L. sezagenarius.] Designating the number six-
ty ; as a vomi, a "person sixty years of age ; also, some-
thing composed of sixty.
SEX-A-GES'I-MA, n. [L. sexaffesimus.] The second Sun-
day before Lent, the next to Shrove-Sunday, so called as
being about the 60th day before Easter^
SEX-A-6ES'I-MAL, a. Sixtieth ; pertaining to the number
sixtv.
SEX-AN'GLED, ) a. [L. sex and angnlus.] Having six
SEX-ANGU-LAE, ( angles; hexagonal.
SEX-AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. With six angles ; hexagonally.
SEX-DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. sex and decern.] In crystalogra-
phy, when a prism or the middle part of a crj^stal has six
faces and two summits, and, taken together, ten faces, or
the reverse
SEX-DU-O-DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. sex and duodechn.'] In
crystalography, designating a crystal when the prism or
middle part has six faces and two summits, having togeth-
er twelve faces.
SEX-EN'NI-AL, a. [L. sex and anniis.] Lasting six years,
or haiDpening once in six years.
SEX-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in six years.
SEX'FID, a. [Tu. sex a-ndfindo.] Jn botany, six-c\eft.
SEX-LO€'U-LAR, a. [L. sex and luculus!] In botany, six-
celled : h-.ivinff six cells for seeds.
SEX'TALv, v. -XJ^. sextans.] A stanza of six lines.
SEX'TANT, 7(. [L. sextans.] 1. In mathematics, the sixth
part of a circle. Hence, 2. An instrument formed like a
quadrant, excepting that its limb comprehends only 60
■ degi^ees, or the sixth part of a circle. — 3. In astronomy, a
ronstellation of the southern hemisphere.
SEX'TA-RY, n. [L. sextarius.] A measure of a pint and a
half.
t SEX'TA-RY, or f SEX-TRY, 71, The same as sacristan.
Diet.
BEX'TiLE, 71. [L. sextilis.] Denoting the aspect or po-
sition of two planets, when distant from each other 60 de-
grees.
SEX'TON, 71. [contracted from sacristan,] An under officer
of the church, whose business is to take care of the ves-
sels, vestments, &c. belonging to the church, to attend on
the officiating clergyman, and perform other duties per-
taining to the church, to dig graves, &c.
SEXTON-SHIP, 7i. The office of a sexton. Swift.
SEX'TU-PLE, a. [Low L. sextwjlus.] 1. Sixfold ; six times
as much. — 9. In music, denoting a mixed sort of triple,
beaten in double time, or a measur*; of two times compos-
ed of six equal notes, three for each time.
SEX'U-AL, a. I. Pertaining to sex or the sexes; distin-
guishing the sex ; denoting what is peculiar to the distinc-
tion and office of male and female. — 2. Sexual system, in
botainj, the system which ascribes to vegetables the dis-
tinction of sexes.
SEX'U-AL-FST, 7*. One who believes and maintains the
doctrine of sexes in plants. Milne.
SEX-U-AL'I-TY, 77. The state of being distinguished by
sex.
SHAB, V. i. To play mean tricks. — In some parts of J'J'eio
Evcrlavd, it signifies to reject or dismiss. [Vultrar.]
SHAB'BED, a. IMean ; shabby. ^. JVood.
SHAB'BI-LY, ndv. 1. Raggedly ; with rent or ragged
clothes. 2. Meanly ; in a despicable manner.
SHAB'BI-NESS, n. 1. Raggedness. 2. Meanness; paltri-
ness.
SHAB'BY, a. [T>. sckab'ng : G. schdbig.] ]. Ragged ; torn,
or worn to rags. 2. Clothed with ragged garments. 3.
Tile^n ; paltry; despicable.
SHA€K, /?. In ancient customs of England, a liberty of
winter pasturage. Stock turned into the stubble after the
harvest are said to be at shack. — [n J^^eio England, shack
is used in a somewhat similar sense for mast or the food
of swine, and for feeding at large or in the forest.
SHA€K, V. i. 1. To shed, as corn at harvest ; [local.]
Grose. 2. To feed in stubble, or upon the waste corn of
the field ; [local.] Pegge.
SHA€'KLE, 71. Stubble.
SHA€'KLE, V. t. [Sax. sceacul : D. schakel.] I. To chain ;
to fetter ; to tie or confine the limbs so as to prevent free
I motion. 2. To bind or confine so as to obstruct or embar
rass action.
SHACKLE, or SHACKLES, 7t. 1. Fetters, gyves, hand
cuffs. 2. I'hat which obstructs or embarrasses free action '
SHACKLED, pp. Tied ; confined ; embarrassed.
SHACK LING, ;>;>7-. Fettering; binding; confining.
SI-IAD, n. [G. schade.] A fish, a species of clupea.
SHAD'DOCK, 7!. A variety of the orange, pampelmoe.
SHADE, n. [Sax. scad, scead, seed ; G. schatten.] 1. Lit-
erally, the interception, cutting off or interruption of the
rays of light ; hence, the obscurity which is caused by
such interception. Shade differs from shadoic, as it im-
plies no particular form or definite limit ; whereas a shad-
oic represents in form the object which intercepts the light
2. Darkness ; obscurity. 3. An obscure place, properly in
a grove or close wood, which precludes the sun's rays
and hence, a secluded retreat. 4. A screen ; something
that intercepts light or heat. 5. Protection ; shelter. — 6
In painting, the dark^part of a picture. 7. Degree or gra-
dation of light. 8. A>shadow ; [see Shadow.] Pope. 9
The soul, after its separation from the body ; so called be-
cause the ancients supposed it to be perceptible to the
sight, not to the touch ; a spirit ; a ghost. Dryden.
SHADE, V. t. [Sax. sceadan, gesceadan.] 1. To shelter or
screen from light by intercepting its rays. 2. To over-
spread with darkness or obscurit}' ; to obscure. 3. To
shelter ; to liide. 4. To cover from injury ; to protect ; to
screen. 5. To paint in obscure colors ; to darken. 6. To
mark with gradations of color. 7. To darken ; to ob-
scure.
SHaD'ED, pp. Defended from the rays of the sun ; dark-
ened.
SHaD'ER, v. He or that which shades.
SHa'DI-NESS, 71. The state of being shady ; umbrageous-
ness.
SHaD'ING, ppr. Sheltering from the sun's rays.
SHAD'oW, n. [Sax. sradu, sceadu.] 1. Shade within de-
fined limits ; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on
a plane, and representing the form of the body which in-
tercepts the rays of light. 2. Darkness ; shade ; obscurity.
3. Shelter made by any thing that intercepts the light,
heat or influence of the air. 4. Obscure place ; secluded
retreat ; [obs.] 5. Dark part of a picture ; [obs.] 6. A
spirit ; a ghost ; [obs.] — 7. In painting, the representation
of a real shadow. 8. An imperfect and faint representa-
tion ; opposed to substance. 9. Inseparable companion.
10. Type ; mystical representation. 11. Protection ; shel-
ter ; favor. Lam. iv. 12. Slight or faint appearance
James i.
SHAD'oW, V. t. 1. To overspread with obscurity. 2. To
cloud ; to darken. 3. To make cool ; to refresh by shade ,
or to shade. 4. To conceal ; to hide ; to screen. 5. To
protect ; to screen from danger ; to shroud. 6. To mark
with slight gradations of color or light. Locke. 7. To
paint in obscure colors. 8. To represent faintly or imper-
fectly_. 9. To represent typically.
SHAD OWED, pp. Represented imperfectly or typically.
SHAB'oW-GRaSS, n. A kind of grass so called.
SHAD'oW-ING, ppr. Representing by faint or imperfect
resemblance.
SHAD'oW-ING, 7!. Shade or gradation of light and color.
SIIAD'oW-Y, a. [Sax. sceadwig.] 1. Full of shade ; dark ;
gloomy. 2. Not brightly luminous ; faintly light. 3.
Faintly representative ; typical. 4. Unsubstantial ; un-
real. .5. Dark ; obscure ; opaque.
t SFIAD'oW-Y-NESS, 71. State of being shadowy.
SHa'DY, a. 1. Abounding with shade or shades ; overspread
with shade. 2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry
heat.
t SHAF'FLE, V. i. To hobble or limp.
t SHAF'FLER, n. A hobbler ; one that limps.
SHAFT, 7!. [Sax. sceaft ; D., G. schaft ; Sw., Dan. shaft. \
1. An arrow ; a missile weapon. — 2. In mining, a pit, or
long, narrow opening or entrance into a mine. — 3. In ar-
rhiiectnre, the shaft of a column is the body of it, between
.- the base and the capital. 4. Any thing straisht. 5. The
stem or stock of a feather or quill. 6. The pde of a car-
riage, sometimes called tongue or neap. 7. The handle
of a weapon.
SHaFT'ED, a. Having a handle ; a term, in heraldry, ap-
plied to a spear-head.
t SHAFT'MENT, n. [Sax. scceftmund.] A span, a measure
of about six inches. Ray.
SHAG, 7!. [Sax. sceacg-e ; Haji. sldcRg ; ^w. skagg.] 1.
Coarse hair or nap, or rough, woolly hah-. 2. A kind of
cloth having a long, coarse nap.— 3. In ornithology, an
aquatic fowl.
SHAG, a. Hairy ; shaggy. Shak.
SHAG, V. t. 1. To make rough or hairy. J. Barloic. 2. To
make rough or shaggy ; to deform. Thomson.
SHAG'GED, or SHAG'GY, a. 1. Rough with long hair or
wool. 2. Rough ; rugged.
SHAG'GED-NESS, or SHAG'GI-NESS, n. The state of be-
ing shaggy ; roughness with long, loose hair or wool.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, O, Y, Zoti/;'.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;
t Obsolete
SHA
747
SHA
SHA-GREE:N', n. [Pers.] A kind of grained leather prepar-
ed of the skin of a fish, a species of sqtialiis.
SHA-GREEN', a. Made of the leather called shagreen.
SHA-GREEN', for clmcrriu. See Chagrin.
SHAH, n. A Persian word signifying king. Eton.
SHaIK, SCHEien, or SCHEICK, n. Among the Arabians
and Moors, an old man 3 and hence, a chief, a lord, a man
of eminence.
t SHaIL, v. t. To walk sidewise. L^Estra-nge.
SHAKE, V. t. ; pret. shook ■ pp. shaken. [Sax. sceacan ; Sw.
skaka : D. schokken.'\ 1. To cause to move with quick
vibrations ; to move rapidly one way and the other ; to
agitate. 2. To make to iott'er or tremble. 3. To cause to
shiver. 4. To throw down by a violent motion. 5. To
tlii-ow away ; to drive off. 6. To move from firmness ; to
weaken the stability of; to endanger ; to threaten to over-
throw. 7. To cause to waver or doubt ; to impair the res-
olution of; to depress the courage of. 8. To trill. — To
shake hands ; sometimes, to unite with ; to agree or con-
tract with ; more generally, to take leave of, from tlie
practice of shaking hands' at meeting and parting. — To
shake off, to drive off; to throw off or down by violence.
SHAKE, V. i. I. To be agitated with a waving or vibratory
motion. 2. To tremble ; to shiver ; to quake. 3. To totter.
SHAKE, n. 1. Concussion ; a vacillating or wavering mo-
tion ; a rapid motion one way and the other ; agitation.
2. A trembling or shivering; agitation. 3. Amotion of
hands clasped. — 4. In music, a trill ; a rapid reiteration of
two notes comprehending an interval not greater than one
wjiole tone, nor less than a semitone.
SHaK'EN, (slia'kn) J3;?. 1. Impelled with a vacillating mo-
tion ; agitated, 2. a. Cracked or split.
SHaK'ER, 7(. 1. A person or tiling that shakes or agitates.
Pope. — 2. In the United States, Shakers is the name given
to a sect of Christians.
SHaK'IXG, ppr. 1. Impelling to a wavering motion ; caus-
ing to vacillate or waver ; agitating. 2. Trembling ; shiv-
ering ; quaking.
SHaK IXG, 71. l.The act of shaking or agitating ; brandish-
ing. Job xli. 2. Concussion. 3. A trembling or shivering.
SHaK'Y, a. Cracked, as timber. Chambers
SHALL, /
(shal)
V. i. verb aitxiliarij ; pret, should. [Sax.
SHAL, <, ^""""^ I scealan, scylan. Shall is defective,
having no infinitive, imperativ<3 or participle.] 1. Shall
is primarily in the present tense. We still use shall and
should before auotlier vern in the infinitive, without the
sign to ; but the signification of shall is considerably de-
flected from its primitive sense. It is now treated as a
mere auxiliary/ to other verbs, serving to form some of the
tenses. — In the present tense, shall, before a verb in the
infinitive, forms the future tense ; but its force and effect
are different with the different persons or personal pro-
nouns. Thus, in the first person, shall simply foretells or
declares what will take place ; as, I or we shall ride to
town on Monday. — 2. In the second and third persons,
shall implies a promise, command or determination ; as,
you shall receive your wages. — 3. Shall I gol shall he go 7
intcrrogativebi, asks for permission or direction. But shall
yougol asks for information of another's intention. 4. But
after another verb, shall, in the third person, simply fore-
tells ; as, he says that he shall leave town to-morrow.
So also in the second person ; as you say that you shall i-ide
to-morrow. 5. After if, and some verbs which express
condition or supposition, shall, in all the persons, simply
foretells. — 6. Should, in the first person, implies a condi-
tional event. 7. Should, though properly the past tense
of shall, is often used to express a contingent future
event ; as, if it should rain to-morrow.
t SHALE, V. t To peel. See Shell.
SHALE, 71. [G. schale.] 1. A shell or husk.— 2. In natural
historn, a species of shist or shistous clay ; slate-clay.
SHAL-LOOX', n. [said to be from Chalons, in France ; Sp.
chalcon.^ A slisht woolen stuff. Swift.
SHAL'LOP, 7!. [Fr. rhaloupe : Sp., Port, chalupa.] 1. A
sort of large boat with two masts, and usually rigged like
a schooner. 2. A small, light vessel.
SHAL-LOT', n. An eschalot, which see.
SHAL'LoW, a. [from shoal: Sax. sceoL] 1. Not deep;
having little depth ; shoal. 2. Not dee)) ; not entering far
into the earth. 3. Not intellectually deep ; not profound ;
not penetrating deeply into abstruse subjects ; superficial.
4. Slight ; not deep.
SHAL'LoW, n. A shoal ; a shelf; a flat ; a sand-bank ; any
place where the water is not deep. Drvdev.
SHAL'LoW. v.t. To make shallow. [L.u.} Herbert.
feHAL'LoWlBRAlXED, a. Weak in intellect; foolish;
emptv-headed. South.
SHAL'LoW-LY, adv. 1. With little depth. 2. Superfi-
ciallv ; simplv ; not wisely.
SHAL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. Want of depth ; small depth. 2.
Superficialness of intellect ; want of power to enter deeply
into subjects ; emptiness ; silliness.
t SHALM, or t SHAWM, n. [G. schalmeie.] A kind of mu-
sical pipe. Knolles.
SHA-LoTE', 71. The French echalote anglicized
SHAL'STONE, 71. A mineral, tafelspath.
SHALT. The second person singular of shall,
SHAM, 71. [W. 5107H.] That which deceives expectation ,
any trick, fraud or device that deludes and disappoints ,
delusion ; imposture. [jVot an elegant word.] Addison.
SHAM, a. False ; counterfeit ; pretended ; as, a sliam fight
SHAM, V. t. [W, sionii,] 1. To deceive expectation ; to
trick ; to cheat ; to delude with false pretenses ; [not ele-
gant.] 2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition.
SHAM, V. i. To make mocks. Prior.
SHAM' AN, 71. In Russia, a wizard or conjurer. Encyc.
SHAM'BLES,7i. [Sax. scam el ; Li. scamnum.] 1 The place
where butcher's meat is sold ; a flesli-market.— 2. In min-
ing, a niche or shelf left at suitaole distances to receive
the ore which is thrown from one to another, and thus
raised to the top.
SHAM'BLING, a. [from scamble, scambling.] Moving with
an awkward, irregular, clumsy pace. Smith.
SHAM'BLING, n. An awkward, clumsy, irregular pace or
gait
SHAME, n. [Sax. scama, sccam, sceom : G. scham.] 1. A
painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt, or of
having done something whicli injures reputation ; or by
the exposure of tliat which nature or modesty prompts us
to conceal. 2. The cause or reason of shame ; thct which
brings reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation
of others. 3. Reproach; ignominy; derision; contempt.
4. The parts which modesty requires to be covered. 5
Dislionor ; disgrace. Prov. ix.
SHAME, V. t. 1. To make ashamed ; to excite a conscious-
ness of guilt or of doing something derogatory to reputa-
tion ; to cause to blush. 2. To disgrace. 3. To mock at
SHAINIE, r. i. To be ashamed.
SHAMED, pp. IVIade ainamed.
SHa;\IE'FaCED, a. Bashful ; easily confused or put out of
countenance.
SHaME'FaCED-LY, adv. Bashfully ; with excessive mod-
estv. Woolton.
SHaME'FaCED-NESS, 71. Bashfulness ; excess of modea-
tv. Drvdcn.
SHaME'FUL, a. [shame ^nA fxill.] 1. That brings shame
or disgrace ; scandalous ; disgraceful ; injurious to reputa-
tion. "2. Indecent; raising shame in others.
SHaME'FUL-LY, ndf. 1. Disgracefully ; in a manner to
bring reproach. 2. With indignity or indecency; hi a
manner that may cause shame.
STIa^IE'FUL-XESS, n. Disgracefulness. Johnson.
SHa3IE'LESS, a. [shame aiTd less.] 1. Destitute of shame ;
wanting modesty; impudent; brazen-faced; immodest;
audacious ; insensible to disgrace. Pope. 2. Done with-
out shame ; indicating want of shame.
SHaME'LESS-LY, adv. Without shame ; impudently.
Hair.
SHaME'LESS-NESS, 71. Destitution of shame ; want of
sensibility to disgrace or dishonor ; impudence.
SHaM'ER, 7!. One who makes ashamed ; that which con-
founds.
SHaM'ING, ppr. Making ashamed ; causing to blush ; con-
founding;.
SHAMOIER, 7?. One that shams ; an impostor.
*SHAM'OIS, ; ,^u.,rr.hr,^7^ ') '"'• C^i"- chamois ; It. camozza ;
SHAM^IY, i(.snammyj| Bp. gamuza; Tort, gamo.] 1.
A species of wild goat. 2. A kind of leather prepared
from the skin of the' wHd goat.
SHAjVIROCK, n. The Irish name for three-leafed grass.
SHANK. 7'. [Sax. scanc, sceanc ; Sw. skank.] 1. The
whole' joint from the knee to the ankle. 2. The tibia or
large bone of the leg. 3. The long part of an instrument.
4. A plant.
SHANKED, a. Having a shank.
SHANK'ER, 77. [from Fr. chancre.] A malignant ulcer,
usually occasioned by some venereal complaint.
SHANK'-PaINT-ES, 7i. With seamen, a short rope and
chain which sustain the shank and flukes of an anchor
asaJnst the ship's side.
SHAN'SCRIT, n. Tlie Sanscrit, or ancient language of
Hirdostan. See Sa'Vscrit.
SHAN'T Y, for janty, gay ; showy [JVot in use, or local.]
SPIAPE, V. t. ; pret. shaped ; pp. shaped, or shapen. [Sax
sceapian, sceppan, scipan, or scyppan ; D. scheppen, schaf-
fen.] 2. To form or create. 2. To mold or make into a
particular form : to give form or figure to. 3. To mold ;
to cast ; to regulate ; to adjust ; to adapt to a purpose. 4
To direct. 5. To image ; to conceive.
SHAPE, V. i. To square ; to suit ; to be adjusted.
SHAPE, 7!. 1. Form or fisure as constituted by lines and
angles. 9. External appearance. 3. The form of the
truiik of the human body. 4. A being as endowed with
fonn. 5. Idea ; pattern. 6. Form. 7. Manner.
SHAPED, or SHaP'EN, pp. Formed; molded; cast; con-
ceived.
SHAPE'LESS, a. Destitute of regular form ; wantmg sym-
metry of dimensions. Shak.
* Sec Synofsis MOYB, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete
SHA
748
SHE
SHaPELESS-NESS, n. Destitution of regular form.
SHAPE'Ll-NESS, n. [from shapely.] Beauty or proportion
of Tonn. [Little used^l
SHaPE'LY, a. [from skape.] Weil-formed; having a reg-
uljir siiape ; symmetrical. Warton.
SHaPE'SMITH, u. One that undertalces to improve the
form of the body. [In burlesque.]
SHaP'IIn'G, ppr. Forming; molding; casting; conceiving;
giving form.
SHARD, -n. [Sax. sceard.] ]. A piece or fragment of an
earthen vessel or of any brittle substance ; [ohs.] 2. The
snell of an egg or of a snail. 3. A plant; [chard.] 4. A
fritii or strait. 5. A gap. 6. A fish.
SHARD'BORN, a. [shard and born.] Born or produced
among fragments or in crevices. Shak.
SHaRD'ED, a. Having wings sheathed with a hard case.
Inhabiting shards.
SHARE, n. [Sax. scear, sceara.] 1. A part ; a portion ; a
quantity. 2. A part or portion of a thing owned by a
number in common. 3. The part of a thing allotted or
distributed to each individual of a number; dividend;
separate portion. 4. A part belonging to one; portion
possessed. 5. A part contributed. 6. The broad iron or
blade of a plough which cuts the ground ; or furrow-slice.
— To go shares, to partake ; to be equally concerned.
SHARE, V. t. [Sax. scearan, scyran.] 1. To divide ; to part
among two or more. 2. To partake or enjoy with others ;
to seize and possess jointly or in common. 3. To cut ; to
shear; [obs.]
SHARE, V. i. To have part. Locke.
SHaRE'-BONE, n. The o«sa pubis. Derham.
SHARED, pp. Held or enjoyed with another or others ;
divided ;_distnbuted in shares.
SHARE'HoLD-ER, n. [share and holder.] One that holds
or owns a share in a joint fund or property. Med. Repos.
SHAR'SR, n. A partaker; one that participates anything
with another ; one who enjoys or suffers in common vvitli
another or others.
SHAR'iNG, ]ipr. Partaking ; having a part with another ;
enjoying or suffering with others.
SHAR'ING, 7!. Participation.
SHARK, n. [L. carcharias.] 1. A voracious fish of the
genus squaJus, of several species. 2. A greedy, artful fel-
low ; one who fills his pockets by sly tricks ; [low.] 3.
Trick ; fraud ; petty rapine ; [I. u,] — 4. In J^ew' England,
one tliat lives by shifts, contrivance or stratagem.
SHARK, V. t. To pick up hastily, slily or in small quanti-
ties. [Low.] Shak.
SHARK, v.i. 1. To play the petty thief; or rather to live
by shifts and petty stratagems. [In .JYew England tlie
common pronunciation is shurk.] 2. To cheat ; to trick ;
[low.] 3. To fawn upon for a dinner ; to beg. — To shark
out, to slip out or escape by low artifices ; [vulgar.]
SHARK'ER, n. One that lives by sharking; an artful fel-
low. Wotton.
SHARK'ING, ppr. Picking up in haste; living by petty rap-
ine, or by shifts and devices.
SHARK'ING, 7?.. ]. Petty rapine; trick. WestfieM. 2. The
seeking of a livelihood by shifts and devices,
SHARP, a. [Sax. scearp ; D. scherp ; G. scharf ; Dan., Sw.
skarp.] 1. Having a very thin edge or fine point ; keen ;
acute ; not blunt. 2. Terminating in a point or edge ; not
obtuse. 3. Forming an acute or too small angle at the
ridge. 4. Acute of mind ; quick to discern or distinguish ;
penetrating; ready at invention ; witty ; ingenious. 5.
Being of quick or nice perception ; apjJied to the senses
or organs of perception. 6. Affecting the organs of taste
like fine points ; sour; acid. 7. Affecting the organs of
hearing like sharp points; piercing; penetrating; shrill.
8. Severe ; harsh ; biting ; sarcastic. 9. Severely rigid ;
quick or severe in punishing; cruel. 10. Eager for food ;
keen. 11. Eager in pursuit; keen in quest. 12. Fierce;
ardent ; fiery ; violent. 13. Keen ; severe ; pungent.
14. Very painful or distressing. 15. Very attentive or
vigilant. 16. Making nice calculations of profit ; or close
and exact in making bargains or demanding dues. 17.
Biting; pinching; piercing. 18. Subtil; nice; witty;
acute. — 19. Among workmen, hard. 20. Emaciated ; lean ;
thin. — To brace s'la.rp, in seamanship, to turn the yards to
the most oblique position possible, that the ship nipy lay
well up to the wind.
SHARP, n. 1. In rnnsic, an acute sound. 2. A r ,ite artifi-
cially raised a semitone ; or, 3. The character which
directs the note to be thus elevated. 4. A pointed weap-
on ; [obs.]
SHARP, V t. 1. To make keen or acute. 2. To render
quick. 3. To mark with a sharp, in musical composition ;
or to raise a note a semitone.
SHARP, V. i. 'lo play tricks in bargaining ; to act the
sharper.
SHARP'-ED6ED, a Having a fine, keen edge.
SHARP'EN, (sharp'n) v. t. [G. sch'drfen ; D. schcpen ; Sw.
skarpa.] 1. To make sharp ; to give a keen edge or fine
point to a thing ; to edge ; to point. 2. To make more
eager or active. 3. To make more pungent and painlu!*
4. To make more quick, acute or ingenious. 5. To ren-
der perception more quick or acute. 6. To render more
keen ; to make more eager for food or for any gatification
7. To make biting, sarcastic or severe. 8. To render less
flat, or more shrill or piercing. 9. To make more tart or
acid ; to make sour. 10. To make more distressing. — 11.
In music, to raise a sound by means of a sharp. Prof.
Fisher.
SHARPEN, V. i. To grow or become sharp. Shak.
SHARP'ER, n. A shrewd man in making bargains ; a
tricking fellow ; a cheat in bargaining or gaming.
SHARP'LY, adv. 1. With a keen edge or a fine pomt. 2.
Severely; rigorously; roughly. 3. Keenly; acutely;
vigorously. 4. Violently; vehemently. 5. With keen
perception ; exactly ; minutely. 6 . Acutely ; wittily
with nice discernment.
SI-IARP'NESS, n. 1. Keenness of an edge or point. 2. Not
obtuseness. 3. Puiigency ; acidity. 4. Pungency of
pain ; keenness ; severity of pain or afiliction. 5. Pain
fulness; afflictiveness. 6. Severity of language; pun-
gency; satirical sarcasm. Dryden. 7. Acuteness of in-
tellect ; the power of nice discernment; quickness of un
derstanding ; ingenuity. 8. Quickness of sense or per
ception. 9. Keenness ; severity.
SHARP'-SET, a. 1. Eager in appetite ; affected by keen
hunger ; ravenous. 2. Eager In desire of gratification.
SHARP'-SHOOT-ER, n. One skilled in shooting at an
object with exactness ; one skilled in the use of the rifle.
SHARP'-SlGHT-ED, a. 1. Having quick or acute sight
2. Having quick discernment or acute understanding.
SHARP'-VIS-AGED, a. Havhig a sharp or thin face.
SHARP'- WIT-TED, a. Having an acute or nicely discem
ing mind. Wotton.
SHASH. See Sash.
SHAS'TER, n. Among the Hindoos, a sacred book contahi-
ing the dogmas of the religion of the Bramins.
SHAT'TER, V. t. [D. schateren.] I. To break at once into
many pieces ; to dash, burst, rend or part by violence into
fragments. 2. To rend ; to crack ; to split ; to rive into
splinters. 3. To dissipate ; to make incapable of close
and continued application. 4. To disorder ; to derange ;
to render delirious.
SHAT'TER, V. i. To be broken into fragments ; to fall or
crumble to pieces by any force applied.
SHATTER-BRAINED, or SHAT'TER-PaT-ED, a. 1.
Disordered or wandering in intellect. 2. Heedless ; wild ;
not consistent.
SHAT'TERED, pp. Broken or dashed to pieces ; rent
SHAT'TER-ING, ppr. Dashing or breaking to pieces.
SHAT'TERS, n.plu. The fragments of any thing forcibly
rent or broken. Swift
SHAT'TER-F, a. Brittle ; easily falling into many pieces
not compact ; loose of texture.
SHAVE, V. t. ; pret. shaved ; pp. shaved, or shaven. [Sax
sceafan, scafan ; H.schaavcn; G.schaben; Ddcii. skaver.]
1. To cut or pare off something from the surface of a body
by a razor or other edged instrument. 2. To shave off, to
cut off. 3. To pare close. 4. To cut off thin slices ; or to
cut in thin slices. 5. To skim along the surface or near
it ; to sweep along. 6. To strip ; to oppress by extortion ;
to fleece. 7. To make smooth by paring or cutting off
slices. — To shave a note, to purchase it at a great discount,
a discount much beyond the legal rate of interest ; [a low
phrase.]
SHAVE,?;. [Sw. s/ifl/,- G. schabe ; Sax. scafa, sceafa.] An
instrument with a long blade and a handle at each end
fOT shaving hoops, &:c.
SHAVED, pp. Pared ; made smooth with ^ razor or other
cutting instrument ; fleeced.
SHAVE'-GRASS, n. A plant of the genus equisetum.
SHaVE'LING, n. A man shaved ; a friar or religious ; in
contempt. Spenser. v
SHaV'ER, n. 1. One that shaves or whose occupation is to
shave. 2. One that is close in bargains or a sharp dealer.
3._One that fleeces ; a pillager ; a plunderer.
SHaV'ER, n. [Gipsey, tschabe, or tschatoo.] A boy or young
vnfin. This word is still in common use in JVezo England.
SHaV'ING, ppr. Paring the surface with a razor or other
sharp instrument ; making smooth by paring ; fleecing.
SHaV'ING, n. 1 The act of paring the surface. 2. A thin
slice pared off.
SHAW, 71. [Sax. scua, szuwa ; Sw. skugga ; Dan. skovc.]
A thicket ; a small wood. [Local in England.]
SHAW-FOWL, n. [shaio and fowl.] The representation
or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot at.
SHAWL, n. A cloth of wool, cotton, silk or hair, used by
females as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders.
t SHAWM, n. [G. schalmeie.] A hautboy or cornet ; writ
ten, also, shalm. Com. Prayer.
SHE, pronoun personal of the feminine gender. [Sax. seo
GotJi. si ; D. zy ; G. sie.] 1 A pronoun which is the sub^
stitute for the name of a female, and of the feminine gen-
der; the word which refers to a female mentioned in the
* See Synopsis. A, E, l, O, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— PiN, MARiNE, BiRD ;— t Obiolete
SHE
749
SHE
pieteding or following part of a sentence or discourse,
a. She is sometimes used as a noun for woman or female,
and in tlie plural ; but in contempt or in ludicrous language.
3. Shb is used also in composition for female^ representing
sex ; as, a sAe-bear.
SHeAD'ING, n, [G. scheiden; Sax. sceadan.} In the isle
of_Man, a riding, tithing or division.
SHeAF, n. ,• plu. Sheaves. [Sax. sceaf; D. scJioof] 1. A
quantity of the stalks of wheat, rye, oats or barley bound
together ; a bundle of stalks or straw. 2. Any bundle or
collection,
SHeAF, v. t. To collect and bind ; to make sheaves. Shak.
t SHEAL. To shell. Shak.
SHeAR, v. t. ; pret. sheared ; pp. sheared, or shorn. The
old pret. shore is entirely obsolete. [Sax, scearan, scyran,
sciroM j G. scheren.] 1. To cut or chp something from the
surface with an instrument of two blades. 2. To separate
by shears. 3. To reap j [obs.] Oower.
SHeAR, v. i. To deviate. See Sheer.
SHeAR'BILL, n. A fowl, the black skimmer.
SHEARD, n. A shard. See Shard.
SHEARED, pp. Clipped ; deprived of wool, hair or nap.
SHeAR'ER, n. One that shears. Milton.
SHeAR'MAN, n. One whose occupation is to shear
cloth.
SHEARS, n. plu. [from the verb.] 1. An instrument con-
sisting of two blades witli a bevel edge, movable on a pin,
used for cutting cloth and other substances. 2. Something
in the form of the blades of shears. 3. Wings ; [obs.]
4. An engine for raising heavy weights ; [see Sheers.]
5. The denomination of the age of sheep from the cutting
of the teeth ; [local.]
SHeAR '-WA-TER, n. A fowl. Ainsworth. A species of
petrel. The cut-water. Bartram.
SHeAT. See Sheet.
SHeAT'-FISH, 71. [G. scheide.] A fish.
SHeATH, n. [Sax. sceath, scathe ; G. scheide ; D. scheede.]
1. A case for the reception of a sword or other long and
slender instrument; a scabbard. — 2. In botany, a mem-
brane investing a stem or branch, as in grasses. 3.
Any thin covering for defense ; the wing-case of an
insect.
SHeATH, ) V. t. 1. To put into a case or scabbard. 2.
SHeATHE, \ To inclose or cover with a sheath or case.
3. To cover or line. 4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimo-
nious or sharp particles. 5. To fit with a sheath. Skak.
G. To case or cover with boards or with sheets of copper.
— To sheathe the sword, Si figurative phrase, to put an end
to_war or enmity ; to make peace.
SHeATHED, pp. 1. Put in a sheath ; inclosed or covered
with a case ; covered ; lined ; invested with a membrane.
--2. a. In ftotanjf, vaginate ; invested by a sheath.
SHeATH:'ING, ppr. Putting in a slieatb, inclosing in a
case ; covering ; lining ; investing with a membrane.
SHeATH'ING, v. The casing or covering of a ship's bot-
iqin and sides ; or the materials for such covering.
SHeATH'LESS, a. Without a sheath or case for covering ;
unsheathed. Percy's Masque.
SHeATH'-WINGED, a. [sheath and wing.] Having cases
foi- covering the wings. Brown.
SHeATH'Y, a. Forming a sheath or case. Brown.
SHeAVE, 71. In seamen's langiiage, a wheel on which the
rope works in a block.
t SHeAVE, v. t. To bring together : to collect.
t SHeAVED, a. Made of straw. Shak.
SHeAVE'-HOLE, 71. A channel cut in a mast, yard or
other timber, in which to fix a sheave. Mar. Diet.
t SHE€K'LA-T0N, n. [Fr. ciclaton.] A kind of gilt
leather.
SHED, V. t. ; pret. and pp. shed. [Sax. scedan.] 1. To pour
out ; to effuse ; to spill ; to suffer to flow out. 2. To let
fall; to cast. 3. To" scatter; to emit; to throw off; to
diffuse.
SHED, V. i. To let fall its parts. Mortimer.
.SHED, n. [Sax. seed; Sw. skydd.] 1. A slight building; a
covering of timber and boards, &c. for shelter against rain
and the inclemencies of weather ; a poor house or hovel.
-2. In composition, effusion ; as in blood-sAeo!.
SHED, V. t. To keep off; to prevent from entering.
SHED'DER, n. One that sheds or causes to flow out.
SHED'DING, pjjr. Effusing ; causing to flow out ; letting
fall ; casting ; throwing off; sending out ; diffusing.
SHEEN, or SHEEN'Y, a. [Sax. 5ce/ie, sce7i.] Bright; glit-
tering; showy. Fairfax.
SHEEN, 71. Brightness ; splendor. Milton
SHEEP, n. sing, and plu. [Sax. sceap, seep ; G. schaf; D.
schaap.] 1. An animal of the genus ovis. 2. In contempt,
a sUly fellow. 3. Figuratively, God's people are called
sheep.
t SHEEP'-BITE, V. t. To practice petty thefts.
t SHEEP'-BlT-ER, n. One who practices petty thefts.
SHEEP'€OT, n. A small inclosure for sheep; a pen.
SHEEP'FoLI), n. [sheep and fold.] A place where sheep
ase collected or confined . Prior.
SHEEP'HOOK, n. A hook fastened to a pole, ty which
shepherds lay hold on the legs of their sheep.
SHEEP'ISH, a. 1. Like a sheep ; bashful ; timoroMs to
excess ; over-modest ; meanly diffident. 2. Pertaining to
sheep.
SHEEP'ISH-LY, adv. Bashfullv ; with mean timidity.
SHEEFISH-NESS, n. Bashfulness ; e.xcessive modesty or
diffidence ; mean timorousness. Herbert.
SHEEP'-MAR-KET, n. A place where sheep are sold.
SHEEP'-MaS-TER, n. [sheep and master.] A Ideder of
sheep ; one that has the care of sheen.
SHEEP'S'-EyE, 71. [sheep and eye.] A modest, diffident
look, such as lovers cast at their mistresses. Drydea.
SHEEP'-SHANK, n. Among seamen, a knot in a rope
made to shorten it, as on a runner or tie. Mar. Diet.
SHEEP'S'-HEAD, n. [sheep and head.] A fish caught on
the shores of Connecticut and of Long Island.
SHEEP'-SHeAR-ER, 77. One tliat shears sheep.
SHEEP'-SHeAR-ING, 77. 1. The act of shearing sheep
2. The time of shearing sheep ; also, a feast made on that
occasion.
SHEEP'-SKIN, n. The skin of a sheep ; or leather pre
pared fromit.
SHEEP'-STeAL-ER, n. [sheep and steal.] One that steals
sheep.
SHEEP'-STeAL-ING, 77. The act of stealing sheep.
SHEEP'-WALK, n. [sheep and walk.] Pasture for sheep ;
a place where sheep feed. Milton.
SHEER, a. [Sax. scir, scyr ; G.schier; TiSLa., skier .] 1.
Pure ; clear ; separate from any thing foreign ; unmingled.
Shak. 2. Clear; thin.
f SHEER, adv. Clean ; quite ; at once. Milton.
t SHEER, V. t. To shear. Dryden.
SHEER, V. i. 1. In seamen's language, to decline or de-
viate from the line of the proper course, as a ship wheJi
not steered with steadiness. 2. To slip or move aside. —
To sheer off, to turn or move aside to a distance. — To
sheer up, to turn and approach to a place or ship.
SHEER, n. 1. The longitudinal curve or bend of a ship's
deck or sides. 2. The position in which a ship is some-
times kept at single anchor, to keep her clear of it.
SHEER'-HULK, n. An old ship of war, fitted witij sheers
or apparatus to fix or take out the masts of other ships.
[ SHEER'LY, adv. At once ; quite ; absolutely.
SHEERS, n. plu. An engine consisting of two or more
pieces of timber or poles, fastened together near the top ;
used for raising heavy weights.
SHEET, 7). [Sax. sceat, sceta, scyta ; L. scheda.] 1. A
broad piece of cloth used as a part of bed-furniture. 2. A
broad piece of paper as it comes from the manufacturer.
3. A piece of paper printed, folded and bound, or formed
into a book. 4. Any thing expanded. — 5. Sheets, plu. a
book or pamphlet. 6. A sail.
SHEET, 77. [Fr. ccoute; Sp., Port, escota.] In nautical lan-
guage, a rope fastened to one or both the lower corners of
a sail to extend and retain it in a particular situation.
SHEET, V. t. 1. To furnish with sheets ; [I. u.] 2. To
fold in a sheet ; [I. u.] 3. To cover as with a sheet ; to
cover with something broad and thin.
SHEET'-AN-CHOR, n. 1. The largest anchor of a ship.
2. The chief support ; the last refuge for safety.
SHEET'-€OP-PER, n. Copper in broad, thin plates.
SHEET'ING, n. Cloth for sheets.
SHEET'-lR-ON, n. Iron in sheets or broad, thin plates.
SHEET'-LEAD, ti. Lead in sheets.
SHEIK, 71. In Egypt, a person who has the care of a
mosque ; a kind of priest. Encyc.
SHEK'EL, 77. [Heb.] An ancient weight and coin among
the Jews and other nations of the same stock.
SHELD, a. Speckled.
SHELD'A-FLE, { n. A chaffinch. This word is also writ-
SHELD'A-PLE, \ ten shell-apple.
SHEL'DRaKE, 71. An aquatic fowl of the duck kind.
SHEL'DUCK, 77. A species of wild duck. Mortimer.
SHELF, 77. ; plu. Shelves. [Sax. scylf.] 1. A platform of
boards or planks, elevated above the floor, and fixed or
set on a frame, or contiguous to a wall, for holding vessels,
utensils, books and the like. 2. A sand-bank in the sea,
or a rock or ledge of rocks. — 3. In mining, fast ground ;
that part of the internal structure of the earth which lieg
in an even, regular form.
SHELF' Y, a. 1. Full of shelves; abounding with sand-
banks or rocks. 2. Hard ; firm ; [obs.]
SHELL, 71. [Sax. scyl, scytl, scell.] 1. The hard or stony
covering of certain fruits and of certain animals. 2. The
outer coat of an egg. 3. The outer part of a house unfin-
ished. 4. An instrument of music, like testudo in Latin
5. Outer or superficial part. 6. A bomb. — Fossil shells,
shells dug from the earth.
SHELL, V. t. 1. To strip or break off the shell ; or to take
out of the shell. 2. To separate from the ear.
SHELL, v.. i. 1. To fall off, as a shell, crust or exterior
coat. 2. To cast the shell or exterior covenrg 3, To be
from the husk.
* See Synopsis Mc^VE, BOOK, DqVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this- f Josolete
sni
750
SHI
SHELLED, pp. Deprived of the shell also, separated
from the ear.
SHELL'-FISH, n. An aquatic animal whose external cov-
ering consists of a shell, crustaceous or testaceous.
SHELLING, ppr. 1. Taking off the shell ; casting the cov-
ering. 2._Separating from the ear.
SUELL'-MeAT, n. Food consisting of shell-fish.
sue; Xi'-WoRK, 71. Work composed of shells, or adorned
with them. Cotgrave.
SHELL y, a. 1. Abounding with shells. 2. Consisting of
shells.
SHELTER, n. [Sw. skyla; Dan, skiul] 1. That which
covers or defends from injury or annoyance, 2. The state
of being covered and protected ; protection ; security.
3. He that defends or guards from danger j a protector.
Ps. Ixi.
SHEL'TER, V. t. 1. To cover from violence, injury, annoy-
ance or attack. 2. To defend ; to protect from danger ;
to secure or render safe ; to harbor. 3. To betake to
cover or a safe place, 4, To cover from notice j to dis-
guise for protection.
SHEL'TER, V. i. To take shelter. MUfon.
SHEL'TERED, pp. Covered from injury or annoyance ;
defended; protected.
SHEL'TER-ING, ppr. Covering from injury or annoyance ;
protecting.
SIIEL'TER-LESS, a. Destitute of shelter or protection ;
without home or refuge. Rozce.
SHEL'TER-Y, a. Affording shelter. {Little used.] White.
SHL^'TIE, n. A small but strong horse in Scotland.
f SHELVE, (shelv) v. t. To place on a shelf or on shelves.
SHii^LVE, (shelv) v. i. [Sax. scylfan.} To incline; to be
sloping.
SHELVING, ppr. or a. Inclining; sloping; having de-
clivity.
SHELV'Y, a. Full of rocks or sand-banks ; shallow.
SHE-MIT'I€, a. Pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah.
—The Shemitic languages are the Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic,
Hebrew, Samaritan, Ethiopic and Old Phenician.
■fSHEND, V. t.; pret. and pp. shent. [Sax. scendan ; D,
schenden.} 1. To injure, mar or spoU, 2. To blame, re-
proach, revile, degrade, disgrace. 3. To overpower or
surpass. Spenser.
SHENT, j7p. Injured. [Obsolete, unless in poetr^j.]
SHEP'HERD, (shep'perd) n. [Sax. sceap-heard or hyrd.'] 1.
A man employed in tending, feeding and guarding sheep
in the pastured 2. A swain ; a rural lover. 3. The pastor
of a parish, church or ccngregation. — God and Christ are,
in Scripture, denominated Skepherds, as they lead, pro-
tect and govern their people, and provide for their wel-
fare.
SHEP'HERD-ESS, n. A woman that tends sheep ; hence,
a rural lass. Sidney.
SHEP'H£RD-ISH, a. Resembling a shepherd; suiting a
shepherd ; pastoral ; rustic. Sidney.
SHEP'HERD-LY, a. Pastoral; rustic. Taylor.
SHEP'HERD'S NEE-DLE, n. A plant of the genus scan-
dix ; Venus's comb.
SHEP'HERD'S POUCH, or SHEP'HERD-S PURSE, n. A
plant of the genus thlaspi.
SHEP'HERD'S ROD, n. A plant ; teasel.
SHEP'HERD'S STAFF, n. A plant.
*SHER'BET, n. [Pers.] A drink composed of water,
lemon -juice and sugar, sometimes with perfumed cakes
dissolved in it, with an infusion of some drops of rose-
water. Another kind is made with violets, honey, juice
of raisins, &c.
SHERD, 7!. A fragment ; usually written shard.
SHER'IFF, ) n. [Sax. scir-gerefa.] An officer in each coiui-
SHER'IF, ) ty, to whom is intrusted the execution of
the laws.
SHER 'IFF-DO^F^' } ''* '^^^ °^^^ °^ jurisdiction of sheriff.
''HEP IFF-SHIP' I [I believe none of these words is now
cfrr'xjirpp.wrpf/- \ i^ use.] See Shrievalty.
SHER'RIFFE, n. The title of a descendant of Mohammed
by Hassan Ibn Ali. Encyc.
SHER'RY, 71. [sometimes' written sher7-is.] A species of
wine ; so called from Xeres in Spain, where it is made.
SHEW. SHEWED, SHEWN. See Sho\v, Showed,
Shown.
SHEW'-BREAD. See Show-bread.
S HEWER, 71. One that shows. See Shower.
SIirW-ING. See Showing.
SHIB'BO-LETH, n. [Heb.] J. A word which was made
tiie criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites
from the Gileadites. 2. The criterion of a party ; or that
which distinguishes one party from another. South.
SHIDE, n. r^ax. sceadan.] A piece split off; a cleft; a
piece ; a billet of wood ; a splinter. [Local in England.]
SHlEIiD, 77. [Sax. scyld '; D., G. schild.] 1. A broad piece
of defensive armor ; a buckler ; used in war for the pro-
lection of the body. 2. Defense ; sl.-eUer ; protection ; or
ine i>er&on that defends or protects. — 3. In heraldry, the
escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in
coats of arms.
SHIELD, V. t. 1. To cover, as with a shield ; to cover from
danger ; to defend ; to protect ; to secure from assault oi
injury. 2. To ward off; to defend against.
SHIeLD'ED, pp. Covered, as with a shield; defended;
protected.
SHIeLD'ING, ppr. Covering, as with a shield ; defending
from attack or injury ; protected.
SHIFT, V. i. [Sax. scy'ftan ,• D. schiften ; Dan. sJdfte.] 1
To move ; to change place or position. 2. To change its
direction ; to vary. 3. To change ; to give place to other
things. 4. To change clothes, particularly tJie under gar-
ment or chemise. 5. To resort to expedients for a liveli-
hood, or for accomplishing a purpose. 6. To practice in-
direct methods. 7. To seek metliods of safety 8. To
change place.
SHIFT, V. t. 1. To change ; to alter. 2. To transfer from
one place or position to another. 3. To put out of the way
by some expedient. 4. To change, as clothes. 5. To
dress in fresh clothes. — To shift about, to turn quite round
to a contrary side or opposite point. — To shift off. 1. To
delay ; to defer. 2. To put away. >■
SHIFT, 77. 1. A change; a turning from one thing to
another ; hence, an expedient tried in diificulty ; one
thing tried when another fails. — 2. In a bad sense, mean
refuge; last resource. 3. Fraud; artifice; expedient to
effect a bad purpose ; or an evasion ; a tnck to escape de-
tection or evil. 4. A woman's under garment ; a chemise.
SHIFT'ED, pp. Changed from one place or position to
another.
SHIFTER, n. 1. One that shifts ; the person that plays
tricks or practices artifice. — 2. In ships, a person employ-
ed to assist the ship's cook in washing, steeping aiid
shifting the salt provisims.
SHIFT'ING, ppr. Changing place or position; resortuig
from one expedient to another.
SHIFT'ING-LY, adv. By shifts and changes; deceitfully,
SHIFT'LESS, a. Destitute of expedients, or not resorting
to successful expedients ; wantuig means to act or live,
SHILF, 71. [G. scAiZ/, sedge.] Straw, Tooke.
tSHILL. To shell.
SHILL, V. t. To put under cover ; to sheal. [J\rot in zise, or
local.]
SHIL'LING, 78. [Sax. scill, scilling ; G. schilling; D.
schelling; Sw., Dan. shilling.] An English silver coin
equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a pound
SHIL'LY-SHAL-LY, 7?. [Russ. shahju, to play the foor.j
Foolish trifling; irresolution. [Vulgar. This word has
probably been written shill-I-shall-I from an ignorance
of its origin.]
SHI'LY. SeeSHTLT.
\ SHIM'MER, V. i. [Sax. scymrian ; G. schimmern , D
schemeren.] To gleam; to glisten. Chaucer.
SHIN, n. [Sax. scina, scyne ; G. schiene.] The fore pari
of the leg, particularly of the human leg.
SHINE, v^ i. ; pret. shined, or ohone ; pp. shined, or shone.
[Sax. scinaii ; G. scheinen.] 1. To emit rays of light; to
give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit
brightness or splendor. — Shining differs from sparkling,
glistening, glittering, as it usually implies a steady radia-
tion or emission of light, whereas the latter words usual-
ly imply iiTCgular or interrupted radiation. This dis-
tinction is not always observed, and we may say, that
the fixed stars shine, as well as sparkle. But we nev-er
say, the sun or the moon sparkles. 2. To be bright ; to
be lively and animated ; to be brilliant. 3. To be un-
clouded. 4. To be glossy or bright, as silk. 5. To be gay
or splendid. 6. To be beautiful. 7. To be eminent, con-
spicuous or distinguished. 8. To give light, real or figu-
rative. 9. To manifest glorious excellences. Ps. Ixxx,
10. To be clearly published. Is. ix. 11. To be conspicu-
ously displayed ; to be manifest. — To cause the face to
shine, to be propitious. JVuwi. vi.
SHINE, 71. 1. Fair weather. 2. Brightness; splendor;
lustre ; gloss.
SHYNESS. See Shyness.
SHINGLE, 71. [G. schindel ; L. scindula.] 1. A thin board
sawed or rived for covering buildings. 2. Round gravel,
or a collection of roundish stones. Shingle ballast is al-
last composed of gravel. — 3. Shingles, plu. [L. cingulum,]
a kind of tetter or herpes which spreads around the body
like a girdle ; an eruptive disease.
SHIN'GLE, V. t. To cover with shmdes.
SHIN'GLED, pp. Covered with shingles.
SHIN'GLING, ppr. Covering with shingles.
SHiN'ING, ppr. 1. Emitting light; bearamg; gleaming
2. a. Bright; splendid; radiant. 3. Illustrious; distin
guished ; conspicuous.
SHiN'ING, ■^.. Effusion or clearness of light ; brightness
SHTN'ING-NESS, n. Brightness ; splendor. Spenser
SHiN'Y, a. Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded.
SHIP, as a termination, denotes state or office ; as in lord
ship.
" See. Sijnopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Img —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRi) ;— f Obsolete
SHI :
bHIP. See Shape.
SHIP, n. [Sax. scip, scyp ; D. schip ; G. schiff.] In a gen-
eral sense, a vessel adapted to navigation, or floating on
water by means of sails.— In an appropriate sense, a
building of a structure or form fitted for navigation, fur-
nished with a bowsprit and three masts, a main-mast, a
fore-mast and a mizen-mast, each of which is composed
of a lower-mast, a top-mast and top-gallant-mast, and
square-rigged.
SHIP, V. t. [Sax. scipian.] 1. To put on board of a ship or
vessel of any kind. 2. To transport in a ship ; to convey
by water. 3. To receive into a ship or vessel.
SHIP'-BUiLD-ER, ) n. A man whose occupation is to con-
SHJP'-BILD-ER, \ struct ships and other vessels j a
naval architect ; a shipwright.
SHIP'-BUiLD-ING, ) n. Naval architecture ; the art of
SHIP'-BILD-ING, \ constructing vessels for navigation.
SHIFBOARD, adv. [ship and board.l 1. To go oti ship-
board or a shipboard, is to go aboard ; to enter a ship ; to
embark. 2. n. The plank of a ship ; [obs.]
SHIP'-BOY, n. A boy that serves on board of a ship.
SHIP'-€ARP-EN-TER, n. A shipwrigiit ; a carpenter that
works at ship-building.
SHIP'-CHAND-LER, n. One who deals in cordage, canvas
and other furniture of ships.
SHIP'-HoLD-ER, n. The owner of a ship or of shipping.
SHIP'LESS, a. Destitute of ships. Gray.
t SHIP'MAN, 71. [ship and man.] A seaman or sailor.
SHIP'MAS-TER, n. [ship and master.] The captain, mas-
ter or commander of a ship. Jonah i.
SHIP'MENT, n. 1. The act of putting any thing on board
of a ship or other vessel; embarkation. 2. The goods or
things shipped, or put on board of a ship r- other vessel.
SHIP'-M6N-EY, n. [ship and money.] In English history,
an imposition formerly charged on the ports, towns,
Cities, boroughs and counties of England, for providing
and furnishing certain ships for the king's service.
SHIPPED, pp. Put on board of a ship or vessel ; received on
board.
fSHIP'PEN, n. [Sax. scipen.] A stable ; a cow-house.
SHIP'PING, ppr. 1. Putting on board of a ship or vessel ;
receiving on board. 2. a. Relating to ships.
SHIPPING, ?i. Ships in general; ships or vessels of any
kind for navigation. — To take shipping, to embark; to
enter on board a sliip or vessel for conveyance or pas-
sage.
SHIP'-SHAPE, adv. In a seamanlike manner. Mar. Diet.
SHIP'WRE€K, n. [ship and loreck.] 1. The destruction of
a ship or other vessel by being cast ashore or broken to
pieces by beating against rocks and the like. 2. The parts
of a shattered ship ; [unusual.] 3. Destruction.
SIIIPWRE€K, V. t. 1. To destroy by running ashore or on
rocks or sand-banks. 2. To suiter the perils of being cast
away ; to be cast ashore with the loss of the ship.
SHIP'WREGKED, pp. Cast ashore ; dashed upon the rocks
or banksj destroyed.
SHIP'WRiGHT, n. One whose occupation is to construct
ships ; a builder of ships or other vessels.
*SHlRE, or SHIRE, n. [Sax. scir, scire, scyre.] In Eng-
land, a division of territory, otherwise called a county.'^—
In the United States, the corresponding division of a state
is called a county, but we retain shire in the compound
Jialf-shire.
*SHIRE'-MOTE, n. [Sax. scyr-gemote.] Anciently, in
England, the county court; sheriff's turn or court.
Blackstone.
SHIRK, a different spelling of shark, which see.
SIIiRL, a different spelling of shorl. See Shorl.
SHtR'LEY, n. A bird, called the greater bullfinch.
SHIRT, 71. [Da.n. skiorte ; Sw. skiorta.] A loose garment
of hnen, cotton or other material, worn by men and boys
next the body.
SHiRT, V. t. To cover or clothe, as with a shirt. 2. To
change the shirt and put on a clean one.
SHiRT'LESS, a. Wanting a shirt. Pope.
SHIST, or SHIST'US, n. A species of argillaceous earth or
slate ; clay-slate.
SHIST'IO, ) a. Pertaining to shist, or partaking of its
SHIST'OUS, \ properties.
SHIT'TAH )
SHP^'TIM ' [ "• ^^ Scripture, a sort of precious wood.
SHIT'TLe' a. Wavering ; unsettled. [Mot used, or local.]
SniT'TLE-€0€K. See Shuttle-cock.
SHIT'TLE-NESS, n. Unsettled ness ; inconstancy. [L. u.]
*SHIVE, (shiv) 72. [D. schyf; G. scheihe.] 1. A slice; a
thin cut; [obs.] 2. A thin, flexible piece cut off ; [ohs.]
Boyle. 3. A little piece or fragment ; as the shives of
flax. •«*
SHIVER, n. [G. schiefer, schiefcrn.] 1. In mineralogy, a
species of blue slate ; shist ; shale. — 2. In seamen''s lan-
guage, a little wheel ; a sheave.
SHIVER, V. t. To break into many small pieces or splin-
ters ; to shatter ; to dash to pieces by a blow.
SHIVER, V. i. I To fall at once into many small pieces or
51
SHO
parts. 2. To quake ; to tremble ; to shudder ; to elmke
as with cold, ague, fear or horror. 3. To be affected with
a thrilling sensation, like that of chilliness.
SHIV'ER, 71, 1. A small piece or fragment into which a
thing breaks by any sudden violence. 2. A slice j a
sliver.
SHIVERED, pp. Broken or dashed into small pieces
SHIVER-ING, pp7\ 1. Breaking or dashing into small
pieces. 2. Ciuaking ; trembling ; shaking, as with cold
or fear.
SHIVER-TNG, n. 1. The act of breaking or dashing to
pieces; division ; severance. 2. A trembling ; a shaking
with cold or fear.
SHIVER-SPaR, n. [G. sckiefer-spath.] A carbonate of
lime ; called, also, slate-spar.
SHIVER-Y, a. Easily falling into many pieces ; not firmly
cohering; incompact.
SHoAD, n. Among miaers, a train of metallic stones, which
serves to direct them in the discovery of mines.
SHoAD'-STONE, n. A small stone, smooth, of a dark
liver color, with a shade of purple.
SHoAL, n. [Sax. sceol.] 1. A great multitude assembled ;
a crowd ; a throng. 2. A place where the water of a
river, lake or sea is shallow or of little depth ; a sand-
bank or bar ; a shallow.
SHoAL, V. i. 1. To crowd ; to throng ; to assemble in a
multitude. 2. To become more shallow.
SHoAL, a. Shallow; of little depth ; as, shoal water.
SHoAL'I-NESS, n. I. Shallowness ; little depth of water
2._The state of abounding with shoals.
SIIoAL'Y, a. Full of shoals or shallow places. Dryden.
SHO€K, 71. [D. schok ; Er. choc] 1. A violent collision of
bodies, or the concussion which it occasions ; a violent
striking or dashing against. 2. Violent onset ; conflict of
contending armies or foes. 3. External violence. 4. Of-
fense ; impression of disgust. — 5. In electricity, the effect
on the animal system of a discharge of the fluid from a
charged body. B. A pile of sheaves of wheat, rye, &c. —
7. In JSTeiD England, the number of sixteen sheaves of
wheat, rye, &c. 8. [from shag.] A dog with long, rough
hair or shag.
SHOOK, V. t. [D. schokken ; Fr. choquer.] 1. To shake by
the sudden collision of a body. 2. To meet force with
force ; to encounter. 3. To strike, as with horror or dis-
gust ; to cause to recoil, as from something odious or hor
rible ; to offend extremely ; to disgust.
SHOOK, V. i. To collect sheaves into a pile ; to pile
sheaves,
SHOCKED, pp. 1. Struck, as with horror; offended; dis-
gusted. 2. Piled, as sheaves.
SIIOOK'ING, ppr. 1. Shaking with sudden violence, 2,
Meeting in onset or violent encounter. 3. a. Striking, as
with horror ; causing to recoil with horror or disgust.
SHOOK'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to strike with horror
or disgust. Chesterfield.
SHOD, for shoed, pret. and pp. of shoe.
SHOE, (shoo) n.jplu. shoes, (shooz). [Sax. sceo, sceog ; G.
schuh ; D. schoen.] 1. A covering for the foot, usually of
leather, composed of a thick species for the sole, and a
thinner kind for the vamp and quarters. 2. A plate or
rim of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse or an ox to de-
fend it from injury. 3. The plate of iron which is nailed
to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle
tliat slides on the snow in winter. 4. A piece of timber
fastened with pins to the bottom of the runners of a sled,
to prevent them from wearing, 5. Something in form of
a shoe. 6. A cover for defense.
SHOE, V. t.; pret. and pp. shod. 1. To furnish with shoes ;
to put shoes on. 2. To cover at the bottom.
SHOE'BLAOK, n. A person that cleans shoes.
SHOE'BOY, 71. [shoe and boy.] A boy that cleans shoes,
SH5E'BU€-KLE, n. [shoe and buckle.] A buckle for fas-
tening the shoe to the foot.
SHOE'IiVG, ppr. Putting on shoes.
SHoE'ING-HORN, n. 1. A horn used to facilitate the
entrance of the foot into a narrow shoe. 2. Any thing
by which a transaction is facilitated ; any thing used as a
medium ; in contempt.
SHOE'-LEATH-ER, n. Leather for shoes.
SIIOE'LESS, a. Destitute of shoes. Dr. Addison.
SHOE'MaK-ER, n. [shoe and maker.] One whose occu-
pation or trade is to make shoes and boots.
SHO'ER, n. One that fits shoes to the feet ; one that fur-
nishes or puts on shoes ; as a, farrier.
SHOE'STRING, n. [shoe and string.] A string used to
fasten a shoe to the foot.
SHOE'TyE, 71. [shoe and tye.] A ribbon used for fastening
a shoe to the foot. Hudibras.
t SHOG, for shock, a violent concussion. Dryden.
t SHOG, V. t. To shake ; to agitate. Carew.
t SHOG, V. i. To move off; to be gone ; to jog. See Jog.
t SHOG'GING, n. Concussion. Harmar.
tSHOG'GLE, V. t. To shake ; to joegle. See Joggle,
" See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
SHO
752
SHO
bHOLE, 71. [Sax. sceol.] A throng; a crowd; a great
multitude assembled. See Shoal.
* SHONE, pp. of shine.
SHOOK, pp. of shake.
t SHOON, uldplu. of Shoe.
SHOOT, V. t.j prat, and pp. shot. The old participle shotten
is obsolete. [Sax. sceotan, scytan ; G. schosseii.] 1. To
let fly and drive with force. 2. To discharge and cause
to be driven with violence. 3. To send off witJi force :
to dart. 4. To let off; iised of the instrument. 5. To
siiike with any thing shot. 6. To send out ; to push forth.
7. To push out ; to emit ; to dart ; to thmst forth. 8. To
push forward; to drive ; to propel. 9. To push out; to
thrust forward. 10. To pass through with swiftness. 11.
To fit to eacJi other by planing ; a workman's term. 12.
To kill by a ball, arrow or other thuig shot.
SHOOT, V. i. 1. To perform the act of discharging, sending
with force, or driving any thing by means of an engine
or instrument. 2. To germinate ; to bud ; to sprout ; to
send forth branches. .3. To form' by shooting, or by an
arrangement of particles into spiculae. 4. To be emitted,
sent forth or driven along. 5. To protuberate ; to be
pushed out ; to jut ; to project. 6. To pass, as an arrow
or pointed instrument ; to penetrate. 7. To grow rapid-
ly ; to become by rapid growth. 8. To move with ve-
locity. 9. To feel a quick, darting pain. — To shoot ahead,
to outstrip in running, flying or saUing.
SHOOT, n. 1. The act of propelling or driving any thing
witli violence ; the discharge of a fire-arm or bow. 2.
The act of striking or endeavoring to strike with a mis-
sive weapon. 3. A young branch. 4. A young swine ;
[in JVew England pronounced shote.'\
SHOOT'ER, n. One that shoots ; an aixher ; a gunner.
SHOOT'ING, ppr. Discharging, as lire-arms ; pushing out ;
germinating; branching ; glancing, as pain.
SHOOTTNG, 71. 1. The act of discharging fire-arms, or of
sending an arrow with force ; a firing. 2. Sensation of a
quick, glancing pain. — 3. In sportsmoMship,\hediCl or prac-
tice of killing game witJi guns or fire-arms.
SHOOT' Y, a. Corresponding in size or growth ; of an equal
size. Orose.
SHOP, 71. [Norm, schope ; Sax. sceoppa.] 1. A building in
which goods, wares, drugs, &:c. are sold by retail. 2. A
building in which mechanics work, and where they keep
their manufactures for sale.
SHOP, V. i. To visit shops for purchasing goods ; used chief-
ly in the participle.
SHOP'BoARD, 7i. A bench on which work is performed.
SHOP'BOOK, 71. [shop and book.] A book in which a
tradesman keeps his accounts. Locke.
•\ BHOPE, old pret. of shape. Shaped. Spenser.
SHOF'KEEP-ER, n. A trader who sells goods in a shop or
by retail ; in distinction from a merchant, or one who sells
bywholesal3. Addison.
SHOP'LIFT-ER, n. One who steals anything in a shop, or
takes goods privately from a shop.
SHOP'LIFT-ING, n. Larceny committed in a shop ; the
stealing of any thing from a shop.
SHOP'LiKE, a. Low; vulgar. B.Johnson.
SHOP'MAN, 71. 1. A petty trader. 2. One who serves in
a shop.
SHOPPING, ppr. Visiting shops for the purchase of goods.
t SHORE, the old pret. of shear.
SHORE, n. [Sax. score.] The coast or land adjacent to the
ocean or sea, or to a large lake or river.
SHORE, 71. The popular but corrupt pronunciation of seio-
er.
SHORE, n. [Sp., Port, escora ; D. schoor.] A prop ; a but-
tress ; something that supports a building.
SHORE, V. t. 1. To prop ; to support by a post or buttress.
2._ To set on shore ; [obs.~\ Shak.
SHoRED, pp. Propped ; supported by a prop.
SHoRE'LESS, a. Having no shore or coast; of indefinite
or^ unlimited extent. Boyle.
SHoRE'LING, ) n. In England, the skin of a living sheep
SHOR'LING, \ shorn, as distinct from the morling, or
skin taken from a dead sheep.
SHORE, 71. [Sw. sA:uH.] A mineral.
SHOR-La'CEOUS, a. Like shorl. Kincan.
SHORL'ITE, 71. A mineral of a greenish-white color.
SHORN, pp. o{ shear. 1. Cut off. 2. Having the hair or
wool cut off" or sheared. 3. Deprived.
SHORT, a. [Sax. sceort, scyrt ; G. kurz ; D., Sw., Dan. kort ;
Fr. court ; It. corto ; L. curtus.] 1. Not long ; not hav-
ing great length or extension. 2. Not extended in time;
not of long duration. 3. Notof usual or sufficient length,
reach or extent. 4. Not of long duration ; repeated at
small intervals of time. 5. Not of adequate extent or
quantity; not reaching the point demanded, desir-ed or
expected. 6. Deficient ; defective ; imperfect. 7. Not
adequate ; insufficient ; scanty. 8. Not sufficiently sup-
plied ; scantily furnished. 9. Not far distant in time;
future. 10. Net fetching a compass ; as in the phrase to
turn short. 11. Not going to the point intended ; as, to
stop short. 12. Defective in quantity. 13. Narrow
limited ; not extended ; not large or comprehensive. 14
Brittle ; friable ; breaking all at once without splinters or
shatters. 15. Not bending. 16. Abrupt ; brief ; pointed ;
petulant ; severe. — To be short, to be scantily supplied —
To come short. 1. To fail ; not to do wliat is deitianded or
expected. 2. Not to reach or obtain. Rom. iii. 3. To
fail , to be insufficient. — To cut short, to abridge ; to con-
tract. — To fall short. 1. To fail ; to be inadequate or scan-
ty. 2. To fail ; not to do or accomplish. 3. To he less.— 7V
stop short, to stop at once ; also, to stop without reaching
the point intended. — To turn short. 1. To turn on the spo"t
occupied; to turn without making a compass. — To be ta-
ken short, to be seized with urgent necessity. — In short, iii
few words ; briefly.
SHORT, n. A summarv account. Shak.
SHORT, adv. Not long!] Dryden.
SHORT, V. t. 1. To shorten. 2. v. i. To fail ; to decrease ;
[obs.]
SHORT'-BREATHED, (short'bretht) a. Having short breath
or quick respiration.
SHORT'-DaT'ED, a. Having little time to run.
SHORT'EN, (short'n) v. t. [Sax. scyrtan.] 1. To make
short in measure, extent or time. 2. To abridge ; to lessen.
3. To curtail. 4. To contract ; to lessen ; to diminish in
extent or amount. 5. To confine ; to restrain. 6. To
lop ; to deprive.
SHORT'EN, (short'n) v. i. 1. To become short or shorter.
2. To contract.
SHORTENED, pp. Made shorter; abridged; contracted.
SHORT'EN-ING, ppr. Making shorter ; contracting.
SHORT'EN-ING, n. Something used in cookery to make
paste short or friable, as butter or lard.
SHORT'-HAND, n. Short writijig ; a compendious method
of writing ; otherwise called stenography.
SHORT'-JOINT-ED, a. [short and joint. | A horse is said
to be short-jointed, when the pastern is too short.
SHORT'-LIVED, a. [short and live.] Not living or lasting
long ; being of short continuance. Dryden.
SHORT LY, adv. 1. Quickly ; soon; in a little time. 2. In
few words ; briefly.
SHORT'NER, 7i. He or that which shortens. S^oift.
SHORT'NESS, n. 1. Tlie quality of being short in space or
time ; little length or little duration. 2. Fewness of
words ; brevity ; conciseness. 3. Want of reach or the
power of retention. 4. Deficiency ; imperfection ; limit-
ed extent.
SHORT'-RIB, n. One of the lower ribs ; a rib shorter than
the others, below the sternum ; a false rib.
SHORTS, 71. plu. The bran and coarse part of meal. [Lo-
cal.]
SHORT'-SlGHT, n. Short-sightedness; myopy ; vision
accurate only when the object is near. Oood.
SHORT'-STGHT-ED, a. 1. Not able to see far; having
limited vision. 2. Not able to look far into futurity ; not
able to understand things deep or remote ; of limited in
tellect.
SHORT' -SiGHT-ED-NESS, 71. 1. A defect in vision, con-
sisting in the inability to see things at a distance. 2. De-
fective or limited intellectual sight.
SHORT'-WaIST-ED, a. Having a short waist.
SHORT'-WIND-ED, a. [short and 7Di7id.] Affected with
shortness of breath ; having a quick respiration.
SHORT'-VVINGED, a. Having short wings.
SHORT'- WIT-TED, a. Having little wit ; not wise ; of
scanty intellect or judgment. Hales.
SHoR'Y, a. Lying near the shore or coast. [Little used, j
SHOT, pret. and pp. of shoot.
SHOT, 71. [Sax. scyt ; D. schoot, schot.] 1. The act of
shooting ; discharge of a missile weapon. 2. A missile
weapon, particularly a ball or bullet. 3. Small globular
masses of lead, used for killing fowls and other small an-
imals. 4. The flight of a missile weapon, or the distance
which it passes from the engine. 5, A reckoning ; charge
or proportional share of expense. — Shut of a cable, in sea-
men's language, the splicing of two cables together; or
the whole length of two cables thus united.
SHOTE, n. [Sax. sceota.] 1. A fish resembling the trout.
2. A young hog; see Skoot.
SHOT'-FREE, a. 1. Free from charge ; exempted from any
share of expense ; scot-free. 2. Not to be injured by
shot ; [obs.] 3. Unpunished ; [obs.]
SHOT'TEN, (shot'n) a. [from shoot.] 1. Having ejected
the spawn. 2. Shooting into angles. 3. Sliot out of it*
socket ; dislocated ; as a bone.
t SHOUGH, (shok) n. A kind of shaggy dog. See Shock.
SHOULD, (shud). The preterit of 5A0ZZ, but now u»ed as an
auxiliary verb, either in the past time or conditional pres-
ent ; and it often denotes obligation or duty.
SHoUL'DER, 71. [Sax. sculdre, sculdor, sculder ; G. schulter ,
D. schouder.] 1. The joint by which the arm of a human
being, or the fore leg of a quadruped, is connected with the
body. 2. The upper joint of the fore leg of an animal cut
for the market. 3. Shoulders, in the plural, the upper part
* See Synopsis A, E, I, 5, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
SHO
'53
SHR
of the back 4. Figuratively, support ; sustaining power ;
or that which elevates and sustains. — 5. Among artificers,
something like the human shoulder ; horizontal or rectan-
gular projection from the body of a thing.
SHoUL'DER, V. t. 1. To push or thrust with the shoulder ;
to push with violence. 2. To talie upon the shoulder.
SHoUL'DER-BELT, n. [shoulder and belt.] A belt that
passes across the shoulder. Drxjden.
SHoUL'DER-BLADE, n. The bone of the shoulder, or
blade-bone ; called by anatomists scapula.
t SHoUL'DER-eLAP-PER, n. One that claps another on
the shoulder, or that uses great familiarity. Shak.
SHoUL'DER-KNOT. n. [shoulder and k7iot.] An orna-
mental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the shoulder ; an
epaulet.
SHoUL'DER-SHOT-TEN, a. [shoulder and shot.] Strain-
ed in the shoulder, as a horse. Shak.
SHoUL'DER-SLIP, n. [shoulder and slip.] Dislocation of
the shoulder or of the humerus. Swift.
SHOUT, V. i. To utter a sudden and loud outciy, usually
in joy or exultation, or to animate soldiers in an onset.
SHOUT, 7«. Aloud burst of voice or voices; a vehement
and sudden outcry, particularly of a multitude of men,
expressing joy, triumph, exultation or animated coiur-
age.
SHOUT, V. t. To treat with shouts or clamor. Hall.
SHOUT'ER, 7i. One that shouts. Dryden.
SH0UT'ING,;>p7-. Uttering a sudden and loud outcry in joy
or exultation.
SHOUT'ING, n. The act of shouting. 2 Sam. vi.
SH6VE, 1). ^ [Sax. scufan ; B.schuiven; Sw. skuffa; Dan.
skuftr.] 1. To push ; to propel ; to drive along by the
direct application of strength without a sudden impulse ;
to push a-body by sliding or causing it to move along the
surface of another body. 2. To push ; to press against.
SH6VE, V. i. 1. To push or drive forward ; to urge a course.
2. To push off; to move in a boat or with a pole.
SH6VE, 71. The act of pushing or pressing against by
strength, without a sudden impulse. Swift.
SH6VED, pp. Pushed ; propelled.
SHoV'EL, (shuv'l) 71. [Sax. scofl; G. schaufel; D. sclioffel.]
An instrument consisting of a broad scoop or hollow
blade with a handle ; used for throwing earth or other
loose substances.
SHoV'EL, V. t. 1. To take up and throw with a shovel. 2.
To gather in great quantities.
SHoV'EL-BoARD, n. A board on which they play by slid-
ing metal pieces at a mark. Dryden.
SH6 V ELED, pp. Thrown with a shovel.
SH6V'EL-ER, n. A fowl of the duck kind.
SHoV'EL-ING, ppr. Throwing with a shovel.
SHoW, V. t.; pret. sftowed; pp. shown or showed. It is
sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn. [Sax. sceawian ;
D. scliouwen; G. schauen.] 1. To exhibit or present to
the view of others. 2. To afford to the eye or to notice ;
to contain in a visible form. 3. To make or enable to see.
4 To make or enable to perceive. 5. To make to know ;
to cause to understand ; to make known to ; to teach or
mform. Job x. 6. To prove ; to manifest. 7. To inform ;
to teach. 8. To point out, as a guide. 9. To bestow ; to
confer ; to afford. Ps. cxii. 10. To prove by evidence.
Ezra ii. 11. To disclose ; to make known. 12. To dis-
cover ; to explain. Dan. ii. — To show forth, to manifest ;
tq^ publish ; to proclaim. 1 Pet. ii.
SHoW, V. i. 1. To appear ; to look •, to be in appearance.
2. To have appearance ; to become or suit well or ill ; [obs.]
SHoW, 71. 1. Superficial appearance; not reality. 2. A
spectacle ; something offered to view for money. 3. Os-
tentatious display or parade. 4. Appearance as an object
of notice. 5. Public appearance, in distinction from con-
cealmdiit. 6. Semblance ; likeness. 7. Speciousness ;
plausibility. 8. External appearance. 9. Exhibition to
view. 10. Pomp; magnificent spectacle. 11. A phan-
tom. 12. Representative action. 13. External appear-
ance ; hypocritical pretense.
SHoW'-BREAD, or SHEW'-BREAD, n. [show and bread.]
Among the Jews, bread of exhibition ; the loaves of bread
which the priest of the week placed before the Lord, on
the golden table in the sanctuary. They were twelve in
number, and represented the twelve tribes of Israel.
They were to be eaten by the priest only.
SHoW'ER, 71. One who shows or exhibits.
SHOWER, 71. [Sax. scwr ,• G. scAawer.] 1. A fall of rain
or hail, of short duration. 2. A fall of ihings from the
air in thick succession. 3. A copious supply bestowed ;
liberal distribution.
SHOW'ER, V. t. 1. To water with a shower ; to wet copi-
ously with rain. 2. To bestow liberally ; to distribute or
scatter in abundance. 3. To wet with falling water, as
in the shower-bath.
SHOW'ER, V. i. To rain in showers.
SHOWERED, pp. Wet with a shower ; watered abun-
dantly ; bestowed or distributed liberally.
SHOWER-LESS, a. Without showers. Armstrong.
SHOW'ER-Y, a. Raining in showers; abounding with
frequent falls of rain.
SHoW'I-LY, adv. In a showy manner ; pompously , witli
SHoW'I-NESS, 71. State of being showy ; pompousness ,
great parade.
SHoWlSH, o. 1. Splendid ; gaudy ; [I. u.] 2. Ostentatious.
SHoWN, pp. of show. Exhibited ; manifested ; proved.
SHoWY, a. 1. Splendid ; gay ; gaudy ; making a great
show ; fine. Addison. 2- Ostentatious.
t SHRAG, V. t. To lop.
t SHRAG, n. A twig of a tree cut off.
t SHRAG 'GER, n. One that lops ; one that trims trees.
SHRANK, pret. of shrink, nearly obsolete.
I SHRAPE i '^' ^ P'^*^® halted with chaff to invite bkds
SHRED, V. t.; pret. and pp. shred. [Sax. screadan.] To
cut into small pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces.
SHRED, 71. 1. Along, narrow piece cut off; as, shreds of
cloth. Bacon. 2. A fragment; apiece. Swift.
SHRED'DING, ppr. Cutting into shreds.
SHRED'DING, n. That which is cut off ; a piece.
SHREW, n. 1. A peevish, brawling, turbulent, vexatious
woman. 2. A shrew-mouse.
t SHREW, V. t. To beshrew ; to cmse. Chaucer.
SHREWD, a. 1. Having the qualities of a shrew ; vexa-
tious ; troublesome ; mischievous ; [obs.] Shak. 2. Sly ;
cunning; arch; subtil; artful; zistute. 3. Sagacious,
of nice discernment. 4. Proceeding from cunning oi
sagacity, or containing it. 5. Painful ; vexatious ; trouble-
some ; [obs.]
SPIREWD'LY, adv. 1. Mischievously ; destructively ; [obs.i
2. Vexatiously ; [obs.] 3. Archly ; sagaciously ; with
good guess. Locke.
SHREWD'NESS, n. 1. Sly cunning ; archness. 2. Saga-
ciousness ; sagacity ; the quality of nice discernment. 3.
.Mischievousness ; vexatiousness ; [obs.]
SHREWISH, u. Having the qualities of a shrew ; froward ;
peevish ; petulantly clamorous. Shak.
SHREWISH-LY, adv. Peevishly ; clamorously.
SHREWISH-NESS, n. The qualities of a shrew ; frow-
ardness ; petulance ; turbulent clamorousness.
SHREW-MOUSE, n. [Sax. screawa.] A small animal
resembling a mouse, but belonging to the genus sorex.
SHRIEK, V. i. [Dan. skriger ; Sw. skrika ; G. schreicn.]
To utter a sharp, shrill cry ; to scream, as in a sudden
fright, in horror or anguish. Shak.
SHRIeK, 71. A sharp, shrill outcry or scream, such as is
prod_uced by sudden terror or extreme anguish.
SHRIeK'ING, ppr. Crying out with a shrill voice.
tSHRlEV'AL,a. Pertaining to a sheriff.
SHRIeV'AL-TY, n. [from sheriff.] Sheriffalty ; the office
of a sheriff. Blackstone.
fSHRlEVE, n. Sheriff.
t SHRlFT, n. [Sax. scrift.] Confession made to a priest
t SHRiGHT, for shrieked. Chaucer.
t SHRlGHT, n. A shriek. Spenser.
SHRIKE, n. [See Shriek.] The butcher-bird.
SHRILL, a. [W. grill; Arm. scrilh } L. gryllus.] 1.
Sharp ; acute ; piercing ; as sound. 2. Uttering an acute
sound.
SHRILL, V. i. To utter an acute, piercing sound. Spenser
SHRILL, V. t. To cause to make a shrill sound. Spenser.
SHRILL'NESS, n. Acuteness of sound ; sharpness or fine-
ness of voice. Smitlu
SHRIL'LY, adv. Acutely, as sound ; with a sharp sound
t SHRIMP, V. t. [D. kriwpen.] To contract.
SHRIMP, n. 1. A crustaceous animal of the genus cancer.
2. A little wrinkled man ; a dwarf; in contempt.
SHRINE, 71. [Sax. serin ; G. schrein ; Sw. skrin ; L. scrini-
um.] A case or box ; particularly applied to a case in
which sacred things are deposited.
SHRINK, V. i.; pret. and pp. shrunk. The old pret. shrank
and pp. shrunken are nearly obsolete. [Sax. scrincan.] 1
To contract spontaneously ; to draw or be drawn into less
length, breadth or compass by an inherent power. 2. To
shrivel ; to become wrinkled by contraction ; as the
skin. 3. To withdraw or retire, as from danger ; to de-
cline action from fear. 4. To recoil, as in fear, horror or
distress. 5. To express fear, horror or pain by shrugging
or contracting the body.
SHRINK, V. t. To cause to contract.
SHRINK, n. Contraction ; a spontaneous drawing into less
compass; corrugation. 2. Contraction; a withdrawing
from fear or horror.
SHRINK'AGE, n. A shrinking or contraction into a less
compass.
SHRINK'ER, 71. One that shrinks ; one that withdraws
from danger.
SHRINK'ING, ppr. Contracting ; drawing together ; with-
drawing from danger ; causing to contract.
SHRIV'AL-TY. See Shrievalty.
t SHRIVE, V. t. [Sax. scrifan.] To hear or receive the con
fession of ; to admmister confession ; as a priest.
See Syvopsis.
MOVE, BOOK, DOVE :
■ '48
-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; ? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
SHU
754
SIC
I SHRIVE, V. u To administer confession. Spenser.
SHRIVEL, (shriv'l) v. i. [from the root of rivel, Sax. geri-
Jled.] To contract ; to draw or be drawn into wrinkles ;
to sltrink and form corrugations.
SHRIVEL, V. t. To contract into wrinkles ; to cause to
slirink into corrugations.
SHRIVELED, pp. Contracted into wrinkles.
SHRIV'EL-ING, ppr. Contracting into wrinkles.
tSHRlVER,?t. [from shrive.j A confessor. Shak.
t SHRlV ING, n. Shrift ; confession taken. Spenser.
SHROUD, n. [Sax. scrud.] 1. A shelter ; a cover ; that
which covers, conceals or protects. 2. The dress of tlie
dead ; a winding sheet. — 3. Shroud or shrouds of a ship, a
range of large ropes extending from the head of a mast to
the right and left sides of the ship, to support the mast.
4 A branch of a tree.
SHROUD, V t. 1. To cover : to shelter from danger or an-
noyance 2. To dress for the grave ; to cover ; as a dead
body. 3. To cover J to conceal ; to hide. 4. To defend;
to protect by hiding. 5. To overwhelm. 6. To lop the
branches of a tree ; [unusual.]
SHROUD, V. i. To take shelter or harbor. MUton.
SHROUD'ED, pp. Dressed ; covered ; sheltered.
SHROUD'ING, ppr. Dressing ; covering ; concealing.
SHROUD'Y, a. Affording shelter. Jllilton.
f SHRoVE, V. i. To join in the festivities of Shrove-tide.
SHRoVE'-TlDE, } u. Confession-time ; confession-
SHRoVE'-TuES-DAY, \ Tuesday ; the Tuesday after
(iuinquagesima-Sunday, or the day immediately preced-
ingjhe first of Lent, or Ash-Wednesday.
SHRoVING, 71. The festivity of Shrove-tide.
SHRUB, n. [Sax. scrob ; G. schroff.] A low, dwarf tree ;
a woody plant of a size less than a tree.
SHRUB, n. [Ar.] A liquor composed of acid and sugar,
with spirit to preserve it.
SHRUB, V. t. To clear of shrubs. Anderson.
SHRUB'BER-Y, n. 1. Shrubs. 2. A plantation of shrabs.
SHRUB'BY, a. 1. Full of shrubs. 2. Resembling a shrub.
3. Consisting of shrubs or brush. 4. A shrubby plant is
perennial, with several woody stems.
fSHRUFF, 71. [G. schroff.] Dross ; recrement of metals.
SHRUG, V. t. [G. riJcken ; D. rug ; Sax. hric, or hrj/g.] To
draw up ; to contract ; as, to shrug the shoulders.
SHRUG, V. i. To raise or draw up the shoulders.
SHRUG, n. A drawing up of the shoulders ; a motion usu-
ally expressing dislike. Hudibras.
SHRUG'GING, ppr. Drawing up, as the shoulders.
SHRUNK, pret. and pp. of shrink.
SHRUNK'EN, pp. of shrink. [J^earbj obsolete.]
SHUD'DER, V. i. [G. schaudern ; D. schudden.] To quake ;
to tremble or shake with fear, horror or aversion ; to
shiver.
SHUD'DER, n. A tremor ; a shaking with fear or horror.
SHUD'DER-ING,jBpr. Trembling; quaking.
SHUF'FLE, V. t. [D. schoffelen.] 1. Properly, to shove one
way and the other ; to push from one to another. 2. To
mix by pushing or shoving ; to confuse ; to throw into
disorder ; especialhj, to change the relative positions of
cards in the pack. 3. To remove or introduce by artificial
confusion. — To shuff.e off, to push off; to rid one's self of.
— To shuffle up, to throw together in haste; to make up
or form in confusion or with fraudulent disorder.
SHUF'FLE, V. i. 1. To change the relative position of
cards in a pack by little shoves. 2. To change the posi-
tion ; to shift ground ; to prevaricate ; to evade fair ques-
tions ; to practice shifts to elude detection. 3. To strug-
gle ; to shift. 4. To move with an iiTCgular gait. 5. To
shove the feet ; to scrape the floor in dancing ; [vulgar.]
SHUF'FLE, 71. 1. A shoving, pushing or jostling ; the act
of mixing and throwing into confusion by ehange of
places. 2. An evasion ; a trick ; an artifice.
SHUF'FLE-BoARD. The old spelling of shovel-board.
SHUF'FLE-€AP, n. A play performed by shaking money
in a hat or cap. Jirbuthnot.
SHUF'FLED, pp. Moved by little shoves ; mixed.
SHUF'FLER, n. One that shuffles or prevaricates ; one
that plays tricks ; one that shuffles cards.
SHUF'FLING, ppr. 1. Moving by little shoves ; changing
the places of cards; evading; playing tricks. 2. a. Eva-
sive.
SHUF'FLING, n. 1. The act of throwing into confusion.
2. Trick ; artifice ; evasion. 3. An irregular gait.
SHUPFLING-LY, adv. With shuffling ; with an irregular
gait or pace. Dry den
SHUN, 7>. t. [Sax.scunian,ascunian.] 1. To avoid ; to keep
c?ear of; not to fall on or come in contact with. 2. To
avoid ; not to mix or associate with. 3. To avoid ; not to
practice. 4. To avoid ; to escape. 5. To avoid ; to de-
cline ; to neglect.
SHUN'LESS, a. Not to be avoided ; inevitable, [i. u.]
SHUNNED, j?p. Avoided.
SHUN'NING, ppr. Avoiding ; keeping clear from ; de-
clining.
SHURK. SeeSHAR-s.
SHUT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. shut. [Sax. scittan ; scyttan.] i
To close so as to hinder ingress or egress. 2. To prohibit ,
to bar ; to forbid entrance into. 3. To preclude ; to ex-
clude. 4. To close, as the fingers ; to contract. — To shut
in. 1. To inclose ; to confine. 2. Spoken of points of
land, when, by the progress of a ship, one point is brought
to cover or intercept the view of another To shut out, to
preclude from entering; to exclude. — To shut up. 1. To
close ; to make fast the entrances into. 2. To obstruct
3. To confine ; to imprison ; to lock or fasten in. 4. Tr
confine by legal or moral restraint. 5. To end ; to termi
nate ; to conclude.
SHUT, V. i. To close itself; to be closed.
SHUT, pp. 1. Closed ; having the entrance barred. 2. a
Rid; clear; free. L^Estrange.
SHUT, 7j. L Close; the act of closing ; [little used.] 2. A
small door or cover.
SHUT'TER, 71. 1. A person that shuts or closes. 2. A
door ; a cover ; something that closes a passage.
SHUT'TING,7);)r. Closing ; prohibiting entrance.
SHUT'TLE, n. [Ice. skutuL] An instrument used by
weavers for shooting the thread of the woof in weaving
from one side of the cloth to the other, between the threads
of the warp.
SHUT'TLE-€0€K, n. [shuttle and cock, or cork.] A cork
stuck with feathers, used to be struck by a battledore in
play ; also, the play.
SHY, a. [G. scheu ; D. schuw ; Sw. skygg ; Dan. sky.] 1.
Fearful of near approach ; keeping at a distance through
caution or timidity ; shunning approach. 2. Reserved ;
not familiar ; coy ; avoiding freedom of intercourse. 3.
Cautious ; wary ; careful to avoid committing one's sell
or adopting measures. 4. Suspicious ; jealous.
SHY, V. i. To shun by turning aside ; applied to a horse.
SHY'LY, adv. In a shy or timid manner ; not familiarly ;
with reserve.
SHf'NESS, 71. Fear of near approach or of familiarity ; re-
serve ; coyness.
SI-AL'O-GOGUE, (sl-al'o-gog) n. [Gr. ciaXov and ayiiiyos.
A medicine that promotes the salivary discharge. Encyc
t SIB, a. [Sax. sib.] Related by blood. Chaucer.
SIB, a relation, in Saxon, but not in use in English.
SI-Be'RI-AN, a. [Russ. siver, north.] Pertaining to Si-
beria.
SIB'ER-ITE, n. Red tourmalin. Ure.
SIB'I-LANT, a. [L. sibilo.] Hissing ; making a hissing
sound. S and z are called sibilant letcers.
SIB'I-LANT, 71. A letter that is uttered with a hissing ot
the voice, as s and z.
SIB-I-La'TION, n. A hissing sound. Bacon.
SIE'YL, n. [L. sibylla.] In pagan antiquity, the Sibyls
were certain women said to be endowed with a prophetic
spirit.
SYB'IL-LlNE, a. Pcrtaioing to the Sibyls ; uttered, writ
ten or composed by Sibyls.
SIC'A-MORE, 71. More usually written sycamore, whichsee
t SIC'CATE, V. t. To dry.
t SIC^-Ca'TION, 71. The act or process of drying.
SIC'CA-TlVE, a. [L. sicca.] Drying ; causing to dry.
SI€'CA-TlVE, 71. That which promotes the process of dry
ing.
tSI€-CIF'I€, a. [L. siccus and^o.] Causing dryness.
SIC'CI-TY, 71. [L. siccitas.] Dryness ; aridity ; destitution
of moisture. Brown.
SICE, (size) 71. [Fr. six.] The number six at dice.
SICrl, for s76cA. [See Such.] Chaucer.
SICK, a. [Sax. seoc ; D. ziek; Sw. sink ; Ice. syke.] 1. Af
fected with nausea ; inclined to vomit. 2. Disgusted ;
having a strong dislike to ; with of. 3. Affected with
disease of any kind ; not in health. 4. Corrupted ; [obs.]
Shak.— 5. The sick, the person or persons affected with
disease.
t SICK, V. t. To make sick. See Sicken.
SICK-'-BiRTH, 71. In a ship of war, an apartment for the
SICK'EN, (si'k'n) v. t. 1. To make sick ; to disease. 2. To
make squeamish. 3. To disgust. 4. To impair ; [obs.''.
Shak.
SICK'EN, V. i. 1. To become sick ; to fall into disease. 2
To be satiated ; to be filled to disgust. 3. To become dis-
gusting or tedious. 4. To be disgusted ; to be filled with
aversion or abhorrence. 5. To become weak ; to decay ,
to languish.
t SICK'ER, a. [L. securus ; Dan. sikker ; G. sicher ; D. ze-
ker.] Sure ; certain ; firm. Spenser.
t SICK'ER, adv. Surely; certainly. Spenser.
t SI€K'ER-LY, adv. Surely.
t SICK'ER-NESS, n. Security. Spenser.
SI€K'ISH, a. [from sick.] 1. Somewhat sick or diseased.
Hakeirill. 2. Exciting disgust ; nauseating.
SICK'ISH-NESS, 71. The quality of exciting disgust.
SICKLE, (sik'l) n. [S^\.sicel,sicol ; G.sichel; D zikkel.']
A reaping-hook ; a hooked instrument with teeth ; used
for cutting grain.
See Synopsis. A K, I, 5, U, Y, long.—l^'AR, FALL, WHAT j—PREY ,--PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obwlete.
SID
755
SIG
SI€'KLED, a. Furnished with a sickle. Thomson.
SI€'KLE-MAN, 1 n. One that uses a sickle ; a reaper. [J^ot
SI€'KLER, \ used in JsTew England.] Sliak.
SI€'KLE-W6RT, n. A plant of the genus coronilla.
SI€K'LI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being sickly ; the state
of being habitually diseased. 2. The state of producing
sickness extensively. 3. The disposition to generate dis-
ease extensively.
SI€K'-LIST, n. A list containing the names of the sick.
Si€K'T.Y, a 1. Not healthy ; somewhat affected with dis-
ease ; or h^jitually indisposed. 2. Producing disease ex-
tensively • marked with sickness. 3. Tending to pro-
duce disease ; as, a sizkly climate. 4. Faint ; weak ;
languid.
fSieiv'LY, V. t. To make diseased. Shak.
SICK'JNTESS, 71, [G. sucht.] I. Nausea j squearaishness.
2. State of being diseased. 3. Disease; malady; amor-
bid state of the body.
SIDE, n. [Sax. sid, side, sida ; D. zijde ; G. seite ; Sw. sida ;
Dan. side.] 1. The broad and long part or surface of a
thing, as distinguished from the end, which is of less ex-
tent, and may be a point. 2. Margin : edge ; verge ; bor-
der ; the exterior line of any thing, considered in length.
3. The part of an animal between the back and the face
and belly. 4, The part between the top and bottom ; the
slope, declivity or ascent, as of a hill or mountain. 5.
One part of a thing, or its superficies. 6. Any part con-
sidered in respect to its direction or point of compass. 7.
Party; faction; sect; any man or body of men considered
as in opposition to another. 8. Interest ; favor. 9. Any
part being in opposition or contradistinction to another.
10. Branch of a family ; separate line of descent. 11.
Cluarter ; region; part. — To take sides, to embrace the
opinions, or attach one's self to the interest of a party
when in opposition to another. — To choose sides, to select
parties for competition in exercises of any kind.
SIDE, a. 1. Lateral ; as,' a side post. 2. Being on the side^
or toward the side ; oblique ; indirect. 3. Long ; large ;
extensive ; [obs.]
SIDE, «. i. 1. To lean on one side ; [l.u.] 2. To embrace
the opinions of one party, or engage in its interest, when
opposed to another party.
t SIDE, V. t. 1. To stand at the side of. 2. To suit ; to
pair.
SiDE'BoARD, n. [side and board.] A piece of furniture or
cabinet-work, consisting of a table or box with drawers
or cejls, placed at the side of a room or in a recess, and
_u»ed to hold dining utensils, &c.
SiDE'-BOX, n. A box or inclosed seat on the side of a the-
atre, distinct from the seats in the pit.
SiDE'-FLY, n. An insect. Derham.
SiDE'LING, adv. [D. zydelings.] 1. Sidewise ; with the
side foremost. 2. Sloping.
SiDE'LONG, a. {side and long.] Lateral ; oblique ; not di-
jectly in front ; as, a sidelong glance. Drxjden.
SiDE'LONG, adv. 1. Laterally; obliquely; in the direction
_of the side. Milton. 2. On the side.
SiD'ER, 7j, 1. One that takes a side or joins a party. 2.
Cider; [obs.]
SID'ER-AL, or SI-De'RE-AL, a. [L. sideralis.] 1. Per-
taining to a star or stars; astral. 2. Containing stars;
starry. — Sidereal year, in astronomy, the period in which
the fixed stare apparently complete a revolution and come
to the same pohit in the heavens.
SID'ER-A-TED, a. [L. sideratus.] Blasted ; planet-struck.
SID-ER-a'TION, n. [L. sideratio.] A blasting or blast in
plants; a sudden deprivation of sense; an apoplexy; a
slight erysipelas. [Little xised.]
SID'ER-ITE, 71. [L.sideritis.] 1. The loadstone ; also, iron-
wort, a genus of plants ; also, the common ground pine. —
2. In mineralogy, a phosphate of iron. Fourcroy.
SID-ER-0-€AL'CITE, n. Brown spar. Urc.
SID-ER-0-€LEP'TE, n. A mineral. Saussure.
SID-ER-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to siderography,
SID-ER-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ or performed by engraved
SID-ER-OG'RA-PHIST, n. One who engraves steel plates,
or performs work by means of such plates.
SID-ER-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ffiSyjpos and ypacpio.] The art
or practice of engraving on steel. Perkins.
SID'E-RO-S€OPE, n. [Gr. mSripos and (TKoneo).] An in-
strument for detecting small quantities of iron in any
substance.
SiDE'-SAD-DLE, n. [side and saddle.] A saddle for a
woman's seat on horseback.
SiDE'-SAD-DLE FLOW-ER, ti. A species of sarraceTiia.
SIDES'MAN, 71. [side and man.] 1. An assistant to the
church- warden. 2. A party man. Milton.
SiDE'TaK-ING, 71. A taking sides, or engaging in a
party. Hall.
SIDE'WaYS, ) adv. 1. Towards one side; inclining. 2.
Side Wise, ) Laterally ; on one side. JVewtoTi.
SiD'ING, ppr. Joining one side or party.
SIDING, n. The attaching of one's self to a party.
Si'DLE, V. i. I. To go or move side foremost. 2. Telle on
the side. Swift.
SIeGE, 71. [Fr. siege ; Norm, sa^cj It. seggia, seggio.] 1.
The setting of an army around or before a fortified place
for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender,
or the surrounding or investing of a place by an army,
and approaching it by passages and advanced works,
which cover the besiegers from the enemy's fire. A siege
differs from a blockade, as in a siege the investing array
approaches the fortified place to attack and reduce it by
force ; but in a blockade, the army secures all the aven.ies
to the place to intercept all supplies, and waits till famine
compels the garrison to surrender. 2. Any continued en-
deavor to gain possession. 3. Seat ; throne ; [obs.] 4
Rank ; place ; class ; [obs.] Shak. 5. Stool ; [obs.]
t SIEGE, v.f. To besiege. Spenser.
Si'EN-lTE, 71. A compound granular rock. Lunier.
SlE'UR, (se'ur) 7i. [Fr.] A title of respect used by the
French.
SIEVE, (siv) n. [Sax.sife,sijfe ; G. sieb ; D zee/, zift.] An
utensil for separating tlour from bran.
SIFT, V. t. [Sax. siftan ; G. sieben ; D. ziften.] 1. To sepa-
rate by a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the
coarse. 2. To separate ; to part. 3. To examine minutely
or critically ; to scrutinize.
SIPT'ED, pp. Separated by a sieve ; purified from the
coarser parts ; critically examined.
SIFT'ER, 71. One that sifts ; that which sifts ; a sieve.
SIFT'ING, ppr. Separating the finer from the coarser part
by a sieve ; critically examining.
SIG, a Saxon word signifying victory, is used in names, as
in Sigbert, bright victory. It answers to the Greek vt*-^
in J\'icander, and the Latin vie, in Victorinus.
SiGH, (si) V. i. [Sax. sican ,• D. zugt, zugten ; Dan. siik^^r.]
To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and imme-
diately expel it ; to suffer a single deep respiration.
SiGH, V. t. 1. To lament; to mourn. 2. To express by
sighs.
SiGH, n. A single deep respiration ; a long breath ; the in-
haling of a larger quantity of air than usual, and the sud-
den emission of it.
SiGH'ER, 71. One that sighs.
SiGH'ING, ppr. Suffering a deep respiration.
SlGH'ING, 71. The act of suftering a deep respiration, or
taking a long breath.
Sight, 71. [Sax. gesiht ; D. gezigt ; G. sicht ; Dan. sigt ;
Sw. sickt.] 1. The act of seeing ;°perception of objects^'by
the eye ; view. 2. The faculty of vision, or of perceiving
objects by the instrumentality of the eyes. 3. Open view ;
the state of admitting unobstructed vision ; a being with-
in the limits of visi^^n. 4. Notice from seeing ; knowl-
edge. 5. Eye ; the instrument of seeing. 6. An aperture
through which objects are to be seen ; or something to
direct the vision. 7. That which is beheld ; a spectacle ;
a show. — To take sight, to take aim ; to look for the pur-
pose of directing a piece of artillery, &c.
SlGHT'ED, a. In composition only, having sight, or seeing
in a particular manner ; as, short-sighted.
t SiGHT'FUL-NESS, 71. Clearness of sight. Sidney.
SIGHT'LESS, a. 1. Wanting sight ; blind. Pope. 2. Of-
fensive or unpleasing to the eye. Shak.
SiGHT'LI-NESS, n. Comely appearance ; an appearance
pleasing to the sight.
SiGHT'LY, a. 1. Pleasing to the eye ; striking to the view
2. Open to the view ; that may be seen from a distance.
SiGHTS'MAN, 71. Among musicia7is, one who reads music
readily at first sight. Busby.
SIG'IL, 71. [L. sigillum.] A seal ; signature. Dryden.
t SI-GIL'LA-TlVE, a. [Fr. sigillatif ; L.. sigillum .] Fit to
seal ; belonging to a seal ; composed of wax. Cotgrave
SIG-MOID'AL, a. [Gr. ciyixa and faSos.] Curved like the
Greek s, sigma. Bigeloio.
SIGN, (sine) 7i. [Fr. sig7ie ; It. segno ; Sp. sena ; L. sig
num ; Sax. segen.] 1. A token ; something by which
another thing is shown or represented. 2. A motion, ac-
tion, nod or gesture indicating a wish or command. 3. A
wonder; a miracle ; a prodigy; a remarkable transaction,
event or phenomenon. 4. Some visible transaction, event
or appearance intended as proof or evidence of something
else; hence, proof; evidence by sight. 5. Something
hung or set near a house or over a door, to give notice of
the tenant's occupation, or what is made or sold within.
6. A memorial or monument ; something to preserve the
memory of a thing. 7. Visible mark or representation.
8. A mark of distinction. 9. Typical representation —
10. In astronomy, the twelfth part of the ecliptic. — 11. In
algebra, a character indicating the relation of quantities,
or an operation performed by them. 12. The subscription
of one's name; signature. — 13. Among 2'%'S*cia«-s, an ap-
pearance or symptom in the human body, which indicates
its condition.— 14. In 7nusic, any character, as a flat,
sharp, dot, &c.
SiGN, (sine) v. t. 1. To mark with characters or one's
♦ See Synopsis. PIOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tki£. f Obsolete
SIL
756
SIL
name. 2. To signify ; to represent typically j [ohs.] 3.
To mark.
f Sign, «. i. To be a sign or omen. Shak.
SIG'NAL, n. [Fr. signal ; Sp. serial.] A sign that gives or
is intended to give notice ; or the notice given.
SIG'NAL, a. Eminent ; remarkable ; memorable ; distin-
guished from what is ordinary.
t SIG-NAL'I-TY, «. duality of being signal or remarkable.
SIG'NAL-iZE, V. t. To make remarkable or eminent ; to
render distinguished from what is common.
SIG'NAL-lZED, pp. Made eminent.
SIG'NAL-iZ-ING, ppr. Making remarkable.
fcilG'NAL-LY, adv. Eminently ; remarkably 5 memorably ;
in a distinguished manner.
t SIG-Na'TION, 71. Sign given; act of betokening.
SIG'NA-TO-RY, a. Relating to a seal ; used in sealing.
SIG'NA-TURE, n. [Fr.] 1. A sign, stamp or mark im-
pressed.— 2. In old medical writers, an external mark or
character on a plant. 3. A mark for proof, or proof from
marks. 4. Sign manual ; the name of a person written or
subscribed by himself.— 5. Among printers, a letter or fig-
ure at the bottom of the first page of a sheet or half sheet,
by which the sheets are distinguished and their order
designated, as a direction to the binder.— 6. In physiogno-
my, an external mark or feature.
t SIG'NA-TURE, v. t. To mark ; to distinguish.
SIG'NA-TU-RIST, n. One who holds to the doctrine of sig-
natures impressed upon objects. [Little used.']
SlGN'ER, (si'ner) n. One that signs or subscribes his name.
SIG'NET, 71. A seal ; m Qreat Britain, the seal used by
the king in sealing his private letters and grants.
SIG-N1F'I-€ANCE, ) n. [L.' significans.] 1. Meaning;
SIG-NIF'I-€AN-CY, f, import ; that which is intended
to be expressed. 2. Force ; energy ; power of impress-
ing the mind. 3. Importance ; moment ; weight ; conse-
quence.
SIG-NIF'I-eANT, a. [L. significans.] 1. Expressive of
something beyond the external mark. 2. Bearing a mean-
ing ; expressing or containing signification or sense. 3.
Betokening something ; standing as a sign of something.
4. Expressive or representative of some fact or event. 5.
Important ; momentous ; [obs.]
SIG-NIF'I-€ANT-LY, adv. 1. With meaning. 2. With
force of expression. South.
PIG-NI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. significatio.] 1. The
act of making known, or of communicating ideas to an-
other by signs or by words, by any thing that is under-
stood, particularly by words. 2. Meaning; that which
is understood to be intended by a sign, character, mark
or word.
SIG-NIF'I-CA-TlVE, a. [Fr. significatif.] 1, Betoken-
ing or representing by an external sign. 2. Having sig-
nification or meaning ; expressive of a certain idea or
thing.
SIG-NIF'I-€A-TiVE-LY, adv. So as to represent or ex-
press by an external sign. Usher.
SIG-NI-FI-€a'TOR, n. That which signifies. Burton.
SIG-NIF'I-€A-TO-RY, 71. That which betokens or signi-
fies.
SIG'NI-F^, 7;. t. [Fr. signifier ; Ii. significo.] 1. To make
known something, either by signs or words. 2. To
mean ; to have or contain a certain sense. 3. To import ;
to weigh; to have consequence. 4. To make known;
to declare.
SIG'NI-FY, v. i. To express meaning with force. [Little
used.'] Swift.
SiGN'IOR, (seen'yur) n. A title of respect among the Ital-
ians. SeeSEiGNOR.
SiGN'IOR-iZE, (seen'yiir-ize) v. i. To exercise dominion ;
or to have dominion. [Little iised.]
S'lGN'IOS-Y, (seen'yur y) 71. A different, but less common
spelling of sei^nioT-j/, which see.
SiGN'-PoST, n. [sign and post.] A post on which a sign
hangs, or on which papers are placed to give public notice
of any thing.
t iiKE I '^- ^^^^- ^P^^^^'
SIKE, 71. [Sax. sic, sicb.] A small stream or rill ; one which
is usually dry in summer.
fSIK'ER. a. or adv. Sure; surely. See Sicker.
j SIK'ER-NESS, n. Sureness; safety. Chaucer.
SILE, V. t. [Su. Goth, sila.] To strain, as fresh milk from the
cow.
Si'IjENGE, 71. [Fr.; L. silentium ; It. silenzio ; Sp. silencio.]
1. In a general sense, stillness, or entire absence of sound
or noise?— 2. In animals, the state of holding the peace ;
forbearance of speech in man, or of noise in other animals.
3. Habitual tacitui-nity. 4. Secrecy. 5. Stillness ; calm-
ness ; quiet ; cessation of rage, agitation or tumult. 6.
Absence of mention ; oblivion. — 7. Silence is used el-
liptically for let there be silence, an injunction to keep si-
Sl'LENCE, V. t. 1. To oblige to hold the peace ; to restrain
Irom noise or speaking. 2. To still ; to quiet ; to re-
strain ; to appease. 3. To stop. 4. To still ; to cause to
cease firing. 5. To restrain from preaching by revoking
a license to preach. U. States. 6. To put an end to; to
cause to cease.
Si'LENT, a. 1. Not speakiiig ; mute. 2. Habitually taci-
turn ; speaking little ; not inclined to much talking ; not
loquacious. 3. Still ; having no noise. 4. Not opera
live ; wanting efficacy. 5. Not mentioning ; not pro-
claiming. 6. Calm. 7. Net acting; not transacting
business in person. 8. Not pronounced ; having no
sound.
SI-LEN'TIA-RY, n. One appointed to keep silence and or-
der in court ; one sworn not to divulge secrets of state.
Si'LENT-LY, adv. 1. Without speech or words. 2. With-
out noise. 3. Without mention.
Si'LENT-NESS, n. State of being silent ; stillness.
SI-Le'SIA, (si-le'zha) n. A country belonging to Prussia ;
hence, a species of linen cloth so called ; thin, coarse
linen.
SI-Le'SIAN, (si-le'zhan) a. Pertaining to Silesia.
Si'LEX, ) n. One of the supposed primitive earths, usu-
SIL'I-€A, ) ally found in the state of stone.
SIL'iCE, SIL'I-€ULE, or SIL'I-CLE, n. [L. silicula.] In
botany, a little pod or bivalvular pericarp, with seeds at-
tached to both sutures.
SI-LIC-I-eAL-€A'RI-OUS, a. [silex and calcarious.] Con-
sisting of silex and calcarious matter.
SI-LIC-I-€AL'CE, 71. [L. silex or silica and calx.] A miR-
eral of the silicious kind. Cleaveland.
SIL-I-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. silex and fero.] Producing si-
lex ; or united with a portion of silex.
SIL'I-CI-FY, 7?. t. [L. silex and f ado.] To convert into si •
lex. Say.
SIL'I-CI-F-?, v. i. To become silex.
SIL-IC-I-Mu'RITE, n. [silex and muria.] An earth com-
posed of silex and magnesia.
SI-Li"CIOUS, a. Pertaining to silex, or partaking of its na
ture and qualities.
SI-LIC'I-TED, a. Impregnated with silex. Kirwan.
SI-LIC'I-UM, n. The undecomposed and perhaps unde-
composable base of silex or silica.
SI-LI€'U-LOUS, a. Having silicles or little pods.
SI-Ll6'I-NOSE, a. [L. siliginosus.] Made of fine wheai.
t SIL'ING-DISH, 71. [Dan. siler.] A colander.
SIL'I-QUA, 71. [L.] With gold-finers, a carat, six of which
make a scruple. Johnson.
SIL'1-Q.UA, ) n. [L. siliqua.] A pod ; an oblong, membra-
SIL'IQ,UE, \ naceous, bivalvular pericarp.
SIL'I-Q,UOSE, ) a. [L. slliquosus.] Having that species of
SIL'1-Q.UOUS, \ pericarp called silique. Martyn.
SILK, 71. [Sax. seoZc; Bw . silke ; Ban silke.] 1. The fine,
soft thread produced by the insect called silk-worm, or
bombyx. 2. Cloth made of silk. 3. The filiform style of
the female flower of maize, which resembles real silk in
fineness and softness. — Virginia silk, a plant of the genus
pcriploca.
SILK, a. Pertaining to silk ; consisting of silk.
SILK-eOT'TON-TREE, 71.. A tree of the genus bombax
SILK'EN, (silk'n) a. [Sax. seolcen.] 1. Made of silk. 2.
Like silk; soft to the touch. 3. Soft; delicate ; tender ;
smooth. 4. Dressed in silk.
SILK'EN, (silk'n) v. t. To render soft or smooth.
SILK'I-NESS, 71. 1. The qualities of silk ; softness and
smoothness to the feel. 2. Softness; effeminacy; pusil
lanimity ; [little used.]
SILK'MAN, n. [silk and man.] A dealer in silks. Shak.
SILK'-MER-CER, n. A dealer in silks.
SILK'WeAV-EE, n. [silk and. weaver.] One whose occu
pation is to weave silk stuffs. Watts.
SILK'-WoRM, 71. The worm which produces silk.
SILK'Y, a. I. Made of silk ; consisting of silk. 2. LiKe
silk ; soft and smooth to the touch. 3. Pliant ; yielding
SILL, n. [Sax. syl, syle, syll ; Fr. seuil.] 1. The basis or
foundation of a thing ; a piece of timber on which a build-
ing rests. 2. The timber or stone at the foot of a door ;
the threshdd. 3. The timber or stone on which a win-
dow-frame stands ; or the lowest piece in a window-
frame. 4. The shaft or thill of a carriage ; [local.]
Ghrose.
SIL'LA-BUB, n. A liquor made by mixing wine or cider
with mUk, and thus forming a soft curd. King.
SIL'LI-LY, adv. In a silly manner ; foolishly ; without the
exercise of good sense or judgment.
SIL'LI-MAN-ITE, 71. A mineral found at Saybrook in Con-
necticut, so named in honor of Prof. Silliman.
SIL'LI-NESS, n. Weakness of understanding ; want of
sound sense or judgment ; simplicity ; harmless folly.
SIL'LY, a. 1. Weak in intellect; foolish; witless; desti-
tute of ordinary strength of mind ; simple 2. Proceed •
ing from want of understanding or common judgment ,
characterized by weakness or folly ; unwise 3. Weak ;
helpless ; [obs.]
t SIL'LY-HOW, n. The membrane that covers the head
of the fetus. Brown
■See Syn-rpsis. A.. E, I, O, U, Y, long.—FkR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRfY ;— PIN, MAR,1NE, BtRD;— ^Obsolete.
SIM
757
sm
SILT, m. Saltness, or salt-marsh or mad.
SI-Lu'RUS, I n. The sheat-fish ; also, a name of the stur-
SI-LtJRE', \ geon. Diet. JTat. Hist.
SIL'VAN, a. [L. silva. It is also written sj/^?ja7i.] 1. Per-
taining to a wood or grove ; inhabiting woods. 2. Woody ;
abounding with woods.
SIL'VAN, n. Another name of tellurium. Werner.
StL'VER, n. [Sax. seolfer, siluer ; Goth, silubr ; G. silber ;
D. zilver ; Sw. silfoer.] 1. A metal of a white color and
lively brilliancy. 2. Money ; coin made of silver. 3.
Any thing of soft splendor. Pope.
SIL'VER, a. 1. Made of silver. 2. White like silver.
3. White, or pale ; of a pale lustre. 4. Soft ; as, a silver
voice.
SIL'VER, V. t. 1 To cover superficially with a coat of sil-
ver. 2. To foliate ; to cover with tinfoil amalgamated
with quicksilver. 3. To adorn with mild lustre ; to make
smooth and bright. 4. To make hoary.
SIL'VER-BeAT-ER, 71. {silver and beater.] One that foli-
ates silver, or forms it into a leaf.
SIL' VER-BUSH, n. A plant, a species of anthyllis.
SIL'VEREDJ pp. Covered with a thin coat of silver ; ren-
dered smooth and lustrous ; made white or hoary.
SIL'VER-FiR, 71. A species of fir. Berkeley.
SIL'VER-FISH, n. A fish of the size of a small carp.
SIL'VER-ING, ppr. Covering the surface with a thin coat
of silver ; foliating ; rendering mildly lustrous.
SIL'VER-ING, n. The art, operation or practice of covering
the surface of any thing with silver.
SIL'VER-LING, 7i. A silver coin. Is. vii.
SIL'VER-LY, ady. With the appearance of silver. Shak.
SIL'VER-SMITH, n. [silver and smith.] One whose occu-
pation is CO work in silver.
SIL'VER-THIS-TLE, n. [silver and thistle.] A plant.
SIL'VER-TREE, n. A plant of the geims protea.
SIL'VER- WEED, n. A plant of the genus potentilla.
SIL'VER-Y. a. 1. Like silver ; having the appearance of
silver ; wnite ; of a mild lustre. 2. Besprinkled or cover-
ed with silver.
{•SIM'A-GRE, 71. [Fr. simagree.] Grimace. Dryden.
t SI-MAR', > 71. [Fr. simarre.] A woman's robe. Dry-
t SI-MaRE', \ den.
SIM'I-LAR, a. [Fr. similaire ; It. simile ; Sp. similar ; L.
similis.] Like 3 resembling j having a like form or appear-
ance.
SIM-I-LAR'I-TY, n. Likeness ; resemblance.
SIM'I-LAR-LY, adv. In like manner ; with resemblance.
t SIM'I-LAR-Y. The same as similar.
SIM'I-LE, n. [L.] In rhetoric, similitude ; a comparison of
two things which, however difierent in other respects,
have some strong point or points of resemblance.
SI-MIL'I-TUDE, 71. [Fr.; L. similitudo.] 1. Likeness ; re-
semblance ; likeness in nature, qualities or appearance.
2. Comparison ; simile. Dryden.
SI-MIL-I-Tu'DI-NA-RY, a. Denoting resemblance.
SIM'I-LOR, 71. A name given to an alloy of red copper and
zink, made to imitate silver and gold.
SIM'I-TAR. See Ci meter.
SIM'MER, v. i. To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing.
SIM'MER-ING, ppr. Boiling gently.
SIM'NEL,72. [Dan. simle ; Sw. simla; G. semmel.] A kind
of sweet cake ; a bun.
SI-Mo'NI-A€, 71. [Fr. simoniaque.] One who buys or sells
preferment in the church. Ayliffe.
SlM-0-Nl'A-€AL, a. 1. Guilty of simony. 2. Consisting
in simony, or the crime of buying or selling ecclesiasticaj
preferment.
SIM-0-Nl'A-€AL-LY, adv. With the guilt or offense of
simony.
SI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Partaking of simony ; given to simony.
SIM'O-NY, 71. [itom Simon Magus.] The crime of buying
or selling ecclesiastical preferment.
SI-MOOM', n. A hot, suffocating wind, that blows occa-
sionally in Africa and Arabia.
ST'MOUS, a. [L. simo.] 1. Having a very flat or snub
nose, with the end turned up. 2. Concave. Brown.
SIM'PER, ?;. i. To smile in a silly manner. Shak.
SIM'PER, 7!. A smile with an air of silliness. Addison.
SIM'PER-ING, ppr. Smiling foolishly.
SIM'PER-ING, 71. The act of smiling with an air of silli-
ness.
SIM'PER-ING-LY, adv. With a silly smile.
SIM'PLE, a. [Fr. ; L. simplex.] 1. Single ; consisting of
one thing ; uncompounded ; unmingled ; uncombined
with any thing else. 2. Plain ; artless ; not given to de-
sign, stratagem or duplicity ; undesigning ; sincere ; harm-
le-3s. 3. Artless ; unaffected ; unconstrained ; inartifi-
cial ; plain. 4. Unadorned ; plain. 5. Not complex or
complicated. 6. Weak in intellect ; not wise or saga-
cious ; silly. — 7. In botany, undivided, as a root, stem or
spike ; only one on a petiole. — A simple body, in chemis-
try, is one that has not been decomposed, or separated
into two or more bodies.
SIMPLE 71 Something not mixed or compounded.
SIM'PLE, «. J. To gather simples or plants. OaHh.
SIM'PLE-MlND-ED, a. Artless ; undesigning.
SIM'PLE-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being simple,
single or uncompounded. 2. Artlessness ; simplicity. 3.
Weakness of intellect.
SIM'PLER, 71. One that collects simples 5 an herbalist : a
simplist.
f SIM'PLESS, for simplicity, or silliness. Spenser.
SIM'PLE-TON, 71. A silly person ; a person of weak Intel
lect; atrifler; a foolish person. Pope.
t SIM-PLl"CIAN, 71. An artless or undesigning person.
SIM-PLIC'I-TY, 71. [L. simplicitas ; Fr. simplicite.] 1
Singleness ; the state of being unmixed or uncompound-
ed. 2. The state of being not complex, or of consisting
of few parts. 3. Artlessness of mind ; freedom from a
propensity to cunning or stratagem ; freedom from du-
plicity ; sincerity. 4. Plainness ; freedom from artificial
ornament. 5. Plainness ; freedom from subtilty or ab-
struseness. 6. Weakness of intellect ; silliness. Hooker.
SIM-PLIF-I-€a'TION, n. The act of making simple ; the
act of reducing to simplicity, or to a state not complex.
SIM'PLI-FlED, pp. Made simple or not complex.
SIM'PLI-FY, v. t. [L. simplex and facio ; Fr. simplifier.]
To make simple ; to reduce what is complex to greater
simplicity ; to make plain or easy. Barrow.
SIM'PLI-Fy-ING, ppr. Making simple.
SIM'PLIST, 71. One skilled in simples or medical plants.
SIM'PxjOCE. See Symploce.
SIM'PLY, adv. 1. Without art ; without subtilty ; artlessly ,
plainly. 2. Of itself ; without addition ; alone. 3. Mere
ly ; solely. 4. Weakly ; foolishly.
SIM'U-LA-CHRE, n. [L. simulacrum.] An image.
jSIM'U-LAR, 71. [See Simulate.] One who simulates or
counterfeits something. Shak.
SIM'U-LATE, V. t. [L. simulo.] To feign ; to counterfeit ;
to assume the mere appearance of something, without the
reality.
SIM'U-LATE, a. [L. simulatus.] Feigned ; pretended.
SIM'U-LA-TED, pp. or a. Feigned ; pretended ; assumed
artificially. Chesterfield.
SIM'U-LA-TING, ppr. Feign-in g ; pretending; assummg
the appearance of what is not real.
SIM-U-La'TION, 71. [Fx.;l,. simulatio.] The act of feign-
ing to be that which is not ; the assumption of a deceitful
appearance or character.
SI-MUL-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [Fr. simultanee ; Sp. simnltaneo.]
Existing or happening at the same time.
SI-MUL-TA'NE-OUS-LY, adv. At the same time.
SI-MUL-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, 71. The state or quality of be-
ing or happening at the same time.
t SIM'UL-1 Y, 71. [L. simultas.] Private grudge or quar-
rel.
SIN, n. [Sax. sin, or syn ; G. sunde ,• D. zonde ; Sw., Dan.
synd.] 1. The voluntary departure of a moral agent from
a known rule of rectitude or duty, prescribed by God ;
any voluntary transgression of the divine law or viola-
tion of a divine command ; a wicked act ; iniquity. 2. A
sin-offering ; an offering made to atone for sin. 2 Cor. v.
3. A man enormously wicked ; [obs.] Shak.
SIN, V. i. [Sax. singian, syngian.] 1. To depart volun-
tarily from the path of duty prescribed by God toman;
to violate any known rule of duty. 2. To offend against
right, against men or society ; to trespass.
SIN, for ^?ice, [Scot, syne.] Obsolete, or vulgar.
SIN'A-PISM, 7?. VL. sinapis, sinape.] In pharmacy, B-CSXa.-
plasm composed of mustard-seed pulverized, with some
other ingredients.
SINCE, prep, or adv. [Sw. sedan ; Dan. siden ; D. sint ;
supposed to be contracted from Sax. siththan. Our early
writers used sith, sithen, sithence.] I. After; from the
time that. 2. Ago ; past ; before this. 3. Because that ;
this being the fact that. — Since, when it precedes a noun,
is called a preposition, but when it precedes a sentence, it
is called an adverb.
SIN-CeRE', a. [Fr.; L. smcerws.] 1. Pure; unmixed. 2.
Unhurt ; uninjured ; [obs.] 3. Being in reality what it
appears to be ; not feigned ; not simulated ; not assum
ed or said for the sake of appearance ; real ; not hypocrit-
ical.
SIN-CeRE'LY, adv. Honestly ; with real purity of heart ,
without simulation or disguise ; unfeignedly.
SIN-CeRE'NESS, 71. Sincerity.
SIN-CER'I-TY, n. [Fr. sincerite; 1,. sine er Has.] 1. Hon
esty of mind or intention ; freedom from simulation or
hypocrisy. 2. Freedom from hypocrisy, disguise or false
pretense.
SIN'CI-PUT, n. [L.] The fore part of the head from the
forehead to the coronal suture Encyc.
t SIN'DON, n. [L. fine linen.] A wrapper. Bacon.
SINE, 71. [L. sinus.] In geometry, the right sine of an arch
or arc, is a line drawn from one end of that arch, perpen-
dicular to the radius drawn through the other end, and is
always equal to half the chord of double the arch.
Sl'NE-€URE, 71. [L. sine and cura.] An office which baa
* See Synopsis' MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tto + Obsolete
SIN
758
STP
revenue without employment j in chtirck affairs, a bene-
fice without cure of souls.
Si'NE Dl'E, [L. without day.] An adjournment sine die is
an adjournment without fixing the time of resuming busi-
ness.
SIN'E-PITE, n. [L. sinape, mustard.] Something resem-
bling mustard-seed. De Costa.
SIN'EW, n. [Sax. siiiu, sinw, siiiwe ; G sehne.] 1. in anat-
omy, a tendon ; that which unites a muscle to a bone. —
2. In the plural, strength ; or rather that which supplies
strength. 3. Muscle ; nerve.
SIN'EW, V. t. To knit as by sinews. Shak.
SIN'EWED, a. 1. Furnished with smews. 2. Strong ;
firm ; vigorous. Shak.
Sm EW-LESS, a. Having no strength or vigor.
SIN'EW-SHRUNK, a. Gaunt-bellied ; having the sinews
under the bellv shrunk by excess of fatigue.
SIN'EW-Y, a. 'l. Consisting of a sinew or nerve. 2.
Nervous ; strong : well braced with sinews ; vigorous ;
firm.
SIN'FUL, a. [from sin.} 1. Tainted with sin ; wicked ;
iniquitous ; criminal ; unholy. 1 Containing sin, or con-
sisting in sin ; contrary to the laws of God.
SIN'FULr-LY adv. In a manner which the laws of God do
not permit; wickedlv ; iniquitously : criminally.
SIN'FUL-NESS, n. l. The quality of being sinful or con-
trary' to the divine will 5 wickedness ; iniquity ; crimi-
nality. 2. Wickedness; corruption; depravity.
SING, V. i.: pret. sung, sang ; pp. sung. [Sax. singan, syn-
gan ; G. singen; D. zingeit ; Sw. siunga ; Dan. synger.']
1. To utter sounds with various inflections or melodious
, modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according
to the notes of a song or tune'. 2. To utter sweet or me-
lodious sounds, as birds. 3. To make a small, shrill
sound. 4. To tell or relate something in numbers or
verse.
SING, v.t. 1. To utter with musical modulations of voice.
2. To celebrate in song ; to give praises to in verse, 3.
To relate or rehearse in numbers, verse or poetry.
SIN(jE, (sinj) V. i. [Sax. smngan ; G. sengcn ; D. zen-
gen.] To bum slightly or superficially ; to burn the
surface of a thing, as the nap of cloth, or the hair of the
skin.
SINGE, 71. A burning of the surface ; a slight burn.
SINGED, pp. Burnt superficially.
SINGE'ING, ppr. Burning the surface.
BTNG'EE.,??. [fromsm^.] I. One that sings. 2. One vers-
ed in music, or one whose occupation is to sing. 3. A
bird that sings.
SING'ING, ppr. Uttering melodious or musical notes ;
making a shrill sound ; celebrating in song ; reciting in
verse.
SING'ING, n. The act of uttering sounds with musical in-
flections ; musical articulation; the utterance of melodi-
ous notes.
SING'ING-BOOK, 71. A music-book, as it ought to be call-
ed ; a oook containing tunes.
SING'ING-LY, adv. With sounds like singing.
SING'ING-MAN, ?z. [singing- and man.] A man who sings,
or is employed to sing ; as in cathedrals.
SING'ING-MaS-TER, n. A music-master ; one that teaches
vocal music. Addison.
SING'ING-WOM-AN, n. A woman employed to sing.
SIN'GLE, a. [L. singulus.] 1. Separate : one ; only ; in-
dividual ; consistingof orfe. only. 2. Particular; individ-
ual. 3. Uncoihpounded, 4. Alone ; having no compan-
ion or assistant. 5. Unmarried. 6. Not double ; not
complicated. 7. Performed with one person or antago-
nist on a side, or with one person only opposed to another.
8. Pure ; simple ; incorrupt ; unbiased ; having clear
vision of divine truth. J\Iatt. vi. 9. Small ; weak ;
silly ; [obs.] — 10. Inbotany, a single flower is when there
is only one on a stem, and, in common 7tsage, one not
double.
SIN'GLE, v.t. ]. To select, as an individual person or
thing from among a number ; to choose one from others.
2. To sequester ; lo withdraw ; to retire ; [obs.] 3. To
take alone ; [obs.] 4. To separate.
SIN'GLED, pp. Selected from among a number.
SIN'GLE-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being one only or sepa-
rate from all others ; the opposite of doubleness, complica-
tion or muLiplicity. 2. Simplicity ; sincerity ; purity of
mind or purpose ; freedom from duplicity.
SIN'GLE-STICK, n. A cudgel. TV. of Eng. and Scotland.
SIN'GLIN n A single gleaning ; a handful of gleaned
corn.
SIN'GLY, adn 1. Individually ; particularly. 2. Only by
himself.' 3. WiL'iout partners or companions. 4. Honest-
ly ; sincerely.
SING'SONG, n. A contemptuous expression for bad sing-
ing.
SIN'GU-LAR, a. [Fr. singulier ; L. sivgularis.] 1. Single ;
not complex or compound. — ^2. In grammar, expressing
one person or thing ; as ihesingtdar number. 3. Particu-
lar; existing by itself; unexampled. 4. Remarkable |
eminent ; unusual ; rare. 5. Not common ; odd ; imply-
ing something censurable or not approved. 6. Being
alone ; that of which there is but one.
SIN'GU-LAR, 7i. A particular instance. [Units-ual.]
t SIN'Gb'-LAR-IST, n. One who affects singularity.
SIN-GU-LAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. singularite.J I. Peculiarity ;
some character or quality of a thing bj which it is dis-
tinguished from all, or from most others. 2. An uncom-
mon character or form ; somethmg curious or remarkable
3. Particular privilege, prerogative or distinction. 4
Character or trait of character different from that of 0th
ers ; peculiarity. 5. Oddity. 6. Celibacy ; [obs.] J. Tay
lor.
fSIN'GU-LAR-TZE, v. t. To make single.
SIN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. 1 . Peculiarly ; in a manner or de-
gree not common to otliers. 2. Oddly ; strangely. 3
So as to express one or the singular number.
fSIN'GULT. n. [L. singultus.] A sigh.
SIN'I-€AL. a. [from sine.] Pertaining to a sine.
SIN'IS-TER, a. [L.] 1. Left ; on the left hand, or the side
of the left hand. 2. Evil; bad; corrupt; perverse; dis-
honest. 3. Unlucky ; inauspicious.
t SIN'IS-TER-HAND-ED, a. Left-handed.
SIN'IS-TER-LY, adv. Absurdly ; perversely ; unfairly.
SIN-IS-TRORSAL,a. [sinister, and Gr.opcw.] Rising from
left to right, as a spiral line or helix. Henry.
SIN'IS-TROUS, a. 1. Being on the left side ; inclined to
the left. Brown. 2. Wrong; absurd; perverse.
SIN'IS-TROUS-LY, adv. 1. Perversely ; wrongly. 2. With
a tendency to use the left as the stronger hand.
SINK, V. i.; pret. sunk ; pp. sunk. The old pret. sank is near-
ly obsolete. [Sax. sencan, sincan; Goth, sigcwan j G.
sinken ; D. zinken.] 1. To fall by the force of greater grav-
ity, in a medium or substance of less specific gravity ; to
subside. 2. To fall gradually. 3. To enter or penetrate
into any body. 4. To fall ; to become lower ; to subside
or settle to a level. 5. To be overwhelmed or depressed.
6. To enter deeply ; to be impressed. 7. To become
deep ; to retire or fall within the surface of any thing
8. To fall ; to decline ; to decay ; to decrease. 9. To fall
into rest or indolence. 10. To be lower ; to fall.
SINK, V. t. 1. To put under water; to immerse in a fluid.
2. To make by digging or delving. 3. To depress ; to de-
grade. 4. To plunge into destruction. 5. To cause to
fall or to be plunged. 6. To bring low ; to reduce in
quantity. 7. To depress ; to overbear ; to crush. 8. To
diminish ; to lower or lessen ; to degrade. 9. To cause to
decline or fa:!. 10. To suppress ; to conceal ; to inter-
vert ; [unusual.] 11, To depress; to lower in value or
amount. 12. To reduce ; to pay ; to diminish or annihilate
by payment. 13. To waste ; to dissipate.
SINK, 7(. [Sax. sine] I. A drain to carry off filthy water,
a jakes. 2. A kind of basin of stone or wood to receive
filthy water.
SINK'ING, ppr. or a. Falling ; subsiding ; depressing ; declin-
ing. — Sinking fund, in finance, a fund created for sinking
or paying a public debt.
SINLESS, a. [from sin.] I. Free from sin ; pure ; perfect.
2. Free from sin ; innocent.
SIN'LESS-NESS, 77. Freedom from sin and guilt. Boyle.
SIN'NER, 71. 1. One that has voluntarily violated the divine
law ; a moral agent who has voluntarily disobeyed any
divine precept, or neglected any known duty. 2. It is
used in contradistinction to saint, to denote an unregen-
erate person. 3. An offender ; a criminal.
SIN'NER, V. i. To act as a sinner ; in ludicroiis lanrruacre.
SIN'-OF-FER-ING, n. A sacrifice for sin ; something of
fered as an expiation for sin. Ex. xxix.
SIN'0-PER, )n. [L. sinopis ; Gr. civ mi: ig.] Red ferrugin
SIN'O-PLE, ) ous quartz.
SIN'TER, n. In mjneralogy, calcarious sinter is a variety
of carbonate of lime.
SIN'U-ATE, v. t. [L. sinuo.] To wind ; to turn ; to bend
in and out. Woodward.
SIN'U-ATE, a. In botany, a sinuate leaf is one that has
large curved breaks in the margin, resembling bays.
SIN-U-A'TION, 7!. A winding or bending in and out.
SIN-U-OS'I-TY, V. [L. sinuosus.] The quality of bending
or curving in and out ; or a series of bends and turns in
arches or other irregular figures.
SIN'U-OUS, a. [Fr. sinueux, from L. sinus.] Winding :
_crooked ; bending in and out. Milton.
Si'NUS, n. [L.] 1. A bay of the sea ; a recesi* in the shore
or an opening into the land. — 9. In anatomy, a cavity in a
bone or other part, wider at the bottom than at the en-
trance. — 3. In surgery, a little cavity or sack in which
pus is collected ; an abscess with only a small orifice. 4.
An opening ; a hollow.
SIP, V. t. [Sax. sipan ; D. sippen.] 1. To take a fluid into
the mouth in small quantities by the lips. 2. To drink or
imbibe in small quantities. 3. To draw into the mouth ,
to extract. 4. To drink out of.
Sei SyncTsis A E t, O t!,V, long.-^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete
SIT
SIP, V. L To drink a small quantity j to take a fluid with
the lips. Dryden.
SIP, n. The taking of a liquor with the lips ; or a small
draught taken with the lips. Milton.
SIPE, V. i. To ooze ; to issue slowly. [Local.] Orose.
SIPH'I-LIS, n. [Gr. (XKpXos.] The venereal disease.
SIPH-I-LIT'ie, a. Pertaining to the venereal disease, or
partaking of its nature.
SI'PHON, 71. {L. sipho ; It. sifone ; Fr. sipJion.] 1. A bent
pipe or tube whose legs are of unequal length, used for
drawing liquor out of a vessel by causing it to rise over
the rim or top. 2. The pipe by which the chambers of a
sliell communicate.
SI-PHUN'eU-LA-TED, a. [L..sip}imiculus.] Having a little
siphon or spout, as a valve. Satj.
(SITING, 71. The act of oozing. Granger.
SIPPED, 7j;7. Drawn in with the lips.
SIPTER, n. One that sips.
t SIP PET, 71. A small sop. JUiltoii.
SI aUIS. [L. if any one.] These words give name to a no-
tification by a candidate for orders of his intention to in-
quire whether any impediment may be alledged against
him.
SiR, 71. [Fr. sire, and sieur, in monsieur ; Norm, sire, lord ;
Corn, sira.] 1. A word of respect used in addresses to
men, as madam is in addresses to women, 2. The title
of a knight or baronet. 3. It is used by Shakspeare for
man; [obs.] 4. In some .i in ericayi colleges, the title of a.
master of arts. 5. It is prefixed to loin, in sirloin j as, a
sirloin of beef. 6. Formerly, the title of a priest.
SIRE, 71. ]. A father; used in poetry. 2. The male parent
of a beast ; particularly used of horses. 3. It is used in
composition.
SIRE, V. t. To beget ; to procreate ; used of beasts. ShaJc.
SlB.ED,pp. Begotten.
'SIPc'EN, or Si'REN, n. [L. ; Fr. sirene ; It. sirena.] 1. A
mermaid. — In ancient mythology, a goddess who enticed
men into her power by the charms of music, and devom-ed
them. Hence, in modern use, an enticing woman. 2. A
species of lizard in Carolina.
*SiR'EN, or SI'REN, a. Pertaining to a siren, or to the
dangerous enticements of music ; bewitching ; faschiat-
ing.
SIR'EN-iZE, V. i. To practice the allurements of a siren.
SI-RI'A-SIS, 71. [Gr. aioiaaii.] An inflammation of the
bram, proceeding from the excessive heat of the sun ;
phrensy almost peculiar to children.
SIR'I-US, 71. [L.] The large and bright star called the dog-
star, in the mouth of the constellation canis major.
SiR'LOIN, n. A particular piece of beef so called. See
Sir.
SiR'NAME is more correctly written surname.
Si'RO, 71. A mite. Encyc.
SI-RO€'CO, n. [It. ; Sp. siroco, or xaloque.] A pernicious
wind that blows from the south-east in Italy, called the
Syrian wind.
SIR'OP. The same as sirup.
*SIR'RAH, 71. A word of reproach and contempt ; used in
addressing vile characters. SliaJc.
SiRT, n. [L. syrtis.] A quicksand.
*SiR'UP, (sur'up) n. [Oriental.] Thesweet juice of vegeta-
bles or fruits, or other juice sv/eetened ; or sugar boiled
with vegetable infusions.
* SiR'UPED, a. Moistened or tinged with sirup or sweet
juice. Drayton.
* SiR'UP-Y, a. Like sirup, or partaking of its qualities.
tSISE, for assize.
SIS'IHN, 71. A bird, the green-finch ; another name of the
aberdavine.
SISS, v.i. [D. sissen.'] To hiss. [.^ word in popular %cse in
J\''ew England.]
SIS'TER, n. [Sax. sweostcr ; D. zuster ; G. schiccster ; Sw.
t^yster ; Dan. soster.] 1. A female born of the same pa-
rents. 2. A woman of the same faith ; a female fellow-
Christian. 3. A female of the same kind. 4. One of the
same kind, or of the same condition. 5. A female of the
same society ; as the nuns of a convent.
SIS'TER, V. i. To resemble closely. [Little used.] Shale.
SIS'TER, V. i. To be akin ; to be near to. [L. u.] Shak.
SIS'TER-HOOD, 71. [sister mid hood.] I. Sisters collective-
ly, or a society of sisters ; or a society of females united in
one faith or order. 2. The otfice or duty of a sister ; [I. u.]
SIS'TER-IN-LAW, 7J. A husband's or Avife's sister. Ruth.
SIS'TER-LY, a." Like a sister; becoming a sister; affec-
tionate.
SIT, V. i. ; pret, sat ; old pp. sitten. [Goth, sitan ; Sax. sitan,
or sittan ; D. zitten ; G. sitten; Sw. sitta ; Dan. sidder ;
L. sedeo.] 1. To rest upon the buttocks, as animals. 2.
To perch ; to rest on the feet ; as fowls. 3. To occupy a
seat or place in an otRcial capacity. 4. To be in a state
of rest or idleness. 5. To rest, lie or bear on, as a weight
or burden. 6. To settle ; to rest ; to abide. 7. To incu-
bate ; to cover and warm eggs for hatching ; as a fowl.
8. To be adjusted ; to be, with respect to fitness or unfit-
r59
SIZ
ness. 9. To be placed in order to be painted. IQ. To be
in any situation or condition. 11. To hold a session; to
be officially engaged in public business ; as judges, legisla-
tors or ofiicei-s of any kind. 12. To exercise authority.
13. To be in any assembly or council as a member ; to
have a seat. 14. To be in a local position ; as, the wind
sits fair ; [unusual.]— To sit dojcn. 1. To place one's self
on a chair or other seat. 2. To begin a siege. 3. To
settle ; to fix a permanent abode. 4. To rest ; to cease aa
satisfied. — To sit out, to be without engagement. [L.u.l
— To sit up. 1. To rise or be raised from a recumbent pos-
ture. 2. Not to go to bed.
SIT, v.t. 1. To keep the seat upon ; as, he sits a horse well
2. To sit me down, to sit him down, to sit them down,
equivalent to I seated myself, <Scc. 3. " The court was
sat,'' an expression oi Addison, is an impropriety.
SITE, n. [L. situs.] 1. Situation ; local position. 2. A seat
or ground-plot. 3. The posture of a thing with respect to
itself.
t SlT'ED, a. Placed ; situated. Spenser.
SIT'FaST, n. A hard knob growing on a horse's back un-
der the saddle. Far. Diet.
fSITH, adv. [Sax. sti/i, slththan.] Since; in later times
Spenser.
t SITHE, 71. Time. Spenser.
SITHE. SeeSyxHE.
fSITH'ENCE, ) adv. [Sax. sithihan.] Since; in later times.
tSITH'ES, I Spenser.
SIT'TER, 71. 1, One that sits. 2. A bird that incubates.
SITTING, ppr. 1. Resting on the buttocks, or on the feet,
as fowls ; incubating; brondinir. — 2. a. In Z'ota?i7/, sessile.
SIT'TING, 71. 1. The posture of" being on a seat. 2. The
act of placing one's self on a seat. 3. The act or time of
resting in a posture for a painter to take the likeness. 4.
A session ; the actual presence or meeting of any body of
men. 5. An uninterrupted application to business or
study for a time ; course of study unintermitted. 6. A
time for which one sits, as at play, at work or on a visit.
7. Incubation; a resting on eggs' for hatching; as fowls
SIT'U-ATE, a. [Fr. situer ; It. situare, situato ; Sp. situar.]
1. Placed, with respect to any other object. 2. Placed ;
consisting.
SIT'U-A-TED, a. Seated, placed or standing with respect
to any other object. 2. Placed or' being in any state or
condition with regard to men or things.
SIT-U-A'TION, 71. [Fr. ; It. situazionc] 1. Position; seat;
location in respect "to something else. 2. State ; condition.
3. Circumstances ; temporary state. 4. Place ; office.
SIV'AN,7t. The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical
year, aiiswering to part of our May and part of June.
SIX, a. [Fr. six ; L. sex ; It. sei ; Sp. sets ; D. zes; G.sechs;
Dan., Sw. sex ,■ Sax. six.] Twice three.
SIX, n. The number of six or twice three. — To be at six and
sevei:, or, as more generally used, at sixes and sevens, is to
he ir._disorder. Swift.
SIX'FoLD, a. [six and fold ; Sax. six and feald.] Six times
repeated ; six double ; six times as much.
SIX'PENCE, n. 1. An English silver coin of the value of six
pennies ; half a shilling. 2. The value of six pennies.
SIX'-PEN-NY, a. Worth sixpence ; as a six-penny loaf.
SIX'-PET-ALED, a. In botany, having six petals.
SIX'SCORE, a. [six and sco7-e.] Six times twenty ; one
hundred and twenty. Sandys.
SIX'TEEN, a. [Sax. sixtenc, sixtyne.] Six and ten ; noting
the sum of six and ten.
SIX'TEENTH, a. [Sax. sixteotha.] The sixth after the tenth ,
the ordinal of sixteen.
SIXTH, a. [Sax.sZxte.] The first after the fifth ; the ordinal
of six.
SIXTH, 7?. 1. The sixth part.— 2. In 7K7isic, ahexachord, an
interval of two kinds.
SIXTH'LY, adv. In the sixth place. Bacon.
SIX'TI-ETH, a. [Sax. sixteogotha.] The ordinal of sixty
SIX'TY, a. [Sax. sixtig.] Ten times six.
SIX'TY, 7!. The number of six times ten.
SiZ'A-BLE, a. 1. Of considerable bulk. Hurd. 2. Being
of reasonable or suitable size ; as, sizable timber.
SIZE, 71. [contracted from assize, or from L. scissus.] 1
Bulk ; bigness ; magnitude ; extent of superficies. 2. A
settled quantity or allowance, [contracted from assize.]
3. Figurative fealk ; condition as to rank and character ;
[little used.]
Size, n. [W. syth; Sp. sisa.] 1. A glutinous substance pre-
pared from different materials ; used in manufactures. 2.
An instrument consisting of thin leaves fastened together
at one end by a rivet.
SIZE, v.t. 1 . To adjust or aiTange according to size or bulk.
2. To settle ; to fix the standard ; [I. u.] 3. To cover
with size ; to prepare with size. 4. To swell ; to in-
crease the bulk of.— 5. Among Cornish miners, to se^tsxate
the finer from the coarser parts of a metal by siftmg
them. -
SIZED, pp. 1. Adjusted according to size; prepared with
size, 2. a. Having a particular magnitude. Shak
- See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— €asK ; GasJ; ."SasZ ; CHas SH; THasiniAw. ^Obsolete
SKI
760
SKI
SliiELjTi. In coining, the -residue of bars of silver, after
pieces are cut out for coins,
SiZ'ER, 71. In the university of Cambridge^ a student of the
rank next below that of a pensioner.
SiZ'I-NESS, n. Glutinousness ; viscousness.
SiZ'Y, a. Glutinous ; thick and viscous ; ropy ; having tlie
adhesiveness of size. Arbuihnot.
fSKAD'DLE, n. [Sax. scatk, sceath.] Hurt ; damage,
f SKAD'PLE, a. Hurtful ; mischievous. Rmj.
fSKAD'DONS, n. The embryos of bees. Bailey.
SKaIN, 71. [Fr. escaigne.] A knot of thread, yarn or silk,
or a number of knots collected.
, SKaINS'MATE, 71. A messmate ; a companion.
SKALD, 71. [qu. Sw. scalla.] An ancient Scandinavian
poet or bard. Better scald.
IkaS'e I '^- ^^^^ ' *^™*^ ' ^^y- ^''°^^'
skate' n. [D. schaats ; It. scattu.] A sort of shoe furnished
with a smooth iron for sliding on ice.
SKATE, V. i. To slide or move on skates.
SKATE, 71. [Sax. sceadda ; L. squatus, squatina.'] A fish of
the ray kind, {raia batis .-) called the variegated ray-fish.
SKaT'ER, 71. One who skates on ice. Johnson.
fSKEAN, 71, [Sax. scegen.] A short sword, or a knife.
SKEED. See Skid.
SKEEL,7i. [G. schale; Eng. shell.] A shallow wooden ves-
sel for holding milk or cream. [Local.] Orose.
SKEER, V. t. To mow lightly over. Jennings.
SKEET, 71. A long scoop used to wet the sides of ships or
the sails. Mar. Diet.
SKEG, 71. A sort of wild plum. Johnson.
SKEG'GER, 71. A little salmon. Walton.
SKEL'E-TON, n. [Fr. squelctte ; It. scheletro ; Sp. esque-
leto.] 1. The bones of an animal body, separated from the
flesh and retained in their natural position or connections.
2. The compages, general structureorframeof any thing.
3. A very thin or lean person.
t SKEL'LUM, 71. [G. schclm.] A scoundrel.
SKEL'LY, V. i. To squint. Brockett.
SKELP, n. [Icel. skelfa.] A blow ; a smart stroke. Broc-
kett.
SKEN, V. i. To squint. Craven dialect.
SKEP, 71. 1. A sort of basket.— 2. In Scotland, the reposito-
ry in which bees lay their honey. Johnson.
SKEP'Tie. See Sceptic.
SKETCH, 71. [D. schets ; G. skizze ; Fr. esquisse ,- Sp. es-
quicio.] An outline or general delineation of any thing ;
a first rough or incomplete draught of a plan or any de-
sign.
SKETCH, V. t. 1. To draw the outline or general figure of
a thing ; to make a rough draught. 2. To plan by giving
the principal points or ideas. Dryden.
SKETCHED, pp. Having the outline drawn.
SKETCHING, ppr. Drawing the outline.
SKEW, adv. [G.schief; Ban. skixv.] Awry; obliquely.
fSKEW, V. <. [Dan. skimver.] 1. To look obliquely upon ;
to notice slightly. 2. To shape or form in art oblique
way.
SKEW, V. i. To walk obliquely. [Local.]
SKEWER, 71. A pin of wood or iron for fastening meat to
a spit, or for keeping it in form while roasting.
SKEWER, v. t. To fasten with skewers.
SKID, 71. 1. A curving timber to preserve a ship's side from
injury by heavy bodies hoisted or lowered against it ; a
slider. 2. A chain used for fastening the wheel of a
wagon.
SKIFF, 71. [Fr. esquif ; It. schifo ; Sp. esquifo ; G. schiff.]
A small, light boat, resembling a yawl. Jilar. Diet.
SKIFF, V. t. To pass over in a light boat.
SKILL, 71. [Sax. scylan ,• Ice., Sw. skilia ; Dan, skiller.] 1.
The familiar knowledge of any art or science, united
with readiness and dexterity in the application to practi-
cal purposes. 2. Any particular art ; [obs.]
t SKILL, V. t. To know ; to understand".
f SKILL, V. i. 1. To be knowing in ; to be dextrous in per-
formance. 2. To differ ; to make difference ; to be of in-
terest.
SKILLED, a. Having familiar knowledge united with
readiness and dexterity in the application of it ; familiar-
ly acquainted with.
f SKIL'LESS, a. Wanting skill ; artless. Skak.
SKIL'LET, 71. [qu. Fr. ecuclle, ecuellette.] A small vessel
of metal, with a long handle ; used for heating and boiling
water.
SKILL'FUL, a. 1. Knowing; well versed in any art;
hence, dextrous; able in management; able to perform
nicely any manual operation in the arts or professions.
2. Well versed in practice.
SKILL'FUL-LY, adv. With skill ; dextrously.
SKILL'FUL-NESS, n. The (luality of possessing skill ;
dextrouspess ; ability to perft-nn well in any art or busi-
ness.
SKIL'LING, 71. An isle or bay of a barn ; also, a slight ad-
dition to a cottage, [Local.]
fSKILT, 71. [See Skill.] Difference. Cleaveland.
SKIM, n. [a diiferent orthography of scum ; Fr. ecume ; It
schiuma ; G schaum ; D. schuim; Dan., Sw. skum.
Scum ; the thick matter that forms on the surface of |.
liquor. [Little used.]
SKIM, V. t. To take off" the thick, gross matter which sep.
arates from any liquid substance and collects on the sur-
face. 2. To take off" by skimming. 3. To pass near the
surface ; to Drush the surface slightly.
SKIM, V. i. 1. To pass lightly ; to glide along in an even,
smooth course, or without flapping. 2. To glide along
near the surface ; to pass lightly. 3. To hasten over su
perficially or with slight attention.
SKIM'BLE-SCAM'BLE, a. [a duplication of sca?K6Ze.] Wan-
dering ; disorderly. [./2 low word.] Shak.
SKIM'ING-TON, ) 71. A vulgar word from the Danish
SKIM'I-TRY, \ skiemter, to jest ; used in the phrase,
to ride skimington, or skimitry.
SKIM'-€oULT-ER, n. A coulter for paring off" the surface
of land.
SKIMMED, pp. Taken from the surface ; having the thick
matter t,aken from the surface ; brushed along.
SKIM'MER, n. 1. A utensil in the form of a scoop ; used
for skimming liquors. 2. One that skims over a subject •
[I. u.] 3. A sea-fowl, the cut-water.
SKIM'-MILK, 71. Milk from which the cream has been
taken.
SKIM'MINGS, n.,plu. Matter skimmed from the surface
of liquors. Edwards, W.Indies.
SKIN, n. [Sax. scin ; Sw. skinn ; Dan. skind.] 1, The natu-
ral covering of animal bodies, consisting of the cuticle or
scarf-skin, the rete mucosum, and the cutis or hide. 2. A
hide ; a pelt ; the skin of an animal separated from the
body, whether green, dry or tanned, 3. The body ; the
person ; in ludicrous language. 4. The bark or husk of
a plant ; the exterior coat of fruits and plants.
SKIN, V. t. 1 To strip off" the skin or hide ; to flay ; to peel.
2. To cover with skin. 3. To cover superficially.
SKIN, V. i. To be covered with skin.
SKIN'DEEP, a. Superficial ; not deep ; slight.
SKIN'FLINT, n. A very niggardly person.
SKINK, n. [Sax. scene] J. Drink; pottage: [obs.] 2.
[h. scincus/] A small lizard of Egypt.
I SKINK, V. i, [Sax. scencan ; G., D. schenken ; Dan
skienker.] To serve drink.
t SKINK'ER, ?!. One that serves liquors. Shak.
SKIN'LESS, a. [from skin.] Having a thin skin.
SKINNED, pp. 1. Stripped of the skin ; flayed. 2. Cov-
ered with skin.
SKIN'NER, n. 1. One that skins. 2. One that deals in
skins, pelts or hides.
SKirvT'NI-NESS, 71. The quality of being skinny.
SKIN'NY, a. Consisting of skin, or of skin only ; wanting
flesh. Addison.
SKIP, V. i. [Dan. kipper, to leap ; Ice. skopa.] To leap ; to
bound ; to spring ; as a goat or lamb.
SKIP, V. t. To pass over or by ; to omit ; to miss.
SKIP, n. A leap ; a bound ; a spring. Sidney.
SKIP'- JACK, n. An upstart. L'Estrange.
SKIP'-KEN-NEL, n. A lackey ; a footboy.
SKIP'PER, 71. [Ban. skipper ; B. schipper.l ]. The master
of a small trading vessel. 2. [from skip.] A dancer. 3.
A youngling ; a young, thoughtless person. 4. The horn-
fish, so called. 5, The cheese-maggot,
t SKTP'PET, n. A small boat. Spenser.
SKIP'PJNG, ppr. Leaping; bounding.
SKIP'PING-LY, adv. By leaps.
SKiRL, V. i. To scream out. See Shhill.
SKiRM'ISH, 71. [Fr. escarmouche ; It scaramuccia.] 1. A
slight fight in war ; a light combat by armies at a great dis-
tance from each other, or between detachments and small
parties. 2. A contest ; a contention.
SKtRM'ISH, V. i. To fight slightly or in small parties.
SKiRM'ISH-ER, n. One that skirmishes.
SKiRM'ISH-ING, ppr. Fighting slightly.
SKiRM TSH-ING, n. The act of fighting in a loose or slight
encounter.
fSKiRR, V. t. To scour ; to ramble over in order to clear
t SKiRR, V. i. To scour ; to scud ; to run hastily.
SKIR'RET, n. A plant of the genus sium. Mortimer.
SKIR'RUS. See Scirrhus.
SKiRT, (skurt) n. [Sw. skiorta ; Ban. skiort.] 1. The lower
and loose part of a coat or other garment ; the part below
the waist. 2. The edge of any part of dress. 3. Border;
edge; margin; extreme part. 4. A woman's garment
like a petticoat. 5. The diaphragm or midriff" in ani-
mals.
SKiRT, V. t. To border ; to form the border or edge ; or to
run along the edge.
SKiRT, V. i. To be on the border ; to live near the ex-
tremity.
SKiRT'ED, pp. Bordered.
SKiRT'ING, ppr. Bordering ; forming a border.
fSKIT, n. A wanton girl ; a reflection ; a jibe ; a whink
* See Synopsis, i, E, I, 5, tr, ^, long.— FA.R, FJ^LL, WH^T j— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
SLA
761
SLA
SEIT, r. t. iSax seitan.] To cast reflections. [Local.]
Grose.
SKIT'TISH, a. [qu. Fr ecouteux.] 1. Shy ; easily fright-
ened ; shunning familiarity ; timorous. 2. Wanton j vola-
tile ; hasty. 3. Changeable ; fickle. Shak.
SKIT TISH-LY, adv. Shyly ; wantonly ; changeably.
SKIT'TISH-NESS, n. 1. Shyness; aptness to fear ap-
proach ; timidity. 2. Fickleness ; wantonness.
SKITTLES, 71. Nine-pins. Warton.
SKOL E-ZITE, 71. A mineral allied to Thomsonite.
SKONCE. See Sconce.
SKOR'A-DITE, n. [Gr. o-zcopo^wv.] A mineral.
SKREED, 71. A border of cloth. Craven dialect.
SKREEN. See Screen.
SKRIN6E. A vulgar corruption of cringe.
SKRUN'TY, a. Low ; stunted. Craven dialect.
SKUE. See Skew.
SKUG, V. t. To hide. [Local.]
SKULK, V. i. To lurk ; to withdraw into a corner or into a
close place for concealment. See Sculk.
SKULL, n, [Sw. skalle, skal ; Dan. skal ; D. sckeel.] 1.
The bone that forms the exterior of the head, and incloses
the brain ; the brain-pan. 2. A person. 3. Skull, for
shoal or school, of fish ; [obs.]
SKULL'-€AP, n. 1. A head-piece. 2. A plant of the ge-
nus Scutellaria. Encyc.
SKUNK, 71. In America, the popular name of a fetid animal
of the weasel kind ; the viverra mephitis.
SKUNK'eAB-BAGE, ) n. A plant vulgarly so called, the
SKUNK'WEED, \ tetodes fcetidus.
SKUR'RY, n. Haste ; impetuosity. Brockett.
BKUTE, 71. A boat. See Scow.
SK"?, n. [Sw. sfcj/ ; Dan. siti/e.] 1. The aerial region which
surrounds the earth ; the apparent arch or vault of heaven.
2. The heavens. 3. The weather 5 the climate. 4. A
cloud ; a shadow ; \_obs.']
SK"S''-e6L'OR, n. The color of the sky ; a particular spe-
cies of blue color ; azure. Boyle.
SKY'-€oL-ORED, a. Like the sky in color ; blue ; azure.
SK\''-DyED, a. Colored like the sky. Pope.
SKY'EY, a. Like the sky ; ethereal. Shak.
SKY'ISH, a. Like the sky, or approaching the sky.
SKY'-LARK, n. A lark that mounts and sings as it flies.
SK1?'-LlGHT, 71. A window placed in the top of a house or
ceiling of a room for the admission of light.
SK"?'-RO€K-ET, n. A rocket that ascends high and burns
as it flies ; a species of fire-works. Addison.
tSLAB, a. Thick; viscous. Shak.
SLAB, 71. [W. llab, yslab.] 1. A plane or table of stone.
2. An outside piece' taken from timber in sawing it into
boards, planks, &c. 3. A puddle.
* SLAB'BER, V. i. [D. slabhen ; G. schlabben, schlabem.]
To let the saliva or other liquid fall from the mouth care-
lessly ; to drivel.
* SLAB'BER, v.t. 1. To sup up hastily, as liquid food. 2.
To wet and foul by liquids suffered to fall carelessly from
the mouth. 3. To shed ; to spill.
* SLAB'BER-ER, n. One that slabbers ; an idiot.
* SLAB'BER-ING, ppr. Driveling.
SLAB'BY, a. 1. Thick ; viscous. [Little used.] 2. Wei.
SLAB'-LlNE, 71. A line or small rope by which seamen
truss up the main-sail or fore-sail. Mar. Diet.
SLACK, a. [Sax. slcec ; Sw. slak.] 1. Not tense ; not hard
drawn; not firmly extended, 2. Weak; remiss; not
holding fast. 3. Remiss ; backward ; not using due dili-
gence ; not earnest or eager. 4. Not violent ; not rapid ;
slow.
SLACK, adv. Partially ; insufficiently ; not intensely.
SLACK, n. The part of a rope that hangs loose, having no
stress upon it. Mar. Diet.
SLACK, or SLACK'EN^ v. i. [Sax. slacian ; D. slaaken.]
]. To become less tense, firm or rigid ; to decrease in ten-
sion. 2. To be remiss or backward ; to neglect. Deut.
xxiii. 3. To lose cohesion or the quality of adnesion. 4.
To abate ; to become less violent, 5. To lose rapidity ; to
become more slow. 6. To languish ; to fail ; to flag.
SLACK, or SLACK'EN, v. t. 1. To lessen tension ; to make
less tense or tight. 2. To relax ; to remit. 3. To miti-
gate ; to diminish in severity. 4. To become more slow ;
to lessen rapidity, 5. To abate ; to lower. 6. To relieve ;
to unbend ; to remit. 7. To withhold ; to use less liber-
ally. 8. To deprive of cohesion ; as, to slack lime. 9. To
repress ; to check. 10, To neglect. II. To repress, or
make less quick or active.
SLACK, 71. Small coal ; coal broken into small parts. Eng.
SLACK, 71, A valley, or small, shallow dell, [Local.] Grose.
SLACK'EN, n. Among miners, a spungy, semi-vitrified
substance which they mix with the ores'of metals to pre-
vent their fusion.
SLACK'LY, adv. 1. Not tightly ; loosely. 2. Negligently ;
remissly.
SLACK'NESS, n. 1. Looseness ; the state opposite to ten-
sion ; not tightness or rigidness. 2. Remissness ; negli-
gence ; inattention. 3. Slowness ; tardiness ; want of
tendency. 4. Weakness ; not intenseness.
SLADE, 71. [Sax. sUpd.] A little dell or valley ; also, a flat
piece of low, moist ground. [Local.] Drayton.
SLAG, 7t. [Dan. slagg.] The dross or recrement of a metal;
or vitrified cinders. Boyle.
SLaIE, (sla) n. [Sax. sice.] A weaver's reed.
SLaIN, pp. of slay ; so written for slayen. Killed.
SLAKE, V. t. [Sw. sl&cka ; Ice. slcecka.} To quench ; to
extinguish ; as, to slake thirst. Spenser.
SLAKE, V. i. 1. To go out ; to become extinct. Brown. 2.
To grow less tense ; [a mistake for slack.]
SLAM, V. t. [Ice. lema ; Old Eng. lam ; Sax. hlemman.]
1. To strike with force and noise ; to shut with violence
2. To beat ; to cuff"; [local.] Grose. 3. To strike down ;
to slaughter ; [local.] 4. To win all the tricks in a hand ;
as we say, to take all at a stroke or dash.
SLAM, n. 1. A violent driving and dashing against ; a vio-
lent shutting of a door. 2. Defeat at cards, or the win-
ning of all the tricks. 3. The refuse of alum-works;
[local.]
SLAM'KIN, In. [G. schlampe.] A slut ; a slatternly
SLAM'MER-KIN, \ woman. [JYot used, or local.]
SLAN'DER, n. [Norm, esclaunder ; Fr. esclandre.] 1. A
false tale or report maliciously uttered, and tending to in-
jure the reputation of another ; defamation. 2. Disgrace ;
reproach ; disreputation ; iii name.
SLAN'DER, 7?. t. To defame ; to injure by maliciously ut-
tering a false report respecting one.
SLXN'DERED, ^;). Defamed; injured in good name by
false and malicious reports.
SLAN'DER-ER, n. A defamer ; one who injures another by
maliciously reporting something to Ms prejudice.
SLAN'DER-ING, ppr. Defaming.
SLAN'DER-OUS, a. 1. That utters defamatory words or
tales. 2. Containing slander or defamation ; calumnious.
3. Scandalous ; reproachful.
SLAN'DER-OUS-LY, adv. With slander ; calumniously ;
with false and malicious reproach.
SLAN'DER-OUS-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being
slanderous or defamatory.
SLANG, old pret. of sling. We now use slung.
SLANG, 71. Low, vulgar, unmeaning language. [Ijow.]
SLANG'- WHANG-ER, n. A noisy demagogue ; a turbulent
partisan. A cant word of recent origin in America, used
only in familiar style, or works of humor. Pick. Vocab.
SLANK, n. A plant ; [alga marina,] Ainsworth.
SLANT, or SLANT'ING, a. [few. slinta, slant.] Sloping ;
oblique ; inclined from a direct line, whether horizontal
or perpendicular.
SLANT, V. t. To turn from a direct line ; to give an oblique
or <5loping direction to. Fuller.
SLANT, 71, 1. An oblique reflection or gibe ; a sarcastic re-
mark ; [vulgar.] 2, A copper coin of Sweden.
SLANT'ING-LY, adv. With a slope or inclination ; also,
with an oblique hint or remark.
SLANT'LY, I adv. Obliquely ; in an inclined direction.
SLANT'WISE, \ Tusser.
SLAP, 7?. [G schlappe ; W. yslapiaw.] A blow given with
the open hand, or with something broad.
SLAP, V. t. To strike with the open hand, or with scrnie-
thing broad,
SLAP, adv. With a sudden and violent blow. Arbuthnot.
SLAPDASH, adv. [slap and dash.] All at once. [Low.]
SLAPE, a. Slippery ; smooth. [Local.] Grose.
i£iF?mG,|-^^'-y^"=«-t^"'^'^^-^
SLASH, V. t. [Ice. slasa.] 1. To cut by striking violently
and at random ; to cut in long cuts. 2. To lash.
SLASH, V. i. To strike violently and at random with a
sword, hanger or other edged instrument; to lay about
one with blows.
SLASH, 77. A long cut ; a cut made at random.
SLASHED, pi7. Cut at random.
SLASHING, ppr. Striking violently and cutting at random.
SLAT, n. [This is doubtless the sloat of the English diction-
aries. See Sloat,] A narrow piece of board or timber
used to fasten together larger pieces,
SLATCH, 71. 1. In seamen^s language, the period of a tran-
sitory breeze. Mar. Diet, 2. An interval of fair weather.
3, Slack ; see Slack.
SLATE, 71. [Fr. eclater ; Sw. slita.] 1. An argillaceous
stone which readily splits into plates ; argillite ; argilla-
ceous shist. 2. A piece of smooth argillaceous stone, used
for covering buildings. 3. A piece of smooth stone of the
above species, used for writing on.
SLATE, V. t. To cover with slate or plates of stone.
SLATE, or SLETE, v. t. To set a dog loose at any thing.
[Local.] Ray. .
SLaTE'-AXE, 71. A mattock with an axe-end ; used in
slating.
SLaT'ED, pp. Covered with slate.
SLaT'ER, 71. One that lays slates, or whose occupation js
to slate buildings.
♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € asK ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete^
SLE
'62
SLE
SLATING, ppr. Covering with slates.
SLAT'TER, w. J. [G. schlottem.] 2. To be careless of dress,
and dirty. 2. lo be careless, negligent or awkward ; to
spill carelessly.
SLAT'TERN, n. A woman who is negligent of her dress ;
one who is not neat and nice.
SLAT'TERN, v. t. To slattern away, to consume carelessly
or wastefully ; to waste. [Unusual.]
SLAT'TERN-LY, adv. Negligently ; awkwardly
SLa'TY, a. Resembling slate ; having the nature or proper-
ties of slate ; as, a slaty color or texture.
SLAUGH'TER, (slaw'ter) 71. [Sax. slxge ; D. slagting ; G.
s'c'hlachten.] 1. In a general sense, a killing. Applied to
71} en, slaughter usually denotes great destruction of life by
violent means. — 2. Applied to beasts, butchery ; a killing
of oxen or other beasts for market.
BLAUGH'TER, (s.aw'ter) v t. 1. To kill ; to slay ; to make
gi'eat destruction of life. 2. To butcher ; to kill for the
market ; as beasts.
SLAUGH'TERED, (slaw'terd) pp. Slain ; butchered.
SLAUGH'TER-ER, (siaw'ter-er) n. One employed in kill-
ing.
SLAUGH'TER-HOUSE, (slaw'ter-house) n. A house where
beasts are butchered for tlie market.
SLAUGHTER-ING, (slaw'ter-ing) ppr. Killing ; destroying
li'iiman life ; butchering.
SLAUGH'TER-MAN, (slaw'ter-man) n. One employed in
killing. Shali.
SLAUGH'TER-OUS, a. Destructive ; murderous.
SLAVE, n. [D. slaaf; G. solace ; Dan. slave, sclave ; Sw.
slaf; Fr. esclave ; Sp. esclavo.] 1. A person who is
wholly subject to the will of another. 2. One who has
lost the power of resistance ; or one who surrenders him-
self to any power whatever 3. A mean person ; one in
the lowest state of life. 4. A drudge ; one who labors like
a slave.
SLAVE, V. i. To drudge ; to toil ; to labor as a slave.
SLIVE'BORN, a. Boni in slavery.
SLaVE'LTKE, a. Like or becoming a slave.
SLAVER, 7i. [the same as 6Za&&e;-.] Saliva driveling from
the mouth. Pope.
SLAVER, V. i. I. To suffer the spittle to issue from the
month. 2. To be besmeared witli saliva. Shak.
SLAVER, v. t. To smear with saliva issuing from the
mouth ; to defile with drivel.
SLAVER, n, A slave-ship, or a ship employed in the slave-
trade.
SLAVERED, pp. Defiled with drivel.
SLAVER-ER, n. A driveler ; an idiot.
SLAVER-ING, ppr. Letting fall saliva.
SLa'VER-Y, n. 1. Bondage ; the state of entire subjection
of one person to the will of another. 2. The offices of a
slave ; drudgery.
SLaVE'-TRaDE, n. The barbarous and wicked business
of purchasing men and women, transporting them to a
distant country and selling them for slaves.
SLAVISH, a. 1. Pertainhig to slaves ; servile ; mean ; base ;
such as becomes a slave. 2. Servile ; laborious ; consist-
in^g in drudgery.
SLaVISH-LY, adv. 1. Servilelp* ; meanly ; basely. 2 In
the manner of a slave or drudge.
SLaV'ISH-NE?S, n. The state or quality of being slavish ;
servility ; meanness.
SLA-VON'IC; a. Pertaining to the Slavons or ancient in-
habitants of Russia.
SLA-VON'ie, 71. The Slavonic language.
SJj AY, V. t. ; pret. slew ; pp. slain. [Sax. slmgan, slagan :
Goth slahan ; G. schlagcn ; D. slaaen.] 1. To kill ; to put
to death by a weapon or by violence. 2. To destroy.
SI/aY'ER, n. One that slays ; a killer ; a murderer ; an as-
sassin ; a destroyer of life.
SLaY'INGjPp?-. Killing ; destroying life.
SLeAVE, n. [Tee. slefa.'] The knotted or entangled part of
silk or thread ; silk or thread untwisted.
SI-kAVE, v. t. To separate threads ; or to divide a collection
of threads ; to sley ; a icord used by weavers.
^'LEAVED, a. Raw ; not spun or wrought. HoUnshcd.
SL7':AZ'Y, ) a. Thin : flimsy ; wanting firmness of texture
F^LEEZ'Y, \ or substance.
SLED, 7!. [D. slccde ; Sw. slade ; Dan. shade.] A carriage
or vehicle moved on runners, much used in America for
conveying heavy weights in winter.
SLED, V. t. To convey or transport on a sled.
SLED'DED, pp. 1. Conveyed on a sled. 2. Mounted on a
sled.
SLEDDING, ppr. Conveying on a sled.
SLED DING, n. 1. The act of transporting on a sled. 2. The
means of conveying on sleds j snow sufficient for the run-
ning of sleds.
SLEDGE, 71. [Sax. slecge, siege ; D. sley ; Dan. slegge ; Sw.
slagga.] 1. A large, heavy hammer ; used chiefly by iron-
smfths. — 2. In England, a sled ; a vehicle moved ou run-
ners or on low wheels.
SLEEK, a. [D. lekken.] 1. Smooth ; having an even
smooth surface ; whence, glossy. 2. Not rough or harsh
Milton.
SLEEKjTi. That which makes smooth; varnish, [L.u.]
SLEEK, V. t. 1. To make even and smooth. B. Jonson. 2
To render smooth, soft and glossy. Shak.
SLEEK, adv. With ease and dexterity ; with exactness
[ Vulgar.]
SLEEK 'LY,'a<ZD. Smooth! v ', nicely.
SLEEK'NESS, n. Smoothness of surface. Feltham.
SLEEK'STONE, n. A smoothing stone. Peacham.
t SLEEK 'Y, a. Of a sleek or smooth appearance.
SLEEP, V. i. ; pret. and pp. slept. [Sax. slepan, sltspan;
Goth, slepan.] 1. To take rest by a suspension of the vol
untary exercise of the powers of the body and mind. 2
To rest ; to be unemployed ; to be inactive or motionless.
3. To rest ; to lie or be still 5 not to be noticed or agitated.
4. To live thoughtlessly. 5. To be dead ; to rest in the
grave for a time. 1 Thess. iv. 6. To be careless, inatten-
tive or unconcerned ; not to be vigilant. Shak.
SLEEP, 71. That state of an animal ui which the voluntary
exertion of his mental and corporeal powers issuspended^
and he rests unconscious of what passes around him.
SLEEP'ER, 77. 1. A person that sleeps ; also, a drone or lazy
person. 2. That which lies dormant, as a law" not exe-
cuted ; [obs.] 3, An animal that lies dormant in winter
as the bear, the marmot, &c. — 4. In building, the oblique
rafter that lies in a gutter. — 5. In JSTew E7igland, a floor-
timber. — 6. In ship-building, a thick piece of timber plac-
ed longitudinally in a ship's hold. — 7. In the glass trade,
a large irop bar crossing the smaller ones, hindering the
passa'ge of coals, but leaving room for the ashes. 8. A
platform. 9. A fish ; [exocaitus ]
SLEEP'FUL, a. Strongly inclined to sleep. [Little 7iscd.]
SLEEP'FiJL-NESS, 7i. Strong inclination to sleep. [L.u.]
SLEEP'I-LY, adv. 1. Drowsily ; with desire to sleep. 2.
Dully ; in a lazy manner ; heavily. Raleigh. 3. Stupidly
SLEEP'I-NESS, n. Drowsiness ; inclination to sleep.
SLEEP'ING, ppr. Resting ; reposing in sleep.
SLEEPING, 71. 1. The state of resting in sleep. 2. The
state of being at rest, or not stin-ed or agitated.
SLEEP'LESS, a. 1. Having no sleep ; without sleep ; wake-
ful. 2. Having no rest ; perpetually agitated. Byron.
SLEEP'LESS-NESS, 77. Want or destitution of sleep.
SLEEP'Y, a. 1. Drowsy ; inclined to sleep. 2. Not awake.
3. Tending to induce sleep ; soporiferous ; somniferous
4. Dull ; lazy ; heavy ; sluggish.
SLEET, n. [Dan. slud ; Ice. sletta.] 1. A fall of hail or
snow and rain together, usually in fine paiticles.— 2. In
gunnery, the part'of a mortar passing from the chamber to
the trunnions for strengthening that part.
SLEET, V. i. To snow or hail with a mixture of rain.
SLEET'Y, a. 1. Bringing sleet. 2. Consisting of sleet.
SLEEVE, 71. [Sax. slef. shjf.] 1. The part of a gannent
that is fitted to cover the arm. 2. The " raveled sleeve of
care," in Shakspeare j [see Sleave.] — To laugh in the
sleeve, to laugh privately or unperceived.— T^o ha7ig on
the sleeve, to be or make dependent on others.
SLEEVE, V. t. To furnish with sleeves ; to put in sleeves.
SLEEVE'-BUT-TON, n. A button to fasten the sleeve or
wristband.
SLEEVED, a. Having sleeves.
SLEEVE'LESS, a. 1. Having no sleeves. 2. Wanting a
cover, pretext or palliation ; unreasonable ; [little tised.]
SLEID, V. t. To sley or prepare for use in the weaver's sley
or sJaie.
SLEIGH, (sla) ?7. [probably allied to sleek.] A vehicle raov
ed on runners, and greatly used in America for transport-
ing persons or goods on snow or ice. [This word the
English write and pronounce sledge, and apply it to what
we call a sled.]
SLEIGHT, (sllte) n. [G. schlich ; It. slighthcach.] 1. An
artful trick ; sly artifice ; a trick or feat so dextrously per
formed that the manner of performance escapes observa-
tion. 2 Dextrous practice ; dexterity.
SLEIGHT 'y"'^' \ ^- ^*'^^"' ' cunningly dextrous.
SLEN'DER,'a. [Old D. slinder.] 1. Thin ; small in circum-
ference compared with the length ; not thick. 2. Small
in the waist ; not thick or gross. 3. Not strong ; small •
slisht. 4. Weak ; feeble. 5. Small ; inconsiderable. 6.
Small; inadequate. 7. Not amply supplied. 8. Spare;
abstemious.
SLEN'DER-LY, adv. 1. Without bulk. 2. Slightly ; mean-
ly. 3. Insufficiently.
SLEN'DER-NESS, n. I. Thinness ; smallness of diameter
in proportion to the length. 2. Want of bulk or strength
3. We ikness ; slightness. 4. Weakness ; feebleness. 5
Want of plenty. 6. Spareness.
tSLENT, V. i. To make an oblique remark. See Slant.
SLEPT, pret. and pp. of sleep.
SLEW, pret. of slay.
SLEY, 71. [Sax. slm.] A weaver's reed. See Sleave and
Sleid.
* See Sijnopsis. A E. T, O, C, Y. long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
SLl
763
SLO
SLEY, V. t. To separate ; to part threads and arrange tliem
in a reed ; as weavers,
SLICE, V. t. [G. sclileissen.] 1. To cut into thin pieces, or
to cut off a thin, broad piece. 2. To cut into parts. 3. To
cut ; to divide.
SLICE, n. 1. A thin, broad piece cut off. 2. A broad piece.
3. A peel ; a spatula ; an instrument consisting of a broad
plate with a handle, used by apothecaries for spreading
plasters, &;c. — 4. In ship-building, a tapering piece of
plank to be driven between the timbers before planking.
SLICED,;;;). Cut into broad, thin pieces.
SLICH, n. The ore of a metal when pounded and prepared
for working. Encyc.
SLi'CING, ppr. Cutting into broad, thin pieces.
SLICK. The popular pronunciation of sleek, and so written
by some authors.
SLI€K'EN-SlDES, n. A name which workmen give to a
variety of galena in Derbyshire. Ure.
SLID, pret. of slide.
SLID, )
SLID'DEN, j^^-of^'^*^^-
t SLID'DER, V. i. [Sax. sliderian, sUdrian.] To slide with
interruption.
f SI ID'DER )
+ SLID'DER-LY i'^' [-Sfie Slide.] Slippery. Chaucer.
SLIDE, V. i. ; pret. slid ; pp. slid, slidden. [Sax. slidan.] 1.
To move along the surface of any body by slipping, or
witliout bounding or rolling ; to slip ; to glide. 2'. To
move along the surface witliout stepping. 3. To pass in-
advertently. 4. To pass smoothly along without jerks or
agitation. 5. To pass in silent, unobserved progression.
6. To pass silently and gradually from one s-tace to an-
other. 7. To pass without difficulty or obstruction. 8.
To practice sliding or moving on ice. 9. To slip ; to fall.
10. To pass with an easy, smooth, uninterrupted course
or flow.
SLIDE, v.t. 1. To slip ; to pass or put in imperceptibly.
2. To thrust along ; or to thrust by slipping.
SLIDE, ?j. 1. A smooth and easy passage ; also, a slider. 2.
Flow ; even course.
SLlD'ER. n. 1. One that slides. 2. The part of an instru-
ment or machine that slides.
SLiD'ING, ppr. Moving along the surface by slipping 5 glid-
ing ; passing smoothly, easily or imperceptibly.
SLiD'ING, n. Lapse ; falling ; used in backsliding.
SLiD'ING-RULE, n. A mathematical instrument used to
determine measure or quantity without compasses, by
sliding the parts one by anotlier.
SLIGHT, a. [D. slegt ; G. schlecht.] 1. Weak ; inconsid-
erable ; not forcible. 2. Not deep. 3. Not violent. 4.
Trifling ; of no great importance. 5. Not strong ; not co-
gent. (5. Negligent ; not veliement ; not done with effort.
7. Not firm or strong ; thin ; of loose texture. 8. Foolish ;
sUly ; weak in intellect.
SLIGHT, n. 1. Neglect ; disregard ; a moderate degree of
contempt manifested negatively by neglect. 2. Artifice 5
d_exterity. SeeSLnoHX.
SLIGHT, V. t. 1. To neglect ; to disregard from the consid-
eration that a thing is of little value and unworthy of no-
tice. 2. To overthrow; to demolish; [obs.] — To slight
over, to run over in haste.
SLiGHT'ED, pp. Neglected.
t SLiGHT'EN, V. t. To slight or disregard. Spenser.
SLIGHT ER, n. One who negiects.
SLlGHT'ING, ppr. Neglecting ; disregarding.
SLlGHT'ING-LY, adv. With neglect; without respect.
Boyle.
SLiGHT'LY, adv. 1. Weakly; superficially; with in-
considerable force or effect ; in a small degree. 2. Negli-
gently ; without regard ; with moderate contempt.
SLiGHT'NESS, n. 1. Weakness ; want of force or strength ;
superficialness. 2. Negligence ; want of attention ; want
of vehemence.
SLIGHT Y, a. 1. Superficial; slight. 2. Trifling; incon-
siderable. Eckard.
SLi'LY, adv. [from sly.l With artful or dextrous secrecy.
SLIM, a. [Ice.] 1. Slender; of small diameter or thickness
in proportion to the height. 2. Weak ; slight ; unsub-
stantial. 3. Worthless.
SLIME, n. [Sax. slim ; Sw. slem ; D. slym ; L. limus.]
Soft, moist earth having an adhesive quality; viscous
rnud.
SLiME'-PIT, 71. A pit of slime or adhesive mire.
SLiM'I-NESS, n. The quality of slime ; viscosity. Flnyer.
SLIM'NESS, n. State or quality of being slim.
SLiM'Y, a. I. Abounding with slime ; consisting of slime.
2^ Overspread with slime. 3. Viscous ; glutinous.
SLi'NESS, n. [from sly.] Dextrous artifice to conceal any
thing ; artful secrecy. .Addison.
SLING, n. [D. slinger.] 1. An instrument for throwing
stones, consisting of a strap and two strings. 2. A throw ;
a stroke. 3. A kind of hanging bandage put round the
neck, in which a wounded limb is sustained. 4. A rope
by which a cask or bale is suspended and swung in or out
of a ship. 5. A drink composed of equal parts of rum oi
spirit and water sweetened.
SLING, V. t. ; pret. and pp. slung. fSax. shngan ; D. slin-
gercn.] 1. To throw with a sling. 2. To throw ; to hurl
3. To hang so as to swing. 4. To move or swing by a
rope which suspends the thing.
SLING'ER, 71. One who slings or uses the sling.
SLING'ING, ppr. Throwing with a sling ; hanging so as to
swing ; moving by a sling.
SLINK, V. i. ; pret. and pp. slunk. [Sax. slincan ; G.
schleichen.] 1. To sneak ; to creep away meanly ; to steal
away. 2. To miscarry, as a beast.
SLINK, V. t. To cast prematurely ; to miscarry of 3 as the
female of a beast.
SLINK, a. Produced prematurely, as the young of a beast
SLIP, V. i. [Sax. slepan ; D. sleppen ; Sw. slippa.] 1. To
slide ; to glide ; to move along the surface of a thing
without bounding, rolling or stepping. 2. To slide ; not
to tread firmly. 3. To move or fly out of place ; usually
with out. 4. Tvi sneak ; to slmk ; to depart or withdraw
secretly. .*>. To err; to fall into error or fault. 6. To
glide ; to pass unexpectedly or imperceptibly. 7. To en-
ter by oversight. 8. To escape insensibly ; to be lost.
SLIP, V. t. I. To convey secretly. 2. To omit ; to lose by
negligence. 3. To part twigs from the branches or stem
of "a tree. 4. To escape from; to leave slily. 5. To let
loose. 6. To throw oft'; to disengage one's self from. 7.
To pass over or omit negligently. 8. To tear off. 9. To
suffer abortion ; to miscarry. — To slip a cable, to veer out
and let go the end. — To slip on, to put on in haste or
loosely.
SLIP, n. 1. A sliding; act of slipping. 2. An unintentional
error or fault. Dryden. 3. A twig separated from the
main stock. 4. A leash or string by which a dog is held ;
so called from its being so made as to slip or become loose
by relaxation of the hand. 5. An escape ; a secret or un-
expected desertion. 6. A long, narrow piece. 7. A
counterfeit piece of money, being brass covered with sil-
ver ; [obs.] 8. Matter found in troughs of grindstones
after the grinding of edge-tools; [local.] 9. A particular
quantity of yarn ; [local.] 10. An opening between
wiiaives or in a dock. J\r.'York. 11. A place having a
gradual descent on the bank of a river or harbor, conven-
ient for ship-building. Mar. Diet. 12. A long seat or
narro\v_pew in churches. United States.
SLlP'-BoARD, 71. A board sliding in grooves.
SLIP'-KNOT, n. A bow-knot ; a knot which will not bear
a strain, or which is easily untied. Johnson.
SLIP'PEIl, ?z. [Sax.] 1. A kind of shoe consisting of a sole
and vamp without quarters, which may be slipped on
with ease and worn in undress ; a slip-shoe. 2. A kind
of apron for children, to be slipped over their other clotlies
to keep them clean. 3. [L. crepis.] A plant. 4. A kind
of iron slide or lock for the use of a heavy wagon.
t SLIP'PER, a. [Sax. slipur.] Slippery. Spenser.
SLIP'PER'ED, a. Wearing slippers. Warton.
SLIP'PER-[-LY, adv. In a slippery manner.
SLIP'PER-I-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being
slippery ; lubricity ; smoothness : glibness. 2. Uncer-
tainty ; want of firm footing. 3. Lubricity of character.
SLIP'PER- Y, a, 1, Smooth; glib; having the quality op
posite to adhesiveness. 2. Not affording firm footing or
confidence. 3. Not easily held ; liable or apt to slip
away. 4. Not standing finn. 5. Unstable ; change-
able ; mutable ; uncertain. 6. Not certain in its effect
7. Lubricous ; wanton ; unchaste.
t SLIPPY, a. [Sax, slipeg.] Shppery.
SLIP'SHOD, a. [slip a.nd shod.] Wearing shoes like slip-
pers, witliout pulling up the quarters. Swift.
SLIP'SLOP, 71. Bad liquor.
SLIP'STSING, n. [slip and string.] One that has shaken
off restraint ; a prodigal ; called, also, slipthrift. [L. u.]
SLISH, n. A low word, formed by reduphcating slash. Shak.
SLIT, V. t. ; T[)iPA.slit; pp. slit, 01 slittcd. [Sax. slit an ; Sw.
slita.] 1. To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces or
strips. 2. To cut or make a long fissure. 3. To cut, in
general. 4. To rend ; to split.
SLIT, n. 1. Along cut; or a narrow opening. 2, A cleft
or crack in the breast of cattle, Encvc
SLITH'ER, V. i. To slide. Morth of England
SLIT'TER. n. One that slits.
SLIT'TING, ppr. Cutting lengthwise.
SLIT TING-MILL, ?i. A mill where iron bars are slit into
nail-rods, &c.
SLIVE, i\ i To sneak. [Local.] Orose.
SLIVER, V. t. [Sax. slifan.] To cut or divide into long,
thin pieces, or into very small pieces ; to cut or rend
lengthwise.
SLIV ER, n. A long piece cut or rent off, or a piece cut or
rent lengthwise.
SLoAT, n. [D. sluiten ; Sw. sluta ; G. schliessen.] A nar-
row piece of timber which holds together larger pieces ;
as, the sloats of a cart. [In JVew England, tliis is called a
slat.]
♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE — € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
SLO
764
SLU
SLOB'BER and its derivatives are a different orthography
of slabber, the originEil pronup elation of which was prob-
ably slobber. See Slabber and Slavbe.
t SLOeK, to quench, Is a different orthography of slake.
SLOE, n. [Sax. slag, sla ; G. schlehe ; D. slee.} A small
wild plum, the fruit of the black thorn, Mortimer.
SLOOM, n. Slumber. [.Voi in use, or local."]
SLOOM'Y, a. Sluggish ; slow. [J^ot in use, or local.]
SLOOP, n. [D. sloep, sloepschip ; G. schaluppe ; Dan. sluppe ;
Ft. chaloupe. It is written, also, shallop.] A vessel with
one mast. — Sloop of war, a vessel of war rigged either as
a sliip, brig or schooner, and usually carrying from 10 to
18 guns.
SLOP, V. t. To drink greedily and grossly. [Little used.]
SLOP, n. 1. Water carelessly thrown about on a table or
floor J a puddle ; a soiled spot. 2. Mean liquor ; mean
liquid food.
SLOP, n. [qu. D. sluif.] Trowsers ; a loose lower garment ;
drawers ; hence, ready-made clothes. Shak.
SLOP'SEJ^-LER, 71. One who sells ready-made clothes.
SLOPSHOP, 71. A shop where ready-made clothes are sold.
SLOPE, a. Inclined or inclining from a horizontal direc-
tion ; forming an angle with the plane of the horizon.
[Little used] Milton.
SLOPE, n. 1. An oblique direction ; a line or direction in-
clining from a horizontal line ; properly, a direction down-
wards. 2. A declivity ; any ground whose surface forms
an angle with the plane of the horizon.
SLOPE, V. t. To form with a slope ; to form to declivity Oi
obliquity ; to direct obliquely j to incline.
SLOPE, V. i. To take an oblique direction j to be declivous
or inclined.
SLoPE'NESS, n. Declivity ; obliquity. [L. u.] Wotton.
SLoPE'WiSE, adv. Obliquely. Carew.
SLoP'ING, ppr. 1. Taking an inclined direction. 2. a.
Oblique ; declivous ; inclining or inclined from a horizon-
tal or other right line.
SLoP'ING-LY, adv. Obliquely ; with a slope.
SLOP'PI-NESS, 71. Wetness of the earth ; muddiness.
SLOP'PY, a. Wet, as the ground ; muddy ^ plashy.
SLOSH, ) n. and a. These words are often used in the
SLOSH'Y, \ J\rorthem States in relation to the state of the
roads, when they are covered with snow and a thaw
takes place ; as, the roads are sloshy ; it is very sloshy
going. They are low, colloquial words, perhaps corrupted
from sludge, or sloppy. Pickering^s Vocabulary.
SLOT, V. t. [D, sluit'M ; Dan. slutter ; Sw. sluta.] To shut
with violence ; to islam, that is, to drive. [Little used.]
SLOT, 71. A broad, flat, wooden bar.
SLOT, 71. The track of a deer. Drayton.
* SLOTH, 71. [Sax. sloiwth.] 1. Slowness ; tardiness. 2.
Disinclination to action or labor ; sluggishness ; laziness ;
idleness. 3. An animal, so called from the remarkable
slowness of his motions.
* SLOTH, 7). i. To be idle. Gower.
* SLOTH'FUL, a. Inactive ; sluggish ; lazy ; indolent ; idle.
* SLOTII'FUL-LY, adv. Lazily ; sluggishly ; idly.
*SLOTH'FyL-NESS, 77. The indulgence of sloth ; inactiv-
ity ; the habit of idleness ; laziness.
t SL0T''1*ER-Y, a. [G. schlotterig.] 1. Squalid ; dirty ; slut-
tish ; untrimmed. 2. Foul ; wet.
SLOUCH, 71. 1. A hanging down ; a depression of the head
or of some other part of the body ; an ungainly, clownish
gait. 2. An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow.
SLOUCH, V. i. To hang down ; to have a downcast, clown-
ish look, gait or manner. Chesterfield.
SLOUCH, V. t. To depress ; to cause to hang down.
SLOUCH'ING, ppr. ] . Causing to hang down. 2. a. Hang-
ing down ; walking heavily and awkwardly.
SLOUGH, (slow) 71. [Sax, slog.] I, A place of deep mud
or mire ; a hole full of mire, 2. [pron. stuff.] Tiie skin
or cast skin of a serpent, 3. [pron, sluff.] The part that
separates from a foul sore.
SLOUGH, (sluff) V. i. To separate from the sound flesh ; to
come off ; as the matter formed over a sore, — To slough
off, to separate from the living parts, as the dead part in
mortific'ition
SLOUGHY, (slow'y) a. Full of sloughs; miry. Swift.
SLOUM. See Sloom.
SL6VEN,77. [H . slof, sloffen.] A man careless of his dress,
or negligent of cleanliness ; a man habitually negligent of
neatness and order.
FL6VEN-LI-NESS, 71 1, Negligence of dress ; habitual
wane of cleanliness, 2, Neglect of order and neatness,
SLoV'EN-LY, a. 1. Negligent of dress or neatness. 2.
Loose : disorderly ; not neat.
SL6V'EN-LY, adv. In a careless, inelegant manner.
|- SLoV'EN-RY, 7i. Negligence of order or neatneiJis ; dirti-
ness.
SL6W, a. [Sax. slaw ; Dan. slov.] 1, Moving a small dis-
tance in a long tune ; not swift ; not quick in motion ;
not rapid. 2. Late ; not happening in a short time 3.
Not ready: not prompt or quick. 4, Dull; inactive;
tardy. 5. Not hasty ; not precipitate ; acting with delib-
eration. 6. Dull ; heavy in wit. 7. Behind lu time ; In
dicating a time later than the true time. 8. Not advanc-
ing, growing or improving rapidly.
SLo W is used in composition to modify other words.
jSLoW, as a verb, to delay. Shak.
fSLQW, 71. [Sax.sZJw.] A moth. Chaucer.
SLoW'BACK, 71. A lubber ; an idle fellow ; a loiterer.
SLoW'LY, adv. 1. With moderate motion : not rapidly ;
not with velocity or celerity. 2. Not soon ; not early ;
not in a little time ; not with hasty advance. 3. Not
hastily ; not rashly ; not with precipitation. 4. Not
promptly ; not readily. 5. Tardily ; with slow progress.
SLOWNESS, 77. 1. Moderate motion ; want of speed or
velocity. 2, Tardy advance ; moderate progression, 3.
Dullness to admit conviction or affection. 4. W^ant of
readiness or promptness ; dullness of intellect. 5. Delib-
eration ; coolness ; caution in deciding. 6. Dilator'oess ;
tardiness.
SLOW-WORM, or SLoE'-WoRM, n. An insect found on
the leaves of the sloe-tree, which often changes its skin
and assumes different colors.
SLoW'-WoRM, n. [Sax. slaw-wyrm.] A kind of viper,
the blind-worm, scarcely venomous.
SLUB'BER, V. t. To do lazily, imperfectly or coarsely ; to
daub ; to stain ; to cover carelessly, [Little used.]
SLUB'BER-DE-GULL'ION, 77. A mean, dirty, sorry
wretch. Hudibras.
SLUB'BER-ING-LY, adv. In a slovenly manner. [Vulgar.]
SLUDGE, n. [Sax. slog.] Mud ; mire : soft mud.
SLUDS, n. Among miners, half roasted ore.
SLuE, V. t. In seamen's language, to turn any thing coni-
cal or cylindrical, &c. about its axis without removing it j
to turn.
SLUG, 71. [W. llag.J 1. A drone ; a slow, heavy, lazy
fellow. 2. A hinderance; obstruction. 3. A kind of
snail. 4. [qu. Sax, sloca.] A cyhndrical or oval piece of
metal, used for the charge of a gun,
fSLUG, V. i. To move slowly ; to lie idle. Spenser.
t SLUG, V. t. To make sluggish. Milton.
t SLUG'A-BED, n. One who indulges in lying abed. Shak.
SLUG'GARD, n. [slug and ard.] A person habitually lazy,
idle and inactive ; a drone, Dryden.
SLUG'GARD, a. Sluggish ; lazy, Dryden.
SLUG'GARD-IZE, v. t. To make lazy, [Little used.] Shak.
SLUG'GISH, a. 1, Habitually idle and lazy; slothful;
dull ; inactive, 2, Slow ^ having little motion, 3. Inert ;
inactive ; having no power to move itself.
SLUG'GISH-LY, adv. Lazily ; slothfully ; drowsily ; idly ;
slowly. Milton.
SLUG'GISH-NESS, 7i. 1. Natural or habitual indolence or
laziness ; sloth ; dullness ; applied to persons. 2. Inert-
ness ; want of power to move. 3. Slowness.
t SLUG'GY, a. Sluggish. Chaucer.
SLUICE, ) 71. [D. sluis ; G. schleuse ; Sw.sluss ; Dan. sluse ;
SLUSE, \ Fr. ecluse.] 1. The stream of water issuing
through a flood-gate ; or the gate itself. 2. An opening ; a
source of supply ; that through which any thing flows.
SLUICE, ) V. t. To emit by flood-gates, [Little used.] Mil-
SLUSE, \ ton.
SLtJI'CY, \ a. Falling in streams as from a sluice. Dry-
SLtJ'SY, \ den.
SLUM'BER, V. i. [Sax. slumerian ; D. sluimeren.] 1 To
sleep lightly ; to doze. 2. To sleep. 3. To be in a state
of negligence, sloth, supineness or inactivity.
SLUM'BER, v.t. 1. To lay to sleep. 2. To stun ; to stu-
pify ; [little v^ed.] Spenser. Wotton.
SLUM'BER, 77. 1. Light sleep ; sleep not deep or sound.
2. Sleep ; repose. Dryden.
SLUM'BMl-ER, n. One that slumbers,
SLUM'BER-ING, ppr. Dozing ; sleeping,
SLUM'BER-OUS, ) a. 1. Inviting or causing sleep ; sopo-
SLUM'BER-Y, \ riferous 2. Sleepy ; not waking.
SLUMP, V. i. [G. schlump ; Dan,, Sw. slump.] To fall or
sink suddenly into water or mud, when walking on a
hard surface, as on ice or frozen ground, not strong
enough to bear the person. [This -word is in common use
in JVew England.]
SLUNG, pret. and pp. of sling.
SIAINK, pret. and pp. of slink.
SLUR, V. t. [D, slordig.] 1. To soil ; to sully; to contam-
inate ; to disgrace. 2. To pass lightly ; to conceal, 3
To cheat ; to trick ; [unusual.] — 4, In music, to sing or
perform in a smooth, gliding style,
SLUR, 71, 1, Properly, a black mark ; hence, slight re-
proach or disgrace, — 2, In music, a mark connecting
notes,
SLUSE, a more correct orthography of sluice-
SLUSH, 71, Soft mud, or a soft mixture of filthy substances
[This may be the Eng. slutck.]
SLUT, n. [D, slet, a slut, a rag ; G, schlotterig, negligent,
slovenly,] 1. A woman who is negligent of cleaulinesa
and dress. 2. A name of slight contempt for a woman.
SLUT'TER-Y, ti. The qualities of a slut ; more generally,
the practice of a slut ; dirtiness
* See Synopsis. A, E I, O, tJ, Y. Ims.—FkB FALL, WHAT ;— PBgY •,— PIN, MARINE, BlRD 5 - t Obsoleu
SMA
765
SMI
SLUT'TISH, a. 1. Not neat or cleanly ; dirty ; careless of
dress and neatness ; disorderly. 2. Disorderly ; dirty. 3
Meretricious : [little iised.]
SLUT'TISH-LY, adv. In a sluttish manner ; negligently ;
dirtily.
SLUT'TISH-NESS, n. The qualities or practice of a slut ;
negligence of dress ; dirtiness of dress, furniture, and in
domestic affairs generally.
SLY, a. [G, sclilau ; Dan. slue.] 1. Artfully dextrous in
performing things secretly and escaping observation or
detection ; usually implying some degree of meanness ;
artfully cunning. 2. Done with artful and dextrous se-
crecy. 3. Marked with artful secrecy. 4, Secret ; con-
cealed .
SLy'-BOOTS, n. A sly, cunviing or waggish person. [Low.]
SLY'LY, SL-S-'NESS. See Slily, Sliness.
SMACK, V. i. [W. ysmac ; Sax. smcBccan : D. smaaken.] 1.
To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make
a sound when they separate ; to kiss with violence. 2.
To make a noise by the separation of the lips after tasting
any tning. 3. To have a taste ; to be tinctured with any
particular taste. 4. To have a tmcture or quality infused.
SMACK, V. t. 1. To kiss with a sharp noise. 2, To make
a sharp noise with the lips. 3. To make a sharp noise
by striking ; to crack.
SMACK, n. 1. A loud kiss. 2. A quick, sharp noise, as of
the lips or of a whip. 3. Taste ; savor ; tincture. 4.
Pleasing taste. 5. A quick, smart blow. 6. A small
quantity ; a taste. 7. [D. smakscliip.] A small vessel,
used in the coasting and fishing trade.
SMALL, a. [Sax. snicBl, smal ; G. schmal : D. smal ; Dan.
smal.] 1. Slender; thin; fine; of little diameter; hence,
in general, little in size or quantity ; not great. 2. Mi-
nute ; slender ; fine. 3. Little in degree. 4. Being of
little moment, weight or importance. 5. Of little genius
or ability; petty. 6. Short; containing little. 7. Little
in amount. 8. Containing little of the principal quality,
or little strength ; weak. 9. Gentle ; soft ; not loud. 10.
Mean ; base ; unworthy ; [colloquial.]
SMALL, n. The small or slender part of a thing. Sidney.
t SMALL, V. t. To make little or less.
SMALL' AGE, 71. A plant, water-parsley.
SMALL'-BEEB n. [small and beer.] A species of weak
beer.
SMALL'-CoAL, n. Little wood coals used to light fires.
SMALL'-CRAFT, n. A vessel, or vessels in general, of a
small size, or below the size of ships and brigs.
SMALL'ISH, a. Somewhat small. Chaucer.
SMALL'NESS, n. 1. Littleness of size or extent ; littleness
of quantity. 2. Littleness in degree. 3. Littleness in
force or strength ; weakness. 4. Fineness ; softness ;
melodiousness. 5. Littleness in amount or value. 6.
Littleness of importance ; inconsiderableness.
SMALL-POX', n. [sviall and jpox, pocks.] A very conta-
gious disease, characterized by an eruption of pustules on
the skin ; the variolous disease.
SMAL'LY, (smawl'ly) adv. In a little quantity or degree ;
with minuteness. [Little used."] Ascham.
SMALT, n. [D. smelten ; Dan. smelter.] A beautiful blue
glass of cobalt, flint and potash fused together.
SMAR'AGD, n. [Gr. anapaySos.] The emerald.
SMA-RAG'DlNE, a. [L. srrmragdinus.] Pertaining to em-
erald ; consisting of emerald, or resembling it ; of an em-
erald green.
SMA-RAG'DITE, n. A mineral. Ure.
SM AR'IS, n. A fish of a dark green color.
SMART, n. [D. srne-rt ; G. schmerz ; Dan. smerte.] 1.
Cluick, pungent, lively pain ; a pricking, local pain, as the
pain from puncture by nettles. 2. Severe, pungent pain
of mind ; pungent grief.
SMART, V. i. [Sax. smeortan ; D. smcrten.] 1. To feel a
lively, pungent pain, particularly, a pungent local pain
from some piercing or irritating application. 2. To feel a
pungent pain of mind ; to feel sharp pain. 3. To be pun-
ished ; to bear penalties or the evil consequences of any
thing.
SMART, a. 1. Pungent ; pricking ; causing a keen local
pain. 2. Keen ; severe ; poignant. 3. Quick ; vigorous ;
sharp ; severe. 4. Brisk ; fresh. 5. Acute and pertinent ;
witty. 6. Brisk ; vivacious.
SMART, 71. A cant word for a fellow that affects briskness
and vivacity.
f SMART'EN, V. t. To make smart.
f SMAR'TLE, V. i. To waste away. Ray.
SMART'LY, adv. 1. With keen pain. 2. Briskly ; sharply ;
wittily. 3. Vigorously ; actively.
SMART'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being smart or pun-
gent ; poignancy. 2. Quickness ; vigor. 3. Liveliness ;
briskness ; vivacity ; wittiness.
SMART'-WEED, n. A name given to arsmart.
SMASH, V. t. [probably mash, with a prefix.] To break in
nieces by violence ; to dash to pieces ; to crush. [ Vulgar.]
Burke.
\ SMATCH, V. i. To have a taste. Banister.
SMATCH.n. [corrupted from smocfc.] I. Taste; tincture;
[vulgar.] 2. A bird.
SMATTEK,*). i. [qu. Dan. 577iaf/:er.] 1. To talk superficially
or ignorantly. 2. To have a slight taste, or a slight, super-
ficial knowledge.
SMAT'TER, 71. Slight, superficial knowledge.
SMAT'TER-ER, n. One who has only a slight, superficial
knowledge. Swi^'t.
SMA'i TER-ING, n. A slight, superficial knowledge.
SMeAR, v. t. [Sax. smerian, smirian ; D. smeeren ; G
schmieren ; Ir. smearam.] 1. To overspread with any
thing unctuous, viscous or adhesive ; to besmear • to daub
2._To soil ; to contaminate ; to pollute.
SMeAR, n. A fat, oily substance ; ointment. [L. u.]
SMEARED, pf. Overspread with soft or oily matter •
soHed.
SMeAR'ING, ppr. Overspreading with any thing soft and
oleaginous ; soiling.
SMeAR' Y, a. That smears or soils; adhesive. [L. u.]
Rowe.
SMeATH, 7i. A sea fowl.
SMECTITE, 71. An argillaceous earth.
t SMEETH, v. t. To smoke.
SMEETH, v. t. To smooth. J^orth cf England.
SMEG-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. cr/iijy/xa.j Being of the nature of
soap ; soapy ; cleansing ; detersive.
SMELL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. smellcd, smelt. To perceive by
the nose, or by the olfactory nerves ; to have a sensation
excited in certain organs of the nose by particular quali-
ties of a body, which are transmitted in fine panicles,
often from a distance. — To smell out, is a low phrase sig-
nifying to find out by sagacity. — To smell a rat, is a low
phrase signifying to suspect strongly.
SMELL, V. i. 1. To affect the olfactory nerves ; to have an
odor or particular scent. 2. To have a particular tincture
or smack of any quality. 3. To practice smelling. 4. To
exercise sagacity.
SMELL, n. 1 . The sense or faculty by which certain qual-
ities of bodies are perceived through the instrumentality
of the olfactory nerves ; or the faculty of perceiving by
the organs of the nose ; one of the five senses. 2. Scent j
odor ; the quality of bodies which affects the olfactory
organs.
SMELLED, or SMELT, ;>rei. and pp. of smell.
SMELL'ER, 71. One that smells.
SMELL'FeAST, n. One that is apt to find and frequent
good tables ; an epicure ; a parasite.
SMELT. See Smelled.
SMELT, 71. [Sax.] A small fish that is very delicate food.
SMELT, V. t. [D. smelten ; G. schmelzen ; Dan. smelter.]
To melt, as ore, for the purpose of separating the metal.
SMELTED, pp. Melted for the extraction of the metal.
SMELT'ER, 71. One that melts ore.
SMELT'ER-Y, n. A house or place for smelting ores.
SMELT'ING, ppr. Melting, as ore.
SMELT'ING, n. The operation of melting ores for the pur-
pose of extracting the metal.
SMERK, V. i. [Sax. sinercian.] 1. To smile affectedly or
wantonly. 2. To look affectedly soft or kind.
SMERK, n. An affected smile.
'^MFRK'V I ^' ^^'^^ 3 smart ; janty. Spenser.
SMER'LIN, 77,. A fish. Jiinsworth.
SMEW, 77. An aquatic fowl, the mergus albellus.
SMICK'ER, V. i. [Sw. smickra ; Dan. smigrer.] To sraerk ;
to look amorously or wantonly.
SMICK'ER-ING, ppr. Smerking ; smiling affectedly.
SMICK'ER-ING, 77. An affected smile or amorous look.
fSMICK'ET, 77. Dim. of S7J70C&.
fSMID'DY, 71. [Sax. smiththa.] A smithery or smith's
workshop.
SMIGHT, for smite, in Spenser, is a mistake.
SMILE, V. i. [Sw. smila ; Dan. sviiler.] 1. To contract the
features of the face in such a manner as to express pleas-
ure, moderate joy, or love and kindness. 2. To express
slight contempt by a smiling look, implying sarcasm or
pity ; to sneer. 3. To look gay and joyous : or to have
an appearance to excite joy. 4. To be propitious or favor-
able ; to favor ; to countenance.
SMILE, V. t. To awe with a contemptuous smile.
SMILE, 77. 1. A peculiar contraction ol the features of the
face, which naturally expresses pleasure, moderate joy,
approbation or kindness. 2. Gay or joyous appearance.
3. Favor ; countenance ; propitiousness.
SMiL'ER, n. One who smiles.
SMIL'ING, ppr. Having a smile on the countenance ; look-
ing joyous or gay ; looking propitious.
SMiL'ING-LY, adv. With a look of pleasure.
t SMILT, for smelt.
SMIRCH, V. t. [from murk, murky.] To cloud ; to dusk ■
to soil. [Low_J Shak.
SMIRK, V. i. To look affectedly soft or kind See Smerk.
SMIT, sometimes used for smitten. See Smite.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DoVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
SMO
766
SNA
SMITE, V. t. ', pret. smote ; pp. smitten, sm'd. [Sax. sviitcm ;
D. smyttn.] ]. To strike 5 to throw, drive or force against,
33 the fist or hand, a stone or a weapon. 2. To kill ; to
destroy the life of by beating or by weapons of any kind .
3. To blast ; to destroy life ; as by a stroke or by some-
thuig sent. 4. To afflict 3 to chasten ; to punish. 5. To
strike or affect with passion .
SMITE, V. i. To strike ; to C(/ilide.
SMITE, 71. A blow. [Local.]
SMiT'EE, 71. One who SQiites or strikes.
SMITH, n. [Sax. smith i Dan., Sw. smed j D. smit ; G.
schmied.] 1, Literally, the striker, the beater; hence,
one who forges with the hammer; one who works in
metals; as, an iron-smit/i,&G. 2. He that makes or ef-
fects any thing.
f SMITH, V. t. [Sax. smithian.] To beat into shape; to
forge. Chaucer.
SMITH'-eRAFT, 71. [smith and craft.] The art or occupa-
tion of a smith. [Little Tised.] Raleigh.
SMITH'ER-Y, 71. 1. The workshop of a smith. 2. Work
done by a smith. Burke.
SMITH'IIVG, 71. The act or art of working a mass of iron
into the intended shape. Moxon.
t SMITH' Y, n. [Sas. smiththa.] The shop of a smith.
SMITT, 71. The finest of the clayey ore made up into balls,
used for marking sheep. Woodward.
SMIT'TEN, (smit'n) pp. of smite. ^ Struck ; killed. 2.
Aflected with some passion ; excited by beauty or some-
thing impressive.
SMIT'TLE, V. t. To infect. [Local.] Grose.
SMIT TLE, / T ^ .•
SMIT'TT;ISH, \ "■ infectious.
SMO€K, 71. [Sax. smoc] 1. A shift; a chemise; a woman's
under garment. — 2. In composition, it is used for female,
or what relates to wi.men.
SJMOCK'-FaCED, a. Pale-faced ; maidenly ; having a fem-
j]iine countenance or complexion.
SMO€K'-FRO€K, ?i. [smock and frock.] A gaberdine.
SMO€K'LESS, a. Wanting a smock. Chaucer.
SMOKE, 71. [Sax. smoca, smcc, smic ; G. schmauch ; D.
smook.] 1. The exhalation, visible vapor or substance
that escapes or is expelled in cc^tibuslion from the sub-
stance burning. 2. Vapor ; watery exhalations.
SMOKE, V. i. [Sax. smocian, smecan, smican ; Dan. smoger ,-
D. smooken.] 1. To emit smoke ; to throw off volatile
matter in the form of vapor or exhalation. 2. To burn ;
to be kindled ; to rage ; in Scripture. 3. To raise a dust
or smoke by rapid motion. 4. To smell or hunt out ; to
suspect ; [I. u.] 5. To use tobacco in a pipe or cigar. 6.
To sufler ; to be punished.
SMOKE, V. t. 1. To app!y smoke to; to hang in smoke ;
to scent, medicate or dry by smoke. 2. To smell out ; to
find out ; [I. u.] 3. To sneer at ; to ridicule to the face.
SMOKED^ pp_. Cured, cleansed or dried in smoke.
SMoKE'DRY, v. t. To dry by smoke. Mortimer.
SMoKE'-JA€K, 71. An engine for turning a spit.
SMoKE'LESS, a. Having no smoke. Pope.
SMoK'ER, 7i. 1. One that dries by smoke. 2. One that
uses tobacco by burning it in a pipe or in the form of a
cigar.
SMoK'I-LY, adv. So as to be full of smoke. Sherwood.
SMoK'ING, ppr. 1. Emitting smoke, as fuel, &c. 2. Ap-
plying smoke for cleansing, drying, &c. 3. Using tobac-
co^ in a pipe or cigar.
SMoK'IXG, n. 1. The act of emitting smoke. 2. The act
of applying smoke to. 3. The act or practice of using to-
bacco by burning it in a pipe or cigar.
SMoK'Y, a. 1. Emitting smoke ; "fumid. 2. Having the
appearance or nature of smoke. 3. Filled with smoke, or
with a vapor resembling it ; thick. 4. Subject to be filled
with smoke from the chimneys or fire-places. 5. Tar-
nished with smoke; noisome with smoke.
SMoL'DER-ING. The more correct orthography of smoul-
deruifT, which see.
tSMOOR, or tSMORE, 7;. f. [Sax. s^noraji.] To suffocate
or smother. More.
SMOOTH, a. [Sax. smethe, smoeth ; W . esmwyth.] 1. Hav-
ing an even surface, or a surface so even that no rough-
ness or points are perceptible to the touch ; not rough.
2. Evenly spread; glossy. 3. Gently flowing; moving
equably; not ruffled or undulating. 4. That is uttered
without stops, obstruction or hesitation ; voluble ; even ;
not harsh. 5. Bland ; mild ; soothing ; flattering.— 6. In
botany, glabrous; having a slippery surface void of rough-
ness.
SMOOTH, 71. That which is smooth ; the smooth part of
any thing; as, the smooth of the neck. Gen. xxvii.
SMOOTH, 1'. t. [Sax. smetJdan.] 1. To make smooth : to
make even on the surface by any means. 2. To free
from obstruction ; to make easy. 3. To free from harsh-
ness ; to make flowing. 5. To" palliate; to soften. 6. To
ca!m ; to mollify ; to allay 7. To ease. 8. To flatter;
lo soften with blandishments.
SMOOTHED, pp. Made smooth.
SMOOTHTEN, for smooth, is used by mechanics, though
not, I believe, in the United States.
SMOOTH'ER, 71. One who smooths or frees from harshness.
Bp. Percy.
SMOOTH'-FaCED, a. Having a mild, soft look.
SMOOTH'LY, adv. 1. Evenly; not roughly or harshly.
2. \Yith even flow or motion. 3. Without obstruction or
difficulty ; readily ; easily. 4. With soft, bland, insin-
uating language.
SMOOTH'NESS, 71. 1. Evenness of surface ; freedom
from roughness or asperity. 2. Softness or mildness to
the palate. 3. Softness and sweetness of numbers ; easy
flow of words. 4. Mildness or gentleness of speech •
blandness of address.
SMOTE, pret. of smite.
SMoTH'ER, V. t. [alUed, perhaps, to Ir. smuid, smoke.] 1
To suftbcate or extinguish life by causing smoke or dust
to enter the lungs ; to stifle. 2. To suffocate or extinguish
by closely covering, and by the exclusion of air. 3. To
suppress ; to stifle.
SMoTH'ER, V. i. 1. To be suffocated. 2. To be suppress-
ed or concealed. 3. To smoke without vent.
SMoTH'ER, 71. 1. Smoke ; thick dust. Dryden. 2. A state
of suppression ; [obs.] Bacon.
t SMOUCH, V. t. To salute. Stubbes.
SMoUL'DER-ING, ) a. Burning and smoking without vent
SMOUL'DRY, \ Dryden.
SMUDGE, 71. A suffocating smoke. Grose. JVorth of Eng .
SMUG, «. [Bain, smuk ; G. smuck] Nice; neat; affected
ly nice in dress. [J\'oi in use, or local.]
t SMUG, V. t. To make spruce ; to dress with affected neat-
ness. Chaucer.
S^MUGGLE, 7;. t. [Sw. smyga ; D. smokkelen.] 1. To im-
port or export secretly goo^s which are forbidden by the
government to be imported or exported ; or secretly to im-
port or export dutiable goods without paying the duties
imposed by law ; to run. 2. To convey clandestinely.
SMUG'GUED, pp. Imported or exported clandestinely and
contrarv to law.
SI'.IUG'GLER, 71. ]. One that smuggles. 2. A vessel em-
ployed in running goods.
SMUG'GLING, ppr. Importing or exporting goods contrary
to law.
SMUG'GLTNG, 71. The offense of importing or exporting
prohibited goods, or other goods without paying the cus-
toms.
t SMUG'LY, otZi'. Neatly; sprucely. Gay.
t SMUG'NESS, 71. Neatness; spniceness without elegance.
SMu'LY, a. Looking smoothly ; demure Cumberland.
SMUT, 71. [Bar), smuds ; Sdx. smitta ; B. smet.] 1. A spot
made with soot or coal ; or the foul matter itself. 2. A
foul, black substance which forms on com. 3. Obscene
language.
SMUT, i\ f. 1. To stain or mark with smut; to blacken
with coal, soot or other dirty substance. 2. To taint with
mildew. 3. To blacken ; to tarnish.
SMUT, V. i. To gather smut; to be converted into smut.
SMUTCH, V. t. To blacken with smoke, soot or coal.
SMUT'TI-LY, adv. 1. Blackly ; smokily ; foully. 2. With
obscene language.
SMUT'TI-NESS, 71. 1. Soil from smoke, soot, coal or
smut. 2. Obsceneness of language.
SMUT'TY, a. 1. Soiled with smut, coal, soot or the like.
2. Tainted with mildew. 3. Obscene ; not modest 01
pure.
SNACK, 71. 1. A share. 2. A slight, hasty repast.
SNACK'ET, or SNECK'ET, 71. The hasp of a casement.
[Local.] Sherwood.
SNAC'OT, 71. [L. acMS.] A fish. Ainsicorth.
SNAF'FLE, 71. [B. sneh,snavel.] A bridle consisting of a
slender bitmouth without branches.
SNAF'FLE, V. t. To bridle ; to manage with a bridle.
SNAG, 71. 1. A short branch, or a sharp or rough branch ;
a shoot ; a knot. Dryden. 2. A tooth, in contempt ; or a
tooth projecting beyond the rest.
SNAG, V. t To hew roughly with an axe. J^Torth of Eng.
SNAG'GED, \ a. Full of snags ; full of short, rough branches
SNAG'GY, \ or sharp points ; abounding with knots.
SNaIL, 71. [Sax. snagel, sncgel ; Sw. snigel ; Ban. snegel.]
1. A slimy, slow-creeping animal, of the genus helix. 2
A drone; a slow-moving person. Shak.
SNaIL'-€La-VER, or SNaIL'-TRe-FOIL, 71. A plant
of the genus medicago.
SNaIL'-FLOW-ER, 71. A plant of the genus phaseolus.
SNaIL'-LiKE, a. Resembling a snail ; moving very
slowlv.
SNaIL'-LiKE, adv. In the manner of a snail ; slowly.
SNAKE, 71. [Sax. snaca ; Dan. snog ; G. schnake.] A sei-
pent of the oviparous kind.
SNAKE, V. t. In seamen^s language, to wind a small rope
round a large one spirally, the small rope lying in the
spaces between the strands of the large one.
SNaKE'ROOT, 77. [snake and root.] A plant.
SNaKE'S'-HEAD I'RIS, 71. A plant. Lee.
* See Shjv-ojysis. A, U, I, O, V, Y, iovg.— FAR, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— HN, MARINE. BiRD 5— f Obsolete
SNE
767
SNO
bNlKE'WEED, n. A plant, bistort»
SNaKE'WOOD, n. [snakeand wood.'] The smaller branches
of a tree growing iu the isle of Timor.
SNaK'INGj j^pr. Winding small ropes spirally round a large
one.
SNaK'Y, a. 1. Pertaining to a snake or to snakes ; resem-
bling a snake j serpentine 5 winding. 2. Sly 5 cunning J
insinuating ; deceitful. 3. Having serpents.
SNAP, V. t. [D. snappen, snaawen ; G. sclinappcn ; Dan.
snapper.] 1. To break at once ; to break short. 2. To
strike with a sharp sound 3. To bite or seize suddenly
with the teeth. 4. To break upon suddenly with sharp,
angry words. 5. To crack. — To snap off. 1. To break sud-
denly. 2. To bite off suddenly. — To snap one up, to snap
one up short, to treat with sharp words.
SNAP, V. i. 1. To break short ; to part asunder suddenly.
2. To make an effort to bite 5 to aim to seize with the
teeth. 3. To utter sharp, harsh, angry words.
SNAP, n. 1. A sudden breaking or rupture of any sub-
stance. 2. A sudden, eager bite ; a sudden seizing or
effort to seize with the teeth. 3. A crack of a whip. 4.
A greedy fellow. 5. A catch ; a theft.
SNAP'-DRAG-ON, 71. 1, A plant, calf 's-snout. 2. A play
in which raisins are snatched from burning brandy and
put into the mouth. 3. The thing eaten at snap-dragon.
SNAPE, V. t. Used in the JVurtli of England for sneap.
SNAP'HANCE, 71. A kind of firelock. Shelton.
SNAPPED, ;;;;. Broken abruptly 3 seized or bitten sudden-
ly ; cracked, as a whip.
SNAP'PER, n. One that snaps. Shak.
SNAP'PISH, a. 1. Eager to bite ; apt to snap. 2. Peev-
ish ; sharp in reply ; apt to speak angrily or tartly.
SNAP'PISH-LY, adv. Peevishly ; angrily ; tartly.
SNAP'PISH-NESS, n. The quality of being snappish ; peev-
ishness ; tartness.
SNAP'SACK, 7!. A knapsack. [Vulgar.]
t SNaR, v. i. To snarl. Spenser.
SNARE, n. [Dan. snare ; Sw. sjiara ; Dan. snore.] 1. An
instrument for catching animals, particularly fowls, by
the leg. 2. Any thing by which one is entangled • and
brought into trouble. 1 Cor. vii.
SNARE, V. t. [Dan. snarer.] To catch with a snare ; to
ensnare ; to entangle ; to bring into unexpected evil.
SNaRED, pp. Entangled ; unexpectedly involved in diffi-
culty.
SNaR'ER, n. One who lays snares, or entangles.
SNaR'ING, ppr. Entangling; ensnaring.
SNARL, V. t. [G. schnarreni D. snar.] 1. To growl, as
an angry or surly dog ; to gnarl ; to utter grumUing
sounds. 2. To speak roughly : to talk in rude, murmur-
ing terms.
SNaRL, t'. i. 1. To entangle; to complicate; to involve
in knots. 2. To embarrass.
SNaRL, n. Entanglement ; a knot or complication of hair,
thread, &c., which it is difficult to disentangle.
SNaRL'ER, 71. One who snarls ; a surly, growling animal ;
a grumbling, quarrelsome fellow. Sicift.
SNaRL'ING, ppr. 1. Growling ; grumbling angrily. 2.
Entangling.
SNaR'Y, a. Entangling; insidious. Dryden.
t SNAST, n. [G. schnautze.] The snuffof a candle.
SNATCH, V. t. ; pret. and pp. snatched, or snatcht. [D.
snakken.] 1. To seize hastily or abruptly. 2. To seize
without permission or ceremony. 3. To seize and trans-
port away.
SNATCH, V. i. To catch at ; to attempt to seize suddenly,
SNATCH, 71. 1. A hasty catch or seizing. 2. A catching
at or attempt to seize suddenly. 3. A short fit of vigorous
action. 4. A broken or interrupted action ; a short fit or
turn. 5. A shuffling answer; [l.u.]
SNATCH'-BLOCK, n. A particular kind of block used in
ships, having an opening in one side to receive the bight
of a rope.
SNATCHED, pp. Seized suddenly and violently.
SNATCH'ER, n. One that snatches or takes abruptly.
Shak.
SNATCH'ING, 2>pr. Seizing hastily or abruptly ; catch-
ins at.
SNATCH'ING-LY, adv. By snatching ; hastily ; abruptly.
SNATH, 71. [Sax. snced ; Eng. snathe, sneath.] The handle
of a sythe. JVetc England.
t SNATHE, V. t. [Sax. snidan, snithan.] To lop ; to prune.
SNATiTOCK, n. A chip; a slice. [L. u.] Gayton.
SNeAK, v. i. [Sax. snican ; Dan. sniger.] 1. To creep or
steal away privately ; to withdraw meanly, as a person
afraid or ashamed to be seen. 2. To behave with mean-
ness and servility ; to crouch ; to truckle.
SNeAK, v. t. To hide. Wake.
oNeAK, 71. A mean fellow.
f SNeAK'-€UP. See Sneakup.
SNeAK'ER, 71. A small vessel of drink. [Local.] Spectator.
SNeAK'ING, ppr. 1. Creeping away slily ; stealing away.
2. a. Mean ; servile ; crouching. Rowe. 3. Meanly par-
simonious ; covetous ; niggardly.
SNeAK'ING-LY, adv In a sneaking manner; meank
Herbert. 6 j .
SNeAK'ING-NESS, 71. Meanness ; niggardliness Boyle
t SNeAKS'BY, n. A paltry fellow. Barrow.
t SNeAK'UP, 71. A sneaking, cowardly, insidious fellow.
tSNEAP, «. t. [Dan. s7iibbe.] 1. To check; to reprove
abruptly; to reprimand. Chaucer. 2. To nip. Shak.
t SNeAP, 71. A reprimand ; a check. Shak.
SNEB, V. t. To check ; to reprimand. [The same an
sneap.]
SNED. See Snathe.
SNEED, or SNE AD, 71. A snath. See Snath.
SNEEK, n. The latch of a door. [JYot in use, or local.]
SNEER, V. i. 1. To show contempt by turning up the nose,
or by a particular cast of countenance. 2. To insinuate
contempt by covert expression. 3. To utter with grimace
4. To show mirth awkwardly.
SNEER, V. t. To treat with a kind of contempt. Thyer.
SNEER, 7Z. 1. A look of contempt, or a turning up of the
nose to manifest contempt ; a look of disdain, derision or
ridicule. Pope. 2. An expression of ludicrous scorn.
Watts.
SNEER'ER, n. One that sneers.
t SNEER'FUL, a. Given to sneering. Shenstone.
SNEER'ING, ppr. Manifesting contempt or scorn by turn-
ing up tlie nose, or by some grimace or si<jnificant look.
SNEER'ING-LY, adv. With a look of conte^'ipt or scorn.
SNEEZE, V. i. [Sax. nicsan ; D. niezen ; G. niescn.] To
emit air through the nose audibly and violentl/iby a kind
of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by irritation
of the inner membrane of the nose.
SNEEZE, n. A sudden and violent ejection of air through
the nose with an audible sound. Milton.
SNEEZE'-WoRT, n. A plant, a species of acMZ.°c.
SNEEZ'ING, ppr. Emitting au from the nose audibly.
SNEEZ'ING, 71. The act of ejecting air violently and audi
bly through the nose ; sternutation.
fSNELL, a. [Sax. s7;eZ.] Active; brisk; nimble.
SNET, n. The fat of a deer. [Local among sportsmen.]
fSNEW, old pret. of snow. Chaucer.
SNEW, or SNuE, v. i. Used in the JVorth of England for
sneer.
SNIB, to nip or reprimand, is only a different spelling ol
sneh, sneap. IInbberd''s Tale.
t SNICK, 71. A small cut or mark ; a latch.
t SNICK AND SNEE, A combat with knives.
SNICK'ER, or SNIG'GER, v. i. [Sw. niugg.] To laugh
slily ; or to laugh in one's sleeve.
SNIFF, V. i. To draw air audibly up the nose. Swift.
t SNIFF, V. t. To draw in with the breath. Todd.
t SNIFF, n. Perception by the nose. Warton.
SNIFT, 71. A moment.
t SNIFT, v.i. To snort.
SNIG, 77. Akmdofeel. [Local.] Grose.
SNIG'GLE, V. i. To fish for eels, by thrusting the bait into
their holes. [Local.] Walton.
SNIG'GLE, T. f. To snare; to catch. Beaumont.
SNIP, V. t. [D. snippen.] To clip; to cut off the nip or neb,
or to cutioff at once with shears or scissors.
SNIP, n. 1. A clip ; a single cut with shears or scissors. 2.
A small shred. 3. Share ; a snack ; [a low word.]
SNIPE, n. [D. snip.] 1. A bird that frequents wet places
2. A fool ; a blockhead.
SNIP'PER, 71. One that snips or clips.
f SNIPPET, 71. A small part or share. Iludibras. ■
SNIP'-SNAP, 71. A cant word formed by repeating snap
and signifying a tart dialogue with quick replies. Pope.
t SNITE, n. [Sax.] A snipe. Careio.
t SNITE, V. t. [Sax. snytan.] To blow the nose.— In Scot-
land, suite the candle, snuff it. Grew.
SNiTHE, or SNITH'Y, a. Sharp ; piercing ; cutting ; ap-
plied to the tcind.
SNIVEL, (sniv'l) n. [Sax, s7iofel.] Snot ; mucus running
from the nose.
SNIVEL, V. i. 1. To run at the nose. 2, To cry as chil
dren, with snuffing or sniveling.
SNIVEL-ER, n. 1. One that cries with sniveling. 2.
One that weeps for slight causes, or manifests weakness
by weeping.
SNIVEL-Y, a. Running at the nose ; pitiful ; whining,
SNOD, 71. [Sax,] A fillet. [JVot in use, or local.]
SNOD, a. Trimmed ; smooth. [Local.]
t SNOOK, V. i. [Sw. snoka.] To lurk , to lie in ambush.
SNORE, 11. i, [Sax. snora ; D. snorken.] To breathe wiin a
rough, hoarse noise in sleep. Roscommon.
SNORE, n. A breathing with a harsh noise in sleep.
SNoR'ER, 71, One that snores,
SNoR'ING, ppr. Respiring with a harsh noise,
SNORT, V. i. [G, schnarchen.] 1, To force the air with
violence through the nose, so as to make a noise, as high-
spirited hoi-ses in prancing and play. 2. To snore.
SNORT, V. t. To turn up in anger, scorn or derision,
SNORT'ER, n. One that snorts ; a snorer,
SNORT'ING, jjpr. Forcing the air violently through the nose
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t ObsolaU
so
768
SOB
SNORTING, n. 1. The act of forcing the air through the
nose with violence and noise. Jer. viii. 2. Act of snoring.
SNOT, n. fSax. snote} D.snot; Dan. snot.] Mucus dis-
charged from the nose. Srcift.
SNOT, V. i. [Sax. snytan.'] To blow the nose. Sherwood.
SNOT'TER, V. i. To snivel ; to sob. [Local.] arose.
SNOT'TY", a. 1. Foul with snot. 2. Mean ; dirty.
SWOUT, 71. [W. ysnid ; D. sr.d.it.] 1. The long projecting
nose of a beast, as that of swine. 2. The nose of a man j
in contempt. 3. The nozzle or end of a hollow pipe.
SNOUT, V. t. To furnish with a nozzle or point. Camden.
SNOUT'ED, a. Having a snout. Heylin.
SNCUT'Y, a. Resembling a beast's snout. Otway.
SNoW, 71. [Sax. snaw ; Goth, snaiws ; D. sneeuw ; G. schnee ;
Dan. suae; Sw. sne.]. 1. Frozen vapor; watery particles
congealed into white crystals in the air, and falling to the
earth. 2. A vessel equipped with two masts, resembling
the main and fore-masts of a ship, and a third small mast
just abaft the main-mast carrying a try-sail.
SNoW, V. i. [Sax. snawaii.] To fall in snow.
SNoW,t;. t. To scatter like snow. Donne.
SNoW'BALL, 71. [snow and ball.] A round mass of snow,
pressed or rolled together. Dry den.
SNoW'BALL-TEEE, n. A flowering shrub ; gelder rose.
SNoW-BlRD, n. A small bird which appears in the time of
snow, of the genus emberiza.
SNoW'BROTH, n. [snow and broth.] Snow and water
mixed ; very cold liquor. Shak.
SNoWeROWNED, a. [snow and crown.] Crowned or
having the top covered with snow. Drayton.
SN6W DEEP, 71. [snow a.id derp.] A plant.
SNoW'-DRIFT, 71. [snow and drift.] A bank of snow
driven together by the wir j.
SNoW'- DROP, 71. [snow and drop.] A pla"t bearing a
white flower, cultivate^', m gardens for its beauty.
SNoW'LESS, a. Destitute of snow. Tooke.
SNoW'LiKE, a. Resembling snow.
SNoW-SH5E, n. [s7iow and shoe.] A shoe or racket worn
by men traveling on snow, to prevent their feet from sink-
ing into the snow.
SNOW-SLIP, 71. [snow and slip.] A large mass of snow
which slips down the side of a mountain, and sometimes
buries houses. Ooldsmith.
SNoW'-WHITE, a. White as snow ; very white.
SNOW'Y, a. 1. White like snow. 2. Abounding with
snow ; covered with snow. 3. White ; pure ; unblemished.
t SNUB, n. [D. sneb.] A knot or protuberance in wood ;
a snag. Spenser.
SNUB, V. t. 1. To nip ; to clip or break otF the end. 2. To
check ; to reprimand ; to check, slop or rebuke with a
tart, sarcastic reply or remark.
t SNUB, V. i. [G. schnauben.] To sob with convulsions.
SNUB'-NOSE, n. A short or flat nose.
SNUB'-NoSED, a. Having a short, flat nose.
t SNUD6E, V. i. [Dan. sniger.] To lie close ; to snug.
\ SNUDGE, n. A raiser, or a sneaking fellow.
SNUFF, 71. [D. snuf.] I. The burning part of a candle
wick, or that which has been charred by the flame,
whether burning or not. 2. A candle almost burnt out.
3. Pulverized tobacco, taken or prepared to be taken into
the nose. 4. Resentment ; huff", expressed by a snuffing
of the nose.
SNUFF, V. t. [D. snuffen : G. schnupfen.] 1. To draw in
with the breath ; to inhale. 2. To scent ; to smell ; to
perceive by the nose. 3. To crop the snuff", as of a can-
dle ; to take off" the end of the snuff".
SNUFF, V. i. 1. To snort ; to inhcile air with violence or
with noise ; as dogs and horses. 2. To turn up the nose
and inhale air in contempt. Mai. ii. 3. To take off"ense.
SNUFF'BOX, 71. A box for carrying snuff" about the person.
SNUFF'ER, 71. One that snuff"s.
SNUFF'ERS, 71. plu An instrument for cropping the snuff"
of a candle.
SNUF'FLE, V. i. [D. snuffelen ; G. niiffeln.] To speak
through the nose ; to breathe hard through the nose, or
through the nose when obstructed.
SNUF'FLER n. One that snuflBes or speaks through the
nose when obstructed.
SNUF-'FLES, n. Obstruction of the nose by mucus.
SNUF'FLING, n. A speaking through the nose. Swift.
SNUFF'TaK-ER, 71. One that takes snuff", or inhales it
into the nose.
SNUFF'Y, a. Soiled with snuff".
SNUG, V. i. [Dan. sniger ; Sax. snican.] To lie close.
SNUG, a. [Sw. snygg.] 1. Lying close ; closely pressed.
2. Close ; concealed ; not exposed to notice. 3. Being in
good order ; all convenient ; neat. 4. Close ; neat ; con-
venient. 5. Slily or insidiously close.
SNUG'GLE, V. i. To move one way and the other to get a
close place ; to lie close for convenience or warmth.
SNUG'LY, adv. Closely ; safely.
SNUG'NESS, 71. Closeness ; the state^of being neat or con-
venient. Haley^s Cowper.
SO, adv. [Goth., Sax. swa ,• G. so; D. zo j Dan. saa; Sw.
sa.] 1. In like manner, answering to as, and noting
comparison or resemblance. 2. In such a degree ; to that
degree. 3. In such a manner j sometimes repeated. 4.
It is followed by as. 5. In the same manner. 6. Thus ,
in this manner. 7. Therefore ; thus ; for this reason ; in
consequence of this or that. 8. On these terms, noting a
conditional petition. 9. [L. modo.] Provided that; on
condition that. 10. In like manner, noting the concession
of one proposition or fact and the assumption of another ;
answering to as. 11. So often expresses the sense of a
word or sentence going before. 12. Thus ; thus it is ;
this is the state. 13. Well ; the fact being such ; as, and su
the work is done, is it ? 14. It is sometimes used to ex-
press a certain degree, implying comparison, and yet
without the corresponding word as, to render the degree
definite. 15. It is sometimes equivalent to be it so, let it be
so, let it be as it is, or in that manner. 16. It expresses a
wish, desire or petition. 17. So much as, however much.
18. So so, or so repeated, used as a kind of exclamation ;
equivalent to well, well; or it is so, the thing is done.
19. So so, much as it was ; indiff"erently ; not well nor
much amiss. 20. So then, thus then it is ; therefore ; tlie
consequence is. Shak.
SoAK,v.t. [Sax. socian; W, swgiaw.] 1. To steep; to
cause or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance has im-
bibed what it can contain ; to macerate in water or othei
fluid. 2. To drench ; to wet thoroughly. 3. To draw in
by the pores ; as the skin. 4. To drain.
SoAK, V. i. 1. To lie steeped in water or other fluid. 2.
To enter into pores or interstices. 3. To drink intempf-r-
ately or gluttonously ; to drench.
SoAKED,^. Steeped or macerated in a fluid; drenched.
SoAK'ER, n. 1. One that soaks or macerates in a liquid.
2. A hard drinker ; [low.]
SoAK'ING, ppr. 1. Steeping ; macerating ; drenching ; im-
bibing. 2. a. That wets thoroughly.
SOAL of a shoe. See Sole.
SoAP, n. [Sax. sape ; D. zeep ; G. seife.] A compound of
oil and alkali, or oil and earth, and metallic oxyds ; used
in washing and cleansing, in medicine, &c.
SoAP, V. t. [Sax. sapare; D. zeep en ; G. self en.] To rub or
wash over with soap.
SoAP'BER-RY-TREE, n. A tree of the genus sapindus.
SoAP'-BOIL-ER, n. [soap and boiler.] One whose occupa-
tion is to make soap.
SoAP'STONE, n. Steatite ; a mineral.
SoAP'-SUDS, 71. Suds ; water well impregnated with soap.
SoAP'WoRT, 71. A plant of the genus saponaria.
SoAP'Y, a. 1. Resembling soap ; having the qualities of
soap ; soft and smooth. 2. Smeared with soap.
SoAR, V. i. [Fr. essorer ; It. sorare.] 1. To fly aloft ; to
mount upon the wing ; as an eagle. 2. To rise high ; to
mount ; to tower in thought or imagination ; to be sublime ;
as the poet or orator. 3. To rise high in ambition or hero^
ism. — 4. In general, to rise aloft ; to be lofty.
S6AR. See Sore.
Soar, n. a towering flight. Milton.
SoAR'ING, ppr. Mounting on the wing ; rising aloft ; tow-
ering in thought or mind.
SoAR'ING, n. The act of mounting on the wing, or of
towering in thought or mind ; intellectual flight.
SOB, V. i. [Sax. seobgend.] To sigh with a sudden heaving
of the breast, or a kind of convulsive motion ; to sigh
with deep sorrow or with tears.
SOB, 71. A convulsive sigh or catching of the breath in
sorrow ; a convulsive act of respiration obstructed by
sorrow. Dryden.
f-SOB, z). t. To soak. Mortimer.
SOB'BING, ppr. Sighing with a heaving of the breast.
SO'BER, a. [Fr. sobre ; It. sobrio ; L. sobrius ; D. sober.]
1. Temperate in the use of spirituous liquors ; habitually
temperate. 2. Not intoxicated or overpowered by spirit-
uous liquors ; not drunken. 3. Not mad or insane ; not
wild, visionary or heated with passion ; having the regu-
lar exercise of cool, dispassionate reason. 4. Regular ;
calm; not under the influence of passion. 5. Serious;
solemn ; grave ; as, the sober livery of autumn.
So'BER, V. t. To make sober ; to cure of intoxication.
So'BERED, pp. Made sober.
So'BER-LY, adv. 1. Without intemperance. 2. Without
enthusiasm. 3. Without intemperate passion ; coolly ;
calmly ; moderately. 4. Gravely ; seriously.
So'BER-MlND-ED, a. Having a disposition or temper ha-
bitually sober, calm and temperate.
So'BER -MiND-ED-NESS, n. Calmness; freedom from
jnordinate passions ; habitual sobriety. Porteus
So'BER-NESS, 71. 1. Freedom from intoxication ; temper-
ance. 2. Gravity ; seriousness. 3. Freedom from heat
and passion ; calmness ; coolness.
SO-BRl'E-TY, 71. [Fr sobriete ; L. sobrietas.J 1. Habitual
soberness or temperance in the use of spirituous liqnors.
2. Freedom from intoxication. 3. Habitual freedom from
enthusiasm, inordinate passion or overheated imagination ;
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :— t Obsolete
i
SOD
769
SOI
calmness ; coolness. 4. Seriousness ; gravity without
sadness or melancholy.
SOe, n. [Sax. soc] 1. Properly, the sequela, secta or suit,
or the body of suitors ; hence, the power or privilege of
holding a court in a oistrict, as in a manor ; jurisdiction
of causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction. 2. Liberty
or privilege of tenants excused from customary burdens.
3. An exclusive privilege claimed by millers of grinding
all the corn used within the manor or township in which
the mill stands. Grose,
SOG'AGE, n. [from soc, a privilege.] In English law, a
tenure of lands and tenements by a certain or determinate
service ; a tenure distinct from chivalry or knight's ser-
vice, in which the render was uncertain. Blackstone,
S0C'A-6ER, n. A tenant by socage ; a socman.
SO-CI-A-BIL'I-TY, (so-she-a-bil'e-ty) n. [Fr. sociaUlite.]
Sociableness ; disposition to associate and converse with
others ; or the practice of familiar converse.
" SO'CIA-BLE, a. [Fr. sociable ; L. sociabilis.] 1. That may
be conjoined ; fit to be united in one body or company.
2. Ready or disposed to unite in a genera! interest. 3.
Ready and inclined to join in company or society ; or fre-
quently meeting for conversation. 4. Inclined to converse
when in company ; disposed to freedom in conversation.
5. Free in conversation ; conversing much or famil-
iarly.
* So'CIA-BLE, n. A kind of less exalted phaeton, with two
seats facing each other, and a box for the driver. Mason.
* So CIA-BLE-NESS, n. Disposition to associate ; inclination
to company and converse ; or actual frequent union in so-
ciety or free converse.
* So'CIA-BLY, adv. In a sociable manner ; with free inter-
course 5 conversibly ; familiarly; as a companion.
SO'CIAL, (so'shal) a, [L. socialis.] 1. Pertaining to socie-
ty ; relating to men living in society, or to the public as an
aggregate body. 2. Ready or disposed to mix in friendly
converse ; companionable. 3. Consisting in union or
mutual converse. 4. Disposed to unite in society.
SO-CI-AL^I-TY, n. Socialness; the quality of being social.
So'CIAL-iZE, V. t. To reduce to a social state.
So'CIAL-LY, ado. In a social manner or way.
So'CIAL-NESS, n. The quality of being social.
■^ SO'CIATE, V. i. To associate ; to mix with company.
Shelford.
SO-Cl'E-TY, n. [Fr. societe ; Sp. soeiedad ; It. societd ; L.
societas.] 1. The miion of a number of rational beings ;
or a number of persons united, either for a temporary or
permanent purpose. 2. Any number of persons associated
for a particular purpose, whether incorporated by law. or
only united by articles of agreement ; a fraternity. ' 3.
Company ; a temporary association of persons for profit
or pleasure. 4. Company ; fellowship. 5. Partnership ;
fellowship ; union on equal terms. 6. Persons living in
the same neighborhood, who frequently meet in company
and have fellowship. — 7. In Connecticut, a number of
families united and incorporated for the purpose of sup-
porting public worship, is called an ecclesiastical society.
SO-CIN'I-AN, a. [from Socinus.^ Pertaining to Socinus or
his religious creed.
SO-CIN'I-AN, n. One of the followers of Socinus.
SO-CIN'I-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Socinus.
SOCK, 71. [Sax. socc ; L. soccus ; Sw. socka ; G. soclce.] 1.
The shoe of the ancient actoi-s of comedy. 2. A garment
for the foot, like the foot of a stocking. 3. A ploughshare.
SOCK'ET, ?i. [Ir. soicead.] 1. The little hollow tube or
place in which a candle is fixed in the candlestick. 2.
Any hollow thing or place which receives and holds
something else.
SOCK'ET-CHIS-EL, n. A chisel made with a socket.
SOCK'LESS, a. Destitute of socks or shoes. Beaumont.
So'CLE, n. In architecture, a flat square member under the
bases of pedestals of vases and statues, serving as a foot
or stand.
SOCMAN, Ji. One who holds lands or tenements by socage.
t SOCMAN-RY, ?i. Tenure by socage. Cowel.
t SOCOME, 71. A custom of tenants to grind corn at the
lord's mill. Cowel.
S0€'0-TO-RINE, I a. Socotorine or Socot.rine aloes, a fine
SOe'O-TRINE, ) kind of aloes from Socotra.
SO-€RAT'I€, I a. Pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian
SO-CRAT'I-CAL, ) sage, or to his manner of teaching.
SO-€RAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the Socratic metho*'
ROC'RA-TISM, 77. The philosophy of Socrates.
SO€'RA-TIST, 71. A disciple of Socrates. Martin.
SOD, 7t. [D. loode ! G. sode.] Turf; sward; that stratum
of earth on the surface which is filled with the roots of
grass.
SOD, a. Made or consisting of sod.
SOD, V. t. To cover with sod ; to turf.
SOD, pret. of seeihe ,• also the passive participle.
So'DA, n. [G. soda ; D. souda ; It. soda.] Mineral fixed
alkali ; natron ; so called because it forms the basis of
marine salt.
SO'DA-LITE, n. A mineral.
SO-DAL'I-TY, n. [L. sodalitas.l A fellowship or fratef
nity. ^
So'DA- WA-TER, n. A very weak solution of soda in
water supersaturated with carbonic acid.
SOD'DEN, pp. of seethe. Boiled ; seethed.
SOD'DY, a. Turfy ; consisthig of sod ; covered with sod.
SOD'ER, V. t. [W. sawd, sawdriaw ; Fr. souder ; It. sod
are.] To unite and make solid, as metallic substances
to join separate things or parts of the same thing by a me-
tallic substance in a state of fusion.
SOD'ER, n. Metallic cement ; a metal or metallic compo-
sition used in uniting other metallic substances.
So'DI-UM, n. The metallic base of soda. Davy.
SOD'OM-ITE, 71. I. An inhabitant of Sodom. 2. One
guilty of sodomy.
SOD'O-MY, n. A crime against nature.
SoE, 71. [Scot, sae.] A large wooden vessel for holding
water ; a cowl. [Local.] More.
SO-EV'ER, so and ever, found in compounds, as in whosoev-
er, whatsoever, leheresoever. See these words.
So'FA, n. [probably an oriental word. Q,u. Sw. sufva.] An
elegant long seat, usually with a stulfed bottom.
SO-FETT'EJNf, n. A small sofa.
SOF'FJT, 71. [It. soffitta.] 1. In architecture, any timber
ceiling formed of cross beams, the compartments of which
are enriched with sculpture, painting or gilding 2. The
under side or face of an architrave, enriched with com-
partments of roses.
SOFT, a. [Sax. softe, softa.] 1. Easily yielding to pres-
sure ; the contrary of hard. 2. Not hard ; easily separat-
ed by an edged instrument. 3. Easily worked ; malleable.
4. Not rough, rugged or harsh ; smooth to the touch ; del-
icate. 5. Delicate ; feminine. 6. Easily yielding to
persuasion or motives ; flexible ; susceptible of influence
or passion. 7. Tender ; timorous. 8. Mild ; gentle ;
kind ; not severe or unfeeling. 9. Civil ; complaisant ;
courteous. 10. Placid ; still ; easy. 11. Effeminate ;
viciously nice. 12. Delicate ; elegantly tender. 13.
Weak ; impressible. 14. Gentle ; smooth or melodious to
the ear ; not loud, rough or harsh. 15. Smooth ; flowing ;
not rough or vehement. 16. Easy ; quiet ; undisturbed.
17. Mild to the eye; not strong or glaring. 18. Mild;
warm ; pleasant to the feelings. 19. Not tinged with an
acid ; not hard ; not astringent. 20. Mild ; gentle ; not
rough, rude or initating.
SOFT, adv. Softly ; gently ; quietly.
SOFT, exclam. for be soft, hold ; stop ; not so fast.
SOFT'EN, (sof'n) v. t. 1. To make soft or more sofl; ; to
make less hard. 2. To mollify ; to make less fierce or
intractable ; to make more susceptible of humane or fine
feelings. 3. To make less harsh or severe. 4. To palli-
ate ; to represent as less enormous. 5. To make easy ;
to compose ; to mitigate ; to alleviate. 6. To make calm
and placid. 7. To make less harsh, less rude, less offen-
sive or violent. 8. To make less glaring. 9. To make
tender ; to make effeminate ; to enervate. 10. To make
less harsh or grating.
SOFT'EN, (sof'n) v.i. 1. To become less hard; to become
more pliable and yielding to pressure. 2. To become less
rude, harsh or cruel. 3. To become less obstinate or ob-
durate ; to become rciore susceptible of humane feelings and
tenderness ; to relent. 4. To become more mild. 5. To
become less harsh, severe or rigorous.
SOFT'ENED, pp. Made less hard or less harsh ; made less
obdurate or cruel, or less glaring.
SOFT'EN-ING, ppr. Making' more soft ; making less rough
or cruel, &c.
SOFT'EN-ING, n. The act of making less hard, less crue\
or obdurate, less violent, less glaring, &c.
SOFT'-HEART-ED, a. Having tenderness of heart; sus-
ceptible of pity ; gentle ; meek.
SOFT'LING, n'. An eflfeminate person. [Little used.]
SOFT'LY, adv. 1. Without hardness. 2. Not with force
or violence ; gently. 3. Not loudly ; without noise. 4.
Gently; placidly. 5. Mildly ; tenderly.
SOFT'NER, n. 1. He or that which softens. 2. One that
palliates. Swift.
SOFT'NESS, n. 1. The quality of bodies which renders
them capable of yielding to pressure ; opposed to hardness.
2. Susceptibility of feeling or passion. 3. Mildness ;
kindness. 4. Mildness ; civility ; gentleness. 5. Effem-
inacy ; vicious delicacy. 6. Tim-.jrousness ; pusillanimity ;
excessive susceptibility of feat or alarm. 7. Smoothness
to the ear. 8. Facility; gentleness; candor; easiness to
be affected. 9. Gentleness, as contrary to ijeAeTKeTice. 10.
Mildness of temper ; meekness. 11. Weakness ; sim-
plicity. 12. Mild temperature.
SOG'GY, a. [allied, probably, to soak ; W. soeg.] 1. Wet ;
filled with water ; soft with moisture. 2. Streammg with
damp.
SO-HO, exclam. A word used in calling from a distant place j
a sportsman's halloo. Shak. ^
SOIL, V. t. [Sax. selan, sylian ; Dan. sSler ; Sw. sola; Fr
salir, souiller.] 1. To make dirty on the surface ; to foul j
«ee Synopsis. MOVE, BgOK, D6VE ;— BULJ UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
SOL
770
SOL
to dirt ; to stain ; to defile ; to tarnish ; to sully. Milton.
2. To cover or tinge with any thing extraneous. 3. To
dung; to manure. — To soil a horse, is to purge liim by
giving him fresh grass. — To soil cattle, in husbandry, is to
feed them with grass daily mowed for them, instead of
pasturing them.
SOIL, 71. [G. siile.] 1. Dirt; any foul matter upon another
substance ; foulness ; spot. 2. Stain ; tarnish. 3. The
upper stratum of the earth 3 the mold. 4. Land; country.
5. Dung ; compost. — To take soil, to run into the water,
as a deer when pursued.
SOILED, pp. Fouled ; stained ; tarnished ; manured ; fed
with grass.
SOIL'I-NESS, n. Stain ; foulness. [Little used.] Bacon.
SOlTu'TNG, ppr. Defiling; fouling; tarnishing; feeding
with fresh grass ; manuring.
SOIL'IXG, n. The act or practice of feeding cattle or
horses with fresh grass, instead of pasturing them.
SOILLESS, a. Destitute of soil. Bigsbij.
[■SOIL'URE, 71. [Fr. souillure.] Stain; pollution. SJiak.
*=So'J6URN, or SO-JoURN', (so'jurn, or so-jum') v. i. [Fr.
sejnurner.] To dwell for a time ; to dwell or live in a place
as a temporary resident, or as a stranger, not considering
the place as his permanent habitation.
*So JoUEN,7!. A temporary residence, as that of a traveler
in a foreign land. Milton.
*So J6URi\-EE, 71. A temporary resident; a stranger or
traveler who dwells in a place for a time.
* SO'JoURN-ING, ppr. Dwelling for a time.
*So'J6URN-IJVG, 7i. The act of dwelling in a place for a
time ; also, the time of abode. Ex. xii.
* SO'JoURN-MENT, n. Temporary residence, as that of a
stranger or traveler. Walsh.
SOL, n. [Norm, soulze, soulds, scuz ; from L. solidus.'] 1.
In France, a small copper coin ; a penny; usually sou or
sous. 2. A copper coin and money of account m Switzer-
land.
SoL, 71. [It.] The name of a note in Tnusic.
BOL'ACE, V. t. [It. sollazzare ; L. solatium.] 1. To cheer
in grief or under calamity ; to comfort ; to relieve in af-
fliction ; to console. 2. To allay ; to assuage.
tSOL'ACE, V. i. To take comfort ; to be cheered or relieved
in grief. Shak.
SOL'ACE, n. [It. sollazzo ; L. solatium.] Comfort in
grief ; alleviation of grief or anxiety ; also, that which
relieves in distress ; recreation.
SOL' AGED, pp. Comforted ; cheered iu affliction.
SOL'A-CING, ppr. Relieving grief; cheering in affliction.
f SO-La'CIOUS, a. Affording comfort or amusement.
SO-LAND'ER, 7i. [Fr. soulandres.] A disease in horses.
So'LAJV-GOOSE, n. The gannet, an aquatic fowl found on
the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland.
SO-La'NO, n. A hot S. E. wind in Spain.
So'LAR, a. [Fr. solaire : L. Solaris.] 1. Pertaining to the
sun, as the solar system ; or proceeding from it. — 2. In
astrolosy, borii under the predominant influence of the
sun ; [obs.] Dryden. 3 Measured by the progress of the
sun, or by its revolution.
Sold, pret. and pp. of sell.
t Sold, ». [Norm, soude.] Salary ; military pay. Spenser.
SOL'DAN, for sultan, not in use. Milton.
SOL'DA-NEL, n. [L. soldanella.] A plant.
* SOL'DER, V. t. [from L. solido, solidus.] To unite by a
metallic cement. See Sober.
* SOL'DER, 77. A metallic cement. See Soder.
SOLDTER, (sol'jur) n. [Fr. soldat ; Norm, soudeyer, sou-
diers : It. soldato ; Sp. soldado.] I. A man engaged in
military service ; one whose occupation is military ; a
man enlisted for service in an army ; a private, or one in
the ranks. 2. A man enrolled for service when on duty
or imbodied for military discipline ; a private. — 3. Em-
phaticallii, a brave warrior ; a man of military experience
and skill, or a man of distinguished valor.
fSoLD'IER-ESS, 71. A female soldier. Beaumont.
SoLD'IER-LlKE, ) a. Like or becoming a real soldier ;
SoLD'IER-L^, \ brave ; martial ; heroic ; honorable.
SoLD'IER-SHIP, 71. limitary qualities ; military character
or state ; martial skill ; behavior becoming a soldier.
SoLD'IER-Y, 71. 1. Soldiers coUectively ; the body of mili-
tary men. 2. Soldiership ; military service ; [obs.]
SOLE, 71. [Sax. sol ; D. zool ; G. soJde ; Dan. sole ; Fr. sole.]
1. The bottom of the foot ; and, by a figure, the foot itself.
2. The bottom of a shoe ; or the piece of leather which
constitutes tlie bottom. 3. The part of any thing that
forms the bottom, and on which it stands upon the ground.
4. A marine fish. — 5. In ship building, a sort of lining,
used to prevent the wearing of any thing. 6. A sort of
horn under a horse's hoof.
SOLE, V. t. To furnish with a sole ; as, to sole a shoe.
SOLE, a. [L. solus ; Fr. seul ; It., Sp. solo.] 1. Single ;
being or acting without another ; individual ; only. — 2. In
law, single ; unmarried ; as afemme sole.
SOL'E-CISM, n. [Gr. coXoLKicjjiog.] 1. Impropriety in
language, or a gross deviation from the rules of syntax ; I
incongruity of words ; want of correspondence or consist
ency. 2. Any unfitness, absurdity or impropriety.
SOL'E-CIST, n. [Gr, ao\oiKL(rros.] One who is guilty of im-
propriety in language. Blackwall.
SOL-E-CIST'I€, I a. Incorrect ; inconpuous. John-
SOL-E-CIST'I-CAL, \ son.
SOL-E-CIST'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a solecistic manner.
SOL'E-CIZE, V. i. [Gr. o-oXot/ci^w.] To commit solecism
SoLE'LY, adv. Singly ; alone ; only ; without another.
SOL'EMN, (sol'em) a. {Fr. solennel ; It. solenne ; Sp. solem
ne ; L. soLennis.] 1. Anniversary ; observed once a year
with religious ceremonies. 2. Religiously grave ; marked
with pomp and sanctity ; attended with religious rites. 3.
Religiously serious ; piously grave ; devout ; marked by
reverence to God. 4. Affecting with seriousness ; impress-
ing or adapted to impress seriousness, gravity or reverence ;
sober ; serious. 5. Grave ; serious ; or affectedly grave.
6. Sacred ; enjoined by religion ; or attended with a seri-
ous appeal to God. 7. Marked with solemnities.
SOL'EM-NESS, ?i. 1. The state or quality of being solemn ;
reverential manner ; gravity. 2. Solemnity ; gravity of
manner. Wotton.
SO-LEM'NI-TY, 7!. [Yr.solemnite.] 1. A rite or ceremony
annually performed with religious reverence. 2. A re-
ligious ceremony ; a ritual performEmce attended with
religious reverence. 3. A ceremony adapted to impresf
awe. 4. Manner of acting awfully serious. 5. Gravity;
steady seriousness. 6. Affected gravity.
SOL-EM-NI-Za'TION, n. The act of solemnizing.
SOL'EM-NiZE, T.t. [Fr. solenniser ; It. solennizzare.] 1,
To dignify or honor by ceremonies ; to celebrate. 2. T«
perform with ritual ceremonies and respect, or according
to legal forms. 3. To perform religiously once a year. 4
To make grave, serious and reverential ; as, to solcmnizt
the mind for the duties of the sanctuary ; [this use of tht
word is well authorized in the United States.]
SOL'Ej\I-NiZ-ER, n. One who performs a solemn rite oi
ceremony. Clarke.
SOL'EMN-LY, adv. 1. With gravity and religious reverence
2. With olficial formalities and by due authoritj^ 3. With
formal state. 4. With formal gravity and stateliness, oi
jvith affected gravity. 5. With religious seriousness.
SoLE'NESS, 71. Singleness ; a state of being imconnecte^
jvith others. Dering.
So'LEN-ITE, n. Petrified solen, a genus of shells.
SoL-Fa, v. i. To pronounce the notes of the gammut
ascending or descending, ut, re', mi, fa, sol, la, and e con-
verso.
SO-LICIT, V. t. [L. solicito ,• Fr. solliciter ; It. sollecitare.]
1. To ask v/ith some degree of earnestness ; to make pe-
tition to ; to apply to for obtaining something. This word
implies earnestness in seeking, but I think less earnestness
than beg, implore, entreat and importune, and more than
ask or request ; as when we say, a man solicits the minis-
ter for an office ; he solicits his father for a favor. 2. To
ask for with some degree of earnestness ; to seek by peti-
tion. 3. To awake or excite to action ; to summon ; to
invite. 4. To attempt ; to try to obtain. 5. To disturb ;
to disquietj a Latinism, rarely used.
SO-LIC-I-Ta'TION, 72. 1. Earnest request ; aseekhig to ob-
tain something froui another with some degree of zeal and
eatnestncss. 2. Excitement ; invitation.
SO-LIC'IT-ED, pp. Earnestly requested.
SO-LIC'IT-ING, ppr. Requesting with earnestness ; asking
for ; attempting to obtain.
SO-LIC'IT-OR, n. [Fr. solliciteur.] 1. One who asks with
-earnestness ; one that asks for another. 2. An attorney,
advocate or counselor at law who is authorized to prac-
tice in the English court of chancery. — In America, an
advocate or counselor at law, who, like the attorney-gen-
eral or state 's-attorney, prosecutes actions for the state.
SO-LICIT-OR-GEN'ER-AL, 7i. A lawyer in Great Britain,
who is employed as counsel for the queen.
SO-LICIT-OUS, a. [1.. solicitus.] I. Careful; anxious;
very desirous, as to obtain something. 2. Careful ; anx-
ious ; concerned ; as respecting an unknown but interest-
ing event. 3. Anxious; concerned; followed by /or, as
when something is to be obtained.
SO-LIC'IT-OUS-LY, adv. Anxiously ; with care and con-
cern.
SO-LICI-TRESS, n. A female who solicits or petitions,
SO-LIC'I-TUDE, 72. [1,. solicitudo.] Carefulness ; concern j
anxiety ; uneasiness of mind.
SOL'ID, a. [L. solidus : Fr. solidc ,• It., Sp. solido.] 1. Hard ;
firm ; compact ; having its constituent particles so close
or dense as to resist the impression or penetration of other
bodies, 2. Not hollow ; full of matter. 3. Having all
the geometrical dimensions ; cubic. 4. Firm ; compact ;
strong. 5. Sound ; not weakly. 6. Real ; sound ; valid ;
true ; just ; not empty or fallacious. 7. Grave ; profound ;
not light, trifling or superficial. — 8. In botany, of a fleshy,
uniform, undivided substance, as a bulb or root.
SOL'ID, V. A firm, compact body.
SOL'I-DATE, «. i. [L. solido.] To make solid or firm. [L. m.]
See Synopsis a E, I, O, U, Y, Zona-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— Pi?,', MARINE BIRD — ^Obsolete
SOL
771
SON
PO-LID-T-FI-€a TION, n. The act of making solid.
SO-LID'I-FIED, pp. Made solid.
SO-LID'I-FY, t7 «. 11.. eolidua and facio.] To make solid
or compact.
SO-LID'I-Fy-ING, ppr. Making solid.
SO-LID'I-Ti^, 71. [Fr. solidite ; L. soUditas.] 1. Firmness ;
hardness ; density ; compactness ; that quality of bodies
which resists impression and penetration. 2. Fulness of
matter. 3. Moral firmness ; soundness ; strength ; valid-
ity ; truth J certainty. — 4. In ^eomeiri/, the solid contents
of a body.
SOL'ID-LY, adu. 1. Finnly ; densely ; compactly. 2. Firm-
ly ; truly ; on firm grounds. Digbij.
SOL'ID-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being firm, dense or
compact : firmness ; compactness 5 solidity. 2. Sound-
ness ; strength ; truth ; validity.
SOL-I-DUN'GU-LOUS, a. [L. solidtis and un^ula.] Hav-
ing hoofs that are whole or not cloven. Barrow.
SOL-I-FID'I-AN, 71. [h. solus and fides.] One who main-
tains that faith alone, without works, is necessary to jus-
tification.
SOL-I-FID I-AN, a. Holding the tenets of Solifidians.
SOL-I-FID'I-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of Solifidians.
SO-LIL'0-aUlZE, V. i. To utter a soliloquy.
SO-LIL'0-aUY, 71. [Fr. soliloque ; It., Sp. soliloquio.] 1.
A talking to one's self; a talking or discourse of^a person
alone, or not addressed to another person, even when
others are present. 2. A written composition, reciting
what it is supposed a person speaks to liimself.
SOL'I-PED, 71. [L. solus and pes.] An animal whose foot is
not cloven. Brown.
SOL-I-TaIRE', 72. [Fr. solitaire.] 1. A person who lives
in solitude ; a recluse ; a hermit. 2. An ornament for
the neck.
SOL-I-Ta'RI-AN, n. A hermit. Twisden.
SOL'I-TA-RT-LY, adv. In solitude ; alone.
SOL'I-TA-RI-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being alone ; for-
bearance of company ; retirement, or habitual retirement.
2. Solitude ; loneliness ; destitution of company or of an-
imated beings.
SOL'T-TA-RY, a. [Fr, solitaire ; L. solitarius.] 1. Living
alone ; not having company. 2. Retired ; remote from
society ; not having company, or not much frequented.
3. Lonely ; destitute of company. 4. Gloomy ; sini ;
dismal. 5. Single. — 6. In botany, separate ; one only in
a place.
SOL'I-TA-RY, 71. One that lives alone or in solitude ; a her-
mit; a recluse. Pope.
SOL'I-TUDE, 71. [Fi.; 'L.soUtudo.] 1. Loneliness ; a state
of being alone ; a lonely life. 2. Loneliness ; remoteness
from society ; destitution of company. 3. A lonely place ;
a desert. Pope.
SO-LIVA-GANT, a. [I-, solivagus.] Wandering alone.
jSOL'LAR, n. [Low L. solarium.] 4^ garret or upper
room.
SOL-MI-Za'TION, n. [from sol, mi.] A solfaing ; a rep-
_etition or recital of the notes of the gammut.
So'LO, n. [It.] A tune, air or strain to be played by a sin-
gle instrument, or sung by a single voice.
SOL'O-MON'S LEAF, n. A plant.
SOL'O-MON'S Seal, n. A plant. Fam. of Plants.
SOL'STlCE, 71. [Fr.; Ju. solstitium.] In astronomy, the -point
in the ecliptic at which the sun stops or ceases to recede
from the equator, either north in summer, or south in win-
ter ; a tropic, or tropical point.
SOL-STl"TIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a solstice. 2. Hap-
pening at a solstice ; usually, with us, at the summer sol-
stice or midsummer.
SOL-U-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of a body which renders
it susceptible of solution ; susceptibility of being dissolved
in a fluid.
SOL'U-BLE, a. [L. solubilis.] Susceptible of being dissolv-
ed in a fluid ; capable of solution.
So'LUND-GOOSE. See Solan-goose
SO-L"UTE', a. [L. soliLtus.] 1. Ina^-e?iera^ sense,
[obs.] — 2. In botany, loose ; not adhering.
•SO-LtJTE', V. t. To dissolve. Bacon.
free ■,_[obs.]-
SO-LU'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. soluzione ; Sp. sniucion.] 1.
The act of separating the parts of any body ; disruption ;
breach. 2. The operation or process of dissolving or
melting in a fluid. 3. Resolution ; explanation ; the act
of explaining or removing diificulty or doubt. 4. Re-
lease ; deliverance ; discharge. — 5. In algebra and geome-
try, the answering of a question, or tlie resolving of a
problem proposed.
SOL'U-TlVE, a. Tending to dissolve ; loosening ; laxa-
tive.
SOLV- A-BIL'I-TT, n. Ability to pay all just debts. Encyc.
SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be solved, resolved or ex-
plained. 2. That can be paid.
SOLVE, (solv) T.t. [Ij. soli-o ; Fr.soudre; It. solvere.] 1.
Properly, to loosen' or separate the parts of anything ;
hence, to explain ; to resolve ; to eclaircise ; to unfold ;
to clear up. 2. To remove ; to dissipate.
SOLVED, ;?p. Explained; removed.
SOLV'EN-CY, n. [L. solvens.] Ability to pay all debts or
just claims.
SOL- VEND', n. A substance to be dissolved. Kirwan.
SOLVENT, a. 1. Having the power of dissolving. 2
Able to pay all just debts. 3. Sufficient to pay all just
debts.
SOLVENT, n. A fluid that dissolves any substance is
called the solvent.
SOLVER, 71. Whoever or whatever explains or solves.
SOLVI-BLE, a. Solvable, which see.
tSO-MAT'I€, ) a. [Gr. c(j}ijaTLKoi.] Corporeal ; pertam-
t SO-MAT'I-€AL, ] ing to a body.
So'MA-TIST, 71. One Avho admits the existence of corpore-
al or material beings only ; one who denies the existence
of spiritual substances.
SG-MA-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. cwjia and \oyos ] The doctrine
of bodies or material substances.
SoM'BRE, \ a. [Fr. sombre.] Dull- dusky; cloudv ;
SoM'BER, \ gloomy.
SOM'BROUS, a. Gloomy Stephens.
SOME, (sum) a. [Sax. sum, sume.] 1. Noting a certain
quantity of a thing, but indeterminate ; a portion greater
or less. 2. Noting a number of persons or things, greater
or less, but indeterminate. 3. Noting a person or thing,
but not knov.'n, or not specific and definite. 4. Some is
often opposed to others. 5. Some is often used without a
noun, and then, like other adjectives, is a substitute for a
nouu. 6. Some is used as a termination of certain adjec-
tives, as in handsome, lonesome. In these words, some
has primarily the sense of little, or a certain degree.
SoME'BOD-Y", n. [some and body.] ]. A person unknown
or uncertain ; a person indeterminate. 2. A person of
consideration.
t SoME'DeAL, adv. [some and deal.] In some degree.
SoM'ER-SAULT, ) n. [Sp. sobresalir.] A leap by which a
SoM'ER-SET, ) person jumps from a height, turns
over his head and falls upon his feet.
SoME'HOW, adv. [some and hoio.] One way or other ; in
some way not yet known.
SoME'THING, n. 1. An indeterminate or unknown event
2. A substance or material thing, unknown, indetermi-
nate or not specified. 3. A part ; a portion more or less.
4. A little ; an indefinite quantity or degree. 5. Distance
not great. — 6. Something, used adverbially for in some,
degree ; as, he was something discouraged ; but the use is
not elegant.
SoME'TlME, ado. [some and time.] 1. Once; formerly
2. At one time or other hereafter [Sometime is really a
compound noun.]
SoME'TlMES, adv. [some and tim^s.] 1. At times ; at in
tervals ; not always ; now and tnen. 2. At one time.
SoME'WHAT, n. 1. Something, though uncertain what
2. More or less ; a certain quantity or degree, indetermi-
nate. 3. A part, greater or less.
SoME'WHAT, 0^1;. In some degree or quantity.
SoME'WHERE, adv. [some and where.] In some place, un-
known or not specified ; in one place or another.
t SOME' WHILE, adv [so7ne and zchile.] Once ; for a time.
SoiME'V/HITH-ER, adv. To some indeterminate place.
SOM'MITE, n. Nepheline, a mineral.
SOM-NAM-BU-La'TION, ?z. [L. somnus and ambulo.] The
act of walking in sleep, Beddoes.
SOM-NAM'BU-LISM, n. The act or practice of walking in
sleep. Danoin.
SOM-NAM'BU-LIST, 7!. A person who walks in his sleep
Portexis.
t SOM'NER, for summoner.
SOM-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. somnifer.] Causing or inducing
sleep ; soporiferous ; narcotic.
SOM-NIF'IC, a. [L. soinnus and facio.] Causing sleep ;
tending to induce sleep.
SOM'NO-LENCE, ) n. [Low L. somnolentia.] Sleepi-
SOM'NO-LEN-CY. \ ness ; drowsiness j inclination to
sleep.
SOM'NO-LENT, a. Sleepy ; drowsy ; inclined to sleep
S6N, 71. [Sax. sunn ; Goth, smius ; G. sohn ; D. zoort ; Sw.
son ; Dan. 5071.] 1. A male child; the male issue of a
parent, father or mother. 2, A male descendant, how-
ever distant. 3. The compellation of an old man to a
young one, or of a confessor to his penitent ; a term of af-
fection. 4. A native or inhabitant of a country. 5, The
produce of any thing. 6. One addpted into a family. 7.
One Who is converted by another's instrumentality is
called his soii. — 8. Son of pride, sons of light, son of Beli-
al, These are Hebraisms.
SO-NA'TA, n. [It.] A tune intended for an instrument
only, as cantata is for the voice.
SON'CY, or SON'SY, a. Lucky ; fortunate ; thiiving.
Orose.
SONG, 71. [Sax. song ; D. lang ; G. sang.] I. In general,
that which is sung or uttered with musical modulations
of the voice, whether of the human voice or thatof a bhrd.
Sec Synopsis MOVE, BOOK D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
SOP
772
SOR
2. A little poem to be sung, or uttered with musical mod-
ulations ; a ballad. 3. A hymn ; a sacred poem or hymn
to be sung either in joy or thanksgiving. 4. A lay ; a
strain ; a poem. 5. Poetry ; poesy ; verse. 6. Notes of
birds. 7. A mere trifle.
tSONG'ISH, a Consisting of songs. Dryden
SON'GOW, or SON'GAL, ?i. Gleaned corn. Brockett.
SONG'STER, 71. [5071^, and iSax. steora.] 1. One that
sings ; one skilled in singing ; not often applied to human
beings, or only in slight contempt. 2. A bird that sings ;
as, the little songster in his cage.
SONG-STRESS, 7z. A female singer. Thomson.
S,6N'-IN-LAW, 71. A man married to one's daughter,
f ON'NET, n. [Fr. ; It. sonetta ; Sp. soneta.] 1. A short
poem of fourteen lines, two stanzas of four verses each,
and two of three each, the rhymes being adjusted by a
particular rule. 2. A short poem.
SON'NET, V. i. To compose sonnets. Bp. Hall.
SON-NET-EER', 71. [Yr.sonnetier.} A composer of sonnets
or small poems ; a small poet ; usually in contempt.
SO-NOM'E-TER, n. [L. sonus, and Gr. //£Tp£w.] An instm-
ment for measuring sounds or the intervals of sounds.
SON-O-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sonus and fero.] That gives
sound ; sounding. Derham.
SOlsT-O-RIE'ie, a. [L. sonus and facia.] Producing sound.
S0-N5'R0US, a. [L. sojiorus.] 1. Giving sound when
struck. 2. Loud-sounding; giving a clearer loud sound.
3. Yielding sound. 4. High-sounding ; magnificent of
sound.
SO-NO'ROUS-LY, adv. With sound ; with a high sound.
SO-NO'ROUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of yielding sound
when struck, or coming in collision with anotlier body.
2. Having or giving a loud or clear sound. 3. Magnifi-
cence of sound.
SoN'SHIP, 71. ]. The state of being a son, or of having
the relation of a son. 2. Filiation ; the character of a
son.
SOON, adv. [Sax. sona; Goth, suns.] 1. In a short time ;
shortly after any time specified or supposed. 2. Early ;
without the usual delay ; before any time supposed. 3.
Readily ; willingly. — ^s soon as, so soon as, immediately
at or after another event.
tSOON, a. Speedy ; quick.
t SOON'LY, adv. auickly ; speedily.
SOOP'BER-RY, 71. A plant. Miller.
* loU-CHONG' I "• ^ ^^""^ «f ^^''''^ ^^^-
SOO'SOO, 71. Among the Bengalese, the name cf a cetaceous
fish, the delphinus gangeticus.
* SOOT, 71. [Sax., Sw. sot; Dan. sod, sood.] A black sub-
stance formed by combustion, rising in fine particles and
adhering to the sides of the chimney or pipe conveying
the smoke.
* SOOT, V. t. To cover or foul with soot.
t SOOTE, or SOTE, a. Sweet. See Sweet.
SOOT'ED, pp. Covered or soiled with soot. Mortimer.
S66T'ER-K1N, 71. A kind of false birth fabled to be pro-
duced by the Dutch women from sitting over their stoves.
Swift.
t SOOTH, 71. [Sa.x. soth; Ir. seadh.] 1. Truth; reality.
2. Prognostication. 3. Sweetness ; kindness. Shak.
t SOOTH, a. 1. Pleasing; delightful. 2. True; faithful.
hOOTRE, V. t. [Sax. gesothian.] 1 . To flatter ; to please
with blandishments or soft words. 2. To soften ; to
assuage ; to mollify ; to calm. 3. To gratify ; to please.
SOOTHED, pp. Flattered ; softened ; calmed" ; pleased.
SOOTH'ER, 71. A flatterer ; he or that which softens or as-
suages.
SOOTH'ING, ppr. Flattering ; softening ; assuaging.
SOOTH'ING-LY, adv. With flattery or soft words.
\ SOOTH'LY, adv. In truth ; really. Hales.
SOOTH'S AY, V. i. [sooth and saij.] To foretell ; to predict.
[Little used.]
SOOTH'SAY-ER, 7i. A foreteller ; a prognosticator ; one
who undertakes to foretell future events without inspira-
tion.
SOOTH'SAY-ING, ?i. 1. The foretelling of future events
by persons without divine aid or authority, and thus
distinguislied from prophecy. 2. A true saying ; tmth ;
[obs.]
*SOOT'I-NESS,7i. The quality of being sooty, or foul with
Soot ; fuliginousness.
*SOOT'ISH, a. Partaking of soot; like soot. Brown.
*SOOT'Y, a. [Sax. sotig.] 1. Producing soot 2. Consist-
in'g'of soot ; fuliginous. Wilkins. 3. Foul with soot. 4.
Black like soot ; dusky ; dark.
* SOOT'Y, V. t. To black or foul with soot. Chapman.
SOP, '71. [D., Sax. sop ; G. suppe ; Dan. suppe j Sw. soppa ;
Sp. sopai F. soupe.] 1. Any thing steeped or dipped
and softened in liquor, but chiefly somethuig thus dipped
in broth or liquid food, and intended to be eaten. 2. Any
thing given to pacify ; so called from the sop given to
Cerberus, in mythology. — Sop-in-wine, a kind of pink.
SOP, V. t. To steep or dip in liquor.
SOPE. See Soap.
SOPH, n. [L. sojyJdsta.] In colleges and universities, a bib-
dent in his second year ; a sophomore.
So'PHI, 71. A title ofthe king of Persia. Shak.
j SOPH'I-CAL, a. [Gr. ao^os.] Teaching wisdom.
SOPH'ISM, 71. [Fx. sopJnsme ; L. sophisma ; Gr. aofiarpa.]
A specious but fallacious argument ; a subtilty in reason-
ing.
SOPH'IST, n. [L. sophista ; Fr. sophiste ; It. sofista.] 1
A professor of philosophy. 2. A captious or fallacious
reasoner.
SOPH'IS-TER, n. 1. A disputant fallaciously subtil; an
artful but insidious logician. 2. A professor of philosophy ;
a sophist ; [obs.]
t SOPH'IS-TER, V. t. To maintain by a fallacious argu-
ment. Cobham.
SO-PHIST'ie, ) a. [Fr. sophistique ; It. sofistico.] Fal
SO-PHISTT-CAL, \ laciously subtil ; not sound.
SO-PHIST'I-€AL-LY, adv. With fallacious subtiltv.
SO-PHIST'I-CATE, v. t. [Fr. sophistiquer ; Sp. sofisticar
1. To adulterate ; to con'upt by something spurious o'
foreign ; to pervert. 2. To adulterate ; to render spuri-
ous.
SO-PHIST'I-€ATE, a. Adulterated ; not pure; not genu
ine.
S0-PHIS-TI-€a'TI0N,71. The act of adulterating ; a coun-
terfeiting or debasing the purity of something by a foreign
admixture ; adulteration.
SO-PHIST'I-€A-TOR, n. One that adulterates ; one who
injures the purity and genuineness of any thing by for-
eign admixtui-e.
SOPH'IS-TRY, 7J. 1. Fallacious reasoning; reasoning sound
in appearance only. 2. Exercise in logic.
SOPH'O-MORE, 71. A student in a college or university, in
his second year.
t So'PITE, V. t. To lay asleep. Cheyne.
tSO-Pl"TION, 71. [L. so^jjo, to lay asleep.] Sleep. Brown.
fSOP'O-RATE, V. t. [L. sopwo.] To lay asleep.
SOP-O-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. soporifer.] Causing sleep, or
tending to produce it ; narcotic ; opiate ; anodyne ; som-
niferous.
SOP-O-RIF'ER-OUS-NESS, 71. The quality of causing
sleep.
SOP-0-RIF'I€, <z, [L. sopor and /acio.] Causing sleep ; tend-
ing to cause sleep ; narcotic. Locke.
SOP-0-RIF'I€, n. A medicine, drug, plant or other thing
that has the quality of inducing sleep.
So'PO-ROUS, a. [L. soporus.] Causing sleep ; sleepy.
SOPPED, pp. [from sop.] Dipped in liquid food.
SOP'PER, n. One that sops or dips in liquor something to
be eaten. Johnson.
SORB, 71. [Fr. sorbe.] The service-tree or its fruit
SOR'BATE, 71. A compound of sorbic acid with a base.
SORB'ENT. See Absorbent.
SORB'ie, a. Pertaining to the sprbus or service-tree.
f SORB'lLE, a. [L. sorbeo.] That may be drank or sip-
ped.
t SOR-Bi"TION, 71. [L. sorbitio.] The act of drinking or
sipping.
SOR-BON'I-€AL, a. Belonging to a Sorbonist. Bale.
SOR'BON-IST, n. A doctor of the Sorbonne in the univer-
sity of Paris.
SORCER-ER, 71. [Fr. sorcier J A conjurer ; an enchanter ; a
magician.
SOR'CER-ESS, n. A female magician or enchantress.
SOR'CER-OUS, a. Contaiiung enchantments.
SOR'CE-RY, 71. Magic; enchantment; witchcraft; divina-
tion by the assistance of evil spirits.
SoRD, for sioard, is now vulgar. See Sward.
SORD'A-WAL-ITE, 71. A mineral.
SOR'DESjTi. [L.] Foul matter; excretions; dregs; filthy,
useless or rejected matter of any kind.
SOR'DET, or SOR'DINE, n. [Fr. sourdine ; It. sordina.] A
little pipe in the mouth of a trumpet to make it sound
lower or shriller.
SOR'DID, a. [Fr. sordide; It. sordido ; L. sordidus.] 1.
Filthy ; foul ; dirty ; gross ; [I. u.] 2. Vile ; base ; mean ;
as, vulgar, sor^fid mortals. 3. Meanly avaricious; cove-
tous ; niggardly.
SOR'DID-LY, adv. Meanly ; basely ; covetously.
SOR'DID-NESS, 71. 1. Filthiness ; dirtiness. Ray. 2
Meanness ; baseness. 3. Niggardliness.
SORE, n. [Dan. saar; D. zweer.] 1. A place in an animal
body where the skin and flesh are ruptured or bruised, so
as to be pained with the slightest pressure. 2. An ulcev ;
a boil. — 3. In Scripture, grief; afiliction. 2 Chron. vi
SORE, a. [Sax. sar ; D. zeer j G. sehr.] 1. Tender and
susceptible of pain from pressure. 2. Tender ; as the
mind ; easily pained, grieved or vexed ; very susceptible
of irritation from any thing that crosses the inclination
3. Affected with inflammation. 4. Violent with pain ;
* See Svnonsis. A, E I C, U, "?, lon-g.—YAV, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD — f Obsolete
SOT
773
SOU
severe j afflictive ; distressing. Shak. 5. Severe ; violent.
6. Criminal 5 evilj [obs.]
SORE, adv. 1. With painful violence ; intensely j severe-
ly; grievously. 2. Greatly; violently; deeply.
■f SORE, V. t. To wound ; to make sore. Spenser.
SORE, n. [Fr. sor-falcon. Todd.] I. A havv^k of the first
year. Spenser. 2. [Fr. saur.] A buck of the fourth year.
ISIiak.
SORE'HON, or SORN, n. [Irish and Scottish.] A kind of
servile tenure which subjected the tenant to maintain his
chieftain gratuitously, whenever he wished to indulge
himself in a debaucfi. So that when a person obtrudes
himself on another for bed and board, he is said to sorn,
or be a sorner. Spenser.
SOR'EL, n. [dim. of sore.] A buck of the third year.
SoRE'LY, adv. 1. With violent pain and distress ; griev-
ously ; greatly. 2. Greatly ; violently ; severely.
SoRE'NESSjW. 1. The tendernessof any partof an animal
body, which renders it extremely susceptible of pain from
pressure.— 2. Figuratively, tenderness of mind, or suscep-
tibility of mental pain.
SOR'GO, n. A plant of the genus 7toZc«5.
SO-Rl'TES, 71. [L.] In logic, an argument where one prop-
osition is accumulated on another.
SO-ROR'I-ClDE, n. [L, soror and ccedo.] The murder or
murderer of a sister. [L. u.]
(■SOR'RAGE, 71. The blades of green wheat or barley.
Diet.
SOR'RANCE) 71. In farriery, any disease or sore in horses.
SOR'REL, a. [Fr. saure, yellowish brown ; It. sauro.] Of
a reddish color.
SOR'REL, 71. A reddish color ; a faint red.
SOR'REL, n. [Sax. sur, sour ; Dan. syre.] A plant of the
genus rumex, so named from its acid taste.
SOR'REL-TREE, n. A species of andromeda.
SOR'RI-LY, adiK [from sorry.] Meanly ; despicably ; piti-
ably ; in a wretched manner. Sidney.
SOR'RI-NESS, 71. Meanness ; poorness ; despicableness.
SOR'RoW, n. [Sax. sorg ; Goth, saurga ; Sw., Dan. sorg.]
The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the
loss of any good, real or supposed, or by disappointment
in the expectation of good; grief; regret.
SOR'RoW, V. i. [Sax. sarian, sargian, sorgian ; Goth.
saurgan.] To feel pain of mind ; to grieve ; to be sad.
I SOR'RoVvED,^fi. Accompanied with sorrow. Shak.
SOR'RoW'FlJL, a. 1. Sad ; grieving for the loss of some
good, or on account of some expected evil. 2. Deeply
serious ; depressed ; dejected. 1 Sam. i. 3. Producing sor-
row ; exciting grief ; momnful. 4. Expressing grief ; ac-
companied with grief.
SOR'RoW-FUL-L'Y, adv. In a sorrowful manner; in a
inanner to produce grief.
SOR'RqW-FUL-NESS, n. State of being sorrowful ; grief.
SOR'RoW-ING, ppr. Feeling sorrow, grief or regret.
SOR'RoW-ING, 7t. Expression of sorrow. Browne.
SOR'RoW-LESS, a. Free from sorrow.
SOR'RY, a. [Sax. sarig, sari.] 1. Grieved for the loss of
some good ; pained for some evil that has happened to
one's self or friends or country. 2. Melancholy ; dismal.
3. Poor: mean; vile; worthless.
SORT, n'. [Fr. sorte ; It. sorta ; Sp. suerte ; Port, sorte ; G.
sorte ; S w., Dan. 5ori ,• L, sors.] 1. A kind or species;
any number or collection of individual persons or things
characterized by the same or like qualities. 2. Manner ;
form of being or acting. 3. Class or order. 4. Rank ;
condition above the vulgar ; [obs.] Shak. 5. A company
or knot of people; [obs.] 6. Degree of any quality. 7.
Lot ; [obs.] 8. A pair ; a set ; a suit.
SORT, V. t. 1. To separate, as things having like qualities
from other things, and place them in distinct classes or
divisions. 2. To reduce to order from a state of confu-
sion. 3. To conjoin ; to put together in distribution. 4.
To cull ; to choose from a number ; to select.
SORT, v.i. 1. To be joined with others of the same spe-
cies. 2. To consort ; to associate. 3. To suit ; to fit. 4.
[Fr. sortir.] To terminate ; to issue ; to have success ; [obs.]
5. To fall out ; [obs.]
SORT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be sorted. 2. Suitable ; be-
fitting. Bacon.
SORT'A-CLY, adv. Suitably ; fitly.
fSORT'AL, a. Pertaining to or designating a sort. Locke.
JSORT'ANCE, 7!. Suitableness; agreement. Shak.
SORT'I-LEGE, n. [Fr. ; L. sortilegium.] The act or prac-
tice of drawing lots. [Sortilegy is not used.]
SORT-I-Le'6T-OUS, a. Pertaining to sortilege. Daubiii.
SOR-TI"TION, n. [L. sortitio.] Selection or appomtment
by lot. Bp. Hall.
SORT'MENT, n. I. The act of sorting ; distribution into
classes or kinds. 2. A parcel sorted.
So'RY, n. A fossil substance; a sulphate of iron.
t SOSSj V. i. To fall at once into a chair or seat ; to sit
lazily Swift.
t SOSS, 71. A lazy fellow.
5K)T, 71. [Fr, sot ; Arm. sodt ; Sp. zote, iota ; Port, zote.]
1. A stupid person; a blockhead ; a du-. fellow ; a dolt.
2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking ; an habitual
drunkard.
SOT, V. t. To stupify ; to infatuate ; to besot. [L. u.]
SOT, V. i. To tipple to stupidity. [Little used.]
SOT'TISH, a. 1. Dull; stupid; senseless; doltish; very
foolish. SiDift. 2. Dull with intemperance.
SOT'TISH-LY, adv. Stupidly ; senselessly ; without reason.
SOT'TISH-NESS, n. 1. Dullness in the exercise of reason ;
stupidity. 2. Stupidity from intoxication.
Sou, (soo) n. ; plu. Sous. [Fr. sou, sol.] A French money
of account, and a copper coin, in value the 20th part of a
livre or of a franc. The singular is often spelled sous.
SOUCE. See Souse.
SOU'CHONG. See Sooshong.
t SOUGH, V. i. [Teut. soeffen.] To whistle ; applied to the
wivd. Hist, of the Royal Society.
SOUGH, (suf ) n. A subterraneous drain ; a sewer. [L. u.]
SOUGHT, (sawt) pret. and pp. of seek.
SoUL, n. [Sax. sawel, suwl, or saul ; G. seele ; B.ziel,
Dan. siel.] 1. The spiritual, rational and immortal sub-
stance in man, which distinguishes him from brutes; that
part of man which enables him to think and reason, and
which renders him a subject of moral government. 2.
The understanding ; the intellectual principle. 3. Vital
principle. 4. Spirit ; essence : chief part. 5. Life ; ani-
mating principle or part. 6. Internal power. 7. A hu-
man being; a person. 8. Animal life. 9. Active power.
10. Spirit; courage; fire; grandeur of mind. II. Gener-
osity; nobleness of mind; a colloquial use. 12. An intel-
ligent being. 13. Heart; affection. — 14. In Scripture,
appetite. Prov. xxvii. 15. A familiar compellation of a
person, but often expressing some qualities of the mind ;
as, he was a good soul.
t SoUL, V. t. To endue with a soul. Chaucer.
t SOUL, or t SOWL, v. i. [Sax. suji, sufel.] To aflTord suit-
able sustenance.
SoUL'-BELL, n. The passing bell. Hall.
SoUL-DE-STROY'ING, a. Pernicious to the soul.
t SoUL-DIS-eAS'ED, a. Diseased in soul or mind. Spenser.
SoULED, a. Furnished with a soul or mind. [Little %ised.]
Dryden
SoUL'LESS, a. Without a soul, or without greatness or
nobleness of mind ; mean ; spiritless. Shak.
SoUL'-S€OT, or SoUL'-SHOT, n. [soul and scot.] A
funeral duty, or money paid by the Romanists in former
times for a requiem for the soul.
SoUL'-SELL-ING, a. Selling persons ; dealing in the pur-
chase and sale of human beings. J. Barlow.
SoUL'-SI€K, a. [soul and sick ] Diseased in mind or soul ;
morally diseased. Hall.
SOUND, a. [Sax. sund ; D. gezond ; G. gesund ; Dan., Sw.
sund.] 1. Entire; unbroken; not shaky, split or defec-
tive. 2. Undecayed ; whole ; perfect, or not defective.
3 Unbroken ; not bruised or defective ; not lacerated or
decayed. 4. Not carious ; not decaying. 5. Not broken
or decayed ; not defective. 6. Whole ; entire ; unhurt ;
unmutilated. 7. Healthy; not diseased ; not being in a
morbid state; having all the organs complete and in per-
fect action. 8. Founded in truth ; firm ; strong ; valid ;
solid; that cannot be overthrown or refuted. 9. Right;
correct ; well founded ; free from error ; orthodox.
2 Tim. 1. 10. Heavy ; laid on with force. 11. Founded
in right and law ; legal ; valid ; not defective ; that can-
not be overthrown. 12. Fast; profound; unbroken; un-
disturbed. 13. Perfect, as intellect ; not broken or defec-
tive ; not enfeebled by age or accident ; not wild or wan-
dering ; not deranged.
SOUND, adv. Soundly; heartily. Spenser.
SOUND, 71. The air bladder of a fish.
SOUND, 71. [Sax. sund ; Sw., Dan. sund.] A narrow pas-
sage of water, or a strait between the main land and an
isle ; or a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea
or lake with the ocean.
SOUND, n. [Fr. sonde ; Sp. sonda.] An instrument which
surgeons introduce into the bladder, in order to discover
whether there is a stone in that viscus or not.
SOUND, V. t. [Sp. sondar, or sondear ,• Fr. sonder.] 1. To
try, as the depth of water and the quality of the ground,
by sinking a plummet or lead. 2. To introduce a sound
into the bladder of a patient, in order to ascertain whether
a stone is there or not. 3. To try ; to examine ; to dis-
cover or endeavor to discover that which lies concealed in
another's breast.
SOUND, V. i. To use the line and lead in searching the
depth of water.
SOUND, n. The cuttle fish. Ainsworth.
SOUND, 77. [Sax. son; W.swn; Ir. soin ; Fr. son ; It
suono ; Sp. son ; L. sonus.] 1. Noise ; report ; the object
of hearing ; that which strikes the ear 2. A vibration of
air caused by a collision of bodies or other means, suffi-
cient to affect the auditory nerves when perfect. 3
Noise without signification ; empty noise ; noise and
nothing else.
See Simopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; SasZ ; CHasSH; THasintAw. f Obsolete
sou
774
SOW
50UND, t i. 1. To make a noise ; to ytter a voice ; to
make an impulse of the air tJiat shall strike the organs of
jiearing with a particular effect. 2. To exhibit by sound
or likeness of sound. 3. To be conveyed in sound 5 to be
spread or published.
SOUND, V. t. 1. To cause to make a noise. 2. To utter
audibly 3 as, to sound a note with the voice. 3. To play
on. 4. To order or direct by a sound ; to give a signal
for, by a certain sound. 5. To celebrate or honor by
sounds ; to cause to be reported. 6. To spread by sound
or report ; to publish or proclaim.
SOUND'-BOARD, or SOUND'ING-BoARD, n. A board
which propagates the sound in an organ.
SOUND'ED, pp. 1. Caused to make a noise; uttered au-
diM.y. 2. Explored ; examined.
SOUND' ING, ppr. 1, Causing to sound ; uttering audibly.
2. Trying the depth of water by the plummet ; examining
the intention or will. 3. a. Sonorous 5 making a noise.
4 Having a magnificent sound,
SOUND'ING, n. 1. The act of uttering noise ; the act of
endeavoring to discover the opinion or desires ; the act
of throwing the lead. — 9. In surgery, the operation of in-
troducing the sound into the bladder.
SOUND'ING-BoARD, n. A board or structure with a flat
surface, suspended over a pulpit to prevent the sound of
the preacher's voice from ascending, and thus propagating
it farther in a horizontal direction.
SOUND'ING-ROD, n. A rod or piece of iron used to ascer-
tain the depth of water in a ship's hold.
SOUND'INGS, n. Any place or part of the ocean, where a
deep sounding line will reach the bottom.
SOUND'LESS, a. That cannot be fathomed ; having no
sound.
SOUND'LY, adv. I. Healthily ; lieartily. 2. Severely ;
lustily ; with heavy blows ; smartly. 3. Truly ; without
fallacy or error. 4. Firmly. Bacon. 5. Fast ; closely ;
so as not to be easily awakened.
SOUND'NESS, n. 1. Wholeness; entireness ; an unbro-
ken, unimpaired or undecayed state. 2. An unimpaired
state of an animal or vegetable body ; a state in which
the organs are entire and regularly perform their func-
tions. 3. Firmness ; strengfli ; solidity ; truth. 4. Truth ;
rectitude ; firmness ; freedom from error or fallacy ; or-
thodoxy.
SOUP, 7^. [Fr. soupe ; Sp. sopa ; G. suppe ; D. soep.] Broth ;
a decoction or flesh for food.
t SoUP, V. t. To sup ; to breathe out. Wicljffe.
t SOUP, V. t. To sweep. See Sweep and Swoop.
SOUR, a. [Sax. sur, surig ; G. sauer ; D. zuur ; Sw.sur;
Dan. sMwr ; Fr. sur, sure.] 1. Acid; having a pungent
taste ; sharp to the taste ; tart. 2. Acid and austere or
astringent. 3. Harsh of temper ; crabbed ; peevish ; aus-
tere ; morose. 4. AflSictive ; [obs.] 5. Expressing dis-
content or peevishness. C. Harsh to the feelings ; cold
and damp. 7. Rancid ; musty. 8. Turned, as milk ;
coagulated.
SOUR, n. An acid substance.
SOUR, V. t. 1. To make acid ; to cause to have a sharp
taste. 2. To make harsh, cold or unkindly. 3. To make
harsh in temper; to make cross, crabbed, peevish or dis-
contented. 4. To make uneasy or less agreeable. — 5. In
rural economy, to macerate, as lime, and render fit for
plaster or mortar.
SOUR, V. i. 1. To become acid ; to acquire the quality of
tartness or pungency to the taste. 2. To become peevish
or^crabbed.
* Source, n. [Fr. source.] 1. Properly, the spring or
fountain from which a stream of water proceeds, or any
collection of water within the earth or upon its surface, iii
which a stream originates. 2. First cause ; original ;
that which gives rise to any thing. 3. The first producer ;
he or that which originates.
SOUR'DET, n. [Fr. sourdine, from sourd, deaf.] The little
pipe of a trumpet.
SOUR'-DO€K, n. Sorrel, so called.
SOURED,_pp. Made sour ; made peevish.
SOUR'-GoURD, n. A plant of the genus adansoma.
SOUR'ING, ppr. Making acid ; becoming sour ; making
peevish.
SOUR'ING, n. That which makes acid.
SOUR'ISH, a. Somewhat sour ; moderately acid.
SOUR'LY, adv. 1. With acidity. 2. With peevishness;
with acrimony. 3. Discontentedly.
SOUR'NESS, n. 1. Acidity; sharpness to tire taste ; tart-
ness. 2. Asperity; harshness of temper.
SOUR'-SOP, n. A plant. The custard apple.
* SOUS, n. ; plu. of Sou, or Sol. See Sou.
SOUSE, n. [Ir. sousgeach.] 1. Pickle made with salt. 2.
Something kept or steeped in pickle. 3. The ears, feet,
&c. of swine; [.America.]
SOUSE, V. t. 1. To steep in pickle. 2. To plunge into
water.
SOUSE, V. i. To fall suddenly on ; to rusji with speed ; as
a hawk on its prey. Dryden.
SOUSE, V. t To strike with sudden violence. Shah
SOUSE, adv. With sudden violence. [ Fulgar.]
f SOU"! 'ER, n. [Sax. sutere ; L. sutor.] A shoemaker ,
t SOUT'ER-LY, adv. Like a cobbler.
SOUT'ER-RAIN, n. [Fr. ; that is, sub-terrain.] A grotto or
cavern under ground. [J\rot English.] .Mrbuthnot.
SOUTH, 71. [Sax.suthjG.sud; Dan. sucZ; ¥r. sud.] 1.
The north and south are opposite points in the horizon ;
each ninety degrees or the quarter of a great circle distant
from the east and west. — 2. In a less exact sense, any
point or place on the earth or in the heavens, which is
near the meridian towards th« right hand as one faces the
east. 3. A southern region, country or place. 4. The
wind that blows from the south : [obs.] Shak.
SOUTH, a. I. In any place nortJi of the tropic of Cancer^
pertaining to or lying in the meridian towards the sun.
2. Being in a southern direction.
SOUTH, adv. Towards tiie south ; as, a ship sails south.
* SOUTH-EAST', n. The point of the compass equally dis-
tant from the south and east. Bacon.
SOUTII-KAST', a. In the direction of southeast, or coming
from the southeast ; as, a southeast wind.
SOUTH-eAST'ERN, a. Towards the southeast.
* S6UTH'ER-LY, (suth'er-ly) a. 1. Lying at the south or
in a direction nearly south. 2. Coming from the south or
a point nearly south.
* SoUTH'ERN, (suth'ern) a. [Sax. suth and em.] 1. Be-
longing to the south ; meridional. 2. Lying towards the
south. 3. Coming from the south.
* S6UTH'ERN-LY, (sutri'ern-ly) adv. Towards the south.
* SoUTH'ERN-MoST, (sutli'ern-most) a. Furthest towards
the south.
=^ SoUTH'ERN-WOOD, (suth'ern-wood) n. A plant agree-
ing in most parts with tJ>e wormwood. Miller.
SOUTH'ING, a. Going towards the south. Dryden.
SOUTHING, 71. 1. Tendency or motion to tlie south. 2.
The southing of the moon, the tinie at which the moon
passes the meridian. 3. Course or distance south.
SOUTH'MoST, a. Furtliest towards the south.
SOUTH'SaY, ) c c
SOUTH'SaY-ER. \ ^'' SooTHSAV.
* SOUTH'WARD, (suth'ard) adv. Towards the south.
* SOUTH'WARD, (suth'ard) n. The southern regions or
countries. Raleigh.
SOUTH-WEST', 71. The point of the compass equally dis-
tant from the south and west. Bacon. *
SOUTH-WEST', a. 1. Lying in the direction of the south-
west. 2. Coming from tlie southwest.
SOUTH-WEST'ER-LY, a. 1. In the direction of south-
west, or nearly so. 2. Coming from the southwest, or a
point near it.
SOUTH-WEST'ERN, a. In the direction of southwest.
t SOUV'E-NANCE, n. [Fr.] Remembrance. Spenser
SOUV'E-NiR, n. [Fr.] A remembrancer.
SOV'ER-EIGK, ^ ,^„ , _ „, , ^ a. [Fr. souverain ; It. sov-
SUV'ER-AN, ^isuver-anj| rano;S^.,YorX. soberano.]
1. Supreme in power ; possessing supreme dominion. 2.
Supreme; superior to all others; chief. 3. Supremely
efiicacious ; superior to all others ; predominant ; effect-
ual. 4. Supreme; pertaining to the first magistrate of a
nation.
SoVER-EIGN, (suv'er-an) n. 1. A supreme lord or ruler;
one who possesses the highest authority without control.
2. A supreme magistrate ; a king. 3. A gold coin of
England, value 205. or $4,44.
t S6V'£R-EIGN-iZE, (suv'er-an-Ize) v. i. To exercise su-
preme authority. Herbert.
S6V'ER-EIGN-LY, (suv'er-an-ly) adv. Supremely ; in the
highest degree. [Little iLsed-.] Boyle.
S6V'ER-EIGN-TY, (suv'er-an-ty) n. Supreme power ; su-
premacy ; the possession of the highest power, or of un-
controllable power.
SOW, n. [Sax. suga; G. sau.] 1. The female of the hog
kind or of swine. 2. An oblong piece of lead. 3. An in
sect ; a milleped.
SOW'-BREAD, n. A plant of the genus c?/cZa7ne7i.
SOW'-BUG, n. An insect ; a milleped.
SOW'-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus sdnchus.
SoW, V. t. ; pret. sowed ; pp. sowed, or sown. [Sax. sawan ;
G.s'den; T)a.Ti. saaer.] 1. To scatter on ground, for the
purpose of growth and the production of a crop. 2. To
scatter seed over for growth. 3. To spread or to origi-
nate ; to propagate. 4. To supply or stock with seed.
_6. To scatter over ; to besprinkle.
Sow, V. i. To scatter seed for growth and the production
of a crop.
Sow, for sew, is not in use. See Sew.
SOWCE, for soMse. Sec Souse.
Sowed, pp. Scattered on ground, as seed.
SoW'ER, n. 1. He that scatters seed for propagation. 2.
One who scatters or spreads. 3. A breeder ; a promoter.
SOWING, ppr. Scattering, as seed ; sprinklmg with
seed.
* See Synffpsis. A E, T o, ^, ^', long.—FKR, FALL WH^lT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete
SPA
775
SPA
Sowing n The act ofscattering seed for propagation.
SOW'IJNS, n. Flummery made of oatmeal somewhat sour-
ed. Swift.
SOWL, V t. To pull by the ears. Sliak.
SoWNj f-p. Scattered, as seed ; sprinkled with seed
t SoWNE, V. i. To swoon. Minsheu.
SOY, n. A kind of sauce, used in Japan.
SOZ'ZLE, n. A sluttish woman, or one that spills water
and other liquids carelessly. [JVejo England.'j
SPAAD, (spade) n. [Sp. espato.] A kind of mineral ; spar.
SPACE, 71. [Fr. espace ; Sp. espacio ; It. spazio ; L. spa-
iium.] 1. Room ; extension. 2. Any quantity of exten-
sion. 3. The distance or interval between lines, as in
books. 4. Quantity of time ; also, the interval between
two points of time. 5. A short time ; a while.
t SPACE, V. i. To rove. Spenser.
SPACE, V. t. Among printers, to make spaces or wider in-
tervals between words or lines.
t SPaCE'FUL, a. Wide ; extensive. Sandys.
SPa'CIOUS, a. [Fr. spacieux ; Sp. spatioso ; It. spazioso ;
L. spatiosus.] 1. Wide ; roomy ; having large or ample
room ; not narrow. 2. Extensive ; vast in extent.
SPa'CIOUS-LY, adv. Widely ; extensively.
SPa'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Vv'ideness ; largeness of extent;
roominess. 2. Extensiveness 3 vastness of extent,
SPAD'DLE, n. [dim. of spade.] A little spade.
SPADE, 7! . [Sax. spad, spada ; G.spaten; B.spaade; Dan.,
Sw. spade.] 1. An instrument for digging, consisting of a
broad palm with a handle. 2. A suit of cards. 3. A deer
three years old ; written, also, spaid. 4. [L. sjjado.] A
gelded beast.
SPADE, V. t. To dig with a spade j or to pare off the sward
of land with a spade.
SPaDE-BONE, n. [spade dSiA bone.] The shoulder blade.
SPaDE FUL, n. As much as a spade will hold.
SPA-Dl"CEO[JS, a. [L,. spadiceus.] 1. Of a light-red color,
usually denominated hay. — 2. In botany, a spadiceous
flower is a sort of aggregate flower.
SPA-DILLE', (spa-dil') n. [Fr.] The ace of spade's at ombre.
SPa'DIX, n. [L.] In botany, tlie receptacle in palms and
some other plants, proceeding from a spathe.
SPA 'DO, 71. [L.] A gelding. Brown.
t SPA-6YR'I€, a. [L. spagzjricus.] Chemical.
t SPA-GYR'ie, 71. A chemist. Hail.
(• SPA6'YR-IST, 71. A chemist. Bojjlc.
SPa'HEE, ; 71. [Turk, sipahi ; Vers, sipahee.] One of the
SPa'HI, \ Turkish cavalry.
SPAKE, pret. of speak ,■ nearly obsolete ; now spoke.
SPALL, n. [Fr. cpaule ^ It. spalla.] 1. The slioulder. [Mot
English.] Fairfax. 2. A chip ; [obs.]
SPALT, / 71. A whitish, scaly mineral, used to promote the
SPELT, ^ fusion of metals. Bailey.
SPALT, a. [Dan. spalt, a split ; G. spalten, to split.] Crack-
ed, as timber. [JSTew England.]
SPAN, 71. [Sax., D. 5;>an ,• G. spanne.] 1. Tlie space from
the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger when
extended ; nine inches ; the eighth of a fatliom. 2. A
short space of time. — 3. A span of horses consists of two
of nearly the same color, and otherwise nearly alike,
which are usually harnessed side by side. The word sig-
nifies properly the same as yoke, when applied to horned
cattle, from buckling or fastening together. — 4. In sea-
Tnen's language, a small line or cord, the middle of which
is attached to a stay.
SPAN, V. t. 1. To measure by the hand with the fingers
extended, or with the fingers encompassing the object.
2. To measure.
SPAN, V. i. To agree in color, or in color and size ; as, the
horses span well. [JVew England.]
t SPAN, pret. of spin. We now use spnn.
SPAN'CEL, n. A rope to tie a cow's hind legs. [Local.]
Grose.
SPAN'CEL, v.t. To tie the legs of a horse or cow with a
rope. [Local.] Malone.
SPAN'COUN-TER, or SPAN'FAR-THING, n. A play at
which money is thrown within a span or circuit marked.
SPAN'DREL, 7). The space between the curve of an arch
and the right lines inclosing it.
t SPANE, V. t. [D, speenen.] To wean.
t SPANGj 71. [D. spange.] A spangle or shining ornament ;
a thin piece of metal or other shining material.
SPAN'GLE, n. I. A small plate or boss of shining metal ;
something brilliant used as an ornament. 2. Any little
thing sparlding and brilliant like pieces of metal ; as crys-
tals of ice.
SPAN'GLE, V. t. To set or sprinkle with spangles ; to adorn
with small, distinct, brilliant bodies.
SP4N'GLED, pp. Set with spangles.
SPAN'GLING, ppr. Adorning with spangles.
* SPAN'CEL, (span'yel) n. [Fr. epagneuL] 1. A dog used
in sports of tlie field, remarkable for his sagacity and obe-
dience. 2. A mean, cringing, fawning person.
* SPAN'IEL, (span'yel) a. Like a spaniel; mean; fawn-
ing. Shak.
* SPAN'IEL, (span'yel) v.i. To fawn; to cringe; to be
obsequious.
* SPAN'IEL, (span'yel) v. t. To follow like a spaniel.
SPAN'ISH, a. Pertaining to Spain.
SPAN'ISH, 71. The language of Spain.
SPAN'ISH-BROOM, n. A plant of the genus s^jartmTre.
SPAN'ISH-BROWN, n. A species of earth used in paints
SPAN'ISH-FLY, n. A fly or insect, the cantharis, used in
vesicatories, or compositions for raising blisters.
SPANISH-NUT, n. A plant. Miller.
SPAN'ISH-WHITE, n. A white earth use^d in paints.
SPANK, V. t. [W. pangc.] To strike with the open hand ;
to slap.
SPANK'ER, n. li A small coin.— 2. In seaTnen^s language,
a ship's driver; a large sail occasionally set upon the
mizzen-yard or gaff, the foot being extended by a boom
3. One that takes long strides in walking ; also, a stout
person.
SPANK'ING, ppr. 1. Striking with the open hand. 2. a
Large ; stout ; [vulgar.]
SPAN'-LONG, a. Of the length of a span. B. Jons on.
SPANNED, irp. Measured with the hand.
SPAN'NER, n. 1. One that spans. 2. The lock of a fusee
or carbine ; or tlie fusee itself. 3. A wrench or nut
screw-driver.
SPAN'-NEW, a. [G. span7ien.] Quite new.
SPANNING, ppr. Measuring with the hand ; encompass
ing with the fingers.
SPAR, 71. [D. spar ; G. sparren ; Dan. spar.] ]. A stone
that breaks into a regular shape ; marcasite. 2. A romid
piece of timber. 3. The bar of a gate ; [obs.]
t SPAR, V. t. [Sax. sparran ; G. sperren.] To bar; to shut
close or fasten with a bar. Chaucer.
SPAR, V. i. [Sax. spiria7i ; Ir. sparnam.] 1. To dispute ;
to quarrel in words ; to wrangle ; [thiis used i7i A7nerica.'\
9. To fight with prelusive strokes. Joh7ison.
t SPAR'A-BLE, n. [Ir. sparra.] Small nails.
SPAR'A-DRAP, n. In jJharinacy, a cerecloth.
SPAR'A-GUS I [^^^^^'■•] See Asparagus.
SPARE, V. t. [Sax. sparia7i ; D. spaaren ; G. sparen ; Dan.
sparer.] I. To use frugally ; not to be profuse ; not to
vi^aste. 2, To save or withhold from any particular tise
or occupation. 3. To part with without much incon-
venience ; to do without. 4. To omit ; to forbear. 5. To
use tenderly ; to treat with pity and forbearance ; to for-
bear to afflict, punish or destroy. 6. Not to take when in
one's power; to forbear to destroy. 7. To grant ; to al-
low ; to indulge. 8. To forbear to inflict or impose.
SPARE, V. i. 1. To live frugally ; to be parsimonious. 2.
To forbear ; to be scrupulous. 3. To be frugal ; not to be
profuse. 4. To use mercy or forbearance ; to forgive ; to
be tender.
SPARE, a. [Sax. spair^] 1. Scanty; parsimonious; not
abundant. 2. That can be dispensed with ; not wanted ;
superfluous. 3. Lean ; wanting flesh ; meager ; thin.
4. Slow.
t SPARE, 71. Parsinftony ; frugal use. Bacon.
SPARED, pp. Dispensed with; saved; forborne.
SPARE'LY, adv. Sparingly. jyiilto7i.
SPARE'NESS, 71. State of being lean or thin; leanness
SPaR'ER, 71. One that avoids unnecessary expense.
JVotton.
SPARE'RIB, 7?. The piece of a hog taken from the side,
consisting of the ribs with little flesh on them.
t SPAR-GE-FA€'TI0N, 71. [L.spargo.] The act of sprink-
ling.
SPAR'HAWK. See Sparrowhawe.
SPAR'ING, ppr. 1. Using frugally ; forbearing ; omitting
to punish or destroy. 2. a. Scarce ; little. 3. Scanty ;
not plentiful ; not abundant. 4. Saving ; parsimonious.
SPAR'ING-LY, ado. 1. Not abundantly. Shak. 2. Fru
gaily; parsimoniously; not lavishly. 3. Abstinently;
moderately. 4. Seldom ; not frequently. 5. Cautiously ;
tenderly.
SPAR'ING-NESS, 71. 1. Parsimony ; want of liberality.
2. Caution. Barrow.
SPARK, 71. [Sax. s^carc ,• B. spartelen.] 1. A small parti-
cle of fire or ignited substance, which is emitted from
bodies in combustion. 2. A small shining body or tran-
sient light. 3. A small portion of any thing active. 4. A
very small portion. 5. A brisk, showy, gay man. 6. A
lover.
t SPARK, V. i. To emit particles of fire ; to sparkle.
SPARK'FUL, a. Lively ; brisk ; gay. Camden.
SPARK'iSH, a. I. Airy ; gay, 2." Showy ; well dressed ;
fine.
SPAR'KLE, n. 1. A spark. 2, A luminous particle.
SPAR'KLE, V i. [D. spartelen.] L To emit sparks ; to send
off small ignited particles ; as burning fuel, &c. 2. To
glitter ; to glisten. 3. To twinkle ; to glitter. 4. To glis-
ten ; to exhibit an appearance of animation. 5. To emit
little bubbles, as spiritous liquors.
t SPAR'KLE, v.t. To throw about ; to scatter. Sackville.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete
SPE
776
SPE
SPXRK'LER, n. He or that which sparkles ; one whose
eyes sparkle. Addison.
SPAEK'LET, n. A small spark. Cotton.
fSPARK'LI-NESS, n. Vivacity. Aubrey.
SPXRK'LING. ppr. or a. Emitting sparks ; glittering ;
lively-
SPARK'LING-LY, adv. With twinkling or vivid brilliancy.
SPARK'LTNG-NESS, 71. Vivid and twinkling lustre.
SPaR'LING, n. A smelt. Cotgrave.
SPAR'RoW, n. [Sax. spearaT} A small bird.
SPARIRSW-GRaSS, a corruption of asparagus,
SPAR'RoW-HAVVK, or SPaR'HAWK, n. [Sax. spear-
hafoc] A small species of short -winged hawk.
SPAR'RiT, a. [from spar.] Resembling spar, or consisting
of spar; having a confused crystaline structure ; spathose.
SPARSE, (spars) a. [L. spars-us, from spargo.] 1. Thinly
scattered; set or planted here and there.— 2. In botany,
not opposite, nor alternate, nor in any apparent regular
order. Martyn.
t SPARSE, (spars) v. t. To disperse. Spenser.
SPARSED, a. Scattered. Lee.
SPARS'ED-LY, adv. In a scattered manner. Evelyn.
SPAR'TAN, a. Pertaining to ancient Sparta ; hence, har-
dy; undaunted.
SPASM, 71. [L. spasmus.] An involuntary contraction of
muscles or muscular fibres in animal bodies ; irregular
motion of the muscles or muscular fibres ; convulsion ;
cramp.
SPAS-MOD'I€, a. [Fr. spasmodique.] Consisting in spasm.
SPAS-MOD'I€, n. A medicine good for removing spasm.
SPAT, pret. of spit, but nearly obsolete.
SPAT, n. 1. The young of shell-fish. 2. A petty combat;
a little quarrel or dissension ; [a vulgar use of the word in
JVew Enrrland.]
SPA-THa'CEOUS, a. Having a calyx like a sheath.
SPATHE, n. [L. spatha.] In botany, the calyx of a spadix
opening or bursting longitudinally, in form of a sheath.
SPATH'ie, a. [G. spathr\ Foliated or lamellar.
SPATH'I-FORM, a. Resembling sp^r in form.
SPATH'OUS, a. Having a calyx like a sheath.
SPATH'U-LATE. See Spatulate.
t SPa'TIATE, v. i. [L. spatior.] To rove ; to ramble.
SPAT'TER, V. t. 1. To scatter a liquid substance on ; to
sprinkle with water or any fluid, or with any moist and
dirty matter. — 2. Figuratively, to aspei-se ; to defame. 3.
To throw out any thing ofiensive ; [obs.] Shak. 4. To
scatter about.
SPAT'TER, V. i. To throw out of the mouth in a scattered
manner; to sputter. See Sputter. Milton.
SPAT'TER-DASH-ES, n. plu. [spatter and dasJi.] Cover-
ings for the legs to keep them clean from water and mud.
SPAT'TERED, pp. 1. Sprinkled or fouled by some liquid
or dirty substance. 2. Aspersed.
SPAT'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Sprinkling with moist or foul mat-
ter. 2. Aspersing.
t SPAT'TLE, n. Spittle. Bale.
SPAT'TLING-POP-Pr, 7?, [L. papaver spumeum.] A plant ;
white behen: a species 01 campion. '
SPAT'U-LA, in. [L. spathula, spatha.] A slice ; an
SPAT'TLE, \ apothecaries' instrument for spreading
plastej«, &c.
SPAT'U-LATE, a. [L. spathula.] In botany, a spatulate
leaf is one shaped like a spatula or battledore.
SPAVIN, 71. [It. spavenio, spavano.] A tumor or excres-
cence that forms on the inside of a horse's hough, not
far from the elbow ; at first like gristle, but afterwards
hard and bony.
SPAVINED, a. Affected with spavin. Goldsmith.
SPA, )n. 1. A mineral water from a place of this name
SPAW, \ in Germany. 2. A spring of mineral water.
SPAWL, V. i. [G. speichel.] To throw saliva from the
ni'outh in a scattering form ; to disperse spittle in a care-
less, duty manner.
SPAWL, 71. Saliva or spittle thrown out carelessly.
SPAWL'ING, ppr. Throwing spittle carelessly from the
mouth.
SPAWL'ING, n Saliva thrown out carelessly.
SPAWN, 7?. ]. The eggs offish or frogs, when ejected. 2.
Any product 01 offspring ; an expression of contempt. 3.
Offsets ; shoots ; suckers of plants.
SPAWN, V. t. I'o produce or deposit, as fishes do their
eggs. 2. To bting forth ; to generate ; in contempt.
SPAWN, u. i. 1 To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs. 2. To
issue, as offspring ; in contempt. Locke.
SPAWNED, pp. Produced or deposited, as the eggs of fish
or frogs.
SPAWN'ER, 7?.. The female fish. Walton.
SPaY, v.t. [W yspazu; L. spado.] To castrate the fe-
male of a beast by cutting and by taking out the ovaries.
SPaYED, pp. Castrated, as a female beast.
BPaY'ING, ppr. Castrating, as a female beast.
SPEAK, v.i.i pret. spoke, [spake, neaY]y obs.;] pp. spoke,
spoken. [Sax. spMcan, specan.] 1. To utter words or artic-
ulate sounds, as human beings ; to express thoughts by
words. 2. To utter a speech, discourse or harangue; to
utter thoughts in a public assembly. 3. To talk ; to ex-
press opinions; to dispute. 4. To discourse; to make
mention of. 5. To give sound.
SPeAK, v. t. 1. To utter with the mouth ; to pronounce
to utter articulately ; as human beings. 2. To declare i
to proclaim ; to celebrate. 3. To talk or converse in ; to
utter or pronounce, as in conversation. 4. To address ; to
accost. 5. To exhibit ; to make known. 6. To express
silently or by signs. 7. To communicate. — To speak a
ship, to hail and speak to lier captain or commander.
SPeAK'A-BLE, a. 1. That can be spoken. 2. Having the
power of speech. 'Milton.
SPeAK'ER, 71. 1. One that speaks, in whatever manner
2. One that proclaims or celebrates. 3. One that utters or
pronounces a discourse ; usually, one that utters a speech
in public. 4. The person who presides in a deliberative
assembly, preserving order and regulating the debates.
SPeAK'ING, ppr. Uttering words ; discoursing ; talking.
SPeAK'ING, 71. 1. The act of uttering words; discourse.—
2^ln colleges, public declamation.
SPeAK'ING-TRUM-PET, 71. A trumpet by which the
sound of the human voice may be propagated to a great
distance.
SPeAR, 7!. [Sax. speare, spere ; D., G. speer.] 1. A long,
pointed weapon, used in war and hunting by thrusting or
throwing ; a lance. 2. A sharp-pointed instrument with
barbs; used for stabbing fish and other animals. 3. A
shoot, as of grass ; usually spire.
SPeAR, v. t. To pierce with a spear; to kill with a spear.
SPeAR, v. i. To shoot into a long stem. See Spire.
SPeARED, pp. Pierced or killed with a spear.
SPeAR'-FQOT, n. The far foot behind ; used of a horse.
SPiSAR'-GRASS, n. 1. A long, stiff grass. Shak.— 2. In
Mew England, this name is given to a species of poa.
SPeAR'ING, Pi"'. 1. Piercing or killing with a spear. 2
Shooting into a long stem.
SPeAR'MAN, 71. On^ who is armed with a spear.
SPeAR'MINT, v. a plant ; a species of mint.
SPeAR'-THIS-TLE, 7(. A plant, a troublesome weed,
SPeAR'-WoET, 71. A plant.
SPECHT, I n. A woodpecker. [J^Tot in use, or local.] Sher-
SPEIGHT, \ wood.
SPE''CIAL, (spesh'al) a. [Fr., It. spezials ; Sp. especial : L
specialis.] 1. Designating a species or sort. 2. Particular
peculiar; noting something more than ordinary. 3. Ap-
propriate ; designed for a particular purpose. 4. Extraor-
dinary ; uncommon. 5. Chief in excellence.
t SPE"CIAL, 7). A particular. Hammond.
t SPE"CIAL-iZE, V. t. To mention specially. Sheldon.
SPE"CIAL-LY, adv. 1. Particularly ; in a manner beyond
what is common, or out of the ordinary course. 2. For
a particular purpose. 3. Chiefly ; specially.
SPE"CIAL-TY, (spesh'al-ty) 72. 1. Particularity ; [little
u^ed.] 2. A particular or peculiar case ; [/I'aZe 7tscrf.] 3. A
special contract ; an obligation or bond ; the evidence of a
debt by deed or instrument under seal. Blackstone.
SPe'CIE, (spS'shy) n. Coin ; copper, silver or gold coined
and used as a circulating medium of commerce.
SPe'CIES, (spG'shiz) n. [L.] 1. In zoology, a collection of
organized beings derived trom one common parentage by
natural generation, characterized by one peculiar form. —
2. In botany, all the plantswhich spring from the same
seed, or which resemble each other in certain characters
or invariable forms. — 3. In logic, a special idea, corre-
sponding to the specific distinctions of things in nature.
4. Sort ; kind. 5. Appearance to the senses ; visible or
sensible representation; [little used.] 6. Representation
to the mind; [little used.] 1. Show; visible exhibition;
[obs.] 8. Coin, or coined silver and gold, used as a circu-
lating medium. Arhuthnot. — Q. In pharmacy, a. s\m\i\&; a
component part of a compound medicine. 10. The old
pharmaceutical term for powders.
SPE-CIF'I€, ; a. [Fr. specifique ; It. specifico.] 1. That
SPE-CIF'I-CAL, ) makes a thing of the species of which
it is; designating the peculiar property or properties of a
thing, which constitute its species, and distinguish it from
other things. — 2. In medicine, appropriate for the cure of a
particular disease.
SPE-CIF'IC, n. In medicine, a remedy that certainly cures
a particular disease. Coze.
SPE-CIF'I-CAL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to consti-
tute a species : according to the nature of the species.
SPE-C1F«I-€ATE, v. t. [L. species and facio.] To show,
mark or designate the species, or the distinguishing par-
ticulars of a thing ; to specify.
SPEC-I-FI-€5'TI0N, 71. 1. The act of determining by a
mark or limit; notation of limits. 2. The act of specify-
ing ; designation of particulars; particular mention 3.
Article or thing specified.
SPE-CIF'ie-NESS, 71. Particular mark of distinction. An-
not. on Glanvillc.
SPEC'I-FiED, pp. Particularized ; specially named
SPEC'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. specifier; It. specificare.] To mention
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, t!. ^, long.—FAH, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARlNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
SPE
777
SPE
oi name, as a particular thing ; to designate in words, so
as to distinguish a thing from every other.
BPECT-Fy-ING, ppr. Naming or designating particu-
larly.
SPEC'I-MEN, n. [L.] A sample ; a part or small portion
of any thing, intended to exhibit the kmd and quality of
the vvliole, or of something not exhibited.
SPk'CIOUS, a. [Fr. specieux ; It. specioso ; Sp. especioso ;
Ij. speciosus.] 1. Showy ; pleasing to the view. 2 Ap-
parently right ; superficially fair, just or correct 5 plausi-
ble; appearing well at first view.
SPe'CIOUS-LY, adv. With a fair appearance ; with show
of right.
SPkCIOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being spe-
cious. Jish.
SPE€K, n. [Sax. specca.] 1. A spot ; a stain ; a small place
in any thing that is discolored. 2. A very small thing.
SPECK, V. t. To spot ; to stain in spots or drops.
SPE€'KLE, n. A little spot in any thing, of a different
substance or color from that of the thing itself.
SPECKLE, V. t. To mark with small spots of a different
color ; used chiefly in the participle passive.
SPE€'KLED, pp. or a. Marked with specks ; variegated
with spots of a different color from the ground 01 sur-
face of the object. — Speckled bird, a denomination given
to a person of doubtful character or principles.
SPEG'KLED-NESS, n. Tlie state of being speckled.
SPECKLING, ppr. Marking with small spots.
SPECKT, or SPEIGHT, n. A woodpecker. See Specht.
SPEe'TA-€LE, n. [Fr.; L. spectaculum.] 1. A show;
Something exhibited to view ; usually, something pre-
sented to view as extraordinary. 2. Any thing seen ; a
sight. — 3. Spectacles, in the plural, glasses to assist the
sight. — 4. i'^to-MraiiyeZ?/, something that aids the intellectu-
al sight.
SPE€-TA-€LED, a. Furnished with spectacles. Shak.
SPE€-TA€'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to shows. Ilickes.
SPEG-Ta'TION, 71. [L,. sijectaiio.] Eegard; respect. [Lit-
tle u^ed.]
SPEC-Ta'TOR, 71. [L.; Fr. speciateur ; It. spettatore.'] I.
One that looks on ; one that sees or beholds ; a beholder.
2. One personally present.
SPE€-TA-To'ai-AL, a. Pertaining to the Spectator.
SPEC-Ta'TOR-SHIP, n. The act of beholding. S/iak. 2.
The office or quality of a spectator. Addison.
SPE€-Ta'TRESS, ) n, [L. spectatrtx.] A female beholder
SPEG-Ta'TRIX, \ or looker on.
SPEC TRE, / n. [Fr, spectre : L. spectrvm.] 1. An appari-
SPEC'TER, ) tion ; the appearance of a person who is
dead ; a ghost. 2. Something made preternaturally visi-
ble. — 3. In conchology, a species of voluta, marked with
reddish broad bands. Cyc.
SPECTRUM, n. [L.] A visible form ; an image of some-
thing seen', continuing after the eyes are closed.
SPEC'U-LAR, a. [L. specularis.] 1. Having the qualities
of a mirror or looking-glass ; having a smooth, reflecting
surface. 2. Assisting sight ; [obs.] 3. Affording view.
SPEC'U-LATE, V. i. [L. specular; Fr. speculer ; It. specu-
iare.] 1. To meditate ; to contemplate ; to consider a sub-
ject by turning it in the mind and viewing it in its differ-
ent aspects and relations. — 2. In commerce, to purchase
land, goods, stock or other things, with the expectation
of selling the articles at a profit.
t SPEC'U-LATE, V. t. To consider attentively.
S?EC-U-La'TION, n. 1. Examination by the eye; view;
[Little used.'] 2. Mental view of any thing in its various
aspects and relations ; contemplation ; intellectual exam-
ination. 3. Train of thoughts formed by meditation. 4.
Mental scheme ; theory ; views of a subject not verified
by fact or practice. 5. Power of sight ; [ohs.] — G. In com-
merce, the act or practice of buying land or goods, k.z. in
expectation of a rise of price and of selling them at an
advance.
SPEC'U-LA-TIST, n. One who speculates or forms theo-
ries ; a speculator. Mllner.
SPEC'U-LA-TIVE, a. [Fr. speculatif; It. specidativo.]
1. Given to speculation; contemplative. 2. Formed by
speculation ; theoretical ; ideal ; not verified by fact, ex-
periment or practice. 3. Pertaining to view.
SPEC'U-LA-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. In contemplation; with
meditation. 2. Ideally ; theoretically ; in theory only,
not in practice.
SPEC'U-LA-TlVE-NESS, n. The state of being specula-
tive, or of consisting in speculation only.
SPEC'U-LA-TOR, n. 1. One who speculates or forms the-
ories. 2. An observer ; a contemplator. 3. A spy ; a
watcher. — 4. In commerce, one who buys goods, land or
other thing, with the expectation of a rise of price, and
of deriving profit from such advance.
SPEC'U-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Exercising speculation. Johnson.
2. Intended or adapted for viewing or espying. Warton.
SPEC'U-LUM, 71. [L.] ]. A mirror or looking-glass. 2. A
glass that reflects the images of objects. 3. A metallic
reflector used in catadioptric telescopes. — 4. In surgery,
an instrument for dilating and keeping open certain parU
of the body.
SPED, pret. and pp. of speed.
SPEECH, 71. [Sax. s^(£c.] 1. The faculty of uttering artic-
ulate sounds or words, as in human beings ; the faculty
of expressing thoughts by words or articulate sounds.
2. Language ; words as expressing ideas. 3. A particular
language, as distinct from others. 4. That which is
spoken ; words uttered in connection and expressing
thoughts. 5. Talk ; mention; common saying. 6. For-
mal discourse in public ; oration ; harangue. 7. Any de-
claration of thoughts.
SPEECH, V. i. To make a speech ; to harangue, [i. m.]
SPEECH'LESS, a. 1. Destitute or deprived of the faculty
of speech. 2. Mute ; silent ; not speaking for a time.
SPEECH'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being ^eechless.
muteness. Bacon.
SPEECH'-MaK-ER, n. One who makes speeches; one
who speaks much in a public assembly.
SPEED, V. i.j pret. and pp. sped, speeded. [Sax. spedian,
spccdan ; D. spoeden.] 1. To make haste ; to move with
celerity. 2. To have success ; to prosper ; to succeed ;
that is, to advance in one's enterprise. 3. To have any
condition, good or ill ; to fare.
SPERD, V. t. 1. To dispatch; to send away in haste. 2
To hasten ; to hurry ; to put in quick motion. 3. To
hasten to a conclusion ; to execute; to dispatch. 4. To
assist ; to help forward ; to hasten. 5. To prosper ; to
cause to succeed. 6. To furnish in haste. 7. To dis-
patch ; to kUl ; to ruin ; to destroy.
SPEED, n. 1. Swiftness; quickness; celerity; applied to
animals. 2. Haste ; dispatch. 3. Rapid pace. 4. Suc-
cess ; prosperity in an undertaking ; favorable issue ■
that is, advance to the desired end.
t SPEEDFUL, a. Serviceable; useful. Wicliffe.
SPEED! LY, adv. Quickly ; with haste ; in a short time.
SPEED'I-NESS, n. The quahty of being speedy; quick-
ness; celerity; haste; dispatch.
SPE ED' WELL, n. A plant of the genus veronica.
SPEED'Y, a, 1. Quick ; ^wift ; nimble; hasty; rapid in
motion. 2. Quick in performance ; not dilatory or slow
tSPEET, V. t. [D. speeten.] To stab.
SPEIGHT, n. A woodpecker. [JVot in use, or local.]
SPELK, 71. [Sax. 5/)eZc.] A splinter; a small stick or rod
used in thatching. [Local.] Grose.
SPELL, n. [Sax. spel, or spell, a story.] 1. A story ; a tale :
[obs.] Chaucer. 2. A charm consisting of soine words of
occult power. 3. A turn of work ; relief; turn of duty ,
as, take a spell at the pump. Seamen. — 4. In JVew £710--
land, a short time ; a little time ; [710* elegant.] .5. °A
turn of gratuitous labor, sometimes' accompanied with
presents. JVe?o England.
SPELL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spelled, or spelt. [Sax. spellian,
spelligan.] 1. To tell or name the letters of a word, with
a proper division of syllables. 2. To write or print with
the proper letters ; to form words by correct orthography.
3. To take another's place or turn temporarily in any la-
bor or service. JVeio England. 4. To charm. 5. To
read ; to discover by characters or marks ; with out. 6. To
tell ; to relate ; to teach ; [obs.]
SPELL, V. i. To form words with the proper letters, either
in reading or writing. 2. To read. Milton.
SPELLED, or SPELT, pret. and pp. of spell.
SPELL'ER, 7!. One that spells ; one skilled in spelling.
SPELL'ING , ppr. 1. Naming the letters of a word. 2. Tak-
ing another's turn.
SPELL'ING, n. 1. The act of naming the letters of a word
2. Orthography ; the manner of forming words with let-
ters.
SPELL'ING-BOOK, n. A book for teachmg children to
spell and read. '
SPELT, n. [Sax., D, spclte ; G. spelz.] A species of grain of
the genus triticum ; called, also, German wheat.
t SPELT, V. t. [G. spalten ; Dan. spildcr.] To split.
SPEL'TER, n. [G., D. spiauter.] Common zink.
tSPENCE, (spens) 7;. [Old Fr. dispense.] A buttery, a
larder ; a place where provisions are kept. Chaucer.
SPEN'CER, n. 1. One who has the care of the spence or
buttery ; [oJs.] 2. A kind of short coat.
SPEND, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spent. [Sax. spendan ; Sw
spendera ; It. spendcre.] 1. To lay out ; to dispose cf ; to
part with. 2. To consume ; to waste ; to squander. 3
To consume ; to exhaust. 4. To bestow for any purpose
.5. To effuse ; [Z. h.] 6. To pass, as time ; to suffer to
pass away. 7. To lay out ; to exert or to waste. 8. To
exhaust of force ; to waste ; to wear away. 9. To ex-
haust of strength ; to harass ; to fatigue.
SPEND, V. i. I. To make expense ; to make disposition of
money. 2. To be lost or wasted ; to vanish ; to be dissi-
pated. 3. To prove in the use. 4. To be consumed. 5
To be employed to any use ; [umisual.]
SPEND'ER, 71. One that spends ; also, a prodigal.
SPEND'ING, ppr. Laying out ; consummg ; wastmg ; ex-
hausting.
» Sfe. Synopsis. MC) 7E, BOOK, D6 VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
SPI
778
SPI
SPENDING, 71. The act of laying out or expending.
SPEND'THMFT, n. One who spends money improvident-
ly j^ a prodigal ; one who lavishes his estate.
fSPE'RA-BLE, a.VL. sperabitis.] That may be hoped.
t SPe'RATE, a. [L. speratus.'] Hoped not to be irrecovera-
ble
SPERE, V. t. To ask ; to inquire.
SPERM, n. [Fr. sperme ; L. sperma.] 1. Animal seed ; that
by which the species is propagated. 2. The head matter
of a certain species of whale, called cachalot. 3. Spawn
of iishes or frogs.
SPER-MA-CE'TI, n. [L. sperma and cetus.] The same as
sperm
SPER-MAT'I€, a. 1. Consisting of seed ; seminal. 2. Per-
taining to the semen, or conveying it. Ray.
i SPERM'A-TiZE, D. i. To yield seed. Brown.
SPER-MAT'0-CELE, n. [Gr. cnsppa and ktj'Kt].] A swell-
ing of the spermatic vesse's, or vessels of the testicles.
SPER-MOL'O-GIST, 71. [& \neppo\oyos.] One who gath-
ers or treats of seeds. Diet
t SPERSE, V. t. To disperse tspenser.
t SPET, V. t. To spit ; to throw out.
[■ SPET, n. Spittle, or a flow.
SPEW, v.t. [Sax. spiwan; H.spuwen; Ti. spue.'] 1. To
vomit J to puke J to eject from the stomach. 2. To eject 5
to cast forth. 3. To cast out with abhorrence.
SPEW, V. i. To vomit ; to discharge the contents of the
stomach. B. Jons on.
SPEWED, ;)p. Vomited; ejected.
SPEW'ER, n. One who spews.
t SPEW'I-NESS, 71. Moistness ; dampness. Oauden.
SPEWING, ppr. Vomiting ; ejecting from the stomach.
SPEWING,?!. The act of vomiting.
SPEWY, c. Wet; foggy. [Local.] Mortimer.
SPHAOE-LATE, v.i. 1. To mortify ; to become gangren-
ous ; as flesh. 2. To decay or become carious, as a bone.
SPHAC'E-LATE, v. t. To affect with gangrene.
SPHAC-E-La'TION, n. The process orbecoming or making
gangrenous ; mortification Med. Repos.
SPHAC'E-LUS, n. [Gr. cri^aKfXoj.] 1. In medicine and sur-
gery^ gangrene ; mortification of the flesh of a living ani-
mal. 2. Caries or decay of a bone.
SPHAG'NOUS,a. [sphagnum, hog-raoss. Linne.] Pertaining
to b'"g-moss ; mossy. Bigelow.
SPHENE, n. [Gr. (r(priv, a wedge.] A mineral.
SPHE-NOID', I a. [Gr. u(pvv and eiSos.'] Resembling a
SPHE-^v ID'AL, \ wedge.-^The sphenoid bone is the pte-
rygoid bone of the basis of the skull.
SPHERE, (sfeer) n. [Fr. ; L. sphcsra : It. sfera.] 1. In
geometry, a solid body contained under a single surface,
which in every part is equally distant from a point called
its centre. 2. An orb or globe of the mundane system.
3. An orbicular body, or a circular figure representing the
earth or apparent heavens. 4. Circuit of motion ; revo-
lution ; orbit. 5. The concave or vast orbicular expanse
in which the heavenly orbs appear. 6. Circuit of action,
knowledge or influence ; compass ; province ; employ-
ment. 7. Rank; order of society.
SPHERE, v.t. 1. To place in a sphere; [unusual.] 2. To
form into roundness. Milton.
SPHER'IG, ) a. [It. sferico ; Fr. splierique ; L. sphcBri-
SPHER'I-€AL, ] cus.] 1. Globular ; orbicular; having a
surface in every part equally distant from the centre. 2.
Planetary ; relating to the orbs of the planets.
SPHER'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the form of a sphere.
SPHERI-CAL-NESS, ) n. The state or quality of beins or-
SPHE-RIC'I-TY, \ bicular or spherical ; roundne^ss.
SPHER'ICS, n. The doctrine of the sphere.
SPHE-ROID', n. [sphere, and Gr. aSos.] A body or figure
approaching to a sphere, but not perfectly spherical.
SPHE-ROID' AL, > a. 1. Having the form of a spheroid.
SPHE-ROID'I€, } —2. In crystalography, bounded
SPHE-ROID'I-€AL, ) by several convex faces.
SPHE-ROTD'I-TY, 71. The quality of being spheroidal.
SPHER-O-SID'ER-ITE, n. A substance found in the ba-
saltic, compact lava of Steinheim ; called, also, hyatite.
SPHER'ULE, 71. [L. sphcsrt.la.] A little sphere.
SPIIER'TJ-LITE, n. A variety of obsidian or pearl-stone.
SPf-lER'Y, a. 1. Belonging to the sphere. Milton. 2. Round ;
spherical. Shak.
SPHINCTER, 71. [from Gr. c^iyyoo.] In anatomy, a muscle
that contracts or shuts. Coze.
SPHINX, n. [Gr. (rcpiy^ ; L. sphinx.] 1. A famous monster
in Egypt, having the body of a lion and the face of a
young woman. — 2. In entomology, the hawk-moth, a
genus of insects.
SPHRAG'ID, 71. A species of ocherous clay.
T SPl'AL, n. A spy ; a scout. Bacon.
SPl'CATE, a. [L. spicatus.] Having a spike or ear.
SPICE, 71. [Fr. epicc ; It. spezie ; Sp. especia.] 1. A vegeta-
ble production, fragrant or aromatic to the smell, and pun-
gent to the taste. 2. A small quantity ; something that
enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degree
3. [Fr. espece.] A sample.
SPICE, V. t. 1. To season with spice ; to mix aromatic sub
stances with. 2. To tincture. 3. To render nice; to
season with scruples.
SPlCED, pp. Seasoned with spice.
SPl'CER, 71. ] . One that seast)ns with spice. 2. One that
deals in epice. Camden.
SPl'CE-RY, 71. [Fr. epiceries.] 1. Spices in general ; fragrant
and aromatic vegetable substances used in seasoning.
2. A repository of spices.
SPICK ANT) SPAN. Bright ; shining.
SPICK'NEL, or SPIG'NEL, n. The herb maldmony or
bear-wort. Diet.
t SPI-COS'I-TY, n. [L. spica.] The state of having or being
full of ears, like corn. Diet.
SPI€5'U-LAR, a. [L. spiculum.] Resembling a dart ; having
sharp points.
SPI€'U-LATE, V. t. [L. spiculo.] To sharpen to a point.
SPI'CY, a. 1. Producing spice ; abounding with spices. 2.
Having the qualities of spice ; fragrant ; aromatic.
SPi'DER, 71. The common name of the insects of the genus
aranea, remarkable for spinning webs for taking their
prey.
SPi'DER-CATCH-ER, n. A hUA so called.
SPi'DER-LiKE, a. Resembling a spider. Slwk.
SPI'DER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus anthericum.
SPIG'NEL. See Spicknel.
SPIG'OT, 71. [W. yspigawd.] A pin or peg used to stop a
faucet, or to stop a small hole in a cask of liquor. Swift.
SPIKE, 71. [W. yspia- ; D. spyk, spyker ; G. speiche ; Dan
spiger ; Sw. spik ; L. spica.] 1. A large nail ; always, in
.limerica, apfilied to a nail or pin of metal. 2. An ear of
corn or grain. 3. A shoot. 4. [L. spica.] In botany, a
species of inflorescence.
BPIKE, 71 A smaller species of lavender. Hill.
SPIKE, V. t. 1. To fasten with spikes or long and large naUs.
2_. To set with spikes. 3. To stop the vent with spikes.
SPiKED, pp. Furnished with spikes, as corn ; fastened with
spikes ; stopped with spikes.
SPpKE'-LAV-EN-DER,7i. The lavandula spica. Ed.Encyc.
SPiKE'LET, 71. In botany, a small spike of a large one.
*SPiKE'NARD,(spik'nard,o?-spike'nard)7i. [L,. spica nardi.]
1 . A plant of the genus nardus. 2. The oil or balsam pro-
cured from tlie spikenard.
SPlK'ING, ppr. Fastening with spikes.
SPlK'Y, a. Having a sharp point. Dyer.
SPILE, n. [D. spil, ; G. spille ; Ir. spiie.] 1. A small peg or
v/ooden pin, used to stop a hole. 2. A stake driven into
the ground to protect a bank, &c.
SPILL, n. [a diflerent orthography of spile.] 1. A small
peg or pin for stopping a cask. 2. A little bar or pin of
iron. 3*. A little sum of money ; [obs.]
SPILL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spilled, or spilt. [Sax. spillan ;
D., G. spillen.] 1. To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel ;
to Inae or suff"er to be scattered. 2. To suffer to be shed
3. To cause to flow out or lose ; to shed. 4, To mischief;
to destroy ; [obs.] 5. To throw away. — 6. In seamen's
language, to discharge the wind out of the cavity or belly
of a sail.
SPILL, V. i. 1. To waste ; to be prodigal ; [obs.] 2. To be
shed ; to be suffered to fall, be lost or wasted. Watts.
SPILLED, pp. Suffered to fall, as liquids ; shed.
SPILL'ER, 71. 1. One that spills or sheds. 2. A kind of
fishing line. Carew.
SPILL'ING, ppr. Suffering to fall or run out, as liquids ;
shedding.
SPILL'ING-LlNES, in a ship, are ropes for furling more
conveniently the square-sails. Mar. Diet.
SPILT, pret. and pp. of spill.
t SPILTH, ?!. [from spill.] Any thing spilt. Shak.
SPIN, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spun. Span is not used. [Sax.,
Goth, spinnaa; D., G. spinnen.] 1. To draw out and twist
into threads, either by the hand or machinery. 2. To
draw out tediously ; to fonn by a slow process or by de-
grees ; with out. 3. To extend to a great length. 4. To
draw out ; to protract ; to spend by delays. 5. To whirl
with a thread ; to turn or cause to whirl. 6, To draw out
from the stomach in a filament.
SPIN, V. i. 1. To practice spinning ; to work at drawing ana
twisting threads. 2. To perform the act of drawing and
twisting threads. 3. To move round rapidly ; to whirl.
4. To stream or issue in a thread or small current.
SPIN'ACH, ) , . ... (n. [h. spinacia ; It. spinace.] A
SPIN'AGE, S (.spmaje; | plant of the genus spi7ia<;ia.
SPl'NAL, a. Pertaining to the spine or back bone.
SPIN'DLE, 7!. [Sax., Dan. spindel.] 1. The pin used in
spinning-wheels for twisting the thread, and on which the
thread, when twisted, is wound. 2. A slender, pointed
rod or pin on which any thing turns. 3. The fusee of a
watch. 4. A long, slender stalk. 5. The lower endf of a
capstan, shod with iron ; the pivot.
SPIN'DLE, V. i. To shoot or grow in a long, slender stalk.
* See Synapsis. a, E, T, O, U, "P, long.—YK?., FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;-
t Obsolete
SPI
779
SPI
ofrN''DLE-LEi»S, in. A tall, slender person; incon-
SPIN'DLE-SHANKS, \ tempt.
SriN'DLE-SHANKED, a. Having long, slender legs.
SPIN'DLE-SIIaPED, a. Having the shape of a spindle ;
fusiform. Martyn.
SPIN DLE-TREE, n. A plant, prick-wood.
SPINE, 71. [L., It. spina ; Fr. epine.} 1. The bach-bone
of an animal. 2. The shin of the leg. 3. A thorn 3 a
sharp process from the woody part of a plant.
SPl NEL, or SPI-NELLE', n. [It. spinella.] The spindle
ruby, says Hawj, is the true ruby, a gem of a red color.
SPI-NELL'ANE, n. A mineral occurring in small crystal-
ine masses and in minute crystals. Fhillips.
SPI-NES'CENT, a. Becoming hard and thorny.
SPIN'ET, n. [It. spinetta.] An instrument of music resem-
bling a harpsichord, but smaller; a virginal ; a clavichord.
f SPIN'ET, n. [L. spinetum.] A small wood or place where
briars and thorns grow. B. Jonson.
SPI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. \li. spina axiAfero.'] Producing spines ;
bearing thorns.
SPINK, n. A bird 3 a finch. HaHe.
SPINNER,?!. 1. One that spins. 2. A spider.
SPIN'NING, ppr. Drawing out and twisting into threads ;
drawing out 3 delaving.
SPIN'NING, n. 1. The act of drawing out and twisting
into threads. 2. The act of forming webs.
SPIN'NING-JEN-NY, a. An engine for spinning wool or
cotton, in the manufacture of cloth.
SPINNING-WHEEL, n. A wheel for spinning.
SPIN'0-LET, n. A small bird of the lark kind.
SPI-NOS'I-TY, n. The state of being spiny or thorny 3
Cj-abbedness. Olanville.
SPi'NOUS, a. [Ij. spinosus.'] Full of spines 3 thorny.
SPr'NO-ZISM, 71. The doctrines of Spinoza.
SPIN'STER, n. \^spin and ster.] 1. A woman who spins,
or whose occupation is to spin. — ^2. In laio, the common
title by which a woman without rank or distinction is
designated.
SPIN'STRY, 7? The business of spinning. Milton.
SPIN'THERE, 71. A mineral of a greenish-gray color.
SPl'NY, a. [from spine.] I. Full of spines 3 thorny. 2. Per-
plexed 3 difficult 3 troublesome. Digby.
*SPiR'A-€LE, 71. [L. spiraculum.] 1. A small aperture
in animal and vegetable bodies, by which air or other flu-
id is exhaled or inhaled 3 a small hole, orifice or vent 3 a
pore 3 a minute passage. 2. Any small aperture, hole or
vent.
SPl'RAL, a. [It. spirale ; Fr. spiral.] Winding round a
cylinder or other round body, or in a circular form, and at
the same time rising or advancing forward 3 winding like
a^screw.
SPl'RAL-LY, adv. In a spiral form or direction 3 in the
manner of a screw. Ray.
t SPI-Ra'TION, 71. [L. spiratio.] A breathing. Barroio.
SPIRE, 71. [L. spira ; Gr. cneipa ; Sp. espira.] 1. A wind-
ing line like the threads of a screw; any thing wreathed
or contorted ; a curl 5 a twist 3 a wreath. 2, A body that
shoots up to a point; a tapering body ; a round pyramid
or pyramidical body ; a steeple. 3. A stalk or blade of
grass or other plant. 4. The top or uppermost point of a
thing.
SPIRE, V. i. 1. To shoot 3 to shoot up pyramidically. 2.
To breathe ; [obs.] 3. To sprout, as grain in malting.
SPIRED, a. Having a spire. Mason.
SPlR'IT, 71. [Fr. esprit ; It. spirito ; Sp. espiritu ; L. spiri-
tus.] I. Primarily, wind ; air in motion ; hence, breath ;
[I. u.] 2. Animal excitement, or the effect of it ; life ;
ardor ; fire ; courage ; elevation or vehemence of mind ;
as, the troops attacked the enemy with great spirit ; the
young man has the spirit of youth ; he speaks or acts
with spirit. — Spirits, in the plural, is used in nearly a like
sense ; as, the troops began to recover their spirits. Swift.
3. Vigor of intellect; genius; as, "His wit, his beauty
and his spirit.'" Butler. " The noblest spirit or genius
cannot deserve enough of mankind to pretend to the
esteem of heroic virtue." Temple. 4. Temper ; disposi-
tion of mind, habitual or temporary ; as, a man of a gen-
erous spirit, or of a revengeful spirit ; the ornament of a
meek and quiet spirit. 5. The soul of man ; the intelli-
gent, immaterial and immortal part of human beings. 6.
An immaterial, intelligent substance. 7. An immaterial,
intelligent being. 8. Turn of mind ; temper ; occasional
state of the mind. 9. Powers of mind distinct from the
body. 10. Sentiment; perception. 11. Eager desire;
disposition of mind excited and directed to a particular
object. 12. A person of activity ; a man of life, vigor or
enterprise. 13. Persons distinguished by qualities of the
mind. 14. Excitement of mind ; animation : cheerful-
ness ; usually in the plural. 15. Life or strength of re-
semblance ; essential qualities. 16. Something eminently
pure and refined. 17. That which hath power or energy ;
the quality of any substance which manifests life, activi-
ty or the power of strongly affecting other bodies. 18. A
etrong, pungent or stimulating liquor, usually obtained
by distillation, as rum, brandy, gin, whisky. 19. An
apparition ; a ghost. 20. The renewed nature of man
Oal. v. 21. The influences of the Holy Spirit. Malt
xxii. — Holy Spirit, the third person in the Trinity.
SPIR'IT, V. t. 1. To animate ; to actuate, as a spirit ; [I. «.]
2. To animate with vigor ; to excite ; to encourage. 3"
To kidnap. — To spirit atpay, to entice or seduce.
t SPIR'IT- AL-LY, adv. By means of the breath.
SPlR'lT-ED, pp. 1. Animated ; encouraged ; incited. 2. a
Animated ; full of life ; lively ; full of spirit or fire.
SPlR'IT-ED-LY, adv. In a lively manner ; with spirit.
SPlR'IT-ED-NESS, 7i. 1. Life ; animation. 2. Disposition
or make of mind ; used in compounds.
t SPiR'IT-FUL, a. Lively ; full of spirit. Ash.
t SPlR'IT-FUL-LY, adv. In a lively manner
t SPiR'IT-FtjL-NESS, 71. Liveliness; sprightliness,
SPlR'IT-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of spirits ; wanting anima-
tion 5 wanting cheerfulness ; dejected 3 depressed. 2.
Destitute of vigor ; wanting life, courage or fire. 3. Hav-
ing no breath ; extinct ; dead. Greenhill.
SPIR'IT-LESS-LY, adv. Without spirit ; without exertion.
SPIR'IT-LESS-NESS, 71. Dullness ; want of life or vigor.
SPIR'IT-OUS, a. 1. Like spirit ; refined ; defecated ; pure.
Milton. 2. Fine 3 ardent ; active. Smith.
SPIR'IT-OUS-NESS, 71. A refined state ; fineness and ac-
tivity of parts. Boyle.
SPlR'IT-U-AL, a. [Fr. spirituel ; It. spirituale ; L. spiritu-
alis.] 1. Consisting of spirit ; not material; incorporeal
2. Mental ; intellectual. 3. Not gross ; refined from ex-
ternal things ; not sensual 3 relative to mind only. 4. Not
lay or temporal 3 relating to sacred things ; ecclesiastical.
5. Pertaining to spirit or to the affections ; pure ; holy.
6. Pertaining to the renewed nature of man. 7. Not
fleshly ; not material. 8. Pertaining to divine things. —
Spiritual court, an ecclesiastical court.
SPIR'IT-U-AL-IST, 71. One who professes a regard for spir-
itual things only 3 one whose employment is spiritual.
Hallywell.
SPlR-IT-U-AL'I-TY, 77. 1. Essence distinct from matter;
immateriality. 2. Intellectual nature. 3. Spiritual na-
ture 5 the quality which respects the spirit or affections of
the heart only, and the essence of true religion. 4. Spir-
itual exercises and holy affections. 5. That which belong,
to the church, or to a person as an ecclesiastic, or to reli-
gion. 6. An ecclesiastical body 3 {obs.] Shak.
SPiR-IT-U-AL-I-Za'TION, 7?. the act of spiritualizing.—
In chemistry, the operation of extracting spirit from natu
ral bodies. Encyc.
SPlR'IT-U-AL-iZE, V. i. [Fr. spiritualiser.] 1. To refine
the intellect 3 to purify from the feculences of the world.
— 2. In chemistry, to extract spirit from natural bodies.
3. To convert to a spiritual meaning.
SPIR'IT-U-AL-LY, adv. Without corporeal grossness or
sensuality; in a manner conformed to the spirit of true
religion ; with purity of spirit or heart.
SPlR'IT-U-OUS, a. [Fr. spiritueiix.] 1. Containing spirit ;
consisting of refined spirit; ardent. 2. Having the quali-
ty of spirit; fine; pure; active. 3. Lively; gay; vivid j
airy ; [obs.]
SP'iR'IT-U-OUS-NESS, 7/. 1. The quality of being spiritu-
ous ; ardor ; heat ; stimulating quality. 2. Life ; tenui-
ty 3 activity.
SPIRT. See Spuet, the more correct orthography.
SPiR'TLE, V. t. To shoot scatteringly. Drayton.
SPlR'Y, a. 1. Of a spiral form 3 wreathed ; curved. 2.
Having the form of a pyramid ; pyramidical.
t SPISS, a. -[L. spissus.] Thick ; close ; dense.
SPISS'I-TUDE, 71. Thickness of soft substances ; the dense-
ness or compactness which belongs to substances not per-
fectly liquid nor perfectly solid.
SPIT, '71. |Sax. spitu; D. spit; Sw. spett.] 1. An iron
prong or bar pointed, on which meat is roasted. 2. [D.
epit, a spade.] Such a depth of earth as is pierced by the
spade at once. 3. A small point of land running into the
sea, or a long narrow shoal extending from the shore into
the sea.
SPIT, V. t. 1. To thrust a spit through 3 to put upon a spit.
2. To thrust through ; to pierce.
SPIT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spit. Spat is obsolete. [Sax. spit
tan : Sw. spotta ; Dan. spytter.] 1. To eject from the
mouth ; to thrust out, as saliva. 2. To eject or throw out
with violence.
SPIT, V. I. To throw out saliva from the mouth.
SPIT, 7?,. [Dan. spyt.] What is ejected from the mouth ,
saliva.
fSPIT'AL, or tSPIT'TEL, 7i. Corrupted from hospital,
as, " rob not the spital," or charitable toundation.
SPITCH'€0€K, V. t. To split an eel lengthwise and broil it.
SPITCH'eOCK, 71. An eel split and broiled. Decker.
SPITE, 71. [D. spyt ; Tr. spid ; It. dispetto.] Hatred ; rancor ,
malice ; malignity ; malevolence. Spite, however, is not
always synonymous with these words. It often denotes
a less deliberate and fixed hatred than malice and malig-
nity, and is often a sudden fit of ill will excited by temixv
» See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE —BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
SPL
780
SFO
rary vexation. It is tlie effect of extreme irritation, and
is accompanied with a desire of revenge, or at least a de-
sire to vex the object of ill will. — In spite of, in opposition
to all efforts ; in defiance or contempt of.
SPITE, V. t. 1. To be angry or vexed at. 2. To mischief j
to vex ; to treat malicious y ; to thwart. 3. To fill with
spite or vexation ; to offend ; to vex ; [obs.l
SPlT'ED,pp. Hated J vexed.
SPlTE'FliL, a. Filled with spite ; having a desire to vex,
annoy or injure ; malignant; malicious. Shak.
SPlTE'FUL-LY, adv. With a desire to vex, annoy or in-
jure ; malignantly ; maliciously. Swift.
SPlTE'FUL-NESS, n. The desire to vex, annoy or mis-
chief, proceeding from irritation ; malice ; malignity.
SPIT'TED, pp. 1. Put upon a spit. 2. Shot out into
length.
SPIT'TER, n. 1. One that puts meat on a spit. 2. One
who ejects saliva from his mouth. 3. A young deer
whose horns begin to shoot or become sharp ; a brocket or
pricket.
SPITTING, ppr. 1. Putting on a spit. 2. Ejecting saliva.
SPIT'TLE, 71. [from spit.] 1. Saliva; the thick, moist
matter which is secreted by the salivary glands, and
ejected from the mouth. 2. A small sort of spade, [swad-
dle.]
SPIT'TLE. See Spital.
SPIT'TLE, V. t. To dig or stir with a small spade. \_Local.]
SPIT'VEN-OM, n. Poison ejected from the mouth.
SPLAN€H-NOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. anXayxva and loyo^.] 1.
The doctrine of the viscera ; or a treatise or description of
the viscera. 2. The doctrine of diseases of the internal
parts of the body.
SPLASH, V. t. To spatter with water, or with water and
mud.
SPLASH, V. i. To strike and dash about water.
SPLASH, 71. Water, or water and dirt, thrown upon any
thing, or thrown from a puddle and the like.
SPLASH'Y, a. Full of dirty water ; wet ; wet and muddy.
SPLAY, V. t. [See Display,] 1. To dislocate or break a
horse's shoulder-bone. Johnson. 2. To spread ; \l. u.]
Mease.
t SPLAY, for display.
SPLAY, a. Displayed; spread; turned outward.
SPLaY'FOOT, I a. Having the foot turned outward;
SPLaY'FOOT-ED, \ having a wide foot.
SPLaY'M'OUTH, 71. A wide mouth ; a mouth stretched by
design.
SPLEEN, 71. [L. splen ; Gr. o-jiXjjj'.] 1. The milt ; a soft
part of the viscera of animals, supposed, by the ancients,
to be the seat of melancholy, anger or vexation. 2. An-
ger ; latent spite ; ill humor. 3. A fit of anger. 4. A fit ;
a sudden motion ; [ubs.] 5. Melancholy ; hypochon-
driacal affections. 6. Immoderate merriment ; [obs.]
Shak.
SPLEENED, a. Deprived of the spleen. Arbuthvot.
SPLEEN'FUL, a. 1. Angry; peevish ; fretful. &'ia/:. 2.
Melancholy ; hypochondriacal. Pvpe.
t SPLEEN'LESS, a. Kind ; gentle ; mild. Chapman.
SPLEEN' W6RT, 7!. [L. spleniam.] A plant; miltwaste.
SPLEEN'Y, a. 1. Angry; peevish; fretful. Shak. 2. Mel-
ancholy ; affected with nervous complaints.
SPLEN'DENT, a. [L. splendens.] I. Shining; glossy;
beaming with light. 2. Very conspicuous ; illustrious.
SPLEN'DID, a. [L. splendidus ; Fv. splendide ; It. splendi-
do.] 1. Properly, shining ; very bright. 2. Showy ;
magnificent ; sumptuous ; pompous. 3. Illustrious ; he-
roic ; brilliant. 4. Illustrious ; famous ; celebrated.
SPLEN'DID-LY, adv. 1. With great brightness or brilliant
light. 2. Magnificently ; sumptuously; richly. 3. With
great pomp or show.
SPLENDOR, 71. [L.] 1. Great brightness ; brilliant lustre.
2. Great show of richness and elegance; magnificence.
3. Pomp; parade. 4. Brilliance; eminence.
t SPLENDROUS, ffl. Having splendoi. Drayton.
SPLEN'E-Tie, a. [L. spleneticus.] Affected with spleen ;
peevish ; fretful. Pope.
SPLEN'E-TI€, n. A person affected with spleen. Tatler.
SPLEN'I€, a. [Fr. spleniquc.] Belonging to the spleen ; as,
tlie splenic vem. Ray.
SPLEN'ISH, a. Affected with spleen ; peevish; fretful.
t SPLEN'I-TlVE,a. Hot; fiery; passionate; irritable.
SPLENT, 71. A callous substance or insensible swelling on
the shank-bone of a horse. Far. Did. 2. A splint.
SPLICE, ) ^•. «. [Sw. splissa; D. splissen ; G. splcissen.]
SPLISE, \ To separate the strands of the two ends of a
rope, and unite them by a particular manner of inter-
weaving them ; or to unite the end of a rope to any part
.^another by a like interweaving of the strands.
SPLICE, n. The union of ropes by interweaving the
strands. Mar. Diet. ,. n -,
SPLINT, or SPLINT'ER, n. [D. splinter : G. splint.] 1.
A piece of wood split off; a thin piece of wood, or other
so. id substance, rent from the ma,in body.— 2. In surgery.
a thin piece of wood, or other substance, used to hold oi
confine a broken bone when set. 3. A piece of bone rent
off in a fracture.
SPLINT, I V. t. 1. To split or rend into long, thin
SPLINT'ER, \ pieces ; to shiver. 2. Tt confine with
splinters, as a broken limb.
SPLINT'ER, V. i. To be split or rent into long pieces.
SPLINT'ER-BaR, 71. A cross-bar in a coach which sup-
ports the springs.
SPLINT'ERED, pp. Split into splinters ; secured by splints.
SPLINT'ER-Y, a. Consisting of splinters, or resembling
splinters. Kirwan.
SPLIT, V. t. ,• pret. and pp. split. [D. splitten ,- Dan. split-
ter.] 1. To divide longitudinally or lengthwise ; to sepa-
rate a thing from end to end by force ; to rive ; to cleave.
2. To rend ; to tear asunder by violence ; to burst. 3.
To divide ; to part. 4. To dash and break on a rock. 5,
To divide ; to break into discord. 6. To strain and pain
with laughter.
SPLIT, v.i. 1. To burst; to part asunder; to suffer dis-
ruption. 2. To burst with laughter. 3. To be broken ;
to be dashed to pieces.— To split on a rock, to fail ; to err
fatally. Spectator.
SPLIT'TER, n. One who splits. Swift.
SPLITTING, ppr. Bursting ; riving ; rending.
SPLUT'TER, 71. A bustle ; a stir. [A low word.]
SPLUT'TER, V. i. To speak hastily and confusedly. [Low.]
SPOD'U-MENE, n. A mineral, called by Hauy triphane.
SPOIL, V. t. [Fr. spolier : It. spogliare ; L. spolio.] 1. To
plunder ; to strip by violence ; to rob. 2. To seize by vi-
olence ; to take by force. 3, [Sax. spillan.] To corrupt ;
to cause to decay and perish. 4. To corrupt ; to vitiate ;
to mar. 5. To ruin ; to destroy. 6. To render useless by
injury. 7. To injure fatally.
SPOIL, V. i. 1. To practice plunder or robbery. 2. To
decay ; to lose the valuable qualities ; to be corrupted.
SPOIL, n. [L. spolium.] 1. That which is taken from
others by violence ; particularly, in war, the plunder taken
from an enemy ; pillage ; booty. 2. That which is gained
by strength or effort. 3. That which is taken from anoth-
er without license. 4. The act or practice of plundering;
roboery ; waste. 5. Corruption ; cause of corruption. 6.
The slough or cast skin of a serpent or other animal.
SPOILED,;?;?. Plundered; pillaged; corrupted.
SPOIL'ER, 71. 1. A plunderer; a pillager; a robber. 2.
One that corrupts, mars or renders useless.
SPOIL'FUL, a. Wasteful ; rapacious. [Little used.] Spenser.
SPOIL'ING, ppr. 1. Plundering ; pillaging ; coiTupting ;
rendering useless. 2. Wasting ; decaying.
SPOIL'ING, 71. Plunder ; waste.
SPOKE, pret. of speak.
SPOKE, n. [Sax. spaca ; D. spaak.] 1. The radius or ray
of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in
the hub or nave, and which serve to support the rim or
fellv. 2. The spar or round of a ladder.
SPoi<;'EN, (spo'kn) pp. of speak.
SPoKE -SHAVE, n. A kind of plane to smooth the shells
of blocks.
SPoKES'MAN, 71. One who speaks for another.
SPo'LT-ATE, V. t. [L. spolio.] To plunder ; to pillage.
SPo'LI-ATE, V. i. To practice plunder ; to commit robbery.
SPO-LI-A'TION, 71. 1. The act of plundering, particularly
of plundering an enemy in time of war. 2. The act or
practice of plundering neutrals at sea under authority. — 3.
In ecclesiastical affairs, the act of an incumbent in tak-
ing the fruits of his benefice without right, but under a pre ■
tendedtitle.
SPON-Da'I€, ) a. [See Spondee.] Pertaining to a spon-
SPON-Da'I-€AL, \ dee ; denoting two long feet in po-
etry.
SPON'DEE, n. [Fr. spondee ; It. spondeo ; L. spondmis.] A
poetic foot of two long syllables. Broome.
SPON'DYLE, > 71. [L. spondylus .] A joint of the back-bone
SPON'DYL, \ a vertobre or vertebra. Coze.
SP6NGE. See Spunge.
SP6NK, 7). [a word probably formed on punk.] Touch
wood. — In Scotland, a match. See Spunk.
SPONS'AL, a. [L. spon^alis.] Relating to marriage or to a
spouse.
SPON'SI-BLE, a. Worthy of credit. Craven dialect.
SPON'SION, 71. [L. sponsio] The a^.t of becoming surety
for another.
SPONS'OR, 71. [L.] A surety ; one who binds himself to
answer for another, and is responsible for his default. — In
the church, t4ie sponsors in baptism are sureties for the
education ojthe child baptized.
SPON-TA-NK'I-TY, n. [Fr. spontaneite ; It. spontaneitd.]
Voluntariness ; the quality of being of free will or accord.
SPON-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. spontaneus.] 1. Voluntary;
acting by its own impulse or will without the incitement
of any thing external ; acting of its own accord. 2. Pro-
duced without being planted, or without human labor. —
Spontaneous combustion, a taking fire of itself.
SPON-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Voluntarily ; of his own
* See Synovsi^^ A j?,, T, O, t, Y, Zo7ig-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— HN, MARINE, BtRD ;— ^Obsolete
SPO
781
SPR
will or accord. 2. By its own force or energy ; without
the impulse of a foreign cause.
SPON-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Voluntariness ; freedom
of will ; accord unconstrained. 2. Freedom of acting
without a foreign cause.
SPON-TOON', n. [Fr., Sp. esponton.] A kind of half pike ;
a military weapon borne by officers of infantry.
SPOOL, n. [G. spule ; D. spoel.] A piece of cane or reed,
or a hollow cylinder of wood with a ridge at each end j
used by weavers to wind their yarn upon.
SPOOL, V. t. To wind on spools.
SPOOM, V. i. To be driven swiftly.
SPOON, n. [Ir. sponng.} 1. A small domestic utensil, with
a bowl or concave part and a handle, for dipping liquids.
2. An instrument consisting of a bowl or hollow iron and
a long handle, used for taking earth out of holes dug for
setting posts.
t SPOON, V. i. To put before the wind in a gale.
SPOON -BILL, n. A fowl of the grallic order.
SPOON'-DRIFT, n. In seameii''s language, a showery
sprinkling of sea- water, swept from the surface in a tem-
pest. Mar. Diet.
SPOON'FUL, 71. 1. As much as a spoon contains or is able
to contain. 9. A small quantity of a liquid.
SPOON'-MeAT, n. [sjwon and meat.] Food that is or must
be taken with a spoon ; liquid food.
SPOON'-WoRT, n. A plant ; scurvy-grass.
SP0-IIAD'I€, ) a. [Fr. sporadiqn3 ; Gr. cnopaSiKog.']
SPO-RAD'I-€AL, \ Separate ; single ; scattered ; used
only in reference to diseases. — Sporadic diseases are opposed
to epidemics, as accidental.
SPoRT, 7t. [D. boert.] 1. That which diverts and makes
merry ; play ; game ; diversion ; also, mirth. 2. Mock ;
mockery ; contemptuous mirth. 3. That with which one
plays, or which is driven about. 4. Play ; idle jingle. 5.
Diversion of the field, as fowling, hunting, fishing. — Li
sport. To do a thing m sport, is to do it in jest.
SPoRT, V. t. 1. To divert ; to make merry. 2. To repre-
sent by any kind of play. Dryden.
SPoRT, V. i. 1. To play ; to "frolick ; to wanton. 2. To
trifle.
SPoRT'ER, n. One who sports.
SPoRT'FUL, a. 1. Merry; frolicksome ; full of jesting ;
indulging in mirth or play. 2. Ludicrous ; done in jest
or for mere play.
SPORT'FUL-LY, adv. In mirth; in jest; for the sake of
diversion ; playfully.
SPoRT'FUL-NESS, n. Play ; merriment ; frolick ; a play-
ful disposition ; playfulness.
SPoRT'IVE, a. 1. Gay ; merry ; wanton ; frolicksome.
Shak. 2. Inclined to mirth ; playful.
SPoRT'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Playfulness ; mirtli ; merriment.
Walton. 2. Disposition to mirth.
SPoRT'LESS, a. Without sport or mirth ; joyless.
SPoRTS'MAN, n. 1. One who pursues the sports of the
field ; one wiio hunts, fishes and fowls. 2. One skilled
in the sports of the field.
SPORTS'MAN-SHIP, n. The practice of sportsmen.
SPORT'U-LAR-Y, a. [from L. sporta.] Subsisting on alms
or charitable contributions. [Little used.] Hall.
fSPORT'ULE, n. [1,. sportula.]- An alms ; a dole ; a char-
itable gift or contribution. Ayliffe.
SPOT, 71. [D. spat ; Dan. spette.] 1. A mark on a substance
made by foreign matter ; a speck ; a blot ; a place discol-
ored. 2. A stain on character or reputation ; something
that soils purity ; disgrace ; reproach ; fault ; blemish. 3.
A small extent of space ; a place ; any particular place.
4. A place of a different color from the ground. 5. A va-
riety of the common domestic pigeon, so called from a
spot on its head, just above its beak. 6. A dark place on
the disk or face of the sun or of a planet. 7. A lucid
place in the hea.vens.— Upon the spot, immediately ; with-
out changing place.
SPOT, V. t. 1. To make a visible mark with some foreign
matter ; to discolor ; to stain. 2. To patch by way of or-
nament. 3. To stain ; to blemish ; to taint ; to disgrace ;
to tarnish ; as reputation.— To spot timber, is to cut or
chip it, in preparation for hewing.
SPOT'LESS, a. 1. Free from spots, foul matter or discolor-
ation. 2. Free from reproach or impurity ; pure ; un-
tainted ; innocent.
SPOT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from spot or stain ; free-
dom from reproach. Donne.
SPOT'TED, pp.- Marked with spots or places of a different
color from the ground.
SPOT'TED-NESS, n. The quality of being spotted.
SPOT'TER, n. One that makes spots.
SPOT'TI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being spotty.
SPOT'TING, ppr. Marking with spots ; staining.
SPOT'TY, a. Full of spots ; marked with discolored places.
t SPOUS'AGE, ?i. [See Spouse.] The act of espousing.
SPOUS'AL, a. [from spouse] Pertaining to marriage; nup-
tial ; matrimonial; conjugal; connubial; bridal.
SPOUS'AL, 71. [Fr. cpousailles ; L. sponsalia.] Marriage
nuptials. It is now generally used in the plural.
SPOUSE, (spouz) n, [Fr. epouse ; Sp. esposo, esposa.] One
engaged or joined in wedlock ; a married person, husband
or wife.
SPOUSE, (spouz) V. t. To wed ; to espouse. [L. u.] Chaucer.
SPOUSED, pp. Wedded ; joined in marriage ; married ; but
seldom used. Milton.
SPOUSE'LESS, a. Destitute of a husband or of a wife.
SPOUT, n. [D. spuit.] 1. A pipe, or a projecting mouth of
a vessel, useful in directing the stream of a liquid poured
out. 2. A pipe conducting water from another pipe, or
from a trougli on a house. 3. A violent discharge of wa-
ter raised in a column at sea, like a whirlwind, or by a
whirlwind.
SPOUT, V. t. 1. To throw out, as liquids through a narrow
orifice or pipe. 2. To throw out words with affected
gravity ; to mouth.
SPOUT, V. i. To issue with violence, as a liquid through a
narrow orifice or from a spout.
SPOUT'ED, pp. Thrown in a stream from a pipe.
SPOUT'ER, 71. A haranguer ; an orator ; in contempt.
SPOUT'ING. ppr. Throwing in a stream from a pipe or
narrow opening ; pouring out words violently.
SPOUT'ING, n. The act of throwing out; a violent or af-
fected speech ; a harangue.
SPRA€K. See Sprag.
SPRAG, a. Vigorous ; sprightly. [Local.] JVote. In .Amer-
ica, this word is, in popular language, pronounced sp-y,
which is a contraction of sprigh, in sprightly.
SPRAG, 71. A young salmon. [Local.] Grose.
SPRAIN, V. t. [probably Sw. spranga, to break or loosen.]
To overstrain the ligaments of a joint ; to stretch the lig-
aments so as to injure them, but without luxation or dis-
location.
SPRaIN, 71. An excessive strain of the ligaments of a joint
without dislocation. Temple.
SPRAINED, pp. Injured by excessive straining. -
SPRaIN'ING, ppr. Injuring by excessive extension.
SPRaINTS, n. The dung of an otter. Diet.
SPRANG, pret. of spring ; but sprung is more generally
used.
SPRAT, 71. [D. sprot ; G. sprotte.] A small fish.
SPRAWL, V. i. 1. To spread and stretch the body careless-
ly in a horizontal position ; to lie with the limbs stretched
out or struggling. 2. To move, when lying down, with
awkward extension and motions of the limbs ; to scrabble
or scramble in creeping. 3. To widen or open irregular-
ly, as a body of horse.
SPRAWL'ING, ppr. 1. Lying with the limbs awkwardly
stretched ; creeping with awkward motions. 2. Widen-
ing or opening irregularly, as cavalry.
SPRAY, n. [probably allied to sprig.] 1. A small shoot or
branch ; or the extremity of a branch. — 2. Among sea-
men, the water that is driven from the top of a wave in a
storm, which spreads and flies in small particles.
SPREAD, ) (spred) v. t. : pret, and pp. spread, or spred. [Sax.
SPRED, \ spra;dan, spredan ; Ban. spreder.] I. To ex-
tend in length and breadth, or in breadth only ; to stretch
or expand to a broader surface. 2. To extend ; to form
into a plate. 3. To set ; to place ; to pitch. 4. To cover
by extending something ; to reach every part. 5. To ex-
tend ; to shoot to a greater length in every direction, so as
to fill or cover a wider space. G. To divulge ; to propa-
gate ; to publish ; as news or fame ; to cause to be more
extensively known. 7. To propagate ; to cause to affect
greater numbers. 8. To emit ; to diff'use ; as emanations
or effluvia. 9. To disperse ; to scatter over a larger sur-
face. 10. To prepare ; to set and furnish vi'ith provisions.
IL To open ; to unfold ; to unfurl ; to stretch.
SPREAD, (spred) v.i. 1. To extend itself in length and
breadth, in all directions, or in breadth only ; to" be ex
tended or stretched. 2. To be extended by drawing or
beating. 3. To be propagated or made known more ex-
tensively. 4. To be propagated from one to another.
SPREAD, 7i. 1. Extent; compass. 2. Expansion of parts.
SPREAD'ER, (spred'er) n. 1. One that spreads, extends,
expands or propagates. 2. One that divulges ; one that
causes to be, more generally known ; a publisher.
SPREAD'ING, j}pr. 1. Extending; expanding; propagat-
ing; divulging; dispersing; dift'using. 2. a. Extending
or extended over a large space ; wide.
SPREAD'ING, n. Tlie act of extending, dispersing or prop-
agating.
tSPI "
RENT, T^;?. Sprinkled. [See Sprinkle.] Spenser.
SPREY, a. Spruce. See Spruce.
SPRIG, 71. [W. ysbrig.] 1. A small shoot or twig of a tree
or other plant ; a spray. 2. A brad, or nail witir ni a
head ; [local.] 3. The representation of a small branc^,
in embroidery. 4. A small eye-bolt ragged at the point
SPRIG, V. t. To mark or adorn with the represenJatioii of
small branches ; to work with sprigs.
SPRIG '-GRYSrTAL, n. Crystal found in the form of a hex-
angular column, adhering to the stone.
See Synopsis M(5VE. BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K • 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsoleti^
SPR
782
SPU
SPRIGGED, pp Wrought with representations of small
twigs.
SPRIG'GING, ppr. Working with sprigs.
SPRIG'GY, a. Full of sprigs or small branches.
SPRIGHT, I n. [G. spriet.] 1. A spirit : a shade ; a soul ;
SPRITE, 5 an incorporeal agent. 2. A walking spirit ;
an apparition. .3. Power which gives cheerfulness or
courage ; [obs.] 4. An arrow ; [obs.]
i SPRrGHT, V. t. To haunt, as a spright. ShaJi.
SPRIG HT'FUL, a. Livelv ; brisk ; nimble ; vigorous ; gay.
SPRIGHT'FUL-LY, adv'. Briskly ; vigorously. Shak.
SPRlGHl"FUL-NESS, n. Briskness; liveliness; vivacity.
SPRiGHT'LESS, a. Destitute of life ; dull; sluggish.
SPRlGHT'LI-NESS, n. Liveliness ; life ; oriskness ; vigor ;
activity ; gayety ; vivacity.
SPRIGHTLY, a. Lively; brisk; animated; vigorous;
airy; gd./. Dryden.
SPRING, V. i. I pret. sprung, [sprang not wholly obsolete ,•]
pp. sprung. lSax.springan;D.,G.springe7i.] 1. To veg-
etate and rise out of the ground ; to begin to appear ; as
vegetables. 2. To begin to grow. 3. To proceed, as
from the seed or cause. 4. To arise ; to appear ; to begin
to appear or exist. 5. T > break forth ; to issue into sight
or notice. 6. To issue or proceed, as from ancestors or
from a country. 7. To proceed, as from a cause, reason,
principle or other original. 8. To grow ; to thrive. 9. To
proceed or issue, as from a fountain or source. 10. To
leap ; to bound ; to jump. 11. To fly back ; to start. 12.
To start or rise suddenly from a covert. 13. To shoot ; to
issue with speed and violence. 14. To bend or wind
from a straight direction oi plane surface. — To spring at,
to leap towards ; to attempt to reach by a leap. — 7'o spring
in, to rush in; to enter with a leap or in haste. — To
spring forth, to leap out ; to rush out. — To spring on or
upon, to leap on ; to assault.
SPRING, v.t. 1. To start or rouse, as game ; to cause to
rise from the earth or from a covert. 2. To produce
quickly or unexpectedly. 3. To start ; to contrive ur to
produce or propose on a sudden ; to produce unexpected-
ly. 4. To cause to explode. 5. To burst; to cause to
open. 6. To crack. 7. To cause to close suddenly, as
^ the parts of a trap.
SPRING, 7!. 1. A leap ; a bound ; a jump ; as of an animal.
2. A flying back ; the resilience of a body recovering its
former state by its elasticitj-. 3. Elastic power or force.
4. An elastic body ; a body which, when bent or forced
from its natural state, has the power of recovering it. 5.
Any active power ; that by which action or motion is pro-
duced or propagated. 6. A fountain' of water; an issue
of water from the earth, or the basin of water at the place
of its issue. 7. The place where water usually issues
from the earth, though no water is there. 8. A souixe ;
that from which supplies are drawn. 9. Rise; priginal.
10. Cause; original 11. The season of the year when
plants begin to vegetate and rise ; the vernal season. — 12.
In seamen's language, a crack in a mast or 3'ard, running
obliquely or transversely. 13. A rope passed out of a
ship's stern and attached to a cable proceedmg from her
bow, when she is at anchor. 14. A plant ; a shoot ; a
yuung tree ; [obs.] 15. A youth ; [obs.] 16. A hand ; a
shoulder of pork ; [obs.]
i- SPRING'AL, n. A vouth. Spenser.
6PRING'-B0K, n. [D. spring and bok.] An African animal
of the antelope kind. Barroic.
SPRINGE, (sprinj) n. A gin : a noose ; which, being fasten-
ed to an elastic body, is drawn close with a sudden spring,
by which means it catches a bird.
SPRINGE, V. t. To catch in a springe ; to insnare.
SPRING'ER, ?!. 1. One who springs ; one that rouses game.
2. A name given to the grampus. — ^3. In architecture, the
rib of a groin or concentrated vault.
SPRING'-HALT, n. [spring and halt.] A kind of lameness
in which a horse twitches up his legs. Shak. See String-
halt.
SPRING '-HE AD, 71. A fountain or source. Herbert.
SPRING'I-NESS, n. 1. Elasticity ; also, the power of
springing. 2. The state of abounding with springs ; wet-
ness; spunginess, as of land.
SPRING'ING, ppr. Arising ; shooting up ; leaping ; pro-
ceeding ; rousing.
SPRING'ING, 71. 1. The act or process of leaping, arising,
issuing or proceeding. 2. Growth : increase. Ps. Ixv.—
3. In building, the side of an arch contiguous to the part
iin which it rests.
jSPRIN'GLE, 71. A springe ; a noose. Carew.
SPRING'-TlDE, n. The tide which happens at or soon after
the new and full moon, which rises higher than common
tides.
SPRING'- WHe AT, n. A species of wheat to be sown in
the spring ; so called in distinction from icinter wheat.
SPRING'Y, a. [fiom spring.] 1. Elastic; possessing the
power of recovering itself when bent or twisted. 2. Ha%^-
ing great elastic power. 3. Havuig the power to leap ;
able to leap far. 4. Abounding with springs or fountains j
wet ; spungy.
SPRIN'KLE, V. t. [Sax. sprengan ; D. sprenkelen, spren-
gen ; G. sprengen ; Dan. sprinkler.] 1. To scatter ; to
disperse ; as a liquid or a dry substance composed of fine
separable particles. 2. To scatter on ; to disperse on in
small drops or particles ; to besprinkle. 3. To wash ; to
cleanse ; to purify.
SPRIN'KLE, V. i. 1. To perform the act of scattermg a
liquid or any fine substance, so that it may fall in small
particles. 2. To rain moderately.
SPRINKLE, n. A small quantity scattered ; also, a uten-
sil for sprinkling. Spenser.
SPRIN'KLED, pp. 1. Dispersed in small particles. 2. Har
ing a liquid or a fine substance scattered over.
SPRIN'KLER, n. One that sprinkles.
SPRINKLING, j3;>r. 1. Dispersing, as a liquid or as dust.
2. Scattering on, in fine drops or particles.
SPRIN'KLING, 71. 1. The act of scattering in small drops
or parcels. Hall. 2. A small quantity falling in distinct
drops or parts, or coming moderately.
t SPRIT, 1-. t. [Sax. spryttan ; D. spruiten.] To throw oat
with force from a narrow orifice ; to eject ; to spurt.
SPRIT, V. i. To sprout ; to bud ; to germinate ; as barley
steeped for malt.
SPRIT, 71. 1. A shoot ; a sprout. 2. [D. spriet.] A small
boom, pole or spar which crosses the sail of a boat diag-
onally from the mast to the upper aftmost corner, which -
it is used to extend and elevate.
SPRITE, 71. A spirit.
SPRlTE'FUL. SeeSpRiGHTFUL.
SPRlTE'FUL-LY. See Sprightfullt.
SPRlTE'Li-NESS. See Sprightliness.
SPRlTE'LY. See Sprightly.
SPRIT'-SAIL, 71. 1. The sail extended by a sprit. 2. A
sail attached to a yard which hangs under the bowsprit.
SPROD, ■)>. A salmon in its second year. Chambers.
t SPRONG, old pret. of spring. [Dutch.]
SPROUT, V. i. [D. spruiten"; Sax. spryttan.] 1. To shoot,
as the seed of a plant ; to germinate ; to push out new
shoots. 2. To shoot into ramifications. 3. To grow, like
shoots of plants.
SPROUT, 7i. 1. The shoot of a plant ; a shoot from the
seed, or from the stump, or from the root of a plant or tree.
2. A shoot from the end of a branch.
SPROUTS, 7?. pZu. Young cole worts. Johnson.
SPRUCE, a. Nice ; trim ; neat without elegance.
SPRUCE, V. t. To trim ; to dress with great neatness.
SPRUCE, V. i. To dress one's self with aflected neatness.
SPRUCE, 71. The fir-tree ; a name given to a species of
evergreen, the pinus nigra.
SPRuCE'-BEER, n. A kind of beer which is tinctured with
spruce.
SPRuCE'LY, adv. With extreme or afiected neatness.
SPRuCE'NESS, n. Neatness without taste or elegance
trimness ; fineness ; quaintness.
SPRuE, n. 1. A matter formed in the mouth in certain
diseases. — 2. In Scotland, that which is thrown ofi" in
casting metals ; scoria.
t SPRUG, V. t. To make smart.
SPRUNG, ^?-ef. and pp. of spring.
t SPRUNT, V. i. To spring up ; to germinate ; to spring
forward.
SPRUNT, 71. 1. Anything short and not easily bent ; [obs.]
2. A leap ; a spring ; [obs.] 3. A steep ascent in a road ;
[local.]
j SPRUNT, a. Active ; vigorous ; strong ; becoming strong.
t SPRUNT'LY, adv. Vigorously ; youthfully. B. Jonson.
SPRY, a. Having great power of leaping or running ; nim-
ble ; active ; vigorous. [This word is in common use in
JsTew England, and is doubtless a contraction of sprifr.]
SPUD, 7!. [Dan. spyd.] 1. A short knife ; [I. u.] £ Any
short thing ; in contempt. Swift. 3. A tool of the fork
kind, used by farmers.
SPUD, V. t. To dig or loosen the earth with a spud. [Local.]
SPUL'LERS of yarn, n. [perhaps properly spoolers.] Per-
sons employed to see that it be well spun and fit for the
loom. Diet.
SPUME, 71. [L., It. spuma.] Froth ; foam ; scum ; frothy
matter raised on liquors or fluid substances by boiling, ef-
fervescence or agitation.
SPUME, V. i. To froth ; to foam.
SPU-MES'CENCE, 7i. Frothiness ; the state of foaming
Kir lean.
SPp'MOUS, ; a. [li. spumeus.] Consisting of froth or scum ,
SPU'MY, \ foamy. Dryden.
SFlJlSi , pret. and pp. of spin.
SPUNGE, n. [L, spongia ; Gr. uTtoyyia ; Fr. eponge ; It
spugna ; Sp. esponja : Sax. spongea.] 1. A porous marine
substance, found "adhering to rocks, shells, &c. under
water, and on rocks about the shore at low water. — 2. In
gnnnery, an instrument for cleaning cannon after a dis-
charge. — 3. In the manege, the extremity or point of a
hoi-se-shoe, answering to the heel.
.See Synopsis. A, E, 1 O, O, S", long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
SPU
783
SQU
SPUNGE, V. t. 1 To wipe with a wet spunge. 2. To
wipe out with a spunge, as letters or writing. 3. To
cleanse with a spunge. 4. To wipe out completely •, to
extinguish or destroy.
SPUNGE. V. i. 1. To suck in or imbibe, as a spunge. 2.
To gain by mean arts, by intrusion or hanging on.
SPUNGED, pp. Wiped with a spunge ; wiped out.
SPUXG'ER, n. One who uses a spunge ; a hanger on.
SPUNG'I-FORM, a. [spunge and form.] Eesembling a
spunge ; soft and porous ; porous.
SPUNG I-NESS, n. The quality or state of being spungy,
or porous like spunge. Harvey.
SPUNG'ING-HOUSE, n. A bailiff's house to put debtors in.
SPUXG'I-OUS, a. Full of small cavities, like a spunge.
SPUNG'Y, a. 1. Soft and full of cavities ; of an open,
loose, pliable texture. 2. Full of small cavities. 3. Wetj
drenched ; soaked and soft, hke spunge. 4. Having the
quality of imbibing fluids.
SPUN'-HaY, n. Hay twisted into ropes for convenient car-
riage on a military expedition.
SPUNK, 11. [probably from pa7j/f.j 1. Touchwood; wood
that readily takes fire. — 2. Vulgarly, an inflammable
temper ; spirit ; as, a man of spunk ; [loic.']
SPUNK' Y, a. Spirited ; a low colloquial word derived from
spunk.
SPUA''-YXRX, 71. Among seamen, a line or cord formed of
two or three rope-yarns twisted.
SPUR, n. [Sax. spur ; D. spoor.] 1. An instrument having
a rowel or little wheel with sharp points, worn on horse-
men's heels, to prick the horses for hastening their pace.
2. Incitement ; instigation. 3. The largest or principal
root of a tree ; hence, perhaps, the short wooden buttress
of a post. 4. The hard, pointed projection on a cock's
leg, which serves as an instrument of defense and annoy-
ance. 5. Something that projects ; a snag. — 6. In Amer-
ica, a mountain that shoots from any other mountain or
range of mountains. 7. That which excites. 8. A sea
swallow. 9. The liinder part of the nectary in certain
flowers, shaped like a cock's spur. J\tartiin. 10. [Fr. er-
got.] A morbid shoot or excrescence in grain, particularly
in rye. — 11. In old fortifications, a wall that crosses a part
of the rampart and joins upon the town wall.
SPUR, V. t. [Ir. sporam.] 1. To prick with spurs ; to in-
cite to a more hasty pace. 2. To incite ; to instigate ; to
urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous^pursuit
of an object. 3. To impel 3 to drive. 4. "To put spurs
on.
SPUR, V. i, 1. To travel with great expedition ; {unusual.]
2. To press forward. Greic.
SPUR GALL, v. t. To gall or wound with a spur. Shak.
SPUR'GALL, n. A place galled or excoriated by much using
of the spur.
SPUR'GALLED, pp. Galled or hurt by a spur. Pope.
SPURGE", 78. fFr. spurge : It. spurgo.] A plant.
SPURGE'-FL'AX, n. A plant. [L. thymeUa.]
SPURGE'-LAU-REL, n. The daphne Zaureoia, a shrub.
SPURGE'-OL-lVE, n. Mezereon, a shrub of the genus
daphne.
SPURGE'-WoRT, n. A plant. [L. xiphion.]
tSPURG'ING, for purging. B. Jonson.
SPuRI-OUS, a. [L. spurius.] 1. Not genuine; not pro-
ceeding from the true source, or from the source pretend-
ed ; counterfeit ; false ; adulterate. 2. Not legitimate ;
bastard.
SPu'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Counterfeitly ; falsely.
SPU'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being
counterfeit, false or not genuine. 2. Illegitimacy ; the
state of being bastard, or not of legitimate birth.
SPUR'LING, n._ A small sea-fish.
SPUR'LING-LlNE, ?!. Among seamen, the line which
forms the communication between the wheel and the
tell-tale.
SPURN, V. t. [Sax. spurnan ; L. spenio.] I. To kick ; to
drive back or away, as with the foot. Shak. 2. To reject
with disdain ; to scorn to receive or accept. 3. To treat
with contempt.
SPURN, V. i. 1. To manifest disdain in rejecting any thing.
2. To make contemptuous opposition ; to manifest disdain
in resistance. 3. To kick or toss up the heels.
SPURN, n. Disdainful rejection; contemptuous treatment.
SPURNED, pp. Rejected with disdain.
SPURN'ER, n. One who spurns.
SPURN'EY, n. A plant. Diet.
SPURN'ING, ppr. Rejecting witJi contempt.
SPURN'-WA-TER, n. In ships, a channel at the end of a
, deck to restrain the water.
SPURRE, 7!. A name of the sea-swallow.
SPURRED, pp. 1. Furnished with spurs. 2. a. Wearing
spurs, or having shoots like spurs.
SPUR RER, n. One who uses spurs.
SPURTJ-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make spurs.
6PUR'-R0Y-AL, n. A gold coin first made in the reign
of Edward IV. Sometimes written spur-rial or ryal.
Beaumont.
L'TLE, v.t. To^'shoot in a scattering manner. [L u\
L' Wa Y, « . A horse-path ; a narrow way ; a bridle-
SPUR'PtY, 71. A plant of the genus spergula.
SPURT, V. t. [Sw. spruta.] To throw out, as a liquid in a
stream ; to drive or force out with violence, as a liquid
from a pipe or small orifice.
SPURT, V. i. To gush or issue out in a stream, as liquoi
from a cask ; to rush from a confined place in a small
stream.
SPURT, n. 1. A sudden or violent ejection or gushing of a
liquid substance from a tu>be, orifice or other confined
place; a jet. 2. A sudden or short occasion or exigency ;
sudden effort ; [vulcrar.]
SPUR'TLE, " " ■
SPUR'
road ; a way for a single beast. [Little -used.]
tSPU-TA'TlON, «. [L.sputo.] The act of spitting.
t SPU'TA-TlVE, a. Spitting much ; inchned to spit.
SPUT'TER, V. i. [D. spuiten ; Sw. spotta ; L. sputo.] 1 To
spit, or to emit saliva from the mouth in small or scattered
portions, as in rapid speaking. 2. To throw out moisture
in small detached parts. 3. To fly off" in small particles
with some crackling or noise. 4. To utter words hastily
and indistinctly.
SPUT'TER, V. t. To throw out with haste and noise ; to
utter with indistinctness. Sicift.
SPUT TER, n. Moist matter thrown out in small particles.
SPUT'TERED, pp. Thrown out in small portions, as
liquids ; uttered with haste and indistinctness.
SPUT'TER-ER, n. One that sputters.
SPUT'TER-ING, ppr. Emitting in small particles ; uttering
rapidly and indistinctly ; speaking hastily.
SPY, 71. [It. spia ; Fr. espion ; Sp. cspia.] 1. A person sent
into an enemy's camp to gain intelligence to be commu-
nicated secretly to the proper officer. 2. A person deputed
to watch the conduct of others- 3. One who watches the
conduct of others
SPY, V. t. 1. To see ; to gain sight of ^ to discover at a dis-
tance, or in a state of concealment.' 2. To discover by
close search or examination. 3, To explore ; to view, in
spect and examine secretly
SPY, v.i. To search nan-owly ; to scrutinize.
SPY'-EoAT, 7!. [spy^ and boat.] A boat sent to make dis-
coveries and bring intelligence. Arbuthnot.
SPY'- GLASS, n. The popular name of a small telescope,
useful in viewing distant objects.
SQUAB, a. 1. Fat; thick; plump; bulky. Betterton. 2.
Unfledged; unfeathered ; as, a s^j^aS pigeon. King.
SQ.UAB, 71. 1. A young pigeon or dove. [This icord is in
common Tise in America.] 2. A kind of sofa or couch"; a
stuffed cushion.
t SQUAB, a(f«. Striking at once; with a heavy fall ; plump.
t SQUAB, V. i. To fall plump; to strike at one dash, or
with "a heavv stroke.
SQUAB'BISH, or SQUAB'BY, a. Thick ; fat ; heavy. Har-
vey.
SQUAB'BLE, v. i. 1. To contend for superiority ; to scuf-
fle ;' to struggle. 2. To contend ; to wrangle ; to quarrel
3. To debate peevishly ; to dispute.
SQUAB'BLE, n. A scuffle ; a wrangle ; a brawl; a petty
quarrel. Arbuthnot.
SQUAB'BLER, n. A contentious person ; a brawler.
SQUAB'BLING,^/)?-. Scuffling; contending; wrangling.
SQUAB'-PlE, n. A pie made of squabs or young pigeons.
SQUAD, n. [Ft. esco^iade.] A company of armed men 3 a
partv learning military exercise ; any small party.
SQUAD'RON, 71. [Fr. escadron; It. squadra.] 1. In its pri-
mary sense, a square or square form ; and lience, a square
body of troops ; a body drawn up in a square. 2. A body
of troops, infantry or cavalry, indefinite ^a number. 3.
A division of a fleet 3 a detacliuient of ships of war, em-
ployed on a particular expedition ; or one third part of a
naval armament.
SQUAD'RONED, a. Formed into squadrons. Milton.
SQUAL'ID, a. [L. squalidus.] Foul 3 filthy 3 extremely
dirty.
SQUAL'ID-NESS, n. Foulness ; filthiness.
SQUALL, V. i. [Sw. sqvala.] To cry out ; to scream 01
cry violently ; as a woman frightened, or a cliild in angei
or distress.
SQUALL, K. 1. A loud scream 3 a harsh ciy. Pope. 2.
[Sw. sqval.] A sudden gust of violent wind. Ma. Diet
SQUALL'ER, 77. A screamer 3 one that cries loud.
SQUALL'ING, yp»-. Crying out harshly ; screaming.
SQUALL'Y, a. 1. Abounding with squalls ; disturbed often
witli sudden and violent gusts of wind. — 2. \n agri^-^dturt.
broken into detached pieces ; interrupted byunprouuctive
spots ; [local.]
SQ'Ua'LOR, 77. [L.] Foulness; filthiness; coarseness.
SQUAM'I-FORM, a. [L. squama, and form .] IZav.ng the
form or shape of scales.
SQUA-MIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. squamiger.] Bear^n^ scales.
SQUa'MOUS, a. [L. squamosus.] Scaly; cnvereJ with
scales. Woodward.
SQUAN'DER,f. f. [G.verschwenden.] 1. To sp-'-pd lavishly
or profusely ; to spend prodigally 3 to uissinate 3 to waste
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ;'cH as SH ; TH as in thi<s ] Obsolete
SQU
784
STA
without economy or judgment. 2. To scatter ; to dis-
perse; [obs.]
SQ.UAN'DERED, pp. Spent lavishly and without necessi-
ty or use ; wasted ; dissipated, as property.
SQ,UAN'DER-ER, n. One who spends his money prodi-
gally, without necessity or use ; a spendthrift ; a prodigal ;
a waster ; a lavisher.
SUUx\N'DER-ING, ppr. Spending lavishly ; wasting.
SQ,UARE, a. [W. ciear ; Fr. carre, quarreJ] 1. Having
four equal sides and four right angles. 2. Forming a
right angle. 3. Parallel; exactly suitable ; true. 4. Hav-
ing a straight front, or a frame formed with straight
lines; not curving. 5. That does equal justice; exact ;
fair ; honest. 6. Even ; leaving no balance. — Square
root, in geometry and arithmetic. TJie square root of a
quantity or number is that wliich, multiplied by itself, pro-
duces the square.
SCtUARE, n. 1. A figure having four equal sides and four
right angles. 2. An area of four sides, with houses on
each side. 3. The content of the side of a figure squared.
4. An instrument among mechanics, by wliich they form
right angles, or otherwise measure angles. — 5. In geovie-
try and arithmetic, a square, or square number, is the prod-
uct of a number multiplied by itself. 6. Rule ; regulari-
ty ; exact proportion ; justness of workmanship and con-
duct ; [ohs,] 7. A square body of troops ; a squadron ;
[ohs.] 8. A quaternion ; four ; [ohs.] 9. Level ; equality.
— 10. In astrology, quartile ; the position of planets dis-
tant ninety degrees from each other; [oi.s,] 11. Rule ;
conformity ; accord.
SQUARE, -y. t. [Fr. equarrir.] 1. To form with four equal
sides a.-d four right angles. 2. To reduce to a square ; to
form to right angles. 3. To reduce to any given measure or
standard. 4. To adjust ; to regulate ; to mold ; to shape.
5. To accommodatsr ; to fit. 6. To respect in quartile. 7.
To make even, so as to leave no difference or balance. —
8. In arithmetic, to multiply a number by itself. — 9. In
seamen'' s language, to square the yards, is to place them at
right angles with the mast or keel.
SQUARE, V. i. 1. To suit ; to fit ; to quadrate ; to accord
or agree. 2. To quarrel ; to go to opposite sides ; [obs.]
t SQUARE'LY, adv. Suitably ; in conformity.
SQUARE'NESS, n. The state of being square.
SQUARE'-RIGGED, a. In seamen's lav guage, a vessel is
square-rigged when her principal sails are extended by
yards s-ispended by the middle, and not by stays, gaffs,
booms and lateen yards.
SQUARE'-SaIL, n. In seamen's language, a sail" extended
to a yard suspended by the middle. Mar. Diet.
SQUAR'ISH, a. Nearly square. Pennant.
SQUAR'ROUS, a. Tn botany, scurfy or ragged, or full of
scales ; rough ; jagged.
SQUASH, V. t. [from the root of quash ; L. quasso ; Fr.
casser,] To crush ; to beat or press into pulp or a flat
mass.
SQUASH, n. 1. Something soft and easily crushed. Shak.
2. [qu. Gr. (riKvog.] A plant of the genus cucurbita, and
its ftoiit ; a culinary vegetable. 3. Something unripe or
soft ; 171 coiuempt. 4. A sudden fall of a heavy, soft body.
5. A shock of soft bodies.
SQUAT, V. i. [W. ysioatiatc ; It. quatto.] 1. To sit down
upon the hams or heels ; as a human being. 9. To sit
close to the ground ; to cower ; as an animal. — 3. In the
United States, to settle on anotlier's land without pretense
of title.
t SQUAT, V. t. To bruise or make flat by a fall. Barret.
SQUAT, a. 1. Sitting on the hams or heels ; sitting close
to the ground; cowering. 2. Short and thick, like the
figure of an animal squatting.
SQUAT, n. 1. The posture of one that sits on his hams, or
close to the ground. 2. A sudden or crushing fall ; [obs.]
3. A sort of mineral.
SQUATT, n. Among miners, a bed of ore extending but a
little distance.
SQUAT'TER, n. 1. One that squats or sits close.— 2. In
the United States, one that settles on new land v/ithout
a title.
SQUEAK, V. i. [Sw. sqvaka ; G. quieken.] 1. To utter a
sharp, shrill cry, usually of short duration ; to cry with
an acute tone, as an animal ; or to make a sharp noise, as
a pipe or quill, a wheel, a door and tlie like. 2. To break
silence or secrecy for fear or pain ; to speak.
SQUeAK, n. A sharp, shrill sound suddenly uttered.
SQUeAK'ER, 71. One that utters a sJiarp, shrill sound.
SQUeAK'ING, ppr. Crying with a sharp voice ; making a
sharp sound ; as, a squeaking wheel.
SQUeAL, v. i. [Tliis is only a different orthography of
squall.'] To cry with a sharp, shrill voice. It is used of
animals only, and chiefly of swine.
SQUeAL'ING, ppr Uttering a sharp, shrill sound or voice.
SQUi5A]VriSH,a. Nice to excess in taste ; fastidious ; eas-
ily disgusted ; apt to be offended at trifling improprieties ;
scrupulous.
SQUeAM'ISH-LY, adm. In a fastidious manner ; with too
much niceness.
SQUeAM'ISH-NESS, n. Excessive niceness ; vicious del-
icacy of taste ; fastidiousness ; excessive scrupulous-
ness ._
t SQUeAS'I-NESS, 71. Nausea. See Queasiness.
t SQUeAS'Y, a. Queasy ; nice ; squeamish ; scrupulous.
SQUEEZE, V. t. [Arm. quasqu, goasca.] 1. To press be-
tween two bodies ; to press closely. 2. To oppress with
hardships, burdens and taxes ; to harass ; to crush. 3. To
hug ; to embrace closely. 4. To force between close bod-
ies ; to compel or cause to pass.
SQUEEZE, V. i. 1. To press ; to urge oHe's way ; to pass
by pressing. 2. To crowd.
SQUEEZE, 7?. 1. Pressure ; compression between bodies.
PiiiUips. 2. A close hug or embrace.
SQUEEZED, pp. Pressed between bodies ; compressed ;
oppressed.
SQUEEZING, ppr. Pressing ; compressing ; crowding ;
oppressing.
SQUEEZ'ING, 71. ], The act of pressing; compression ;
oppression. 2. That which is forced out by pressure ;
dregs,
t SQUELCH, or f SQUELSH, v. t. To crush. [A low word.]
t SQUELCH, 71. A heavy fall. [Low.] Hudibras.
SQUIB, 71. 1. A little pipe or hollow cylinder of paper,
filled with powder or combustible matter and sent into
the air, burning and bursting with a crack ; a cracker. 2.
A sarcastic speech or little censorious writing published ;
a petty lampoon. 3. A pretty fellow ; [obs.]
SQUIB, V. i. To throw squibs ; to utter sarcastic or severe
reflections ; to contend in petty dispute.
SQUIB'BING, ppr. Throwing squibs or severe reflections.
SQUIB'BING, n. The act of throwing squibs or severe re-
flections.
SQUIG'GLE, or SQUIRM, v. i. To move about like an eel.
These synonymous words are used in New England vi low
or familiar conversation. The latter is a provincial word in
England. Pick. Vocab.
SQUILL, 71. [Fr. squille ; L. squilla.] 1. A plant of the ge-
nus scilla. 2. A fish, or rather a crustaceous animal. 3.
An insect,
t SQUIN'AN-CY, n. [Fr. squinancie.] The quinsy,
SQUINT, a. [D, schuin, schuinte.] 1, Looking obliquely ;
having the optic axes directed to different objects, 2.
Looking with suspicion.
SQUINT, V. i. 1, To see obliquely. 2, To h^ve the axes
of the eyes directed to different objects. 3. To slope ; to
deviate from a tnie line ; to run obliquely.
SQUINT, V. t. 1, To turn the eye to an oblique position ;
to look indirectly, 2, To form the eye to oblique vis-
ion.
SQUINT'-E^ED, a. 1, Having eyes that squint ; having
oblique vision. 2, Oblique ; indirect ; mahgnant, 3,
Looking obliquely or by side glances.
SQUIN-TI-Fe'GO, a. Squinting. [A cant word.] Dryden.
SQUINT'ING, ppr. Seeing or looking obliquely.
SQUINT'ING, 71, The act or habit of looking obliquely,
SQUINT'ING-LY, adv. With an oblique look ; by side
glances,
SQUIN'Y, v.i. To look squint. [A cant word.] Shak.
t SQUiR, V. t. To throw ; to thrust ; to drive. Tatter.
SQUIRE, n. [a popular contraction of esquire. See Es-
quire.] 1. In Oreat Britain, the ti^'e of a gentleman
next in rank to a knight. — 2. In Oreat Britain, an attend-
ant on a noble warrior. Pepe. 3. An attendant at court.
Shak. — 4, In the United States, the title of magistrates and
lawyers. — In JVew England, ii is particularly given to jus-
tices of the peace and judges, 5. The title customarily
given to gentlemen,
SQUIRE, v.t. I. To attend as a squire.— 2. In colloquial
language, to attend as a beau or gallant for aid and pro-
tection.
SQUiRE'HOOD, or SQUlRE'SHIP, n. The rank and state
of a squire. Shelton.
SQUlRE'LY, a. Becoming a squire. Shelton.
SQUIR'REL, (squer'rel) n. [Fr. ecureuil.] A small quad-
ruped of the genus sciums, order of ^hVes, and class inam~
malia.
SQUIR'REL HUNT, n. In America, the hunting and
shooting of squirrels by a company of men.
SQUIRT, V. t. To eject or drive out of a narrow pipe or ori-
fice, in a stream.
t SQUiRT, V. i. To throw out words ; to let fly.
SQUiRT, n. 1. An instrument with which a liquid is
ejected in a stream with force. 2, A small, quick stream,
SO„UiRT'ER, 71, One that squirts. [ Vulgar.]
STAB, V.t. 1. To pierce with a pointed weapon. 2. To
wound mischievously or mortally ; to kill by the thrust of
a pointed instrument. 3, To injure secretly or by mali-
cious falsehood or slander.
STAB,7J.i, 1, To give a wound with a pointed weapon. 2.
To give a mortal wound.
STAB, n. 1, The thrust of a pointed weapon. 2. A wound
See Synoi^is. A, E, I, O, fJ, Y, long.—YXR, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— PiN, MARtNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
STA
785
STA
with a sharp-pointed weapon. 3. An injury given in the
dark ; a sly mischief.
STABBED, pip. Pierced with a pointed weapon; killed
with a spear or other pointed instrument.
STAB'BER, n. One that stabs ; a privy murderer.
STAB'BING, fpr. Piercing with a pointed weapon.
STAB'BING, n. The act of piercing with a pointed weapon ;
the act of wounding or killing with a pointed instru-
ment,
t STAB'BING-LY, a(fB. With intent to do a dark injury;
maliciously. Bp. Parker.
STA-BIL'I-MENT, n. [L, staiilimentum.] Act of making
firm ; firm support. Derham.
t STA-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. To make stable ; to establish.
STA-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. stabilitas.] 1. Steadiness ; stable-
ness ; firmness ; strength to stand without being moved
or overthrow^n. 2. Steadiness or firmness of character ;
firmness of resolution or purpose. 3. Fixedness.
STa'BLE, a. [L. stabilis ; Fr. stable ,• It. stabile.] 1. Fix-
ed ; firmly established ; not to be easily moved, shaken
or overthrown. 2. Steady in purpose ; constant ; firm in
resolution ; not easily divened from a purpose ; not fickle
or wavering. 3. Fixed ; steady ; firm ; not easily sur-
rendered or abandoned. 4. Durable ; not subject to be
overthrown or changed.
f STa'BLE, v. t. To fix ; to establish.
STa'BLE, n. [L. stabulura.] A house or shed for beasts to
lodge and feed in.
STa'BLE, v. t. To put or keep in a stable.
STa'BLE, v. i. To dwell or lodge in a stable ; to dwell in
an inclosed place ; to kennel. Milton.
STa'BLE-BOY, or STa'BLE-MAN, n. A boy or a man
■vylio attends at a stable. Swift.
STa'BLED, pp. Put or kept in a stable.
STa'BLE-NESS, n. 1. Fixedness; firmness of position or
establishment ; strength to stand ; stability. 2. Steadi-
ness ; constancy ; firmness of purpose ; stability.
STa'BLE-STAND, n. In English law, when a man is found
at his standing in the forest with a cross bow bent, ready
to shoot at a deer, or with a long bow ; or standing close
by a tree witli greyhounds in a leash ready to slip. This
is one of the four presumptions that a man intends steal-
ing the king's deer.
STa'BLING, ppr. Putting or keeping in a stable.
STa'BLING, n. 1. The act of keeping cattle in a stable. 2.
A house, shed or room for keeping horses and cattle.
t STAB'LISH, V. t. [L. stabilio ; Fr. etablir.] To fix ; to set-
tle in a state for permanence ; to make firm.
STa'BLE, adv. Firmly; fixedly; steadily.
t STAB'U-LA-TION, n. Act of housing beasts. Cockeram.
STA€K, n. [W. ystac, ystaca ; Dan. stak ; Sw. stack.] 1.
A large conical pile of hay, grain or straw, sometimes cov-
ered with thatch. 2. A number of funnels or chimneys
standing together.
STA€K, V. t. 1. To lay in a conical or other pile ; to
maKe into a large pile. — 2. In England, to pile wood,
poles, &c.
STACKED, pp. Piled in a large conical heap.
STA€K'ING, ppr. Laying in a large conical heap.
STA€K'ING-BAND, ) n. A band or rope used in binding
STA€K'ING-BELT, \ thatch or straw upon a stack.
STAeK'ING-STA6E, n. A stage used in building stacks.
STACK' YARD, n. A yard for stacks of hay.
STACTE, n. [L. stacte ; Gr. cTaKTrj.] A fatty, resinous,
liquid matter, of the nature of liquid myrrh, very odorif-
erous, and highly valued.
STAD'DLE, n. [D. stutzel.] 1. Any thing which serves
for support ; a staff"; a crutch ; the frame or support of a
stack of hay or grain. England. — 2. In JYew England, a.
small tree of any kind, particularly a forest tree.
STAD'DLE, V. t. To leave staddles when a wood is cut.
STAD'DLE-ROOF, n. The roof or covering of a stack.
STADE, n. [L. stadium.] A furlong. Donne.
STa'DI-UM, n. [L.] 1. A Greek measure of 125 geo-
metrical paces ; a furlong. 2. The course or career of a
race.
STADT'HoLD-ER, (stat'hold-er) n. [D. stadt and houder.]
Formerly, the chief magistrate of the United Provinces of
Holland ; or the governor or lieutenant governor of a
province.
STADT'HoLD-ER-ATE, n. The office of a stadtholder.
STAFF, 7t. [Sax. st(Bf ; D. staf.] 1. A stick
carried in the hand for support or defense by a person
walking ; hence, a support ; that which props or upholds.
2. A stick or club used as a weapon. 3. A long piece of
wood ; a stick ; the long handle of an instrument ; a pole
or stick, used for many purposes. 4. The five lines and
the spaces on wiiich music is written. 5. An ensign of
authority ; a badge of office. 6. The round of a ladder.
7. A pole erected in a ship to hoist and display a flag ;
called a Hag-staff.— 8. [Fr. estafette.] In military affairs,
an establishment of officers in various departments, at-
tached to an army, or to the commander of an army. 9.
[Ice. stef.] A stanza.— 10. Stave and staves, plu. of staff
See Stave.
fSTAFF'ISH, a. Stiff"; harsh. Ascham.
STAFF'-TREE, n. A sort of evergreen privet.
STAG, n. 1. The male red deer ; the male of the hind. 2,
A colt or filly; also, a romping girl; [local.] Grose —
3. In JVew England, the male of the common ox cas-
trated.
STAG'-BEE-TLE,7i. A species of insect.
STAGE, n. [Fr. etage.] I. Properly, one step or degree of
elevation. 2. A floor or platform of any kind elevated
above the ground or common surface, as for an exhibition
of something to public view. 3. The floor on which the-
atrical performances are exhibited. 4, The theatre ; the
placeof scenic entertainments. Pope. 5. Theatrical rep-
resentations, 6. A place where any thing is publicly ex-
hibited. 7. Place of action or performance. 8. A place
of rest on a journey, or where a relay of horses is taken.
9. The distance between two places of rest on a road.
10. A single step ; degree of advance ; degree of progres-
sion. 11. [Instead of stage-coach, or stage-wagon.] A
coach or other carriage running regularly from one place
to another for the conveyance of passengers, Swifi.
t STAGE,_t;. t. To exhibit publicly. Sha,i,.
STaGE'CoACH, 71, A coach that runs by stages ; or a coach
that runs regularly every day or on stated days, for the
conveyance of passengers, Addison.
STaGE'LY, a. Pertaining to a stage ; becoming the thea-
tr^. [Little used.] Taylor.
STaGE'-PLAY, 71. Theatrical entertainment,
STaGE'-PLaY-ER, n. An actor on the stage ; one whose
occupation is to represent characters on the stage.
STaG'ER, n. 1, A player ; [I. u.] 2. One that has long
acted on the stage of life ; a practitioner ; a person of cun
ning, Dryden.
t STa'GER-Y, n. Exhibition on the stage. Milton.
STAG'-E-VIL, n. A disease in horses. Diet.
STAG'GARD, n. A stag of four years of age,
STAG'GER, v. i. [D. staggeren.] 1, To reel ; to vacillate ;
to move to one side and the other in standing or walking;
not to stand or walk with steadiness. 2. To fail ; to
cease to stand firm ; to begin to give way. 3, To hesi-
tate ; to begin to doubt and waver in purpose ; to become
less confident or determined.
STAG'GER, V. t. 1, To cause to reel, 2, To cause to
doubt and waver ; to make to hesitate ; to make less
steady or confident ; to shock,
STAG'GERED, pp. Made to reel ; made to doubt.
STAG'GER-ING, ppr. Causing to real or to waver,
STAG'GER-ING, n. 1. The act of reeling, Arbuthnot. 2
The cause of staggering.
STAG'GER-ING-LY, adv. I. In a reeling manner. 2.
With hesitation or doubt.
STAG'GERS, n. plu. 1. A disease of horses and cattle, at-
tended with giddiness ; also, a disease of sheep. 2, Mad-
ness ; wild, irregular conduct ; [obs.] Shak.
STAG'GER-WoRT, n. A plant, ragwort,
STa'GING, 71. Used in the United States for scaffolding:
Pick. Vocab.
STAG'NAN-CY, 77. The state of being without motion, flow
or circulation, as in a fluid,
STAG'NANT, a. [L, stagnans.] 1, Not flowing ; not run-
ning in a current or stream. 2, Motionless; still; not
agitated. 3. Not active; dull; not brisk.
STAG'NATE, v. i. [L. stagno ; It, stagnare.] 1, To cease
to flow ; to be motionless, 2. To cease to move ; not to
be agitated. 3, To cease to be brisk or active ; to become
dull.
STAG-Na'TION, 71, 1. The cessation of flowing or circula-
tion of a fluid ; or the state of being without flow or cir-
culation ; the state of being motionless. 2, The cessa-
tion of action or of brisk action ; the state of being dull,
STAG'-WoRM, n. An insect that is troublesome to deer.
STAG'YR-ITE, n. An appellation given to Aristotle from
the place of his birth.
STaID, pret. and pp. of stay ; so written for stayea. 2. a
[from stay.] Sober; grave; steady; composed; regular;
not wild, volatile, flighty or fanciful,
STaID'NESS, n. Sobriety ; gravity ; steadiness ; regular-
ity,
STaIN, v. t. [W, ystaeniaw, ystaen.] 1. To discolor by
the application of foreign matter ; to make foul ; to spot
2. To dye ; to tinge with a different color, 3, To impress
with figures, in colors different from the ground. 4, To
blot ; to soil ; to spot with guilt or infamy ; to tarnish ; to
bring reproach on.
STAIN, n. 1. A spot ; discoloration from foreign matter.
2, A natural spot of a color different from the ground, 3.
Taint of guilt ; tarnish ; disgrace ; reproach, 4. Cause of
reproach ; shame,
STAINED, pp. Discolored ; spotted ; dyed ; tarnished,
STAIN'ER, n. 1. One who stains, blots or tarnishes. 2. A
dyer,
STAIN'ING, ppr. Discoloring; spotting; tarnishing.
• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, 06 VE ;— BULL, UNITE.
' ' 50
-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
STA
780
STA
STilN'LESS, a. 1. Free from stains or spots. Sidney. 2.
Free from the reproach of guilt ; free from sin. Shak
STAIR, n. [D.steiger; Sax. stceg-er ; Ir. staighre.] 1. A
step ; a stone or a frame of boards or planks by which a
person rises one step. — 2. Stairs, in the plural, a series
of steps by which persons ascend to a higher room in a
building.
STAIR'-CASE, n. [stair axid case.] The part of a building
wnich contains the stairs.
STAKE, 71. [Sax. stac; D. staaJc; Sw. stake.] 1. A small
piece of wood or timber, sharpened at one end and set in
the ground, or prepared for setting, as a support to some-
thing. 2. A piece of long, rough wood. 3. A palisade,
or something resembling it. 4. The piece of timber to
which a martyr is fastened when he is to be burnt. — 5.
Fig-uratively, martyrdom. 6. That which is pledged or
wagered. 7. The state of being laid or pledged as a
wager. 8. A small anvil to straighten cold work, or to
cut and punch upon.
STAKE, V. t. 1. To fasten, support or defend with stakes.
2. To mark the limits by stakes. 3. To wager : to pledge ;
to put at hazard upon the issue of competition, or upon a
future contingency. 4. To point or sharpen stakes. 5.
To pierce with a stake.
STAKED, pp. Fastened or supported by stakes ; set or
naarked with stakes; wagered ; put at hazard.
STaKE'-HEAD, n. In rope-raakbig, a stake with wooden
pijis in the upper side to keep the strands apart.
STAK'I'NG,ppr. 1. Supporting with stakes ; marking with
stakes; putting at hazard. 2. Sharpening.
STA-LA€'TI€, ) a. [from stalactite.] Pertaining to
STA-LA€'TI-€AL, \ stalactite ; resembling an icicle.
Kir2can.
STA-LA0TI-FORM, or STA-LAe-TIT'I-FORM, a. Like
stalactite ; resembling an icicle. Phillips.
STA-LA€'TITE, M. [Gr. (rra>a«:ros.] A subvariety of car-
bonate of lime, usually in a conical or cylindrical form,
pendent from the roofs and sides of caverns like an icicle ;
produced by the filtration of water containing calcarious
particles, through fissures and pores of rocks.
STA-LA€-TIT'ie, a. In the form of stalactite, or pendent
substances like icicles. Kir-wan.
STA-LAG'MITE, n. [L. stalagmium.] A deposit of earthy
or calcarious matter, formed by drops on the floors of cav-
erns.
STA-LAG-MIT'I€, a. Having the form of stalagmite.
STA-LAG-]\nT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of
stalagmite. Buckland.
STAL'DER, n. A wooden frame to set casks on.
STALE, a. 1. Vapid or tasteless from age ; having lost its
life, spirit and flavor from being long kept. 2. Having
lost the life or graces of youth ; worn out ; decayed. 3.
Worn out by use ; trite ; common ; having lost its novel-
ty and power of pleasing.
STALE, n. 1. Something set or ofiered to view as an al-
lurement to draw others to any place or purpose ; a de-
coy ; a stool-fowl ; [obs.] 2. A prostitute ; [obs.] 3. Old,
vapid beer ; [obs.] 4. [Sax. stel, stele,] A long handle.
5. A word applied to the king in chess when stalled or
set.
STALE, V. t. To make vapid or useless ; to destroy the
life, beauty or use of; to wear out. Shak'.
STALE, t>. 8. [G. stallen ; Ifan. staller.] To make water;
to discharge urine ; as horses and cattle.
STALE, n Urine : tised of horses and cattu.
fSTALE'LY, adv. Of old; ofa long time. B. Jonson.
STaLE'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being stale ; vapidness ;
the state of having lost the life or flavor ; oldness. 2. The
state of being worn cut ; triteness; commonness.
STALK, (stawk) n. [Sw. stielk ; D. steel.] 1. The stem,
culm or main body of an herbaceous plant. The stalk of
herbaceous plants answere to the stem of shrubs and trees,
and denotes that which is set, the fixed part of a plant, its
support ; or it is a shoot. 2. The pedicle of a flower, or
the peduncle that supports the fructification of a plant. 3.
The stem of a quill.
STALK, (stawk) v. i. [Sax. stmlcan.] L To walk with
high and proud steps ; usually implying the affectation of
dignity. 2. It is used with some insinuation of contempt
or abhorrence. 3. To walk behind a stalking horse or be-
hind a cover.
STALK, n. A high, proud, stately step or walk. Spenser.
STALKED, a. Having a stalk.
STALK'ER, (stawk'er) n. One who walks with a proud
step ; also, a kind of fishing-net.
STALK'ING, ppr. Walking with proud or lofty steps.
STALK'ING-HORSE, n. A horse, real or factitious, be-
hind which a fowler conceals himself from the sight of
the game which he is aiming to kill; hence, a mask; a
pretense.
STALK'Y, a. Hard as a stalk ; resembling a stalk.
STALL, n. [Sax. steel, stal, stall ; D. stal ; G. stall : Sw.
stall ; Fr. stalle.] I. A stand or place where a horse or
an ox is kept and fed; the division of a stable, or the
apartment for one horse or ox. 2. A stable ; a place foi
cattle. — 3. In 1 Kings iv. 26, stall is used for horse; as,
" Solomon had forty thousand stalls o( horses for his char-
iots." 4. A bench, form or frame of shelves in the open
air, where any thing is exposed to sale. 5. A small house
or shed in which an occupation is carried on. G. The
seat ofa dignified clergyman in the choir.
STALL, V. t. I. To put into a stable ; or to keep in a sta-
ble. 2. To install. 3 To set; to fix ; to plunge mto
mire so as not to be able to proceed ; as, to stall horses or
a carriage. Virginia.
STALL, v.i. 1. To dwell ; to inhabit ; [obs.] 2. To ken
nel. 3. To be set, as in miie. 4. To be tired of eating,
as cattle.
STALL' AGE, 71, L The right of erecting stalls in fairs ;
or" rent paid for a stall.— 2. In old books, laystall ; dung ;
compost.
t STAL-La'TION, n. Installation. Cavendish.
STALL'-FED, pp. Fed on dry fodder, or fattened in a stall
or'stable.
STALL'-FEED, v. t. [stall and feed.] To feed and fatten
in a stable or on dry fodder.
STALL'FEED-ING, ppr. Feeding and fattening in the
stable.
STALL'ION, (stal'yun) n. [Fr. ctalon ; It. Stallone.] A
stone horse ;_a seed horse ;"a male horse not castrated.
t ST ALL'-WoRN, in Shakspeare, Johnson thinks a mis-
tajie for stall-worth, stout. Shak.
STa'MEN, n. ; plu. Stamens, or Stamina. [L.] 1. In a
general sense, usually in the plural, the fixed, firm part
of a body, which supports it or gives 't its strength and
solidity. 2. Whatever constitutes the principal strength
or support of any thing. — 3. In botany, an organ of flowers
for the preparation of the pollen or fecundating dust.
STa'MENED, a. Furnished with stamens.
STAM'IN, 71. A sUght woolen stuff". Chaucer.
STAM'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to stamens or stamina ; con-
sisting in stamens or stamina. J\Ied. Repos.
STAM'I-NATE, a. Consisting of stamens.
STAM'I-NATE, v. t. To endue with stamina.
STA-MIN'E-OITS, a. [L. stamine^us.] 1. Consisting of sta-
mens or filaments. 2. Pertaining to the stamen, or at-
tached to it.
STAIM-I-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. stamen and fero.] A stami-
niferous flower Is one which has stamens without a
pistil.
STAM'iMEL, 71. I. A species of red color. B. Jonson. 2. A
kind of woolen cloth. Corn, on Chaucer.
STAM'MER, T.i. [Sax. stamer ; G. stammeln ; B.stameren;
Dan. stammer.] Literally, to stop in uttering syllables or
words ; to stutter ; to hesitate or falter in speaking ; and
hence, to speak with stops and difficulty.
STAM'MER, V. t. To utter or pronounce with hesitation or
imperfectly. Beaumont.
STAM'MER-ER, n. One that stutters or hesitates In speak-
ing.
STAM'MER-ING, ppr. 1 . Stopping or hesitating in the ut-
tering of words ; stuttering. 2. a. Apt to stammer.
STAM'MER-ING, n. The act of stopping or hesitating in
speaking ; impediment in speech.
STAM'MER-ING-LY, adv. Witli stops or hesitation in
speaking.
STAJMP, V. t. [D. stampen ; G. stampfen ; Dan. stamper
Fr. estamper ,- It. stampare.] i. To strike or beat forcibly
with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot down-
wards. [Ill this sc7ise, the popular pronunciation is stomp,
with A broad.] 2. To impress with some mark or figure.
3. To impress ; to imprint ; to fix deeply. 4. To fix a
mark by impressing it. 5. To make by impressing a
mark. 6. To coin ; to mint ; to form.
STAMP, V. i. To strike the foot forcibly downwards.
STAMP, n. ]. Any instrument for making impressions on
other bodies. 2. A mark imprinted ; an impression. 3.
That which is marked ; a thing stamped. 4. A picture
cut in wood or metal, or made by impression ; a cut ; a
plate. 5. A mark set upon things chargeable with duty
to government, as evidence that the duty is paid. 6. A
character of reputation, good or bad, fixed on any thing.
7. Authority ; current value derived from suffrage or at-
testation. 8. Make; cast; form; character. — 9. In metal-
lurgy, a kind of pestle raised by a water-wheel, for beat-
ing ores to powder ; any thing like a pestle used for
pounding or beating.
STAMP'-Du-TY, 71. [stamp and duty.] A duty or tax im-
posed on paper and parchment, the evidence of the pay-
ment of which is a stamp.
STAMPED, pp. Impressed with a mark or figure ; coined ;
imprinted ; deeply fixed.
STAMPER, 71. An instrument for pounding or stamping.
STAMP'ING, ppr. Impressing with a mark or figure ; coin-
ing ; imprinting.
STAMP'ING-MILL, n. An engine used in tin works for
breaking or bruising ore.
STAN, as a termination, is said to have expressed the
See Synopsis a, K, T, O, U, ■?, long.— FaU, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
STA
787
STA
superlative degree ; as in Athelstan, most noble ; Dun-
stan, the hlgliest. But qu. Stan, in Saxon, is stone.
STANCH, V, t. [Fr. etancher ; Sp., Port, estancar.] In a
general sense, to stop ; to set or fix ; but applied only to
the blood ,- to stop the flowing of blood.
STANCH, V. i. To stop, as blood 3 to cease to flow.
STANCH, a. 1, Sound ; firm ; strong and tight. 2. Firm
in principle ; steady ; constant and zealous j hearty. 3.
Strong J not to be broken. 4. Firm j close.
STANCHED, pp. Stopped or restrained from flowing.
STANCH'ER, n. He or that which stops the flowing of
blood.
STANCH'ING, ppr. Stopping the flowing of blood.
STANCH'ION, (stanch'un) n. [Fr. etangon.] A prop or
support ; a piece of timber in the form of a stake or post,
used for a support.
STANCH'LESS, a. That cannot be stanched or stopped.
STANCH'NESS, n. Soundness ; firmness in principle ;
closeness of adlierence.
STAND, V. i. ; pret. and pp. stood. [Sax., Goth, standan ;
G. stehen ; D. staaen ; Dan. staaer ; Sw. stu ; Sans, sta ;
L. sto.] 1. To be upon the feet, as an animal ; not to sit,
kneel or lie. 2. To be erect, supported by the roots, as a
tree or other plant. 3. To be on its foundation ; not to be
overthrown or demolished. 4. To be placed or situated ;
to have a certain position or location. 5. To remain up-
right, in a moral sense ; not to fall. 6. To become erect.
7. To stop ; to halt ; not to proceed. 8. To stop ; to be at
a stationary point. 9. To be in a state of fixedness ;
hence, to continue; to endure. 10. To be fixed or steady ;
not to vacillate. 11. To be in or to maintain a posture of
resistance or defense. 12. To be placed with regard to
order or rank. 13. To be in any particular state ; to be,
emphatically expressed, that is, to be fixed or set. 14. To
continue unchanged or valid ; not to fail or become void.
15. To consist ; to have its being and essence. 16. To
have a place. 17. To be in any state. 18. To be in a
particular respect or relation. 19. To be, with regard to
state of mind. 20. To succeed ; to maintain one's ground ;
not to fail ; to be acquitted ; to be safe. 21. To hold a
course atsea. 22. To have a direction, 23. To otfer one's
self as a candidate. 24. To place one's self; to be placed,
25, To stagnate ; not to flow, 26. To be satisfied or con-
vinced. 27. To make delay. 28. To persist ; to perse-
vere. 29. To adhere ; to abide. 30. To be permanent ;
to endure ; not to vanish or fade.
Tt stand by. 1. To be near ; to be a spectator ; to be pres-
ent. 2. To be aside; to be placed aside with disregard.
3. To maintain ; to defend ; to support ; not to desert.
4. To rest on for support ; to be supported. — To stand for.
1. To offer one's self as a candidate. 2. To side with ;
to support ; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to main-
tain. 3. To be in the place of ; to be the substitute or rep-
resentative of. Lonke. — 4. Tn seamen^s lanffuacre, to direct
the course towards, — To stand from, to direct the course
from. — To stand one in, to cost, — To stand in, or stand in
for, in seamen^s language, is to direct a course towards
land or a harbor. — To stand off, 1. To keep at a distance.
2. Not to comply. 3. To forbear intimacy. AtterMiry.
4. To appear prominent ; to have relief. — To stand off, or
off from, in seamen's la,nguage, is to direct the course from
land. — To stand off and on, is to sail towards land and then
from it, — To stand out. 1, To project; to be prominent.
2, To persist in opposition or resistance ; not to yield or
comply ; not to give way or recede. 3, With seamen, to
direct the course from land or a harbor. — To stand to. 1.
To ply ; to urge efforts ; to persevere. 2. To remain
fixed in a purpose or opinion, 3, To abide by ; to ad-
here, 4. Not to yield ; not to fly ; to maintain the ground.
— To stand to sea, to direct the course from land. — To
stand under, to undergo ; to sustain. Sliak. — To stand up.
1. To rise from sitting ; to be on the feet. 2. To arise in
order to gain notice. 3. To make a party. — To stand up
for, to defend ; to justify ; to support, or attempt to sup-
port. — To stand upon. 1. To concern ; to interest. 2. To
value; to pride. 3. To insist. Shak. — To stand with, to
be consistent. — To stand against, to oppose ; to resist. —
To standfast, to be fixed ; to he unshaken or immovable.
To stand in hand, to be important to one's interest.
STAND, V. t 1. To endure; to sustain ; to bear. 2. To
endure ; to resist without yielding or receding. 3. To
await ; to sufl!er ; to abide by. — To stand one''s ground, to
keep the ground or station one has taken ; to mamtain
one's position. — To stand it, to bear. — To stand trial, is to
sustain the trial or examination of a cause.
STAND, n. [Sans, stana.] 1. A stop ; a halt. 2. A station ;
a place or post where one stands ; or a place convenient
for persons to remain in for any purpose. 3. Rank ; post ;
station. 4. The act of opposing. 5 The highest point;
or the ultimate point of progression, where a stop is made,
and regressive motion commences. 6. A young tree,
usually reserved when the other trees are cut. 7. A small
table ; as a ca.nd\e-sta.nd. — 8. In commerce, a weight ofj
from two hundred and a half to three hindred of pitch.
9. Soniething on which a thing rests or is laid.— Stand of
arms, in military affairs, a musket with its usual appen-
dages. — To be at a stand, to stop on account of some doubt
or difficulty ; hence, to be perplexed ; to be embarrassed.
STAND'ARD, n. [It. stendardo ; Fr. etendard ; Sp estan-
darte ; D. standaard.] 1. An ensign of war ; a staff with a
flag or colors. 2. That which is established by sovereign
power as a rule or measure by which others are to be adjust-
ed, 3, That which is established as a rule or model, by the
authority of public opinion, or by custom. — 4, In coinage,
the proportion of weight of fine metal and alloy estab
lished by authority. 5, A standing tree or stem ; a tree
not supported or attached to a wall, — 6. In skip-building,
an inverted knee placed upon the deck instead of beneath
it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which
lies horizontally. — 7. In botany, the upper petal or ban-
ner of a papilionaceous corol.
STAND ARD-BEAR-ER,7i. [staitdard and bear.] An officer
of an army, company or troop, that bears a standard ; an
ensign of infantry or a cornet of horse.
STAND-CROP, n. A plant. Mnsworth.
fSTAND'EL, m. A tree of long standing. Howell.
STAND'ER, n. 1. One who stands. 2. A tree that has
stood long : {obs.'] Ascham.
STAND'ER-BY, n. One that stands near; one that is pres-
ent ; a mere spectator. Addison.
STAND'ER-GRASS, n. A plant. [L. statyrion.]
STAND'ING, ppr. 1. Being on the feet; being erect. 2,
Moving in a certain direction to or from an object. 3. a.
Settled; established, either by law or by custom, &c. ;
continually existing ; permanent ; not temporary. 4, Last-
ing ; not transitory ; not liable to fade or vanish, 5, Stag-
nant ; not flowing. 6. Fixed; not movable. 7. Remain-
ing erect ; not cut down.
STAND'ING, n. 1. Continuance ; duration or existence
2. Possession of an oflSce, character or place. 3. Station
place to stand in. 4. Power to stand. 5. Rank ; con-
dition in society.
STAND'ISH, n. [stand and dish.] A case for pen and ink
STANE, n. [Sax. staii.] A stone. [Local.]
STANG, n. [Sax. stmng, steng ; Ban. stang ; G.stange.] 1
A pole, rod or perch ; a measure of land ; [obs.]° Swift
2. A long bar; a pole ; a shaft. — To ride the stang, is to
be carried on a pole on men's shoulders, in derision
[Local.] Todd.
STANG, V. i. To shoot with pain. [Local.] Grose.
t STANK, a. Weak ; worn out, Spenser.
t STANK, V. i. To sigh,
t STANK, old pret. of stink. Stunk is now used.
STANK, n. [W. ystanc.] A dam or mound to stop water
[Local.]
STAN'NA-RY, a. [from L. stannum, tin ; Jr. stan.] Re-
lating to the tin works ; as stannary courts. Blackstone.
STAN'NA-RY, n. A tin mine. Hall.
STAN'NEL, or STAN'YEL, n. The kestrel, a species of
hawk ; called, also, stone-gall and wind-hover.
STAN'NIC, a. Pertaining to tin ; procured from tin,
STAN'ZA, n. [It, stanza ; Sp,, Port, estancia.] In poetry, a
number of lines or verses connected with each other and
ending in a full point or pause ; a part of a poem contain-
ing every variation of measure in that poem,
STAP'A-ZIN, n. A bird, a species of warbler.
STa'PLE, n. [Sax. stapel, stapul; D., G., Sw. stapel ; Dan.
stabel.] 1. A settled mart or market; an emporium. 2.
A city or town where merchants agree to carry certain
commodities. 3. The thread or pile of wool, cotton or
flax. 4. A principal commodity or production. 5. [W.
ystwfwl.] A loop of iron, or a bar or wire bent and formed
with two points to be driven into wood, to hold a liook,
pin, &c. Pope. — Staple of land, the particular nature and
quality of land.
STa'PLE, a. 1. Settled ; established in commerce. 2. Ac-
cording to the laws of commerce ; marketable ; fit to be
sold; [I.U.] Swift. 3. Chief; principal; regularly pro-
duced or made for market ; as, staple commodities,
STa'PLER, n. A dealer ; as, a wool stapler.
STAR, n. [Sax, steorra ; Dan,, Sw, stierna ; G. stern; D.
star.] 1. An apparently small, luminous body in the
heavens, that appears in the night, or when its light is not
obscured by clouds, or lost in the brighter effulgence of tlie
sun. 2. The pole-star ; [obs.] Shak. — 3. In astrology, a
configuration of the planets, supposed to influence fortune,
4, The figure of a star ; a radiated mark in printing or
writing ; an asterisk ; thus, [* ;] used as a reference to a
note in tJie margin, or to fill a blank in writing or print-
ing where letters are omitted, 5. The figure of a star ; a
badge of rank,
STAR OF BETH'LE-HEM, A flower and plant, Lee.
STAR, V. t. To set or adorn with stars, or bright, radiating
bodies ; to bespangle.
STARi-AP-PLE, n. A globular or olive-shaped; fleshy fruit,
inclosing a stone of the same shape.
STAR'-FISH, n. The sea-star or a-sterias.
STAR'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant. Lee.
See Synopsis. M5V E, BOOK DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
STA
788
STA
STAR-GaZ-EK., 71. One who gazes at the stars ; a term of
contempt for an astrologer.
STAR'-GiiZ-ING, n. The act or practice of observing the
stars with attention ; astrology. Swift.
STAH'-GRaSS, n. Starry duck-meat, a plant.
STAR'-HAWK, n. A species of hawk so called.
STAR'-HY-A-CINTH, n. A plant of the genus scilla.
STAR'-JEL-LY, n. A plant, the tremella, one of the fungi ;
also, star-shoot, a gelatinous substance.
STAR'LESS, a. Having no stars visible or no starlight.
STAR'LlGHT, n. The light proceeding from the stars.
STAR'LlGHT, a. Lightei by the stars. Dryden.
STAR'LiKE, a. [^iar and like.] 1. Resembling a star ; stel-
lated ; radiated like a star. 2. Bright ; illustrious.
STAR'LLNG, n. [Sax. stmr ; Sw. stare.] 1. A bird, the stare.
2. A defense to the piers of bridges.
STa ROST, 71. In Poland, a feudatory ; one who holds a
fief.
STa'ROS-TY, 71. A fief; an estate held by feudal service.
STaR'-PaVED, a. Studded with stars. Milton.
STAR'-PROOF, a. [star and proof. ] Impervious to the light
of the stars. Milton.
fSTAR'-READ, n. Doctrine of the stars ; astronomy.
STARRED, pp. or a. 1, Adorned or studded with stars. 2.
Influenced in fortune by the stars.
t STAR'RING, ppr. or a. 1. Adorning with stars. 2. Shin-
ing ; bright ; sparkling ; as, starring comets.
STaR'RY, a. [from star.] 1. Abounding with stars ; adorned
with stars. 2. Consisting of stars ; stellar; stellary; pro-
ceeding fi-ora the stars. 3. Shining like stars ; resembling
stars.
BTAR'-SHOOT, 71. That which is emitted from a star.
STAR'-STONE, n. Asteria, a kind of extraneous fossil,
consisting of regular joints, each of which is of a radiated
figure.
STAR'-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus centaurea.
STAR '-WORT, 71. A plant of the genus aster.
STAR'BoARD, n. [Sax. steor-board; G. steuerhort ; D.
stuur-bord.] The right hand side of a ship or boat, when
a spectator stands with his face towards the head, stem or
prow. _
STAR'BoARD, a. Pertaining to the right hand side of a
ship ; being or lying on the right side.
STARCH, n. [Sax. stearc] A substance used to stiffen linen
and other cloth.
STARCH, a. Stiff; precise; rigid. Killingbeck.
STARCH, 7). t. To stiffen with starch. Gay.
STaR'-CHaM-BER, 71. Formerly, a court of criminal juris-
diction in England.
STARCHED, pp. 1. Stiffened with starch. 2. a. Stiff;
precise ; formal. Swift.
STARCH'ED-NESS, n. Stiffness in manners ; formality.
STARCH'ER, n. One wlio starches, or whose occupation is
to starch. Johnson.
STARCH'ING, ppr. Stiffening with starch.
STARCH 'LY, adu. With stiffness of manner ; formally.
STARCH'NESS, n. Stiffness of manner; preciseness.
STARCH'Y, a. Stiff; precise.
STARE, 7!. [Sax. steer; Sw. stare.] A bird, the starling.
STARE, v.i. [Sax. starian ; G. starren.] ]. To gaze; to
look with fixed eyes wide open ; to fasten an earnest look
on some object. 2. To stand out ; to be prominent ; [obs.]
— To stare in the face, to be before the eyes or undeniably
evident.
STARE, n. A fixed lock with eyes wide open. Dryden.
STaR'ER, n. One who stares or gazes.
STaR'ING, ppr. Gazing ; looking with fixed eyes.
STARK, a. [Sax. sterc, stearc ; B.sterk; G. stark.] 1.
Stiff; strong; rugged; [obs.] 2. Deep; full; profound;
absolute ; [obs.] 3. Mere ; gross ; absolute.
STARK, adv. Wholly ; entirely; absolutely,
f STARK'LY, adv. Stiffly ; strongly. Shak.
START, v.i. [D. storten; Sw. storta.] 1. To move sud-
denly, as if by a twitch. 2. To move suddenly, as by an
involuntary shrinking from sudden fear or alarm. 3. To
move with sudden quickness, as with a spring or leap.
4. To shrmk ; to wince. 5. To move suddenly aside ; to
deviate. 6. To set out ; to commence a race, as from a
barrier or goal. 7. To set out ; to commence a journey or
enterprise. — To start up, to rise suddenly, as from a seat
or couch.
START, V. t. 1. To alami; to disturb suddenly ; to startle ;
to rouse. 2. To rouse suddenly from concealment; to
cause to flee or fly. Pope. 3. To bring into motion ; to
produce suddenly to view or notice. 4. To invent or dis-
cover ; to bring within pm-suit. 5. To move suddenly
from its place ; to dislocate. 6. To empty, as liquor from
a cask ; to pour out. Mar. Diet.
START, n. 1. A sudden motion of the body, produced by
spasm; a sudden twitch or spasmodic affection 2. A
sudden motion from alarm . 3. A sudden rousing to action ;
a spring ; excitement. 4. Sally ; sudden motion or effu-
sion ; a bursting forth. 5. Sudden fit ; sudden motion
followed by intermission., G. A quick spring ; a darting ;
a shoot ; a push. 7. First motion from a place ; act of
setting out. — To get the start, to begin before another; to
gain the advantage in a similar undertaking.
START, 71. A projection ; a push ; a horn ; a tail.
START'ED, pp. Suddenly roused or alarmed ; poured out,
as a liquid ; discovered ; proposed.
START'ER, n. 1 One that starts ; one that shrinks from
his purpose. 2. One that suddenly moves or suggests a
question or an objection. 3. A dog that rouses game.
START'FUL, a. Apt to start ; skittish.
START'FUL-NESS, n. Aptness to start.
START'ING, ppr. Moving suddenly ; shrinking ; rousing ,
commencing, as a journey, &c.
START'ING, 71. The act of moving suddenly.
START'ING-HoLE, n. A loophole ; evasion. Martin
START'ING-LY, adv. By sudden fits or starts. Shak.
START'ING-PoST, n. A post, state, barrier or place from*
which competitors in a race start or begin the race.
START'ISH, a. Apt to start ; skittish ; shy.
STAR'TLE, V. i. [dim. of start.] To shrink ; to move sud-
denly or be excited on feeling a sudden alarm.
STAR'TLE, v.t. 1 . To impress with fear ; to excite by
sudden alarm, surprise or apprehension ; to shock ; to
alarm; to fright. 2. To deter; to cause to deviate ; [l.n.j
STAR'TLE, 71. A sudden motion or shock occasioned by an
unexpected alarm, surprise or apprehension of danger ,
sudden impression of terror.
STARTLED, pp. Suddenly moved or shocked by an im-
pression of fear or surprise.
STAR'TLING, ppr. Suddenly impressing with fear.
START'UP, 71. 1. One that comes suddenly into notice >
[obs.] 2. A kindof liigh shoe.
t START'UP, a. Suddenly coming into notice.
STARVE, v. i. [Sax. stearfian ; G. sterben.] 1. To perish ;
to be destroyed ; [ohs.] 2. To perish or die with cold.
England. 3. To perish with hunger. 4. To sufler ex-
treme hunger or want ; to be very indigent.
STARVE, V. t. 1. To kill with hunger. 2. To distress or
subdue by famine. 3. To destroy by want. 4. To kill
with cold. 5. To deprive of force or vigor ; [unusual.]
STARVED, pp. I. Killed with hunger ; subdued by hunger ;
rendered poor by want. 2. Killed by cold.
STARVE'LING, (sfarv'ling) a. Hungry ; lean ; pining with
want. Phillips.
STARVE'LING, (sfarv'ling) n. An animal or plant that is
made thin, lean and weak through want of nutriment.
STARVING, ppr. 1. Perishing with hunger; killing wit'h
hunger ; rendering lean and poor by want of nourishment
2. Perishing with cold ; killing with cold. [English.]
STa'TA-RY, a. [from siate.] Fixed; settled. Brown.
STATE, 71. [L..' status; It. stato ; Sp. estado ; Fr. et&t.]
1. Condition ; the circumstances of a being or thing at any
given time. 2. Modification of any thing. 3. Crisis;
stationary point ; - height ; point from which the next
movement is regression ; [obs.] 4. Estate ; possession ;
[obs.] 5. A political body, or body politic; the whole
body of people united under one government. 6. A body
of men united by profession, or constituting a community
of a particular character. 7. Rank ; condition ; quality
8. Pomp; appearance of greatness. 9. Dignity; grandeur
10 A seat of dignity. 11. A canopy ; a covering of dig-
nity ; [rinusual.] 19. A person of high rank ; [obs.] 13
The principal persons in a government. 14. The bodies
that constitute the legislature of a country ; as, the states
general. 15. Joined with another word, it denotes pub-
lic, or wliat belongs to the community or body politic ;
as, state affairs.
STATE, V. t. 1. To set ; to settle. 2. To express the par-
ticulars of any thing in writing ; to set down in detail or
in gross. 3. To express the particulars of any thing ver-
bally ; to represent fully in words ; to narrate ; to recite.
STaT'ED, pp. 1. Expressed or represented ; told ; recited
2. a. Settled ; established ; regular ; occurring at regular
times; not occasional. 3. Fixed; established.
STaT'ED-LY, adv. Regularly ; at certain times; not occa
sionally.
STaTE'LESS, a. Without pomp. J. Barlow.
STaTE'LI-NESS, 71. 1. Grandeur ; loftiness of mien oi
manner; majestic appearance; dignity. 2. Appearance
of pride ; affected dignity.
STaTE'LY, a. 1. Lofty ; dignified ; majestic. 2. Mag-
nificent ; grand. 3. Elevated in sentiment.
STaTE'LY, adv. Majestically ; loftily. Milton.
STaTE'MENT, n. 1. The act of stating, reciting or pre-
senting verbally or on paper. 2. A series of facts or par-
ticulars expressed on paper. 3. A series of facts verbally
recited ; recital of the circumstances of a transaction.
STaTE'-MoN-GER, n. [state and monger.] One versed in
politics, or one that dabbles in state affairs.
STaT'ER, 71, Another name of the daric, an ancient coin.
STATE-ROOM, n. 1. A magnificent room in a palace or
great house. 2, An apartment for lodging in a ship'a
cabin,
STATES, n.plu. Nobility. Shak.
See Synopsis. A, K, T. 6, f , "?, long.—FAH, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE BtRD ;— f Obsolete.
STA
789
JSTE
STATES'MANj n. 1. A man versed in the arts of govern-
ment ; usually, one eminent for political abilities ; a poli-
tician. 9. A small landholder. 3. One employed in
public affairs.
STaTES'MAN-SHIP, n. The qualifications or employ-
ments of a statesman. Churchill.
STaTES'WOM-AN, n. A woman who meddles in public
affairs ; in contempt. Addison.
STAT'IC, I a. Relating to the science of weighing
STAT'I-€AL, \ bodies.
STAT'ieS, n. [Fr. statique ; It. statica ; L. statice.] 1.
That branch of mechanics which treats of bodies at rest. —
2. In medicine, a kind of epileptics, or persons seized with
epilepsies.
STa'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. statio ; It. stazione ; Sp. estacion.]
1. The act of standing ; [obs.] 2. A state of rest ; [rare.]
3. The spot or place where one stands, particularly where
a person habitually stands, or is appointed to remain for a
lime. 4. Post assigned ; office ; the part or department
of public duty which a person is appointed to perform.
5 Situation ; position. 6. Employment ; occupation ;
Jmsiness. 7. Character ; state. 8. Rank j condition of
life. — 9. In church history, the fast of the fourth and sixth
days of the week, Wednesday and Friday, in memory of
the council which condemned Christ, and of his passion.
— 10. In the church of Rome, a church where indulgences
are to be had on certain days.
STa'TIOJS , V. t. To place ; to set ; or to appoint to the oc-
cupation of a post, place or office.
STa'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a Station. Encyc.
STa'TION-A-RY, a. 1. Fixed ; not moving ; not progrespve
or regressive ; not appearing to move. 2. Not advancnig,
in a moral sense ; not improving ; not growing wiser,
greater or better. 3. Respecting place.
PTa'TION-BILL, n. In seamen's language, a list contain-
ing the appointed posts of the ship's company, when nav-
igating the ship.
feTA'TlON-ER, n. A bookseller j one who sells books,
paper, quills, inkstands, pencils and other furniture for
writing.
STa'TION-ER-Y, n. The articles usually sold by station-
ers, as paper, ink, quills, &c.
STa'_TION-ER-Y, a. Belonging to a stationer.
t STa'TIST, n. [from state.] A statesman ; a politician ;
one skilled in government. Milton.
STA-TXST'I€, \ a. [from state, or statist.] 1. Pertain-
STA-TIST'I-CAL, \ ing to the state of society, the con-
dition of the people, their economy, their property and
resources.
STA-TIST'I€S, n. A collection of facts respecting the
state of society, the condition of the people m a nation or
country, their health, longevity, domestic economy, arts,
property and political strength, the state of the country,
&c. Sinclair.
STAT'U-A-RY, n. [It. statuaria ; Sp. estatuaria ; L. stat-
uarius.] 1. The art of (iarving images as representatives
of real persons or things ; a branch of sculpture. 2. [It.
statuario ; Sp. estatuario.] One that professes or practices
the art of carving images or making statues.
STAT'UE, n. [L. statua.] An image ; a solid substance
formed by carving into the likeness of a whole living being.
STAT'fJE, V. t. To place, as a statue ; to form a statue of.
t STA-Tu'MI-NATE, v. t. [L. statumino.] To prop or sup-
port.
STAT'URE, 71. [L., It. statura ; Fr. stature.] The natural
height of an animal body ; generally used of the human
body. Dry den.
STAT'URED, a. .AiTived at full stature. [L. u.] Hall.
STAT'U-TA-BLE, a. 1. Made or introduced by statute ;
proceeding from an act of the legislature. 2. Made or
being in conformity to statute. Addison.
STAT'IJ-TA-ELY, adv. In a manner agreeable to statute.
STAT'UTE, n. [Fr. statut ; It, statuto ; Sp. estatuto ; L.
statutum.] 1. An act of the legislature of a state com-
manding or proliibiling something ; a positive law. Stat-
utes are distinguish( d from common law. The latter owes
its binding force to the principles of justice, to long use
and the consent of a nation. The former owe their bind-
ing force to a positive command or declaration of the su-
preme power. — Statute is commonly applied to the acts of
a legislative body consisting of representatives. In mon-
archies, the laws of the sovereign are called edicts, de-
crees, ordinances, rescripts, &c. 2. A special act of the
supreme power, of a private nature, or intended to operate
only on an individual or company. 3. The act of a cor-
poration or of its founder, intended as a permanent rule
or law.
STAT'UTE-MER-CHANT, n. In English law, a bond of
record.
STAT'UTE-STa-PLE, 71. A bond of record acknowledged
before the mayor of the staple, by virtue of which the
creditor may forthwith have execution against the body,
lands and goods of the debtor, on non-payment. Black-
stone.
STAT'U-TO-RY, a. Enacted by statute; depending on
statute for its authority.
STAUNCH. See Stanch.
STAU'RO-LITE, ) n. [Gr. cTavpos and \iOos.] A mineral
STAU'RO-TIDE, \ crystalized in prisms.
STAVE, n. [horn staff ; Fi. douve, douvain.] 1. A thin,
narrow piece of timber, of which casks are made. 2. A
staff ; a metrical portion ; a part of a psalm appointed to
be sung in churches. — 3. In music, the five horizontal and
parallel lines on which the notes of tunes are written or
printed. — To stave and tail, to part dogs by interposing a
staff and by pulling the tail.
STAVE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. stove, or staved. 1. To break
a hole in ; to break ; to burst ; primanly, to thrust through
with a staff. 2. To push as with a staff; with off. 3. To
delay. 4. To pour out ; to suffer to be lost by breaking
the cask. 5. To furnish with staves or rundles , [obs.]
t STAVE, V. i. To fight with staves. Hudibras
STAW, V. i. To be fixed or set. [JYot in use, or local.]
STAY, V. i. ; pret. staid, for stayed. [Ir. stadam ; Sp. estay
estiar ; Port, estear ; Fr. etai, etayer ; D. stut, stutten.]
1. To remain ; to continue in a place ; to abide for any
indefinite time. 2. To continue in a state. 3. To wait ;
to attend ; to forbear to act. 4. To stop ; to stand still,
5. To dwell. 6. To restj to rely; to confide in; to
trust.
STAY, V. t. ; pret. and pp. staid, for stayed. 1. To stop ; to
hold from proceeding ; to withhold ; to restrain. 2. To
delay ; to obstruct ; to hinder from proceeding. 3. Tc
keep from departure. 4. To stop from motion or falling ;
to prop ; to hold up ; to support. 5. To support from
sinking ; to sustain with strength.
STAY, 71. 1. Continuance in a place ; abode for a time in
definite. 2. Stand ; stop ; cessation of motion or progres-
sion. 3. Stop ; obstruction ; hinderance from progress.
4. Restraint of passion ; moderation ; caution ; steadiness ;
sobriety ; [obs.] 5. A fixed state. 6. Prop ; support.
7. Steadiness of conduct. — 8. In the rigging of a ship, a
large, strong rope, employed to support the mast, by being
extended from its upper end to the stem of the ship. —
Stays, in seamanship, implies the operation of going about
or changing the course of a ship, with a shifting of the
sails.
STAYED, pp. [now written staid.] Staid ; fixed.
STaY'ED'-LY, (stdde'ly) adv. Composedly ; gravely ; mod-
erately ; prudently ; soberly. [Little used.]
STaY'ED-NESS, (stade'nes) n. 1. Moderation ; gravity ;
sobriety; [see Staidness.] 2. Solidity; weight; [I. u.]
STaY'ER, n. One that stops or restrains ; one who upholds
or supports ; that which props.
STaY'LACE, 71. A lace for fastening the boddice in female
dress. Sioift.
STaY'LESS, a. Without stop or delay. [Little used.]
STaY'MaK-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make
stays.
STAY'S, n. plu. 1. A bodice ; a kind of waistcoat stiflened
with whalebone or other thing, worn by fema4es. 2.
Stays, of a ship; [see Stay.] 3. Station ; fixed anchor-
age. 4. Any support ; that which keeps another ex-
tejided.
STaY'-SAIL, 71. Any sail extended on a stay. Mar. Diet.
STaY'-TA€-KLE, 71. A large tackle attached to the main-
stay by means of a pendant, and used to hoist heavy
bodies, as boats, butts of water, and the like,
STEAD, I ,... ( n. [Goth. stads; Sax.,I)an.sted;'D.stede.l
STED, \ ^^^^^) I 1. Place ; in general ; [obs.] Spenser.
2. Place or room which anotiier had or might have, noting
substitution, replacing or filling the place of another. 3.
The frame on which a bed is laid, — To stand in stead, to
be of use or great advantage.
STEAD, STED, in names of places distant from a river or
the sea, signifies place, as above ; but in names of places
situated on a river or harbor, it is from Sax. stafAe, border,
bank, shore.
t STEAD, (sted) v. t. 1. To help; to support, to assist,
ShaJc. 2. To fill the place of another. Shak.
STE AD'F AST, ^ ,,,..( a. [stead and fast.] 1. Fast
STED'FAST, \ ^^^^^ '^^^^ } fixed ; firm ; firmly fixed or
established. 2, Constant; firm; resolute; not fickle or
wavering, 3, Steady,
STEAD'FAST-LY, (sted'fast-ly) adv. Firmly; with con-
stancy or steadiness of mind,
STEAD'FAST-NESS, (sted'fast-nes) n. 1. Firmness of
standing ; fixedness in place, 2, Firmness of mind or
purpose ; fixedness in principle ; constancy ; resolution.
STEADT-LY, (sted'de-ly) adv. 1. With firmness of stand-
ing or position; without tottering, shaking or leaning,
2, Without wavering, inconstancy or irregularity ; with-
out deviathig,
STEAD'I-NESS, (sted'de-nes) n. 1. Firmness of standing
or position ; a state of being not tottering or easily moved
or shaken. 2. Firmness of mind or purpose; constancy j
resolution. 3. Consistent, uniform conduct.
* Se4: Synopsis. M^VE, BpQK, DoVE ; BIJLL, UNITE € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as S : TH as in this, t Obsolete.
STE
790
STE
STEAD'Y J ,~t„Ai/,.r\ i «• [Sax. stedig.] 1. Firm in standing
STED'DY 1 •- "^^ / or position ; fixed ; not tottering or
shaking. 2. Constant in mind, purpose or pursuit ; not
fickle, changeable or wavering; not easily moved or per-
suaded to alter a purpose. 3. Regular; constant; unde-
viatiug ; uniform. 4. Regular; not fluctuating; as, a
steady breeze of wind.
STEAD'Y, (sted'dy) v. t. To hold or keep from shaking,
reeling or falling ; to support ; to make or keep firm,
STEaK, 71. [Dan. steeg, steg ; Sw. stek.] A slice of beef or
pork broiled, or cut for broiling.
STEAL, V. t. ; pret. stole ; pp. stolen, stole. [Sax. stalan,
stelan ; G. stelilen ; D. steelen ; Dan. stieler.] 1. To take
and carry away feloniously, as the personal goods of an-
other. 2. To withdraw or convey without notice, or
clandestinely. 3. To gain or win by address or gradual
and imperceptible means.
STEAL, V. i. 1. To withdraAV or pass privily ; to slip along
or away unperceived. 2. To practice theft ; to take felo-
niously.
STEAL, n. A handle. See Stele.
STeAL'ER, n. One that steals ; a thief.
STeAL'ING, ppr. Taking the goods of another feloniously ;
withdrawing imperceptibly ; gaining gradually.
STeALTNG-LY, adv. Shiy ; privately, or by an invisible
motion. [Little used.] Sidney.
STEALTH, (stelth) n. 1. The act of stealing ; theft. 2.
The thing stolen ; [obs.] 3. Secret act ; clandestine prac-
tice ; means unperceived employed to gain an object;
way or manner not perceived.
STEALTH'Y, (stelth'y) a. Done by stealth ; clandestine ;
unperceived. Sliak.
STeAM, n. [Sax. steam, stem ; D. stoom.] 1. The vapor
of water ; of the elastic, aeriform fluid generated by heat-
ing water to the boiling point. — 2. In popular use, the
rnist formed by condensed vapor.
STeAM, v. i. 1. To rise or pass off" in vapor by means of
heat ; to fume. 2. To send off" visible vapor. 3. To pass
off" in visible vapor.
STeAM, v. t. 1. To exhale ; to evaporate ; [I. m.] 2. To
expose to steam ; to apply steam to for softening, dressing
or preparing.
STeAM'-BoAT, or STeAM'-VES-SEL, n. A vessel pro-
pelled through the water by steam.
STeAM'-BOIL-ER, 71. A boiler for steaming food for
cattle.
STeAMED, pp. Exposed to steam ; cooked or dressed by
steam.
STeAM'-EN-6iNE, n. An engine worked by steam.
STeAM'ING, ppr. Exposing to steam ; cooking or dressing
by steam ; preparing for cattle by steam.
t STEAN, for stone.
BTeAR'IN, 71. One of the proximate elements of animal
fat, as lard, tallow, &c. D. Olmsted.
STe'A-TITE, 71. [Gr. crta^, arsaroi.'] Soapstone ; so call-
ed from its smooth or unctuous feel.
STE-A-TIT'I€, a. Pertaining to soapstone ; of the nature
of steatite, or resembling it.
ST£'AT-0-CELE, 71. [Gr. (TTEap and /CT^X?;.] A swelling of
the scrotum, containing fat. Cyc.
STE-A-To'MA, 71. [Gr.] A species of tumor containing
matter like suet. Coze.
STED, STED'FAST. S.'e Stead.
STEE, or STEY, n. A ladder.
STEED, 71. [Sax. stede.] A horse, or a horse for state or
war. Waller.
STEEL, 71. [Sax. style ; D. staal ; G. staJil ; Dan. staal.]
1. Iron combnied with a small portion of carbon ; iron re-
fined and hardened, used in making instruments, and
particularly useful as the material of edged tools. — 2.
Figuratively, weapons ; particularly, off'ensive weapons,
swords, spears and the like. 3. Medicines composed of
steel, as steel filings. 4. Extreme hardness ; as, heads or
hearts of steel.
STEEL, a. Made of steel.
STEEL, V. t. 1. To overlay, point or edge with steel. 2.
To make hard or extremely hard. 3. To make hard ; to
make insensible or obdurate.
STEELED, pp. Pointed or edged with steel ; haidened ;
made insensible.
STEEL'I-NESS, n. [from steely.] Great hardness.
STEEL'ING, ppr. Pointing or edging with steel ; harden-
ing ; making insensible or unfeeling.
STEEL'Y, a. 1. Made of steel ; consisting of steel. 2.
Hard ; firm.
STEEL'YARD, n. [steel and yard.] The Roman balance ;
an instrument for js'eighing bodies,
t STEEN, or t STeAN, n A vessel of clay or stone.
] STEEN'KiRK, n. A cant term for a neckcloth.
STEEP, a. [Sax. steap.] Making a large angle with the
plane of the horizon ; ascending or descending with great
inclination ; precipitous.
STEEP, n. A precipitous place, hill, mountain, rock or
ascen;; a precipice.
course, as
STEEP, V. t. To soak in a liquid ; to macerate ; to imbue ;
to keep any thing in a liquid till it has thoroughly im
tiibed it.
STEEP, 71. A liquid for steeping grain or seeds ; also, a
runnet-bag. [Local.]
STEEPED, pp. Soaked ; macerated ; imbued.
STEEP'ER, n. A Vessel, vat or cistern in which things are
steeped. Edwards, TV. Indies.
t STEEP'I-NESS, n. State or quality of being steep. Howell
STEEP'ING, ppr. Soaking ; macerating.
STEE'PLE, 71. [Sax. stepel, stypel.] A turret of a church,
ending in a point; a spire. Dryden.
STEE'PLED, a. Furnished with a steeple ; adorned with
steeples or towers. Fairfax.
t STEE'PLE-HOUSE, n. A church.
STEEP'LY, adv. With steepness; with precipitous de-
clivity.
STEEPNESS, n. The state of being steep ; precipitous
declivity. Baco-n
STEEP'Y, a. Having a steep or precipitous declivity.
STEER, ?(. [Sax. steor, styre ; D. stier.] A young male of
the ox kind or common ox. Dryden.
STEER, V. t. [Sax. steoran ; G. steuem.] 1. To direct ; to
govern ; particularly, to direct and govern the course of a
ship by the movements of the helm. 2. To direct ; to
guide ; to show the way or com-se to.
STEER, I!, i. 1. To direct and govern a ship or other ves-
sel in its course. 2. To be directed and governed. 3. To
conduct one's self; to take or pursue a course or way.
t STEER, n. A rudder or helm.
STEER' AGE, n. 1. The act or practice of directing and
governing in a course. Addison. — 2. Juseamen^s language,
the efibrt of a helm, or its efi'ect on the ship. — 3. In a ship,
an apartment in the fore part of a ship for passengers. 4.
The part of a ship where the tiller traverses. 5. Direc-
tion ; regulation ; [/. u.] ti. Regulation or management.
7. That by wJiich a course is directed.
STEER'AGE-WAY, n. In seamen's language, that degree
of progressive movement of a ship, which renders her
governable by the helm.
STEERED, pp. Directed and governed in a course; guid
ed ; conducted.
STEER'ER, 71. One that steers; a pilot. [Little used.]
STEER'ING, ppr. Directing and governing in a courst ,
a ship ; guiding ; conducting.
STEER'LNG, n. The act or art of directing and governing
a ship or other vessel in her course.
STEEPt'ING-WHEEL, n. The wheel by which the rudder
of a ship is turned and the ship steered.
t STEER'LESS, a. Having no steer or rudder. Oower.
STEERS'MaN, n. [steer and 77;a7i.] One that steers ; the
helmsman of a ship. Mar. Diet.
t STEERS'MATE, n. One who steers ; a pilot.
STEEV'ING, n. In seamen's language, the angle of ele-
vation wliJch a ship's bowsprit makes with the horizon.
Mar. Diet.
STEG, /;,. [Ice. sie^^e.] A gander. [Local.]
STEG-A-NOG'RA-PHIST, n. [Gr. areyavos and ypa^w.]
One who practices the art of writing in cipher. Bailey.
ST£G-A-N0G'RA-PHY, n. The art of writing in ciphers
or characters. Bailey.
STEG-NOT'I€, a. [Gr. (JTEyvo)TiKos.] Tending to bind or
render costive. Bailey.
STEG-N0T'1€, n. A medicine proper to stop the orificea
of the vessels or emunctories of the body.
STiLlN'HEIL-ITE, n. A mineral, a variety of iolite.
t STELE, n. A stale or handle ; a stalk.
STEL'E-€HITE, n. A fine kind of storax. Cyc.
STEL'LAR, I a. [It. stellare ; L. stellaris.] 1. Pertain-
STEL'LA-RY, \ ing to stars; astral. 2. Starry; fuU of
stars ; set with stare.
STEL'LATE, ) a. [1.. stellatus.] I. Resembling a star ;
STEL'LA-TED, \ radiated.— 2. In botany, stellate orver-
ticillate leaves are when more leaves than two surround
the stem in a whorl,
t STEL-La'TION, n. [h. Stella.] Radiation of light.
t STEELED, a. Starry. Skak.
STEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. Stella and fero.] Having or
abounding with stars
STEL'Ll-FORM, a. [L. Stella, and form.] Like a star •
radiated.
t STEE'LI-F^S", V. t. To turn into a star. Chaucer.
STELL'ION, 71. [L. stellio.] A newt. Ainsworth.
t STELL'ION-ATE, n. [Fr. stellionat ; Low L. stellion
atus.] In law, the crime of selling a thing deceitfully for
what it is not, as to sell that for one's own which belongs
to another.
STEL'LITE, n. [L. stella.] A name given by some writers
to a white stone found on Mount Libanus.
STEL'O-CHITE, 7i. A name given to the osteocoUa.
STE-LOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. arnXoypacpia.] The art of wri-
ting or inscribing charactere on pillars. Stackhouse.
STEM, 71. [Sax. stemn ; G. stamm ; D., Sw. stam.] 1. The
* See Synopsis, a, E, T, O, tj, S% long. —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolste.
STE
791
STE
principal body of a tree, shrub or plant of any kind ; the
mJn stock ; the firm part which supports the branches.
2. The peduncle of the fructification, or the pedicle of a
flower ; that which supports the flower or the fruit of a
plant. 3. The stock of a family ; a race or generation of
progenitors. 4. Progeny; branch of a family. — 5. In a
ship, a circular piece of timber, to whicb the two sides of
a ship are united at the fore-end.
STEM, V. t. 1. To oppose or resist, as a current ; or to make
progress against a current. 2. To 5top ; to check ; as a
stream or moving force.
STEM'-€LASP-1NG, a. Embracing the stem with its base ;
amplexicaul ; as a leaf or petiole. Martijn.
STEM'-LeAF, 11. A leaf inserted into the stem Martijn.
STEM'LESS, a. Having no stem.
STEMMED, pp. Opposed, as a current ; st-^pped.
STEM'MING, ppr. Opposing, as a stream . stopping.
STEM'PLE, n. In mining, a cross-bar of wood in a shaft.
Encyc,
STENCH, n. [Sax. stenc] An ill smell ; offensive odor.
t STENCH, V. t. 1. To cause to emit a hateful smell. Mor-
timer. 2. To stanch ; to stop. Barvey.
fSTENCH'Y, a. Having an ofi:ensive smell. Dyer.
STEN'CIL, n. A piece of thin leather or oil-cloth, used in
painting paper-hangings.
STEN'CIL, V. t. To paint or color in figures with stencils.
STE-NOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. arevus and ypa(/jw.] One who
is skilled in the art of short-hand writing.
STEN-0-GRAPH'I€, 1 a. Pertaining to the art of wri-
STEN-O-GRAPH'I-GAL, \ ting in short-hand ; expressing
in characters or short-hand.
STE-NOG'RA-PHY , n. The art of writing in short-hand
by using abbreviations or characters.
STENT, for stint. See Stint.
STEN-TO'RI-AN, a. [from Sientor.] 1. Extremely loud.
2. Able to utter a very loud sound.
STEN-TO-RO-PHON'I€, a. [from Stentor, a herald in Ho-
mer, whose voice was as loud as that of fifty other men.]
Speaking or sounding very loud.
STEP, V. i. [Sax. stwppan, steppan ; D. stappen.] 1. To
move the foot; to advance or recede by a movement of
the foot or feet. 2. To go ; to walk a little distance. 3.
To walk gravely, slowly or resolutely.
STEP, V. t. 1. To set, as the foot. 2. To fix the foot of a
mast in the keel ; to erect.
STEP, n. [Sax. steep ; D. stap.] 1. A pace ; an advance or
movement made by one removal of the foot. 2. One re-
move in ascending or descending ; a stair. 3. The space
passed by the foot in walking or running. 4. A small
space or distance. 5. The distance between the feet in
walking or running. 6. Gradation; degree. 7. Progres-
sion ; act of advancing. 8. Footstep ; print or impression
of the foot ; track. 9. Gait ; manner of walking. 10.
Proceeding; measure; action. 11. The round of a lad-
der.— 12. Steps, in the plural, walk; passage. 13. Pieces
of timber in which the foot of a mast is fixed.
STEP, ) 71. In Russ, an uncultivated desert of large ex-
STEPP, \ tent. Tookc.
STEP, Sax. steop, from stepan, to deprive, is prefixed to
certain words to express a relation by marriage.
STEP'-BRoTH-ER, n. A brother-in-law, or by marriage.
STEP'-CHiLD, 71. [step and child.] A son-in-law or
daughter-in-law ; [a child deprived of its parent, j
STEP'-DAME, n. A mother by marriage.
STEP'-DAUGH-TER, n. A daughter by marriage.
STEP'-FA-THER, 7*. A father-in-law ; a father by mar-
riage only ; [the father of an orphan.]
STEP'-M6TH-ER, n. A mother by marriage only; a
mother-in-law ; [the mother of an orphan.]
STEP'-SIS-TER, 7?. A sister-in-law, or by marriage.
STEP'-SoN, 7). A son-in-law ; [an orphan son.]
STEPPED, pp. Set ; placed ; erected; fixed in the keel, as
a mast.
STEPPING, ppr. Moving, or advancing by a movement
of the foot or feet ; placing ; fixing or erecting.
STEP'PING, n. The act of walking or running by steps.
STEPTING-STONE, n. A stone to raise the feet above the
dirt and mud in walking. Swift.
STEP'-STONE, n. A stone laid before a door as a stair to
rise on in entering the house.
STER, in composition, is from the Sax. steora, a director.
It seems primarily to have signified chief, principal or
director.
STER-€0-Ra'CEOUS, a. [L. stercorms, stercorosus.] Per-
taining to dung, or partaking of its nature.
STER-CO-Ra'RI-AN, I n. [L. stercus.] One in the Romish
STER'€0-RA-NIST, \ church who held that the host is
liable to digestion.
STER'CO-RA-RY, n. A place properly secured from the
weather for containing dung.
STER-€ORa'TION, 71. [1.. stercoratio.] The act of ma-
nuring with dung. Bacon.
STERE, 71. In the new French system of measures, the unit
for solid measure, equal to a cubic metre.
STER-E-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Made or done according to
STER-E-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, ] the rules of stereography ,
delineated on a plane.
STER-E-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. By delineation on a
plane.
STER-E-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr crepeos and vpa0w,] The
act or art of delineating the forms of solid bodies on a
plane. Encyc.
STEE-E-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to or performed
by stereometry
STER-E-OM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. arepeos and /xfrpEw.] The art
of measuring solid bodies, and finding their solid content.
STER-E-0-TOM'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to or performed by
stereotomy
STER-E-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. arepeos and reixvoj.] The sc
ence or art of cutting solids into certain figures or sections,
as arches, &c.
STER'E-O-TYPE, n. [Gr. orepeog and tutcos.] 1. Literally,
a fixed metal type ; hence, a plate of fixed or solid metal-
lic types for printing books. 2. The art of making plates
of fixed metallic types, or of executing work on such
plates.
STER'E-O-TYPE, a. 1. Pertaining to fixed metallic types
2. Done on fixed metallic types, or plates of fixed types.
STER'E-O-TYPE, v. t. To make fixed metallic types or
plates of type metal, corresponding with the words and
letters of a book ; to compose a book in fixed types.
STER'E-0-TyP-ER, n. One who makes stereotype.
STERE-O-TyP-ING, ppr. Making stereotype plates for
any work ; or impressing copies on stereotype plates.
STER-E-0-TY-POG'RA-PHER, n. A stereotype printer.
STER-E-0-TY-POG'RA-PHY, n. The art or practice of
printing on stereotype. Entick.
STER'ILE, I a. [L. sterilis ; It., Fr. sterile ; Sp. esteri.1.]
STER'IL, I 1. Barren ; unfruitful ; not fertile ; produ-
cing little or no crop. 2. Barren ; producing no young.
3. Barren of ideas ; destitute of sentiment.
STE-RIL'I-TY, 11. [L. sterilitas ; Fr. sterilite ; It. sterilitd.]
1. Barrenness; unproductiveness; unfruitfulness ; the
quality or state of producing little or nothing. 2. Bar-
renness ; unfruitfulness ; the state of not producing
young, as of animals. 3. Barrenness of ideas or senti-
ments, as in writings. 4. Want of fertility or the power
of producing sentiment.
STER'IL-iZE, V. t. 1. To make barren ; to impoverish, as
land ; to exhaust of fertility ; [little used.] 2. To de-
prive of fecundity, or the power of producing young ;
[liUle used.]
STER'LET, n. A fish of the Caspian sea. Tooke.
STER'LING, a. [probably from Easterlinsr.] 1. An epithet
by which English money of account is distinguished ; as,
a pound sterling. 2. Genuine ; pure ; of excellent quality
STER'LING, 71. 1. English money. 2. Standarj^ ; rate;
[little used.]
STERN, a. [Sax. styrn.] 1. Severe ; austere ; fixed with
an aspect of severity and authority. 2. Severe of man-
ner ; rigid ; harsh ; cruel. 3. Hard ; afflictive. 4. Rigidly
steadfast ; immovable.
STERN, 71. [Sax. steor and em.] 1. The hind part of a ship
or other vessel, or of a boat ; the part opposite to the stem
or prow. Mar. Diet. 2. Post of management ; direction ;
[obs.] 3. The hinder part of anything; [not elegant^}
Spenser. — By the stern is a phrase which denotes that a
ship is more deeply laden abaft than forward.
t STERN'AGE, 71. Steerage or stern. Shak.
STERN'-BoARD, n. [stern and board.] In seaman's larir-
guage, a loss of way in making a tack.
STERN'-CHASE, n. A cannon placed in a ship's stern,
pointing backward, and intended to annoy a ship that is
in pursuit of her. Mar. Diet.
STERNED, a. In compounds, having a stern of a particular
shape ; as, sqnate-sterned.
t STERN'ER, 7t. [Sax. steor an.] A director. Clarke.
STERN -FAST, n. [stern and fast.] A rope used to con-
fine the stern of a ship or other vessel.
STERN'-FRAME, n. [stern and frame.] The beverai
pieces of timber which form the stern of a ship.
STERN'LY, adv. In a stern manner; with an austere or
stern countenance ; with an air of authority.
STERN'NESS, n. 1. Severity of look ; a look of austerity,
rigor or severe authority. Shak. 2, Severity or harshness
of manner ; rigor. Dryden.
STERN'MoST, a. [stem and most.] Farthest in the rear ,
farthest astern. Mar. Diet.
STERN'ON, n. [Gr.] The breast-bone.
STERN'-PoRT, n. A port in the stern of a ship.
STERN'-PoST, 71. A straight piece of tunber, erected
on the extremity of the keel to support the rudder and
terminate the ship behind.
STERN'-SHEETS, v. That part of a boat which is between
the stem and the aftmost seat of the rowers ; usually fur-
nished with seats for passengers.
STEIIN'UM, 71. [Gr. arepvov.] The breast-bone.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
STI
792
STI
[L. stemutatio.] The act of
[L. sternuo.] Having the quality
STER-NU-Ta'TION,
sneezing. Quincy.
STER-NU'TA-TlVE.
of provoking to sneeze.
STER-NU'TA-TO-RY, a. [Fr. stemutatoire.] Having the
quality of exciting to sneeze.
STER-Nu'TA-TO-RY, n. A substance that provokes
sneezing.
STERN'- WAY, n. [stern and way.] The movement of a
ship backwards, or with her stern foremost.
STER-aUIL'I-NOUS, a. [L. sterquilinium.] Pertaining to
a dunghill ; mean ; dirty ; paltry. Howell.
fSTER'VEN, tosJar?;e. Spenser.
STETH E-SeOPE, n. [Gr. arrjdoi and CKO-ntio.'] A tubular
instrument for distinguishing diseases of the stomach by
sounds.
STEVE, V. t. [from the root of stow.'] To stow, as cotton
or wool in a ship's hold. [Local.]
STe'VE-DORE, n. One whose occupation is to stow goods,
packages, &c. in a ship's hold. JV. York.
t STEVEN, n. [Sax. stefnian.] An outcry ; a loud call ; a
clamor. Spenser.
STEW, V. t. [Fr. etuver ; It. stufare.] 1. To seethe or
gently boil ; to boil slowly in a moderate manner, or with
a simmering heat. 2. To boil in heat.
STEW, V. i. To be seethed in a slow, gentle manner, or in
heat and moisture.
STEW, n. 1. A hot-house; a bagnio. 2. A brothel; a
house of prostitution. South. 3. A prostitute ; [ohs.] 4.
[See Stow.] A store-pond ; a small pond where fish are
kept for the table ; [obs.] 5. Meat stewed ; as, a stew of
pigeons. 6. Confusion, as when the air is full of dust.
Ch-ose.
STEWARD, 71. [Sax. stiward.] 1. A man employed in
great families to manage the domestic concerns. 2. An
officer of state ; as, lord high steward. — 3. In colleges, an
officer who provides food for the students, and superin-
tends the concerns of the kitchen. — 4. In a ship of tear,
an officer who is appointed by the purser to distribute
provisions to the officers and crew. — 5. In Scripture, a
minister of Christ. 1 Cor. iv.
7 STEWARD, v. t. To manage as a steward. Fuller.
STEW'ARD-LY, adv. With the care of a steward. [Little
used,']
STEW'ARD-SHIP, n. The office of a steward.
STEW'ART-RY, n. An overseer or superintendent.
STEWED, pp. Gently boiled ; boiled in heat.
STEWING, ppr. Boiling in a moderate heat.
STEWING, n. The act of seething slowly.
STEW'ISH, a. Suiting a brothel. Hall.
STEW'-PAJN^, n. A pan in which things are stewed.
STIB'I-AL, a. [L. stibi^im.] Liike or having the qualities
of antimony ; antimonial.
t STIB-I-A'RI-AN, n. [L. stibium.] A violent man.
STIB I-A-TED, a. Impregnated with antimony.
STIB'I-UM, n. [L.] Antimony.
STI€'A-DOS, n. A plant. Ainswm-th.
STICH, n. [Gr. ari')(os.] 1. \n poetry, a verse, of whatever
measure or number of feet. — 2. In rural affairs, an order
or rank of trees. [In J^ew England, as much land as lies
between double furrows, is called a stitch, or a land.]
STI-€HOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. crixoi and ixerpov.] A cata-
logue of the books of Scripture, with tlie number of
verses which each book contains.
STICH'-WoRT, I
STITCH'-WoRT, )
STICK, n. [Sax. sticca ; G. stecken ; D. stok ; Dan. stikke ;
Sw. stake, sticka.] 1. The small shoot or branch of a tree
or shrub, cut off; a rod ; also, a staff. 2. Any stem of a
tree, of any size, cut for fuel or timber. 3. Many instru-
ments, long and slender, are called sticks. 4. A thrust
with a pointed instrument that penetrates a body ; a stab.
— Stick of eels, the number of twenty-five eels. Encyc.
STICK, V. t.j pret. and pp. stuck. [Sax. stican, stician ;
G stechen ; Dan. stikker.] 1. To pierce ; to stab ; to cause
to enter, as a pointed instrument; hence, to kill by
piercing. 2. To thrust in ; to fasten or cause to remain
by piercing. 3. To fasten ; to attach by causing to ad-
here to the surface. 4. To set ; to fix in. 5. To set with
something pointed. 6. To fix on a pointed instrument.
STICK, V. i. 1. To adhere ; to hold to by cleaving to the
surface, as by tenacity or attraction. 2. To be united ; to
be inseparable ; to cling fast to, as something reproachful.
3. To rest with the memory ; to abide. 4. To stop ; to be
impeded by adhesion or obstruction. 5. To stop ; to be
arrested in a couree. 6. To stop ; to hesitate. 7. To ad-
here ; to remain ; to resist efforts to remove. 8. To cause
difficulties or scruples ; to cause to hesitate. 9. To be
stopped or hindered from proceeding. 10. To be embar-
rassed or puzzled. 11. Tv, adhere closely in friendship
and affection. — To stick u.i, icr adhere closely ; to be con-
stant ; to be firm.- -1 To-sw-t hv. to adhere closely ; to be
constant. 2. To be ttr^ublesorri*' by adhering,— To sticA;
A plant of the genus stellaria.
upon, to dwell upon; not to forsake.— To stick out, to
project ; to be prominent.
STICK'I-NESS, n. The quality of a thing which makes i
adhere to a plane surface; adhesiveness; viscousness ;
glutinousness ; tenacity.
STICKLE, v.i. 1. To take part with one side or other
2i To contend ; to contest ; to altercate. 3. To trim ; to
play fast and loose ; to pass from one side to the other.
t STICKLE, tj. <• To arbitrate. Drayton.
STICKLE-BACK, /.. A small fish. Encyc.
STICKLER, 71. 1. A sidesman to fencers ; a second to a
duelist ; one who stands to judge a combat. 2. An obsti-
nate contender about any thing —3. Formerly, an officer
who cut wood for the priory of Ederose, within the king's
parks of Clarendon. Vowel.
STIC'KLING, ppr. Trimming ; contending obstinately.
STICK'Y, a. Having the quality of adhering to a surface ;
adhesive ; gluey ; viscous ; viscid ; glutinous ; tena-
cious
STID'DY, 71. [Ice. stedia.] An anvil; also, a smith's
shop. [J^ot in use, or local.]
STIFF, a. [Sax. stif; G. steif; D., Sw. styf ; Dan. stiv.]
1. Not easily bent; not flexible or pliant; not flaccid;
rigid. 2. Not liquid or fluid ; thick and tenacious ; in-
spissated ; not soft nor hard. 3. Strong; violent; impet-
uous in motion. 4. Hardy ; stubborn ; not easily subdu
ed. 5. Obstinate ; pertinacious ; firm in perseverance or
resistance. 6. Harsh ; formal ; constrained ; not natural
and easy. 7. Fonnal in manner ; constrained ; affected ,
starched ; not easy or natural. 8. Strongly maintained,'
or asserted with good evidence. — 9. In seamen's language,
a. stiff vessel is one that will bear sufficient sail without
danger of oversetting.
STIFFEN, (stif 'n) v. t. [Sax. stijian ; Sw. styf7ia ; D.
styven ; G. steifen.] 1. To make stiff; to make less plii^nt
or flexible. 2. To make torpid. 3. To inspissate ; to
make more thick or viscous.
STIFF'EN, (stif'n) v. i. 1. To become stiff; to becouj
more rigid or less flexible. 2. To become more thick, o
less soft ; to be inspissated ; to approach to hardness. 3.
To become less susceptible of impression ; to become less
tender or yielding ; to grow more obstinate.
STIFF'EN-ING, 2>;)r. Making or becoming less pliable, or
more thick, or more obstinate.
STIFF'EN-ING, 7i. Something that is used to make a sub-
stance more stiff or less soft.
STIFF'-HEaRT-ED, a. [stiff and heart.] Obstinate ; stub-
born ; contumacious. Ezek. ii.
STIFF'LY, adv. 1. Firmly ; strongly. Bacon. 2. Rigidly ;
obstinately ; with stubbornness.
STIFF'-NECKSD, a. [stiff and neck.] Stubborn ; inflexi-
bly obstinate ; contumacious. Denham.
STIFF'NESS, n. 1. Rigidness ; want of pliableness or flex-
ibility ; the flrm texture or state of a substance which
renders it difficult to bend it. 2. Thickness ; spissitude ;
a state between softness and hardness. 3. Torpidness ;
inaptitude to motion. 4. Tension. 5. Obstinacy ; stub-
bornness ; contumaciousness. 6. Formality of manner ;
constraint ; affected precision. 7. Rigorousness ; harsh-
ness. 8. Affected or constrained manner of expression
or writing ; want of natural simplicity and ease.
STI'FLE, r. t. [Fr. etouffer, to stifle ; L. stipo.] 1. To suf-
focate ; to stop the breath or action of the lungs by
crowding something into the windpipe, or by infusing "a
substance into the lungs, or by other means ; to choke.
2. To stop. 3. To oppress ; to stop the breath tempora-
rily. 4. To extinguish ; to deaden ; to quench. 5. To
suppress ; to hinder from transpiring or spreading. 6. To
extinguish ; to check or restrain and destroy ; to suppress.
7. To suppress or repress ; to conceal; to withhold from
escaping or manifestation. 8. To suppress ; to destroy.
STI'FLE, n. 1. The joint of a horse next to the buttock,
and corresponding to the knee in man. 2. A disease in
the knee-pan of a horse or other animal.
t STi'FLE-MENT, n. Something that might be suppressed
or concealed. Brewer.
STIGH. See Sty.
STIG'MA, n. [L.] 1. A brand ; a mark made with a burn-
ing iron. 2."'Any mark of infamy ; any reproachful con-
duct which stains the purity or darkens the lustre of
reputation. — 3. In botany, the top of the pistil.
STIG'MA-TA, n. plu. The apertures in the bodies of in-
sects, communicating with the trachete or air-vessels.
STIG-MAT'IC, \a. I. Marked with a stigma, or with
STIG-MAT'I-CAL, \ something reproachful to character.
2. Impressing with infamy or reproach.
STIG-MAT'IC, n. 1. A notorious profligate, or criminal
who has been branded ; [little used.] 2. One who bears
about him the marks of infamy or punishment ; [little
used.] 3. One on whom nature has set a mark of deform-
ity ; [little used.]
STIG-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. With a mark of infamy or
deformity._
STIG'MA-TiZE, v. t. [Fr. stigmatiser.] 1. To mark with
* See Synopsis. A E-
U, ^; Ivng.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
STl
793
STl
a brand. 2. To set a mark of disgrace on ; to disgrace
with some note of reproach or infamy.
STIG'MA-TlZED, pp. Marked with disgrace.
STIG'MA-TlZ-ING, ppr. Branding with infamy.
STi'LAR, a. Pertaining to the stile of a dial. Moxon.
STIL'BITE, n. [Gr. ffrtX/Sw.] A mineral.
STILE, n. [This is another spelling of style. See Style
and Still.] A pin set on the face of a dial to form a
shadow.
STILE, 71. [Sax. stigel.] A step or set of steps for ascend-
ing and descending, in passing a fence or wall. Swift.
STI-LET'TO, 71. rit. dim. from stilo.] A small dagger with
a round, pointed blade.
STILL, V. t. [Sax. stillan ; G., D. stillen ; Dan. stiller.]
1. To stop, as motion or agitation; to check or restrain;
to make quiet. 2. To stop, as noise ; to silence. 3. To
appease ; to calm ; to quiet ; as tumult, agitation or ex-
citement.
STILL, a. 1. Silent ; uttering no sound. 2. Cluiet ; calm ;
not disturbed by noise. 3. Motionless. 4. Quiet ; calm ;
not agitated.
STILL, n. Calm ; silence ; freedom from noise. [A poetic
word.]
STILL, adv. 1. To this time ; till now. 2. Nevertheless ;
notwithstanding. 3. It precedes or accompanies words
denoting increase of degree 4. Always ; ever ; contin-
ually. Pope. 5. After that; after what is stated. 6. In
continuation.
STILL, 71. [L. stillo.] A vessel, boiler or copper used in
the distillation of liquors. JVeinton.
STILL, V. t. [L. stillo.] To expel spirit from liquor by heat,
and condense it in a refrigeratory; to distill.
fSTILL, tJ. i. To drop. See Distill.
STIL-LA-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. jtillatitius.] Falling in drops ;
drawn by a still.
STILL'A-TO-RY, n. 1. An alembic ; a vessel for distilla-
tion ; [little used.] 2. A laboratory ; a room in which dis-
tillation is performed ; [little iised.]
STILL'-BORN, a. 1. Dead at the birth. 2. Abortive.
STILL'-BURN, v. t. To burn in the process of distillation.
STILLED, pp. Calm'id ; appeased ; quieted ; silenced.
STILL'ER, 71. One who stills or quiets.
STIL'LI-CIDE, 7!. [Ij. stillicidium.] A continual falling or
succession of drops. [Mot much used.] Bacon.
STIL-LI-CID'I-OUS, a. Failing in drops. Brown.
STILL'ING, ppr. Calming , silencing ; quieting.
STILL'ING, n. 1. The act of calminff, silencing or quieting.
2. A stand for casks.
STILL'-LlFE, n. 1. Things that have only vegetable life.
Mason. 2. Dead animals, or paintings representing the
dead.
STILL NESS, n. I. Freedom from noise or motion ; calm-
ness ; quiet ; silence. 2. Freedom from agitation or
excitement. 3. Habitual silence ; taciturnity.
STILL' -ST AND, n. Absence of motion. [Little used.]
STIL'LY, adv. 1. Silently ; without noise. 2. Calmly ;
quietly ; without tunmlt.
STILP-NO-SID'E-RITE, n. [Gr. GTik-nvos, and siderite.] A
mineral of a brownish-black color.
STILT, n. [G. stelte ; D. stelt.] A stilt is a piece of wood
with a shoulder, to support the foot in walkmg.
STILT, V. t. 1. To raise on stilts ; to elevate. Young. 2.
To raise by unnatural means.
STIME, n. A glimpse. J^orth of England.
STIM'U-LANT, a. [L. stimulajis.] Increasing or exciting
action, particularly the action of the organs of an animal
body ; stimulating.
STIM'U-LANT, n. A medicine that excites and increases
the action of the moving fibres or organs of an animal
body.
STIM' U-LATE, ij. i. [L. stimulo.] 1. To excite, rouse or
animate to action or more vigorous exertion by some pun-
gent motive or by persuasion. — 2. In taedicine, to excite
or increase the action of the moving fibres or organs of an
animal body.
STIM U-LA-TED, pp. Goaded ; roi^sed or excited to action
or more vigorous exertion.
STIM'U-LA-TING, ppr. Goading; exciting to action or
more vigorous exertion.
STIM-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of goading or exciting.
2. Excitement ; the increased action of the moving fibres
or organs in animal bodies.
STIM'U-LA-TiVE, a. Having the quality of exciting ac-
tion in the animal system.
STIM U-LA-TiVE, 7i. That which stimulates ; that which
rouses into more vigorous action.
STIM'U-LA-TOR, 71. One that stimulates.
STIM'U-LUS, n. [L.] Literally, a goad ; hence, some-
thing that rouses from languor; that which excites or
increases action in the animal system ; or that which
louses the mind or spirits.
STING, V. t.; pret. and pp. stung. Stang is obsolete. [Goth.
stigcwan ; Sax. stingan, styngan.] I. To pierce with the
sharp-pointed instrument with which certain animals are
furnished, such as bees, wasps, scorpions and the like
2. To pain acutely.
STING, n. [Sax. sting, stincg.] I. A sharp-pointed weap-
on by which certaiii animals are armed by nature for
their defense. 2. The thrust of a sting into the flesh.
3. Any thing that gives acute pain. 4. The point in the
last verse. 5. That which gives the principal pain, or
constitutes the principal terror.
STING'ER, 71. That which stings, vexes or gives acute pain.
STIN'Gl-LY, adv. [from stingy.] With mean covetoua-
ness ; in a niggardly manner.
STIN'6I-NESS, n. [from stingy.] Extreme avarice ; mean
covetousness ; niggardliness.
STING'LESS, a. [frjm sting.] Having no sting.
STIN'GO, 71. [from the sharpness of the taste.] Old beer.
[.d cant word.] Addison.
STIN'GY, a. [ vV. ystang.] Extremely, close and cove-
tous ; meanly avaricious ; niggardly ; narrow-hearted
[A low word.]
STINK, V. i.; pret. stank, or stunk. [Sax. stincan; G., D.
stinken.] To emit a strong, ofiensive smell.
STINK, n. A strong, offensive smell. Dryden.
STINK' ARD, 71. A mean, paltry fellow.
STINK'ER, 71. Sometliing intended to offend by the smell.
Ha-rvey.
STINKING, ppr. Emitting a strong, offensive smell.
STINK'ING-LY, adv. With an offensive smell. Shak.
STINK'POT, ?t. An artificial composition offensive to the
smell. Harvey.
STINK'STONE, n. Swinestone, a mineral. Ure.
STINT, V. t. [Sax. stintan, to stint or stunt; Ice. stunta.'\
1. To restrain within certain limits ; to bound ; to confine ;
to limit. 2. To assign a certain task in labor, which
being performed, the person is excused from further labor
for the day, or for a certain time ; a common use of the
word in America.
STINT, n. A small bird, the tringa cinctus.
STINT, n. 1. Limit ; bound ; restraint. Dryden. 2. Quan-
tity assigned ; proportion allotted. Shak.
ST'irVT'ANCE, n. Restraint ; stopi)age. [JVot xised, or local.]
STINT'ED,;?^. Restrained to a certain limit or quantity.
STINT'ER, n. He or that which stints.
STINT'ING, j?;w. Restraining within certain limits ; assign-
ing a certain quantity to ; limiting.
STIPE,?;. [T,. stipes.] la. botany , the base of a frond; or
a species of stem passing into leaves.
STIP'EL, ??. [See Stipula.] In botany, a little appendix
situated at the base of the folioles. Decandolle.
STi'PEND, n. [L. stipendium.] Settled pay or compensa-
tion for services, whether daOy or monthly wages, or an
annual salary.
STi'PEND, 7). t. To pay by settled wages. Shelton.
* STI-PEND'I-A-RY, a. [L. stipendiarius.] Receiving wa-
ges or salary ; performing services for a stated price or
compensation. Knolles.
* STI-PEND'I-A-RY, n. One who performs services for a
settled compensation, either by the day, month or year.
STIP'I-TATE, a. In botany, supported by a stipe ; elevated
on a stipe ; as pappus or down. Martyn.
STIP'PLE, V. t. To engrave by means of dots, in distinction
from engraving ".n lines. Todd.
STIP'PLED, pv. Engraved with dots.
STIP'PLING, ppr. Engraving with dots.
STIP'PLING, n. A mode of engraving on copper by means
of dots. Cyc.
STIP'TIC. See Sty?tic.
STIP'U-LA, or STIP'ULE, n. [L. stipula.] In botany, a
scale at the base of nascent petioles or peduncles. A leafy
appendage to the proper leaves or to their footstalks.
STIP-U-La'CEOUS, I a. [from L. stipxda, stipularis.] 1
STIP'U-LAR, \ Formed of stipules or scales. 2.
Growing rn stipules, or close to them.
STIP'U-LATE, v.i. [L. stipulor.] 1. To make an agree-
ment or covenant with any person or company to do or
forbear any thing; to contract; to settle terms. 2. To
bargain.
STIP'U-LATE, a. Having stipules on it.
STIP'U-LA-TED, pp. Aareed ; contracted ; covenanted
STIP'U-LA-TING, jjp-. Agreeing; contracting.
STIP-U-La'TION, n. [Fr.; L. stipulatio.] 1. The act of
agreeing and covenanting ; a contracting or bargaining.
2. An agreement or covenant made by one person with
another for the performance or forbearance of some act ; a
contract or bargain. — 3. In botany, the situation and
structure of the stipules.
STIP'U-LA-TOR, n. One who stipulates or covenants.
STIP'ULE. See Stipula.
STiR, V. t. [Sax. stirian, styrian; D. stooren; G. storen,]
1. To move ; to change place in any manner. 2. To agi-
tate ; to bring into debate. 3. To incite to action ; to
instigate ; to prompt. 4. To excite ; to raise ; to put into
motion.— 7*0 stir up. 1. To incite ; to animate. 2. To ex-
cite ; to put into action ; to begin. 3. To quicken ; to
enliven. 4. To disturb.
* Sej Synopsis. MOA'E, BOOK, D6VE ;— BUIX, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. "tObsolete
STO
794
STO
STSR, V. i. 1. To move one's self. 2. To go or be carried
in any manner. 3. To be in motion ; not to be still. 4.
To become the object of notice or conversation. 5. To
rise in the morning 5 [colloquial,] Shak.
STiR, n. [W. ystwr,~\ 1. Agitation ; tumult ; bustle ; noise
or various movements. 2. Public disturbance or commo-
tion j tumultuous disorder ; seditious uproar. 3. Agita-
tion of thouglits ; conflicting passions.
STiR'A-BOUT, n. A Yorkshire dish fonned of oat-meal,
boiled in water to a certain consistency. Malone.
STIR'I-A-TED, a. [L. stiria, an icicle.] Adorned vv'ith pen-
dants like icicles.
STIR'I-OUS, a. Resembling icicles. [Little used.] Brown.
STiRK, n. A young ox or heifer. [Local.]
t STiRP, 71. [L. stirps.] Stock ; race ; family. Bacon.
STIRRED, p;*' Moved ; agitated ; put in action.
STiR'RER, n. 1. One who is in motion. 2. One who puts
in motion. 3. A riser in the morn'ag. 4. An inciter or
exciter , an instigator. 5. A stirrer up, an exciter ; an
instigator.
STiR'RING ppr Moving ; agitating ; putting in motion.
STiR'RING, ?i The act of moving or putting in motion.
* STIR'RUP, (ster'rup) n. [Sax. stige-rapa.] A kind of
ring or bent piece of metal, horizontal on one side for
receiving the foot of the rider, and attached to a strap
which is fastened to the saddle , used to assist persons
in mounting a horse, and to enable them to sit steadily in
riding, as well as to relieve them by supporting a part of
the weight of the body.
STIR'RUP-LEATH-ER, n. A strap that supports a stirrup.
STITCH, V. t. [G. sticken; D. stikken ; Dan. stikker j Sw.
sticka.] 1. To sew in a particular manner ; to sew slight-
ly or loosely. 2. To form land into ridges ; [JV. England.]
STITCH, V. i. To practice stitching.
STITCH, 71. 1. A single pass of a needle in sewing. 2. A
single turn of the thread round a needle in knitting ; a
link of yarn. 3. A land ; the space between two double
furrows in ploughed ground. 4. A local, spasmodic pain ;
an acute, lancing pain, like the piercing of a needle.
STITCHED, pp. Sewed slightly.
STITCH'EL, 71. A kind of hairy wool. [Local.]
STITCH'ER, n. One that stitches.
STITCH'ER-Y, n. Needlework ; in contempt. Shak.
t STITCH'FALL-EN, a. Fallen, as a stitch in knitting.
STrOCH'ING, ppr. Sewing in a particular manner.
STITCH'ING, n. 1. The act of stitching. 2. Work done
by sewing in a particular manner. 3. The forming of
land into ridges or divisions.
STITCH'- W6RT, 71. A plant, camomile. [1.. anthemis.]
t STITII, a. [Sax.] Strong ; rigid.
STITH'Y, 7?. [Ice. stedia.] 1. An anvil j [local.] Shak.
2. A disease m oxen.
STIVE, v.t. [See Stuff and Stew.] 1. To stuff up close ;
[little used.] Sandys, 2. To make hot, sultry and close ;
[obs.] Wotton,
STI'VER, n. [Sw. stifver ; D. stuiver.] A Dutch coin of
about the value of the cent of the United Stales.
SToAK, V. t. To stop ; to choke ; in seamen's language.
SToAT, n. An animal of the weasel kind ; the ermine.
t STo'€AH, 71. [Ir. and Erse.] An attendant ; a wallet-
boy.
STOC-CaDE', ) 71. [It. staccato ; Sp. estocada ,• Fr. estocade.]
ST0C-€a'D0, \ 1. A stab ; a thrust with a rapier. 2. A
fence or barrier made with stakes or posts planted in the
earth ; a slight fortification 5 .see Stockade.
t ST0-€HAS'TI€, a. [Gr. cTOxaariKos.] Conjectural ; able
to conjecture. Brown.
STOCK, n, [Sax. stoc ; G. stock ; D., Dan. stok ; Sw. stock ;
Fr. estoc ; It. stocco.] 1. The stem or main body of a tree or
other plant ; the fixed, strong, firm part ; the origin and sup-
port of the branches. .Tob xiv. 2. The stem in which a graft
is inserted, and which is its support. 3. A post ; something
fixed, solid and senseless. 4. A person very stupid, dull
and senseless. 5. The handle of any thing. 6. The
v/ood in which the barrel of a musket or other fire-arm is
fixed. 7. A thrust with a rapier ; [obs.] 8. A cravat or
band for the neck. 9. A cover for the leg ; [obs. now
stocking.] 10. The original progenitor ; also, the race or
line of a family ; the progenitors of a family and their
direct descendants ; lineage ; family. 11. A fund ; capi-
tal ; the money or goods employed in trade, manufactures,
insurance, banking, &c. 12. Money lent to government,
or property in a public debt. 13. Supply provided : store.
— 14. In agriculture, the domestic animals or beasts be-
longing to the owner of a farm ; as, a stock of cattle or of
sheep. 15. Living beasts shipped to a foreign country.
Jlmerica.—W. In the West Indies, the slaves of a planta-
tion. 17'. Stocks, plu., a machine consisting of two pieces
of timber, in which the legs of criminals are confined by
way of punishment. 18. The frame or timbers on wliicJi
a ship rests while building. 19. The stock of an anchor
is the piece of timber into which the shank is inserted.
Mar. Diet —20. In book-keeping, the owner or owners of
the books.
STOCK, V. t. 1. lb store ; to supply ; to fill. 2. To lay np
in store. 3. To put in the stocks ; [little v^xd.] 4. To
pack ; to put into a pack. 5. To supply with domestic
animals. 6. To supply with seed. ./37?ierica/i/ar»ier5. 7
To sufl^er cows to retain their milk for 24 hours or more,
previous to sale.— To stock up, to extirpate 5 to dig up.
Edwards, W. Indies.
STO€K-aDE', n. [See Stoccade.] 1. In fortification, a
sharpened post or stake set in the earth. 2. A line of
posts orstakes set in the earth as a fence or barrier.
STOCK-aDE', v. t. To surround or fortify with sharpenei
posts fixed in the ground.
STOCK-aD'ED, pp. Fortified with stockades.
STOCK-aD'ING, ppr. Fortifymg with sharpened posts or
STOCK'BRoK-ER, 71. A broker who deals in the purchase
and sale of stocks or shares in the public funds.
STOCK'-DoVE, n. [stock and dove.] The ring-dove. Dry-
den.
STOCK'-FISH, 71. Cod dried hard and without salt.
STOCK-GIL'LY-FLOW-ER, 71. A plant, a species of che-
iranthus ^ sometimes written stock July flower.
STO€K'HoLD-ER, n. A shareholder or proprietor of stock
in the public funds, or in the funds of a bank or other
company. United States.
STOCK'ING, 71. [from stock ; Ir. stoca.] A garment made
to cover the leg.
STOCK'ING, V. t. To dress in stockings. Dryden.
STOCK'ISH,a. Hard; stupid : blockish. [Little used.] Shak.
STOCK'-JOB-BER, n. [stock and jo&.] One who speculates
in the public funds for gain ; one whose occupation is to
buy and sell stocks.
STOCK'-JOB-BING, 71. The act or art of dealing in the
public funds. Encyc.
STOCK'-LOCK, 71. [stock and lock.] A lock fixed in wood
Moxo^i.
STOCKS, See under Stock.
STOCK '-STILL, a. Still as a fixed post ; perfectly still-
STOCK'Y, a. Thick and firm ; stout. A stocky person is
one rather thick than tall or corpulent.
SToTC, n. [Gr. otwiko?.] A disciple of the philosopher
Zeno, who founded a sect. He taught that men should be
free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief.
STo'IC, / a. 1. Pertaining to the Stoics or to their doc-
STo'I-CAL, ( trines. 2. Not affected by passion ; unfeei-
iiig ; manifesting indifference to pleasure or pain.
STo'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of the Stoics ; with-
out apparent feeling or sensibility ; with indifference to
pleasure or pain.
STo'I-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being Stoical ; indiffer-
ence to pleasure or pain.
STo'I-CISM, n. 1. The opinions and maxims of the Stoics,
2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain ;
insensibility.
STOKE, Sax. stocce, stoc, place, is the same word as stock,
differently applied. It is found in many English names
of towns.
STOKE, ) n. One who looks after the fire in a brew-house .
SToK'ER, \ [Local or technical.]
STOLE, pret. of steal.
STOLE, ;i. [L., It. stola; Sp. estola.] 1. A long vest or
robe ; a garment worn by the priests of some denomina-
tions when they officiate. 2. [L. stolo.] A sucker; a
shoot from the root of a plant, by which some plants may
be propagated ; written, also, stool.
STo'LEN, (sto'ln) pp. The passive participle of steal.
tSTOL'lD, a. [L. stolidus.] Dull ; foolish ; stupid.
STO-LID'I-TY, 71. Dullness of intellect ; stupidity. [L. u.]
STOL-O-NIF'ER-OTJS, a. [h. stolo and /ero.] Producing
suckers ; putting forth suckers. Martijn.
SToM'ACH, 71. [L. stomaehus ,• It. stomacho ; Fr. estomac]
1. In animal bodies, a membranous receptacle, the organ
of digestion, in which food is prepared for entering intO'
the several parts of the body for its nourishment. 2. Ap-
petite ; the desire of food caused by hunger. 3. Incli-
nation ; liking. 4. Anger ; violence of temper. 5. Sul-
lenness ; resentment ; willful obstinacy ; stubbornness.
G. Pride ; haughtiness.
SToM'ACH, V. t. [L. stomaclwr,] 1. To resent ; to re-
member with anger. 2. To brook ; to bear without open
resentment or without opposition ; [710* elegant.]
t ST6M'ACH, V. i. To be angry. Hooker.
tST6M'A-CHAL,a. [Vx. stomacal.] Cordial ; helping the
stomach. Cota-rave.
SToM'ACHED, a. Filled with resentment. Shak.
SToM'A-CHER, n. An ornament or support to the breast,
worn by females. Is. iii. Shak.
SToM'ACH-FUL, a. Willfully obstinate ; stubborn ; per-
verse. L'Estrange.
ST6M'ACH-FUL-NESS,7i. Stubbornness ; sullenness ; per-
verse obstinacy.
STO-MACH'IC, ) a, 1. Pertaining to the stomach. 2,
STO-MACH'I-CAL, \ Strengthening to the stomach ; ex-
citing the action of the stomach.
* See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, "0, "7, long,—FK'R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete
STO
795
STU
STO-MA€H'I€, n. A medicine that excites the actioii and
strengthens the tone of the stomach.
j-SToM'AOH-ING, n. Resentment.
SToM-AGH'LESS, a. Being without appetite. Hall.
fSToM'ACH-OUS, a. Stout ; sullen j obstinate. Spenser
■j-SToIVI'A€H-Y, a. Obstinate; sullen. Jennings.
STOJMP, for stamp, which see.
t STOND, 7i. [for stand.] A stop ; a post ; a station.
STONE, n. [Sax. Stan; Goth, staina ; G. stein; D., Dan.
steen.] 1. A concretion of some species of earth, as lime,
silex, clay and the like, usually in combination with some
species of air or gas, with sulphur or with a metallic sub-
stance ; a hard, compact body, of any form and size. 2.
A gem ; a precious stone. 3. Any thing made of stone ;
a mirror. 4. A calculous concretion in the kidneys or
bladder ; the disease arising from a calculus. 5. A testicle.
6. TJie nut of a drupe or stone-fruit ; or the hard covering
inclosing the kernel, and itself inclosed by the pulpy
pericarp. — 7. In Great Britain, the weight of fourteen
pounds. [8, 12, 14 or 16.] 8. A monument erected to pre-
serve the memory of the dead. 9. It is used to express
torpidness and insensibility. 10. Stone is prefixed to
some words to qualify their signification.
STONE, a. Made of stone, or like stone ; as, a stone jug.
STONE, V. t. [Sax. stcenan.} 1. To pell, beat or kill with
stones. 2. To harden; [_Little used.] 3. To free from
stones. 4. To wall or face with stones ; to line or fortify
wjtli stones.
SToNE'-BLiND, a. Blind as a stone ; perfectly blind.
SToNE'-BoW, n. A cross bow for shooting stones.
SToNE'-BREaK, 71. [L. saxifraga.} A plant.
STONE'-CHAT, / n. [stone and chatter.^ A bird,
SToNE'-CHAT-TER, \ the motacilla rubicola.
SToNE'-eRAY, n. A distemper in hawks.
SToNE'-€ROP, n. [Sax. stan-crop.] A sort of tree ; a
plant.
ST6NE'€UT-TER, n. [stone and cut.] One whose occu-
pation is to hew stones. Swift.
SToNE'eUT-TING, ;i. The business of hewing stones for
walls, steps, cornices, monuments, &c.
SToNED, pp. Pelted or killed with stones; freed from
stones ; walled with stones.
SToNE'-DEAD, a. As lifeless as a stone.
SToNE'-FERN, w. [stone and fern.] A plant.
SToNE'-FLY, TO. [stone and ^y.] An insect, jlinsworth.
SToNE'-FRtJlT, 7j. [stone and fruit.] Fruit whose seeds
are covered with a hard shell enveloped in the pulp, as
peaches, cherries, plums, &c.; a drupe.
SToNE'-HAWK, n. [stone and hawk.) A kind of hawk.
BTfjNE'-HEART-ED, or STo'NY-HEART-ED, a. Hard-
hearted ; cruel ; pitiless ; unfeeling.
SToNE'-HORSE, 71. A horse not castrated.
SToNE'-HOUSE, n. A house built of stone.
SToNE'-PARS-LEY, n. A plant of the genus bubon.
SToNE'-PIT, n. A pit or quarry where stones are dug.
SToNE'-PITCH, n. Hard, inspissated pitch.
SToNE'-PLoV-ER, 71. [stone and plover .] A bird.
SToN'ERj 71. One who beats or kills with stones ; one who
walls with stones.
SToNES'-€AST, or SToNES'-THRoW, n. The distance
which a stone may be thrown by the hand.
SToNE'S'-MI€-KLE, n. A bird. Ainsworth.
SToNE'-SQ,UaR-ER, 77. [stone and square.] One who
forms stones into squares. 1 Kings v.
SToNE'-STILL, a. [stone and still.] Still as a stone ; per-
fectly still or motionless.
SToNE'-WALL, n. A wall built of stones.
ST6NE'-WARE,7i. [stone and ware.] A species of potter's-
ware of a coarse kind, glazed and baked.
SToNE'-WoRK, n. [stone and 7007-/i:.] Work or wall con-
sisting of stone ; mason's work of stone. Mortimer.
STo'NI-NESS, n. 1. The quality of abounding with stones.
2. Hardness of heart. Hammond.
STO'NY, a. [D. steenig ; G. steinig.] 1. Made of stone.
2. Consisting of stone. 3. Full of stones; abounding
with stones. 4. Petrifying. 5. Hard ; cruel ; unrelenting ;
pitiless, 6. Insensible ; obdurate ; perverse ; morally
hard.
STOOD, pret. of stand.
STOOK, n. [W. ystwc] A small collection of sheaves set
' up in the field. [Local.]
STOOK, V. t. To set up sheaves of grain in stocks. [Local.]
STOOL, 71. [Sax. stol ; Goth, stols ; G. stuhl ; D., Dan. stoel ;
Sw. stol.] 1. A seatwithout a back ; a little form consist-
ing of a board with three or four legs, intended as a seat
for one person. 2. The seat used in evacuating the con-
tents of the bowels ; hence, an evacuation ; a discharge
from the bowels. 3. [L. stolo.] A sucker ; a shoot from
the bottom of the stem or the root of a plant. — Stool of
repentance, in Scotland, an elevated seat in the church, on
which persons sit as a punishment for fornication and
aaultery.
STOOL, V. i. In agriculture, to ramify ; to tiller, as grain ;
to shoot out suckers.
STOOL'-BALL, n. [stool and ball.] A play in which balls
are driven from stool to stool. Prior
STOOM, V. t. To put bags of herbs or other ingredients into
wine, to prevent fermentation. [Local.]
STOOP. V. I. [Sax. stupian; D. stuipen.] 1. To bend the
body downward and forward. 2. To bend or lean forward ,
to incline forward in standing or walking. 3. To yield ;
to submit; to bend ay compulsion. 4. To descend from
rank or dignity ; to condescend. 5. To yield ; to be infe-
rior. 6. To come down on prey, as a hawk. 7. To alight
from the wing. 8. To sink to a lower place.
STOOP, V. t. 1. To cause to incline downward 3 to sink.
2. To cause to submit ; [little used.]
STOOP, n. 1. The act of bending the body forward ; in-
clination forward. 2. Descent from dignity or superiority
condescension. 3. Fall of a bird on his prey. — 4. In
America, a kind of shed, generally open, but attached to a
house ; also, an open place for seats at a door.
STOOP, 71. [Sax. stoppa ; D. stoop.] 1. A vessel of liquor.
2. A post fixed in the earth ; [locaL]
STOOPED, pp. Caused to lean.
STOOPER, 71. One that bends the body forward.
STOOPTNGj^^jr. Bending the body forward; yielding,
submitting ; condescending ; inclining.
STOOPTNG-LY, adv. With a bending of the body forward.
STOOR, V. i. To rise in clouds, as dust or smoke ; from the
Welsh ystwr, a stir. [Local.]
STOOT'ER, 77. A small silver coin in Holland, value 2|
stivers. Encyc.
STOP, -u. t. [D. stoppen; G. stopfen ; Dan. stopper; Sw.
stoppa ; It. stoppare.] 1. To close ; as an aperture, by
filling or by obstructing. 2. To obstruct ; to render im-
passable. 3. To hinder ; to impede ; to arrest progress.
4. To restrain; to hinder ; to suspend. 5. To repress; to
suppress: to restrain. 6. To hinder; to check. 7. To
hinder from action or practice. 8. To put an end to any
motion or action ; to intercept. 9. To regulate the sounds
of musical strings. — 10. In seamanship, to make fast. 11.
To point, as a written composition ; [obs.]
STOP, V. i. 1. To cease to go forward. 2. To cease from
any motion or course of action.
STOP, n. I. Cessation of progressive motion. 2. Hinder-
ance of progress ; obstruction ; act of stopping. 3. Re-
pression ; hinderance of operation or action. 4. Interrup-
tion. 5. Prohibition of sale. 6. That which obstructs ;
obstacle ; impediment. 7. The instrument by which the
sounds of wind-music are regulated. 8. Regulation of
musical chords by the fingers. 9. The act of applying
the stops in music. 10. A point or mark in writing, in-
tended to distinguish the sentences, parts of a sentence or
clauses, and to show the proper pauses in reading.
STOP'-€0€K, 77. [stop and cock.] A pipe for letting out a
fluid, stopped by a turning-cock. Oreio.
fSTOP'-GAP, 71. A temporary expedient.
fSTOP'LESS, a. Not to be slopped. Davenant.
STOP'PAGE, 71. The act of stopping or arresting progress
or motion ; or the state of beuig stopped.
STOPPED, j:)^. Closed; obstructed ; hindered from proceed
ing ; impeded ; intercepted.
STOP'PER, n. 1. One who stops, closes, shuts or hinders ,
that which stops or obstructs ; that which closes or fills a
vent or hole in a vessel. — 2. In seamen's language, a
short piece of rope used for making something fast, as the
anchor or cables.
STOP'PER, V. t. To close with a stopper.
STOP'PERED, pp. Closed with a stopper. Henry.
STOP'PING, ppr. Closing ; shutting ; obstructing ; hinder
ing from proceeding ; ceasing to go or move.
STOP'PLE, 71. [Sw. stopp.] That which stops or closes the
rnouth of a vessel.
SToR'AGE, 71. 1. The act of depositing in a store or ware-
house for safe keeping ; or the safe keeping of goods in a
warehouse. 2. The price charged or paid for keeping
goods in a store.
STo'RAX, 71. [L. styrax.] A plant or tree.
STORE, 7!. [yv.ystur; Sax., Dan. stor ; Ir. stor, storas.]
1. A large number; [obs.] 2. A large quantity; great
plenty ; abundance. 3. A stock provided ; a large quan-
tity for supply ; ample abundance. 4. Cluantity accumu-
lated; fund; abundance. 5. A storehouse ; amagazineja
warehouse. — 6. In the United States, shops for the sale of
goods of any kind, by wholesale or retail, are often called
stores. — In store, in a state of accumulation, in a literal
sense ; hence, in a state of preparation for supply.
t STORE, a. Hoarded ; laid up ; as, store treasure.
STORE, V. t. 1 To furnish ; to supply ; to replenish., 2
To stock against a future time. 3. To reposit in a store
or warehouse for preservation ; to wareliouse.
STORED, pp. 1. Furnished ; supplied. 2. Laid up in
store ; warehoused.
SToRE'-HOUSE, ti. 1. A building for keeping grain or
goods of any kind ; a magazine ; a repository ; a ware-
house. 2. A repository. 3. A great mass repositedj
[obs.]
* See Synopsis. MCVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
STR
790
STR
ST6BE'-KEEP-ER, n [store and keeper.] A man who has
the care of a store
SToR'ER, n. One who lays up, or forms a store.
t STo'RI-AL, a. [from story.] Historical. Chaucer.
STo'RIED, a. [from story.] 1. Furnished with stories ;
adorned with historical paintings. 2. Related in story ;
told or recited in history.
■'STo'RI-ER, n. A lelater of stories ; a historian. ,
t STo'RI-FY, V. t. To form or tell stories. Ch. R. Appeal.
STORK, n. [Sax. store ; Dan,, Sw. stork.] A large fowl of
fhe genus ardea or heron.
STORK'S'-BILL, n. A plant of the genus geranium.
STORM, n. [Sax., D., Dan., Sw. storm ; G. sturm.] 1. A
violent wind j a tempest. 2. A violent assault on a forti-
fied place ; a furious attempt of troops to enter and take
a fortified place by scaling the walls, forcing the gates,
and the like. 3. Violent civil or political commotion ;
sedition ; insurrection j also, clamor ; tumult ; disturbance
of the public peace. 4. Affliction j calamity; distress 3
adversity. 5. Violence; vehemence; tumultuous force.
STORM, V. t. To assault ; to attack and attempt to take
by scaling the walls, forcing gates or breaches, and the
like.
STORM, V. i. 1. To raise a tempest. 2. To blow with
violence ; impersonally. 3. To rage ; to be in a violent
agitation of passion; to fume.
STORM'-BeAT, a. Beaten or impaired by storms.
STORMED, pp. Assaulted by violence.
STORM'I-NESS, 71. Tempestuousness ; the state of being
agitated by violent winds.
STORM'ING, ppr. Attacking with violent force ; raging.
STORM'Y, a. 1. Tempestuous ; agitated with furious
winds ; boisterous. 2. Proceeding from violent agitation
or fury. 3. Violent; passionate; [unusual.]
STo'RY, n. [Sax. stmr, ster ; It. storia ; L. historia.] 1. A
verbal narration or recital of a series of facts or incidents.
2. A written narrative of a series of facts or events , 3.
History ; a written narrative or account of past transac-
tions, whether relating to nations or individuals. 4. Pet-
ty tale ; relation of a single incident or of trifling inci-
dents. 5. A trifling tale ; a fiction ; a fable ; as, the story
of a fairy. 6. A lolt ; a floor ; or a set of rooms on the
same floor or level.
STo'RY, w. t. 1. To tell in historical relation ; to narrate.
2. To range one under another ; \l.u.] Bentley.
STo'RY-TELL-ER, n. [story and tell.] 1. One who tells
stories; a narrator of a series of incidents. 2. A histori-
an ; in contempt. 3. One who tells fictitious stories.
jSTOT, n. [Sa.x. stotte.] 1. Ahorse. 2. A young bullock
or steer.
STOTE. See Stoat.
f STOTJND, V. i. [Ice. stunde.] 1. To be in pain or sorrow.
2. Stunned; see Astound.
jSTOUND, n. 1. Sorrow; grief. 2. A shooting pain. 3.
Noise. 4. Astonishment; amazement. 5. ['Da.n. stund.]
Hour ; time ; season. 6. A vessel to put small beer in ;
[local.]
■j STOUR, n. [Sax. strjrlan.] A battle or tumult.
STOUT, a. [D. stout; Dan. stSder.] 1. Strong; lusty. 2.
Bold; intrepid; valiant; brave. 3. Large; bulky. 4.
Proud; resolute; obstinate. 5. Strong; firm.
STOUT, 71. A cant name for strong beer. Swift.
STOUT'LY, ado. Lustily ; boldly ; obstinately.
STOUT'NESS, 71. 1. Strength ; bulk. 9. Boldness ; for-
titude. 3. Obstinacy; stubbornness. Shak.
STOVE, 71, [Sax.stofa; Sw. stufva ; D. stoof ; It. stufa.]
1. A hot-house ; a house or room artificially warmed. 2.
A small box with an iron pan, used for holding coals to
warm the feet. 3. An iron box, cylinder or fire-place, in
which fire is made to warm an apartment. 4. An iron
box, with various apartments in it for cooking ; a culina-
ry ute-nsil of various forms,
STOVE, V. t. To keep warm in a house or room by artifi-
cial heat.
STOVE, pret. of stave.
SToV'ER, n. [a contraction of estover.] Fodder for cattle ;
prim.arily, fodder from threshed grain.
SToW, V. t. [Sax. stoio ; G. stazien ; D. stuwen ; Dan. stu-
ver ; Sp., Port, estivar.] 1. To place ; to put in a suita-
ble place or position. 2. To lay up ; to reposit.
SToW'AOE, n. 1. The act or operation of placing in a
suitable position ; or the suitable disposition of several
tilings together. 2, Room for the reception of things to
be reposited. 3. The state of being laid up. 4. Money
paid for stowing goods ; [little used.]
ST'^WED, pp. Placed in due position or order,
SToW'ING, ppr. Placing in due position ; disposing in
good order.
STRa'BISM, n. [L. strabismus.] A squinting ; the act or
habit of looking asquint.
STRAD'DLB, v. i. To part the legs wide ; to stand or walk
with the legs far apart.
BTRAD'DLE, v. t. To place one leg on one side and the
other on the other of any thing.
STRAD'DLING, ppr. Standing or walking with the legs
far apart ; placing one leg on one side and the other on the
other.
STRAG'GLE, (strag'l) v. i. 1. To wander from the direct
course or way ; to rove. 2. To wander at large without
any certain direction or object ; to ramble. 3. To exuber-
ate ; to shoot too far in growth, 4. To be dispersed ; to
be apart from any main body.
STRAG'GLER, n. 1. A wanderer; a rover; one that de-
parts from the direct or proper course. Swift. 2. A vaga-
bond ; a wandering, shiftless fellow. 3. Something that
shoots beyond the rest, or too far. 4. Something that
stands by itself.
STRAG'GLING, ppr. Wandering; roving; rambling; be-
ing in a separate position.
STRAHL'STEIN, n. [G. strahl and stein.] Another name
of actinolite. Ure.
STRAIGHT, (strate) a. [L. strictus ; Sax. strac ; Fr. etroit;
It. stretto ; Sp. estrecho ; Port, estreito,] 1. Right, in a
mathematical sense ; direct ; passing from one point to an-
other by the nearest course ; not deviating or crooked. 2.
Narrow; dose; tight. 3. Upright; according with jus-
tice and rectitude ; not deviating from truth or fair-
ness.
STRAIGHT, (strate) adv. Immediately ; directly ; in the
shortest time.
STRaIGHT'EN, (stra'tn) v.t. 1. To make straight ; to re-
duce from a crooked to a straight form. 2. To make nar
row, tense or close ; to tighten. 3. To reduce to difficu!
ties or distress.
STRAIGHT'ENED, pp. Made straight ; made narrow.
STRAIGHT'EN-ER, n. He or that which straightens.
STRAIGHT'EN-ING, ppr. Making straight or narrow.
STRAIGHT'PoRTH, atZtj. Directly; thenceforth.
STRAIGIIT'LY, adv. 1. In a right line ; not crookedly.
2. Tightly ; closely,
STRAIGHT'NESS, (strate'nes) n. 1. The quality or state
of being straight; rectitude. Bacon. 2. Narrowness;
tension ; tightness.
STRAIGHT'WAY, (strate'wa) adv. [straight and way.]
Immediately ; without loss of time ; without delay. —
Straighticays is obsolete.
STRAIKS, n. Strong plates of iron on the circumference of
a cannon wheel over the joints of the fellies.
STRAIN, V. t. [Fr. etreindre ; It. strignere ; Sp, estrenir ;
L, stringo.] 1. To stretch ; to draw with force ; to ex-
tend with great efibrt, 2, To cause to draw with force,
or with excess of exertion ; to injure by pressing with too
much efi'ort, 3, To stretch violently or by violent exer-
tion, 4. To put to the utmost strength. 5. To press or
cause to pass through some porous substance ; to purify or
separate from extraneous matter by filtration ; to filter.
6. To sprain ; to injure by drawing or stretching. 7. To
make tighter ; to cause to bind closer, 8. To force ; to
constrain ; to make uneasy or unnatural,
STRAIN, V. i. 1. To make violent efforts. 2. To be fil-
tered.
STRAIN, n. A violent effort ; a stretching or exertion of
the limbs or muscles, or of any thing else. 2. An injury
by excessive exertion, drawing or stretching. 3. Style ;
continued manner of speaking or writing. 4. Song;
note ; sound ; or a particular part of a tune. 5. Turn ;
tendency; inborn disposition. 6. Manner of speech or
action, 7. Race ; generation ; descent ; [ohs.] 8. He-
reditary disposition ; [obs.] 9. Rank; character; [obs.]
fSTRAIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being strained. Bacon.
STRAINED, j>p. Stretched; violently exerted ; filtered.
STRAIN'ER, n. That through which any liquid passes for
purification ; an instrument for filtration.
STRAIN'IA^G, ppr. Stretching ; exerting with violence ;
making great efforts ; filtering.
STRAIN'ING, 71. The act of stretching; the act of filter-
ing ; filtration.
fSTRATNT, 71. A violent stretching or tension. Spenser.
STRAIT, a. [See Straight.] 1. Narrow; close; not
broad. 2. Close; intimate; as, a strait degree of favor.
Sidney. 3. Strict; rigorous, 4, Difficult ; distressful, 5.
Straight ; not crooked,
STRAIT, 71, [See Straight.] 1. A narrow pass or
passage, either in a mountain or in the ocean, betvs^een
continents or other portions of land. 2. Distress ; difficul-
ty ; distressing necessity ; formerly written streight.
t STRAIT, V. t. To put to difficulties. Shak.
STRAIT'EN, (stra'tn) v.t. 1. To make narrow. 2. To
contract ; to confine. 3. To make tense or tight. 4. To
distress ; to perplex ; to press with poverty or other neces-
sity. 5. To press by want of sufficient room.
STRATT'-HAND-ED, a. [strait and hand.] Parsimonious ;
sparing ; niggardly. [JVot much used.]
STRAIT-HAND'ED-NESS, n. Niggardliness ; parsimony.
Hall.
STRAIT'-LACED, a. [strait and lace.] I. Griped with
stays. Locke. 2. Stiff; constrained. 3. Rigid in opin
ion; strict.
See S-trnopsis A, K, T, O, tJ, Y, long.~FKR, FALL, W^HAT ;— PREY ;~PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;
f Obsolete
STR
797
STR
STRaITLY, ado 1. Narrowly; closely. 2. Strictly;
rigorously. 3. Closely; intimately.
STRaIT'NESS, n. 1. Narrowness. 2. Strictness; rigor.
3. Distress; difficulty; pressure frrjn necessity of any
kind, particularly, from poverty. 4. Want ; scarcity ; or
rather narrowness.
STRaIT'-WAIST-€oAT, or STRaIT'-JA€K-ET, 71. An
apparatus to confine the limbs of a distracted person,
f STRAKE, pret. of strike. See Strike.
STRAKE, w. [Sp. traca.] 1. A streak ; [not iised, unless
iri reference to the range of planks in a ship^s side ; see
Streak.] 2. A narrow hoard ; [obs.] 3. The iron band
of a wheel ; '[in the United States, this is called a band,
or the tire of a wheel.]
STRAM, V. i. [Ban. strammer.] To spread out the limbs;
to sprawl. [Local and vulgar.]
STRAM'ASH, v. t. [It. stramazzare.] To strike, beat or
bang ; to break ; to destroy. [Local and vulgar.] Grose.
STRA-MIN'E-OUS, a. [L. stramineus.] 1. Strawy ; con-
sisting of straw. 2. Chaffy; like straw ; light.
STRAND, n. [Sax., G., D., Dan., Sw. sfra?/*/.] ]. The
shore or beach of the sea or ocean, or of a large lake, and
perhaps, of a navigable river. 2. [Russ. struna.] One of
the twists or parts of which a rope is composed.
STRAND, v.t 1. To drive or run aground on the sea-
shore, as a ship. 2. To break one of the strands of a
rope.
STRAND, V. i. To drift or be driven on shore ; to run
aground.
STRAND'ED, pp 1. Run ashore. 2. Having a. strand
broken.
STR AND'ING , ppr. Running ashore ; breaking a strand.
STRANG, a. Strong. Used in the J^orth of England.
STRaNGE, a. [Fr. etrange ; It. strano ; Sp. extrano.] I.
Foreign ; belonging to another country ; [l. u.] 2. Not
domestic; belonging to others; [nearly obs,] 3. New;
not before known, heard or seen. 4. Wonderful ; caus-
ing surprise ; exciting curiosity. 5. Odd ; unusual ; irreg-
ular; not according to the common way. 6, Ren'ote;
[I. u.] 7. Uncommon ; unusual. 8. Unacquainted. 9.
Strange is sometimes uttered by way of exclamation.
t STRaNGE, v. t. To alienate ; to estrange.
t STRaNGE, v. i. 1. To wonder ; to be astonished. 2. To
be estranged or alienated.
STRaNGE'LY, adv. 1. With some relation to foreigners ;
[obs.] 2. Wonderfully ; in a manner or degree to excite
surprise or wonder.
STRaNGE'NESS, n. 1. Foreignness ; the state of belong-
ing to another country. 2. Distance in behavior ; re-
serve ; coldness ; forbidding manner. 3. Remoteness
from common manners or notions ; uncouthness. 4.
Alienation of mind ; estrangement; mutual dislike ; [obs.,
or I. u.] 5. Wonderfulness ; the power of exciting sur-
prise and wonder ; uncommonness that raises wonder by
novelty.
STRaN'GER, n. [Fr. etranger.] 1. A foreigner ; one who
belongs to another country. 2. One of another town, city,
state or province in the same country. 3. One unknown.
4. One unacquainted. 5. A guest; a visitor. 6. One
not admitted to any communication or fellowship. — 7. In
law, one not privy or party to an act.
t STRaN'GER, v. t. To estrange ; to alienate. Shak.
STRAN'GLE, v. t. [Fr. ctrangler ; It. strangolare ; L.
strangulo.] 1. To choke ; to suffocate ; to destroy life
by stopping respiration. 2. To suppress ; to hinder from
birth or appearance.
STRAN'GLED, pp. Choked ; suffocated ; suppressed.
STRAN'GLER, n. One who strangles.
STRAN'GLES, n. Swellings in a horse's throat.
STRAN'GLING, ppr. Choking ; suffocating.
STRAN'GLING, n. The act of destroying life by stopping
respiration.
STRAN'GU-LA-TED, a. Compressed.
STRAN-GU-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. strangulatio.] I. The
act of strangling ; the act of destroying life by stopping
respiration ; suffocation, 2. That kind of suffocation
which is common to women in hysterics ; also, the strait-
ening or compression of the intestines in hernia. Cyc.
STRAN-Gu'RI-OUS, a. Denoting the pain of strangury.
Cheyne.
STRAN'GU-RY, n. [L. stranguria; Gr. orTpayyovpia.li
Literally, a discharge of urine by drops ; a difficulty of
discharging urine, attended with pain.
STRAP, n. [D. strop ; Dan., Sw. sti-op ; Sax. stropp.] 1. A
long, narrow slip of cloth or leather, of various forms and for
various uses. — 2. In botany, the flat part of the coroUet in
ligulate florets ; also, an appendage to the leaf in some
grasaes.
STRAP, v. t. 1. To beat or chastise with a strap. 2. To
fasten or bind with a strap. 3. To rub on a strap for
sharpening, as a razor.
STRAP-Pa'DO, n. [It. strappata.] A military punishment
formerly practiced. Shak.
STRAP-Pa'DO, v. t. To torture Milton.
STRAP'PING, ppr. 1. Drawing on a strap, as a razor. 2.
Binding with a strap. 3. a. Tall ; lusty.
STRAP'-SHaPED, a. In botany, ligulate.
STRa'TA, 71. ;)Zu. [See Stratum.] Beds; layers; as, stra-
ta of sand, clay or coal.
STRAT'A-GEM, n. [L. stratagema ; Fr. stratageme ; It,
stratagemma.] 1. An artifice, particularly in war ; a
plan or scheme for deceiving an enemy. 2. Any artifice ^
a trick by which some advantage is intended to be ob-
tained.
t STRAT-A-6EM*I-eAL, a. Full of stratagems. Swift.
STRa'TEGE, I n. [Gr. aTparTtyos.] An Athenian genera.
STRAT'E-GUS, \ officer. Mitfurd.
t STRATH, n. [W. ystrad.] A vale, bottom or low ground
between hills.
STRAT-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The process by which sub-
stances in the earth have been formed into strata or lay-
ers. 2. The state of being formed into layers in the
earth. 3. The act of laying in strata.
STRAT'I-FIED, pp. Formed into a layer.
STRAT'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. stratifier, from L. stratum.] 1. To
form into a layer, as substances in the earth. 2. To lay
in strata.
STRAT'I-FY-ING, ppr. Arranging in a layer.
STRA-TOC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. arparos and Kpareo).] A mili-
tary government; government by military chiefs and an
army. Outhrie.
t STRA-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. dTparos and ypa<p(a.] De-
scription of armies, or what belongs to an army.
STRa'TUM, n. ; plu. Sthatums, or Strata. The latter is
most common. [I..] 1. In geology and mineralogy, a
layer ; any species of earth, sand, coal and the like, ar-
ranged in a flat form, distinct from the adjacent matter.
2. A bed or layer artificially made.
t STRAUGHT, pp. for stretched Chaucer
STRAW, ^w. [Sax. streow ; G. stroh ; D. stroo ; Dan. straae ;
Sw." strS.] ]. The stalk or stem of certain species of
grain, puLse, &c. chiefly of wheat, rye, oats, barley, buck-
wheat and peas. 2. A mass of the stalks of certain spe-
cies of grain when cut, and after being thrashed. 3. Any
thing proverbially worthless.
STRAW, v. t. To spread or scatter. See Strew and Strow.
STRAW'BER-RY, n. [straw and berry ; Sax. straw-berie.]
A plant and its fruit, of the genus /ra^ana.
STRAW'BER-RY-TREE, n. An evergreen tree.
STRAW'-BUTLT, a. Constructed of straw.
STRAW'-€oL-OR, n. The color of dry straw ; a beautiful
yellowish color.
STRAW'-€oL-ORED, a. Of a light yellow, the color of
dry "straw.
STRaW'-€UT-TER, n. An instrument to cut straw for
fodder.
STRAW'-DRaIN, n. A drain filled with straw.
STRAW'-STUFFED, a. Stuffed with straw. Hall.
STRAW'-WoRM, 71. [straw and toorm.] A worm bred in
straw.
STRAW'Y, a. 1. Made of straw ; consisting of straw.
Boyle. 2. Like straw ; light.
STRAY, v.. i. [Sax. strwgan, stre.gan ; G. streichen.] I. To
wander, as from a direct course ; to deviate or go out of
the way. 2. To wander from company, or from the
proper limits. 3. To rove ; to wander from the path of
duly or rectitude ; to err ; to deviate. 4. To wander ; to
rove at large ; to play free and unconfined. 5. To wan
der ; to run a serpentine course.
t STRAY, v. t. To mislead. Shak.
STRAY, n. 1. Any domestic animal that has left an inclo-
sure and wanders at large, or is lost. 2. The aci of wan-
dering ; [little used.]
STRaY'ER, 71. A wanderer. [Little used.]
STRaY'ING, ppr. V/andering ; roving; departing.
STRkAK, n, [Sax, strica, stric ; G. streich and strkh ; D.
strcek.] 1. A line or long mark of a different color from
the ground ; a stripe. — 2. In a ship, a uniform range of
planks on the side or bottom; someiimes pronounced
strake. Mar. Diet.
STReAK, v, t. 1. To form streaks or str'pes in ; to stripe ;
to variegate with lines of a different color or of different
colors. 2. To stretch ; [not elegant.] Chapman.
STREAK, v. i.' To run swiftly. [ Vulgar in JV. England.]
STRicAKED, pp. Marked or variegated with stripes of a
different color.
STReAK'ING, ppr. Making streaks in.
STReAK'Y, a. Having stripes ; striped ; variegated with
lines of a different color.
STREAM, 71. [Sax.gSt?-ea7n, ; G. strom ; D. stroom ; Dan
str'dm ; Sw. strom.] 1. A current of water or other
fluid ; a liquid substance flowing in a tine or course,
either on the earth, as a river or brook, or from a vessel
or other reservoir or fountain. 2. A river, brook or rivu-
let. 3. A current of water in the ocean. 4. A current
of melted metal or other substance. 5 Any thing issuing
from a source and moving witti a continued succession
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SIl ; TH us in t/;.ii f Obsolete
STil
798
STR
of partsL 6k A continued current or course ; [obs.] 7. A
current of aic or gas, or of light. 8. Current ; drift ; as of
opinions or manners. 9. Water.
STRkAM, v.i. J. To flow; to move or run in a contin-
uous current. 2. To emit ; to pour out in abundance. 3.
To issue with continuance, not by lits. 4. To issue or
shoot in streaks. 5. To extend; to stretch in a long
line.
STREAM, V. t. To mark with colors or embroidery in long
tracts.
STREAMER, n. An ensign or flag ; a pennon extended or
flo^ving in the wind ; a poetic use of the word.
STPcEAM'IJVG, ppr. 1. Flowing ; running in a current.
2. Emitting; pouring out in abundance. 3. Flowing;
floating loosely, as a flag.
STReAM'LET, 71. A small stream; a rivulet ; a rill.
STReAM'-TIN, n. Particles or masses of tin found be-
neath the surface of alluvial ground. Encyc.
STReAM'Y, a. 1. Abounding with running water. 2.
Flowing with a current or streak. Pope.
f STREEK, v. t. [Sax. streccan.] To lay out, as a dead
bjdv
STREET, n. [Sax. strcete, strete ; G. strasse ; D. straat ;
Sw. strut ; Dan. stride ; It. strada ; Sp. estrada.] 1.
Properly, a paved way or road ; but in usage, any way or
road in a city, chiefly a main way, in distinction from a
lane or alley. — 2. Among the people of JVew England, any
public highway.— 3. Streets, plural, any public" way, road
or place.
STREET'-WALK-ER, n. [street and walk.] A common
prostitute that offers herself to sale in the streets.
STREET'-WARD, 71. [street and ward.] Formerly, an offi-
cer who had the care of the streets. Cowel.
fSTREIGHT, n. A narrow. See Strait.
fSTREIGHT, adv. Strictly. See Strait.
t STRENE, Ji. Race ; offspring. Chaucer.
STRENGTH, 71. [Sax. strength, from streng, strong.] 1.
That property or quality of an animal body by which it is
enabled to move itself or other bodies. We say, a man
has strength to lift a weight, or to draw it. This quality
is called also power and force. But force is also used to
denote the effect of strengtli exerted, or the quantity of
motion. Strength, in this sense, is positive, or the power
of producing positive motion or action, and is opposed to
li^eakness. 2. Firmness ; solidity or toughness ; the qual-
ity of bodies by which they sustain tlie application of
force without breaking or yielding. 3. Power or vigor of
any kind. 4. Power of resisting attacks ; fastnes's. 5.
Support ; that which supports ; that which supplies
strength ; security. 6. Power of mind ; intellectual
force ; tlie power of any faculty. 7. Spirit ; animation.
8. Force of writing; vigor; nervous diction. 9. Vivid-
ness. 10. Spirit ; the quality of any liquor which has the
power of affecting the taste, or of producing sensible ef-
fects on other bodies. 11. The virtue or spirit of any
vi:;getable, or of its juices or qualities. 12. Legal or moral
force ; validity ; the quality of binding, uniting or secur-
ing. 13. Vigor ; natural force. 14. That which supports ;
confidence. 15. Amount of force, military or naval ; an
army or navy ; number of troops or ships well appointed.
16. Soundness; force; the quality that convinces, per-
suades or commands assent. 17. Vehemence ; force pro-
ceeding from motion and proportioned to it. 18. Degree
of brightness or vividness. 19. Fortification ; fortress ;
[obs.] 20. Support; maintenance of power ; [obs.]
t STRENGTH, v. t. To strengthen.
STRENGTH'EN, (strength'n) v. t. 1. To make strong or
stronger ; to add strength to, either physical, legal or
moral. 2. To confirm ; to establish. 3. To animate ; to
encourage ; to fix in resolution. 4. To cause to increase
in power or security.
STRENGTH'EN, v. i. To grow strong or stronger.
STRENGTH'ENED, pp. Made strong or stronger.
STRENG TH'EN-ER, 71. 1. That wliich increases strength.
— 2. In medicine, something which, taken into the system,
increases the action and energy of the vital powers.
STRENGTH'EN-ING, ppr. Increasing strength, physical
or moral ; confirming ; animating.
STRENGTH'LESS, a. 1. Wanting strength ; destitute of
power. 2. Wanting spirit ; [I. u.] Boyle.
STREN'U-OUS, a. [1.. strenuus ; It. strenuo.l 1. Eagerly
pressing or crgent ; zealous ; ardent. 2. Bold and ac-
tive ; valiant, intrepid and ardent.
STREN'U OUS-LY, adv. 1. With eager and pressing zeal ;
ardently 2. Boldly ; vigorously ; actively.
STREN'U-OUS-NESS, n. Eagerness; earnestness; active
zeal ; ardor in pursuit of an object.
STREP'ENT, a [L. strepens.] Noisy ; loud. [Little used.]
Shenstone.
STREP'ER-OUS, a. [L. strep 0.] Loud; boisterous. [L.u.]
STRESS, 71. [W.trais, treissaw ; Ir. treise.] 1. Force; ur-
gency ; pressure ; importance ; that which bears with
most" weight. 2. Force or violence. 3. Force ; violence ;
strain.
STRESS, V. t. To press ; to urge ; to distress ; to put to
difficulties. [Little used.] Spenser.
STRETCH, V. t. [Sax. streccan ; D. st-^kkcn ; G. strecken ;
Dan. strekker.] 1. To draw out to greater length ; to ex-
tend in a line. 2. To extend in breadth. 3. To spread ;
to expand. 4. To reach; to extend. 5. To spread ; to
display. 6. To draw or pull out in leng'Ji ; to strain. 7.
To make tense ; to strain. 8. To extend mentally. 9.
To exaggerate ; to extend too far.
STRETCH, V. i. 1. To be extended ; to be drawn out in
length or in breadth, or both. 2. To be extended; to
spread. 3. To stretch to, is to reach. 4. To be extended
or to bear extension without breaking, as elastic sub-
stances. 5. To sally beyond the tmth ; to exaggerate. —
6. In navigation, to sail ; to direct a course. 7. To make
violent efforts in running.
STRETCH, ?i. 1. Extension in length or in breadth ; reach.
2. Effort; stiaiggle ; strain. 3. Force of body; straining.
4. Utmost extent of meaning. 5. Utmost reach of power
— 6. In sailing, a tack ; the reach or extent of progress on
one tack. 7. Course ; direction.
STRETCHED, pp. Drawn out in length ; extended ; exert-
ed to the utmost.
STRETCHER, n. 1. He or that which stretches. 2. A
term in bricklaying. 3. A piece of timber in building.
4. A narrow piece of plank placed across a boat for the
rowers to set their feet asainst.
STRETCH'ING, ppr. Drawing out in length ; extending ;
spreading ; exerting force.
* STREW, V. t. [Goth, strawan ; Sax. streawian, streow-
ian ; G. streuen ; D. strooijen : Dan. strber ; Sw. strb.] 1.
To scatter ; to spread by scattering ; alwaT/s applied to
dry s^ibstances separable into parts or pa7-ticles. 2. To
spread by being scattered over. 3. To scatter loosely.
* STREWED, pp. 1. Scattered ; spread by scattering. 2.
Covered or sprinkled witli something scattered.
* STREW' iNG, ppr. Scattering ; spreading over.
* STREW'ING, n. 1. The act of scattering or spreading
ove . 2. Any thing fit to be strewed. Shak.
* t Si'REW'MENT, n. Any thing scattered in decoration.
STRl'JE, n. pill. [L.] In natural history, small channels ir,
the shells of cockles and in other substances.
STRi'ATE, ( a. 1. Formed with small channels ; chan-
STRl'A-TED, S neled.— 2. In botany, streaked ; marked
or scored with superficial or very slender lines ; marked
with fine parallel lines.
STRl'A-TURE, n. Disposition of striae. Woodward.
t STRICK, 71. [Gr. arpi^ : L. strix.] A bird of ill omen.
STRICK'EN, pp. of strike. 1. Struck ; smitten. Spenser
2. Advanced ; worn ; far gone ; [obs.]
STRICKLE, 71. 1. A strike ; an instrument to strike grain
to a level with the measure. [In the United States, the
word strike is used.] 2. An instrument for whetting
sythes.
STRICT, a. [L. strictus.] 1. Strained : drawn close ,
tight ; as, a strict embrace. 2. Tense ; not relaxed. 3.
Exact ; accurate ; rigorously nice. 4. Severe ; rigorous ;
governed or governing by exact rules ; observing exact
rules. 5. Rigorous ; not mild or indulgent. 6. Confined ;
limited ; not with latitude.
STRICT'LY, adv. 1. Closely; tightly. 2. Exactly; with
nice accuracy. 3. Positively. 4. Rigorously ; severely ;
without remission or indulgence.
STRICTNESS, 7!. 1. Closeness; tightness; opposed to
laxity. 2. Exactness in the observance of rules, laws,
rites and the like ; rigorous accuracy ; nice regularity or
precision. 3. Rigor ; severity.
I STRICT'URE, n. [L. strictura.] 1. A stroke ; a glance ;
a touch. 2. A touch of criticism ; critical remark ; cen-
sure. 3. A drawing ; a spasmodic or other morbid con-
traction of any passage of the body.
STRIDE, n. [Sax., strcede.) A long step. Swift.
STRIDE, V. i. ; pret. strid, strode ; pp. strid, stridden. 1.
To walk with long steps. 2. To straddle.
STRIDE, 7;. t. To pass over at a step. Arbuthnot.
STRlD'ING, ppr Walking with long steps ; passing over
at a step.
STRi'DOR, n. [L.] A harsh, creaking noise, or a crack.
STRID'U-LOUS, a. \1,. stridulus.] Making a small, harsli
sound, or a creaking. Brown.
STRIFE, n. [Norm, esir if.] 1. Exertion or contention for
superiority; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or
physical efforts. 2. Contention in anger or enmity ; con-
test ; struggle for victory ; quarrel or war. 3. Opposition ;
contrariety ; contrast. 4. The agitation produced by dif-
ferent qualities ; [little used.]
STRlFE'FUL, a. Contentious; discordant. Spenser.
t STRIG'MENT, n. [L. strigmentum.] Scraping ; that
which is scraped off. Brown.
STRI'GOUS, a. ['L.strigosus.] In botany, a strigous leaf is
one set with stiff, lanceolate bristles.
STRIKE, V. t. : pret. struci : pp. struck and stricken; but
struck is in the most common use. Strook is wholly obso-
lete, [Sax. astrican ; D. stryken ; G. streichen] 1. To
See Synopsis A . E, T, O, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARlNE, BtRD j— t Obsolete.
STR
799
STR
touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or an
instrument ; to give a blow to. 2. To dash ; to throw
with a quick motion. 3. To stamp ; to impress ; to coin.
4. To thrust in ; to cause to enter or penetrate. 5. To
punish ; to afflict. 6. To cause to sound ; to notify by
saund. — 7. In seamanship, to lower ; to let down ; as, to
strike sail. 8. To impress strongly ; to affect sensibly
with strong emotion. 9. To make and ratify. 10. To
produce by a sudden action. 11. To affect in some par-
ticular manner by a sudden impression or impulse. 12.
To level a measure of grain, salt or the like, by scraping
off with a straight instrument what is above the level of
the top. 13. To lade into a cooler. 14. To be advanced
or worn with age ; zised in the participle, 15. To run on ;
to ground, as a ship. — To strike up. 1. To cause to sound ;
to begin to beat. 2. To begin to sing or play. — To strike
off. 1. To erase from an account ; to deduct. 2. To im-
press ; to print. 3. To sep&rate by a blow or any sudden
action. — To strike out. 1. To produce by collision j to
force out. 2. To blot out ; to efface ; to erase. 3. To
form something new by a quick effort ; to devise ; to in-
vent ; to contrive.
STRIELE, V. i. 1. To make a quick blow or thrust. 2. To
hit ; to collide ; to dash against ; to clash. 3. To sound
by percussion ; to be struck. 4. To make an attack. 5.
To hit ; to touch ; to act on by appulse. 6. To sound
with blows. 7. To run upon ; to be stranded. 8. To
pass with a quick or strong effect ; to dart ; to penetrate.
9. To lower a flag or colors in token of respect, or to sig-
nify a surrender of the ship to an enemy. 10. To break
forth ; [obs.]—To strike in, to enter suddenly 5 also, to
recede from the surface, as an eruption ; to disappear. —
To strike in with, to conform to ; to suit itself to ; to join
with at once. — To strike out, to wander ; to make a sud-
den excursion. — To strike, among icorkmen in manufacto-
ries, in England, is to quit work in a body or by com-
bination, in order to compel their employers to raise their
wages.
STRIKE, n. 1. An instrument with a straight edge for
leveling a measure of grain, salt and the like, for scraping
off what is above the level of the top. America. 2. A
bushel ; four pecks ; [local.'] Tusser. 3. A measure of
four bushels or half a quarter ; [local.] — Strike of fiax, a
handful that may be hackled at once ; [local.]
STRlKE'-BLO€K, n. [strike and block.) A plane shorter
than a jointer, used for shooting a short joint. Moxen.
STRlK'ER, n. 1. One that strikes, or that which strikes.
— 9. In Scripture, a quarrelsome man. Tit. i.
S'J'RiK'ING, ppr. 1. Hitting with a blow ; impressing; im-
printing ; punishing ; lowering, as sails or a mast, &.c.
2. a. Affecting with strong emotions ; surprising ; forci-
ble ; impressive. 3. Strong ; exact ; adapted to make
impression.
STRiK'ING-LY, adv. In such a manner as to affect or sur-
prise ; forcibly ; strongly ; impressively.
STRlK'ING-NESS, n. The quality of affecting or sur-
prising.
STRING, n. [Sax. string; T>., Dan. streng ; G. Strang.]
1. A small rope, line or cord, or a slender strip of leather
or other like substance, used for fastening or tying things.
2, A ribbon. 3. A thread on which any thing is filed ;
and hence, a line of things. 4. The chord of a musical
instrument, as of a harpsichord, harp or violin. 5. A
fibre, as of a plant. 6. A nerve or tendon of an animal
body. 7. The line or cord of a bow. 8. A series of things
connected or following in succession ; any concatenation
of things. — 9. In ship-buildina-, the highest range of planks
in a ship's ceiling, or that between the gunwale and the
upper edge of the upper deck ports. Mar. Diet. 10. The
tougli substance that unites the two parts of the pericarp
of leguminous plants, — To have two strings to the bow, to
have two expedients ; to have a double advantage, or to
have two views.
STRING, V. t. : pret. and pp. strung. 1. To furnish with
strings. 2. To put in tune a stringed instrument. 3. To
file ; to put on a line. 4. To make tense ; to strengthen.
5. To deprive of strings.
STRINGED, a. 1. Having strings. 2. Produced by
strings.
fSTRIN'GENT, fox astringent, bmiing. Thomson.
STRING'HALT, n. [string and halt.] A sudden twitching
of the hinder leg of a horse, or an involuntary or convul-
sive motion of the muscles that extend or bend the hough.
STRING'ING, ppr. Furnishing with strings ; putting in
tune; filing; making tense ; depriving of strings.
STRING'LESS, a. Having no strings. Shak.
STRING'Y, a. 1. Consisting of strings or small threads;
fibrous ; filamentous. 2. Ropy ; viscid ; gluey ; that may
be drawn into a thread.
STRIP, V. t. [G. streifen ; D. streepen ; Dan. striber and
stripper ; Sax. bestrypan.] 1. To pull or tear off, as a cov-
ering. 2. To deprive of a covering ; to skin; to peel. 3.
To deprive ; to bereave ; to make destitute. 4. To di-
vest. 5. To rob ; to plunder. 6. To bereave ; to de-
prive ; to impoverish. 7. To deprive ; to make bare by
cutting, grazing or other means. 8, To pull off husks ; to
husk. America. 9. To press out the last milk at a milk-
ing. 10. To unrig. 11. To pare off the surface of land
in strips, and turn over the strips upon the adjoining sur-
face.
STRIP, n. [G. streif; B.streep ; Dan. stribe.] 1. A narrow
piece, comparatively long. 2. [Norm, estnppe.] Waste,
in a legal sense ; destruction of fences, buildings, timber,
&c. Massachusetts.
STRIPE, n. 1. A line or long narrow division of any thing,
of a different color from the ground. 2. A strip or long
narrow piece attached to something of a different color.
3. The weal or long narrow mark discolored by a lash or
rod. 4. A stroke made with a lash, whip, rod, strap or
scourge. 5. Affliction ; punishment ; sufferings.
STRIPE, V. t. 1. To make stripes ; to form with lines of
different colors; to variegate with stripes. 2. To strike j
to lash ; [little used.]
STRIPED, pp. 1. Formed with lines of different colors.
2. a. Having stripes of different colors.
STRIP'ING, ppr. Forming with stripes.
STRIP'LING, 71.. [from strip, stripe.] A youth in tlie state
of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood ;
a lad,
STRIPPED, pp. Pulled or torn off; peeled; skinned; de-
prived ; divested ; made naked ; impoverished ; husked.
STRIP'PER, n. One that strips.
STRIPPING, ;?pr. Pulling ofl'; peeling; skinning j flay-
ing ; depriving ; divesting ; husking.
STRIP'PINGS, n. The last milk drawn from a cow at a
milking. Grose. JVew Eiigland.
STRIVE, V. i. ; pret. strove ; pp. striven. [G. streben ; P.
streeven ; Sw. strafca : Ban. strceber.] 1. To make ef-
forts ; to use exertions ; to endeavor with earnestness ; to
labor hard. 2. To contend ; to contest ; to struggle in
opposition to another ; to be in contention or dispute. 3.
To oppose by contrariety of qualities. 4. To vie ; to be
comparable to ; to emulate ; to contend in excellence.
STRIV'ER, n. One that strives or contends; one who
makes efforts of body or mind.
STRIVING, ppr. ]\Iaking efforts ; exerting the powers of
body or mind with earnestness ; contending.
STRIVING, 71. The act of making efforts; contest; con-
tention.
STRiVING-LY, adv. With earnest efforts ; with struggles.
STROB'IL, 71. [L. strobilus.] In botany, a pericarp formed
from an ament by the hardening of the scales.
STROB'1-LI-FORM, a. [L. strobilus and form.] Shaped
like a strobil, as a spike.
STRo'€AL, ) n. An instrument used by glass-makers to
STRo'KAL, ^ empty the metal from one pot to another.
t STROKE, or t STROOK, for struck.
STROKE, n. [from strike.] 1. A blow ; the striking of one
body against' another. 2. A hostile blow or attack. 3. A
sudden attack of disease or affliction ; calamity. 4. Fatal
attack. 5. The sound of the clock. 6. The touch of a
pencil. 7. A touch ; a masterly effort. 8. An effort sud-
denly or unexpectedly produced. 9. Power; efficacy.
10. Series of operations ; as, to carry on a great stroke in
business; [a common use of the word.] 11. A dash in
writing or printing ; a line ; a touch of the pen. — 12. In
seamen^s language, the sweep of an oar.
STROKE, V. t. [Sax. stracan ; Sw. stryka.] 1. To rub
gently with the hand by way of expressing kindness or
tenderness ; to soothe. 2. To rub gently in one direction.
3. To make smooth.
STROKED, pp. Rubbed gently with the hand.
STRoK'BR, n. One who strokes ; one who pretends to cure
byjtroking.
STRoKES'MAN, n. In rowing, the man who rows the aft-
most oar, and whose stroke is to be followed by the rest.
STRoK'ING, ppr. Rubbing gently with the hand.
STRoLL, V. i. [formed, probably, on troll, roll.] To rove ; to
wander on foot ; to ramble idly or leisurely.
STRoLL, 71. A wandering on foot ; a walking idly and
leisjirely
STRoLL'ER, n. One who strolls ; a vagabond ; a vagrant.
Swift.
STROLLING, ^pr. Roving idly ; rambling on foot.
STROM'BITE, 71. A petrified shell.
STROND, 7(. The beach. [Little used.] SeeSxRA.vo.
STRONG, a. [Sax. strong, Strang, or streng ; from the lat-
ter is formed strength ; G. strenge : D., Dan. streng ; Sw.
Strang.] 1. Having physical, active power, or great phys-
ical power ; having the power of exerting gi^eat bodily
force ; vigorous. 2. Having physical, passive power ;
having ability to bear or endure ; firm ; solid. 3. Well
fortified ; able to sustain attacks ; not easily subdued or
taken. 4. Having great military or naval force ; power-
ful. .5. Having great wealth, means or resources. 6.
Moving with rapidity ; violent ; forcible ; impetuous.
7. Hale ; sound ; robust. 8. Powerful ; forcible ; cogent ,
adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the
■■ See Synopsis MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G js J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, r Obsolete,
STR
800
STU
mind or imagination. 9. Ardent j eager ; zealous ; earn-
estly engaged. 10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or
having a particular quality in a great degree. 11. Full of
spirit ; intoxicating. 12. Affecting the sight forcibly. 13.
Affecting the taste forcibly. 14- Affecting the smell pow-
erfully. 15. Not of easy digestion ; solid. 16. Well es-
tablished ; firm; not easily overthrown or altered. 17.
Violent ; vehement ; earnest. 18. Able ; furnished with
abilities. 19. Having great force of mind, of intellect or
of any faculty. 20. Having great force ; comprising much
in few words. 21. Bright ; glaring ; vivid. 22. Power-
ful to the extent of force named.
STRON'GER, a. comp. of strons. Having more strength.
STRON'GEST, a. superl. of str oner. Having most strength.
STRONG'-FIST-ED, a. [strong and fist.] Having a strong
hand ; muscular. Arhuthnot. ^
STRONG'-HAND, n. Istrong and hand.] Violence ; force ;
power. Raleigh.
STRONG'-HoLD, n. [strong and hold.] A fastness ; a fort ;
a fortified place; a place of security.
STRONG'LY, adv. 1. With strength ; with great force or
power ; forcibly. 2. Firmly ; in a manner to resist at-
tack. 3. Vehemently ; forcibly ; eagerly.
STRONG'-SET, a. Firmly set or compacted.
t STRONG -WA-TER, n. Distilled or ardent spirit.
STRON'TIAN,"?i. [from Strontian, in'Argyleshire.J An
earth which, when pure and dry, is perfectly white, and
resembles barytes.
STRONTIAN, or STRON-TIT'I€, a. Pertaining to stron
tian.
STRON'TIAN-ITE, n. Carbonate of strontian, a mineral.
STRON'TIUM, ?i. The base of strontian. Davy
^STROOK, for struck.
STROP, n. 1. A strap. This orthography is particularly
used for a strip of leather used for sharpening razors and
giving them a fine, smooth edge; a razor-sirop. 2. [Sp.
estrovo.] A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath,
and put round a block for hanging it.
STRO'PHE, ) n. [Fr. strophe ; It. strofa, strofe.] In Greek
STRo'PHY, ) poetry, a stanza ; the first member of a
poem.
tSTROUT,!;. t. [for strut.] To swell ; to puff out. Bacon.
STROVE, pret. of strive.
STRoW is only a different orthography of strew. See
Strew.
+ STROWL, for stroll. See Stroll.
T STROY, for destroy. See Destroy.
STRUCK^ pret. and pp. of strike. See Strike.
t STRUGK'EN, the old pp. of strike.
STRU€T'URE, n. [Fr. ; L. structura.] 1. Act of building ;
practiceof erecting buildings ; [rarely used.] 2. Manner
of building ; form ; make ; construction. 3. Manner of
organization of animals and vegetables, &c. 4. A build-
ing of any kind, but chiefly a building of some size or of
magnificence ; an edifice. — 5. In mineralogy, the particu-
lar arrangement of the integrant particles or molecules of
a mineral.
STRUDE, or STRODE, n. A stock of breeding mares.
Bailey.
STRUG'GLE, v. i. [This word may be formed on the root
of stretch, right, &c. In W. ystreiglaw is to turn.] 1.
Properly, to strive, or to make efforts with a twisting or
with contortions of the body. 2. To use great efforts ; to
labor hard ; to strive ; to contend. 3. To labor in pain or
anguish ; to be in agony ; to labor in any kind of difficulty
or distress.
STRUG'GLE, n. 1. Great labor ; forcible effort to obtain an
object, or to avoid an evil ; properly, a violent effort with
contortions of the body. 2. Contest ; contention ; strife.
3. Agony; contortions of extreme distress.
STRUG'GLER, n. One who struggles, strives or contends.
STRUG'GLING, ppr. Making great efforts ; using violent
exertions ; affected with contortions.
STRUG'GLING, n. The act of striving ; vehement or earn-
est_effort.
STRU'MA, n. [L.] A glandular swelling ; scrofula ; the
king's evil ; a wen. Wiseman. Coxe.
STRu'MOUS, a. Having swellings in the glands ; scrofu-
lous. Wiseman.
STRUMTET, n. [Ir. stribrid, striopach.] A prostitute.
STRUM'PET, a. Like a strumpet ; false ; inconstant.
STRUMTET, v. t. To debauch. Shak.
STRUNG, pret. of string.
STRUT, V. i. [G. strotien ; Dan. strutter.] 1. To walk
with a lofty, proud gait and erect head ; to walk with af-
fected dignity. 2. To swell ; to protuberate ; [obs.]
t STRUT, V. t. To swell out ; to make tumid.
STRUT, n. A lofty, proud step or walk, with the head
erect ; affectation of dignity in walking.
BTRU'THI-OUS, a. [L. struthio.] Pertaining to or like the
ostrich.
STRUT'TER, n. One who struts. Swift.
STRUT'TING, ppr. Walking with a lofty gait.
dTRUT'TING, n. The act of walking with a proud gait.
STRUT'TING-LY, adv. With a proud, lofty step.
STRYCII'NI-A, 71. An alkaline substance.
STUB, n. [Sax. steb ; Dan. stub ; Sw. stubbe.] 1. The
stump of a tree ; that part of the stem of a tree which re-
mains fixed in the earth when the tree is cut down. 2
A log ; a block ; [obs.]
STUB, V. t. 1. To grub up by the roots ; to extirpate. 2
To strike the toes against a stump, stone or other fixed
object. J^Tew England.
STUB'BED, a. [Sw. stubbig.] 1. Short and thick, like
something truncated ; blunt ; obtuse. 2. Hardy ; not
nice or delicate. Berkeley.
STUB'BED-NESS, 71. Bluntness; obtuseness.
STUB'BLE, n. [D., G. stoppel ; Sw. stubb ; 1.. stipula.]
The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats or buckwheat, left
in the ground ; the part of the stalk left by the sythe or
STUB'BLE-GOOSE, n. A goose fed among stubble.
STUB'BLE-RaKE, n. A rake with long teeth for raking
together stubble.
STUB'BORN, a. [from stub.] 1. Unreasonably obstinate ;
inflexibly fixed in opinion ; not to be moved or persuaded
by reasons ; inflexible. 2. Persevering ; persisting ;
steady; constant. 3. Stiff; not flexible. 4. Hardy;
firm ; enduring without complaint. 5. Harsh ; rough ;
rugged ; [I. u.] 6. Refractory ; not easily melted or
worked. 7. Refractory ; obstinately resisting command,
the goad or the whip.
STUB'BORNLY, adv. Obstinately; inflexibly.
STUB B0RN-J\ ESS, n. 1. Perverse and unreasonable ob-
stinacy ; inflexibility ; contumacy. 2. Stiffness ; want
of pliancy. 3. Refractoriness, as of ores.
STUB'BY, a. [from stub.] 1. Abounding with stubs. 2.
Short and thick ; short and strong. Qrew.
STUB'-NaIL, n. A nail broken off; a short, thick nail.
STUCCO, n. [It. ; Fr. stuc ; Sp. estuco.] 1. A fine plaster
composed of lime, sand, whiting and pounded marble ;
used for covering walls, &c. 2. Work made of stucco.
STUCCO, V. t. To plaster ; to overlay with fine plaster.
STUCCOED, pp. Overlaid with stucco.
STUCCO-ING, ppr. Plastering with stucco.
STUCK, pret. and pp. of stick. Pope.
t STUCK, 71. A thrust. Shak.
STUCKLE, 11 [from stook.] A number of sheaves set to-
gether in the field. [Scottish.] ^
STUD, 71, [Sax. stod, studu ; Ice. stod ; D. stut ,• Sw. stod.]
1. In building, a small piece of timber or joist inserted in
the sills and beams, between the posts, to support the
beams or other main timbers. 2. A nail with a large
head, inserted in work chiefly for ornament ; an orna-
mental knob. 3. A collection of breeding horses and
mares ; or the place where they are kept. 4. A button
for a shirt sleeve.
STUD, V. t. 1. To adorn with shining studs or knobs. 2.
To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects.
STUD'DED, pp. 1. Adorned with studs. 2. Set with de-
tached ornaments.
STUD'DING, ppr. Setting or adorning with studs.
STUD'DING-SAIL, 7?.. In navigation, a sail that is set be-
yond the skirts of the principal sails. Mar. Diet.
STu'DENT, 71. [L. studens, studeo.] 1. A person engaged
in study ; one who is devoted to learning, either in a
seminary or in private ; a scholar. 2. A man devoted to
books ; a bookish mail. 3. One who studies or examines.
STUD'-HORSE, ii. [Sax. stod -hors j Low L. stotarius.] A
breeding horse ; a horse kept for propagating his kind.
STUD'IED, pp. [from study.] 1. Read ; closely examined ;
read with diligence and attention ; well considered. 2.
a. Learned ; well versed in any branch of learning; qual-
fied by study. 3. Premeditated. 4. Having a particular
inclination ; [obs.]
t STUD'IED-LY,
Mede.
adv. With care and attention. Life of
STUp'I-ER, n. [from study.] One who studies ; a student.
*STu'DI-OUS, a. [Fr. studieux ; Tu. studiosus.] 1. Given
to books or to learning ; devoted to the acquisition of
knowledge from books. 2. Contemplative ; given to
thought, or to the examination of subjects by contempla-
tion. 3. Diligent ; eager to discover something, or to ef-
fect some object. 4. Attentive to ; careful ; with of. 5.
Planned with study ; deliberate. 6. Favorable to study ;
suitable for thought and contemplation.
* STu'DI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With study ; with close atten-
tion to books. 2. With diligent contemplation. 3. Dili-
gently ; with zeal and earnestness. 4. Carefully ; atten-
tively.
* STO DI-OUS-NESS, n. The habit or practice of study ;
addictedness to books.
STUD'Y, 71. [Fr. etude ; L. studium.] 1. Literally, a setting
of the mind or thoughts upon a subject ; hence, application
of mind to books, to arts or science, or to any subject, for
the purpose of learning what is not before known. 2
Attention ; meditation ; contrivance. 3. Any particulaj
branch of learning that is studied. 4. Subject of atten.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T O, tj, Y, long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT —PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
STU
801
STY
tlon. 5- A building or an apartment devoted to study or
to literary employment. C. Deep cogitation ; perplexity ;
[little used.] 7. A sketch by an artist.
STUD'Y, I', i. [L. stiideo.] 1. To tix the mind closely upon
a subject ; to muse ; to dwell upon in thought, 2. To
apply the mind to books. 3. To endeavor diligently.
STUD'Y, V. t. 1. To apply the mind to ; to read and exam-
ine for the purpose of learning and understanding. 2. To
consider attentively ; to examine closely. 3. To form or
arrange by previous thought 3 to con overj or to commit
to memory.
STUFF, n. [D. stof,stofe ,■ G. stoff; Dan. sfdv ; Svv. stoft.]
1 A mass of matter, indefinitely 5 or a collection of sub-
stances. 2. The matter of which any thing is formed ;
materials. 3. Furniture ; goods ; domestic vessels in
general ; [nearhj obs.] 4. That which fills any thing. 5.
Essence ; elemental part. 6. A medicine ; [vulgar.]
Shak. 7. Cloth ; fabrics of the loom ; as, woolen stuffs.
8. Matter or thing ; particularly, that which is trifling or
vyorthless. — 9. Among seamen, a melted mass of turpen-
tine, tallow, &LC. with which the masts, sides and bottom
of a ship are smeared.
STUFF, V. t. 1. To fill. 2. To fill very full ; to crowd. 3.
To thrust in ; to crowd ; to press. 4. To fill by being put
Into any thing. 5. To swell or cause to bulge out by put-
ting something in. 6. To fill with something improper.
7. To obstruct, as any of the organs. 8. To fill meat
with seasoning. 9. To fill the skin of a dead animal for
presenting and preserving his form. 10. To form by
filling.
►STUFF, V. i. To feed gluttonously. Swift.
STUFFED, pj?. Filled; crowded; crammed.
STUFFING, ppr. Filling ; crowding.
STUFF'ING, 71. 1. That which is used for filling anything.
2. Seasoning for meat ; that which is put into meat to
give it a hiaher relish.
t STUKE, for stiicco.
STULM, 71. A shaft to draw water out of a mine. Bailey.
STULP, n. A post. [Local]
STUL'TI-Fy, v. t. [L. stultus and facio.l 1. To make
foolish ; to make one a fool.— 2. In laic, to alledge or
prove to be insane, for avoiding some act.
STUL-TIL 0-aUENCE, n. [L. stultus and loquentia.] Fool-
ish talk ; a babbling. Diet.
STUL-TIL'0-aUY, 71. [L. stultiloquium.] Foolish talk ;
silly discourse ; babbling. Taylor. "
STUM, )i. [D. stom, stum ; G. stumm ; Dan., Sw. stum.] 1.
Must ; wine unfermented. 2. New wine used to raise
fermentation in dead or vapid wines. 3. Wine revived
by a new fermentation.
STUM, V. t. 1. To renew wine by mixing must with It,
and raising a new fermentation. 2. To fume a cask of
liquor with burning brimstone ; [local.]
STUM'BLE, V. i. [Ice. stumra.] 1. To trip in walking or
moving in any way upon the legs ; to strike the foot so as
to fall, or to endanger a fall. 2. To err ; to slide into a
crime or an error. 3. To strike upon without design ; to
fall on ; to light on by chance.
STUM'BLE, v.t. 1. To obstruct in progress ; to cause to
trip or stop. 2. To confound ; to puzzle ; to put to a non-
plus ; to perplex.
STUM'BLE, n. 1. A trip in walking or running. 2. A
blunder ; a failure.
STUMBLED, pp. Obstructed ; puzzled.
STUM'BLER, n. One that stumbles or makes a blunder.
STUM'BLING, ppr. Tripping ; erring ; puzzling.
STUM'BLING-BLO€K, ^ 7i. Any cause of stumbling ; that
STUM'BLING-STONE, ( which causes to err.
STUM'BLING-LY, adv. With failure ; with blunder. Sid7iey.
STUMP, 71. [Sw., Dan. stump ; Dan. stumper ,• D. stomp ;
G. stumpf.] 1. The stub of a tree ; the part of a tree re-
maining in the earth after the tree is cut down, or the
part of any plant left In the earth by the sythe or sickle.
2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part
is amputated or destroyed. Sicift.
STUMP, V. t. 1. To strike any thing fixed and hard with
the toe ; [mdgar.] 2. To challenge ; [vulgar.]
STUMP'Y, a. i. Full of stumps. 2. Hard ; strong; [I. u.]
3. Short ; stubby ; [little used.]
STUN, v.t. [Sax. stunian; Fr. etonner.] 1. To make
senseless or dizzy with a blow on the head. 2. To over-
power the sense of hearing ; to blunt or stupify the organs
of hearing. 3. To confound or make dizzy by loud and
mingled sound.
STUNG, ^7-et. and pp. of stijig.
STUNK, pret. of sti7ik.
STUNNED, pp. Having the sense of hearing overpowered ;
confounded with noise.
STUN'NING, ppr. Overpowering the organs of hearing ;
confounding with noise.
STUNT, V. t. [Ice. stunta; Sax, stintan, stunt.] To hinder
from growth. Swift.
STUNT'ED, pp. Hindered from growth or increase.
STUNT'ED-NESS, 71. The state of being stunted
STUNT'ING, ppr. Hindering from growth or increase
STUPE, n. [L. stupa.] Cloth or flax dipped in wami medi-
caments and applied to a hurt or sore ; fomentation ;
sweating-bath.
STUPE, V. t. To foment. Wiseman.
t STUPE, 71. A stupid person.
STU-PE-FA€'TION, 71. [L,. stupefacic] 1. The act of ren-
dering stupid. 2. A stupid or senseless state ; insensibil-
ity ; dullness ; torpor ; stupidity.
STU-PE-FA€'TIVE, a. Causing insensibility ; deadening
or blunting the sense of feeling or understanding ; uar
cotic.
STU'PE-Fl-ER, n. [from stupefy.] That which causes dull-
ness or stupidity.
STu'PE-FY,7;.t. [Fi. stupefier ; L. stupefacio.] 1. To make
stupid ; to make dull ; to blunt the faculty of perception
or understanding ; to deprive of sensibility. 2, To de-
prive of material motion ; [obs.] Bacon.
STu'PE-FY-ING, ppr. Rendering extremely dull or in-
sensible.
STU-PEN'DOUS, a. [Low L. stupendus.] Literally, strik
ing dumb by its magnitude ; hence, astonishing ; wonder
ful ; amazing ; particularly, of astonishing magnitude or
elevation. Dry den,
STU-PEN'DOUS-LY, adv. In a manner to excite astonish-
ment.
STU-PEN'DOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of beiug
stupendous or astonishing.
STu'PID, a. [Fr. stupide; h. stupidus.] 1. Very dull ; in-
sensible ; senseless ; wanting in understanding ; heavy ;
sluggish. 2. Dull ; heavy ; formed without skill or genius.
STU-PID'I-TY, 71. [Fr. stupidite ; L. stupiditas.] Extreme
dullness of perception or understanding ; insensibility ,
sluggishness. Drijden.
STu'PID-LY, adv. With extreme dullness ; with suspen-
sion or inactivity of understanding ; sottishly ; absurdly ;
without the exercise of reason or judgment. Dryden.
STu'PID-NESS, n. Stupidity.
STu'POE, 71. [L.] 1. Great diminution or suspension of
sensibility ; suppression of sense ; numbness. 2. Intel-
lectual insensibility ; moral stupidity ; heedlessness or in-
attention to one's interests.
STtJ'PRATE, V. t. [L. stupro.] To ravish ; to debauch.
STU-PRa'TION, n. Rape ; violation of chastity by force
STUR'DI-LY, adv. Hardily ; stoutly ; lustily.
SXUR'DI-NESS, n. 1. Stoutness ; hardiness. Locke. 2
Brutal strength.
STUR'DY, a. [G. storrig.] 1. Hardy ; stout ; foolishly ob-
stinate ; implying coarseness or rudeness. 2. Strong ,
forcible; lusty. 3. Violent; laid on with strength. 4.
StiflT; stout; Strong.
STUR'DY, 71. A disease in sheep, marked by dullness and
stupor. Cyc.
STUR'GEON, 71. [Fr. esturgeon ; Sp. esturion ; It. storione ,
Low L. sturio.] A large fish.
STURK, 7i. [Sax. stT/rc] A young ox or heifer. [Scot.l
STUT'TER, v.i. [D. stotteren ; G. stottem ; that is, to
stop. Stut is not used.] To stammer ; to hesitate in utter
ing words. Bacon.
STUT'TER-ER, n. A stammerer.
STUT'TER-ING,ppr. Stammering; speaking with hesita
tion.
STUT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With stammering.
STY, 71. [Sax. stige.] 1. A pen or inclosure for swine. 2
A place of bestial debauchery. 3. An inflamed tumor on
tlie edge of the eyelid.
STy^tj. t. To shut up in a sty. Shak.
t STY, V. i. [Sax. stigan; Goth, steigan.] To soar; to as-
cend. See Stirrup.
STYCA, 71. A Saxon copper coin of the lowest value.
STY6'I-AN,a. ['L.St7jgius,Styx.] Pertaining to Styx, fabled
by the ancients to be a river of hell ; hence, hellish ; infer-
nal.
STYLE, 71. [L. stylus ; D., G. styl ; It. stUe ; Sp. estilo ; Ft.
style, or stile.] 1. Manner of writing with regard to lan-
guage, or the choice and arrangement of words. 2. Man-
ner of speaking appropriate to particular characters ; or, in
general, the character of the language used. 3. Mode of
painting ; any manner of painting which is characteristic
orpecuhar. 4. A particular character of music. 5. Title;
appellation. 6. Course of writing ; [obs.]— 7. St7jle of
court is, properly, the practice observed by any court in its
way of proceeding. — 8. In popular use, manner ; form. 9
A pointed instrument formerly used in writing on tables
of wax ; an instrument of surgery. 10. Something witli
a sharp point ; a graver; the pin of a dial ; written, also,
stile.— 11. In botany, the middle portion of the pistil, con-
necting the stigma with tlie germ ; sometimes called the
shaft.— IQ. In chronology, a mode of reckoning time, with
regard to the Julian and Gregorian calendar. Style is Old
or JVew.
STYLE, V. t. To call ; to name ; to denommate ; to give a
title to in addressing.
STYLED, pp. Named ; denominated ; called.
See Synopsis
MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.
' 'ol
-€ as K ; 6 as J ; i5 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, i Obsolete
SUB
802
SUB
STY'LET, «. [from style.] A small poniard or dagger.
BTY'LI-FORM, a. Like a style, pin or pen.
ST^li^ING, ppr. Calling j denominating.
STYL'ISH, a. Showy ; modish ; fashionable. [jI colloquial
word.]
ST"?'LITE, n. [Gr. (ttvXos.] In ecclesiastical history, the
Stylites were a seel of solitaries, who stood motionless on
columns or pillars.
STY-LO-Ba'TION, n. The pedestal of a column.
ST^^'LOID, a. [L. stylus, and Gr. eiSos.] Having some re-
semblance to a style or pen. Encyc.
STYP'TI€, or STYP'TI-€AL, a. [Fr. styptique ; L. stypti-
cus.] That stops bleeding : having the quality of restrain-
ing hemorrhage.
STYP'TI€, n. A medicine which has the quality of stopping
hemorrhage or discharges of blood.
STYP-TIC'I-TY, n. The quality of stanching blood.
STYTH'Y, V. t. To forge on an anvil. See Stithy.
SUAE. See Swab.
SU-A-BIL'I-TY, M. Liability to be sued ; the state of being
subject by law to civil process. [JSTot much used.]
Su'A-BLE, a. [from sue.] That may be sued ; subject by
law to be called to answer in court,
f SHADE, foi persuade.
t SUAGE, for assuage.
Su'ANT, a. [Fr. suivant.] Even ; uniform ; spread equally
over the surface. [JVew England, but local.]
SUa'SI-BLE, a. [L. suadeoT] That may be persuaded or
easily persuaded.
SUa'SION, (sua'zhun) n. The act of persuading.
SUa'SIVE, a. [L. suadeo.] Having power to persuade.
SUa'SO-E.Y, a. [L. suasorius.] Tending to persuade ; hav-
ing the quality of convincing and drawing by argument
or reason. Hopkins.
SUAV'I-TY, n. [L. suavitas ; Fr. suavite ; It. soavitd ; Sp.
suavidad.] 1. Sweetness, in a literal sense ; [obs.] Brown.
2. Sweetness, in a figurative sense : that which is to the
mind what sweetness is to tlie tongue ; agreeableness ;
softness , pleasantness.
SUB, a Latm preposition, denoting wrefZer or beloic, used in
English as a prefix, to express a subordinate degree.
Before /and p, it is changed into those letters, as in sjiffer
and suppose; and before m, into that letter, as in sum-
mon.
SUB-AC'ID, a. [sub and acid.] Moderately acid or sour.
SUB-ACID, n. A substance moderately acid.
SUB-A€'RID, a. Moderately sharp, pungent or acrid.
tSUB-A€T', V. t. [L. subactus.] To reduce ; to subdue.
SUB-A€'TION, 71. The act of reducing to any state, as of
mixing two bodies completely, or of beating them to a
powder. Bacon.
SUB-AG-I-Ta'TION, n. [L.subagitatio.] Carnal knowledge.
Su'BAH, n. In India, a province or viceroy-ship.
SU'BAH-DAR, n. In India, a viceroy, or the governor of a
province ; also, a native of India, who ranks as captain in
^he European companies.
Su'BAH-SHIP, n. The jurisdiction of a subahdar.
* SUB-AL'TERN, a. [Fr. subalterne.] Inferior; subordi-
nate ; that in different respects is botli superior and infe-
rior,
SUB-AL'TERN, n. A subordinate officer in an army.
SUB-AL-TERN'ATE, a. Successive ; succeeding by turns.
Hooker.
SUB-AL-TERN-A'TION, n. 1. State of inferiority or sub-
jection. 2. Act of succeeding by course.
SUB-A-aUAT'IC, ) u,. [L. sub and aqua.] Being under
SUB-A'aUE-OUS, \ water, Darwin.
tSUB-AR-RA'TI0N,7i. [Low Lat. sji&arrare.] The ancient
custom of betrothing. Wheatly.
SUB-AS'TRAL, a. [sub and astral.] Beneath the stars or
heavens ; terrestrial. Warburton.
SUB-AS-TRIN'GENT, a. Astringent in a small degree.
SUB-AX'IL-LAR-Y, a. [L. sub and axilla.] Placed under
the axil or angle formed by the branch of a plant with the
stem,_or by a leaf with the branch.
SUB-BeA'DLE, n. An inferior or under-beadle.
SUB-BRIG-A-DIeR', n. An officer in the horse-guards, who
ranks as cornet. Encyc.
SUB-CAR'BU-RET-ED, a. Carbureted in an inferior de-
gree ; or consisting of one prime of carbon and two of
hydrogen.
SUB-CE-LES'TIAL, a. Being beneath the heavens.
SUB-CEN'TRAL, a. Being under the centre. Say.
STIB-CHaNT'ER, n. An under chanter.
SUB-€La'VI-AN, a. [L. sub and clavis.] Situated under
the clavicle or collar-bone.
SUB-€0M-MIT'TEE, n. An under-committee,
SUB-€0N-STEL-La'T10N, n. A subordinate constellation.
SUB-€0N-TRA€T'ED, a. [sub and contracted.] Contracted
after a former contract. Shak.
SUB-CON'TRA-RY, a. Contrary in an inferior degree.
SUB-€ORD'ATE, a. [L. sub and cor, the heart.] In shape
somewhat like a heart. Martyn.
SUB-€OS'TAL, a. [L, sub and costa.] The subcostal moa
cles are the internal intercostal muscles. Cyc
SUB-€U-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Situated under the skin.
SUB-€U-TI€'U-LAR, a. [I... sub s.nA cuticula.] Being un-
der the cuticle or scarf-skin. Darwin.
SUB-DeA'€ON, n. An under-deacon.
SUB-DeA'€ON-RY, ) n. The order and office of subdea-
SUB-DEA'€ON-SHIP, \ con in the Catholic church.
SUB-DeAN', 71, [sub and dean ] An under-dean; a dean's
substitute or vicegerent. Ayliffe.
SUB-DeAN'ER-Y, n. The office and rank of subdean.
SUB-DE€'U-PLE, a. Containing one part often.
SUB-DENT'ED, a. Indented beneath. Encyc.
SUB-DE-POS'IT, 71. That which is deposited beneath some
thing else. Schoolcraft.
tSUB-DE-RI-So'RI-OUS, a. [L. sub and derisor.] Ridicul-
ing with moderation or delicacy. More.
SUB-DI-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. subdititius.] Put secretly in the
place of something else, [Little used.]
SUB-DI-VERS'I-FY, v. t. [sub and diversify.] To diversi-
fy again what is already diversified. [Little used.] Hale.
SUB-DI-VlDE', V. t. To divide a part of a thing into more
parts ; to part into smaller divisions.
SUB-DI-VlDE', V. i. To be subdivided.
SUB-DI-VlD'ED, pp. Divided again or into smaller parts.
SUB-DI-VlD'ING, ppr. Dividing into smaller parts.
SUB-DI-Vi"SION, n. I, The act of subdividing or separat-
ing a part into smaller parts, 2. The part of a thing made
by subdividing ; the part of a larger part.
SUB'DO-LOUS, a. [L. subdolus.] Sly ; crafty ; cunning ;
artful ; deceitful. [Little used.]
SUB-DOM'I-NANT, n. In music, the fourth note above the
tonic, being under the dominant,
SUB-Du'A-BLE, a. That may be subdued. Ward.
SUB-Dp'AL, n. [from subdue.] The act of subduing.
SUB-DuCE', )v.t. [1,. subduco.] I, To withdraw ; to take
SUB-DUCT', I away. 2. To subtract by arithmetical oper-
ation. Hale.
SUB-DU€'TION, 7^. 1. The act of taking away or with-
drawiiig. Hale. 2, Arithmetical subtraction. Hale.
SUB-DuE', (sub-du') v. t. 1, To conquer by force or the
exertion of superior power, and bring into permanent sub-
jection ; to reduce under dominion. Subduing implies
corigyest or vanquishing, but it implies also more perma-
nence of subjection to the conquering power than either
of these words, 2, To oppress ; to crush ; tc sink ; to
overpower so as to disable from further resistance, 3. To
tame ; to break by conquering a refractory temper or evil
passions ; to render submissive. 4. To conquer ; to reduce
to mildness. 5. To overcome by persuasion or other mild
means. 6. To overcome ; to conquer ; to captivate, as
by charms. 7. To soften ; to melt ; to reduce to tender-
ness, 8. To overcome ; to overpower and destroy the
force of, 9, To make meUow ; to break, as land.
SUB-Du'ED, (sub-dude') pp. Conquered and reduced to sub-
jection ; oppressed ; crushed ; tamed ; softened.
t SUB-DtJE'MENT, 71. Conquest. Shak.
SUB-Du'ER, 71, 1. One who conquers and brings into sub-
jection ; a tamer. 2. That which subdues or destroys
the force of.
SUB-Du'ING, ppr. Vanquishing and reducing to subjec-
tion ; crushing ; softening.
SUB'DU-PLE, a. [L. sub and duplus.] Containing one part
of two. Wilkins.
SUB-DuPLI-CATE, a. [sub and duplicate.] Having the
ratio of the square roots. Cyc.
SUB-E'CLUAL, a. Nearly equal. Martyn.
SU'BER-ATE, n. [L. suber.] A salt formed by the suberic
acid in combination with a base. Chemistry.
Su'BER-ie, a. Pertaining to cork, or extracted from it.
SUB'ER-OSE, a. [L. sub and erosus.] In botany, having the
appearance of being gnawed,
SU'BER-OUS, a. Corky ; soft and elastic.
SUB-FUSC, a. [L. subfuscus.] Duskish ; moderately dark ,
brownish ; tawny. Tatler.
SUB-GLOB' U-LAR, a. Having a form approaching to glob-
ular. Say.
SUB-HAS-Ta'TION, n. [L, sub hasta.] A public sale or
auction, so called from the Roman practice. Burnet.
SUB-HY-DRO-SULPH'U-RET, n. A compound of sulphu
reted hydrogen with a base, in a less proportion than in
hydrosulphuret.
SUB-IN-DI-Ca'TION, n. [L. sub and indico.] The act of
indicating by signs. Barrow.
fSUB-IN-DuCE', v.t. To insinuate; to offer indirectly
Sir E. Dering.
SUB-IN-FEU-Da'TION, n. [sub and infeudation.] 1, In law,
the act of enfeoffing by a tenant or feoffee, who holds lands
of the crown ; the act of a greater baron, who grants land
or a smaller manor to an inferior person. 2. Under-teti-
ancy.
t SUB-IN-GRES'SION, n. [L. sub and ingressus.] Secre
entrance,
SUB-I-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. suUtaneus.] Sudden ; hasty.
* Set Synopsis. K, E I, O, T}, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete.
SUB
803
SUB
^ SUB'I-TA-NY, a Sudden.
SUB-Ja'CENT, a. [L. subjacens.] 1. Lying under or below.
2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly be-
neath.
SUBJEGT, a. [L. suijectus.] 1. Placed or situate under.
2. Being under the power and dominion of another. 3.
Exposed ; liable from extraneous causes. 4. Liable from
inherent causes; prone j disposed. 5. Being that on
which any thing operates, whether intellectual or mate-
rial. 6. Obedient. Tit. iii.
SUB'JE€T, n. [L. subjectus ; Fr. sujet ; It. suggetto.] 1.
One that awes allegiance to a sovereign and is governed
by his laws. 2. That on which any mental operation is
performed ; that which is treated or handled. 3. That on
which any physical operation is performed. 4. That in
which any thing inheres or exists. 5. The person who is
treated of; the hero of a piece. — 6. In grammar, the nom-
inative case to a verb passive.
6UB-JE€T', V. t. 1. To bring under the power or dominion
of. 2. To put under or within the power of. 3. To en-
slave; to make obnoxious. 4. To expose; to make liable.
5 To submit; to make accountable. 6. To make sub-
servient. 7. To cause to undergo
SUB-JE€T'ED,i>i?. Reduced to the dominion of another;
enslaved ; exposed ; submitted ; made to undergo.
SUB-JE€T'ING. ppr. Reducing to submission; enslaving;
exposing ; submitting ; causing to undergo.
SUB-JE€'TION, 71. 1. The act of subduing; the act of van-
quishing and bringing under the dominion of another. 2.
The state of being under the power, control and govern-
ment of another.
SUB-J£€T'IVE, a. Relating to the subject, as opposed to
the object. Watts.
SUB-JECT'IVE-LY, adv. In relation to the subject.
SUB-JOIN', V, t. [sab and join ; L. subjungo.] To add at
the end; to add after something else has been said or
written.
SUB-JOIN'EP, (sub-joind') pp. Added after something else
said or written.
SUB-JOIN'ING, ppr. Adding after something else said or
written.
SUB'JU-GATE, V. t. [Fr. subjuguer ; L. subjugo.] To sub-
due and bring under the yoke of power or dominion ; to
conquer by force, and compel to submit to the government
or absolute control of another.
SUB JU-GA-TED, ;?jj. Reduced to the control of another.
SUB'JU-GA-TING, ppr. Conquering and bringing under the
absolute power of another.
SUB-JU-Ga'TION, 71. The act of subduing and bringing
under the power or absolute control of another.
SUB-JUN€ TION, n. ^he act of subjoining, or state of be-
ing subjoined. Clarke.
SUB-JUX€'TIVE, a. [L. subjunctivus ; Fr. subjonctif.] 1.
Subjoined or added to something before said or written. —
2. In grammar, designating a form of verbs which follow
other verbs, or words expressing condition, hypothesis or
contingency. — 3. Subjunctive is often used as a noun, de-
noting the subjunctive mode.
SUB'LA-NATE, a. In botany, somewhat woolly.
SUB-LAP-Sa RI-AN, ; a. [L. sub and lapsiis.] Done after
SUB-LAPS'A-RY, ) the apostasy of Adam.
SUB-LAP-Sa'RI-AN", n. One who maintains the sublapsa-
rian doctrine, that the sin of Adam's apostasy being impu-
ted to all his posterity, God in compassion decreed to send
his Son to rescue a great number from their lost state, and
to accept of his obedience and death on their account.
SUB-La'TION, n. [L. sublatio.'\ The act of taking or carry-
ing away. Ep. Hall.
SUB-LET', V. t. [sub and let.] To underlet ; to lease, as a
lessee to another person. [Unusual.'] Smollett.
SUB-LE-Va'TION, 71. [L. sublevo.] The act of raising on
high.
SUB-LIEtJ-TEN'ANT, [See *Lieutenant.] n. An officer
in the royal regiment of artillery and fusileers.
SUB-LI-Ga'TION, n. [L. subligo.] The act of binding un-
derneath.
SUB-LTM'A-BLE, a. [from sublime.] That may be subli-
mated ; capable of being raised by heat into vapor, and
again condensed by cold.
SUB-LIM'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being sublima-
ble.
SUB'LI-MATE, v. t. [from sublime.] 1. To bring a solid
substance, as camphor or sulphur, into the state of vapor
by heat, which, on cooling, returns again to the solid state.
2. To refine and exalt ; to heighten ; to elevate.
SUB LI-MATE, n. The product of a sublimation.
SUB LI-MATE, a. Brought into a state of vapor by heat,
and again condensed, as solid substances.
SUB LI-MA-TED, pp. Brought into a state of vapor by
heat, as a solid substance ; refined.
SUB'LI-MA-TING, ppr. Converting into the state of vapor
1)v heat, and condensing ; as solid substances.
SUR-LI-Ma'TION, n. 1. The operation of bringing a solid
substnuce into the state of vapor by heat, an-d condensing
it again into a solid by cold. 2. Exaltation ; elevation ;
act of heightening or improving.
SUB-LlME', a. [L. sublimis ; Fr., It., Sp., sublime.] i.
High in place ; exalted aloft. 2. High in excellence ;
exalted by nature ; elevated. 3. High in style or senti-
ment; lofty; grand. 4. Elevated by joy. 5. Lofty of
meinj elevated in manner.
SUB-LlME', n. A grand or lofty style ; a style that expresses
lofty j;onceptions. j^ddison.
SUB-LlME', V. t. 1. To sublimate, which see. 2. To raise
on high. 3. To exalt ; to heighten ; to improve.
SUB-LlME', V. i. To be brought or changed into a state of
vapor by heat, and then condensed by cold.
SUB-LlM'ED, (sub-limd') pp. Brought into a state of vapor
by heat, and, when cooled, changed to a solid state.
SUB-LlME'LY, adv. With elevated conceptions oftily.
SUB-LIME'NESS, n. Loftiness of style or sentiment ; sub-
limity.
SUB-LIM-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. sublimis and facio.] The
act of making sublime. Gilpin.
SUB-LlM'lNG, ppr. Sublimating; exalting.
SUB-LIM'I-TY, n. [Fr. sublimite ; L. sublimitas.] 1. Eleva
tion of place ; lofty height. 2. Height in excellence ,
loftiness of nature or character ; moral grandeur. — 3. In
oratory and composition, lofty conceptions, or such con-
ceptions expressed in corresponding language ; loftiness
of sentiment or style.
t SUB-LIN-E-A'TION, n. Mark of a line or lines under a
word in a sentence. Letter to Abp. Usher.
SUB-LIN'GUAL, a. [L. sub and lingua.] Situated under
the tongue ; as the sublinguul glands. Coze.
SUB-LU'NAR, ) a. [Fr. sublunaire ; L. sub and luna.]
SUB'LU-NA-RY, \ Literally, beneath the moon ; but sub-
lunary, which is the word chiefly used, denotes merely
terrestrial, earthly, pertaining to this world. Dryden.
SUB'LU-NA-RY, n. Any worldly thing. Feltham.
SUB-LUX-a'TION, 71. [sub and luxation.] In surgery, a
violent sprain ; also, an incomplete dislocation.
SUB-MA-R'INE', a. [L. sub and marinus.] Being, acting or
growing under water in the sea.
SUB-MAX'IL-LA-RY, a. [L. sub and maxilla.] Situated
underjthe jaw. Med. Repos.
SUB-Me'DI-ANT, n. In music, the sixth note, or middle
note between the octave and subdominant.
SUB-MERGE', (sub-merj') v. t [L. submergo.] 1. To put
under water; to plunge. 2. To cover or overflow with
water ; to drown.
SUB-MERGE', (sub-merj') v. i. To plunge under water.
SUB-MERG'ED, (sub-merjd') pp. Put under water ; over-
flowed.
SUB-MERG'ING, ppr. Putting under water ; overflowing.
SUB-MERSE', ) a. [L. submersus.] Being or growing un-
SUB-MERS'ED, ) der water, as the leaves of aquatic plants
SUB-MER'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. submersus.] 1. The act cf
putting under water or causing to be overflowed. 2. The
act of plunging under water ; the act of drowning.
t SUB-MIN'IS-TER, or jSUB-MIN'IS-TRATE, v.t. [L,
suhministro.] To supply ; to afibrd.
t SUB-MIN'IS-TER, v.i. To subserve ; to be useful to.
fSUB-MIN'IS-TRANT, a. Subservient; serving in subor-
dination. Bacon.
SUB-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, n. The act of furnishing or sup-
plying. Wotton.
SUB-MISS', a. [L. stibmissus.] Submissive ; humble ; obse-
quious. [Rarely used, and in poetry only.]
SUB-MIS'SION, 11. [L. submissio ,• Fr. soumission.] 1. The
act of submitting ; the act of yielding to power or authori-
ty ; surrender of the person and power to the control or
government of another. 2. Acknowledgment of inferiori-
ty or dependence ; humble or suppliant behavior. 3. Ac-
knowledgment of a fault ; confession of error. 4. Obedi-
ence ; compliance with the commands or lawsof a superior.
5. Resignation ; a yielding of one's will to the will or
appointment of a superior without murmuring.
SUB-MISS'IVE, a. 1. Yielding to the will or power of
another ; obedient. 2. Humble ; acknowledging one's
inferiority ; testifying one's submission.
SUB-MISS'IVE-LY, a(Zu. With submission ; with acknowl-
edgment of inferiority ; humbly. Dryden.
SUB-MISS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. A submissive temjier or dispo-
sition. 2. Humbleness ; acknowledgment of inferiority.
3. Confession of fault.
SUB-MISS'LY, adv. Humbly ; with submission,. [L. u.]
SUB-MISS'NESS, n. Humbleness ; obedience. [L. mJ
SUB-MIT', V. t. [L. submitto ; Fr. soumettre.] 1. To let
down ; to cause to sink or lower ; [obs.] Dryden. 2. To
yield, resign or surrender to the power, will or authority
of another. 3. To refer ; to leave or commit to the dis-
cretion or judgment of another.
SUB-MIT', V. i. 1. To surrender; to yield one's person to
the power of another ; to give up resistance. 2. To yield
one's opinion to the opinion or authority of another. 3
To be subject ; to acquiesce in the authority of another
4. To be submissive ; to yield without murmuring.
Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z . CH as SH •• TH as in this. tOisolete.
SUB
804
SUB
SUB-MlT TED, -pp. Surrendered ; resigned ; yielded ; re-
ferred.
SUB-MIT'TER, n. One who submits.
SUB-MIT'TING, ppr. Surrendering ; resigning ; yielding ;
referring to another for decision.
t SUB-MON'ISH, V. t. To suggest ; to put in mind ; to
prompt. Granger.
t SUB-MO-Nl"TION, n. Suggestion ; persuasion. Granger.
SUB-MUL'TI-PLE, n. A number or quantity which is con-
tained in another a certain number of times, or is an ali-
quot part of it.
SUB-NAS'CENT, a. [L. sub and jiascor.] Growing under-
neath.
(•SUB-NE€T', v.t. [L. subnecto ] To tie, buckle or fasten
beneath. Pope.
SUB-NOR'MAL, n. [L. sub and norina.] A subperpendicu-
lat or a line under the perpendicular to a curve.
SUB-NuDE', a. [L. sub and 7iudus, naked.] In botany, almost
naked or bare of leaves. Lee.
SUB-OB-S€t?RE'LY, adv. Somewhat obscurely.
SUB-0€-CIFI-TAL, a. Being under the occiput.
SUB-0€'TAVE, ) a. [L. sub and octavus or octuple.] Con-
SUB-Oe'TU-PLE, ) taining one part of eight.
SUB-0€ U-LAR, a. [L. sub and oculus.] Being under the
eye.
SUB-OR-BI€'U-LAR, ) a. [L. sub and orbiculatus.] Almost
SUB-OR-BIOU-LATE, \ orbiculate or orbicular ; nearly
circular. Say.
SUB-OR'DI-NA-C ^, n. 1. The state of being subordinate or
subject to control. 2. Series of subordination. [L.u.]
fSUB-OR'DI-NAN-CY. See Subordinacy.
SUB-OR'DI-NATE, a. [L. sub and ordinatus.] 1. Inferior
in order, in nature, in dignity, in power, importance,
&c. 2. Descending in a regular series.
SUB-OR'DI-NATE, v. t. 1. To place in an order or rank
below something else ; to make or consider as of less
valup or importance. 2. To make subject.
SUB-OR'DI-NA-TED, pp. Placed in an inferior rank ; con-
sidered as of inferior importance ; subjected.
SUB-OR'DI-NATE-LY, ado. 1. In a lower rank or of infe-
rior importance. 2. In a series regularly descending.
SUB-OR-DI-Na'TION, 7?. [Pr.] 1. The state of being in-
ferior to another ; inferiority of rank or dignity. 2. A
series regularly descending. 3. Place of rank among
inferiors. 4. Subjection ; state of being under control or
government.
SUB-ORN', V. t. [Fr. suborner ; It. subornare ; Sp. suborn-
ar ; L. subomo.] I. In laic, to procure a person to take
such a false oath as constitutes perjury. 2. To procure
privately or by collusion. 3. To procure by indirect
means.
SUB-OR-Na'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. In law, the crime of pro-
curing a person to take such a false oath as constitutes
perjury. 2. The crime of procuring one to do a criminal
or bad action.
SUB-ORN'ED, {suh-ornd') pp. Procured to take a false oath,
or to do a bad action.
SUB-ORN'ER, n. One who procures another to take a false
oath, or to do a bad action.
SUB-ORN'ING, ppr. Procuring one to take a false oath, or
to do a criminal action.
SUB-o'VATE, a. [L.sm& and ovatus.] Almost ovate ; near-
ly in the form of an egg. Martyn.
SUB-Pe'NA, n. [L. sub and pmna.] A writ commanding the
attendance in court of the person on whom it is served,
as a witness, &c.
SUB-Pe'NA, v. t. To serve with a writ of subpena ; to com-
mand attendance in court by a legal writ.
SUB-PER-PEN-DI€'U-I.AR, n. [sub and perpendicular.] A
subnormal, which see.
SUB-PET'I-O-LATE, a. [sub and petiole.] In botany, hav-
ing a very short petiole. Martyn.
SUB-PRl'OR, 71. [sub and prior.] The vicegerent of a pri-
or ; a claustral officer who assists the prior. South.
SUB-PUR'CHA-SER, n. A purchaser who buys of a pur-
SUB-QUAD'RATE, a. Nearly square. Say.
SUB-aUAD'RU-PLE, a. Containing one part of four.
SUB-aUIN'aUE-FID, a. Almost quinquefid.
SUB-aUIN'TU-PLE, a. Containing one part of five.
SUB-Ra'MOUS, a. In botany, having few branches.
SUB-RE€'TOR, n. A rector's deputy or substitute.
SUB-REP'TION, n. [1.. subreptio.] The act of obtaining a
favor by surprise or unfair representation.
SUB-REP-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. surreptitius.] Falsely crept
in; fraudulently obtained. See Surreptitious.
SUB-REP-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. By falsehood ; by stealth.
Sherrcood.
T SUB-REP'TIVE a. [Fr. subreptif.] Subreptitious. Cot-
grave.
t SUB'RO-GATE, t;. i [L. subrogo.] To put in the place
of another. See Surrogate.
SUB-RO-Ga'TION, n. In the civil law, the substituting
of one person in the place of another and giving him his
rights.
SUB-RO-TUND', a. [L. sub and rotundus.] Almost
round.
SUB-SA-LlNE', ffl. Moderately saline or salt. Encyc.
SUB'SALT, 71. A salt with less acid than is sufficient to
neutralize its radicals ; or a salt having an excess of the
SUB-S€AP'U-LAR, a. [L. sub and scapula.] The subscap
ular artery is the large branch of the axillary artery, which
rises near the lowest margin of the scapula.
SUB-SCRlBE', V. t. [L. subscribo ; Fr. souscrire ; It. soscri-
vere ; Sp. subscribir.] 1. To sign with one's own hand ;
to give consent to something written, or to bind one's sell
by writing one's name beneath. 2. To attest by writing
one's name beneath. 3. To promise to give by writing
one's name. 4. To submit ; [obs.]
SUB-SCRlBE', V. i. 1. To promise to give a certain sum by
setting one's name to a paper. 2. To assent.
SUB-SCRlB'ED, (sub-skribd') pp. 1. Having a name or
names written underneath. 2. Promised by writing the
name and sum.
SUB-S€RlB'ER, n. 1. One who subscribes ; one who con-
tributes to an undertaking by subscribing. 2. One who
enters his name for a paper, book, map and the like.
SUB-SCRlB'ING, ppr. Writing one's name underneath ;
assenting to or attesting by writing the name beneath ;
entering one's name as a purchaser.
SUB'SCRIPT, n. Any thing underwritten. Bentley.
SUB-S€RIP'TION, m. [I., subscriptio.] 1. Any thing, par-
ticularly a paper, with i;ames subscribed. 2. The act of
subscribing or writing one's name underneath ; name sub-
scribed ; signature. 3. Consent or attestation given by
underwriting the name. 4. The act of contributing to
any undertaking. 5. Sum subscribed ; amount of sums
subscribed. 6. Submission ; obedience ; [obs.]
SUB-SECTION, n. [L. sub and sectio.] The part or divis-
ion of a section 3 a subdivision ; the section of a section.
SUB-SE€'U-TiVE, a. [L. subscquor, subsecittus.] Follow-
ing in a train or succession. [L. u.]
SUB-SEM'I-TONE, n. In Tnusic, the sharp seventh or sen-
sible of any key.
SUB-SEP'TU-PLE, a. [L. sub and septuplus.] Containing
one of seven parts. Wilkins.
SUB'SE-aUENCE, n. [L. subsequor, subsequenj.] A fol
lowing ; a state of commg after something. Grew.
SUB'SE-aUENT, a. [Fr. ; L. subsequens.l 1. Following
in time ; coming or being alter something else at any time,
indefinitely. 2. Following in the order of place or suc-
cession ; succeeding.
SUB'SE-Q,UENT-LY, adv. 1. At a later time; in time
after something else, 2. After something else in order.
SUB-SERVE', (sub-serv') v. t. [L. subservio.] To serve in
subordination ; to serve instrumentally. Milton.
SUB-SERVI-ENCE, ) n. Instrumental use ; use or ope-
SUB-SERV'I-EN-CY, \ ration that promotes some pur-
pose.
SUB-SERV'I-ENT, a. [L. subserviens.] 1. Useful as an
instrument to promote a purpose ; serving to promote
some end. 2. Subordinate ; acting as a subordinate in-
strument.
SUB-SERV'I-ENT-LY, adv. In a subservient manner.
SUB-SES'SILE, a. [L. sub and sessilis.] In botany, almost
sessile ; having very short footstalks. Lee.
SUB-SEX'TU-PLE, a. [L. sub and sextuplus.] Containing
one part in six. Wilkins.
SUB-SIDE', V. i. [L. subsido.] 1. To sink or fall to the
bottom ; to settle, as lees. 2. To fall into a state of
quiet ; to cease to rage ; to be calmed ; to become tran-
quil. 3. To tend downwards ; to sink. 4. To abate ; to
be reduced.
SUB-Si'DENCE, \ n. 1. The act or process of sinking or
SUB-Si'DEN-CY, ] falling, as the lees of liquors. 2. The
act of sinking or gradually descending, as ground.
* SUB-SID'I-A-RY, a. [Fr. subsidiaire ; L. subsidiarius.]
1. Aiding; assistant; furnishing help. 2. Furnishing
additional supplies.
* SUB-SID'I-A-RY, n. An assistant ; an auxiliary ; he or
that winch contributes aid or additional supplies.
SUB'SI-DlZE, TJ. ^ [{tovo. subsidy.] To furnish with a sub-
sidy ; to purchase the assistance of another by the pay-
ment of a subsidy to him.
SUB'S I-DlZED, pp. Engaged as an auxiliary by means of
a subsidy.
SUB'SI-DiZ-ING, p;?r. Purchasing the assistance of by sub
sidies.
SUB'SI-DY, n. [Fr. subside ; L. subsidium.] 1. Aid in raon
ey ; supply given ; a tax ; something furnished for aid
as by the people to their prince. 2. A sum of money paid
by one prince or nation to another, to purchase the ser-
vice of auxiliary troops, or the aid of such foreign prince
in a war against an enemy.
SUB-SiGN', (sub-sine') v. t. [L. subsigno.] To sign under
to write beneath. [Littleu^ed.] Camden.
* See S-'novsis a E I 5 U, 1? Zom^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— ^ Obsolete.
SUB
805
SUB
BUB-SIG-Na'TION. u. Tne act of writing the nalne under
something for attestation. [Little used.]
SUB-SIST', V. t. [Fr. subsister ; It, sussistere; Sp. sub-
sistir ; L. subsisto.] 1. To be ; to have existence. 2. To
continue ; to retain the present state. 3. To live ; to be
maintained with food and clothing. 4. To inhere; to
have existence by means of something else.
SUBSIST', V. t. To feed ; to maintain ; to support with
provisions.
SlIB-SIST'ENCE, > n. [Fr. subsistence ; It. sussistenza.]
SUB-SIST'EN-CY, \ 1. Real being. 2. Competent pro-
visions ; means of supporting life. 3. That which sup-
plies the means of living, as money, pay or wages. 4.
Inherence in something else.
SUB-SIST'ENT, a. [L. subsistens.] 1. Having real being.
2. Inherent.
SUB'SOIL, n. The bed or stratum of earth which lies be-
tween Jhe surface soil and the base on which they rest.
SUB-SPe'CIES, (sub-spe'shiz) n. [sub and species.] A
subordinate species ; a division of a species. Thomson.
SUB'STANCE, w. [Fr. ; It. sustanza ; Sp. substancia; L.
substantia.] 1. In di. general seTise, being ; something ex-
isting by itself ; that which really is or exists. 2. That
which supports accidents. 3. The essential part; the
main or material part. 4. Something real, not imagina-
ry ; something solid, not empty. 5. Body ; corporeal
nature or matter. 6. Goods ; estate ; means of living.
SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. 1. Belonging to substance ; real ;
actually existing. Bentley. 2." Real ; solid ; true ; not
seeming or imaginary. 3. Corporeal ; material. 4. Hav-
ing substance; strong; stout; solid. 5. Possessed of
goods or estate ; responsible ; moderately wealthy.
SUB-STAN-TI-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of real existence.
2. Corporeity ; materiality. Olanville.
SUB-STAN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of a sub-
stance ; with reality of existence. 2. Strongly ; solid-
ly. 3. Truly ; solidly ; really. 4. In substance ; in the
main ; essentially. 5. With competent goods or estate.
SUB-STAN'TIAL-NESS, n. 1. The state of being sub-
stantial. 2. Firmness ; strength ; power of holding or
lasting.
SUB-STAN'TIALS, n. plu. Essential parts. Ayliffe.
SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. t. 1. To make to exist. 2. To es-
tablish by proof or competent evidence ; to verify ; to make
good. Canning.
SUB'STAN-TlVE, a. 1. Betokening existence. Arbutlmot.
2. Solid ; depending on itself; [obs.] Bacon.
SUB'STAN-TlVE, n. In grammar, a noun or name ; the
part of speech which expresses something that exists,
either material or immaterial.
SUB'STAN-TlVE-LY, ad.v. 1. In substance ; essentially.—
2. In grammar, as a name or noun.
SUB'STlLE, n. [sub and stile.] The line of a dial on which
the stile is erected. Encyc.
SUB'STI-TUTE, v. t. [Fr. substituer ; It. sustitidre ; Sp. sub-
stitiiir ; L. substituo.] To put in the place of another.
SUB'STI-TUTE, n. 1. One person put in the place of an-
other to answer the same purpose. 2. One thing put in
the place of another.
SUB-STI-Tu'TION, n. 1. The act of putting one per-
son or thing in the place of another to supply its place.
— 2. In grammar, syllepsis, or the use of one word for
another.
SUB-STRACT', v. t. [L. subtraho, subtractum.] To sub-
tract.— Sw&stract was formerly used in analogy with ab-
st7-act. But in modern usage, it is written according to the
Latin, subtract.
SUB-STRACTION, n. In law, the withdrawing or with-
holding of some right.
SUB-STRa'TUM, n. [L. substrains.] 1. That which is
laid or spread under ; a layer of earth lying under an-
other. — 2. In metaphysics, the matter or substance sup-
posed to furnish the basis in which the perceptible quali-
ties inhere.
SUB-STRU€'TI0N, n. [L.substructio.] Under-building.
SUB-STRU€T'UREj n. An under-structure ; a founda-
tion.
SUB-ST'^'LAR, a. In dialing, the substylar line is a right
line on which the gnomon or style is erected at right an-
gles with the plane.
SUB'STyLE, n. [sub and style.] In dialing, the line on
which the gnomon stands.
SUB-SULPH'ATE, n. A sulphate with an excess of the
base.
SUB-SULT'IVE, } a. [1,. subsultus.] Bounding ; leap-
* SUB-SULT'O-RY, ^ ing ; moving by sudden leaps or
starts, or bv twitches.
* SUB-SULT'O-RI-LY, adv. In a bounding manner; by
leaps, starts or twitches. Bacon.
SUB-SULT'US, n. [L.] In medicine, a, twitching or con-
vulsive motion. Coxe.
tSUB-SuME', V. t. [Jj. sub a.nd sumo.] To assume as. a po-
sition by consequence. Hammond.
SUB-TAN'6ENT, ?i. In geometry, the part of the axis con-
tained between the ordinate aiu tangent drawn to the
same point in a curve.
SUB-TEND', V. t. [L. sub and tend..] To extend under; as
the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle.
SUB-TEND'ED, pp. Extended under.
SUB-TEND'ING, ppr. Extending Under.
SUB-TENSE', (sub-tens') 7i. [L. sub and tensus.] The
chord of an arch or arc.
SUB-TEP'ID, a. [L. sub and tepidus.] Moderately warm
SUB'TER, a Latin preposition, signifies under.
SUB-TER'FLU-ENT, ) a. [L. subterflucns, subterfim.'
SUB-TER'FLU-OUS. \ Running under or beneath.
SUB'TER-FU6E,n. [Fr.] iito-aZZj-, that to which a person
resorts for escape or concealment ; hence, a shift; an eva-
sion ; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force
of an argurnent, or to justify opinions or conduct.
SUB-TER-RaNE', n. A cave or room under ground.
SUB-TER-Ra'NE-AN, ; a. [L. subter, under, and terra
SUB-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, \ earth; Fr. soutei-rain; It. sot-
terraneo.] Being or lying under the surface of the earth ,
situated within the earth or under ground. — [Subterraneal
and Siibterrany are not in use.]
t SUB-TER-RAN'I-TY, n. A place under ground.
t SUB'TER-RA-NY, n. What lies under ground.
SUB'TIL, or SUB'TlLE, a. [Fr. subtil ; L. subtilis ; It. sot-
tile. This word is often written subtle, but less properly.]
1. Thin ; not dense or gross. 2. Nice ; fine ; delicate. 3.
Acute ; piercing. 4. Sly ; artful ; cunning ; crafty ; in-
sinsating. 5. Planned by art; deceitful. 6. Deceitful ;
treacherous. 7. Refined; fine; acute.
t SUB-TIL'I-ATE, v. t. To make thin. Harvey.
t SUB-TIL-I-A'TION, n. The act of making thin or rare.
SUB-TIL'I-TY, n. Fineness. Smellie.
SUB-TIL-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of making subtil, fine
or thin. — In the laboratory, the operation of making so vol-
atile as to rise in steam or vapor. 2. Refinement ; extreme
acuteness.
SUB'TIL-IZE, V. t. [Fr. subtiliser.] 1. To make thin or
fine ; to make less gross or coarse. 2. To refine ; to spin
into niceties.
SUB'TIL-iZE, V. i. To refine in argument; to make very
nice distinctions, Milner.
SUB'TIL-LY, ado. 1. Thinly ; not densely. 2. Finely ;
not grossly or thickly. 3. Artfully ; cunningly ; craftily.
SUB'TIL-NESS, n. 1, Thinness ; rareness. 2. Fineness ;
acuteness. 3. Cunning ; artfulness.
SUB'TIL-TY, 7i. [Fr, subtilitc ; L. subtilitas.] 1. Thinness;
fineness ; exility. 2. Refinement ; extreme acuteness.
3. Slyness in design ; cunning ; artifice ; usually, but less
properlv, written subtlety.
SUB'TLE, (sut'tl) a. [See Subtil.] 1, Sly in design ; art-
ful ; cunning ; insinuating. 2. Cunningly devised.
SUB'TLE-TY. (sut'tl-ty) See Subtilty.
SUB'TLY, (sut'ly) adv. 1. SliJy ; artfully ; cunningly. Mil-
ton. 2. Nicely ; delicately. Pope.
SUB-TRACT', ^j. i. [1j. subtraho, subtractus.] To withdraw
or take a part from the rest ; to deduct,
SUB-TRA€T'ED,pp, Withdrawn from the rest ; deducted.
SUB-TRACT'ER, n. 1. He that subtracts, 2. The number
to be taken from a larger number ; [obs.]
SUB-TRACT'ING, ppr. Withdrawing from the rest.
SUB-TR ACTION, w. [L. subtractio.] 1. The act or ope-
ration of taking a part from the rest. — 2. In arithmetic, the
taking of a lesser number from a greater of the same kind
or denomination.
SUB-TRACT'IVE, a. Tending or having power to sub-
tract.
SUB-TRA-HEND', n. In arithmetic, the sum or number to
be subtracted or taken from another.
SUB-TRI'FID, a. Slightly trifid. Martyn.
SUB-TRIP'LE, a. [sub and triple.] Containing a third or
one part of three. Wilkins.
SUB-TRIP'LI-€ATE, a. In the ratio of the cubes.
SUB-TU'TOR, n. [sub and tutor.] An under-tutor. Bur-
net.
SUB'U-LATE, a. [L, subula.] In botany, shaped like an
awl ; awl-shaped. Martyn.
t SUB-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. sub and unda.] Flood ; del
uge. Huloet.
SUB'URB, or SUB'URBS, n. [L. suburbium.] 1. A build-
ing without the walls of a city, but near them ; or, more
generally, the parts that lie without the walls, but in the
vicinity of a city. 2. The confines ; the out-part.
SUB-URB'AN, a. [L. suburbanus.] Inhabiting or being in
the suburbs of a city.
SUB'URBED, a. Bordering on a suburb ; having a suburb
on its out-part. Carew.
SUB-UR-BI-Ca'RI-AN, I a. [Low L. suburbicarius.] Bft-
SUB-URB'I-CA-RY, \ ing in the suburbs.
SUB-VA-Rl'E-TY, n. [sub and variety.] A subordinate va-
riety, or division of a variety. Mineralogy.
t SUB-VEN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. subventaneus.] Addle ;
windy.
SUB-VEN'TION, m. [h. subvenio.] 1. The act of coming
'.^' m
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
sue
806
SUD
under. 2. The act of coming to relief; support; aid;
[little used.]
SUB-VERSE', (sub-vers') v. t. To subvert. Spenser.
SUB-VER'SION, w. [Fi.; 1,. subversio.] Entire overthrow ;
an overthrow of the foundation; utter ruin.
SUB-VERS'IVE, a. Tending to subvert ; having a tenden-
cy to overthrow and ruin.
SUB- VERT', V. t. [L. siibverto ; Fr., Sp. subvertir.] 1. To
overthrow from the foundation ; to overturn ; to ruin ut-
terly. 2. To corrupt ; to confound ; to pervert the mind,
and turn it from the truth. 2 Tim. ii.
SUB-VERT'ED, pp. Overthrown ; overturned ; entkely de-
stroyed.
SUB-VERT'ER, n. One who subverts ; an overthrower.
SUB-VERT'ING, ppr. Overthrowing ; entirely destroy-
ing.
SUB-WoRK'ER, n. A subordinate worker or helper.
SU€-CE-Da'NE-0US, a. [L. sriccedaneus.] Supplying the
place of something else ; being or employed as a substi-
tute. Boyle.
SU€-CE-Da'NE-UM, 71. That which is used for something
else ; a substitute. WarbiLrton.
SUC-CEED', ) V. t ""Fr. succeder ; It. succedere ; Sp. suced-
SU€;-CeDE', \ er f L sticcedo.] 1. To follow in order ; to
take the^lace which another has left. 2. To follow ; to
come after ; to be subsequent or consequent. 3. To pros-
per ; to make successful.
SU€-CEED', v. i. 1. To follow in order. 2. To come in
the place of one that has died or quitted the place, or of
that which has preceded. 3. To obtain the object desir-
ed ; to accomplish what is attempted or intended ; to
have a prosperous termination. 4. To terminate with
advantage ; to have a good effect. 5. To go under cover ;
[little used.]
SU€-CEED'ED, pp. Followed in order ; prospered ; attend-
ed with success.
SU€-CEED'ER, n. One that follows or comes in tlie plaoe
of another ; a successor.
SU€-CEED'ING, ppr. 1. Following in order ; subsequent ;
coming after. 2. Taking the place of another who has
quitted the place, or is dead. 3. Giving success ; pros-
pering. .
SU€-CEEDT:NG, n. The act or state of prospering or hav-
ing success.
SU€-CESS', 71. [Fr. succes ; L. successus.] 1. The favor-
able or prosperous termination of any thing attempted ;
a termination which answers the purpose intended. 2.
Succession ; [obs.]
SU€-CESS'FTiL, a. Terminating in accomplishing what is
wished or intended ; having the desired effect.
SUe-CESS'FUL-LY, adv. With a favorable termination of
what is attempted ; prosperously; favorably. Swift.
SU€-CESS'FUL-NESS, n. Prosperous conclusion; favora-
ble event ; success. Hammond.
SU€-CES'SION, n. [Fr.; 1j. succes sio.] 1. A following of
things in order ; consecution ; series of things following
one another, either in time or place. 2. The act of suc-
ceeding or coming in the place of another. 3. Lineage ;
an order or series of descendants. 4. The power or right
of coming to the inheritance of ancestors.
SUC-CESS'IVE, a. [Fr. successif; It. sjLccessivo.] 1. Fol-
lowing in order or uninterrupted course, as a series of per-
sons or things, and either in time or place. 2. Inherited
by succession ; as, a successive title ; [I. u.]
SU€-CESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a series or order, one follow-
ing another.
SUe-CESS'IVE-NESS, n. The state of being successive.
SU€-CESS'LESS, a. Having no success ; unprosperous ; un-
fortunate ; failing to accomplish what was intended.
SU€)-CESS'LESS-LY, adv. Without success. Hammond.
SU€-CESS'LESS-NESS, n. Unprosperous conclusion.
*SU€-CESS'OR, n. [L.] One that succeeds or follows ; one
that takes the place which another has left, and sustains
the like part or character ; correlative to predecessor.
SUe-CID'U-OUS, a. [L. succiduus.] Ready to fall ; falling.
[Little used.]
SU€!-CIF'ER-0U3, a. [L. succus and fero.] Producing or
conveying sap.
SU€'CI-NATE, 7). [L. succinum.] A salt formed by the
succinic acid and a base.
SU€'CI-NA-TED, a. Impregnated with the acid of am-
ber.
SU€-CIN€T', a. [L. succinctus.] 1. Tucked up; girded
up ; drawn up to permit the legs to be free ; [I. u.] 2.
Compressed into a narrow compass ; short ; brief ; con-
cise.
SUe-CIN€T'LY, adv. Briefly ; concisely.
SU€-CIN€T'NESS, v. Brevity ; conciseness.
SU€-CIN'ie, a. Pertaining to amber ; drawn from amber.
SU€'CI-NITE, n. [L. succivum.] A mineral of an amber
color, considered as a variety (,f garnet.
SUe'CI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to amber.
SU€'€OR, V. t. [Fr. secourir ; It. soccorrere ; Sp. spcorrer ; L.
succurro.] Literally, to run to, or run to support ; hence,
to help or relieve when in difficulty, want or distress ; to
assist and deliver from suffering.
SU€'€OR, 7!. 1. Aid; help; assistance; particularly, as-
sistance that relieves and delivers from difficulty, want
or distress. 2. The person or thing that brings relief.
SU€'€ORED, pp. Assisted ; relieved.
SU€'eOR-ER, 71. He that affords relief; a helper ; a deliv-
erer.
SU€'€OR-LESS, a. Destitute of help or relief Thomson.
SU€'€OR-Y, 71. Wild endive, a plant of the genus cicho-
rium.
SU€'€0-TASH, n. In America, a mixture or" green maize
and beans boiled. The dish, as well as the name, is bor-
rowed from the native Indians.
SU€'€U-BA, ) 11. [L. sub and cuho.] A pretended kind of
SU€eU-BUS, demon. Mir. for Mag.
SUe'eU-LEN'^E, \ jui„i„„gs
SU€'€U-LEN-CY, ji "" JUi^n^ss.
SU€'€U-LENT, a. [Fr. ; L. succulmtus.] Full of juice
juicy.
SU€-€UMB', V. i. [L. s^uccumbo.] 1. To yield ; to submit
2. To yield; to sink unresistingly.
SU€-€UMB'ING, ppr. Yielding; submitting; sinking.
SU€-€US-Sa'TION, 7i. [L. succusso.] 1. A trot or trot-
ting. Brown. 2. A shaking ; succussion.
SU€-€US'SI0N, 71. [L. succussio.] 1. The act of shaking ;
a shake. — 2. In medicine, a shaking of the nervous paits
by powerful stimulants.
SUCH, a. [Perhaps a contraction of Sax. swelc, swylc, G
soldi, D. zolk : but more probably, the Russ. sitze, sitzev '}
1. Of that kind; of the like kind. 2. The same that. 3.
The same as what has been mentioned. 4. Referring to
what has been specified. — 5. Siich and such is used in ref-
erence to a person or place of a certain kind.
SUCK, V. t. [Sax. sucan, succan: G. saugen i D. zuigeii. ;
Sw. suga ; L. stigo ; Fr. sucer ; It. succiare, succkiare.]
1. To draw with the mouth ; to draw out, as a liquid froic
a cask, or milk from the breast ; to draw into the mouth
2. To draw milk from with the mouth. 3. To draw intr
the mouth ; to imbibe. 4. To draw or drain. 5. To draw
in, as a whirlpool ; to absorb. 6. To inhale. — To suck in,
to draw into the mouth ; to imbibe ; to absorb. — To such
out, to draw out with the mouth ; to empty by suction. —
To suck up, to draw into the mouth.
SUCK, V. i. 1. To draw by exhausting the air, as with tl^c
mouth, or with a tube. 2. To draw the breast. 3. To
draw in ; to imbibe.
SUCK, 71. 1. The act of drawing with the mouth. Boyle.
2. Milk drawn from the breast by the mouth. Shak.
SUCKED, pp. Drawn with the mouth, or with an instru-
ment that exhausts the air ; imbibed ; absorbed.
SUCK'ER, 7!. I. He or that which draws with the mouth
2. The embolus or piston of a pump. 3. A pipe tbrougji
which any thhig is drawn. 4. The shoot of a plant from
the roots or lower part of the stem. 5. A fish.
SUCK'ER, V. t. To strip offshoots ; to deprive of suckers.
SUCK'ET, 7!. A sweetmeat for the mouth. Clear eland.
SUCK'ING, ppr. Drawing with the mouth or with an in-
strument ; imbibing ; absorbing.
SUCK'ING-BOT-TLE, 7?. A bottle to be filled with milk
for infants to suck, instead of the pap. Locke.
t SUCKLE, 71, A teat.
SUCKLE, V. t. To give suck to ; to nurse at the breast.
SUCKLED, pp. Nursed at the breast.
SUCK'LTNG, ppr. Nursing at the breast.
SUCK'LING, 7). 1. A young child or animal nursed at the
breast. Ps. viii. 2. A sort of white clover. Cyc.
SUCTION, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of sucking or drawing into
the mouth. 2. The act of drawing, as fluids, into a pipe.
StJT)AK', n. A fish, a species of perca. Tooke.'
t Su'DA-RY, 7!. [L. sudarium.] A napkin or handkerchief.
SU-Da'TION, 7!. [1.. sudatio.] A sweating.
Stf'DA-TO-RY, n. [L. sudatorium ] A hot-house ; a svveat-
iuff-bath. Herbert.
Su'DA-TO-RY, a. Sweating
SUD'DEN, a. [Sax. soden , Fr. soudain.] 1. Happening
without previous notice ; coming unexpectedly, or with-
out the common preparatives. 2. Hasty ; violent ; rash ;
precipitate ; passionate ; [obs.]
t SUD'DEN, n. An unexpected occurrence; suiprise. — On
a sudden, sooner than was expected ; without the usual
preparatives. Milton.
S(JD'DEN-LY, fl(Z«. 1. In an unexpected manner; unex-
pectedly ; hastily ; without preparation. 2. Without pre-
meditation.
SUD'DEN-NESS, n. State of being sudden ; a coming or
happening without previous notice.
SU-DO-RIF'IC, a. [Fr. sudorifique.] Causing sweat ; excit-
ing perspiration. Bacon.
SU-DO-RIF'IC, n. A medicine that produces sweat or sej>-
sible perspiration. Coxe.
Su'DOR-OUS, a. [L. sudor.] Consisting of sweat. 5row7i
SUDS, 71. sing. Water impregnated with soap. — To be m
the suds, to be in turmoil or difficulty ; a familiar phrase
* See Synopsis. I, E,I, O, V, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;
t Obsolete
SUF
807
SUI
SCE, (su) ». t. [Fr svivre.] 1. To seek justice or right from
one by legal process ; to institute process in law against
one ; to prosecute in a civil action for the recovery of a
real or supposed right. 2. To gain by legal process. 3.
To clean the beak, as a hawkj a term ^falconry. — To
sue out, to petition for and take out ; or to apply for and
obtain.
Sue, v. i. 1. Te prosecute ; to make legal claim ; to seek
for in law. 2. To seek by request ; to apply for ; to peti-
don ; to entreat. 3. To make interest for j to demand.
Sued, j>p. Prosecuted ; sought in law
f Su'ER, 71. One who seeks to obtain by treaty ; a suitor.
Lord.
Su'ET, n. [W. sw'ijv and swyved.l The fat of an animal,
particularly that about the kidneys ; lard. Wiseman.
Su'ET-Y, a. Consisting of suet, or resembling it.
SUF'FER, V. t. [L. suffero ; Fr. souff>-ir ; It. sofferire ; Sp.
safrir.} 1. To fe<sl or bear what is painful, disagreeable,
or distressing, either to the body or mind ; to undergo. 2.
To endure ; to support ; to sustain ; not to sink under. 3.
To allow ; to permit ; not to forbid or hinder. 4. To un-
dergo ; to be affected by. 5. To sustain ; to be affect-
ed by.
SUF'FER, V. i. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind ;
to bear what is Inconvenient. 2. To undergo, as punisli-
ment. 3. To be injured ; to sustain loss or damage. Tem-
ple.
SUF'FER- A-BLE, a. 1. That may be tolerated or permit-
ted ; allowable. 2. That may be endured or borne.
SUF'FER- A-BLE-NESS, n. Tolerableness. Scott.
SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. Tolerably ; so as to be endured.
SUFFER-ANCE, n. 1. The bearing of pain ; endurance;
pain endured ; misery. 2. Patience 5 moderation ; a bear-
ing with patience. 3. Toleration ; permission ; allow-
ance ; negative consent by not forbidding or hindering.
SUF'FER-ED, ;>;;. Borne ; undergone ; permitted ; allowed.
SUF'FER-ER, n. One who endures or undergoes pain, ei-
ther of body or mind 3 one who sustains inconvenience or
loss. 2. One that permits or allows.
SUF'FER-ING, ppr. Bearing ; undergoing pain, inconven-
ience or damage ; permitting ; allowing.
SUF'FER-ING, n. The bearing of pain, inconvenience or
loss ; pain endured ; distress, loss or injury incurred.
SUF'FER-ING-LY, aeZ«. With pain. Cabalistical Dialogue.
SUF-FICE', (suf-f Ize') v. i. [Fr. suffire ,■ L. sufficio.] To be
enough or sufficient ; to be equal to the end proposed.
SUF-FICE', (suf-f ize') v. t. 1. To satisfy; to content; to
be equal to the wants or demands of. 2. To afford ; to
supply ; [obs.]
SUF-Fl'CED, (suf-f Izd') pp. Satisfied ; adequately sup-
plied.
SUF-Fi"CIEN-CY, n. 1. The state of being adequate to the
end proposed. 2. (Qualification for any purpose. 3. Com-
petence ; adequate substance or means. 4. Supply equal
to wants ; ample stock or fund. 5. Ability ; adequate
power. 6. Conceit; self-confidence.
SUF-Fi"CIENT, a. [L. sufficiens.] 1. Enough ; equal to the
end proposed ; adequate to wants ; competent. 2. Quali-
fied ; competent ; possessing adequate talents or accom-
plishments. 3. Fit ; able ; of competent power or abil-
ity.
SUF-FI"CIENT-LY, adv. To a sufficient degree ; enough;
to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content.
SUF-Fl'CING, (suf-f Iz'ing) ppr. Supplying what is need-
ed ; satisfying.
t SUF-Pl'SANCE, n. [Fr.J Sufficiency; plenty. Spenser.
SUF'FIX, 71. [L. suffixus, suffigo.] A letter or syllable add-
ed or annexed to the end of a word. Parklmrst.
SUF-FIX', V. t. To add a letter or syllable to a word.
SUF-FIX'ED, (suf-fixf) pp. Added to the end of a word.
SUF-FtX'ING, ppr. Adding to the end of a word.
fSUF-FLAM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. sufflamen.] To stop ; to im-
pede.
SUF-FLaTE', v. t. [L. sujjio.] To blow up ; to inflate.
SUF-FLa'TION, 71. [h.suffiatio.] The act of blowing up or
inflating. Coles.
SUF'FO-CATE, v. t. [Fr. suffoquer ; It. suffogare ; Sp. suf-
ocar : L. suffoco.] 1. To choke or kill by stopping res-
piration. 2. To stifle; to destroy; to extinguish. Col-
lier.
SUF'FO-€ ATE, a. Suffocated. Shak.
«TTPiFO-eA-TED,p». Choked; stifled.
SUF'FO-€A-TI JNtif, ppr. Choking ; stifling.
SUF'FO-€A-TING-LY, adv. So as to suffocate.
SUF-FO-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The act of choking or stifling ; a
stopping of respiration. 2. The act of stifling, destroying
or extinguishing.
SUF'FO-€A-TIVE, a. Tending or able to choke or stifle.
SUF-FOS'SION, 71. [L. suffossio.] A digging under; an un-
dermining. Bp. Hall.
SUF'FRA-GAN, a. [Fr. suffragant ; It. suffraganeo ; L. suf-
fragans.] Assisting ; as, a saffragan bishop.
SUF'FRA-GAN, n. A bishop, considered as an assistant to
bis metropolitan ; or rather, an assistant bishop.
jSUF'FRA-GANT, n. An assistant; a favorer; one wliv)
concurs witli. Taylor.
fSUFFRA-GATE, v.t. VL. suffragor.] To vote with.
SUF'FRA-GA-TOR, n. [L.] One who assists or favors by
his vote. Bp. of Chester.
SUF'FRAGE, 71. [L. suffragium ; Y't- suffrage.'] 1. A votfl ;
a voice given in deciding a. controverted question, or u»
the choice of a man for an office or trust. 2. United voice
of persons in public prayer. 3. Aid ; assistance ; a Latin-
ism ; \_obe.]
SUF-FRAG'IN-OUS, a. [L. suffrago.] Pertaining to th«
knee-joint of a beast. Brown.
SUF-FRU'TI-€0US, a. [L. S7t6 and/TTtticosws.J la botany,
under-shrubby, or part shrubby.
SUF-FtJ'MI-GATE, v. t. [L. suffumigo.^ To apply fumes
or smoke to the internal parts of the body.
SUF-F U-MI-Ga'TI ON, n. 1. Fumigation ; the operation of
smoking any thing. 2 A term applied to all medicineiJ
that are received iijto the body in the form of fumes.
SUF-Fu'MlGE, n. A medical fume. Harvey.
SUF-FuSE' (suf-fuze ) t;.t. [L. suffusus.] To overspread,
as with a fluid or tincture. Pope.
SUF-FUS'ED, (suf-fuzd') pp. Overspread, as with a fluid
SUF-Fu'SION, n. [F. ; L. suffusio.] 1. The act or opera
tion of overspreading, as with a fluid. 2. The state ot
being suffused or spread over. 3. That which is suffused
or spread over.
SUG, ?(.. [L. suffo.] A kind of worm. TValton. -
STJG'AR, (shug'ar) n. [Fr. swcre ,• Arm. smcj-,- Sp. azwcar,
It. zucchero ; G. lucker ; D. suiker ; Dan. sokker, sukker ,
Sw. socker ,• VV. sugijr.] 1. A well-known substance man-
ufactured chiefly from the sugar-cane, arundo saccharife-
ra. 2. A chemical term ; as, the sugar of lead..
SUG'AR, (shug'ar) v. t. 1. To impregnate, season, cover,
sprinkle or mix with sugar. 2. To sweeten.
SUGAR of lead. Acetate of lead.
SUG'AR-CAN-DY, (shug'ar-kan-dy) 71. [sugar and caridy.]
Sugar clarified and concreted or crystalized, in which
state it becomes transparent.
SUG'AR-€ANE, n. [sugar and caiic.] The cane or plant
from whose juice sugar is obtained.
SUG'AR-HOUSE, 71. A building in which sugar is refined.
SUG'AR-LoAF, n. A conical mass of refined sugar.
SiJG'AR-MILL, n. A machine for pressing out the juice of
the sugar-cane.
SUG'AR-MITE, n. A winged insect ; lepisma.
SijG'AR-PLUM, 71. [sugar aiiA plum.] A species of sweet-
meat, in small balls.
SUG'AR-Y, (shug'ar-y) a. 1. Tinctured or sweetened with
sugar ; sweet ; tasting like sugar. 2. Fond of sugar, or
of sweet things. 3. Containing sugar, .dsh. 4. Like
sugar. Ash.
SU-GES'CENT, a. [L. sugens.] Relating to sucking. Pa-
ley.
*SUG-GEST', V. t. [L. suggero, Siiggestus ; It. suggerirc ;
Fr. suggerer.] 1. To hint; to intimate or mention in the
first instance. 2. To offer to the mind or thoughts. 3.
To seduce ; to draw to ill by insinuation ; [obs.] 4. To
inform secretly ; [obs.]
*SUG-6EST'ED,pp. Hinted; intimated.
* SUG-GEST'ER, n. One that suggests.
* SUG-GES'TION, 71. [Fr.; from suggest.] 1. A hint; a
first intimation, proposal or mention. 2. Presentation of
an idea to the mind. 3. Insinuation ; secret notification
or incitement. — 4, In laio, information without oath.
* SUG-GEST'IVE, a. Containing a hint or intimation.
fSUG'GlL, V. t. [L. suggillo.] To defame. Parker.
t SUG'GIL-ATE, v. t. [L. suggillo.] To beat black and
blue.
fSUG-GlL-A'TION, 71. A black and blue mark; a blow,
a brujse.
SO-I-Cl'DAL, a. Partkking of the crime of suicide.
SU'I-CTDE, 7?. [Fr. ; 1a. suicidium.] 1. Self-murder; the act
of designedly destroying one's own Iffe. 2. One guilty
of self-murder ; a felo de se.
t StJ'I-CISM, for suicide.
fSUIL'LAGE, 71. [Fr.soMiZZag-c] Drain of filth. Wotton
Su'ING, ppr. of sue. Prosecuting.
t Su'ING, n. [F. suer ; L. sudo.] The process of soakmg
through any thing. Bacon.
Suit, n. [Norm, suit, or suyt ; Fr. suite.] 1. Consecution ,
succession ; series ; regular order ; [obs.] 2. A set ; a
number of things used together, and in a degree necessary
to be united, in order to answer the purpose. 3. A set of
the same kind or stamp. 4. Retinue ; a company or num-
ber of attendants or followers; attendance; train; as, a
nobleman and his suit. [This is sometimes pronounced
as a French word, sweet.] 5. A petition ; a seeking for
something by petition or application. 6. Solicitation of a
woman in marriage ; courtship. — 7. In law, an action ot
process for the recovery of a right or claim ; legal applica
tion to a court for justice ; prosecution of right before any
tribunal. 8. Pursuit ; prosecution ; chase.
Suit, v. t. To fit; to adapt ; to make proper. 2. To be-
= See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK Do VE 3— BULL, UNITE.— 6 as K ; Cf as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in tAw. f Ohsoleta
StJL
StJM
come; to be fitted to. 3, To dress; to clothe. 4. To
please ; to make content.
Suit v. i. To agree ; to accord ; as, to suit with. Dryden.
StJIT'A-BLE, a. 1. Fitting; according with ; agreeable to;
proper ; becoming. 2. Adequate.
StJIT'A-BLE-NESS^ n. Fitness ; propriety ; agreeableness ;
a state of being adapted or accommodated.
SuIT'A-BLY, adv. Fitly ; agreeably ; with propriety.
* SUITE, ?i» Retinue. See Suit.
SuIT'EDjpp. Fitted; adapted; pleased.
SUIT'ING, ypr. Fitting ; according with ; becoming.
SuIT'OR, n. 1. One that sues or prosecutes a demand of
right in law, as a plaintiff, petitioner or appellant. 2. One
who attends a court, whether plaintiff, defendant, peti-
tioner, appellant, witness, juror and the like. 3. A peti-
tioner; an applicant. 4. One who solicits a Woman in
marriage ; a wooer ; a lover.
StJIT'RESS, n. A female supplicant. Rowe.
SUL'€ATE, \ a. [L. sulcus.] In botany, furrowed ; groov-
SUL'€A-TED, \ ed. Ma'rtyn. .
fSULK, t;. i. [Sax. solce7i.] To be sluggishly discontented ;
to be silently sullen ; to be morose or tostinate.
SULK'I-LY, adv. In the sulks ; morosely. Iron Chest.
SULK'I-NESS, n. Sullenness ; sourness ; moroseness.
SULK'Y, a. [Sax.solcen.] Sullen; sour; heavy ; obstinate ;
morose. j3s. Res.
SULK'Y, 71. A carriage for a single person.
•fSULL, m. [Sax. sulh.] A plough. Jiinsworth,
SUL'LA6E, n. [See Sulliage.] A drain of filth, or filth
collected from the street or highway. Cyc.
SUL'LEN, a. 1. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour;
affected with ill humor. 2. Mischievous ; malignant. 3.
Obstinate ; intractable. 4. Gloomy ; dark ; dismal. 5.
Heavy ; dull ; sorrowful.
t SUL'LEN, t). f. To' make sullen. Fellows.
SUL'LEN-LY, adv. Gloomily; malignantly; intractably;
with moroseness. Dryden.
SUL'LEN-NESS, n. Ill nature with silence ; silent morose-
ness ; gloominess; malignity; intractableness.
tSUL'LENS, n.plu. A morose temper ; gloominess.
fSUL'LT-AGE, 71. [Fr. souillag-e.] Foulness; filth.
SUL'LIED, pp. Soiled ; tarnished ; stained.
SUL'LY, V. t. [Fr. souiller.] 1. To soil ; to dirt ; to spot ; to
tarnish. 2. To tarnish ; to darken. 3. To stain ; to tar-
nish.
SUL'LY, V. i. To be soiled or tarnished. Bacon.
SUL'LY, n. Soil ; tarnish ; spot. Spectator.
SUL'LY-ING, japr. Soiling; tarnishing; staining.
SUL'PHATE, V. [from sulphur.] A neutral salt formed by
sulphuric acid in combination with any base.
SUL-PHAT'I€, a. Pertaining to sulphate.
SUL'PHITE, 7u A salt or definite compound formed by a
combination of sulphurous acid with a base.
SUL'PHUR, 71. [L. , Fr. soufre ; It. zolfo ; D. solfer.] A sim-
ple, combustible mineral substance, of a yelloVv color,
brittle, insoluble in water, but fusible by heat.
SUL'PHUR-ATE, a. [L. sulphuratus.] Belonging to sul-
phur ; of the color of sulphur. [Little used.] More.
SUL'PHUR-ATE, v. t. To combine with sulphur.
SUL'PHUR- A-TED, pp. Combined with sulphur.
SUL-PHUR-A'TION, n. 4.ct of dressing or anointing with
sulphur. Bentley.
SUL'PHuRE, ) n. A combination of sulphur with a me-
SUL'PHU-RET, \ tallic, earthy or alkaline base.
SUL-PHu'RE-OUS, a. Consisting of sulphur ; having the
qualities of sulphur or brimstone ; impregnated with sul-
phur.
SUL-PHu'RE-OUS-LY, adv. In a sulphureous manner.
SUL-PHu'RE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being sulphure-
ous.
SUL'PHU-RET-ED, a. Applied to gaseous bodies holding
sulphur in solution.
SUL'PHUR-I€ or SUL-PHu'RI€, a. Pertaining to sulphur ;
more strictly, designating an acid formed by sulphur satu-
rated with oxygen.
SUL'PHttR-OUS, a. Like sulphur ; containing sulphur ; also,
designating an acid formed by sulphur subsaturated with
oxygen.
SUL'PHUR-WoRT, n. A plant, hog's fennel, of the genus
peucedanum.
SULPHUR-Y, a. Partaking of sulphur ; having the quali-
ties cf sulphur.
SUL'TAN, 71. [qu. Ch., Syr., Heb. ©Str to rule.] An ap-
pellation given to the emperor of the Turks.
SUL-Ta'NA, or SUL'TAN ESS, n. The queen of a sultan ;
the empress of the Turks. Cleaveland.
SUL'TAN-FLOW-ER, a. A plant, a species of centaur ea.
SUL'TAN-RY, n. An eastern empire ; the dominions of a
sultan. Bacon.
SUL'TRI-NESS, n. The state of being sultry.
SUL'TRY, a. [G. schwul ; Sax. swolath, swole.] I. Very
hot, burning and oppressive. 2. Very hot and moist, or
hot, close, stagnant and unelastic.
SUM, n. [Fr. somme ,• G. summe ; D. som ; Dan. sum ; Sw ,
L. summa.] 1. The aggregate of two or more numbers,
magnitudes, quantities or particulars ; the amount or
whole of any number of individuals or particulars added.
2. A quantity of money or cuiTency ; any amount, indef-
initely. 3. Compendium ; abridgment ; the amount ; the
substance. 4. Height; completion.
SUM, V. t. 1. To add particulars into one whole ; to collect
two or more particular numbers into one number ; to cast
up. 2. To bring or collect into a small compass ; to com-
prise in a few words ; to condens**. — 3. In falconry, to
have feathers full grown ; [unusual.]
SU'MAC, ) n, (shu'mak) [Fr. sumi ch ; G. sumach ; D>.
Su'MACH, ) sumak.] A plant or shrub of the genus rhu-s^
of many species.
SUM'LESS, a. Not to be computed ; of which the amount
cannot be ascertained. Pope.
SUM'MA-RI-LY, adv. 1. In a summary manner ; briefly ;
concisely; in a narrow compass or in few Words. 2. In
a short way ormetliod. Ayliffe.
SUM'MA-RY, a. [Fr. sommaire.] Reduced into a narrow
compass, or into few words ; short ; brief; concise ; com-
pendious.
SUM'MA-RY, n. An abridged account ; an abstract, abridg-
ment or compendium, containing the sum or substance of
a fuller account.
SUMMED, pp. Collected into a total amount.
SUM'MER, 7?. One who casts up an account. Sherwood.
SUM'MER, 71. [Sax. sumer, sum or ; G., Dan. sommer ; D.
zorner ; Sw. sommar.] With us, the season of the year
comprehended in the months June, July and August;
during which time the sun, being north of the equator,
shines more directly upon this part of the earth, which,
together with the increased length of the days, rendejs
this the hottest period of the year.
SUM'MER, V. i. To pass the summer or warm season.
SUM'MER, V. t. To keep warm. [Little used.] Shak.
SUM'MER, n. [Fr. sommier.] 1. A large stone, the finst
that is laid over columns and pilasters, beginning to make
a cross vault. 2. A large timber supported on two stone
piers or posts, serving as a lintel to a door or window, &c.
Cyc. 3. A large tnnber or beam laid as a central floor-
timber, inserted into the girders, and receiving the ends
of the joists and supporting them.
SUM'MER-€oLT, n. The undulating state of the air near
the surface of the ground when heated.
SUM'MER-CY'PRESS, ji. A plant.
SUM'MER-FAL'LoW, n. Naked fallow ; land lying bare
of crops in summer.
SUM'MER-FAL'LoW, v. t. To plough and work repeat-
edly in summer, to prepare for wheat or other crop.
SUM'MER-HOUSE, n. 1. A house or apartment in a garden
to be used in summer. Pope. Watts. 2. A house forsum-
mcr's rGsidBPcc
^UM'MER-SET, n. [corruption of Fr. soubresaut.] A high
leap in which the heels are thrown over the head.
SUM'MER-WHeAT, 71. Spring wheat.
SUM'MING, p;)r. of sum. Adding together.
SUM'MIST, 71. One that forms an abridgment. [L. u.]
SUM'MIT, 71. [L. summitas, from summus,] 1. The top ;
the highest point. 2. The highest point or degree ; ut-
most elevation.
t SUM'MI-TY, 71. 1. The height or top of any thing. Swift.
2. The utmost degree ; perfection. Halhjwell.
SUM'MON, V. t. [L. suhmoneo ; Fr. sommer.] 1. To call,
cite or notify by authority to appear at a place specified,
or to attend in person to some public duty, or both. 2. To
give notice to a person to appear in court and defend. 3.
To call or command. 4. To call up ; to excite into action
or exertion ; with up.
SUM'MONED, pp. Admonished or warned by authority
to appear or attend to something ; called or cited by an
thority.
SUM'MON-ER, n. One who summons or cites.
SUM'MON-ING, ppr. Citing by authority.
SUM'MONS, V. with a plural termination, but used in the
singular number ; as, ?i summons is prepared. [1j. submo-
neas.] 1. A call by authority or the command of a su-
perior to appear at a place named, or to attend to some
public duty,— 2. In law, a warning or citation to appear
in court.
SU-MOOM',7z. A pestilential wind of Persia. " See Simoom.
SUMP, 77. 1. In metallurgy, a round pit of stone, lined with
clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. 2. A pond
of water reserved for salt-works. 3. A marsh ; a swamp ;
a bog. Brockett. — 4. In mining, a pit sunk below the bot-
tom of the mine.
SUMP'TER, n. [Fr. sommier ; It. somaro.] A horse that
carries clothes or furniture ; a baggage-horse. Shak.
t SUMP'TION, n. [L. sumo, sumptus.] A taking.
SUMPT'U-A-RY, a. [L. sumptuaritis ; Fr. somptuaire.] Re-
lating to expense. — Sumptuary lav/s are such as limit the
expenses of citizens in apparel, food, &c.
t SUMPT-U-OS'I-TY, 71. Expensiveness ; costliness.
* See Sympsis. A, S, T, O U, Y, long.— FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
SUP
809
SUP
i^UMPT'U-OUS, a. [ V. sumptuosus ; It. swnAuoso. \ Costly j
expensive ; hence, splendid ; magnificent.
SUMPT'U-OUS-LY, adv. Expensively ; splendidly. Swift.
SUMPT'U-OU-S-NESS, n. 1. Costliness 3 expensiveness
Boyle. 2. Splendor 3 magnificence.
SUN, ?i. [Sax. sunna ; Goth, sunno ; G. sonne ; D. zon.] 1.
The splendid orb or luminary which, being in or near the
centre of our system of worlds, gives light and heat to all
the planets. — 2. In popular usage, a sunny place ; a piace
where tlie beams of the sun fall. 3. Any thing eminently
splendid or luminous ; that which is the chief source of
light or honor. — 4. In Scripture, Christ is called the Sun of
righteousness, as the source of light, animation and com-
fort to his disciples. 5. The luminary or orb which con-
stitutes the centre of any system of worlds. — Under the
sun, in the world ; on earth ; a proverbial expression.
{SUN, V. t. To expose to the sun's rays ; to warm or dry in
the light of the sun 3 to insolate. Dryden.
SUN'BeAM, ?i. [swn and 6eam.] A ray of the sun.
SUN'BeAT, a. [citvi and beat.'] Struck by the sun's rays 3
shoue brightly on. Dryden.
SUN'-BRIGHT, a. [sun and bright.} Bright as the sun 3
like the sun in brightness. Milton.
SUN'-BURN, ?;.«. Todiscoloror scorch by the sun. Oauden.
SUN'-BURN-ING, n. The burning or tan occasioned by the
rays of the sun on the skin. Boyle.
SUN'BURNT, a. 1. Discolored by the heat or rays of the
sun ; tanned 3 darkened in hue. Dryden. 2. Scorched by
the sun's rays.
SUN'GLAD, a. Clad in radiance or brightness.
SUN'D AY, n. TSax. sunna-dag ; G.sonntag; B, zondag ;
Dan.s'jndag j Sw.sSndag ; so called because this day
was anciently dedicated to the sun, or to its worship.]
TJie Christian Sabbath 3 the first day of the week.
SUN'DER, V. f .^[Sax. sxindrian, syndrian ; G. sondem ; Dan.
soiider ; Sw. sondra.] 1. To part 5 to separate 3 to divide 3
to disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cut-
ting or breaking. 2. To expose to the sun 3 [provincial
in England.] -,
SUN'DER, 71. In sunder, in two. Ps. xlvi.
SUN'DERED, pp. Separated 3 divided 3 parted.
SUN'DER-ING,p?r. Parting ; separating.
SUN'-DEW, n. A plant of the genus drosera. Lee.
SUN'-Dl-AL, n. An instrument to show the time of day,
by means of the shadow of a style on a plate.
SUjN'DOWN, n. Sunset. TV. Irving. [^ word often used in
the United States.]
SUN'-DRlED, a. (sun and dry.] Dried in the rays of the
sun,
SUN'DRY, a. [Sax. sunder.] Several 3 divers 3 more than
one or two. Drydtn.
SUN'FISH, n. [sun and^sA.] 1. A name of the diodon, a
genus of fishes, 2. The basking sljark.
SUN'FLOW-ER, n. [sun and fioicer.] A plant 3 so called
from its habit of turning to the sun.
SUNG, ;)ret. and pp. of sin^. Pope,
SUNK, prct. and pp. of sink. Prior.
SUN'LESS, a. Destitute of the sun or its raj's 3 shaded.
SUN'LlGHT, n. The light of the sun. Milton.
SUN'LiKE, a. [sun and like.] Resembling the sun,
SUN'NY, a. 1. Like tlie sun 3 bright. 2, Proceeding from
the sun. Spender. 3. Exposed to the rays of the sun 3
wanned by the direct rays of the sun. 4. Colored by the
sun.
SUN'PROOF, a. Impervious to the rays of the sun.
SUN'RiSE, )n. [sun SLXid rise.] 1. The first appearance
SUN'RiS-ING, ^ of the sun above the horizon in the
morning 5 or the time of such appearance. 2. The east,
SUN'SET, ) 71. [sun and set.] Thedescent of the sun
SUN'SET-TING, \ below the horizon 3 or the time when
the sun sets 3 evening.
SUN'SHlNE, n. [sun and shine.] 1. The light of the sun,
or the place where it shines 3 tlie direct rays of the sun,
or tJie place where they fall. 2. A place warmed and il-
luminated 5 warmth 5 illumination.
SUN'SHTNE, )a. 1, Bright with the rays of the sun ; clear,
SUN'SHlN-Y, i warm or pleasant, 2. Bright like the sun.
SUP, v.t. [Sax. supan; B.zuipen; ¥r. souper.] To take
into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid 3 to take or drink
by a little at a time 3 to sip,
SUP, v. i. To eat the evening meal. Tobit.
\ SUP, V. t. To treat with supper. Shak.
SUP, n. A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth 3 a little
taken with the lips 5 a sip.
StJ'PER, a Latin preposition, Gr. vntp, signifies above, over,
excess. It is much used in composition.
Su'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. superabilis.] That may be over-
come or conquered.
SuTER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Thequality of being conquerable
or surmountable.
StJ'PER-A-BLY, adv. So as may be overcome.
SU-PER-A-BOUND', v. i. [super and aboimd.] To be very
abundant or exuberant ; to be more than sufficient.
SU-PER-A-BOUND'ING,ppr. Abounding beyond want cf
necessity 3 abundant to excess or a great degree.
SU-PER-A-BUND'ANCE, 71. More than enough ; excessive
abundance. Woodward.
SU-PER-A-BUND'ANT, a. Abounding to excess ; being
more than is sufficient. Swift.
SU-PER-A-BUND'ANT-LY, adv. More than sufficiently.
SU-PER-A-CID'U-LA-TED, a. Acidulated to excess.
SU-PER-ADD', V. t. [super and aad.] 1. To^dd over and
s been added,
nex something extrinsic.
above 3 to add to what has been add
2. To add or an
SU-PER-ADD' ED, pp. Added over and above.
SU-PER-ADD'ING, ppr. Adding over and above.
SU-PER-AD-Dl' TION, n. I. The act of adding to some
thing. 2. That which is added
SU-PER-AD-VE'NI-ENT, a. [L. 5Mp£radwc7wen.?.] ]. Com-
ing upon 5 coming to the increase or assistance of some-
thing. More. 2. Coming unexpectedly 3 [little used.]
SU-PER-AN-6EL'1C, a. Superior in natujse to the angels
SU-PER-AN'NU-ATE, v. t. [L. super and annus, a year.]
To impair or disqualify by old age and infirmity.
t SU-PER-AN'NU-ATE, v. i. To last beyond the year.
SU-PER-AN'NU-A-TED, pp. Impaired by old age.
SU-PER-AN-NU-A'TION, 71. The state of being too old
for office or business, or of being disqualified by old age,
SU-PERB', a, [Fr. superbe ; L. superbus.] 1. Grand 3 mag-
nificent. 2, Rich 5 elegant. 3. Showy 3 pompous. 4.
Rich 5 splendid. 5. August ; stately.
SU-PERB'-LIL-Y, n. A flower.
SU-PERB'LY, adv. In a magnificent or splendid mamrer 5
richly 3 elegantly.
STJ-PER-€XR'GO, n. An officer or person in a merchant's
ship, whose business is to manage the sales and superin-
tend all the commercial concerns of the voyage.
SU-PER-CE-LES'TIAL, a. [super and celestial.] Situated
above the firmament or great vault of heaven.
SU-PER-CHER'Y, n [An old word of French original.]
Deceit 3 cheating.
SU-PER-CILIA-RY, a [L. super and niium.] Situated or
being above the eyebrow. As. Res.
SU-PER-CIL'I-OUS, a. [L. superciliosus.] 1. Lofty with
pride 3 haughty 5 dictatorial 5 overbearing. 2. Manifest-
ing haughtiness, or proceeding from it 5 overbearing,
SU-PER-CIL'I-OUS-LY, adv. Haughtily 5 dogmatically 3
with an air of contempt. Clarendon.
SU-PER-CIL'I-OUS-NESS, n. Haughtiness 3 an overbearing
temper or manner.
SU-PER-€ON-CEP'TION, n. [super and conception.] A
conception after a former conception. Brown
t SU-PER-€ON'SE-aUENCE, 71. Remote consequence.
SU-PER-€RES'CENCE, n. rL. super and crescens.] That
which grows upon another growing thing. Brown.
SU-PER-CRES'CENT, a. Growing on some other growmg
thing. Johnson.
SU-PER-EM'I-NENCE, ) n. [L. super and emineo.] Emi-
SU-PER-EM'I-NEN-CY, ) nence superior to what is com-
mon 5 distinguished eminence.
SU-PER-EM'I-NENT, a. Eminent in a superior degree 3
surpassing othere in excellence.
SU-PER-EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a superior degree of ex-
cellence ; with unusual distinction.
SU-PER-ER'0-GANT, a. Supererogatorv, which see.
SU-PER-ER'O-GATE, v. i. [L. super and erogatio, erogo.]
To do more than duty requires. [L. u.] Qlanville,
SU-PER-ER-0-Ga'TION, 71, Performax.ce of more than
dutv requires, Tillntson.
* SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TiVE, a. Supererogatory. [L.u.] Staf-
ford.
* SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Performed to an extent not
enjoined or not required by duty, Howell.
SU-PER-ES-SEN'TIAL, a. [super and essential.] Essen-
tial above others, or above the constitution of a thing.
SU-PER-EX-ALT', v. t. To exalt to a superior degree.
SU-PER-EX-AL-TA'TION, n. [super and exaltation.] Ele-
vation above the common degree. Holiday.
SU-PER-EX'CEL-LENCE, n. Superior excellence,
SU-PER-EX'CEL-LENT, a. Excellent in an uncommon
degree 5 very excellent. Decay of Piety.
SU-PER-EX-CRES'CENCE, n. Something superfluously
growing. Wiseman.
SU-PER-FE-€UND'I-TY, n. Superabundant fecundity or
multiplication of the species. Paley.
SU-PER-Fk'TATE, v. I. [L. super and fcetus.] To conceive
after a prior conception. Grew.
STI-PER-FE-Ta'TION, 7). A second conception after a prior
one, and before the birth of the first, by which two fetuses
are growing at once in the same matrix,
Su'PER-FETE, v. i. To superfetate, [L. u.] Howell.
Su'PER-FETE, v. t. To conceive after a former conce^*-
tion, [Little used.] Howell.
Su'PER-FICE, 7». Superficies 5 surface, [Little used.]
SU-PER -Fi"CIAL, a [It, superficiale ; Sp, superficial ; Ir.
superficiel.] 1, Being on the surface 5 not penetrating l!,e
substance of a thing. 2. Composing the surface or exte-
* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK,DoVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 5 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as iu i^is f Obsoltie
SITP
810
SUP
rior part. ;>. Shallow; contrived to cover something. 4.
Shallow ; not deep or profound ; reaching or comprehend-
ing only what is obvious or apparent.
fc'U-PER-Fi-CI-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being superficial.
\JVot much used A Brown.
SU-PFH-Ft'CIAL-LY, adv. 1. On the surface only. 2.
f)i! ae surface or exterior part only ; without penetrating
the substance or essence. 3. Without going deep or
searching things to tlie bottom ; slightly.
SU-PER-Fi"CIAL-NESS, n. 1. Shallowness ; position on
the surface. 2. Slight knowledge ; shallowness of obser-
vation or learning ; show without substance,
KU-FER-FI"CIES, n. [L. from super and/acies.] The sur-
fcts:^ ; the exterior part of a thing. — A superficies consists
of length and breadth.
* Su'PEil-FlNE, a. [super and fine.} Very fine or most fine ;
surpassing others in fineness.
SU-P£R'FLU-ENCE, «. [L. super and /uo.] Superfluity;
more than is necessary. [Little used.] Hammond.
SU-PER-FLU'I-TANCE, /t. [L. super and. fiuito.] The act
of floating above or on the surface. [Little used.'] Brown.
SU-PER-FLtJ'I-TANT, a. Floating above or on the surface.
[Little used^] Brown.
SU-PER-FLU'I-TY, n. [Fr. superfluite ; It. superfluitd : L.
supei-fluitas.] 1. Superabundance ; a greater quantity than
is wanted. 2. Something that is beyond wliat is wanted ;
something rendered unnecessary by its al\undance.
SU-PER'FLU-OUS, a. [L. supcrfiuus.] 1. More than is
wanted ; rendered unnecessary by superabundance. 2.
More than sufficient ; unnecessary ; useless ; as, a com-
position abounding with superfluous words.
SU-PER'FLU-OUS-LF, adv. With excess ; in a degree be-
yond what is necessary.
SU-PER'FLU-OUS-NESS, n. Tlie state of being superflu-
ous or beyond what is wanted.
SU'PER-FLUX, n. [L. super and fiuxus.] That which is
more than is vt^anted. [Little used.] Shak.
^SU-PER-FO-LI-A'TION, n. Excess of foliation.
SU-PER-Hu'MAN, a. [super and human.] Above or be-
yond what is_ human , divine.
SU-PER-IM-PoSE', V. t. [super and impose.] To lay or im-
pose on somej;hing else. Xirwan.
SU-PER-IM-PoS'ED, (su-per-im-pozd') pp. Laid or imposed
on something. Humboldt.
SU-PER-IM-PoS'ING, ppr. Laving on something else.
iSU-PER-IM-PO-Sl"TION, n. The act of laying or the state
of being placed on something else. Kiruan.
SU-PER-IM-PREG-Na'TION, n. The act of impregnating
upon a prior impregnation ; impregnation when previously
impregnated.
SU-PER-IN-eUM'BENT, a. Lying on something else.
BU-PER-IN-DuCE', v. t. [super and induce.] To bring in or
upon as an addition to somethina.
SU-PER-IN-DU'CED, (su-per-in-dusf) pp. Induced or
brought uponsoraething.
SU-PER-IN-DU'CING, ppr. Inducing on something else.
SU-PER-IN-DU€'TION, n. The act of superinducing.
SU-PER-IN-JE€'TION, n. [super and injection.] An injec-
tion succeeding another. Diet.
SU-PER-IN-SPEGT', v.t. To oversee; to superintend.
SU-PER-IN-STI-TU'TION, n. One institution upon an-
other. Bailey.
SU-PER-IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL, a. Being above intellect.
SU-PER-IN-TEND', v. t. [super and intend.] To have or
exercise the chprge and oversight of; to oversee with the
power of direction ; to take care of with authoritv.
SU-PER-IN-TEND'ED, pp. Overseen ; taken care of.
SU-PER-IN-TEND'ENCE, ) n. The act of superintending ;
RU-PER-IN-TEND'EN-CY, \ care and oversight for the
purpose of direction, and with authority to direct.
SL7-PER-IN-TEND'ENT, 71. 1 . One who has the oversight
and charge of something, with tlie power of direction. 2
An ecclesiastical superior in some reformed churches.
SU-PER-IN-TEND'ENT, a. Overlooking others with au-
thority. Stillinirflcet.
SU-PER-IN-TEND'ING, ppr. Overseeing with the author-
ity to du-ect what shall be done.
SU-Pe'RI-OR, a. [L., Sp. , Fr. snpcrieur ; It. superiore.]
1. Higher ; upper ; more elevated in place. 2. Higher in
rank or office ; more exalted in dignity. 3. Higher or
greater in excellence ; surpassing others in the greatness,
goodness or value of any quality. 4. Being beyond the
power or influence of; too great "or firm to be subdued or
afl^ected by. — 5. In botany, a svperiorfloicer has the recep-
tacle of the flower above the germ.
SU-Pe'RI-OR, n. I. One who is more advanced in age. 2.
One who is more elevated in rank or office. .3. One who
surpasses others in dignity, excellence or qualities of any
kind. 4. The chief of a inonasteri', convent or abbey.
SU-PE-RI-OR'[-TY, n. Pre-eminence ; the quality of being
more advanced, or higher, greater or more excellent than
another in any respect.
STT-PER-La'TION, 7(. {'ij. sn-perlatio.] Exaltation ot any
thing beyond truth or propriety. B. Jonson.
SU-PER'LA-TlVE, o. [Fr. superlatif; L. superlativus.] I
Highest in degree ; most eminent ; surpassing all other*
2. Supreme. — 3. In grammar, expressing the highest or
utmost degree.
SU-PER'LA-TlVE, n. In grammar, the superlative degree
of adjectives.
SU-PER'LA-TlVE-LY, adv. 1. In a manner expressing
the utmost degree. 2. In the highest or utmost degree.
SU-PER'LA-TlVE-NESS, n. The state of being in the
highest degree.
SU-PER-'Lu'NAR, ) a. [L. super and luna.] Being above
SU-PER-Lu'NA-RY, \ the moon ; not sublunary or of this
world. Pope.
SU-PER-MUN'DANE, a. Being above the world.
SU-PER-NA€'U-LUM, n [super, and Germ, nagel.] Good
liquor, of which there is not even a drop left sufficient to
wet one's nail. Grose.
SU-PERIV'AL, «. [li. supernus.] 1. Bern g in a higher place
or region ; locally higher. 2. Relating to things above 3
celestial ; heavenly. Milton.
SU-PER-Na'TANT, a. [L.supernatans,supernatO.'] Swim
ming above : floating on the surface. Boyle.
SU-PER-NA-Ta'TION, n. The act of floating on the sur-
face of a fluid. Bacon.
SU-PER-NAT U-RAL, a. [super and natural.] Being be-
yond or exceeding the powers cr laws of nature j miracu-
lous.
SU-PER-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner exceeding the
established course or laws of nature.
SU-PER-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. The state or quality of
being beyond the power or ordinary laws of nature.
SLT-PER-NtJ'MER-A-RY, a. [Fr. sup ernumer aire.] 1. Ex-
ceeding the number stated or prescribed. 2. Exceeding a
necessary, a usual or a round number. Jlddison.
SU-PER-NtJ'MER-A-RY, n. A person or thing beyond the
number stated, or beyond what is necessary or usual.
SU-PER-PAR-TI€'U-LAR, a. [super a.nA particular.] Not-
ing a ratio when the excess of the greater term is a unit.
SU-PER-PAR'TIENT, a. Noting a ratio when the excess of
the greater term is more than a unit.
t Su'PER-PLANT, 7!. [super and plant.] A plant growing
on another plant, as the misletoe. Bacon.
SU-PER-PLUS'AGE, n. [1j. super a.ni plus.] That which is
more than enoueh ; excess. Fell.
t SU-PER-PON'DER-ATE, v. t. To weigh over and above.
SU-PER-PoSE', V. t. [super, and Yt. poser.] To lay upon,
as one kind of rock on another.
SCJ-PER-POS'ED, (su-per-pozd') pp. Laid or being upon
something. Humboldt.
SU-PER-PoS'lNG, ;);>r. Placing upon something.
SU-PER-PO-Sl"TION, 71. 1. A placing above; a lying or
being situated above or upon something. 2. That which
is situated above or upon something else.
StJ'PER-PRAlSE, V. t. To praise to excess.
SU-PER-PRO-PoR'TION, n. Overplus of proportion.
SU-PER-PUR-Ga'TION, 71. [super and purgation.] More
purgation tlian is sufficient. Wiseman.
SU-PER-RE-FLE€'TI0N, n. [super and reflection.] The
reflection of an image reflected. Bacon.
SU-PERRE-WARD', v. t. To reward to excess. Bacon.
SU-PER-ROY'AL, a. [super and royal.] Larger than royal ;
denoting the largest species of printing paper.
SU-PER-Sa'LI-EN-CY, n. [L. super and salio.] The act of
leaping on anv thing. [Little used.] Brown.
SU-PER-Sa'LI-ENT, a. Leaping upon.
SuTER-SALT, n. In chemistry, a salt with an excess of
acid, as supertartrate of potash. Cyc.
SU-PER-SAT'U-RATE, v. t [L. super and saturo.] To
saturate to excess. Chemistry.
SU-PER-SAT'U-RA-TED, pp. Saturated to excess.
SU-PER-SAT'U-RA-TING, ppr. Saturating to excess.
SU-PER-SAT-U-Ra'TION, n. The operation of saturating
to excess ; or the state of being thus saturated.
SU-PER-S€RlBE', v. t. [L. super and scribo.] To write or
engrave on the top, outside or surface ; or to write the
name or address of one on the outside or cover.
SU-PER-S€RlB'ED, (su-per-skribd') ?!p. Inscribed on the
outside.
SU-PER-S€RlB'ING, ppr. Inscribing, writing or engraving
on the outside, or on the top.
SU-PER-SORIP'TION, n. 1. The act of superscribing. 2.
That which is written or engraved on the outside. 3. An
impreasion of letters on coins. Matt. xxii.
SU-PER-SE€'U-LAR, ff. [super d^A secular.] Being above
the world_or secular things.
SU-PER-SeDE', 7J. t. [L. super sedco. ]' 1. To make void,
inefficacious or useless by superior power, or by coming
in the place of; to set aside ; to render unnecessary ; to
suspend. 2. To come or be placed in the room of; hence,
to displac_e or render unnecessary.
SU-PER-Se'DE-AS, 71. In law, a wnX oi supersedeas is a
writ or command to suspend the powers of an officer in
certain cases, or to stay proceedings.
See Synopds. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.—T^AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j— PlN, MARINE, BtRD;— j Obsolete.
SUP
;ii
&UP
SU-PKR-SeD'ED, pp. Made void ; rendered unnecessary
or inefficacious ; displaced ; suspended.
SU PER-SeD'ING, ppr. Coming in the place of; setting
aside ; rendering useless ; displacing ; suspending.
SU-PER-SEIKURE, n. The act of superseding; as, the
«iper5ei«re of trial by jury. [JVew.] Hamilton, Fed.
tSU-PER-SERV'iCE-A-BLE, a. [super and serviceable.]
Over-officious ; doing more than is required or desired.
Share.
SU-PER-STi"TIO]\, n. [Fr.; L. superstitio.] 1. Excessive
exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice ; ex-
cess or extraveigance in religion ; the doing of things not
required by God, or abstaining from things not forbidden ;
or the belief of what is absurd , or belief without evidence.
2. False religion ; false worship. 3. Rite or practice pro-
ceeding from excess of scruples in religion. 4. Excessive
nicety ; scrupulous exactness, 5. Belief in the direct
agency of superior powers in certain extraordinary or
singular events, or in omens and prognostics.
SU-P£R-STl"T10N-IST, n. One addicted to superstition.
SU-PER-STl''TIOUS, a. [Fr. superstitieux ; L. supersti-
tivi:.ts.] 1. Over-scrupulous and rigid in religious obser-
vances ; addicted to superstition ; full of idle fancies and
scruples in regard to religion. 2. Proceeding from super-
stition ; manifesting superstition. 3. Over-exact ; scrupu-
lous beyond need.
6U-PER-rfTi"T10US-LY, adv. 1. In a superstitious man-
ner. 2. With too much care ; with excessive exactness
or scruple. 3. With extreme credulity in regard to the
agency of superior beings in extraordinary events.
Sij-P£a-STl"TIOUS-NESS, n. Superstition.
BU-PER-STRaIN', v. t. To overstrain or stretch. [Little
used.] Bacon.
SU-PER-STRa'TUM, 71. [super and stratum.] A stratum
or layer above anotlier, or resting on something else.
SU-PER-STRU€T', v. t. [L. sup^struo.] To build upon ;
to erect. [Little tised.] Decay of Piety.
SU-PER-STRU€'TI0N, n. An edifice erected on some-
thing.
.Srj-PER-STRU€T'rVE, a. Built on something else.
yCr-PER-STRU€T'URE, n. 1. Any structure or edifice
built on something else; particularly, the building raised
oil a foundation. 2. Any thing erected on a foundation or
basis.
SU-PER-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. [super and substantial.]
^lore than substantial ; being more than substance. Cyc.
STJ-PER-SUB'TLB, (su-per-sut'tl) a. Over-subtle. Shak.
SU-PER-SUL'PHATE, n. Sulphate with an excess of acid.
yL'-PER-SUL'PHU-RET-ED, a. Combined with an excess
of sulphur. Aikin.
SU-PER-TER-ReNE', a. [sniper a.ni terrene.] Being above
around, or above the earth. Hill.
SU-PER-TER-RES'TRI-AL, a. Being above the earth, or
above what belongs to the earth. Buckminster.
SU-PER-TON'I€, 71. In music, the note next above the
key-note. Busby.
SU-PER-TRA6'I-€AL, a. Tragical to excess. Warton.
SU-PER-VA-€a'NE-OUS, a. [L. supercacaneus.] Super-
fluous ; unnecessary ; needless ; serving no purpose.
SU-PER-VA-Ca'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Needlessly.
SU-PER-VA-€a'NE-OUS-NESS, 71. Needlessness. Bailey.
SU-PER-VeNE', v. i. [L. supervenio.] 1. To come upon as
something extraneous. 2. To come upon ; to happen to.
SU-PER-Ve'NI-ENT, a. Coming upon as something addi-
tional or extraneous. Hammond.
SU-PER-VEN'TION, 71. The act of supervening.
SU-PER-Vl'SAL, I n. The act of overseeing ; inspection ;
SU-PER-Vi';;SION, ] superintendence.
t SU-PER-yiSE', 71. Inspection. Shak.
SU-PER-VlSE% V. t. [L. super and visus.] To oversee ; to
superintend ; to inspect.
SU-PER-Vi'SED, (su-per-vizd') pp. Inspected.
SU-PER-ViS'ING, 2>pr. Overseeing; inspecting.
SU-PER-Vl'SOR, 71. An overseer ; an inspector ; a super-
intendent^. Dryden.
SU-PER-ViVE', V. t. [L. super and vivo.] To live beyond ;
to outlive. [Little u^ed.] See Survive.
SU-PI-Na'TION, 71. [L. s7ipino.] 1. The act of lying or
state of being laid with the face upward. 2. The act of
turningtne palm of the hand upwards.
SU-PI-Na'TOR, 7!. In anatomy, a muscle that turns the
palm of the hand upward.
SU-PiXE', a. [L. supimis.] 1. Lying on the back, or with
the face upward; opposed to prone. 2. Leaning back-
ward ; or inclining with exposure to the sun. 3. Negli-
gent ; heedless ; indolent ; thoughtless ; inattentive.
SU'PINE, n. [L. supinum.] In srammar, a word formed
from a verb, or a modification of a verb.
SU-PINE'LY, adv. 1. With the face upward. 2. Careless-
ly ; indolently : drowsily ; in a heedless, thoughtless state.
SU-PINE'NESS, n. 1. A lying with the face "upward. 2.
Indolence ; drowsiness ; heedlessness.
fSU-PIN'I-TY, for supineness.
TSUP'PAGE, 71. What may be supped ; pottage. Hooker.
jSUP-PAL-PA'TlON, n. [L. snppalpor.] The act of en
ticing by soft words. Hall.
t SUP-PAR-AS-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. suiTurasitM-.j The act
of flattering merely to gain favor. Hall.
SUP-PAR' A-SITE, v. t. [L. supparasitor.] To flatter ; to
cajole. Dr. Clarke.
SUP-PE-Da'NE-OUS, a. [L. svM and pes.] Being under the
feet. Brown.
t SUP-PED'I-TATE, v. t. [L. suppedito.] To supply.
SUP-PED-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. suppeditatio.] Supply ; aid
aflbrded. [Little v^ed.] Bacon.
SUP'PER, n. [Fr. souper.] The evening meal.
SUP'PER-LESS, a. Wanting supper; being without sup-
per.
SUP-PLANT', V. t. [Fr. si^pplanter ; L. supplanto.] 1. To
trip up the heels. 2. To remove or displace by stratagem ;
or to displace and take the place of. 3. To overthrow ; to
undermine.
SUP-PLAN-Ta'TION, n The act of supplanting.
SUP-PLANT'ED, pp. Tripped up ; displaced.
SUP-PLANT'FK, n. One that supplants.
SUP-PLANT'ING, pvr. I iisplacing by artifice.
SLT'PLE, a. [Fr. soiiple.] 1. Pliant ; flexible ; easily bent ,
as, supple joints. 2. Yielding ; compliant ; not obstinate
3. Bending to the humor of others ; flattering ; fawning
4. That makes pliant. Shak.
SUP'PLE, V. t. 1. To make soft and pliant ; to render flex
ible. 2. To make compliant.
SUP'PLE, V. i. To become soft and pliant. Dryden.
SUP'PLED, pp. Made soft and pliant ; made compliant.
SUP'PLE-LY, adv. Softly ; pliantly ; mildly. Cotgrdve.
SUP'PLe-MENT, 71. [Fr.; L. supplementum.] 1. An addi-
tion to any thing by which its defects are supplied, and it
is made more full and complete. 2. Store ; supplv ; [obs.]
— 3. In trigonomdry, the quantity by which an arc or an
angle falls short of 180 degrees or a semicircle.
SUP-PLe-MENT'AL, ) a. Additional ; added to supply
SUP-PLe-MENT'A-RY, \ what is wanted.
SUP'PLE-NESS, n. 1. Pliancy; pliableness ; flexibility;
the quality of being easily bent. 2. Readiness of compli-
ance ; _the quality of easily yielding ; facility.
SUP'PLe-TO-RY, a. [from L. suppleo.] Supplying defi-
ciencies. Blackstone.
SUP'PLe-TO-RY, n. That which is to supply what is
wanted. Hammond.
fSUP-PLI'AL, 7!. The act of supplying. Warburton. ■
fSUP-PLl'ANCE, 7J. Continuance. Shak.
SUP'PLI-ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Entreating ; beseeching ; sup-
plicating ; asking earnestly and submissively. 2. Mani-
festing entreaty ; expressive of humble supplication.
SUP'PLI-ANT, 7(. A humble petitioner; one who entreats
submissively. Dryden.
SUP'PLI-ANT-LY, adv. In a suppliant or submissive man-
ner.
SUP'PLI-€ANT, a. [L. supplicans.] Entreating; asking
submissively. Bp. Bull.
SUP PLI-CANT, n. One that entreats ; a petitioner who
asks earnestly and submissively. Rogers
SUP'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [L. siipplico.] 1. To entreat for; to
seek by earnest prayer. 2. To address in prayer.
SUP'PLI-€ATE, v. i. To entreat ; to beseech ; to implore ;
to petition with earnestness and submission.
SUJ>-PL1-€a'TI0N, 7!. [Fr.; h. s2ipplicatio.] 1. Entreaty;
humble and earnest prayer in worship. 2. Petition ;
earnest request. — 3. In Roman antiquity, a religious so-
lemnity observed in consequence of some military suc-
SUP'PLI-€A-T0-RY, a. Containing supplication; hum-
ble ; submissive. Johnson.
SUP-PLl'ED, (sup-plide ) pp. [from supply.] Fully furnish-
ed ; having a sufficiencv.
SUP-PLrER, 71. He that'supplies.
SLT-PLY', v. t. [L. suppleo : Fr. suppleer ; Sp. s^ipUr ,
It. supplire.] 1. lo fill up, as any deficiency happens ; to
furnish what is wanted ; to aflbrd or furnish a sutficiency.
2. To serve instead of. 3. To give ; to bring or furnish.
4. To fill vacant room. 5. To fill. — 6. In general, to fur-
nish ; to give or afford what is wanted.
SUP-PLY', /(. Sufficiency for wants given or furnished.
SUP-PLY'ING, ppr. Yielding or furnishing what is wanted ,
affording a sufficiency
t SUP-PLY'MENT, ?'. A furnishing. Shak.
SUP-PoRT', V. t. [Fr. supporter ; It. sopportare ; L. sup-
purto.] 1. To bear ; to sustain ; to uphold. 2. To endure
without being overcome. 3. To bear ; to endure. 4. To
sustain ; to keep from fainting or sinking. 5. To sustain ;
to act or represent well. 6. To bear ; to supply funds for
or the means of continuing. 7. To sustain ; ta carry on
8. To maintain with provisions and the necessary means
of living. 9. To maintain ; to sustain ; to keep from
failing. 10. To sustain without change or dissolution.
11. To bear ; to keep fiom sinking. 12. To bear without
being exhausted ; to be able to pay. 13. To sustain; to
maintain. 14. To maintain ; to verify ; to make good ; to
' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— P-I. LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SlI ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
SUP
S12
StJR
sJibslauJiiile. 15. To uphold by aid or countenance. 16.
To vinuicsite ; to maintain ; to defend successfully.
SUP-PORT', n. 1. The act or operation of upholding or sus-
taining. 2. That which upholds, sustains or keeps from
falling, as a prop, a pillar^ a foundation of any kind. 3.
"i'hat which maintains life. 4. Maintenance 3 subsist-
ence. 5. Maintenance ; an upholding ; continuance in
any state, or preservation from failing, sinking or failing.
— 6. In general, the maintenance or sustaining of any
thing without suffering it to fail, decline or languish. 7.
Thai which upholds or relieves 3 aid ; help ; succor ; as-
sistance.
SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be upheld or sus-
tained 2. That may be borne or endured. 3. Tolerable ;
that may be borne without resistance or punishment. 4.
That can be maintained.
STiP-FoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being tolerable.
t SUP-PoRT'ANCE, 7t. Maintenance ; support.
t SUP-PORT -A 'TION, 71. Maintenance 5 support.
SUP-PoRT'ED, pp. Borne ; endured ; upheld ; maintained ;
subsisted ; sustained ; carried on.
SUP-PoRT'ER, n. 1. One that supports or maintains. 2.
That which supports or upholds ; a prop, a pillar, &c. 3.
Asustamer^ a comforter. 4. Amaintainer3 a defender.
5. One who maintains or helps to carry on. 6. An advo-
cate ; a defender ; a vindicator. 7. An adherent ; one
who takes part. — 8. -In skip-bmlding, a knee placed under
tJie cat-head.— 9. Supporters, in heraldry, are figures of
beasts that appear to support the arms. Johnson.
t SUP-PoRT'FUL, a. Abounding with support.
SUP-PoRT'ING, ppr. Bearing ; enduring ; upholding 3
sustaining 3 maintaining 3 subsisting 3 vindicating.
SUP-PoRT'LESS, a. Having no support.
t SUP-PoRT'MENT, n. Support. Wotton.
SUP-PO'SA-BLE, a. [from suppose.] That may be suppo-
sed 3 that may be imagined to exist.
f SUP-Po'SAL, n. [from suppose.] Position without proof 3
the imagining of something to exist 3 supposition.
SUP-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. supposer ; L. suppositus.] 1. To lay
down or state as a proposition or fact that may exist or be
true, tlioiish not known or believed to be true or to exist 3
or to imiii'ine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument
or illustration. 2. To imagine 3 to believe 3 to receive as
true. 3. To imagine 3 to thmk. 4. To require to exist or
be true. 5. To put one thing by fraud in the place of
anothej 3 [obs.]
t PUP-PoSE', n. Supposition 5 position without proof. •
SUP-PoS'ED, (sup-pozd') pp. Laid down or imagined as
true 3_ imagined 3 believed 3 received as true.
SUP-PoS'ER, 71. One who supposes. Sliak.
SUP-PoS'IiVG, ppr. Laying down or imagining to exist or
be true 3 imagining ; receiving as true.
SUP-PO-Si 'TION, n. 1. The act of laying down, imagin-
ing or admitting as true or existing, what is known not
to be true, or what is not proved. 2. Tlae position of
something Icnown not to be true or not proved 3 hypothe-
sis. 3. Imagination 3 belief without full evidence.
PUP-PO-Sl"T[ON-AL, a. Hypothetical. South.
SUP-POS-I-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. supposititius.] Put by trick
in tlie place belonging to another 5 not genuine.
SUP-POS-I-Tl"TIOUS-LY, adv. By supposition. Sir T.
Herbert.
SUP-POS-r-Ti"TIOUS-NESS, 7i. The state of being sup-
posititious.
SUP-POS'I-TiVE, a. Supposed 3 including or implying
supposition. Chilling id or th.
SUP-POS'I-TiVE, n. A word denoting or implying suppo-
.sition. Harris.
SUP-POS'I-TIVE-LY, adv. With, by or upon supposition.
SUP-POS'l-TO-RY, 71. [Fr. sappositoire.] In medicine, a
long cylindrical body introduced into tJie rectum to pro-
cure stools when clysters cannot be administered.
SUP-PRESS', 7). t. [L. suppressus.] 1. To overpower and
crush J to subdue 5 to destroy. 2. To keep in 3 to restrain
from utterance or vent. 3. To retain without disclosure 3
to conceal 5 not to tell or reveal. 4. To retain without
communication or making public. 5. To stifle 3 to stop 3
to hinder from circulation. 6. To stop 5 to restrain 3 to
obstruct from discharges.
SUP- PRESSED, (sup-presf) -pp. Crushed 3 destroyed 5 re-
tained 3 concealed 3 stopped 3 obstructed.
SUP-PRESS'ING, ppr. Subduing 3 destroying 3 retaining
closely 5 concealing ; obstructing.
SUP-PRES'SIO\, V. [Fr.5 L. supprcssio.] 1. The act of
suppressing, crushing or destroying. 2. The act of re-
taining from utterance, vent or disclosure 3 concealment.
3. The retaining of any thing from public notice. 4. The
stoppage, obstruction or morbid retention of discharges. —
5. In grammar or composition, omission.
SUP-PRESS'lVE, a. Tending to suppress 3 subduing 3 con-
cealing. Seward.
SUP-PRESS'OR, 71. One that suppresses 3 one that subdues 3
one that prevents utterance or disclosure.
SUP PU-RATE, V. i. [L. suppuro.] To generate pus.
SUP'PU-RATE, V. t. To cause to suppurate Afbutknot.
SUP'FJ-RA-TING, ppr. Generating pus.
SUP-PU-Ra'TION, n. [Fr.3 L. suppiiratio.'. 1 The process
of generating purulent matter, or of formmg pus. as m a
wound or abscess. 2. The matter generated by suppura-
tion.
SUP'PU-RA-TlVE, a. [Fr. suppuratif.] Tending to sup-
purate 3 promoting suppuration.
SUP'PU-RA-TIV£, n. A medicine that promotes suppura-
tion.
SUP-PU-Ta'TION, 71. [L. supputatio.] Reckoning; ac-
count 3_ computation Holder.
t SUP-PuTE', V. t. [L. supputo.] To reckon ; to compute.
Su'PRA, a Latin preposition, signifying above, over or be-
yond.
SU-PRA-AX'IL-LA-RY, a. [supra and axil.] In botany,
growing above the axil 3 inserted above the axil.
SU-PRA-CIL'IA-RY, a. [L. supra and cilium.] Situated
above the eyebrow. Ure.
SU-PRA-DE-eOM'POUND, a. [supra and decompound.]
More than decompound 3 thrice compound.
SU-PRA-FO-LI-a'OEOUS, a. [L. sujyra ani folium.] In
botany, inserted into the stem above the leaf or petiole, or
axil.
SU-PRA-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, I a. [L. supra and lapsus.] An
SU-PRA-LAP'SA-RY, \ tecedent to the apostasy of
Adam.
SU-PRA-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, n. One who maintains that God,
antecedent to the fall of man or any knowledge of it, de-
creed the apostasy and all its consequences, determining
to save some and condemn others, and that in all he does
he considers his own glory only.
SU-PRA-MUN'DANE, a. [L. supra and mwidus.] Being or
situated above the world or above our system.
SU-PRA-ORB'I-TAL, a. [supra and orbit.] Being above
the orbit of the eye.
SU-PRA-Re'NAL, a. [L. supra and ren, renes.] Situated
above tiie kidneys.
SU-PRA-SOAP'U-LA-RY, a. [L. supra and scapula.] Be-
ing above the scapula.
SU-PRA-VUL'GAR, a. [supra and vulgar.] Being above
the vulgar or common people. Collier.
SU-PREM'A-CY, n. State of being supreme or in the
highejt station of power 3 highest authority or power.
SU-PReME', a. [L. supremus ; Fr. supreme.] 1. Highest in
authority 3 holding the highest place in government or
power. 2. Highest, greatest or most excellent. 3. It is
sometimes used in a bad sense.
SU-PReME'LY, a<^w. 1. With the highest authority. 2. in
the highest degree 5 to the utmost extent.
SUR, a prefix, from the French, contracted from L. super,
supra, sisnifies over, above^ beyond, upon.
t SUR-AD-Dl"TION, n. [Fr. sur and addition.] Some-
_thing added to the name. Shak.
Su'RAL, a. [L. sura.] Being in or pertaining to the calf of
the leg 5 as the sural artery. Wiseman.
fSU'RANCE, for assurance. Shak.
SUR'BASE, n. A border or molding above the base.
SUR'BaSED, a. Having a surbase.
SUR-BaTE', v. t. [It. sobattere.] 1. To bruise or batter the
feet by travel. 2. To harass 3 to fatigue.
SUR-BaT'ED, pp. Bruised in the feet 3 harassed 3 fatigued.
SUR-B^T'ING, japr. Bruising the feet of 3 fatiguing.
fSUR-BEAT', or SUR-BET', for surbate.
SUR-BED', 7'. t. To set edgewise, as a stone 5 that is, in a
position different from that which it had in the quarry.
SUR-CeASE', v. i. [Fr. sur and cesser.] 1. To cease 3 to
stop 3 to be at an end. 2. To leave ofi"3 to practice no
longer ; to refrain finally 5 [a word nearly obsolete.] Harte,
fSUR-CEASE', 75. t. To stop 3 to cause to cease.
jsUR-CiSASE', 71. Cessation 3 stop.
SUR-CHAR6E', V. t. [Fr. surcharser.] 1. To overload 3 to
overburden. — 2. In laic, to overstock 3 to put more cattle
into a common than the person iias a right to do, or more
tlian the herbage will sustain.
SUR-CHaRGE, 71. An excessive load or burden 3 a load
greater than can be well borne. Bacon.
SUR-CHARG'ED, (sur-charjd') pp. Overloaded 3 over-
stocked.
SUR-CHARG'ER, n. One that overloads or overstocks.
SUR-CHARG'ING, ppr. Overloading 3 burdening to excess 3
overstocking witn cattle or beasts.
SURCIN-GLE, 71. [Fr. sur, and L. cingulum.] 1. A belt,
band or girth which passes over a saddle, or over any
thing laid on a horse's back, to bind it fast. 2. The girdle
of a cassoc.
SUR'CIN-GLED, a. Ght 3 bound with a surcingle.
SUR 'CLE, 71, [L. surculus.] A little shoot 3 a twig 3 a
sucker.
SUR'CoAT, n. [Fr. sur, and Eng. coat.] A short coat worn
over the other clothes. Camden.
t SUR'CREW, 77. Additional crew or collection.
t SUR'CU-LATE, v. t. [L. surculo.] To prune.
t SUR-€U-La'TION, 71. The act of pruning Brown.
s. A, E, T, 5, V, -V, long.—FA^, FALL, WHAT 5— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BlRD -,- t Obsolete
SUR
813
SUR
SURD, a. \Li. surdus.'] 1. Deaf; not having the sense of
hearing ; [oJs.] 2. Unheard ; {ohs.'\ 3. Designating a
quantity whose root cannot be exactly expressed in num-
bers.
SURD, n. In algebra, a quantity whose root cannot be ex-
actly expressed in numbers.
t SURD'I-TY, 11. Deafness.
SURD'-NUM-BER, n. A number that is incommensurate
with unity.
.SURE, (shiire) a. [Fr. siir, seur ; Arm. sur; Norm, seor,
seur.] 1. Certain; unfailing; infallible. 2. Certainly
knowing, or having full confidence. 3. Certain ; safe ;
firm ; permanent. 4. Firm ; stable ; steady ; not liable to
failure, loss or change. 2 Sam. xxiii. JVeh. ix. 5. Certain
of obtaining or of retaining. 6. Strong ; secure ; not lia-
ble to be broken or disturbed. 7. Certain ; not liable to
failure. — To be sure, or be sure, certainly. — To make sure,
to make certain ; to secure so that there can be no failure
of the purpose or object.
SURE, (shure) adv. Certainly ; without doubt : doubtless.
SURE-FOOT'ED, a. Not liable to stumble or fall.
SuRE'Ll?,' (shure'ly) adv. 1. Certainly ; infallibly ; un-
doubtedly. South. 2. Firmly ; without danger of falling.
SuRE'NESS, (shure'nes) n. Certainty. [L. a.] V/oodward.
SuRE'TI-SHIP, (shurete-ship) n. The state of being sure-
ty ; tlie obligation of a person to answer for another.
SuRE'TY, (shure'ty) n. [Fr. surete.] 1. Certainty ; indu-
bitableness. 2. Security ; safety. 3. Foundation of sta-
bility ; support. 4. Evidence ; ratification ; confirmation.
5. Security against loss or damage ; security for payment.
— 6. In law, one that is bound with and for another ; a
bondsman ; a bail. 7. A hostage.
SURF, 71. I. The swell of the sea which breaks upon the
shore, or upon sand-banks or rocks. — 2. In agriculture, the
bottom or conduit of a drain ; [local^
SUR'FACE, n. [Fr. sur and face.] The exterior part of
any thing that has length and breadth ; one of the limits
that terminates a solid ; the superficies ; outside.
SURFEIT, (sur'fit) v. t. \¥x. sur y.nA fair e, fait.] 1. To
feed with meat or drink so as to oppress the stomach and
derange the functions of the system; to overfeed and pro-
duce sickness or uneasiness. 2. To cloy ; to fill to satiety
and disgust.
SUR'FElT, V. i. To be fed till the system is oppressed, and
sickness or uneasiness ensues. Shak.
SUR'FElT, n. 1. Fullness and oppression of the system,
occasioned by excessive eating and drinking. 2. Excess
in eating and drinking. Shak.
SUR'FEiT-ED, pp. Surcharged and oppressed with eating
and drinking to excess ; cloyed.
SUR'FEiT-ER, n. One who riots ; a glutton. Shak.
SUR'FEiT-ING, ppr. Oppressing the system by excessive
eating and drinking ; cloying ; filling to disgust.
SUR'FEIT-ING, n. The act of feeding to excess ; gluttony.
SUR'FElT-WA-TER, n. [surfeit and water.] Water for
the cure of surfeits. Locke.
SURGE, n. [L surgo, to rise.] 1. A large wave or billow ;
a great rolling swell of water.— 2. In ship-building, the
tapered part in front of the whelps, between the chocks
of a capstan, on which the messenger may surge.
SURGE, V. t. To let go a portion of a rope suddenly.
SyRGE, V. i. i. To swell ; to rise high and roll, as waves.
Spenser. 2. To slip back ; as, the cable surges.
SURGE'LESS, (surj'les) a. Free from surges ; smooth ;
calm.
SUR'GEON, (sur'jun) n. [contracted from chirurgeon.] One
whose profession or occupation is to cure external dis-
eases or injuries of the body by manual operation or by
medicines.
SUR'GER-Y, n. The act of healing external diseases and
injuries of the body by manual operation or by medi-
cines.
SUR'GI-€AL, a. Pertaining to surgeons or surgery ; done
by means of surgery.
SUR'GING, ppr. Swelling and rolling, as billows.
SUR'GY, a. Rising in surges or billows ; full of surges.
Su'RI-CATE, n. An animal like the ichneumon.
SUR'LI-LY, adv. In a surly, morose manner.
SUR'LI-NESS, 71. Gloomy moroseness ; crabbed ill-nature.
t SUR'LING, n. A sour, morose fellow. Camden.
SUR'LY, a. [W. swr.] 1. Gloomily morose ; crabbed ;
snarling ; sternly soai ; rough ; cross and rude. 2. Rough ;
dark; tempestuous.
f SUR-Mi'SAL, n. Surmise.
SUR-MlSE', V. t. [Norm, surmys, surmitter.] To suspect ;
to imagine without certain knowledge ; to entertain
thoughts that something does or will exist, but upon slight
evidence.
SUR-MlSE', n. Suspicion ; the thought or imagination that
something may be, of which, however, there is no certain
or strong evidence.
SUR-MlS'ED, (sur-mlzd') pp. Suspected ; imagined upon
slight evidence.
SUR-MIS'ER, n. One who surmises.
SUR-MiS'ING, ppr. Suspecting ; imagining upon slight
evidence.
SUR-MIS'ING, n. The act of suspecting; surmise.
SUR-MOUNT', V. t. [Fr. surmouter.] 1. To rise above
2. To conquer ; to overcome. 3. To surpass ; to exceed
SUR-MOUNT'A-BEE, a. That may be overcome ; super-
able.
SUR-MOUNT'ED, pp. Overcome ; conquered ; surpassed
SUR-MOUNT'ER, 7i. One that surmounts.
SUR-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Rising above ; overcoming.
SUR-MUL'LET, 7/.. A fish of the genus r/iuZZws.
SUR'^MU-LOT, n. A name of the Norway rat.
SURNAME, 7i. [Fr. surnom ; It. sopramiome ; Sp. sabre-
iiombre ; L. super and nomen.] 1. An additional name ; a
name or appellation added to the baptismal or Christian
name, and which becomes a family name. 2. An appella-
tion added to the original name.
SUR-NaME', v. t. [Fr. surnommer.] To name or call by an
appellation added to the original name.
SUR-NaM'ED, (sur-namd') pp. Called by a name added to
the Christian or original name.
SUR-NaM'ING, ppr. Naming by an appellation added to
the original name.
SUR-OX'YD, 71. [sur and oxyd.] That which contains an
addition of oxyd. [Little used.]'
SUR-OX'Y-DATE, v. t. To form a suroxyd. [Little vsed.]
SUR-PASS', v.t. [Fr. S2irpasser.] To exceed; to excel;
to go beyond in any thing, good or bad.
SUR-PaSS'A-BLE, a. That may he exceeded. Diet.
SUR-PaSS'ED, (sur-pasf) pp. Exceeded ; excelled.
SUR-PA&S'ING, ppr. 1. Exceeding ; going beyond. 2. a
Excellent in an eminent degree ; exceeding others.
SUR-PASS'ING-LY, adv. In a very excellent manner ; or
ill a degree surpassing others.
SUR'PLlCE, (sur'plis) n. [Fr. surplis ,■ Sp. sobrepelliz.] A
white garment worn by clergymen of some denominations
over their other dress, in their ministrations.
SUR'PLICED, a. Wearing a surplice. Jilailet.
SUR'PLiCE-FEES, n. [siirplice and fees.] Fees paid to
the clergy for occasional duties. Warton.
SUR'PLUS, 71. [Fr. sur and plus; Li.plus.] 1. Overplus ; that
which remains when use is satisfied ; excess beyond whal
is prescribed or wanted. — 2. In law, the residuum of an
estate, after the debts and legacies are paid.
* SUR-PLUS'AGE, n. 1. Surplus.— 2. In laze, something in
the pleadings or proceedings not necessary or relevant tc
the case, and which may be rejected. — 3. In accounts, a
greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant
amounts to. Ree^.
SUR-PRl'SAL, (sur-pri'zal) n. The act of surprising or
coming upon suddenly and unexpectedly ; or the state of
being taken unawares.
SUR-PRlSE', v. t. [Fr.] 1. To come or fall upon suddenly
and unexpectedly ; to take unawares. 2. To strike with
wonder or astonishment. 3. To confuse ; to throw the
mind into disorder by something suddenly presented to
the view or to the mind.
SUR-PRlSE', 71. 1. The act of coming upon unawares, or
of taking suddenly and without preparation. 2. The
state of being taken unexpectedly. 3. An emotion ex-
cited by something happening suddenly and unexpected-
ly. 4,._ A dish with nothing in it ; [obs.]
SUR-PRlS'ED, (sur-prizd') pp. Come upon or taken un-
awares ; struck with something novel or unexpected.
SUR-PRlS'ING, ppr. 1. Falling on or taking suddenly or
unawares ; striking with something novel. 2. a. Exciting
surprise ; extraordinary ; of a nature to excite wondei
and astonishment.
SUR-PRlS'ING-liY, adv. In a manner or degree that ex
cites surprise.
j SUR'Q,UED-RY, 71. [sur, and 'Norm. Fv. cuider.] Over-
weening pride ; arrogance. Spenser.
SUR-RE-BUT', V. i. [sitr and rebut.] In legal pleadings
to reply, as a plaintiff, to a defendant's rebutter.
SUR-RE-BUT'TER, n. The plaintiff's reply in pleading tc
a defendant's rebutter. Blackstone.
SUR-RE-JOIN', V. i. [sur and rejoin.] In legal pleadings,
to reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant's rejoinder.
SUR-RE-JOIN'DER, n. The answer of a plaintiff to a de-
fendant's rejoinder.
SUR-REN'DER, v. t. [Fr. sur and rendre.] 1. To yield to
the power of another ; to give or deliver up possession
upon compulsion oi demand. 2. To yield ; to give up ;
to resign in favor of another. 3. To give up ; to resign. —
4. In law, to yield an estate, as a tenant, into the hands
of the lord for such purposes as are expressed in the act.
5. To yield to any influence, passion or povvti.
SUR-REN'DER, v. i. To yield ; to give up one's self into
the power of another.
SUR-REN'DER, n. 1. The act of yielding or resigning
one's person or the possession of something into the
power of another. 2. A yielding or giving up.— 3. In law,
the yielding of an estate by a tenant to the lord for such
purposes as are expressed by the tenant in the act.
* See Synopsis MOVE, EOQK, Do VE ,— BULL, UNITE.— € as K , 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this, f ObsoIUe
SUR
814
sus
riUR RENDERED pp. Yielded or delivered to the power
of aiiotlier ; given up ; resigned.
SUK-REN-DER EE', n. In law, a person to whom the lord
grants surrendered land ; the cestuy que use.
SIJR-REN'DER-ING, ppr. Yielding or giving up to the
power of another ; resigning.
SUR-REN'DER-OR, n. The tenant who sunenders an
estate into the hands of his lord. Blackstone.
SUR-REN'DRY, n. A surrender.
SUR-REP'TION, n. [L. surreptus,] A coming unperceiv-
ed ; a stealing upon insensibly. [Little used.]
SUR-REP-TI''TIOUS, a. [L. surreptitius.] Done by stealth
or without proper authority ; made or introduced fraudu-
lently.
SUR-REP-TI"TIOUS-LY, adv. By stealth ; without au-
thority ; fraudulently.
SVR'RO-GATE, ». [L. surrogatus.] In a general sense, a
deputy ; a delegate ; a substitute ; particularly, the deputy
of an ecclesiastical judge.
" . '}.t. To
[Little used.]
SUR'RO-GATE,
put in the place of another.
SUR-RO-Ga'TION, n. The act of substituting one person
in the place of another. [Little used.]
SUR-ROUND', V. t. [sur and round.] 1. To encompass ; to
environ ; to inclose on all sides. 2. To lie or be on all
sides of.
SUR-ROUND'ED, pp. Encompassed ; inclosed ; beset.
SUR-ROUND'ING, ppr. Encompassing ; inclosing.
SUR-SOL'ID, n. [sur and solid, or surdesolid.] In mathe-
m-tics, the fifth power of a number ; or the product of the
f:aii;.h multiplication of a number considered as the root,
SUR-SOL'ID, a. Denoting tlie fiftli power. — Sursolid prob-
lem is that which cannot be resolved but by curves of a
higher Kind than the conic sections.
SUR-TOUT', 71. \Fi. sur-tout, ovtr all.] A man's coat to be
worn over his other garments.
SUR'TUR-BRAND, n. Fibrous brown coal or biiuminous
woodj^so called in Iceland. Ure.
SUR-VeNE', v. t. [Fr. survenir.] To supervene ; to come
as an addiiion. [Little used.] Harvey.
SUR-VEY', (sur-va') ■«. t. [Norm, surveer, surveoir.] 1. To
inspect or take a view of; to view with attention, as from
a high place. 2. To view with a scrutinizing eye ; to
examine. 3. To examine with reference to condition,
situation and value. 4. To measure, as land ; or to as-
certain the contents of land by lines and angles. 5. To
examine or ascertain the po?"tion and distances of objects
on the shore of the sea, tiie depth of water, nature of the
bottom, and v/hatever may be necessary to facilitate the
navigation of the waters, and render the entrance into
harbors, sounds and rivers easy and ^safe. 6. To examine
and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor,
the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the
same. 7. To examine and ascertain, as the state of agri-
culture.
* SUR'VEY, n. [formerly accented on the last syllable.]
1. An attentive view ; a look or looking with care. 2. A
particular view ; an examination of all the parts or partic-
ulars of a thing, with a design to ascertain the condition,
quantity or quality. — 3. In the United States, a district for
the collection of the customs, under the inspection and
authority of a particular officer.
SUR-VEY"' AL, 71. The same as survey. BarroTp.
gUR-VEY'ED, (sur-vade') pp. Viewed with attention ; ex-
amined ; measured.
SUR-VEYTNG, ipr. Viewing with attention 5 examining
particularly ; measuring.
SUR-VEY ING, n. That branch of mathematics which
teaches the art of measuring land.
SUR-VEY'OR, 71. 1. An overseer ; one placed to superin-
tend others. 2. One that views and examines for the
purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity or quality
of any thing.
SUR-VEY'OR-GEN ER-AL, n A principal surveyor.
SUR-VEYOR-SHIP, n. The office of a surveyor.
t SUR-VIEW, V. t. To survey. Spenser.
t SUR'VIEW, n. Survey.
t SUR-VlSE', V. t. [Fr. sur and viser.] To look over. B.
Jonson.
EUR-Vi'VAL, n. A living beyond the life of another per-
son, thing or event ; an outliving.
SUR-Vi'VANCE, n. Survivorship. [Litde used.] Hume.
SUR-VlVE', V. t. [Fr. survivre ; It. aopravvivere ,• Sp. so-
brevivir ; L. supervivo.] 1. To outlive ; to live beyond
the life of another. 2. To outlive any thing else ; to live
beyond any event.
b'5jlt-VIVE\* v.i. To remain alive. Denham.
SUR-Vi'VE?f-CY, n. A surviving ; survivorship.
SUR-VIV'ER, n. One that outlives another. See Survivor.
SUR-VrV'lNG, ppr. 1. Outliving; living beyond the life
of another. 2. a. Remaining alive ; yet living.
SUR-VlV'OR, n. 1. One who outlives another. — 2. In law,
the longer liver of two joint tenants, or of any two per-
sons who have a joint interest in any thing.
SUR-VIV'OR-SHIP, n. 1. The state of outliving another
— 2. In law, the right of a joint tenant, or other person
who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole
estate upon the death of the other.
SUS-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. [from susceptible.] The quality
of admitting or receiving either something additional, or
some change, affection or passion.
SUS-CEP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. suscipio.] 1. Capable of ad
mitting any thing additional, or any change, affection or
influence. 2. Tender; capable of impression 3 impressi-
ble. 3. Having nice sensibility.
SUS-CEP'TI-BLE-NESS, 71. Susceptibility, which see.
SUS-CEP'TION, n. The act of taking. [L.u.] Ayliffe.
SUS-CEP'TIVE, a. Capable of admitting ; readily admit-
ting.
SUS-CEP-TIV'I-TY, ri. Capacity of admitting. [L.u.]
SUS-CEP'TOR, 71. [L.] One who undertakes ; a god-
father.
SUS-CIP'I-EN-CY, n. Reception ; admission.
SUS-CIP'I-ENT, a. Receiving; admitting.
SUS-CIP'I-ENT, n. One who takes or admits ; one that re
ceives. Bp. Taylor.
SUS'CI-TATE, V. t. [Fr. susciter ; L. suscito.] To rouse ;
to excite ; to call into life and action. Brown.
SUS-CI-Ta'TION, 71. The act of raising or exciting.
SUS'LIK, 7?. A spotted animal of the rat kind.
SUS-PECT', V. t. [L. suspectus.] 1. To mistrust; to im-
agine or have a slight opinion that something exists, but
without proof and often upon weak evidence or no evi-
dence at all. 2. To imagine to be guilty, but upon slight
evidence or without proof. 3. To hold to be uncertain ;
to doubt ; to mistrust. 4. To hold to be doubtful. 5. To
conjecture.
SUS-PECT', V. i. To imagine guilt. Shak.
SUS-PECT', a. Doubtful. [JVot muck used.] Olanville.
t SUS-PECT', 71. Suspicion. Shak.
SUS-PECT' A-BLE, a. That may be suspected. [L. u.]
SUS-PECT'ED, pp. Imagined without proof ; mistrusted
SUS-PECT'ED-LY, adv. So as to excite suspicion.
SUS-PECT'ED-NESS, n. State of being suspected.
SUS-PECT'ER, 71. One who suspects.
SUS-PECT'FUL, a. Apt to suspect or mistrust.
SUS-PECT'ING, ppr. Imagining without evidence; mis-
trusting upon slight grounds.
SUS-PECT'LESS, a. 1. Not suspecting; having no sus-
picion. Herbert. 2. Not suspected; not mistrusted.
Beaumont.
SUS-PEND', V. t. [Fr. suspendre ; It. sospendere ; Sp. sus-
pender ; L. suspendo.] 1. To hang ; to attach to some-
thing above. 2. To make to depend on. 3. To interrupt ;
to intermit ; to cause to cease for a time. 4. To stay ; to
delay ; to hinder from proceeding for a time. 5. To hold
in a state undetermined. 6. To debar from any privilege,
from the execution of an office, or from the enjoyment of
income. 7. To cause to cease for a time from operation
or effect.
SUS-PEND'ED, pp. Hung up ; made to depend on; caused
to cease for a time ; delayed ; held undetermined.
SUS-PEND'ER, 71. 1. One that suspends. 2. Suspenders,
plu. straps worn for holding up pantaloons, &c. ; braces.
SUS-PEND'ING, ppr. Hanging up ; making to depend on ;
intermitting ; causing to cease for a time ; holding unde
termined ; debarring from action or right.
SUS-PENSE', 71. [L. suspensus.] 1. A state of uncertainty j
indetermination ; indecision. 2. Stop ; cessation for a
time. — 3. In law, suspension ; a temporary cessation of a
man's right.
SUS-PENSE', a. Held from proceeding. [L. u.] Milton.
SUS-PEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, ?i. The capacity of being suspended
or sustained from sinking. Eirwan.
SUS-PENS'I-BLE, a. Capable of being suspended or held
from sinking.
SUS-PEN'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. sxispensio.] I. The act of
hanging up, or of causing to hang by being attached to
something above. 2. TJie act of making to depend on
any thing for existence or taking place. 3. The act of
delaying ; delay. 4. Act of withholding or balancing the
judgment ; forbearance of determination. 5. Temporary
cessation; interruption. 6. Temporary privation of pow-
ers, authority or rights : usually intended as a censure or
punishment. 7. Prevention or inte-ruplion of operation.
— 8. In rhetoric, a keeping of the hearer in doubt and in
attentive expectation of what is to follow. — 9. In ScoVs
Law, a stay or postponement of execution of a sentence
condemnatory, by means of letters ol suspension granted
on application to the lord ordinary.— 10. In mechanics,
points of suspension in a balance are the points in the axis
or beam where the weights are applied, or from which
they are suspended. — 11. In music, every sound of a chord
to a given base, which is continued to another base, is a
suspension. Cyc.
SUS-PENS'IVE, a. Doubtful. Beaumont.
SUS-PENS'OR, 71. In anatomy, a bandage to suspend the
scrotum.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, 1?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
SWA
815
SWA
SUS-PENS'O-RY, a. That suspenas ; suspending.
SUS-PENS'0-RY, n. That which suspends ; a truss.
t SUS'PI-€A-BLE, a. [L. suspicor.] That may be suspect-
ed ; liable to suspicion. More.
SUS-PT"C10N, n. [Fr. ; L. suspicio.'] The act of suspect-
ing ; the imagination of the existence of something with-
out proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon no evi-
dence at all.
SUS-Pl"CIOUS, a. [li. suspiciosus.'] 1. Inclined to suspect ;
apt to imagine without proof. 2. Indicating suspicion or
fear. 3. Liable to suspicion ; adapted to raise suspicion ;
giving reason to imagine ill. 4. Entertaining suspicion ;
given to suspicion.
SUS-Pl"CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With suspicion. 2. So as to
excite suspicion. Sidney.
SUS-Pl"CIOUS-NESS, 71. 1. The.qualityofbeing liable to
suspicion, or liable to be suspected. 2. The quality or
stateof being apt to suspect.
SUS-Pl'RAL, 11. [L. suspiro.] 1. A breathing-hole ; a vent
or ventiduct. 2. A spring of water passing under ground
towards a cistern or conduit ; [local.]
SUS-PI-Ra'TION, n. [L. suspiratio.] The act of sighing or
fetching a long and deep breath ; a sigh. More.
SUS-PiRE', V. i. To sigh ; to fetch a long, deep breath ; to
breathe. [Little used.] Shak.
t SUS-PlR'ED, (sus-pird') pp. or a. Wished for; desired.
SUS-TaIN', v. t. [L. sustineo ; Fr. soutenir j It. sostenere ;
Sp. sostener, sustentar.] I. To bear ; to uphold ; to sup-
port. 2. To hold ; to keep from falling. 3. To support ;
to keep from sinking in despondence. 4. To maintain ;
to keep alive ; to support ; to subsist. 5. To support in
any condition by aid ; to assist or relieve. 6. To bear ;
to endure without failing or yielding. 7. To suffer; to
bear ; to undergo. 8. To maintain ; to support ; not to
dismiss or abate. 9. To maintain as a sufficient ground.
— 10. In music, to continue, as the sound of notes through
their whole length.
\ SUS-TaIN', n. That which upholds. Milton.
SUS-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be sustained or main-
tained.
SUS-TaIN'ED, (sus-tand') pp. Borne ; upheld ; maintain-
ed ; supported ; subsisted ; suffered.
SUS-TaIN'ER, n. He or that which sustains, uphoids or
suffere.
SUS-TaIN'ING, ppr. Bearing ; upholding ; maintaining ;
suffering; subsisting.
SUS-TAL'TI€, a. [Gr. cvaTaXriKOi.'j Mournful ; affecting ;
an epithet given to a species of music by the Greeks.
SUS'TE-NANCE, n. [Norm. Fr.] 1. Support; mainte-
nance ; subsistence. 2. That which supports life ; food ;
victuals ; provisions.
t SUS-TEN'TA-€LE, n. [L. sustentaculum.] Support.
SUS-TEN-Ta'TION, w. IFt. ; L. sustentatio.] 1. Support;
preservation from falling. 2. Use of food. 3. Mainte-
nance ; support of life.
SU-SUR-Ra'TION, 71. [L. susurratio.] A whispering ; a
soft murmur.
t SUTE, 71. [for suite.] Sort. Hooker.
t SO'TILE, a. [L. sutilis.] Done by stitching. Boswell.
SUT'LER, n. [D. toetelaar.] A person who follows an army
and sePs to the troops provisions and liquors.
SUT'LING, a. Belonging to sutlers » engaged in the occu-
pation of a sutler. Tatler.
SUT-TEE', 71. 1. In the Sanscrit, or sacred language of the
Hindoos, a female deity. 2. A widow who immolates
herself on the funeral pile of her husband. 3. The sacri-
fice of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her hus-
band.
SUT'TLE, a. Suttle weight, in commerce, is when tret is
allowed ; neat weight. Diet.
t Su'TU-RA-TED, a. [Tu,. sutura.] Stitched or knit togeth-
_er. Smith.
Su'TURE, V. VL. sutura.] 1. Literally, a, sewing ; hence,
the uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching. 2. The
seam or joint which unites the bones of the skull ; or the
peculiar articulation or connection of those bones.
SWAB, 71. [Sax. swebban, to sweep.] A mop for cleaning
floors ; on board of ships, a large mop or bunch of old rope-
yarn, used to clean the deck and cabin.
SWAB, V. t. To clean with a mop ; to wipe when Wet or
after washing.
SWAB'BER, 7u [D.'^zwabber.] One that uses a swab to
clean a floor or deck ; on board of ships of war, an infe-
rior officer, whose business is to see that the ship is kept
clean.
SWAD, n. 1. A pod, as of beans or peas ; [local.] 2. A
short, fat person ; [obs.] — 3. In JVew England, a lump,
mass or bunch ; also, a crowd ; [vulgar.]
SWAD'D-LE, V. t. [Sax. swathe, swethel ; D. zwaad; G.
schwaden.] 1. To swathe ; to bind, as with a bandage ;
to bind tight with clothes ; used generally of infants. 2.
To beat ; to cudgel ; [obs.]
SWAD'DLE, n. Clothes bound tight around the body.
SWAD'DLED, pp. Swathed ; bound in tight clothes.
SWAD'DLING, ppr. Swathing ; binding in tight clothes
SWAD'DLTNG-BAND, ) n. A band or cloth wrapped
SWADDLING-€LOTH, \ round an infant. Luke ii.
SWAG, V. i. [qu. Sax. sigan ; Sw. svag ; Dan. svag.] To
sink down by its weight ; to lean. Grew.
SWAG'-BEL-LiED, a. Having a prominent, overhanging
belly.
t SWAGE, V. t. To ease ; to soflen ; to mitigate.
t SWAGE, «.t. To abate. Barret.
SWAG'GER, V. i. [Sax. swegan.] To bluster ; to bully
to boast or brag noisily ; to be tumultuoasly proud. Col-
lier.
t SWAG'GER, V. t. To overbear with boasting or bluster
Annot. on Olanville.
SWAG'GER-ER, n. A blusterer ; a bully ; a boastful, noisv
fellow. Shak.
SWAG'GER-ING,j?pr. Blustering; boasting noisily.
SWAG'GING, ppr. Sinking or inclining,
SWAG^GY, a. Sinking, hanging or leaning by its weight.
SWaIN, n. [Sax. swein, swan ; Sw. sven ; Dan. svend ,
Ice. svein.] 1. A young man. Spenser. 2. A country
servant employed in husbandry. Shak. 3. A pastoral
youth. Pope.
SWAIN'ISH, a. Rustic.
SWaIN'MOTE, SWeIN'MOTE, or SWAN'I-MOTE, n.
[swain, and mote, meeting.] In England, a court, touching
matters of tJie forest, held before the verderors of the for-
est as judges, by the steward of the court, thrice every
year ; the swains or freeholders within the forest compos-
ing the jury.
SWaIP, v. i. To walk proudly ,• used in the JSTorth of Eng
land for sweep.
SWALE, n. [probably from vale.] 1. A local word in
J^ew England, signifying an interval or vale ; a tract of
low land. — 2. In England, a shade. 3. A flame. Omse
SWALE, V. i. To waste. See Sweal.
SWALE, V. t. To dress a hog for bacon, by singeing oi
burning offhis hair. [Local.] Cyc.
SWAL'LET, n. Among the tin-miners, water breaking in
upon the miners at their work. Bailey.
SWAL'LoW, 71. [Sax. swaleioe ; D. ixoaluw ; G. schwalbe.]
A bird of the genus hirundo, of many species.
SWAL'LoW-FISH, n. A sea-fish of the genus trigla.
SWAL'LoW-FLY, n. The name of the chelidonius, a fly
remarkable for its swift and long fiieht. Cyc
SWAL'LoW'S-TaIL, n. The same as dove tail.
SWAL'LoW-STONE, n. Chelidonius lapis, a stone.
SWAL'LoW-TaIL, n. A plant, a species of willow.
SWAL'LoW -W6RT, n. A plant of the genus asclepias.
SWAL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. swelgan, sicilgan ; D. zwelgen.]
1. To take into the stomach ; to receive through the gullet
or (esophagus into the stomach. 2. To absorb ; to draw
and sink into an abyss or gulf; to ingulf; usually follow-
ed by up. 3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or be-
lief, without examination or scruple ; to receive implicit-
ly. 4. To engross ; to appropriate. 5. To occupy ; to
employ. 6. To seize and waste. 7. To engross ; to en-
gage completely. 8. To exhaust ; to consume.
SWAL'LoW, Ji. 1. The gullet or cesophagus ; the throat.
2. Voracity. 3. As much as is swallowed at once.
SWAL'LoWED, pp. Taken into the stomach ; absorbed ;
received without scruple; engrossed; wasted.
SWAL'LoW-ER, n. One who swallows ; also, a glutton.
Tatler.
SWAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Taking into the stomach ; absorb-
ing ; ingulfing ; receiving implicitly ; engrossing.
SWAL'LoW-ING, n. The act of taking into the stomach
or of absorbing ; the act of receiving implicitly ; the act
of engrossing.
SWAM.^T-et. of swim.
SWAMP, 71. [Sax. swam ; Goth, swamms ,• G. schwamm ; D.
zw'am ; Dan. svamp.] Spungy land ; low ground filled
with water ; soft, wet ground.
SWAMP, V. t. To plunge, whelm or sink in a swamp ; to
plunge into difficulties inextricable.
SWAMP'Y, a. Consisting of swamp; like a swamp; low,
wet and spungy ; as, swampy land.
SWAMP'-ORE, 71. In mineralogy, an ore of iron found in
swamps and morasses ; called, also, bog-ore.
SWAN, n. [Sax. sioan ; D. zwaan , G. scliwan ; Dan. svane ,
Sw. svan.] A large aquatic fowl f the genus anas, of two
varieties, the wild and the tame
SWANG, n. A piece of low land or green sward, liable to
be covered with water. [Local in England.]
SWANS'DOWN, n. A fine, soft, thick woolen cloth.
SWAN'SKIN, ??,. [swan and skin.] A species of flannel of a
soft texture, thick and warm.
SWAP, adv. [qu. sweep.] Hastily ; at a snatch. [A lovi
word, and local.]
SWAP, V. t. To exchange ; to barter; to swop. See Swop.
SWAPE, n. [qu. sweep.] A pole supported by a fulcrum, on
which it turns, used for raismg water from a well, for
churning, &c.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; Gas J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH •, THas in this, f Obsolete
SWE
816
SWE
SWARD, n. [Sax. stpeard; Dan. sveer ; D. zwoord; G.
sc'liwarte ; W". gweryd.j 1. The skin of bacon ; [local.]
2. The grassy surface of land ; turf ; that part of the
soil which is filled with the roots of grass, forming a kind
of mat.
SWARD, V. t. To produce sward ; to cover with sward.
SWARD'-€UT-TER, n. An instrument for cutting sward
across the ridges.
SWARD'Y, a. Covered with sward or grass.
t SWARE, oldpret. of swear. We now use swore.
SWARE, or SCHWARE, n. A copper coin and money of
account in Bremen, value one fifth of a groat.
SWARM, (^sworm) n. [Sax. swearm ; G. schwarm ; D.
zwerm ; Dan. sverm.] 1. In a general sense, -d large num-
ber or body of small animals or insects, particularly when
in motion ; but appropriately, a great number of honey-bees
which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodg-
ings. 2. A swarm or multitude jparticwZarZ?/, a multitude
of people in motion.
SWARM, V. i. [Sax. swearmian ; D. zwermen ; G. schw'dr-
men ; Dan. svermer.] 1 . To collect and depart from a hive
by flight in a body, as bees. 2. To appear or collect in a
crowd ; to run ; to throng together ; to congregate in a
multitude. 3. To be crowded ; to be thronged with a
multitude of animals in motion. 4. To breed multitudes.
5. To climb, as a tree, by embracing it with the arms and
legs, and scrambling.
t SWARM, V. t. To crowd or throng.
SWART, or SWARTH, a. [Sax. s^cart, sweaH ; Sw^
svart ; G. schwarz) D. zwart.] 1. Being of a dark hue ;
moderately black ; tawny. 2. Gloomy ; malignant ;
[obs.]
SWART, V. t. To make tawny. Brown.
SWARTH, or SWAIRTH, n. An apparition.
SWARTH'I-LY, adv. [from swarthy.] Duskily ; with a
tawny hue.
SWARTH'I-NESS, n. Tawniness ; a dusky complexion,
t SWARTH'NESS, n. Blackness ; darkness. Dr. Clarke.
SWARTH'Y, a. I. Being of a dark hue or dusky complex-
ion ; tawny. 2. Black.
t SWARTH'Y, V. t. To make swarthy or dusky ; to black-
en. Cowley.
SWART'I-NESS, n. A tawny color. Sherwood
SWART'ISH, a. Somewhat dark or tawny.
SWART'Y, a. Swarthy ; tawny. Burton.
t SWARVE, V. i. To swerve. Spenser.
SWASH, n. An oval figure, whose moldings are oblique to
the axis of the work. Moxon.
SWASH, n. 1. A blustering noise ; a vaporing ; [obs.] 2.
Inipulse of water flowing with violence.
•■ SWASH, V. i. [D. zwet'ien.'] To bluster ; to make a great
noise ; to vapor or brag. Shak.
SWASH, or SWASH'Y, a. Soft, like fruit too ripe, [Local.]
Pegge.
t SWASH'-BU€K-LER, n. A sword-player ; a bully or brag-
gadocio, Milton.
t SWASH'ER, n. One who makes a blustering show of valor
or force of arms. Shak.
t SWAT, or t SWATE, v. i. To sweat. Chaucer.
t SWATCH, n. A swath, Tusser.
SWATH, (swoth) n, [Sax. swathe ; D, zwaad ; G. schwaden.]
1. A line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the
sythe in mowing or cradling. 2. The whole breadth or
sweep of a sythe in mowing or cradling. Farmers. 3. A
band or fillet.
SWATHE, V. t. 1. To bind with a band, bandage or rollers.
2. To bind or wrap. Abbot.
SWAY, V. t. [D. zwaaijen ; Ice. sweigia ,- Sw. sviga.] 1,
To move or wave ; to wield with the hand. 2. To bias ;
to cause to lean or incline to one side. 3. To nile ; to gov-
ern ; to influence or direct by power and authority, or by
moral force.
SWAY, v.i. 1, To be drawn to one side by weight ; to
lean, 2, To have weight or influence, 3. To bear rule ;
to govern. — 4. In seamen's language, to hoist ; partic-
ularly applied to the lower yards and to the t-jpmast-yards ,
Sfc.
SWAY, n. 1. The swing or sweep of a weapon. Milton.
2, Any thing moving with bulk and power, 3. Prepon-
deration ; turn or cast of balance, 4. Power exerted iru
governing ; rule ; dominion ; control. 5. Influence ;
weight or authority that inclines to one side.
SWaYED, pp. Wielded ; inclined to one side ; ruled ; gov-
erned ; influenced ; biased,
SWaY'ING, ppr. Wielding; causing to lean ; biasing;
ruling,
SWaY'ING, n. Swaying of the back, among beasts, is a
khid of lumbago, caused by a fall or by being overloaded.
SWeAL, v. i. [Sax. swelan ; sometimes written sicale.]
1. To melt and run down, as the tallow of a candle ; to
w^aste away without feeding the flame, 2, To blaze
away.
aWEAL'ING, ppr. Melting and wasting away,
SWEaR, v. i. ; pret. swore, [formerly sware ;] pp. sworn.
[Sax. swerian, swerigan ; Goth, swaran ; D. zweeren ; G
schworen.] 1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration,
with an appeal to God for the tmth of what is afiirm-
ed. 2. To promise upon oath. 3. To give evidence on
oath. 4. To be profane ; to practice profaneness.
SWEAR, V. t. 1. To utter or atfirm with a solemn appeal
to God for the truth of the declaration. 2. To put to an
oath ; to cause to take an oath. 3. To declare or charge
upon oath. 4. To obtest by an oath.
SWEaR'ER, n. 1. One who swears ; one who calls God to
witness for the truth of his declaration, 2. A profane
person. Shak.
SWEaR'IIMG, ppr. 1. Affirming upon oath. 2. Putting
upon oath ; causing to swear.
SWEaR'ING, n. I. The act or practice of affirming on oath.
2. Profaneness.
SWEAT, (swet) n. [Sax. swat; D. zweet; G. schweiss :
Dan, sveed ; Sw. svett.] 1, The fluid or sensible moisture
which issues out of the pores of the skin of an animal. 2
Labor ; toil ; drudgery. 3. Moisture evacuated from any
substance.
SWEAT, (swet) v. i. ; pret. and pp. sweat, or sweated.
Swot is obsolete. [Sax. swmtan ,■ Sw. svetta ; Dan. sveeder ,
D. zweeten ; G. schwitzen.] 1. To emit sensible moisture
through the pores of the skin ; to perspire. 2, To toil ; to
labor ; to drudge. 3. To emit moisture, as gieen plants in
a heap.
SWEAT, (swet) v. t. 1. To emit or suffer to flow from the
pores; to exsude. Dryden. 2. To cause to emit moisture
from the pores of the skin,
SWEAT'ER, (swet'er) n. One that causes to sweat.
SWEAT'I-LY, adv. So as to be moist with sweat ; in a
sweaty state,
SWEAT'I-NESS, n. The state of being sweaty or moist
with sweat.
SWEAT'ING, ppr. 1. Emitting moisture from the pores of
the skin ; throwing out moisture ; exsuding. 2. Causing
to emit moisture upon the skin.
SWEATING-BATH, n. A sudatory ; a bath for excit-
ing sensible perspiration or sweat ; a hypocaust or stove.
Cvc
SWEAT'ING-HOUSE, n. A house for sweating persons in
sickness. Cyc.
SM^EAT'ING-lR-ON, n. 1. A kind of knife or a piec« of a
sythe, used to sciape oflT sweat from horses. Cyc.
SWEAT'ING-ROOM, n. 1. A room for sweating persons.
— 2. In rural economy, a room for sweating cheese, and
carrying off" the superfluous juices. Cyc.
SWEAT'ING-SI€K-NESS, w, A febrile, epidemic d.sease
which prevailed in some countries of Europe, but particu-
larly in England, in tire 15th and 16th centuries.
SWEAT'Y, (swet'ty) a. 1. Moist with sweat. 2. Consist-
ing of sweat. 3. Laborious ; toilsome.
SWEDE, 71. 1. A native of Sweden. 2. A Swedish tur-
nep.
SWe'DISH, a. Pertaining to Sweden,
SWe'DISH-TUR-NEP, 71. The ruta baga.
SWEEP, V. t.; pret. and pp. swept. [Sax. swapan, sweopan.]
1. To brush or rub over with a brush, broom or besom,
for removing loose dirt ; to clean by brushing. 2. To car-
ry with a long, swinging or dragging motion ; to carry
with pomp. 3. To drive or carry along or off" by a long,
brushing stroke or force, or by flowing on the earth. 4.
To drive, destroy or carry off" many at a stroke, or with
celerity and violence. 5. To rub over. 6. To strike with
a long stroke. 7. To draw or drag over.
SWEEP, V. i. 1. To pass with swiftness and violence, as
something broad or brushing the surface of any thing. 2.
To pass over or brush along with celerity and force, .j.
To pass with pomp. 4. To move with a long reach.
SWEEP, 71. 1. The act of sweeping, 2. The compass of a
stroke, 3. The compass of any turning body or motion.
4. The compass of any thing flowing or brushing. 5. Vi-
olent and general destruction. 6. Direction of any mo-
tion not rectilinear. 7. The mold of a ship when she be-
gins to compass in, at the rung heads ; also, any part of a
ship shaped by the segment of a circle.— 8. Among refin-
ers of metals, the almond-furnace. — 9. Among seamen, a
large oar, used to assist the rudder in turning a ship in a
calm, or to increase her velocity in a chase, &;c.
SWEEP, 71. The beam supported by a post, which is used
in raising a bucket in a well.
SWEEPER, n. One that sweeps.
SWEEP'ING, ppr. Brushing over ; rubbing with a broom
or besom ; cleaning with a broom or besom ; brushing
along ; passing over ; dragging over.
SWEEP'INGS, 71. plu. Things collected by sweeping ; rub-
bish.
SWEEP'-NET, 77. [sweep and net.] A large net for draw-
ing over a large compass.
SWEEP'STAKE, n. [sweep and stake.] A man that wins
all ; usually, sioeepstakes. Shak.
SWEEP'Y, a. 1. Passing with speed and violence ovei
* See Syvopsis A, E, I, O, V, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARINE. BIRD;— t Obsolete.
SWE
817
SWI
great compass at once. Drydcn. 2. Strutting. 3.
Wavy.
bWEET, a. [Sax, swete ; D. zoet; G. silss ; Sw. sot.] 1.
Agreeable or grateful to the taste. 2. Pleasing to the
smell; flagrant. 3. Pleasing to the ear; soft; melodi-
ous; harmonious. 4. Pleasing to the eye ; beautiful, i.
Fresh ; not salt. 6. Not sour. 7. Mild ; soft ; gentle.
8. Mild ; soft ; kind ; obliging. 9. Grateful ; pleasing.
10. Making soft or excellent music. 11. Not stale. 12.
Not turned ; not sour. 13. Not putrescent or putrid.
SWEET, n, 1. Something pleasing or grateful to the mind.
2. A sweet substance ; particularly, any vegetable juice
which is added to wines to improve them. 3. A perfume.
4. A word of endearment. 5. Cane-juice, molasses, or
other sweet vegetable substance.
SWEET'-AP-PLE, 71. The annona squamosa. Lee.
SWEET'-BREAD, n. The pancreas of a calf.
SWEET'-BRl-AR, n. A shrubby plant.
SWEET'-EROOM, n. [siceet and broom.] A plant.
SWEET-CIC'E-LY, n. A plant of the genus scandix.
SWEET-CIS'TUS, n. A shrub, the gura-cistus.
SWEET'-€ORN, n. A variety of the maize, of a sweet
taste.
SWEET'-FLAG, n. A plant of the genus acorus.
SWEET'-GUM, n. A tree of the genus Uquidambar.
SWEET'-JOHN'S, n. A plant, a species of dianthus.
SWEET-MAUD'LTN, n. A species of acMllea.
SWEET-MXR'JO-RAM, 71. A very fragrant plant,
SWEET'-PeA, 71, A pea cultivated for ornament.
SWEET'-ROOT, n. The liquorice, or glycyrrhiza.
SWEET'-ROsH, 71. Another name of the sweet-flag.
SWEET'-SOP, 71. A name of the annoiia squamosa.
SVVEET'-SUL-TAN, n. A plant, a species of centaur ea.
SWEET'- WEED, n. A plant of the genus capraria.
SWEET'-WIL-LIAM, n. The name of several species of
pink, of the genus dianthus. Cyc.
SWEET-WIL'LoW, n. A plant, the myrica gale.
SWEET'-WOOD, n. A plant, a species of laurus.
SWEET'EN,* ('sweet'tn) v. t. 1, To make sweet. 2. To
make pleasing or grateful to the mind. 3. To make mild
or kind. 4. To make less painful. 5. To increase agree-
able qualities. 6. To soften ; to make delicate. 7. To
make pure and sal-jbrious by destroying noxious mat-
ter, 8. To make warm and fertile. 9. To restore to pu-
rity.
SWEET'EN, /"sweet'tn) v. i. To become sweet. Bacon.
SWEET'ENED, pp. Made sweet, mild or grateful.
SWEET'EN-ER, 71, He or that which sweetens ; he that
palliates ; that which moderates acrimony,
SWEET'EN-ING, ppr. Making sweet or grateful,
SWEET'-HEXRT, 71, A lover or mistress, Shak.
SWEET'ING, 11. 1, A sweet apple, Aschanu 2, A word
of endearment, Shak.
SWEET'ISH, a. Somewhat sweet or grateful to the taste,
SVVEET'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being sweetish.
SWEET'LY, adv. In a sweet manner ; gratefully,
SWEET'MeAT, n. Fruit preserved with sugar ; as peaches,
pears, melons, nuts, orange-peel, and the like,
SWEET'NESS, n. 1, The quality of being sweet, in any of
its senses ; as gratefulness to the taste ; or to the smell,
fragrance ; agreeableness to the ear, melody, 2. Agreea-
bleness of manners ; softness ; mildness ; obliging civility,
3. Softness ; mildness ; amiableness,
SWEET'-SCENT-ED, a, [sweet and sce?it,] Having asweet
smell ; fragrant,
SWEET'-SMELL-ING, a. [sweet and smell.] Having a
sweet smell ; fragrant.
SWELL, V. i.; pret, swelled ; pp, swelled. Sioollen is near-
ly obsolete. [Sax, swellan ; D, zioellen ; G, schwellen ;
Dan, svcBller.] 1, Tc grow larger ; to dilate or extend the
exterior surface or dimensions by matter added to the in-
terior part, or by expansion of the inclosed substance. 2.
To increase in size or extent by any addition. 3. To rise
or be driven into waves or billows, 4, To be puffed up
or bloated. 5. To be bloated with anger ; to be exasper-
ated. 6, To be inflated; to belly, 7, To be turgid or
bombastic ; as, swelling words, 8, To protuberate ; to
bulge out, 9. To be elated ; to rise into arrogance. 10,
Togrovi^ more violent, 11, To grow upon the view ; to
i)ecome larger. 12. To become larger in amount. 13.
To become louder, 14, To strut ; to look big, 15, To
rise in altitude,
SWELL, V. t. 1. To increase the size, bulk or dimensions
of; to cause to rise, dilate or increase. 2. To aggra-
vate ; to heighten. 3. To raise to arrogance, 4, To en-
large. — 5, In music, to augment, as the sound of a note,
SWELL, n. 1. Extension of bulk, 2. Increase, as of
sound, 3. A gradual ascent or elevation of land. 4. A
wave or billow ; more generally, a succession of large
waves, — 5, In an organ, a certain number of pipes inclos-
ed in a box, which being uncovered produce a swell of
sound,
SWELLED, pp. Enlarged in bulk ; inflated.
S WELL'ING, ppr. Growing or enlarging in its dimensions
growing tumid ; inflating ; growing louder.
S WELL'ING, 71, 1, A tumor, or any morbid enlargement
of the natural size, 2, Protuberance ; prominence, 3, A
rising or enlargement by passion,
fSWELT, for swelled. Spenser.
f SWELT, V. i. [Sax, etceltan ; Goth, swiltan, ga-swiltan.j
To faint ; to swoon.
f SWELT, V. t. To overpower, as with heat ; to cause to
faint,
SWELT'ER, V. i. [from swelt.] To be overcome and faint
with heat ; to be ready to perish with heat.
SWELT'ER, V. t. To oppress with heat, Bmtley.
SWELT'ERED, pp. Oppressed with heat,
SWELT ER-ING, ppr. Fainting or languishing with heat ;
oppressing with heat,
SWELT'RY, a. Suftbcating with heat; oppressive with
heat ; sultry,
SWEPT, pret, QXi&pp. of sweep,
t SWERD, for sward.
SWERVE, (swerv) v. i. [D, zwerven.] 1, To wander; to
rove, 2, To wander from any line prescribed, or from a
rule of duty ; to depart from what is established by law,
duty or custom ; to deviate. 3. To bend ; to incline. 4
To rlimb or move forward by winding or turning.
SWERVING, ppr. Roving ; wandering ; deviating from
any rule or standard ; inclining ; climbing or moving by
winding and turning,
SWERVING, 71, The act of wandering ; deviation from
any rule, law, duty or standard,
t SWEVEN, n. A dream, Wicliffe.
SWIFT, a. [Sax, swift.] 1, Moving a great distance or
over a large space in a short time ; moving with celerity
or velocity ; fleet ; rapid ; quick ; speedy, 2. Ready ;
prompt. 3. Speedy ; that comes without delay,
SWIFT, n. 1. The current of a stream ; [I. m,1— 2. In do-
mestic affairs, a reel or turning instrument for winding
yarn, 3, A bird, a species of swallow, so called from the
rapidity of its flight, 4, The common newt or eft, a spe-
cies of lizard,
SWIFT'ER, n. In a ship, a rope used to confine the bars
of the capstan in their sockets, while men are turn-
ing it,
SWIFT'ER, V. t. To stretch, as shrouds by tackles.
SWIFT'FOOT,a. Nimble, Mirror for Magistrates.
SWIFT'HEELED, a. [swift and heel.] Swiftfoot ; rapid ;
quick, Hahington.
SWIFT'LY, adv. Fleetly ; rapidly ; with celerity,
SWIFT'NESS, n. Speed ; rapid motion ; quickness ; celer-
ity ; velocity ; rapidity,
SWIG, V. t. or i. [Ice. swiga. du, suck.] To drink by large
draughts ; to suck greedily,
SWIG, 71, 1, A large draught ; [vulgar.] — 2, In seamen's
language, a pulley with ropes which are not parallel.
SWIG,7J, t. [Sax, szcigan.] To castrate, as a ram, by bind-
ing the testicles tight with a string, [Local.]
SWILL, V. t. [Sax, swelgan, swylgan.) 1, To drink gross-
ly or greedily ; as, to swill down great quantities of liquors.
2, To wash ; to drench, 3, To inebriate ; to swell with
fullness,
SWILL, 71, 1, Large draughts of liquor; or drink taken
in excessive quantities. 2, The wash or mixture of liquid
substances given to swine ; called, in some places, swiLl-
ings.
t SWILL, V. i. To be intoxicated, Whately.
SWILLED, pp. Swallowed grossly in large quantities,
SWILL'ER,?i, One who drinks voraciously,
SWIIiL'ING, ppr. Swallowing excessive quantities of
liquors,
SWILL'INGS, n. Swill.
SWIM, V. i. ; pret, swam ; pp, swum. [Sax. swimman ; D,
zwemmen, zwymen ; G, schwemmen, schwimmen.] 1. To
float ; to be supported on water or other fluid ; not to sink,
2. To move progressively in water by means of the mo-
tion of the hands and feet, or of fins," 3, To float ; to be
borne ilong by a current, 4, To glide along with a smooth
motion, or with a waving motion, 5. To be dizzy or ver-
tiginous ; to have a waving motion of the head or a sen-
sation of that kind, or a reeling of the body, 6, To be
floated ; to be overflowed or drenched, 7, To overflow ;
to abound ; to have abundance.
SWIM, V. t. 1, To pass or move on. Dryden. 2, To im-
merse in water that the lighter parts may swim.
SWIMM, n. The bladder of fishes, by which they are said
to be supported in water, Qrew.
SWIM'MER, n. 1, One that swims, 2. A protuberance on
the leg of a horse. Far. Diet.
SWIM'MING, ppr. Floating on a fluid ; moving on a fluid ;
overflowing ; abounding,
SWIM'MING, n. ] , The act or art of moving on the water
by means of the limbs ; a floating, 2, Dizziness,
SWIM'MING-LY, adv. Smoothly; without obstruction
with great success, [JVot elegant.]
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in t/m. f Obsolete
SWI
8l8
SYE
SVVIN'DLE, V. t FD. zwendelen.] To cheat and defraud
grossly, or with deliberate artifice.
SWIN'DLED, pp. Grossly cheated and defrauded,
SWIN'DJdER, n. [G. schwindler ] A cheat ; a rogue ; one
who defrauds grossly, or one who makes a practice of de-
frauding others by imposition or deliberate artifice.
SWIN'DLING, ppr. Cheating ; defrauding.
SWIN'DLIJVG, n. The act of defrauding ^knavery.
SWINE, n. sing, and plu. [Sax. s?mn ,viiW., Dan. svin; D.
zwynj G. sehwein.] A hog j a quadruped of the genus 5ms,
which furnishes man with a large portion of his most
nourishing food.
SWiNE'-BREAD, n. A kind of plant, truffle. Bailey.
SWlNE'-€ASE, )
SWlNE'-€oAT, > n. A hog-sty ; a pen for swine. [Local.]
SWiNE'-eRuE, )
SWINE'-GRASS, n. A plant. [L. centinodia, knot-grass.]
SWINE'-HERD, n. [swi^ie and herd.] A keeper of swine.
SWiNE'-oAT, n. [swine and oat,] A kind of oats, culti-
vated for the use of pigs, as in Cornwall.
SWiNE'-PIPE, 71. A bird, the red-wing. [Local.]
SWiNE'-POX, ) 71. 1. The chicken-pox ; [local.] 2. A
SWlNE'-POCKS, \ variety of the chicken-pox ; the water-
pox.
SWiNE'S'-CRESS, n. A species of cress.
SWlNE'-SToNE, 71. A variety of limestone. Cyc.
SWTNE'-STY, n. A sty or pen for swine.
SWiNE'-THIS-TLE, //.. A plant, the sow-thistle. Cyc.
SWING, V. i. ; pret. and pp. swung. [G. schwingen ; D.
zjoingelen ; Sw. svinga ; JDan. svinger.] 1. To move to
and fro, as a body suspended in the air ; to wave ; to
vibrate. 2. To practice swinging. 3. To move or float ;
also, to turn round an anchor.
SWING, V. t. 1. To make to play loosely ; to cause to wave
or vibrate, 2. To whirl round in the air. 3. To wave ;
to move to and fro. 4. To brandish ; to flourish.
SWING, 71. 1 . A waving or vibratory motion ; oscillation.
2. Motion from one side to the other. 3. A line, cord or
other thing suspended and hanging loose ; also, an appa-
ratus suspended for persons to swing in. 4. Influence or
power of a body put in motion. 5. Free course ; unre-
strained liberty or license. 6. The sweep or compass of a
moving body. 7. Unrestrained tendency.
SWING'-BRIDGE, n. [swing and bridge.] A bridge that
may be moved by swinging ; used on canals.
SWiNGE, (swinj) V. t. [Sax. szoingan.] 1. To beat sound-
ly ; to whip ; to bastinade ; to chastise ; to punish ; [I. u.
and vulgar.] 2. To move as a lash ; [obs.]
tSWiNGE, (swinj) 71. A sway 3 a swing j the sweep of
any thing in motion. Waller.
t SWiNGE'-BU€K-LER, n. A bully 5 one who pretends to
feats of arms. Shak.
SWING'ER, 71. One who swings ; one who hurls.
SWING'ING, ^pr. of 5wi7i^. Waving; vibrating; bran-
dishing.
SWINGING, 77. The act of swinging.
SWING'ING, ppr. of swinge. 1. Beatjng soundly. 2. a.
Huge ; very large ; [vulgar.]
8WIN6'ING-LY, arfy. Vastly; hugely. [Vulgar.]
SWIN'GLE, V. i. [from swing.] 1. To dangle ; to wave
hanging. 2. To swing for pleasure ; [obs.]
SWIN'GLE, V. t. [Sax. swingan.] To beat ; to clean flax
by beating it.
SWIN'GLE, n. In wire-works, a wooden spoke fixed to the
barrel that draws the wire ; also, a crank.
SWIN'GLED, pp. Beat and cleaned by a swingling-knife.
SWIN'GLE-TREE, n. A whiffie-tree or whipple-tree.
SWIN'GLING, ppr. Beating and cleaning, as flax.
SWIN'GLING-KNIFE, ) n. A wooden mstrument like a
SWIN'GLE, ) large knife, used for cleaning
flax of the shives.
SWIN'GLING-ToW, n. The coarse part of flax, separated
from the finer by swingling and hatcheling.
SWING'-TREE, n. The bar of a carriage to which the traces
are fastened. — In America, it is often or generally called
the whiffle-tree, or whipple-tree.
SWING -WHEEL, n. [string and wheel.] In a time-piece,
the wheel which drives the pendulum. Cyc.
SWiN'ISH, a. [from swine.] Befitting swine ; like swine ;
gross ; hoggish ; brutal.
•f SWINK, V. i. [Sax. swincun.] To labor ; to toil ; to drudge.
] SWINK, V. t. To overlabor. Milton.
t SWINK, 71. Labor; toil; drudgery. Spenser.
t SWINK'ER, n. A laborer ; a ploughman. Chaucer.
SWIPE, 71. A swape or sweep, which see.
fSWIPPER, a. [Snx. swipan, to move quick.] Nimble;
quick.
SWISS, 71. 1. A native of Switzerland or Swisserland. 2.
The language of Swisserland.
SWITCH, 71. [Sw. svege.] A small, flexible twig or rod.
SWITCH, V. t. To strike with a smal twig or rod ; to beat ;
to lash. Chapman.
SWITCH, ??.i. To wa.ic withajerk. [Obsolete or local.]
SWIVEL, (swiv'l) 71. [Sax, swifan.] 1. A ring which turns
upon a staple ; or a strong link of iron used in mooring
ships, and which permits the bridles to be turned round ;
any ring or staple that turns. 2. A small cannon, fixed
on a socket on the top of a ship's side, stern or bow, or in
her tops, in such a manner as to be turned in any direc-
tion.
SWIVEL, (swiv'l) V. i. To turn on a staple, pin or pivot
SWIVEL-HOOK, 71. A hook that turns in the end of an
iron block-strap, for the ready taking the turns out of a
tackle.
SWOB, 71. A mop. See Swab
SWOB, V. t. To clean or wipe with a swob. See Swab
SWOB'BER, 71. 1. One who swabs or cleans with a mop ;
[see Swabber.] — 2. Swobbers, four privileged cards, onlv
used incidentally in betting at the game of whist.
SWoLN ^ \PP- of swell ; irregular and obsolescent
t SW6M, old pret. of swim.
SWOON, V. i. [Sax. aswunan.] To faint ; to sink into a
fainting-fit, in which there is a suspension of the apparent
vital functions and mental powers.
SWOON, 71. A fainting-fit ; lipothymy ; syncope. Coze.
SWOON'ING, ppr. Fainting away.
SWOON'ING, 71. The act of fainting ; syncope. Hall.
SWOOP, v.t. 1. To fall on at once and seize ; to catch
while on the wing. 2. To seize ; to catch up ; to take
with a sweep. 3. To pass with violence ; [obs.]
SWOOP, V. i. To pass with pomp. Drayton.
SWOOP, 71. A falling on and seizing, as of a rapacious fowl
on his prey.
SWOP, V. t. To exchange ; to barter ; to give one com-
modity for another. [j1 low word.]
SWOP, 71. An exchange. Spectator.
* SW5RD, (sword, or sord) 71. [Sax. sword, sweord ; G.
schicert ; D. zwaard ; Dan. svcerd ; Sw. svard.] 1. An
olfensive weapon worn at the side, and used by hand
either for thrusting or cutting. — 2. Figuratively, destruc-
tion by war, 3, Vengeance or justice, 4. Emblem of
authority and power, 5, War ; dissension. 6. Emblem
of trmmph and protection.
* SWoRD'-BEaR-ER, 71. An officer in the city of London,
who carries a sword as an emblem of justice before the
lord mayor when he goes abroad.
*SW6RD'-BELT, n. [simrd and belt.] A belt by which a
sword is suspended and borne by the side.
^ SWoRD'-BLADE, 71. The blade or cutting part of a sword
* SWoRD'ED, a. Girded with a sword. JMilton.
t SWoRD'ER, n. A soldier ; a cut-throat. Shak.
* SWoRD'FlGHT, 71. [sw^rd and fight.] Fencing; a coin-
bat or trial of skill with swords.
*SWoRD'-FISH, 71. ^ sword and fish.] A genus of fishes.
* SWoRD'-GRASS, 71. [sword and ^ras5.] A kind of sedge,
glader ; the sweet-rush, a species of acorus. Cyc.
* SWoRD'-KNOT, 71. A ribbon tied to the hilt of a sword
*SWoRD'-LAW, 71. Violence; government by force.
* SWoRD'-MAN, n. A soldier ; a fighting man.
*SWoRD'-PLaY-ER, 71. A fencer; a gladiator; one who
exhibits his skill in the use of the sword. Hakewill.
*SWoRD'-SHaPED, a. Ensiform; shaped like a sword.
SWORE, yrei. of swear.
SWORN,;);), of swear.
fSWOUND, V. i. To swoon. Shak.
SWUM, pret. and pp. of swim.
SWUNG, 2»'et. and pp. of swing.
jSYB, or fSIB, a. [Sax.] Related by blood.
SYB-A-RIT'I€, / a. [from Sybaritce, inhabitants ot Syba-
S YB- A-RIT'I~€AL, \ i\s.] Luxurious ; wanton.
SY€'A-MINE. See Sycamore.
SYCA-MORE, 71. [Gr, avKaiiivog, avKOjjLopos.] A species of
fig-tree. [A.pseudo-platanus.] A species of maple. Pursh
SY€'A-MORE-MOTH, 71. A large ..nd beautiful moth.
SYC'ITE, 71. [Gr. avKos, fig.] Fig-stone. Cyc.
SYCO-PHAN-CY, n. Originally, information of the clan
destine exportation of figs ; hence, mean talebearing ,
obsequious flattery ; servility.
SYC'O-PHANT, 71. [Gr, cvKo<pavTri ; cvkos, a fig, and (pai-
v(i), to discover,] Originally, an informer against those
who stole figs, or exported them contrary to law, &c.
Hence, in time, it came to signify a talebearer or informer,
in general ; hence, a parasite ; a mean flatterer ; especial-
ly a flatterer of princes and great men ; hence, a deceiver ;
an impostor.
SYC'O-PHANT, I V. t. To play the sycophant ; to flat-
SYC'0-PHANT-lZE, <, ter meanly and ofliciously ; to in-
form or tell tales for gaining favor.
SYC-0-PHANT'IC, a. Talebearing ; more generally, obse-
quiously flattering ; parasitic ; courting favor by mean
adulation.
SYC'O-PHANT-RY, ?i. Mean and ofiicious talebearing or
adulation. Barrow.
SYD-Ne'AN, I a. Denoting a species of white earth brought
SYD-Ne'IAN, i from Sydney cove in South Wales
SY'E-NlTE. SeeSiENiTE.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, tJ, Y, long.—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PRJgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRD ;— t Obsolete
SYM
819
SYN
HYKE, n. A small brook or rill in low ground. [Local.]
SYL-LAB'ie, \a. \. Pertaining to a syllable or sylla-
SYL-LAB'I-€AL, \ bles. 2. Consisting of a syllable or
syllables.
SYL-LAB'I-€AL-LiY, adv. In a syllabic manner.
SYL-LAB-I-€a TION, n. Tiie act of forming syllables ; the
act or method of dividing words into syllables.
SYL'LA-BLE, n. |L. syllaba ; Gr. avWafin-] 1- A letter, or
a combination of letters, uttered together, or at a single
effort or impulse of the voice. 2. A small part of a sen-
tence or discourse ; something very concise.
t SYIi'LA-BLE, «. ^ To utter 5 to articulate. Milton.
SYL'LA-BUB, n. A compound drink made of wine and
milk.
SYL'LA-BUS, n. [L.] An abstract ; a compendium contain-
ing the heads of a discourse.
SYL-LEP'SIS, 71. [Gr. av>.'Xri(pis-] 1. In gramiaar, a figure
by wliich we conceive the sense of words otherwise than
the words import, and construe them according to the in-
tention of the author ; otherwise called suhstitution. 2
The agreement of a verb or adjective, not with the word
next to it, but with the most worthy in the sentence.
SYL'L0-6lSM, 71. [L. syllogismas ; Gi. avWoyicixog.'] A
form of reasoning or argument, consisting of three propo-
sitions, of which the two first are called Xhe, premises, and
the last the conclusion,
SYL-L0-6rS'TI€, \ a. Pertaining to a syllogism ; con-
SYL-L0-6IS'TI-€AL, \ sisting of a syllogism, or of the
form of reasoning uy syllogisms.
SYL-L0-6IS'-TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the form of a syllogism ;
by means of syllogisms.
SYL-LO-6I-Za'TION, n. A reasoning by syllogisms.
SYL'LO-GiZE, V. i. To reason by syllogisms
SYL'LO-6lZ'ER, n. One who reasons by syllogisms.
SYL'LO-6lZ-lNG, ppr. Reasoning by syllogisms.
SYLPH, 71. [Fr. sylphide ; Gr. ciXcprj.] An imaginary being
inhabiting the air. Pope.
SYL'VA, n. [L.l 1 . In poetry, a poetical piece composed in
a start or kind of transport. 2. A collection of poetical
pieces of various kinds. Cyc.
SYL'VAN. See Silvan.
SYL'VAN, 71. A fabled deity of the wood ; a satyr; a faun 5
sometimes, perhaps, a rustic.
SYL'VAN-ITE, ?i. Native tellurium, a metallic substance.
SYM'BAL. See Cymbal.
SYM'BOL, 71. [L. symholum ; Gr. o-ii///?oXov.] 1. The sign or
representation of any moral thing by the images or proper-
ties of natural things. 2. An emblem or representation of
something else. 3. A letter or chajacter which is signifi-
cant. — 4. In medals, a certain mark or figure representing
a being or thing ; as, a trident is the symbol of Neptune. —
5. Among Christians, an abstract or compendium; the
creed, or a summary of the articles of religion. Baker.
6. Lot; sentence of adjudication; [obs.]
SYM-BOL'ie, ) a. Representative ; exhibiting or ex-
SYM-BOL'I-CAL, \ pressing by resemblance or signs.
SYM-BOL'I-€AL-LY, adv. By representation or resem-
blance of properties ; by signs ; typically.
SYM'BOL-ISM, n. Among chemists, consent of parts.
SYM-BOL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act of symbolizing ; resem-
blance inproperties. Brown.
SYM'BOL-iZE, v. i. [Fr. symboliser.} To have a resemblance
of qualities or properties.
SYM'BOL-iZE, V. t. 1. lo make to agree in properties. 2.
To makerepresentative of something. Brown.
SYM'BOL-lZ-ING, ppr. Representing by some properties in
common ; making to agree or resemble.
SYM'ME-TRAL, a [from symmetry J Commensurable.
More. _
SYM-Me'TRI-AN, ) n. One eminently studious of propor-
SYM'ME-TRIST, ) tion or symmetry of parts.
SYM-MET'RI-€AL, a. Proportional in its parts ; having its
parts in due proportion, as to dimensions.
SYM-MET'RI-CAL-LY, adv. With due proportion of parts.
SYM'ME-TRiZE, v. t. To make proportional in its parts ;
to reduce to symmetry. Burke.
SYM'ME-TRY, n. [Gr. cvjxncTDia ; Fr. symetrie ; It., Sp.
simetria.] A due p'-oportion of the several parts of a body
to each other ; the ..iiion and conformity of the members
of a work to the whole.
SYM-PA-THET'ie, ) a. [Fr. sympathique.l 1. Pertain-
SYM-PA-THET'I-€AL, \ ing to sympathy. 2. Having
common feeli-ng with another; susceptible of being affect-
ed by feelings like those of another, or of feelings in con-
sequence of what another feels. — 3. Among physicians,
produced by sympathy. — 4. Among chemists and alchi-
mists) an epithet applied to a kind of powder 5. In
anatomy, sympathetic is applied to two nerves, from the
opinion t^iat their communications are the cause of sym-
pathies.
SYM-PA-THET'I-€AL-LY, adv. With sympathy or com-
mon feeling; in consequence of sympathy.
SYM'PA-THiZE, 7;. i. [Fr. sympathiser.'} 1. To have a com-
mon feeling, as of bodily pleasure or pain. 2. To teel in
consequence of what another feels ; to be affected by feel-
ings similar to those of another, in consequence of know-
ing the person to be thus affected. 3. To agree ; to fit:
[obs.]
SYM'PA-THY, 71. [Gr. ffviinaOeia.] 1. Fellow-feeling ; the
quality of being affected by the affection of another, witl*
feelings correspondent in kind, if not in degree. 2. An
agreement of affections or inclinations, or a conformity of
natural temperament, which makes two persons pleased
with each other. — 3. In medicine, a correspondence of va-
rious parts of the body in similar sensations or affections ;
or an affection of the whole body, or some part of it, in
consequence of an injury or disease of another part, or of
a local affection. Cyc. — 4. In natural history, a propension
of inanijnate things to unite, or to act on each other.
SYM-PHC'NI-OUS, a. [from symphony.] Agreeing in sound ;
accordant ;_harmonious. Milton.
SYM PHO-NiZE, V. i. To agree with ; to be in unison with.
SYM'PHO-NY, n. [L. symphonia ; Fr. symphonic.] 1. A
consonance or harmony of sounds agreeable to the ear.
2. A musical instrument. 3. A full concert. 4. An over-
ture or other composition for instruments.
SYM'PHY-SIS, 71. [Gr. Gvp<pvci';.] 1. In anatomy, the mdoxi
of bones by cartilage ; a connection of bones without a
movable joint. — 2. In surgery, a coalescence of a natural
passage ; also, the first intention of cure in a wound.
SYM-Po'SI-A€, a. [Gr. cvii-aocia.] Pertaining to compota-
tions and merry-making ; happening where company is
drinking together.
SYM-Po'SI-AC, 71. A conference or conversation of philoso-
phers ^t a banquet. Plutarch.
SYM-Po'SI-UM, n. A drinking together; a merry feast.
SYMP'TOM,7i. [Yx.symptovie; Gr. o-u/ijrrw/za.] 1. Properly
something that happens in concurrence with another
thing, as an attendant. 2. A sign or token; that which
indicates the existence of something else.
SYMP-TO-MAT'ie, )a. 1. Pertaining to symptoms ;
SYMP-TO-MAT'I-€AL, \ happening in concurrence with
something ; indicating the existence of something else. —
2. In medicine, a symptomatic disease is one which pro-
ceeds from some prior disorder in some part of the body
3. According to symptoms.
SYMP-TO-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. By means of symptoms ,
in the nature of symptoms. Wiseman.
SYMP-T0-MA-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. avixnTWija.] The doc-
trine of symptoms ; that part of the science of medicine
which treats of the symptoms of diseases.
SYN-A-GOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a synagogue.
SYN'A-GOGUE, (syn'a-gog) n. [Fr. ; Gr. avvaywyrj.] 1. A
congregation or assembly of Jews, met for the purpose of
worship or the performance of religious rites. 2. The
house appropriated to the religious worship of the Jews.
3. The court of the seventy elders among the Jews, called
the great synagogue.
SYN'A-GRIS, 71. A fish caught in the Archipelago, resem
bling the dentex.
SYN-A-LE'PHA, n. [Gr. avva'XoLfTj.] In grammar, a con-
traction of syllables by suppressing some vowel or diph-
thong at the end of a word, before another vowel or
diphthong.
SYN'AR-€HY, 71. [Gr. (rvvap)(^ia.] Joint rule or sovereignty.
SY-NAR'E-SIS, ) 71. [Gr. ovvaipetng.] Contraction ; the
SY-NAR'E-SY, ) shortening of a word by the omission
of a letter.
SYN-AR-THRO'SIS, n. [Gr. (tvv and apdpow.] Union of
bones without motion ; close union ; as in sutures, sym-
physis and the like.
SY-NAX'IS, 7?. [Gr.] A congregation ; also, a term formerly
used for the Lord's supper.
SYN-CHON-DRo'SIS, n. [Gr. cvv and xov^po?.] The con-
nection of bones by means of cartilage or gristle.
SYN'€HRO-NAL, a. [Gr. cvv and XP°'^°^-] Happening at
the same time ; simultaneous.
SYN'€HRO-NAL, n. That which happens at the same time
with something else, or pertains to the same time.
SYN-€HRON'I-€AL, a. Happening at the same time ; si-
multaneous. Boyle.
SYN'CRO-NISM, n. [Gr. cvv and %povof.] Concurrence of
two or more events in time ; simultaneousness. Hale.
SYN'CHRO-NiZE, v. i. To agree in time ; to be simulta
neous. Robinson.
SYN'CHRO-NOUS, a. Happening at the same time ; simul
taneous. Arbuthnot.
SYN'CHRO-NOUS-LY, adv. At the same time.
SYN'CHY-SIS, 71. [Gr. cvv and x^^-] ^ confusion ; a con
fused arrangement of words in a sentence. Knatchbull.
SYJM 'CO-PATE, V. t. 1. To contract, as a word, by takinj
one or more letters or syllables from the middle.— 2. I*
music, to prolong a note, begun on the unaccented part of
a bar, to the accented part of the next bar.
SYN'CO-PA-TED, pp. 1. Contracted by the loss of a letter
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE -BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett
SYN
820
SYS
from the middle ol :he word. S. Inverted, as the meas-
ure in music.
SYN-eO-PA'TION, n. 1, The contraction of a word by tak-
ing a letter, letters or a syllable from the middle.— 2. In
music, an interruption of the regular measure ; an inver-
sion of the order of notes ; a prolonging of a note, beguji
on the unaccented part of a bar, to the accented part of
the next bar.
SYN'€0-PE, ) n. [Gr. GvyKoirT},] 1. In mvs^ic, the same as syn-
SYN'CO-PY, ) copation ,- the division of a note introduced
when two or more notes of one part answer to a single
note of another. — ^. In grammar, an elision or retrench-
ment of one or more letters or a syllable from the middle
of a word. — 3. In medicine, a famting or swooning. Cyc.
SYN'€0-PIST, n. One who contracts words.
SYN'€0-PlZE, V. t. To contract by the omission of a letter
or syllable.
SYN'DI€, n. [L. syndicus ; Gr. cvv^kos.'] An officer of
government, invested with different powers in different
countries ; a kind of magistrate intrusted with the affairs
of a city or community.
SYN'DI-€ATE, n. In some countries on the European con-
tinent, a council ; a branch of government.
SYN'DI-€ATE, v. t. To judge, or to censure.
SYN'DRO-ME, \ n. [Gr. avv^fojxr].] 1. Concurrence. Olan-
SYN'DRO-MY, \ ville. — 2. In medicine, the concourse or
combination of symptoms in a disease.
SY-NE€'DO-€HE, ) n. [Gr. cvveKSoyr].] In rhetoric, a fig-
SY-NEe'DO-€HY, \ ure or trope by which the whole of
a thing is put for a part, or a part for the whole ; as tlie
genus for the species, or the species for the genus, &c.
Cyc.
SYN-E€-DOeH'I-€AL, a. Expressed by synecdoche ; im-
plying a synecdoche. Boyle.
SYN-E€-DOeH'-I-€AI^LY, adv. According to the synec-
dochical mode of speaking. Pearson.
SYN-Ee-PHO-NE'SIS, n. A contraction of two syllables
into one. Mason.
SYN-ER-6ET IC, a. Cooperating. Dean Tucker
SYN-ER-6IS'TI€, a. [Gr. avvEpya^oiiai.] Cooperating.
Dean Tucker.
SYN'GE-NESE, n. [Gr. avv and yevtcris.] In botany, a
plant whose stamens are united in a cylindrical form by
the anthers.
SYN-6E-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to the class synge-
nesia.
SYN-NEU-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. (tvv and veupov.J In anatomy,
the connection of parts by means of ligaments, as in the
movable joints.
SYN'OD, 71. [Gr. crvvoSoi.] 1. In church history, a council
or meeting of ecclesiastics to consult on matters of relig-
ion. 2. A meeting, convention or council. — 3. In astron-
omy, a conjunction of two or more planets or stars in the
same optical place of the heavens.
SYN'0-DAL, n. 1. Anciently, a pecuniary rent, paid to the
bishop or archdeacon at the time of his Easter visitation,
by every parish priest j a procuration. 2. Constitutions
made in provincial or diocesan synods, are sometimes
called synodals.
qv-Nnn/TP ' \ °" Pertaining to a synod ; transacted in
SY-NODicAU,^ a synod. Stillingjieet.
SY-NOD'I-CAL^LY, adv. By the authority of a synod.
SY-NOM'0-SY, 71. [Gr. truvw/zoata.] Sworn brotherhood j
a society in ancient Greece nearly resembling a modern
political club. Mitfard.
SY-NON'I-MAL-LY, adv. Synonymously. Spelman.
SYN'O-NYM, 71. [Gr. tn;vwvu//of.] A name, noun or other
word, having the same signification as another, is its syn-
onym.
SY-NON'Y-MA, n. phi. Words having the same significa-
tion.
f SY-NON'Y-MAL, a. Synonymous.
SY-NON'Y-MIST, a. Among botanists, a pei-son who col-
lects the different names or synonyms of plants, and
reduces them to one another.
SY-NON'Y-MiZE, v. t. To express the same meaning in
different words. Camden.
SY-NON Y-MOUS, a. Expressing the same thing; convey-
ing the same idea.
SY-NON'Y-MOUS-LY, adv. In a synonymous manner; in
the same sense ; with the same meaning.
SY-NON'Y-MY, n. 1. The quality of expressing the same
meaning by different words. — 2. In rhetoric, a figure by
which synonymous words are used to amplify a dis-
course.
SY-NOP'SIS, 71. [Gr. cvvo\\ii?.'] A general view, or a col-
lection of things or parts so arranged as to exhibit the
whole or the principal parts in a general view.
SY-NOP'Tie, \ a. Affording a general view of the
SY-NOP'TI-€AL, \ whole, or of the principal parts of a
thing.
SY-NOP'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to present
a general view in a short compass.
SY-No'VI-A, ) 71. In anatomy, the fluid secreted into the cav
SYN'O-VY, S itiesofjoints, for the purpose of lubricatinf
them.
SY-No VI-AL, a. Pertaining to synovia ; secreting a lubri
eating fluid. Cyc.
SY:\-TA€^TI€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to syntax, or tlj»
SYN-TA€'TI-€AL, \ construction of sentences. 2. Ar
cording to the rules of syntax or construction.
SYN-TA€'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In conformity to syntax.
SYN'TAX, 71. [L. syntaxis; Gr. cvvra^is.'] 1. In grammar
the construction of sentences ; the due arrangement of
words in sentences, according to established usage. 2.
Connected system or order ; union of things; [ohs.'l
SYN-TE-Rk'SIS, 7i. [Gr. ouv and T^ptw.J A remorse ot
conscienct:^. Bp. Ward.
SYN'THE-SIS, 71. [Gr. cvvQeois.] 1. Composition, or the
putting of two or more tilings togetJier, as in compound
medicines. — 2. In logic, composition, or that process of
reasoning in which we advance by a regular chain from
principles before established or assumed, and propositions
already proved, till we arrive at the conclusion. — 3. In
surgery, the operation by which divided parts are reunited.
Cyc. — 4. In chemistry, the unitmg of elements into a
compound ; the opposite of analysis.
SYN-THET'I€, ; a. Pertaining to synthesis ; consisting
SYN-THET'I-€AL, \ in synthesis or composition.
SYN-THET'I-€AL^LY, adv. By synthesis ; by composition.
SYj\'THE-TiZE, v. t. To unite in regular structure. [Utile
used.l
SYN-TON'ie, a. [Gr. cvv and rovog.'] In music, sharp ;
intense. Rousseau.
SYPH I-LIS. See Siphilis.
SY'PHON, n. [Gr. cKpwv.] A tube or pipe. More correct-
ly, siphon, which see.
Sy"'REN. See Siren.
SYR'I-AC, n. The language of Syria, especially the ancient
language of that country.
SYR'1-A€, a. Pertainuig to Syria, or its language.
SYR'I-A-CISM, n. A Syrian idiom. Milton.
SYRT-AN, a. Pertaining to Svria,
SYRT-AN-ISM, 71. A Syrian idiom. Paley.
SYR'I-ASM, n. The same as Syrianism. fVarburton.
SY-RIN'GA, 71. [Gr. cvpiy^, avpiyyos.] A genus of plants,
the lilac.
SYR'lNGEj (sir'inj) n. An instrument for injecting liquids
into animal bodies, into wounds, &c.; or an instrument in
the form of a pump, serving to imbibe any fluid, and then
to expel it with force.
SYR lN6E, v. t. To inject by means of a pipe or syringe
to wash and cleanse by injections from a syringe.
SYR-IN-GOT' 0-MY, n. [Gi. rrvpcy^ ajid rtfxvo.] The op.
eration for cutting for the fistula. Cyc.
SYRT, ?i. [L. syrtis.] A bog ; a quicksand. Young.
SYR'TIS, 71. [L.l A quicksand. [JSTot English.] Milton.
SYR'UP. See Sirup.
SYS'TA-SIS, 74. [Gr. cvaraaig.] The consistence of a
thing; constitution. [Little u^ed.] Burke.
SYS'TEM, 7i. [Fr. systeme ; L, systema ; Gr. o-u(rr»//ja.l 1.
An assemblage of things adjusted into a regular whole 3
or a whole plan or scheme consisting of many parts con-
nected in such a manner as to create a chain of mutual
dependencies. 2. Regular method or order. — 3. In music,
an interval compounded or supposed to be compounded
of several lesser intervals.
SYS-TE-MAT'I€, \ a. 1. Pertaming to system; con-
SYS-TE-MAT'I-€AL, ^ sisting in system; methodical.
2. Proceeding according to system or regular method.
SYS-TE-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the form of a system ;
methodicallv. Boyle.
SYS'TEM-A-TIST, I n. One who forms a system, or re-
SYS'TEM-A-TiZ-ER, \ duces to system.
*SYS'TEM-A-TiZE, v.t. [Systemize is the more regular
and proper formation of tliis word.] To reduce to a sys-
tem or regular method.
SYS-TEM-I-Za'TION, n. The actor operation of systemiz-
ing; the reduction of things to system or regular
method.
SYS'TEM-iZE, V. t. To reduce to system or regular
method. _
SYS'TEM-IZED, pp. Reduced to system or method.
SYS'TEM-lZ-ER, n. One who reduces things to system.
SYS'TEM-lZ-ING, ppr. Reducing to system or due meth-
od.
SYS'TEM-MaK-ER, 71. One who forms a system.
SYS'TEM-M6N-GER, n. One given to the forming of sys
tems. Chesterfield.
SYS'TO-LE, ] n. [Gr. uvcTo\ri.] 1. In grammar, the
SYS'TO-LY, S shortening of a long syllable.— 2. In anat-
omy, the contraction of the heart for expelling the bloo'l
and carrying on the circulation.
* «/.« ««r,o^fl, X w T o f7, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY;— PIN," MARINE, BiRD;— ] Obsolete.
TAB
821
TAG
SYS'TYLE, n. [Gr. gvv and aruXos.] In architecture, the
manner of placing columns, where the place between the
two shafts consists of two diameters or four modules.
S"2THE, ?i. [Sax. sMe; D. seissen.] 1. An instrument for
mowing grass, or cutting other grain or vegetables. 2. The
curved sharp blade used anciently in war chariots.
t S^THE, V. t. To mow. Shan.
SyTHED, a. Armed with sythes, as a chariot.
SYTHE'MAN, n. One who uses a sythe ; a mower.
SYZ'Y-6Y, n. [Gr. av^vyia.] The conjunction or opposi-
tion of a planet with the sun, or of any two of the
heavenly bodies.
T.
IT ia the twentieth letter of the English Alpliabet,, and a
• close consonant. It represents a close joining of the
end of the tongue to the root of the upper teeth, as may
be perceived by the syllables at, et, ot, ut, in attempting
to pronounce which, the voice is completely intercepted
It is therefore numbered among the mutes, or close artic-
ulations, and it differs from d chiefly in its closeness.
The letters tl, before a vowel, and unaccented, usually
pass into the sound of sh, as in nation, motion, partial. In
this case, t loses entirely its proper sound. In a few
words, the combination ti has the sound of the English ch,
as in Christian, question.
T. as an abbreviation, stands for theolo^ia ; as, S. T. D.
sancta theologia doctor, doctor of divinity.
As a numeral, T, among the Latins, stood for 160, and, with
a dash over the top, T, for 160,000.
TAB'ARD, n. [W. tahar ; It. tabarra.] A short gown ; a
herald's coat. [JVoJ used in the U. States.]
TA B'ARD-ER, n One who wears a tabard .
TAB-A-SHEER, n A Persian word signifying a concretion
found in the joints of the bamboo.
TAB'BIED, pp. Watered ; made wavy.
TAB'BY, a. Brinded ; brindled ; diversified in color.
TAB'BY, n. [Fr. tabis ; It., Sp., Port, tabi ; Dan. tabin.] 1.
A kind of waved silk, usually watered. 2. A mixture of
stone or shells and mortar, which becomes hard as a rock.
TAB'BY, V. t. To water or cause to look wavy. Cyc.
TAB'BY-ING, n. The passing of stuffs under a calender to
give them a wavy appearance.
TAB-E-F ACTION, n. [L. tabeo and facio.] A wasting
away ; a gradual losing of flesh by disease.
TAB'E-FY, V i. [Heb.] To consume ; to waste gradually ;
to lose flesh. [Little used.] Harvey.
TAB'ERD. See Tabard.
TAB'ER-NA-€LE, n. [L. tabernaculuvi.] 1. A tent. J^Tuvi.
xxiv. 2. A temporary habitation. — 3. Among the Jews,
movable building, so contrived as to be taken to pieces
with ease and reconstructed, for the convenience of being
carried during the wanderings of the Israelites in the
wilderness. 4. A place of worship ; a sacred place. 5.
Our natu^-al body. 2 Cor. v. 6. God's gracious presence,
or the tokens of it. Rev. xxi. 7. An ornamented chest
placed on the Roman Catholic altars as a receptacle of the
ciborium and pyxis.
TAB'ER-NA -fJLE, v. i. To dwell ; to reside for a time ; to
be housed.
TAB-ER-NA€'U-LAR, a. Latticed. Warton.
TAB'ID, a. [Fr. tabide ; L. tabidus.] Wasted by disease ;
consumptive Arbuthnot.
TAB'ID-NESS, n. State of being wasted by disease ; con-
sumptiveness.
tTAB'I-TUDE, 71. [L. tabitudo.] A consumption ; a wast-
ing away by disease. Cockcrani.
TAB'LA-TURE, 71. 1. Painting on walls and ceilings; a
single piece comprehended in one view, and formed ac-
cording to one design. — 'H. In music, the expression of
sounds or notes of composition by letters of the alphabet
or ciphers, or other characters. — 3. In anatomy, a division
or parting of the skull into two tables.
Ta'BLE, 71. [Fr.; L tabula; It. tavola; Sp. tabla.] 1. A
flat surface of some *»xtent, or a thing that has a flat sur-
face. 2. An article of furniture, used for a great variety
of purposes, as for holding dishes of meat, for writing on,
&c. 3. Fare or entertainment of provisions. 4. The
persons sitting at table or partaking of entertainment. 5.
A tablet ; a surface on which any thing is written or en-
graved. 6. A picture, or something that exhibits a view
of any thing on a flat surface. — 7. Amoncc Christians, the
table, or Lord's table, is the sacrament, or holy communion
of the Lord's supper. 8. The altar of burnt-offering. Mai.
i. — 9. In architecture, a smooth, simple member or orna-
ment, of various forms, most usually in that of a long
•.quare. — 10. In perspective, a plain surfece, supposed to
be transparent and perpendicular to the horizon.— 11. In
anatomy, a division of the cranium or skull. — 12. In the
D-lass manufactwre, a circular sheet of finished glass. — 13.
In literature, an index ; a collection of heads or principal
matters contained in a book, with references to the pages
where each may be found. 14. A synopsis ; many partic-
ulars brought into one view. 15. The palm of the hand
16. Draughts ; small pieces of wood shifted on squares
— 17. In mathematics, tables are systems of numbers cal-
culated to be ready for expediting operations. — 18 Astro-
nomical tables are computations of the motions, places
and other phenomena of the planets, both primary and
secondary. — 19. In chemistry, a list or catalogue of sub-
stances or their properties. — 20. In general, any series of
numbers formed on mathematical or other correct princi-
ples. 21. A division of the ten coniinandir.ents ; as the
first and second tables. — 22. Among jewelers, a table dia-
mond, or other precious stone, is one whose upper surface
is quite flat, and the sides only cut in angles. 23. A list
or catalogue.
Twelve tables, the laws of the Romans, so called, probably,
because engraved on so many tables. — To turn the tables,
to change the condition or fortune of contending parties ;
a metaphorical expression taken from the vicissitudes of
fortune in gaming. Drydcn.
Ta'BLE, v. i. To board ; to diet or live at the table of
another. South.
Ta'BLE, v. t. 1. To form into a table or catalogue. 2. To
board ; to supply with food. 3. To let one piece of timber
into another, by alternate scores or projections from the
middle.
Ta'BLE-BED,7i. a bed in the form of a table.
Ta'BLE-BEER, n. Beer for the table ; small be'er.
Ta'BLE-BOOK, n. [table and book.] A book on which
any thing'is engraved or written without ink.
Ta'BLE-€LOTH, 71. A cloth for covering a table.
Ta'BLED, pp. Formed into a table.
Ta'BLE-LAND, n. Elevated, flat land.
Ta'BLE-MAN, n. A man at draughts ; a piece of wood.
Ta'BLER, n. One who boards. Ainsworth.
Ta'BLES, 71. plu. A board used for back-gammon.
TAB'LET, 71. 1. A small table or flat surface. 2. Something
flat on which to write, paint, draw or engrave. 3. A
medicine in a square form.
Ta'BLE-TALK, n. Conversation at table or at meals.
TA'BlilNGl'ppr. Boarding; forming into a table; letting
one timber into another by scores.
Ta'BLING, n. 1. A forming into tables ; a setting down in
order. 2. The letting of one timber into another by alter-
nate scores or projections, as in ship-building. — 3. In sail-
makiiig, a broad hem made on the skirts of sails by turning
over the edge of tlie canvas, and sewing it down.
TA-BOO', 71. In the isles of the Pacific, a word denoting
prohibition or religious interdict, which is of great force
among the inhabitants.
TA-BOO', V. t. To forbid, or to forbid the use of; to inter-
dict approach or use.
Ta'BOR, 71. [W. tabwrz ; Ir. tabar ; Old Fr. tabour.] A
small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or fife.
Ta'BOR, v. i. 1. To strike lightly and frequently. 2. To
play on a tabor or little drum.
Ta'BOR-ER, n. One who beats the tabor. Shak.
TAB'0-RET, 71. [from tabor.] A small tabor. Spectator.
TAB'O-RINE, \7i. [¥r. tabourin.] A tabor; a small drum.
TAB'0-RIN, \ Shale.
t T/V«'RERE, n. A taborer. Spenser.
TAB'RET, 71. A tabor. 1 Sam. xviii.
TAB'U-LAR, a. [L. tabularis.] 1. In the form of a table 5
having a flat or square surface. 2. Having the form ot
lamina or plates. 3. Set down in tables. 4. Set in squares.
TAB'U-LATE, v. t. 1. To reduce to tables or synopses. 2.
To shape with a flat surface. Johnso7i.
TAB'U-LA-TED, pp. Having a flat or square flat surface.
TAC-A-MA-HACA, )n. 1. A tree of a sweet fragrance,
TAC-A-MA-HAC, \ planted in gardens as an ornament.
2. A resin obtained in America from the fragara octandra.
Ta'CE, from L. taceo, a term used in Italian music, direct-
ing to be silent.
Ta'CET, in music, is used when a vocal or instrumental part
is to be silent during a whole movement. Cyc.
t TACH, ) n. Something used for taking hold or holding •
t TACHE, \ a catch ; a loop ; a button.
t TA-€HYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. raxvs and y^acpu).] The
art or practice of quick writing.
TACIT, a. [Fr. tacite ; L. tacitus.j Silent ; implied, but
See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J •, S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this f Obsolete.
TAT
822
TAK
not expressed. Tacit consent is consent by silence, or
not interposing an objection.
TAC'IT-LY, adv. Silently ; by implication ; without words.
TAC'I-TURN, ffl. [L. tacitumus.] Habitually silent 3 not
free to converse ; not apt to talk or speak. Smollett.
TAC-I-TURN'I-TY, n. [Fr. tacitumite ; L. tacitumitas .']
Habitual silence or reserve in speaking. Arbuthnot.
£A€K,v. t. [Gr. raairw ; Fr. attacker; It. attaccare; Sp.
atacar.] 1. To fasten ; to attach. 2. To unite by stitch-
ing together. 3. To fasten slightly by nails.
t TACK, or t TACHE, n. [Fr. tache.] A spot.
TA€K, n. [Ir. taca ; Arm. tach.] 1. A small nail. 2. A
rope used to confine the foremost lower corners of the
courses and stay-sails. 3. The part of a sail to which the
tack is usually fastened. 4. The course of a ship in re-
gard to th3 position of her sails.— To hold tack, to last or
hold out. Tusser.
TA€K, V. i. To change the course of a ship by shifting the
tacks and position of the sails from one side to the other.
Mar. Diet.
TA€K, n. In rural economy, a shelf on which cheese is
dried. {Local.] — TVzc/co/Zarwf, the termof alease. [Local.]
TAeK'ER, n. One who tacks or makes an addition.
TA€K'ET, 71. A small nail. Barret.
TA€K'ING, ppr. Changing a ship's course.
TAG'KLE, n. [D. takel ; G. takel, takeln ; Sw. tackel,tackla ;
Dan. takkel, takler.] 1. A machine for raising or lowering
heavy weights, consisting of a rope and blocks, called a
pulley. 2. Instruments of, action ; weapons. 3. An ar-
row. 4. The rigging and apparatus of a ship.
TA€'KLE, v.. t. 1. To harness ; as, to tackle a horse into a
gig ; [a common use of the word in America.] 2. To
seize ; to lay hold of. [JVew England.] 3. To supply
with tackle. Beaumont.
TA€'KLED, pp. I. Harnessed ; seized. 2. Made of ropes
tacked together. Shak.
TA€K'LING, ppr. Harnessing ; putting on harness ; seiz-
ing J falling on.
rA€K'LING, 71. 1. Furniture of the masts and yards of a
ship, as cordage, sails, &c. 2. Instruments of action. 3.
Harness ; the instruments of drawing a carriage.
TACKS'MAN, 71. One who holds a tack or lease of land
from another ; a tenant or lessee. [Local.]
TACT, 71. [L. tactus ; Fr. tact ; It. tatto ; Sp. tacto.] 1.
Touch ; feeling 5 formerly, the stroke in beating time in
music. [T)a.n. tagt.] 2. Peculiar skill or faculty 3 nice
perception or discernment. Am. Review.
TA€'TI€, ) a. [See Tactics,] Pertaining to the art of
TA€'TI-€AL, \ military and naval dispositions for battle,
evolutions, &c.
TA€-TI"CIAN, n. One versed in tactics.
TA€'TieS, n. [Gr. tuktikos ; Fr. tactique.] 1. The science
and art of disposing military and naval forces in order for
battle, and performing military and naval evolutions. 2.
The art of inventing and making machines for throwing
darts, arrows, stones and other missile weapons.
TA€'TlLE, I a. [Fr. tactile ; L. tactilis.] Tangible ; sus-
TAOTIL, \ ceptibleof touch ; that may be felt. iTaZe.
TA€-TIL'I-TY, n. Tangibleness ; perceptibility of touch.
TACTION, 71. [Fr. ; L. tactio.] The act of touching ;
touch.
TA-DOR'NA, 71. [Sp. tadorno.] A name of the shel-drake,
vulpanser, or borough-duck. Cyc.
TAD'POLE, n. [Sax. tade, with pola.] A frog in its first
state from the spawn ; a porwiggle.
Ta'EN, (tane). The poetical contraction of taken.
TAF'EL-SPATH, n. A lamellar mineral.
TAF'FER-EL, 71. [D.taffereel.] The upper part of a ship's
stern, which is flat like a table on the top, and sometimes
ornamented with carved work. Cyc.
TAF'FE-TA, n. [Fr. tafetas, taffetas ; It. taffetta.] A fine,
smooth stuff of silk, having usually a remarkable gloss.
TAG, n. [Sw. tagg ; Ice. tag; Dan. tagger, takker.] 1. A
metallic point put to the end of a string. 2. Something
mean and paltry ; [vulgar.] Shak. 3. A young sheep ;
[local.]
TAG, V. t. 1. To fit with a point ; as, to tag lace. 2. To fit
one thing to another ; to append to. 3. To join or fasten.
Swift.
TAG, n. A play in which the person gains who tags, that
is, touches another.
TAG-SORE, 71. A disease in sheep. Cyc,
TAG-TaIL, n. [tag and tail.] A worm which has its tail
of another color. Walton.
TAIL, 71. [Sax. tcBgl ; Ice. tagl.] 1. The part of an animal
which terminates its body behind. 2. The lower part,
noting inferiority. 3. Any thing hanging long ; a catkin.
4. The hinder part of any thing. — 5. In anatomy, that
tendon of a muscle which is fixed to the movable part. —
6. In botany, the tail of a sp^ed is a downy or feathery ap-
pendage to certain seeds, formed of the permanent elon-
gated style. Cyc. — 7. Horse^s tail, among the Tartars and
Chinese, is an ensign or flag ; among the Turks, a stan-
dard borne before the grand visier, bashaws and the san»
giacs. — 8. In heraldry, the tail of a hart. — P. In music, the
part of a nete running upwards or downwards. 10. The
extremity or last end.
Tail, 71. [Fr. tailler ; Sp. tallar ; It. tagliare.] In law^ an
estate in tail is a limited fee ; an estate limited to certain
heirs, and from which the other heirs are precluded.
Tail, v. t. To pull by the tail. Hudibras.
TaILLE, (tale) n. The fee which is opposite to fee-shnple,
because it is so minced or pared, that it is not in his free
power to be disposed of, who owns it ; bu* it is, bj- the first
giver, cut or divided from all other, and tied to the issue
of the donee. Cowel.
ITaIL'AGE, or tTAL'LI-A6E,7i. [Fr. tailler.] Literally,
a share ; hence, a tax or toll. Blackstone.
Tailed, a. Having a tall. Grew.
TaIL'INGS, n. plu. The lighter parts of grain blown to one
end of the heap in winnowing. [Local.]
TaIL'OR, n. [Fr. tailleur.] One whose occupation is to cut
out and make men's garments.
TaIL'OR, v. i. To practice making men's clothes. Oreen.
TaIL'OR-ESS, 71. A female who makes garments for men .
TaIL'OR-ING, n. The business of a tailor.
TaINT, v. t. [Fr. teindre ; L. tingo.] 1. To imbue or im-
pregnate, as with some extraneous matter which alters the
sensible qualities of the substance. — ^2. More generally, to
impregnate with something odious, noxious or poisonous
3. To infect ; to poison. 4. To corrupt, as by incipient
putrefaction. 5. To stain; to sully; to tarnish. 6. To
corrupt, as blood ; to attaint ; [obs.] see Attaint.
TaINT, v. i. 1. To be infected or corrupted ; to be touched
with something corrupting. 2. To be aff"ected with incipi-
ent putrefaction.
TaINT, n. 1. Tincture ; stain. 2. Infection ; corruption ;
depravation. 3. A stain ; a spot ; a blemish on reputa-
tion. 4. An insect ; a kind of spider.
TaINT'ED, pp. Impregnated with something noxious, dis-
agreeable to the senses, or poisonous ; infected ; corrupted j
stained.
TaINT'FREE, a. Free from taint or guilt.
TaINT'ING, 2)pr. Impregnating with something foul or poi-
sonous ; infecting ; corrupting ; staining.
TaINT'LESS, a. Free from taint or infection ; pure. Swift.
TaINT'URE, n. [L. tinctura.] Taint ; tinge ; defilement j
stain ; spot. [J^Tot much used.] Shak.
TAJASSU ( **■ "^^^ peccary or Mexican hog.
TAKE, V. t. ; pret. took ; pp. taken. [Sax. twcan, thicgan ,
Sw. taga ; Dan. tager ; Ice. taka.] 1. In vl general sense^
to get hold or gain possession of a thing in almost any
manner, either by receiving it when offered, or by using
exertion to obtain it. — Take differs from seize, as it does
not always imply haste, force or violence. 2. To receive
what is offered. 3. To lay hold of; to get into one's
power for keeping. 4. To receive with a certain affection
of mind. 5. To catch by surprise or artifice • to circum-
vent. 6. To seize : to make prisoner. 7. To captivate
with pleasure ; to engage the affections ; to delight. 8.
To get into one's power by engines or nets ; to entrap ; to
insnare. 9. To understand in a particular sense ; to re-
ceive as meaning. 10. To exact and receive. II. To
employ ; to occupy. 12. To agree to ; to close in with ;
to comply with. 13. To form and adopt. 14. To catch ;
to embrace ; to seize. 15. To admit ; to receive as an im-
pression ; to suffer. 16. To obtain by active exertion.
17. To receive ; to receive into the mind. 18. To swal-
low, as meat or drink. 19. To swallow, as medicine.
20. To choose ; to elect. 21. To copy. 22. To fasten
on ; to seize. 23. To accept ; not to refuse. 24. To
adopt. 25. To admit. 26. To receive, as any temper or
disposition of mind. 27. To endure ; to bear \vithout re-
sentment. 28. To draw ; to deduce. 29. To assume.
30. To allow ; to admit ; to receive as true, or not disput-
ed. 31. To suppose ; to receive in thought ; to entertain
in opinion ; to understand. 32. To seize ; to invade. 33.
To have recourse to. 34. To receive into the mind. 35.
To hire ; to rent ; to obtain possession on lease. 36. To
admit in copulation. 37. To draw ; to copy ; to paint a
likeness. 38. To conquer and cause to surrender ; to gam
possession of by force or capitulation. 39. To be discov-
ered or detected. 40. To require or be necessary.
To take away. 1. To deprive of; to bereave. 2. To remove.
— To take care. 1. To be careful ; to be solicitous for.
2. To be cautious or vigilant. — To take care of, to super-
intend or oversee ; to have the charge of keeping or secur-
ing. — To take a course, to resort to ; to have recourse to
measures. — To take one^s own course, to act one's pleas-
ure ; to pursue the measures of one's own choice. — Tc
take down. 1. To reduce; to bring lower; to depress.
2. To swallow. 3. To pull down ; to pull to pieces. 4,
To write.— To take from. 1. To deprive of. 2. To de-
duct; to subtract. 3. To detract; to derogate. — To take
heed, to be careful or cautious. — To take heed to, to attend
to with care. — To take hold, to seize ; to fix on. — To take
* See Synopsis A, E, T, C "5, Y, Zow^.— FAR, FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
TAL
823
TAL
tft. 1. To inclose ; to fence. 2. To encompass or em-
brace ; to comprise ; to comprehend. 3. To draw into a
smaller compass; to contract 3 to brail or furl. 4. To
cheat ; to circumvent ; to gull. 5. To admit ; to receive.
6. To win by conquest ; [obs.] 7. To receive into the
mind or undei-standing. — To fake in hand, to undertake ;
to attempt to execute any thing. — To take notice, 1. To
observe ; or to observe with particular attention. 2. To
show by some act that observation is made ; to make re-
mark upon. — To take oath, to swear with solemnity, or in
a judicial manner. — To take off. 1. To remove, in various
ways ; to remove from the top of any thing. 2. To cut off.
3. To destroy. 4. To remove ; to invalidate. 5. To wim-
draw ; to call or draw away. 6. To swallow. 7. To
purchase ; to take from in trade. 8. To copy. 9. To im-
itate ; to mimic. 10. To find place for.— To take off from,
to lessen ; to remove in part. — To take order with, to
check. — To take out. 1. To remove from within a place ;
to separate ; to deduct. 2. To draw out ; to remove ; to
clear or cleanse from. — T'o take part, to share. — To take
part with, to unite with 3 to join with. — To take place. 1 .
To happen ; to come, or come to pass. 2. To have effect 3
to prevail. — To take effect, to have the intended effect;
to be efficacious. — To take root. 1. To live and grow, as
a plant. 2. To be established, as principles. — To take up.
1. To lift 3 to raise. 2. To buy or borrow. 3. To begin.
— 4. In surgery, to fasten with a ligature. 5. To engross ;
to employ 3 to engage the attention. 6. To have final re-
course to. 7. To seize 5 to catch 3 to arrest. 8. To ad-
mit. 9. To answer by reproof 3 to reprimand, 10. To
begin where another left off. 11. To occupy 5 to fill. 12.
To assume 3 to carry on or manage for another. 13. To
comprise 3 to include. 14. To adopt 5 to assume, 15. To
collect 3 to exact a tax. 16. To paj' and receive. — To take
%ip arms, or to take arms, to begin war 3 to begin resistance
by force. — To take upon. I. To assume 3 to undertake.
2. To appropriate to 5 to admit to be imputed to. — To take
side, to join one of twodiffering parties. — To take to heart,
to be sensibly affected by. — To take advantage of, to catch
by surprise 3 or to make use of a favorable state of things
to the prejudice of another. — To take the advantafre of, to
use any advantage offered. — To take air, to be divulged
or made public 3 to be disclosed, as a secret. — To take the
air, to expose one's self to the open air. — To take a course,
to begin a certain direction or way of proceeding — To
take leave, to bid adieu or farewell.— T'o take breath, to
rest 3 to be recruited or refreshed, — To take aim, to direct
the eye or a weapon to a particular object. — To take along,
to carry, lead or convey. — To take a way, to begin a par-
ticular course or direction.
TAKE, v.i. 1. To move or direct the course 3 to resort to,
or to attach one's self; to betake one's self. 2. To please 3
to gain reception. Addison. 3. To liave the intended or
natural effect. 4. To catch 3 to fix, or be fixed.
To take after. 1. To learn to follow ; to copy 3 to imitate.
2. To resemble. — To take in icith, to resort to. — To take
for, to mistake 3 to suppose or think one thing to be an-
other. — To take on. 1. To be violently affected. 2. To
claim, as a character. — To take to. 1. To apply to 3 to be
fond of. 2. To resort to 3 to betake to. — To take up. 1.
To stop 3 {obs.'] 2. To reform 3 {obs.] — To take up with.
1. To be contented to receive ; to receive without opposi-
tion. 2, To lodge 3 to dwell 3 \_obs.] — To take with, to
please.
TaK'EN, (ta'kn) pp. of take. Received ; caught 3 appre-
hended 3 captivated, &c.
TaK'ER, n. 1. One that takes or receives ; one who catches
or apprehends. 2. One that subdues and causes to sur-
render.
TaK'ING, ppr. 1. Receiving : catching ; getting possession ;
apprehending. 2. a. Alluring ; attracting.
TaK'ING, n. 1. The act of gaining possession ; a seizing 3
seizure; apprehension. 2. Agitation; distress of mind.
TaK'ING-NESS, n. The quality of pleasing. Taylor.
TAL-A-POIiV, n. In Siav\, a priest, or one devoted to re-
ligion ; also, a species of monkey.
TAL'BOT, ?i, A sort of dog, noted for his quick scent and
eager pursuit of game. Johnson.
TALe, )n. [G. talk, isinglass; talg, tallow 3 Sw. talk,
TAL€K, \ talg, tallow 3 Dan. tmlg, talg, tallow, and talk,
talgsteen, tallow-stone 5 D. talk, fallow 5 Port., Sp. talco.]
A species of magnesian earth, consisting of broad, flat,
smooth laminfe or plates unctuous to the touch, of a shin-
ing lustre, translucent, and often transparent.
TAL€K'ITE, n. A species of talck of a loose form.
TALOK'OUS, a. Talcky. [But talcous or talckous is ill
formed.]
TALeK'Y, a. 1. Like talck 5 consisting of talck. 2, Con-
taining talck.
TALE, n. 1. A story 3 a narrative 3 the rehearsal of a series
of events or adventures, commonly some trifling inci-
dents 3 or a fictitious narrative. 2. Oral relation. 3.
Reckoning 3 account set down. Ex. v 4. Number reck-
oned. 5. A telling 3 information 3 disclosure of any thing
secret.— 6, In law, a count or declaration ; [obs.]— 7 In
commerce, a weight for gold and silver in China and other
parts of the E, Indies ; also, a money of account.
fTA^LE, ti. i. To tell stories. Oower.
TaLE'BEaR-ER, n. A person who ofiiciously te'Is tales
one who impertinently communicates intelligence or an-
ecdotes, and makes mischief in society by his ofiicious-
ness.
TaLE BEaR-ING, a. Ofiiciously communicating informa-
tion.
TaLE'BEaR-ING, 71. The act of informing officiously;
communication of secrets maliciously.
TaLE'FUL, a. Abounding with stories. Thomson.
TALENT, 11. [L. talentum ; Gr. raXavrov.] 1, Among the
ancients, a weight, and a coin. — 2. Talent, among the
Hebrews, as a gold coin, was the same with a shekel of
gold ; called, also, stater, and weighing only four
drachmas. The Hebrew talent of silver, called dear,
was equivalent to three thousand shekels, or one hundred
and thirteen pounds ten ounces and a fraction, troy
weight. 3. Faculty 3 natural gift or endowment 3 a meta-
phorical application of the word said to be borrowed from
the Scriptural parable of the talents. Jlatt. xxv. 4. Em-
inent abilities 3 superior genius. 5. Particular faculty ;
skill. 6. [Sp. talante.^ Q,uality ; disposition. Swift.
TAL'ENT-ED, a. Furnished with talents 3 possessing skill
or talents, Ch. Spectator.
Ta'LES, n. [L. talis, plu, faZe^.J In law, tales de circuvi-
stantibus, spectators in court, from whom the sheriff is t<
select men to supply any defect of jurors who are impan
neled, but who may not appear, or may be challenged.
TaLE'TEL-LER, n. One who tells tales or stories. Guai
dian.
TAL'I-qN,w. Law of retaliation. Scott.
TAL-I-o'NIS. Lex talionis, [L.] in law, the law of retali-
ation. See Retaliate.
TAL'JS-MAN, n. [said to be Arabic or Persian.] 1. A
magical figure cut or engraved under certain superstitious
observances of the configuration of the heavens, to which
wonderful effects are ascribed. 2. Something that pro-
duces extraordinary effects. Swift.
TAL-lS-MAN'ie, a. Magical 3 having the properties of a
talisman or preservative against evils.
TALK, (tank) v. i. [Dan. talker ; Sw. tolka ; D. tolken.]
T. To converse familiarly 3 to speak, as in familiar dis-
course, when two or more persons interchange thoughts,
2, To prate 3 to speak impertinently. 3, To talk of, to
relate ; to tell ; to give account. 4. To speak ; to reason ;
to confer. — To talk to, in familiar language, to advise or
exhort ; or to reprove gently.
TALK, (tauk) n. 1. Familiar converse 3 mutual discourse ;
that which is uttered by one person in familiar conversa-
tion, or the mutual converse of two or more. 2. Report ;
rumor. 3. Subject of discourse. — 4. Among the Indians
of JVorth America, a public conference, as respecting
peace or war, negotiation and the like.
TALK. A mineral. See Talck
TALK'A-TiVE, (tauk'a-tiv) a. Given to much talking; full
of prate 5 loquacious 3 garrulous.
TALK'A-TiVE-NESS, (tauk'a-tiv-nes) n. Loquacity ; gar-
rulity 3 the practice or habit of speaking much in conver-
sation. Swift.
TALK'ER, (tauk'er) n. 1. One who talks 3 also, a loqua-
cious person, male or female 3 a prattler. 2. A boaster,
TALK'ING, (tauk'ing) ppr. 1. Conversing 3 speaking in fa-
miliar conversation. Matt. xvii. 2. a. Given to talking j
loquacious. Goldsmith.
TALK'ING, (tauk'ing) n. The act of conversing familiarly.
TALL, a. [W. tal ; talhu, to grow tall.] 1. High in stature ;
long and comparatively slender ; applied to a person, or to
a standing tree, mast or pole. 2, Sturdy ; lusty 3 bold ;
[unusual.]
TAL'LAfiE, ) n. [Fr. tailler.] Anciently, a certain rate
TAL'LI-AGE, \ or tax paid by barons, knights and infe-
rior tenants, towards the public expenses.
TAL'LAGE, v. t. To lay an impost, Bp. Ellis.
TALL'NESS, m. Height of stature. See Tall,
TAL'LoW, 71, [Dan. toilg ; D. talk ; G., Sw. talg.] A sort
of animal fat, particularly that which is obtained from an-
imals of the sheep and ox kinds.
TAL'LoW', V. 1. 1. To grease or smear with tallow. 2. To
fatten 3 to cause to have a large quantity of tallow.
Farmers.
TAL'LoW-eAN-DLE, 71. A candle made of tallow.
TAL'LoW-CHAND'LER, n. [Fr. chandelier.] One whose
occupation is to make, or to make and sell, tallow-candles
TAL'LoWED, pp. 1. Greased or smeared with tallow. 2.
Made fat 3 filled with tallow.
TAL'LoW-ER, n. An animal disposed to form tallow in-
ternally. Cyc.
TAL'LoW-FaCED, a. Having a sickly complexion 3 pale.
Burt 071.
TAL'LoW-ING, ppr. 1. Greasing with tallow. 2, Causing
to gather tallow ; a term in agriculture.
* Soi Synopiis Mc>V ^^ BOOK, D6VE ;— ET.'LL. UNITE.— € as K ; G as J i S as Z 3 CH as SH ; TH aa ; n this.
t Obsole:^^,
TAM
824
TAN
TAL'LoW-IJVG, n. Tlie act, practice or art of causing ani-
mals to gather tallow ; or the property in animals of form-
ing tallow internally ; a term in agriculture. Cyc.
TAL'LoW-ISH, a. Having the properties or nature of tal-
low.
T AL'LoW-Y, a. Greasy ; having the qualities of tallow.
TAL'LY, 71. [Fr. tailler ; Port, talhar ; Sp. tallar.] 1. A
piece of wood on which notches or scores are cut, as the
marks of number. 2. One tiling made to suit another.
TAL LY, V. t. 1. To score with correspondent notches ; to
fit ; to suit ; to make to correspond. — 2. In seamaiiship, to
pull aft tlie sheets or lower comers of the main and fore-
sail.
TAL'LY, V. i. To be fitted 3 to suit ; to correspond.
t TAL'LY, adv. Stoutly ; with spirit. Beaumont.
TAL'LY-ING, ppr. 1. Fitting to each other ; making to cor-
respond. 2. Agreeing ; corresponding. 3. Hauling aft
the comers of the main and fore-sail.
TAL'LY-MAN, n. 1. One who sells for weekly payment.
2. One who keeps the tally, or marks the sticks.
TAL'MUD, 71. [Ch.] The body of the Hebrew laws, tra-
ditions and explanations ] or the book that contains
them.
TAL'MU-DI€, ) a. Pertaining to the Talmud 5 coniain-
TAL-MU'DI-€AL, ) ed in the Talmud ; as, Talmudic fa-
bles. Enfield.
TAL'MU-DIST, n. One versed in the Talmud.
TAL-MU-DIST'I€, a. Pertaining to the Talmud ; resem-
bling the Talmud.
TAL'ON, n. [Fr., Sp. talon.] 1. The claw of a fowl. Ba-
con. — ^2. In architecture^ a kind of molding, concave at
the bottom, and convex at the top.
Ta'LUS, 71. [L. talus.'] 1. In anatomy, the astragalus, or
that bone of the foot which is articulated to the leg.— 2. In
architecture, a slope ; the inclination of any work. — 3. In
fortification, the slope of a work, as a bastion, rampart or
parapet.
Ta'MA-BLE, a. Tliat may be tamed ; capable of being re-
claimed from vsaldness or savage ferociousness ; that may
be subdued.
Ta'MA-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being tamable.
T AM'A-RIN, n. A small monkey of South America.
TAM'A-EIND, n. [Sp. tamarindo ; Port. plu. tamarindos ;
It. tamarino, tamarindi : Fr. tamarin.] A tree, a native
of the East Indies, and of Arabia and Egypt.
TAM'A-RINDS, n. plu. The preserved "seed-pods of the
tamarind, which abound with an acid pulp. Cyc.
TAM'A-RISK, 71. A tree or shrub of the genus tamarix.
TAM'BA€, n. A mixture of gold and copper.
TAM'BOR, 71. [Sp., Port, tambor ; It. tamburo.] 1. A small
drum, used by the Biscayans as an accompaniment to the
flageolet. — 2. In architecture, a term applied to the Co-
rinthian and Composite capitals, which bear sr.me resem-
blance to a drum. 3. A little box of timber work covered
with a ceiling, within the porches of certain churches. 4.
A round course of stones, several of which f'rm the shaft
of a pillar, not so high as a diameter. — 5. a the arts, a
species of embroidery.
TAM'BOR, V. t. To embroider with a lambor
TAM-BO-RlNE', ) n. [Fr. tambourin : Sp. taviboril.] 1. A
TAMBO-RIN, \ small drum. 2. A 'ively French
dance, formerly in vogue in operas.
TAME, a. [Sax., Dan., D. tarn ; Sw. tain, tamd.] 1. That
has lost its native wildness and shyness; mild; accus-
tomed to man; domestic. 2. Crushed; subdued; de-
pressed ; spiritless. 3. Spiritless ; unaniniated.
TAME, V. t. [Sax. tamian, getemian : Goth, ga-tamyan ;
Dan. tcemnier; Sw. tamia ; D. tammcn.] 1. To reclaim;
to reduce from a wild to a domestic state ; to make gentle
and familiar. 2. To civilize. 3. To subdue ; to conquer;
to depress. 4. To subdue ; to repress.
TaMED, pp. Reclaimed from wildness ; domesticated ;
made gentle; subdued.
TaME'LESS, a. Wild ; untamed ; untamable. [L. u.]
TaME^LY, adv. With unresisting submission ; meanly :
servilely ; without manifesting spirit.
TaME'NESS, ?i. 1. The quality of being tame or gentle ; a
state of domestication. 2. Unresisting submission ; mean-
ness in bearing insults or injuries ; want of spirit.
TaM'ER, 7). One that tames or subdues ; one that reclaims
from wildness. Pope.
TaM'ING, ppr. Reclaiming from a wilJ state ; civilizing ;
subduing.
TAM I-NY, or TAM'MY, n. A woolen stufi". Johnson.
TAM'KIN, 71. A stopper. See Tampion.
TAMPER, V. i. 1. To meddle ; to be busy ; to try little
experiments. 2. To meddle ; to have to do with v.'ithout
fitness or necessity. 3. To deal ; to practice secretly.
TAM'PER-ING, pjjr. Meddling; dealuig ; practicing se-
cretly.
TAM'PER-ING, n. The act of meddling or practicing se-
cretly.
TAMP'ING, n. The matter that is driven into the hole bor-
ed into any thing for blasting.
TAM'PI-ON, or TOM'PI-ON, n. [Fr. tampon.] The stop-
per of a cannon or other piece of ordnance.
TAM'POE, n. A fruit of the East Indies, somewhat resem
bling an apple. Cyc.
TAM'TAM, 71. A large flat dmm used by the Hindoos.
TAN, V. t. [Fr. tanner.] I. In the arts, to convert animal
skins into leather. 2. To make brown ; to imbrown by
exposure to the rays of the sun.
TAN, ?i. The bark of the oak, &;c., bruised and broken by a
mill, for tanning liides.
T^IN'-BED, 71. [tan and bed.] In gardenings a bed made 01
tan ; a bark -bed.
TaN'-PIT, 7t. [tan and pit.] A bark-pit ; a vat in which
hides are laid in tan.
TAN'-SPljD, 71. [ta7i and spud.] An instnunent for peeling
the barkfrom oak and other trees, [Local.]
TAN'-SToVE, 11. A hot-house with a bark-bed.
TAN'-VAT, n. [tan and vat.] A vat in which liides are
steeped in liquor with tan.
TANG, n. [Gr. rayyos ; It. tanfo.] ]. A strong taste; par-
ticularly, a taste of something extraneous to the thuig it-
self. 2. Relish; taste. 3. Something that leaves a sting
or pain beliind. 4. Sound ; tone ; [obs.]
TANG, 7J. [Su. Goth, tang.] A kind of sea-weed ; called,
in some places, taiio-le. Bp. Richardson.
t TANG, V. i. To ring with. Shak.
TANGENT, 7;. [Fr. tangente ; L. tangeris.] In geometry, a.
right line which touches a curve, but wmch, when pro-
duced, does not cut it.
TAN-Gl-BIL'I-TY, 7j. The quality of being perceptible to
the touch or sense of feeling.
TAN'GI-BLE, a. [from L. tango.] 1. Perceptible by the
touch ; tactile. 2. That may be possessed or realized.
TAN'GLE, V. t. 1. To implicate ; to unite or knit together
confusedly ; to interweave or interlock, as threads, so as
to make it difficult to ravel the knot. 2. To insnare ; to
entrap. 3. To embroil ; to embarrass.
TAN'GLE, V. i. To be entangled or united confusedly.
TAN'GLE, n. A knot of threads or other things united con-
fusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily disengaged.
2. A kind of sea-weed.
TAN'IST, n. [Gaelic, tanaiste.] Among the descendants of
the Celts, in Ireland, a lord, or the proprietor of a tract of
land ; a governor or captain.
T.AN'IST-RY, 71. [Gaelic, tanaisteachd.] In Ireland, a
tenure of lands by which the proprietor had only a lii^
estate.
TANK, 71. [Fr. etang; Sp. estangue ; Port, tanque ; Sans.
tanghi ; Japan, tange.] A large basin or cistern ; a reser-
voir of water. Dryden.
TANK'ARD, n. [Jr. tunc air d ; Gaelic, tancard.] A large
vessel for liquors, or a drinking vessel, with a cover.
TANK'ARD-TUR-NEP, n. A sort of turnep.
TAN'LTNG, n. One tanned by the heat of the sun.
TANNED, pp. [fromiaw.] 1. Converted into leather. 2.
Darkened by the rays of the sun.
TAN'NER, 7i. One whose occupation is to tan hides, or
convert them into leather by the use of tan,
TAN'NER-Y, n. The house and apparatus for tanning.
TAN'NI-ERS, 7). An esculent root.
TAN'NIN, 71. The chemical name of that astringent sub-
stance contained in vegetables, particularly in the bark of
the oak and cliestnut, and in gall-nuts; the substance
used to change raw hides into leather.
TANNING, ppr. Converting raw hides into leather.
TAN'NING, 7(. The practice, operation and art of convert-
ing the raw hides of animals into leather by the use
of tan.
TAN'REC, n. A qUadraped of the Indies.
TANSY, 7i. [Fr. tanaisie ; It., Sp. tanaceto ,■ L. tamcetum.]
A plant of the genus tanacetum, of many species. Cyr.
TANT 71. A small spider with two eyes and eight long
legs, and of an elegant scarlet color. Cyc.
TAN'TA-LISM, v. The punishment of Tantalus; a teas-
ing or tormenting by the hope or near approach of good
which is not attainable. J. Qjuincy.
TAN TA-IilTE, n. The ore of tantalum or colnmbium.
TAN-T.3.-LI-Za'TI0N, n. The act of tantalizing.
TAN'TA-LiZE, v. t. [from Tantalus, in fable, who was
condemned for his crimes to perpetual hunger and thirst,
with food and water near him which he could not reach.]
To tease or torment by presenting some good to the view,
and exciting desire, but continually frustrating the ex-
pectations by keeping that good out of reach ; to tease ; to
torment. Dn/den.
TAN'TA-LTZED,;jp. Teased or tormented by the disap-
pointment of the hope of good.
TAN'TA-LlZ-ER,7i. One that tantalizes.
TAN'TA-LlZ-ING, ppr. Teasing or tormenting by present-
ing to the view some unattainable good.
TAN'TA-IjUM, n. Colnmbium, the metal obtained from
tantalite, newlv discovered. Thomson.
TANT' A -MOUNT, a. [L. tantus, and amount.] Equal,
equivalent in value or signification.
* See Synopsis. A, E, t, 6, 0, Y, Zo?io^.— FS.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiED ;— f Obsolete
TAR
835
TAR
TAN'TIV-Y, adv. [said to be from the note of a liunting-
born ; L. tanta vi.] To ride tantivy, is to ride with great
speed. Johnson.
TANT'LING. n. [See Tantalize.] One beized with the
hope of pleasure unattainable. Shak.
TAN'TRUMS, n. plu. Whims ; freaks ; bursts of ill-humor ;
aflected airs. A colloquial term.
TAP, V. t. [Fr. taper ; Dan. tapper.] To strike with some-
thing small, or to strike a very gentle blow ; to touch
gently.
TAP, V. i. To strike a gentle blow ; as, he tapped at the
door.
TAP, V. t. l^ax. tcBppan ; Sw. tappa ; Dan. tapper ; D. tap-
pen.] 1. To pierce or broach a cask, and insert a tap. 2.
To open a cask and draw liquor. 3. To pierce for letting
out a fluid. 4. To box, or bore into.
TAP, n. 1. A gentle blow ; a slight blow with a small
thing, 2. A spile or pipe for drawing liquor from a cask.
TAPE, n. [Sax. tJippe.] A narrow fillet or band ; a narrow
piece of woven work, used for strings and tlie like.
Ta'PER, n. [Sax. taper, tapur.] A small wax candle ; a
soiall lighted wax candle, or a small light.
Ta'PER, a. [supposed to be from the form of a taper.] Reg-
ularly narrowed towards the point; becoming small to-
wards one end ; conical ; pyrsunidical.
Ta'PER, v. i. To diminish or become gradually smaller to-
wards one end.
Ta'PER, v. t. To make gradually smaller in diameter.
Ta'PER-ING, ppr. 1. Making gradually smaller. 2. a.
Becoming regularly smaller in diameter towards one end ;
gradually diminishing towards a point.
Ta'PER-NESS, n. The state of being taper.
* TAP'ES-TRY, n. [Fr. tapis, tapisserie ; L. tapes.] A kind
of woven hangings of wool and silk, often enriched with
gold and silver, representing figures of men, animals,
l^andscapes, &c. Cyc.
Ta'PET, n. Worked or figured stuff. Spenser.
TAPETI, 7?. An American animal of the hare kind.
TaPE'-WoRM, n. [tape and worm.] A worm bred in the
human intestines or bowels.
TAP'-HOUSE, n. A house where liquors are retailed.
TaTIR, n. A quadruped of S. America, about 6 feet long
and 3^ high, resembling a hog in shape.
Ta'PIS, 71. [Fr.] Tapestry. — Upon the tapis, under consid-
eration, or on the table.
TAPPED, pp. ?>roached ; o;.ened,
TAP'PING, ppr. Broaching; opening for the discharge of a
fluid.
TAP'-ROOT, n. The main root of a plant.
TAP'STER, 71. One whose business is to draw liquor.
TaR, n. [Sax. tare, tyr, tyrwa ; D. teer ; G. theer.] 1. A
thick, resinous substance, of a dark-brown or black color,
obtained from pine and fir-trees, by burning the wood
with a close, smothering heat. 2. A sailor, so called from
his tarred clothes.
TAR, V. t. 1. To smear with tar ; as, to tar ropes. 2. [Sax.
tiranj tyrian.] To tease ; to provoke ; [obs.] Shak.
TA-RaBE', n. A large parrot with a red head. Cyc.
TA-RANT'U-LA, n. [It. tarantella.] A species of spider,
the aranea tarantula, a venomous insect.
TA-RANT'U-LATE, v. t. To excite or govern emotions by
music.
TAR'A-Q-UI-RA, 71. A species of American lizard.
t TAR-Da'TION, 71. [1j. tarda.] The act of retarding,
TAR'DI-GRADE, or TAR'DI-GRA-DOUS, a. [L. tardi-
gradus.] Slow-paced ; moving or stepping slowly.
TAR'DI-GRADE, n. The tardigrades are a genus of eden-
tate quadrupeds, including the genus bradypius.
TaR'DI-LY, adv. Slowly ; with slow pace or motion.
TAR'DI-NESS, 7i. 1. Slowness, or the slowness of motion
or pace. 2. Unwillingness ; reluctance manifested by
slowness. 3. Lateness.
t TaR'DI-TY, ri. [L. tarditas.] Slowness; tardiness.
PAR'DY, a. [Fr. tardif; Sp., It. tardo, from L. tardus.] 1,
Slow; with a slow pace or motion. 2. Late; dilatory;
not being in season. 3. Slow ; implying reluctance. 4.
Unwary ; [obs.]^ 5. Criminal ; [nbs.]
t TaR'DY, v. i. [Fr. tarder.] To delay.
TAR'DY-GaIT-ED, a. [tardy and gait.] Slow-paced ;
having a slow step or pace. Clifton,
PARE, n. 1. A weed that grows among corn.— 2. In agri-
culture, a plant of the vetch kind, much cultivated in
England for fodder. Cyc.
PARE, n. [Fr. tare ; It., Sp. tara ; D. tarra.] In commerce,
the allowance or abatement of a certain weight or quan-
tity from the weight or quantity of a commodity sold in a
cask, chest, bag, or the like, which the seller makes to
the buyer on account of the weight of such cask, chest or
bag ; or the abatement may be on the price of the com-
modity sold.
TARE, V. t. To ascertain or mark the amount of tare.
t TARE, oldpret. of tear. We now use tore.
TARED, pp. Having the tare ascertained and marked,
jl ARGE, for target. Spenser.
TAR'GET, 71. [Sax. targ, targa i Fr. targe ; it. targa.] I.
A shield or buckler of a small kind, used as a defeusiv "
weapon in war. 2. A mark for the artillery to fire at in
their practice.
TAR'GET-ED, a. Furnished or armed with a target.
TAR-GET-EER', n. One armed with a target. Chapman
TAR'GUM, n. [Ch. DOnD targum, interpretation.] A trans-
lation or paraphrase of the sacred Scriptures in the Chal-
dee language or dialect.
TAR'GUM-IST, n. The writer of a targum. Parkhurst.
TAR'IFF, ) n. [Fr. tarif ; It. tariffa ; Sp. tarifa.] 1. Prup-
TAR'IF, \ erly, a list or table of goods with the duties or
customs to be paid for the same. 2. A list or table of du-
ties or customs to be paid on goods imported or exported.
TAR'IFF, V. t. To make a list of duties on goods.
TAR'IN, n. A bird of the genus fringilla.
TaR'ING, ppr. Ascertaining or marking the amount ol
tare.
TARN, 71. [Ice. tiom.] A bog ; a marsh ; a fen.
TARN'ISH, V. t. [Fr. ternir, ternissant.] I. To sully ; to
soil by an alteration induced by the air, or by dust and
the like ; to diminish or destroy lustre. 2. To diminish
or destroy the purity of.
TARN'ISH, V. i. To lose lustre ; to become dull.
TARN'ISHED, pp. Sullied ; having lost its brightness by
oxydation, or by some alteration induced by exposure to
air, dust, and the like.
TARN'ISH-IFG, jypr- Sullying: losing brightness.
TAR-PA U'LIN, n. (.A piece of canvas well daubed with
tar, and used to cover the hatchways of a ship to prevent
rain or water from entering the hold. 2. A sailor ; in con-
tempt.
TAR'RACE, TAR'RASS, TER'RASS, or TRASS, n. A
volcanic earth, resembling puzzolana, used as a cement :
or a coarse sort of plaster or mortar, durable in water, and
used to line cistenis and other reservoirs of water.
TAR'RA-GON, n. A plant of the genus artemisia, celebra-
ted for perfuming vinegar in France.
TARRED, pp. Smeared with tar.
t TAR'RI-ANCE, n. A tarrying ; delay ; lateness.
TAR'RI-ER, 71. 1. A dog; [see Terrier.] 2. [(torn tar-^
ry.] One who tarries or delays.
TAR'RING, ^^r. Smearing with tar. Shak.
TAR'ROeK, n. A sea-fowl of the genus larus.
TAR'RY, V. i. [W. tariaw.] 1. To stay ; to abide ; to
continue; to lodge. 2. To stay behind. jEz. xii. 3. To
stay in expectation ; to wait. 4. To delay ; to put off" go-
ing or coming ; to defer. Ge7i. xlv. 5. To remain ; to stay
t TAR'RY, V. t. To wait for. Shak.
TAR'RY, a. [from tar.] Consisting of tar, or like tar.
TAR'RY-ING, ppr. Staying; delaying.
TAR'RY-ING, n. Delav. Ps. xl.
TAll'SEL, n. A kind of hawk. Shak.
TAR'SUS, n. [Gr. ragaos ; Fv. tarse.] That part of the foot
to which the leg is articulated, the front of which is called
the instep. Cyc.
TART, a. [Sax. teart; D. taartig.] 1. Acid j sharp to the
taste ; acidulous. 2. Sharp ; keen ; severe.
TART, 71. [D. taart ; Sw. tart ; Fr. tarte / It. torta ; G.
torte.] A species of pie or pastry, consisting of fruit baked
on paste.
TAR'TAN, 71. [Sp., It. tartana.] A small coasting vessel.
TAR'TAR, 7?. [Fr. tartre ; Sp. tartaro ; from tart.] I.
An acid, concrete salt, iFormed from wines completely
fermented, and adhering to the sides of the casks in the
form of a hard crust. 2. A person of a keen, irritable
temper. 3. A native of Tartary.
t^TAR^TAR, V. [L. Tartarus,] Hell. Shak
ish ;
TAR-Ta'RE-OUS, { Milton.
TAR-Ta'RE-AN,
Helli
pertaining to Tartarus.
TAR-Ta'-RE-OUS, a Consisting of tartar; resembling tar-
tar, or partaking of its properties. Grew.
TAR-TAR' I€, or TAR-Ta'RE-AN, a. Pertaining to Tar-
tary in Asia.— Tartaric acid, the acid of tartar.
TAR'TA-RIN, n. Fixed vegetable alkali or potash.
TAR'TA-RI-NA-TED, a. Combined with tartarin.
TAR-TAR-I-Za'TION, 71. The act of forming tartar. Bib
lioih.Bib._
TAR'TAR-iZE, vt t. To impregnate with tartar ; to refine
by meansof the salt of tartar. Cyc.
TAR'TAR-lZED, pp. Impregnated with tartar; refined by
tartar.
TAR'TAR-lZ-ING,p277-, Impregnating with tartar.
TAR'TAR-OUS, a. Containing tartar; consisting of tar-
tar, or partaking of its qualities.
TAR'TA-RUM, n. A preparation of tartar, calied petrified
tartar. Cyc.
TART'ISH, a. [from tart.] Somewhat tart.
TART'LY, adv. 1. Sharply ; with acidity. 2. Sharply,
with poignancy ; severely. 3. With sourness of aspect.
TART'NESS, n. I. Acidity; sharpness to the taste. 2.
Sharpness of language or manner ; poignancy ; keenness j
I severity.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete.
TAT
826
TAX
TARiTRAF;::, T/i. a salt formed by the combination of
TAR'TRITK, ) tartarous or tartaric acid with a base.
fTAR'TUF-FLSH, a. [Fr. tartuffe.] Precise; formal.
TAR'-WA-TER, 71. A cold infusion of tar. Cyc.
TASK, 71. [Fr. tache ; W. tasg ; Gaelic, Ir. tasg ; It. tassa.]
1. Business imposed by another, often a definite quantity
or amount of labor. 2. Business ; employment. 3. Bur-
densome employment.— T'o take to task, to reprove; to
reprimand. Addison.
TASK, V. I. [W. tasgu.] 1. To impose a task ; to assign
to one a definite amount of business or labor. 2. To bur-
den with some employment ; to require to perform.
TASKED, pp. Required to perform something.
TASK'ER, n. One that imposes a task.
TASK'ING, ppr. Imposing a task on ; requiring to perform.
TASK'MAS-TER, n. 1. One who imposes a task, or bur-
dens with labor. 2. One whose ofiice is to assign tasks
to others.
♦TAS'SEL, 71. [W. tasel ; It. tassdlo.] 1. A sort of pend-
ant ornament, attached to the corners of cushions, to cur-
tains and the like, ending in loose threads. 2. A small
ribbcm of silk, sewed to a book, to be put between the
leaves. — 3. In building, tassels are the pieces of boards
tliat lie under the mantle-tree. 4. A burr ; [see Teasel.]
5. A male hawk ; properly, terzol, It. terzv-olo.
TAS'SELED, a. Fuj-nished or adorned with tassels.
TAS'SES, n. plu. Armor for the thighs.
TaST'A-BLE, a. That may be tasted ; savory ; relishing.
TaSTE, v. t. [Fr. tater ; It. tastare ; Norm taster ; G., D.
fasten.] 1. To perceive by means of the tongue ; to have
a certain sensation in consequence of something applied
to the tongue. 2. To try the relish of by the perception
of tlie organs of taste. 3. To try by eating a little ; or to
eat a little. 4. To essay first. 5. To have pleasure from.
6. To experience ; to feel ; to undergo. 7. To relish in-
tellectually j to enjoy. 8. To experience by shedding, as
blood.
TaSTE, v.i. 1. To try by the mouth ; to eat or drink ; or
to eat or drink a little only. 2. To have a smack ; to ex-
cite a particular sensation, by which the quality or ilavor
is distinguished. 3. To distinguish intellectually. 4. To
try the relish of any thing. 5. To be tinctured ; to have
a particular quality or character. 6. To experience ; to
have perception of. 7. To take to be enjoyed. 8. To
enjoy sparingly. 9. To have the experience or enjoy-
ment of.
TaSTE, 71. 1. The act of tasting 5 gustation. 2. A partic-
ular sensation excited in an animal by the application of a
substance to the tongue, the proper organ. 3. The sense
by which we perceive the relish of a thing. 4. Intellect-
ual relish. 5. Judgment: discernment; nice perception,
or the power of perceiving and relishing excellence in hu-
man performances ; the faculty of discerning beauty, or-
der, ongruity, proportion, symmetry, or whatever con-
stitutes excellence, particularly in the fine arts and belles
lettres. 0. Style ; manner, with respect to what is pleas-
ing. 7. Essay ; trial ; experiment ; [obs.] 8. A small
portJ(>n given as a specimen. 9. A bit; a little piece
tasted or eaten.
TaST'ED, pp. Perceived by the organs of taste ; experi-
enced.
TaSTE'FUL, a. 1. Having a high relish. Pope. 2. Having
good taste.
TaSTE'FUL-LY, adv. With good taste.
TASTE'LESS, a. 1. Having no taste ; insipid. 2. Having
no power of giving pleasure. 3. Having no power to per-
ceive taste ; [obs.] 4. Having no intellectual gust ; [I. u.]
TASTE'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Want of taste or relish; insip-
idness. 2. Want of perception of taste ; [obs.] 3. Want
of intellectual relish ; [obs.]
TaST'ER, 71. 1. One who tastes. 2. One who first tastes
food or liquor. Dryden. 3. A dram-cup.
TaST'I-LY, adv. With good taste.
TaST'ING, 77^7-. 1. Perceiving by the tongue. 2. Trying;
experiencing ; enjoying or suffering.
TaST'ING, 71. 1. The act of perceiving by the tongue. 2.
The sense by which we perceive or distinguish savors.
TaST'Y, a. 1. Having a good taste, or nice perception of
excellence. 2. Being in conformity to the principles of
good taste ; elegant.
TAT'TER, v. t. [qu. Sax. totceran.] To rend or tear into
rags. [Mot used, except in the participle.]
TAT'TER, n. A rag, or a part torn and hanging to the
thing ; chiefly used in the plural, tatters.
*TAT-TER-DE-MaL'ION, 71. A ragged fellow. L'Estr.
TAT'TERED, pp. or a. Rent ; torn ; hanging in rags.
TAT'TLE, V. i. [D. tateren ; It. tattamellare.] 1. To
prate ; to talk idly ; to use many words with little mean-
ing. 2. To tell tales ; to communicate secrets.
TAT'TLE, 71. Prate ; idle talk or chat ; trifling talk.
TAT'TLER, n. One who tattles ; an idle talker ; one that
TAT'TLING, ppr. 1. Talking idly ; telling tales. 2. a.
Given to idle talk ; apt to tell tales.
TAT-TOO', n. A beat of drum at night, giving notice to
soldiers to retreat, or to repair to their quarters. Cyc.
TAT-TOO', V. t. [In the South Sea isles.] To prick the
skin, and stain the punctured spots with a black sub-
stance, forming lines and figures upon the body.
TAT-TOO', 71. Figures on the body, made by punctures
and stains in .ines and figures.
TAT-TOO'ED, (tat-tood') pp. Marked by stained lines and
figures on the body.
TAT-TOO'ING, ppr. Marking with various figures by stain-
ed lines.
TAU, n. 1. The tcad-fish of Carolina. 2. A species of
beetle ; also, a species of moth ; also, a kind of fly.
TAUGHT, (tawt) a. Stretched ; not slack. Mar. Diet.
TAUGHT, (tawt) pret. and pp. of teach.
* Taunt, v. 't. [qu. Fr. tancer ; W. tantiaw.] 1. To re-
proach with severe or insulting words ; to revile ; to up-
braid. 2. To exprobrate ; to censure.
* TAUNT, 77. Upbraiding words; bitter or sarcastic re-
proach ; insulting invective.
*TAUNT'ED, pp. Upbraided with sarcastic or severe
words.
*TAUNT'ER, n. One who taunts, reproaches, or upbraids
with sarcastic or censorious reflections.
* TAUNT'ING, ppr. Treating with severe reflections.
*TaUNT'ING-LY, adv. With bitter and sarcastic words j
insultingly ; scoflingly.
TAUR'I-€ORN-OU3, a. [L. taurus and cornu.] Having
horns like a bull. Brown.
TAUR'I-FORM, a. [L. taurus, a bull, and form.] Having
the form of a bull. Faber.
TAUR'US, 71. [L.] The Bull; one of the twelve signs of
the zodiac, and the second in order.
TAU-TO-LOG'ie, \ a. Repeating the same thing ; hav-
TAU-T0-L0G'I-€AL, \ ing the same signification.
TAU-TOL'0-GIST, n. One who uses different words or
phrases in succession to express the same sense.
TAU-TOL'O-GiZE, v. i. To repeat the same thing in differ-
ent words.
TAU-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. ravToXoyLa.] A repetition of the
same meaning in different words ; needless repetition of a
thing in different words or phrases.
TAU-TOPH'0-NY, 71. A successive repetition of the same
sound.
TAVERN, n. [Fr. taverne ; W. tavam ; L. taberna.] A
house licensed to sell liquors in small quantities, to be drank
on the spot. — In some of the United States, tavern is synon-
ymous with inn or hotel, and denotes a house for the en-
tertainment of travelers, as well as for the sale of liquors.
TAV'ERN-ER, or TAV'ERN-KEEP-ER, n. One who
keeps a tavern.
TAV'ERN-HAUNT-ER, n. One who frequents taverns.
TAV'ERN-ING, n. A feasting at taverns. Hall.
t TAVERN-MAN, n. [tavern and man.] 1. The keeper
of a tavern. 2. A tippler.
TAW, v.t. [Sax. tawian; D. touwen.] To dress white
leather or alum leather for gloves, &c. Cyc.
TAW, 77. A marble to be played with. Swift.
TAW'DRI-LY, adv. In a tawdry manner.
TAW'DRI-NESS, n. Tinsel in dress; excessive finery;
ostentatious finery without elegance.
TAWDRY, a. Very fine and showy in colors without
taste or elegance ; having an excess of showy ornaments
without grace.
TAWDRY, iu A slight ornament. Drayton.
TAWED, j)p. Dressed and made white, as leather;
TA W'ER, n. A dresser of white leather.
TAWING, ppr. Dressing, as white leather.
TAWING, n. The art and operation of preparing skins
and forming them into white leather.
TAW'NY', a. [Fr. tanne.] Of a yellowish-dark color, like
things tanned or persons who are sun-burnt. JJddison.
TAX, n. [Fr. taxe ; Sp. tu>sa ; It. tassa ; from L taxo, to
tax.] I A rate or sum of money assessed on the person
or property of a citizen by government, for the use of the
nation or state. 2. A sum imposed on the persons and
property of citizens to defray the expenses of a corpora-
tion, society, parish or company. 3. That which is im-
posed ; a burden. 4. Charge ; censure. 5. Task.
TAX, V. t. [L. taxo ; Fr. taxer ; It. tassare.] 1. To lay, im-
pose or assess upon citizens a certain sum. 2. To load
with a burden or burdens. 3. To assess, fix or determine
judicially. 4. To charge ; to censure ; to accuse.
TAX'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be taxed ; liable by law to
tlxe assessment of taxes. 2. That may be legally charged
bva court against the plaintiff or defendant in a suit.
TAX-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. taxatio.] 1. A taxing ; the act
of laying a tax. 2. Tax ; sum imposed ; [little used.] 3.
Charge ; accusation ; [little used.] 4. The act of taxing
or assessing a bill of cost.
TAXED, ^j?. Rated; assessed; accused.
TAX'ER, n. 1. One who taxes. — 2. In Cambridge, Eng-
land, two officers chosen yearly to see the true gauge of
I weights and measures observed.
See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, 7, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY 3— PiN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete.
TEA
827
TEE
TAX'I-AReH, n. fGr. ra^iapx'is.] An Athenian military
officer commanding a taxis or battalion. Mitford.
'rAX'I-DER-MY, n. [Gr. ra^n and hgiia.'] The art of pre-
paring and preserving specimens of animals.
TAX'ING, ppr. Imposing a tax ; assessing ; accusing.
fAX'ING, 71. The act of laying a tax ; taxation.
TAX-ON'O-MY, n. [Gr. ra^is and vo,MOf.] Classification ; a
term used by a French author to denote the classification
of plants.
Tea, n. [Chinese, tcha, or tha ; Grosier. Russ, tshai ; Sp.
te ; It. te ; Fr. the ] 1. The leaves of the tea-tree as dried
and imported. 2. A decoction or infusion of tea-leaves in
boiling water. 3. Any infusion or decoction of vegeta-
bles ; as, sage tea, &c.
TkA'-BoARD, n. [tea and board.] A board to put tea fur-
niture on.
TeA'-CAN-IS-TER, n. [tea and canister.] A canister or
box in which tea is kept.
TeA'-€UP, n. A small cup in which tea is drank.
TeA'-DRINK-ER, n. One who drinks much tea.
Tea '-PLANT, w. The tea-tree.
TeA'-POT, n. A vessel with a spout, in which tea is
niade, and from which it is poured into tea-cups.
TeA'-SAU-CER, n. [tea and saucer.] A small saucer in
which a tea-cup is set.
TeA'-SPOON, n. [tea and spoon.] A small spoon used in
drinking tea and coffee.
TeA'-Ta-BLE, n. [tea and table.] A table on which tea
furniture is set, or at which tea is drank.
TeA'-TREE, n. [tea and tree.] The tree or plant that
produces the leaves which are imported and called tea.
TeACH, v. t. ; pret. and pp. taught. [Sax. tcscan ,■ L. do-
ceo ; Ir. deachtaim ,■ Gaelic, deachdam.] 1. To instruct;
to inform ; to communicate to another the knowledge of
that of which he was before ignorant. 2. To deliver anj-
doctrine, art, principles or words for instruction. 3. To
tell ; to give intelligence. 4. To instruct, or to practice
the business of an instructor ; to use or follow the employ-
ment of a preceptor. 5. To show ; to exhibit so as to im-
press on the mind. 6. To accustom ; to make familiar.
7. To inform or admonish ; to give previous notice to. 8.
To suggest to the mind. 9. To signify or give notice.
10. To counsel and direct. Hab. ii.
Teach, v. L To practice giving instruction j to perform
the business of a preceptor.
TeACH, n. [Ir., Gaelic, ieagham.] In sugar works, the
last boiler. Edwards, W. Indies.
Te ACH'A-BLE, a. That may be taught ; apt to learn ; also,
readily receiving instruction ; docile. Watts.
TeACH'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being capable of
receiving instruction ; more generally, a willingness or
readiness to be informed and instructed ; docility ; apt-
ness to learn.
TeACH'ER, n. 1. One who teaches or instructs. 2. An
instructor ; a preceptor ; a tutor. 3. One v.' ho instructs
others in religion ; a preacher ; a minister of the gospel.
4. One who preaches without regular ordination.
TeACH'ING, jipr. Instructing ; informing.
TeACH'ING, n. 1. The act or business of instructing. 2.
Instruction.
tTEAD, or fTEDE, n. [L. tceda.] A torch ; a flambeau.
Spenser.
TeAGUE, (teeg) n. An Irishman ; in contempt. Johnson.
TeAK, or TEEK, n. A tree of the East Indies, which fur-
nishes an abundance of ship-timber.
TeAL, n. [D. tallng.] An aquatic fowl of the genus anas,
the smallest of the duck kind. Cyc.
Team, n. [Sax. team, offspring.] I. Two or more horses,
oxen or other beasts harnessed together to the same vehi-
cle for drawing. 2. Any number passing in a line ; a long
line. Dryden.
Team, v. t. To join together in a team. Spenser.
TeAM'STER, n. [team and ster.] One who drives a
leani.
TeAM'-WoRK, n. [team and work.] Work done by a
team, as distinguished from pergonal labor. JVeio England.
TeAR, n. [Gaelic, dear, den 'otb ^agr, contracted in
Sax. tear.] 1. Tears are the limpid fluid secreted by the
lacrymal gland, and appearing in the eyes, or flowing
from them. 2. Something in the form of a transparent
drop of fluid matter.
TEAR, V. t. ; pret. tore ; pp. torn ,- old pret tare, obs. [Sax.
tmran ; Russ. deru ; Sw. tara ; Dan. tcerer ; D. teeren ; G.
zehren.] 1. To separate by violence or pulling ; to rend ;
to lacerate. 2. To wound ; to lacerate. 3. To rend ; to
break ; to form fissures by any violence. 4. To divide
by violent measures ; to shatter ; to rend. 5. To pull
with violence. 6. To remove by violence ; to break up.
7. To make a violent rent. — To tear from, to separate and
take away by force. — To tear off, to pull off by violence ;
to strip.— To tear out, to pull or draw out by violence. —
To tear up, to rip up ; to remove from a fixed state by
violence.
TEaR, v. i. To rave ; to rage ; to rant ; to move and act
wjth turbulent violence ; as a mad bull. L' Estrange.
TEaR, n. A rent , a fissure. [Little used.]
TEaR'ER, n. 1. One who tears or rends any thing. 2
One that rages or raves with violence.
TeAR'-FALL-ING, a. Shedding tears ; tender.
TeAR'FUL, a. [tear and full.] Abounding with tears
weeping ; shedding tears ; as, tearful eyes. Shak.
TEaR'ING, ppr. Rending ; pulling apart •, lacerating.
TeAR'LESS, a. Shedding no tears ; without tears ; unfeel-
ing. Sandys.
Tease, v. t. [Sax. tmsan.] 1. To comb or card, as wool ct
flax. 2. To scratch, as cloth in dressing, for the purpose
of raising a nap. 3. To vex with importunity or imperti-
nence ; to harass, annoy, disturb or irritate by petty re
quests, or by jests and raillery.
TeAv<5'ED) lip. 1. Carded, 2. Vexed; irritated or an-
noyed.
TeAS'EL, M. [Sax.tes^] I. A plant of the genus (Zipsacti^
2. The burr of the plant.
TeAS'EL-ER, n. One who uses the teasel for raising a nap
on cloth. Kelham,
TeAS'ER, 71. One that teases or vexes.
TeA.?'ING, ppr. Combing ; carding ; scratching for the
purpose of raising a nap ; vexing.
TeAT, ; 71. [Sax. tit, titt, as it is usually pronounced to
TIT, \ this day ; G. zitze ; D. tet ; W. tith ; Corn, titl.]
Tlie projecting part of the female breast ; the dug of a
beast ; the pap of a woman ; the nipple.
TeATHE, n. The soil or fertility left on lands by feeding
them. [Local.]
TeATHE, v. t. To feed and enrich by live stock. [Local.]
TECH'I-LY, adv. [from techy, so written for touchy.]
Peevishly ; fretfully ; frowardly.
TECH'I-NESS, n. Peevishness ; fretfulness. Bp. Hall.
TECH'NIC, ) a. [L. technicus.] 1. Pertaining to art or
TE€H'NI-€AL, ) the arts. — A technical word is a word
that-belongs properly or exclusi'^ely to an art. 2. Belong-
ing to a particular profession.
TE€H'NI-€AL-LY, adv. In a technical manner ; accord-
ing to the signification of terms of art.
TECH'NI-CAL-NESS, or TECH-NI-€AL'I-TY, n. The
quality or state of being technical. Forster.
TECH'NICS, 71. TJie doctrine of arts in general ; such
branches of learning as respect the arts.
TECH-NO-L06'I-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to technology.
Beddoes. 2. Pertaining to the arts.
TECH-NOL'O-GIST, n. One who discourses or treats of
arts, or of the terms of art.
TE€H-N0L'0-GY,7i. [Gr. rfxyn and \oyoi.] 1. A descrip-
tion of arts ; or a treatise on the arts. 2. An explanation
of the terms of the arts. Crabbe.
TECH'Y, a. [so written for touchy.] Peevish ; fretful ; irri-
table. [More correctly, touchy.] Shak.
TEC-TON'ie, a. [Gr. tektovikos.] Pertaining to building.
TED, V. t. [W. tSd and tez.] Among farmers, to spread ; to
turn new-mowed grass from the swath, and scatter it for
drying. [Local.] Milton.
TED'DED, pp. Spread from the swath. Milton.
TED'DER, 71. [W. tid ; Ir. tead, teidin ; Gaelic, tead, teidin,
teud.] 1. A rope or chain by which an animal is tied, that
he may feed on the ground to the extent of the rope, and
no farther. 2. That by which one is restrained.
TED'DER, V. t. 1. To tie with a tedder; to permit to feed
to the length of a rope or chain. 2. To restrain to certain
limits.
TE De'UM. a hymn to be sung in churches or on occa-
sions of joy ; so called from the first words.
*Te'D1-0US, a. [Sp., It. tedioso ; L. tmdium.] 1. Weari-
some ; tiresome from continuance, prolixity or slowness
w2iich causes prolixity. 2. Slow.
* Te'DI-OUS-LY, ado. In such a manner as to weary.
*Te'DI-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Wearisomeness by length of
continuance or by prolixity. 2. Prolixity ; length. 3
Tiresomeness ; quality of wearying. 4. Slowness that
wearies.
Te'DI-UM, n. [L. tmdium.] Irksomeness ; wearisomeness
Coicper.
TEEM, v.i. [Sax. tyman, team.] 1. To bring forth, as
young. 2. To be pregnant ; to conceive ; to engender
young. 3. To be full ; to be charged ; as a breeding ani-
mal ; to be prolific. 4. To bring forth ; to produce, par-
ticularly in abundance.
TEEM, V. t. 1. To produce ; to bring forth. 2. To pour ,
[obs.]
TEEM'ER, n. One that brings forth young.
TEEM'FUL, a. 1. Pregnant ; prolific. 2 Brimful.
TEEM'ING, ppr Producing young.
TEEM'LESS, a. Not fruitful or prolific ; barren.
fTEEN, 7(.. Grief; sorrow. Speitser.
JTEEN, «.«. [Sax. teonan.] To excite ; to provoke.
TEENS, 71. [from teen, ten.] The years of one's age reck-
oned by the termination teen.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
TEM
828
TEM
TEETH p!ii. of tooth, which see.— In the teeth, directly ; in
direct opposition ; in front.
TEETH, V. i. [from the noun.l To breed teeth.
TEETlf'ING, ppr. Breeding teeth ; undergoing dentition.
TEETH'ING, a. The operation or process of the first growth
of tee*ii, called dentition.
TEG. See Tag
TEG'U LAR, a. {lu. tegula."] Pertaining to a tile 3 resem-
bling a tile } consisting of tiles.
TEG'[J-LAR-LY, adv. In the manner of tiles on a roof.
TEG'U-MENT, n. [L. tegumentum.} A cover or covering ;
seldom used except in reference to the covering of a living
body.
TEG-U-MENT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to teguments.
TEH-HEE. A sound made in laughing.
TEH-HEE, t;. i. To laugh. [A cant word }
TeIL. I n. [L. tilia ; Ir. teile.} The lime-tree,
TeIL'-TREE, \ otherwise called the linden.
TElNT, n. [Fr. teint.] Color; tinge. See Tint.
TEL'AR-Y, a. [L. tela.] 1. Pertaining to a web. 2. Spin-
ning webs ; as, a telary spider ; [I. u.] Brown.
TEL'E-GRAPH, ji. [Gr. ttjXe and ypa<pw.] A machine for
communicating intelligence from a distance by various
signals. Cyc.
TEL-E-GRAPH'I€, a. 1. Pertaining to the telegraph ; made
by a telegraph. 2. Communicated by a telegraph.
TEL-E-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. rcAof and Aoyoj.] The science of
the final causes of things.
TEL'E-SeOPE, 71. [Fr. ; It., Sp. telescopio.] An optical in-
strument employed in viewing distant objects, as the
heavenly bodies.
TEL'F-SeOPE-SHELT,, n. In conchology, a species of tur-
bo, with plane, striated and numerous spires.
TEL-E-S€OP'I€, [a. 1. Pertaining to a telescope ; per-
TEL-E-S€OP'I-t;AL, \ formed by a telescope. 2. Seen
or discoverable only by a telescope.
TE-Le'SI-A, n. Sapphire. Ure.
TEL'ESM, 71. [An] A kind of amulet or magical charm.
TEL-ES-MATi€, [a. Pertaining to telesms ; magical.
TEL-ES-MAT'I-€AL, \ Gregory.
TE-LES TSe, n. [Gr. teAoj and cri'^oi.'] A poem in which
the final letters of the lines make a name.
TELL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. told. [Sax. tellan ; G. zaklen ;
D. tellen ,• Dan. toiler.] I. To utter ; to express in words ;
to communicate to others. 2. To relate ; to narrate ; to
rehearse particulars. 3. To teach ; to inform ; to make
known ; to show by words. 4. To discover ; to disclose ;
to betray. 5. To count ; to number. 6. To relate in con-
fession ; to confess or acknowledge. 7. To publish. 8.
To unfold ; to interpret ; to explain. Ezek. xxiv. 9. To
make excuses. 10. To make known. 11. To discover j
to find ; to discern. — Tell, though equivalent, in some re-
spects, to speak and say, has not always the same appli-
cation. We say, to tell this, that or what, to tell a story,
to tell a word, to tell truth or falsehood, to tell a number,
to tell the reasons, to tell something or nothing ; but we
never say, to tell a speech, discourse or oration, or to tell
an argument or a lesson. It is much used in commands ;
as, tell me the wh(jle story ; tell me all you know, or all
that was said. Tell has frequently the sense of narrate ;
which speak and say have not.
TELL, v.i. 1. To give an account; to make report. 2.
To act upon with efiect ; as, every shot tells. — To tell of,
or to tell on, [vulgar,] to inform.
TELL'EIl, 7!. 1. One that tells, relates or communicates the
knowledge of something. 2. One who numbers. — 3. In
the exchequer of England, there are four othcers, called
tellers, whose business is to receive all moneys due to the
crown. 4. An ofiicer of a bank, who receives and pays
money on cliecks.
TEL'LIN-ITE, n. Petrified or fossil shells.
TELL'-TALE, a. Telling tales ; babblinpr. Shak.
TELL'-TALE, n. [tell and tale.] 1. One who officiously
communicates information of the private concerns of indi-
viduals. 2. A movable piece of ivory or lead on a cham-
ber organ, that gives notice v/hen the wind is exhausted.
— 3. In seamanship, a small piece of wood traversing in a
groove across the front of tiie poop deck, and which, by
communicating with a small ban-el on the axis of the
steering wheel, indicates the situation of the helm. Mar.
Diet.
TEL'LU-RATE, n. A compound of tellurium and a base.
TEL'LU-RET-ED, a. Tellureted hydrogen is hydrogen
combined with tellurium in a gaseous form. Ure.
TEL-Lu'RI-UM, n. A metal discovered by Klaproth, com-
bined with gold and silver hi the ores.
TEM'A-€HIS, n. [Gr. repaxos.] A genus of fossils.
TEM-E-Ra'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. temeraire ; L. temerarins.] 1.
Rash ; headstrong ; despising danger. 2. Careless ; heed-
less ; done at random.
TEPiI-E-Ra'RI-OUS-LY, adu. Rashly; with excess of bold-
ness. Swift.
TE-MER'I-TY, 7.. [L. temeritas.] 1. Rashness ; unreason-
able contempt of danger. 2. Extreme boldness. CotiJ*
ley.
TEM'IN, 71. A money of account in Algiers, equivalent to
2 carubes, or 29 aspers, about 34 cents. Cyc.
TEM'PER, V. t. [L. tenipero ; It. temperare ; Sp. templar ;
Fr. temperer.] 1. To mix so that one part quarlifies the
other ; to bring to a moderate state. 2. To compound ; to
form by mixture ; to qualify, as by an ingredient. 3. To
unite in due proportion ; to render symmetrical ; to ad-
just, as parts to each other. 4. To accommodate ; to
modify. 5. To soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe;
to calm ; to reduce any violence or excess. 6. To form to
a proper degree of hardness. 7. To govern ; a Latinism ;
[obs.] — 8. In music, to modify or amend a false or imper-
fect concord by transferring to it a part of the beauty of a
perfect one, that is, by dividing the tones.
TEM'PER, n. 1. Due mixture of different quahties ; or the
state of any compound substance which results from the
mixture of various ingredients. 2. Constitution of body.
3. Disposition of mind ; the constitution of the mind, par-
ticularly with regard to the passions and affections. 4
Calmness of mind ; moderation. 5. Heat of mind or pas-
sion ; irritation. K. The state of a metal, particularly as
to its hardness. 7. Middle course ; mean or medium.
Swift. — 8. In sugar-works, white lime or other substance
stirred into a clarifier filled with cane-juice, to neutralize
the superabundant acid. Edwards, W. Indies.
TEM'PER-A-MENT, ??.. [Fr. ; 'L.temperamentum.] 1. Con-
stitution ; state with respect to the predominance of any
quality. 2. Medium ; due mixture of different qualities. —
3. In music, temperament is an operation which, by means
of a slight alteration in the intervals, causes the difference
betwee)! two contiguous sounds to disappear, and makes
each of them appear identical with the other.
TEiM-PER-A-MENT'AL, a. Constitutional. [L. u.] Brown.
TEM'PER- ANCE, n. [Fr. ; L. tev^perantia.] 1. Modera-
tion ; particularly, habitual moderation in regard to tlie
indulgence of the natural appetites and passions ; re-
strained or moderate indulgence. 2. Patience ; calmness;
sedateness ; moderation of passion ; [unusual.]
TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. temperatus.] 1. Moderate ; not
excessive. 2. Moderate in the indulgence of the appe-
tites and passions. 3. Cool ; calm ; not marked with
passion ; not violent. 4. Proceeding from temperance
5. Free from ardent passion.
TEM'PER-ATE-LY, adv. 1. Moderately ; without excess
or extravagance. 2. Calmly ; without violence of pas-
sion. 3. With moderate force.
TEM'PER-ATE-NESS, n. ]. Moderation; freedom from
excess. 2. Calmness; coolness of mind.
TEM'PER-A-TiVE, a. Having the power or quality oi
tempering.
TEM'PER- A-TURE, 7?. [Fr. ; Ij. temperatura.] 1. Inphys-
ics, the state of a body with regard to heat or cold, as in-
dicated by the thermometer ; or the degree of free caloric
which a body possesses, when compared with other
bodies. 2. Constitution; state; degree of any quality.
3. Moderation ; freedom from immoderate passions ; [ubs.]
TEM'PERED, pp. 1. Duly mixed or modified ; reduced to
a proper state ; softened ; allayed ; hardened. 2. Adjust-
ed by musical temperament. 3. a. Disposed.
TEM'PER-ING, ppr. Mixing and qualifying; qualifying by
mixture ; softening ; mollifying ; hardening.
TEM'PEST, n. [Fr. tempete ; L. tempestas ; Sp. tempestad ;
It. tempesta.] 1. An extensive current of wind, rushing
with great velocity and violence ; a storm of extreme vi-
olence. — We usually apply the word to a steady wind of
long continuance ; but we say, also, of a tornado, it blew
a tempest. The currents of wind are named, according to
their respective degrees of force or rapidity, a breeze, a
gale, a storm, a tempest ; but gale is also used as synony-
mous with stor?«, and storm with tempest. Gitsi is usu-
ally applied to a sudden blast of short duration. 2. A vi
olent tumult or commotion. 3. Perturbation ; violen
agitation.
TEM PEST, 75. t. To disturb as by a tempest. [Little used.]
jMilton.
TEM'PEST, v. i. [Fr. tempester ; It. tempestare.] 1 To
storm. Sandijs, 2. To pour a tempest on. B, Jonson.
TEM'PEST-BkAT-EN, a. [tempest and beat.] Beaten or
shattered with storms. Dryden.
t TEM-PES-TIV'I-TY, u. [L. tempestivus.] Seasonableness.
TEMTEST-TOST, a. Tossed about by tempests.
TEM-PEST'U-OUS, a. [Sp. tempestuoso : It. tempestoso ;
Fr. tempStueux.] 1. Very stormy ; turbulent ; rough with
wind. 2. Blowing with violence.
TEM-PEST'U-OUS-LY, adv. With great violence of wind
or great commotion ; turbulently. Milton.
TEM-PEST'U-OUS-NESS, n. Storminess ; the state or
being tempestuous or disturbed by violent winds.
TEM'PLAR, 71. [from the T^eTn^^Ze, ahouse near the Thames,
which originally belonged to the knights Templars. The
latter took their denomination from an apartment of the
palaceof Baldwin II. in Jerusalem, near the temple.] 1. A
^ See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
TEN
829
TEN
student of the law. Pope.—Q. Templars, knights of the
Temple, a religious military order, first ebrablished at Je-
rusalem in favor of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land .
TEM'PLE, n. [Ft. ; L. templum ; it. tempw ; Sp. templo.]
1. A public edifice erected in honor of some deity. 2. A
church ; an edifice erected among Christians as a place of
public worship. 3. A place in which the divine presence
specially resides ; the church, as a collective body. Eph. ii.
— 4. In Englajid, the Temples are two inns of court, thus
called because anciently the dwellings of the knights
Templars.
TEM'PLE, n. [L. tempus, tempora.] 1. Literally, the fall
of the head ; the part where the head slopes from the top.
— 2. In anatomy, the anterior and lateral part of the head,
where the skull is covered by the temporal muscles.
TEiM'PLE, V. t. To build a temple for ; to appropriate a
temple to [Little iised.] Feltham.
TEM'PLET, 71. A piece of timber in a building.
TEM'PO-RAL, a. [Fr. temp or el ; L,. temporalis.'] 1. Per-
taining to this life or this world or the body only ; secular.
2. Measured or limited by time, or by this life or this state
of things 5 having limited existence. — 3. In grammar, re-
lating to a tense ; as, a temporal augment. 4. [Fr. tem-
poral.'] Pertaining to the temple or temples of the head.
TEM-PO-RAL'1-TIES, or TEM'PO-RALS, n. Secular pos-
sessions ; revenues of an ecclesiastic proceeding from
lands, tenements or lay-fees, tithes and the like.
TEM'PO-RAL-LY, idv. With respect to time or this life
only. South.
t TSM'PO-RAL-NESS, n. Worldliness.
TEM'PO-RAL-TY, n. 1. The laity ; secular people ; [little
used.] 2. Secular possessions.
TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OJjS, a. Temporary. [Little tised.]
TEM'PO-RA-RI-LY, adv. For a time only ; not perpetually.
TEM'PO-RA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being temporary.
TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [L. temporarius.] Lasting for a time
only ; existing or continuing for a limited time.
TEM-PO-RI-Za'TION, n. The act of temporizing.
TEM'PO-RiZE, v. I. [Fr. temporiser.] 1. To comply with
the time or occasion ; to humor or yield to the current of
opinion or to circumstances. 2. To delay ; to procrasti-
nate ; [I. u.] 3. To comply ; [obs.]
TEM'PO-RlZ-ER, n. One who yields to the time, or com-
plies with the prevailing opinions, fashions or occasions ;
a trimmer. Skak.
TEM'PO-RlZ-ING, ppr. Complying with the time, or with
the prevailing humors and opinions of men ; time-serving.
TEMPT, V. t. [Arm. tempti ; L. tento ; Fr. tenter ; It. ten-
tare ; Sp. tentar.] 1. To incite or solicit to an evil act ; to
entice to something wrong by presenting arguments that
are plausible or convincing, or by the offer of some plea-
sure or apparent advantage as the inducement. 2. To
provoke ; to incite. 3. To solicit ; to draw. 4. To try ;
to venture on ; to attempt. — 5. In Scripture, to try ; to
prove ; to put to trial for proof.
TEMPT'A-BLE, a. Liable to be tempted. Szcift.
TEMP-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of tempting; enticement
to evil. 2. Solicitation of the passions; enticements to
evil proceeding from the prospect of pleasure or advan-
tage. 3. The state of being tempted or enticed to evil.
4. Trial. 5. That which is presented to the mind as an
inducement to evil. — 6. In colloquial language, an allure-
ment M any thing indifferent, or even good.
TEMP-Ta'TION-LESS, a. Having no motive. Ham-
mond.
TEMPT'ED, pp. Enticed to evil ; provoked ; tried.
TEMPT'ER, n.' 1. One that solicits or entices to evil. 2.
The great adversary of man ; the devil. JiLitt. iv.
TEMPT'ING, ppr. 1. Enticing to evil; trying. 9. a.
Adapted to entice or allure ; attractive.
TEMPT'ING-LY, ado. In a manner to entice to evil ; so as
to allure.
TEMPT'RESS, n. A female who entices.
TEMSE, n. A sieve. Sometimes written terns and tempse.
TEMSE'BREAD, ; n. [Fr. tamiser ; It. tamisare.] Bread
TEM'SED-BREAD, \ made of flour better sifted than
common flour.
t TEM'U-LENCE, ) n. [L. temulentia.] Intoxication ; in-
f TEM'U-LEN-CY, \ ebriation ; drunkenness.
t TEM'U-LENT, a. [L. temulentas.] Intoxicated.
f TEM'U-LEN-TlVE, a. Drunken ; in a state of inebria-
tion.
'I EN, a. [Sax. tyn ; D. tien ; G. zehn ; Dan. tie ; Sw. tio.]
1. Twice five ; nine and one. 2. It is a kind of prover-
bial number.
* TEN'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be held, maintained or
defended against an assailant, or against attempts to
TE-Na'CIOUS, a. [h. tenax ; Fr. tenace.] L Holding fast,
3r inclined to hold fast ; inclined to retain what is in
possession. 2. Retentive ; apt to retain long what is com-
mitted to it. 3. Adhesive ; apt to adhere to another sub-
stance ; as oily, glutinous or viscous matter. 4. Niggard-
ly ; close-fisted.
TE-Na'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With a disposition to hold fast
what is possessed. 2. Adhesively. 3. Obstinately ; With
firm adherence. '
TE-Na'CIOUS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of holding fast ;
unwillingness to quit, resign or let go. 2. Adhesiveness ;
stickiness. 3. Reientiveness.
TE-NAC'I-TY, ',.. [Fr. tejiacite ; Tu. tenacitas.] 1. Adhe-
siveness ; that quality of bodies which makes them stick
or adhere to others ; glutinousness ; stickiness, 2. Tliat
quality of bodies which keeps them from parting, without
considerable force ; cohesiveness.
t TEN^A-CY, n. Tenaciousness. Barrow.
TE-NaIL', n. [Fr. tenaille.] In fortification, an outwork
consisting of two parallel sides with a front.
TEN'AIL-LON, n. In fortification, tenaillons are works
constructed on each side of the ravelins, like the lunets.
TEN AN-CY, n. [Sp. tenencia ; Fr. tenant ,' L. tenens.] In
law, a holding or possession of lands or tenements ; ten-
ure.
TEN'ANT, n. [Fr. tenant ; L. teneo.] 1. A person holding
land or other real estate under another, either by grant
lease or at will. 2. One who has possession of any place ;
a dweller. — Tenant in capite, or tenant in chief, by the
laws of England, is one who holds immediately of the
king.
TEN'ANT, V. t. To hold or possess as a tenant.
TEN'ANT-SAW. See Tenon.
TEN'ANT-A-BLE, a. Fit to be rented ; in a state of repair
suitable for a tenant.
TEN' ANT-ED, pp. Held by a tenant.
TEN'ANT-ING, ppr. Holding as a tenant.
TEN'ANT-LESS, a. Having no tenant ; unoccupied.
TEN'ANT-RY, n. 1. The body of tenants. 2. Tenancy ;
[obs.l
TENCH, n. [Fr. tenche ; Sp tenca ; Ti. tinea.] A fish.
TEND, v.t. [contracted from attend ; L,. attendo.] 1. To
watch ; to guard ; to accompany as an assistant or pro-
tector. 2. To hold and take care of. 3. To be atten-
tive to.
TEND, v.i. [h.tendo; Fr. tendre ; It. tendere.] J. To
move in a certain direction. 2. To be directed to any
end or purpose ; to aim at ; to have or give a leaning. 3
To contribute. 4. [for attend.] To attend ; to wait as at-
tendants or servants ; [colloquial.] 5. To attend as
something inseparable ; [obs.] 6. To wait ; to expect
[obs.] 7. To swing round an anchor, as a ship. Mar
Diet.
t TEND'ANCE, n. 1. Attendance ; state of expectation.
2. Persons attending. 3. Act of waiting; attendance.
4. Care; act of tending.
TEND'ED, pp. Attended ; taken care of; nursed.
TEND'EN-CY, 7t. [from tend ; h. tendens.] Drift; direc
tion or course towards any place, object, effect or result.
TEND'ER, n. 1. One that attends or takes care of; a nurse
2. A small vessel employed to attend a larger oiiO for
supplying her with provisions and other stores, or to con-
vey intelligence and the like. — 3- [Fr. tendre] In lain, nn
offer, either of money to pay a debt, or of service to he
performed, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture wliicii
would be incurred by non-payment oi non-performance
4. Any offer for acceptance. 5. The thing oftered. 6
Regard ; kind concern ; [obs.]
TEND'ER, V. t. [Fr. tendre ; L. tendo.] 1. To offer in
words ; or to exhibit or present for acceptance. 2. To
liold ; to esteem ; [obs,] 3. To offer in payment or satis-
faction of a demand, for saving a penalty or forfeiture.
TEN'DER, a. ''Fr. te7idre ; It. tenero ; Port, thiro.] 1. Soft ;
easily impressed, broken, bruised or injured ; not firm or
h?rd. 2. Very sensible to impression and pain ; easily
pained. 3. Delicate ; effeminate ; not hardy or able to
endure hardship. 4. Weak ; feeble ; as, tender age. 5.
Young and carefully educated. Prov. iv. 6. Susceptible
of the softer passions,, as love, compassion, kindness;
compassionate. 7. Compassionate ; easily excited to [)iiy,
forgiveness or favor. 8. Exciting kind concern. 9, tx
pressive of the softer passions. 10. Careful to save invin
late, or not to injure. 11. Gentle; mild; unwilling to
pain. 12. Apt to give pain. 13. Adapted to excite feel-
ing or sympathy ; pathetic.
TEND'ERED, pp. Offered for acceptance.
TEN'DER-HEART'ED, a. 1. Having great sensibility;
susceptible of impressions or influence. 2. Very suscep
tible of the softer passions of love, pity or kindness-
TEN'DER-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Susceptibility of ihe
softer passions.
TEND'SR-ING, ppr. Offering for acce;^iance.
TEN'DER-LING, ti. 1. A fondling ; one made tender l.y
too much kindness. 2. The first horn„ of a deer.
TEN'DER-LOIN, n. A tender part of flesh in the hind
quarter of beef.
TEN'DER-LY, aciv. L With tenderness ; mildly; gently;
softly ; in a manner not to injure or glvij pain. 2. Kind-
ly ; with pity or afffection.
TEN'DE^l-NESS, n. 1. The state of bpmg tender or easily
* See Srjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ; BULL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; IH as in tMs. f Obsolete.
TEN
830
TER
broken, bruised or injured ; softness j brittleness. 2. The
state of being easily hurt ; soreness. 3. Susceptibility of
the softter passions ; sensibility. 4. Kind attention ; anx-
iety for the good of another, or to save him frojn pain,
5. Scrupulousness ; caution ; extreme care or concern not
to give or to commit otfense. 6. Cautious care to preserve
or not to injure. 7. Softness of expression ; pathos.
TEND'ING, ppr. Having a certain direction ; taking care
of-
TEJSD'ING, n. In seamen's language, a swinging round or
movement of a ship upon her anchor.
TEN.'DIN-OUS, a. [Fr. tendineux ; It, tendinoso.] 1. Per-
taining to a tendon ; partaking of the nature of tendons.
2. Full of tendons; sinewy.
t TEND'MENT, n. Attendance ; care. Hall.
TEN'DON, n. [L. tendo ; Gr. revujv.] in anatomy, a hard,
lnsensiW« cord or bundle of fibres, by which a muscle is
attachea to a bone.
TEN'DRAG, n. An animal of the hedgehog kind.
TEN'DRIL, n. [Fr. teiidron.] A Cidsp or clasper of a vine
or other climbing or creeping plant.
TEN'DRIL, a. Clasping ; climbing, as a tendril.
TEN'DRY, 71. Proposal to acceptance ; tender. Heylin.
TEN'E-BROUS, ; a. [L. tenebrosus.l Dark : gloomy.
TE-Ne'BRI-OUS, \ Young.
TE-Ne'BROTTS-NESS
TEN-E-BROs't-TY,
Darkness ; gloom.
TEN'E-MENl', n. [Fr. ; Low L. tenemenUim.] 1. In com-
mon acceptation, a house ; a building for a habitation ; or
an apartment in a building, used by one family. Q. A
house or lands depending on a manor ; or a fee farm de-
pending on a superior. — 3, In law, any species of perma-
nent property that may be held, as land, houses, rents,
commons, an office, &c.
TEN-E-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to tenanted lands; that
is or may be held by tenants. Blackstone.
TEN-E-MENT'A-RY, a. That is or may be leased ; held
by tenants, Spelman.
TEN'ENT. See Tenet.
t TE-NER'I-TY, n. Tenderness.
TE-NES'MUS, n. [L,] A painful, ineffectual and repeated
effort, or a continual and urgent desire to go to stool,
* TEN'ET, n. [L. tenet, he holds.] Any opinion, princi-
ple, dogma or doctrine which a person believes or main-
tains as true,
TEN'FoLD, a. [ten and fold.] Ten times more.
TEN'NANT-ITE, n. [ficm Tennant.] A subspecies of gray
copper ; a mineral of a lead color. Ure.
TEN'NIS, n. A play in which a ball is driven continually
or kept in motion by rackets.
TEN'NIS, V. t. To drive a ball. Spenser.
TEN'ON, 71. [Fr.] In building and cabinet work, the end of
a piece of timber, whxh is fitted to a mortise.
TEN'OR, n. [L. tenor ; Fr. teneur ; It, tenore ; Sp, tenor.]
1, Continued run or currency ; whole course or strain, 2.
Stamp ; character, 3, Sense contained ; purport ; sub-
stance ; general course or drift. — 4. [Fr. tenor.] In music,
the natural pitch of a man's voice in singing ; hence, the
part of a tune adapted to a man's voice, tJie second of the
four parts, reckoning from the base, 5. The persons who
sing the tenor, or the instrument that plays it.
TENSE, (tens) a. [L. tensus.] Stretched ; strained to stiff-
ness ; rigid ; not lax,
TENSE, (tens) n. [corrupted from Fr, temps ; L, tempus.]
In grammar, time, or a particular form of a verb, or a
combination of words, used to express the time of action,
or of that which is affirmed ; or tense is an inflection of
verbs by which they are made to signify or distinguish
the time of actions or events,
'i ENSE'NESS, (tens'nes) n. The state of being tense or
stretched to stiffness ; stiffness. Sharp.
TENS'I-BLE, a. Capable of being extended. Bacon.
TENS'lLE, a. Capable of extension. Bacon.
TEN'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. tensio.] 1. The act of stretching or
straining. 2. The state of being stretched or strained to
stiffness; or the state of being bent or strained. 3, Dis-
tension.
TENS'IVE, a. Giving the sensation of tension, stiffness or
contraction.
TENS'OR, 71. In anatomy, a muscle that extends a part,
t I'EN'SURE. The same as tension. Bacon.
PENT, 71. [W, tent ; Fr, tejite ; Sp. tienda ; L. tentorium.]
1. A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of canvas or
other coarse clotu, stretched and sustained by poles ; used
fr,r sheltering persons from the weather, particularly sol-
diers in camp. — 2, In surgery, a roll of lint or linen, used
• » dilate an opening in the flesh.
TENT, 71. [Sp. tinto ; L. tinctws.] A kind of wine of a deep
red color, chiefly from Galicia or Malaga,
TENT, V. i. To lodge as in a tent ; to tabernacle,
TENT, V. t. 1. To probe ; to search as with a tent. Shak.
2. To keep open with a tent. Wiseman.
TEN'TA-€LE, n. [Tech. h. tentacula.] A filiform process
or organ on the bodies of various animals.
TENT'AGE, n. An encampment. [Unusual.] Drayton.
TEN-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. tentatio ; tento, to try.] Trial
temptation, [Little used.] Brown.
TENT'A-TlVE, a. [Fr.] Trying; essaying.
TENT'A-TlVE, n. An essay ; trial. Berkeley.
TENT'ED, a. 1. Covered or furnished with tents, as so -
diers, 2. Covered with tents ; as, a tented field.
TENT'ER, n. [L. tendo, tentus.] A hook for stretching
cloth on a frame. — To be on the tenters, to be on the
stretch ; to be in distress.
TENT'ER, V. t. To hang or stretch on tenters.
TENT'ER, V. i. To admit extension. Bacon.
TENT'ERED, pp. Stretched or hung on tenters.
TENT'ER-GROUND, n. Ground on which tenters are
erected,
TENT'ER-ING, ppr. Stretching or hanging on tenters.
TENTH, a. The ordinal often ; the first after the ninth.
TENTH, n. 1. The tenth part. 2, Tithe; the tenth part
of annual produce or increase. — 3. In music, the octave
of the third ; an interval comprehending nine conjoint de-
grees, or ten sounds, diatonically divided.
TENTH'LY, adv. In the tenth place.
t TEN-TIG'IN-OUS, a. ['L.tentigo.] Stiff; stretched. Picf.
TENT'OrRY, 71. [1j. tentorium.] The awning of a tent.
TENT'VVoRT, n. A plant of the genus aspZe78iM7?i.
TEN-U-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L, tenuis and folium.] Having
thinor narrow leaves,
TE-NuT-TY, n. [Fr, tenuite ; L, tenuitas.] 1. Thinness ;
smallness in diameter ; exility ; thinness, applied to a
broad sxLbstance, and slenderness, applied to one that is
long. 2. Rarity ; rareness ; thinness ; as of a fluid. 3.
Poverty ; [obs.]
TEN'U-OUS, a. [L. tenuis.] 1. Thin ; small ; mmute 2.
Rare.
* TEN'URE, 11. [Fr, from tenir ; L. teneo, to hold,] 1 A
holdmg. In English law, the manner of holding lands
and tenements of a superior. In the United States, almost
all lands are held in fee simple ; not of a superior, bv^t the
whole right and title to the property being vested in the
owner, 2, Tenure, in general, is the particular manner
of holding real estate, 3, The consideration, condition or
service which the occupier of land gives to his lord or
superior for the use of his land, 4, Manner of holding in
general,
TEP-E-F ACTION, n. [L. tepefacio.] The act or operation
of warming, making tepid or moderately warm.
TEP'E-FY, V. t. [L. tepefacio.] To make moderately warm.
TEP'E-FY, v. i. To become moderately warm,
TEP'ID, a. [L tepidu3.] Moderately warm ; lukewarm.
TE-PID'I-TY, n. - -
Richardson.
TEP'ID-NESS, 71, Moderate warmth ; lukewarmness,
Te'POR, 71, [L.] Gentle heat ; moderate warmth.
TER'A-PHIM, n. [Heb.] Household deities or images.
t TER-A-T0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. regas ar/d Aoyo?.] Bombast
in language ; affectation of sublimity, Bailey.
TERCE, (ters) n. [Sp. tercia ; Fr. tiers, tierce.] A cask
whose contents are 42 gallons, the third of a pipe or butt.
TER'CEL, 71. The male of the common falcon.
TEECE'-Ma-JOR, 71. A sequence of the three best cards.
TER'E-BINTH, n. [Fr, terebinthe.] The turpentine tree,
TER-E-BIN'THIN-ATE, a. Terebinthine, Ramsay.
TER-E-BIN'THlNE, a. [L, tcrebinthinus.] Pertaining to
turpentine ; consisting of turpentine, or partaking of its
qualities,
TER'E-BRATE, v. t. (L. terebro.] To bore ; to perforate
with a gimlet, [Little used.] Derham.
TER-E-BRa'TION, n. The act of boring, [L.u.] Bacon
TER-E-BRAT'U-LITE, n. Fossil terebratula, a shell.
TE-Re'DO, 71. [L,] A worm, or a genus of worms.
TER'EK, n. A water-fowl with long legs.
TER'ET, I a. [L. teres.] Round and tapering ; colum*
TE-ReTE', \ nar, as the stem of a plant.
TER-GEM'I-NAL, I a. [L. tergeminus.] Thrice double.
TER-GEM'I-NATE, S Martyn.
TER-GEM'I-NOUS, a. Threefold.
TER-GIF'E-TOUS, a. Tergifetous plants are such as bear
their seeds on the back of their leaves, as ferns.
TER'GI-VER-SATE, v. i. [L, terguvi and verto.] To shift;
to practice evasion, [Little used.]
TER-6I-VER-Sa'TI0N, n. 1, A shifting; shift; subter-
fuge; evasion. 2. Change; fickleness of conduct.
TERM, 71. [Gr. repua ; Fr. terme ; It. termine ; Sp. termino ;
L. terminus.] 1. A limit ; a bound or boundary ; the ex-
tremity of any thing ; that which limits its extent. 2.
The time for which any thing lasts ; any limited time.—
3. In geometry, a point or line that limits. — 4. In laze, the
limitation of an estate ; or. rather, the whole time or dura-
tion of an estate, — 5. In law, the time in which a court is
held or open for the trial of causes, — 6, In universities and
colleges, the time during which instruction is regularly
given to students, — 7. In grammar, a word or expression ;
that which fixes or determines ideas, — 8, In the arts, a
[Old Fr, tepidite.] Lukewarmness. Bp.
* See Sifnopsis. a, E, I, O V ^ long —FkR FALL WHAT ,— PREY ;—PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
TER
asi
TES
«vord or expression that denotes something peculiar to an
art. — 9. In loffic, a syllogism consists of three terms, the
major, the minor, and the middle. Hedge. — 10. In archi-
tecture, a kind of statues or columns adorned on the top
with the figure of a head, eitlier of a man, woman or
satyr. — 11. Among the ancients, terms, termini viiliares,
were the heads of certain divinities placed on square
land-marks of stone, to mark the several stadia on roads.
— 12. In algebra, a member of a compound quantity. Day.
— 13. Among physicians, the monthly courses of females
are called terms. — 14. In contracts, term^, in the plural,
are conditions ; propositions stated or promises made,
which, when assented to or accepted by another, settle
the contract and bind the parties.
TERM, V. t. To name ; to call ; to denominate. Locke.
TER'MA-GAN-CY, n. Turbulence ; tumultuousness.
TER'MA-GANT, a. [Sax. tir, or t7jr, and magan.] Tumult-
uous ; turbulent ; boisterous or furious j quarrelsome ;
scolding.
TER'MA-GANT, n. A boisterous, brawling, turbulent wo-
man.
TERMED, pp. Called ; denominated.
TERM'ER, n. One who travels to attend a court term.
TERM'ER, ) n. One who has an estate for a term of vears
TERM'OR, \ or life. Blackstone.
TERM'-FEE, n. Among lawyers^ a fee or certain sum
charged to a suitor for each term his cause is in court.
TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be bounded r limitable.
TERM'IN-AL, a. '[from L, terminus.] 1. In botany, grow-
ing at the end of a branch or stem; terminating. 2.
Forming the extremity.
TERM'IN-ATE, v. t. [Fr. terminer; L. termino ; Sp. ter-
minar; It. terminate; L. terminus.'] 1. To bound; to
limit ; to set the extreme point or side of a thing. 2. To
end ; to put an end to.
TERM'IN-ATE, v. i. 1. To be limited ; to end ; to come
to the furthest point in space. 2. To end ; to close ; to
come to a limit in time.
TERM'IN-A-TED, pp. Limited ; bounded ; ended.
TERM'rN-A-TING,;)j3r. Limiting; ending; concluding.
TERM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. The act of limiting or setting
bounds ; the act of ending or concluding. 2. Bound ;
limit in space or extent. 3. End in time or existence.—
4. In grammar, the end or ending of a word ; the syllable
or letter that ends a word. 5. End ; conclusion ; result.
6. Last purpose. 7. Word ; term ; [obs.]
TERM-IN-A'TION-AL, a. Forming the end or concluding
syllable. Walker.
TERM'IN-A-TlVE, a. Directing termination. Bp. Rust.
TERM'IN-A-TiVE-LY, ado. Absolutely; so as not to re-
spect any thing else. Taylor.
TERM'IN-A-TOR, n. In astronomy, a name sometimes
given to the circle of illumination, from its property of
terminating the boundaries of light and darkness.
TERM'iNE. Anciently used for terminate.
TERM'IN-ER, n. A determining, as in oyer and terminer.
TERM'ING, ppr. CaUing ; denominating.
TERM'IN-IST, 71. In ecclesiastical history, a sect of Chris-
tians.
TERM-IN-OL'O-GY, u. [L. terminus, or Gr. TEpjxa and
\oyos.] 1. The doctrine of terms ; a treatise on terms.—
2. In natural history, that branch of the science which
explains all the terms used in the description of natural
objects.
TER-MIN'THUS, n. [Gr. TepfjuvOog.] In surgery/, a large,
painful tumor on the skin, thought to resemble a pine nut.
TERM'LESS, a. Unlimited; boundless. Raleigh.
TERM'LY, a. Occurring every term. Bacon.
TERM'LY, adi\ Term by term ; every term. Bacon.
TERN, n. [L. sterna.] A common name of certain aquatic
fowls of the genus sterna. Ed. Encyc.
TERN, a. [L, ternus.] Threefold ; consisting of three.
TERN'A-RY, a. [L. ternarius.] Proceeding by threes;
consisting of three. Cyc
TERN'A-RY, or TERN'ION, n. [L. ternarius, ternio.] The
number three. Holder.
TERN'ATE, a. [L. ternus, terni.] In botany, a ternate leaf
is one that has three leaflets on "a petiole.
TER'RA Japonica, catechu, so called.— Terra Lemnia, a
species of red, bolar earth. — Terra ponderosa, barytes ;
heavy spar. — Terra Sienna, a brown bole from Sienna.
TER'RACE, n. [Fr. tcrrasse ; It. terrazzo ; Sp. terrado.]
1. In gardening, a raised bank of earth with sloping sides,
laid with turf, and graveled on the top for a walk. 2. A
balconv or open gallery. 3. The flat roof of a house.
TER'RACE, V. t. 1. To form into a terrace, 2. To open
to the air and light.
TER'RACED, pp. Formed into aterrace ; having a terrace.
Thomson.
TER'RA-CING, ppr Forming into a terrace.
TER'R^-FIL'I-US, n. [L.] Formerly, a satirical actor at
the public acts in the university of Oxford, not unlike the
prevaricator at Cambridge. Guardian.
TER'RA-PIN, n. A species of tide- water tortoise.
TER-Ra'QUE-OUS, a. [L. terra and aqua.] Consisting of
land and water, as the globe or earth.
trER'RAR,_7i. A register of lands. Cowel.
TERRE-BLuE, n. [Fr. terre, and blue.] A kind of earta
tTERRE-MOTE, n. [L. terra and motus.] An earth-
quake.
TERRE-PLEIN, ) n. [¥r. terre anAplein.] In fortification,
TERRE-PLAIN, \ the top, platform or horizontal surface
of a rampart, on which the cannon are placed.
TERRE-TEN'ANT, \ n. [Fr. terre-tenant.] One who has
TER-TEN'ANT, \ the actual possession of land ; the
occupant.
TERRE-VERTE, n. [Fr. terre and verd, verte.] A species
of green earth, used by painters.
TER'REL, n. Little, earth, a magnet of a spherical figure.
TER-ReNE', a. [L. terreiius.] 1. Pretaining to the earth ;
earthy. 2. Earthly ; terrestrial.
TER'RE-OUS, a. [L, terreus.] Earthy; consisting of
earth.
TER-RES'TRI-AL, a. [L. terrestris.] 1. Pertaining to the
earth ; existing on the earth. 2. Consisting of earth. 3.
Pertaining to the world, or to the present state ; sublu-
nary.
TER-RES'TRI-AL-LY, adv. After an earthly manner.
t TER-RES'TRI-FY, v. t. [L. terrestris and facio.] To re-
duce to the state of earth. Brown.
TER-RES'TRI-OUS, a. 1. Earthy; [little used.] 2. Per-
taininc to the earth ; being or living on the earth ; terres-
trial.
TER'RI-BLE, a.. [Fr.; Ij. terribilis.] 1. Frightful; adapted
to excite terror; dreadful; formidable. 2. Adapted to
impress dread, terror or solemn awe and reverence.
3. adv. Severely ; very ; so as to give pain ; as, terrible
cold ; a colloquial phrase.
TER'RI-BLE-NESS, n. Dreadfulness ; formidableness ; the
quality or state of being terrible.
TER'RI-BLY, adv. 1, Dreadfully ; in a manner to excite
terror or fright. 2. Violently ; very greatly.
TER'RI-ER, n. {Fr.] 1. A dog or little hound, that creeps
into the ground after animals that burrow. 2. A lodge or
hole where certain animals secure themselves. 3. A
book or roll in which the lands of private persons or cor-
porations are described. 4. [L. tero.] A wimble, auger
or borer.
TER-RIF'I€, a. [L, terrificus.] Dreadful ; causing terror ;
adapted to excite great fear or dread.
TER RI-FiED, pp. Frightened ; afirighted.
TER'RI-F-?, V. t. [L. terror and facio.] To frighten ; to
alarm or shock with fear.
TER'RI-FY-ING, ppr. Frightening ; affrighting.
TER-RIG'EN-OUS, a. [L. terrigena.] Earthborn ; produ-
ced by the earth.
TER-RI-To'RI-AL. a. 1. Pertaining to territory or land.
2. Limited to a certain district.
TER-RI-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In regard to territory; by
means of territory. E. Everett.
TER'RI-TO-RY, ii.. [Fr. territoire ; It., Sp. territorio ; L.
territorium.] 1. The extent or compass of land within the
bounds or belonging to the jurisdiction of any state, city
or other body. 2. A tract of land belonging to and ruder
the dominion of a prince or state, lying at a distance from
the parent country or from the seat of government.
TER'ROR, n. [L. terror ; Fr. terreur ; It. terrore.] 1. Ex-
treme fear ; violent dread ; fright ; fear that agitates the
body and mind. 2. That which may excite dread; the
cause of extreme fear. — 3. In Scripture, the sudden judg-
ments of God are called terrors. Ps. Ixxiii. 4. The
threatenings of wicked men, or evil apprehended from
them. 1 Pet. iii. 5. Awful majesty, calculated to impress
fear. 2 Cor. v. 6. Death is emphatically styled the king
of terrors.
TERSE, (ters) a. [L. tersv^.] Cleanly written ; neat; ele-
gant without pompousness.
TERSE'LY, (ters'ly) adv. Neatly.
TERSE'NESS, (ters'nes) n. Neatness of style ; smoothness
of language. Warton.
TER-TEN'ANT, n. [Fr. ten-e, and tenant.] The occupant
of land.
TER'TIALS, •". In ornithology, feathers near the junction
of the wing with the body.
TER'TIAN, a. [L. tertianus, from tertius, third.] Occur-
ring every other day ; as, a tertian fever.
TER'TIAN, n. A disease or fever whose paroxysms return
every other day. 2. A measure of 84 gallons; [obs.]
TER'TIA-RY, a. Third ; of the third formation. Tertiary
mountains are such as result from the ruins of other
mountains promiscuously heaped together. Kirwan.
TER'TIATE, ?'. t. [L. tertiiis.] 1. To do any thing the
third time. 2. To examine the thickness of the metal at
the muzzle of a gun ; or, in general, to examine the thick-
ness to ascertpin the strength of ordnance.
TES'SEl-ATE, v. t. PL. tessela.] To fcrm iiitc squares or
checkers ; to lay with checkered work.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as 8H ; TH as ir. this, t Obsclett
TES
832
TET
TES'SEL-A-TED, pp. 1. Checkered ; formed in little
squares or mosaic work.— 2. In botany, spotted or check-
ered like a chess-board.
TES-SEL-A'TION, n. Mosaic work or the operation of
making it. Forsyt/i, Italy.
TES-SE-RA'ie, a. [L. tessera.] Diversified by squares j
tesselated. Atkytis.
TEST, n. [L. testa ; It. testa, or tcsto ; Fr. tit.] 1. In metal-
lurgy, a large cupel, or a vessel in which metals are melt-
ed for trial and refinement. 2. Trial; examination by
the cupel ; hence, any critical trial and examination. 3.
Means of trial. 4, That with which anything is com-
pared for proof of its geimineness ; a standard. 5. Dis-
criminative characteristic ; standard. 6. Judgment ; dis-
tinction. — 7. In chemistry, a substance employed to detect
any unknown constituent of a compound, by causing it to
exhibit some known property.
TEST, 71. [L. teuis.] In England, an oath and declaration
against transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and
military, were heretofore obliged to take within six
months after their admission.
TEST, V. t. 1. To compare with a standard ; totry ; to prove
the truth or genuineness of any thing by experiment or
by some fixed principle or standard. Edin. Review. 2. To
attest and date. — 3. In metallurgy, to refine gola or silver
by means of lead, in a test, by the destruction, vitrifica-
tion or scorification of all extraneous matter.
TEST'A-BLE, a. [L. testor.] That may be devised or given
by will. Blackstone.
TES-TA-CE-OG'RA-PHY. See Testa ceology.
TKS-TA-CE-0L'0-6Y, | n. [L. testacea, or testa, and Gr.
TES-TAL'0-6Y, ) Xuyos.] The science of testace-
ous vermes ; a branch of vermeology.
TES-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L, testaceus.] Pertaining to shells ;
consisting of a hard shell, or having a hard, continuous
shell.
TEST'A-MENT, n. [Fr.; L. testamentum.] 1. A solemn,
authentic instrument in writing, by which a yerson de-
clares his will as to the disposal of his estate and eflects
after his death. This is otherwise called a will. 2. The
name of each general division of the canonical books of
the Scriptures ; as the Old Testament ; the New Testa-
ment.
TEST-A-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to a will or to
wills. 2. Bequeathed by will ; given by testament. 3.
Done by testament or will.
TEST-A-MENT-a'TIOJ\% n. The act or power of giving
bv wtU. [Little used.] B.urke.
TEST'ATE, a. [L. testatus.] Having made and left a will.
TEST-a'TION, 71. [L. testatio.] A witnessing or witness.
TEST-a'TOR, n. [L.] A man who makes and leaves a
will or testament at death.
TEST-a'TRIX, n. A woman who makes and leaves a will
TEST'ED, pp. Tried or approved by a test. Shak.
TEST'ER, n. [Fr. tite.] The top covering of a bed.
TEST'ER, ( n. A French coin, of the value of about six-
TEST'ON, \ pence sterling.
TEST'ERN, n. A six-pence.
t TEST'ERN, V. t. To present with six-pence.
T£ST'I-eLE, n. [L. testiculus.] The testicles are male or-
gans of generation. Cyc.
TES-TI€'U-LATE, a. In botany, shaped like a testicle.
TES-TI-FI-€a'TION, ?*. [L. testificatio.] The act of testi-
fying or giving testimony or evidence. South.
TES-TI-F_I-eA'TOR n One who gives evidence.
TEST'I-FlED, pp. [from testify.] Given in evidence ; wit-
nessed ; published; made known.
TEST'I-Fl-ER, n. One who testifies ; one who gives testi-
mony or bears witness to prove any thing.
TEST'I-F-?, V. i. [L. testificor ; It. testificare ; Sp. testifi-
car.] 1. To make a solemn declaration ; to establish some
fact; to give testimony. — 2. In judicial proceedings, to
make a solemn declaration under oath, for the purpose of
establishing or making proof of some fact to a court. 3.
To declare a charge against one. 4. To protest; to de-
clare against.
TEST'I-FY, V. t. 1. To afiirm or declare solemnly for the
purpose of establishing a fact. — 2. In law, to affirm or de-
clare under oath before a tribunal, for the purpose of
proving some fact. 3. To bear witness to ; to support the
truth of by testimony. 4. To publish and declare freely.
TEST'I-F-J-ING, ppr. Affirming solemnly or under oath ;
giving testimony ; bearing witness ; declaring.
TEST'I-LY, adv. Fretfully ; peevishly ; with petulance.
TEST-I-Mo'NI-AL, n. [Fr.; L. testimonium.] A writing or
certificate in favor of one's character or good conduct.
TEST'I-MO-NY, n. [L. testimonium.] 1. A solemn declara-
tion or affirmation made for the purpose of establishing or
proving some fact. Such affirmation , in judicial proceed-
ings, may be verbal or written, but must be under oath.
Testimony differs from evidence ,• testimony is the declara-
tion of a witness, and evidence is the effect of that de-
claration on the mind, or the degree of light which it af-
fords. 2. Affirmation ; declaration. 3, Open attestation ■
profession . 4. Witness ; evidence ; proof of some fact.-
5. In Scripture, the two tables of the law. 6. The book of
the law. 7. The gospel, which testifies of Christ and de
Clares the will of God. Tim. i. 8. The ark. Ex. xvi. 9
The word of God ; the Scriptures. Ps. xix. 10. The laws,
or precepts of God. Psalms U. That which is equiva-
lent to a declaration ; manifestation. Clarke. 12. Evi-
dence suggested to the mind. 2 Cor. i. 13. Attestation ,
confirmation.
t TEST'I-MO-NY, v. t. To witness. Shak.
TEST'I-NESS, 71. Fretfulness ; peevishness ; petulance.
TEST'ING, ppr. [from test.] Tiying foj- proof; proving
by a standard or by experiment. (Tre.
TEST'ING, 71. 1. The act of trying for proof.— 2. In metal-
lurgy, the operation of refining large quantities of gold oi
silver by means of lead, in the vessel called a test.
TES-TOON', n. A silver coin in Italy and Portugal.
TEST'-P5-PER, n. A paper impregnated with a chemical
re-agent, as litmus, &c. Parke.
TES-TU'DI-NAL, a. Pertaining to the tortoise, or resem-
bling it. Fleming.
TES-'l'U'DI-NA-TED, a. [L. testudo.] Roofed ; arched.
TES-7 g-DIN'E-OUS, a. Resembling the shell of a tortoise.
TES-TU'DO, 71. [L.] 1. A tortoise.— Among the i^o??7a7^s, a
cover or skreen which a body of troops formed with their
shields or targets, by holding them over their heads when
standing close to each other. — 2. In medicine, a broad soft
tumor between the skull and the skin, called also talpa,
or mole.
TEST'Y, a. [from Fr. teste, tete, the head.] Fretful;
peevish; petulant ;. easily irritated. Shak.
TET'A-NUS, 7J.. [Gi. TSTavos.] A spasmodic contraction of
the muscles of voluntary motion ; the locked jaw. Cyc.
TE-TAUG', n. The name of a fish on the coast of l>ie\v
F^ng'land ; called, also, black-fish.
fTETCH'I-NESS, > See Techiness, Techy, [corrupted
t TETCHY, ) from touchy, touchiness.]
TETE, (tate) n. [Fr. head.] False hair; a kind of wig or
cap of false hair.
TETE'-A-TETE', [Fr.] Head to head; cheek by jowl ; in
private.
TETH'ER, 71. A rope or chain by which a beast is confined
for feeding within certain limits.
TETH ER, V. t. To confine, as a beast, with a rope or
chain for feeding within certain limits. See Tedder.
TET'RA-CHORD, n. [Gr. Terrapa and %opJ?;.] In ancient
music, a diatessaron ; a series of four sounds.
TET'RAD, 71. [Gr. rgrpas.] The number four ; a collection
of four things.
TET-RA-DAC'TY-LOUS, a. [Gr. rerQa and ^aKTvXos]
Having four toes.
TET-RA-DI-A-Pa'SON, n. [Gr. rtrpa, and diapason.]
Quadruple diapason or octave ; a musical chord.
TET-RA-DRACH'MA, n. [Gr. rtr^a and ^f)ay^»?.] In an-
cient coinage, a silver coin worth fou>- drachmas, 3s.
sterling.
TET-RA-DY-NAM'I-AN, 71. [Gr. rerpa and ^uva/^t?.] In
botany, a plant having six stamens.
TET-RA-DY-NAM'I-AN, a. Having six stamens, four of
which are uniformly longer than the others.
TET'RA-GON, n. [Gr. rerpaywi'os-.] 1. In geometry, a fig-
ure having four angles ; a quadrangle ; as a square, a
rhombus, &c. — 2. In astrology, an aspect of two planets
with regard to the earth, when they are distant from each
other ninety degrees.
TE-TRAG'0-NAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a tetragon ; having
four angles or sides. — 2. In botany, having four prominent
longitudinal angles, as a stem.
TET'RA-GO-NISM, n. The quadrature of the circle.
TET'RA-GYN, n. [Gr. rtrpa and yvvr].] In botany, a plant
having four pistils.
TET-RA-GYN'I-AN, a. Having four pistils.
TET-RA-He'DRAL, a. 1. Having four equal triangles,—
2. In botany, having four sides, as a pod or sdique.
TET-RA-He'DRON, n. [Gr. rerpa and £^pa.] In geometry,
a figure comprehended under four equilateral and equal
triangles.
TET-RA-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. Ttr^a and hexahe-
dral.] In crystalography, exhibitmg four ranges of faces,
cne above another, each range containing six faces.
TE-TRAM'E-TER. n. [Gr. rtr^a and ptTQov.] In ancient
poetry, an iambic verse consisting of four feet, found in
the comic poets.
TE-TRAN'DER, n. [Gr. rerpa and avri^.] In botany, n
plant having four stamens.
TE-TRAN'DRI-AN, a. Having four stamens.
TET-RA-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. rtrpa and rreruXoi/.J In
botany, containing four distinct petals or flower-leaves
TE-TRAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. rtrpa and ^vWov.] In
botany, having four leaves.
* See Synopsis, a, E, i, 5, tj, 1?, long.— FAS., FALL, WIIiJiT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
THA
833
THE
TET'RAP-TOTE, n. [Gr. rer^a and itTumis.] In grammar,
a noun that has four cases only ; as L. astus, lk.c.
* TE'TRAReH, w. [Gr. Terpap'xris.] A Roman governor
of the fourth part of a province ; a" subordinate prince.
TE-TRARCH'ATE, n. The fourth part of a province un-
der a Roman tetrarch ; or tlie office of a tetrarch.
TE-TRAR€H'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a tetrarchy. Herbert.
* TET'RAR-€HY, n. The same as tetrarchate.
TET-RA-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. rerpa and anspixa.] In
botany, containing four seeds.
TE-TRAS'TI€H, n. TGr. T£rpa(7rt;^os.] A stanza, epigram
or poem consisting of four verses. Pope.
TET'RA-STYLE, n. [Gr. tetou and arv'Xos.] In ancient
architecture, a building with four columns in front. Cyc.
TET-RA-SYL-LAB'ie, ) a. Consisting of four sylla-
TET-RA-SYL-LABI-€AL, ' bles. Cyc.
TET-RA-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. rerpa and (rvWafirj.] A
word consisting of four syllables.
Itpt/rt^at \^- [^- tetricus.] Froward; perverse;
tTET'RI-SoUS ? harsh J sour; rugged. Knolles.
t TE-TRIC'I-Ty', 71. Crabbedness ; perverseness
TET'TER, n. [Sax. teter, tetr.l 1. In medicine^ a common
name of several cutaneous diseases. — 2. In fai-riery, a
cutaneous disease of animals, of the ring-worm kind.
TET'TER, V. t. To affect with the disease called tetters.
t TET'TISH, a. [qu. Fr. tSte, head.] Captious i testy.
TEu-TON'ie, a. Pertaining to the Teutons, a people of
Germany, or to their language ; as a nou7i, the language
of the Teutons, the parent of the German Dutch, and An-
glo Saxon or native English.
TEW, V. t. 1. To work ; to soften ; [obs. See Taw.] 2.
To woi-k ; to pull or tease ; amung seamen.
t TEW, n. 1. Materials for any thing. 2. An iron chain.
TEW'EL, n. [Fr. tuyau.} An iron pipe iiia forge to receive
the pipe of a bellows. Moxon.
tTEW'TAW, v.t. To beat; to break. [Sec Tew,] Mort-
imer.
TEXT, n. [Fr. texte ; L. textus i It. testo.] 1. A discourse
or composition on which a note or commentary is written.
2. A verse or passage of Scripture which a preacher se-
lects as the subject of a discourse. 3. Any particular
passage of Scripture, used as authority in argument for
proof of a doctrine. — 4. In ancient law authors, the four
Gospels, by way of eminence.
TEXT, V. t. To write, as a text. [Mot much ttsed.] Beaum.
TEXT'-BOOK, n. 1. In universities and colleges, a classic
author vv^ritten with wide spaces betvieen the lines, to
give room for the observations or interpretation dictated
by the master or regent. 2. A book containing the lead-
ing principles or most important points of a science or
branch of learning, arranged in order for the use of stu-
dents.
TEXT'-HAND, n. A large hand in writing.
TEXT'lLE, a. [L. textilis.] Woven, or capable of being
woven.
TEXT'lLE, n. That which is or may be woven.
TEXT'-MAN, ?i, A man ready in the quotation of texts.
TEX-To'RI-AL, a. [L. textor.] Pertaining to weaving.
TEXT'RiNE, a. Pertaining to weaving. Derham.
TEXT'U-AL, a. I. Contained in the text. 2. Serving for
texts.
TEXT'U-AL-IST, ) n. [Fr. textuaire.] 1. One who is well
TEXT'U-A-RY, \ versed in the Scriptures, and can
readily quote texts. 2. One who adheres to the text.
TEXT'U-A-RY, a. 1. Textual ; contained in the text.
Broian. 2. Serving as a text ; authoritative. Glanville.
TEXT'U-IST, n. One ready in the quotation of texts.
TEXT'URE, n. [L. textura.'] 1. The act of weaving. 2.
A web ; that which is woven. 3. The disposition or con-
nection of threads, filaments or other slender bodies in-
terwoven, 4. The disposition of the several parts of any
body in connection with each other ; or the manner in
which the constituent parts are united 5. In anatomy.
THACK, for thatch, is local. See Thatch.
THAL'LITE, n. [Gr. OaXAoj.] In mineralogy, a substance
called pistacite by Werner,
THAM'MUZ, n. 1. The tenth month of the Jewish civil
year, containing 29 days, and answering to a part of June
and a part of July. 2. The name of a deity among the
Phenicians.
THAN, adv. [Sax. thanne ; Goth, than ; D. dan. This
word signifies also then, both in English and Dutch.]
This word is placed after some comparative adjective or
adverb, to express comparison between what precedes
and what follows ; as, wisdom is better than strength.
THANE, n. [Sax. thegn, thcegn.] The thanes in England
were formerly persons of some dignity.
THaNE'-LANDS, n. Lands granted to thanes.
THaNE'SHIP, n. The state or dignity of a thane ; or his
seignory.
THANK, V t. [Sax. thancian ; G.,D. danken.] 1. To ex-
press gratitude for a favor ; to make acknowledgments to
one for kindness bestowed. 2. It is used ironically.
THANK, ; n. ; generally in the plural. [Sax. thane
THANKS, \ Gaelic, tainc] Expression of gratitude ; aa
acknowledgment made to express a sense of favor o<
kindness received.
THANKED, pp. Having received expressions of gratitude.
THANK'FjJL, a. [Sax. thancfull ; Gaelic, taincal.] Grate-
ful ; impressed with a sense of kindness received, and
ready to acknowledge it.
THANK'F(JL-LY, adv. With a grateful sense of favor or
kindness received. Dryden.
THANK'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Expression of gratitude; ac
knowledgment of a favor. 2. Gratitude ; a lively sense
of good received.
THANK'ING, ppr. Expressing gratitude for good received.
THANK'LESS, a. 1. Unthankful ; ungrateful ; not ac-
knowledging favors. 2. Not deserving thanks, or not
likely to gain thanks.
THANK'LESS-NESS, n. Ingratitude ; failure to acknowl-
edge a kindness. Donne.
THANK'-OF-FER-ING, n. [thank and offering.] An offer-
ing made in acknowledgment of mercy. Waits.
t THANKS-GlVE', (thanks-giv') v. t. [thanks and give.]
To celebrate or distinguish by solemn rites. Mede.
THANKS-GIVER, ?t. One who gives thanks or acknowl-
edges a kindness. Barrow.
THANKS-GIVING, ppr. Rendering thanks for good re-
ccivcd
THANKS-GIVING, n. 1. The act of rendering thanks or
expressing gratitude for favors or mercies. 2. A public
celebration of divine goodness ; also, a day set apart for
religious services.
THANK'-WoR-THY, a. [thank and worthy.] Deserving
thanks ; meritorious. 1 Pet. ii.
THARM, 71. [Sax. thearm ; G., D. darm.] Intestines
twisted into a cord. [Local.]
THAT, an adjective, pronoun or substitute. [Sax. thcet,
that ; Goth, ihata ; D. dat ; G. das ; Dan. det ; Sw, det.]
1. That is a word used as a definitive adjective, pointing
to a certain person or thing before mentioned, or supposed
to be understood. 2. That is used definitively, to desig-
nate a specific thing or person emphatically 3. Tkut is
used as the representative of a noun, either a person or a
thing. In this use, it is often a pronoun and a relative
4. That is also the representative of a sentence, or part of
a sentence, and often of a series of sentences. 5. That
sometimes is the substitute for an adjective ; as, you allertge
that the man is innocent ; that he is not. 6. That, in the
following use, has been called a conjunction ; as, " I
heard that the Greeks had defeated the Turks." 7. IViat
was formerly used for that which, like what. 8. That is
used in opposition to this, or by way of distinction. 9.
When this and that refer to foregoing words, this, like
the Latin hie, and French ceci, refers to the latter, and
that to the former. 10. That sometimes introduces an ex-
planation of something going before. — In that, a phrase
denoting consequence, cause or reason ; that referring to
the following sentence.
THATCH, n. [Sax. thac] Straw or other substance used
to cover the roofs of buildings, or stacks of hay or grain,
for securing them from rain, &c.
THATCH, V. t. To cover with straw, reeds or some similar
THATCHED, pp. Covered with straw or thatch.
THATCH'ER, n. One whose occupation is to thatch
houses.
THATCH'ING, ppr. Covering with straw or thatch.
THATCH'ING, n. The act or art of covering buildings
witli thatch, so as to keep out water.
?Htu-Si:?TO'G^€AL, I «• Exciting wonder. Burton.
THAU'MA-TUR-GY, n. [Gr. Oavixa and epyov.] The act
of'performing something wonderful. Warton.
THAW, V. i. [Sax. thawan ; G. thauen.] 1. To melt, dis-
solve or become fluid, as ice or snow. 2. To become so
warm as to melt ice and snow.
THAW, V. t. To melt ; to dissolve ; as ice, snow, hail or
frozen earth.
THAW, n. The melting of ice or snow ; the resolution of
ice into the state of a fluid.
THAWED, -pp. Melted, as ice or snow.
THAWING, ppr. Dissolving ; resolving into a fluid ; lique-
fying ; as any thing frozen.
THE, an adjective, or definitive adjective. [Sax. the ; D. de.J
1. This adjective is used as a definitive, that is, before
nouns which are specific or understood ; or it is used to
limit their signification to a specific thing or things, or to
describe them ; as, the laws of the twelve tables. — 2. The
is also used rhetorically before a noun in the singular num-
ber, to denote a species by way of distinction ; a single
thing representing the whole ; as, the fig-tree puttetii
forth her green figs.— 3. In poetry, the sometimes loses
the final vowel before another vowel.— 4. The is used
* Sec Synapsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH a.s SH ; TH as in this, f Obsclete
THE
834
THE
before adjectives in the comparative and superlative de-
gree.
THe'AII-€HY, 71. [Gr. Oeos and apx^-] Government by
God ; more commonly called theocracy.
THe'A-TiNE, ?i. One of an order of nuns conforming to tbe
ru^es of the Theatins.
THe^A-TINS, n. An order of regular priests in Naples.
fTHE'A-TRAL, a. Belonging to a theatre.
THe'A-TRE, I n. [Fr. theatre ; L. theatrum ; Gr. deaTpov.']
THe'A-TER, \ 1. Among the ancients, an edifice in
vp^hich spectacles or shows v/ere exhibited for the amuse-
ment of spectators. — 2. In modern times, a house for tlie
exhibition of dramatic periormances, as tragedies, come-
dies and farces ; a play-house. — 3. Among the Italians,
' an assemblage of buildings, which, by a happy disposition
and elevation, represents an agreeable scene to the eye.
4. A place rising by steps or gradations like the seats of a
theatre. 5. A place of action or exhibition. 6. A build-
ing for the exhibition of scholastic exercises, as at Oxford,
or for other exhibitions.
THE-AT'Rie, / a. Pertainhig to a theatre or to scenic
THE-AT'RI-€AL, ^ representations ; resembling the man-
ner of dramatic performers.
THE-AT'RI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of actors on the
stage ; in a manner suiting the stage.
THEAVE, or THAVE, n. An ewe of the first year. [Lo-
cal.]
THEE, pron. obj. case of thou.
t THEE, V. i. [Goth, thihan ; Sax. thea?i.] To thrive ; to
prosper. Chaucer.
THEFT, ?i. [Sax. thyfthe.] 1. The act of stealing.— In Zajc,
the private, unlawful , felonious taking of another person's
goods or movables, with an intent to steal them. 2. The
thing stolen. Ex. xxii.
THEFT-BOTE, n. [theft, and Sax. bote.] In lata, the re-
ceiving of a man's goods again from a thief.
THEIR, a. pronom. [Sax. Mora ; Ice. tkeirra.] I. Their
has the sense of a pronominal adjective, denoting of them,
or the possession of two or more. — 2. Theirs is used as a
substitute for the adjective and the noun to which it re-
fers, and in this case it may be the nominative to a
verb.
TIlE'ISJM, n. [from Gr. 0£Of.] The belief or acknowledg-
ment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism.
THe'IST, n. One v;ho believes in the existence of a God.
THE-IS'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to theism, or to a theist ;
THE-IS'TI-€AL, S according to the doctrine of theists.
THEM, pron.; the objective case of they, and of both gen-
ders.
THEME, n. [L. thema : Gr. Beij.a.] 1. A subject or topic
on wjiich a person writes or speaks. 2. A short disserta-
tion composed by a student. — 3. In grammar, a radical
verb, or the verb in its primary absolute sense, not modi-
fied by inflections. — 4. In ?nusic, a series of notes selected
as the text or subject of a new composition.
THEM-SELVES', a compound of them and selves, and
added to they bv way of emphasis or pointed distinction.
THEN, adv. [Goth., Sax. thanne ; G. dunn ,' D. dan.] ]. At
that time, referring to a time specified, either past or fu-
ture. 2. Afterward ; soon afterward, or immediatelj'. 3.
In that case ; in consequence. Gal. iii. 4. Therefore ;
for this reason. 5. At anotlier time. 6. That time. 3Iil~
ton.
THENCE, (thens) adv. [Sax. thanan, thanon ; G. dannen.]
1. From that place. 2. From that time. 3. For that
reason.
THENCE'FoRTH, (thens'forth) ado. [thence and forth.]
From that time.
THENCE-FOR'WARD, ado. [thence and forward.] From
that time onward. Kettleioell.
tTHENCE'FROM, adv. From that place.
TilE-Oe'RA-CY, n. [Fr. theocracie ; It. teocrazia ; Sp. te-
ocracia ; Gr. Osog and Kparog.] Government of a state by
the immediate direction of God ; or the state thus gov-
erned.
THE-0-eRAT'I€, ) a. Pertaining to a theocracy ; ad-
THE-O-GRAT'I-CAL, S ministered by the immediate di-
rection of God.
THE-OD'I-CY, n. [Gr. Bso;, and L, dico.] The science of
God ; metaphysical theolosy. Leibnitz.
THE-OD'O-LITE, n. An instrument for taking the heights
and distances of objects, or for measuring horizontal and
vertical angles in la!id-3urveymg.
THE-OG'O-NY, n. [Fr. theogonie : Gr. Oeoyovia.] In my-
thology, the generation of the gods ; or that branch of
heathen theology which taught the genealogy of their de-
ities.
rHE-OL'O-GAS-TER, n. A kind of quack in divinity.
rHE-0-Lo'6l-AN, 7t. A divine ; a person well versed in
theologv, or a professor of divinity. Milton.
THE-0-L,06'I€, ) a. Pertaining to divinity, or the
THE-0-L06'I-€AL, \ science of God and of divine
things.
THE-0-L06'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the principlea
of theology.
THE-OL'O-GIST, n. A divine ; one studious in the science
of divinity, or one well versed in that science.
THE-OL'0-GlZE, v. t. 1. To render theological. 2. v. i
To frame a system of theology 5 [I. m.]
THE-OL'0-GlZ-ER, n. A divine, or a professor of theology
[UnusiLal.] Boyle.
THe'O-LOGUE, for theologist. [Little used.]
THE-OL'0-GY, n. [Fr. theologie ; It., Sp. teologia ; Gr.
d£o\oyia.] Divinity ; the science of God and divine
things ; or the science which teaches the existence, char-
acter and attributes of God, his laws and government,
the doctrines we are to believe, and the duties we are to
practice.
THE-0M'A-€HIST, n. [Gr. Oeog and fiaxv-] One who
fights against the gods. Bailey.
THE-OM'A-€HY, 71. 1. A fighting against the gods. 2.
Opposition to the divine will.
THE-OP'A-THY, n. [Gr. decs and 7ra0o?.] Religious suf-
fering ; suffering for the purpose of subduing sinful pro
pensities. Q^uaj-t. Review.
THE-OR'BO, n. [It. tiorba ; Fr. tuorbe, or teorbe.] A musi-
cal instrument made like a large lute, except that it has
two necks or juga.
THe'0-REM, 71. [Fr. theoreme ; Sp., It. teorcTna ; Gr.
9£(i)prjjia.] I. In mathematics, a proposition which termi-
nates in theory, and which considers the properties of
things already made or done. — 2. In algebra or analysis,
it is sometimes used to denote a rule, particularly when
that rule is expressed by symbols.
THE-0-RE-MAT'I€, ) a. Pertaining to a theorem ; com-
THE-0-RE-MAT'I-€AL, > prised in a theorem 3 consist-
THE-0-REM'I€, > ing of theorems.
THE-O-RET'ie, ) a. [Gr. deoipvTiKog. See Theory.]
THE-0-RET'I-€AL, ) Pertaining to theory ; depending
on theory or speculation ; speculative ; terminatmg in
theory or speculation ; not practical.
THE-0-RET'I-€AL-LY, adv. In or by theory ; in specu-
lation ; speculatively ; not practically
THe'0-RI€, n. Speculation. Shak.
t THE-OR re, for theoretic. See Theoretic.
THe'O-RIST, n. One who forms theories j one given to
theory and speculation. Addison.
THii'0-RlZE, V. i. To form a theory or theories ; to specu
late.
THe'O-RY, 71. [Fr. theorie ; It. teoria ; L. theoria ; Gr
Oeupia.] 1. Speculation ; a doctrine or scheme of things,
which terminates in speculation or contemplation, with-
out a view to practice. 2. An exposition of the general
principles of any science. 3. The science distinguished
from the art. 4. The philosophical explanation of phe-
nomena, either physical or moral. — Theory is distinguish-
ed from hypothesis thus ; a theory is founded on inferences
drawn from principles which have been established on in-
dependent evidence ; a hypothesis is a proposition assum-
ed to account for certain phenomena, and has no other
evidence of its truth, than that it affords a satisfactory ex-
planation of those phenomena. D. Olmsted.
THE-0-S0PH'I€, } a. Pertaining to Iheosophism or to
THE-0-S0PH'I-€AL, S theosoplfists ; divinely wise.
THE-OS'O-PHiSM, 7j. [Gr. 0fos and o-o^j(r/xa.] Pretension
to divine illumination ; enthusiasm.
THE-OS'O-PIilST, n. One who pretends to divine illumi-
nation ; one who pretends to derive his knowledge from
divine revelation.
THE-OS'O-PIIY, n. 1. Divine wisdom ; godliness. Ed. En-
cyc. 2. Knowledge of God. Good.
THER-A-PEu'TI€, a. [Gr. Oepa-nevriKos.] Curative 5 that
pertains to the healing art. Watts.
THER-A-PEU'TI€S, n. 1. That part of medicine which
respects the discovery and application of remedies for dis-
eases. 2. A religious sect described foy Philo. They were
devotees to religion.
THERE, adv. [Sax. thmr ; Goth, thar ; D. daar ,• Sw. dai- ,
Dan. der.] 1. In that place. 2. It is sometimes opposed
• to here ; there denoting the place most distant.— 3. Here
and there, in one place and another. 4. It is som.etimes
used by way of exclamation, calling the attention to some-
thing distant. — 5. There is used to begin sentences, or be-
fore a verb ; sometimes perthiently, and sometimes with-
out signification ; but its use is so firmly established that
it cannot be dispensed with.— 6. In composition, there has
the sense of a pronoun, as in Saxon; as, thereby, which
signifies by that.
THERE-A-BOUT', \ adv. [there and about.] 1. Near
THERE-A-BOUTS', ] that place. Shak. 2. Nearly ;
near that number, degree or quantity. 3. Concerning
that ; [I. u.]
THERE-AF'TER, adv. [there and after.] 1- According to
that ; accordingly. 2. After that.
* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, -?, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARtNE, BtRD-;— t Obsolete
THl
835
THI
THERIi-A'l', adv. [there ani at.] 1. At tbat place. 2 At
that ; at that thing or event ; on that account.
THERE-BY', adv. [there and Mj.] By that ; by that means 3
in consequence of that.
THERE-FOR', adv. [there and for.] For that or this, or it.
*THERE'FORE, (ther (ore) adv. [there and for.] 1. For
that ; for that or this reason, referring to something previ-
ously stated. 2. Consequently. 3. In return or recom-
pense for this or that.
THERE-FROM', adv. [there and from.] From this or that.
THERE-TN', adv. [there and in.] In that or this place, time
or thing.
THERE-IN-TO', adv. [there and into.l Into that. Bacon.
TIIERE-OF', adv. [there and of.] Of tliat or this.
THERE-OX', adv. [there and on.] On that or this.
fHERE-OUT', adv. [there and out.] Out of that or this.
THERE-TC5', or THERE-UN-Tc3', adv [there and to or un-
to.] To that or this.
THERE-Ux\'DER, adv. Under that or this.
THERE-UP-ON', adv. [there and upon.] 1. Upon that or
this. 2. In consequence of that. 3. Immediately.
t THERE-WHILE', adv. At the same time.
THERE-WITH', adv. [there and with.] With tliat or this.
t THERE WITH-AL', adv. [there and withal.] 1. Over
and above. 2. At the same time. 3. With that,
"" The foregoing compounds 0/ there icith the prepositions, are,
for the most part, deemed ineleo-ant and obsolete.]
tTHERF'-BREAD, (therf'bred) n. [Sax. th<Erf, theorf.]
Unleavened bread. Wicliffe.
THe'RI-A€, n. [li. theriaca ; Gr.drjpLan].] j9nciently, used
for a remedj^ against poison ; aftm-wards, for a kind of trea-
cle.
THE'RI-A€, ) a. Pertaining totheriac; medicinal. Ba-
THE-RI'A-€AL, \ con.
THER'MAL, a. [L. thermce.] Pertaining to heat ; warm.
THER'MO-LAMP, n. [Gr. QsofJiOi, and lamp.] An instru-
ment for furnishing light by means of inflammable gas.
THER-MOME-TER, n. [Gr. Bepiios and /xerpov.] An in-
strument for measairing heat.
THER-MO-MET'RI-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a thermome-
ter. 2. Made by a thermometer.
THER-MO-METRI-CAL-LY, adv. By means of a ther-
mometer.
THER'MO-S€OPE, n. [Gr. Bipiiv and cKor.eu).] An instru-
ment showing the temperature of the air, or the degree of
heat and cold.
THESE, pron. ; plu. of this, and used as an adjective or
substitute. These is opposed to those, as this is to that,
and when two persons or things, or collection of things, are
named, these refers to the ti&ings or persons which are
nearest in place or order, or which are last mentioned.
THe'SIS, n. [L. thesis ; Gr. deai?.] 1. A position or prop-
osition which a person advances and offers to maintain,
or which is actually maintained by argument ; a theme ;
a subject. — 2. In log-ic, every proposition may be divided
into thesis and hypothesis. Thesis contains the thing af-
firmed or denied"^, and hypothesis the conditions of the af-
firmation or negation.
THES'MO-THeTE, n. [Gr. 6£(Tuo9£TT]g.] A lawgiver.
THET'I-€AL, a. [Gr. Oetikos.] Laid down. More.
THE-UR'6ie, } a. Pertaining to the power of perform-
THE-UR'GI-€AL, ) ing supernatural things.
THe'UR-GIST, n. One who pretends to or is addicted to
theurgy. Hallywell.
THe'UR-GY, 71. [Gr. dzovpyia.] The art of doing things
which it is the peculiar province of God to do 3 or the
power or act of performing supernatural things by invok-
ing the names of God or of subordinate agents ; magic.
jTHEW, n. [Sax. theaic ^ Gr. eQog.] 1. Manner; cus-
tom; habit; form of behavior. Spenser. 2. Brawn. Shak.
t THEWED, a. Accustomed ; educated. Spenser.
THEY, pron. plu.; objective case, them. [Sax. thmge ; Goth.
thai, thaim.] 1. The men, the women, the animals, the
things. It is never used adjectively, but always as a pro-
noun refen-in| to persons, or as a substitute referring to
things. 2. It is used indefinitely, as our ancestors used
man, and as the French use on. They say, [on dit,] that
isj it is said by persons, indefinitely.
THi'BLE, ft. A slice ; a skimmer; a spatula. [JVoi in use,
or local.] Ainsworth.
THICK, a. [Sax. tide, thicca ; G. dick, dicht : D. dik, digt.]
1. Dense ; not thin. 2. Inspissated. 3. Turbid ; mud-
dy ; feculent ; not clear. 4. Noting the diameter of a
body. 5. Having more depth or extent from one surface
to its opposite than usual. 6. Close ; crowded with trees
or other objects. 7. Frequent ; following each other in
quick succession 8. Set with things close to each other ;
not easily pervious. 9. Not having due distinction of
syllables or good articulation, 10. Dull ; somewhat deaf.
THICK, n. 1. The thickest part, or the time when any
thing is thickest. 2. A thicket ; [obs.]— Thick and thin,
Whatever is in the way.
THICK, adv. 1, Frequently; fast. 2. Closely. 3. lo
a great depth, or to a thicker depth than usual.— TAici
and threefold, in quick succession, or in great nuin*>ftrs ;
[0*5.]
flHlCK, v.i. To become thick or dense. Spenser.
THICK'EN, (thik'n) v. t. [Sax. thiccian.] 1 To make
thick or dense. 2. To make close ; to fill up interstices.
3. To make concrete ; to inspissate. 4. To strengthen ;
to confirm ; [obs.] 5. To make frequent, or more fre-
quent. 6. To make close, or more close ; to make more
numerous.
THICK'EN, (thik'n) v. i. 1. To become thick or mere thick ;
to become dense. 2. To become darker obscure. 3. To
concrete ; to be consolidated. 4. To be inspissated. 5.
To become close, or more close or numerous. 6, To be
come quick and animated, 7 To become more numer
ous ; to press ; to be crowded.
THICK'ENED, pp. Made dense, or more dense ; made
more close or compact ; made more frequent ; inspis-
sated.
THICK'EN-ING, ppr. Making dense or more dense, more
close or more frequent ; inspissating,
THICK'EN-ING, n. Something put into a liquid or mass to
make it more thick.
THICK'ET, n. A wood or collection of trees or shrubs
CloSClv S6t
THICK'HE AD-ED, a. Having a thick skull ; dull ; stu-
' pid,
THICK'ISH, a. Somewhat thick.
THICK'LY, adv. 1. Deeply ; to a great depth. 2. Closely 3
compactly. 3. In quick succession.
THICK'NESS, n. 1. The state of being thick 3 denseness 3
density. 2. The state of being concrete or inspissated 5
consistence ; spissitude. 3. The extent of a body from
side to side, or from surface to surface. 4. Closeness of
the parts ; the state of being crowded or near. 5. The
state of being close, dense or impervious. 6. Dullnes.s
of the sense of hearing ; want of quickness or acuteness.
THICK-SET, a. [thick and set.] 1. Close-planted. 2.
Having a short, thick body.
THICK'SKULL, n. [thick and sk^ilL] Dullness 3 or a duL
person ; a blockhead. Entickt
THICK'SKULLED, a. Dull 3 heavy 3 stupid 3 slow to
learn.
THICK'SKIN, n. [thick and skin.] A coarse, gross person 5
a blockhead. Entick.
THICK'SPRUNG, a. [thick and sprung.] Sprung up close
together. Entick. Shak.
TIIIeF, 71.,- plu. Thieves (theevz). [Sax. theof; Sw. tiuf;
D. dief] 1. A person guilty of theft 5 one who secretly,
unlawfully and feloniously takes the goods or personal
property of another. 2. One who takes the property of
another wrongfully, either secretly or by violence. Job
XXX. 3. One who" seduces by false doctrine. John x. 4
One who makes it his business to cheat and defraud.
Matt. xxi. 5, An excrescence in the snuff of a candle.
THIeF'-CATCH-ER, 71. One who catches thieves.
THIeF'-LeAD-ER, 7!. [thief and lead.] One who leads or
ta k^s a thjef. [Mot much used.]
THIeF'-TaK-ER, 71. One whose business is to find and
tak^ thieves and bring them to justice.
THIeVE, v. i. To steal ; to practice theft.
THIeV'ER-Y, n. 1. The practice of stealing ; theft. South
2. That which is stolen. Shak.
THIEVISH, a. 1. Given to stealing ; addicted to the prac-
tice of theft. 2. Secret ; sly ; acting by stealth. 3. Par-
takjng of the nature of theft.
THIeY'ISH-LY, adv. In a thievish manner; by theft.
THIeV'ISH-NESS, n. 1. The disposition to steal. 2. The
practice or habit of stealing.
THiGH, (till) n. [Sax.thegh, thco,ortheoh; D. dye.] Thatpart
of men , quadrupeds and fowls, which is between the leg
and the trunk.
fTHILK, p?-07!. [Sax. thilc] The same. Spenser.
THILL, n. [Sax. thil, or thill.] The shaft of a cart, gig or
other carriage.
THILL'ER, ) n. The horse which goes between the
THILL'-HORSE, \ thills or shafts, and supports them.—
In a team, the last horse.
THIM'BLE, n. 1. A kind of cap or cover for the finger,
usually made of metal, used by tailors and seamstresses
for driving the needle through cloth. — 2. In sea lan-
guage, an iron ring with a hollow or groove round its
whole circumference, to receive the rope which is spliced
about it.
THIME, SeeTHTME,
THIN, a. [Sax, thinn, thynn ; G. dvnn ; D. dun ; Sw, tunn.\
1, Having Ifttle thickness or extent from one surface to
the opposite, 2. Rare ; not dense ; applied to fluids or tc
soft mittures. 3. Not close ; not crowded ; not filling the
space ; not having the individuals that compose the thing
in a close or compact state. 4. Not full or well grown 5.
Slim ; small ; slender ; lean. 6. Exile ; small; line . not
full. 7. Not thick or close; of a loose texture not iro-
See Syncqms MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J 3 S as Z 5 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. \ Obsolete
Tin
836
THO
pervious to the sight. 8. Not crowded or well-stocked ;
not abounding. 9. Slight 5 not sufficient for a covering.
THIN, adv. Not thickly or closely ; in a scattered state.
THIN, V. t. [Sax. thinnian.] 1. To make thin ; to make
rare or less thick ; to attenuate 2. To make less close,
crowded or numerous. 3. To attenuate ; to rarefy ; to
make less dense
THINE, pronominal adj. [Goth, theins, theiva j Sax. tJiin ;
G. dein ; Fr tien.] Thy ; belonging to thee ; relating to
thee ; being the property of thee. The principal use of
thine, now, is when a verb is interposed between this word
and the noun to which it refers ; as, I will not take any
thing that is timie.
THING, n ^Sax. thing ; G. ding ; D. di7ig ; Sw. ting ; Dan.
ting. ] I An event or action ; that which happens or
falls out, or that which is done, told or proposed. 2. Any
substance ; that which is created ; any particular article
or commodity. 3. An animal. 4. A portion or part ;
something. 5. In contempt. 6. Used of persons in con-
tempt. 7. Used in a sense of honor.
THINK, •J7. i.; pret. and pp. thought, (thawt). [Sax.thincan,
th,incan ; Goth, thagkyan ; Sw. tycka and tmnka ; Dan.
tykker and tanker ; D. denken.] 1. To have the mind oc-
cupied on some subject ; to have ideas, or to revolve ideas
in the mind. 2. To judge ; to conclude ; to hold as a set-
tled opinion. 3. To intend. 4. To imagine ; to suppose ;
to fancy. 5. To muse ; to meditate. 6. To reflect ; to
recollect or call to mind. 7. To consider ; to deliberate.
8. To presume. 9. To believe ; to esteem. — To think on,
otwpon. 1. To muse on; to meditate on. 2. To light
on by meditation. 3. To remember with favor. — To think
of, to have ideas come into the mind. — To think well of,
to hold in esteem ; to esteem.
THINK, V. t. 1. To conceive ; to imagine. 2. To believe ;
to consider ; to esteem. 3. To seem or appear, as in the
phrases me thinketk or methinks, and methought, — To
think much, to grudge. — To think much of, to hold in high
esteem. — To think scorn, to disdain. Esth. iii.'
THINK ER, n. One v/ho tliinks ; but chiefly, one who
thinks in a particular manner. Sioift.
THINK'ING, ppr. 1. Having ideas ; supposing ; judging ;
imagining ; intending ; meditating. 2. a. Having the
faculty of thought ; cogitative ; capable of a regular train
of ideas.
THINK'ING, n. Imagination; cogitation ; judgment.
THIN'LY, adv. [from thin.'] In a loose, scattered manner ;
not thickly.
THIN'NESS, n. 1, The state of being thin ; smallness of
extent from one side or surface to the opposite. 2. Tenu-
ity ; rareness. 3. A state approaching to fluidity, or even
fluidity ; opposed to s pis aitude. 4. Exility. 5. Hareness ;
a scattered state ; paucity.
THIRD, a. [Sax. thridda ; Goth, thridya ; G. dritte ,- D.
derde.\ The first after the second ; the ordinal of tliree.
THIRD, n. 1. The third part of any thing. 2. The six-
tieth part of a second of time. — 3. In music, an interval
containing three diatonic sounds.
THiRD'BoR-OUGH, (thurd'bur-ro) n. [third and borough.]
An under constable. Johnson.
THiRD'INGS, n. The third year of the corn or grain grow-
ing on the ground at the tenant's death, due to the lord
for a heriot, within the manor of Turfat, in Hereford-
shire.
THiRD'LY, adv. In the third place. Bacon.
THIRDS, n. plu. The third part of the estate of a deceased
husband, which by law the widow is entitled to enjoy
during her life. JSTew England.
THiRL, V. t. [Sax. thlrlian.] To bore ; to perforate. It is
now written drill arid thrill. [See these words.]
THiRL'A6E, 71. In English customs, the right which the
owner of a mill possesses, by contract or law, to compel
the tenants of a certain district to bring all their grain to
his mill for grinding.
THIRST, 71. [Sax. thurst, thyrst: G durst ; D. dmst; Sw.
torst ; Dan. tHrst.] 1. A painful sensation of the throat or
fauces, occasioned by the want of drink. 2. A vehement
desire of drink. Ps. civ. 3. A want and eage? desire
after any thing. 4. Dryness ; drought.
THIRST, V. i. [Sax. thyrstan ; D, dorsten ; G. dursten ; Sw.
torsta . Dan torster.j 1. To experience a painful sensa-
tion of the throat or fauces for want of drink. 2. To have
a vehement desire for any thing.
THIRST, V. t. To want to drink ; as, to thirst blood. [JVot
English.] 'Prior.
THiRST'I-NESS, n. [from thirsty.] The state of being
thi'uty; thirst. Wotton.
THiRST'ING, iJipr. Feeling pain for want of drink.
THiRST'Y, a. 1. Feeling a painful sensation of the throat
or fauces for want of drink. 2. Very dry ; having no
moisture ; parched. 3. Having a vehement desire of any
thing.
THiR'TEEN, a. [Sax. thrcottyne ; three and ten.] Ten and
three.
THIR'TEENTH, a The third after the tenth ; the ordinal
of thirteen.
THiR'TEENTH, n. In music, an interval forming the oc-
tave of the sixth, or sixth of the octave. Busby.
THiR'TI-ETH, a. [from thiHy ; Sax. ihrittigotha.] The
tenth threefold ; the ordinal of thirty.
THiR'TY, a. [Sax. thrittig ; G. dreissig ; D. dertig.] Thrice
ten ; or twenty and ten.
THIS, definitive adjective or substitute : plu. These. [Sax.
this ; Dan. plu. disse ; Sw. dessa, desse ; G. das, dessen ;
D. deeze, dit.] 1. This is a definitive, or definitive adjec-
tive, denoting something that is present or near in place
or time, or something just mentioned. — 2. By this, is used
elliptically for by this time. — 3. This is used with words
denoting time past ; as, I have taken no snuff for this
month. — 4. This is opposed to that. 5. When this and
that refer to different things before expressed, this refers
to the thing last mentioned, and that to the thing first
mentioned. 6. It is sometimes opposed to other.
THIS'TLE, (this'l) n. [Sax. thistel; G., D. distel ; Sw. tis
tel.] The common name of numerous prickly plants of
the class syngenesia, and several genera.
THIS'TLY, (this*ly) a. Overgrown with thistles.
THITHER, c<Zy. [^idiX. thider, thyder.] ]. To that place ;
opposed to hither. 2. To that end or point. — Hither and
thither, to this place and to that ; one way and another.
t THITH'ER-TO, adv. To that end ; so far.
THITH'ER-WARD, adv. Toward that place.
THO. 1. A contraction of tAo?tg-A. [See Though.] 2. Tho,
for Sax. tkonne, then ; [obs.] Spenser.
THOLE,?*. [Sax. thai; Ir., Gaelic, dula.] 1. A pin inserted
into the gunwale of a boat, to keep the oar in the row-
lock, when used in rowing. 2. The pin or handle of a
sythe-snath.
t THOLE, v. t. [Sax. tholian ; Goth, thulan ; G., D. dulden.]
To bear ; to endure ; to undergo. Oower. ,
THOLE, V. i. To wait. [Local.]
THOLE, n. [L. tholus.] The roof of a temple. [JSTot used,
or local.]
THg'MA-iSM, ) n. The doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas
THo'MISM, \ with respect to predestination and grace
THo'MIST, 71. A follower of Thomas Aquinas, in opposi
tion to the Scotists.
THOM'SON-ITE, n. A mineral of the zeolite family.
THONG, 72. [Sax. thwang.] A strap of leather, used for
fastening any thing. Dryden.
THO-RAC'I€, a. [L. thorax.] Pertaining to the breast.
THO-RAC'I€S, n. plu. In ichthyology, an order of bonj
fishes, respiring by means of gills only.
THo'RAL, a. [L. thorus.] Pertaining to a bed.
THo'RAX, n. [L.] In anatomy, that part of the human
skeleton which consists of the bones of the chest ; also,
the cavity of the chest. Cyc.
THO-Rl'NA, n. An earth resembling zirconia
THORN, n. [Sax. thorn ; G. dorn ; D. doom ; Dan. torne J
1. A tree or shrub armed with spines or sharp ligneous
shoots. 2. A sharp, ligneous or woody shoot from the
stem of a tree or shrub ; a sharp process from the woody
part of a plant ; a spine. 3. Any thing troublesome. — 4.
In Scripture, great difficulties and impediments. 5. World-
ly cares ; things which prevent the growth of good prin-
ciples. Matt. xiu.
THORN'-AP-PLE, n. [thorn and apple.] A plant of the
genus datura ; a popular name of the datura stramonium,
or apple of Peru. Bigelow.
TKOE.N'-BA€K, n. [thorn and back.] A fish of the ray
kind, which has prickles on its back.
THORN'-BUSH, n. A shrub that produces thorns.
THORN'-BtJT, 7!. A fish, a but or turbot. Mnsworth.
THORN'-HEDGE, n. [thorn and hedge.] A hedge or fence
consisting of thorn.
THORN'LESS, a. Destitute of thorns.
THORN'Y, a. 1. Full of thorns or spines ; rough with
thorns. 2. Troublesome ; vexatious ; harassing ; perplex-
ing. 3. Sharp ; pricking ; vexatious.
THORN'Y REST'HAR-ROW, n. A plant. Cyc.
TH0RN'Y-TR3i:'F0IL, 71. A plant of the genus fagonia
THoR'OUGH, (thur'ro) a. [Sax. thurh ; G. durch ; D. door _
]. Literally, -passing through or to the end; hence, com"
plete ; perfect. 2. Passing through.
t THoR'OUGH, (thur'ro) prep. 1. From side to side, or from
end to end. 2. By means of; see Through.
THoR'OUGH, (thur'ro) n. An inter-furrow between two
ridges. Cyc.
TH6R'0UGH-BASE, (thur'ro-base) n. In music, an accom-
paniment to a continued base by figures.
THoR'OUGH-BRED, (thur'ro-bred) a. [thorough and bred.]
Completely taught or accomplished.
THOR'OUGH-FARE, (thur'ro-fare) ti. [thorough anA fare.]
1. A passage through ; a passage from one street or open-
ing to another ; an unobstructed way. 2. Power of pass-
ing. Milton.
TH6R'0UGa-LY, (thur'ro-ly) adv. Fully; entirely; com-
pletely.
See Synovsis. A. E, t, O, U, Y, long.—Fk^, FALL, WHAT ;— FRgY ;— HN, fllABINE, BIRD j- t OMr.lf*
THR
837
THR
rHoROUGH-FACED, (thur'ro-p5st) a. [thorough and
paced.] Perfect in what is undertaken j complete ; going
all lengths.
THOR'OUGH-SPED, (thur'ro-sped) a. [thorough and sped.}
Fully accomplished ; thorough-paced. Swift.
THoR'OUGH-STITCil, (thur'ro-stich) adv. Fully ; com-
pletely ; going the whole length of any business.
TH6R'OUGH-WAX, (thur'ro-wax) n. [thorough and wax.]
A plant of the genus hitpleiLrum. Lee.
THoR'OUGII-WoRT, (thur ro-wurt) n. The popular name
of a plant, the eupatoritim perfoUatum.
THORP. [Sax. thorpe ; D. dorp ; G. dorf ; Sw., Dan. torp ;
W. trev ; Gaelic, Ir. treabh ; L. tribus.] The word, in
Welsh, signifies a dwelling-place, a homestead, a hamlet,
a town. In our language, it occurs now only in names of
places and persons.
THOS, 71. An animal of the wolf kind Cijc.
THOSE, pron ; plu. of That ; as, those men. See These.
THOU, pron. ; in the obj. thee. [Sax. thu ; G., Sw., Dan. da ;
L., Fr., It., Sp., Port, tu.]. The second personal pronoun,
in the singular number j the pronoun which is used in
addressing persons in the solemn style. — Thou, is used
only in the solemn style, unless in very familiar language,
and by the Cluakers.
THOU, V. t. To treat with familiarity. Shak.
THOU, V. i. To use thou and thee in discourse.
THOUGH, (tho) V. i. [Sax. theah ; Goth, thanh ; G. doch ;
Sw. dock ; D., Bmn-d^og. This is the imperative of a verb ;
commonly, but not correctly, classed among conjunctions.]
1. Grant J admit ; allow. 2 Used with as. 3. It is used
in familiar language, at the end of a sentence. 4. It is
compounded with all, in although, which see.
THOUGHT, ;wet. axi&pp. of think; pronounced thaict.
THOUGHT, (thawt) n. [primarily the passive participle of
think; Sax. theaht.] 1. Properly, that which the mind
thinks. Thought is either thn act or operation of the
mind, when attending to a particular subject or thing,
or it is the idea consequent on that operation. 2. Idea;
conception. 3. Fancy; conceit; something framed by
the imagination. 4. Reflection ; particular consideration.
5. Opinion : judgment. 6. Meditation ; serious consider-
ation. 7. Design ; purpose. 8. Silent contemplation. 9.
Solicitude ; care ; concern. 10. Inward reasoning ; the
workings of conscience. 11. A small degree or quanti-
ty; [obs.] — To take thought, to be solicitous or anxious.
Matt. vi.
THOUGHT'FIJL, (thawt'ful) a. 1. Full of thought; con-
templative ; employed in meditation. 2. Attentive ; care-
ful ; having the mind directed to an object. 3. Promoting
serious thought ; favorable to musing or meditation. 4.
Anxious ; solicitous.
THOUGHT'FUL-LY, ado. With thought or consideration ;
with solicitude.
THOUGHT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Deep meditation. 2. Seri-
ous attention to spiritual concerns. 3. Anxiety ; sohci-
tude.
THOUGHT'LESS, a. 1. Heedless ; careless ; negligent.
2. Gay ; dissipated. 3. Stupid ; dull.
THOUGHT'LESS-LY, adv. Without thought ; carelessly ;
stupidly. Garth.
THOUGHT'LESS-NESS, n. Want of thought ; heedless-
ness ; carelessness ; inattentien.
THOUGHT'SICK, a. Uneasy with reflection.
THOU'SAND, a. [Sax. thusend ; Goth, thusund ; G. tau-
send.] 1. Denoting the number of ten hundred. — 2. Pro-
verbially, denoting a great number indefinitely.
THOU'SAND, n. The number often hundred.
THOU'SANDTH, a. The ordinal of thousand.
THOU'SANDTH, n. The thousandth part of any thing.
THoWL. See Thole.
+ THRAGK, V. t. To load or burden. South.
THRALL, n. [Sax. thrall; I>a.n. trail ; Sw. tral.] 1. A
slave. 2. Slavery ; [obs.]
t THRALL, ?'. (. To enslave. [Enthrall is in use.]
THRALL'DOM, n. [Dan. traUom.] Slavery ; bondage ; a
state of servitude.
THRAP'PLE, n. The windpipe of an animal. [J^ot an
English word.] Scott.
THRASH, V. t. [Sax. tkarscan, or therscan ; G. dreschen ,
Ti.dcrschen. It is wxiXXen thrash ov thresh.] 1. To beat
out grain from the husk or pericarp with a flail. 2. To
beat corn off" from the cob or spike. 3. To beat soundly
with a stick or whip ; to drub.
THRASH, V. i. 1. To practice thrashing; to perform the
business of thrashing. 2. To labor ; to drudge.
THRASHED, pp. 1 . ^Beaten out of the husk or off the ear.
2. Freed from the grain by beating.
THRASH'ER, n. One who thrashes grain.
THRASHING, ppr. Beating out of the husk or off the ear ;
beating soundly with a stick or whip.
THRASH'ING, n. The act of beating out grain with a flail ;
a sound drubbing.
THRASH'ING-FLoOR, n. [thrash and floor.] A floor or
area on which grain is beaten out.
THRA-SON'I-€AL, a. [from Thrasc] 1. Boasting ; given
to bragging. 2. Boastful; implying ostentatious dis-
play.
THRA-SON'I-€AL-LY, a<Zw. Boastfully. Johnson
t THRAVE, n. [Sax. draf.] A drove ; a herd.
t THRAVE, n. [W. dreva.] The number of two dozen.
THREAD, ) n. [Sax. thred, thrced ; J), draad.] 1. Avery
THRED, ) small twist of flax, wool, cotton, sflk or other
fibrous substance, drawn out to a considerable length. 2.
The filament of a flower. 3. The filament of any fibrous
substance, as of bark. 4. A fine filament or line of gold
or silver. — 5. Air-threads, the fine white filaments which
are seen floating in the air in summer, the production of
spiders. 6. Something continued in a long course or ten-
or. 7. The prominent spiral part of a screw.
THREAD, (thred) v. t. 1. To pass a thread through the
eye ; as, to thread a needle. 2. To pass or pierce through,
as a narrow way or channel.
THREAD BARE, a. [thread and bare.] 1. Worn to the
naked thread ; having the nap worn off. 2. Worn out ;
trite ; hackneyed ; used till it has lost its novelty or in-
terest.
THREAD'BARE-NESS, n. The state of being threadbare
or trite.
THREAD' EN, a. Made of thread. [Little used.]
THREAD'-SHaPED, a. In botany, filiform.
THREAD'Y, a. 1. Like thread or filaments ; slende .
Granger. 2. Containing thread.
THRKx^P, v. t. [Sax. threaplan, or rather threagan.] To
chide, contend or argue. [Local.] Ainsworth.
THREAT, (thret) n. [Sax. threat.] A menace ; denuncia-
tion of ill ; declaration of an intention or determination to
inflict punishment, loss or pain on another.
THREAT, (thret) v. t. To threaten, which see.— Threat is
used only in poetry. Dry den.
THREAT'EN, (thret'tn) v. t. [Sax. threatian; D. dreigen
G.droher..] 1. To declare the purpose of inflicting pun
ishment, pain or other evil on another, for some sin or of-
fense ; to menace. 2. To menace ; to terrify or attempt
to terrify by menaces. 3. To charge or enjoin with men-
ace or v/ith implied rebuke ; or to charge strictly. 4. To
menace by action ; to present the appearance of coming
evil. 5. To exhibit tlie appearance of something evil or
unpleasant approaching.
THREAT'EP^^ED, (thvet'tnd) pv. Menaced with evil.
I'HREAT'EN-ER, (thret'tn-er) 71. One that threatens.
THREAT'EN-ING, (thret'tn-ing) ppr. 1. Menacing; de
nouncing evil. 2. a. Indicating a threat or menace. 3
Indicating something impending.
THREAT'EN-ING, m. The act of menacing ; a menace ; a
denunciation of evil, or declaration of a purpose to inflict
evil on a person or country, usually for sins and offenses.
THREAT'EN-ING-LY, (thret'tn-iug-ly) adv. With a threat
or menace ; in a threatening manner.
THREAT'FUL, (thret'ful) a. Full of threats; having a
menacing appearance ; minacious. Spenser.
THREE, a. [Sax. threo, thri, tiiry, and thrig ; Sw., Dan.
tre ; G. drei ; D. drle ; Fr. trois ; It. tre ; Sp., L. tres.] 1.
Two and one. 2. It is often used, like other adjectives,
without the noun to which it refers. — 3. Proverbially, a
smah number ; [obs.]
THREE'-€AP-SUI.ED, a. Tricapsular.
THREE'-CELLED, a. Trilocular.
THREE'-€LEFT, n. Trifid.
THREE'-€OR-NERED, a. [three and corner.] 1. Having
three corners or angles. — 2. Inbotavy, having three sides,
or three prominent longitudinal angles, as a stem.
THREE'-FLOW-ERED, a. [three and flower.] Bearing
three flowers together. Martyn
THREE'FoLD, a. [three &nA fold.] Three-double ; consist-
ing of three.
THREE'-GRaINED, a. Tricoccous.
THREE'-LEAVED,a. [three a.nA leaf.] Consisting of thiee
distinct leaflets.
THREE'-LoBED, a. [three and lobe.] A three-lobed leaf is
one that is divided to the middle into three parts, standing
wide from each other and having convex margins.
THREE'-NERVED, a. [three and nerve.] A three-nerved
Zeo/ has three distinct vessels or nerves running longitu-
dinally without branching.
THREE'-PaRT-ED, a. [three and parted.] Tripartite.
* THREE'-PENCE, (thrip'ence) n. [three and pence ] A
small silver coin of three times the value of a penny.
* THREE'-PEN-NY, (thrip'en-ny) a. Worth three-pence
only ; mean.
THREE'-PET-ALED, a. [three and petal.] Tripetalous ,
consisting of three distinct petals ; as a corol.
THREE'-P'ILE, n. [three and pile.] An old name for good
velvet. Shak.
t THREE'-PiLED, a. Set with a thick pile. Shak.
THREE'-POINT-ED, a. Tricuspidate.
THREE'SCORE, a. Thrif>; twentv ; sixty.
THREE'-SEED-ED, a. Contaming three seeds.
THEEE'-SlD-ED, a. Having three plane sides.
* Sf,e Sunopsui. M "^VE , BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as A ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this, t Obsolete
THR
838
THR
THREiU'-VALVED, a. Trivalvular ; consisting of three
valves ; opening witli three valves.
t THRENE, n. [Gr. d^nvog.] Lamentation, Shak.
THREN'0-DY, n. [Gr. 0p?yvoff and w^??.] A song of lamen-
tation. Herbert.
THRESH, ■«.{. To thrash, [See Thrash.] The latter is the
popular pronunciation, but the word is written thrash or
thresh, indifferently.
THRESH'ER, 71. The sea-f^x. Cyc.
THRESH'OLD, ) n. [Sax. thmrsctoald ; G. thiirschwelle.]
THRESH'HoLD, ] 1. The door-sill ; the plank, stone or
piece of timber which lies at the bottom or under a door,
particularly of a dwelling-house, churchj temple or the
like ; hence, entrance 5 gate ; door, 2. Entrance ; tlie
place or point of entering or beginning
THREW, pret. of throw.
THRICE, adv. [from three.'] 1. Three times. 2. Some-
times used by way of amplification ; very.
THRID, V. t. [W. treiziaw.] To slide through a narrow
passage ; to slip, shoo* or run through, as a needle, bod-
kin, or the like.
t THRID, n. Thread. Spenser.
THRIBiBEB, pp. Slid through
THRID'DING, ppr. Sliding through ; causing to pass
through.
THRIFT, 71. [from thrive.] 1. Frugality ; good husbandry ;
economical management in regard to property. 2. Pros-
perity ; success and advance in the acquisition of proper-
ty 5 increase of worldly goods; gain. 3. Vigorous growth,
as of a plant. — 4. In botany, a plan of the genus statice.
THRIFTT LY, adv. 1. Frugally ; with parsimony. 2.
With increase of worldly goods.
THRIFTT-NESS, n. 1. Frugality ; good husbandry. 2.
Prosperity in business ; increase of property.
THRIFT'LESS, a. Having no frugality or good manage-
ment ; profuse ; extravagant ; not thriving. Shak.
THRIFT'Y, a. 1. Frugal ; sparing ; Using economy and
good management of property. — 2. More generally, thriv-
ing by industry and frugality ; prosperous in the acquisi-
tion of worldly goods ; increasing in wealth. 3. Thriv-
ing ; growing rapidly or vigorously, as a plant. 4. Well
husbanded.
THRILL, n. [see the i)er6.] 1. A drill. 2. A warbling;
[see Trill.] 3. A breathing place or hole. Herbert.
THRILL, V. t. [Sax. thyrlian, thirlian; D. drillen, trillen ;
G. drillen.] 1. To bore ; to drill ; to perforate by turning
a gimblet or other similar instrument. 2. To pierce ; to
penetrate, as something sharp.
THRILL, V. i. 1. To pierce ; to penetrate, as something
sharp ; particularly, to cause a tingling sensation that
runs through the system with a slight shivering. 2. To
feel a sharp, shivering sensation running through the
body.
THRILLED, pp. Penetrated ; pierced.
THRILL'ING, ppr. 1 . Perforating ; drilling. 2. Piercing ;
penetrating ; having the quality of penetrating. 3. Feel-
ing a tingling, shivering sensation running through the
system.
t THRING, Vi t. To press, crowd or throng. Chaucer.
THRIS'SA, n. A fish of the herring kind.
THRIVE, V. i. ; pret. thrioed ; pp. thrived, or thriven. [Dan.
trives ; Sw. trifvas.] 1. To prosper by industry, economy
and good management of property ; to increase in goods
and estate. 2. To prosper in any business ; to have in-
crease or success. 3. To grow ; to increase in bulk or
stature ; to flourish. 4. To grow ; to advance ; to increase
or advance in any thing valuable.
THRlV'ER, n. One that prospers in the acquisition of
property.
THRIVING, ppr. 1. Prospering in worldly goods. 2. a.
Being prosperous or successful ; advancing in wealth ; in-
creasing ; growing.
'\ 'HRIV'ING-LY, adv. In a prosperous way.
1 ^RlV'ING-NESS, or THRIVING, n. Prosperity ; growth ;
acrease.
THRO, a contraction of through, not now used.
THRoAT, n. [Sax. throta, tJirute ; D. strote.] 1. The an-
terior part of the neck of an animal, in which are the gul-
let and windpipe, or the passages for the food and breath.
— In medicine, the fauces. Cyc. — 2. In seamen's language,
.,iat end of a gafF which is next the raast. — 3. In ship-
building, the inside of tJie knee-timber at the middle or
turns of the arms.
THRoAT, v. t. To mow beans in a direction against their
bending. [Lncal.] Cyc.
THRoAT'-PIPE, n. The windpipe or weasand.
THRoAT'-WoRT, n. [throat and wort.] A plant
THRoAT'Y,ffi. Guttural. Howell.
THROB, V. 2. [Gr. dopv(S£<o.] To beat, as the heart or pulse,
with more than usual lorre or rapidity ; to beat in conse-
quence of agitation ; to p>.lpitate.
THROB, n. A beat or strong pulsation; a violent beating
of the heart and arteries ; a palpitation.
THROB'BING, ppr. Beating with unusual fiirce, as the
heart and pulse ; palpitating.
THROB'BING, n. The act of beating with unusual force,
as the heart and pulse ; palpitation.
THROD'DEN, v. i. To grow ; to thrive. [JYot in use, or lo-
cal.J Grose.
THRoE, 11. [Sax. throwian.] Extreme pain ; violent pang;
anguish ; agony. It is particularly applied to the anguish
of travail in child-birth.
THRoE, V. i. To agonize ; to struggle in extreme pain.
THRoE, V. t. To put in agony. Shak.
THRONE, n. [L. thronus ; Gr. Gpovoj ,• Ft. trone.] 1. A
royal seat ; a chair of state. 2. The seat of a bishop. — 3.
In Scripture, sovereign power and dignity. 4. Angels.
Col. i. 5. The place where God peculiarly manifests his
power and glory.
THRONE, V. t. 1. To place on a royal seat ; to enthrone.
2. To place in an elevated position ; to give an elevated
place to ; to exalt.
THRoNED, pp. Placed on a royal seat, or on an elevated
seat ; exalted.
THRONG, n. [Sax. thrang ; Ir. drong ; G., D. drang.] 1. A
crowd ; a multitude of persons or of living beings pressing
or pressed into a close body or assemblage. 2. A great
multitude.
THRONG, V. i. [Sax. thringan ; D. dringen ; G. drdngen ;
Dan. trcenger.] To crowd together; to press into a close
body, as a muftitude of persons ; to come in multitudes.
THRONG, V. t. To crowd or press, as persons ; to oppress
or annoy with a crowd of living beings.
Thronged, pp. Crowded or pressed by a multitude of
persons.
THRONG'ING, ppr. Crowdmg together ; pressing with a
multitude of persons.
THRONG'JNG, n. The act of crowding together.
t THRONG'LY, adv. In crowds. .More.
THROP'PLE, 71. The windpipe of ahorse. [Local.] Cyc.
THROS'TLE, (thros'i) n. [Sax. throstle.] A bird.
THROS'TLING, 7?. A disease of cattle of the ox kind.
THROT'TLE, n. The windpipe or larynx.
THROT TLE, v. i. 1. To choke ; to suffocate ; or to obstruct
so as to endanger suffocation. 2. To breathe hard, as
when nearly suffocated.
THROT'TLE, v. t. To utter with breaks and interruptions,
as a person half suffocated. Shak.
THROUGH, (thru) prep. [Sax. thurh ; D. door ; G. durch.]
1. From end to end, or from side to side ; from one sur-
face or limit to the opposite. 2. Noting passage. 3. By
transmission, noting the means of conveyance. 4. By
means of; by the agency of; noting instrumentality. 5
Over the whole surface or extent. 6. Noting passage
among or in the midst of.
THROUGH, (thru) adv. 1. From one end or side to the oth-
er. 2. From beginning to end. 3. To the end ; to the^
ultimate purpose. — To carry through, to complete ; to ac-'
coniplish. — To go through. 1. To prosecute a scheme to
the end. 2. To undergo ; to sustain.
THROUGH'-ERED should be thorough-bred.
t THROUGH'-LlGHT-ED should be thorough-lighted.
JTHROUGH'LY, (thru'ly) adv. 1. Completely; fully;
wholly. Bacon. 2. Without reserve; sincerely. Tillot-
son. [For this, thoroughly is now use.d.]
THROUGH-OUT', (thfu-dut') prep, [through and out.]
Q.uite through ; in every part ; from one extremity to the
other.
THROUGH-OUT', tthru-out') adv. In every part.
fTHROUGH'-PACED [See Thorough-paced.] More.
THROVE, old pret. of thrive.
THRoW, v. t. ; pret. threw ,- pp. thrown. [Sax. thrawan.]
1. Properly, to hurl ; to whirl ; to fling or cast in a wind-
ing direction. 2. To fling or cast in any manner ; to pro-
pel ; to send ; to drive to a distance from the hand or from
an engine. 3. To wind. 4. To turn ; [little used.] 5. To
venture at dice. 6. To cast ; to divest or strip one's self
of; to put off. 7. To cast ; to send. 8. To put on ; to
spread carelessly. 9. To overturn ; to prostrate in wrest-
ling. 10. To cast ; to drive by violence.
To throiD away. 1. To lose by neglect or folly ; to spend in
vain. 2. To bestow without a compensation. 3. To re-
ject.— To throiD by, to lay aside or neglect as useless.— To
throio down. 1. To subvert ; to overthrow ; to destroy.
2. To bring down from a high station ; to depress.— To
thro7D in. 1. To inject. 2. To put in ; to deposit with
others ; also, to give up or relinquish. — To throw off. 1
To expel ; to clear from. 2. To reject ; to discard.— To
throw on, to cast on ; to load. — To throw out. 1. To cast
out ; to reject or discard ; to expel. 2. To utter careless-
ly ; to speak. 3. To exert ; to bring forth into act. 4. To
distance ; to leave behind. 5. To exclude ; to reject. —
To throw up. 1. To resign. 2. To resign angrily. 3. To
discharge from the stomach. — To throw one's self down, to
lie down. — To throio one's self on, to resign one's self to
the favor, clemency or sustaining power of another ; to
repose.
* See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, -D, ^, Zon^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;
■(■ Obsolete
TlfU
839
THY
rHRoW, V. i. 1. To perform the act of throwing. 2. To
cast dice. — To throw abcnit, to cast about ; to try expedi-
ents ; [little used.]
THROW, 71. 1. The act of hurling or flinging ; a cast ; a
driving or propelling from the hand or from en engine. 2
A cast of dice ; and the manner in which dice fall when
cast. 3. The distance which a missile is or may be
thrown 5 as, a stone's throio. 4. A stroke j a blow. 5.
Effort ; violent sally. 6. The agony of travail ; [see
Throe.] 7. A turner's lathe ; [local.]
THRoW'ER, n. One that throws ; one that twists or winds
silkj a throwster.
THROWN, pp. of throw. Cast ; hurled ; wound or twisted.
THROWSTER, n. One that twists or winds silk.
THRUM, n. [Ice. thraum ; G. trumm ; D. drom ; Gr.
OpviAjxa-] 1. The ends of v/eavers' threads. 2. Any
coarse yarn. — 3. Thrums, among gard&ners, the thread-
like, internal, bushy parts of flowers ; the stamens.
THRUM, V. i. [D. trom.] To play coarsely on an instru-
ment with the fuii-ers. Dryden,
THRUM, V. t. 1. To weave ; to knot ; to twist 3 to fringe.
— 2. Among seamen, to insert short pieces of rope-yarn or
spun-yarn in a sail or mat.
THRUSH, n. [Sax. drisc ; G. drossel.] 1. A bird, a species
of tardus. 2. [qu. thrust.] An affection of the inflamma-
tory and suppurating kind, in the feet of the horse and
some other animals. — 3. In medicine, [L. apthm,] ulcers in
the mouth and fauces.
THRUST, V. t. ; pret. and pp. thrust. [L. trudo, trusum,
trusito.] 1. To push or drive with force. 2. To drive ;
to force ; to impel.
THRUST, V. i. }. To make a push ; to attack with a point-
ed weapon. 2. To enter by pushing ; to squeeze in. 3.
To intrude. 4. To push forward ; to come with force ; to
press on.
THRUST, 71. 1. A violent push or driving, as with a point-
ed -weapon, or with the hand or foot, or with any instru-
ment ; a word much used in fencing. 2. Attack ; assault.
— Push and shove do not exactly express the sense of
thrust. The two former imply the application of force by
one body already in contact with the body to be impelled.
Thrust, on the contrary, often implies the impulse or ap-
plication offeree by a moving body, a body in motion be-
fore it reaches the body to be impelled.
THRUST'S R, n. One who thrusts or stabs.
THRUST'ING, ppr. Pushing with force ; driving ; impel-
ling ; pressing.
THRUST'ING, n. 1. The act of pushing with force. 2. In
dairies, the act of squeezing curd with the Iiand, to expel
the whey ; [local.] Cyc.
THRUST'INGS, n. In cheese-maJung; the white whey, or
that which is last pressed out of the^curd by the hand, and
of which butter is sometimes made.
THRUST'ING-SGREW, n. A screw for pressing curd in
cheese-making. [Local.]
TtlRUS'TLE, n. The thrush. See Throstle.
THR-J-FAL'LoW, v. t. [thrice and fallow.] To give the
tliird ploughing in summer. Tusser.
THU'LITE, n. A rare mineral, found in Norway.
THUMB, I ,^. . \ n. [Sax, thuma ; Dan. tomme ; Sw.
THUM, \ ^"^»'«i \ tumme.] The short, thick finger
of the human hand, or the corresponding member of other
animals.
THUMB, V. t. 1. To handle awkward'y ; to play with the
fingers. 2. To soil with the fingers.
THUMB, V. i. To play on with the fingers.
THUMB'-BAND, n. [thum and band.] A twist of any thing
as thick as the thumb. Mortimer.
THUMBED, (tbumd) a. Having thumbs.
THUMB'-RING,«. A ring worn on the thumb. Shale.
THUMB'-STALL, 71. [thum and stall.] A kind of thimble
or ferule of iron, horn or leather, with the edges turned
up to receive the thread in making sails. Ciic.
THUM'ER-STONE, «. A mineral, found in Saxony. Cyc.
THUM'MIM, 71. plu. A Hebrew word denoting perfections.
The Urim and Thummim were worn in the breastplate of
tlie high-priest.
THUMP, n. [It. thomho.] A heavy blow given with any
thing th it is thick, as with a club or the fist.
THUMP, V. t. To strike or beat with something thick or
heavy. Shak.
THUMP, V. i. To strike or fall on with a heavy blow.
THUMP'ER, 71. The person or thing that thuinps.
THUMP'ING, ppr. 1. Striking or beating with something
thick or blunt. 2. a. Heavy. 3. Vulgarly, stout ; fat ;
large.
TIIUN'DER, n. [Sax. thunder, thunor ; G. donner ; D. don-
der ; Sw. dander ^ Ba.n. dundr en,] 1. The sound which
follows an explosion of electricity or lightning ; the report
of a discharge of el-^ctrical fluid, that is, of its passage
from one cloud to another, or from a cloud to the earth, or
from the earth to a cloud. 2. Thunder is used for lisrht-
ning, or for a thunderbolt, either originally through igno-
rance, or by way of metaphor, or because the lightning
and thunder are closely united. 3. Any loud noise 4,
Denunciation published.
THUN'DER, V. i. 1. To sound, rattle or roar, as an explo-
sion of electricity. 2. To make a loud noise, particularly
a heavy sound of some continuance. 3. To rattle, or give
a heavy, rattling sound.
THUN'DER, V. t. 1. To emit with noise and terror. 2. To
publish any denunciation or threat.
THUN'DER-BoLT, n. [thunder and bolt.} 1. A shaft of
lightning ; a brilliant stream of the electrical fluid, passing
from one part of the heavens to another, and particularly
from the clouds to the earth. Ps Ixxviii. 2. Figuratively,
a daring or irresistible hero. 3. Fulmination ; ecclesias-
tical denunciation. — 4. In mineralogy, thunder-stone.
Spectator,
THUN'DER-€LAP, n. [thunder and clap,] A burst of
thunder ; sudden report of an explosion of electricity.
THUN'DSR-€LOUD, n. [thunder and cloud.] A cloud that
produces lightning and thunder.
THUN'DER-ER, ti. He that thunders. Dryden.
THUN'DER-HOUSE, n. An instrument for illustrating the
manner in which buildings receive damage by light
ning.
THUN'DER-ING, ppr. Making the noise of an electrical ex-
plosion ; uttering a loud sound.
THUN'DER-ING, n. The report of an electrical explosion ;
thunder. Ex. ix.
THUN'DER-OUS, a. Producing thunder. [£. u.] Milton.
THUN'DER-SHOW-ER, 71. [thunder and shower.] A show
er accompanied with thunder.
THUN'DSR-STONE, 71. A stone, otherwise called brontia
THUN'DER-STORM. n. [thunder and storm.] A storm ac
companied with lightning and thunder.
THUN'DER-STRJKE, v. t. 1. To strike, blast or injure by
lightning. Sidney. 2. To astonish or strike dumb, as with
something terrible ; [little used except in the participle.]
THUN'DER-STRUGK, pp. or a. Astonished; amazed;
struck dumb by something surprising or terrible suddenly
presented to the mind or view.
THUN'NER, n. Thunder. J^orth of England.
|THU'RI-BLE, 71. [L. thuribulum.] A censer ; a pan for in-
cense. Cowel.
THU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. thurifer.] Producing or bearing
frankincense.
THU-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. [L. thus, thuris, and facio.] Tlie
act of fuming with incense ; or the act of burning iii-
THURS'DAY, n. [Dan. Torsdag, that is, Thorns day, the
day consecrated to Thor, the god of thunder, answering
to the Jove of the Greeks and Romans ; L. dies 'Jovls ; It.
Qiovedi ; Sp. Jueves ; Fr. Jeudi. So in G dovnerstag,
D. donderdag, tlmnder-day.] The fifth day of the week.
THUS, adv. [Sax. thus ; D. dus.] 1. In this or that man-
ner ; on this wise. 2. To this degree or extent. 3. In
the phrase thu^ much, it seems to be an adjective, equiv-
alent to this much.
THWACK, V. t. [qu. Sax. thaccian.] To strike with some-
thing flat or heavy ; to bang ; to beat or thrash.
THWACK, n. A heavy blow with something flat or heavy
THWACK'ING, ppr. Striking with a heavy blow.
THWaITE, 71. 1. A fish, a variety of the shad. 2. A plain
parcel of ground, cleared of wood and stumps, inclosed
and converted to tillage ; [local.]
THWART, a. [D. dwars ; Dan. tver, tvert, tvers ; Sw.
tvars, tvart.] Transverse ; being across something else.
THWART, V. t. 1. To cross ; to be, lie or come across the
direction of something. 2. To cross, as a purpose ; to op-
pose ; to contravene ; hence, to frustrate or defeat.
THWART, V. i. To be in opposition, Locke.
THWART, 71. The seat or bench of a boat on which the
rowers sit. Mar. Diet.
THWART'ED, pp. Crossed ; opposed ; frustrated.
THWART'ER, n. A disease in sheep, indicated by shak-
ing, trembling or convulsive motions. Cyc.
THWART'ING, p;)r. Crossing; contravening; defeating.
THWART'ING, 71. The act of crossing or frustrating.
THWART'ING-LY, adv. In a cross direction; in opposi-
tion."
THWART'NESS, n. Untowardness ; perverseness.
THWART'SHIPS, adv. Across the ship. Mar. Diet.
THWITE, v. t. [Sax. thwitan.] To cut or clip Vi^ith a knife
[Local.] Chaucer.
THWIT'TLE, v. t. To whittle. [See Whittle.] Chaucer
*THY, a. [contracted from thine, or from some other de-
rivative of thou.] Thy is the adjective of thou, or a pro-
nominal adjective, signifying of thee, or belonging to thee
like tuus in Latin. It is used in the solemn and grave
style.
THy'iNE wood, a precious wood, mentioned ^eTJ.xviii
THy'ITE, 71. The name of a species of indurated clay.
* THYME, usually pronounced, irregularly, time. n. [Fi.
thym ; L. thymus ; Gr. 0d/ioj.] A plant of the genua
thymus,
* TH^'MY, a. Abounding with thyme ; fragrant.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— BTILL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; « as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
TID
TH^^'ROID, a. [Gr. Qv^tog and a5os,] Resembling a shield ;
applied to one of the cartilages of the larynx.
THYRSE, n. [L, thyrsus ; Gr. Supaof.] In botany, a species
of inflorescence. Martyn.
TH'f-SELF', pron. [thy and self.'j A pronoun used after
thou, to express distinction with emphasis ; as, tAow iA?/-
self Shalt go.
Tl'AR, J n. [Fr. tiare ; L., Sp., It. iiara ; Gr. tia^a.] 1.
* TI-A'RA, ) An ornament or article of dress with which
the ancient Persians covered their heads ; a kind of turban.
2. An ornament worn by the Jewish high-priest. Ex.
xxviii. 3. The pope's triple crown.
TIB'I-AL, a. [L. tibia.'] 1. Pertaining to the large bone of
the le^. Med. Repos. 2. Pertaining to a pipe or flute.
TIB'U-RO, n. A fish of the shark kind.
t TICE, for entice. Beaumont.
TI€K, 71. Credit ; trust ; as, to buy upon ticJc. Locke.
,TI€K, 71. [Fr. tique ; G. zecke.] A little animal that infests
sheep, dogs, goats, cows, &c.
TI€K, n. fD. teek, tijk.] The cover or case of a bed, which
contains the feathers, wool or other material.
TI€K, V. i. 1. To run upon score, 2. To trust.
TICK, ■«. i. [D, tikken.] To beat; to pat; or to make a
small n^ise by beating or otherwise, as a watch.
TI€K-BeAN, n. A small bean employed in feeding horses
and other animals. Cyc.
TI€K'EN, 71. Cloth for bed-ticks or cases for beds.
riCK'ET, n. [Fr. etiquette ; W. tocyn.] 1. A piece of pa-
per or a card, which gives the holder a right of admission
to some place. 2. A piece of paper or writing, acknowl-
edging some debt, or a certificate that something is due to
the holder. 3. A piece of paper bearing some number in
a lottery, which entitles the owner to receive such prize
as may be drawn against that number.
TICK'ET, V. t. To distinguish bv a ticket. Bentlev.
TICKLE, V. t. [dim. of touch.) 1. To touch lightly, and
cause a peculiar, thrilling sensation, which cannot be de-
scribed. 2. To please bv slight gratification.
TICKLE, V. i. To feel titillation. Spenser.
■f TICKLE, a. Tottering ; wavering, or liable to waver and
fall at the slightest touch ; unstable ; easily overthrown.
Shak.
t TICKLE-NESS, n. Unsteadiness. Chaucer.
TICKLER, n. One that tickles or pleases.
TICKLING, ppr. Affecting with titillation.
TICKLING, V. The act of affecting with titillation.
TICKLISH, a. 1. Sensil)le to slight touches ; easily tickled.
2. Tottering ; standing so as to be liable to totter and fall
at the slightest touch ; unfixed ; easily moved or affected.
3. Difficult ; nice; critical. S^vift.
TICKLISH-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being tic-
klish. 2. The state of being tottering or liable to fall. 3.
Criticalness of condition or state.
TI€K'-SEED, 71. A plant of the genus coreopsis.
TICK'TACK, n. A game at tables. Bailetj.
TID, (z. [Sax. tydder.] Tender; soft; nice.
TID'BIT, n. [tid and bit.] A delicate or tender piece.
TTD'DT F )
TID'DER "■ ^' '^^ ^^^ '"'^^'^ tenderness ; to fondle.
TIDE, n. [Sax. tidan, to happen ; tid, time ; G. zeit ; D.
tyd; Sw., Dan. tid.] ]. Time; season; [obs.] Spenser.
2. The flow of the water in the ocean and seas, twice in
a little more than twenty-four hours. 3. Stream ; course ;
current. 4. Favorable course. 5. Violent confluence ;
[obs.] — 6. Among miners, the period of twelve hours. 7.
Current ; flow of blood.
TIDE, V. t. To drive with the stream. Dryden.
TIDE, V. i. To work in or out of a river or harbor by favor
of the tide, and anchor when it becomes adveree; Mar.
Diet.
TiDE'-GATE, n. 1. A gate through which water passes in-
to a basin when the tide flows, and which is shut to retain
the water from flowing back at the ebb. — 2. Among sea-
men, a place whei'e the tide runs with great velocity.
Mar. Diet.
TiDE'-MILL, 71. A mill that is moved by tide-water ; also,
a mill for clearing lands from tide-water.
TlDES'-MAN, 71. An officer who remains on board of a
merchant's ship till the goods are landed, to prevent the
evasion of the duties.
TiDE'-WaIT-ER, 71. An oflScer who watches the landing
of goods, to secure the payment of duties.
TIDE -WAY, n. The channel in which the tide sets.
TlDI-LY, adv. Neatly ; with neat simplicity.
Ti'DI-NESS, n. 1. Neatness without richness or elegance ;
neat simplicity. 2. Neatness.
Ti'DINGS, n. plu. [Sw. tidning ; Dan. tidende.] News ; ad-
vice ; information ; intelligence ; account of what has
taken place, and was not before known.
Ti'DY, a. [from tide, time : Dan., Sw. tidiff.] 1. In its
primary sense, seasonable; favorable; being in proper
time ; as, weather fair and tidy. Tusser. 2. Neat ; dress-
ed with neat simplicity. 3. Neat ; being in good order.
840 TIL
TIE, ) V. t. [Sax. tian, for tigan, to bind ; tig, tige, a tie, a
TyE, \ purse.] 1. To bind ; tp fasten with a band or cora
and knot. 2. To fold and make fast. 3. To knit ; to com-
plicate. 4. To fasten ; to hold ; to unite so as not to he
easily parted. 5 To oblige ; to constrain ; to restrain ; to
confine. — 6. In music, to unite notes by a cross line, or by
a curve line drawn over them.
Tie, n. ]. A knot; fastening. 2. Bond ; obligation, moral
or legal. 3. A knot of hair. Young.
TIED, ; pp. Bound ; fastened with a knot ; confined ; re-
TyED, ) strained j united, as notes.
TIkR, n. [Heb. 1|ta.] A row ; a rank ; particularly when
two or more rows are placed one above another.
* TIERCE, (ters, or teers) n. [Fr. tiers.] 1. A cask whose
content is one third of a pipe, that is, forty gallons ; or, it
may be, the measure. — 2. In Ireland, a weight by which
provisions are sold. — 3. In music, a third. — 4. In gaming,
a sequence of three cards of the same color. 5. A thrust
in fencing.
* TIERCEL, ) n. In falconry, a name given to the
* TIERCE'LET, I) male hawk, as being a tliird part less
than the female. Cyc.
* TIER GET, n. [from tierce.] In poetry, a triplet; three
lines, or three lines rhyming.
TIFF, n. [qu. tipple, tope.] 1. Liquor ; or rather a small
draught of liquor ; [vulgar.] 2. A pet or fit of peevish-
ness. Johnson.
TIFF, V. i. 7'o be in a pet. [Low.] Johnson.
tTIFF, r. <. To dress.
TIF'FA-NY, 71. [According to the Italian and Spanish Dic-
tionaries, this word is to be referred to taffeta.] A species
of gauze or very thin silk.
TIFFE-DE-MER. A species of sea-plant. Cyc.
TIG, 71. A play. See Tag.
TiGE, 71. [Fr.; a stalk.] The shaft of a column from the as-
tragal to the capital. Bailey.
Ti'GER, n. [Fr. tigre ; It. tigro : L. tigris.] A fierce and
rapacious animal of the genus felis.
Ti'GER-FOOT-ED, a. Hastening to devour j furious.
Ti'GEE-ISH; a. Like a tiger.
Ti'GER'S-FOOT, n. A plant of the genus ipomaa.
Ti'GER-SHELL, n. [tiger and shell.] A name given to
Uie red voluta, with large white spots.
TiGH, n. In Kent, a close or inclosure.
TIGHT, (tite) a. [G. dicht ; D., Sw., Dan. digt.] 1. Close ;
compact ; not loose or open ; having the joints so close that
no fluid can enter or escape ; not leaky. 2. Close ; not ad-
mitting much air. 3. Sitting close to the body. 4. Close ;
not having holes or crevices ; not loose. 5. Close ; hard ;
as, a tight bargain ; [in common use in America.] 6. Close ;
parsimonious ; saving; as, a man tight in his dealings ; [in
common use in America.] 7. Closely dressed ; not ragged.
8. Hardy ; adroit.
TiGHT'EN, (ti'tn) v. t. To draw tighter; to straiten; to
niake more close in asiy manner.
t TiGHT'ER, /(. LA ril)bon or string used to draw clothes
closer. 2. a. More tight.
TIGHTLY, adv. I. Closely ; compactly, 2. Neatly ;
adroitly.
TiGHT'NESS, n. 1. Closeness of joints ; compactness ;
straitness. 2. Neatness, as in dress, 3, Parsimoniousness j
closeness in dealing.
Tl'GRESS, n. [from tiger.] The female of the tiger.
Tl'GRISH, a. Resembling a tiger. Sidney.
TIKE, 71. A tick. See Tick.
TIKE, 7i. [Celtic, ^iaA", ii'ac, a ploughman.] L A country-
man or clown. 2. A dog. Shak.
TILE, n. [Sax. tigel ; D. teael, or tichgel.] 1. A plate or
piece of baked clay, used for covering the roofs of build-
ings. — 2, In metallurgy, a small, flat piece of dried earth,
used to cover vessels in which metals are fused. 3. A
piece of baked clay used in drains.
TILE, V. t. ]. To cover with tiles. 2, To cover, as tiles,
TiLE'-EARTH, n. A species of strong, clayey earth; stiff
and stubborn land. [Local.] Cyc.
Tiled, pp. covered with tiles.
TiLE'-ORE, 71. A sul)species of octahedral red copper ore
TiL'ER, n. A man whose occupation is to cover buildings
with tiles. Bacon.
Tiling, ppr. covering with tiles,
TiL'ING, n. 1, A roof covered with tiles, Luke v, 2. Tiles
in general.
TILL, n. A vetch ; a tare. [Local ]
TILL, ) ^ u • r, A
TILL'ER V '*' money-box m a shop ; a drawer.
TILL, prep, or adv. [Sax. til, tille ; Sw., Dan. til.] 1. To
the time or time of. 2. It is used before verbs and senten-
ces in a like sense, denoting to the time specified in the
sentence or clause following ; as, I will wait till you arrive.
TILL, V. t. [Sax. tilian,tiligan.] 1. To labor; to cultivate;
to plough and prepare for seed, and to dress crops. — 2. In
the most general sense, to till may include every species
of husbandry, and this may be its sense in Scripture.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, G, Y, hug.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREYj— HN, MARtNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
TIM
841
TIN
riLli A-BLE, a. Capable of being tilled ; arable ; fit for the
plough. Carew.
TILL'AGE, n. The operation, practice or art of preparing
land for seed, and keeping tne ground free from weeds
which might impede the growth of crops.
TILLED, fp. Cultivated ; prepared for seed and kept clean.
TILL'ER, n. 1. One who tills ; a husbandman ; a cultiva-
tor J a ploughman. 2. The bar or lever employed to turn
tlie rudder of a ship. 3. A small drawer; a till. — 4.
Among farmers , the shoot of a plant, springing from the
root or bottom of the original stalk ; also, the sprout or
young tree that springs from the root or stump. 5. A
young timber tree ; [local.l
TILL'ER, V. i. To put forth new shoots from the root, or
round the bottom of the original stalk.
TILL'ER-ING, ppr. Sending out new shoots round the
bottom of the original stem.
TiLL'ER-ING, rt. The act of sending forth young shoots
from the root or round the bottom of the original stalk.
TILL'ER-ROPE, n. The rope vv^hich forms a communica-
tion between the fore-end of the tiller and the wheel.
TILLING, ppr. Cultivating.
TILL'IiVG, /t. The operation of cultivating land ; culture.
(■ TILL'MAN, n. A man who tills the earth ; a husbandman.
f TILL'Y-FAL-LY, I adv. or a. A word formerly used when
f TILL'Y-VAL-LY, ^ any thing said was rejected as tri-
lling or impertinent.
TILT, n. [Sax. teld ; Dan. telt] 1. A tent ; a covering
over head, Denham. 2. The cloth covering of a cart oif
wagon. 3. The ccver of a boat ; a small canopy or
awning of canvas or other cloth, extended over the stern-
sheets of a boat.
TILT, V. t. To cover with a cloth or awning. Fhilips.
TILT, 72. 1. A thrust. 2, Formerhj, a military exercise on
horseback, in which the combatants attacked each other
with lances ; as tilts and tournaments. 3. A large ham-
mer ; a tilt-ha.mmer, used in iron manufactures. 4. Incli-
nation forward.
TILT, V, t. [Sax. iealtian.] 1. To incline ; to raise one
end, as of a cask, for discharging liquor. 2. To point or
thrust, as a lance. 3. To hammer or forge with a tilt-
hammer or tilt. 4. To cover with a lilt.
TILT, V. i. 1. To run or ride and thrust with a lance ; to
practice the military game or exercise of thrusting at each
other on horseback. 2. To fight with rapiers. 3. To
rush as in combat. 4. To play unsteadily ; to ride, float
and toss. 5. To lean ; to fall, as on one side.
ITLT'-BoAT, n. A boat covered with canvas or other cloth.
TILT'ED, pp. 1. Inclined; made to stoop; covered with
cloth or awning. 2. Hammered ; prepared by beating,
as steel.
TILT'ER, ?i. One who tilts ; one who uses the exercise of
pushing a lance on horseback ; one who fights. ,2. One
who hammers with a tilt.
TILTH, 71. [Sax. tilth.] 1. That which is tilled ; tillage
ground ; [obs.] 2. The state of being tilled or prepared
for a crop.
TILT'-HAM-MER, n. [tilt and hammer.] A heavy ham-
mer, used in iron-works, which is lifted by a wheel,
TILT'ING, ppr. Inclining ; causing to stoop or lean ; using
the game of thrusting with the lance on horseback.
TIM'BAL, 71. A kettle drum.
TIM'BER, 71. [Sax. timber; Sw. timraer.] 1. That sort of
wood which is proper for buildings or for tools, utensils,
furniture, carriages, fences, ships, and the like. 2. The
body or stem of a tree. 3. The materials ; in irony. 4.
A single piece or squared stick of wood for building, or
already framed. — 5. In ships, a timber is a rib or curving
piece of wood, branching outward from the keel in a ver-
tical direction.
TIM'BER, V. t. To furnish with timber. See Timbeeed.
TIM'BER, v.i. 1. To light on a tree; [obs.] UEstrange.
— 2. In falconry, to make a nest. Cyc.
TIM'BERED, Pi?, or a. 1. Furnished with timber.— In the
United States, we say, land is well timbered, when it is
covered with good timber trees. 2. Built ; formed ; con-
trived ; [little used.]
TIM'BER-HEAD, n. In ships, the top end of a timber, rising
above the gunwale, and serving for belaying ropes, &;c ;
otherwise called kevelhead.
TIM'BER-ING, ppr. Furnishing with timber.
TIM'BER-SOW, 71. A worm in wood. Bacon.
TIM'BER-TREE, n. A tree suitable for timber.
TIM'BER-WoRK, n. Work formed of wood.
TIM'BER-YARD, n. [timber and yard.] A yard or place
where timber is deposited.
TIM'BRE, 71. [D. timber.] A crest on a coat of arms.
TIM'BREL,7i. [Sp. tamboril J It. tamburo ; Fr. tambonrin,
tambour.] An instrument of music ; a kind of drum, tabor
or tabret, which has been in use from the highest antiquity,
TIM'BRELED, a. Sung to the sound of the timbrel.
TIM'BU-RlNE, n. See Tambourine.
TIME, 71. [Sax. tim, tima, time ; Dan. time, Sw. timme, an
hour ; L. tempus ; It., Port, tempo ; Sp. tiempo ; Fr. tcrnps.]
1. A particular portion or part of duration, whether past,
present or future. 2. A proper time ; a season. 3. Dura-
tion. 4. A space or measured portion of duration. 5,
Life or duration, in reference to occupation, 6. Age;
a part of duration distinct from other parts ; as, ancient
times. 7. Hour of tavail. 8. Repetition ; repeated per-
formance, or mention with reference to repetition. 9.
Repetition; doubhng; addition of a number to itself; as,
to double cloth four times. 10. Measure of sounds in mu-
sic ; as, common time. 11. The state of things at a partic-
ular period ; as when we say, good times, or bad tiwes. — 12.
In grammar, tense. — In time. 1 In good season ; sufficiently
early. 2. A considerable space of duration ; process or con-
tinuation of duration. — It times, at distinct intervals of
duration. — Time enough, in season ; early enough. Bacon
— To lose time. 1. To delay. 2. To go too slow ; as, a
watch or clock loses time. — Apparent time, in astronomy,
true solar time, regulated by the apparent motions of the
sun. — Mean time, equated time, a mean or average of ap-
parent time. — Siderial time is that which is shown by the
diurnal revolutions of the stars.
TIME, V. t. To adapt to the time or occasion ; to bring,
begin or perform at the proper season or time. 2. To
regulate as to time. 3. To measure, as in music or har-
mony. Shak.
TIMED, pp. Adapted to the season or occasion.
TIME'FUL, a. Seasonable ; timely ; sufficiently early.
TiME'tST, n. 1. In 7?iMsic, a performer who keeps good time
2. One who conforms with the times ; a timeserver ; [obs.]
TiME'-KEEP-ER, 71. [time and keeper.] A clock, watch or
other chronometer.
jTIME'LESS, a. 1. Unseasonable; done at an improper
time. 2. Untimely ; immature ; done or sufliered before
the proper time.
TiME'LESS-LY, at^-j. Unseasonably. Milton.
TiME'LI-NESS, n. Seasonableness ; a being in good time
TiME'LY, a. 1. Seasonable; being in good time; suffi
ciently earlv. 2. Keeping time or measure ; [obs.] Spenser
TlME'LY,_adv. Early ; soon ; in good season. Prior.
TiME'-PIkCE, n. [time and piece.] A clock, watch or
other instrument to measure or show the progress of time ;
a chronometer.
TiME'-PLeAS-ER, n. One who complies with the pre-
vailing opinions, whatever they may be.
TiiME'-SERV-ER, n. One who adapts his opinions and
manners to the times ; one who obsequiously complies
with the ruling power.
TlME'SERV-lNG, a. Obsequiously complying with the
humors of men in power.
TiME'SEB-V-ING, n. An obsequious compliance with the
Jiumors oj men in power.
TiME'-WoRN, a. Impaired by time. Irving.
TIM'ID, a. [Fr. timide ; L. timidus.] Fearful; wanting
courage to meet danger ; timorous ; not bold.
TI-MID'I-TY, n. [Fr. thnidite ; L. timidltas.] Fearfulness;
want of courage or boldness to face danger ; timorousness ;
habitual cowardice.
TIM'ID-LY, adv. In a timid manner ; weakly ; withou
courage,
TIM'LD-NESS, n. Timidity,
Ti'MIST. See Timeist.
TI-MOC'RA-CY, n. [Gr. Tifjr], worth, and /cpaT£w.] Gov-
ernment by men of property, who are possessed of a cer-
tain income.
TIM-O-NEER', n. [Fr. timon ; L. temo.] A helmsman.
TBI'OR-OUS, a. [It. timoroso, from L. timor.] 1. Fearfu.
of danger; timid; destitute of courage. 2. Indicating
fear ; full of scruples.
TIM'OR-OUS-LY, adv. Fearfully; timidly; without bold
ness ; with much fear. Philips.
TIM'OR-OUS-NESS, ??. Fearfulness; timidity. Swift.
t Ti'MOUS, a. [from time.] Early ; timely. Bacon.
t Ti'MOUS-LY, adv. In good season. Ch. Relig. Appeal.
TIN,?!. [Sax ,1). tin; G. zinn; Sw. tenn.] 1. A white
metal, with a slight tinge of yellow. 2. Thin plates of
iron covered with tin.
TIN, V. t. To cover with tin, or overlay with tinfoil
TINCAL n. A mineral. Woodward.
tTINCT^t). «. [L. tingo, tinctus.] To stain or color, to
imbue.'
t TINCT, n. Stain ; color.
TINeT'URE,w. [L. tinctura; Fr. teinture.] 1. The finer
and more volatile parts of a substance, separated by a
menstruum. — 2. In medicine, a spirituous solution of such
of the proximate principles of vegetables and animals as
are soluble in pure alcohol or proof-spirit ; wine or spirits
containing medicinal substances in solution. 3. A tinge
or shade of color. 4. Slight taste superadded to any sub-
stance. 5. Slight quality added to any thing.
TINCT'URE, V. t. 1. To tinge ; to communicate a slight
foreign color to; to impregnate with some extraneous
matter. 2. To imbue the mind ; to communicate a portion
of any thing foreign.
See Synrpsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \Obsolete
TIP
842
TIT
TIN€T'URED, pp. Tinged; slightly impregnated with
something foreign.
TIN€T'UR-ING, pjpr. Tinging 3 imbuing ; impregnating
with a foreign substance,
f TIND, V. t. [Sax. endan, tynan.] To kindle.
TIND'ER, n. /Sax. tyndre.] Something very inflammable
used for kin Uing fire from a spark, as scorched linen.
TINB'ER-BOX, n. A box in which tinder is kept.
TIND'ER-LlKE, a. Like tinder ; very inflammable,
t TINE, V. U [Sax. tynan.} To kindle ; to set on fire.
TINE, V. t. [Sax. tynan ; L. teneo.} To shut or inclose ;
to fill. \_J\rot in use, or local.]
TINE, n. [Sax. tindes ; Ice. tfndr.] 1. The tooth or spike
of a fork ; a prong ; also, the tooth of a harrow or drag.
2. Trouble 3 distress 3 [obs.] Spenser.
t TINE, V. i. [Sax. tynan.] To rage , to smart 5 to fight.
TiNE'MAN, n. Aniientlij, an officer of the forest in Eng-
land, who had the nocturnal care of vert and venison.
Tl'NET, n. [tine, to shut.] In old writers, brush-wood
and thorns for making and repairing hedges.
TINTOIL, 71. [tin, and h. folium, a leaf.] Tin reduced to
a thin leaf.
. TING, n. A sharp sound. See Tingle.
tTING, v. i. To sound or ring.
TINGE, V. t. [L. tingo.] To imbue or impregnate with
something foreign 5 to communicate the qualities of one
substance, in some degree, to another.
TINGE, n. Color 3 dye 3 taste ; or rather a slight degree of
some color, taste, or something foreign, infused into
another substance or mixture, or added to it 3 tincture.
TINGED, pp. Imbued or impregnated with a small portion
of something foreign. _
TING'ENT, a. Having the power to tinge. [L. «,.] Boyle.
TING'ING, ppr. Imbuing or impregnating with something
foreign.
TIN'-GLASS, 71. Bismuth, which see.
TIN'GLE, V. i. [W. tincial, tincian, or tinciaw.} 1. To feel
a kind of thrilling sound. 2. To feel a sharp, thrilling
pain. 3. To have a thrilling sensation, or a sharp, slight,
penetrating sensation.
TIN'GLING, ppr. Having a thrilling sensation.
TIN'GLING, n. A thrilling sensation.
TINK, V. i. [W. tinciaw.'] To make a sharp, shrill noise 3
to tinkle.
TINK'AL, n. Borax in its crude state or unrefined,
TINK'ER, 71. [VV. tinceri.] A mender of brass kettles,
pans and the like.
TINK'ER-LY, adu. In the manner of a tinker.
TIN'KLE, -y.i. [W. tincial.] 1. To make small, quick,
sharp sounds, as by striking on metal 3 to clink. 2. To
hear a small, sharp sound.
TIN'KLE, V. t. To cause to clink or make sharp, quick
sounds.
TIN'KLER, 7!. Tinker. JSTorth of England.
TIN'KLING, ppr. Making a small, quick, sharp noise.
TIN'KLING, 71. A small, quick, sharp sound. Is. iii.
TIN'MAN, 71. [tin and 7iian.] A manufacturer of tin ves-
sels 3 a dealer in tin ware. Prior.
TIN'-MINE, n. A mine where tin is obtained.
TINNED, pp. Covered with tin.
TIN'NER, 71. One who works in the tin-mines,
t TIN'NI-ENT, a. Emitting a clear sound.
TIN'NING,j)pr. Covering with tm or tinfoil.
TIN'NING, 71. The act, art or practice of covering or lining
any thing with melted tin or with tinfoil.
TIN'NY, a. Abounding with tin. Drayton.
TIN'PEN-NY, n. [tin and penny.] A customary duty in
England, formerly paid to tithingmen. Bailey.
TIN'SEL, n. [Fr. etincelle.] 1. Something very shining
and gaudy 3 something superficially shining and showy.
2. A kind of shining cloth. 3. A kind of lace.
TIN'SEL, a. Gaudy 3 showy to excess 3 specious 5 superficial .
TIN'SEL, 7). «. To adorn 'with something glittering and
showy without much value ; to make gaudy. Pope.
TIN'SELED, pp. Decorated with gaudy ornaments.
TIN'SEL-ING, ppr. Adorning with tinsel.
TINT, 71. [It. tinta ; Fr. tcint; L. tinctus.] A dye; a color,
or rather a sight coloring or tincture distinct from the
ground or principal color. Pope.
riNT, V. t. To tinge 5 to give a slight coloring to.
TlN-TA-MAR', 77. [Old Fr. tintamarre.] A confused noise 3
a hideous outcry. Mason.
TIN'WoRM, n. [tin and toorm.] An insect. Bailey.
* TIN'Y a. Very small 3 little 3 puny. [A word used by chil-
dren, 2nd in burlesque.]
TIP, 7i. [D.tip.] 1. The ends the point or extremity of
any thing small. 2. One part of tne play at nine-pins. —
3. In botany, an anther.
TIP, 75. t. 1. To form a point with something ; to cover the
tip, top or end. 2. [for tap.] To strike slightly, or with
the end of any thing small 3 to tap. 3. To lower one end,
or throw upon the end 3 as, to tip a cart for discharging a
load 3 [JV*. England.] — To tip the loink, to direct a wink,
or to wink to another for notice.
TIP, V. i. In the phrase to tip off, that is, to fall headlong
hence, to die.
TIPPED, or TIPT, pp. Having the end covered.
TIP'PET, 11. [Sax. tceppet.] A narrow garment or cover
ing, now made of fur, for the neck, worn by females.
TIP'PING, ppr. Covering the end or tip.
TIP'PLE, V. i. [qu., D. zuipen ; Fr. toper.] To drink spir-
ituous or strong liquors habitually ; to indulge in the fre-
quent and improper use of spirituous liquors.
TIP'PLE, V. t. To drink, as strong liquors, in luxury or
excess. Dryden.
TIPPLE, n. Drink 3 liquor taken in tippling. ^Estrange.
TIP'PLED, pp. 1, Drank in excess. 2. a. Intoxicated 3
inebriated.
TIP'PLER, n. One who habitually indulges in the exces-
sive use of spirituous liquors 5 a drunkard ; a sot.
TIPPLING, ppr. Indulging in the habitual use of strong or
spirituous liquors.
TIP'PLING, n. The habitual practice of drinking strong or
spirituous liquors ; a drinking to excess.
TIP'PLING-HOUSE, n. [tipple and house.] A house in
which liquors are sold in drams or small quantities.
TIP'STAFF, n. [tip and staff.] 1. An officer who bears a
staff" tipped with metal 3 a constable. 2. A staff tipped
with metal. Bacon.
TIP'SY, a. [from tipple.] Fuddled 3 overpowered with
strong drink 3 intoxicated.
TIP'ToEjTi. [tip and toe.] The end of the toe.— ro be or
to stand a tiptoe, to be awake or alive to any thing ; to be
roused.
TIP TOP, 77. The highest or utmost degree.
TI-RaDE', (te-rade') 7t. [It.tirata; Yx. tirade.] 1. Former-
ly, in French music, the filling of an interval by the inter-
' mediate diatonic }iotes. — 2. In modern usage, a strain or
flight 3 a series of violent declamation. Quart. Review.
TIRE, 71. [Heb. ni£D.] 1. A tier ; a row or rank. This is
the same word as tier, differently written. 2. A head-
dress ; something that encompasses the head. Js. iii. 3.
Furniture 3 apparatus. 4. Attire. 5. A band or hoop of
iron, used to bind the fellies of wheels, to secure them from
wearing and breaking 3 as, cart-tire.
t TIRE, V. t. To adorn 5 to attire 3 to dress, as the head.
TIRE, V. t. [Sax. teoiian, ateorian, geteorian.] 1. To weary ,
to fatigue ; to exhaust the strength by toil or labor ; as, to
tire a horse or an ox. 2. To weary 3 to fatigue 3 to ex-
haust the power of attending, or to exhaust patience with
dullness or tediousness. — To tire out, to weary or fatigue
to excess 3 to harass.
TIRE, v.i. To become weary ; to be fatigued 3 to have the
strength fail 3 to have the patience exhausted.
TIRED, pp. Wearied 3 fatigued.
Tl'RED-NESS, (tird'nes) n. The state of being wearied,
weariness.
TiRESoME, a. 1. Wearisome ; fatiguing 3 exhausting the
strength. 2. Tedious 5 exhausting the patience.
TiRE'SoME-NESS, 71. The act or quality of tiring or ex-
hausting strength or patience 5 wearisomeness 3 tedious-
ness.
TiRE'WOM-AN, n. [tire and woman.] A woman whose
occupation is to make head-dresses. Locke.
TTR'ING, ppr. Wearying 3 fatiguing ; exhausting strength
or patience.
TIR'ING-HOUSE, } n. The room or place where players
TiR'ING-ROOM, \ dress for the stage.
TIR'WIT, 77. A bird. [L. vayiellus.] Ainsworth.
'TIS, a contraction of it is.
TK'rS^\'^ I a. [for p/itMsic,pA«AmcaZ.] Consumptive.
TIS'IC, n. Consumption 5 morbid waste.
TIS'RI, n. The first Hebrew month of the civil year, and
the seventh of the ecclesiastical 5 answering to a part of
our September and a part of October.
TISS'UE, (tish'u) n. [Fr. tissu.] 1. Cloth interwoven with
gold or silver, or with figured colors. — 2. In anatomy,
texture or organization of parts. 3. A connected series.
TISS'UE, (tish'u) v. t. To form tissue 3 to interweave 3 to
variegate.
TISS'UED, pp. Interwoven; formed with variegated work.
TISS'U-ING, ppr. Interweaving 3 forming with variegated
work.
TIT, n. A small horse, 777 contempt ; a woman, incontempt ;
a small bird ; a titmouse or tomtit.
Tl'TAN, or TI-Ta'NI-UM, n. In mineralogy, a metal of
modern discovery, and of a dark copper color, first found
in Cornwall in England.
TT-T A'NrT-AN ) „ . . . ■
TI-TA-NIT'I€ °" P^itammg to titamum.
TI-TA-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [titan, or titanium, and L fero ]
Producing titanium. Cleaveland.
TI'TAN-ITE, n. An ore or oxyd of titanium.
TIT'BIT, 71. A tender piece. See Tidbit.
TiTH'A-BLE, a Subject to the payment of tithes.
TITHE, 71. [Sax. teotha.] The tenth part of any thing; but
See Synops
A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.
—FAR, i'ALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
TO
843
TUG
appropriately, the tenth part of the increasre annually aris-
ing from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy
for their support.
TITHE, V. t. To levy a tenth part on 5 to tax to the amount
of a tenth.
TiTHE, V. i. To pay tithes. Tusser.
TITHED, pp. Taxed a tenth.
TiTHE'-EREE, a. Exempt from the paymejw of tithes
TiTHE'-PAY-ING, a. Paying tithes 3 subjected to pay
tithes. Franklin.
TITH'ER, n. One who collects tithes.
TiTH'ING, ppr. Levying a tax on, to the amount of a
tenth.
TITH'ING, n. A decennary ; a number or company of ten
householders, who, dwelling near each other, were sure-
ties or free-pledges to the king for the good behavior of
each other.
TiTH'ING-MAN, n. {tithing and man.] 1. The chief man
of a tithing ; a headborough ; one elected to preside over
the tithing. 2. A peace officer; an under-constable. — 3.
In Mew England, a parish officer annually elected to pre-
serve good order in the church during divine service.
TITH'Y-MAL, n. [Fr. titAi/waZe.l A plant.
TIT'IL-LATE, v. i. [L. titillo.] To tickle. Pope.
TIT'IL-LA-TING, ppr. Tickling.
TIT-IL-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. titillatio.] 1. The act of
tickling; or the state of being tickled. 2. Any slight
pleasure.
TIT'LaRK, n. [tit and lark.] A small bird.
Tl'TLE, n. [L.titulus; It. titolo.] 1. An inscription put
over any thing as a name by which it is known. 2. The
inscription in the beginning of a book, containing the sub-
ject of the work, and sometimes the author's name. — 3. In
the civil and caiion laws, a chapter or division of a book.
4. An appellation of dignity, distinction or pre-eminence
given to persons, as duke. 5. A name ; an appellation.
6. Right ; or that which constitutes a just cause of exclu-
sive possession ; that which is the foundation of owner-
ship. 7. The instrument which is evidence of a right. —
8. In the canon law, that by which a beneficiary holds a
benefice. — 9. In ancient church records, a church to which
a priest was ordained, and where he was to reside.
Tl'TLE, V. t. To name ; to call ; to entitle. Milton.
TI'TLED, pp. 1. Called ; named. 2. a. Having a title.
t Tl'TLE-LESS, a. Not having a title or name.
Ti'TLE-PAGE, n. [title a..d page.] The page of a book
which contains its title.
TI'TLING, ppr. Calling ; denominating ; entitling.
TITiMOUSE, n. A small bird of the genus parus.
TIT'TER, V. i. To laugh with the tongue striking against
the root of the upper teeth ; to laugh with restraint.
TIT'TER, n. 1. A restrained laugh. 2. A weed.
TIT'TLE, n. [from tit, small.] A small particle ; a minute
part ; a jot ; an iota.
TIT'TLE-TAT-TLE, n. [tattle doubled.] 1. Idle, trifling
talk; empty prattle. 2. An idle, trifling talker.
TIT'TLE-TAT-TLE, v. i. To talk idly ; to prate. Sidney.
TIT'TLE-TAT-TLING, n. The act of prating idly. Sid-
ney.
t TIT'U-BATE, t;. i. ['L.tituic] To stumble. Cockeram.
TIT-U-Ba'TION, 71. [L. titnbo.] The act of stumbling.
TIT'U-LAR, a. [Fr. titulairc ; L. titulus.] 1. Existing in
title or name only ; nominal ; having or conferring the
title only. 2. Having the title to an office or dignity
without discharging the duties of it.
TIT'U-LAR, ) n. A person invested with a title, in vir-
TIT'U-LA-RY, \ tue of which he holds an office or bene-
fice, whether he performs the duties of it or not.
IIT-U-LAR'I-TY, w. The state of being titular. Brown.
TIT'U-LAR-LY, adv. Nominallv ; bv title only.
TIT'U-LA-RY, a. 1. Consisting in a title. Bacon. 2. Per-
taining to a title. Bacon.
TIV'ER, 71. A kind of ochre which is used in marking sheep
in some parts of England. [Local.] Cyc.
TIV'ER, II. t. To mark sheep with tiveV, in difierent ways
and for different purposes. [Local.]
TIV'ER-ING, ppr. Marking with tiver. [Local.]
TIV'ER-ING, n. The act or practice of marking with tiver.
[Local.] Cyc.
TIv'Y, ofZti.f See Tantivy.] With great speed; a hunts-
man's word or sound. Dryden.
TO, prep. [Sax. to ; D. te, or toe ; G. zu ; Ir,, Gaelic, do ;
Corn, tho.] 1. Noting motion towards a place; opposed
to from. 2. Noting motion towards a state or condi-
tion ; as, he is going to a trade. 3. Noting accord or
adaptation ; as an occupation suited to his taste. 4.
Noting address or compellation, or the direction of a dis-
course. 5. Noting attention or application. 6. Noting
addition. 7. Noting opposition. 8. Noting amount,
rising to. 9. Noting proportion. 10. Noting possession
or appropriation. 11. Noting perception. 12. Noting the
subject of an affirmation. 13. In comparison of. 14.
As far as. 15. Noting intension. 16. After an adjec-
tive, noting the object. 17. Noting obligation. 18. Not-
ing enmity. 19. Towards. 20. Noting effect 0* enu.---
21. To, as a sign of the infinitive, precedes the rad
ical verb. 22. It precedes the radical verb after adjec
tives, noting the object ; as, ready to go. 23. It precedes
the radical verb, noting the object. 24. It precedes tlie
ladical verb, noting consequence. 25. It notes extent,
degree or end ; as, he languislies to death. 2G. After the
substantive verb, and with the radical verb, it denotes fu-
turity, 27. After have, it denotes duty or necessity ; as.
I have a debt to pay. — 28. To-day, to-night, to-morruw, are
peculiar phrases derived from our ancestors. To, in the two
first, has the sense or force of this ; this day, this night. — To
and fro, backward and forward. — To the face, in presence
of; "not in the absence of. [JVofe. — In the foregoing ex-
planation of to, it is to be considered that the definition
given is not always the sense of to by itself, but the sense
rather of the word preceding it, or connected with it, or
of to in connection with other words. In general, to is
used in the sense of moving towards a place, or towards
an object, or it expresses direction towards a place, end,
object or purpose.] — To is often used adverbially, to modi-
fy the sense of verbs ; as, to contie to ; to heave to.
ToAD, n. [Sax. tads, tadige.'^ A paddoc, an animal of the
genus rana, the rana bufo of Linne ; a small, clumsy
animal, the body warty, thick and disgusting to the sight,
but perfectly harmless.
ToAD'-eAT-ER, n. A vulgar name given to a fawning,
obsequious parasite ; a mean sycophant.
TOAD'-FISH, n. [toad and fish.] A fish of the genus lo-
phius, the fishir^g frog. Cyc.
ToAD'-FLAX, n. [toad and jZaz.] A plant ; snap-dragon.
fToAD'ISH, a. Like a toad. Stafford.
ToAD'-STONE, n. In mineralogy, a sort of trap rock.
ToAD'-STOOL, n. A sort of fungous plant that grows in
moist and rich grounds like a mushroom.
ToAST, V. t. [Sp., Port, tostar.] 1. To dry and scorch by
the heat of afire. 2. To warm thoroughly ; [l.u.] 3. To
name when a health is drank ; to drink to the healtli in
honor of.
ToAST, n. 1. Bread dried and scorched by the fire ; or such
bread dipped in melted butter, or in some liquor. 2. A
female whose health is drank in honor or respect. 3. He
or that which is named in honor in drinking.
ToAST'ED, pp. Scorched by heat ; named in drinking the
health.
ToAST'ER, n. 1. One who toasts. 2. An instrument for
toasting bread or cheese.
ToAST'lNG, ppr. Scorching by fire ; drinking to the honor
of.
TO-BAC'€0, n. [so named from Tabaco, a province of Yu-
catan, in Spanish America, where it was first found by
the Spaniards,] A plant, a native of America, of the genus
nicotiana, much used for smoking and chewing and in
snufi".
t TO-BACeO-NING, a. Smoking tobacco. Bp. Hall.
TO-BA€'€0-NIST, n. A dealer in tobacco ; also, a manu-
facturer of tobacco.
TO-BA€'CO-PIPE, n. A pipe used for smoking tobacco.
TO-BAC'CO-PIPE CLAY, n. A species of clay.
TO-BA€'CO-PIPE FISH, n. The needle-fish.
TOCK'AY, n. A species of spotted lizard in India.
TOCSIN, 7). [Fr.] An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell
for the purpose of alarm.
TOD, n. [Gaelic, tod.] 1. A bush ; a thick shrub ; [obs.] 2,
A quantity of wool of twenty-eight pounds, or two stone,
3. A fox.
tTOD, V. t. To weigh ; to produce a tod. Shak.
TO-DAY', ?i. [to and day.] The present day.
TOD'DLE, V. i. To saunter about ; It implies feebleness,
quasi tottle. Pegge.
TOD'DY, n. 1. A juice drawn from various kinds of the
palm in the E. Indies ; or a liquor prepared from it. 2. A
mixture of spirit and water sweetened.
To'DY, n. A genus of insectivorous birds. Cyc.
ToE, 71. [Sax. to ; G. ?-^hc ; Sw. ta ; Dan. taae.] 1. One of
the small members which form the extremity of the foot,
corresponding to a finger on the hand. 2. The fore part
of the hoof of a horse, and of other hoofed animals. 3,
The member of a beast's foot corresponding to the toe in
man.
f TO-FoRE', prep, or adv. [Sax. toforan ; to and /ore.] Be-
fore ; formerly. Shak.
TOFT, 71. 1. A grove of trees. Cyc. 2. [Dan. tofte, or tomt.]
In lain hooks, a place where a messuage has stood, but is
decayed.
To'FUS. Sec Tophus.
To'GA-TED, I a. [L. toga, a gown ; togatus, gowned.]
To'GED, \ Gowned^; dressed in a gown ; wearing a
gown ; as, toged consuls. Shak.
TO-GETH'ER', adv. [Sax. togcethre; to and gather.] 1. In
company. 2. In or into union. 3. In the same place.
4. In the same time. 5. In concert. 6. Into junction or
a state of union.— ro^et/ier with, in union with ; in com-
pany or mixture with.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoA^^E j— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, t Cbsolete
TOL
844
TON
1 0G'GEL, n. A gmall wooden pin tapering towards both
ends. Mar. Diet.
TOIL, v.i, [Sax. teolan, tiolan,] To labor; to work ; to
exert strength with pain and fatigue. Luke v.
TOIL, V t. 1. To toil nut, to labor ; to work out. Milton.
2. To weary ; to overlabor ; [ois.] Shak.
TOIL, n. Labor with pain and fatigue ; labor that oppresses
the body or mind.
TOIL, n. [Fr. toiles.} A net or snare ; any thread, web or
string spread for taking prey. U Estrange.
TOIL'ER, n. One who toils, or labors with pain.
TOIL'ET, n. [Fr. toilette.] 1. A covering or cloth of linen,
silk or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or
dressing-room. 2. A dressing table. Pope.
TOIL'ING, ppr. Laboring with pain.
T0ILB6ME, a. 1. Laborious ; wearisome; attended with
fatigue and pain. 2. Producing toil.
TOIL'SoME-NESS, n. Laboriousness ; wearisomeness.
TOISE, (tois) n. [Fr.] A fathom or long measure in France,
containing six French feet.
TO-KaY', n. A kind of wine produced at Tokay in Hun-
gary, made of white grapes.
To'KEN, (to'kn) n. [Sax. tacn, tacen ,• Goth, taikns ; D.
teeken.] 1. A sign ; something intended to represent or
indicate another thing or an event. 2. A mark. 3. A
memorial of friendship ; something by which the friend-
ship of another person is to be kept in mind. — 4. In coin-
age, tokens were coins struck in the reign of Elizabeth. —
5. In printing, ten quires of paper ; an extra quire is
usually added to every other token, when counted out for
tilG Dr6SS>
f To'KEN,'?;. t. To make known. Shak.
To'KENED, a. Being marked with spots. Shak.
ToL, V. t. [L. tollo.'] To take away ; a law term. Cyc.
To'LA, n. In India, a weight for gold and silver.
ToLD,pre«. andpj?. of tell. Oen. iii.
ToL-BOOTH. See Toll-booth.
TOLE, V. t. To draw or cause to follow by presenting some-
thing pleasing or desirable to view ; to allure by some bait.
ToLED, VP' Drawn ; allured ; induced to follow.
T0-Le'D0,71. [from To/e^fo in Spain.] A sword of the finest
T-^ledo temper. B. Jonson.
TOL'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. tolerahilis.'] 1. That may be
borne or endured ; supportable, either physically or men-
tally. 2. Moderately good or agreeable ; not contempti-
ble ; not very excellent or pleasing. Swift.
TOL'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being tolerable.
TOL'ER-A-BLY, adu. 1. Supportably ; in a manner to be
endured. 2 Moderately well ; passably ; not perfectly.
TOL'ER-ANCE, 71. [L. tolerantia.] The power or capacity
of enduring; or the act of enduring. Bacon.
TOL'ER-ANT, a. Enduring; favoring toleration.
TOL'ER-ATE, ?). «, [Fi: tolerer ; Ij. tolero.] To suffer to be
or to be done without prohibition or hinderance ; to allow
or permit negatively, bv not preventing ; not to restrain.
TOL'ER-A-TED, pp. Suffered ; allowed ; not prohibited or
restrained.
TOL'ER-A-TING, ppr. Enduring ; suffering to be or to be
done; allowing; not restraining.
TOL-ER-A'TION, ?i. [L. toleratio.] The act of tolerating;
the allowance of that which is not wholly approved ;
appropriately, the allowance of religious opinions and
modes of worship in a state, when contrary to or different
from those of the established church or belief.
Toll, n. [Sax. toll ,■ D. tol ; Sw. tull ; Dan. told ; G. loll ;
W.toll.] 1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege. 2. A
liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor. 3.
A portion of grain taken by a miUer as a compensation for
grinding.
Toll, v. i. l. To pay toll or tallage. Shak. 2. To take
toll, as by a miller. Tusser.
Toll, w. (. \\Y.tol,tnlo.'] To sound or ring, as a bell, with
strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals.
Toll, v. t. To cause a bell to sound with strokes slowly
and uniformly repeated.
Toll, v. t. [L. tollo.] l. To take away ; to vacate; to an-
nul; a law term. 2. To draw ; see Tole.
TOLL, V. A particular sounding of a bell.
Toll -BAR. n. [toll and bar.] A bar or beam used for
stopping passengers at the toll-house.
ToLL'-BOOTH, v. [toll and booth.] 1. A place where goods
are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. 2. A prison.
ToLL'-BOOTH, V. t. To imprison in a toll-booth. Corbet.
ToLL-BRIDGE, n. A bridge where toll is paid for passing it.
T6T.LT*lSri, 7i. [toll and dish.] A vessel by which the toll
of corn for grinding is measured. Beaumont and Fletcher.
ToLL'-GATE, 7i. A gate where toll is taken.
Toll -GATH-ER-ER, n. The man who takes toll.
I oLL'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed in which the man who
takes the toll remains.
ToLL'ER, n. 1. One who collects tribute, or taxes ; a toll-
gatherer. Barret. 2. One who tolls a bell.
roLL'lNG, ppr. 1. Causing to sound in a slow, grave man-
ner. 2. Taking away ; removing. 3. Sounding, as a bell
tToL'SEY, 71. The same with toll-bootb. Diet.
To'LU BAL'SAM, n. Balsam of Tolu. Cyc.
t TOL-U-Ta'TION, n. [L. toluto.] A pacing or ambling.
TOM'A-HAWK, n. An Indian hatchet.
TOM'A-HAWK, v. t. To cut or kill with a tomahawk.
TO-Ma'TO, n. A plant, and its fruit, a species of solanum.
It is called sometimes the love-apple.
T5MB, (toom) n. [Fr. tombs, tombeau; W torn, iomen,
twm, twmp ; Ir. tuoma ; Sp. tumba ; L. tumulus.] 1. A
grave ; a pit in which the dead body of a human being is
deposited. 2. A house or vault formed wholly or partly
in the earth, with walls and a roof for the reception of the
dead. 3. A monument erected to preserve the memory
of the dead.
TOMB, (toom) v. t. To bury ; to inter. See Entomb.
TOM'BAe, 71. A white alloy of copper.
ToMB'LESS, a. Destitute of a tomb or sepulchral monu-
ment.
TOM'BOY, 71. [Tom, Thomas, and boy.] A rude, boisterous
boy ; also, m sarcasm, a romping girl. [ F'ulgar.]
ToMB'STONE, n. A stone erected over a grave, to pre-
serve the memory of the deceased ; a monument.
TOME, n. [Fr.] A book ; as many writings as are bound in
a volume, forming the part of a larger work.
TO-MENT'OUS, a. [L. tomentum.] In botany, downy ; nap-
py ; cottony ; or flocky. Lee.
TO-MOR'ROW, 71. [to and morrow.] The day after the
present. Franklin.
TOM'PION, n. [Fr. tampon.] The stopper of a cannon.
See Tampion.
TOM RIG, 71. A rude, wild, wanton girl ; a tomboy. Dennis
TOM'TIT, n. A little bird, the titmouse.
TON, the termination of names of places, is town.
TON, 71. [Fr.] The prevailing fashion.
T6N, (tun) n. [Sax. timna ; Fr. tonne ; Sp. tonel.] The
weight of twenty hundred gross. See Tun.
TONE, 7). [Fr. to a ; Sp. tono ; It. tmno ; Sw., G. ton ; D.
toon ; Dan. tone ; L. tontis.] 1. Sound, or a modification
of sound ; any impulse or vibration of the ah which is
perceptible by the ear. 2. Accent ; or, rather, a particu-
lar inflection of the voice, adapted to express emotion or
passion ; a rhetorical sense of the word. E. Porter. 3. A
whining sound ; a whine ; a kind of mournful strain of
voice. 4. An affected sound in speaking. — 5. In music,
an interval of sound ; as, the difference between the dia-
pente and diatessaion is a tone. 6. The tone of an instru-
ment is its peculiar sound with regard to softness, even-
ness and the like. — 7. In medicine,\haX state of organiza-
tion in a body, in which the animal functions are healthy
and performed with due vigor.
TONE, V. t. 1. To utter with an affected tone. 2. To tune
See Tune.
ToNED, a. Having a tone ; used in composition.
ToNE'LESS, a. Having no tone ; unmusical. Entick.
ToNE'-SYL-LA-BLE, n. An accented syllable. M. Stuart.
fToNG, 7!. [See Tongs.] The catch of a buckle. [See
Tongue.] Spenser.
TONGS, n. plu. [Sax., Dan., D. tang ; G. zange ; Sw. tang ;
Ice. taung.] An instrument of metal, consisting of two
parts or long shafts joined at one end, used for handling
things, particularly fire or heated metals.
TONGUE, ) n. [Sax. tung, tunga ; Goth, tuggo ; Sw.tunga;
TUNG, \ Dan. tunge : D. tong.] 1. In man, the instru-
ment of taste, and the chief instrument of speech ; and, in
other animals, the instrument of taste. 2. Speech ; dis-
course ; sometimes, fluency of speech. 3. The power of
articulate utterance ; speech. 4. Speech, as well or ill-
used ; mode of speaking. 5. A language ; the whole sum
of words used by a particular nation. 6. Speech ; words
or declarations only. 7. A nation, as distinguished by
their language. 8. A point ; a projection. 9. A point, or
long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the main into a
sea or a lake. 10. The taper part of any thing ; inthe?-ig--
ging of a ship, a short piece of rope spliced into the upper
part of standing back-stays, &c. to the size of the mast
head. — To hold the tongue, to be silent. Addison.
T6NGUE, (tung) v. t. To chide ; to scold.
Tongue, ^■. i. To talk ; to prate. Shak.
T6NGUED, a. Having a tongue. Donne.
ToNGUE'-GRaFT-ING, n. A mode of grafthig by insert-
ing the end of a cion in a particular manner.
T6NGUELESS, a. I. Having no tongue. 2. Speechless.
3. Unnamed ; [obs.]
t ToNGUE'PAD, v.. A great talker. Tatler.
ToNGUE'-SHaPED, a. In botany, a tongue-shaped leaf is
linear and flesh}', blunt at the end, convex underneath,
and havingusually a cartilaginous border.
ToNGUE'-TlE, v. t. To deprive of speech or the power of
speech, or of distinct articulation.
ToNGUE'-TIED, a. 1. Destitute of the power of distinct
articulation ; having an impediment in the speech. 2.
Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause. Shak.
TON'I€, a. [from Gr. tovo? ; L. tonus.] 1 Literally, in-
creasing tension ; hence, increasing strength ; as, tonic
A, E, T, O, V, -?, long.—FAJi, FALL, VfHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
Sfe Synifpsis.
TOP
845
TOP
power. — 2. In 7nedidiie, increasing strength, or the tone
of the animal system 5 obviating the effects of debility,
and restoring healthy functions. 3. Relating to tones or
sounds. 4. Extended ; [obs.]
TON'I€, n, 1. A medicine that increases the tone of the
muscular fibre, and gives vigor and action to the system.
— 2. [Fr. tonique.] In m-iisic, the key-note pr principal
sound which generates all the rest. — 3. In music, a cer-
tain degree of tension, or the sound produced by a vocal
string in a given degree of tension.
TO-NlGHT', n. [to and night.] The present night, or the
night after the present day.
ToN'NAGE, n. 1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or
ship. 2. The cubical content or burthen of a ship in tuns ;
or the amount of weight which she may carry. 3. A duty
or impost on ships, estimated per tun ; or a duty, toll or
rate payable on goods per tun, transported on canals.
TON'SIL, n [L. tojisillcs.] In anatomy, a glandular body at
the passage from the mouth to the pharynx.
TON'SIL, a That may be clipped. Mason.
TON'SURE, (ton'shure) n. [Fr. ; L. tonsura.] 1. The act
of clipping the hair, or of shaving the head ; or the state
of beijig shorn. — 2. In the Romish church, tonsure is the
first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of
God and the church. — 3. In the Romish church, the corona
or crown which priests wear as a mark of their order and
of their rank in the church.
TON-TiNE', n. [Fr. tontine.'] An annuity on survivorship ;
or a loan raised on life-annuities, with the benefit of sur-
vivorship.
To'NY, 71. A simpleton. {Ludicrous.] Dryden.
TOO, adv. [Sax. to.] 1. Over ; more than enough ; noting
excess ; as, too high. 2. Likewise ; also ; in addition.
Pope. 3. Too, too, repeated, denotes excess emphati-
cally.
TOOK, pret of take. Oen. v.
TOOL, n. [Sax. tol.] 1. An instrument of manual opei*.-
tion, particularly such as is used by farmers and me-
chanics. 2. A person used as an instrument by another
person ; a word of reproach.
TOOL, V. t. To shape with a tool. Entick.
t TOOM, a. Empty. WicUffe.
TOOT, V. i. [Sax. totian ; D. toeten.] 1. To stand out, or
be prominent 5 [obs.] Howell. 2. To make a particular
noise with the tongue articulating with the root of the
upper teeth, at the beginning and end of the sound 3 also,
to sound a horn in a particular manner. 3. To p'^ep ; to
look narrowly ; [obs.] Spenser.
TOOT, V. t. To sound ; as, to toot the horn.
TOOT'ER, n. One who plays upon a pipe or horn.
TOOTH, n. ; plu. Teeth. [Sax. toth, plu. teth.] 1 A bony
substance growing out of the jaws of animals, and serv-
ing as the instrument of mastication. 2. Taste ; palate.
Dryden. 3. A tine ; a prong ; something pointed and re-
sembling an animal tooth ; as, the tooth of a rake, a comb,
a card, a harrow, a saw, or of a wheel. — Tooth and nail,
[by biting and scratching,] with one's utmost power j by
all possible means. U Estrange. — To the teeth, in open
opposition ; directly to one's face. — To cast in the teeth, to
retort reproachfully ; to insult to the face.— /ra spite of the
teeth, in defiance of opposition ; in opposition to every
effort. — To show the teeth, to threaten. Young.
TOOTH, ?7.i. 1. To furnish with teeth. 2. To indent 3 to
cut into teeih ; to jagg. 3. To lock into each other.
TOOTH'aCHE, n. Pain in the teeth.
TOOTH'A€HE-TBEi:, n. A shrub. Lee.
TOOTH'-DR A W-ER, n. [tooth and draw.] One whose
business is to extiact teeth with instruments.
TOOTH'-DRAW-ING, n. The act of extracting a tooth 3
the practice of extracting teeth.
TOOTHED, pp. or a. Having teeth or jaggs. In botany,
dentate ; having projecting points.
TOOTH'-EDGE, «. The sensation excited by grating
sounds, and by the touch of certain substances.
t TOOTH'FUL, a. Palatable.
TOOTH'LESS, a. Having no teeth. Dryden.
TOOTH'LET-TED, a. In botany, denticulate 3 having very
small teeth or notches, as a leaf. Martyn.
rOOTH'PIOK, \ n. An instrument for cleaning the
TOOTH'PI€K-ER, \ teeth of substances lodged between
them.
TOOTH'SoME, a. Palatable; grateful to the taste. Carew.
TOOTH'SoME-NESS, n. Pleasantness to the taste.
TOOTH'WoRT, n. A plant. Cyc.
TOOTH'Y, a. Toothed ; having teeth. Croxall.
TOOT'ING, ppr. Sounding in a particular manner.
TOP, n. [Sax., D., Dan. top ; Sw. topp.] 1. The highest
part of any thing ; the upper end, edge or extremity. 2.
Surface ; upper side. 3, The highest place, 4. The
highest person ; the chief. 5. The utmost degree. 6.
The highest rank. 7. The crown or upper surface of the
head. 8. I'he hair on the crown of the head ; the fore-
lock. Shak. 9. Tne head of a plant. Watts. 10. [G.
topf.] An inverted conoid which children play with by
. whirling it on its point, continuing the motion with a
whip. — II, In ship-building, a sort of platform, surround-
ing the head of ihe lower mast and projectmg on all
sides.
TOP'-aR-MOR, n. In ships, a railing on the top, supported
by stanchions and equipped with netting.
TOP'-BLO€K, n. In ships, a block hung to an eye-bolt in
the cap,_used in swaying and lowering the top-mast.
TOP'-CHaIN, n. In ships, a chain to sling the lower yards
in time of action, to prevent their falling when the ropes,
by which they are hung, are shot away.
TOP'-tlLOTH, n. In ships, a piece of canvas used to cover
the hammocks which are lashed to the top in action
TOP'-DRaIN-ING, n. The act or practice of draining the
surface of land.
TOP'-DRESS-ING, n. A dressing of manure laid on the
surface of land. Cyc.
TOP'-FULL, a. Full to the brim. Watts.
TOP-GAL'LANT, a. 1. See Top-sail. 2. Highest; ele-
vated 3 splendid.
TOP'-HEAV-Y, (top'-hev-y) a. [top and heavy.] Having
the top or upper part too heavy tor the lower. Wottun.
TOP'-KjNOT, n. [top and knot.] A knot worn by females
on the top of the head.
TOP'LESS, a. Having no top ; as, a topless height.
TOP'MAN, 71. 1. The man who stands above, in sawing. —
2. In ships, a man standing in the top.
TOP'-MaST, n. In ships, the second mast, or that which
is next above the lower mast. Above it is the top-gal-
lant-mast.
TOP'-MoST, a. [top and most.] Highest 3 uppermost.
TOP'-PROUD, a. Proud to the highest degree. Shak.
TOP'-ROPE, n. A rope to sway up a top-mast, &c.
TOP'-SAIL, 7!. A sail extended across the top-mast, above
which is the top-gallant-sail.
TOP'-SHaPED, a. In botany, turbinate.
TOP'-SOIL-ING, n. The act or art of taking off" the top-soil
of land, before a canal is begun.
TOPi-STONE, n. A stone that is placed on the top, or
which forms the top.
TOP'-TA€-KLE, n. A large tacKle hooked to the lowei
end of the top-mast top-rope and to the deck.
TOP, V. i. 1. To rise aloft ; to be eminent. 2. To predom-
inate. 3. To excel 3 to rise above others.
TOP, v.t. 1. To cover on the top ; to tip ; to cap. 2. To
rise above. 3. To outgo ; to surpass. 4. To crop ; to take
off" the top or upper part. 5. To rise to the top of. 6. To
perform eminently ; [obs.]
To'PAN, 71. A name of the horned Indian raven.
To PAR€H, n. [Gr. tottcj, place, and ap^os, a chief.] The
principal man in a place or country.
To'PAR-€HY, n. A little state, consisting of a few cities
or towns : a petty country governed by a toparch.
TO'PAZ, 7!. [Gr. TOJTa^iov.] A mineral, said to be so called
from Topaios, a small isle in the Arabic gulf.
TO-PAZ'O-LITE, 71. A variety of precious garnet, of a
topaz-yellow color, or an olive-green. Ure.
TOPE, n. A fish ofthe shark kind. Cyc.
TOPE, V. i. [Fr. toper.] To drink hard 3 to drink strong or
spirituous liquors to excess. Dryden.
To'PER, n. One who drinks to excess ; a drunkard 3 a sot
TOP'ET, n. A small bud, the crested tit-mouse.
TOPH, or TOPH'IN, n. A kind of sandstone.
TO-PHa'CEOUS, a. Gritty ; sandy ; rough 3 stony.
To'PHET, n. [Heb. Dfin tophet, a drum.] Hell 3 so called
from a place east of Jerusalem, where children were burnt
to Moloch, and where drums were used to drown their
cries.
To'PHI, n. Ducksten ; a stone formed by earthy deposi-
tions 3 called, also, tufa or trass.
TOPT-A-RY, a. [L. topiarias.] Shaped by cutting.
TOF'I€, n. [Gr. Toiioi ; L. topicus, topica.] 1. Any subject
of discourse or argument.— 2. In rhetoric, a probable argu-
ment drawn from the several circumstances and places
of a fact. 3. Principle of persuasion.— 4. In medicine, an
external remedy 5 a remedy to be applied outwardly to a
particular part of the body, as a plaster.
TOP'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to a place ; limited ; local.
TOP'I-€AL, \ 2. Pertaining to a topic or subject of dis-
course, or to a general head.
TOP'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. Locally ; with limitation to a part.
2. With application to a particular part.
TO-POG'RA-PHER, n. One who describes a particular
place, town, city or tract of land.
TOP-O-GRAPH'ie, I a. Pertaining to topography ; de-
TOP-O-GRAPH'I-eAL, \ scriptive of a place.
TOP-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of topog-
raphy.
TO-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ronog and ypacpr].] The descrip-
tion of a particular place, city, town, manor, parish or
tract of land.
TOPPED, or TOPT, pp. or a Covered on the top 3 capped
surpassed 3 cropped 3 having the top cut off".
• Sec Synopsis. MOVE BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; "f H as in tJiis, t Obsole
TOR
846
TOT
f OPTING, ppr, 1 Covering the top j capping ; surpass-
ing ; cropping ; lopping. 2. a. Fine ; gallant. Johnson.
3. Proud ; assuming superiority. [JV'ew England.]
TOP'PING, n. In seamen^s language, tlie act of pulling one
extremity of a yard higher than the other.
TOP'PING-LIFT, 71. A large, strong tackle employed to
suspend or top the outer end of a gaff, or of the boom of a
main-sail, in a brig or schooner.
TOP'PING-LY, ady. Proudly 5 with airs of disdain. [Low.]
TOP'PLE, V. i. To fall forward ; to pitch or tumble down.
TOP'PLE, V. t. To throw down. Shak.
TOP'PLING, jipr. Falling forward.
TOP'S Y-TTJR'VY, adv. In aii inverted posture 3 with the
top or head downwards. South.
ToaUE, (tok) ) n. [Fr. a cap.] A kind of bonnet or
TO-aUET', (to-ka') \ head-dress for women.
TOR, n. [Sax. tor ,■ L. tun-is.'] A tower 3 a turret 5 also, a
high, pointed hill ; used in names.
TORCH, n. [It. torcia ; Sp. antorcha ; Fr. torche ; D.
toorts.] A light or luminary formed of some combustible
substance, as of resinous wood or of candles.
TORCH'-BEaR-ER, n. [torch and bear.] One whose office
is to caiTy a torch. Sidney.
t TORCH'ER, n. One that gives light. Shak.
TORCH'-LTGHT, TO. I The light of a torch or of torches.
2. A light kindled to supply the want of the sun.
TORCH'-THIS-TLE, 71. A plant of the genus cactus
TORCH'-WoRT, 71. A plant. .More.
TORE, pret. of tear / as, he to?-e his robe.
TORE, n. [perhaps from tear.] The dead grass that re-
mains on mowing land in winter and spring.
TORE, n. [L. torus.] In architecture, a large, round mold-
ing on the base of a column. Cyc.
TO-REU-MA-TOG'EA-PHY, n. [Gr. ropevna and ■ypa^iri.']
A description of ancient sculptures and basso-relievos.
TOR'MENT, 71. [Fr. tourment ; L. tormentum ; It., Sp.
tormento.] 1. Extreme pain ; anguish ; the utmost degree
of misery, either of body or mind. 2. That which gives
pain, vexation or misery. 3. An engine for casting
stn"^es.
TOR-MENT', V. t. 1. To put to extreme pain or anguish ;
to inflict excruciating pain and misery, either of body or
mind. 2. To pain; to distress. 3. To tease ; to vex 3 to
harass. 4. To put into great agitation 3 [unusual.]
TOR-MENT ED, pp. Pained to extremity 3 teased.
TOR-]\[ENT'IL, n. [Ft. tormentiile j It. tor mentilla.] A
genus of plants, the septfoil. Cyc.
TOR-MENT'ING, ppr. Paining to an extreme degree 3 in-
flicting severe distress and anguish 3 teasing.
TOR-MENT'ING, n. In agriculture, an imperfect sort of
horse-hoeing. Cyc.
TOR-MENT'OR, n. 1. He or that which torments; one
who inflicts penal anguish or tortures.— 2. In agriculture,
an instrument for reducing a stiff soil.
Torn, pp. of tear. Ex. xxii.
TOR-Na'DO, n. [Sp., Port, toriiada.] A violent gust of
wind, or a tempest, distinguished by a whirling motion.
Tg'ROUS, a. [L. torosus.] In botany, protuberant 3 swell-
ing iii_knobs, like the veins and muscles. Marty n.
TOR-Pe'DO, n. [L.] The cramp-fish or electric ray.
TOR'PENT, a. [L. terpens, torpeo.] Benumbed ; torpid 5
having no motion or activity ; incapable of motion.
TOR'PENT, 71. In medicine, that which diminishes the ex-
ertion of the irritative motions. Darwin.
TOR-PES'CENCE, n. A state of insensibility 5 torpidness5
numbness ; stupidity.
TOR-PES'CENT, a. [L. torpescens.] Becoming torpid.
TOR'PID, a. [Ij. torpidus.] I. Having lost motion or the
power of exertion and feeling 3 numb. 2. Dull 3 stupid 3
sluggish 3 inactive.
TOR-PID'I-TY, 71. Torpfdness.
TOR'PID-NESS, I n. 1. The state of being torpid 3 numb-
TOR'PI-TUDE, \ ness. T'or/jidHess may amount to total
insensibility or loss of sensation. 2. Dullness ; iiiactivity 3
sluggishness ; stupidity.
TOR'POR, n. [L.] 1. Numbness ; inactivity ; loss of mo-
tion, or of the power of motion. 2. Dullness 5 laziness 3
slu2gishness5 stupidity.
rOR->0-RIF'IC, a. [L. torpor and /acio.] Tending to pro-
duce torpor.
TOR-RE-F ACTION, n. [Fr. 5 L. torrefacio.] 1. The op-
eration of drying by a fire. — 2. In metallurgy, the opera-
tion of roasting ores. — 3. In pharmacy, the drying or
roasting of drugs on a metalline plate, plpced over or be-
fore coals of fire, till they become friable to the fingers.
TOR'RE-FlED, pp. Dried 3 roasted ; scorched.
TOR'PE-Fy, v.t. [\j. torrefacio ; Yx. torrefier.] 1. To dry
by a fire. Brown. — 2. In metallurgy, to roast or scorch, as
metallic ores. — 3. In pharmacy, to dry or parch, as drugs,
on a metalline plate till they are friable, or are reduced to
any state desired.
TOR'RE-FY-ING, ppr. Drying by a fire ; roasting.
TOPi-'RENT, 7!. [li.torrens.] 1. A violent rushing stream
of water or other fluid 3 a strearrv suddenly raised and
running rapidly, as down a precipice 2. A violent o»
rapid stream 3 a strong current.
TOR'RENT, a. Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream.
TOR-RI-CEL'LI-AN, a. Pertainmg to Torricelli.
TOR'RID, a. [L. torridxLs.] 1. Parched 5 dried with heat
2. Violently hot 3 burning or parching.
TOR'RID-NESS, ?;. The state of being very hot or parched.
TORSE, 7!. [Fr. torse ; L. tortus.] In heraldry, a wreath.
TOR'SEL, n. Any thing in a twisted form. Moxon.
TOR'SION, 7i. [L. torsio.] The act of turning or twisting
— Torsion balance, an instrument for estimating very mi-
nute forces.
TOR'SO, 7!. [It.] The trunk of a statue, mutilated of head
and limbs 3 as, the torso of Hercules.
TOR'STEN, 71. An iron ore of a bright bluish-black, &c.
TORT, 7(. [Fr. 5 L. tortus.] 1. In law, any wrong or in-
jury." 2. Mischief; calamity. Spenser.
TORT'iLE, ) a. [L. tortilis.] Twisted 3 wreathed 3 coiled
TORT'IL, \ In botany, coiled like a rope.
t TOR'TION, 71. [L. tortus.] Torment 3 pain. Bacon.
TOR'TIOUS, a. 1. Injurious ; done by wrong.— 2. In law,
implying toil, or injury for which the law gives damages.
TORT'lVE, a. [L. tortus.] Twisted 3 wreathed. Shak.
TOR'TOISE, (tortis) 7?. ['L. tortus.] 1. An animal of the
genus testudo, covered with a shell or crust. — 2. In the
military art, a defense used by the ancients, formed by
the troops arranging themselves in close order and placing
their bucklers over their heads, making a cover resem-
bling a tortoise-shell.
TORTOISE-SHELL, 71. The shell or rather scales of the
tortoise, used in inlaying and in various manufactures.
TORT-U-OS'I-TY, n. [from toTtuo%Ls.] The state of being
twisted or wreathed 3 wreath 3 flexure.
TORT'U-OUS, c. [-L.tortuosus : Yr.tortueux.] ]. Twist-
ed ; wreathed 3 winding. 2. Tortious ; [obs.] Spenser.
TORT'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being twisted.
TORT'URE, 7(. [Fr. torture ; It., Sp. tortura.] I. Extreme
pain 3 anguish of body or mind ; pang 3 agony 3 torment.
2. Severe pain inflicted judicially, either as a punishment
for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession
from an accused person.
TORT'URE, V. t. 1. To pain to extremity 3 to torment
2. To punish with torture 3 to put to the rack. 3. To
vex 3 to harass. 4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow 3
[obs.]
TORT'LTRED, pp. Tormented 3 stretched on the wheel.
TORT'UR-ER, n. One who tortures 5 a tormentor.
TORT'UR-ING, ppr. Tormenting 3 stretching on the rack
TORT'UR-ING-LY, adv. So as to torture or torment
Beaumont.
f TORT'UR-OUS, a. Tormenting. More.
TOR'U-LOSE, a. In botany, swelling a little. Martyn.
To'RUS, 7(. A molding. See Tore.
TORV'I-TY, 7!. [L. fort' if as.] Sourness or severity of coun-
tenance.
TORV'OUS, a. [L. torvus.] Sour of aspect 3 stern 3 of a
severe countenance. Derham.
To'RY, n. [said to be an Irish word, denoting a robber.]
The name given to an adherent to the ancient constitu-
tion of EnglEjid and to the ecclesiastical hierarchy. — In
America, during the revolution, those who opposed the
war, and favored the claims of Great Britain, were called
tories.
ToRY-ISM, 77. The principles of the tories.
TOSE, V. t. To tease wool. [Mot in use, or local.]
TOSS, v'. t. ; pret. and pp. tossed, or tost. [W. tosiaw.] 1.
To throw with the hand -j^ particularly, to throw with the
palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward. 2. To
throw with violence. 3. To lift or throw up with a sud-
den or violent motion. 4. To cause to rise and fall. 5.
To move one way and the other. Prov. xxi. 6. To ad
tate 3 to make restless. 7. To keep in play 5 to tumble
over.
TOSS, V. i. 1. To fling 5 to roll and tumble 3 to writhe 3 to
be in violent commotion. 2. To be tossed. — To toss up, is
to throw a coin into the air and wager on what side it
will fall.
TOSS, n. 1. A throwing upward or with a jerk ; the act
of tossing. 2. A throwing up of the head 3 a particular
manner of raising the head Vvith a jerk.
TOSSED, pp. Thrown upward suddenly or with a jerk ;
made to rise and fall suddenly.
TOSS EL. Sec Tassel.
TOSS'ER, n. One who tosses.
TOSS'ING, ppr. Throwing upward with a jerk.
TOSS'ING, ?(. The act of throwing upward 3 a rising and
falling suddenly 3 a rolling and tumbling. Milton.
TOSS'-POT, 71. A toper 3 one given to strong drink.
TOST, pret. and fp. of toss. Milton.
To'TAL, a. [Fr. ; L. totalis.] 1. Whole 5 full 3 complete
2. Whole 3 not divided. Milton.
To'TAL, n. The whole 5 the whole sum or amount
TO-TAL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. totalite.] The whole sum 3 whole
quantity or amount.
* See 3yjtopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, Y, Ipng —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
TOU
847
TOW
To'TAL-IiY, adv. Wholly ; entirely ; fully ; completely.
TO'TAL-NESS, n. Entireness.
TOTE, V. t. To carry or convey. A word used in slave-
holding countries ; said to have been introduced by the
blacks.
TOT'TER, V. i. 1. To shake so as to threaten a fall ; to
vacillate. 9. To shake ; to reel ; to lean. Dryden.
TOT'TER-ING, ppr. Shaking, as threatening a fall ; vacil-
lating ; reeling ; inclining.
f TOT'TER-Y, a. Shaking; trembling or vacillating as if
about to fall ; unsteady.
TOU'€AN, n. A fowl of the genus ramphastos.
ToUCHj (tuch) V. t. [Fr. toucher ; Arm. touicha, touchan,
or touchein; Goth, tekan, attekan ; G. ticken ; D. tekken ;
Sp., Port, tocar ; It. toccarc] 1. To come in contact with ;
to hit or strike agauist. 2. To perceive by the sense of
feeling. 3. To come to ; lo reach ; to attain to. 4. To
try, as gold with a stone. 5. To relate to ; to concern ;
[nearly obs.] 6. To handle slightly. 7. To meddle with.
8. To affect. 9. To move ; to soften ; to melt. 10. To
mark or delineate slightly. 11. To infect ; [I. u.] 12. To
make an impression on. 13. To strike, as an instrument
of music ; to play on. 14. To influence by impulse ; to
impel forcibly. 15. To treat slightly. 16. To afilict or
distress. Oen. xxvi. — To touch up, to repair; or to improve
by slight touches or emendations. — To touch the wind, in
seamen's language, is to keep the ship as near the wind
as possible.
TOUCH, (tuch) V. i. 1. To be in contact v/ith ; to be in a
state of junction, so that no space is between. 2. To
fasten on ; to take effect on. 3. To treat of slightly in
discourse. — To touch at, to come or go to, without stay. —
To touch on or upon, to mention slightly. Addison.
Touch, (tuch) n. l. contact; the hitting of two bodies ;
the junction of two bodies at the surface, so that there is
no space between them. 2. The sense of feeling ; one of
the five senses. 3. The act of touching. 4. The state of
being touched. 5. Examination by a stone. 6. Test ;
that by which any thing is examined. 7. Proof; tried
qualities. 8. Single act of a pencil on a picture. 9. Fea-
ture ; lineament. 10. Act of the hand on a musical in-
strument. 11. Power of exciting the affections. 12.
Something of passion or affection. 13. Particular applica-
tion of any thing to a person ; [obs.} 14. A stroke. 15.
Animadversion ; censure ; reproof. 16. Exact perform-
ance of agreement ; [obs.'\ 17. A small quantity inter-
mixed. 18, A hint; suggestion; slight notice. 19. A
cant word for a slight essay ; [ofts.] — 20. In music, the re-
sistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers. — 21.
In music, an organ is said to have a good touch or stop,
when the keys close well. — 22. In ship-building, touch is
the broadest part of a plank worked top and butt ; or the
middle of a plank worked anchor-stock fashion ; also, the
angles of the stern timbers at the counters.
TOUCH' A-BLE, (tuch'a-bl) a. That may be touched ;
tangible.
ToUCH'-HOLE, (tuch'-hole) n. [touch and hole.] The
vent of a cannon or other species of fire-arms, by which
fire is communicated to the powder of the charge.
ToUCH'I-LY, (tuch'e-ly) adv. With irritation ; with peev-
ishness. Waterhouse.
ToUCH'I-NESS, (tuch'e-nes) n. [from touchy.] Peevish-
ness ; irritability ; irascibility. King Charles.
ToUCH'ING, (tuch'ing) ppr. 1. Coming in contact with ;
hitting; striking; affecting. 2. Concerning; relating to;
with respect to. 3. a. Affecting; moving; pathetic.
ToUCH'ING, (tuch'ing) n. Touch; the sense of feeling,
ToUCH'ING-LY, (tuch'ing-ly) adv. In a manner to move
the passions ; feelingly. Garth.
T6UCH'-ME-NOT, n. A plant of the genus impatiens, and
another of the genus womordica.
ToUCII'-NEE-DLE, (luch'-nee-dl) n. Touch-needles are
small bars of gold, silver and copper, each pure and in all
proportions, prepared for trying gold and silver by the
touchstone, by comparison with the mark they leave
upon it.
ToUCH'STONE, (tuch'stone) 71. 1. A stone by which met-
als are examined ; a black, smooth, glossy stone. 2. Any
test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried.
— Irish touchstone is the basalt, the stone which com-
poses the Giant's causey.
ToUCH'-WOOD, n. [touch and wood.] Decayed wood ;
used like a match for taking fire from a spark. Howell.
ToUCH'Y, (tuch'y) a. [vulgarly techy.] Peevish; irritable ;
irascible ; apt to take fire, [J'\'ot elegant.] Arbuthnot.
T6UGH. (tuf ) a. [Sax, toh.] 1. Having the quality of
flexibility without brittleness ; yielding to force without
breaking, 2. Firm ; strong ; not easily broken ; able to
endure hardship, 3, Not easily separated ; viscous ;
clammy ; tenacious; ropy, 4, Stiff; not flexible.
ToUGH'EN, (tuf 'fn) v. i. To grow tough. Mortimer.
ToUGH'EN, (luf 'fn) v. t. To make tough.
ToUGH'LY, ;tuf'ly) adv. In a tough manner.
ToUGH'NESS, (tuf'nes) n. 1. The quality of a substance
which renders it in some degree flexible, without brittle
ness or liability to fracture ; flexibility with a firm adhe
sion of parts. 2. Viscosity ; tenacity ; clamminess ; glu
tiriousness. 3. Firmness; strength of constitution or
texture.
T5U-PEE', ) 71. [Fr. toupet.] A little tuft ; a curl or art'-
* ToU-PET', \ ficial lock of hair.
TOUR, (toor) 71. [Fr. tour ; D. toer.] 1. Literally, a going
round ; hence, a journey in a circuit. 2. A turn ; a revo-
lution ; [obs.] 3. A turn ; as, a foiir of duty. 4, A tress
or circular border of hair on the head, worn sometimes
by both sexes. 5. A tower ; [obs.]
TOtlR'lST, (toor'ist) ?(. One who makes a tour, or performs
a journey in a circuit.
TriR'MyVTTN ' ( '*' ^^ mineralogy, a silicious stone,
ToURN, n. The sheriff's turn or court ; also, a spinning-
wheel, [JVot American.]
* T6URN.';A-MENT, (turn'a-ment) n. [from Fr. tourner.]
A rnarfial sport or exercise formerly performed by cava-
lier^to show their address and bravery.
To^p^'E-aUET, (turn'e-ket) ii. [Fr.] A surgical instru-
j|(S^nt or bandage which is straitened or relaxed with a
screv\% and used to check hemorrhages.
* ToURN'EY, (turn'y) n. A tournament.
* ToURN'EY, (turn'y) v. i. To tilt ; to perform tourna-
ments.
TOUSE, V. t. [G. lausen.] To pull ; to haul ; to tear.
[Hence Towser.] Spenser.
TOU'SLE, \ V. t. The same as touse ; to put into disorder ;
TOUS'EL, \ to tumble ; to tangle.
Tout, v. i. To toot, which see.
ToW, V. t. [Sax. teogan, teon ; Fr. touer.] To drag, as a
boat or ship, through the v/ater by means of a rope.
ToW, ?!, [Sax. t07D ; Fr. etoupe ; L, stupa.] The coarse
and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer
part bj' the hatchel or swingle.
ToW'AGE, 71. 1. The act of towing. 2. The price paid
for towing. Walsh.
* To'WARD, or * ToiWARDS, prep. [Sax. toward ; to
and 2oard.] 1. In the direction to. 2. With direction to,
in a moral sense ; with respect to ; regarding. 3. With
ideal tendency to, 4. Nearly.
* To'WARD, or To'WARDS^ adv. Near at hand; in a
state of preparation.
* To'WARD, a. Ready to do or learn ; not froward ; apt.
*To'WARD-LI-NESS,n. [fmmtotoardly.] Readiness to do
or_learn ; aptness ; docility. Raleigh.
*To'WARD-LY, a. Ready to do or learn; apt; docile;
tractable ; compliant with duty. Bacon.
*To'WARD-NESS, n. Docility; towardliness. South.
TOWEL, n. [Fr, touaille ; Gaelic, ttibailt.] A cloth used
for wiping the hands and for other things,
TOWER, n. [Sax, tor, tirre ; Ir. tor ; Fr., Arm. tour ; Sp.,
It., Port, torre ; W. tier.] 1, A building, either round ot
square, raised to a considerable elevation and consisting
of several stories, 2. A citadel ; a fortress. Ps. Ixi. 3.
A high head-dress. 4. High flight ; elevation.
TOWER, V. i. To rise and fly hfgh ; to soar ; to be lofty.
TOWERED, a. Adorned or defended by towers. Milton.
TOW'ER-ING, pijr. 1. Rising aloft ; mounting high ; soar-
ing. 2. a. Very high; elevated,
TOW'ER-MUS-TARD, n. A plant. Lee.
TOWER-Y, a. Having towers ; adorned or defended by
towers,
ToW'ING, ppr. Drawing on water, as a boat.
ToW'ING-PaTH, n. A path used by men or horses that
tow boats.
ToW'-LINE, n. A small hawser, used to tow a ship, &c.
TOWN, n. [Sax, tun; W, din, divas ; Gaelic, dun.] 1.
Originally, a walled or fortified place ; a collection of
hou'ses inclosed with walls, hedges or pickets for safety.
2. Any collection of houses, larger than a village. — 3. In
England, any number of houses to which belongs a regu-
lar market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop.
4. The inhabitants of a town.— 5. In popular usage, in
America, a township ; the whole territory within certain
limits. — 6. In England, the court end of London. Pope.
7. The inhabitants of the metropolis. Pope. 8. The me-
tropolis.
TOWN'-€LERK, n. An officer who keeps the records of a
town, and enters all its oflicial proceedings.
1'0WN'-€RI-ER, n. [town and cry.] A public crier ; one
who makes proclamation. Shale.
TOWN'-HOUSE, n. 1. The house where the public busi-
ness of the town is transacted by the inhabitants in legal
meeting. JSTew England. 2. A house in town, in opposi-
tion to a house in the country.
TOWN'ISH, a. Pertaining to the inhabitants of a town;
like the town.
TOWN'LESS, a. Having no town. Howell.
TOWN'S HIP, n. The district or territory of a town,
TOWNS'MAN, n. 1. An inhabitant of a place ; or one of
the same town with another, 2. A selectman.
♦ See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE,— C as K ; G as J ; ? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete
TRA
848
TRA
TOWN'-TALK, ra. [town and talk.] The common talk of
a place, or the subject of common conversation.
ToW'-ROPE, n. Any rope used in towmg ships or boats.
TOWS'ER, 71. [from toiise.] The name of a dog,
TOX'I-€AL, a. [L. toxicum.] Poisonous. [Little used.]
TOX-I-eOL'0-6Y. n. [Gr. to^ikov and Xoyog.] A discourse
on poisons ; or the doctrine of poisons.
TOY, n. [qu. D. tool.] 1. A plaything for cliildren 5 a
ba'vble. 2. A trifle : a thing for amusement, but of no
real value. 3. An article of trade of little value. 4. Mat-
ter of no importance. 5. Folly ; trifling practice ; silly
opinion. 6. Amorous dalliance ; play 5 sport. 7. An old
story ; a silly tale. 8. Slight representation. 9. Wild
fancy ; odd conceit. ^
TOY, V. i. [Dan. tover ; Sw. tofva.] To dally amorously ;
to trifle ; to play.
fTOY, V- t. To treat foolishly. Bering.
TOY'ER, n. One who toys; one who is full of trifling
tricks.
TOY'FUL, a. Full of trifling play. Donne.
TOYiLiiG,ppr. Dallying; trifling.
TOY'ISH, a. Trifling; wanton. Crowley.
TOY'ISH-NESS, 71. Disposition to dalliance or trifling.
TOY'MAN, n. [toy and man.] One that deals in toys.
TOY'SHOP, n. A shop where toys are sold.
ToZE, V. t. To pull by violence. See Touse.
TRACE, n. [Fr. ; It. tracria : Sp. traza.] 1. A mark left
by any thing passing ; a footstep ; a track ; a vestige. 2.
Remains ; a mark, impression or visible appearance of
any thing left when the thing itself no longer exists.
TRACE, n. [Fr. tirasse.] Traces, in a harness, are the
straps, chains or ropes by which a carriage or sleigh is
drawn by horses. [Locally, these are cafled tugs ; Sax.
teogan, to draw.]
TRACE, V. t. [Fr. tracer; It. tracciare ; Sp. trazare.] 1.
To mark out ; to draw or delineate with marks. 2. To
follow by some mark that has been left by something
which has preceded ; to follow by footsteps or tracks. 3.
To follow with exactness. 4. To walk over.
TRaCE'A-BLE, a. That may be traced. Drummond.
TRaCED, pp. Marked out; delineated; followed.
TRa'CER, 71. One that traces or follows by marks.
TRa'CER-Y, 71. Ornamental stonb-work. Warton.
TRa'CHE-A, 71. [Low L.] In anatomy, the windpipe.
T'riA'CHE-AL, a. Pertaining to the trachea or windpipe.
'L'Ra'CHE-O-CeLE, 71. [trachea, and Gr. Kri\ri.] An en-
largement of the thyroid gland ; bronchocele or goitre.
TRA-€HE-OT'0-MY, n. [trachea, and Gr. repivoi.] In sur-
gery, the oi>eration of making an opening into the wind-
pipe.
TRa'CHYTE, n. [Gr. Tpa;:^i;j.] A volcanic rock. #
TRA-€HYT'I€, a. Pertaining to trachyte, or consisting
of it.
TRa'CING, pp'r. [from trace.] Marking out ; drawing m
lines ; following by marks or footsteps.
TRa'CING, n. Course; regular track or path. Varies.
TRACK, 71. [It. traccia ; Sp. traza ; Fr. trace] 1. A mark
left by something that has passed along. 2. A mark or
impression left by the foot, either of man or beast. 3. A
road ; a beaten path. 4. Course ; way.
TRACK, V. t. 1. To follow when guided by a trace, or by
the footsteps, or marks of the feet. 2. To tow ; to draw
a boat on the water in a canal.
TRACKED, pp. Followed bv the footsteps.
TRACK'ING, ppr. Following by the impression of the feet ;
drawing a boat ; towing.
TRACK'LESS, a. Having no track ; marked by no foot-
steps ; untrodden ; as, a trackless desert.
TRACK'-RoAD, 71. [track and road.] A towing-path.
TRACK'-SCOUT, n. [track, and D. schuit.] A boat em-
ployed on the canals in Holland, usually drawn by a
horse.
TRACT, n. [L. traltus ; It. tratto ; Fr. trait ; fxom L.
traho.] 1. Something drawn out or extended. 2. A re-
gion, or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent.
3. A treatise ; a written discourse or dissertation of indefi-
nite length, but generally not of great extent. — 4. In
hunting, the trace or footing of a wild beast. 5. Treat-
ment; exposition; [ohs.] 6. Track; [obs.] 7. Continu-
ity or extension of any thing ; [ohs.] 8. Continued or
protracted duration ; length ; extent.
* TRACT, V. t. To trace out ; to draw out.
TRACT-A-BIL'I-TY, 7;. The quality or state of being
tractable or docile ; docility ; tractableness.
TRACT'A-BLE, a. [L. tractabilis ; Fr. traitable.] I. That
may be easily led, taught or managed ; docile ; manage-
able ; governable. 2. Palpable ; such as may be han-
dled.
TRACT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being
tractable or manageable ; docility. Locke.
TRACT'A-BLY, ado. In a tractable manner ; with ready
compliance.
f TRACT'ATE, n. [L. tractatus.] A treatise ; a tract.
TRACT-A'TION, n. [L. tractatio.] Treatment or handling
of a subject; discussion. Bp. Hall.
TRACT-A'TRIX, n. In geometry, a curve line.
TRACT'ILE, a. [L. tractus.] Capable of being drawn out
in length ; ductile. Bacon.
TRAC-TIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being tractile ; ductil-
ity. Derham.
TRACTION, n. [L. tractus.] 1. The act of drawing, or
state of being drawn. 2. Attraction ; a drawing towards.
TRACT'OR, 71. That which draws, or is used for drawing,
Journ. of Science.
TRADE, n. [Sp., Port, trato ; It. tratta.] 1. The act or
business of exchanging commodities by barter ; or the
business of buying and selling for money ; commerce ;
traflick ; barter. 2. The business which a person has
learned, and which he carries on for procuring subsistence
or for profit ; occupation ; particularly, mechanical em-
ployment. 3. Business pursued ; occupation ; in contempt.
4. Instruments of any occupation. 5. Employment not
manual; habitual exercise. 6. Custom; habit; standing
practice. 7. Men engaged in the same occupation ; thus
booksellers speak of the customs of the tradp.
TRADE, V. i. 1. To barter, or to buy and sell ; to deal in
the exchange, purchase or sale of goods, wares and mer-
chandise, or any thing else ; to traflick ; to carry on com-
merce as a business. 9. To buy and sell or exchange
property in a single instance. 3. To act merely for
money. 4. To have a trade wind ; [unusual.]
TRADE, V. t To sell or exchange in commerce.
t TRaD'ED, a. Versed ; practiced. Shak.
TRaDE'FUL, a. Commercial ; busy in traflick. Spenser.
TRaD'ER, 71. One engaged in trade or commerce ; a dealer
in buying and selling or barter.
t TRaDES'FoLK, n. People employed in trade. Swift.
TRaDES'MAN, 71. [trade and man.] A shop-keeper.
TRaDE'-WIND, n. A wind that favors trade. A tradc-
?C(H(Z is a wind that blows constantly in the sanje direc-
tion, or a wind that blows for a number of months in one
direction, and then, changing, blows as long in the oppo-
site direction. These winds," in the East Indies, are call-
ed monsoons, which are periodical.
TR aB'IKG, ppr. 1. Trafficking; exchanging commodities
by barter, or buying and selling them. 2. a. Carrying on
commerce.
TRaD'ING, n. The act or business of carrying on com-
merce.
TRA-Dx"TION, n. [Fr. ; L. traditio.] 1. Delivery ; the
act of delivering into the hands of another. 2. The deliv-
ery of opinions, doctrines, practices, rites and customs
from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity. 3. That
which is handed down from age to age by oral communi-
cation .
TRA-Dl"TION-AL, or TRA-Dl"TION-A-RY, a. 1. De-
livered orally from father to son ; communicated froru
ancestors to descendants by word only ; transmitted from
a^e to age without writing. 2. Observant of tradition ;
[obs.]
TRA-Di"TION-AL-LY, adv. By transmission from father
to son, or from age to age.
TRA-DI"TION-A-RY, 7!. Among the Jews, one who ac-
knowledges the authority of traditions, and explains the
Scriptures bv them.
TRA-Di'TION-ER, ; 71. One who adheres to tradition.
TRA-Dl"TION-IST, \ Gregory.
TRAD'I-TiVE, a. [Fr.] Transmitted or transmissible from
father to son, or from age to age, by oral communication.
TRAD'I-TOR, n. [L.] A deliverer; a name of infamy
given to Christians who delivered the Scriptures or the
goods of the church to their persecutors to save their
lives.
TRA-DuCE', V. t. [L. tradiico ; Fr. traduire.] 1. To rep-
resent as blamable ; to condemn. 2. To calumniate ; to
vilify ; to defame ; v/ilfully to misrepresent. 3. To prop-
agate ;_ to continue by deriving one from another ; [obs.\
TRA-Du'CED, (tra-dust") pp. Misrepresented ; calumnia-
ted.
TRA-DtJCE'MENT, n. Misrepresentation ; ill-founded cen-
sure ; defamation; calumny. [Little used.] Shak.
TRA-DU'CENT, a. Slandering; slanderous. Entick.
TRA-Du'CER, n. One that traduces; a slanderer; a ca-
lumniator.
TRA-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be orally derived. [L. u.]
TRA-Du'CING, ppr. Slandering ; defaming ; calumnia
ting.
TRA-DtJ'CING-LY, adv. Slanderously ; by way of defa
mation.
t TRA-DUCT', V. t. [L. traduco, traductum.] To derive
Fotherby.
TRA-DUC'TION, n. [L. traductio.] 1. Derivation from
one of the same kind ; propagation. 2. Tradition ; trans
mission from one to another ; [I. u.] 3. Conveyance ;
transportation; act of transferring. 4. Transition.
TRA-DUC'TIVE, a. Derivable ; that may be deduced.
TRAF'FICK, 71. [Fr. traflc ; It. traffico.] I. Trade ; com-
* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zoti^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MAIviNE, BtRD
Obsolete
TKA
849
TRA
merce, either by barter or by buying and selling. 2.
Commodities for market.
TRAF'FI€K, v. i. [Fr. trafiquer ; It. trafficare ; Sp. trafi-
car.] 1. To trade ; to pass goods and commodities from
one person to another for an equivalent in goods or
money ; to barter ; to buy and sell wares ; to caiTy on
commerce. 2. To trade meanly or mercenarily. Sha/c.
TRAF'FI€K, v t. To exchange"in trafiick.
t TRAF FIOK-A-BLE, a. Marketable. Bp. Hall.
TllAF'FIOK-ER, n. One who carries on commerce j a
trader; a merchant. Js. viii. Shak.
TRAF'FI€K-ING, ppr. Trading; bartering; buying and
selling goods, wares and commodities.
TRAG'A-€ANTH, n. [L. tragacanthum ; Gr. rpayaKavda.]
1. Goat's-thorn ; a plant. 2. A gum obtained from the
gopt's-^ihorn.
TRA-6e'DI-AN, n. [L.tragcBdus.] 1. A writer of tragedy.
2. More generally, an actor of tragedy.
TRAG'E-DY, 11. [Ft. tragedie ; It., Sp. tragedia.] 1. A
dramatic poem representing some signal action performed
by illustrious persons, and generally having a fatal issue.
2. A fatal and mournful event ; any event in which hu-
man lives are lost by human violence, more particularly
by unauthorized violence.
TRAG'ie, ) a. [L. tragicus ; Fr. tragiqxte ; It. tragi-
TRAG'I-CAL, ) CO.] 1. Pertaining to tragedy; of the na-
ture or character of tragedy. 2. Fatal to life ; mournful ;
sorrowful ; calamitous ; 3. Mournful ; expressive of tra-
gedy, the loss of life, or of sorrow. -
TRAG'I-€ AL-LY, adv. In a tragical manner ; with fatal
issue ; mournfully ; soriowfully.
TRA6'I-€AL-NESS, n. Fatality ; mournfulness ; sadness.
TRAG-l-€OM'E-DY, n. [Fr. tragi-comedle : tragedy and
comedy.] A kind of dramatic piece representing same ac-
tion passed among eminent persons, the event of which
is not unhappy, in which serious and comic seen ?s are
blended.
TRAG-i-€OM'I€, I a. Pertaining to tragi-comedy ; par-
TRA6-i-€0M'I-€AL, \ taking of a niixture of grave and
comic scenes.
TRA6-I-€0M'I-€AL-LY, ado. In a tragi-comical manner.
rRAlL,i). t. [Sp. traillar ; W. trail.] 1. To hunt by the
track. 2. To draw along the ground. 3. To lower.— 4.
In America, to tread down grass by walking through ; to
lay flat.
TRAIL, V. i. To be drawn out in length. Spenser.
TRaIL, 71. 1. Track followed by the hunter ; scent left on
the ground by the animal pursued. 2. Any thing drawn
to length. 3. Any thing drawn behind in long undula-
tions ; a train. 4. The entrails of a fowl ; applied some-
times to those of sheep.
TRAILED, pp. Hunted by the tracks; laid flat; drawn
along on the ground ; brought to a lower position.
TRaIL'ING, ppr. Hunting by the track ; drav/ing on the
ground ; treading down ; laying flat.
TRAIN, V. t. [Fr. trainer ; It. trainare, tranare.] 1. To
draw along. 2, To draw; to entice; to allure. 3. To
draw by artifice or stratagem. 4. To draw from act to
act by persuasion or promise. 5. To exercise ; to disci-
pline ; to teach and form by practice. 6. To break, tame
and accustom to draw, as oxen. 7. To prepare for ath-
letic exercises by a particular course of food and exercise.
— 8. In gardening, to lead or direct and form to a wall
or espalier ; to form to a proper shape by growth, lopping
or pruning. — 9. In mining, to trace a lode or any mineral
appearance to its head. — To train, or train up, to educate ;
to teach ; to form by instruction or practice ; to bring up.
TRAIN, 71. 1. Artifice ; stratagem of enticement. 2.
Something drawn along behind, the end of a gown, &;c.
3. Tiie tail of a fowl. 4. A retinue ; a number of follow-
ers or attendants. 5. A series ; a consecution or succes-
sion of connected things. 6. Process ; regular method ;
course. 7. A company in order ; a procession. 8. The
number of beats which a watch makes in any certain time,
y. A line of gunpowder, laid to lead fire to a charge, or to
a quantity intended for execution.
TRAIN'A-BLE, a. That may be trained. [Little iised.]
PRAIN'-BAND, n. [train and baiid.] A band or company
of militia. — Train-bands, in the plural, militia.
TRAIN'-BEaR-ER, 71. One who holds up a train.
TRAINED, pp. Drawn; educated; formed by instruction.
TRAIN'ER, 71. One who trains up ; an instructor. Ash.
TRAIN ING, ppr. Drawing ; alluring ; educating ; teach-
ing and forming by practice.
TRAIN'ING, 77. 1. The act or process of drawing or edu-
cating ; education. '2. Preparation for athletic exercises.
3. In gardening, the operation or art of forming young
trees to a wall or espalier, or of causing them to grow in
a shape suitable for that end.
TRAIN'-OIL, n. [train ?inA oil.] The oil procured from the
blubber or fat of whales by boiling. Cyc.
TRAlN'-RoAD, n. [train and road.] In mines, a slight
rail-way for small wagons. Cyc.
t TRaIN'Y, a. Belonging to train-oil. 6ay.
TRaIPSE, v. i. To walk sluttishly or carelessly. \A low
zoord.]
* TRaIT, 71. [Fr. trait ; L. tractus.] 1. A stroke ; a touch
2. A line ; a feature.
TRAIT'OR,
[Fr. trattre ; Arm. treitre, treytor ; Sp.
traidor ; L. traditor.] 1. One who violates his allegiance
and betrays his country ; one guilty of treason ; one who,
in breach of trust, delivers his country to its enemy, of
any fort or place intrusted to his defense. 2. One who
betrays his trust.
tTRAIT'OR-LY, a. Treacherous.
TRAIT'OR-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of treason ; treacherous ; jer-
fidious ; faithless. 2. Consisting in treason ; partaking
of treason ; implying breach of allegiance.
TRAIT'OR-OUS-LY, adv. In violation of allegiance and
trust ; treacherously ; perfidiously
TRAIT'OR-OUS-NESS, n. Treachery; the quality of be
inj treasonable. Scott.
TRAIT'RESS, n. A female who betrays her country or her
trust. Dry den.
TRA-JECT', V. t. [L. trajectus.] To throw or cast through.
TRAJ'E€T, n. A ferry ; a passage, or vlace for passing
water with boats. Shak.
TRA-JE€T'ING, ppr. Casting through.
TRA-JE€'TION,7i, 1. The act of casting or darting through.
2. Transportation. 3. Emission.
TRA-JE€T'0-RY, n. The orbit of a comet. Cyc.
TRA-La'TION, n. A change in the use of a word, or
the use of a word in a less prrper, but more significant
sense.
TRAL-A-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. translatus, transfero.] Meta-
phorical ; not literal.
TRAL-A-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. Metaphorically.
t TRA-LIN'E-ATE, v. t. [L. trans and linea.] To deviate
from any direction. Dryden.
TRA-Lu'CENT, a. [L. trahicens.] Transparent ; clear.
TRAM'MEL, n. [Fr. tramail.] J^ kind of long net for
catching birds or fishes. 2. A kiM»of shackles used for
regulating the motions of a horse, and making him amble.
3. An iron hook, of various forms and sizes, used for
hanging kettles and other vessels over the fire. — 4. Tram-
mels, in mechanics, a joiner's instrument for drawing ovals
upon boards.
TRAM'MEL, v. t. [Sp. trahar.] 1. To catch ; to intercept.
2. To confine ; to hamper ; to shackle.
TRAM'MELED, pp. 1. Caught; confined; shackled.— 2.
In the manege, a horse is said to be trammeled, when he
has blazes or white marks on the fore and hind foot of
one side.
TR AM'MEL-ING, ppr Catching ; confining ; shackling.
TRA-MON'TANE, n. One living beyond the mountain ; a
stranger.
TRA-MON'TANE, a. [It. tramontana ; L. trans and mans.]
Lying or being beyond the mountain ; foreign ; barbtir-
ous.
TRAMP, v.t. [Sw. trampa.] To tre^d.
TRAMP, V. i. To travel ; to wander or stroll.
TRAMP'ER, 77. A stroller ; a vagrant or vagabond.
TRAM'PLE, 7J. «. [G. trampeln, trampen ; Dan. tramp er ;
Sw. trampa.] 1. To tread under foot ; especially, to tread
upon with pride, contempt, triumph or scorn. 2. To
tread down ; to prostrate by treading. 3. To treat with
pride, contempt and insult.
TRAM'PLE, V. i. 1. To tread in contempt. 2. To tread
with force and rapidity. Dryden.
TRAM'PLE, 7?, The act of treading under foot with co\i-
tempt.
TRAM'PLED, pp Trod on ; trodden under foot.
TRAM PLER, 71. One that tramples ; one that treads down
TRAM'PLING, ppr. Treading under foot ; prostrating by
treading ; treading with contempt and insult,
t TRA-NA'TION, 71. [li. trano.] The act of passing over by
swimming.
TRANCE, (trans) n. [Fr. transe.] An ecstasy ; a state in
which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into
celestial regions, or to be rapt into visions.
TRANCE, V. t. To entrance. Bp. Hall.
TRANCED, a. Lying in a trance or ecstasy. Shak.
t TRAN'GRAM, 7?. An odd thing intricately contrived.
TRAN'NELj used by Moxon, is a mistake for tree-nail, pro-
nounced by ship-builders trunnel.
TRAN'Q.UIL, a. [Fr. tranquille ; L. tranquilhis.] Quiet ,
calm ; undisturbed ; peaceful ; not agitated.
TRAN'aUIL-iZE, v. t. To quiet ; to allay when agitated ;
to compose ; to make calm and peaceful.
TRAN'aUIL-lZED, pp. Quieted ; calmed ; composed
TRAN'QUIL-lZ-ING, ppr. Quieting; composing.
TRAN-QUIL'LI-TY, 71. [L. tranquillitas.] Quietness ; a
calm state ; freedom from disturbance or agitation.
TRAN'QUIL-LY, adv. Quietly ; peacefully.
TRAN'QUIL-NESS, n. Quietness ; peacefulness.
TRANS-ACT', v. t. [L. transactus J To do ; to perform ; to
manage.
■ See i:ynops^s
MOVE, BOOK. DOVE
* '54
-BULL UNITE.— € as K 5 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
TRA
850
TKA
TRANS-ACT', v. i. To conduct matters ; to treat ; to man-
age. South.
TRANS-A€T'ED, pp. Done ; performed ; managed.
TRANS-A€T'ING, ppr. Managing; performing.
TRANS-AOTION, n. 1. The doing or performing of any
business ; management of any affair. 2. That which is
done ; an affair. — 3. In the civil law, an adjustment of a
dispute between parties by mutual agreement.
TRANS-A€T'OR, ?t. One who performs or conducts any
business. Verham.
TRANS-AL'PINE, a. [L. trans, and .Alpine.] Lying or be-
ing beyond the Alps in regard to Rome, that is, on the
north or west of the Alps.
TRANS- AN'1-MATE, r. t. [L. trans, a.nd animate.] To ani-
mate by the conveyance of a soul to another body.
TRANS-AN-I-Ma'TION, n. [L. trans and anima.'] Con-
veyance of the soul from one body to another ; transmi-
gration.
TRANS-AT-L ANTIC, a. [L. traits, and Atlantic] Lying
or being bevond the Atlantic.
TRANS-CEND', v. t. [L. transcendo.] 1. To rise above ;
to surmount. 2. To pass over ; to go beyond. 3. To sur-
pass ; to outgo • to excel ; to exceed.
t TRANS-CEND', v. i. To climb. Brown.
TRANS-CEND'ED, pp. Overpassed ; surpassed.
TRANS-CEND'ENCE )n. 1. Superior excellence ; super-
TRANS-CEND'EN-CY, \ eminence. 2. Elevation above
truth ; exaggeration.
TRANS-CEND'ENT, a. [L. transcendens.] Very excel-
lent ; superior or supreme in excellence ; surpassing oth-
TRANS-CEND-ENT'AL, a. Supereminent ; surpassing oth-
ers.
TRANS-CEND'ENT-LY, adv. Very excellently ; super-
eminently ; by way of eminence. South.
TRANS-CEND'ENT-NESS, n. Supereminence ; unusual
excellence. Montagu.
TRANSCO-LATE, t). t. [L. trans and colo.] To strain; to
cause to pass through a sieve or colander.
TRAN-SCRlBE', v. t. [L. transcribo.] To copy ; to write
over again or in the same words ; to write a copy of any
thing.
TRAN-SCRlB'ED, (tran-skribd') pp. Copied.
TRAN-S€RlB'ER, n. A copier; one who writes from a
copy. Addison.
TRAN-SCRlB'ING, ppr. Writing from a copy ; writing a
copy.
TRAN'SCRIPT, n. [L. trans criptum.] 1. A copy; a writ-
ing made from and according to an" original. 2. A copy
of any kind. Olanville.
TRAN-SCRIP'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of copying.
TRAN-S€RIPT'IVE-LY, adv. In manner of a copy.
Brown.
TRANS-CUR', V. i. [L. transcurro.l To run or rove to and
fro. [Little used.] Bacon.
TRANS-CUR'SION, n. A rambling or ramble ; a passage
beyond certain limits • extraordinary deviation.
TRANS-DUC'TION, n. [L. trans and duco.] The act of
conveving over. Entick.
TRANSE, n. Ecstasy. See Trakoe.
TRANS-EL-E-MEN-Ta'TION, 71. [L. trans, and element.]
The change of the elements of one body into those of an-
other; transubstantiation. Burnet.
TRAN'SEPT, n. [L. trans and septum.] In ancient churches,
the aisle extending across the nave and main a\sles.
TRANS-FER', v. t. [L. traiisfero.] 1. To convey from
one place or person to another ; to transport or remove
to another place or person. 2. To make over ; to pass ;
to convey, as a right, from one person to another ; to sell ;
to give.
TRANS'FER, n. 1. The removal or conveyance of a thing
from one place or person to another. 2. The convey-
ance of right, title or property, either real or personal,
from one person to another, either by sale, by gift or oth-
erwise.
TRANS-FER'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be transferred or con-
veyed from one place or person to another. 2. Negotia-
ble^ as a note.
PRANS-FER'RED, (trans-ferd') pp. Conveyed from one to
another
TRANS-FER-REE'j n. The person to whom a transfer is
made Hamilton.
TRANS-FER RER, n. One who makes a transfer or con-
veyance.
TRANS-FER'RING, ppr. Removing from one place or per-
son to another ; conveying to another, as a right.
TRANS-FIG-UR-A'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. A change of form ;
particularly, the supernatural change in the personal ap-
pearance of our Savior o n Ifafe ^ount. See Matt. xvii.
2. A feast held by the Roa|Pffehurch, on the 6th of Au-
gust, in commemoration ofrhe miraculous change above
mentioned
TRANS-FIG'URE, v. t. [L. trans andfi^ura : Fr. transfig-
urer ] To transform ; to change the outward form.
TRANS-FIG' URED, pp. Changed in form.
TRANS-FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Transforming; changing the
external form.
TRANS-FIX', V. t. [L. transfixus, transfigo.] To pierce
through, as with a pointed weapon. Dryden.
TRANS-FIX'ED, (trans-fixf) pp. Pierced through.
TRANS-FIX'ING, ppr. Piercing through.
TRANS-FORM', v. t. [Fr. transformer.] 1. To change the
form of ; to change the shape or appearance ; to metamor-
phose. 2. To change one substance into another; to
transmute. — 3 In theology, to change the natural disposi-
tion and temper. Rom. xii. 4. To change the elements, bread
and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ. — 5. Among the
mystics, to change the contemplative soul into a divine
substance, by which it is lost or swallowed up in the di-
vine nature. — 6. In algebra, to change an equation mto
another of a different form, but of equal value.
TRANS-FORM', v. i. To be changed in form ; to be meta-
morphosed. Addison.
TRANS-FOR-Ma'TION, 71. 1. The act or operation of
changing the form or external appearance. 2. Metamor-
phosis ; change of form in insects. 3. Transmutation ;
the change of one metal into another. 4. The change of
the soul into a divine substance, as among the mystics.
5. Transubstantiation. — 6. In theology, a change of heart
in man, by which his disposition and temper are conform-
ed to the divine image. — 7. In algebra, the change of an
equation into one of a different form, but of equal value
Cyc.
TRANS-FORM'ED, (trans-formd') pp. Changed in form or
external appearance ; metamorphosed ; transmuted.
TRANS-FORM'ING, ppr. i. Changing the form or exter-
nal appearance ; metamorphosing ; transmuting ; renew-
ing. 2. a. Effecting or able to effect a change of form or
state.
t TRANS-FREIGHT', (trans-frate') v. i. To pass over the
sea.
TRANS-FRE-Ta'TION, n. [L. trans and /return.] The
passing over a strait or narrow sea. [Little used.] Da-
vies.
t TRANS-FUND', v. t. [L. transfundo.] To tranfuse. Bar~
row.
TRANS-FuSE', v. t. [L. transfusus.] 1. To pour,
as liquor, out of one vessel into another. 2. To trans-
fer, as blood, from one animal to another. 3. To
cause to pass from one to another ; to cause to be instilled
or imbibed.
TRANS-FuS'ED, (trans-fuzd') pp. Poured from one vessel
into another.
TRANS-FuS'I-BLE, a. That may be transfused, &;c,
TRANS-FUS'ING, ppr. Pouring out of one vessel into an-
other ; transferring.
TRANS-Fu'SION, (trans-fii'zhun) n. 1. The act of pour-
ing, as liquor, out of one vessel into another. 2. The act
of transferring the blood of one animal into the vascular
system of another.
TRANS-GRESS', v. t. [Fr. transgresser : L. transgres-
sus.] ]. To pass over or beyond any limit; to surpass
— 2. In a moral sense, to overpsiss any nile prescribed
as the limit of duty ; to break or violate a law, civil or
moral.
TRANS-GRESS', v. i. To offend by violating a law ; to sin
1 Chron. ii.
TRANS-GRESS'ED, (trans-gresf) pp. Overpassed ; vio
lated.
TRANS-GRESS'ING, ppr. Passing beyond ; surpassing ,
violating ; sinning.
TRANS-GRES'SION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of passing over
or beyond any law or rule of moral duty ; the violation of
a law or known principle of rectitude ; breach of com-
mand. 2. Fault ; offense ; crime.
TRANS-GRES'SION-AL, a. That violates a law or rule of
duty.
TRANS-GRESS'IVE, a. Faulty; culpable; apt to trans-
gress. Brown.
TRANS-GRESS'OR, n. One who breaks a law or violates
a command ; one who violates any known rule or princi-
ple of rectitude ; a sinner.
t TRAN-SHaPE', v. t. [L. trans, and shape.] To transform
Shak.
TRAN-SHIP', -0 t. [L. traTJs, and sAzp.] To convey from one
ship to another ; a commercial word.
TRAN-SHIP'MENT, n. The act of transferring, as goods,
from one ship to another.
TRAN-SHIPTED, (tran-shipf) pp. Carried from one ship
to another.
TRAN-SHIP'PING, ppr. Carrying from one ship to an-
other.
TRAN'SIENT, (tran'shent) a. [L. transiens,] l^Passing ;
not stationary ; hence, of short duration ; not permanent :
not lasting or durable. 2. Hasty ; momentary ; imper
feet.
TRAN'SIENT-LY, (tran-shently) adv. In passage ; for o
short time ; not with continuance. Dryden.
See Sy
A, K, T, O, U, Y, loRg.—F.-i R ^ALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete.
TRA
801
TRA
TRAN'SIENT-NESS, n. Shortness of continuance ; speedy
passage.
TRAN-SIL I-ENCE, ) n. [L. transiliens ] A leap from
TRAN-SIL'I-EN-CY, j thing to thing. [L. u.] Glan-
vUle.
TRANS'IT, n. [L. transitus.\ 1. A passing ; a passing
over or through ; conveyance. — 2. In astronomy, the pass-
ing of one heavenly body over the disK of anotht r and
larger. 3. The passage of one heavenly body over the
meridian of anotlier.
TRANS'IT, V. t. To pass over the disk of a heavenly
body
TRANS'IT-Du-TY, n. A duty paid on goods that pass
through a country.
TRAN-SI"TION, (tran-sizh'un) n. [L. transitio.] 1. Pas-
sage from one place or state to another ; change. — 2. In
rhetoric, a passing from une subject to another. — 3. In
music, a change of key from major to minor, or the con-
trary. — Transition rocks, in geology, rocks supposed to
have been formed when the world was passing from an
uninhabitable to a habitable state.
TRAN-Sl"TION-AL, (tran-sizh'un-al) a. Pertaining to
transition. Christian Spectator.
TRANS'I-TlVE, a. 1. Having the powerof passing.— 2. In
grammar, a transitive verb is one which is or may be fol-
lowed bv an object.
TRANS'I-TO-RI-LY, adv. With short continuance.
TRANS'I-TO-RI-NESS, n. A passing with short continu-
ance ; speedy departure or evanescence.
TRANS'I-TO-RY, a. [L. transitorius .] I. Passing with-
out continuance ; continuing a short time j fleeting ; speed-
ily vanishing. — 2. In law, atraiisitory action is one which
may be brought in any county, as actions for debt, deti-
nue, slander, and the like.
TRANS-La'TA-BLE, a. [from translate.] Capable of being
translated or rendered into another language.
TRANS-LaTE', -w. f. [I^. trauslatus.] 1. To bear, carry or
remove from one place to another. 2. To remove or convey
toheaven,asahumanbeing,withoutdeath. 3. Totransfer j
to convey from one to another. 2 Sam. iii. 4. To cause to re-
move from one pari: of tlie body to another. 5. To change.
6. To interpret ; to render into another language ; to ex-
press the sense of one language in the words of another.
7. To explain.
TRANS-LaT'ED, pp. Conveyed from one place to anoth-
er ; removed to heaven without dying ; rendered into an-
other language.
TRANS-LaT'ING, ppr. Conveying or removing from
one place to another ; interpreting in another language.
TRANS-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. translatio.] 1. The act of
removing or conveying from one place to another ; re-
moval. 2. The removal of a bishop from one see to an-
other. 3. The removal of a person to heaven without
subjecting him to death. 4. The act of turning into an-
other language ; interpretation. 5. That which is produ-
ced by turning into another language ; a version.
TRANS-La'TIVE, a. Taken from others.
TRANS-La'TOR, 71. One who renders into another lan-
guage ; bne who expresses the sense of words in one lan-
guage by equivalent words in another.
* TRANS'LA-TO-RY, a. Transferring ; serving to trans-
late.
TRANS-Ll'TRESS, n. A female translator.
TRANS-LO-€a'TION, n. [L. trans and locatio, loco.] Re-
moval of things reciprocally to each other's places ; or
rather substitution of one thing for anothf
TRANS-Lu'CEN-CY, n. [L. translucens.] 1. The proper-
ty of admitting rays of light to pass thn jgh, but not so
•dn to render objects distinguishable. 2. "^ 'ransparency.
TRANS-LU'CENT, a. 1. In mineralogy, tiransmitting rays
of light, but not so as to render objects ''istinctly visible.
2. Transparent ; clear.
TRANS-LU'CID, a. [L. translucidus.] Transparent ; clear.
TRANS-MA-RINE', a. [L. transmarinus.] Lying or being
beyond the sea. Howell.
f TRANS-MEW, v. t. [Fr. transmuer ; L. transmuto.] To
transmute ; to transform ; to metamorphose.
TRANS'MI-GRANT, a. Migrating; passing into another
country or state for residence, or int6 another form or
body.
TRANS'MI-GRANT, w. 1, One who migrates, or leaves his
r^wn country and passes into another for settlement. 2.
One who passes into another state or body.
TRANS'MI-GRATE, v. i. [L. transmigro.] 1. To migrate ;
to pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the
purpose of residing in it, as men or families. 2. To pass
from one body into another.
TRANS'MI-GRA-TING, ppr. Passing from one country,
state or body into another.
TRANS-MI-GRa'TION, n. 1. The passing of men from
one country to another for the purpose of residence, par-
ticularly of a whole people. 2. The passing of a thing
into another state, as of one substance into another. 3
The passing of the soul into another body, according to
the opinion of Pythagoras.
TRANS'MI-GRA-TOR, ji. One who transmigrates. Ellis
TRANS-Mi'GRA-TO-RY, a. Passing from one place, body
or state to another. Faber.
TRANS-MIS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [from transmissible.] The
quality of being transmissible.
TRANS-MIS'SI-BLE, a. 1. That may be transmitted or
passed from one to another. 2. That may he transmitted
through a transparent body.
TRANS-MIS'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. transmissio.] 1. The act
of sending from one place or person to another. 2. The
passing of a substance through any body, as of light through
glass,
TRANS-MIS'SIVE, a. Transmitted ; derived from one to
another. Prior.
TRANS-MIT', V. t. [L. transmitto.] 1. To send from one
person or place to another. 2. To suffer to pass through
TRANS-MIT'TAL, n. Transmission. Swift.
TRANS-MIT'TED, pp. Sent from one person or place to
another; caused or suffered to pass through.
TRANS-MIT'TER, n. One who transmits.
TRANS-MIT'TI-BLE, a. That may be transmitted.
TRANS-MIT'TING, ppr. Sending from one person or place
to another ; suffering to pass through.
TRANS-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of change into
another nature or substance.
TRANS-MtJ'TA-BLE, a. Capable of being changed into a
different substance, or into something of a different form
or nature.
TRANS-Mu'TA-BLY, adv. With capacity of being changed
into another substance or nature.
TRANS-MU-Ta'TION, 71. [L. transmutatio.] 1. The
change of any thing into another substance, or into some-
thing of a different nature. — 2. In chemistry, the transmu-
tation of one substance into another is very easy and com-
mon, as of water into gas or vapor, and of gases into wa-
ter. — 3. In geometry, the change or reduction of one figure
or body into another of the same area or solidity, but of a
diflerent form, as of a triangle into a square. 4. The
change of colors, as in the case of a decoction of the ne-
phritic wood. — 5. In the vegetable economy, the change of
a plant into another form.
TRANS-MuTE', v. t. [L. transmuto.] To change from one
nature or substance into another.
TRANS-MuT'ED, pp. Changed into another substance or
nature.
TRANS-MuT'ER, n. One that transmutes.
TRANS-MuT'ING, ppr. Changing or transforming into an-
other nature or substance.
TRAN'SoM, n. [L. transenna.] 1. A beam or timber ex-
tended across the stern-post of a ship, to strengthen the
aft-part and give it due form. — 2. In architecture, the piece
that is framed across a double light window ; or a lintel
over a door ; the vane of a cross-staff.
TRANS'PA-DANE, a. [L. trans and Padus, the river Po.]
Being beyond the river Po. Stephens.
TRANS-PaR'EN-CY, (trans-pair'en-sy) n. That state or
property of a body by which it suffers rays of light to pass
through it, so that objects can be distinctly seen through
it ; diaphaneity.
TRANS-PaR'ENT, (trans-pair'ent) a. [Fr. ; L. trans and
pareo.] 1. Having the property of transmitting rays of
light so that bodies can be distinctly seen through ; pervi-
ous tc light ; diaphanous ; pellucid. 2. Admitting the
passage of light ; open ; porous.
TRANS-PaR'ENT-LY, (trans-pair'ent-ly) adv. Clearly ; so
as to be seen through.
TRANS-PaR'ENT-NESS, (trans-pair'ent-nes) n. The
quality of being transparent ; transparency.
t TRANS-PASS', V. t. [L. trans, and pass.] To pass over.
t TRANS-PASS', V. i. To pass by or away. Daniel.
TRAN-SPI€'U-OUS, a. [L. tra7is and specie] Transparent;
pervious to the sight. Milton.
t TRANS-PIERCE', (trans-pers') v. t. [See * Pierce. Fr.
transpcrcer.] To pierce through ; to ijenetrate ; to perme-
ate ; to pass through.
TRANS-PIER'CED, (trans-persf) pp. Pierced through ;
penetrated,.
TRANS-PIER'CING, (trans-pers'ing) ppr. Penetrating;
passing through.
TRANS-Pl'RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; from transpire.] Capable of
being emitted through pores.
TRANS-PI Ra'TTON, n. [Fr.] The act or process of
passing off through the pores of the skin ; cutaneous ex-
halation.
TRANS-PiRE', V. t. [Fr. transpirer ; L. transpiro.] To
emit through the pores of the skin ; to send off in vapor.
TRANS-PIRE', V. i. 1. To be emitted through the pores of
the skin ; to exhale ; to pass off in insensible perspiration.
2. To escape from secrecy ; to become public. 3. To
happen or come to pass.
TRANS-PIR'ING, ppr. Exhaling ; passing off in insensible
perspiration ; becoming public.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE - BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tkia. f Obsolete
TRA
852
TRA
TRx^NS-PLaCE^, v. t. [L. traits, and place.] To remove ;
to put in a new place. Little used.] Wilkins.
TRANS-PLANT', v. t. [Fr. transplanter.] 1. To remove
and plant in another place. 2. To remove and settle or
establish for residence in another place. 3. To remove.
TRANS-PLAN-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of transplanting ;
the removal of a plant or of a settled inhabitant to a differ-
ent place for growth or residence. 2. Removal ; convey-
ance from one to another.
TRANS-PLANT'ED, pp. Removed and planted or settled
in another place.
TRANS-PLANT'ER, n. 1. One who transplants. 2. A
machine for transplanting trees.
TRANS-PLANT'ING, ppr Removing and planting or set-
tling in another place.
TRAN SPLEND'EN-CY, n. [L. trans and splendens.] Su-
pereminent splendor. More.
TRAN-SPLEND'ENT, a. Resplendent in the highest de-
gree
TRAN-SPLEND'ENT-LY, adv. With eminent splendor.
TRANS-PoRT', v.t. [L. transporto.] 1. To carry or con-
vey from one place to another. 2. To carry into banish-
ment, as a criminal. 3. To hurry or carry away by vio-
lence of passion. 4. To ravish with pleasure ; to bear
away the soul in ecstasy. 5. To remove from one place
to another, as a ship.
TRANS'PoRT, n. 1. Transportation ; carriage ; convey-
ance. 2. A ship or vessel employed for transporting. 3.
Rapture ; ecstasy. 4. A convict transported or sentenced
to exile.
TRANS-PoRT'A-BLE, a. That may be transported.
t TRANS-PoRT'ANCE, n. Conveyance. Shak.
TRANS-POR-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of carrying or con-
veying from one place to another, either on beasts or in
vehicles, by land or water, or in air. 2. Banishment
for felony. 3. Transmission ; conveyance. 4. Trans-
port ; ecstasy ; [I. u.] 5. Removal from one country to
another.
TRANS-PoRT'ED, pp. Carried ; conveyed ; removed ; rav-
ished with delight.
TRANS-PoRT'ED-LY, adv.. In a state of rapture.
TRANS-PoRT'ElJ-NESS, n. A state of rapture. Bp. Hall.
TRANS-PoRT'ER, n. One who transports or removes.
TRANS-PoRT'ING, ppr. 1. Conveying or carrying from
one place to another; removing; banishing for a crime.
2. a. Ravishing with delight; bearing away the soul in
pleasure ; ecstatic.
TRANS-PoRT'MENT, n. Transportation. [Little used.]
Hall.
TRANS-Po'SAL, n. The act of changing the places of
things, and putting each in the place which was before
occupiedjjv the other.
TRANS-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. transposer.] 1. To change the
place or order of things by putting each in the place of the
other. 2. To put out of place.— 3. In algebra, to bring
any term of an equation over to the other side. — 4. In
grammar, to change the natural order of words. — 5. In
music, to_change the key.
TRANS-PoS'ED, (trans-pdzd') pp. Being changed in place,
and one put in the place of the other.
TRANS-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Changing the place of things, and
putting each in the place of the other. 2. Bringing any
term of an equation over to the other side. 3. Changing
the natural order of words.
TRANS-PO-Sl"TION, n. [Fr. ; L. transpositio.] 1. A
changing of the places of things, and putting each in the
place before occupied by the other. 2. The state of being
reciprocally changed in place. — 3. In algebra, the bring-
ing of any term of an equation to the other side. — 4. In
grammar, a change of the natural order of words in a sen-
tence. — 5. In music, a change in the composition, either
in the transcript or the performance, by which the whole
is removed into another key. Busby.
TRANS-'PO-Si"TION-AL, a. Pertaining to transposition.
Pegge.
TRANS-POS'I-TIVE, a. Made by transposing ; consisting
in transposition.
TRAN-SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. t. [Fr. transubstantier.] To
change to another substance.
TRAN-SUB-STAN-TI-A'TION, n. Change of substance.—
In the Romish theology, the supposed conversion of the
bread and wine in the eucharist into the body and blood
of Christ.
TRAN-SUB-STAN-TI-A TOR, n. One who maintains the
popish doctrine of transubstantiation. Barrow.
TRAN-SU-Da'TION, 71. The act or process of passing off
through the pores of a substance.
TRAN-Su'DA-TO-RY, a. Passing by transudation.
TRAN-SuDE', v. i. [L. trans and sudo.] To pass through
the pores or interstices of texture, as perspirable matter.
TRAN-SuD'ING, ppr. Passing through the pores of a sub-
stance, as sweat or other fluid.
TRAN-SuME', V. t. [L. transumo ] To take from one to
another. [Little used ]
f TRAN-SUMPT', n. A copy or exemplification of a rec
ord.
TRAN-SUMP'TIOF, n. The act of taking from one place
to another. [Little used.] South.
TRANS-VEC'TION, n. [L. transvectio.] The act of con-
veying or carrying over.
TRANS-VERS'AL, a. [Fr.; L. trans and versus.] Running
or lying across ; as, a transversal line. Hale.
TRANS- VERS'AL-LY, adv. In a direction crosswise.
TRANS-VERSE', (trans-vers') a. [L. tran^-versus.] 1 Ly-
ing or being across or in a cross direction. — 2. In botany,
a transverse partition, in a pericarp, is at right angles with
the valves, as in a silique.
TRANS'VERSE, n. The longer axis of an ellipse.
TRANS-VERSE', (trans-vers') v. t. To overturn. [L. u.]
TRANS-VERSE'LY, adv In a cross direction. Stilling-
fieet.
TRAN'TERS, n. plu. Men who carry fish from the sea-
coast to sell in the inland countries. Bailey.
TRAP, n. [Sax. trapp, trepp ; Fr. trape ; It. trapola.] 1.
An engine that shuts suddenly or with a spring, used for
taking game. 2. An engine for catching men. 3. An
ambush ; a stratagem ; any device by which men or other
animals may be caught unawares. 4. A play in which a
ball is driven with a stick.
TRAP, 7?. [Sw. trappa ; Dan. trappe.] In mineralogy, a
name given to rocks characterized by a columnar form,
or whose strata or beds have the form of steps or a series
of stairs.
TRAP, V. t. 1. To catch in a trap ; as, to trap foxes or
beaver. 2. To insnare ; to take by stratagem. 3. To
adorn ; to dress with ornaments ; [the verb is little used.]
TRAP, V. i. To set traps for game.
TRA-PAN', V. t. [Sax. treppan.] To insnare ; to catch by
stratagem. South.
TRA-PAN', n. A snare ; a stratagem.
TRA-PAN'NER, n. One who insnareg.
TRA-PAN'NING, ppr. Insnaring.
TRAP'-DoOR, n. [trap and door.] A door in a floor, which
shuts close like a valve. Ray.
TRAPE, V. i. To traipse ; to walk carelessly and sluttishly
[JVut much used.]
TRaPE^. 71. A slattern ; an idle, sluttish woman.
TRA-Pe'ZI-AN, a. In cry sialography, having the lateral
planes composed of trapeziums situated in two ranges,
between two bases.
TRA-Pe'ZI-FORM, a. Having the form of a trapezium.
TRA-PE-ZI-IIE'DRON, n. [L. trapezium, and Gr. iSpa.] A
solid bounded by twenty-four equal and similar trapezi-
ums.
TRA-Pe'ZI-UM, 71.,- plu. Trapezia, or Trapeziums. ['L.^
1. In geometry, a plane figure contained under four une-
qual right lines, none of them parallel.— 2. In anatomy, a
bone of the carpus.
TRAP-E-ZOID', 71. [L. trapezium, and Gr. eiSog.] An ir-
regular solid figure having four sides, no two of which
are parallel to each other ; also, a plane, four-sided fig-
ure having two of the opposite sides parallel to each
other.
TRAP-E-ZOID'AL, a. 1. Having the form of a trapezoid.
2. Having the surface composed of twenty-four trapezi-
ums, all equal and similar.
TRAP'PINGS, 71. plu. [from trap.] 1. Ornaments of horse
furniture. 2. Ornaments; dress, external and superfi-
cial decorations.
TRAP'POUS, a. Pertaining to trap; resembling trap, or
partaking of its form or qualities. Kirwan.
TRAP'-STICK, 71. A stick with which boys drive a wood-
en ball ; hence, a slender leg. Jiddison.
TRAP'-TUFF, 71. Masses of basalt, amygdaloid, homblend,
sandstones, &c., cemented. Ure.
TRASH, 71. 1. Any waste or worthless matter. 2. Ix)p-
pings of trees ; bruised canes, &c. 3. Fruit or other mat-
ter improper for food, but eaten by children, &;c. 4. A
worthless person ; [not proper.] 5. A piece of leatlier
or other thing fastened to a dog's neck to retard his
speed.
TRASH, v.t. 1. To lop ; to crop. Warburton. 2. To strip
of leaves. 3. To crush ; to humble. 4. To clog; to en-
cumber ; to hinder.
TRASH, V. i. To follow with violence and trampling
TRASH'Y, a. Waste ; rejected ; worthless ; useless.
TRASS, 71. Pumiceous conglomerate, a volcanic production ;
a gray or yellowish porous substance.
TRAU'LISM, n. A stammering.
TRAU-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. rpavfia.] 1. Pertaining to or ap-
plied to wounds. Coxe. 2. Vulnerary ; adapted to the
cure of wounds.
TRAU-MAT'I€, n. A medicine useful in the cure of
vrounds.
TRAVAIL, (trav'el) v. i. [Fr. travailler.] 1. To labM
with pain ; to toil. 2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth ,
to be in labor. Oen. xxxv.
* See Synopm. 5, E, T, 0, V, Y, long.~FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR^Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BJRD;— f Obsolete.
TRE
853
TRE
f TRAVAIL, '0. t. To harass ; to tire. Hayward.
TRAV'AIJj, n. 1. Labor with pain ; severe toil 5 [065.] 2.
Labor in childbirth ; as, a severe travail.
TRAV'AIL-ING, vpr. Laboring with toil ; laboring in
childbirth. Is. xlii.
TRAVE, or TRAVIS, n. [Sp. traha; Fr. entraves.] 1. A
wooden frame to confine a horse while the smith is set-
ting his shoes. 2. Beam ; a lay of joists ; a traverse.
TRAVEL, V, i. [a diflferent orthography and application of
travail.'^ 1. To walk ; to go or march on foot. 2. To
journey ; to ride to a distant place in the same country.
3. To go to a distant country, or to visit foreign states or
kingdoms, either by sea or land. 4. To pass ; to go ; to
move. 5. To labor; [see Travail.] 6. To move, walk
or pass, as a beast, a horse, ox or camel.
TRAVEL, V. t. 1. To pass; to journey over. 2. To force
to journey ; [o&s.]
TRAVEL, n. 1. A passing on foot ; a walking. 2. Jour-
ney ; a passing or riding from place to place.— 3. Travel,
or travels, a journeying to a distant country or countries.
4. The distance which a man rides in the performance of
his official duties ; or the fee paid for passing that dis-
tance. U. States. — 5. Travels, in tlie plural, an account
of occurrences and observations made duritig a jouruey.
6. Labor; toil; labor in childbirth ; see Travail.
TRAV ELED, ;»;>. 1. Gained or made by travel; [unusual.']
Q^jiart. Rev. 2. a. Having made journeys. Wotton.
TRAVEL-ER, n. 1. One who travels in any way. Job
xxxi. 2. One who visits foreign countries. — 3. In ships,
an iron thimble or thimbles with a rope spliced round
them, forming a kind of tail or a species of grommet.
TRAVEL-ING, ppr. 1. Walking ; going ; making a jour-
ney. Matt. XXV. 2. a. Incurred by travel. 3. Paid for
travel.
t TRAVEL-TaINT-ED, a. [travelandi tainted.] Harassed ;
fatigued with travel. Shak.
t TRAVERS, ad?;. [Fr. See Traverse.] Across ; athwart.
Shak.
TRAVERS-A-BLE, a. [See Traverse, in Zaio.] That may
be traversed or denied.
* TRAVERSE, adv. [Fr. a travers.] Athwart ; cross-
wise.
* TRAVERSE, prep. Through crosswise. [Little used.]
TRAVERSE, a. [Fr. traverse ; L. transversus.] Lying
across ; being in a direction across something else.
TRAVERSE, n. 1. Any thing laid or built across. 2.
Something that thwarts, crosses or obstructs ; a cross ac-
cident. — 3. In fortification, a trench with a little parapet
for protecting men on the flank ; also, a wall raised across
a work. — 4. In navigation, frazjerse-sailing is the mode of
computing the place of a ship by reducing several short
courses, made by sudden shifts or turns, to one longer
course.— 5. In law, a denial of what the opposite party
has advanced in any stage of the pleadings. 6. A turn-
ing ; a trick.
TRAVERSE, v. t. 1. To cross ; to lay in a cross direction.
2. To cross by way of opposition ; to thwart ; to obstruct.
3. To wander over ; to cross in traveling. 4. To pass
over and view ; to survey carefully. 5. To tui-n and
point in any direction. 6. To plane in a direction across
the grain of the wood. — 7. In law pleadings, to deny what
the opposite party has alledged.
TRAVERSE, v. i. 1. In fencing, to use the posture or mo-
tions of opposition or counteraction. 2. To turn, as on a
pivot ; to move round ; to swivel. — 3. In the manege, to
cut the tread crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup
to one side and his head to the other.
TRAVERSE-BoARD, 71. [traverse and board.] In a ship,
a small board to be hung in the steerage, and bored full
of holes upon lines, showing the points of compass up-
on it.
TRAVERSE-Ta-BLE, n. In navigation, a table of differ-
ence of latitude and departure.
TR A VERS-ER, n. A term in laic, for one Who traverses or
opposes a plea.
TRAVERS-ING, pjjr. Crossing; passing over; thwarting;
turning; denying.
TRAVES-TIED, pp. Disguised by dress ; turned into ridi-
cule.
TRAVES-TIN, n. [It. travestino.] A kind of white spongy
stone found in Italy. Ed. Encijc.
TRAVES-TY, a. Havhig an unusual dress ; disguised by
dress so as to be ridiculous.
TRAVES-TY, n. A parody ; a burlesque translation of a
woik.
TRAVES-TY, v. t. [Fr. travestir ; It. travestire.] To trans-
late into such language as to render ridiculous or ludi-
crous.
TRAY, n. [Sw.trag; Sax. trog ; Dan. trug.] A small
trough or wooden vessel, used for domestic purposes.
TRaY'-TRIP, n. A kind of play. Shak.
t TReACH'ER, TReACH'ET-OUR, or TREACH'OUR, n.
[Fr tricheur.] A traitor. Spenser.
TREACH'ER-OUS, (trech'er-us) c. Violating allegiance or
faith pledged ; faithless ; traitorous to the state o» aove-
reign ; perfidious in private life ; betraying a trust
TREACH'ER-OUS-LY, (trech'er-us-ly) adv. By violating
allegiance or faith pledged ; by betraying a trust ; faith-
lessly ; perfidiously.
TREACH'ER-OUS-NESS, (trech'er-us-nes) 71. Breach of
allegiance or of faith ; faithlessness ; perfidiousness.
TREACH'ER-Y, (trech'er-y) n. [Fr. tricheric.] Violation of
allegiance or of faitli and confidence.
TPi-EA'CLE, 71. [Fr. theriaque ; It. teriaca ; Sp. triaca ; L
theriaca.] 1. The spume of sugar in sugar refineries. 2.
A saccharine fluid, consisting of the inspissated juices or
decoctions of certain vegetables, as the sap of the birch,
sycamore, &c. 3. A medicinal compound of vaiious in-
gredients ; see Theriaca.
TReA'CLE-MUST'ARD, n. A plant of the genus thlaspi
TReA'CLE-VVA'TER, n. A compound cordial.
TREAD, {tred)"v. i. ; pret. trod ; pp. trod, trodden. [Sax
tradan, tredan ; Goth, trudan ; D. treedeu.] I. To set the
foot. 2. To walk or go. 3. To walk with form or state.
4. To copulate, as fowls. — To tread or tread on, to tram-
ple ; to set the foot on in contempt.
TREAD, (Ued) v. t. 1. To step or walk on. 2. To press
under the feet. 3. To beat or press with the feet. 4. To
walk in a formal or stately manner. 5. To crush under
the foot ; to trample in contempt or hatred, or to cubdue.
Ps.xhv. Ix. 6. To compress, as a fowl.
TREAD, (tred) n. I. A step or stepping ; pressure with the
foot. 2. Way ; track ; path ; [I. v..] 3. Compression of
the male fowl. 4. Manner of stepping
TREAD'ER, (tred'er) n. One who treads. Is. xvi.
TREAD'ING, (tred'ing) ppr. Stepping ; pressing with the
foot ; walking on.
TREAD'LE, or TRED'DLE, n. 1. The part of a loom or
other machine which is moved by the tread or foot. 2.
The albuminous cords which unite the yelk of the egg to
the_white.
jTReAGUE, (treeg) n. [Goth, triggwa ; It. tregua ; Ice
tri_gd.] A truce. Spenser.
TReA'SON, (tre'zn) n. [Fr. trahison.] Treason is the
highest crime of a civil nature of which a man can be
guilty. In general, it is the offense of attempting to over-
throw the government of the state to which the offender
owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into the hands
of a foreignpower. — Treason, in Great Britain, is of two
kinds, high treason and petit treason. High treason is a
crime that immediately affects the king or state. — Petit
treason involves a breach of fidelity, but affects individ-
uals.
TReA'SON-A-BLE, (tre'zn-a-bl) a. Pertaining to treason ;
consisting of treason ; involving the crime of treason, or
partaking of its guilt.
TReA'SON-A-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality of being
treasonable. Jlsh.
t TRiSA'i50N-OUS, for treasonable.
TREAS'URE, (trezh'ur) n. [Fr. tresor ; Sp., It. tesauro.] I.
Wealth accumulated ; particularhj, a stock or store of
money in reserve. 2. A great quantity of any thing col-
lected for future use. 3. Something very much valued.
Ps. cxxxv. 4. Great abundance.
TREAS'URE, (trezh'ur) v. t. To hoard ; to collect and re-
posit, either money or other things, for future use; to
lav up.
TREAS'URE-CIT-Y, (trezh'ur-sit-y) ?i. A city for stores
and magazines. Ex. i.
TREAS'URED, (trezh'urd) a»- Hoarded ; laid up for future
use.
TREAiS'URE-HOUSE, (trezto'ur-house) v. A house or
building where treasures and stores are kept. Taylor.
TREAS'UR-ER, (trezh ur-er) n. One who has the care of a
treasure or treasury ; an officer who receives the public
money arising from taxes and duties or other sources of
revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it upon
orders drawn by the proper authority.
TREAS'UR-ER-SHIP, (trezh'ur-er-ship) n. The office of
treasurer.
TREAS'UR-ESS, (trezh'ur-es) n. A female who has charge
of a treasure. Bering.
TREAS'URE-TROVE, (trezh'ur-trove) n [treasure, and
Fr. trouve.] Any money, bullion and the like, found in
the earth, the owner of which is not known. Eng. Late.
TREASUR-Y, (trezh'ur-y) n. 1. A place or building in
which stores of wealth are reposited ; particularly, a place
where the public revenues are deposited and kept. 2. A
building appropriated for keeping public money. John viii.
3. The officer or officers of the treasury department. 4.
A repository of abundance. Ps. cxxxv.
TREAT, V. t. [Fr. trailer ; It. trattare ; Sp. tratar ; L. trac-
to ; Sax. trahtian.] 1. To handle ; to manage ; to use. 2.
To discourse on. 3. To handle in a particular manner, in
writing or speakmg. 4. To entertain without expense to
the guest. 5. To negotiate ; to settle ; [obs.] 6. To
manage in the application of remedies.
TREAT, v.i. 1. To discourse; to handle in writing 01
' See Sjjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — C as K : 6 a.s J ; S as Z ; CH a« SH ; TH as in this, f Ohsolet"
TRE
854
TRE
managed ; used ; discoursed
speaking ; lo make discussions. 2. To come to terms of
accommodation. 3. To make gratuitous entertainment.
TREAT, n. 1. An entertainment given. 2. Something
given for entertainment. — 3. Emphatically, a rich enter-
tainment.
t TREAT' A-BLE, a. Moderate ; not violent. Temple.
t TREAT' A-BLY, adv. Moderately. Hooker.
TReAT'ED, pp. Handled
on; entertained.
TReAT'ER, n. One that treats ; one that handles or dis-
cqiirses on ; one that entertains.
TRe AT ilNG, ppr. Handling; managing; using; discours-
ing on ; entertaining.
TReAT iSE, 71. [L. tractatTis.] A tract ; a vv'ritten compo-
sition on a particular subject, in which the principles of it
arejliscussed or explained.
fTREAT'IS-ER, n. One vpho writes a treatise. Featley.
TReAT'MENT, 71. [Fr. traitemcnt.] 1. Management;
manipulation ; manner of mixing or combining, of de-
composing, and the like. 2. Usage ; manner of using ;
good or bad behavior towards. 3. Planner of applying
remedies to cure ; mode or Qourse pursued to check and
de_stroy. 4. Manner of applying remedies to.
TReAT'Y, n. [Ft. traite : It. trattato.] I. Negotiation ;
act of treating for the adjustment of differences, or for
forming an agreement. 2. An agreement, league or con-
tract between two or more nations or sovereigns. 3. En-
treaty ; lohs ] Shak.
TReAT'Y-MaK-ING, a. The trea«y-77iaA;i7i^ power is lodged
in the executive government.
*TREB'LE, (trib'l) a. [Fr. fTnpZe ,• l.. triplex.] 1. Three-
fold ; triple. — 2. In music, acute ; sharp. 3. That plays
the higliest part or most acute sounds ; that plays the
treble.
* TREB'LE, (trib'l) 7i. In music, the part of a symphony
whose sounds are highest or most acute.
* TREB'LE, (trib'l) v.t. llj.tripUco : Fr. tripler.] To make
thrice as much ; to make throefold.
* TREB'LE, (trib 1) v. i. To became threefold.
* TREB'LE-NESS, (trib'1-nes) -n. The state of being treble.
* TREBLY, (tribiy) adv. In a threefold number or
quantity.
TRE-BU€K'tT, n. A cucking-stool ; a tumbrel.
TREE, n. [Sax. treo, treow ; Dan. tree; Sw. tra.] 1 The
general name of the largest of the vegetable kind, consist-
ing of a firm woody stem, springing from woody roots,
and spreading above Into branches which terminate in
leaves. 2. Something resembhng a tree, consisting of a
stem, or stalk, and branches.— 3. In ship-building, pieces
of timber are called chess-trees, cross-trees, roof-trees,
tressel-trees, &c. — 4. In Scripture, a cross, jicts x. 5.
Wood; [obs.] Wicliffe.
TREE'-FROG, 71. [tree ^nAfrotr.'] A species of frog.
TREE'-6ER-MAN'DER, n. A plant.
TREE'-LOUSE, n. An insect of the senus avliis.
TREE'-MOSS, 7!. A species of lichen. Cijc.
fTREEN, a. Wooden ; made of wood. Camden.
t TREEJSr,_7i. TJie old plural of tree. B. Jonson.
TREE'-NaIL, 7i. [tree and Jiail ; commonly pronounced
trunnel.] A long wooden pin, used in fastening the
planks of a ship to the timbers.
TREE'-OF-LlFE, 7i. An evergreen tree of the genus thuja.
TREE'-ToAD, v. [tree and toad.] A small species of toad
in North America, found on trees.
TRe'FOIL, n. [Fr. trefle ; L. trifolium.] The common name
for many plants. Cyc.
TREIL'LAgE, (trel'laj) n. [Fr,] In gardening, a sort of
rail- work, consisting of light posts and' rails.
TREL'LIS, n. [Fr. treillis.] In gardening, a structure or
frame of cross-barred work, or lattice work, used like the
treillage for supportijig plants.
TREL'LiSED, a. Having a trellis or trellises. Her''"'rt.
TREM'BLE, v. i. [Fr. trembler : L. treirw.] 1. To shake
involuntarily, as with fear, cold or weakness ; to quake ;
to quiver ; to shiver ; to shudder. 2. To shake ; to quiver ;
to totter. 3. To quaver ; to shake, as sound.
TREM'BLE-MENT, n. In French music, a trill or shake.
TREM'BI-ER, n. One that trembles.
TREM'BLING, ppr. Shaking, as with fear, cold or weak-
ness ; quaking ; shivering.
TREM'BLING-LY, adv. So as to shake ; with shivering or
quaking. Shak.
TREM'BLING-POP-LAR, n. The aspen-tree.
TRE-ME^' DOUS, a. [L. tremendus.] 1. Such as may ex-
cite feat or terror ; terrible ; dreadful. 2. Violent ; such
as may astonish by its force and violence.
TRE-]MEN'DOUS-LY, adv. In a manner to terrify or aston-
ish ; with great violence.
TRE-MEN'DOUS-NESS, v. The state or quality of being
tremendous, terrible or violent.
TREM'O-LITE, n. A mineral, so called from Tremola, a
valley in the Alps, wJiere it was discovered.
TRe'MOR, 71. [L.] An involuntary trembling; a shivering
or shaking ; a quivering or \ibratory motion.
TREM'U-LOUS, a. [L. tremulus.] 1. Trembling ; affected
with fear or timidity. 2. Shaking ; shivering •, quivermg
TREM'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With quivering or trepidation.
TREM'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of trembling.
TREN, 71. A fish spear.
TRENCH, V. t. [Fr. trancher ; It. tri.nciare.] 1. To cut or
dig, as a ditch, a channel for water, or a long Ijollow in
tlie earth. 2. To fortify by cutting a ditch and raising a
rampart or breast-work of earth thrown out of the ditch
3. To furrow ; to form with deep furrows by ploughing
4. To cut a long gash ; [obs.]
TRENCH, V. i. To encroach. See Entrench.
TRENCH, n. 1. A long, narrow cut in the earth ; a ditch
— 2. In fortification, a deep ditch cut for defense, or to in-
terrupt the approach of an enemy.— To open the trenches,
to begin to dig, or to form the lines of approach.
TREINCH'ANT, c. [Fi.tranchant.] Cutting ; sharp. [L. u."
TRENCHED, pp. Cut into long hollows or ditches.
TRENCH'ER, n. [Fr. trajichoir.] 1. A wooden plate. 9
The table. 3. Food ; pleasures of the table.
TRENCH'ER-FLY, 7*. [trencher and fly.] One that haunts
the tables of others ; a parasite. L'Estrange.
TRENCH'ER-FRIEND, n. [trencher and frieyid.] One who
fj-equents the tables of others ; a spunger.
TRENCH'ER-MAN, 71. [trencher and man.] 1. A feeder;
a great eater. Shak. 2. A cook; [obs.]
TRENCH ER-M ATE, 71. A table companion ; a parasite.
TRENCH'ING, ppr. Cutting into trenches ; digging.
TRENCH'-FLOUGH, 71. A kind of plough for opening land
to a greater depth than that of common furrows.
TRENCH -PLOUGH, 7;. t. [trench and plough.] To plough
with deep furrows.
TRENCH'-PLOUGH-ING, ti. The practice or operation of
ploughing with deep furrows. Cyc.
TREND, r. i. To run ; to stretch ; to tend ; to have a par-
ticular direction.
TREND, 7). That part of the stock of an anchor from which
the size is taken. Cyc.
TREND, V. t. In rural economy, to free wool from Its filth.
[Local.] Cyc.
TREND'ER, 7i. One whose business is to free wool from
its filth. [Local] Cyc.
TRENDING, ppr. 1. Running; tending. 2. Cleaning
wool ; [local.]
TREND'ING, n. The operation of freeing wool from filth
of various kinds. Cyc.
TREN'DLE, 71. [Sax. trendel.] Any thing round used in
turning or rolling ; a little wheel.
TREN'TAL, ^ 7u [Fr. trejite.] An office for the dead in
TREN'TALS, ) the Romish service, consisting of thirty
masses rehearsed for thirty days successively.
TRE-PAN', n. [Fr. trepan ; It. trapano.] In surgery, a cir-
cular saw for perforating the skull. Cyc.
TRE-PAN', V. t. To perforate the skull and take out a piece ;
a surgical operation for relieving the brain from pressure
or irritation. Cyc.
TRE-PAN', a snare, and TRE-PAN', to Insnare, are from
trap, and written trapan, which see.
TRE-PAN'NED, (tre-pand') pp. Having the skull perforated.
TRE-PAN'NER, n. One who trepans.
TRE-PAN'NING, ppr. Perforating the skull with a tre-
pan.
TRE-PAN'NING , n. The operation of making an opening
in the skull, for relieving the brain from compression or
irritation. Cyc.
TREPH'INE, 71. An instrument for trepanning.
TREPH'INE, V. t. To perforate with a trephine ; to tre-
pan. Cyc.
tTREP'ID, a. ['L.trepidus.] Trembling; quaking.
TREP-I-DaTION, n. [L. trepidatio.] 1. An involuntary
trembling ; a quaking or quivering, particularly from fear
or terror ; hence, a state of terror. 2. A trembling of the
limbs, as in paralytic afiections. — 3. In the old astronomy,
a libration of the eighth sphere, or a motion which the
Ptolemaic system ascribes to the firmament, to account
for tlie changes and motion of the axis of the world. 4.
Hurrv ; confused haste.
TRESSPASS, 1-. i. [Norm, trespasser.] 1. Liter ally, to -pass
beyond ; hence, primarily, to pass over the boundary line
of another's land ; to enter unlawfully upon the land of
another. 2. To commit any offense or to do any act that
Injures or annoys another ; to violate any rule of rectitude
to the injury of another. — 3. In a moral sense, to transgress
voluntarily any divine law or command ; to violate any
known rule of duty. 4. To intrude ; to gc too far ; to put
to inconvenience by demand or importunity.
TRES'PASS, n. 1. In laic, violation of another's rights,
not amounting to treason, felony, or misprision of either.
2. Any injury or offense done to another. 3. Any volun-
tary transgression of the moral law ; any violation of a
known rule of duty ; sin. Col. ii.
TRESTASS-ER, 71. ]. One who commits a trespass; one
who enters upon another's land or violates his rights. 2
A transgressor of the moral law ; an offender ; a sinner.
* See Synopsis. A, E, t, o, tl, Y, long.— FAR. FALL., WHAT -.—PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
TRI
855
TRI
TRES'PASS-ING, pfr. Entering another man's inclosure j
injuring on annoying another ; violating a law.
TEESS, n. [Ft., Dan. tresse ; Sw. tress.] A knot or curl of
hair ; a ringlet. Pope.
TRESSED, a. 1. Having tresses. 2. Curled ; formed into
ringlets. Spenser.
TRESS'URE, (tresh'ur) n In heraldry, a kind of border.
Warton.
TRES'TLE, (tresi) n. [Ft. treteau.] 1. The frame of a ta-
ble. 2. A movable form for supporting any thing.— 3.
In bridges, a frame consisting cf two posts with a
head or cross beam and braces, on which rest the string-
pieces.
TRET, n. [probably from L. tritus.] In commerce, an al-
lowance to purchasers, for waste or refuse matter, of four
per cent, on the weight of commodities.
TRETH'INGS, n. [W. treth, a tax ; trethu.] Taxes ; im-
posts.
TREV'ET, n. [three-feet, tripod ; Fr. trepied.] A stool or
other thing that is supported by three legs.
TREY, ?!. [1.. trcs ; Eng. three; Fr. trois.] A three at
cards ; a card of three spots. Shak.
TRI, a prefix in words of Greek and Latin origin, signifies
tJiree, from Gr. rpeis.
TRi'A-BLE, a. [from try.] 1, That may be tried ; that
may be subjected to trial or test. Boyle. 2. That may
undergo a judicial examination ; that may properly come
under the cognizance of a court.
TRi-A-€ONT-A-Hk'DRAL, a. [Gr. rpiaKovra and iSpa.]
Having thirty sides. — In mineralogy, bounded by thirty
rhombs.
TRI'A-€0XT-ER, n. [Gr. rpiaKovrripris.] In ancient Greece,
avessel of thirty oars. Mitford.
TRi'AD, n. [L. trias, from tres.] The union of three ;
three united. — In music, the common chord or harmony,
consisting of the third, fifth and eighth.
TRi'AL, 7). [irovntry.] 1. Any effort or exertion of strength
for the purpose of ascertaining its efi'ect, or what can be
done. 2. Examination by a test ; experiment. 3. Ex-
periment ; act of examining by experience. 4. Experi-
ence ; suffering that puts strength, patience or faith to the
test ; afflictions or temptations that exercise and prove the
graces or virtues of men. — 5. In lavi, the examination
of a cause in controversy between parties, before a proper
tribunal. 6. Temptation ; test of virtue. 7. State of being
tried.
TRT-ALI-TY, n. [from three.] Three united ; state of be-
ing three. [Little used.] Wharton.
TRT-AN'DER, n. [Gr. rptij and avr]^.] A plant having
three stamens.
TRl-AN'DRI-AISr, a. Having three stamens.
TRi'AN-GLE, n. [Fr. ; L. trianguliim.] In geometry, a fig-
ure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles.
TRi-AN'GLED, a. Having three angles.
TRi-AN'GU-LAR, a. Having three angles. — In botany, a
triangular stem has three prominent longitudinal angles.
TRi-AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. After the form of a triansle.
TEi-A'RI-AN, a. [L. triarii.] Occupying the third post.
TRIBE, n. [W. trev : Gael, treabh ; L. tribn^.] 1. A family,
race or series of generations, descending fronv the same
progenitor and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve
tribes of Israel. 2. A division, class or distinct portion of
people, from whatever cause that distinction may have
originated. 3. A number of things having certain char-
acters or resemblances in common. 4. A division j a
number considered collectively. 5. A nation of savages ;
a body of rude people united under one leader or govern-
ment. 6. A number of persons of any character or pro-
fession ; in contempt.
TRIBE, V. t. To distribute into tribes or classes. [L. ji.]
TRIB'LET, or TRIB'OU-LET, n. A goldsmith's tool for
making rings. Ainsworth.
TRI-BOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. rp£/3w and (lerpov.] An instru-
ment to ascertain the degree of friction.
TRI'BRA€H, 7?. [Gr. t^ek and /3pa%'j?.] In ancient proso-
dii, a poetic foot of three short syllables, as melius.
TRI-BRA€'TE-ATE, a. Having three bracts about the
flower.
TEIB-U-La'TION, 7?. [Fr. ; L. trilulo.] Severe affliction ;
distresses of life ; vexations.
TRI-BU'NAL, n. [L. tribunal.] 1. Properly, the seat of a
judge ; the bench on which a' judge and his associates sit
"for "administering justice. — 2. More generally, a court of
justice. — 3. [Fr. tribunel.] In Franc}:, a gallery or emi-
nence in a church or other place, in which the musical
performers are placed for a concert.
TRIB'U-NA-RY, a. Pertaining to tribunes.
TRIB'UNE, 7?. [Fr. tribnn ; L. tribunus ; Sp., It. tribuno.]
1 In ancient Rome, an officer or magistrate chosen by the
people to protect them from the oppression of the patri-
cians or nobles, and to defend their liberties against any
attempts that might be made upon them by the senate and
consuls. — 2. In France, a pulpit or elevated place in the
chamber of deputies, where a speaker stands to address
the assembly,
TRIB'UNE-SHIP, n. The office of a tribune. .Addison.
TRIB-U-Ni"CIAN, ) a. 1. Pertaining to tribunes. 2. Suit-
TRIB-U-Ki"TIAL, ^ ing a tribune.
TRIB'U-TA-RY, a. I. Paying tribute to another. 2. Sub-
ject j subordinate. 3. Paid in tribute. 4. Yielding sup-
plies of any thing.
TRIB'U-TA-RY, n. One that pays tribute or a stated sum
for the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an
acknowledgment of submission.
TRIBiUTE, n. [Fr. tribut ; L. tributum.] 1. An annual or
stated sum of money or other valuable thing, paid by one
prince or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment
of submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or
by virtue of some treaty. 2. A personal contribution. 3.
Something given or contributed.
TRl-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. tres and capsula.] In botany,
three-capsuled ; having three capsules to each flower
TRICE, V. t. [W. treisiaw.] In seamen's language, to haul
and tie up by means of a small rope or line. JMar. Diet.
TRICE, n. A very short time ; an instant ; a moment.
TRT-CHOT'0-MOUS, a. Divided into three parts, or divid-
ed by threes. jMartyn.
TRi-€H0T'0-MY, n. [Gr. rpi^a and refivo).] Division into
three parts. TVatts.
TRICK, n. [D. trek ; G. trug, betrug ; Dan. trekke ; Fr.
tricher.] I. An artifice or stratagem for the purpose of de-
ception 5 a fraudful contrivance for an evil purpose, or an
underhand scheme to impose upon the world ; a cheat or
cheating. 2. A dextrous artifice. 3. Vicious practice.
4. The sly artifice or legerdemain of a juggler. 5. A col-
lection of cards laid together. 6. An unexpected event.
7. A particular habit or manner ; as, he has a trick of
drumming with his fingers.
TRICK, V. t. To deceive ; to impose on ; to defraud.
TRICK, V. t. [W. treciaic] To dress ; to decorate ; to set
off; to adorn fantastically. Pope.
TRICK, V. i. To live by deception and fraud. Dryden.
TRICKED, pp. Cheated ; deceived : dressed.
TRICK 'ER )
TRICK'STER "* ^"® ^'^° tricks; a deceiver ; a cheat.
TRICK'ER, 7!.' A trigger. See Trigger.
TRICK'ER-Y, n. The art of dressing up ; artifice ; strata-
gem. Burke.
TRICK'ING, p;??-. 1. Deceiving ; cheating; defrauding. 2.
Dressing ; decorating.
TRICK'ING, 7!. Dress : ornament. Shak.
TRICK'ISH, a. Artful in making bargains ; given to decep-
tion and cheating ; knavish. Pope.
TRICKLE, V. I. [allied, perhaps, toGr. 7-p£;^;w, to run, and a
diminutive.] To flow in a small, gentle stream ; to run
down.
TRICK'LING, ppr. Flowing down in a small, gentle stream.
TRICK'LWG, 71. The act "of flowing in a small, gentle
stream. Wiseman.
tTRICK'MENT, n. Decoration.
TRICK'SY, a. [from trick.] Pretty ; brisk. [L. u.] Shak.
TRICK-TRACK, «. A game at tables.
TRi-CLIN'IA-RY, a. [L. tricliniaris.] Pertaining to a couch
for dining, or to the ancient mode of reclming at table.
TRi-COC'COUS, a. [L. tres and coccus.] A tricoccous or
three-grained capsule is one which is swelling out in three
protuberances, internally divided into three cells, with
one seed in each, as in euphorbia.
TRT-COR'PO-RAL, a. [L. tricorpor.] Having three bodies,
TRi-CUS'Pl-DATE, a. [L. tres and cuspis.] In botany
three-pointed ; ending in three points.
TRi-DAC'TYL-OUS, a. [Gr. Tpei? and SaKTvXog.] Having
three toes.
TRIDE, a. Among hunters, short and ready ; fleet.
TRl'DENT,7i. [Fr. ; L. tridens.] In mythology, a kind of
sceptre or spear with three prongs, which the fables of an-
tiquity put into the hands of A'eptune, the deity of the
ocean.
TRi'DENT, or TRi'DENT-ED, a. Having three teeth or
prongs.
TRl-DENT'ATE, a. [L. tres and dens.] Having three
te_eth_. Lee.
TRi-Di-A-Pa'SON, 71. [tri and diapason.] In music, a triple
octave or twenty-second. Busby.
TRi'DING. SecTRiTHiNG.
TRi-DO-DE-CA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. rpsti, and dodecahe-
dral.] In cry sialography, presenting three ranges effaces,
one above another, each containing twelve faces.
TRID'U-AN, a. [L. triduum.] Lasting three days, or hap-
pening every third day. [Little v^ed.]
TRi-EN'NI-AL, a. [Fr. tricnnal : L. triennis, triennium.]
1. Continuing three years. 2. Happening every three
years.
TRi-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in three years.
TRi'ER, 71. 1. One who tries ; one who makes experiments :
one who examines any thing by a test or standard. 2.
» Srf Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE :— B^JLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete
TRl
856
TRl
One who tries judicially ; a judge who tries a person or
cause ; a juryman.. 3. A test j that which tries or ap-
proves. Shak.
TRIER- ARCH, n. [Gr. TOirjptjs and ap^^os.] In ancient
Qreece, the commander of a trireme.
TRI-E-TER'I-€AL, a. [L. trietericus .'] Triennial ; kept or
occurring once in three years. [Little used,^,
TRi'FAL-LoW, v. t. [L. tres Q.r\A fallow .] To plough land
the third time before sowing. Mortimer.
TRIF'ID, a. [L. trifidus.] In botany^ divided into three
parts ; three-cleft.
TRi-FIS'TU-LA-RY, a. [L. tres and fistula.] Having three
pipes. Brown.
TRi'FLE, 71. [It coincides with trivial, which see.] A thing
of very little value or importance. Young.
TRi'FLE, V. i. 1. To act or talk without seriousness, grav-
ity, weight or dignity ; to act or talk with levity. 2. To
indulge in light amusements. Law. — To trifle with, to
mock; to play the fool with. — To trifle xoith, or to trifle
away, to spend in vanity ; to waste to no good purpose.
^Rl'FLE, V. t. To make of no importance.
TRi'FLER, n. One who trifles or acts with levity. Bacon.
TRi'FLING, ppr. 1. Acting or talking with levity, or with-
out seriousness or being in earnest. 2. a. Being of small
value or importance ; trivial.
TRi'FLING, n. Employment about things of no import-
ance.
TRI'FLING-LY, adv. In a trifling manner ; with levity ;
without seriousness or dignity. Locke.
TRi'FLING-NESS, n. 1. Levity of manners ; lightness.
Entick. 2. Smallness of value; emptiness; vanity.
TRIF'LO-ROUS, a. [1.. tres and flos,f,oris.] Three-flow-
ered j^ bearing three flowers. Martyn.
TRi-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. tres and folium.] Having three
leaves. Harte.
TRi-Fo'LI-O-LATE, a. Having three folioles.
TRI'FO-LY, n. Sweet trefoil. [See Trefoil.] Mason.
TRi'FORM, a. [L. trifomiis.] Having a triple form or shape.
Milton.
TRIG, v.t. [W. tngaw. See Trigger.] 1. To fill; to
stuff'; [obs.] 2. To stop, as a wheel. Bailey.
t TRIG, a. Full ; trim ; neat.
TRIG'A-MY, n. [Gr. rpui and yap-og.] State of being mar-
ried three times ; or the state of having three husbands or
three wives at the same time.
TRIG'GER, w. [W.trigaw; Dan. trekker, trtjkker.] 1. A
catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity. 2.
The catch of a musket or pistol • ^he part which, being
pulled, looses the lock for strikmg hre.
TRT-GIN'TALS, n. [L. triginta.] Trentals ; the number of
thirty masses to be said for the dead.
TRIG'LYPH, n. [Gr. rpeis and y'Sv(pr].] An ornament in
the frieze of the Doric column, repeated at equal inter-
vals.
TRIG'ON, n. [Gr. rpsii and yuvia.] I. A triangle ; a term
used in astrology ; also, trine, an aspect of two planets
distant 120 degrees from each other. 2. A kind of trian-
gular lyre or harp.
*TRIG'0-NAL, ) a. 1. Triangular; having three angles or
TRIG'O-NOUS, \ corners.— 2. In botany, having three
prominent longitudinal angles.
TRIG-0-NO-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to trigonometry ;
performed bv or according to the rules of trigonometry.'
TRIG-0-NO-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. According to the rules
or principles of trigonometry. Asiat. Res.
TRIG-0-NOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. rpiyoivos and (.erpto).] The
measuring of triangles ; the science of determining the
sides and angles of triangles, by means of certain parts
which are given.
TRi'GYN, n. [Gr. rptis and yvvq.] In botany, a plant hav-
ing three pistils.
TRl-GYN'I-AN, a. Having three pistils.
TRi-He'DRAL, a. Having three equal sides.
TRi-He'DROZn", n. [Gr. rptts and e6pa.] A figure having
three^ equal sides.
TRI-Ju'GOUS, a. [L. tres and jugum.] In botany, having
three pairs.
TRi-LAT'ER-AL, a. [Fr., from L. tres, three, and latus,
side.] Having three sides.
TRi-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. fre5, three, and litera, letter.] Con-
sisting of three letters.
TRi-LIT'ER-AL, n. A word consisting of three letters.
TRILL, 71. [It. trillo ; Dan. trille ; G. triller.] A quaver ;
a shake of the voice in singing, or of the sound of an in-
strument.
TRILL, V. t. [It. trillare.] To utter with a quavering or
tremulousness of voice ; to shake. Thomson.
TRILL, V. i. 1. To flow in a small stream, or in drops rap-
idly succeeding each ot!ier ; to trickle. 9. To shake or
quaver ; to play in treiiiulous vibrations of sound.
TRILLED. PI. Shaken ; uttered with rapid vibrations.
TRILLING, ppr. Uttering with a quavering or shake.
TRILI/ION, (tril'yun) n. [a word formed arbitrarily of
three, or Gr. fpiTog, and million.] The product of a million
multiplied by a million, and that product multiplied by a
million ; or the product of the square of a million multipli
ed by_a million.
TRi-Lo'BATE, a. [L. tres and lobus.] Having three lobes
TRl-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. tres and locus.] In botany, three-
celled ; having three cells for seeds.
TRi-Lu'MI-NAR, ; a. [L. tres and lumen.] Having three
TRi-LtJ'MI-NOUS, \ lights.
TRIM, a. [Sax. trum, tryman.] Firm ; compact ; tight ;
snug ; being in good order.
TRIM, V. t. [Sax. trumian, trymian.] 1. In a general sense,
to make right, that is, to put in due order for any purpose.
2. To dress ; to put the body ni a proper state. 3. To
decorate ; to invest or embe'lish with extra ornaments.
4. To clip, as the hair of tne head ; also, to shave ; that
is, to put in due order. 5. To lop, as superfluous branch-
es ; to prune. 6. To supply with oil ; as, to trim a lamp.
7. To make neat ; to adjust. — 8. In carpentry, to dress, as
timber ; to make smooth. 9. To adjust the cargo of a
ship, or tiie weight of persons or goods in a boat, so equal-
ly on each side of the centre and at each end, that she
shall sit well on the water and sail well. 10. To rebuke ;
to reprove sharply. 11. To arrange in due order for sail-
ing. — To trim in, in carpentry, to fit, as a piece of timber
into other work. Moxon. — To trim up, to dress ; to put in
order.
TRIM, V. i. To balance ; to fluctuate between parties, soeis
to appear to favor each. South.
TRIM, n. 1. Dress: gear; ornaments. 2. The state of a
ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, &;c., by which she is well
prepared for sailing.
TRIM'E-TER, n. A poetical division of verse, consisting
of three measures. Lowth.
TRIM'E-TER, ) a. [Gr. rpiiierpos.] Consisting of three
TRl-MET'RI-€AL, \ poetical measures, forming an iam-
bic of six feet.
TRIM'LY, adv. Nicely ; neatly ; in good order. Spenser.
TRIMMED, pp. Put in good order ; dressed ; ornamented ;
clipped ; shaved ; balanced ; rebuked.
TRIMMER, n. ]. One that trims; a time-server. 2. A
piece of timber fitted in. Moxon.
TRIM'MING, ppr. Putting in due order ; dressing ; decor-
ating ; pruning ; balancing ; fluctuating between parties.
TRIM'MING, ?;. Ornamental appendages to a garment, as
lace, ribbons and the like.
TRIM'NES^, 7!. Neatness; snugness ; the state of being
close and in good order.
TRI'NAL, a. [L. trinus.] Threefold. Milton.
TRINE, a. Threefold ; as, trine dimension, that is, length,
breadth and thickness.
TRINE, n. In astrology, the aspect of planets distant from
each other 120 degrees, forming the figure oi a trigon or
triangle.
TRINE, v.t. To put in the aspect of a trine. Dryden.
TRi-NERV'ATE, a. In botany, liaving three nerves or un-
branched vessels meeting behind or beyond the base
TRi'NERVE, \ a. In botany, a trinerved or three-nerved
TRT NERVED, S leaf has three nerves or unbranched
vessels meeting in the base of the leaf.
TRIN'GLE,7t. [Fi.] In aj-c/titeciure, a little square member
or ornament, as a Hstel, reglet, platband and the like, but
particularly a little member fixed exactly over every trig-
lyph.
TRIN-1-Ta'RT-AN, a Pertaining to the Trinity, or to the
doctrine of the Trinity.
TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AN, n. 1. One who believes the doctrine of
the Trinity. 2. One of an order of religious, who made it
their business to redeem Christians from infidels.
TRIN'I-TY, n, [L. trinitas ; tres and unus, unitas, one,
unity.] In theology, the union of three persons in one
Gcdhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
TRINK'ET, 7!. 1. A small ornament, as a jewel, a ring and
the lilte. 2. A thing of little value ; tackle ; tools.
TRi-No'MI-AL, a. [L. tres and nomen.] In mathematics, a
trinomial root is a root consisting of three parts.
TRI-No'MI-AL, n. A root of three terms or parts.
TRi'O, n, A concert of three parts ; three united.
t TRI-OB'O-LAR, a. [L. triobolaris.] Of the value of three
oboli ; mean ; worthless. Cheyne.
TRT-Oe-TA-IIE'DRAL, a. [tri and octahedral.] In crystal-
ography, presenting three ranges of faces, one above an-
other, each range containing eignt faces.
TRl-0€''TlLE, n. [L. tres and octo.] In astrology, an as-
pect of two planets witli regard to the earth, when they
are three octants, or eight parts of a circle, that is, 135 de-
grees, distant from each other.
TRI'OR, ) n. In law, a person appointed by the court to ex-
TRl'ER, \ amine whether a challenge to a panel of jurors,
or to any juror, is just.
TRIP, V. i. [G. trippeln ,• D. trippen ; Sw. trippa ; Dan. trip-
per.] 1. To supplant ; to cause to fall by striking the feet
suddenly from under the person ; usually followed by up.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I O t!, ■?, lung.— FS.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ,— f Obsolete
TRI
857
TRI
2 To supplant ; to overthrow by depriving of support.
3. To catch ; to detect. 4. To loose an anchor from the
bottom by its cable or buoy-rope.
TllIP, V. i. 1. To stumble ; to strike the foot against some-
tliing so as to lose the step and come near to fall ; or to
stumble and fail. 2. To err ; to fail ; to mistake ; to be de-
ficient.
TRIP, V. i. [At. tariba; G. treppe.] 1. To run or step
lightly ; to walk with a light step. 2. To take a voyage
or journey.
TRIP, 71. 1 . A stroke or catch by which a wrestler supplants
his antagonist. 2. A stumble by the loss of foot-hold, or a
striking of the foot against an object. 3. A failure j a
mistake. 4. A journey; or a voyage. — 5. Imiavigation,
a single board in plying to windward. — 6. Among farm-
ers, a small flock of sheep, or a small stock of them ; [local.]
TRIFAR-TITE, a. [Fr. ; L. tripartitus.] 1. Divided into
three parts. 2. Having three corresponding parts or
copies.
TRi-PAR-Ti"TION, n. A division by three, or the taking
of a third part of any number or quantity. Cyc.
TRIPE, 71. [Fr. ; Sp. tripa ; It. trippa ; G. tripp.] 1. Prop-
erly, the entrails ; but in common usage, the large stom-
ach of ruminating animals, prepared for food. — 2. In ludi-
crous language, the belly.
* TRIP'E-D^IL, a. [L. tres andpes.] Having three feet.
TRiPE'-MAN, 71. A man who sells tr'pe. Swift.
TRI-PEN'NATE, or Tfil-PIN'NATE, a. [L. tres and^^eTi-
na, or pinna.\ In botany, a tripinnate leaf is a species of
superdecompound leaf, when a petiole has bipinnate
lejives ranged on each side of it, as in common fern.
TRi-PER'SON-AL, a. [L. tres and persona.] Consisting of
three persons. Milton.
TRi-PER-SON-AL'I-TY, n. The state of existing in three
persons in one Godhead. Milton.
TRI-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. rpet? and TrrraXov.] In botany,
three-petaled ; having three petals or flower-leaves.
TRi'PHANE, n. A mineral, spodumene. Ure.
TRIPH'THONG, (trip'thong) n. [Gr. rpc/j and (pOoyyr].] A
coalition of three vowels in one compound sound, or in
one syllable, as in adieu, eye.
TRIPH-THON'GAL, (trip-thong'gal) a. Pertaining to a
triphthong ; consisting of a triphthong.
TRIPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. rpeis and cpvXXov.] In botajiy,
three-leaved ; having" three leaves.
TRIP'LE, a. [Fr. ; L. triplex, tripliis.] 1. Threefold ; con-
sisting of three united. Dryden. 2. Treble ; three times
repeated ; see Treble.
TRIP'LE, v. t. To treble ; to make threefold or thrice as
much or as many. [Usually written treble.] Lee.
TRIP'LET. 71. [from triple.] 1. Three of a kind, or three
united. — 2. In poetry, three verses rhyming together. — 3.
In music, three notes sung or played in the time of two.
TRIP'LI-€ATE, a. [L. triplicatus, triplico.] Made thrice as
much ; threefold.
TRIP-LI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of trebling or making
threefold, or adding three together. Glanville.—2. In the
civil law, the same as sur~rcjoinder in common law.
TRIP-LIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. triplicite ; from L. triplex.] Treble-
ness ; the state of beaig threefold. Watts.
TRIPLY-RIBBED, a. In botany, having a pair of large ribs
branching off from the main one above the base.
TRIP'-MAD-AM, n. A plant. Mortimer.
*TRl'POD, n. [L. tripiis, tripodis ; Gr. Tpmovs.] A bench,
stool or seat supported by three legs, on which the priest
and sibyls in ancient times were placed to render oracles.
TRIP'0-LI, 71. In mineralogy, a mineral originally brought
from Tripoli, used in polishing stones and metals.
TRIP'O-LINE, a. Pertaining to Tripoli.
TRi POS, 71. A tripod, which see.
TRIPPED, pp. [from trip.] Supplanted.
TRIPPER, 71. One who trips or supplants ; one that walks
nimbly.
TRIP'PING, ppr. 1. Supplanting ; stumbling ; falling ; step-
ping nimbly. 2. a. Quick ; nimble.
TRIPLING, «. 1. The act of tripping. 2. A light dance.
Milton. 3. The loosing of an anchor from the gromid by
its cable or buoy-rope.
TRIP'PING-LY, adv. Nimbly ; with a light, nimble, quick
step ; with agility. Shak.
TRIPTOTE, n. [Gr. roei? and titwgh.] In grammar, a
name or noun having three cases only. Clarke.
TRI-Pu'DI-A-RY, a. [L. tripudium.] Pertaining to danc-
in^g ; performed by dancing. Brown.
TRi-Pu'DI-ATE, V. i [L. tripudm.] To dance. Cockeram.
TRi-PU-DI-A'TION, n. [L. tripudlo.] Act of dancing.
Johnson.
TRi-PYPv'A-MID, n. [L. tres and pyramis.] In mineralogy,
a genus of spars, the body of which is composed of single
pyramids, each of three sides, affixed by their base to
some solid body.
TRT-aUE'TROUS, a. [L. triquetrus, from triquetra.]
Three-sided ; having three plane sides. Encyc.
TEI-Ra'DI-A-TED, a. [L. tres and radhis.] Having three
rays.
TRi'REME, n. [L. triremis.] A galley or vessel with tliree
benches or ranks of oars on a side. Mitford
TRI-RHOM-BOID'AL, a. [tri and rhomboidal.] Having the
form of three rhombs.
TRi-SA€-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, n. One of a religious sect
who admit of three sacraments and no more. Cyc.
TRi-SAG'I-ON, 71. [Gr, rpeis and ayios.] A hymn in which
the word holy is repeated three times. Bull
TRl-SE€T', V. t. [L. tres and seco.] To cut or divide into
three equal parts. Allen.
TRi-SE€T'ED, pp. Divided into three equal parts.
TRl-SE€T'ING, ppr. Dividing into three equal parts.
TRl-SE€'TION, n. [L. tres and sectio.] The division o<
athing into three parts.
TRi-SEP'A-LOUS, a. In botany, having three sepals to a
calyx.
TRIS'PAST, \ n. [Gr. rpeis and anaw.] In mechanics, a
TRIS-PAS'l^ON, \ machine with three pulleys for raising
great weights. Cyc.
TRi-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. rpeis and cTTEpjxa.] Three-seed-
ed ; containing three seeds ; as, a trispermous capsule.
t TRIST, / a. [L. tristis.] Sad ; sorrowful ; gloomy.
t TRIST'FUL, 1 Shak.
t TRIS-Ti"TI-ATE, v. t. [L. tristitia.] To make sad or sor-
rowful. Feltham.
t TRl-SUL€', n. [L. irisulcus.] Something having three
points. Broion.
TRIS-YL-LAB'I€, \ a. from trisyllable.] Pertaming
TRIS-YL-LAB'I-€AL, \ to' a trisyllable j consisting of
three syllables.
* TRIS'YL-LA-BLE, n. [L. tres, three, and syllaba, sylla-
ble.] A word consisting of three syllables.
TRITE, a. [L. tritus.] Worn out; common; used till so
common as to have lost its novelty and interest. Swift.
TRiTE'LY, adv. In a common manner.
TRiTE'NESS, n. Commonness ; staleness ; a state of being
worn out.
TRi-TERN'ATE, a. [L. tres and temate.] Having three
biternate leaves, or the divisions of a triple petiole subdi-
vided into threes.
* TRi'THE-ISM, n. [Fr. tritheisme ; Gr. rpeig and flfof.]
The opinion or doctrine that there are three Gods in the
Godliead.
* TRi'THE-IST, 77. One who believes that there are three
distinct Gods in the Godliead. Encyc.
TRi-THE-IS'TI€, a. Pertaining to tritheism.
TRI-THe'ITE, n. A. tritheist.
TRiTH'lNG, 71. [from three] One of the divisions of the
county of York in England, which is divided into three
parts. It is now called Riding.
fTRIT'I-CAL, a. [from f?-iie.] ^Trite ; common.
tTRITa-€AL-NESS, 7f. Triteness. Warton.
TRl^TOPv, n. 1. In mythology, a fabled sea demi-god, sup-
posed to be the trumpeter of Neptune. 2. A genus of the
moJluscal order of worms. 3. A bird of the West Indies,
famous for its notes.
TRi'TONE, 7!. [L. tres and tonus ] In miisic, a false con-
cord, consisting of three tones, two major and one minor
tone, or of two tones and two semitones ; a dissonant in-
to i-val.
TRI-TOX'YD, n. [Gr. rpnos, and oxyd.] In chemistry, a
substance oxydized in the third degree.
TRIT'U-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being reduced to a fine
powder by pounding, rubbing or grinding.
TRIT'U-EATE, v. t. [L. trituro.] To rub or grind to a
very fine powder, and properly to a finer powder than
that made by pulverization.
TRIT'U-RA-TED, pp. Reduced to a very fine powder.
TRIT'tT-RA-TING, ppr. Grinding or reducmg to a very
fine powder.
TRIT U-Ra'TION, n. The act of reducing to a fine pow-
der by grinding.
t TRIT^URE, n. A rubbing or grinding. Cheyne
TRI-Tu'RI-UM, 71. A vessel for separating liquors of dif-
ferent densities.
TRl'D MPH, u. [Fr. triomphe ; It. irionfo ; Sp. triwifo , L.
triumphus.] 1. Among the ancient Romans, a pompous
ceremony performed in honor of a victorious general.
2. State of being victorious. 3. Victory ; conquest. 4.
JoyJfc^ultation for success. 5 A card that takes all
otJi^^Hfcw written trump, which see
TRT'UlBp, V. i. 1.T70 celebrate victory with pomp ; to re-
joice for victory. 2. To obtain victory. 3. To insult upon
an advantage gained. 4. To be prosperous ; to flourish.—
To triumph over, to succeed in overcoming ; to surmount.
TRT-UMPH'AL, a. [Fr.; L. triumphalis.] Pertaining to
triumph; used in a triumph. Sicift.
TRI-TJMPH'AL, n. A token of victory. Milton.
TRI-UMPH'ANT, a. [L. triuinphans.] 1. Celebrating vic-
tory. 2. Rejoicing as for victory. 3. Victorious ; graced
* See Synopsis M5VE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as ii? this, f Obsolete..
TRO
858
TRO
with conquest. 4- Celebrating victory; expressing joy
for success.
TRl-tTMPH'ANT-LY, adv ]. In a triumphant manner;
with the joy and exultation that proceeds from victory
or success. 2. Victoriously ; with success. 3. With in-
solent exultation.
TRrUMPH-ER, n. 1. One who triumphs or rejoices for
victory ; one who vanquishes. 2. One who was honored
with a triumph in Rome.
TRl'UMPH-lNG, p-pr. Celebrating victory with pomp ; van-
quishing ; rejoicing for victory ; insulting on an ad-
vantage.
TRi-UM'VIR, 71. [L tres and vir.} One of three men uni-
ted in office.
TRI-UM' VI-RATE, -re. 1. A coalition of three men ; ■partic-
ularly, the union of three men who obtained the govern-
ment of the Roman empire. 2. Government by three
men in coalition.
* TRi'UNE, a. [L. tres and unus.'] Three in one ; an epi-
Jhet applied to God, to express the unity of the Godhead
m a trinity of persons.
t TRI-U NI-TY, n. Trinity.
TRIV'ANT, n. A truant. Burton.
TRt-VALV'U-LAR, a, Three-valved ; having three valves.
TRI-VERB'I-AL, a. [L. triverbivm.] Triverbial days, in
the Roman calendar, were juridical or court days, days
allowed to the pretor for hearing causes ; called also dies
fasti,
TRIVET, fi. A three-legged stool. See Trevet.
TRIVI-AL, a. [Fr.; L. trioiali^.'\ ], Trifling; of little
worth or importance : inconsiderable. Pope. 2. Worth-
less; vulgar. — Trivial name, in natural history, the com-
mon name for the species, which, added to the generic
name, forms the complete denomination of the species ;
the specific name.
TRIV-I-AL'I-TY, n. Trivialness. [J^ot much used.]
TRIV'I-AL-LY, adv. 1. Commonly ; vulgarly. 2. Light-
ly ; inconsiderably ; in a trifling degree.
TBIV'I-ALr-NESS, 71. 1. Commonness. 2. Lightness ; un-
importance.
TRoAT, V. i. To cry, as a buck in rutting time. Diet.
TRoAT, 71. The cry of a buck in rutting time.
TRo'CAR, n. [Fr. un trois quart.] A surgical instrument
for tapping dropsical persons and the like.
TRO-CHa'TC, ) a. [See Trochee.] In poefr^/, consist-
TR0-€Ha'I-€AL, \ ing of trochees.
TRO-CHAN'TER, 71. [Gr. rpo^avrrip.] In anatomy, the
trochanters are two processes of the thigh-bone, called
major and minor, the major on the outside, and the minor
on the inside.
TRo'CIIE, 71. [Gr. Too^og.] A form of medicine in a cake
or tablet, or a stiff paste cut into proper portions and
dried.
TRo'CHEE, 71. [L. trochceus ; Gr. rpoxai-OS.] In verse, a
foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short.
TR0-€H1L'I€, a. Having power to draw out or turn
round.
TRO-CHIL'ICS, n. [Gr. rpoxt'^^ia ; L. trochilus.] The sci-
ence of rotary motion.
TRO'CHI-LUS, ) n. [L. trochilus ; Gr. rpo;^£>ros.] 1. An
TRo'CHIL, <, aquatic bird, a swift runner, with long
legs, which is said to get its meat out of the crocodile's
mouth. 2. A name given to the golden-crowned wren.
— 3. In zoology, the humming bird or honey-sucker, a
kind of beautiful little birds, natives of America. — 4. In
architecture, a hollow ring round a column ; called also
scotia, and by workmen, the casement.
TRo'CHINGS, 71. The small branches on the top of a deer's
head. Cyc.
TRo'CHISCH, (tro'kish) n. [Gr. rpoxicKOi.] A kind of
tablet or lozenge. Bacon.
TRo'CHITE, n. [L. trochus.] 1, In natural history, a kind
of figured fossil stone, resembling parts of plants, called
St. Cuthberfs beads. 2. Fossil remains of the shells call-
ed trochus.
TR0€H'LE-A, n. [L.] A pulley-like cartilage, through
which the tendon of the trochlearv muscle passes.
TRO€H'LE-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the trochlea.
TRo'CHOID, 71. [Gr. Tpo^oi ; L. trochus.] In geometry, a
curve generated by the motion of a wheel ; the dycloid.
TROD, prct. of tread.
TROD, ) pp. oi tread. Jerusalem shall be tT-^S^BtJown
TROD'DEN, S by the Gentiles. LukM^i.
TRODE, old pret. of tread. W
TRODE, 71. Tread ; footing. Spenser.
TROG'LO-DYTE, n. [Gr. rptayM and 8vu}.] The Troglo-
dytes were a people of Ethiopia, represented by the an-
cients as living in caves.
I ROLL, V. t. [G. trollen ; W. troliaw.] To move in a cir-
cular direction ; to roll ; to move volubly ; to turr ; to
drive about. ,
TRoLL, V. i. I To roll ; to run about.— 2. Among anglers.
tne cycioi
tt^mtj^Q
to fish for pikes with a rod whose line runs on a wheel,
or^puUey. Gay.
TROLLED, pp. Rolled ; turned about.
TROLL'ING, ppr. Rolling ; turning ; driving about ; fish-
ing with a rod and reel.
TROL'LOP, 71. [G. trolle.] A stroller ; a loiterer; a woman
loosely dressed ; a slattern. Milton.
t TROL-LO-PEE', n. Formerly, a loose dress for females.
TROL'MY-DaMES, n. [Fr. trou-^madame.] The game of
nine-holes. Shak.
TROMP, n. A blowing machine formed of a hollow tree,
used in furnaces.
TROMP'IL, n. An aperture in a tromp.
TRON'AGE, 71. Formerly, a toll or duty paid for weighing
wool. Cyc.
TRO-Na'TOR, n. An officer in London, whose business
was to weigh wool.
TRON'CO, n. [L. truncus.] A term in Italian music, di-
recting a note or sound to be cut short, or just uttered and
then discontinued.
TRONE, n. A provincial word in some parts of England
for a small drain. Cyc.
TRONE, or TRoNES, n. A steelyard. J^orth of England.
TROOP, 71. [Fr. troupe ; It. truppa ; Sp., Port, tropa ; Dan.,
D. trop ; G. trupp ; Sw. tropp.] 1. A collection of people;
a company ; a number ; a multitude. Gen. xlix. 2. A
body of soldiers. But, applied to infantry, it is now used
in the plural, troops, and this word signifies soldiers in
general. — 3. Troop, in the singular, a small body or com-
pany of cavalry, light-horse or dragoons, commanded by
a captain. 4. A company of stage-players.
TROOP, V. i. 1. To collect in numbers. 2. To march in a
body. 3. To march in haste or in company.
TROOP'ER, n. A private or soldier in a body of cavalry ; a
horse-soldier.
TROOP'ING, ppr. Moving together in a crowd ; marching
in a body.
TROPE, 71. [L. tropus ; Gr. rponos.] In rhetoric, a word or
expression used in a different sense from that which it
properly signifies ; or a word changed from its original
signification to another, for the sake of giving life or em-
phasis to an idea, as when we call a shrewd man a fox.
TRo'PHlED, a. Adorned with trophies. Pope.
TRo'PHY, 71. [L. tropcBum ; Gr. rpoT^aiov ; Fr. trophee ; Sp.,
It. trofeo.] 1. Among the ancients, a pile of arms taken
from a vanquished enemy, raised on the field of battle by
the conquerors ; also, the representation of such a pile in
marble, on medals and the like. 2. Any thing taken and
preserved as a memorial of victory, as arms, flags,
standards and the like, taken from an enemy. — 3. In ar-
chitecture, an ornament representing the stem of a tree,
charged or encompassed with arms and military weapons,
offensive and defensive. 4. Something that is evidence
of victory ; memorial of conquest.
TRo'PHY-MoN'EY, n. A duty paid in England annually
by house-keepers, towards providing harness, drums, col-
ors, &LC. for the militia.
TROP'IC, 71, [Fr. tropique ; L. tropicus.] 1. In astronomy, a
circle of the sphere drawn through a solstitial point, par-
allel to the equator ; or the line which bounds the sun's
declination from the equator, north or south. — 2. Tropics,
in geography, are two lesser circles of the globe, drawn
parallel to the equator through the beginning of Cancer
and of Capricorn.
TROP'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the tropics ; being within
the tropics. 2. Incident to the tropics. 3. [from trope.]
Figurative ; rhetorically changed from its proper or ori-
ginal sense.
TROP'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a tropical or figurative manner.
TROP'IC-BiRD, n. An aquatic fowl of the genus phaeton.
TRo'PIST, n. One who explains the Scriptures by tropes
and figures of speech ; one who deals in tropes.
TROP-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Varied by tropes ; changed from
the original import of the words.
TRO-POL'0-GY, n. [Gr. rnoTios and Xoyos.] A rhetorical
mode of speech, including tropes, or change from the
original import of the word.
tTROSS'ERS, 71. Trowsers. Sec Trowsers. Shak.
TROT, V. i. [Fr. trotter : G. trotten ; It. trottare ; Sp., Port.
trctar.] 1. To move faster than in walking, as a horse,
or other quadruped, by lifting one fore foot and the hind
foot of the opposite side at the same time. 2. To walk or
move fast ; or to run.
TROT, n. 1. The pace of a horse or other quadruped, when
he lifts one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side
at the same time. 2. An old woman ; in contempt.
t TROTH, n. [Sax. treothe.] 1. Belief; faith ; fidelity. 2
Truth ; verity ; veracity ; as, by my troth,
t TROTH'LESS, a. Faithless ; treacherous. Fairfax.
t TROTH'-PLlGHT, v. t. To betroth or affiance,
t TROTH'-PLlGHT, a. Betrothed ; espoused ; affianced.
TROTH'-PLlGHT, n. The act of betrothing or plighting
faith. Shak.
* See Syncrpsis A, ft, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;--PREY ;— PiN, MARlNE, BtRD ;— j Obsolete.
TRU
859
TRU
TROT'TER, 71. 1. A beast that trots, or that usually trots.
2. A sheep's foot.
TROT'TING, ppr. Moving with a trot j walking fast, or
running.
TROU'BA-DOUR, 71. [Old Fr.] An early poet of Provence.
Harris.
rROtJB'LF,, (trub'bl) v. t. [Fv. troubler ; It. turbare; Sp.,
Port, ill jar j L. turbo.] l.'To agitate ; to disturb ; to put
into confused motion. 2. To disturb; to perplex. 3. To
afflict ; to grieve ; to distress. 4. To busy ; to cause to be
much engaged or anxious. 5. To tease ; to vex ; to mo-
lest. 6. To give occasion for labor to. 7. To sue for a
debt.
TRoUB'LE, (trub'bl) n. 1. Disturbance of mind ; agitation ;
commotion of spirits ; perplexiiy. 2. Affliction ; calamity.
^ Molestation 3 inconvenience ; annoyance. 4. Uneasi-
ness ; vexation. 5. That which gives disturbance, an-
noyance or vexation ; that which afflicts.
TRoUB'LED, (trub'bld) pp. Disturbed ; agitated ; afflicted ;
annoyed; molested.
TRoUB'LER, (trub bier) n. One who disturbs ; one who af-
flicts or molests ; a disturber. Waller.-
TRoUB'LE-SoME, (trub'bl-sum) a. 1. Giving trouble or
disturbance ; molesting ; annoying ; vexatious. 2. Bur-
densome ; tiresome ; wearisome. 3. Giving inconveni-
ence to. 4. Teasing ; importunate.
TRotTB'LE-SoME-LY, (trub'bl-sum-ly) adv. In a manner
or degree to give trouble ; vexatiously.
TRoUB'LE-SoME-NESS, (trub'bl-sum-nes) n. 1. Vexa-
tiousness ; the quality of giving trouble or of molesting.
2. Unseasonable intrusion ; importunity.
+ TRoUB'LE-STATE, n. A disturber of the community.
TRoUB'LING, {tmh'hlmg) ppr. Disturbing ; agitating; mo-
lesting ; annoving ; afflicting.
TRoUB'LING," (trub'bling) n. 1. The act of disturbing or
putting in commotion. John v. 2, The act of afflicting.
TRoUB'LOUS, (trub'blus) a. 1 . Agitated ; tumultuous ; full
of commotion, 2. Full of trouble or disorder; tumultu-
ous ; full of affliction.
TROUGH, (trauf ) n. [Sax., D., G. trog ; Dan. truff. 1. A
vessel hollow longitudinally, or a large log or piece of
timber excavated longitudinally on the upper side ; used
for various purposes. 2. A tray. 3. A canoe ; the rude
boat of uncivilized men. 4. The channel that conveys
water, as in mills.
TRoUL, for troll. See Troll,
TROUNCE, (trouns) v. t. [qu, Fr. trongon, trongonner.] To
punish, or to beat severely. [.A low word.]
*TRc3USE, (trooz) n. [See Trowsers.] A kind of trowsers
worn by children.
TROUT, n. [Sax. truht ,• Fr. truitc ; It, trota ,• D. truit ; L.
trutta.] A river fish of the genus salmo.
TROUT' -CoL-ORED, a. White with spots of black, bay
or sorrel ; as, a trout-colored horse.
TROUT'-FISH-ING, n. The fishing for trouts,
TROUT'-STReAM, 71, A stream in which trout breed,
TRo'VER, n. [Fr. trouver ; It. trovare.] 1. In law, the
gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding or
by other means. 2. An action which a man has against
another who has found or obtained possession of any of
his_goods, and who refuses to deliver them on demand.
fTRoW, V. i. [Sax. treowian,treowan ; G. trauen ; Sw.
tro.] To believe ; to trust ; to think or suppose. Hooker.
TRoW is used in the imperative, as a word of inquiry.
TROWEL, n. [Fr. truelle; L. trulla j D. troffel.] 1. A ma-
son's tool. 2. A gardener's tool.
TROWL. See Troll.
TROWS'ERS, 71. plu. [Gaelic, triusan ; Fr. trousse ; W.
trws, trouse.J A loose garment worn by males, extending
from the waist to the knee or to the ankle, and covering
the lower limbs,
TROY, } n. [said to have been named from
TROY- WEIGHT, \ Troyes, in France,] The weight by
which gold and silver, jewels, &c. are weighed. .
TRU'ANT, a. [^Fr. truand.] Idle; wandering from busi-
ness ; loitering ; as, a truant boy.
TRu'ANT, n. An idler; an idle boy. Drydev.
TRu'ANT, V. i. To idle away time ; to loiter or be absent
from employment. Shak.
TRu'ANT-LY, adv. Like a truant ; in idleness.
TRu'ANT-SHIP, n. Idleness ; neglect of employment.
TRUBS, n. An herb. Ainsworth.
t TRUB'TAIL, 71. A short, squat woman. Ainsworth.
TRUCE, n. [Goth, triggwa ; It. tregua ; Norm, trewe.] 1.
In war, a suspension of arms by agreement of the com-
manders ; a temporary cessation of hostilities. 2. Inter-
mission of action, pain or contest; temporary cessation;
short quiet.
TRuCE'-BREaK-ER, 71. [truce and breaker.] One who
violates a truce, covenant or engagement. 2 Tim. iii.
TRUCH'MAN, 71. An interpreter. See Dragoman.
TRU-CI-Da'TION, n. [L, trucido.] The act of killing.
TRUCK, V. i. [Fr. troquer ; Sp., Port, trocar.] To ex-
change commodities ; to barter. [A vulgar word.]
TRUCK, V. t. To exchange ; to give ir exchange ; to bar
ter. [Vulgar.] Swift.
TRUCK, 71. 1, Permutation; exchange of commodities,
barter, 2. A small wooden wheel not bound with iron •
a cylinder, 3. A small wheel ; hence trucks, a low car-
riage for carrying goods, stone, &c,
TRUCK' AGE, n. The practice of bartering goods. Milton.
TRUCK'ER, 71. One who trafficks by exchange of goods.
TRUCK'ING, jjpr. Exchanging goods ; bartering.
TRUCKLE, 71. A small wheel or caster. Hudibras.
TRUCKLE, V. i. [dim of truck.] To yield or bend obse
quiously to the will of another ; to submit ; to creep.
TRUCKLE-BED, n. A bed that runs on wheels and may
be pushed under another ; a trundle-bed.
TRUCK'LING, 'ppr. Yielding obsequiously to the will of
aiiother.
TRu'CU-LENCE, n. [L. truculentia.] 1. Savageness of
manners ; ferociousness. 2. Terribleness of countenance.
TRu'CU-LENT, a. Fierce ; savage ; barbarous 2' Of a
ferocious aspect. 3. Cruel ; destructive.
TRUDGE, V. i. 1. To travel on foot. 2. To travel or march
wjth labor. Dryden.
TRUE, a. [Sax. treow. treowe ; Sw. tro ; Dan. troe ; G
treu ; D. trouw,] 1 Conformable to fact ; being in ac-
cordance with the actual stale of things. 2. Genuine ;
pure ; real ; not counterfeit, adulterated or false. 3.
Faithful ; steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a
prince, or to the state ; loyal ; not false, fickle or perfidi-
ous. 4. Free from falsehood. 5. Honest ; not fraudulent.
6. Exact ; right to preci='ion ; confonnable to a rule or
pattern. 7. Straight ; rig^jf.. 8. Not false or pretended ;
real. 9. Rightful.
TRuE'BORN, a. [true and born.] Of genuine birth ; hav-
ing a right by birth to any title. Shak.
TRuE'BRED, a. l.Of a genuine or right breed. Dryden.
2,_Being of genuine breeding or education.
TRUE'HE ART-ED, a. [true and heart.] Being of a faith-
fuj heart ; honest ; sincere ; not faithless or deceitful.
TRUE'HE aRT-ED-NESS, n. Fidelity ; loyalty ; sincerity.
TRuE'LoVE, 71. [true and love.] 1. One really beloved
2._A plant, the herb Paris.
TRuE'LoVE-KNOT, n. A knot composed of lines united
with many involutions ; the emblem of interwoven af-
fection or engagements.
TRuE'NESS, n. 1. Faithfulness ; sincerity. 2. Reality ,
genuineness. 3. Exactness.
TRuE'PEN-NY, n. [true and penny.] A familiar phrase
for an honest fellow. Bacon.
*TRUF'FLE, (truffl, or troo'fl) n. [Fr. truffe ; Sp. trufa.]
A subterraneous vegetable production, or a kind of mush-
room.
TRUF'FLE-WoRM, n. A worm found in truffles.
TRUG, n. A hod. This is our troiigh and tray ; the pro-
nunciation being retained in some parts of England.
TRu'ISM, 77. An undoubted or self-evident truth.
TRULL, 71. [W.troliaw.^ A low, vagrant strumpet.
TRUL-LI-Za'TION, n. [L. trullisso.] The laying of strata
of plaster with a trowel.
TRu'LY, adv. 1. In fact ; in deed ; in reality. 2. Accord-
ing to truth ; in agreement with fact. 3. Sincerely ; hon-
estly ; really ; faithfully. 4. Exactly ; justly.
TRUMP, n. [It. tromba ; Gaelic, tro7npa.] 1. A trumpet; a
wind instrument of music; a poetical word used for
trumpet. 2. [contracted from triumph ; It. trionfo ; Fr.
triomphe.] A winning card; one of the suit of cards
which takes any of the other suits. 3. An old game with
cards. — To put to the trumps, or to put on the trumps, to re-
duce to the last expedient, or to the utmost exertion of
power.
TRUMP, V. t. 1. To take with a trump card. 2. [Fr.
tromper.] To obtrude ; also, to deceive ; [obs.] — To
trump up, to devise ; to seek and collect from every quar-
ter.
TRUMP, V. i. To blow a trumpet. Wicliffe.
TRUMP'ER-Y, 71. [Fr. tromperie.] 1. Falsehood ; empty
talk. Raleigh. 2. Useless matter ; things worn out and
cast aside.
TRUMP'ET, n. [Fr. trompette ; G. trompete ; D., Sw.
trompet ; Dan. trompette; Arm. trompett.] 1. A wind in-
strument of music, used chiefly in war and military ex-
ercises. 2. In the military style, a trumpeter. 3, One
who praises or propagates praise, or is the instrument of
propagating it,
TRUMP'ET, V. t. To publish by sound of trumpet; also,
to proclaim.
TRUMP'EI'-ED, pp Sounded abroad ; proclaimed.
TRUMP'ET-ER, n. 1. One who sounds a trumpet. 2. One
who proclaims, publishes or denounces. 3. A bird, a va-
riety of the domestic pigeon.
TRUMP'ET-FISH, n. A fish of the genus centriscus, (C.
scolopax ;) called, also, the bellows-fish. Cyc.
TRUMP'ET-FLOW-ER, n. A flowef. Cyc.
TRUMP'ET H6N'EY-SUC-KLE, n. A plant.
TRUMP'ET-ING , ppr. Blowing the trumpet ; proclaiming.
See Synovsis MOEV, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
TRU
860
TUB
1 RUMP'ET-SHETX, n. The name of a genus of univalv-
ular shells, of the form of a trumpet. Cyc.
TRUMP'ET-ToNGUED, a. having a tongue vociferous
as a trunipet. Shak.
TRUMP'LiKE, a. Resembling a trumpet. Chapman.
TRUNCATE, v. t. [L. trunco ; Fr. trancher.} To cut off;
to lop ; to maim.
TRUN€'ATE, a. In botany, appearing as if cut off at the
tip ; ending in a transverse line. Martyn.
TRUN€'A-TED, fp. 1. Cut off; cut short ; maimed. 2.
Appearing as if cut off; plane ; having no edge.
TRUN€'A-TING, ppr. Cutting cff.
TRUN-Ca'TIONj n. The act of lopping or cutting off.
TRUN'CHEON, n. [Fr. trongon ; L. trmicus.] A short
staff; a club ; a cudgel ; a baitoon.
TRUN'CHEON, v. t. To beat vi'ith a truncheon ; to cudgel
Shak.
TRUNCH-EON-EER', n. A person armed with a truncheon.
TRUN'DLE, V. i. [Sax. trcendle, trendle; Dan., Sw. trind.]
1. To roll, as on little wheels. 2. To roll, as a bowl.
TRUN'DLE, V. t. To roll, as a thing on little wheels.
TRUN'DLE, n. A round body ; a little wheel, or a kind of
low cart with small wooden wheels.
TRUN'DLE- BED, n. A bed that is moved on trundles or
little wheels ; called, also, truckle-bed.
TRUN'DLE-TaIL, n. A round tail ; a dog so called from
his tail. Shak.
TRUNK, n. [Fr. tronc ; It. troncone , Sp. tronco ; L. trun-
cus.] 1. The stem or body of a tree, severed from its
roots. 2. The body of an animal without the limbs. 3.
The main body of any thin-g. 4. The snout or proboscis
of an elephant ; the limb or instrument with which he
feeds himself. 5. A slender, oblong, hollow body, joined
to the forepart of the head of many insects. — 6. In archi-
tecture, the fust or shaft of a column. 7. A long tube
through which pellets of clay are blown. 8. A box or
chest covered with skin.
t TRUNK, V. t. To lop off ; to curtail ; to truncate.
TR'JNKED, jpp. 1. Cutoff; curtailed; [obs.] 2. Having
a trunk.
TRUNK 'HOSE, n. Large breechea formerly worn.
TRUNNION, 71. [Fr.trognnn.'] The trunnions of a piece
of ordnance are two knobs which project from the oppo-
site sides of a piece, and serve to support it on the cheeks
of the carriage.
TRUNN'ION-PLATE, n. The trunnion-plates Kre two plates
m traveling-carriages, mortars and howitzers, which
cover the upper parts of the side-pieces, and go under the
trunnions.
TRUNN'ION-RING, n. A ring on a cannon next before the
trunnions.
TRU'SION, (tru'zhun) n. [L. trudo.] The act of pushing
or thrusting. Bentley.
TRUSS, n. [Fr. trousse : Dan. trosse ; Sw. tross.] 1. In
a general sense, a bundle ; as, a truss of hay or straw. — 2.
In surgery, a bandage cr apparatus used in cases of rup-
tures, to keep up the reduced parts and hinder further
protrusion, and for other purposes. — 3. Among botanists,
a truss or bunch is atuftof flowei;s formed at the top of
the main stalk or stem of certain plants. — 4. In. navigation,
a machine to pull a lower yard close to its mast and retain
it firmly in that position. 5. SeeTRousE.
TRUSS, V. t. 1. To bind or pack close. 2. To skewer ; to
make fast. — To truss up, to strain ; to make close ol- tight.
TRUSSED, pp. Packed or bound closely.
TRUS'SING, ppr. Packing or binding closely. -^
TRUST, w. ['Da.n.tr'6st,troster ; Sw.trost.] J. Confidence;
a reliance or resting of the mind on the integrity, veracity,
justice, friendship or other sound principle of anotlier
person. 2. He or that which is the ground of confidence.
3. Charge received in confidence. 4. That wiiich is
committed to one's care. 5. Confident opinion of any
event. 6. Credit given without examination. 7. Credit
on promise of payment, actual or implied. 8. Something
committed to a person's care for use or management, and
for which an account must be rendered. 9. Confidence ;
special reliance on supposed honesty. 10. State of him
to whom something is intrusted. IL Care ; manage-
ment. 1 2\m vi. — 12, In law, an estate, devised or grant-
ed in confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey
it, or dispose of the profits, at the will of another; an
estate held for the use of another.
TRUST, V. t. 1. To place confidence in ; to rely on. 2. To
believe ; to credit. 3. I'o commit to tiie care of, in confi-
dence. 4. To venture confidently. 5. To give credit to ;
to sell to upon credit, or in confidence of future payment.
TRUST, 1). J. I. To be confident of something present or
future. 2. To be credulous ; tn be won to confidence.
TRUST'ED, pp. 1. Confided in ; relied on ; depended on.
2. Sold on credit, as goods or property 3, Delivered
'in confidence to the care of another.
TRUS-TEE', n 1. A person to whom any thing or business
si committed. 2. A person to whom is confided the man-
agement of an institiftion.
TRUST'ER, n. One who trusts or gives credit.
TRU8T'l-I.Y,adv. Faithfully; honestly; with fidelity.
TRUST'I-NESS, n. That quality of a person by which be
deserves the confidence of others ; fidelity ; faithfulness •
honesty.
TRUST INGj^^r. Confiding in ; giving credit.
TRUST'ING-LY, adv. With trust or implicit <-.onfidence.
TRUST'LESS, a. Not worthy of trust ; unfaiu ful.
TRUST'Y, a. 1. That may be safely trusted ; that justly
deserves confidence ; fit to be confided in. 2. That will
not fail ; strong ; firm.
TROTH, n. [Sax. treowth : G. treue.] 1, Conformity te
fact or reality ; exact accordance with that which is, or
has been, or shall be. 2. True state of facts or things. 3.
Conformity of words to thoughts, which is called moral
truth. 4. Veracity ; purity from falsehood ; practice ol
speaking truth ; habitual disposition to speak truth. 5.
Correct opinion. 6. Fidelity; constancy. 7. Honesty;
virtue. 8. Exactness ; conformity to rule ; [obs.] 9. Real
fact or just principle ; real state of things. 10. Sincer-
ity. Joh7i iv. 11. The truth of God is his veracity and
faithfulness. Ps. IxxL 12. Jesus Christ is called «Ae trwtA.
John xiv. 13. It is sometimes used by way of concession.
— In truth, in reality ; in fact.— 0/ a truth, in reality ;
certainly.
TRuTH'FUL, a. Full of truth. Barrington.
TRuTH'LESS, a. 1. Wanting truth. 2. Faithless.
t TRU-TI-Na'TION, n. [L. trutina.l The act of weighing
TRUT-Ta'CEOUS, a. [E. trutta.] Pertaining to the trout.
TRY, V. i. [This word is from the root of Dan. trekker, to
draw, or trykkcr, Sw. trycka, to press.] To excn
strength ; to endeavor ; to make an effort ; to attempt.
TRY, V. t. 1. To examine ; to make experiment on ; to
prove by experiment. 2. To experience ; to have knowl-
edge by experience of. 3. To prove by a test. 4. To act
upon as a test. 5. To examine judiciahy by witnesses
and tlie principles of law. 6. To essay ; to attempt. 7.
To purify ; to refine ; as, silver seven times tried. 8. To
search carefully into. Ps. xi. 9. To use as means. 10.
To strain; as, to «r?/ the eyes. — To try tallow, &g. is to
melt and separate it from the membranes. — To try out, to
pursue efforts til) a decision is obtained.
TRY' iNG, ppr. 1. Exerting strength; attempting. 2. Ex-
amining by searching or comparison with a test ; proving ;
using ; straining, &c. 3. a. Adapted to try, or put to se-
vere trial.
TR Y'-SAIL, 71. A sail used by a ship in a storm ; literally,
the strain-sail,
TUB, n. [D. tobbe ; G. zuber ; Gaelic, tubag.] 1. An open
wooden vessel formed with staves, heading and hoops ;
used for various domestic purposes, as for washing, for
making cheese, &c. 2. A state of salivation ; so called
because the patient was formerly sweated in a tub ; [obs.]
3. A certain quantity ; as a tub of tea, which is 60 pounds •
[local.] 4. A wooden vessel in which vegetables are
planted, for the sake of being movable and set in a house
in cold weather.
TUB, V. t. To planter set in a tub.
TUB'BER, 7i. In Cornwall,^, mining instrument, called in
other places a beele. Cyc.
TUB'BIiN'G, ppr. Setting in a tub.
TUBE, 72. [Fr. tube; L. tubus.] 1. A pipe; a siphon; a
canal or conduit ; a hollow cylinder. 2. A vessel of ani-
mal bodies or plants, which conveys a fluid or other sub-
stance. — 3. in botany, the narrow hollow part of a mon-
opetalous corol, by which it is fixed to the receptacle. —
4. In artillery, an instrument of tin, used in quick firing.
TUBE, V. t. To furnish with a tube ; as, to tube a well.
TtJ'BER, n. In botany, a knob in roots, solid, with the com-
ponent particifci all similar. Martyn.
TtJ'BER-CLE, n. [Fr. tubercule ; L. tuberculum.] J. A
pimple ; a small push, swelling or tumor on animal bodies.
2. A little knob, like a pimple, on plants ; a little knob oi
rough'point on the leaves of some lichens, supposed to be
the fructification.
TU-BERCU-LAR, or TU-BER'€U-LOUS, a. 1. Full of
knobs or pimples. 2. Affected with tubercles.
TU-BER'CU-LATE, a. Having small knobs or pimples.
Tu'BER-OSE, 71. [L. tuberosa.] A plant with a tuberous
root and a liliaceous flower, the polianthes tuberosa. The
botanic tevm.
TtJ'BER-OUS, a. [from L. tuber.] Knobbed. In botany,
consisting of roundish, fleshy bodies, or tubers, connected
into a bunch by intervening threads.
TUB'-FISH, 71. [tub aiidfish.] A species of trigla, some-
times called the flying-fish, Cyc.
TtJ'BI-PORE, n. A genus of zoophytes or corals.
Tu'BI-P0-RITE,7i. Fossil tubipores.
TUB'-MAN, n. In the exchequer, a barrister so called.
Tu'BU-LAR, a. [from L. tribus.] Having the form of a
tube or pipe ; consisting of a pipe ; fistular.
TtJ'BULE, n. [L. tubulus.] A small pipe or fistmar body.
TtJ'BU-LI-FORM, a. Having the form of a tube.
Tu'BU-LOUS, a. 1. Longitudinally hollow. 2. Containing
* See Synnps
E, T, O, U, Y, long.—FA-R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN MAR1^E, BIRD ;— Obsolete.
TUM
861
TUN
tubes J composed wholly of tubulous florets. — 3. In botany,
having a bell-shaped border, with five reflex segments,
rising from a tube.
TUCH, n. A kind of marble. Herbert.
TU€K, n. [Gaelic, tuca ; W. twca.'] 1. A long, narrow sword.
2. A kind of net. Carew. 3. [from the verb following.]
In a sJiip, the part where the ends of the bottom planks
are collected under the stern. 4. A fold j a pull ; a lug-
ging ; see Tug.
TUCK, V. t. [G zucken; Ir. tucalam.] 1. To thrust or
press in or together ; to fold under ; to press into a narrow-
er compass. 2. To inclose by tucking close around. 3.
To full, as cloth 3 [local.]
t TU€K, V. i. To contract ; to draw together. Sharp.
TU€K'ER, n. 1. A small piece of linen for shading the
breast of women. 2. A fuller, whence the name ; [local.]
TU€K'ET, w. [It. tocato.] 1. A flourish in music 5 a vol-
untary ; a prelude. 2. [It. tocchetto.] A steak ; a coUop.
TU€K'ET-SO-NANCE, n. The sound of the tucket, an
ancient instrument of music. Shak.
TU€K'ING, ppr. Pressing under or together ; folding.
Tu EL, n. [Fr. tuyeau.] The anus. Skinner.
TuES'DAY, (tuze'de) n. [Sw. TL^dag ; Dan Tirsdag , D
Dingsdag ; G. Dingstag ; Sax. Tiwcesdwg, or Tuesdceg,
from Tig, Tiig, or Tuisco, Mars.] The third day of the
week.
Tu'FA, I n. [It. tufo ; Fr. luf ,• G. tof.] A stone or porous
TUF, \ substance.
TU-Fa'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to tufa ; consisting of tufa,
or resembling it.
TUF-FOON', n. [a corruption of typhon.] A violent tem-
pest or tornado, frequent in the Chinese sea.
TUFT, 71. [W. twf; Ft.touffe, toupet ; Sw. tofs ; Sp. tupe.]
1. A collection nf small things in a knot or bunch. 2. A
cluster ; a clump. — 3. In botany, a head of flowers, each
elevated on a partial stalk, and a^l forming together a
dense, roundish mass.
TUFT,t;. t. 1. To separate into tufts. 2. To adorn witli
tufts or with a tuft. Thomson.
t TUF-TAF'FE-TA, n. A villous kind of silk.
TUFT'ED, pp. or a. Adorned with a tuft, as the tufted
duck ; growing in a tuft or clusters. Pope.
TUFT'Y, a. Abounding with tufts; growing in clusters;
bushy. Thomson.
T\JG,v.t. [Sax. teogan, teon; Fr. touer.] 1. To pull or
draw with great effort; to drag along with continued ex-
ertion ; to haul along. 2. To pull ; to pluck.
TUG, V. i. 1. To pull with great effort. 2. To labor; to
strive ; to struggle ; [not elegant.] Howe.
TUG, n. [G. zug.] 1. A pull with the utmost effort. 2. A
sort of carriage. — 3. In some parts of J^ew England, the
traces of a harsess are called tugs.
TUG'GER, n. One who tugs or pulls with great effort.
TUG'GING, ppr. Pulling with great exertion ; hauJlng.
TUG'GING-LY, adv. With laborious pulling. Bailey.
TU-l"TION, n. [L. tuitio.] 1. Guardianship ; superintend-
ing care over a young person ; the particular watch and
care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or ward. — 2.
More especially, instruction ; the act or business of teach-
ing the various branches of learning. 3. The money paid
for instruction.
Tu'LIP, n. [Fr. tulipe ; L. tulipa ; It. tulipano ; Sp. tulipan ;
D. tulp.] A plant and a flower of the genus tulipa.
TtJ'LIP-TREE, n. An American tree bearing ilowers.
TUM'BLE, i>. ?. [Sax. tumhian ; Sv/. tumla ; Dan. tumler ;
Fr. tomber ; Sp. tumbar.] 1. To roll ; to roll about by
turning one way and the other. 2. To fall ; to come
down suddenly and violently. 3. To roll down. 4. To
play mountebank tricks.
TUM'BLE, V. t. 1. To turn over ; to turn or throw about
for examination or searching. 2. To disturb ; to rumple.
TUM'BLE, n. A fall. UEstrange.
TUM'BLED, pp. Rolled; disturbed; rumpled; thrown
down.
TUM'BLER, n. 1. One who tumbles ; one who plays the
tricks of a mountebank. 2. A large drinking glass. 3.
A variety of the domestic pigeon, so called from his prac-
tice of tumbling or turning over in flight. 4. A sort of
dog, so called from his practice of tumbling before he at-
tacks his prey. Swan.
TUM'BLING, ^p^*^. Rolling about ; falling; disturbing;
mmpling.
TUM'BLING-BAY, n. In a canal, an overfall or weir.
TUM'BREL, n. [Fr. tomber eau.] 1. A ducking-stool for
the punishment of scolds. 2. A dung-cart. 3. A cart or
carriage with two wheels, which accompanies troops or
artillery, for conveying the tools of pioneers, cartridges
and the like.
TUM'BRIL, n. A contrivance of the basket kind, or a kind
of cage of osiers, willows, &c., for keep; jg bay and other
ibod for sheep.
TU-ME-F ACTION, n. [L. tumefacio.] The act or process
of swelling or rising into a tumor ; a tumor ; a swelling,
TtJ'ME-FlED, 2>p- [from tumefy.] Swelled ; enlarged.
TC'ME-F^', 0. t. [L. tumefacio; tvmidus,tumeo, and facto j
To swel[, or cause to swell.
Tu'ME-Fy, V. i. To swell ; to rise in a tumor.
Tu'ME-FY-ING, ppr. Swelling ; rising in a tumor.
Tu'MlD, a. [L. tumidus.] ]. Being swelled, enlarged or
distended. 2. Protuberant; rising above the level. 3.
Swelling in sound or sense ; pompous; puffy ; bombastic ;
falsely sublime.
Tu'MID-LY, adv. In a swelling form.
Tu'MID-NESS, n. A swelling or swelled state.
Tu'MITE, n. A mineral. See Thummerstone.
Tu'MOR,n. [L.] 1. In swr^-er?/, a swelling; a morbid enlarge-
ment of any part of the body. 2. Affected pomp ; bom-
bast in language; swelling words or expressions] false
magnificence or sublimity ; [little v^ed.] Wotton.
Tu'MORED, a. Distended ; swelled. Junius.
TU'MOR-OUS, a. 1. Swelling; protuberant. Wotton 2
Vainly pompous ; bombastic, as language or style ; [► u~\
TUMP, n. A little hilloc.
TUMP, V. t. [W. twmp ; L. tumulus.'^ In gardening, to
form a mass of earth or a hilloc round a plant.
TUMPED, pp. Surrounded with a hilloc of earth.
TUMr'l]SiG,ppr. Raising a mass of earth round a plant.
Tu'MU-LAR, a. [L. tumulus.] Consisting in a heap ,
formed or being in a heap or hilloc. Pinkerton.
t Tu'MU-LATE, V. i. To swell.
TU-MU-LOS'I-TY, n. Hilliness. Bailey.
Tu'MU-LOUS, a. [L. timmdvsus.] Full of hills. Bailey
Tu'MULT, n. [L. tumultus.] 1. The commotion, diturb-
ance or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied
with great noise, uproar and confusion of voices. 2. Vi-
olent commotion or agitation with confusion of sounds.
3. Agitation; higli excitement; uregular or confused
motion. 4. Bustle ; stir.
Tu'MULT, V. i. To make a tumult ; to be in great commo-
tion. Milton.
jTu'MULT-ER, n. One who makes a tumult. Milton.
TU-MULT'U-A-RI-LY, adv. [from tumultuary.] In a
tumultuary or disorderly manner.
TU-MULT'U-i^-RI-NESS, n. Disorderly or tumultuous
conduct ; turbulence ; disposition to tumult. K. Charles.
TU-MULT'U-A-RY, a. [I't.Uimultuaire.] 1. Disorderly,
promiscuous ; confused. 2. Restless ; agitated ; unquiet.
t TU-MULT'U-ATE, v. i. [L. tumultuo.] To make a tu-
mult
TU-MULT-U-A'TION, n. Commotion ; irregular or disor-
derly movement. Buyle.
TU-MULT'U-OUS, a. [Fr. tumultueux.] 1. Conducted
with tumult ; disorderly. 2. Greatly agitated ; irregular;
noisy ; confused. 3. Agitated ; disturbed. 4. Turbulent;
violent. 5. Full of tumult and disorder.
TU-MULT'U-OUS-LY", adu. In a disorderly maniiCr ; by a
disorderly multitude.
TU-MULT'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being tumultu-
ous ; disorder ; commotion.
TUN, n. [Sax., Sw. tunna; Fr. tonne, tonneau; Ir. tonna ;
G. tonne ; D. ton.] 1. In a general sense, a large cask ;
an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or
puncheon, and girt with hoops. 2. A certain measure
for liquids, as for wine, oil, &;c. 3. A quantity of wine,
consisting of two pipes or four hogsheads, or 252 gallons.
— 4. In commerce, the weight of twenty hundreds gross,
each hundred consisting of 112i6.=2240Z&. 5. A certain
weight by which the burden of a ship is estimated. 6. A
certain quantity of timber, consisting of forty solid feet
if round, or fifty-four feet if square. 7. Proverbially, a
large quantity. — 8. In burlesque, a drunkard. 9. At the
end of names, tun, ton, or don, signifies town, village or
hill.
TUN, V. t. To put into casks. Bacon. Boyle.
Tu'NA-BLE,a. [horn tune,] 1. Harmonious ; musical. 2
That may be put in tune.
Tu']\A-BLE-NESS, n. Harmony; melodiousness.
Tu'NA-PLY, adv. Harmoniously ; musically.
TUN'-BEL-LIED, a. Having a large, protuberant belly.
TUN'-DISH, 71. [tun audi disk.] A tunnel.
TUNE, n. [Fr. ton ,• It. tuono ; D. toon ; W. ton ; Ir. tona ,
L. to7iv^.] 1. A series of musical notes in some particu-
lar measure, and consisting of a single series, for one
voice or instrument, the effect of which is melody. 2.
Sound ; note. 3. Harmony ; order ; concert of parts. 4.
The state of giving the proper sounds. 5. Proper state
for use or application ; right disposition ; fit temper or
humor.
TUNE, V. t. 1. To put into a state adapted to produce tiie
proper sounds. 2. To sing with melody or harmoiiy. 3.
To put into a state proper for any purpose ; [little used.]
TUNE, V. i. 1. To form one sound to another. 2. To utter
inarticulate harmony with the voice,
TuNED, pp. Uttered melodiously or harmoniously ; put in
order to produce the proper sounds.
TuNE'FUL, <7 Harmonious; melodious; musical. Dryden.
TuNE'LESS, a. 1. Unmusical ; unh.;rmonious. 2. Not
II employed in making music ; as, a tunecess harp.
See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S a« Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsoicte.
TUR
862
TUR
rCNER.^ 71, 1. One who tunes. S.iaJc. 2. One whose oc-
cupation is to tuue musical instruments.
TUNG, a. A name given by the Indians to a small insect,
called by the Spaniards pique.
TUNG, n. [Sax. tung, tunga ; Sw. tunga; Dan. tunge : I).
tojig.] In man, the instrument of taste, and the chief in-
strum^^nt of s:>eech. See Tongue.
TUNG'STATjsi, 71. A salt formed of tungstenic acid and a
base.
TU^G'STEN, 71. [Sw., Dan. tung and sten.] In mineralogy,
a minerai of a yellowish or gravish-white color.
TUNG-STEN'I€, a. Pertaining"to tungsten.
Tu'Nie, n. [Fr. tmiique; h. tunica.] 1. A kind of waist-
coat or under garment worn by men in ancient Rome and
the East. — 2. Among the religions, a woolen shirt or
under garment. — 3. In anatomy, a membrane that covers
or comfioses some part or organ. 4. A natural covering ;
an integument.
TdNI-€A-TED, a. In Lotany, covered with a tunic or
membranes ; coated, as a ste'm.
Td'.\1-€LE, n. A natural covering ; an integument.
TdN'ING, ppr. Uttering harmoniously or melodiously ;
putting in due order for making the proper sounds.
TuN'ING-FORK, n. A steel instmment consisting of two
prongs and a handle, used for tuning instruments.
TtJN'ING-HAM-MER, n. An instrument fortuning instru-
ments of music. Busby.
TUNK'ER, n. [G. tunken.] The T'lmkers are a religious
sect in Pennsylvania, of German origin.
TUN'NA6E, 71. 1 . The amount nf tuns that a ship will
carry ; tne content or burden of a ship. 2. The duty
charged on ships according to their burden or the num-
ber of tuns at which they are rated. 3. A duty laid on
liquors according to their measure. 4. A duty paid to
mariners by merchants for unloadhig their ships, after a
rate by the tun. 5. The whole amount of shipping, esti-
mated by the tuns.
TUN'NEL, n. [Yi.tovndle.'] 1. A vessel with a broad
mouth at one end, and a pipe or tube at the other, for
conveying liquor into casks. 2. The opening of a chim-
ney for the passage of smoke ; called, generally, a funnel.
3. "a large subterraneous arch through a hili for a canal
and the passage of boats.
TUJM'NEL, V. t. 1. To form like a tunnel. 2. To catch in
a net called a tunnel-net. 3. To form with net-work.
TUN'NEL-KILN, n. A lime-kiln in which coal is burnt.
TUN'NELr-NET, n. A net with a wide mouth at one e:d
and narrow at the other. Cyc.
TUN'NEL-PIT, n. A shaft sunk from the top of the ground
to the level of an intended tunnel, for drawing up the
earth and stones.
TUN'NING, ppr. Putting into casks.
TUN'NY, 71. [It. to 77710 ,• Ft. than; G. thunfisch ; 1,. thyn-
nus.] A fish of the genus sco7;f6er. Cyc.
TUP, n. Aram. [Local.]
TUP, V. t. [Gr. TVTTTd).] 1. To butt, as a ram ; [local.] 2.
To cover, as a ram ; [local.]
TU'PE-LO, n. A tree f the germs nyssa. Mease.
TUP'-MAN, 71. A man who deals in tups. [Local.]
TUR'BAN, ?!. [Ar.] 1. A head-dress worn by the orientals,
consisting of a cap, and a sash of fine linen or tafieta. — 2.
In concJiology, the w]iole set of whirls of a shell.
TUR'BANED, a. Wearing a turban. Hhak.
TUR'BAN-SHELL, n. In natural history, a genus of shells.
TUR'BAN-TOP, n. A plant of the genus helvella.
TUR'BA-RY, 7i. [from turf: L.aXimzed, turbaria.] 1. In
law, a right of digging turf on another man's land. 2.
The place where turf is dug. Coicel.
rUR'BID, a. [L. turbidus.] Properly, having the lees dis-
turbed ; but in a 7?(ore general sense, muddy j foul with
extraneous matter; thick, not clear.
t TUR BID-LY, adv. Proudly ; haughtily ; a Latinism.
TUR'BID-NESS, n. Muddiness ; foulness.
TUR-BILL'ION, n. [Fr. tourbillon.] A whirl ; a vortex.
TUR'BI-NATE, \ a. [L. turbinatus.] 1. In conchology,
TUR'BI-NA-TED, S spiral, or wreathed conically from a
larger base to a kind of apex. — 2. In botany, shaped like a
top or cone inverted ; narrow at the base, and broad at
the apex. 3. Whirling ; [liitle used.]
TUR-BI-Na TION, 71. The act of spinning or whirling, as
a top.
TURBIN-ITE, or TUR'BITE, 7i. A petrified shell of the
turbo kind. Kirwan.
TUR'BIT, 71. 1. A variety of the domestic pigeon, remark-
able for its short beak. 2. The turbot.
TUR'EITH, or TUR'PETH, n. A root brought from the
East Indies. It is cathartic.
TUR'BOT, 77. [Fr.] A fish of the genus pZewronecie/.
TUR BU-LENCE, \n. 1. A disturbed state ; tumult ; con-
TUR'BU-LEN-CY, ( fusion. 2. Disorder or tumult of
the passions. 3. Agitation ; tumultuousness. 4. Dispo-
sition to resist authority ; insubordination
rUR'BU-LENT, o. [i^.turbulentiLs.] 1 Disturbed; agi-
tated ; tumultuous ; being in violent commotion. 2. Rest-
less ; unquiet ; refractory ; disposed to insubordination
and disorder. 3. Producing commotion.
TUR'BU-LENT-LY, a<Z«. Tumultuously ; with violent agi-
tation ; with refractoriness.
* TUR'CfSM, 71. The religion of the Turks.
TUR€OIS. See Turkois.
TU-REEN', 71. A domestic vessel for holding soup or sauce
on the table.
TURF, n. [Sax. tyrf ; D. turf; G., Sw. tor/.] 1. That
upper stratum of eaith and vegetable mold, which is filled
with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to
adliere and form a kind of mat. 2. Peat ; a pecuhar kind
of blackish, fibrous, vegetable, earthy substance, used as
fuel. 3. Race-ground, or horse-racing.
TURF, V. t. To cover with turf or sod.
TURF'-€oV-ERED, a. Covered with turf. Tooke.
TURF'-DRAIN, n. A drain filled with turf or peat.
TURFED, pp. Covered with turf or green sod.
TURF'-HEDGE, 7i. A hedge or fence formed with turf and
plants of difierent kinds. Cijc.
TURF'-HOUSE, 7!. A house or shed formed of turf.
TURF'I-NESS, 77. The state of abounding with turf, or of
having the consistence or qualities of turf.
TURF'ING, ppi-. Covering with turf.
TURF'ING, /(. The operation of laying down turf, or cov-
ering with turf.
TURF'ING-lR-ON, n. An implement for paring off turf".
TURF'ING-SPADE, 77. An instrument for under cutting
turf, when marked out by the plough. Cyc-
TURF'-MOSS, n. A tract of turfv, mossy or boggy land.
TURF-SPADE, n. A spade for cutting and digging turf,
longer and narrower than the common spade. Cyc.
TURFY, a. 1. Abounding with turf. 2. Having the qual-
ities of turf.
TUR'GENT, a. [L. turgens ] Swelling ; tumid ; rising
into a tumor or pulfy state.
TUR-GES'CENCE, ) 77. [L. turgescens.] L The act of
TUR-6ES'CEN-CY, \ swelling. 2. The state of being
swelled. 3. Empty pompousness ; inflation ; bombast.
TUR'GID, a. [L. turgidus.] 1. Swelled ; bloated ; distend-
ed beyond its natural state by some internal agent or ex-
pansive force. 2. Tumid ; pompous ; inflated ; bom-
bastic.
TUR-6ID'I-TY, 71. State of being swelled; tumidness.
TUR GID-LY, adv. With swelling or empty pomp.
TUR'GID-NESS, 77. 1. A swelling or swelled state of a
thing ; distention beyond its natural state by some inter-
nal force or agent, as in a limb. 2. Pompousness ; infla-
ted manner of writing or speaking ; bombast.
TU-RI-0-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. tuno and fero.] Producing
shoots. Barton.
TUR'KEY, I n. A large fowl, the meleagris gallopavo, a
TUR'KY, \ distinct" genus.
TUR'KEY-STONE, 7i. Another name of the oil-stone.
* TURK'OiS, 71. [Fr. turquoise ; from Turkey.] A mineral,
called, also, calaite, brought from the east.
TURK>S'-€AP, 71. A plant of the genus lilium.
TURK'S'-HEAD, 7i. A plant of the genus cactus.
TURK'S'-TUR-BAN, n. A plant of the genus ranunculus
TURM, n. [l..turma.] A troop. [J\rot Enaiish.] Milton.
TUR'MA-LIN, 71. An electric stone. See Tourmalin.
TUR'MER-I€, 71. [It. turtumaglio.] Indian saffron.
* TUR-MOIL', 71. Disturbance ; tumult ; harassing labor ;
trouble ; molestation by tumult. Shak.
TUR-MOIL', V. t. 1. To harass with commotion. 2. To
disquiet ; to weary.
TUR-MOIL', V. i. To be disquieted ; to be in commo-
tion.
TURN, V. t. [Sax. turnan, tyrnan : L. torno ; Fr. toumer.]
1. To cause to move in a circular course. 2. To change
or shift sides ; to put the upper side downwards, or one
side in the place of the other. 3. To alter, as a position
4. To cause to preponderate ; to change the state of a
balance. 5. To bring the inside out. 6. To alter, as the
posture of the body, or direction of the look. 7. To form
on a lathe ; to make round. 8. To form ; to shape. 9.
To change ; to transform ; as, to turn evU to good. 10.
To metamorphose. 11. To alter or change, as color.
12. To change or alter in any manner ; to vary. 13. To
translate. 14. To change, as the manner of writing
15. To change, as from one opinion or party to another.
16. To change in regard to inclination or temper. 17. To
change or alter from one purpose or effect to another. 18.
To transfer. 19. To cause to nauseate or lothe. 20. To
make giddy. 21. To infatuate ; to make mad, wild or
enthusiastic. 22. To change direction to or from any
point. 23. To direct by a change to a certain purpose or
object; to direct, as the inclination, thoughts or mind.
24. To revolve ; to agitate in the mind. 25. To bend
from a perpendicular direction. 26. To move from a
direct course or straight line ; to cause to deviate. 27. To
apply by a change of use. 28. To reverse. 29. To keep
passing and changing in the course of trade. 30. To
adapt the mind. 31. To make acid ; to sour. 32. To
See Syyinpsis. A, E I, O, U, Y, long.—FAB., FALL, WHAT -,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
TUR
863
TWA
persuade to renounce an opinion ; to dissuade from a pur-
pose, or cause to change sides.
To turn aside, to avert. — To turn aicay. 1. To dismiss from
service ; to discard. 3. To avert. — To turn back, to re-
turn j [l. u.] — To turn dozen, to fold or double down. —
To turn in, to fold or double.— 2^0 twrn off. 1. To dismiss
contemptuously. 2. To give over ; to resign. 3. To
divert 5 to deflect. — To be turned of, to be advanced be-
yond. — To turn out. 1. To drive out ; to expel. 2. To
put to pasture, as cattle or horses. — To turn over. 1. To
change sides ; to roll over. 2. To transfer. 3. To open
and examine one leaf after another. 4. To overset. — To
turn to, to have recourse to. — To turn upon, to retort 5 to
throw back,— To turn the back, to flee ; to retreat. Ex.
xxiii. — To turn the back upon, to quit with contempt 3 to
forsake. — To turn the die or dice, to change fortune.
TURN, V. i. 1. To move round ; to have a circular motion.
2. To be directed. 3. To show regard by directing the
look towards any thing. 4. To move the body round.
5. To move ; to change posture. 6. To deviate. 7. To
cilter ; to be changed or transformed. 8. To become by
change. 9. To change sides. 10. To change opinions or
parties. 11. To change the mind or conduct. 12. To
change to acid. 13. To be brought eventually ; to result
or terminate in. 14. To depend on for decision. 15. To
become giddy. 16. To change a course of lile ; to repent.
17. To change the course or direction.
To turn about, to move the face to another quarter. — To turn
away. 1. To deviate. 2. To depart from ; to forsake.—
To turn in. 1. To bend inwards, 2. To enter for lodg-
ings or entertainment. Gen. xix. 3. To go to bed. — To
turn off, to be diverted j to deviate from a course. — To
turn on or upon. 1 . To reply or retort. 2. To depend on.
— To turn out. 1. To move from its place, as a bone. 2.
To bend outwards ; to project, 3. To rise from bed ; also,
to come abroad. — To turn over. 1. To turn from side to
side ; to roll ; to tumble. 2. To change sides or parties. —
To turn to, to be directed, — To turn under, to bend or be
folded downwards. — To turn up, to bend or be doubled
upwards
.rUE,X, 71. 1. The act of turning ; movement or motion in
a circular direction, whether horizontally, vertically or
otherwise; a revolution. 2. A winding; a meandering
course; a bend or bending. 3. A walk to and fro. 4.
Change ; alteration ; vicissitude. 5. Successive course.
G. Mannerof proceeding; change of direction. 7. Chance;
hap ; opportunity. 8. Occasion ; incidental opportunity.
9. Time at which, by successive vicissitudes, any thing
is to be had or done, JO, Action of kindness or malice.
II. Reigning inclination or course. 12. A step off the
ladder at the gallows, 13, Convenience ; occasion ; pur-
pose ; exigence, 14, Form ; cast ; shape ; manner ; in a
literal or figurative sense. 15, Manner of arranging words
in a senten"ce, 16. Change ; new position of things. 17.
Change of direction. 18. One round of a rope or cord. —
19. Ini mining, a pit sunk in some part of a. drift. — 20.
Turn, OT tourn,m laic. The sheriff's turn is a court of
record, held by the sheriff twice a year in every hundred
within his county ; [England.] — By turn^. 1.' One after
another; alternately. 2. At intervals. — To take turns, to
take each other's places alternately.
TURN -BENCH, n. A kind of irou'lathe. JMozon.
TURN'-€oAT, n. [turn and coat.] One who forsakes his
pany or principles. Shak.
TURNED, pp. Moved in a circle ; changed.
TUR'NEP, n. [Sax. nape: 1.. napus.] A bulbous root or
plant of the genus brassica, of great value for rood.
TURN ER, n. One whose occupation is to form things with
a lathe ; one who turns.
TURNER-ITE, n. A rare mineral. Phillips.
TURN ER-Y, n. 1. The art of forming into a cylindrical
shape by the lathe. 2., Things made by a turner.
TURNING, ppr. Moving in a circle ;" changing ; A\nnd-
ing.
TURN'ING, 71, 1. A winding ; a bending course ; flexure ;
meander, 2. Deviation from the wav or proper course,
t TURNTNG-NESS, ?!. Quality of turning: tergiversation.
TURN'PiKE, n. 1. StnctZ;/, a frame conslsting'of two bars
crossing each other at right angles, and turning on a post
or pin, "to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a
person to pass between the arms. 2. A gate set across a
road to stop travelers and carriages till toll is paid for
Kee;ung the road in repair. 3. A turnpike-road. — 4. In
miliiarii affairs, a beam filled with spikes to obstruct pas-
sage. Cue.
TURN'PiIslE, V. t. To form, as a road, in the manner of a
turnpike-road ; to throw the path of a read into a rounded
form. .Med Repps.
TURN PIKE-RoAD, n. A road on which turnpikes or toU-
eates are established by law, Cyc.
TURN SERV-ING, «. The act or practice of serving one's
turn or promoting private interest.
TURN'SICK, a. [turn and sick.] Giddy. Bacon.
TURN SOLE, n. [turn, and L sol.] A plant.
TURNSPIT, n. 1. A person who turns a spit. 2, A va-
riety of the dog, so called from turning the spit.
TURN'STlLE, n. A turnpike in a toot-path.
TURNSTONE, n. A bird, called the sea-dotterel.
TUR'PEN-TlNE, n. [L. terebinthina ; Sp., It. trementina ;
G. terpentin.] A transparent, resinous substance, flowing
from several species of trees, as from the pine, larch,
fir, &c.
TURTEN-TlNE-TREE, n. A tree of the genus pistacia.
TURP'I-TUDE, n. [Ft. ; L. turpitudo.] 1. Inherent base-
ness or vileness of principle in the human heart ; extreme
depravity. 2. Baseness or vileness of words or actions ;
shameful wickedness.
TUR'aUOISE. [See Turkois.] Shak.
TUR'REL, 71, A tool used by coopers, Sherwood.
TUR RET, 71. [L. turris.] 1. A little tower; a small emi-
nence or spire attached to a building and rising above it.
— 2. In the art of war, movable turrets, used formerly by
the Romans, were buildings of a square form, consisting
of ten or even twenty stories,
TUR'RET-ED, a. 1. Formed like a tower. Bacon. 2
Furnished with turrets,
TURRLL-ITE, n. The fossil remains of a spu^l multilocu-
lar shell. Ed. Encyc.
TUR'TLE, 7i, [Sax; Ti. tourterelle: 1.. turtur.] 1. A fowl
of the genus columba ; called, also, the turtle-dove. 2,
The name sometimes given to the common tortoise, 3.
The name given to the large sea-tortoise.
TUR'TLE-DoVE, 7i, A species of the genus coZmttiJg,
TUR'TLE-SHELL, ?i, [turtle a.nd shell.] A shell, a beau-
tiful species of jnurez ; also, tortoise-shell,
TUS'CAN, a. Pertaining to Tuscany, in Italy ; an epithet
given to one of the orders of columns.
TUS'CAN, n. An order of columns.
TUSH, an exclamation, indicating check or rebuke.
TUSH, n. [Sax. tux.] A tooth,
TUSK, ?;. [Sax, tux.] The long, pointed tooth of certain
rapacious, carnivorous or fighting animals.
t TUSK, V. i. To gnash the teeth, as a boar. B. Jonson.
TUSKED. I a. Furnished with tusks ; as, the tusky boar
TUSK'Y, \ Drvden.
TUS'SLE, n. A struggle ; a conflict. [Vulgar.] iJeeTousE.
t TUS'SUC, or t TUS'SOC, n. A tuft of grass or twigs.
Greic.
TUT, an exclamation, used for checking or rebuking.
TUT, 71. An imperial ensign of a golden globe with a cross
on it. — Tut-bargain, among miners, a bargain by the
lump.
TDTEL-A6E, n. [from L. tutela.] 1, Guardianship ; pro
tection. Bacon. 2, State of being under a guardian,
Tu TE-LAR, ) a. [L. tutelaris.] Having the guardian-
TU'TE-LA-RY, ^ ship or charge of protecting a person or
a thing ; guEirdian ; protecting.
Tu'TE-NAG, ji. The Chinese name of zink.
Tu TOR, 71. [L. ; Fr. tuteur.] 1. In the civil law, a guar-
dian ; one who has the charge of a child or pupil and his
estate. 2. One who has the care of instructing another in
various branches or in any branch of human learning. —
3. In wiiversities and colleges, an ofiicer or member of
some hall, who has the charge of instructing the students
TU'TOR, V. t. 1. To teach; to instruct, Shak. 2, To treat
with authority or severity, 3. To correct.
TU'TOR-AGE, n. 1. In the civil Z aw, guardianship ; the
charge of a pupil and his estate. 2. The authority or so-
l^emnity of a tutor ; [little used.]
Tu'TORED, pp. Instructed; corrected; disciplined.
TU'TOR-ESS, 71. A female tutor; an instructress; a gov-
erness. Alore.
TU'TOR-ING, ppr. Teaching ; directing ; correcting.
Tt'iTOR-ING, 71. The act of instructing ; education.
TU'TOR-SHIP, 77. Office of a tutor. Hooker.
Tutrix, n. a female guardian. Smollett.
TUT'SAN, n. A plant of the genus A7/;>er7c«f7«.
TUT'TI, 7i. [L. toti.] In Italian music, a direction for all to
play in full concert.
TUTTY, n. [It.tuzia; how 1,. tuda.] An argillaceous ore
of zink, found in Persia,
t TUZ, n. [qvi. touse.] A lock or tuft of hair. Dryden.
TWAIN, a. or 77. [Sax, twegen ; Sw, tvennc : Dan. tvende.]
Two, [J^earhj obsolete.]
TWAIT, 7!. 1, A fish. 2. In old writers, woodland with the
wood grubbed up and converted into arable land ; [local.]
TWANG. V. i. [D. dwang ; Dan. tvang ; Sw. tcang.] To
sound with a quick, sharp noi.se ; to make the sound of a
string which is stretched and suddenly pulled.
TWANG, V. t. To make to sound, as by pulling a tense
string and letting it go suddenly, Shak.
TWANG, 77. 1. A sharp, quick sound. 2. An affected
modulation of the voice •, a kind of i.asal sound.
TWAN'GLE, v.i. To twang. Shak.
TWANG'ING, PP7-. 1, Making a sharp sound. 2. a. Con-
temptibly noisy. Shak.
TWANK, a. coimptJon of twang. .Addison.
'TVYAS, a contraction of it was.
See Synopsis. MOVE BOOK, D6VE ■,— BflLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J 3 S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
TWT
864
TWO
rW^T'TLE, V. i. [G. schwatzen.] To prate ; to talk much
and idly ; to gabble ; to chatter. UEstrange.
rWAT'TLE, V. t. To pet ; to make much of. {Local.}
Grose.
TWAT'TLING, pyr. or a. Prating ; gabbling ; chattering.
TWAT'TLING, n. The act of prating ; idle talk.
t TWAY, for twain, two. Spenser.
'^W A Y'-BLAuE, ; n. A plant of the genus ophris ; a poly-
TWy'-BLADE, j petalous flower.
TWiiAG, or TWeAK, v. t. [Sax. twiccian ; G. zwicken.]
To twitch ; to pinch and pull with a sudden jerk. Swift.
t TWrAG, 71. Distress; a pinching condition. Arbuthnot
TWEE'DLE, v. t. To handle lightly ; used of awkward
fiddling. Addison.
TWEEL, ?). t. To weave with multiplied leases in the
harness, by increasing the number of threads in each split
of the reed, and the number of treddles, &c.
TWEE'ZER-€ASE, n. A case for carrying tweezers,
TWEE'ZERS, 11. Nippers ; small pincers used to pluck
out hairs.
TWELFTH, a. [Sax. twelfta ; Sw. tolfte.] The second
after the tenth ; the ordinal of twelve.
TWELFTH'-TiDE, n. [twelfth and tide.] The twelfth day
after Christmas, Tusser.
TWELVE, (twelv) a. [Sax. twelf; D. twaalf; G. zw'dlf.]
The sum of two and ten ; twice six ; a dozen,
TWELVE'MoNTH, (twelv'munth) ?i. [twelve and month.]
A year, which consists of twelve calendar months.
TWELVE'PENGE, (twelv'oens) n. A shilling.
TVVELVE'PEN-NY, (twelv'pen-ny) a. Sold for a shillmg ;
worth a shilling. Dryden.
TWELVE'SGORE a. Twelve times twenty.
TWEN'TI-ETH, a. [Sax. twentigtha, twentogotha.] The
ordinal of twenty. X>r?/<few.
TWEN'TY, a. [Sax. twenti, twentig.] 1. Twice ten. 2.
Proverbially, an indefinite number,
TWi'BIL, n. A kind of mattock, and a halbert.
TWIGE, adv. [from two.] 1. Two times. 2 Doubly; as,
twice the sum. — 3. Twice is used in composition ; as in
t?c/ce-told.
* TWID'LE, for ticeedle. See Tweedle.
TWi'FAl,-LoW, zj. <. [tici, two, and fallow.] To plough a
second time land that is fallowed.
TWiFAL-LoWED, pp. Ploughed twice, as summer fallow.
TWi'PAL-l.oW-ING, ppr. Ploughing a second time.
T Wi'FAL-LoW-lNG, ?;. The operation of ploughing a
second time, as fallow land, in preparing it for seed.
t TWi'FoLD, a. Twofold. Speiiser.
TWIG, 71. [Sax. twig : D. ticyg.] A small shoot or branch
of a tree or other plant. Raleigh.
TWIG'GEN, a. Made of twigs; wicker. Grew.
TWIG'GY, a. Full of twigs; abounding wi*h shoots.
TWi'LlGHT, (twillte) v. [Sax, tweon-leoht, doubtful light.]
1. The faint light which is reflected upon the earth after
sunset and before sunrise ; crepuscular light. 2, Dubious
or uncertain view.
TWi'LIGHT, a. 1. Obscure; imperfectly illuminated;
shaded. 2. Seen or done by twilight.
TWILL, V. t. To weave in ribs or ridges ; to quill.
TWILT, n. A quilt. [Local.] Grose.
TWIN, 71. [Sax. ticinan.] 1. One of two young produced
at a birth by an animal that ordinarily brings but o-ne. 2.
A sign of the zodiac ; Gemini. 3. One very much re-
sembling another.
TWIN, a. 1. Noting one of two born at a birth. 2. Very
much resembling. — 3. In botany, swelling out into two
protuberances, as an anther or serm.
TWIN, V. i. I. To be born at the same birth. 2. To bring
two at once. 3. To be paired ; to be suited.
TWIN, V. t. To separate into two parts. Chaucer.
TWIN'-BORN, a. Born at the same birth.
TWINE, V. t. [Sax. twin an ; Y). twynen; Sw.tvinna.] 1.
To twist ; to wind, as one thread or cord around another,
or as any flexible substance around another body. 2. To
unite closely ; to cling to ; to embrace. 3. To gird ; to
wrap closely about.
TWINE, V. i. 1, To unite closely, or by interposition of
parts. 2. To wind ; to bend ; to make turns. 3. To turn
round.
TWINE, 71. 1. A strong thread composed of two or three
smaller threads or strands twisted together. 2. A twist ;
a convolution ; as, Typhon's snaky ttoine. 3. Embrace ;
act of winding round.
TWiNED, pp. Twisted ; wound round.
TWINGE, (twinj) v. t. [Sw. tvinga ; D. dwingen ; Dan.
tvinger.] 1. To affect with a sharp, sudden pain ; to tor-
meiit with pinching or sharp pains. 2. To pinch ; to
tweak ; to pull with a jerk.
TWINGE, (twinj) v.i. To have a sudden, sharp, local
pain, like a twitch ; to suffer a keen spasmodic or shoot-
ing pain ; as, the side twinges.
TWINGE, (twinj) n. 1. A sudden, sharp pain ; a darting,
local pam of momentary continuance. 2, A sharp rebuke
of conscience, 3, A pinch; a tweak.
TWING'ING, ppr. Suffering a sharp, local pain of short
continuance ; pinching with a sudden pull.
TWING'ING, 71. The act of pinching with a sudden twitch •
a sudden, sharp, local pain.
TWlN'lNG, ppr. 1. Twisting ; winding round ; uniting
closely to ; embracing.— 2, In botany, ascending spirally
around a branch, stem or prop,
TWINK, See Twinkle.
TWIN'KLE, V. i. [Sax. twinclian.] 1. To sparkle ; to flash
at intervals ; to shine with a tremulous, intermitted light,
or with a broken, ouivering light. 2. To open and shut
the eye by turns. 3. To play irregularly.
TWIN'KLE, I n. 1. A sparkling ; a shining with inter-
TWIN'KLING, \ mitted light. 2. A motion of the eye
3. A moment ; an instant ; the time of a wink.
TWIN'KLING, ppr. Sparkling.
TWIN'LING, 71. [from twin.] A twin lamb. Tusser.
TWINNED, a. [from twin.] Produced at one birth, like
twins ; united. Milton.
TWIN'NER, n. A breeder of twins. Tusser.
TWIN'TER,7i. Abeasttwo winters old. [Local.] Grose.
t T WIRE, V. i. To take short flights ; to flutter ; to quiver ;
to twitter. Chaucer.
TWIRL, V t. [D. dwarlen ,• G. qAierlcn.] To move or turn
round with rapidity ; to whirl round.
TWiRL, V. i. To revolve with velocity ; to be whirled
round.
TWiRL, n. 1. A rapid circular motion ; quick rotation
2, Twist ; convolution. Woodward.
TWIRLED, pp. Whirled round.
TWiRL'ING, ppr. Turning with velocity ; whirling.
TWIST, V. t. [Sax. getwistan ; D. twisten.] 1. To unite by
winding one thread, strand or other flexible substance
^ round another ; to form by convolution, or winding sepa-
rate things round each other. 2. To form into a thread
from many fine filaments. 3. To contort ; to writhe. 4.
To wreathe ; to wind ; to encircle. 5. To form ; to
weave. 6. To unite by intertexture of parts. 7. To
unite ; to enter by winding ; to insinuate! 8. To per-
A ert. 9. To turn from a straight line.
TWIST, V. i. To be contorted or united by winding round
each other.
TWIST, 7?. 1. A cord, thread or any thing flexible, formed
by winding strands or separate things round each other.
2. A cord ; a string ; a single cord. 3. A contortion ; a
writhe. 4. A little roll of tobacco. 5. JVlanner of twist-
ing. 6. A twig ; [obs.]
TWiST'ED, pp. Formed by winding threads or strands
round each other,
TWIST'ER, n. 1. One that twists. 2. The instrument of
twisting.
TWIST'ING, ppr. Winding different strands or threads
round each other ; forming into a thread by twisting.
TWIT, V. t. [Sax. othwitan, edwitan,(Btwitan.] To reproach ,
to upbraid, as for some previous act.
TWITCH, V. t. [Sax. twiccian.] To pull with a sudden
jerk ; to pluck with a short, quick motion ; to snatch.
TWITCH, V. 1. A pull with a jerk ; a short, sudden, quick
pull. 2. A short, spasmodic contraction of the fibres or
muscles.
TWITCHED, pp. Pulled with a jerk.
TWITCH'ER, 71. One that twitches.
TWITCH'-GRASS, n. Couch-grass ; a species of grass
which it is difficult to exterminate.
TWITCH'ING, ppr. VnWmg with a jerk; suff"ering short
spasmodic contractions.
TWIT'TED, pp. Upbraided.
TV\"IT'TER, V. t. [D kwetteren ; Dan. quidrer ; Sw. quit-
tra.] 1. To make a succession of small, tremulous, inter-
mitted noises. 2. To make the sound of a half-suppressed
laugh.
TWIT'TER, 71. One who twits or reproaches.
TWIT'TER, 77. A small, intermitted noise, as in half-sup-
pressed laughter ; or the sound of a swallow.
TWIT'TER-ING, ypr. Uttering a succession of small, in-
terrupted sounds, as in a half-suppressed laugh.
TWIT'TING, ppr. Upbraiding ; reproaching.
TWIT'TING-LY, adv. With upbraiding. Junius.
TWIT'TLE-TWAT-TLE, n. Tattle ; gabble. [ Vulgar.]
'TWIXT, a contraction of betwixt ; used in poetry.
TWO, (too) a. [Sax.Jtwa; Goth, twa, twai, twos ; D, tivee ;
G. zwei ; Sw. tva j Jr., Gaelic, da, or do; Russ. tva,
tvoe.] 1. One and one. — 2. Two is used in composition ;
as in iMo-legged.
TWO'-€AP-SuLED, a. Bicapsular.
TWo'-CELLED, a. Bilocular.
TWO'-CLEFT, a. Bifid.
TW<5'-EDGED, a. Having two edges.
T1^7c3'-FLOW-ERED, a. Bearing two flowers at the end.
TWO'FoLD, a. 1. Two of the same kind, or two difl^er-
ent things existing together. 2. Double. — 3. In botany
two and two together, growing from the same place.
TWO'FoLD, ad7;.->Doublv ; in a double degree. JMatt. xxiii
TWO'-FORKED, a. Dichotomous.
See Synopsis A K I, 6, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;--PlN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
UBI
865
(JLC
TWO'-HAND-ED, a. Having two hands j an epithet used
as equivalent to large, stout, and strong. Milton,
TWO'-LeAVED, a. Diphyllous.
TWC'-LoBED, a'. Bilobate.
TWc3'-PART-ED, a. Bipartite.
* TWO'-PENCE, (too'-pens, or tup pens) n. A small coin.
Shak.
TWO'-PET-ALED, a Dipetalous.
TWO -SEED-ED, a. In botany, dispermous ; containing
two seeds, as a fruit ; having two seeds to a flower, as a
plant.
TWO'-TIPPED, a Bilabiate.
TWO'-ToNGUED, a. Double-tongued ; deceitful. Sandys.
TW5'-VALVED, a. Bivalvular, as a shell, pod or glume.
TyE, v. t. [See Tie, the more usual orthography, and Tr-
iNn.] lo bind or fasten.
TYE, 7t. 1. A knot ; [see Tis.] 2. A bond ; an obligation.
—3. In ships, a runner, or short, thick rope.
'J'Y'ER, n. One who ties or unites. Fletcher.
TT'GER. See Tiger.
TY-HEE'. See Tehee.
TY'ING, ppr. [See Tie and Tyf..] Binding; fastening.
'J'YKE, n. A dog ; or one as contemptible as a dog. Shak.
TYM'BAL, 71. [Fr. timbale.] A kind of kettle-drum.
TYM'PAN, n. [L. tympanum.} 1. A drum; hence, the
barrel or hollow part if the ear behind the membrane of
the tympanum. 2. The area of a pediment ; also, the
part of a pedestal called the trunk, or dye. 3. The pannel
of a door. 4. A triangular space or table in the corners or
sides of an arch, usually enriched with figures. — 5. Among
printers, a frame covered with parchment or cloth, on
which the blank sheets are put in order to be laid on the
form to be impressed.
TYM'PAN-ITES, n. In medicine, a flatulent distention of
the belly; wind dropsy ; tympany. Cyc.
TYM'PAN-IZE, V. i. To act the part of a drummer.
T JJ M'PAN-iZE, V. t. To stretch, as a skin over the head of
a drum.
TYM'PA-NUM, n. 1. The drum of the ear.— 2. In mechan-
ics, a wheel placed round an axis. Cyc.
TYM'PA-NY, n. A flatulent distention of the belly.
TYN'Y, a. Small. See Tint.
TYPE, n. [Fr. type ; L. typus ; Gr. rvnog.] 1. The mark
of something ; an emblem ; that which represents some-
thing else. 2. A sign ; a symbol ; a figure of something
to come. 3. A model or form of a letter in metal or other
hard material ; used in printing. — 4. In medicine, the form
or character of a disease, in regard to the intension and
remission of fevers, pulses, &c. ; the regular progress of a
fever. — 5. In iiatural history, a general form, such as is
common to the species of a genus, or the individuals of a
species. 6. A stamp or mark. Shak.
TYPE, V. t. To prefigure ; to represent by a model or sym-
bol beforehand. [Little used.] White.
TyPE'-MET-AL, n. A compound of lead and antimony,
with a small quantity of copper or brass.
T^'PHOID, a. [typhus, and Gr eiSos, form.] Resembling
typhus ; weak ; low. Say.
T'S^'PHUS, a. [from Gr. ru^w.] A typhus disease or fever
is accompanied with great debility. The word is some-
times used as a noun.
TYP'IC, } a. Emblematic ; figurative ; representing
TYP'I-€AL, ) something future by a form, model or re-
semblance.— Typic fever is one that is regular in Its at-
tacks. Cyc.
TYP'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a typical manner ; by way of im
age, symbol or resemblance.
TYP'I-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being typical.
TYP'I-FIED, pp. Represented by symbol or emblem
TYP'I-Fy, v. t. To represent by an image, form, model or
resemblance. Brown.
TYP'I-FY-ING, ppr. Representing by model or emblem.
TYP'0-€OS-MY, n. [Gr. rvnos and Koanos.] A representa-
tion of the world, [Mot much used.] Camden.
TY-POG'RA-PHER, n. A printer. Warton.
TY-P0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to prjiting. 2.
*TY-PO-GRAPHI-€AL, i Emblematic.
TY-PO-^GRAPH'I-eAL-LY. adv. I. By means of types ;
after the manner of printers. 2. Emblematically ; figura-
tively.
TY-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. tvkos and j/pa^w.] 1. The art of
printing, or the operation of impressing letters and words
on forms of types. 2. Emblematical or hieroglyphic rep-
resentation.
TYP'0-LITE, n. [Gr. rvao? and >tflof.] In natural history^
a stone or fossil which has on it irnpressions or figures of
plants and aniuials.
t TY'R AN, n. A tyrant. Spenser.
TYR'AN-NESS, n. A female tyrant. Akenside.
TY-RANNI€, )a. [Fr. tyramiique.] Pertaining to a
TY-RAN'NI-€AL, \ tyrant ; suiting a tyrant ; arbitrary ,
unjustly severe in government ; imperious ; despotic j
cruel.
TY-RAN'NI-€AL-LY, adv. With unjust exercise of power ;
arbitrarily ; oppressively.
TY-RAN'NI-€AL-NESS, n. Tyrannical disposition or prac-
tice. Ch. Relig. Appeal.
TY-RAN'NI-ClDE, n. [L. tyrannus and ccedo.] 1. The act
of killing a tyrant. 2. One who kills a tyrant.
t TYR'AN-NING, ppr. or a. Acting as a tyrant. Spenser.
TYR'AN-NiZE, v. i. [Fr. tyranniser.] To act the tyrant ,
to exercise arbitrary power ; to rule with unj ust and op-
pressive severity.
TYR'AN-NOUS, a. Tyrannical; arbitrary; unjustly se-
vere ; despotic. Sidney.
TYR'AN-NY, n. [Fr. tijrannie.] 1. Arbitrary or despotic
exercise of power ; the exercise of power over subjects
and others with a rigor not authorized by law or justice,
or not requisite for the purposes of government. Hence,
tyranny is often synonymous with cruelty and oppression.
2. Cruel government or discipline. 3. Unresisted and
cruel power. 4. Absolute monarchy cruelly administered
5. Severity ; rigor ; inclemency.
TY'RANT, 7!.. [L. tyrannus ; Gr. rvpavvos.] 1. A monarch
or other ruler or master, who uses power to oppress his
subjects ; a person who exercises unlawful authority, or
lawful authority in an unlawful manner. 2. A despotic
ruler ; a cruel master ; an oppressor.
TIfRE. [See Tire.] Hakewill.
TYRE, ??. 7. To prey upon. See Tire.
TY'RO, n. A beginner. See Tiro.
TyTHE. See Tithe.
TyTH'ING. See Tithing.
TZAR, n. The emperor of Russia.
TZAR-l'NA, 71. The empress of Russia.
U.
Uis the twenty-first letter and the fifth vowel in the
English Alphabet. The first, or long and proper sound
of u, in English, is now not perfectly simple, and it can-
not be strictly called a voicel. The sound seems to be
nearly that of eu, shortened and blended. This sound,
however, is not precisely that of eit, or yu, except in a few
words, as in unite, union, uniform; the sound does not
begin with the distinct sound of e, nor end in the distinct
sound of. 00, unless when prolonged. It cannot be well
expressea in letters. This sound is heard in the unaf-
fected pronunciation of annuity, numerate, brute, mute,
dispute, duke. — In some words, as in bull, full, pull, the
sound of u is that of the Italian u, the French ou, but
shortened. This is a vowel. — f/has another short sound,
as in tun, run, sun, turn, rub. This, also, is a vowel.
U'BER-OUS, a. [L. uber.] Fruitful ; copious. [Little
-used. I
U'BER-TY, 71. [L. nbertas.] Abundance ; fruitfulness.
U-BI-€a'TION, \ n. [L. ubi., where.] The state of being in
U-Bl'E-TY, \ a place; local relation. [iittZewsed.]
U-Bia'UI-TA-RI-NESS, ti. Existence every where. [Little
iLsed,]
U-Bia UI-TA-RY, (yu-bik'we-ter-ry) a. [Ij.ubique, from
ubi.] Existing every where, or in all places. Howell.
U-Bia'UI-TA-RY, n. One that exists every where.
U-Bia'UI-TY, (yu-bik'we-ty) n. [L. ubique.] Existence in
all places or every where at the same time ; omnipresence
South.
UD'DER, n. [Sax. uder ; G. euter.] The breast of a female ,
bxit the word is applied chiefly or wholly to the glandular c"-
gan of female beasts, in which the milk is secreted
UD'DERED, a. Furnished with udders. Gay.
UG'LI-LY, adv. In an ugly manner; with deformity
UG'LI-NESS, n. 1. Total want of beauty ; deformity of
person. 2. Turpitude of mind; moral depravity j loath-
UG'LY, a. [W. hag, hagyr.] Deformed ; offensive to the
sight ; contrary to beauty ; hateful.
U-KaSE', 71. In Russia, a proclamation or imperial order
published.
U'LANS, 71. A certain description of militia among the
modern Tartars. Jones.
UL'CER, n. [Fr. ulcere ; It. ulcera ; L. ulcus.] A sore ; a
solution of continuity in any of the soft parts of the body ,
» See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.
.55
-€ as K ; Ct as J •, S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this + Obsolete.
UMB
866
UNA
attended with a secretion of pus, or some kind of dis-
charge.
irL'CER-ATE, V. % To be formed into an ulcer ; to become
ulcerous.
UL'CER-ATE, v. t. [Fr. ulcer er ; L. ulcero.\ To affect
with an ulcer or with ulcers. Harvey.
UL'CER-A-TED, jrp. Affected with ulcers.
UL'CER-A-TING, fpr. Turning to an ulcer ; generating
ulcers
UL-CER-A'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. ulceratto.] 1. The process
of forming into an ulcer 5 or the process of becoming 'il-
cerous. 2. An ulcer ; a morbid sore that discharges pus
or other fluid.
UL'CERED, a Having become an ulcer. Temple,
UL'CER-OUSj a. 1. Having the nature or character of an
ulcer ; discharging purulent or other matter. 2. Affected
with an ulcer or with ulcers.
UL'CER-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being ulcerous.
LTL'eUS-LE, n. [L. ulcusculum.] A little ulcer.
ULE'-TREE, n. In botany, the castilla, a genus of trees.
U-LIG'IN-OUS, a. [I,. uUginosus.] Muddy ; oozy ; slimy.
UL LA6E, n. In commerce, tJie wantage of casks of liquor,
or what a cask wants of being full. Cyc.
UL'MIN, n. [L. ulmus, elm,] A substance obtained from
the elm-tree, of very singular properties.
UL'NAGE. See Alnage, Aunage.
UL'NAR, a. [L. ulna.] Pertaining to the ulna, or cubit.
UL-Te'RI-OR, a. [L. comparative.] 1. Further,— 2. In
geography, being or situated beyond or on the further
side of any line or boundary.
UL'TI-MATE, ffl, [h.ultimus.] 1. Furthest ; most remote 5
extreme. 2. Final ; being that to which all the rest is di-
rected, as to the main object. 3, Last in a train of con-
sequences ; intended in the last resort. 4. Last ; termi-
nating ; being at the furthest point. 5, The last into
which a substance can be resolved ; constituent, Darwin.
UL'TI-MATE-LY, ado. Finally ; at last ; in the end.
UL-TI-Ma'TUM, 7!. [L.] 1, In rf«pZo?7mq/, the final propo-
sitions, conditions or terms offered as the" basis of a treaty ;
the most favorable terms that a negotiator can offer. 2.
Any final proposition or condition.
UL-TIM'I-TY, 71. The last stage or consequence. [L. u.]
UL-TRA-MA-RlNE', a. [L. ultra and marinus.] Situated
or being beyond the sea. Ainsworth.
UL-TRA-MA-RlNE', n. 1. A beautifiil and durable sky-
blue ; a color formed of the mineral called lapis lazuli. 2.
Azure-stone.
UL-TRA-MON'TANE, a. [Fr. ; L. ultra and viontanus.']
Being beyond the mountain, Cyc.
UL-TRA-MUJM'DANE, a. [L. ultra and inundus.'] Being
beyondjhe world, or beyond the limits of our system.
t UL-TRo'NE-OUS, a. [L, ultro.} Spontaneous : voluntary.
UL'U-LATE, V. i. [L. ululo.] To howl, as a dog or vv^olf,
Herbert.
UL-U-La'TION, n. A howling, as of the wolf or dog.
UM'BEL, 71, [L. umbella.] In botany, a particular mode of
inflorescence or flowering.
UM'BEL-LAR, a. Pertaining to an umbel ; having the form
of an umbel.
UM'BEL-LATE, ) a. Bearing umbels ; consisting of an
UM'BEL-LA-TED, \ umbel ; growing on an umbel.
UM'BEL-LET, ) n. A little or partial umbel. Mar-
UM-BEL'LI-€LE, i tyn.
UM-BEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. umbella and fero.'] Produ-
cing the inflorescence called an umhel ; bearing umbels.
UM'BER, 7?. In natural history, an ore of iron, a fossil of a
brown, yellowish, or blackish-brown color.
UM'BER, n. A fowl of Africa, called the Jfrican crow.
UM'BER, 71. A fish of the truttaceous kind.
UM'BER, V. t. To color with umber ; to shade or darken.
UM'BERED, a. [L. umbra ] 1 Shaded ; clouded. Shak.
2. {from umber.] Painted with umber.
t)M-BIL'I€, 71. The navel ; the centre, Herbert.
UM-BIL'I€, I a. [L. umbilicus.] Pertaining to the na-
UM-BIL'I-€AL, \ vel.
UM-BIL'I-€ATjl;, I a. Navel-shaped ; formed inthemid-
UM-BIL'I-€A-TED, \ die like a navel.
UM'BLES, 7?. [Fr,] The entrails of a deer. Diet.
UM'BO, 71, [L,] The boss or protubeiant part of a shield.
UM-BOL'DI-LITE, n. A Vesuvian mineral.
UM'BRA, 71. A fish caught in the Mediterranean.
UMBRA6E, 77, [Fr. ombr age ; l,. umbra.] 1, A shade ; a
skreen of trees, Milton. 2. Shadow ; shade ; shght ap-
pearance ; [obs.] 3. Suspicion of injury ; offensp 5 resent-
ment.
(rM-BRA'6E0US, a. [Fr. ombrageux.] 1. Shading j form-
ing a shade. 2, Shady ; shaded. 3. Obscure.
UM-BRa'6E0US-NESS, n. Shadiness. Raleigh.
UM'BRATE, V. t. [L. umbro.] To shade ; to shadow.
UM'BKA-TED, pp. Shaded ; shadowed.
UM-BRAT'I€, I a. [L. umbraticus.] 1. Shadowy ; typ-
IJM-BRAT'I-€AL, \ ical. 2. Keeping in the shade or at
home.
UM'BRA-TILE, a. [h.umbratilis.] 1. Being in the shade.
2. Unreal ; unsubstantial. 3. Being in retirement ; se-
cluded ; [little used.]
UM-BRa'TIOUS, a. Suspicious ; apt to distrust ; captious ,
disposed to take umbrage. [Little v^ed.]
UM'BREL, ) 77. [from L, umb7-a.] A shade, skreen or
UM-BREL'LA, ) guard, carried in the hand for shelter-
ing the person from the rays of the sun, or from rain or
snow. _
UM-BRIeRE', (um-breer') 71. Tlie visor of a helmet. Spenser.
UM-BROS'I-TY, 7t. [h.umbrosus.] Shadiness, [Little used.]
UM'PI-RA6E, 7t [from umpire,] 1. The power, right or
authority of an umpire to decide. Presidents Message,
Oct._18Q3. 2. The decision of an umpire.
UMTiRE, 71. [Norm, impere ; L. imperium.] 1. A third
person called in to decide a controversy or question sub-
mitted to arbitrators, when the arbitrators do not agree in
opinion. 2. A person to whose sole decision a controver
sy or question between parties is referred.
UM'PlRE, V. t. To arbitrate ; to decide as umpire ; to set-
tle, as a dispute, [Little used.] Bacon.
UN, a prefix or inseparable preposition. Sax. un or 071, usu-
ally U7i, G. un, D. on. Sans, an, is the same word as the
L. in. It is a particle ol negation, giving to words to
which it is prefixed a negative signification. We use 7m
or in indifferently for this purpose ; and the tendency of
modern usage is to prefer the use of in, in some words,
where un was formerly used. Un admits of no change of
H into I, m or r, as in does, in illuminate, immense, irreso-
lute. It is prefixed generally to adjectives and partici-
ples, and almost at pleasure.
UN-A-BaS'ED, a. Not abased ; not humbled.
UN-A-BASH'ED, a. Not abashed ; not confused with
shame,_or by modesty. Pope.
UN-A-BaT'ED, a. Not abated ; not diminished in strength
or violence ; as, the fever remains unabated.
UN-AB-BllE' VI-A-TED, a Not abbreviated ; not shortened.
UN-A-BET'TED, a. Not abetted ; not aided.
t UN-A-BIL'I-TY, or t UN-a'BLE-NESS, n. Want of abil-
ity. We use inability.
UN-AB-JuR'ED, a. Not abjured 5 not renounced on oath,
UN-A'BLE, a, 1. Not able ; not having sufficient strength
or means ; impotent ; weak in power, or poor in sub-
stance. 2. Not having adequate knowledge or skill,
UN-A-BOL'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not abolishable ; that may not
be abolished, annulled or destroyed Milton.
UN-A-BOL'ISHED, a. Not abolished ; not repealed or an-
nulled , remaining in force. Hooker.
UN-A-BRIDG'ED, a. Not abridged ; not shortened.
UN-AB'RO-GA-TED, a. Not abrogated ; not annulled
UN-AB-SOLV'ED, a. Not absolved ; not acquitted or for-
given.
UN-AB-SORB'A-BLE, a. Not absorbable ; not capable of
being absorbed. Davy,
UN-AB-SORB'ED, a. Not absorbed ; not imhibed, Davy.
UN-A€-CEL'ER-A-TED, a. Not accelerated ; not hastened.
UN-A€-CENT'ED, a. Not accented ; having no accent.
UN-A€-CEPT'A-ELE, a. Not acceptable ; not pleasing ;
not welcome ; not such as will be received with pleasure.
UN-AC-CEPT'A-BLE-NESS, 77. The state of not pleasing.
UN-A€-CEPT'A-BLY, adv. In an unwelcome or unpleas-
ing manner,
UN-A€-CEPT'ED, a. Not accepted or received ; rejected ;
Prior,
t UN-A€-CESS'I-BLE, a. Inaccessible.
UN-AC-CESS'I-BLE-NESS, n. State of not being approach-
able ; inaccessibleness.
UN-A€-€OM'MO-DA-TED, a. 1, Not accommodated ; net
furnished with external conveniences. 2, Not fitted or
adapted,
UN-A€-eOM'MO-DA-TING, a. Not accommodating; not
ready to oblige ; uncompliant.
UN-Ae-€6M'PA-NIED, a. 1. Not attended ; having no
attendants, companions or followers. 2. Having no ap-
pendages.
UN-A€-€OM'PLISHED, a. 1. Not accomplished ; not fin-
ished ; incomplete. 2. Not refined in manners ; not fur-
nished with elegant li terature
UN-Ae-€OM'PLISH-MENT, n. Want of accomplishment
or execution, Milton.
UN-A€-€ORD'ING, a. Not according ; not agreeing.
UN-A€-€OUNT-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. The state or quality of
not being accountable ; or the state of being unaccounta-
ble for. Swift.
UN-A€-€OUNT'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be accounted for. 2.
Not explicable ; not to be solved by reason or the light
possessed ; not reducible to rule. 3. Not subject to ac-
count or control ; not subject to answer ; not responsible.
UN-A€-€OUNT'A-BLE-NESS, 77. 1. Strangeness. 2. Ir-
responsibility.
' UN-Ae-€OUNT'A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be ex
plained ; strangely, Addison.
UN-A€-€RED'IT-ED. a. Not accredited ; not received
not authorized.
UN-A€'€U-RATE, a. Inaccurate ; not correct or exact.
• See Bynopsi" A, E, I, O, U, "?, long.— FAVs.,. FALL, WHAT j^PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete
UNA
867
UNA
(;N ACeU-RATE-NESS, n. Want of correctness.
(/i\-A€-€uS'ED,a. Not accused ; not charged with a crime
or fault.
?TN-A€-CUS'TOMED, a. 1. Not accustomed; not used;
not made familiar ; not iiabituated. 2. New ; not usual ;
not made familiar. Watts.
UN-A-CHlE V'A-BLE, a. That cannot be done.
UN-A-CHIeV'£D, a. Not achieved ; not accomplished or
performed.
UN-aCH'ING, a. Not aching ; not feeling pain.
UN-Ae-KN0WL'ED6ED, a. 1. Not acknowledged; not
recognized. 2. Not owned ; not confessed ; not avowed.
UN-A€-aUAlNT'ANCE, n. Want of acquaintance or fa-
miliarity ; want of knowledge ; followed by with.
UN-A€-aUAlNT'ED, a. 1. Not well known ; unusual ;
[obs.] 2. Not having familiar knowledge ; followed by
with.
UN-A€-aUAlNT'ED-NESS, w. Want of acquaintance
UN-A€-Q.UiR'ED, a. Not acquired ; not gained.
UN-A€-aUlT'TED, a. Not acquitted ; not declared inno-
cent.
UN-A€T'ED, a. Not acted ; not performed ; not executed.
UN-ACT'IVE, a. 1. Not active; not brisk. 2. Having no
employment. 3. Not busy ; not diligent; idle. 4. Hav-
ing no action or efficacy ; see Inactive.
UN-AeT'U-A-TED, a. Not actuated ; not moved.
UN-A-DAPT'ED, a. Not adapted ; not suited. Mitford.
UN-AB-DICT'ED, a. Not addicted ; not given or devoted.
UN-AD-JUDG'ED, a. Not adjudged ; not judicially decided.
UN-AD-JUST'ED, a. 1. Not adjusted ; not settled ; not reg-
ulated. 2. Not settled ; not liquidated.
UN-AD-MIN IS.TERED, a. Not administered.
UN-AD-MlR'ED, a. Not admired ; not regarded with great
affection or respect. Pope.
UN-AD-MlR'lNG, a. Not admiring.
T7N-AD-M0N ISHED, a. Not aamonished ; not cautioned,
warned or advised. Milton.
UN-A-DOPT'£D, a. Not adopted ; not received as one's
own.
UN-A-DoR'ED, a. Not adored ; not worshiped.
UN-A-DORN'ED, a. Not adorned ; not decorated ; not em-
bellished. Milton.
UN-A-DUL'TER-A-TED, a. Not adulterated; genuine;
pure.
UN-A-DUL'TER-OUS, a. Not guilty of adultery.
UN-A-DUL'TER-OUS-LY, adv. Without being guilty of
adulterv.
UN-AD-VENT'UR-OU^, a. Not adventurous ; not bold.
UN-AD-VlS'A-BLE, a. Not advisable ; not to be recom-
mended -^ not expedient ; not prudent.
UN-AD-VlS'ED, a. 1. Not prudent ; not discreet. Shale. 2.
Done v/i_thout due consideration ; rash. Shak.
UN-AD-VlS'ED-LY, ado. Imprudently ; indiscreetly ; rash-
ly ; without due consideration. Hooker.
UN-AD-VlS'ED-NESS, n. Imprudence ; rashness.
UN-a'ER-A-TED, a. Not combined with carbonic acid.
UN-AF'FA-BLE, a. Not affable ; not free to converse.
UN-AF-FE€TiED, a. 1. Not affected ; plain ; natural ; not
labored or artificial ; simple. 2. Real ; not hypocritical ;
sincere. 3. Not moved ; not having the heart or passions
touched.
UN-AF-FE€T'ED-LY, adv. Really ; in sincerity ; without
disguise ; without attempting to produce false appear-
ances.
UN-AF-FECT'ING, a. Not pathetic; not adapted to move
the passions.
UN-AF-FE€'TION-ATE, a. Not affectionate ; wanting af-
fection.
UN-AF-FiRM'ED, a. Not affirmed ; not confirmed.
UN-AF-FLI€T'ED. a. Not afflicted ; free from trouble.
UN-AF-FRiGHT'ED, a. Not frightened.
UN-AG'GRA-VA-TED, a. Not aggravated.
UN-AG'I-TA-TED, a. Not agitated ; calm.
UN-A-GREE'A-BLE, a. Not consistent ; unsuitable. Milton.
UN-A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness ; inconsist-
«!ncy with. Decay of Piety.
t UNjAID'A-BLE, a. Not to be aided or assisted.
UN-aID'ED, a. Not aided ; not assisted. Blackmore.
UN-aIM'ING, a. Having no particular aim or direction.
UN-A-LARM'ED, a. Not alarmed ; not disturbed with fear.
UN-aL'IEN-A-BLE, (un-ale'yen-a-bl) a. Not alienable ; that
cannoi be alienated ; that may not be transferred.
UN-aL'IEN-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of no
alienation ; as, property unalienably vested.
UN-aL'IEN-A-TED, a. Not alienated ; not transferred.
UN-AL-LaY'ED, a. 1. Not allayed ; not appeased or qui-
eted. 2._For unalloyed ,• [see Unalloyed.]
UN-AL-Le'VI-A-'I'ED, a. Not alleviated ; not mitigated.
UN-AL-Li'A-BLE, a. That cannot be allied or connected
m amity_.
UN AL-Ll'ED, a. 1. Having no alliance or connection,
either by nature, marriage or treaty. 2. Having no pow-
erful relation.
UN-AL-LOW ED, a. Not allowed ; not permitted.
UN-AL-LOY ED, a. Not alloyed; not reduced by foieign
admixture. Mitford.
UN-AL-LuR'ED, a. Not allured ; not enticed.
UN-AL-LuR'ING, a. Not alluring ; not tempting. Mitford
UN-ALMS'ED, (un-amzd') a. Not having received alms.
UN-AL'TER-A-BLE, a. Not alterable ; unchangeable ; ira
mutable. South.
UN-AL'TER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Unchangeableness ; immu
tability. Woodward.
UN-AL'TER-A-BLY, adv. Unchangeably ; immutably.
UN-AL'TERED, a. Not altered or changed. Dryden.
UN-A-MaZ'ED, a. Not amazed ; free from astonishment.
UN-AM-BIG'U-OUS, a. Not ambiguous; not of doublful
meaning ; plain ; clear ; certain. Chesterfield.
UN-AM-BIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a clear, explicit manner.
UN-AM-BIG'U-OUS-NESS, 71 Clearness; explicitness
UN-AM-Bi"TIOUS, a. 1. Not ambitious ; free from amjti
tion, 2. Not affecting show ; not showy or prominent,
UN-AM-Bl"TIOUS-NESS, v. Freedom from ambition.
UN-A-MEND'A-BLE, a. Not capable of emendation.
UN-A-MEND'ED, a. Not amended ; not rectified.
UN-a'MI-A-BLE, a. Not amiable ; not conciliating love
not adapted to gain affection. Spectator.
UN-A'MI-A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of amiableness.
UN-A-MuS'ED, a. Not amused ; not entertained.
UN-A-MuS'ING, a. Not amusing ; not affording entertain
ment.
UN-A-Mu'SIVE, a. Not affording amusement.
UN-AN-A-LO'G'I-eAL, a. Not analogical.
UN-A-NAL'O-GOUS, a. Not analogous ; not agreeable to.
UN-AN'AL-YZED, a. Not analyzed : not resolved into sim
pie parts. Boyle.
UN-AN'€HORED, a. Not anchored ; not moored.
UN-A-NeL'ED, a. Not having received extreme unction
UN-AN'GU-LAR, a. Having no angles. Good.
UN-AN'I-MAL-lZED, a. Not formed into animal matter.
UN-AN'I-MA-TED, a. 1. Not animated ; not possessed of
life. 2. Not enlivened ; not having spirit ; dull.
UN-AN'I-MA-TING, a. Not animating ; dull.
U^NA-NIM'I-TY, n. [Fi: unanimite.] Agreement of a num
ber of persons in opinion or determination.
U-N AN I-MOUS, a. 1. Being of one mind; agreeing in
opinion or determination. 2. Formed by unanimity.
U-NAN'I-MOUS-LY, adv. With entire agreement of minds.
U-NAN'I-MOUS-NESS, n. I. The state of being of one
mind. 2^ Proceeding from unanimity.
UN-AN-NeAL'ED, a. Not annealed ; not tempered by
heat; suddenly cooled.
UN-AN-NEX'ED, a. Not annexed ; not joined.
UN-AN-NOY'ED, a. Not annoyed or incommoded.
UN-AN-OINT'ED, a. 1. Not anointed. 2. Not having re-
ceived extreme unction. Shak,
UN-aN'SWER-A-BLE, a. Not to be satisfactorily answer-
ed ; not capable of refutation.
UN-AN'SWER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unan-
swerable.
UN-AN'SWER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be an-
swered ; beyond refutation. South.
UN-AN'SWERED, a. 1. Not answered ; not opposed by a
reply. 2. Not refuted. 3. Not suitably returned.
UN-A-PO€'RY-PHAL, a. Not apocryphal ; not of doubtful
authority. Milton.
UN-AP-PALL'ED, a. Not appalled ; not daunted ; not im
pressed with fear. Smith.
UN-AP-PAR'ELED, a. Not appareled ; not clothed.
UN-AP-PaR'ENT, a. Not apparent ; obscure ; not visible.
UN-AP-PEAL'A-BLE,a. Not appealable ; admitting no ap-
peal ; th^t cannot be carried to a higher court by appeal.
UN-AP-PeAS'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be appeased or pacified.
2. Not placable
UN-AP-PeAS'ED, a. Not appeased ; not pacified.
UN-AP-PLI'A-BLE, a. Inapplicable. [Little used.] Milton
UN-AP'PL1-€A-BLE, a. Inapplicable ; that cannot be ap-
plied.
UN-AP-PLTEi), a. Not applied ; not used according to the
destination.
UN-AP'PO-SiTE, a. Not apposite ; not suitable.
UN- AP-PRei CIA-TED, a. Not duly estimated or valued
UN-AP-PRE-HEND'ED, a. 1. Not apprehended ; not taken
2. Not understood. Hooker.
UN-AP-PRE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not capable of being under-
stood.
UN-AP-PRE-HENS'IVE, a 1. Not apprehensive ; not fear-
ful or suspecting. 2. Not intelligent ; not ready of con-
ception.
UN-AP-PRlS'ED, a. Not apprised; not previously in
formed.
UN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be approached ,
UN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. Inaccessibleness.
UN-AP-PRoACH'ED, a. Not approached ; not to be ap-
proached. Milton.
UN-AP-PRo'PRI-A-TED, a. 1. Not appropriated ; not ap-
plied or directed to be applied to any specific object. 2
* See Syyiopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; iS as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ]Obsolete,
UNA
868
UNB
Not granted or given to any person, company or corpora-
tion.
UN-AP-PROV ED, a. Not approved ; not having received
approbation. Milton.
UN-APT', a. 1. Not apt ; not ready or prepense. 2. Dull 5
not ready to learn. 3. Unfit ; not qualified ; not disposed.
4. Improper; unsuitable.
UN-APT'LY, adv. Unfitly ; improperly. Grew.
UN-APT'NESS, n. 1. Unfitness ; unsuitableness. 2. Dull-
ness ; want of quick apprehension. 3. Unreadiness ; dis-
qualification ; want of propension.
UN-ARGUED, a. 1. Not argued ; not debated. 2. Not dis-
puted ; not opposed by argument. 3. Not censured ; a
Latinism ; [obs.l
t UN-aRM', v. t. To disarm ; to strip of armor or arms.
UN-ARM'ED, a. 1. Not having on arms or armor ; not
equipped. 2. Not furnished with scales, prickles or other
defense, as animals and plants.
UN-AR-RaIGN'ED, (un-ar-rand') a. Not arraigned; not
brought to trial. Daniel.
(JN-AR-RaNG'ED, a. Not arranged ; not disposed in order.
UN-AR-RaY'ED, a. 1. Not arrayed ; not dressed. Dryden.
2. Not disposed in order.
UN-AR-RiV'ED, a. Not arrived, [informed.] Young.
\ UN-ART'ED, a. Ignorant of the arts. Waterliouse.
UN-ART'FUL, a. 1. Not artful ; artless ; not having cun-
ning. Dryden. 2. Wanting skill ; [little used.] Cheyne.
UN-ART'FUL-LY, adv. Without art ; in an unartful man-
ner.
rjN-AR-TI€'U-LA-TED, a. Not articulated. Encyc.
UN-AR-TI-Fi"CIAL, a. Not artificial ; not formed by art.
UN-AR-TI-ri"CIAL-LY, adv. Not with art ; in a manner
contrary to art. Derham.
UN-AS-CEND'I-BLE, a. That cannot be ascended.
UN-AS-CER-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be ascertained,
or reduced to a certainty. Wheaton's Rep.
UN-AS-CER-TaIN'ED, a. Not reduced to a certainty ; not
certainly known. Hamilton.
UN-aSK'ED, a. I. Not asked ; unsolicited. 2. Not sought
by entreaty or care. Dryden.
UN-AS-PE€T'IVE, a. Not having a view to. FeltJiam.
UN-AS'PI-RA-TED, a. Having no aspirate. Parr.
UN-AS-PlR'ING, a. Not aspiring ; not ambitious. Rogers.
UN-AS-SaIL'A-BLE, a. Not assailable ; that cannot be as-
saulted._SAa/i;.
UN-AS-SaIL'ED, a. Not assailed ; not attacked by vio-
lence. Milton.
UN-AS-SAULT'ED, a. Not assaulted ; not attacked
UN-AS-SaY'ED, a. 1. Not essayed ; not attempted. 2. Not
subjected to assay or trial.
UN-AS-SEM'BLED, a. Not assembled or congregated.
UN-AS-SERT'ED, a. Not asserted ; not affirmed ; not vm-
dicated.
UN-AS-SESS'ED, a. Not assessed ; not rated.
UN-AS-SiGN'A-BLE, a. Not assignable ; that cannot be
transferred by assignment or indorsement. Jones.
UN-AS-SlGN'ED, (un-as-sind') a. Not assigned ; not de-
clared ; not transferred.
U?J-AS-SIM'I-LA-TED, a. 1. Not assimilated ; not made to
resemble. — 2. In physiology, not formed or converted into
a like substance ; not animalized, as food.
UN-AS-SIST'ED, a. Not assisted ; not aided or helped.
UN-AS-SI_ST'ING, a. Giving no help. Dryden.
UN-AS-So'CIA-TED, a. 1. Not associated ; not united with
a society. — ^2. In Connecticut, not united with an associa-
tion.
UN-AS-SORT'ED, a. Not assorted ; not distributed into
sorts.
UN-AS-SuM'ING, a. Not assuming ; not bold or forward ;
not making lofty pretensions ; not arrogant ; modest.
UN-AS-SuK'ED, (un-a-shurd') a. 1. Not assured ; not con-
fident. 2. Not to be trusted. 3. Not insured against loss.
UN-A-ToN'A-BLE, a. Not to be appeased ; not to be recon-
ciled. Milton.
UN-A-ToN'ED, a. Not expiated. Rowe.
UN-AT-TACK'ED, a. 1. Not attached ; not arrested. 2.
Not closely adhering ; having no fixed interest. 3. Not
united bv affection.
UN-AT TA€K'ED, a. Not attacked ; not assaulted.
U?J-AT-TaIN'A-BLE, a. Not to be gained or obtained.
UN-AT-TaIN A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being beyond
the reach or power. Locke.
UN-AT-TaINT'ED, a. Not attainted ; not corrupted.
IJNAT-TEM'PERED, a. Not tempered by mixture.
UN-AT-TEMPT'ED, a. Not attempted ; not tried ; not es-
sayed
UN-AT-TEND'ED, a. 1. Not attended ; not accompanied ;
having no retinue or attendance. 2. Forsaken. 3. Not
medically attended ; not dressed.
UN-AT-TEND'ING, a. Not attending or listening ; not be-
ing attentive.
UN-AT -TEN'TIVE, a. Not regarding ; inattentive.
UN-AT-TEST'ED, a. Not attested ; having no attestation.
UN-AT-TIR'ED, a. Not attired ; not adorned.
UN-AT-TRA€T'ED, a. Not attracted ; not affected by al
traction.
UN-AUG-MENT'ED, a. Not augmented or increased ; in
grammar, having no augment, or additional syllable.
UN-AU-THEN'T1€, a. Not autuentic ; not genuine or true
UN-AU-THEN'TI-€A-TED, a. Not authenticated; not
made certain by authority.
UN-AU'THOR-lZED, a. Not authorized ; not warranted by
proper authority ; not duly commissioned.
UN-A-VaIL'A-BLE, a. Not available; not having suffi
cient power to produce the intended effect ; not effectual ;
vain ; useless.
UN-A-VaIL'A-BLE-NESS, n. Inefficacy ; uselessness.
UN-A-VaIL'ING, a. Not having the effect desired ; inef
fectual ; useless ; vain.
UN-A-VENG'ED, a. 1. Not avenged ; not having obtained
satisfaction. 2. Not punished.
UN-A-VERT'ED, a. Not averted ; not turned away.
UN-A-VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be made null or
void. 2. Not avoidable ; not to be shunned ; inevitable.
3. Not to be missed in ratiocination.
UN-A-VOID'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unavoid-
able ; inevitableness. Glanville.
UN-A-VOID'A-BLY, adv. Inevitably ; in a manner that
prevents failure or escape.
UN-A-VOID'ED, a. 1. Not avoided or shunned. 2. Inevi-
table.
UN-A-VOW'ED, a. Not avowed ; not acknowledged ; not
owned ; not confessed.
UN-A-WaK'ED, ) a. 1. Not awakened ; not roused
UN-A-WaK'EN-ED, \ from sleep. 2. Not roused from
spiritual slumber or stupidity.
UN-A-WARE', a. Without thought ; inattentive. Swift.
UN-A-WARE', or UN-A-WARES', adv. 1. Suddenly ; un-
expectedly ; without previous preparation. 2. Without pre-
meditated design. — M unawares, unexpectealy. Dryden.
UN-AW'ED, a. Not awed ; not restrained by fear ; un-
daunted.
UN-BA€K'ED, a. 1. Not having been backed. 2. Not tam-
ed ; not taught to bear a rider. 3. Unsupported ; left with-
out aid.
UN-BaK'ED, a. Not baked.
UN-BAL'ANCED, a. 1. Not balanced ; not poised ; not in
equipoise. 2. Not adjusted ; not settled ; not brought to
an equality of debt and credit. 3. Net restrained by equal
power.
UN-BAL'LAST, v. i. To free from ballast ; to discharge the
ballast from. Mar. Diet.
UN-BAL'LAST-ED, a. 1. Freed from ballast. 2. a. Not
furnished with ballast ; not kept steady by ballast or by
weight ; unsteady.
UN-BAND'ED, a. Stripped of a band ; having no band.
UN-BAN'NERED, a. Having no banner. Pollok.
UN-BAP-TlZ'ED, a. Not baptized. Hooker.
UN-BAR', V. t. To remove a bar or bars from ; to unfasten ;
to open ; as, to unbar a gate.
tUN-BARB'ED, a. Not shaven. Shak.
UN-BARK'ED, a. Stripped of its bark. Bacon.
UN-BAR'RED, pp. Having its bars removed ; unfE^tened.
UN-BAR'RING, -ppr. Removing the bars from ; unfastening.
UN-BASH'FUL, a. Not bashful ; bold ; impudent.
t UN-BaT'ED, a. Not repressed ; not blunted.
UN-BaTH'ED, a. Not bathed ; not wet. Dryden.
UN-BAT'TERED, a. Not battered ; not bruised.
t UN-BaY', v. t. To open ; to free from the restraint of
mounds.
UN-BE ARD'ED, (un-berd'ed) a. [See *Beard.] Having no
beard ; beardless.
UN-BEaR'ING, a. Bearing or producing no fruit. Dryden.
UN-BeAT'EN, a. 1. Not beaten ; not treated with blows.
2. Untrod ; not beaten by the feet.
UN-BEAu'TE-OUS, 1 a. Not beautiful ; having no beauty
UN-BEAU'TI-FUL, j Hammond.
t UN-BE-€6ME'," v. t. Not to become ; not to be suitable to
to misbecome. Sherlock.
UN-BE-€6M'ING, a. Unsuitable ; improper for the person
or character : indecent ; indecorous. Dryden.
UN-BE-€6M'ING-LY, adv. In an unsuitable manner ; in-
decorously. Barrow.
UN-BE-€6M'ING-NESS, n. Unsuitableness to the person,
character or circumstances ; impropriety ; indecorousness
UN-BED', V. t. To raise or rouse from bed. Walton.
UN-BED'DED, pp. Raised from bed ; disturbed.
UN-BED'DING, ppr. Raising from bed.
UN-BE-FIT'TING, a. Not befitting ; unsuitable ; unbecom-
ing.
UN-BE-FRIEND'ED, (un-be-frend'ed) a. Not befriended ;
not supported by friends ; having no friendly aid.
UN-BE-GET', v.t. To deprive of existence. Dryden.
UN-BE-GOT', I a. 1. Not generated; eternal. 2. Not
UN-BE-GOT'TEN, \ yet generated. 3. Not begotten ;
not generated.
UN-BE-GUlLE', v. t. To undeceive ; to free from the influ
ence of deceit. Donne.
* See Synopsis
K, T, O, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete.
UNB
869
UNB
UN-BE-GUiL'ED, pp. Undeceived.
UN-BE-GUN', a Not begun. Hooker.
CjN BE-HELD a. Not beheld, not seen ; not visible.
7 UN-Be'ING, z. Not existing. Brown.
UN-BE-LIeF , n. Sax. ungeleafa.] 1. Incredulity ; the
withholding of belief. 2. Infidelity ; disbelief of divine
revelation. — 3. In the JsTew Testament, disbelief of the
truth of tne gospe... Matt. xiii. 4. Weak faith. Mark ix.
UN-BE-LIeVE', v. t. 1. To discredit ; not to believe or
trust. 2._Not to think real or true.
UN-BE-LIeV'ED, pp. Not believed ; discredited.
LTN-BE-LIeV'ER, n. 1. An incredulous person ; one vi^ho
does not believe. 2. An infidel j one who discredits rev-
elation.
UN-BE-LlEV'ING, a. 1. Not believing ; incredulous. 2.
Infidel ; discrediting divine revelation.
UN-BE-LoV'ED, a. Not loved. Dryden.
UN-BE- MoAN'ED, a. Not lamented. Pollok.
UN-BEND', V. t. 1. To free from flexure ; to make straight.
2. To relax ; to remit from a strain or from exertion ; to
set at ease for a time. 3. To relax effeminately.— 4. In
seamanship, to take the sails from their yards and stays ;
also, to cast loose a cable from the anchors ; also, to untie
one rope from another.
UN-BEND'ING, ppr. 1. Relaxing from any strain ; remit-
ting; taking from their yards, &c., as sails. 2. a. Not
suffering flexure. 3. Unyielding ; resolute ; inflexible.
4. Unyielding ; inflexible ; firm. 5. Devoted to relax-
ation.
UN-BEN'E-FiCED, a. Not enjoying or having a benefice.
UN-BE-NEV'0-LENT, a. Not benevolent ; not kind.
UN-BE-NlGHT'ED, a. Never visited by darkness.
UN-BE-NIGN', (un-be-nlne') a. Not benign ; not favorable
or propitious ; malignant. Milton.
UN-BENT , pp. of unbend. 1. Relaxed ; remitted ; relieved
from strain or exertion. — 2. In seamen^s language, taken
from the yards ; loosed. 3. Not strained ; unstrung. 4.
Not crushed ; not subdued.
UN-PE-aUEATH'ED, a Not bequeathed ; not given by
legacy.
UN-BE-SEEM'ING, a. Unbecoming ; not befitting ; unsuit-
able.
UN-BE-SOUGHT', (un-be-sawf) a. Not besought ; not
sought by petition or entreaty. Milton.
UN-BE-SPoK'EN, a. Not bespoken, or ordered beforehand.
UN-BE-STAR'RED, a. Not adorned or distinguished by
stars. Pollok.
UN-BE-SToW'ED, a. Not bestowed ; net given ; not dis-
posed of.
UN-BE-TRaY'ED, a. Not betrayed. Daniel.
UN-BE-WaIL'ED, a. Not bewailed ; not lamented.
UN-BE-WITCH', V. t. To free from fascination. South.
UN-Bl'AS, V. t. To free from bias or prejudice. Swift.
UN -Bl'ASEB, pp. 1. Freed from prejudice or bias. 2. a.
Free from any undue partiality or prejudice ; impartial.
UN-Bl'AS-ED-LY, adv. Without prejudice ; impartially.
UN-BI'AS-ED-NESS, n. Freedom from bias or prejudice.
UN-BID', ) a. 1. Not bid ; not commanded. 2. Spon-
UN-BID'DEN, \ taneous. 3. Uninvited ; not requested
to attend.
UN-BIG'OT-ED, a. Free from bigotry. Addison.
UN-BiND', V. t. To untie ; to remove a band from ; to un-
fasten ; to loose ; to set free from shackles.
UN-BISH'OP, V. t. To deprive of episcopal orders.
UN-BIT', a. Not bitten. Young.
UN-BIT', V. t. 1. In seaviayisMp, to remove the turns of a
cable from off the bitts. Mar. Diet. 2. To unbridle.
UN-BIT'TED, pp. Removed from the bitts ; unbridled.
UN-BIT'TING, ppr. Unbridling ; removing from the bitts.
UN-BLaM'A-BLE, a. Not blamable ; not culpable.
UN-BLaM'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being chargeable with
no blame or fault. More.
UN-BLaM'A-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to incur no
blame. 1 Thess. ii.
UN-BLaM'ED, a. Not blamed ; free from censure.
UN-BLAST'ED, a. Not blasted ; not made to wither.
UN-BLEED'ING, a. Not bleeding ; not suffering Joss of
blood. Byron.
UN-BLEM"'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not capable of being blem-
ished.
UN-BLEM'ISHED, a. 1. Not blemished ; not stained ; free
from turpitude or reproach. 2. Free from deformity.
UN-BLENCH'ED, a. Not disgraced ; not injured by any
stain or soil. Milton.
UN-BLENCH'ING, a. Not shrinking or flinching ; firm.
UN-BLEND'ED. a. Not blended ; not mingled.
UN-BLEST', a. 1. Not blest; excluded from benediction.
Bacon. 2. Wretched ; unhappy. Prior.
UN-BLTGHT'ED, a. Not blighted ; not blasted. Cowper.
UN-BLlND'ED, a. Not blinded.
UN-BL60D'ED, a. Not stained with blood. Shak.
UN-BL60D'Y, a. 1. Not stained with blood. 2. Not shed-
ding blood ; not cruel. Dryden.
UN-BLOS'SOM-ING, a. Not producing blossoms. Mason.
UN-ELCWN', a. 1. Not blown ; not having the bud expand
ed. 2, Not extinguished. 3. Not inflated with wind.
UN-BLUNT'ED, a. Not made obtuse or dull ; not blunted
Cowley.
UN-BLUSH'ING, a. Not blushing ; destitute of shame j im
pudent. Thomson.
UN-BLUSH'ING-LY, adv. In an impudent manner.
UN-BoAST'FUL, a. Not boasting ; unassuming ; modest.
UN-BOD'IED, a. 1. Having no material body ; incorporeal
2. Freed from the body. Spenser.
UN-BOIL'ED, a. Not boiled ; as, unboiled rice. Bacon.
UN-BoLT', V. t. To remove a bolt from ; to unfasten ; to
open. Shak.
UN-BoLT'ED, a. 1. Freed from fastening by bolts. 2. Un-
sifted ; not bolted ; not having the bran or coarse part
separated by a bolter.
UN-B6N'NET-ED, a. Having no bonnet on. Shak.
UN-BOOK'ISH, a. 1. Not addicted to books or reading. 2.
Not cultivated by erudition. Shak.
UN~BORN ' i "'^ ^^^ ^^^ ' "''^ ^™"g^^ ^^^'^ ^^^^ 5 future.
UN-BOR'RoWED, a. Not borrowed ; genuine ; original ,
native ; one's own.
UN-Bc3S'0M, V. t. 1. To disclose freely one's secret opin
ions or feelings. Milton. 2. To reveal in confidence.
UN-BOS'OMED,p;j. Disclosed, as secrets ; revealed in con
fidence.
UN-BOS'OM-ING, ppr. Disclosing, as secrets ; revealing in
confidence.
UN-BOT'TOMED, a. 1. Having no bottom ; bottomless. 9
Having no solid foundation. Hammond.
UN-BOUGHT', (un-bawf) a. 1. Not bought ; obtained with-
out money or purchase. 2. Not having a purchaser.
UN-BOUND', a. 1. Not bound ; loose ; wanting a cover. 2.
Not bound by obligation or covenant. 3. iiret. oi unbind.
UN-BOUND'ED, a. 1. Having no bound or limit; unlimit-
ed in extent ; infinite ; interminable. 2. Having no check
or control ; unrestrained.
UN-BOUND'ED-LY, adv. Without bounds or limits.
UN-BOUND'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from bounds.
UN-BOUN'TE-OUS, a. Not bounteous ; not liberal
UN-BOW', V. t. To unbend. Fuller.
UN-BOW'ED, a. Not bent ; not arched. Shak.
UN-BOW'EL, V. t. To deprive of the entrails ; to exenter-
ate ; to eviscerate. Decay of Piety.
UN-BOW'ELED, pp. Eviscerated.
UN-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Taking out the bowels.
UN-BRaCE', v. t. To loose ; to relax.
UN-BRaID', v. t. To separate the strands of a braid ; to dis-
entangle.
UN-BRaID'ED, pp. Disentangled, as the strands of a braid
UN-BRaID'ING, ppr. Separating the strands of a braid.
UN-BRANGH'ED, a. Not ramified ; not shooting into
branches.
UN-BRANCH'ING, a. Not dividing into branches.
UN-BREAST', (un-bresf) v. t. To disclose or lay open.
UN-BRi?.ATH'ED, a. Not exercised. Shak.
UN-BReATH'ING, a. Unanimated. Shak.
UN-BREiy, a. 1. Not well bred ; not polished in manners ,
ill educated ; rude. 2. Not taught.
UN-BREECH'ED, ft. Having no breeches. Shak.
UN-BREW'ED, a. Not mixed ; pure ; genuine. Young.
t UN-BRTB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be bribed. Feltham.
UN-BRlB'ED, a. Not bribed ; not corrupted by money ; not
unduly influenced by money or gifts.
UN-BRT'DLE, v. t. To free from the bridle.
UN-BRl'DLED,pp. 1. Loosed from the bridle. 2. a. Unre-
strained ; licentious.
UN-BRoKE', I a. 1. Not broken ; not violated. 2. Not
UN-BRoK'EN, \ weakened ; not crushed ; not subdued.
3. Not tamed ; not taught ; not accustomed to the saddle,
harness or yoke.
UN-BR6TH'ER-LY, a. Not becoming a brother ; not suita-
ble to the character and relation of a brother; unkind.
[Unbrotherlike is not used.]
UN-BRUIS'ED, a. Not bruised ; not crushed or hurt.
UN-BU€'KLE, v. t. To loose from buckles ; to unfasten.
UN-BUe'KLED, pp. Loosed from buckles ; unfastened.
UN-BUe'KLING, ppr. Loosing from buckles ; unfastening.
UN-BUILD', I V. t. To demolish what is built ; to raze ; i9
UN-BILD, \ destroy. Milton.
UN-BUiLT , a. Not yet built ; not erected.
UN-BUR 'lED, (un-ber'rid) a. Not buried ; not interred.
UN-BURN'ED, ) a. 1. Not burnt ; not consumed by fire. 2.
UN-BURNT', \ Not injured by fire ; not scorched. 3.
Not baked, as brick.
UN-BURN'ING, a. Not consuming away by fire.
UN-BUR'THEN, or UN-BUR'DEN, v. t. 1. To rid of a
load ; to free from a burden ; to ease. 2. To throw off.
3. To relieve the mind or heart by disclosing what lies
heavy on it.
UN-BUR'THENED, or UN-BUR DENED, pp. Freed from
a load ; thrown off; eased; relieved.
UN-BUR'THEN-ING, or UN-BUR'DEN-ING, ppr. Free-
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— -BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsnltte
UNC
870
UNC
lug from a load or burden j relieving from what is a
burden.
UN-BU'SIED, (un-biz'zid) a. Not busied; not employed:
idle.
UN-BUT'TON, V. t. To i>Dse from being fastened by but-
tons ; to loose buttons. Shak.
UN-BUT'TONED, pp. Loosed from buttons. Addison.
UN-€aGE', v. t. To loose from a cage.
UN-€a6'ED, pp. Released from a cage or from confine-
ment.
rjN-€AL'CINED, a. [See * Calcine.] Not calcined. Boyle.
lJN-€AL'eU-LA-TED, a. Not subjected to calculation.
i;N-€AL'eU-LA-TING, a. Not making calculations.
UN-€ALL'EB, a. Not called ; not summoned ; not invited.
—Uncalled for, not required ; not needed or demanded.
T UN-€aLM', v. t. To disturb. Dryden.
UN-€AN'CELED, a. Not canceled ; not erased.
UN-€AN'DID, a. Not candid ; not frank or sincere ; not
fair or impartial.
lTN-€A-NON'I-eAL, a Not agreeable to the canons ; not
acknowledged as authentic. Barrow.
UN-€A-NON'I-€AL-NESS, n. The state of being uncanon-
ical.
UN-GAN'O-PIED, a. Not covered by a canopy.
TJN-€AP', V. t. To remove a cap or cover ; to open.
LTN-eA'PA-BLE, a. Incapable.
UN-€AP'PED, pp. Opened.
UN-CAP'TI-VA-TED, a. Not captivated. Rambler.
UN-€aRED for, a. Not regarded ; not heeded.
UN-€aR'NATE, a. Not fleshly. Broicn.
JN-€aR 'PET-ED, a. Not covered with a carpet.
JN-€aSE', v. t. 1. To disengage from a covering ; to take
off or out. 2. To flay ; to strip.
tJjN-€AS'ED, pp. Stripped of a covering or case.
JN-€aS'ING, ppr. Disengaging from a cover.
'JN-CAS'TRA-TED, a. Not castrated.
JN-€AT'E-€HiSED, a. Not catechised ; untaught. Milton.
JN-e AUGHT', (un-kawf) a. Not yet caught or taken.
UN-€AUS'ED, a. Having no precedent cause ; existing
without an author.
UN-€AU'TIOUS, a. Not cautious ; not wary ; heedless.
UN-CeAS'ING, a. Not ceasing ; not intermitting ; con-
tinual.
UN-CeAS'ING-LY, adv Without intermission or cessa-
tion ; continually.
L'X-CEL'E-BRA-TED, a. Not celebrated ; not solemnized.
rJN-CE-LES'TIAL, a. Not hea.vei\\y. Feltham.
UN-CEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. Not worthy of censure. Dicight.
UN-CEN'SURED, (un-sen'shurd) a. Not censured ; exempt
from blame or reproach. Pope.
UN-CEN'TRI-CAL, a. Not central ; distant from the centre.
UN-CER-E-MoNI-AL, a. Not ceremonial.
UN-CER-E-MO'NI-OUS, a. Not ceremonious ; not formal.
UN-CER'TAIN, a. 1. Not certain ; doubtful ; not certainly
known. 2, Doubtful ; not having certain knowledge.
3. Not sure in the consequence. 4. Not sure ; not exact.
5. Unsettled ; irregular.
t UN-CER'TAINED, a. Made uncertain. Raleigh.
UN-CER'TAIN-LY, adv. 1. Not surely ; not certainly. 2.
Not confidently. Locke.
UN-CRR'T^.* N-TY, n. 1. Doubtfulness ; dubiousness. 2.
Want of ce'rtainty ; want of precision. 3. Contingency.
4. Something unknown.
UN-CES'SANT, a. Continual ; incessant.
,UN-CES'SANT-LY, adv. Incessantly.
UN-CHaIN', v. t To free from chains or slavery.
UN-CHaIN'ED, pp. Disengaged from chains, shackles or
slavery.
UN-CHAIN'INGjppr. Freeing from chains,bonds or restraint.
UN-CHaN6E'A-BLE, a. Not capable of change.; immuta-
ble ; not subject to variation.
UN-CHaNGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of be-
ing subject to no change ; immutability. JsTeioion.
UN-CHaNGE'A-BLY, adv. Without change ; immutably.
UN-CHaNG'ED, a. 1. Not changed or altered. 2. Not al-
terable.
UN-CHaN6'ING, a. Not changing ; suffering no alteration.
UN-€HAR-Ae-TER-IS'TI€, a. Not characteristic ; not ex-
hibiting a character. Gregory.
t UN-CHXR6E', V. t. To relract an accusation.
UN-CHaR6 ED, a. Not charged ; not loaded. Shak.
UN-CHAR'IT A-BLE, a. Not charitable ; contrary to char-
ity, or the universal love prescribed by Christianity.
UN-CHAR IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of charity.
UN-CHAR'IT- A-BLY, adv. In a manner contrary to charity.
UN-CHaRM'j v. t. To release from some charm, fascination,
or secret power. Beaumont.
UN-CHARM'ED, a. Not charme i ; not fascinated.
UN-CHAR M'ING, a. Not charming. Drxjden.
f UN-CHa'RY, a. Not wary ; not frugal. Shak.
UN-CHASTE', a. Not chaste : not continent; not pure ; li-
bidinous ; lewd. Milton .
UN-CHASTE'LY, ndi\ Incontinently ; lewdly. Milton.
UN-CHAS-TIS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be chastised.
UN-CHAS-TiS'ED, a. 1. Not chastised ; not punished. 2
Not corrected ; not restrained .
UN-CHAS'TI-TY, n. Incontinence; lewdness; unlawful
indulgence of the sexual appetite. Woodward.
UN-CHECK'ED, a. 1. Not checked ; not restrained ; not
hindered. 2. Not contradicted. Shak.
UN-CHEER'FUL, a. Not cheerful ; sad. Shak.
UN-CHEER'FIJL-NESS, n. Want of cheerfulness ; sad-
ness.
UN-CHEER'Y, a. Dull ; not enlivenmg. Sterne.
UN-CHEW'ED, a. Not chewed or masticated. Dryden.
tUN-CHiLD', V. t. To bereave of children. Shak.
UN-€HRIST'IAN, a. 1. Contrary to the laws of Christian-
ity. 2. Not evangelized ; not converted to the Christian
faith ; infidel.
UN-€HRIST'IAN, v. t. To deprive of the constituent qual-
ities of Christianity. South.
UN-CHRIST lAN-iZE, v. t. To turn from the Christian
faith ; to cause to degenerate from the belief and profes-
sion of Christianity.
Ux\-€HRTST'IAN-LY, a. Contrary to the laws of Christiani-
ty ; unbecoming Christians. Milton.
UN-€HRIST'IAN-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to Chris-
tian principles. Bedell.
UN-CHRIST'IAN-NESS, n. Contrariety to Christianity.
UN-CHURCH', v. t. To expel from a church ; to deprive of
the character and rights of a church. Milner.
UN-CHURCH'ED, pp. Expelled from a church.
UN-CHURCH'ING, ppr. Expelling from a church.
UN'CIAL, a. [L. uncialis.] Pertaining to letters of a large
size, used in ancient manuscripts.
UN'CIAL, n. An uncial letter.
UN'CI-NATE, a. [L. uncinatus.] In botany, hooked at the
end. Martyn. _
UN-CiR'CUM-ClSED, a. Not circumcised. Scripture.
UN-CtR-CUM-Cl'SION, n. Absence or want of circum-
cision.
UN-CiR-€UM-S€RlB'ED, a. Not cu-cumscribed ; not
bounded; not limited. Addison.
UN-ClR-€UM-SPEeT', a. Not circumspect ; not cautious.
t UN-CiR-CUM-STAN'TlAL, a. Not important. Brown.
UN-CIVIL, a. 1. Not civil; not complaisant; not cour-
teous in manners. 2. Not polite ; rude.
UN-CIV-IL-I-Za'TION, n. A state of savageness ; rude
UN-CIV'IL-TZED, a. 1. Not reclaimed from savage life.
2, Coarse ; indecent ; [obs.] Addison.
UN-CIV'IL-LY, adv. Not complaisantly ; not courteouslv.
UN-CLAD', a. Not clad ; not clothed
UN-CLaIM'ED, a. Not claimed ; not demanded.
UN-CLAR'I-FiED, a. Not purified; not fined; not depu-
rated by a separation of feculent or foreign matter.
UN-CLASP', r. t. To loose a clasp; to open what is fasten-
ed with a clasp. Shak.
UN-€LASP'ING, ppr. Loosing a clasp.
UN-CLAS'SIC, ) a. 1. Not classic ; not according to
UN-CLAS'SI-CAL, i the best models of writing. 2. Not
pertaining to the classic writers.
UN'CLE, n. [Fr. oncle ; contracted from L. avunculus.]
The brother of one's father oi- mother.
UN.CLEAN', a. 1. Not clean ; foul ; dirty ; filthy. 2. In
the Jewish law, ceremonially impure. Lev. xi. 3. Foul
with sin. Matt. x. 4. Not in covenant with God. 1 Cor
vh. 5. Lewd ; unchaste.
UN-CLeAN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be cleansed.
UN-CLEAN'LI-NESS, (un-klen'le-nes) n. Want of clean-
liness ; filthiness. Clarendon.
UN-CLEAN'LY, (un-klen'ly) a. 1. Foul; filthy; dirty.
Shak. 2. Indeeent ; unchaste ; obscene.
UN-CLeAN'NESS, n. 1. Foulness ; dirtiness ; filthiness.
2. Want of ritual or ceremonial purity. Lev. xv. 3. I\Ior-
al impurity ; defilement by sin ; sinfulness. 4. Juewd
ness ; incontinence. Col. iii.
UN-CLEANS'ED, (un-klenzd') a. Not cleansed ; not puri-
fied.
UN-CLEW, V. t. To undo ; to unwind, unfold or untie.
UN-CLINCH', v.t. Toopenthe closed hand. Garth.
UN-CLINCH'ED, pp. Opened ; unclosed.
UN-CLIP'PED, a. Not clipped ; not cut ; not diminished or
shortened by clipping.
UN-CLOG', V. t. To disencumber of difficulties and obstruc-
tions ; to free from encumbrances or any thing that retards
motion.
UN-CLOG GED, pp. or a. Disencumbered ; set free from
obstructions.
UN-CLOGGING, ppr. Disencumbering.
UN-CLOISTER, v. t. To release from a cloister or from
confinement; to set at liberty. JVorns.
UN-CLOIS'TERED, pp. Released from a cloister or from
confinement.
UN-CLOIS'TER-ING, ppr. Releasing from confinement
UN-CLoSE', V. t. 1. To open ; to break the seal of. 2
To disclose ; to lay open.
UN-CLOS'ED, pp. 1. Opened. 2. a. Not separated by
* See Syvopsis. A, E, I, O, V, 1% long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsoleis.
UNO
871
UNC
Enclosures; open. 3. Not finished; not concluded. 4.
Not closed ; not sealed.
'JN-€LoS'ING, ppr. Opening ; breaking the seal of.
UN-CLoTHE', V. t. To strip of clothes ; to make naked ;
to divest. Watts
UN-€LoTH'ED, ;)|p. Stripped of clothing or covering.
CJN-€LoTH'ED-LY, adt>. Without clothing. Bacon.
UN-€LoTH'lNG, p;m-. Stripping of clothing.
UN-CLOUD', V. t. To unvail ; to clear from obscurity or
clouds.
UN-€LOUD'ED, a. 1. Not cloudy ; free from clouds ;
clear. 2. Not darkened ; not obscured.
UN-€LOUD'ED-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from clouds ; clear-
ness. 2. Freedom from obscurity or gloom.
rN-€LOUD'ING, fpr. Clearing from clouds or obscurity.
UN-CLOUD'Y, a. Not cloudy ; clear ; free from clouds,
obscurity or gloom. Qay.
UN-CLUTCH', V. t. To open something closely shut.
UN-CO- AG 'U-LA-BLE, a. That cannot be coagulated.
Quod.
UN-CO-AG'U-LA-TED, a. Not coagulated or concreted.
UN-CoAT'ED, a. Not coated ; not covered with a coat.
UN-COCKED, a. 1. Not cocked, as a gun. 2, Not made
into cocks, as hay. 3. Not set up, as the brim of a hat.
UiV-COIF', V. t. To pull the cap off. Arbuthnot.
UN-COIF'ED, a. Not w^earing a coif. Young:
UN-COIL', V. t. To unwind or open, as the turns of a rope.
UN-CO IL'ED,p2?. Opened; unwound.
UN-eOI]\'ED, a. Not coined ; as, uncoined silver.
UN-COL-LECT'ED, a. 1. Not collected ; not received.
2. Not collected ; not recovered from confusion or wan-
dering.
UN-COL-LECT'I-BLE, a. Not collectible; that cannot be
collected or levied, or paid by the debtor.
UN-C6L'0RED, a. 1. Not colored ; not stained or dyed.
2. N^t heightened in description.
UN-CoMB'ED, a. Not combed; not dressed with a comb.
UN-COM-BlN'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being combined.
UN-COM-BlN'ED, a. Not combined ; separate ; simple.
UN-CO ME'LI-NESS, n. Want of comeliness; want of
beauty or grace. Locke,
UN-C6ME'LY, a. 1. Not comely ; wanting grace. 2. Un-
seemly ; unbecoming ; unsuitabl*.
UN-C6M'FORT-A-BLE, a. ]. Affording no comfort;
gloomy. 2. Giving uneasiness.
UN-C6M'F0RT-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Want of comfort or
cheerfulness. Taylor. 2. Uneasiness.
UN-C6M'F0E,T-A-BLY, adv. In an uncomfortable man-
ner ; without comfort or cheerfulness.
UN-COM-MAND'ED, a. Not commanded ; not required by
precept, order or law. South.
UN-COM-MEND'A-BLE, a. [See'* Commendable.] Not
commendable ; not worthy of commendation ; illaudable.
UN-COM-MEND'ED, a. Not praised ; not commended.
UN-COM-MER'CIAL, a. Not commercial; not carrying on
commerce.
UN-COM-MIS'ER-A-TED, a. Not commiserated ; not
pitied.
UN-COM-MIS'SIONED, a. Not commissioned ; not having
a commission. Tooke.
FJN-COM-MIT'TED, a. Not committed. Hammond.
UN-COM'MON, a. 1. Not common ; not usual ; rare. 2.
Not frequent ; not often seen or known.
UN-COM'MON-LY, adv. 1. Rarely; not usually. 2. To
an uncommon degree.
UN-COM'MON-NESS, n. Rareness of occurrence; infre-
quency.
UN-COM-MU'NI-CA-TED, a. 1. Not communicated ; not
disclosed or delivered to others. 2. Not imparted to or
from another.
UN-COM-MU'NI-CA-TiVE, a. Not communicative ; not
free to communicate to others ; reserved.
UN-COM-PACT', a. Not compact; not firm; not of close
texture; loose. .Addison.
UN-COM-PACT'ED, a. Not compact ; not firm. Johnson.
UN-CoM'PA-NIED, a. Having no companion. Fairfax.
UN-COM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Not compassionate.
UN-CO.\T-PAS'SIONED, a. Not pitied.
UN-COM-PELL'A-BLE, a. Not compellable; that cannot
be forced or compelled. Feltham.
UN-COM-PELL'ED, a. Not forced ; free from compulsion. ■
UN-COM'PEN-SA-TED, a. [See*CoMPENSATE.] Not com-
pensated ; unrewarded.
UN-COM-PLaIN'ING, a. Not complaining ; not murmur-
ing ; not disposed to murmur.
UN-COM'PLAI-SANT, a. Not complaisant ; not civil ; not
cour.eous. Locke.
UN-COM'PLAI-SANT-LY, adv. Uncivilly ; discourteously.
UN-COM-PLeTE , a. Not complete ; not finished.
UN-COM-PLeT'ED, a. Not finished ; not completed.
UN-COM-PL^'ING, a. Not complying ; not yielding to re-
quest or command ; unbending, >
UN-COM-POUND'ED, a. 1 . Not compounded ; not mixed.
2. Simple ; not intricate.
UN-eOM-POUND'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from mixture;
simplicity of substance. Hammond.
UN-COM-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a 1 Not comprehensive. 2
Unable to comprehend. South.
UN-COM-PRESS'ED, a. Not compressed ; free from com-
pression. Boyle.
UN-COM'PRO-MiS-ING, a. Not compromising ; not agree-
ing to terms ; not complying. Revieio.
UN-CON-CEIV'A-BLE, a. Not to be conceived or under-
stood ; that cannot be comprehended. Locke.
UN-CON-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of
being inconceivable. {Little -tused.'] Locke.
UN-CON-CeIV'ED, a. Not thought ; not imagined. Creech
UN-CON-CEPiN', n. Want of concern ; absence of anxiety j
freedom from solicitude. Swift.
UN-CON-CERN'ED, a. I. Not concerned; not anxious;
feeling no solicitude. 2. Having no interest in.
UN-CON-CERN ED-LY, adv. Without interest or affection ;
without anxiety. Dryden
UN-CON-CERN'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from concern or
anxiety. South.
tUN-CON-CERN'ING, a. Not interesting ; not affecting ;
not belonging to one. Addison.
t UN-CON-CERN'MENT, n. The state of having no share.
UN-CON-CIL'I-A-TED, a. Not reconciled.
UN-CON-CIL'I-A-TING, a. Not conciliating ; not adapted
or disposed to gain favor, or to reconciliation.
f UN-CON-CLtJD'I-BLE, a. Not determinable. More.
UN-CON-CLtJD'ING, or UN-CON-CLuD'ENT, a. Not de-
cisive ; not inferring a plain or certain conclusion. [L. zt.]
t UN-CON-CLtJD'ING-NESS, n. Quality of being incon-
clusive. Boyle.
t UN-CON-CLU SIVE, a. Not decisive. Hammond.
UN-CON-COCT'ED, a. Not concocted; not digested.
Brown.
UN-CON-DEM'NED, a. 1. Not condemned ; not judged
guilty. 2. Not disapproved ; not pronounced criminal.
UN-CON-DENS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be condensed.
UN-CON-DENS'ED, a. Not condensed.
UN-CON-Dl"TION-AL, a. Absolute; unreserved; not
limited by any conditions. Dryden.
UN-CON-Dl"TION-AL-LY, adv. Without conditions;
without terms of limitation ; without reservation.
UN-CON-Du'CING, a. Not leading to. Phillips.
UN-CON-DUCT'ED, a. Not led ; not guided. Barrow.
UN-CON-FESS'ED, a. Not confessed ; not acknowledged.
UN-CON -Fl]^' A -BLE, a. 1. Unbounded; [obs.] Shak
2. That cannot be confined or restrained. Thomson.
UN-CON-FIN'ED, a. L Not confined; free from re-
straint ; free from control. 2. Having no limits ; un
bounded.
UN-CON-FlN'£D-LY, adv. Without confinement. Bar-
rou\
UN-CON-FiRM'ED, a. 1. Not fortified by resolution ;
weak ; raw. 2. Not confirmed ; not strengthened by ad-
ditional testimony. 3. Not confirmed according to the
church ritual.
t UN-CON-FORM', a. Unlike ; dissimilar ; not analogous.
UN-CON-FORM'A-BLE, a. Not consistent ; not agreeable ;
not conforming. Watts.
UN-CON-FORM'I-TY, n. Incongruity ; inconsistency ;
want of conformity. South.
UN-CON-FuS'ED, a. 1. Free from confusion or disorder.
Locke. 2. Not embarrassed .
UN-CON-FtFS'ED-LY, adv. Without confusion. Locke.
UN-CON-FtJT'A-BLE, a. Not confutable ; not to be refut-
ed or overthrown ; that cannot be disproved or convicted
of error.
UN-CON-GeAL'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being con-
gealed.
UN-CON-(jEAL'ED, a. Not frozen ; not congealed ; not
concreted. Brown.
UN-CON-Ge'NI-AL, a. Not congenial.
UN-CON'JU-GAL, a. Not suitable to matrimonial faith;
not befitting a wife or husband. Milton.
UN-CON- JUNC'TIVE, a. That cannot be joined. [L. u 1
UN-CON-NECT'ED, a. 1. Not connected; not united;
separate. 2. Not coherent ; not joined by proper trans-
itions or dependence of parts ; loose ; vague ; desultory.
UN-CON-NlV'ING, a. Not conniving ; not overlooking or
winking at. Milton.
UN-CON'aUER-A-BLE, a. 1. Not conquerable; invinci-
ble ; that cannot be vanquished or defeated ; that cannot
be overcome in contest. 2. That cannot be subdued and
brought under control.
UN-CON'aUER-A-BLY, adv. Invincibly ; insuperably.
UN-CON'aUERED, a. 1. Not vanquished or defeated. 2.
Unsubdued ; not brought under control. 3. Invincible ,
insuperable.
UN-CON-SGI-EN'TIOUS, a. Not conscientious ; not regu-
lated or limited by conscience. Kent.
UN-CON'SCION-A-BLE, a. 1. Unreasonable; exceeding
the limits of any reasonable claim or expectation. 2
Forming unreasonable expectations. 3. Enormous ;
' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK. D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «Aw \ Obsolete .
UNC
872
UNC
vast ; 'not elegant.] 4. Not guided or influenced by con-
science.
UN-€ON'SCION-A-BLE-NESS, n. tTnreasonableness of
hope or claim.
UN-€ON'SCION-A-BLY, adv. Unreasonably ; in a manner
or degree that conscience and reason do not justify.
UN-€ON'SCIOUS, a. 1. Not conscious ; having no mental
perception. 2. Not conscious ; not knowing ; not perceiv-
ing.
UN-€ON'SCIOUS-LY, adv. Without perception ; without
knowledge.
UN-€ON'SCIOUS-NESS, n. Want of perception 3 want of
knowledge.
t UN-€ON'SE-eRATE, v. t. To render not sacred ; to dese-
crate South.
UN-€ON'SE-€RA-TED, a. Not consecrated ; not set apart
for a sacred use by religious ceremonies ; not dedicated or
devoted.
UN-€Oi\-SENT'ED to. Not consented to ; not yielded ;
not agreed to. Wake.
UN-€ON-SENT'ING, a. Not consenting ; not yielding con-
sent.
UN-€ON-SID'ERED, a. Not considered ; not attended to.
UN-eON-SoL'ED, a. Not consoled 5 not comforted.
UN-€ON-SOL'I-DA-TED, a. Not consolidated or made
solid.
UN-€ON-SoL'ING, a. Not consoling ; affording no comfort.
trN-€ON'SO-NANT, a. Not consonant ; not consistent 5 in-
congruous ; unfit. [Little used.] Hooker.
t UN-€ON-SPlRING-NESS, n. Absence of plot or conspir-
acy. Boyle.
UN-€ON'STANT, a. Not constant ; not steady or faithful ;
fickle ; changeable. Shak.
UN-€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Not agreeable to the con-
stitution j not authorized by the constitution 5 contrary to
the principles of the constitution.
UN-eON-STI-TU-TION-AL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being
unauthorized by the constitution, or contrary to its pro-
visions or principles.
UN-€ON-STI-TU'TION-AL-LY, adv. In a manner not
warranted by or contrary to the constitution.
UN-€ON-STRaIN'ED, a. 1. Free from constraint ; acting
voluntarily ; voluntary. 2. Not proceeding from con-
straint ; as actions.
UN-€ON-STRa1N'ED-LY, adv. Without force or con-
straint ; freely ; spontaneously ; voluntarily. South.
UN-€ON-STRaINT', 71. Freedom from constraint ; ease.
UN-€0N-SULT'ING, a. Taking no advice ; rash ; impru-
dent. Sidney-.
UN-€ON-SuM'ED, a. Not consumed ; not wasted, expend-
ed or dissipated; not destroyed. Milton.
UN-eON-SUM'MATE, a. Not consummated. Dryden.
UN-€ON-TEM'NED, a. Not despised; not contemned.
UN-€ON-TEND'ED for. Not contended for ; not urged for.
(JN-€ON-TENDTNG, a. Not contending ; not contesting.
UN-€ON-TENT'ED, a. Not contented ; not satisfied,
f- UN-€ON-TEiNT'ING-NESS, n. Want of power to satisfy.
UN-€ON-TEST'A-BLE, a. Indisputable ; not to be con-
troverted.
UN-€ON-TEST'ED, a. ]. Not contested; not disputed.
2. Evident ; plain. Blackmore.
UN-€ON-TRA-DI€T'ED, a. Not contradicted ; not denied.
UN-€ON'TRlTE, a. Not contrite ; not penitent.
UN-€ON-TRlV'ED, a. Not contrived ; not formed by de-
sign. Dwirrht.
tJN-€ON-TR£V'ING, a. Not contriving ; improvident.
UN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be controll-
ed; ungovernable; that cannot be restrained. 2. That
cannot be resisted or diverted. 3. Indisputable ; irrefra-
gable.
UN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLY, adv. 1. Without power of op-
position. 2. In a manner or degree that admits of no re-
straint or resistance.
UN-eON-TRoLL ED, a. I. Not governed ; not subjected
to a superior power or authority ; not restrained. 2. Not
resisted ; unopposed. 3. Not convinced ; not refuted.
UN-€ON-TRoLL'ED-LY, adv. Without control or re-
straint ; without effectual opposition. Decay of Piety.
lJN-€ON'TRO-VERT-ED, a. Not disputed ; not contested;
not liable to be called in question. Olanville.
UN-€ON-YERS'A-BLE, a. 1. Not free in conversation;
no: social ; reserved. 2. Not suited to conversation.
ITN-€0N'VER-SANT, a. Not conversant; not familiarly
acquainted with. Mitford.
CrN-€ON-VERT'ED, a. 1. Not converted ; not changed in
opinion ; not turned from one faith to another. 2. Not
persuaded of the truth of the Christian religion. 3. Not
renewed ; not regenerated. 4. Not turned or changed
from one form to another.
UN-€ON-VERT'I-BLE, a. That cannot be converted or
changed in form.
lJN-€ON-VIN'CED, a. Not convinced ; not persuaded.
UN-€ORD', V. t. To loose from cords ; to unfasten or un-
bind.
UN-€ORK', V. t. 'To draw the cork from
UN-€ORK'ED, pp. Having the cork drawn
UN-€ORK'ING, ppr. Drawing the cork from.
UN-€OR'0-NET-ED, a. Not honored with a coronet
UN-€OR'PU-LENT, a. Not corpulent ; not fleshy. Pollttk
UN-€OR-RE€T'ED, a. 1. Not corrected; not revised
not rendered exact. 2. Not reformed; not amended.
UN-€OR'Rr -GI-BLE, a. That cannot be corrected ; deprav
ed beyond correction.
UN-€OR-RUPT', a. Not corrupt ; not depraved ; not per-
verted ; not tainted with wickedness ; not influenced by
iniquitous interest.
UN-€OR-RUPT'ED, a. Not corrupted ; not vitiated ; net
depraved. Dryden.
UN-€OR-RUPT'ED-NESS, n. State of being uncorrupted.
UN-€OR-RUPT'I-BLE, a. That cannot be corrupted.
UN-eOR-RUPT'LY, adv. With integrity ; honestly.
UN-€OR-RUPT'NESS, n. Integrity ; uprightness.
UN-€OUN'SEL-A-BLE, a. Not to be advised ; not consist-
ent with good advice or prudence. Clarendon.
UN-€OUNT'A-BLE, a. That cannot be counted.
ITN-€0UNT'ED, a. Not counted ; no' numbered. Shak.
UN-€OUN'TER-FElT, a. Not counterfeit; not spurious;
genuine. Sprat.
UN-€OUN-TER-MXND'ED, a. Not countermanded.
UN-€6UP'LE, (un-kup'pl) v. t. To loose dogs from their
couples ; to set loose ; to disjoin. Dryden.
UN-€6UP'LED, (un-kup'pld) pp. Disjoined; set free.
UN-€6UP'LING, ppr. Disuniting ; setting free.
mV-eoURT'E-OUS, (un-kurt'e-us) a. [See * Courteous.]
Uncivil ; unpolite ; not kind and complaisant. Sidney.
UN-€6URT'E-0US-LY, adv. Uncivilly ; unpolitely.
UN-€6URT'E-OUS-NESS, n. IncivUity ; disobliging treat-
ment.
UN-€oURT'LI-NESS, n. Unsuitableness of manners to a
court ; inelegance. .Bddison.
UN-CoURT'LY, a. I. Inelegant of manners ; not becom-
ing a court ; not refined ; unpolite. 2. Not courteous or
civil. 3. Not versed in the manners of a court.
UN-€oUTH', a. [Sax. wicuth.] Odd ; strange ; unusual ;
not rendered pleasing by familiarity.
UN-€(3UTH'LY, ado. Oddly; strangely. Dryden.
UN-€(3UTH'NESS, n. Oddness ; strangeness; want of
agreeableness derived from familiarity.
UN-Co V'E-NANT-ED, a. Not promised by covenant; not
resting on a covenant or promise. S. Miller.
UN-€6V'ER, V. t. 1. To divest of a cover; to remove
any covering from. 2. To deprive of clothes ; to strip ;
to make naked. 3. To unroof, as a building. 4. To take
off the hat or cap ; to bare the head. 5. To strip of a vail,
or of any thing that conceals ; to lay open ; to disclose to
view.
UN-Co V'ERED, pp. Divested of a covering or of clothing ;
laid open to view ; made bare.
UN-C6V'ER-ING, ppr. Divesting of a cover or of clothes;
stripping of a vail ; laying open to view.
UN-€RE-aTE', v. t. To annihilate ; to deprive of exist-
ence. Milton.
UN-€RE-aT'ED, pp. 1. Reduced to nothing; deprived of
existence. 2. a. Not yet created. 3. Not produced by
creation.
UN-€RED'I-BLE, a. Not to be believed ; not entitled to
credit.
UN-CRED'IT-A-BLEj a. 1. Not in good credit or reputa-
tion ; not reputable. 2. Not for the credit or reputa-
tion.
UN-CRED'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Want of reputation
2. The quality of being disreputable.
UN-CRED'IT-ED, a. Not believed. Warner.
UN-€RIT'I-CAL, a. 1. Not critical. 2. Not according to
the just rules of criticism. M. Stuart.
UN-CROP'PED, a. Not cropped ; not gathered. Milton.
UN-CROSS'ED, a. 1. Not crossed ; not canceled. Shak. 2.
Not thwarted ; not opposed.
UN-CROWD'ED, a. Not crowded ; not compressed ; not
straitened for want of room.
UN-CROWN', V. t. 1. To deprive of a crown; to dethrone.
2. To pull off the crown. Dryden.
UN-CROWN'ED, pp. 1. Deprived of a crown. 2. a. Not
crowned ; having no crown.
UN-CROWN'ING, ppr. Depriving of a crown.
UN-CRYS'TAL-lZ-A-BLE, a Not susceptible of crystali-
zation. Ure.
UN-CRYS'TAL-TZED, a. Not crystalized.
UNCTION, n. [Fr. onction ; L. unctio.] 1. The act of
anointing, 2. Unguent ; ointment. Dryden. 3 The act
of anointing medically. 4. Any thing softening or leni-
tive. Shak. 5. That which excites piety and devotion.
Johnson. 6. Richness of gracious affections. 7. Divine
or sanctifying grace. I John i. — Extreme unction, the rite
of anointing in the last hours ; or the apphcation of sacred
oil to the parts where the five senses reside.
UNCT-U-OS'I-TY, «. Oiliness; fatness; the quality of be-
ing greasy. Brown.
* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FKR F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;
t Obsolete
UND
b?:
UND
0N€TU-OUS, a. 1. Fat j oily 5 greasy. Dryden. 2. Hav-
ing a resemblance to oil.
trN€T'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Fatness , oiliness. 2. The
quality of resembling oil.
UN-€U€K 'OLD-ED, a. Not made a cuckold. Shalt.
riN-eULL'ED, a. 1. Not gathered. 2. Not separated j
not selected.
IJN-€UL'PA-BLE, a. Notblamable; not faulty. Hooker.
f UN-€ULT', a. [un, and L. cultus.] Uncultivated ; rude ;
illiterate. Ch. Relig. Appeal.
I/N-€UL'TI-VA-BLE, a. Not capable of being cultivated.
L»N-€UL'TI-VA-TED, a. 1. Not cultivated ; not tilled; not
used in tillage. 9. Not instructed ; not civilized ; rude ;
rough in manners.
irN-eUM'BERED, a. Not burdened; not embarrassed.
UN-€uR'A-BLE, a. Incurable. [ The latter is mostly used.l
UN-€dR A-BLY, adv. Incurably.
\ UN-€URB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be curbed or checked.
(JN-€URB'ED, a. Not curbed ; not restrained ; licentious.
CrN-€URL', V. t. To loose from ringlets. Dryden.
rJN-eURL', V. i. To fall from a curled state, as ringlets ; to
become straight. Shak.
UN-€URL'ED, pp. 1. Loosed from ringlets. 2. a. Not
curlr-^ ; not formed into ringlets.
UN-CURL'ING, ppr. Loosing from ringlets.
UN-€lTR'RENTj a. Not current ; not passing in common
payment. Shak.
t UN-€URSE , (un-curs') v. t. To free from any execration.
[JN-€URS'ED, ) a. Not cursed ; not execrated, King
UN-eURST', \ Charles.
UN-€UR-TaIL'ED, a. Not curtailed ; not shortened.
LrN-€US TOM-A-RY, a. Not customary; not usual.
Dwight.
UN-€US'TOMED, a. 1. Not subjected to customs or duty.
2. That has not paid duty, or been charged with customs.
UN-€UT', a. Not cut ; as, trees uncut. Waller.
UN-DAM', V. t. To free from a dam, mound or obstruction.
UN-DAM'A6ED, a. Not damaged ; not made worse.
UN-DAMP ED, a. Not damped ; not depressed.
UN-DaN'6ER-OUS, a. Not dangerous. Thmson.
UN-DaRK'ENED, a. Not darkened or obscured.
UN'DA-TED, a. [L, undatus, unda.] Waved ; rising and
falling in waves towards the margin, as a leaf.
UN-DaT'ED, a. Not dated ; having no date.
UN-DA UNT'A-BI-E, a. Not to be daunted. Harmar.
UN-DAUNT'ED, a. Not daunted ; not subdued or depress-
ed by fear ; intrepid. Dryden.
UN-DaUNT'ED-LY, adv. Boldly ; intrepidly. South.
UN-DAUNT'ED-NESS, 71. Boldness ; fearless bravery.
UN-DAWN'ING, a. Not yet dawning ; not growing light ;
not opening with brightness. Coicper.
UN-DAZ'ZLED, a. Not dazzled ; not confused by splendor.
.Milton. Boyle.
t UN-DEAF', v. t. To free from deafness.
UN-DE-BaS'ED, a. Not debased ; not adulterated. Shak.
UN-DE-BAUCH'ED, a. Not debauched ; not corrupted ;
pure. Dryden.
JN-DE€'A-GON, n. [L. undecim, and Gr. ywvia.] A fig-
ure of eleven angles or sides.
UN-DE-€aY'ED, a. Not decayed ; not impaired by age or
accident ; being in full strength. Dryden.
UN-DE-CaY'ING, a. 1. Not decaying ; not suffering dim-
inution or decline. 2. Immortal.
UN-DE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be deceived; not
subject to deception. Holder.
UN-DE-CeIVE , V. t. To free from deception, cheat, falla-
cy or mistake, whether caused by others or by ourselves.
UN-DE-CeIV'ED, pp. \. Disabused of cheat, deception or
fallacy. _2. Not deceived ; not misled or imposed on.
UN-DE-CeIV'ING, ppr. Freeing from deception or fallacy.
UN-De'CEN-CY, n. Unbecomingness ; indecency.
UN-De'CENT, a. Not decent; indecent.
UN-De'CENT-LY, adv. Indecently.
UN-DE-CID'A-BLE, a. That cannot be decided. South.
UN-DE-CiD'ED, a. Not decided ; not determined.
UN-DE-Ci'PHER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be deciphered.
UN-DE-C!'PHERED, a. Not deciphered or explained.
UN-DE-Cl'SIVE, a. Not decisive ; not conclusive ; not de-
termining the controversy or contest. Granville.
UN-DEGK', v.t. To divest of ornaments. Shak.
UN-DE€K'ED, pp. 1. Deprived of ornaments. 2 a Not
decked ; not adorned. Milton.
UN-DE-€LaR'ED, a. Not declared ; not avowed.
UN-DE-€LlN'A-BLE, a. I. That cannot be declined. 2.
Not to be avoided. Hacket.
UN-DE-CLTN'ED, a. 1. Not deviating; not turned from
the right wav. 2. Not varied in termination.
UN-DE-€0M-P6S'A-BLE, a. Not admitting decomposition ;
that cannot be_ decomposed. Chemistry.
UN-DE-€OM-PoS'ED, a. Not decomposed ; not separated,
as constituent particles. Ckemistrv.
UN-DE-€OM-POUND'ED, a. Not decompounded.
UN-DE€'0-RA-TED, a. Not adorned; not embellished;
plain. Buckminster.
UN-DED'I-€A-TED, a. 1. Not dedicated ; not conspcratcd
2. Not inscribed to a patron.
UN-DEED'ED, a. 1. Not signalized by any great action
Shak. 2. Not transferred by deed ; [local.^
UN-DE-FaCE'A-BLE, a. That cannot be defaced.
UN-DE-Fa'CED, a. Not deprived of its form ; not dis-
figured.
UN-DE-FeAS'I-BLE, a. Not defeasible.
UN-DE-FEND'ED, a. 1. Not defended ; not protected. 2.
Not vindicated. 3. Open to assault; being without
works of defense.
UN-DE-Fi'ED, a. Not set at defiance ; not challenged.
UN-DE-FlL'ED, a. Not defiled ; not polluted ; not vitiated
UN-DE-FlN'A-BLE, a. 1. Not definable ; not capable of
being described or limited. 2. That cannot be described
bv interpretation or definition.
UN-DE-FlN'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being
undefinable. E. T. Fitch.
UN-DE-FlN'ED, a. I. Not defined ; not described by defi-
nition or explanation. 2. Not having its limits described
UN-DE-FLOUR'ED, a. Not debauched ; not vitiated.
UN-DE-FORM'ED, a. Not deformed ; not disfigured.
UN-DE-FRAUD'ED, a. Not defrauded.
UN-DE-FRaY'ED, a. Not defraved ; not paid.
UN-DE-GRAD'ED, a. Not degraued.
UN-De'I-Fy, v. t. To reduce from the state of Deity.
UN-DEL'E-GA-TED, a. Not delegated ; not deputed ; not
granted.
UN-DE-LIB'ER-A-TED, a. Not carefully considered.
UN-DE-LIB'ER-A-TING, a. Not deliberating; not hesiti-
ting ; hasty ; prompt.
UN-DE-LlGHT'ED, a. Not delighted ; not well pleased.
UN-DE-LlGHT'FUL, a. Not giving delight or great pleas-
ure.
UN-DE-LI V'ERED, a. Not deUvered ; not communica-
ted.
UN-DE-MAND'ED, a. Not demanded ; not required.
UN-DE-MOL'ISHED, a. 1. Not demolished ; not pulled
down. Swift. 2. Not destroyed.
UN-DE-MON'STRA-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of fuller evi
dence. Hooker. 2. Not capable o-^ demonstration.
UN-DE-Nl'A-BLE, a. That cannot be denied.
UN-DE-Nl'A-BLY, adv. So plainly as to admit no denial.
UN-DE-PEND'ING, a. Not dependent. Milton.
UN-DE-PLOR'ED, a. Not lamented. Dryden.
UN-DE-PoS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be deposed from office
Milton.
UN-DE-PR A V'ED, rt. Not corrupted ; not vitiated.
UN-DEP'RE-GA-TED, a. Not deprecated.
UN-DE-PRe'CIA-TED, a. Not depreciated. Walsh.
UN-DE-PRlV'ED, a. Not deprived ; not divested of by au-
thority ; not stripped of any possession.
UN'DER, prep. [Goth, undar ; Sax. under ; D. onder ; G.
unter.] 1. Beneath ; below ; so as to have something over
or above. 2. In a state of pupilage or subjection to. 3.
In a less degree than. 4. For less than. 5. Less than ;
below. 6. With the pretense of; with the cover or pre-
text of. 7. With less than. 8. In a degree, state or rank
inferior to. 9. In a state of being loaded ; in a state of
bearing or being burdened. 10. In a state of oppression
or subjection to, the state in which a person is considered
as bearing or having any thing laid upon him. 11. In a
state of liability or obligation. ]2. In the state of bearing
and being known by. 13. In the state of; in the enjoy-
ment or possession of. 14. During the time of. 15. Not
having reached or arrived to ; below. 16. Represented
by ; in the form of. 17. In the state of protection or de-
fense. 18. As bearing a particular character. 19 Being
contained or comprehended in. 20. Attested by; signed
by. 21. In a state of being handled, treated or discussed,
or of being the subject of. 22. In subordination to. 23
In subjection or bondage to ; ruled or influenced by ; m a
moral sense. Rom. iii. — Under a signature, bearing, as a
name or title. — Under Kay, in seamen^s language, mov-
ing ; in a condition to make progress To keep under, to
hold in subjection or control ; to restrain.
UN'DER, a. Lower in degree; subject; subordinate. — Un-
der is much used in composition.
UN-DER-A€'TION, n. Subordinate action ; action not
essential to the main story. Dr^iden.
UN-DER-a'6ENT, n. A subordinate agent. South
UN-DER-BE aR', v.t. 1 . I'o support ; to endure. Shak. 2.
To line ; to_guard ; [obs.'] Shak.
UN-DER-BEaR'ER, n. In funerals, one who sustains the
corpse.
UN-DER-BID', V. t. To bid or oflTer less than another ; as in
auctions, v/hen a contract or service is set up to the lowest
bidder.
UN'DER-BRED, a. Of inferior breeding or manners.
UN'DER-BRUSH, n. Shrubs and small trees in a wooa or
forest, growing under large trees.
t UN-DER-BU^', V. t. To buy at less than a thing is worth.
UN-DER-CHaM'BER-LAIN, n. A deputy chamberlain of
the exchequer
See Synapsis. MdVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this. >- Obsolete.
UND
874
UND
UN'JL»ER-eLERK, n. A clerk subordinate to the principal
clerk.
UN'DER-eROFT, n. A vault under the choir or chancel of
a church ; also, a vault or secret walk under ground.
UN-DER-€UR'RENT, n. A current below the surface of
the water. Mar. Diet.
UN-DER-DITCH', v. t. To form a deep ditch or trench lo
drain the surface of land.
UJN-DER-DC, v.i. 1. To act below one's abilities. B. Jon-
son. 2. Tc do less than is requisite. O-rew.
UW'DER-DOSE, n. A quantity less than a dose.
UN-DER-DoSE', v. i. To take small doses. Cheyne.
UN'DER-DRaIN, n. A drain or trench below the surface
of the ground.
UN-DER-DRAIN', v. t. To drain by cutting a deep channel
below the surface.
UN-DER-FA€'TION, n. A subordinate faction.
UN-DER-FARM'ER, 71. A subordinate farmer.
UN-DER-FEL'LoW, n. A mean, sorry wretch.
UN-DER-FILL'ING, n. The lower part of a building,
t UN-DER-FONG', z). i. [Sax. /are^a jj, to seize.] To take in
hand. Spenser.
UN'DER-FOOT, adv. Beneath. Milton.
UN'DER-F66t, a. Low j base; abject; trodden down.
UN-DER-FtJR'NISH, v. t. To supply with less than
enough.
UN-DER-FUR'NISHED, pp. Supplied with less^ than
enough.
UiN-DER-FUR'NISH-ING, ppr. Furnishing with less than
enough.
UN-DER-FUR'RoW, adv. In agriculture, to sow under-
furrow, is to plough in seed.
UN-DER-GiRD', t). t. [See Gird.] To bind below; to gird
round the bottom. Jicts xxvii.
UN-DER-Go', V. ti 1. To suffer ; to endure something bur-
densome or painful to the body or the mind. 2. To pass
through. 3. To sustain without fainting, yielding or
sinking. 4. To be the bearer of; to possess; [obs.] 5.
To support; to hazard; [obs,] 6 To be subject to;
UN-DER-Go'ING, ppr. Suffering ; enduring.
UN-DER-GONE', pp. borne ; suffered ; sustained.
UN-DER-GRAD'U-ATE, n. A stuaent or member of a uni-
versity or college, wlio has not taken his first degree.
UN-DER-GROUND', n. A place or space beneath the sur-
face of the ground. Skak.
UN'DER-GROUND, a. Being below the surface of the
ground.
UN-DER-GROUND'', adv. Beneath the surface of the earth.
[JN'DER-GRoWTH, v. That which grows under trees;
shrubs or small trees growing among large ones.
UN'DER-HAND, adv. 1. By secret means ; in a clandestine
' manner. Hooker. 2. By fraud ; by fraudulent means.
D7-7jden.
UN'DER-HAND, a. Secret; clandestine; usually implying
meanness or fraud, or both.
UN-DER-HAND'ED, a. Underhand ; clandestine.
UN-DK-RiV'ED, a. Not derived; not borrowed; not re-
ceiv'r-. from a foreign source.
UN-DER-KEEP'ER, n. A subordinate keeper. Gray.
UN-DER-La'BOR-ER, n. A subordinate workman.
UN-DER-LaID', pp. or a. [f com underlay.] Having some-
thing lying or laid beneath.
UN-DER-La1', v.t. To lay beneath ; to support by some-
thing laid_under.
UN-DER-LeAF', 7^. A sort of apple good for cider. Morti-
mer.
UN-DER-LET', v. t. 1. To let below the value. Smollett.
2. To let or lease, as a lessee or tenant ; to let under a
UN-DER-LET'TER, 71. A tenant who leases.
UN-DER-LET'TING, ppr. Letting or leasing under a lease,
or bv a lessee.
UN-DER-LET'TING, n. The act or practice of letting
lands by lessees or tenants.
UN-DER-LlNE', v. t. 1. To mark with a line below the
words ; sometimes called scoring. 2. To influence secret-
ly ; [obs.\
UN-DER-LlN'ED, pp. Marked with a line underneath.
UN DER-LING, n. An inferior person or agent ; a mean,
sorry fellow. Milton.
UN-DER-LTN'ING, ppr. Marking with a line below.
UN'DER-LOGK, n. A lock of wool hanging under the belly
of a sheep. Cyc.
UN-DER-MAS'TER, n. A master subordinate to the princi-
pal master^ Lowth.
UN'DER-MeAL, 71. A repast before dinner. B. Jonson.
UN-DER-MlNE', v. t. 1. To sap ; to excavate the earth be-
neath, for the purpose of suffering to fall, or of blowing up.
2. To excavate the earth beneath. 3. To remove the
foundation or support of any thing by clandestine means.
UN-DER-MlN'ED, pp. Sapped ; having the foundation re-
moved.
UN-DER-MlN'ER, n. 1. One that saps, or excavates the
earth beneath any thing. 2. One that clandestinely re
moves the foundation or support ; one that secretly ovei
throws.
UN- OER-MlN'ING, ppr. Sapping; digging away the eartJi
beneath ; clandestinely removing the supports of.
UN'DER-MoST, a. 1. Lowest in place beneffth others. 2.
liowest in state or condition.
t UN'DERN, n. [Sax.] The third hour of the day, or nine
o'clock. Chaucer.
UN-DER-NeATH', adv. [under and neath.] Beneath ; be-
low ; in a2ower place. Milton.
UN-DER-NeATH<, prep. Under ; beneath. B. Jonson
UN-DER-OF'FI-CER, n. A subordinate officer.
UN-DE-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Not derogatory. Boyle.
UN'DER-PART, n. A subordinate part. Dryden.
UN-DER-PET'TI-€o AT, n. A petticoat worn under a shirt
or another petticoat. Spectator.
UN-DER-PIN', v. i. 1. To lay stones under the sills of a
building, on which it is to rest. 2. To support by some
solid foundation ; or to place something underneath for
support.
UN-DER-PIN'NED, jjj7. Supported by stones or a founda-
tion.
UN-DER-PIN NING, ppr. Placing stones under the sills for
support.
UN-DER-PIN'NING, n. 1. The act of laying stones under
sills. 2. The stones on which a building immediately
rests.
UN'DER-PLOT, n. 1. A series of events in a play, proceed-
ing collaterally with tlie main story, and subservient to it.
2. A clandestine scheme.
UN-DER-PRaISE', v.t. To praise below desert.
UN-DER-PRiZE', v. t. To value at less than the worth ; to
undervalue. Skak.
UN-DER-PRTZ'ED,pp. Undervalued.
UN-DER-PRlZ'ING, ppr. Undervaluing.
UN-DER-PROP', V. t. To support ; to uphold. Fenton
UN-DER-PRO-PoR'TIONED, a. Having too little propor-
tion.
t UN-DER-PULL'ER, 7?. An inferior puller. Collier.
UN-DER-RaTE', v. t. To rate too low ; to rate below the
value ; to undervalue. Buck.
UN'DER-RATE, n. A price less than the worth.
UN-DER-RUN', v. t. To pass under in a boat. Mar. Diet.
— To undcrrun a tackle, to separate its parts and put them
in order. Mar. Diet.
UN-DER-SAT'U-RA-TED, a. Not fully saturated.
t UN-DER-SaY', v. t. To say by way of derogation or con-
tradiction. Spenser.
UN-DER-SeoRE', v. t. To mark under. Dean Tucker.
UN-DER-SE€'RE-TA-RY, 77. A secretary subordinate to
the principal secretary. Bacov.
UN-DER-SELL', v. t. To sell the same articles at a lower
price than another.
UN-DER-SELL'ING, ppr. Selling at a lower price.
UN-DER-SERV'ANT, 71. An inferior servant. Grew.
UN-DER-SET', v. t. To prop ; to support. Bacon.
UN'DER-SET, v. a current of water below the surface.
UN-DER-SET'TER, 71. A prop ; a pedestal ; a support.
UN-D"ER-SET'TING, ppr. Propping; supporting.
UN-DER-SET'TING, n. The lower part ; th« pedestal.
UN-DER-SHER'IFF, n. A sherifTs deputy.
t UN-DER-SHER'IFF-RY, n. The office of an under-sheriff.
UN'DER-SHOT, a. Moved by water passing under the
wheel ; opposed to overshot.
UN'DER-SHRUB, 7?. A low shrub, permanent and woody
at the base, but the yearly branches decaying.
UN'DER-SOIL, n. Soil beneath the surface ; subsoil. Asiat.
Res.
UN'DER-SONG, 7?. Chorus; burden of a song. Dryden.
UN-DER-STAND', v. t. ; pret. and pp. understood, [under
and stavd.] I. To have just and adequate ideas of; to
comprehend ; to know. 2. To have the same ideas as the
person who speaks, or the ideas which a person intends to
communicate. 3. To receive or have the ideas expressed
or intended to be conveyed in a writing or book ; to know
themeaning. 4. Toknow the meaning of signs, orof any
thing intended to convey ideas 5. To suppose to mean.
6. To know by experience 7. To know by instinct.
8. To interpret, at least mentally. 9. To know another's
meaning. 10. To hold in opinion with conviction. 11.
To mean without expressing. 12. To know what is not
expressed. 13. To learn ; to be informed.
UN-DER-STAND', v. i. 1. To have the use of the intellect
ual faculties ; to be an intelligent and conscious being. 2.
To be informed by another ; to learn.
UN-DER-STAND'A-BLE, a. That can be understood.
[Little used.]
UN-DER-STAND'ER, n. One who understands or knows
by experience. ^Little used.] Beaumont.
UN-DER-STAND'ING, ppr. 1. Comprehending; learning,
or being informed. 2. a. Knowing ; skillful.
UN-DER-STAND'ING, n. 1. The faculty of the human
mind by which it apprehends the real state of things
* See Synopsis. S, E, I, 0, tj, Y, long.—FAU, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE\ ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- f Obsolete.
UND
875
UND
presented to it, or by which it receives or comprehends the
ideas which others express and intend to communicate.
2. Knowledge j exact comprehension. Locke. 3. Intelli-
gence between two or more persons ; agreement of minds j
union of sentiments.
UN-DER-STAND'ING-LY, adv. Intelligibly; with full
knowledge or comprehension of a question or subject.
IJN-DER-STOOD', fret, and pp. of understand
UN'DER-STRAP-PER, n. A petty fellow ; an inferior
agent. Swift.
UN-DER-STRa'TUM, n. Subsoil; the bed or layei- of earth
on which the mold or soil rests, Cyc.
LTN-DER-STRoKE', v. t. To underline. Swift.
\ UN-DER-TaK'A-BLE, a. That may be undertaken.
UN-DER-TaKE', v. t, ; pret. undertook ; pp. undertaken,
[under and take.] 1, To engage in ; to enter upon ; to
take in hand ; to begin to perform. 2. To covenant or
contract to perform or execute. 3. To attempt. 4. To
assume a character ; [obs.] 5. To engage with ; to attack ;
[obs.] 6. _To have the charge of; [obs.]
UN-DER-TaKE', v. i. 1. To take upon or assume any busi-
ness or province. 2. To venture ; to Jiazard, 3. To
promise ; to be bound. — To undertake for, to be bound ;
to become surety for.
UN-DER-TaK'EN, pp. of undertake. The work was un-
dertaken at his own expense.
UN-DER-TaK'ER, n. 1. One who undertakes ; one who
engages in any project or business. 2. One who stipu-
lates or covenants to perform any work for another. 3.
One who manages funerals.
UN-DER-TaK'ING, ppr. Engaging in ; taking in hand ;
beginning Jo perform ; stipulating to execute.
UN-DER-1'aK'ING, 71. Any business, work or project
which a person engages in ; an enterprise.
UN-DER-TEN'ANT, n. The tenant of a tenant ; one who
holds landsor tenements of a tenant.
f UN'DER-TlME, n. U'xdern-tide ; the time after dinner,
or in the evening. Spender.
UN-DER-TOOK',;?ret. of undertake.
UN-DER-TREAS'UR-ER, (un-der-trezh'ur-er) n. A subor-
dinate treasurer.
UN-D£R-VAL-U-A'TION, n. The act of valuing below
the real worth ; rate not equal to the worth.
CTN-DER-VAL'tTE, v. t. 1. To value, rate or estimate below
the real worth. 2. To esteem lightly ; to treat as of little
worth. 3. To despise ; to hold in mean estimation.
tJN-DER-VAL'UE, n. Low rate or price ; a price less than
the real worth Hamilton.
UN-DER-VAL'UED, pp. Estimated at less than the real
worth ; slighted ; despised.
UN-DER-VAL'U-ER, n. One who es;;eems lightly.
UN-DER-VAL'U-ING, ppr. Estimating at less than the real
worth; slighting; despising.
UN-DER-WENT', pret. of xmdergo.
UNDER-WOOD, n. Small trees that grow among large
trees. Mortimer.
UN'DER-WORK, n. Subordinate work ; petty affairs.
UN-DER-W6RK', v. t. 1. To destroy by c'andestine meas-
ures. 2. To work or labor upon lessthan is sufficient or
proper. 3. To work at a less price than others in the like
employment.
UN'DER-W6RK-ER, n. One who underworks ; or a subor-
dinate workman.
UN-DER-W6RK'ING, ppr. Destroying clandestinely ;
working at a less price than others in the like employ-
ment.
UN-DER-W6RK'MAN, n. A subordinate workman.
[JN-DER-WRITE', ?;. t. 1. To write under something else.
J To subscribe. 3. To subscribe one's name for insur-
ance.
UN-DER-WRiTE', v. i. To practice insuring.
UN'DER-WRiT-ER, n. One who insures ; an insurer; so
called because he underwrites his name to the conditions
of the policy.
UN-DER-WRIT'ING, ppr. 1. Writing under something.
2. Subscribing a policy ; insuring.
UN-DER-WRiT'ING, n. The act or practice of insuring
ships, goods, houses, &c.
UN-DER-WRIT'TEN, pp. Written under ; subscribed.
UN-DE-SCEND'I-BLE, a. Not descendible ; not capable of
descending to heirs.
{JN-DE-S€RTB'ED, a. Not described. Hooker.
UN-DE-S€Rl'ED, a. Not descried ; not discovered.
UN-DESERVED, a. Not deserved ; not merited.
UN-DE-SERV'ED-.Ly, adv. Without desert. Dryden.
JN-DE-SERV'ED-NESS, n. Want of being worthy.
UN-DE-S]mV'ER, n. One of no merit. Shak.
UN-DE-SERV'ING, a. 1. Not deserving; not having merit.
2. Not meriting. Pope.
UN-DE-SERV'ING-LY, adv. Without meriting any par-
ticular advantage or harm. Milton.
UN-DE-SiGN'ED; (un-de-sind') a. Not designed ; not in-
tended ;_ not proceeding from purpose.
UN-DE-SlGN'ED-LY, adv. Without design or intention.
UN-DE-SiGN'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from design or sjet
purpose._ Paley.
UN-DE-SlGN'ING, a. 1. Not acting with set puri>ose. 2.
Sincere ; upright ; artless ; having no artful or fraudulent
purpose.
UN-DE-SiR'A-BLE, a. Not to be desired ; not to be wished ;
not pleasing Milton.
UN-DE-SIR'ED, a. Not desired, or not solicited.
UN-DE-SIR'ING, a. Not desiring ; not wishing. Dryden.
UN-DE-SPaIR'ING, a. Not yielding to despair. Dyer.
t UN-DE-STROY'A-BLE, a.' Indestructible. Boyle.
UN-DE-STROY'ED, a. Not destroyed ; not wasted
UN-DE-TE€T'ED, a. Not detected ; not discovered ; no»
laid open. R. G. Harper.
UN-DE-TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. That cannot be determined
or decided. Locke.
UN-DE-TERM'IN-ATE, a. Not determinate ; not settled
UN-L»E-TERM'IN-ATE-NESS, 7t. Urxcertainty ; unsettled
stiife.
UN-DE-TERM-IN-A'TION, n. Indecision ; uncertainty of
mind. [See Indetermination, which is chiefly used.]
UN-DE-TEllM'INED, a. 1. Not determined ; wot settled
not decided. 2. Not limited; not defined; indeterminate
UN-DE-TER'RED, a. Not deterred ; not restrained by fear
or obstacles. Mitford.
UN-DE-TESTING, a. Not detesting ; not abhorring.
UiV-DE-VEL'OFED, a. Not opened or unfolded.
UN-De'VI-A-TING, a. 1. Not deviating; not departing
from the way, or from a rule, principle or purpose ; steady ;
regular. 2. Not erring; not wandering ; not crooked.
UN-DE'VI-A-TING-LY, adv. Without wandering ; steadi-
ly ; regularly.
UN-DE-VoT'ED, a. Not devoted. Clarendon.
UN-DE-VOUT', a. Not devout; having no devotion.
UN-DEX'TROUS, a. Not dextrous ; clumsy.
UN-DI-APH'A-NOUS, a. Not transparent ; not pellucid.
V'^-mW, pret. of undo.
UN-DIG'EN-OUS, a. [L. ujida, and Gr. ysvoi.] Generated
by water. Kirwan.
UN-DI-GEST'ED, a. Not digested; not subdued by the
stomach ; crude. Arbuthnot.
t UN-DIGHT', ^'. t. To put off. Spenser.
UN-DIG'NI-FiED, a. Not dignified ; common ; mean.
UN-DI-MIN'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not capable of diminution.
UN-DI-MIN'ISHED, a. Not diminished ; not lessened.
UN-DI-MIN'ISH-ING, a. Not diminishing ; not becoming
less.
UN-DINT'ED, a. Not impressed by a blow. Shak.
UN-DIP-LO-MAT'I€, a. Not according to the rules of dip-
lomatic bodies.
UN-DJP'PED, a. Not dipped ; not plunged. Dryden.
UN-DI-RECT'ED, a. 1. Not directed; not guided; left
without direction. 2. Not addressed ; not superscribed.
UN-DIS-AP-POINT'ED, a. Not disappointed.
UN-DIS-CERN'ED, (un-diz-zernd') a. Not discerned ; not
seen ; not observed ; not descried ; not discovered.
UN-DIS-CERN'ED-LY, (un-diz-zern'ed-ly) adv. In such a
manner as not to be discovered or seen. Boyle.
UN-DIS-CERx\'I-BLE, (un-diz-zern'e-bl) a. That cannot be
discerned, seen or discovered ; invisible.
UN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS, (un-diz-zern'e-bl-nes) n. The
state or quality of being undiscernible.
UN-DIS-CERN'I-BLY, (un-diz-zern'e-bly) adv In a way
not to be discovered or seen ; invisibly ; imperceptibly.
UN-DIS-CERN'ING, (un-diz-zern'ing) a. Not discerning;
not making just distinctions ; wanting judgment or the
power of discrimination.
UN-DIS-CERN'ING, (un-diz-zern'ing) n. Want of discern-
ment.
UN-DIS'CI-PLINED, a. ] , Not disciplined ; not duly exer
cised and taught ; not subdued to regularity and order ,
raw. 2. Not instructed ; untaught.
UN-DIS-€LoSE', v. t. Not to discover. [A bad word.]
UN-DIS-€LoS'ED, a. Not disclosed ; not revealed.
UN-DIS-€oL'ORED, a. Not discolored ; not stained.
UN-DIS-€ORD'ING, a. Not disagreeing ; not jarring, in
music ; harmonious. Milton.
UN-DIS-€6V'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be discovered.
UN-DIS-€6V'ER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be diss-
covered.
UN-DIS Covered, a. Not discovered ; not seen ; not
descried. Dryden.
UN-DIS-€REET', a. Not discreet; not prudent or wise.
UN-DIS-€REET'LY,arfw. Indiscreetly. See Indiscrzeth.
UN-DIS-eUSS'ED, a. Not discussed ; not argued.
UN-DIS-GRa'CED, a. Not disgraced or dishonored.
UN-DIS-GUlS'ED, a. 1. Not disguised ; not covered with h
mask, or with a false appearance. 2. Open ; frank ; can-
did ; plain ; artless.
UN-DIS-HON'ORED, (un-dis-on'urd) a. Not dishonorea ;
not disgraced. SMk.
UN-DIS-MaY'ED, a. Not dismayed ; not disheartened by
fear ; not discouraged.
UN-DIS-0-BLl'6lNG, a. Inoffensive. [L. u.] Brown.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE — C as K ; G as J • S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in this, t Obsolete
UND
876
L'JNE
liN-DlS-OK r ERED, a. Not disordered ; not disturbed.
UN-DIS-PE-NS'ED, a. Not dispensed. 2. Not freed from
i/oligation.
UN-DIS-PENS'ING, a Not allowing to be dispensed with.
fJN-DIS-PERS'ED, a. Not dispersed ; not scattered. Botjle.
UN-DIS-PLaY ED, a. Not displayed ; not unfolded.
UN-DIS-PoSED of. Not disposed of: not bestowed. Swift.
UN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE^ a. Not disputable.
UN-DlS-PuT'ED, a. Not disputed ; not contested.
UN-DIS-aUFET-ED, a. Not disquieted ; not disturbed.
UN-DLS-SEM BLED, a. Not dissembled; open; undis-
guised ; unfeigned. Atterbury.
UN-DIS-SEM'BLING, a. Not dissembling ; not exhibiting
a false appearance ; not false. Thomson.
UN-DIS SI-PA-TED, a. Not dissipated ; not scattered.
UN-DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be dissolved or
melted. 2. That may not be loosened or broken.
UN-DJS-SOLV'ED, a. Not dissolved ; not melted. Cowper.
UN-DIS-SOLV'JNG, a. Not dissolving ; not melting.
UN-DIS-TEM'PERED, a. 1. Not diseased ; free from mala-
dy. 2. Free from perturbation. Temple.
UN-DIS-TEND'ED, a. Not distended ; not enlarged.
UN-DIS-TILL'ED, a. Not distilled.
UN-DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be dis-
tinguished by the eye ; not to be distinctly seen. 2. Not
to be known or distinguished by the intellect, by any pe-
culiar property.
UN-DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLY, adv. Without distinction ; so
as not to be known from each other. Barrow.
IJN-DIS-TIN'GUISHED, a. 1. Not distinguished ; not so
marked as to be distinctly known from each other. 2.
Not separately seen or descried. 3. Not plainly discerned.
4. Having no intervenient space. 5. Not marked by any
particular property. 6. Not treated v^'ith any particular
respect. 7. Not distinguished by any particular emi-
iicnc6
UN-Dis'-TIN'GUISH-ING, a. Making no difference ; not
discriminating. Addison.
UN-DIS-TORT'ED, a. Not distorted ; not perverted. More.
UN-DIS-TRAGT'ED, a. Not perplexed by contrariety or
confusioji of thoughts, desires or concerns.
UN-DIS-TH 4€T'ED-LY, udv. Without disturbance from
contrariety of thoughts or multiplicity of concerns.
UN-D[S-TRA€T'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from disturbance.
UN-DIS-TRIB'U-TED, a. Not distributed or allotted.
UN-DIS-TURB'ED, a. 1. Free from interruption ; not mo-
lested or hindered. 2. Free from perturbation of mind ;
calm ; tranquil ; placid ; serene ; not agitated. 3. Not
agitated ; not stirred ; not moved.
UN-DIS-TURBfED-LY, adv. Calmly ; peacefully. Locke.
UN-DIS-TURB'ED-NESS, n. Calmness ; tranquillity ; free-
dom from molestation or agitation.
UN-DI-VERS'I-FlED, a. Not diversified ; not varied ; uni-
form.
UN-DI-VERT'ED, a. 1. Not diverted ; not turned aside.
2. Not amused ; not entertained or pleased.
UN-DI-VlD'A-BLE, a. That cannot be divided ; not sepa-
rable. Shall.
UN-DL ViD'ED, a. ]. Not divided ; not separated or disu-
nited ; unbroken ; whole. — 2. In botany, not lobed, cleft
or branched. Cyc,
UN-DI-VID'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be parted.
UN-DI-V6R'CED, a. Not divorced ; not separated. Young.
UN-DI-VUL6'ED, a. Not divulged ; not revealed or dis-
closed ; secret. Robertson.
UN-DC, V. t. ; pret. undid ; pp. undone. 1. To reverse what
has been done ; to annul ; to bring to naught any transac-
tion. 2. To loose ; to open ; to take to pieces ; to unravel ;
to unfasten ; to untie. 3. To ruin ; to bring to poverty ;
to impoverish. 4. To ruin, in a moral sense ; to bring to
everlasting destruction and misery. 5. To ruin in repu-
tation.
UN-DOCK', V. t. To take out of dock ; as, to wncfoeft; a ship.
Encyc.
UN-D(5'ER, n. One who undoes or brings destruction ; one
who reverses what has been done.
UN-D5'ING, p;}r. Reversing what has been done ; ruining.
UN-DCING, ?i. 1. The reversal of what has been done.
2. Ruin ; destruction. Hooker.
UN-D6NE', pp. 1. Reversed ; annulled. 2. Ruined ; de-
stroyed. 3. a. Not done ; not performed ; not executed.
UN-DOUBT'ED, (un-dout'ed) a. Not doubted; not called
in question ; indubitable ; indisputable. Milton.
UN-DOUBT'ED-LY, (un-dout'ed-ly) adv. Without doubt ;
without question ; indubitably. Tillotson.
UN-DOUBTFUL, (un-dout'ful) a. Not doubtful ; not am-
biguous ; plain ; evident. Shak.
UN-DOUBT'ING, (un-dout'ing) a. Not doubting ; not hesi-
tating respecting facts ; not fluctuating in \jncertainty.
UN-DRaIN'ED, a. Not drained ; not freed from water.
UN-DRA-MAT'I€, ) a. Not dramatic ; not according to
UN-DRA-MAT'I-€AL, \ the rules of the drama, or not
suited to the drama.
UN-DRAWN', a. 1. Not drawn ; not pulled by an external
force. Milton. 2. Not allured by motives or persuasion
3. Not taken from the box.
UN-DREAD'ED, (un-dred'ed) a. Not dreaded ; not feared
UN-DReAM'ED, a. Not dreamed ; not thougiit of.
UN-DRESS', V. t. 1. To divest of clothes ; to strip. 2 To
divest of ornaments, or the attire of ostentation ; to dis-
robe.
UN'DRESS, n. A loose, negligent dress. Dryden.
UN-DRESS'ED, pp. 1. Divested of dress ; disrobed 2. a
Not dressed ; not attired. 3. Not prepared. 4. Not pruned .
not trimmed ; not put in order.
UN-DRl'ED, a. 1. Not dried ; wet ; moist. 2. Not dried ,
green.
UN-DRIVEN, a. Not driven ; not impelled. Dryden.
UN-DROOP'ING, a. Not drooping ; not sinking ; not de-
spairing. Thomson.
UN-DROSSiY, a. Free from dross or recrement. Pope.
UN-DROWN'ED, a. Not drowned. Shak.
UN-Du'BI-TA-BLE, a. Not to be doubted; unquestion-
able^
UN-DuE', a. 1. Not due ; not yet demandable of right. 2
Not right ; not legal ; improper. 3. Not agreeable to &
rule or standard, or to duty ; aot proportioned ; excessive
UN-DUKE', V. t. To deprive of dukedom. Swift.
UN'DU-LA-RY, a. [L. undula.] Playing like waves ; wav-
ing. Brown.
UN'DU-LATE, or UN'DU-LA-TED, a. Wavy ; waved ob-
tusely up and down, near the margin, as a leaf or corol.
UN'DU-LATE, v. t. [L. undula.] To move back and forth.,
or up and down, as waves ; to cause to vibrate.
UN'DU-LATE, v. i. To vibrate ; to move back and forth ,
to wave ; as, undulating air. Pope.
VWm^ -LA-TING, ppr. 1. Waving ; vibrating. 2. a Wavy;
rising and falling.
UN'DU-LA-TING-LY, adv. In the form of waves
UN-DU-La'TION, n. 1. A waving motion or vibration.—
2. In medicine, a particular uneasy sensation of an undu-
latory motion in the heart. — 3. In music, a rattling or jar-
ring of sounds, as when discordant notes are sounded to-
getheri — 4. In surgery, a certain motion of the matter of
an abscess when pressed, which indicates its maturity or
fitness for opening.
UN'DU-LA-TO-RY, a. Moving in the manner of waves ;
or resembling the motion of waves, which successively
rise or swell and fall.
t UN-DULL', V. t. To remove dullness or obscurity ; to
clear ; to purify. Whitlock.
UN-DtJ'LY, adv. 1. Not according to duty or propriety. 2.
Not in proper proportion ; excessively.
fUN-Du'RA-BLE, a. Not durable ; not lasting. Arnway.
t UN-DUST', V. t. To free from dust. Mountague.
UN-DtJ'TE-OUS, a. Not performing duty to parents and
superiors ; not obedient. Dryden.
UN-DtJ'TI-FUL, a. Not obedient ; not performing duty.
UN-DO'TI-FUL-LY, adv. Not according to duty ; in a dis-
obedient manner. Dryden.
UN-DtJ'TI-FUL-NESS, n. Want of respect ; violation of
duty ; disobedience.
UN-DY'ING, a. 1. Not dying ; not perishing. 2. Not sub-
ject to death ; immortal.
UN-EARN'ED, (un-ernd') a. Not merited by labor or ser-
vices. Philips.
UN-EARTH'ED, (un-erthf) a. Driven from a den, cavern
or burrow. Thomson.
UN-EARTH'LY, (un-erth'ly) a. Not terrestrial. Shak.
UN-KA9!'I-LV,arfz5. 1. Withuneasinessorpain. Z'£st7-an^e.
2. With difficulty ; not readily. Boyle.
UN-eAS'I-NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of pain ; rest-
lessness ; want of ease ; disquiet. 2. Unquietness of
mind ; moderate anxiety or perturbation ; disquietude
3. That which makes uneasy or gives trouble ; rugged-
UN-eAS'Y, a. ]. Feeling some degree of pain; restless ^
disturbed ; unquiet. 2. Giving some pain. 3. Disturbed
in mind ; somewhat anxious ; unquiet. 4. Constraining ;
cramping. 5. Constrained ; stiff; not graceful ; not easy.
6. Giving some pain to others ; disagreeable ; unpleasing.
7. Difficult ; [obs.]
UN-kAT'A-BLE, a. Not eatable ; not fit to be eaten.
UN-EAT'EN, a. Not eaten ; not devoured. Clarendon.
fUN-EATH', adv. [tm, and Sax. eath, easy.] 1. Not eas-
ily. Shak. 2. Beneath ; below. Spenser.
UN-E-CLIPS'ED, a. Not eclipsed ; not obscured.
UN-ED'I-FY-ING, a Not edifying ; not improving .o the
mind. Atterbury.
UN-ED'U-€A-TED, a. Not educated; illiterate.
UN-EF-Fa'CED, a. Not effaced ; not obliterated.
UN-EF-FECT'U-AL, a. Ineffectual.
UN-E-LAS'TI€, a. Not elastic ; not having the pioperty
of recovering its original state, when bent or forced out o.
its form.
UN-E-LaT'ED, a. Not elated ; not puffed up.
UN-EL'BoWED, a. Not attended by any at the eloow.
UN-E-LE€T'ED, a. Not elected ; not chosen ; not preferred
* See Synop^ A, E, T, O, U, Yj long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ,-
t Obsolete
UNE
877
UNE
f UN-EIVE-GANT, ffl. Not elegant. See Inelegant.
UN-EL'I-GI-BLE, a. Not proper to be chosen j ineligible.
UN-E-MAN'CI-PA-TED, a. Not emancipated.
UN-EM-BALM'ED, (un-em-bamd') a. Not embalmed.
UN-EM-BAR'RASSED, a. 1. Not embarrassed ; not per-
plexed in mind ; not confused. 2. Free from pecuniary
difficulties or encumbrances. 3. Free from perplexing
connection.
UN-EM-BIT'TERED, a. Not embittered •, not aggravated.
Roscoe.
UN-EM-BOD'IED, a. .1. Free from a corporeal body. 2.
Not embodied ; not collected into a body. Smollett.
rjN-EM-PHAT'I€, a. Having no emphasis.
IJN-EM-PLOY'ED, a. 1. Not employed , not occupied ; not
basy ; at leisure ; not engaged. Addison. 2. Not being in
use.
UN-EM-POW'ERED, a. Not empowered or authorize'^.
t UN-EMP'TI-A-BLE, a. Not to be emptied ; inexhaustibJe.
UN-EM'U-LA-TING, a, Not emulating ; not striving to
excel.
UN-EN-CHANT'ED, a. Not enchanted ; that cannot be en-
chanted. Milton.
UN-EN-eUM'BER, v. t. To free from encumbrance.
LTN-EN-eUM'BERED, pp. 1. Disengaged from encum-
brance. _2. a. Not encumbered ; not burdened.
UN-EN-DeAR'ED, a. Not attended with endearment. Mil-
ton.
UN-EN-DOW'ED, a. 1. Not endowed ; not furnished : not
invested^ 2. Not furnished with funds.
UN-EN-DuR'ING, a. Not lasting; of temporary duration.
UN-EN'ER-VA-TED, [See * Enervate.] a. Not enervated
or weakened.
UN-EN-Ga'GED, a. 1. Not engaged ; not bound by cove-
nant or promise ; free from obligation to a particular per-
son. 2. Free from attachment that binds. 3. Unem-
ployed ; unoccupied; not busy. 4. Not appropriated.
UN-EN-Ga'GING, a. Not adapted to engage or win the at-
tention or affections ; not inviting.
UN-EN-JOY'ED, a. Not enjoyed ; not obtained.
UN-EN-JOY'ING, a. Not using ; having no fruition. I
UN-EN-LaR'6ED, a. Not enlarged ; narrow. JVatts.
UN-EN-LlGHT'ENED, a. Not enlightened; not illumi-
nated.
UN-EN-SLaV'ED, a. Not enslaved ; free. Addison.
UN-EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. To free from complication or per-
plexity ; to disentangle. Donne.
UN-EN-TAN'GLED, pp. 1. Disentangled. 2. a. Not en-
tangled ; not complicated ; not perplexed.
UN-EN'TER-PRiS-ING, a. Not enterprising ; not adven-
turous.
UN-EN-TER-TaIN'ING, a. Not entertaining or amusing ;
giving no delight. Pope.
tTN-EN-TER-TAIN'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being
unentertaining or duU.
UN-EN-THRALI/ED, a. Not enslaved ; not reduced to
thralldom.
UN-EN-TOMB'ED, a. Not buried ; not interred. Dryden.
UN-EN'VIED, a. Not envied ; exempt from the envy cf
others.
UN-EN'Vl-OUS, a. Not envious ; free from envy.
UN-EP'I-TAPHED, a. Having no epitaph. Pollok.
UN-E'aUA-BLE, a. Different from itself; different at dif-
ferent times ; not uniform ; diverse.
UN-E'Q.UAL, a. [L. incequalis.] 1. Not equal ; not even ;
not of the same size, length, breadth, quantity, &c. 2.
Not equal in strength, talents, acquirements. &c. ; infe-
rior. 3. Not equal in age or station ; inferior. 4. Insuffi-
cient ; inadequate. 5. Partial ; unjust ; not furnishing
equivalents to the different parties. 6. Disproportioned ;
ill-matched. 7. Not regular; not uniform. — 8. In botany,
liaving the parts not corresponding in size, but in propor-
tion only, as a corol ; rugged, not even or smooth, as the
surface of a leaf or stem.
UN-K'aUAL-A-BLE, a. Not to be equaled. Boyle.
UN-E'Q,UALED, a. Not to be equaled ; unparalleled : unri-
valed : ill a good or bad senfe.
UN-E'CiUAIi-LY, adv. 1. Not equally ; in different de-
grees ; in disproportion to each other. 2, Not with like
sentiments, temper or religious opinions or habits. 2
Co7\ vi.
UN-E'aUAL-N"ESS, n. State of being unequal ; inequality
Temple.
LIN-Ea'UIT-A-BLE,a. 1. Not equitable ; not just. 2. Not
impartial. [Inequitable is generally used.]
IJN-r.-aUIV'0-€AL, a. 1. Not equivocal ; not doubtful ;
clear ; evident. 2. Not ambiguous ; not of doubtful sig-
nification ; not admitting different interpretations.
UN-E-aUIV'0-€AL-LY, adv. Without doubt ; without
room to doubt ; plainly ; with full evidence.
UN-ER'RA-BLE, a. Incapable of erring ; infallible.
UN-ER'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Incapacity of error.
UN-ER'RING, a. 1. Committing no mistake ; incapable of
error. 2. Incapable of failure ; certain.
LTN-ER'RING-LY, adv. Without mistake. Glanville.
t UN-ES-CHEW'A-BLE, a. Unavoidable. Carew.
UN-E-SPi'ED, a. Not espied ; not discovered; not seen
UN-ES-SaY'ED, a. Not essayed ; unattempted. MUUm.
UN-ES-SEN'TIAL, a. 1. Not essential; not absolutely
necessary ; not of prime importance. 2. Not constituting
the essence. 3. Void of real beings
UN-ES-SEN'TIAL, n. Something not constituting essence,
or not of absolute necessity.
UN-E-STAB'LISH, v. t. To unfix ; to deprive of estaUish-
ment. [Little v^ed.] Milton.
UN-E-STAB'LISHED, a. Not established ; not permanent
ly fixed.
UN-E-VAN-GEL'I-CAL, a. Not orthodox ; not according
to tlie gospel. Milner.
UN-E'VEN, (un-e'vn) a. 1. Not even ; not level. 2. Not
equal; not of equal length. 3. Not uniform.
UN-EfVEN-LY, adv. In an uneven manner.
UN-E'VEN-NESS, n. 1. Surface not level ; inequality ot
surface. 2. Turbulence ; change ; want of uniformity
3. Want of uniformity. 4. Want of smoothness.
UN-EV'I-TA-BLE, a. Not to be escaped ; unavoidable.
UN-EX-ACT', a. Not exact. See Inexact.
UN-EX-A€T'ED, a. Not exacted ; not taken by force.
UN-EX-AG'6ER-A-TED, a. No; exaggerated. Buckmin-
ster.
UN-EX-AG'GER-A-TING, a. Not enlarging in descrip-
tion.
UN-EX-AM'IN-A-BLE, a. Not to be examined. Milton.
UN-EX-AM'INED, a. 1. Not examined ; not interrogated
strictly. 2. Not inquired into ; not investigated. 3. Not
discussed ; not debated.
UN-EX-AM'PLED, a. Having no example or similar case ,
having no precedent ; unprecedented; unparalleled.
UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLE, a. Not liable to any exception
or objection ; unobjectionable.
UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality of
being unexceptionable. More.
UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner liable to no
objection.
UN-EX-ClS'ED, a. Not charged with the duty of excise.
UN-EX-CtT'ED, a. Not excited ; not roused. Brown.
UN-EX-€OG'I-TA-BLE, a. Not to be found out. Raleigh
UN-EX-€OM-Mu'NI-eA-TED, a. Not excommunicated.
UN-EX-€U'SA-BLF, a. Not excusable.
UN-EX-€u'SA-BLE-NESg, n. Inexcusableness, whicli
UN-EX'E-€U-TED, a. 1. Not performed ; not done. 2. Not
signed or sealed ; not having the proper attestations or
forms that give validity.
UN-EX'EM-PLA-RY, a. Not exemplary ; not according to
exanple. Swift.
UN-EX-EM'PLl-FTED, a. Not exemplified ; not illustrated
by example. Boyle.
UN-EX-EMPT', a. Not exempt ; not free by privilege.
UN-EX'ER-ClSED, a. Not exercised ; not practiced ; not
disciplined ; not experienced. Dryden.
UN-EX-ERT'ED, a. Not called into action ; not exerted.
UN-EX-HAUST'ED, a. 1. Not exhausted ; not drained
to the bottom, or to the last article. Addison. 2. Not
spent.
UN-EX-IST'ENT, a. Not existing. Brown.
UN-EX'OR-ClSED, a. Not exorcised ; not cast out by ex-
orcism.
UN-EX-PAND'ED, a. Not expanded ; not spread out
Blackmore.
t UN-EX-PE€-Ta'TION, n. Want of foresight.
UN-EX-PE€T'ED, a. Not expected ; not looked for ; sud-
den ; not provided against. Hooker.
UN-EX-PE€T'ED-LY, adv. At a time or in a manner not
expected or looked for ; suddenly.
UN-EX-PE€T'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being unex-
pected, or of coming suddenly and by surprise. Watts.
UN-EX-PE€'TO-RA-TING, a. Not expectorating ; not dis-
charging from the throat or lungs.
UN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. Not expedient.
UN-EX-PEND'ED, a. Not expended ; not laid out.
UN-EX-PENS'IVE, a. Not expensive ; not costly.
UN-EX-Pe'RI-ENCED, a. 1. Not experienced ; not vers
ed ; not acquainted by trial or practice. 2. Untried.
UN EX-PERT', a. Wanting skill ; not ready or dextrous in
performance. Prior.
UN-EX-PlR'ED, a. Not expired ; not ended.
UN-EX-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot ue explained.
UN-EX-PLoR'ED, a. 1. Not explored ; not searched or ex
amined by the eye ; unknown. 2. Not examined intel-
lectually.
UN-EX-PoS'ED, a. 1. Not laid open to view ; concealed-
2. Not laid open to censure.
UN-EX-POUND'ED, a. Not expounded ; not explained.
UN-EX-PRESS'ED, a. Not expressed; not mentioned or
named ; not exhibited.
UN-EX-PRESS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be expressed.
UN-EX-PRESS'IVE, a. 1. Not having the power of ex-
pressing. 2. Inexpressible ; unutterable.
See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK. D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this t Obsolete
UNF 878
UN-EX-TEND'ED, a. Occupying no assignable space ; hav-
ing no dimensions. Locke. ^
UN-EX-Tm€T^ a. Not extinct ; not being destroyed ; not
having perislied
U'v EX-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be extin-
{^aishpd ; unquenchable. 2. That cannot be annihilated
c r repressed.
UN-EX-TIN'GUISH-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree
that precludes extinction. Johnson.
UN-EX- riN'GUISHED, a. Not extinguished ; not quench-
ed ; ntt entirely repressed. Dryden
UN-EX'TIR-PA-TED, [See * Extirpate.] a. Not extirpat-
ed ; not rooted out.
UN-EX-TORT'ED, a. Not extorted ; not wrested.
UN-EX- TRAGT'ED, a. Not extracted or drawn out.
UN-FAD'ED, a. 1. Not faded ; not having lost its strength
of color. 2. Unwithered ; as a plant
UN-FAD ING, a. 1. Not liable to lose strength or freshness
of coloring. 2. Not liable to wither.
UN-FaD'ING-NESS, n. The state or quality of being un-
fading.
t UN-FAIL' A-BLE, a. That cannot fail. Hall.
t UN-FAIL' A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being unfail-
able.
UN-FA FL ING, a. 1. Not liable to fail ; not capable of be-
ing exhausted. 2. That does not fail ; certain.
UN-FALL'ING-NESS, n. The state of being unfailing.
UN-FA INT'ING, a. Not fainting j not sinking ; not failing
under toil. Sandys.
t/N-FAIR , a. 1. Not honest ; not impartial ; disingenuous ;
using trick or artifice. 2. Not honest; not just; not
equal. 3. Proceeding from trick or dishonesty.
UN-FAIR'LY, adv. Not in a just or equitable manner. Par-
nell.
UN-FAIR'NESS, n. 1. Dishonest or disingenuous conduct
or practice ; use of trick or artifice. 2. Injustice ; want
of equitableness,
UN-FAITH'FUL, a. 1. Not observant of promises, vows,
allegiance or duty ; violating trust or confidence ; treach-
erous ; perfidious. 2. Not performing the proper duty.
3. Impious; infidel. 4. Negligent of duty.
UN-FAITH'FIJL-LY, adv. 1. In violation of promises,
vows or duty ; treacherously ; perfidiously. 2. Negli-
gently ; imperfectly.
UN-PAITH'FUL-NESS, n. Neglect or violation of vows,
promises, allegiance or other duty ; breach of confidence
or trust reposed ; perfidiousness ; treachery.
UN-FAL'€A-TED, a. Not curtailed ; having no deductions.
UN-FALL'EN, a. Not fallen. Young:
UN-FAL'LoWED, a. Not fallowed. Philips.
UN-FA-MIL'IAR, a. Not accustomed ; not common ; not
rendered agreeable by frequent use. Warton.
UN-FA-MII^IAR'I-TY, 71. Want of familiarity. Johnson.
UN-FASH'ION-A-BLE, a. 1. Not fashionable ; not accord-
ing to the prevailing mode. 2. Not regulating dress or
manners according to tlie reigning custom.
UN-FASH'ION- A-BLE-NESS, n. ^'eglect of the prevailing
mode ; deviation from I'eigUing custom. Locke.
UN-FASH'ION-A-BLY, awv. Not according to the fashion.
UN-FAS iriONED, a. Not modified by art ; amorphous ;
shapeless ; not having a regular form. Dryden.
UN-FAST', a. Not safe ; not secure.
UN-FAST'EN, v. t. To locse ; to anfix ; to unbind ; to un-
tie.
UN-FAST'ENED, pp. Loosed ; untied ; unfixed.
UN-FA'THERED, a. Fatherless;. Skak.
UN-FA'THER-LY, a. Not becoming a father ; unkind.
UN-FATH'6M-A-bLE, a. I. That cannot be sounded by a
line. 2. So deep or remote that limit or extent cannot be
found.
UN-FATH'6M- A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unfath-
omable. JVorris.
UN-FATH 6M-A BLY, adv. So as not to be capable of be-
ing sounded. Thomson.
UN-FATH'6MED, a. Not sounded ; not to be sounded.
UN-FA-TiGUED', (un-fa-teegd') a. Not wearied; not
tired. Philips
UN-FAULT'Y, a. Free from fault ; innocent. Milton.
UN-Fa'VOR-A-BLE, a. 1. Not favorable ; not propitious ;
not disposed or adapted to countenance or support. 2. Not
propitious ; not adapted to promote any object. 3. Not
kind ; not obliging. 4. Discouraging.
UN-FA'VOR- A-BLE-NESS, n. Unpropitiousness; unkind-
ness ; want of disposition to countenance or promote.
UN-FA'VOR-A-BLY, adv. Unpropitiously ; unkindly ; so
as not to countenance, support or promote ; in a manner
to discourage.
UN-FA'VORED, a. Not favored ; not assisted. Goldsmith.
UN-FeARED, a. 1. Not affrighted; not daunted; [obs.]
B. .lonson. 2. Not feared ; not dreaded. Milton.
UN-FkAS'I-BLE, a. Thctt cannot be done ; impracticable.
UN-FE ATH'ERED, a. Having no feathers ; unfledged ; im-
. plumous; naked of feathers.
UN-FeAT'URED, a. Wanting regular features ; deformed.
UNF
UN-FED', a. Not fed ; not supplied with food.
UN-FEED', a. 1. Not feed ; not retained by a fee 2. Un-
paid.
UN-FEEL'ING, a. 1. Insensible ; void of sensibility 2
Cruel ; hard.
UN-FEEL'ING-LY, adv. In an unfeeling or cruel manner
UN-FEEL'ING-NESS, 71. Insensibility ; hardness of heart ,
cruelty. Darwin.
UN-FEIGN'ED, (un-f^nd') a. Not feigned ; not counter
feit ; not hypocritical ; real ; sincere.
UN-FEIGN'ED-LY, adv. Without hypocrisy ; really ; sin-
cerely.
UN-FE-LIC'I-TA-TING, a. Not producing felicity.
UN-FEL'LoWED, a. Not matched.
UN-FELT', a. Not felt ; not perceived. Dryden.
UN FENCE', (un-fens') v. t. To strip of fence ; to remove a
fence from. South.
UN-FEN'CED, pp. J. Deprived of a fence. 2. a. Not fen
ced ; not inclosed ; defenseless.
UN-FER-MENT'ED, a. 1. Not fermented ; not having un-
dergone the process of fermentation. 2. Not leavened
UN-FER'TILE, a. 1. Not fertile : not rich; not having the
qualities necessary to the production of good crops. 2.
Barren ; unfruitful ; bare ; waste. 3. Not prolific.
UN-FET'TER, v. t. 1. To loose from fetters ; to unchain ;
to unshackle. 2. To free from restraint ; to set at lib-
erty.
UN-FET'TERED, pp. 1. Unchained; unshackled, freed
from restraint. 2. a. Not restrained.
UN-FET'TER-ING, ppr. Unchaining; setting free from re-
straint.
UN-FIG'URED, a. Representing no animal form. TVotton.
UN-FIL'IAL, a. Unsuitable to a son or child; undutiful ;
not becoming a child. Shak.
UN-FILL'ED, a. Not filled ; not fully supplied. Taylor.
UN-FIN'ISHED, a. Not finished ; not complete ; not
brouglit to an end ; imperfect ; wanting the last touch.
UN-FlR'ED, a. Not fired ; not infiamed.
UN-FiRM', a. 1. Not firm ; weak ; feeble ; infirm. 2. Not
stable ; not well fixed ; as, with feet uufirm. Dryden.
UN-HRM'NESS, 7i. A weak state ; instability.
UN-FIT', a. 1. Not fit ; improper ; unsuitable. 2 Unqual-
ified.
UN^-FIT', V. t. 1. To disable ; to make unsuitable ; to deprive
of the strength, skill or proper qualities for any thing. 2.
To disqualify ; to deprive of the moral or mental qualities
necessary for any thing.
UN-FIT'LF, a(Zu. Not properly ; unsuitably.
UN-FIT'NESS, 71. 1. Want of suitable powers or qualifica-
tions, physical or moral. 2. Want of propriety or adapta-
tion to character or place.
UN-FIT'TED, pp. Rendered unsuitable ; disqualified.
UN-FIT'TING, ppr. 1. Rend'ermg unsuitable ; disqualify-
ing. 2. a. Improper; unbecoming.
UN-FIX , V. t. 1. To loosen from any fastening ; to detach
from any thing that holds ; to unsettle ; to unhinge. 2.
To make fluid ; to dissolve.
UN-FIX'ED, pp. 1. Unsettled ; loosened. 2. a. Wander-
ing ; erratic; inconstant; having no settled habitation.
3. Having no settled view or object of pursuit.
UN-FIX'ING, ppr. Unsettling ; loosening.
UN-FLAG'GING, a. Not flagging ; not dr.ioping ; raaintain-
in2 strength or spirit. South.
UN-FLAT'TERED, a. Not flattered. Young.
UN-FLAT'TER-ING, a. Not flattering ; not gratifying with
obsequious behavior ; not coloring the truth to please. 2.
Not affording a favorable prospect.
UN-FLED'GED, a. 1. Not yet furnished with feathers ; im-
plumous. 2. Young ; not having attained to full growth.
UN-FLESH'ED, a. Not fleshed ; not seasoned to blood ,
raw.
UN-FOIL'ED, a. Not vanquished ; not defeated. Temple.
UN-FoLD', v. t. 1. To open folds ; to expand ; to spread
out. 2. To open any thing covered or close ; to lay open
to view or contemplation ; to disclose ; to reveal. 3. To
declare ; to tell ; to disclose. 4. To display. 5, To re-
lease from a fold or pen.
UN-FoLD'ED, pp. Opened ; expanded ; revealed ; display-
ed ; released from a fold.
UN-F6LD'ING, ppr. Opening ; expanding ; disclosing ; dis-
playing ; releasing from a fold.
UN-FoLD'ING, 71. The act of expandmg, displaying or dis
closing ; disclosure.
t UN-FOOL', V. t. To restore from folly.
UN-FOR-BEAR'ING, a. Not forbearing.
UN-FOR-BID', ) a. 1. Not forbid ; not prohibited. 2
UN-FOR-BID'DEN, \ Allowed ; permitted ; legal.
fUN-FOR-BlD'DEN-NESS, n. The state of being unfor-
bidden. Boyle.
UN-FoR'CED, a. 1. Not forced ; not compelled ; not con-
strained. 2. Not urged or impelled. 3. Not feigned ; not
heightened ; natural. 4. Not violent ; easy ; gradual. 5
Easv ; natural.
UN-FoR'CI-BLE, a. Wanting force or strength.
* 8?a Synopsis A, E, T, O, U, T, Zong-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— I'RgY ,— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolete
UNG
879
UNG
CjN-FoRD'A-BLE, a. Not fordable j that cannot be forded,
or passed by wading. Whitaker.
UN-FORE-BoD'ING, a. Giving no omens. Pope.
UN-FORE-KNoWN', a. Not previously known or fore-
seen.
t UN-FORE-SEE' A-BLE, a. That cannot be foreseen.
UN-FORE-SEEN', a. Not foreseen ; not foreknown. Dry-
den.
UN-FoRE'SKINNED, a. Circumcised. IBadA Milton.
UN-FORE-ToLD', a. Not predicted.
UN-FORE-WARN'ED, a. Not previously warned.
UN-FOR'FElt-ED, a. Not forfeited. Rogers.
UN-FOR-GIV'EN, a. Not forgiven ; not pardoned.
UN-FOR-GIV'ING, a. Not forgiving ; not disposed to over-
look or pardon offenses ; implacable. Dryden.
UN-FOR-GOT', la. 1. Not forgot; not lost to mem-
ITN-FOR-GOT'TEN, I ory. 2. Not overlooked ; not neg-
lected.
UN-FORM', V. t. To destroy ; to unmake ; to decompose or
resolve into parts. Oood.
UN-FORM'ED, a. Not molded into regular shape.
UN-FOR-SaK'EN, a. Not forsaken ; not deserted ; not en-
tirely neglected.
TIN-FOR'TI-FlED, a. 1. Not fortified ; not secured from at-
tack by walls or moui.ds. 2. Not guarded ; not strength-
ened against temptations or trials ; weak ; exposed ; de-
fenseless. 3. Wanting securities or means of defense.
UN-F(..RT'U-NAT£, a. Not successful ; not prosperous.
UN-FORT'U-NATE-LY, adv. Without success 3 unhap-
pily-
UN-FORT'U-NATE-NESS, n. Ill luck ; ill fortune ; failure
of success. Sidney.
UN-FOS'TERED, a. 1. Not fostered; not nourshed, 2.
Not countenanced by favor ; not patronized,
UN-FOUGHT', (un-fawf) a. Not fought. KnoUe^.
UN-FOUL'ED, a. Not fouled ; not polluted ; not soiled ; not
corrupted ; pure. Young.
UN-FOUND', a. Not found ; not met with. Dryden.
UN-FOUND'ED, a. 1. Not founded ; not built or establish-
ed. 2. Having no foundation ; vain ; idle.
t UN-FR AM' A-BLE, a. Not to be framed or molded.
f UN-FRaM'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not bein^
frainable. Sanderson.
UN-FRa M'ED, a. 1. Not framed ; not fitted for erection.
2. Not fcrmed ; not constructed ; not fashioned.
UN-FRA-TERN'AL, a. Not brotherly.
UN-FREE', a. Not free ; as, unfree peasants. Tooke.
UN-FRE'aUEN-CY, n. The state of being unfrequent.
UN-FRE'aUENT, a. Not frequent ; not common ; not hap-
pening_often ; infrequent. Brown.
fUN-FRE'aUENT, [See *FRE(iUENT.] v.t. To cease to
frequejit.
UN-FRE'aUENT-ED, a. Rarely visited ; seldom resorted
to by human beings. .Addison.
UN-FRE'aUENT-LY, ado. Not often ; seldom. Brown.
UN-FRi' A-BLE, a. Not easily crumbled. Paley.
UN-FRIENDED, (un-frended) a. Wanting friends; not
countenanced or supported. Shak.
UN-FRIEND'LI-NESS, n. Want of kindness ; disfavor.
UN-FRIEND'LY, a. 1. Not friendly ; not kind or benevo-
lent. 2. Not favorable ; not adapted to promote or sup-
port any object.
UN-FROeK', V. t. To divest. ITurd.
UN-FRo'ZEN, a. Not frozen ; not congealed. Boyle.
UN-FRU'GAL, a. Not frugal ; not saving or economical.
UN-FRuIT'FUL, a. 1. Not producing fruit; barren. 2.
Not producing offspring; not prolific; barren 3. Not
producing good effects or works. 4. Unproductive ; not
fertile.
UN-FRuIT'FUL-NESS, 71. Barrenness; infecundity; un-
productiveness ; applied to pennons or things.
UN-FRUS'TRA-BLE, a. That cannot be frustrated.
UN-FI_JL-FILL'ED, a. Not fulfilled ; not accomplished.
UN-FuM'ED,a. 1. Not fumigated. 2. Not exhaUngsmoke ;
not burnt. Milton.
UN-FUND'ED, a. Not funded ; having no permanent funds
for the payment of its interest
UN-FURL', V. t. To loose and unfold ; to expand ; to open
or spread ; as, to unfurl sails.
UN-FURL'ED, yp. Unfolded ; expanded.
UN-FURL'ING,;)pr. Unfolding; spreading.
UN-FUR'NISH, V. t. 1. To strip of furniture 3 to divest ; to
strip. 2. To leave naked.
UN-FUR'NISHED, ff. I. Not furnished ; not supplied with
furniture. 2. Unsupplied with necessaries or ornaments.
3. Emptv ; not supplied.
UN-FuS'ED, a. Not fused ; not melted.
UN-FUS'T-BLE, a. Infusible.
UN-GaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be gained. [Little used.]
Pierce
UN-GAIN'FUL, a. Unprofitable ; not producing gain.
LN-GaIN'LY, a. [Sax. M7i 0-68 o-nc] Not expert or dextrous ;
clumsy ; awkward ; uncouth. Swift.
UN-GALL'ED, a. Unhurt ; not galled. Shak.
UN-GAR'NISHED, a. Not garnished or furnished ; una
domed.
UN-GAR'RI-SONED, a. Not garrisoned; not furnished
with troops for defense.
UN-GaR'TERED, a. Being without garters. Shak
UN-GATH'ERED, a. Not gathered ; not cropped.
UN-GeAR', v. t. To unharness ; to strip of gear.
UN-GeAR'ED, pp. Unharnessed.
UN-GeAR'ING, ppr. Stripping of harness or gear.
UN-GEN'ER-A-TED, a. Having no begmuing ; unbegot-
ten.
UN-6EN'ER-A-TlVE, a. Begetting nothing. Shak.
UN-6EN'ER-OUS, a 1 Not of a noble mind ; not liberal
2. Not noble ; not liberal. 3. Dishonorable ; ignomini
ous.
UN-dEN'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Unkindly; dishonorably.
UN-Ge'NI-AL, a. Not favorable to nature or to natural
growth.
UN-GEN-TEEL', a. Not genteel ; not consistent with polite
manners or good breeding.
UN-GEN-TEEL'LY, adv. Uncivilly ; not with good man-
ners.
UN-GEN'TLE, a. Not gentle ; harsh ; rude. Shak.
UN-6EN'TLE-MAN-LlKE, a. Not like a gentleman.
UN-GEN'TLE-MAN-LY, a. Not becoming a gentleman.
UN-GEN'TLE-NESS, n. 1. Want of gentleness; harsh-
ness; severity; rudeness. 2. Unkindness ; incivility.
UN-GEN'TLY, adv. Harshly ; with severity ; rudely.
UN-GE-O-MET'RI-CAL, a. Not agreeable to the rules of
geometry. Cheyne.
UN-GIFT'ED, a. Not gifted ; not endowed with peculiar
faculties. Arbuthnot.
UN-GILT'f^' j ^- ^'°* silt; not overlaid with gold.
UN-GiRD', V. t. To loose from a girdle or band ; to unbind
Gen. xxiv.
UN-GtRD'ED, pp. Loosed from a girth or band.
UN-GiRD'ING, ppr. Loosing from a girdle or band.
UN-GiRT', pp. 1. Unbound- 2. a. Loosely dressed.
UN-GIVING, a. Not bringinji gifts. Dryden.
UN-GLaZ'ED, a. 1. Not fartiished with glass. 2. Want
ing glass windows. 3. N >t covered with vitreous mat
ter.
UN-GLo'RI-FlED, a. Not glorified; not honored with
praiseor adoration.
UN-GL(yRI-OUS, a. Not glorious ; bringing no glory.
t UN-GLoVE', -u. f . To take off the gloves. Beaumont.
UN-GLoV'ED, a. Having the hand naked. [L.u,] Bacon.
UN-GLuE', V. t To separate any thing that is glued.
UN-G^.U'ED, pp. Loosed from glue or cement.
UN-GLU'ING, ppr. Separating what is cemented
UN-GOD', V. t. To divest of divinity. Dryden.
UN-GOD'LI-LY, adv. Impiously ; wickedly.
UN-GOD'LI-NESS, w. Impiety; wickedness; disregard of
God and his commands, and neglect of his worship ; or
any positive act of disobedience or irreverence.
UN-GOD'LY, a. 1. Wicked ; impious ; neglecting the fear
and worship of God, or violating his commands. 1 Pet. iv
2. Sinful; contrary to the divine commands. 3. Polluted
by v^ickedness.
UN-GoR'ED, a. 1. Not gored , not wounded with a horn.
2. Not wounded.
UN-GOR6'ED, a. Not gorged , not filled ; not sated.
UN-GOT', I a 1. Not gained. 2. Not begotten
UN-GOT'TEN, \ Shak.
UN-G6V'ERN-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be governed ;
that cannot be ruled or restrained. 2. Licentious ; wild ;
unbridled.
UN-Go V'ERN-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be governed or
restrained. Goldsmith.
UN-GoV'ERNED, a. 1. Not being governed. 2. Not sub-
jected to laws or principles ; not restrained or regulated ;
unbridled ; licentious.
UN-GOWN'ED, a. Not having or not wearing a gown.
UN-GRaCE'FUL, a. Not graceful ; not marked with ease
and dignity ; 'wanting beauty and elegance.
UN-GRaCE'FUL-LY, adv. Awkwardly ; inelegantly.
UN-GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Want of gracefulness ; want
of ease and dignity ; want of elegance ; awkwardness.
UN-GRa'CIGUS, a. 1. Wicked; odious; hateful. 2. Of-
fensive ; unpleasing. 3. Unacceptable ; not well receiv-
ed ; not favored.
UN-GRa'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With disfavor. 2. Not in a
pleasing manner.
UN-GRAM-MAT'I-€AL, a. Not according to the establish-
ed and correct rules of grammar.
UN-GRAM- MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to
the rules of grammar.
UN-GRANT'ED, a. 1. Not granted; not bestowed, not
transferred by deed or gift. Hamilton. 2. Not granted ;
not yielded ; not conceded in argument.
t UN-GRaTE', a. Not agreeable ; ungrateful. Swift.
UN-GRaTE'FUL, a. 1. Not gratefui ; not feeling thankM
for favors. 2.' Not making returnt', or mak.\jg iu returns,
» See Synopsis MOVE- BOO-K DiVE ;— BULL UNITE. -€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SK ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
UNH
880
UNH
ror kindness, 3 Making no returns for culture. 4. Un-
pieasing ; unacceptable.
irjV-GRATE'FUI^LY, a(f?;. 1. With ingratitude. Wake. 2.
Unplea-singly ; unacceptably
UN-^RaTE FUL-NESS, n. 1. Ingratitude ; want of due
eelings of kinUness for favors received ; ill return for
good. 2. Dj'agreeableness ; unpleasing quality.
UN-GRAT'I-FlED, a. 1 Not gratified ; not compensated.
2. Not pleased. 3. Not indulged.
IJN-GRaVE'LY, adv. Without gravity or seriousness.
UN-GROUNDED, a. Having no foundation or support.
UN-GROUND'ED-LY, adv. Without ground or support ;
without reason. Ray.
UN-GR0UND'£D-NESS, n. Want of foundation or sup-
port.
UN-GRUD'6ING, a. Not grudging ; freely giving.
TJN-GRUD'GING-LY, adv. Without ill will j heartily 5
cheerfully.
UN-GUARD'ED, a. 1. Not guarded j not watched. 2. Not
defended ; having no guard. 3. Careless ; negligent ; not
attentive to danger ; not cautious. 4. Negligently said or
done ; not donf. or spoken with caution.
PN-GUaRD'ED-LY, ado. Without watchful attention to
danger ; without caution ; carelessly.
UNGUENT, 71. [L. unguentum.] Ointment ; a soft com-
position used as a topic'alrenjedy, as for sores, burns and
the like.
UN-GUENTOUS, a. Like unguent, or partaking of its
qualities.
CN-GUESS'ED, a Not obtained by guess or conjecture.
UN-GUEST'LIKE, a. Not becoming a guest. Milton.
UN-GUI€'U-LAR, a. [L. v,nguis.] In botamj, of the length
of the human nails, or half an inch.
UN-GUI€ U-LATE, ( a. [L.. wiguis.] 1. Clawed ; hav-
UN-GUI€'U-LA-TED, \ ing claws.— 2. In botamj, clawed ;
having a narrow base ; as the petal in a polypetalous corol.
UN-GUID ED, a. 1. Not guided 5 not led or conducted. 2.
Not regulated.
UN-GUiLT'Y, (un-gilt'y) a. Not guilty ; not stained with
crime ; innocent. Spenser.
UN'GUIN-OUS, a. [L. unguinosus.] Oily ; unctuous ; con-
sisting of fat or oil, or resembling it. Forster.
UN'GU-LA, n. [L.] In geometry, a section or part of a
cylinder, cut off by a plane oblique to the base.
UN'GU-LATE, a. Shaped like a hoof.
UN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. [Fr. inhabitable : L. inhabitabilis.]
That cannot be inhabited by human beings ; uninhabita-
ble.
UN-HA-BIT'U-A-TED, a. Not habituated ; not accustomed.
UN-HA€K'ED, a. Not hacked ; not cut, notched or man-
gled.
UN-HACK'NEYED, a. Not hackneyed ; not much used or
practiced.
UN-HALE', a. Unsound ; not entire ; not healthy.
UN-HAL'LoW, V. t To profane ; to desecrate.
UN-HAL'LoWED, p;). 1. Profaned; deprived of its sacred
character. 2. a. Profane ; unholy ; impure ; wicked.
UN-HAND', V. t. To loose from tlie hand ; to let go.
UN-HANDT-LY', adv. Awkwardly; clumsily.
UN-HAND'I-NESS, n. Want of dexterity ; clumsiness.
JN-HAN'DLED, a. Not handled; not treated ; not touched.
UN-HAND'SOxME, a. 1. Ungraceful; not beautiful. 2.
Unfair; illiberal; disingenuous. 3. Uncivil; unpolite.
UN-HAND'SOME-LY, adv. 1. Inelegantly ; ungracefully.
2. Illiberally ; unfairly. 3, Uncivilly ; unpolitely.
UN-HAND'S6ME-NESS, n. 1. Want of beauty and ele-
gance. 2. Unfairness; disingeuuousness. 3. Incivility.
UN-HAND'Y, a. 1. Not dextrous ; not skillful ; not ready
in the use of the hands ; awkwara. 2. Not conven-
ient.
UN-HANG', V. t. 1. To divest or strip of hangings, as a
room. 2. To take from the hinges.
UN-HANG'ED, or UN-HUNG', a. Not hung upon a gal-
lows ; not punished by hanging. Sliak.
t UN-HAP', rt. Ill luck; misfortune. Sidney.
t UN-HAP'PIED, a. Made unhappy. Shak.
UN-HAP'PI-LY'', adv. Unfortunately ; miserably ; calami-
tously.
UN-HAP'PI-NESS, n. 1. Misfortune ; ill luck. 2. Infeli-
citv ; misery. 3. Mischievous prank ; [obs.] Skak.
UN-HAP'PY, a. 1. Unfortunate; unlucky. 2. Not happy;
in a degree miserable or wretctied. 3. Evil; calamitous;
marked bv infelicity. 4. Mischievous ; irregular.
UN-HAR'ASSED, a. Not harassed ; not vexed.
UN-HaR'BOR, v. t. To drive from harbor or shelter.
UN-HaR'BORED, a. Not sheltered, or affording no shelter.
Milton.
UN-HARD'ENED, a. 1. Not hardened ; not indurated ; as
Tietal. 2. Not hardened ; not made obdurate.
UN-HaRD'Y, a. 1. Not hardy ; feeble ; not able to endure
fatigue. 2. Not having fortitude ; not bold ; timorous.
UN-HaRM'ED, a. Unhurt ; uninjured ; unimpaired.
UN-HARM'FUL, a. Not doing harm ; harmless ; innoxious.
UN-HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Not having symmetry or con-
gruity; disproportionate. 2. Discordant 5 unmusical.
jariing.
UN-HAR-Mo'NI-t)US-LY, adc. With jarring; discordant
ly.
UN-HAR'NESS, v. t. 1. To strip of harness ; to loose from
harness or gear. 2. To disarm ; to divest of armor.
UN-HATCH'£D, a. 1. Not hatched ; not having left the
egg. 2. Not matured and brought to light ; not disclosed.
UN-HAZ'ARD-ED, a. Not hazarded ; not put in danger ;
not exposed to loss ; not adventured. Milton.
UN-HEAD', (un-hed') v. t. To take out the head of.
UN-HEAD'ED, (un-hed'ed) pp. Having the head taken out.
UN-HEADING, (un-hed ing) ppr. Taking out the head of.
UN-HEALTH'FUL, (un-helthful) a. 1. Not healthful ; in-
jurious to health ; insalubrious ; unwholesome 5 noxious
2. Abounding with sickness or disease ; sickly.
UN-HEALTH'FUL-NESS, (un-helth'ful-nes) ?i. 1. Un
wholesomeness ; insalubriousness ; noxiousness to health
2. Th-e state of being sickly.
UN-HEALTH'I-LY, (un-hellh'e-ly) adv. In an unwhole-
some or unsound manner. Milton.
UN-HEALTH'I-NESS, (un-helth e-nes) n. 1. Want of
health ; habitual weakness or indisposition. 2. Unsound-
ness ; want of vigor. 3. Unfavorableness to health.
UN-HEALTH'Y, (un-helth'y) a. 1. Wanting health ; want-
ing a sound and vigorous state of body ; habitually weak
or indisposed. 2. Unsound ; wanting vigor of growth
3. Sickly ; abounding with disease. 4. Insalubrious ;
unwholesome ; adapted to generate diseases. 5. Morbid ;
not indicating health.
UN-HEARD', (un-hS5rd', or un-herd') [See * Heaed.] a. 1.
Not heard ; not perceived by the ear. 2. Not admitted to
audience. 3. Not known in fame ; not celebrated. 4.
Unheard of; obscure ; not known by fame. — Unheard of
new ; unprecedented. Swift
t UN-HEART', V. t. To discourage ; to depress ; to dis-
hearten. Shak.
UN-HeAT'ED, a. Not heated ; not made hot. Boyle.
UN-HED'GED, a. Not hedged ; not surrounded by a hedge
UN-HEED'ED, a. Not heeded ; disregarded ; neglected.
UN-HEED'FUL, a. Not cautious ; inattentive ; careless.
UN-HEED'ING, a. Not heeding ; careless ; negligent
Dryden.
UN-HEED'Y, a. Precipitate ; sudden. Spenser.
t UN-HeLE*, v. t. To uncover. Spenser.
UN-HELM'ED, a. Having no helm. Pollok.
UN-HELP'ED, a. Unassisted ; having no aid or auxiliary ;
unsupported. Dryden.
UN-HEL?'FUL, a. Affording no aid. Shak.
UN-HES'I-T'A-TING, a. Not hesitating; not remaining In
doubt ; prompt ; ready. Eclec. Review.
UN-HES'1-TA-TING-LY, adv. Without hesitation or doubt
UN-HEWN', a. Not hewn; rough. Dryden.
t UN-HiDE'BOUND, a. Lax of maw ; capacious. Milton.
UN-HIN'DERED, a. Not hindered ; not opposed.
UN-HINgE', (un-hinj') v. t. 1. To take from the hinges
2. To displace ; to unfix by violence. 3. To unfix ; to
looseji ; to render unstable or wavering.
UN-HoARD', V. t. To steal from a hoard ; to scatter.
UN-Ho'LI-NESS,w. 1. Want of holiness; an unsanctified
state_of the heart. 2. Impiety ; wickedness ; profaneness
UN-Ho'LY, a. 1. Not holy ; not renewed and sanctified
2 Tim. iii. 2. Profane ; not hallowed ; not consecrated ,
common. Heb. x. 3. Impious; wicked. 4. Not ceremo-
nially purified. Lev. x.
tUN-HON'EST, (un-on'est) a. Dishonest; dishonorable.
UN-HON'ORED, (un-on'urd) a. Not honored ; not regarded
with veneration ; not celebrated. Dryden.
UN-HOOK', V. t. To loose from a hook.
UN-HOOP', V. t. To strip of hoops. Addison.
UN-H6P'ED, a. Not hoped for ; not so probable as to excite
hope^ Dryden. — Unhopedfor, unhoped, as above.
UN-HoPE'FUL, a. Such as leaves no room to hope. Boyle.
UN-HORN'ED, a. Having no horns. Tooke.
UN-HORSE', V. t. To throw from a horse ; to cause to
dismount. Shak.
UN-HORS'ED, p;>. Thrown from a horse. Dryden.
UN-HORS'ING,p77r. Throwing from a horse ; dismounting.
UN-HOS'PI-TA-BLE, a. Not kind to strangers.
UN-HOS'TlLE, a. Not belonging to a public enemy.
UN-HOUSE , V. t. 1. To drive from the house or habitation .
to dislodge. 2. To deprive of shelter.
UN-HOUSED,;?;). 1. Driven from a house or habitation.
2. a. Wanting a house ; homeless. 3. Having no settled
habitation. 4. Destitute of shelter or cover.
UN-HOUS'ELED, a. Not having received the sacrament.
Sliak^
UN-Hu'MAN,^. Inhuman. [But inhuman is the word used.]
UN-Hu'MAN-iZE, v. t. To render inhuman or barbarous.
J. Barlow.
UN-HUM'BLED, a. 1. Not humbled; not affected with
shame or confusion ; not contrite in spirit. — 2. In theology,
not liaving the will, and the natural enmity of the heart tc
God and his law, subdued.
• Set
E, T. O, U ^. long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
UNI
88J
UNI
tJN-HURT', a. Not hurt ; not harmed ; free from injury.
[JN-HURT'FIIL, a. Not hurtful ; harmless ; innoxious.
UN-HUKT'FjJL-LY, adv. Without harm ; harmlessly.
UN-HUS'BAND-ED, a. 1. Deprived of support ; neglected.
2. Not managed with frugality.
UN-HUSK'ED, a. Not being stripped of husks.
IJ-NI-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. unus and capsula.] Having one
capsule to each flower, as a pericarp.
U'JNri-€ORN, n. [L, unicornis.] 1. An animal with one
horn ; the monoceros. This name is often applied to the
rhinoceros. 2. Tlie sea-unicorn is a fish of the whale
kind, called narwal, remarkable for a horn growing out
at his nose. 3. A fowl
IJ-NI-€0RN'0US, a. Having only one horn. Brown.
UN-I-De'AL, a. Not ideal ; real. Johnson.
U-NIF'LO-ROUS, a. [L. tmus and^os.] Bearing one flow-
er only ; as, a uniflorous peduncle. Martyn.
D'NI-FORM, a. [L. uniformis.'] 1. Having always the
same form or manner : not variable. 3. Consistent with
itself 5 not different. 3. Of the same form with others ;
consonant ; agreeing with each other ; conforming to one
rule or mode. 4. Having the same degree or state.
UNI-FORM, n. The particular dress of soldiers, by which
one regiment or company is distinguished from another,
or a soldier from another person.
U-NI-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Resemblance to itself at all times j
even tenor. 2. Consistency ; sameness. 3. Conformity
to a pattern or ru^e ; resemblance, consonance or agree-
ment. 4. Similitude between the parts of a whole. 5.
Continued or unvaried sameness or likeness. — Act of uni-
formity, in England, tne act of parliament by which the
form of public prayers, administration of sacraments and
other rites, is prescribed to be observed in all tlie churches.
1 Eliz. and 13 and 14 Car. II.
U'NI-FORM-LY, adij. 1. With even tenor 5 without varia-
tion. 2. Without diversity of one from another.
U-NI-GEN'I-TURE, n. | L. unigenxtus.] The state of being
the only begotten.
U-NI6'EN-0US, a. [1,. unigena.] Of one kind ; of the
same genus. Kirwan.
D NI-La'BI-ATE, a. In botany, having one lip only.
U-NI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. unus and latus.] 1. Being on
one side or party only. 2. Having one side.
D-NI-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L nnus and litera, letter.] Consist-
ing of one letter only.
UN-IL-Lu'MI-NA-TED, a. 1. Not illuminated ; not enlight-
ened ; dark. 2. Ignorant.
UN-IL-LUS'TRA-TED, a. Not illustrated ; not made plain.
U-NI-LOCU-LAR, a, [L. unus and loculus ] Having one
cell only ; as, a unilocular pericarp.
UN-IM-AG'IN-A-BLE, .' Not to be imagined ; not to be
conceived. Tillotson.
UN-IM-Afi'IN-A-BLY, adv. To a degree not to be imag-
ined.
UN-IM-A6'INED, a. Not imagined ; not conceived
UN-IM-Bu'ED, a. Not imbued ; not tinctured.
UN-IM'I-TA-BLE, a. That cannot be imitated.
UN-IM'I-TA-TED, a. Not imitated. Johnson.
UN-IM-MOR'TAL, a. Not immortal ; perishable
UN-IM-PAIR'A-BLE, a. Not liable to waste or diminution.
UN-IIVI-PAIR'ED, a. Not impaired ; not diminished ; not
enfeebled by time or injury.
UN-IM-PAS'SIONED, (un-im-pash'und) a. 1. Not endowed
with passions. Thomson. 2. Free from passion ; calm ;
not violent.
UN-IM-PkACH'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be impeached;
that cannot be accused ; free from stain, guilt or fault.
2. That_cannot be called in question.
UN-IM-PkACH'ED, a. 1. Not impeached ; not charged or
accusedj fair. 2. Not called in question.
UN-IM-PeD'ED, a. Not impeded ; not hindered. Rawle.
UN-IMTLI-CA-TED, a. Not implicated ; not involved.
UN-IM-PLi'ED, a. Not implied ; not included by fair infer-
ence. Madison.
UN-IM-PLoR'ED, a. Not implored ; not solicited.
UN-IM-PORT'ANT, a. 1, Not important ; not of great mo-
ment. 2. Not assuming airs of dignity
UN-IM-POR-TuN'ED, a. Not nuportuned ; not solicited.
UN-IM-PoS'ING, a. 1. Not imposing ; not commanding
respect. 2. Not enjoining as obligatory ; voluntary.
UN-IM-PREG'NA-TED, a. Not impregnated.
UN-IM-PRESS'IVE, a. Not impressive ; not forcible ; not
adapted to affect or awaken the passions. Beddoes.
UN-IiM-PRoV'A-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of improvement,
melioration or advancement to a better condition. 2. In-
capable of being cultivated or tilled.
UN-IM-PR<^V'A-BLE-NESS, ?i. The quality of being not
improvable. Hammond.
UN-IM-PRGV'ED, a. 1. Not improved ; not made better or
wiser ; not advanced in knowledge, manners or excel-
lence. 2. Not used for a valuable purpose. 3. Not used ;
not employed. Hamilton. 4. Not tilled ; not cultivated ;
as, unimproved land or soil. Franklin. 5. Uncensured ;
not disapproved ; [ohs.']
UN-IM-PRCV'ING, a. Not improving 3 not tending to ad-
vance or instruct. Johnson.
UN-IM-Pu'TA-BLE, a. Not imputable or chargeable to
UN-IN-CHANT'ED, a. Not enchanted ; not affected by
magic or enchantment; not haunted.
t UN-IN-€ReAS'A-BLE, a. Admitting no increase.
UN-IN-€UM'BERED, a. 1. Not incumbered ; not burdened.
2. Free from any temporary estate or interest, or from
mortgage, or other charge or debt.
UN-IN-DEBT'ED, a. 1. NoMndebted. 2. Notborrowed.
UN-IN-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Not indifferent ; not unbiased ;
partial ; leaning to one party. Hooker.
UN-IN-DORS'ED, a. Not indorsed ; not assigned.
UN-IN-DUS'TRI-OUS, a. Not industrious ; not diligent in
labor, study or other pursuit. Decay of Piety.
UN-IN-FE€T'ED, a. 1. Not infected ; not contaminated or
affected by foul, infectious air. 2. Not corrupted.
UN-IN-FE€'TIOUS, a. Not infectious ; not foul ; not ca-
pable of communicating disease.
UN-IN-FLaM'ED, a. 1. Not inflamed ; not set on fire. Ba
con. 2. Not highly provoked.
UN-IN-FLAM'MA-BLE, a. Not inflammable ; not capable of
being set on fire. Bo-yle.
UN-IN'FLU-ENCED, a 1. Not influenced ; not persuaded
or moved by others, or by foreign considerations ; not bi-
ased ; acting freely. 2. Not proceeding from influence,
bias or prejudice.
UN-IN-FORM'ED, a. 1. Not informed ; not instructed ;
untaught. 2. Unanimated ; not enlivened,
UN-IN-FORM'ING, a. Not furnishing information ; unin-
structive. Mitford.
UN-IN-GE'NI-OUS, a. Not ingenious ; dull. Burke.
UN-IN-6EN'U-0US, a. Not ingenuous ; not frank or can-
did ; disingenuous. Dezay of Piety.
UN-IN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. Not inhabitable ; that in which
men cannot live ; unfit to be the residence of men.
UN-IN-HAB'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unin-
habitable.
UN-IN-HAB'IT-ED, a. Not inhabited by men ; having no
inhabitants. Swift.
UN-IN-I"TIA-TED, a. Not initiated.
UN-INJURED, a. Not injured ; not hurt ; suffering no
harm.
UN-IN-aUIS'I-TiVE, a. Not inquisitive ; not curious to
search andinquire. Warton.
UN-IN-S€RlB'ED, a. Not inscribed ; having no inscription.
UN-IN-SPlR'ED, a. Not having received any supernatural
instruction or illumination. Locke.
UN-IN-STRUCT'ED, a. 1. Not instructed or taught ; not
educated. 2. Not directed by superior authority; not
furnished with instructions.
UN-IN-STRU€T'IVE, a. Not instructive ; not conferring
improvement. Addison.
UN-IN'SU-LA-TED, a. Not insulated ; not being separated
or detaclied from every thing else. Ure.
UN-IN-SuR'ED, (un-in-shurd') a. Not insured; not assured
UN-IN-TEL'LI-GENT, a. 1. Not having reason or con-
sciousness ; not possessing understanding. 2. Not know-
ing ; not skillful ; dull.
UN-IN-TEL'LI-GI-BLE-NESS, I n. The quality of being
UN-IN-TEL-LI-6I-BIL'I-TY, \ not intelligible. Bur-
net.
UN-IN-TEL'LI-6I-BLE, a. Not mtelligible ; that cannot
be understood. Sicift.
UN-IN-TEL'LI-6I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be un-
derstood.
UN-IN-TEND'ED, a. Not intended ; not designed.
UN-IN-TEN'TION-AL, a. Not intentional ; not designed j
done or happening without design. Boyle.
UN-IN-1'EN'TION-AL-LY, adv. Without design or pur-
pose.
UN-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. 1. Not interested; not having
any interest or property in ; having nothing at stake. 2
Not having the mind or the passions engaged.
UN-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Not capable of exciting an inter-
est, or of eng<aging the mind or passions.
UN-IN-TER-MIS'SIOxV, 11. Defect or failure of intermission.
UN-IN-TER-MIT'TED, a. Not intermitted; not interrupt-
ed ; not suspended for a time ; continue'd. Hale.
UN-IN-TER-MIT'TING, a. Not intermitting ; not ceasing
for a time ; continuing.
UN-IN-TER-MIT'TING-LY, adv. Without cessation ; con-
tinually. Mitford.
UN-IN-TER-MIX'ED, a. Not intermixed ; not mingled.
UN-IN'TER-PO-LA-TED, a. [See * Interpolate.] Not
interpolated ; not inserted at a time subsequent to the
original writing.
UN-IN-TER-RUPT'ED, a. 1. Not interrupted ; not broken.
Addison. 2. Not disturbed by intrusion or avocation.
UN-IN-TER-RUPT'ED-LY, adv. Without interruption;
without disturbance.
UN-IN-TRENCH'ED, a. Not intrenched ; not defended by
intrenchments. Pope.
* See Synopsis
MOVE, BQOK, D6VE .;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH TUaain this
56
t Obaolett.
UNI
882
UNK
t (JN-IN'TRI-€A-TED, a. Not perplexed ; not intricate.
UN-m-TRO-Du CED, a. Not introduced ; not properly
conducted ; obtrusive. Young.
UN-IN-uE.'ED, a. Not inured j not hardened by use or
practice. Philips.
UN-IN-VENT'ED, a. Not invented; not found out, JlfzZton.
UN-IN-VEST'ED, a. 1. Not invested 3 notclotlied. 2. Not
converted into some species of property less fleeting tlian
money.
UN-tN-VEST I-GA-BLE, a That cannot be investigated
or searched out. Ray
UN-IN-VID'I-OUS, a. Not invidious.
UN-IN-VlT'ED, a. Not invited ; not requested ; not soli-
cited
U'NION. n [Fr. union ; It. unione ; L. unio.] 1. The act
of joining two or more things into one, and thus fonning
a compound body or a mixture ; or the junction or coalition
of things thus united. Union differs from connection, as it
implies the bodies to be in contact, without an intervening
body ; whereas things may be connected by the interven-
tion of a third body, as by a cord or chain. 2. Concord ;
agreement and conjunction of mind, will, affections or
interest. 3. The conjunction or united existence of spirit
and matter. — 4. Among painters, a symmetry and agree-
ment between the several parts of a painting. — 5. In ar-
chitecture, harmony between the colors in the materials
of a building. Cyc. — 6. In ecclesiastical affairs, the combi-
ning or consolidating of two or more churches into one.
7. States united. Thus the United States are sometimes
called the Union. Hamilton. 8. [L. unio.] A pearl ; [obs.]
U-NIP'A-EOUS, a. [li. unus and par io.] Producing one at
a birth. Brown.
U-NiaUE, (yu-neek') a. [Fr.] Sole ; without an equal ;
without another cf the same kind known to exist.
G-NI-Ra'DI-A-TED, a. Having one ray. Encyc.
UN-IR'RI-TA-TED, a. 1. Not irritated ; not fretted. 2. Not
provoked or angered.
UN-IR'RI-TA-TING, a. 1. Not irritating or fretting. 2. Not
provoking. 3. Not exciting.
U'NI-SON, n. [L. vnus and sonus.] 1. In music, an accord-
ance or coincidence of sounds. 2. A single, unvaried
note. Pope —In. unison, in agreement ; in harmony.
U'NI-SON, a Sounding alone.
U-NIS'C-NANCE> n. Accordance of sounds. Cyc.
U-NIS'0-NANT, a Being in unison ; having the same de-
gree of gravity 01 acuteness.
U-NIS'0-NOUS, a Being in unison. BzLsby.
U'NIT, n. [L. w?izt.5, unitas.] 1. One; a word which de-
notes a single thing or person ; the least whole number.
— 2. In mathematics, any known determinate quantity,
by the constant repetition of wliich any other quantity of
the same kind is measured. D. Olmsted.
[J-NI-Ta'RI-AN, n. [L. unitus, unus.] One who denies
the doctrine of the Trinity, and ascribes divinity to God
the Father only.
D-NI-Ta'RI-AN, a. Pertaming to Unitarians, or to the doc-
trine of the unity of the Godhead.
U-NI-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, 71. The doctrines of Unitarians.
U-NlTE', V. t. [L. unio, unitus ; Fr., Sp. unir ; It. M7U>e.]
1. To put together or join two or more things, which
make one compound or mixture. 2. To join ; to connect in
a near relation or alliance. 3. To make to agree or be
uniform. 4. To cause to adhere. 5 To join in interest
or fellowship. Gen. xlix. 6. To tie ; to splice ; as, to
wnite two cords or ropes. 7. To join in affection ; to make
near.
U-NiTE', r. i. 1. To join in an act ; to concur; to act in
concert. 2. To coalesce ; to be cemented or consolidated ;
to combine. 3. To grow together, as the parts of a wound.
4. To coalesce, as sounds. 5. To be mixed.
U-NiT'ED, pp. Joined ; made to agree ; cemented ; mixed ;
attached by growth.
U-NiT'ER. n. The person or thing that unites.
U-NTT'ING, ppr. Joining : causing to agree ; consolidating ;
coalescing ; growing together.
t U-Nl"TION, n. Junction ; act of uniting. Wiseman.
fU'NI-TlVE, a. Having the power of uniting. Morris.
U NI-TY, n. [L. unitas.] 1. The state of being one ; one-
ness 2. Concord ; conjunction. 3. Agreement ; uni-
formity. — 4 In Christian theology, oneness of sentiment,
affection or behavior. — 5. In mathematics, the abstract ex-
pression for any unit whatsoever. — 6. In poetry, the prin-
ciple by which a uniform tenor of story and propriety of
representation is preserved. — In the drama, there are three
unities ; the unity of action, that of time, and that of
place. — 7. In music, such a combination of parts as to
constitute a whole, or a kind of symmetry of style and
character.— 8. In law, the properties of a joint estate are
derived from its unity, which is fourfold ; unity of interest,
unity of title, unity of time, and unity of possession. — 9. In
law, unity of possession is a joint possession of two rights
by several titles.
U'NI VALVE, a. [L. unus, one, and valvce.] Having one
valve only, as a shell or pericarp.
U'NI- VALVE, n. A shell having one valve only.
U-NI-VALV'U-LAR, a. Having one valve only. Cyc.
U-NI-VERS'AL, a. [1,. universalis.} Z. All; extending to
or comprehending the vt^hole number, quantity or space
2. Total ; whole. 3. Comprising all the particulars.— 4
In botany, a universal umbel is a primary or general um-
bel ; the first or largest set of rays in a compound umbel
opposed to partial.
U-NI-VERS'AL, n. 1. In logic, a universal is complex or
incomplex. A complex universal is either a universal
proposition, as, " every whole is greater than its parts,"
or whatever raises a manifold conception in the mind, as
the definition of a reasonable animal. An inccmplex uni-
versal is what produces one conception only in the mind,
and is a simple thing respecting many ; as human nature,
which relates to every individual in which it is found.
2. The whole; the general system of the universe ; [obs.]
U-NI-VERS'AL-ISM, n. In theology, the doctrhie that all
men will be saved or made happy in a future life.
U-NI-VERS'AL-IST, n. One who holds the doctrine that
all men will be saved.
U-NI-VER-SAL'I-TY, d. The state of extending to the
whole.
U-NI-VERS'AL-LY, adv. With extension to the whole ; in
a manner to comprehend all ; without exception.
U-NI-VERS'AL-NESS, n. Universality.
U'NI-VERSE, 71. [Fr. univers ; L. universitas.] The col-
lective name of h'eaven and earth, and all that belongs to
them ; the whole system of created things.
U-NI-VEIIS'I-TY, n. An assemblage of colleges established
in any place, with professors for instructing students in
the sciences and other branches of learning, and where
degrees are conferred. A university is properly a universal
school, in which are taught all branches of learning, or
the four faculties of theology, medicine, law, and the
sciences and arts.
U-NIV'0-€AL, a. [L. unus and vox.] 1. Having one
meaning only. 2. Having unison of sounds, as the octave
in music and its replicates. 3. Certain ; regular ; pursu
ing always one tenor ; [little used.]
U-NIV'0-CAL-LY, adv. 1. In one term ; in one sense
Hale. 2. Jn one tenor ; [little used.] Ray.
U-NIV-O-Ca'TION, n. Agreement of name and meaning.
U'NI-VoQUE, ) a. In music, univocal concords are the oc-
U'NI-VoKE, ) tave and its recurrences, above or below.
UN-JEAL'OUS, a. Not suspiciously fearful ; having no
unreasonable mistrust. Clarendon.
UN-JOINT', V. t. To disjoint. Fuller.
UN-JOINT'ED, a. 1. Disjointed ; separated. Milton. 2.
Having no joint or articulation. Botany.
UN-JOY'OUS, a. Not joyous ; not gay or cheerful.
UN-JUD'GED, a. Not judged ; not judicially determined.
Prior.
UN-JUST', a. 1. Not just ; acting contrary to the standard
of right established by the divine law ; not equitable. 2
Contrarv to justice and right ; wrongful.
UN-JUST'I-FI-A-BLE, a. Not justifiable ; that cannot be
proved to be right ; not to be vindicated or defended.
UxN-JUST'I-FI-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not being
justifiable. Clarendon.
UiV-JUST'I-Fl-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that cannot be
justified or vindicated.
UN-JUST'LFlED, a. 1. Not justified or vindicated 2.
Not pardoned..
UN-JUST'LY, adv. In an unjusl manner ; wrongfully.
t UNK'ED, or f UNK'ID, for uncouth ; odd ; strange.
UN-KEM'MED, ) a. Uncombed ; unpolished. Spenser. [Ob-
UN-KEMPT^, ) solete, except in poetry.]
UN-KEN'NEL, v. t. 1. To drive from his hole. 2. fo
rouse from secrecy or retreat. 3. To release from a
kennel.
UN-KEN'NELED, pp. Driven or let loose from confine
ment, as a fox or dog.
I UN-KENT', a. [un and ken, to know.] Unknown
Spenser.
UN-KEPT', a. 1. Not kept; not retained; not preserved.
2. Not observed ; not obeyed, as a command.
UN-KERN'ELED, a. Destitute of a kernel. Pollok.
UN-KiND', a. 1. Not kind ; not benevolent ; not favorable ;
not obliging. 2. Unnatural.
UN-KIND'LI-NESS, n. Unfavorableness. Hakewill.
UN-KIND'LY, a. 1. Unnatural ; contrary to nature. Spen-
ser 2. Unfavorable ; malignant. Milton.
UN-KlND'LY, adv. 1. Without kindness ; without affec-
tion. 2. In a manner contrary to nature ; unnaturally.
UN-KlND'NESS, n. 1. Want of kindness ; want of natural
affection; want of good will. 2. Disobliging treatment ;
disfavor.
UN-KING', r. t. To deprive of royalty. Shak.
UN-KING'LiKE, ) a. Unbecoming a king ; not noble
UN-KING'LY, \ Shak.
UN-KISS'ED, a. Not kissed. Shak.
UN'KLE. See Uncle.
UN-KNlGHT-'LY, a. Unbecoming a knight. Sidney.
See Synopsis a E, I, U, 1?, fong'.—FXR, FALL, WHAT ;—PBBY 5— Pl^f, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete.
UNL
883
UNM
UN-KNIT', v.t. 1. To separate threads that are knit 5 to
open J to loose work that is knit or knotted. 2. To
open.
UN-KNOT', V. t. To free from knots 5 10 untie.
+ UN-KNoW, V. t. To cease to know.
UN-KNoW'A-BLE, a. That cannot be known. Watts.
UN-KNoW'ING, a. Not knowing ; ignorant ; with of.
UN-KNoW'ING-LY, adv. Ignorantly ; without Knowledge
or desijn. Addison.
UN-KNoVVN-, a 1. Not known. 2. Greater than is im-
agined. 3. Not having had cohabitation. 4. Not having
communication
UN-La'BORED, a. 1 Not produced by labor. 2. Not
cultivated by labor ; not tilled. 3. Spontaneous ; volun-
tary ; that offers without effort ; natural. 4. Easy ; nat-
ural ; not stiff.
UN-LA-Bo'RI-OUS, a. Not laborious j not difficult to be
done.
UN-LaCE', V U 1. To loose from lacing or fastening by a
cord or strings passed through loops and holes. 2. To
loose a woman's dress. 3. To divest of ornaments. — 4.
In sea language, to loose and take off a bonnet from
a saij.
UN-La'CED, pp. Loosed from lacing ; unfastened.
UN-La'CING, ppr. Loosing from lacing or fastening
UN-LA€K'EYED, a. Unattended with a lackey.
UN-LaDE', v. t. 1. To unload ; to take out the cargo of.
2. To unload ; to remove, as a load or burden. Acts xxi.
UN-LaD'EN, pp. of lade. Unloaded.
UN-LaID', a. 1. Not placed; not fixed. 2. Not allayed ;
not pacified; not suppressed. 3. Not laid out, as a
corpse.
UN-LA-MENT'ED, a. Not lamented ; not deplored.
UN-LARD'ED, a. Not intermixed or inserted for improve-
ment. Chesterfield.
UN-LATCH', V. i. To open or loose by lifting the latch.
UN-LAU'RELED, a. Not crowned with laurel ; not hon-
ored."
UN-LAVISH, a. Not lavish ; not profuse ; not wasteful.
UN-LAVISHED, a. Not lavished ; not spent wastefully.
UN-LAW, V. t. To deprive of the authority of law. Milton.
UN-LAWFUL, a. Not lawful; contrary to law; illegal;
not permitted by law. Dry den.
UN-LAWFUL-LY, adv. 1. In violation of law or right;
illegal! v. 2. Illegitimately ; not in wedlock. ./3dcZi507i.
UN-LAW'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Illegality ; contrariety to law.
South. 2. "illegitimacy.
UN-LEARN', (un-lern') v. t. To forget or lose what has
been learned.
UN-LEARN'ED, pp. 1. Forgotten. 2. a. Not learned ;
ignorant ; illiterate ; not instructed. 3. Not gained by
study ; not known. 4. Not suitable to a learned man.
UN-LEARN'ED-LY, adv. Ignorantly. Brown.
UN-LEARN'ED-NESS, n. Want of learning ; illiterate-
ness. Sylvester.
UN-LEAVENED, (un-lev'end) 0. Not leavened; not
raised by leaven, barm or yeast. Ez. xii.
UN-LEeT'URED, a. Not taught by lecture. Young.
t UN-LEIS'URED, (un-lezh'urd) a. Not having leisure.
UN-LENT', a. Not lent.
UN-LESS', conj. [Sax. onlesan, to loose or release.] Ex-
cept ; that is, remove or dismiss the fact or thing stated in
the sentence or clause which follows.
UN-LESSONED, a. Not taught ; not instructed.
UN-LET'TERED, a. Unlearned; untaught; ignorant.
UN-LET'TER-ED-NESS,7i. Want of learning. Waterhouse.
UN-LEVELED, a. Not leveled ; not laid even. Tickel.
UN-LI-BID'IN-OUS, a. Not libidinous ; not lustful.
UN-LICENSED, a. Not licensed ; not having permission
by authority. L. Beecher.
UN-LICK'ED, a. Shapeless ; not formed to smoothness.
UN-LTGHT'ED, a. 1. Not lighted; not illuminated. Prim-.
2. Not kindled or set on fire.
UN-LlGHT'SoME, a. Dark ; gloomy ; wanting light.
UN-LiKE', a. 1. Dissimilar; having no resemblance. 2.
Improbable; unlikely. Bacon.
UN-LIkI'LI-NESsJ' ! "• Improbability. South. Locke.
UN-LlKE'LY, a. 1. Improbable ; sich as cannot be rea-
sonably expected. 2. Not promising success.
UN-LIKE'LY, adv. Improbably. Addison.
UN-LTKE'NESS, n. Want of resemblance ; dissimilitude.
UN-LIM'BER, a. Not limber ; not flexible ; not yielding.
UN-LIM'IT-A-BLE, a. Admitting no limits ; boundless.
UN-LIM'IT-ED, a. 1. Not limited ; having no bounds ;
boundless. Boyle. 2. Undefined ; indefinite ; not bound-
ed bv proper exceptions. 3. Unconfined ; not restrained.
UN-LIM'IT-ED-LY, adw. Without bounds. Decay of Piety.
UN-LIM'IT-ED-NESS, n. The state of being boundless,
or of being undefined. Johnson, .
UN-LIN'E-AL, a. Not in a line ; not coming in the order
of succession. Sliak.
UN-LINK', V. t. To separate links ; to loose ; to unfasten ;
to untwist. Shak.
not settled j
2. Unpaid;
UN-Lia'UI-DA-TED, a. 1. Not liquidated ■
not having the exact amount ascertained
unadjusted. _
UN-Lia'UI-FlED, a. Unmelted ; not dissolved. Addison
UN-LICI'UORED, (un-lik'urd) a. Not moistened ; not
smeared with liquor ; not filled with liquor. Milton.
UN-LIS'TEN-ING, a. Not listening; not hearing ; not re-
garding. Thomson.
UN-LlVE'LI-NESS, n. Want of life; dullness. Milton
UN-LlVE'LY, a. Not lively ; dull.
UN-LoAD', V. t. 1. To take the load from ; to discharge
of a load or cargo. 2. To disburden. 3. To disburden ;
to rejieve from any thing onerous or troublesome.
UN-LoAD'ED, pp. Freed from a load or cargo ; disbur-
dened.
UN-LoAD'ING, ppr. Freeing from a load or cargo ; disbur
dening ; relieving of a burden.
UN-Lo'CA-TED, a. 1. Not placed ; not fixed in a place.--
2. In America, unlocated lands are such new or wild lands
as have not been surveyed, appropriated or designated by
marks, limits or boundaries, to some individual, company
or corporation.
UN-LOCK', V. t. 1. To unfasten what is locked. 2 To
open, in general; to lay open. Pope.
UN-LOCK'ED, i?p. I. Opened. 2. a Not locked , not
made fast.
UN-LOOK'ED for. Not expected; not foreseen. Bacon.
UN-LOOSE', (un-loos') v. t. To loose.
UN-LOOSE', (un-loos') v. i. To fall in pieces ; to lose all
connection or tinion. Collier.
t UN-LOS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be lost. Boyle.
UN-L6VED. a. Not loved. Sidney.
UN-L6VE'LI-NESS, n. Want of loveliness ; unamiable-
fess ; want of the qualities which attract love.
-LoVE'LY, a. Not lovely ; not amiable ; destitute of
the qualities which attract love, or possessing qualities
that excite dislike.
UN-LoVING, a. Not loving ; not fond. Shak.
UN-LUCK'I-LY, adv. Unfortunately ; by ill fortune.
UN-LU€K'I-NESS, n. 1. Unfortunateness ; ill fortune.
2. Mischievousness. Addison.
UN-LUCK' Y, a. 1. Unfortunate ; not successful. 2. Un
fortunate ; not resulting in success. 3. Unhappy ; miser-
able ; subject to frequent misfortunes. 4. t lightly mis-
chievous ; mischievously waggish. 5. Ill-omened ; inau-
spicious.
UN-LUS'TROUS, a. Wanting lustre ; not shining.
UN-LUST'Y, a. Not lusty ; not stout ; weak.
UN-LuTE', V. t. To separate things cemented or luted ; tc
takethe lute or clay from.
UN-LUT'ED, pp. Separated, as luted vessels.
UN-LuT'ING, ppr. Separating, as luted vessels.
UN-MaDE', pp. I. Deprived of its form or qualities. 2. a
Not made ; not yet formed. 3. Omitted to be made.
UN-MxlG-NET'IC, a. Not having magnetic properties.
UN-MaID'EN-LY, a. Not becoming a maiden. Hall.
UN-MaIM'ED, a. Not maimed ; not disabled in any limb ;
sound ; entire. Pope.
UN-MaK'A-BLE, a. Not possible to be made, [L.u.] Orew.
UN-MaKE', v. t. 1. To destroy the form and qualities
which constitute a thing what it is. 2. To deprive of
qualides before possessed.
UN-MaK'ING, ppr. Destroying the peculiar properties of a
thing.
UN-MALJ:,E-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being
unmalleable.
UN-MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. Not malleable; not capable of
being hammered into a plate, or of being extended by
beating.
UN-MAN', v.t. 1. To deprive of the constitutional qualities
of a human being, as reason, &c. 2. To deprive of men.
3. To emasculate ; to deprive of virility. 4. To deprive
of the courage and fortitude of a man ; to break or reduce
into irresolution ; to dishearten ; to deject. 5. To dis-
people.
UN-MAN' AGE-A-BLE, a. 1 Not manageable ; not easily
restrained, governed or directed; not controllable. 2.
Not easily wielded.
UN-MAN'AGED, a. 1. Not broken by horsemanship.
Not tutored ; not educated. Felton.
UN-MAN'LiKE, ) a. 1. Not becoming a human being.
UN-MAN'LY, ) Unsuitable to a man ; effeminate.
2.
Not worthy of a noble mind ; ignoble ; base ; ungenerous;
cowardly.
UN-MAN'NED, pp. Deprived of the qualities of a man.
UN-MAN'NERED, a. Uncivil ; rude. B. Jonson.
UN-MAN 'NER-LI-NESS, n. Want of good manners 5
breach of civility ; rudeness of behavior. Locke.
UN-MAN'NER-LY, a. 1. Ill-bred ; not having good man-
ners ; rude in behavior. 2. Not according to good man-
ners.
UN-MAN'NER-LY, adv. Uncivilly. Shak.
UN-MAN-U-FACT'URED, a. Not manufactured j not
wrought into the proper form for use.
See Synapsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ; BIJLL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; 8 as Z j CH as SH j TH as in tftw. t Obsolete-
UISM
884
UNN
UN-MA-NOR'ED, a. 1. Not manured ; not enriched by
manure. 9. Uncultivated. Spenser.
UJy-MARK'ED, a. I. Not marked ; having no mark. 2.
Unobserved ; not regarded ; undistinguished. Pope.
UN-MAR'REDj a. Not marred ; not injured ; not spoiled j
noi obstructed.
UN-MAR'RI-A-BLE, a. Not marriageable. [L. u.] Milton.
UN-MAR'RIED, a. Not married ; having no husband or no
wife. Bacon
UN-MAR'RY, V. t. To divorce. Milton.
UN-MAR'SHALED, a. Not disposed or arranged in due
order.
UN-MAS'€U-LATE, v. t. To emasculate. Fuller.
UN-MAS'€U-LINE, a. Not masculine or manly ; feeble ;
effeminate. Milton.
UN-MASK', V. t. To strip of a mask or of any disguise ; to
lay open vfhat is concealed. Roscommon.
UN-MASK', V. i. To put off a mask.
UN-MASK'ED, pp. 1. Stripped of a mask or disguise. 2.
a Open ; exposed to view. Dryden.
t UN-MAS'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be mastered.
UN-MAS'TERED, a. 1. Not subdued ; not conquered. 2.
Not conquerable. Dryden.
UN-MATCH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be matched ; that
cannot be equaled ; unparalleled. Hooker.
UN-MATCH'ED, a. Matchless ; having no match or equal.
UN-MeAN'ING, a. 1. Having no meaning or signification.
2. Not expressive ; not indicating intelligence.
UN-MEANT', (un-menf) a. Not meant; not intended,
UN-MEAS'UR-A-BLE, (un-mezh'ur-a-bl) a. That cannot
be measured ; unbounded ; boundless. Swift.
UN-MEAS'UR-A-BLY, adv. Beyond all measure. Howell.
UN-MEAS'URED, a. 1. Not measured ; plentiful beyond
measure. Milton. 2. Immense ; infinite. Blackmore.
UN-ME-€HAN'I-€AL, a. Not mechanical ; not according
to the laws or principles of mechanics.
UN-MED'DLED loith. Not meddled with ; not touched.
UN-MED'DLING, a. Not meddling; not interfering with
the concerns of others ; not ofiicious. Chesterfield.
tUN-MED'DLING-NESS, n. Forbearance of interposition.
UN-MED'I-TA-TED, a. Not meditated ; not prepared by
previous thought.
UN-MEET', a. Not fit; not proper ; not worthy. Prior.
UN-MEET'LY, adv. Not fitly ; not properly ; not suitably.
UN-MEET'NESS, n. Unfitness ; unsuitableness.
UN-MEL'LoWED, a. Not mellowed ; not fully matured.
UN-ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Not melodious ; wanting melody.
UN-MELT'ED, a. 1. Undissolved ; not melted. 2. Not
softened.
UN-MEN'TIONED, a. Not mentioned ; not named.
UN-MER'€AN-TlLE, a. Not according to the customs and
rules of commerce.
UN-MER'CHANT-A-BLE, a. Not merchantable ; not of a
quality fit for the market.
UN-MER'CI-FUL, a. 1. Not merciful ; cruel ; inhuman to
such beings as are in one's power ; not disposed to spare
or forgive. 2. Unconscionable ; exorbitant.
UN-MER'CI-FUL-LY, adv. Without mercy ; cruelly.
UN-MER'CI-FJJL-NESS, n. Want of mercy; want of ten-
derness and compassion towards those who are in one's
power ; cruelty in the exercise of power or punishment.
t UN-MER'IT-A-BLE, a. Having no merit or desert. Shak.
UN-MER'IT-ED, a. 1. Not merited; not deserved; ob-
tained without service or equivalent. 2. Not deserved ;
cruel ; unjust.
UN-MER'IT-ED-NESS, n. State of being unmerited.
UN-MET', a. Not met. B. .Tonson.
UN-ME-TAL'LI€, a. Not metallic; not having the proper-
ties of metal ; not belonging to metals.
UN-MlGIlT'Y, a. Not mighty ; not powerful.
UN-MiLD', a. Not mild ; harsh ; severe ; fierce.
UN-MiLD'NESS, n. Want of mildness ; harshness.
UN-MIL'I-TA-RY, a. Not according to military rules.
UN-MILK'ED, a. Not milked. Pope.
UN-MILL'ED, a. Not milled ; not indented or grained.
UN-MlND'ED, a. Not minded ; not heeded. Milton.
UN-MlND'FUL, a. Not mindful ; not heedful ; not atten-
tive ; regardless. Milton.
UN-MlND'FlJL-LY, adv. Carelessly ; heedlessly.
UN-MlND'FiJL-NESS, n. Heedlessness ; inattention ; care-
lessness.
UN-MIN'GLE, v.t To separate things mixed. Bacon.
t UN-MIN'GLE-A-BLE, a. That cannot be mixed.
UN-MIN'GLED, a. 1. Not mingled ; not mixed ; pure. 2.
Pure ; not vitiated or alloyed by foreign admixture.
UN-MIN-IS-Tk'RI-AL, a. Not ministerial.
UN-MlR'Y, a. Not miry ; not muddy ; not foul with dirt
UN-MISS'ED, a. Not missed ; not perceived to be gone or
lost. Gray.
UN-MIS-TaK'A-BLE, a. That cannot be mistaken. [Little
used j
UN-MIS-TaK'EN, a. Not mistaken ; sure. Trumbull.
UN-MIS- TRUST'TNG, a. Not mistrusting ; unsuspicious.
UN-MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. Not capable of being mitigated.
UN-MIT'I-GA-TED, a. Not mitigated; not lessened; not
softened in severity or harshness. Shak.
UN-MIX'ED, ) a. 1. Not mixed ; not mingled ; pure ; un-
UN-MIXT', \ adulterated; unvitiated by foreign admix-
ture._ 2. Pure ; unalloyed.
UN-MoAN'ED, a. Not lamented. Shak.
UN-MOD'I-Fi-A-BLE, a. That cannot be modified or al-
tered in form ; that cannot be reduced to a more accept-
able or desired form.
UN-MOD'I-FiED, a. Not modified ; not altered in form ;
not qualified in meaning.
UN-Mo'DISH, a. Not modish ; not according to custwn
UN-MOIST', a. Not moist ; not humid ; dry. Philips.
UN-MOIST'ENED, a. Not made moist or humid.
UN-MoLD', V. t. To change the form ; to reduce from any
form.
UN-HoLD'ED, pp. 1. Not changed in form. 2. a. Not
molded ; not shaped or formed.
UN-MO-LEST'ED, a. Not molested ; not disturbed ; free
from disturbance. Pope.
UN-M6N'EYED, a. Not having money. Shenstone.
t UN-MO-NOP'O-LiZE, v. t. To recover from being mo-
nopolized.
t UN-MO-NOP'0-LlZED, a. Not monopolized.
UN-MOOR', V. t I. In sea language, to bring to the state
of riding with a single anchoi, after having been moored
by two or more cables. 2. To loose from anchorage.
UN-MOOR'ED, pp. Loosed from anchorage, or brought to
ride with a single anchor.
UN-MOOR'ING, ppr. Loosing from anchorage, or bringing
to ride with a single anchor.
UN-MOR'AL-iZED, a. Untutored by morality ; not con-
formed to good morals. JVorris.
UN-MORT'GAGED, a. [See Mortgage.] Not mortgaged ;
not pledged. Addison. Dryden.
UN-MOR'TI-FlED, a. 1. Not mortified ; not shamed. 2
Not subdued by sorrow.
UN-MOUNT'ED, a. Not mounted.
UN-MoURN'ED, a. Not lamented. Rogers.
UN-M5V'A-BLE, a. That cannot be moved ; firm ; fixed.
UN-M5V'A-BLY, adv. Unalterably. Ellis.
UN-MOVED, a. 1. Not moved ; not transferred from one
place to another. 2. Not changed in purpose ; unshaken ;
firm. 3. Not affected ; not having the passions excited ;
not touched or impressed. 4. Not altered by passion or
emotion.
UN-M5V'ING, a. 1. Having no motion. 2. Not exciting
emotion ; having no power to affect the passions.
UN-MUF'FLE, v. t. 1. To take a covering from the face.
Milton. 2. To remove the muflaing of a drum.
UN-MUR'MURED, a. Not murmured at. Beaumont.
UN-MUR'MUR-ING, a. Not murmuring; not complain-
ing. _
UN-MuiSI-CAL, a. 1. Not musical; not harmonious or
melodious. 2. Harsh ; not pleasing to the ear.
UN-Mu'TI-LA-TED, a. Not mutilated ; not deprived of a
member or part ; entire.
UN-MUZ'ZLE, V. t. To loose from a muzzle. Shak.
UN-NaM'ED, a. Not named ; not mentioned. Milton.
UN-Na'TiVE, a. Not native ; not natural ; forced,
UN-NAT'U-RAL, a. I. Contrary to the laws of nature;
contrary to the natural feelings. 2. Acting without the
affections of our common nature. 3. Not in conformity
to nature ; not agreeable to the real state of persons or
things ; not representing nature,
UN-NAT'U-RAL-IZE, v. t. To divest of natural feelings.
UN-NAT'U-RAL-lZED, pp. 1. Divested of natural feel-
ings. 2. a. Not naturalized ; not made a citizen by au-
thority.
UN-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. In opposition to natural feelings
and sentiments. Tillotson.
UN-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. Contrariety to nature.
UN-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. Not navigable.
UN-NAV'I-GA-TED, a. Not navigated ; not passed over in
ships or other vessels. Coolers Voyages.
UN-NEC'ES-SA-RI-LY, adv. Without necessity; need-
lessly. Hooker.
UN-NEC'ES-SA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being unneces-
sary ; needlessness.
UN-NEC'ES-SA-RY, a. Not necessary ; needless ; not re-
quired by the circumstances of the case ; useless.
UN-NE-CES'SI-TA-TED, a. Not required by necessity,
UN-NEED'FUL, a. Not needful; not wanted ; needless
UN-NEIGH'BOR-LY, a. Not suitable to the duties of a
neighbor ; not becoming persons living near each other ;
not kind and friendly.
UN-NEIGH'BOR-LY, adv. In a manner not suitable to a
neighbor ; in a manner contrary to the kindness which
should subsist among neighbors.
t UN-NERVATE, a. Not strong ; feeble. Broome.
UN-NERVE', (un-nerv') v. t. To deprive of nerve, force or
strength ; to weaken ; to enfeeble. Addison.
UN-NERVED, ;)p. 1. Deprived of strength. 2. c.Weak-
feeble.
•*«Svnop«s, A, e, I, e, U, Y, Jon^.— FAR, FALL, WHi^T i-i-PREY 5— PIN MARl E, BtRD;— i Obsolete.
UNO
885
UNP
* UN-NeTH', ) adv. Scarcely : hardly. [See Uneath.]
T UN-NeTHES', ] Spenser.
UN-NEu'TRAL, a. Not neutral ; not uninterested.
UN-No'BLE, a. Not noble ; ignoble ; mean. Shak.
UN-NoT'ED, a. L Not noted ; not observed j not heeded j
not regarded. Pope. 2. Not honored.
1;N-No'TICED, a. 1. Not observed; not regarded. 2.
Not treated with the usual marks of respect ; not kindly
and hospitably entertained.
UN-NUM'BERED, a. Not numbered ; innumerable ; in-
definitely numerous. Prior.
UN-NUR'TURED, a. Not nurtured ; not educated
UN-O-BEY ED, a. Not obeyed. MUton.
UN-OB-JE€T'ED, a. Not objected ; not charged as a fault
or error. Atterbury.
FJN-OB-JE€'TION-A-BLE, a. Not liable to objection ; that
need not be condemned as faulty, false or improper.
UN-OB-JE€'TION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not liable to
objection.
UN-OB-NOX'IOUS, a. Not liable 5 not exposed to harm.
UN-OB-S€uR'ED, a. Not obscurea ; not darkened.
UN-OB-SE'aUI-OUS, a. Not obsequious ; not servilely
submissive.
UN-OB-Se'QUI-OUS-LY, adv. Not with servile submis-
siveness.
UN-OB-SEaUI-OUS-NESS, n. Want of servile submis-
siveness or compliance 5 incompliance.
UN-OB-SERV'A-BLE, a That is not observable ; not dis-
coverable. Boyle.
UN-OB-SERV'ANCE, n. Want of observation ; inatten-
tion ; regardlessness. Whitlock.
UN-OB-SERV'ANT, a. 1. Not observant ; not attentive ;
heedless. Olanville. 2. Not obsequious.
UN-OB-SERV'BD, a. Not observed 3 not noticed ; not
seen; not regarded ; not heeded. Bacon.
UN-OB-SERV'ING, a. Not observing; inattentive ; heed-
UN-OB-STRU€T'ED, a. 1. Not obstructed ; not filled with
impediments. 2. Not hindered ; not stopped.
UN-OB-STRU€T'IVE, a. Not presenting any obstacle.
UN-OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be obtained; not
within reach or power.
UN-OB-TaIN'ED, a. Not obtained ; not gained ; not ac-
quired. Hooker.
UN-OB-TRu'SIVE, a. Not obtrusive ; not forward ;
modest.
UN-OB'VI-OUS, a. Not obvious ; not readily occurring to
the view or the understanding. Boyle.
UN-0€'€U-PlED, ffi. 1. Not occupied ; not •possessed. 2.
Not engaged in business ; being at leisure 3. Not em-
ployed or taken up.
UN-OF-FEND'ED, a. Not offended ; not having taken of-
UN-OF-FEND'ING, a. 1. Not offending; not giving of-
fense. 2. Not sinning ; free from sin or fault. 3. Harm-
less ; innocent.
UN-OF-FENS'IVE, a. Not oflTensive ; harmless.
UN-OF'FERED, a. Not offered; not proposed to accept-
ance. Clarendon.
UN-OF-Fi"CIAL, a. 1. Not official; not pertaining to
office. 2. Not proceeding from the proper officer or from
due authority.
UN-OF-Fi"CIAL-LY, adv. Not oflacially; not in the
course of official duty.
t UN-OF'TEN, adv. Rarely.
UN-OIL', V. t. To free from oil. Dryden.
UN-OIL'ED, pp. 1. Freed from oil. 2. a. Not oiled ; free
from oil.
UN-o'PENED, a. Not opened ; remaining fast, close, shut
or sealed. Chesterfield.
UN-6'PEN-ING, a. Not opening. Pope.
LTN-OP'ER-A-TiVE, a. Not operative ; producing no ef-
fect,
UN-OP-PoS'ED, a. Not opposed ; not resisted ; not meet-
ing with any obstruction.
UN-OP-PRESS'ED, a. Not oppressed; not unduly bur-
dened.
UN-OR'DER-LY, a. Not orderly ; disordered ; irregular.
t UN-OR'DI-NA-RY, a. Not ordinary ; not common.
UN-OR'GAN-lZED, a. Not organized ; not having organic
structure or vessels for the preparation, secretion ani
distribution of nourishment, &c.
UN-O-RIG'IN-AL, a. 1. Not original ; derived. 2. Having
no birth ; ung^nerated. Milton.
UN-O-RIG'IN-A-TED, a. Not originated ; having no birth
or creation. Stephens.
UN-OR-NA-MENT'AL, a. Not ornamental. West.
UN-OR'NA-MENT-ED, a. Not ornamented ; not adorned.
UN-OR'THO-DOX, a. Not orthodox ; not holding the gen-
uine doctrines of the Scriptures. Decay of Piety.
UN-OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS, a. 1. Not ostentatious ; not boast-
ful ; not making show and parade ; modest. 2. Not
glaring: not showy.
UN-oW'ED, a. Not owed ; not due.
UN-oWN'ED, a. 1. Not owned ; having no known owner,
not claimed, 2, Not avowed ; not acknowledged as oae's
own ; not admitted as done by one's self,
UN-OX'Y-GEN-A-TED, ) a. Not having oxygen in combi
UN-OX'Y-GEN-IZED, \ nation,
UN-PA-CIF'I€, a. Not pacific ; not disposed to peace ; no
of a peaceable disposition. Warton.
UN-PAC'I-FlED, a. Not pacified ; not appeased,
UN-PA€K', V. t. 1. To open, as things packed, 2, To dis-
burden ; {little used.} Shak.
UN-PA€K'£D, pp. 1, Opened, as goods. 2. a. Not pack-
ed ; not collected by unlawful artifices. Hudibras.
UN-PA€K'ING, ppr. Opening, as a package.
UN-PaID', a. 1. Not paid ; not discharged ; as a deb
2, Not having received what is due ; as, unpaid workmen
Pope. — Unpaid for, not paid for ; taken on credit,
UN-PaIN'ED, a. Not pained ; sufTenng no pain, Milton
UN-PaIN'FUL, a. Not painful ; giving no pain. Locke
UN-PAL' A-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not palatable ; disgusting to the
taste, 2. Not such as to be relished ; disagreeable
UN-PALL'ED, a. Not deadened.
UN-PAN'0-PLIED, a. Destitute of panoply. Pollok.
UN-PAR' A-DlSE, v. t. To deprive of happiness like that
of paradise ; to render unhappy. Young.
UN-PAR'A-GONED, a. Unequaled ; unmatched.
UN-PAR'AL-LELED, a. Having no parallel or equal ; un
equaled ; unmatched. Addison.
UN-PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. Not to be forgiven ; that cannot
be pardoned or remitted, Rosers.
UN-PAR'DON-A-BLY, adv. TBeyond forgiveness. Atter
bury.
UN-PAR'DONED, a. 1, Not pardoned ; not forgiven. Rog-
ers. 2. Not having received a legal pardon.
UN-PAR'DON-ING, a. Not forgiving; not disposed to par-
don. Dryden.
UN-PAR-LIA-MENT'A-RI-NESS, n. Contrariety to the
rules, usages or constitution of parliament.
UN.-PAR-LIA-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Contrary to the usages
or rules of proceeding in parliament. 2. Contrary to the
rules or usages of legislative bodies.
UN-PART'ED, a. Not parted ; not divided ; not separated.
Prior.
t UN-PAR'TIAL, a» Not partial. See Impartial.
t UN-PAR'TIAL-LY, adv. Fairiy ; impartially.
UN-PASS' A-BLE, a. I. Not admitting persons to pass ; im-
passable. 2. Not current ; not received in common pay
merits.
t UN-PAS'SION-ATE, )a. Calm; free from passion;
t UN-PAS'SION-A-TED, \ impartial.
fUN-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, ai«. Without passion ; calmly
UN-PA3'T0R-AL, a. Not pastoral ; not suitable to pastoral
manners. Warton.
UN-PAT'ENT-ED, a. Not granted by patent. Crunch.
UN-PATH'ED, a, 1, Unmarked by passage ; not trodden
Shak. 2, Not being beaten into a path; as, unpathed
snow,
UN-PA-THET'I€, a. Not pathetic ; not adapted to move
the passions or excite emotion. Warton.
UN-PAT'RON-lZED, a. Not having a patron ; not sup-
ported by friends. Johnson.
UN-PAT'TERNJEDj a. Having no equal. Beaumont.
UN-PaVED, a. Not paved ; not covered with stone.
UN-PAWNED, a. Not pawned ; not pledged. Pope.
t UN-Pa Y', V. t. 1. To undo. Shak. 2. Not to pay or com-
pensate.
UN-Pe ACE' A-BLE, a. Not peaceable ; quarrelsome.
UN-PeACE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Unquietness ; quarrelsome-
ness_.
UN-PeACE'FUL, a. Not pacific or peaceful ; unquiet.
UN-PED'I-GREED, a. Not distinguished by a pedigree.
UN-PEG', V. t. 1. To loose from pegs ; to open. 2. To pull
out the peg from.
UN-PELT'ED, a. Not pelted ; not assailed with stones.
UN-PEN', V. t. To let out or suffer to escape by breakhig a
dam^ or opening a pen, Blackstone.
UN-Pe'NAL, a. Not penal ; not subject to a penalty
UN-PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. Not to be penetrated.
t UN-PEN'I-TENT, a. Not penitent.
UN-PEN'NED, pp. Unfastened ; let out.
UN-PEN'NING, ppr. Suffering to escape ; unlocking.
UN-PEN'SIONED, a. 1. Not pensioned ; not rewarded by
a pension. 2. Not kept in pay ; not held in dependence
by apension.
UN-PeO'PLE, v. t. To deprive of inhabitants ; to depopu-
late j^ to dispeople. Dryden.
UN-PeO'PLED, pp. Depopulated ; dispeopled.
UN-PeO'PLING, ppr. Depopulating.
UN-PER-CeIV A-BLE, a. Not to be perceived.
UN-PER-CeIV'ED, a. Not perceived ; not heeded; not ob-
served ; not noticed. Milton.
UN-PER-CeIV'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be perceived.
t UN-PER'FE€T, a. Not perfect ; not complete.
UN-PER'FECT-ED, a. Not perfected ; not completed.
UN-PER'FECT-LY, adv. Imperfectly. Hales.
See Sijnop.n.f. M5VE , BOOK Do VE ;— BIJLL, UNTTE,—€ as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; C5H as SH , TH as in t*t.« , f Obsolete
UNP
886
UNP
1 UN-PER'FE€T-NESS, m. Want of perfectness; incom-
pleteness.
UN-PER'FO-RA-TED, a. Not perforated ; not penetrated
by openings.
UN-PER-FORM ED, a. 1. Not performed ; not done ; not
executed. 2. Not fulfilled. Taylor.
UN-PER-FORM'ING, a. Not performing. Dryden.
I UN-PER'ISH-A-BLE, a Not perishable ; not subject to
decay.
t UN-PER'ISH-ED, a. Not violated 5 not destroyed. Sir T.
Elyot.
UN-PER'ISH-ING, a. Not perishing ; durable.
UN-PER'MA-NENT, a. Not permanent ; not durable.
UN-PER'JURED, a. Free from the crime of perjury
Dryden.
UN-PER-PLEX', V. t. To free from perplexity. Donne.
CJN-PER-PLEX'ED, a. I. Not perplexed; not harassed;
not embarrassed. 2. Free from perplexity or complica-
tion ; simple.
UN-PER'SPI-RA-BLE, [See * Perspirable.] a. That can-
not be perspired, or emitted through the pores of the skin.
j^rbuthnot.
UN-PER-SUa'DA-BLE, a. That cannot be persuaded, or
influenced by motives urged. Sidney.
UN-PER-VERT'ED, a. Not perverted; not vi^rested or
turned to a w^rong sense or use.
UN-PET'RT-FlED, a. Not petrified; not converted into
stone.
UN-PHIL-O-SOPH'ie, I a. Not according to the rules
UN-PHIL-O-SOPH'I-eAL, \ or principles of sound phi-
losophy ; contrary to philosophy.
UN-PHIL-0-SOPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary
to the principles of sound philosophy or right reason.
UN-PHIL-0-SOPH'I-€AL-NESS, n. Incongruity with phi-
losophy. JVorris.
UN-PfII-LOS'0-PHiZE, V. t. To degrade from the charac-
ter of a philosopher. Pope.
UN-PHI-LOS'0-PHiZED, -pp. or a. 1. Degraded from the
rank of a philosopl *•. 2. Not sophisticated or perverted
by philosophy.
tUN-PHYS'I€KED, c Not influenced by medicine; not
physicked. Howell.
UN-PIERCED, (un-persc') a. Not pierced ; not penetrated.
Oav.
UN-PIL'LARED, a. Deprived of pillars. Pope.
UN-PIL'LoWED, a. Having no pillow; having the head
not supported. Milton.
UN-PIN', V. t. To loose from pins ; to unfasten what is
held together by pins.
UN-PINK'ED, a. Not pinked ; not marked or set with eye-
let holes. Shak.
UN-PIT'IED, a. Not pitied ; not compassionated ; not re-
garded with sympathetic sorrow. Pope.
UN'PIT'l-FUL, a. 1. Having no pity. 2. Not exciting
pity.
UN-PIT'I-FUL-LY, adv. Unmercifully ; without mercy.
UN-PIT'Y-IN(!J, a. Having no pity ; showing no compassion.
t UN-PLa'€A-BLE, a. Not to be appeased.
UN-PLa'CED, a. Having no office or employment under
the government. Pope
UN-PLaGU'ED, a. Not plagued ; not harassed.
UN-PLANT'ED, a. Not planted ; of spontaneous growth.
UN-PLAS'TERED, a. Not plastered.
UN-PLAUS'I-BLE, a. Not plausible ; not having a fair ap-
pearaiice. Milton.
UN-PLAUS'I-BLY, adv. Not with a fair appearance.
UN-PLAUS'IVE, a. Not approving ; not applauding.
UN-PLeAD'A-BLE, a. That cannot be pleaded.
UN-PLEAS'ANT, a. Not pleasant ; not affording pleasure ;
disagreeable. Hooker.
UN-PLEAS'ANT-LY, (un-plez'ant-ly) adv. In a manner
not pleasing ; uneasily. Pope.
JN-PLE AS'ANT-NESS, (un-plez'ant-nes) n. Disagreeable-
ness ;_the state or quality of not giving pleasure. Hooker.
UN-PLeAS'ED, a. Not pleased ; displeased. Dryden.
UN-PLeAS'ING, a. Offensive ; disgusting. Dryden.
UN-PLeAS'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to displease.
UN-PLeA?'ING-NESS, n. Want of qualities to please.
fUN-PLEAS'IVE, a. Not pleasing. Bp. Hall.
UN-PLEDG'ED, a. Not pledged ; not mortgaged.
UN-PLi'A-BLE, a. Not pliable ; not easily bent.
UN-PLI'ANT, a. 1. Not pliant; not easily bent; stiff.
WoHon. 2. Not readilv yielding the will ; not compliant.
UN-PLOUGH ED, a. Not ploughed. Mortimer.
TJN-PLuME . V. t. To strip of plumes ; to degrade. Olan.
UN-PLuM'ED, pp. or a. Deprived of plumes ; destitute of
plumes,
UN-PLUN'DERED, a. Not plundered or stripped.
UN-PO-ET'I€, \a. I. Not poetical; not having the
C^N-PO-ET'I-€AL, ) beauties of verse. 2. Not becoming
a poet.
UN-P0-ET'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1 In a manner not comport-
ing with the nature of poetry. 2. In a manner unbe-
coming a poet.
UN-POINT'ED, a. 1. Having no point or sting, 2 Not
having marks by which to distinguish sentences, mem-
bers and clauses in writing. 3. Not having the vowe'
points or marks.
UN-POIS'ON, V. t. To remove or expel poison. South
UN-POlS'EDj^a. Not poised ; not balanced. Thomson.
UN-Po'LAR-lZED, a. Not polarized ; not having polarity,
UN-POL'I-CIED, a. Not having oivil polity, or a regular
form of government.
UN-POL'ISHED, a. 1. Not polished; not made bright by
attrition. 2. Not refined in manners ; uncivilized ; rude ;
plain.
UN-PO-LiTE , a. 1. Not refined in manners ; not elegant.
2. Not civil ; not courteous; rude ; sde Impolite.
UN-PO-LiTE'LY, adv. In an uncivil or rude manner.
UN-PO-LITE'NESS, n. 1. Want of refinement in man-
ners ; rudeness. 2. Incivility ; want of courtesy.
UN-PoLL'ED, a. 1. Not registered as a voter. 2. Unplun-
dered ; noj; stripped. Fanshaw.
UN-POL-L'uT'ED, a. Not polluted; not defiled; not cor-
rupted.
UN-POP'U-LAR, a. 1. Not popular; not having the public
favor. 2. Not pleasing the people.
UN-POP-U-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of not enjoying the
publjc favor, or of not pleasing the people,
UN-PoRT'A-BLE, a. Not to be carried, Raleiffh.
UN-PoR'TIONED, a. Not endowed or furnished with a
portion or fortune.
UN-PoRT'U-OUS, a. Having no ports. Bitrke.
UN-POS-SESS'ED, a. Not possessed ; not held ; not occu-
pied.
UN-POS-SESS'ING, a. Having no possessions. Shak.
fUN-POS'SI-BLE, a. Not possible.
UN-POWDERED, a. Not sprinkled with powder.
t UN-PRA€'TI-€A-BLE, a. That cannot be performed.
UN-PRA€'TlCED, a. 1. Not having been taught by prac-
tice ; not skilled; not having experience; raw; unskill-
ful. 2. Not known ; not familiar by use ; [obs.]
UN-PRaIS'ED, a. Not praised ; not celebrated, Dryden.
UN-PRE-€a'RI-OUS, a. Not dependent on another; not
uncertain. Blackmore.
UN-PREC'E-DENT-ED, a. Having no precedent or exam-
ple ; not preceded by a like case ; not having the authori-
ty of prior example. Swift.
UN-PRE-ClSE', a. Not precise ; not exact. Warton.
UN-PRE-DES'TiNED, a. Not previously determined.
UN-PRE-DI€T', v. t. To retract prediction. Milton.
UN-PRE-FER'RED, a. Not preferred ; not advanced
Collier.
UN-PREG'NANT, a. Not pregnant. 2. Not prolific ; not
quick of wit. Shak.
UN-PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, a. Not prepossessed by settled
opinions. [Little used."] Taylor.
UN-PREJ'U-DlCED, a. 1. Not prejudiced ; free from un-
d ue bias or prepossession ; not preoccupied by opinion ;
impartial. 2. Not warped by prejudice.
UN-PRE J'U-DIC-ED-NESS, n. State of being unprejudiced.
Clarke.
TJN-PRE-LAT'T-€AL, a. Unsuitable to a prelate.
UN-PRE-MED'I-TA-TED, a. 1. Not previously meditated
or prepared in the mind. 2. Not previously purposed or
intended ; not done by design.
UN-PRE-PaR'ED, a. 1. Not prepared ; not ready ; not fit
ted or furnished by previous measures. 2. Not prepared
by holiness of life for the event of death and a happy im-
mortality.
UN-PRE-PaR'ED-N£SS, n. State of being unprepared.
UN-PRE-POS-SESS'ED, a. Not prepossessed; not biased
by previous opinions ; not partial. South.
UN-PRE-POS-SESS'ING, a. Not having a winning ap-
pearance.
UN-PRESS'ED, a. 1. Not pressed. 2. Not enforced.
UN-PRE-SUMP'TU-OUS, a. Not presumptuous; not rash ;
modest; submissive. Cowper.
UN-PRE-TEND'ING, a. Not claiming distinction ; modest.
UN-PRE-VaIL'ING, a. Being of no force ; vain. Shak.
UN-PRE-VENT'ED, a. I, Not prevented ; not hindered
Shak. 2. Not preceded by any thing ; [obs.] Milton.
UN-PRIeST', v. t. To deprive of the orders of a priest.
UN-PRlEST'LY, a. Unsuitable to a priest. Bale.
UN-PRINCE', ^'- t. To deprive of principality or sov-
ereignty. Swift.
UN-PRiNCE'LY, a. Unbecoming a prince ; not resembling
a prince. K. Charles.
UN-PRIN'CI-PLED, a. 1. Not having settled principles.
2. Having no good moral principles ; destitute of virtue ;
not restrained by conscience ; profligate.
UN-PRINT'ED, a. 1. Not printed ; as a literary work. Pope.
2. Not stamped with figures ; white.
UN-PRIS'ONED, a. Set free from confinement,
UN-PRiZ'A-BLE, a. Not valued ; not of estimation,
UN-PRlZ'ED, a. Not valued. Shak.
UN-PRO-€LaIM'ED, a. Not proclaimed ; not notified by
public declaration. Milton.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, "2, loii.ff.~FA.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— Obsolete.
UNP
887
UNR
i)N-PRO-DUe'TIVE, a. 1. Not productive ; barren. Burke.
— 2. More generalhj, not producing Jarge crops ; not ma-
king profitable returns for labor. 3. Not profitable ; not
producing profit or interest, as capital. 4. Not efiicient ;
not producing any eifect.
UN-PR0-DU€'T1VE-NESS, n. The state of being unpro-
ductive, as land, stock, capital, labor, &c.
UN-PRO-FaN'ED, a. Not profaned ; not violated.
UN-PRO-FES'SION-AL, a. 1, Not pertaining to one's pro-
fession 2. Not belonging to a profession.
irN-PRO-Fl"CIEN-CY, n. Want of proficiency or improve-
ment. Hall.
UN-PROF'IT-A-BLE, a. 1. Bringing no profit; producing
no gain beyond the labor, expenses and interest of capi-
tal. 2. Producing no improvement or advantage ; use-
less ; serving no purpose. 3. Not useful to others. 4.
Misimproving talejits ; bringing no glory to God. Matt.
XXV.
UN-PROF'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of producing no
profit or good ; uselessness ; inutility. Addison.
UN-PROF'IT-A-BLY, adv. 1. Without profit; without
clear gain. 2. Without any good effect or advantage ; to
no good purpose.
UN-PROF' [T-ED, a. Not having profit or gain. Shak.
L'N-PRO-HIB'IT-ED, a. Not prohibited ; not forbid ; law-
ful.
UN-PRO-JE€T'ED, a. Not planned ; not projected.
UN-PRO-LIF'ie, a. 1. Not prolific ; barren ; not producing
young or fruit. 2. Not producing in abundance.
UN-PROM'IS-ING, a. Not promising; not aflfording a fa-
vorable prospect of success, of excellence, of profit, &c.
UN-PROMPT'ED, a. 1. Not prompted ; not dictated. 2.
Not excited or instigated.
UN-PR 0-NOUNCE'A-BLE, a. That cannot be pronounced.
UN-PRO-NOUN CED, a. Not pronounced ; not uttered.
UN-PROP', V. t. To remove a prop from; to deprive of
support.
t UN-PROP'ER, a. Not fit or proper.
t UN-PROP'ER-LY, ad^. Unfitly. See Improperly.
UN-PRO-PHET'ie, \a. Not foreseeing or not predict-
UN-PRO-PHET'I-eAL, \ ing future events.
UN-PRO-Pi"TIOUS, a. Not propitious ; not favorable ; not
disposed to promote ; inauspicious. Pope.
UN-PRO-Pl"TIOUS-LY, adv. Unfavorably ; unkindly.
UN-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a Wanting due proportion.
UN-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE, a. Wanting proportion ; dispro-
portionate ; unfit.
UN-PRO-PoR'TIONED, a. Not proportioned ; not suitable.
UN-PRO-PoS'ED, a. Not proposed ; not offered. Dryden.
UN-PROP'PED, a. Not propped ; not supported.
UN-PROS'PER-OUS, a. Not prosperous; not attended
with success ; unfortunate. Pope.
UN-PROS'PER-OUS-LY, adv. Unsuccessfully; unfortu-
nately. Taylor.
UN-PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, n. Want of success ; failure
of the desired result. Hammond.
UN-PROS'TI-TU-TED, a. Not prostituted ; not debased.
UN-PRO-TEeT'ED, a. 1. Not protected ; not defended.
Hooker. 2. Not countenanced ; not supported.
UN-PRO-TRAeT'ED, a. Not protracted ; not drawn out in
length.
UN-PRc5V'ED, a. ]. Not proved ; not known by trial. 2.
Not established as true by argument, or evidence.
UN-PRO- VIDE', V. t. To unfurnish ; to divest or strip of
qualifications. Southern.
UN-PRO-VID'ED, pp. 1. Divested of qualifications. 2. a.
Not provided ; unfurnished ; unsupplied. Dnjden.
t UN-PROV'I-DENT, a. Improvident.
UN-PRO-Vl' SIONED, a. Not furnished with provisions.
tJN-PRO-VoK'ED, a. ]. Not provoked; not incited. 2.
Not proceeding from provocation or just cause.
UN-PRO-VoKTNG, a. Giving no provocation or offense.
t UN-PRU-DEN'TIAL, a. Imprudent. Milton.
UN-PRUN'ED, a. Not pruned ; not lopped. Shak.
UN-PUB'LI€, a. Not public ; private ; not generally seen
or known. Taylor.
UN-PUB'LlSHEiD, a. 1. Not made public ; secret ; private.
2. Not published, as a manuscript or book. Pope.
UN-PUN€T'U-AL, a. Not punctual ; not exact in lime.
UN-PUN€T-U-AL'I-TY, n. Want of punctuality.
UN-PUN€T'U-A-TED, a. Not punctuated ; not pointed.
UN-PUN'ISHED, a Not punished ; suffered to pass with-
out punishment or with impunity. Dryden.
UN-PUN'ISH-ING, a. Not punishing.
UN-PUR'CHASED, a. Not purchased ; not bought.
t UN-PtJRE', a. Not pure; impure. See Impure.
UN-PUR'6ED, a. Not purged ; unpurified. Milton.
UN-Pu'RI-FlED, a. 1. Not purified ; not freed from foul
matter. 2. Not cleansed from sin ; unsanctified.
UN-PUR'POSED, a. Not intended ; not designed.
UN-PURS'ED, a. Robbed of a purse. Pollok.
UN-PUR-Su'ED, a. Not pursued ; not followed ; not pros-
ecuted. Milton.
UN-Pu TRE-FiED, a. Not putrefied ; not corrupted
UN-aUAFF'ED, a. Not quaffed ; not drank. Byron.
UN-aUAL'I-FlED, a. 1. Not qualified ; not fit ; not having
the requisite talents, abilities, or accomplishments. 2
Not having taken the requisite oath or oaths. 3. Not
modified or restricted by conditions or exceptions.
t UN-aUAL'I-FY, V. t. To divest of qualifications.
t UN-aUAL'I-TiED, a. Deprived of the usual faculties
t UN-dUAR'REL-A-BLE, a. That cannot be impugne.i.
UN-aUEEN', V. t. To divest of the dignity of queen.
UN-CIUELL'ED, a. Not quelled ; not subdued. Thomson.
UN-aUENCH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be quenched ; that
will never be extinguished ; inextinguishable.
UN-aUENCH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of be-
ing inextinguishable. Hakewill.
UN-QUENCH'A-BLY, anlv. In a manner or degree so as
not to be quenched.
UN-aUENCH'ED, a. Not extinguished. Bacon.
UN-CIUES'TION-A-BLE, a. Not to be questioned ; not to
be doubted ; indubitable ; certain. Addison.
UN-QUES'TION-A-BLY, ado. Without doubt; indubi
tably.
UN-aUES'TIONED, a. 1. Not called in question ; not
doubted. 2. Not interrogated ; having no questions asked ,
not examined. 3. Indisputable ; not to be opposed.
UN-aUES'TION-ING, a. Not calling in question; not
doubting ; unhesitating. J. M. Mason.
UN-O.UI€K', a. 1. Not quick; slow. 2. Not alive; mo
tionless ; [obs.]
UN-aUieK'ENED, a. Not animated ; not matured to vi
tality._
UN-dUl'ET, a. 1. Not quiet ; not calm or tranquil ; rest-
less ; uneasy. 2. Agitated ; disturbed by continual
motion. 3. tFnsatisfied ; restless,
t UN-Q,Ul'ET, V. t. To disquiet. Herbert.
UN-GlUl'ET-LY, adv. In an unquiet state ; without rest ,
in an agitated state. Shak.
UN-aUl'ET-NESS, n. 1. Want of quiet ; want of tranquil-
lity ; restlessness ; uneasiness. 2. Want of peace as of
a nation. 3. Turbulence ; disposition to make trouble or
excite djsturbance.
t \JN-Q.Ul'E-TUDE, n. Uneasiness ; restlessness.
UN-RA€K'ED, a. Not racked ; not poured from the lees
UN-RaK'ED, a. 1. Not raked. 2. Not raked together ; not
raked up, as fire. Shak.
UN-RAN'SA€KED, a. Not ransacked; not searched. 2
Not pillaged. Knolles.
UN-RAN'S6MED, a. Not ransomed ; not liberated from
captivity or bondage by payment for liberty.
UN-RASH', a. Not rash ; not presumptuous. Clarendon.
UN-RAVEL, V. t. 1. To disentangle; to disengage or
separate threads that are knit. 2. To free ; to clear from
complication or difficulty. 3. To separate connected or
united parts ; to throw into disorder. 4. To unfold, as
the plot or intrigue of a play.
UN-RAVEL, V. i. To be unfolded ; to be disentangled.
UN-RAVEL-MENT, n. The development of the plot in p
play.
LTN-Ra'ZORED, a. Unshaven. Milton.
UN-ReACH'ED, a. Not reached ; not attained to.
UN-READ', (un-red') a. 1. Not read ; not recited ; not pe-
rused. Dryden. 2. Untaught ; not learned in books.
Dryden.
UN-READ'I-NESS, (un-red'e-nes) n. 1. Want of readiness ,
want ofpromptness or dexterity. 2. Want of preparation.
UN-READ'Y, (un-red'y) a. 1. Not ready; r)ot prepared;
not fit. 2. Not prompt ; not quick. 3. Awkward ; un-
gainly.
UN-Rfi'AL, a. Not real ; not substantial ; having appear
ance only. Milton.
UN-RE-AL'I-TY, n. Want of reality or real existence,
UN-ReAP'ED, a. Not reaped ; as, unreaped wheat.
UN-ReAS'ON-A-BLE, a. 1. Not agreeable to reason. S
Exceeding the bounds of reason ; claiming or insisting on
more than is fit. 3. Immoderate; exorbitant 4- Irra-
tional.
UN-RE AS'ON-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Inconsistency with
reason. 2. Exorbitance ; excess of demand, claim, pas-
sion jind the like.
UN-ReAS'ON-A-BLY, adv. I. In a manner contrary tc
reason. 2. Excessively ; immoderately ; more than
enough.
UN-ReAS'ONED, a. Not reasoned. Burke.
UN-ReAVE', v. t. 1. To unwind ; to disentangle ; to loose;
2. Not to rive ; not to tear asunder ; not to unroof; [obs.]
UN-RE-BaT'ED, a. Not blunted. Hakewill.
UN-RE-BuK'A-BLE, a. Not deserving rebuke ; not obnox-
ious to censure. 1 Tim. vi.
UN-RE-CeIVED, a. 1. Not received ; not taken. 2. Not
come into possession. 3. Not adopted ; not embraced.
UN-RE€K'ONED, a Not reckoned or enumerated.
UN-RE-€LaIM'A^BLE, a. That cannot be reclaimed, re-
formed or domesticated.
UN-RE-€LaIM'ED, a. 1. Not reclaimed ; not brought to a
• See Synopsis MOVE BOOK, D6VE -.—BULL. UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; Ctt as SH ; TH as in this Obsolete
UNR
888
UNK
domestic state ; not tamed. 2. Not reformed ; uot called
back from vice to virtue
UN-RE€ OM-PENSED, a Not recompensed j not re-
warded.
UN-RE-€ON-ClL'A-BLE, a. 1. Tliat cannot be reconciled ;
that cannot be made consistent with. 2. Not reconcila-
ble ; not capable of being appeased ; implacable. 3. That
c-annot be persuaded to lay aside enmity or opposition,
and to become friendly or favorable.
UN-REe-ON-CiLED, a. 1. Not reconciled ,; not made con-
sistent. 2. Not appeased ; not having become favorable.
— 3. In a theological sense, not having laid aside opposi-
tion and enmity to God.
UN-RE-€ORD'ED, a. 1. Not recorded ; not registered. 2.
Not kept in remembrance by public monuments.
UN-RE-eOUNT ED, a. Not recounted ; not told ; not re-
lated or recited. Shak.
UN-RE-€6V'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be recovered ;
past recovery. 2. That cannot be regained.
UN-RE-€6V'ERED, a. 1. Not recovered ; not recalled
into possession ; not regained. 2. Not restored to
health.
t UN-RE-€RuIT'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be recruited.
2. Incapable of recruiting. Milton.
UN-RE€ TI-FlED, a. Not rectified ; not correcte'il.
tUN-RE-€uRING, a. That cannot be cured. Shak.
UN-RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. That cannot be redeemed.
UN-RE-DEEMED, a. 1. Not redeemed j not ransomed.
2. Not paid ; not recalled into the treasury or bank by
payment of the value iu money.
UN-RE-DRESS'ED, a. I. Not redressed ; not relieved from
injustice^ 2. Not removed ; not reformed.
UN-RE-Du CED, a. Not reduced; not lessened in size,
quantitv or amount.
UN-RE-Du'CI-BLE, a. Not capable of reduction, .^sh.
UN-RE-Dtj CI-BLE-NESS, ?i. The quality of not being ca-
pable of reduction. South.
UN-REE YE', (un-reev') v. t. To withdraw or take out a
rope from a block, thimble, &;c. See Unreave.
UN-RE-FiN'ED, a. 1. Not refined ; not purified ; as, unre-
fined sugar. 2. Not refined or polished in manners.
UN-RE-FORM' A-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of being put into
a new form. 2. That cannot be reformed or amended.
UN-RE-FORM'ED, a. 1. A"ot reformed ; not reclaimed from
vice. 2. Not amended ; not corrected. 3. Not reduced
to tmth and regularity ; not freed from error.
UN-RE-FRA€T ED, a. Not refracted, as rays of light.
UN-RE-FRESH ED, a. Not refreshed ; not relieved from
fatigue ; not cheered.
UN-RE-FRESH'ING, a. Not refreshing ; not invigorating ;
not cooling ; not relieving from depression or toil.
UN-RE-GaRD'ED, a. Not regarded ; not heeded ; not no-
ticed ; neglected ; slighted. Swift.
UN-RE-GARD'FUL, a. Not giving attention; heedless;
negligent.
UN-RE-'5;EN'ER-A-CY, n. State of being unregenerate.
UN-RE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. Not regenerated ; not renewed
in heart : remaining at enmity with God. Stephens.
UN-REG I'S-TERED, a. Not registered ; not recorded.
UN-REG'U-LA-TED, a. Not regulated ; not reduced to
order.
UN-REIN'ED, a. Not restrained by the bridle. Mlton.
UN-RE-JOI'CING, a. Unjoyous ; gloomy; sad. Thomson.
UN-RE-LaT'ED, a. 1. Not related by blood or afiinity. 2.
Having no connection with.
UN-REL A-TiVE, a. Not relative ; not relating ; having
no relation to. Chesterfield.
UN-REL' A-TiVE-LY, adv. Without relation to. [L. «.]
UN-RE I.ENT'ING, a. 1. Not relenting; having no pity ;
hard ; cruel. 2. Not yielding to pity. 3. Not yielding to
circumstances ; inflexibly rigid.
UN-RE-LIeV'A-BLE, a. Ad^mitting no relief or succor.
Boyle _
UN-RE-LIeVED, a. 1. Not relieved ; not eased or deliv-
ered from pain. 2. Not succored ; not delivered from
confinement or distress. 3. Not released from duty.
UN-RE-MaRK'A-BLE, a. 1. Not remarkable ; not worthy
of particular notice. 2. Not capable of beins observed.
UN-RE-MaRK ED, a. Not remarked; unobserved. Mel-
moth. _
UN-RE-MeDI- A-BLE, a. [See Remediable.] That can-
not be cured : admitting no remedy. Sidner/.
UN-REM'E-DlED, n. Not cured ; not remedied. Milton.
UX-RE-MEMBERED, a. Not remembered ; not retained in
the mind : not recollected. Wotton.
l)N-RE-MEMBER-ING, a. Having no memory. Drydcn.
t UN-RE-3IEM BRANCE, n. Want of remembrance.
UN-RE MIT'TE'^, «. 1. Not remitted ; not forgiven. 2.
Not having a temporary relaxation. 3. Not relaxed ; not
abated.
UN-RE-MIT'TING, a. Not abating; not relaxing for a
time ; incessant : continued.
UN-RE-MIT TING -LY, adv. Without abatement.
UN-RE-MOV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be removed ; fixed
UN-RE-5I0V'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being
fixed and uot capable of being removed. Hall.
UN-RE-M(3V'A-BjjY, adv. In a manner that admits of no
removal. Shak.
UN-RE-M5V'ED, a. 1. Not removed ; not taken away. 2
Not capable of being removed. Milton.
UN-RE-NEWED, a. 1. Not made anew. 2. Not regen-
erated ; jiot born of the Spirit ; as, a heart unrenewed.
UN-RE-PaID', a. Not repaid : not compensated.
UN-RE-PeAL'ED, a. Not repealed ; not revoked or abro-
gated ; remaining in force.
UN-RE-PENT^ANCE, ?;. State of being impenitent. [L.u.]
UN-RE- PENT'ANT, or UN-RE-PENT'ING, a. Not repent-
ing ; not penitent ; uot contrite for sin. Dryden.
UN-RE-PENT'ED, a. Not repented of. Hooker
UN-RE-PIN'ING, a. Not repining ; not peevishly murmur-
ing or complaining. Roue.
UN-RE-PiN'ING-LY, adv. Without peevish complaints,
UN-RE-PLEN'ISHED, a. Not replenished ; not filled ; not
adequatelv supplied. Boyle.
UN-RE-PoS ED, a. Not reposed.
UN-REP-RE-SENT'ED, a. Not represented; having no one
to act in one's stead
UN-RE-PRIeT' A-BLE, a. That cannot be reprieved or
respited from death.
UN-RE- PRIeV'ED, a. Not reprieved ; not respited.
UN-RE-PRoACH ED, a. Not upbraided ; not reproached.
UN-RE-PR5V'A-BLE, a. Not deserving reproof; that can-
not be justly censured. Col.i.
UN-RE-PRoV'ED, a. 1. Not reproved; not censured.
Sandys. 2. Not liable to reproof or blame. Milton.
UN-RE-PUG'NANT, a. Not repugnant ; not opposite.
Hooker.
UN-REP'U-TA-BLE, a. Not reputable.
UN-RE-QUEST'ED, a. Not requested ; notasked. Knolles,
UN-RE-aUIT'A-BLE, a. Not to be retaliated.
UN-RE-QLlT'ED, a. Not requited ; not recompensed.
UN-RES €UED, a. Not rescued ; not delivered. Pollok.
UN-RE-SENT'ED, a. Not resented; not regarded with
anger.
UN-RE-SERVE', n. Absence of reserve ; frankness ; free-
dom of communication. Warton.
UN-RE-SERV'ED, a. 1. Not reserved ; not retained when
a part is granted. 2. Not limited ; not withheld in part ;
f-^.l ; entire. 3. Open ; frank ; concealing or withholding
i,;thing ; free.
UN-RE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. 1. Without limitation or res-
ervation. 2. With open disclosure ; frankly ; without
concealment.
UN-RE-SERV'ED-NESS, n. Frankness ; openness ; free-
dom of communication ; unlimitedness. Pope.
UN-RE-SIST'ED, a. 1. Not resisted ; not opposed. 2. Re-
sistless ; such as cannot be successfully opposed. Pope.
UN-RE-SIST'I-BLE, a. Irresistible. Temple.
UN-RE-SIST ING, a. 1. Not making resistance ; yielding
to ph vsicai force or to persuasion. 2. Submissive ; humble.
UN-RE-SIST'ING-LY, adv. Without resistance.
UN-RE-SOLV' A-BLE, a. That cannot be solved or resolved.
UN-RE-SOLV'ED, a. 1. Not resolved; not determined.
Shak. 2. Not solved ; not cleared. Locke.
UN-RE-SOLVIxN^G, <i. Not resolving ; undetermined.
t UN-RE-SPE€T'A-BLE, a. Not respectable. Malone.
UN-RE-SPE€T'ED, a. Not respected ; not regarded wita
respect. Shak.
t UN-RE-SPE€T'IVE, a. Inattentive ; taking little notice
UN-RES'PIT-ED, a. 1. Not respited. 2. Admitting no
pause or intermission. Milton.
UN-RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. 1. Not answerable ; not liable.
2. Not able to answer ; not having the property to respond.
t UN-REST', 7t. Unquietness; uneasiness, Wotton.
UN-REST ING, a. Not resting ; continually in motion.
UN-RE-SToR'ED, a. ]. Not restored ; not having recov
ered health. 2. Not restored to a former place, to favor
or to a former condition.
UN-RE-STRaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be restrained.
UN-RE-STRaINED, a. 1. Not restrained ; not contBolled
not confined ; not hindered. 2. Licentious ; loose. 3.
Not limited.
UN-RE-STRaINT', n. Freedom from restraint.
UN-RE-STRI€T'ED, a. Not restricted ; not limited.
UN-RE-TRA€T'ED, a. Not retracted ;'not recalled.
UN-RE-VeAL'ED, a. Not revealed ; not discovered.
UN-RE- VEN'GED, a. 1. Not revenged. 2. Not vindicated
bv just punishment. Addison,
UN-RE-VEN6E FUL, a. Not disposed to revenge.
UN-REV'E-NUED,' a. Not furnished with a revenue.
UN-REV'ER-END, a. 1. Not reverend. 2. Disrespectful ,
ir;evenent. Shak.
UN-REV ER-ENT, a. Irreverent.
UN-RE V'ER-ENT-LY, adv. Irreverently, which see.
UN-RE-VERS'ED, a. Not reversed ; not annulled by a
counter decision.
UN-RE- ViS'ED, a. Not revised ; not reviewed ; not cei-
rected.
♦ 8u Synopsis A, E, T, O, U, "?, long.—F&.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRfiY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete.
UJNS
889
UJNJS
(TN-KE-VIVED, a. Not revived ; not recalled into life.
j;N-RE-VoK'ED, a. Not revoked ; not recalled ; not an-
nulled. ^Milton.
IJN-RE-WARDED, a. Not rewarded ; not compensated.
UN-RID'DLiE, V. t. 1. To solve or explain. 2. To explain
UN-RIDDLED, pp. Explained ; interpreted.
UN-RID'DLER, n. One who explains an enigma.
UN-RID'DLING, ppr. Solving ; explaining.
(JN-RI-DI€U-LOUS, a. Not ridiculous.
lIN-Rl'FLED, a. Not rifled ; not robbed ; not stripped.
UN-RIG', V. t. To strip of both standing and running rig-
ging.
UX-RIG'GED, pp. Stripped of rigging.
UN-RIG GING, ppr. Stripring of rigging.
t UN-RlGHT , a. Not right ; wrong.
UN-RlGHT'EOUS, (un-ri chus) a. [S^x. unrihtwis.l 1. Not
jighteous ; not just ; not conformed in heart and life to
the divine law ; evil ; wicked. 2. Unjust j contrary to
law and equity.
UN-RIGHT'EOLTS-LY, (un-ri'chus-ly) adv. Unjustly ;
wickedly; sinfullv. Dryden.
UN-iUGHT'EOUS-NESS, (un-rl'chus-nes) n. Injustice ; a
violation of the divine law, or of the plain principles of
justice and equity ; wickedness.
UN-RIGHT FUE, a. Not rightful ; not just. Shak.
UN-RING', V. l. To deprive of a ring or of rings. Hudibras.
1 UN-Rl'OT-ED, a. Free from rioting. May.
UN-RIF, V. t. To rip. [Improper,] Bacon.
UN-RIPE , a. 1. Not ripe j not mature ; not brought to a
state of perfection. 9. Not seasonable ; not yet proper.
3. Npt prepared ; not completed. 4. Too early ; [unusual.]
UN-Rl'PENED, a. Not ripened ; not matured. .Addison.
UN-RiPE NESS, 71 Want of ripeness ; immaturity.
UN-Ri'VALED, a. 1. Having no rival ; having no compet-
itor Pope. 2. Having no equal ; peerless.
UN-RIVET, V. t. To loose from rivets ; to unfasten.
UN-Rn''ET-ED, pp. Loosed from rivets ; unfastened.
UN-RI\''ET-ING, ;)pr. Unfastening; loosing from rivets.
UA'-RoBE', V. t. To strip of a robe ; to undress ; to disrobe.
UN-RoLL', V. t. 1. To open what is rolled or convolved.
2. To displiy. Dryden.
UN^-RoLL ED, pp. Opened, afi a roll ; displayed.
UN-RoLL'ING, ppr. Opening, as a roll ; displaying.
UN-Ro'MAN-lZED, a. Not subjected to Roman arms or
customs. TVkitaker.
UN-RO-^NtANTre, a. Not romantic; not fanciful.
UN-ROOF', V. t. To strip off the roof or covering of a house.
UN-ROOFED, ^j Stripped of the roof.
UN-R00F'ING,7/OT-. Stripping of the roof.
UN-ROOST ED, a. Driven from the roost. Shak.
UN-ROOT', V. t. To tear up by the roots ; to extirpate ; to
eradicate. Drydrn.
UN-ROOT', V. i. To be torn up by the roots.
UN-ROUGH', (un-rufi'') a. Not rough ; unbearded ; smooth.
UN-ROUND ED, a. Not made round. Donne.
UN-ROUT'ED, a. Not routed ; not thrown into disorder.
UN-ROY' AL, a. Not royal ; unprincely. Sidney.
UN-RUF'FLE, v. i. To cease from being ruffled or agitated ;
to subside to smoothness. .Addison.
UN-RUF FLED, a. 1. Calm ; tranquil ; not agitated. Jid-
dison. 2. Not disturbed ; not agitated.
UN-RuL'ED, a. Not ruled ; not governed ; not directed by
superior power or authority. Spenser.
UN-RU'LI-NESS, 71. 1. Disregard of restraint ; licentious-
ness ; turbulence. 2. The disposition ofabea-st to break
overfences and wander from an inclosure.
UN^-Ru LY, a- 1. Disregarding restraint ; licentious , dis-
posed to violate laws; turbulent; ungovernable. 2. Ac-
customed to break over fences and escape from inclosures ;
apt to break or leap fences.
UN-RU'MI-NA-TED, a. Not well chewed ; not well di-
gested. Bolingbroke.
UN-RUM'PLE, V. t. To free from rumples ; to spread or lay
even. £ddison.
UN-SAD'DEN, (un-sad'n) v. t. To relieve from sadness.
UN-SAD'DLE, v. t. To strip of a saddle ; to take the saddle
from.
UN-SAD DLED, pp. I. Divested of the saddla 2. a. Not
saddled ; not having a saddle on
UN-SaFE', a. 1. Not safe ; not free from danger ; exposed
to harm or destruction. Dryden. 2. Hazardous.
UN-SaFE'LY, adv. Not safely ; not without danger; in a
state exposed to loss, liarni or destruction.
UN-SaFE'TY, 7i. Statfe of being unsafe ; exposure to dan-
ger. Bacon.
UN-SAID', (un-sed') a. Not said ; not spoken ; not uttered.
UN-SaINT', v. t. To deprive of saintship. South.
UN-SaINT'ED, p;>. Not sainted.
»JA"-SaL'A-BLE, a. Not salable ; not in demand ; not meet-
ing a ready sale ; as, unsalable goods.
UN-SALT'ED, a. Not salted ; not pickled ; fresh.
UN-SA-LuT ED, a. Not saluted ; not greeted.
UN-SAN€'TI-FiED, a. 1. Not sanctified; unholy. Tho-
dey. 2. Not consecrated.
UN-SAN€VTIONED, a. Not sanctioned 5 not ratified; n
approved ; not authorized. Walsh.
UN-SAN'DALED, a. Not wearing sandals.
UN-SaT'ED, a. Not sated ; not satisfied or satiated.
UN-Sa'TIA-BLE, a. That cannot be satisfied.
tUN-SA'TL-^TE, a. Not satisfied. More.
UN-SAT-IS-FAC'TION, n. Dissatisfaction. Brown.
UN-SAT-IS-FA€'T0-RI-LY, adv. So as not to give satis-
faction.
UN-SAT-IS-FAU TO-RI-NESS, v. The quality or state of
not being satisfactory ; failure to give satisfaction.
UN-SAT-1S-FA€'T0-RY, a. 1. Not giving satisfaction,
not convincing the mind. 2. Not giving content.
UN-SAT'IS-FI-A-BLE, a. That cannot be satisfied. Taylor.
UN-SAT'IS-FlED, a. 1, Not satisfied ; not having enough ;
not filled ; not gratified to the full. 2. Not content ; not
pleased. 3. Not settled in opinion ; not resting in confi-
dence of the truth of any thing. 4. Not convinced or
fuliv persuaded. 5. Not fully paid.
UN-Sx\T'IS-FIED-NESS, n. The state of behig not satis-
fied or content.
UN-SAT'IS-FY-ING, a. Not affording full gratification of
appetite or desire ; not giving content ; not convincing
the mind.
UN-SAT'IS-Ff^-ING-NESS, n. Incapability of gratifying to
the fill. Bp. Taylor.
UN-SAT'U-RA-TED, a. Not saturated ; not supplied to the
full._
UN-SaV'ED, a. Not saved ; not having eternal life. Pollok.
UN-Sa'VOR-I-LY, adv. So as to displease or disgust.
j\rilton.
UN-Sa'VOR-I-NESS, n. A bad taste or smell. Johnson.
UN-Sa'VOR-Y, a. 1. Tasteless; having no taste. 2. Hav-
ing a bad taste or smell. 3. Unpleasing ; disgusting.
UN-SaY', v. i. ; pret. and pp. unsaid. To recant or recall
what has been said ; to retract ; to deny something de-
clared.
UN-S€a'LY, a. Not scaly ; having no scales Gay.
UN-S€AN'NED, a Kol measured ; not computed. Shak.
UN-S€aR ED, a. Not scared ; not frightened away.
UN-S€aR'RED, a. Not m.arked with scars or wounds.
UN-SCATTERED, a. Not scattered ; not dispersed ; not
thrown into confusion.
UN-SCHOL'AR-LY, a. Not suitable to a scholar.
UN-SCHO-LAS'Tie, a. 1. Not bred to literature. Locke
2. Not scholastic.
UN-SCHOOL'ED, a. Not taught; no'^ educated; illiter-
ate. Hunker.
UN-SCl-EN-TIF'I€, a. Not scientific ; not according to the
rules or principles of science.
UN-SCI-EN-1'IF'l-CAL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to
the rules or principles of science.
UN-SCIN TIL-LA-TING, a. Not sparkling ; not emitting
sparks. J. Barloic.
UN-S€ORCH'ED, a. Not scorched ; not affected by fire
Shak.
UN-SCo'RI-FlED, a. Not scorified ; not converted into
dross.
UN-SCOUR'ED, a. Not scoured ; not cleaned by rubbing.
UN-S€RATCH'ED, a. Not scratched ; not torn. Shak.
UN-S€REEN'ED, a. Not screened; not covered ; not shel-
tered ; not protected. Boyle.
UN-SCREW, V. t. To draw the screws from ; to loose
from screws ; to unfasten. Burnet.
UN-SeRE\^''ED, pp. Loosed from screws.
UN-SCREWING, ppr. Drawing the screws from.
UN-SCRIPT'U-RAL, a. Not agreeable to the Scriptures.
not warranted by the authority of the word of God.
UN-SCRIPT U-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner not according
with the Scriptures.
UN-SCRC'PU-LOUS, a. Not scrupulous ; having no scru-
ples.
UN-SCRlTPU-LOUS-NESS, n. Want of scrupulousness.
UN-S€RU'TA-BLE. See Inscrotable.
UN-SCUTCH'E6NED, a. Not honored with a coat of
arms.
UN-SeAL', v. t. To break or remove the seal of; to open
what is sealed ; as, to unseal a letter.
UN-SeAL'ED, jTp. 1. Opened, as something sealed 2. a
Not jealed ; having no seal, or the seal broken. Shak
UN-SEAL'ING,;j;?r. Breaking the seal of; opening.
UN-SeAM, v. t. To rip ; to cut open. Shak.
UN-SEARCH'A-BLE, (un-serch'a-bl) a. That cannot be
searched or explored ; inscrutable ; hidden ; mysterious.
UN-SEARCH' A-BLE-NESS, (un-serch a-bl-nes) n. The
quality or state of being unsearchable, or beyond the
power of man to explore.
UN-SEARCH A-BLY, (un-serch'a-bly) adv. In a manner so
as not to be explored.
UN-SEARCII'ED, (un-serchf) a. Not searched ; not ex-
plored ; not critically examined.
UN-SeAS'ON-A-BLE, (un-se zn-a-bl) a. 1. Not seasona-
ble ; not being in the proper season or time. 2. Not suit-
ed to the tinie or occasion ; unfit ; untimely ; ill-timed.
* See Synapsis MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in thio f Obsolete.
UNS
UNS
3. Late ; being beyond the usual time, 4. Not agreeable
to the time of the year.
I^N-SeAS'ON-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of be-
ing unseasonable, ill-timed, or out of the usual time.
UN-SeAS'ON-A-ELY, adv.. Not seasonably ; not in due
time, or not in the usual timl^ not in the time best adapt-
ed to success. X)r?/de7i. i:-
UN-SeAS'ON£D, (un-se'znd) a. 1. Not seasoned ; not ex-
hausted of the natural juices and hardened for use. 2.
Not inured ; not accustomed ; not fitted to endure any
tning by use or habit. 3. Unformed ; not qualified by use
or experience. 4. Not salted ; not sprinkled, filled or
impregnated with any thing to give relish. 5. Unseason-
ablej [obs.]
UN-SeAT', v. t. To throw from the seat. Cowper.
UN-SeAT'ED, pp. 1. Thrown from the seat. 2. a. Not
seated ; having no seat or bottom. 3. Not settled with
inhaj)itants.
UN-SeA'WoR-THY, a. Not fit for a voyage j notable to
sustain the violence of the sea.
TJN-SEA'W6R-THY-NESS, n. The state of not being sea-
worthy. Kent.
1JN-SE€'6ND-ED, a. 1. Not seconded ; not supported. 2.
Not exemplified a second time ; [obs.] Brown.
UN-Se'€RET, a Not secret ; not close ; not trusty. Skak.
t UN-Se'€RET, v. t. To disclose ; to divulge. Bacon.
UN-SE€'U-LAR-IZE, v t. To detach from secular thmgs ;
to alienate from the world. Ch. Obs.
UN-SE-euRE', a. Not secure ; not safe.
UN-SE-Du'CED, a. Not seduced ; not drawn or persuaded
to deviate from the path of duty. Milton.
UN-SEED'ED, a. Not seeded ; not sown. [Local.] JV. Eng.
UNSEE'ING, a. Wanting the power of vision j not see-
ing. Shak.
t UN-SEEM', V. i. Not to seem. Shak.
UN-SEEM 'LI-NESS, n. Un comeliness j indecency j inde-
corum ; impropriety. Hooker.
UN-SEEM'LY, a. Not fit or becoming ; uncomely ; unbe-
coming ; indecent. Vryden.
UN-SEEM'LY, adv. Indecently ; unbecomingly. Philips.
UN-SEEN', a. 1. Not seen ; not discovered. 2. Invisible;
not discoverable. 3. Unskilled ; inexperienced ; [obs.]
UN-SeIZ'ED, a. 1. Not seized ; not apprehended. 2. Not
possessed ; not taken into possession. Dry den.
UxV-SEL'DoM, adv. Not seldom.
UN-SE-LE€T'ED, a. Not selected ; not separated by choice.
UN-SE-LE€T'ING, a. Not selecting.
JN-SELF'ISH, a. Not selfish ; not unduly attached to one's
own interest. Spectator.
UN-SENS'ED, a. Wanting a distinct meaning ; without a
certain signification. Puller.
rUN-SENS'I-BLE, a. Not sensible.
UN-SENT', a. Not sent ; not dispatched ; not transmitted,
t UN-SEP'A-RA-Bi^E, a. That cannot be parted.
UN-SEP'A-RA-TED, a. Not separated or parted. Pope.
UN-SEP'UL-€PIRED, a. Having no grave : unburied.
UN-SERVED, a. Not served.
UN-SERV'iCE-A-BLE, a. Not serviceable ; not bringing
advantage, use, profit or convenience ; useless.
UN-SERV'iCE-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of
being useless ; unfitness for use. Sanderson.
UN-SERV'iCE-A-BLY, adv. Without use; without ad-
vantage.
UN-SET', a. 1. Not set; not placed. Hooker. 2. Not sunk
below the horizon.
UN-SET'TLE, v. t. I. To unfix ; to move or loosen from a
fixed state ; to unhinge ; to make uncertain or fluctu-
ating. 2. To move from a place. 3. To overthrow.
UN-SET'TLE, w. I. To become unfixed. Shak.
UN-SET'TLED, pp. 1. Unfixed ; unhinged ; rendered
fluctuating. 2. a. Not settled ; not fixed ; not determined.
'6. Not established. 4. Not regular ; unequal ; changea-
ble. 5. Not having a legal settlement in a town or par-
ish. 6. Having no fixed place of abode. Hooker. 7. Not
having deposited its fecal matter; turbid. 8. Having no
inhabitants ; not occupied by permanent inhabitants.
Belknap.
UN-SET'TLED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being unfixed,
unsettled or undetermined. 2. Irresolution ; fluctuation
of mind or opinions. 3. Uncertainty. 4. Want of fixed-
ness ; fluctuation.
UN-SET'TLE-MENT, n. Unsettled state ; iiTesolution.
UN-SEPTLING, ppr. Unfixing ; removing from a settled
state.
UN-SEVERED, a. Not severed ; not parted ; not divided.
UN-SEX', V. t. To deprive of the sex, or to make otherwise
than the sex commonly is. Shak.
UN-SHA€'KLE, v. t. To unfetter ; to loose from bonds ; to
set free from restraint.
UN-SHA€'KLED, pp. Loosed from shackles or restraint.
UN-SHA€'KLING, ppr. Liberating from bonds or restraint.
UN-SHADED, a. 1. Not shaded ; not overspread with
shade or darkness. 2. Not clouded ; not having shades
in coloring.
UN-SHAD'oWED, a. Not clouded ; not darkened.
t UN-SHaK'A-BLE, a. That cannot be shaken. Shak
t UN-SHaK'ED, for unshaken. Shak.
UN-SHaK'EN, a. 1. Not shaken ; not agitated ; not moved
firm ; fixed. 2. Not moved in resolution ; firm ; steady
3. Not subject to concussion.
UN-SHaM'ED, a. Not shamed ; not ashamed ; not abash-
ed. Dryden.
UN-SHaME'FaCED, a. Wanting modesty ; impudent.
UN-SHaME'FaCED-NESS, n. Want of modesty ; impu-
dence_^ Chalmers.
UN-SHaPE', v. t. To throw out of form or into disorder ; to
confound; to derange. [Little u^ed.] Shak.
UN-SHaP'EN, a. Misshapen ; d'iformed ; ugly. .Addison
UN-SHaR'ED, a. Not shared ; not enjoyed in common.
UN-SHeATH', I V. t. To draw from the sheath or scab
UN-SHeATHE , S bard. Shak.
UN-SHeATH'ED, pp. Drawn from the sheath.
UN-SHeATH'ING, ppr. Drawing from the scabbard.
UN-SHED', a. Not shed ; not spilt ; as, blood unshed.
UN-SHEL'TERED, a. Not sheltered ; not screened ; not
defended from danger or annoyance. Decay of Piety.
UN-SHIeLD'ED, a. Not defended by a shield ; not protect
ed ; exposed. Dryden.
UN-SHIP', v.t. 1. To take out of a ship or other water
craft. 2. To remove from the place where it is fixed or
fitted.
UN-SHIP'PED, pp. 1. Removed from a ship or from its
place. 2. Destitute of a ship.
UN-SH0€K'ED, a. Not shocked ; not disgusted ; not aston-
ished. Tickel.
UN-SHOD', a. Not shod ; having no shoes. Clarendon
UN-SHOOK', a. Not shaken ; not agitated. Pope.
UN-SH6RN', a. Not shorn ; not sheared ; not clipped.
UN-SHOT', a. 1. Not hit by shot. 2. Not shot ; not dis-
charged.
t UN-SHOUT', V. t. To retract a shout. Shak.
UN-SHOW'ERED, a. Not watered or sprinkled by showers
UN-SHRINK'ING, a. Not shrinking ; not withdrawing
from danger or toil ; not recoiling.
UN-SHRUNK', a. Not shrunk ; not contracted.
t UN-SHUN'NA-BLE, a. That cannot be shunned ; in-
evitable.
UN-SHUN'NED, a. Not shunned ; not avoided.
UN-SHUT', a. Not shut ; open ; unclosed.
UN-SIFT'ED, a. 1. Not sifted ; not separated by a sieve.
Man. 2. Not critically examined ; untried.
t UN-STGHT'ED, a. Not seen ; invisible. Shak.
UN-SIGHT'LI-NESS, n. Disagreeableness to the sight ; de-
formity ; ugliness. Wiseman.
UN-SlGHT'L Y, a. Disagreeable to the eye ; ugly ; deformed.
UN-SIG'NAL-lZED, a. Not signalized or distinguished.
t UN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT, a. Having no meaning.
UN-SIL'VERED, a. Not covered with quicksilver. Ure.
IUN-SIN-CeRE', a. 1. Not sincere ; hypocritical. 2. Not
genuine ; adulterated. 3. Not sound ; not soUd.
t UN-SIN-CER'I-TY, 71. Insincerity ; cheat.
UN-SIN'EW, v. t. To deprive of strength. Dryden.
UN-SIN'EWED, pp. or a. Deprived of strength or force ,
weak ; nerveless. Shak.
UN-SIN'EW-ING, ppr. Depriving of strength ; enfeebling.
UN-SIN'GED, a. Not singed ; not scorched. Broicn.
UN-SIN'GLED, a. Not singled ; not separated. Dryden.
UN-SINK'ING, a. Not sinking ; not failing.
UN-SIN'NING, a. Committing no sin ; impeccable ; un-
tainted with sin. Rogers.
UN-SlZ'A-BLE, a. Not being of the proper size, magnitude
or bulk. Smollett.
UN-STZ'ED, a. Not sized ; as, unsized paper.
UN-SKILL'ED, a. 1. Wanting skill ; destitute of readiness
or dexterity in performance. 2. Destitute of practical
knowledge.
UN-SKILL'FUL, a. Not skillful ; wanting the knowledge
and dexterity which are acquired by observation, use and
experience.
UN-SKILL'FUL-LY, adv. Without skill, knowledge o--
dexterity ; clumsily. Shak.
UN-SKILL'FUL-NESS, n. Want of art or knowledge
want of that readiness in action or execution, which is
acquired by use, experience and observation.
UN-SLAIN', a. Not slain ; not killed. Dryden.
UN-SLaK'ED, a. Not slaked ; unquenched.
UN-SLaK'ED, a. Not saturated with water.
UN-SLEEP'ING, a. Not sleeping ; ever wakeful.
UN-SLING', V. t. In seamen^s language, to take off the
slings of a yard, a cask, &c.
UN-SLIP'PING, a. Not slipping ; not liable to slip.
t UN-SLoW, a. Not slow.
UN-SLUM'BER-ING, a. Never sleeping or slumbering ; al-
ways watching or vigilant. Thodey.
UN-S"MiRCH'ED, a. Not stained ; not soiled or blacked.
UN-SMoK'ED, a. 1. Not smoked ; not dried in smoke. 2.
Not used in smoking, as a pipe. Swift.
UN-SI\100TH', a. Not smooth ; not even ; rough. Milton.
■■ See Synopsis A, E, T, O, tj, V, long.—FAF., FAT>L, 'WHAT ;— PR EY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete.
UNS
801
UNS
UN-Sober, a. Not sober.
i/N-So'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not suitable to society ; not having
the qualities which are proper for society, ani which ren-
der it agreeable. 2. Not apt to converse ; not free in con-
versation ; reserved.
UN-So'CIA-BLY, adv. 1. Not kindly. 2. With reserve,
UN-So CIAL, a. Not adapted to society ; not beneficial to
societv. Shenstone.
UN-SO€K'ET, V. t. To loose or take from a socket.
f UxV-SOFT', a. Not soft ; hard. Chaucer.
\ UN-SOFT^ adv. Not with softness. Spenser.
rjN-SOIL'ED, a. 1. Not soiled ; not stained ; unpolluted.
Dryden. 2. Not disgraced ; not tainted, as character.
UN-SoLD', a. Not sold ; not transferred for a consideration.
UN-SoLD'IERED, a. Not having the qualities of a soldier.
[JN^oLD'IER-LlKE, ) a. [See Soldier.] Unbecoming a
UN-SoLD'IER-LY, S soldier. Broome.
UN-SO-LIC' IT-ED, a. 1. Not solicited ; not requested ; un-
asked. Halifax. 2. Not asked for.
UN-SO-LIC'IT-OUS, a. Not solicitous ; not anxious ; not
very desirous.
UN-SOL'ID, a. 1. Not solid ; not firm ; not substantial. 2.
Fluid. Locke.
UN-SOLV'xl-BLE, a. That cannot be solved ; inexplicable.
UN-SOLVED, a. Not solved ; not explained. Watts.
t UN-So'NA-BLE, a. That cannot be sounded.
t UN-SON 'SY, a. Unlucky j not fortunate. Yorkshire Glos-
sary.
t UN-SOOT', for uiisweet. Spenser.
UN-SO-PHIS'TI-€A-TED, a. Not adulterated by mixture ;
not counterfeit ; pure. Locke.
UN-SOR'RoWED, a. Not lamented ; not bewailed.
UN-SORT'ED, a. Not separated into sorts ; not distributed
according to kinds or classes. Watts.
UN-SOUGHT', (un-sawf) a. 1. Not sought ; not searched
for. _ 2. Had without searching ; as, unsought honor.
UN-SoUL', V. t. To deprive of mind or understanding.
UN-SoUL'ED, a. Without soul ; without intellectual or vi-
tal principle. Spenser.
UN-SOUND', a. 1. Not sound j defective. 2. Infirm ; sickly.
3. Not orthodox ; defective. 4. Not sound in character ;
not honest ; not faithful ; not to be trusted ; defective ; de-
ceitful. 5. Not true ; not solid ; not real ; not substantial.
6. Not close ; not compact. 7. Not sincere ; not faithful.
8. Not solid ; not material. 9. Erroneous ; wrong ; de-
ceitful ; sophistical. 10. Not strong. 11. Not fast; not
calm. 12. Not well established ; defective ; questionable.
UN-SOUND'ED, a. Not sounded ; not tried with the lead.
UN-SOUND LY, adv. Not with soundness.
UN-SOUND'NESS, ?!. 1. Defectiveness. 2. Defectiveness
of faith ; want of orthodoxy. 3. Corruptness ; want of
solidity. 4. Defectiveness. 5. Infirmity ; weakness, as
of bodv.
UN-SOUR'ED, a. 1. Not made sour. Bacon. 2. Not made
morose or crabbed. Dryden.
UN-SoWED, I a. 1. Not sown ; not sowed. 2. Not scat-
UN-SoWN', ) tered on land for seed. 3. Not propagated
by seed scattered.
UN-SPaR ED, a. Not spared. Milton.
UN-SPaR'ING, a. 1. Not parsimonious ; liberal ; profuse.
Milton. 2. Not merciful or forgiving. Milton.
UN-SPaR'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being liberal or
profuse. Mitford.
UN-SPeAK', V, t. To recant ; to retract what has been
spoken. Shak.
UN-SPeAK'A-BLE, a. That cannot be uttered ; that can-
not be^ expressed ; unutterable.
UX-SPeAK'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that can-
not be expressed ; inexpressibly ; unutterably.
UN-SPEC'I-FiED, a. Not specified ; not particularly men-
tioned. Broivn.
UN-SPe'CIOUS, a. Not specious ; not plausible.
UN-SPE€'U-LA-TIVE, a. Not speculative or theoretical.
t UN-SPED', a. Not performed ; not dispatched. Garth.
UN-SPENT', a. 1. Not spent; not used or wasted. 2. Not
exhausted. 3. Not having lost its force or impulse.
UN-SPHeRE', r. t. To remove from its orb. Shak.
UN-SPl'ED, a. 1. Not searched ; not explored. Milton. 2.
Not seen ; not discovered. Tickel.
UN-SPILT', a. 1. Not spilt ; not shed. 2. Not spoiled ;
[ohs.\
UN-SPiR'IT, V. t. To depress in spirits ; to dispirit ; to dis-
hearten. [Little used.]
UN-SPIR'IT-ED, pp. Dispirited.
UN-SPIR'IT-U-AL,_a. Not spiritual ; carnal ; worldly.
UN-SPIR IT-U-AL-iZE, v. t. To deprive of spirituality.
UN-SPLIT', a. Not split ; as, unsplit wood.
UN-SPOIL ED, a. 1. Not spoiled ; not corrupted ; not ruin-
ed ; not rendered useless. 2. Not plundered ; not pillaged.
UN-SPOTTED, a. 1. Not stained ; free from spot. 2. Free
from moral stain ; untainted with guilt ; unblemished ;
immaculate.
UX-SPOT TED-NESS, n. State of being free from stain or
guilt. Feltham.
UN-SaUlR'ED, a. 1. Not made square 2. Not regular,-
not formed. Shak.
UN-SauIRE', V. t. To divest of the title or privilege of an
esquire. Swift.
UN-STa BLE, a. [L. instabilis.] 1. Not stable ; not fixed
2. Not steady ; inconstant ; irresolute ; wavering.
UN-STa'BLE-NESS, n. InstabUity.
UN-STaID', a. Not steady ; mutable; not settled in judg-
ment ; volatile ; fickle. Shak.
UN-STaID'NESS, n. 1. Unfixed or volatile state or disposi
tion ; mutability ; fickleness ; indiscretion. 2. Uncertain
motion ; unsteadiness. Sidney,
UN-STaIN'ED, a. 1. Not stained ; not dyed. 2. Not pol-
luted ; not tarnished ; not dishonored.
UN-STaNCH'ED, a. Not stanched ; not stopped, as blood.
UN-STATE', V. t. To deprive of dignity. Shak.
UN-STAT'Q-TA-BLE, a. Contrary to statute ; not warrant-
ed bv statute. Swift.
UN-STEAD'FAST, (un-sted'fast) a. 1. Not fixed; not
standing or being firm. 2. Not firmly adhering to a pur
pose.
UN-STEAD'FAST-NESS, (un-sted'fast-nes) n. Want oi
steadfastness ; instability ; inconstancy. K. James.
UN-STEAD'I-LY, (un-sted'e-ly) adv. 1. Without steadi
ness ; in a wavering, vacillating manner. 2. Inconstant-
ly ; in a fickle manner. 3. Not in the same manner at
ditferent times ; variously.
UN-STEAD'I-NESS, (un-sted'e-nes) n. 1. Unstableness ;
inconstancy ; want of firmness ; irresolution ; mutableness
of opinion or purpose. 2. Frequent change of place ; vacil-
lation.
UN-STEAD'Y, (un-sted'y ) a. 1. Not steady ; not conptant ;
irresolute. 2. Mutable ; variable ; changeable. 3. Not
adhering constantly to any fixed plan or business.
UN-STEEP'ED, a. Not steeped ; not soaked. Bacon.
UN-STIM'U-LA-TED, a. Not stimulated ; not excited.
UN-STIM'U-LA-TING, a. Not exciting motion or action.
UN-STING', V. t. To disarm of a sting. South.
UN-STING'ED,;7p. Deprived of its sting. Pollok.
UN-STINT'ED, a. Not stinted ; not limited. Skelton.
UN-STiR'RED, a. Not stirred ; not agitated. Boyle.
UN-STITCH', V. t. To open by picking out stitches.
UN-STITCH'ED, a. Not stitched.
UN-STOOP'ING, a. Not stooping ; not bending. Shak.
UN-STOP', V. t. 1. To free from a stopple, as a bottle oi
cask. 2. To free from any obstruction ; to open. Boyle.
UN-STOP'PED, pp. 1. Opened. 2. a. Not meeting any re-
sistance. Dryden.
UN-STOP'PING, ;>pr. Taking out a stopper; opening ; free-
ing from obstruction.
UN-SToR'ED, a. 1. Not stored ; not laid up in store; not
warehoused. 2. Not supplied with stores.
UN-STORM'ED, a. Not assaulted ; not taken by assault.
UN-STRaIN'ED, a. 1. Not strained. 2. Easy ; not forced ;
natural. Rakeicill.
UN-STRaIT'ENED, a. Not straitened ; not contracted.
UN-STRAT'I-FiED, a. Not stratified ; not formed or being
in strata or lavers. Cleaveland.
UN-STRENGTH'ENED, a. Not strengthened ; not support-
ed ; not assisted. Hooker.
UN-STRING', V. t. 1. To relax tension ; to loosen. 2. To
deprive of strings. 3. To loose ; to untie. 4. To take
from a string.
UN-STRUCK', a. Not struck ; not impressed ; not aflTected
UN-STUD'IED, a. 1. Not studied ; not premeditated. Dry
den. 2. Not labored ; easy; natural.
UN-STu'DI-OUS, a. Not studious ; not diligent in study.
UN-STUFF_'ED, a. Not stuffed ; not filled ; not crowded.
UN-SUB-Du'ED, a. Not subdued ; not brought into subjec-
tion ; not conquered.
UN-SUB'JECT, a. Not subject; not liable; not obnox-
ious.
UN-SUB-JE€T'ED, a. Not subjected ; not subdued.
UN-SUB-MIS'SIVE, a. Not submissive ; disobedient.
UN-SUB-MIT'TING, a. Not submitting ; not obsequious ;
not readily yielding. Thomson,
UN-SUB-OR'DI-NA-TED, a. Not subordinated or reduced
to subjection
UN-SUB-ORN'ED, a. Not suborned ; not procured by se-
cret collusion. Hume,
UN-SUB'SI-DlZED, a. Not engaged in another's service by
receiving subsidies.
UN-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. 1. Not substantial; not solid
Milton. 2. Not real ; not having substance. Addison.
UN-SUC-CEED'ED, a. Not succeeded ; not followed.
UN-SUC-CESS'FUL, a. Not successful ; not producing the
desired event ; not fortunate. Addison.
UN-SUC-CESS'FUL-LY, adv. Without success ; without a
favorable issue ; 'unfortunately. South.
UN-SUC-CESS'FUL-NESS, n. Want of success or favorable
issue.
UN-SU€-CESS'IVE, a. Not proceeding by a flux of parta
or bv regular succession. Hale.
UN-SUCK'ED, a. Not having the breasts drawn. Milton.
* See Synopsis. MOVE. BOOK, D6VE ;— BUT I UJVITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
UNT
892
UNT
tJN-SUP'FER-A-BLE, a. Not sufferable ; not to be endur-
ed ; intolerable.
UN-SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be endured.
UN-SUF'FER-ING, a. Not suffering ; not tolerating.
t UN-SUF-Fl"CIENCE, n. Inability to answer the end.
t UN-SUF-Fl"CIENT, a. Not sufficient ; inadequate.
UN-SU'GARED, (un-shug'ard) a. Not sweetened with su-
gar. Bacon.
UN-SuIT'A-BLE, a. 1. Not suitable j unfit; not adapted.
2. Unbecoming ; improper.
UN-StJlT'A-BLE-NESS, 7i. Unfitness ; incongruity.
UN-SuIT'A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner unbecoming or im-
proper. 2. Incongruously.
UN-SUIT ED, a. Not suited ; not fitted ; not adapted.
UN-StJIT ING, a. Not fitting ; not becoming. Shak.
UN-SUL'LIED, a. 1. Not sullied ; not stained ; not tarnish-
ed. 2. Not disgraced ; free from imputation of evil.
UN-SUNG', a. Not sung ; not celebrated in vei-se ; not re-
cited in verse. Addison.
UN-SUN NED, a. Not having been exposed to the sun.
UN-SU-PER'FLU-OUS, a. N6t toore than enough.
UN-SUP-PLAN T'ED, a. Not supplanted ; 'not overthrown
by secret means or stratagem.
UN-SUP-PLl'A-BLE, a. Not to be supplied. Chillingworth.
UN-SUP-PLl'ED, a. Not supplied; not furnished with
things necessary. Dryden.
UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. That cannot be supported.
UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Insupportableness.
UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLY, adv. Insuppor^ably.
UN-SUP-PoRT'ED, a. I. Not supported ; not upheld ; not
sustained. 2. Not countenanced ; not assisted.
UN-SUP-PRE£S'ED, a. Not suppressed ; not subdued ; not
extinguished.
UN-SuRE', (un-shiire') a. Not fixed ; not certain.
UN-SUR-MOUNT'A-BLE, a. That cannot be sunnounted
or overcome ; insuperable. Locke.
UN-SUR-PASS'ED, a. Not surpassed ; not exceeded.
UN-SUS-CEP'TI-BLE, a. Not susceptible; not capable of
admitting or receiving.
t UN-SUS-PE€T', for unsuspected.
UN-SUS-PE€T'ED, a. Not suspected ; not considered as
likely to have done an evil act, or to have a disposition to
evil.
UN-SUS-P£€T'ED-LY, adv. In a manner to avoid sus-
picion.
UN-SUS-PECT'ING, a. Not imagining that any ill is de-
signed ; free from suspicion. Pope.
UN-SUS-PI'CIOUS, a. 1. Having no suspicion ; not indulg-
ing the imagination of evil in others. 2. Not to be sus-
pected.
UN-SUS-Pi''CIOUS-LY, adv. Without suspicion.
UN-SUS-TaIN'A-BLE, a. Not sustainable ; that cannot be
maintained or supported.
UN-SUS-TaIN'ED, a. Not sustained ; not supported ; not
seconded.
UN-SWaTHE', «. f. To take a swathe from; to relieve
from a bandage. Addison.
UN-SWIY'A-BLE, a. That cannot be swayed, governed
or inhuenced by another. [Little used.'] Shak.
UN-SWaY'ED, a. 1. Not swayed ; not wielded, as a scep-
tre. 2. Not biased; not conlrolled or influenced.
UN-SWaY'ED-NESS, n. Steadiness ; state of being un-
governe.j by another. Hales.
UN-SWEaH , V. t. To recant or recall an oath. Spenser.
t UN-SWEAT', (un-swef) v. t. To ease or cool after exer-
cise.
UN-SWEAT'ING, (un-swet'ing) a. Not sweating.
UN-SWEET', a. Not sweet. [Little used.] Spenser.
UN-SWEPT', a. Not cleaned with a broom ; not swept.
UN-SWoRN', a. Not sworn; not bound by an oath; not
having taken an oath.
UN-SYM-MET'RI-€AL, a. Wanting symmetry or due pro-
portion of parts.
UN-SYS-TE-MAT'I€, ) a. Not systematic ; not having
UN-SYS-TE-MAT'I-€AL, \ regular order, distribution or
arrangement of parts.
UN-SYS'TEM-lZED, a. Not systemized ; not aiTanged in
due order ; not formed into system.
UN-TA€K', v.t. To separate what is tacked ; to disjoin ;
to loosen what is fast. Milton.
UN-TaINT'ED, a. 1. Not rendered impure by admixture ;
not impregnated with foul matter. 2. Not sullied ; not
stained ; unblemished. 3. Not rendered unsavory by
putrescence. 4. Not charged with a crime ; not accused.
UN-TaINT'ED-LY, adv. Without spot ; without blemish ;
without imputation oi crime.
UN-TaINT'ED-NESS, 71. State or quality of being untaint-
ed ; purity. Hall.
UN-TaK'EN, (un-ta'kn) a. 1. Not taken ; not seized ; not
apprehended. 2. Not reduced; not subdued. 3. Not
swallowed.
UN-TaM'A-BLE. a. 1. That cannot be tamed or domesti-
cated ; that cannot be reclaimed from a wild state. 2.
Not to be subdued or reduced to control.
UN-TaMED, a. 1. Not reclaimed from wildness; not do*
mesticated ; not made familiar with man. 2. Not sub
dued ; not brought under control. 3. Not softened or
rendered mild by culture.
UN-TAN'GLE, ^^ f. To disentangle; to loose from tangles
or intricacy. Prior.
UN-TAN'GLED, pp. Disentangled.
UN-TAN'GLING,j)i?r. Disentangling.
UN-TAR'NISHED, a. Not soiled; not tarnished; not
stained ; unblemished.
UN-TaST'ED, a. 1. Not tasted ; not tried by the taste or
tongue. 2. Not enjoyed.
UN-TaSTE'FUL, a. Having no taste ; being w^ithout taste.
UN-TaSTE'FUL-LY, adv. Without taste or graceful-
ness ; in bad taste. Br. Rev.
UN-TaST'ING, a. Not tasting; not perceiving by the
taste. Smith.
UN-TAUGHT', (un-tawf) a. 1. Not taught ; not instructed ;
not educated ; unlettered ; illiterate. Dryden. 2. Un-
skilled ; new ; not having use or practice.
UN-TAX'ED, a. 1. Not taxed; not charged with taxes
2. Not accused.
UN-TeACH', v.t. pret. and pp. untaught. To cause to
forget or lose what has been taught. Brown,
UN-TeACH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be taught or instruct-
ed ; indocile. Milton.
UN-TeACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not readily
receiving instruction ; indocility. Scott.
UN-TEEM'ING, a. Not producing young ; barren.
t UN-TEM'PER-ATE, a. Intemperate.
UN-TEM'PERED, a. Not tempered ; not duly mixed foi
use ; not durable or strong.
UN-TEMPT'ED, a. Not tempted ; not tried by enticements
or persuasions ; not invited by any thing alluring.
UN-TEN'A-BLE, a. 1. Not tenable ; that cannot be held in
possession. Dryden. 2. That cannot be maintained oi
supported ; not defensible.
UN-l EN'ANT-A-BLE, a. Not fit for an occupant ; not in
suitable repair or condition for a tenant.
UN-TEN' ANT-ED, a. Not occupied by a tenant ; not in-
habited.
UN-TENDED, a. Not tended ; not having any attendant.
UN-TEN'DER, a. 1. Not tender ; not soft. 2. Wanting
sensibility or affection. Shak.
UN-TEND ERED, a. Not tendered ; not offered.
UN-TENT', v.t. To bring out of a tent. [Little used.] Shak
UN-TENT'ED, a. Not having a medical tent applied.
UN-TER'RI-FiED, a. Not terrified ; not affrighted ; not
daunted. Milton.
UN-TEST ED, a. Not tested ; not tried by a standard.
Adams'' Lect.
UN-THANK'ED, a. 1. Not thanked ; not repaid with ac-
knowledgments. 2. Not received with thankfulness.
UN-THANK'FUL, a. Not thankful ; ungrateful ; not mak-
ing acknowledgments for good received.
UN-THANK'F]JL-LY, adv. Without thanks; without a
grateful acknowledgment of favors. Boyle.
UN-THANK'-FUL-NESS, n. Neglect or omission of ac-
knowledgment for good received ; want of a sense of
kindness or benefits ; ingratitude.
UN -THAWED, a. Not thawed ; not melted or dissolved ;
as ice or snow. Pope.
UN-THINK', V. t. To dismiss a thought. Shak.
UN-THINK'ING, a. 1. Not thinking ; not heedful ; thought-
less ; inconsiderate. 2. Not indicating thought or reflet
tion.
UN-THINK'ING-NESS, n. Want of thought or reflection ,
habitual thoughtlessness. Halifax.
UN-THORN'Y, a. Not thorny ; free from thorns.
UN-THOUGHT', (un-thawf) a. Not supposed to be. B.
Jonson.
UN-THOUGHT'FUL,(un-thawt'ful)a. Thoughtless; heed-
less.
UN-THOUGHT' OF. Not thought of; not regarded ; not
heeded.
UN-THREAD', (un-thred') v. t. To draw or take out a thread
from. 2. To loose. Milton.
UN-THRE AD'ED, pp. Deprived of a thread.
UN-THREAD'ING. ppr. Depriving of a thread.
UN-THRE AT'ENED, (un-thret'nd) a. Not threatened ; not
menaced. K. Charles.
UN'THRIFT, n. A prodigal ; one who wastes his estate by
extravagance. Dryden.
UN-THRiFT'I-LY, adv. Without frugality. Collier.
UN-THRIFT'I-NESS, n. Waste of property without neces-
sity or use ; prodigality ; profusion. Hay-ward.
UN-THRIFT'Y, a.l. Prodigal; lavish; profuse; spending
property without necessity or use. 2. Not thriving ; not
gaining property. 3. Not gaining flesh. 4. Not vigorous
in growth, as a plant.
UN -THRIVING, a. Not thriving ; not prospering in tem-
poral affairs ; not gaining property.
UN-THRoNE', V. t. To remove from a throne, or from su-
preme authority ; to dethrone.
Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.—YxV., FALL, ^^^f AT :— PREY ;— PT N", MARifXE BIRD ;— f Obsolete
UNT
893
l/NV
not hit. 2. Not moved 5 not affected. 3. Not meddled
UN-TI'DI-NESS, n. Want of tidiness or neatness.
UN-Ti'DY, a. 1. Not tidy ; not seasonable ; not ready. 2.
Not neatly dressed ; not in good order.
UN-TlE', V. t. 1. To loosen, as a knot ; to disengage the
parts that form a knot ; as, untie the knot. 2. To unbind ;
to free from any fastening. 3. To loosen from coUs or
convolution. 4. To loose ; to separate something attached.
5, To resolve ; to unfold ; to clear.
IJN-Ti'ED, pp. 1. Loosed, as a knot ; unbound ; separated ;
resolved. 2. a. Not tied ; not bound or gathered in a
knot J loose. 3. Not fastened with a knot. 4. Not held
by any tie or band.
nN-TlLi',prep. [un and till. See Till.] 1. To; used of time,
2. To ; used of objects ; [obs.] Spenser. 3. Preceding a
sentence or clause, to ; that is, to the event mentioned, or
the time of it ; as, until this hour. 4. To the point or
place of. 5. To the degree that.
UN-TlLE', r. t. To take the tiles from ; to uncover by re-
moving tiles. Swift.
UN-TILL'ED, a. Not tilled ; not cultivated. Mortimer.
UN-TIM'BERED, a. I. Not furnished with timber. Shak.
2. Not covered with timber-trees.
UN-TlME'LY, a. 1. Happening before the usual time. 2.
Happening before the natural time ; premature.
UN-TlME'LY, aa!«. Before the- natural time. Shak.
UN-TIN€'TURED, a. Not tinctured ; not tinged.
UN-TIN'GED, a. 1. Not tinged; not stained; not dis-
colored. Boyle. 2. Not infected. Swift.
UN-TlR'A-BLE, a. That cannot be wearied ; indefatiga-
ble ; unwearied. Shak.
UN-TlR'ED, a. Not tired ; not exhausted by labor.
UN-TlR'ING, a. Not becoming tired or exhausted.
UN-TI'TLED, a. Having no title. Shak.
t UN'TO, prep. A compound of mm, [on,] and to ; of no use
in the language, as it expresses no more than to. It is found
in writers of former times, but is entirely obsolete.
UN-ToLD', a. 1. Not told ; nor related : not revealed.
Dryden. 2. Nov. numbered ; as, money untold.
UN-TOMB', (un-toom') v.t. To disinter. Fuller.
UN-TOOTH'S6ME, a. Not pleasant to the taste.
UN-T6UCH'A-BLE, a. Not to be touched. Feltham.
UN-ToUCH'ED, (un-tuchf) a. 1. Not touched; notreached;
lit. 2. Not moved
with
UN-To'WARD, a. 1. Froward ; perverse ; refractory ; not
easily guided or taught. 2. Awkward ; ungraceful.- 3.
Inconvenient ; troublesome ; unmaj\ageable.
UN-To'WARD-LY, adv. In a froward or perverse manner ;
pei-versely ; ungainly. Tillotson.
UN-To'WARD-LY, a. Awkward ; perverse ; froward.
UN-To' WARD-NESS, n. Awkwardness ; frowardness ;
perverseness. Bp. Wilson.
UN-TRaCE'A-BLE, a. That cannot be traced.
UN-TRa'CED, a. 1. Not traced ; not followed. 2. Not
marked by footsteps. 3. Not marked out.
UN-TRA€K'ED, a. 1. Not tracked ; not marked by foot-
steps. 2. Not followed by the tracks.
UN-TRA€T'A-BLE, a. [L. intractabilis.] 1. Not tractable ;
not yielding to discipline ; stubborn ; indocile ; ungovern-
able. 2. Rough ; difficult. 3. Not yielding to tlie heat or
to the hammer, as an ore.
UN-TRA€T'A-BLE-NESS, n. Refractoriness ; stubborn-
ness ; unwillingness to be governed, controlled or man-
aged. _
UN-TRaD'ING, a. Not engaged in commerce.
UN-TRaIN'ED, a. 1. Not trained ; not disciplined ; not
skillful. 2. Not educated •. not instructed. 3. Irregular ;
ungovernable.
UN-TRAM'MELED, a. Not trammeled ; not shackled.
UN-TRANS-FER'A-BLE, a. That cannot be transferred or
passed from one to another.
TTN-TRANS-FER'RED, a. Not transferred ; not conveyed
r>r assigned to another.
UN-TRANS-LaT'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being trans-
lated.
UN-TRANS LaT'ED, a. Not translated or rendered into
another language.
UN-TRANS-PaR'ENT, a. Not transparent ; not diapha-
nous ; opaque ; not permeable by light. Boyle.
UN-TRANS-PoS'ED, (un-trans-p6zd') a. Not transposed ;
having the natural order. Rambler.
UN-TRAVELED, a. 1. Not traveled ; not trodden by pas-
sengers. 2. Having never seen foreign countries.
UN-TRAVERSED, a. Not traversed ; not passed over.
UN-TREAD', (un-tred') v. t. To tread back ; to go back in
the same steps. Shak.
UN-TREAS'URED, (un-trezh'urd) a. Not treasured ; not
, laid up£ not reposiled. S/ja^-.
TUN-TReAT'A-BLE, a. Not treatable; not practicable.
UN-TREM'BLING, a. Not trembling or shaking ; firm ;
steady. Montgomery.
UN-TRl'ED, a. 1. Not tried ; not attempted. 2. Not yet
experienced. 3, Not having passed trial ; not heard and
determined in law
UN-TRIM'MED, a. Not trimmed : not pruned not dress
ed ; not put in order.
t UN-TRi'UMPH-A-BLE, a. That admits no triumph.
UN-TRI'UMPHED, a. Not triumphed over.
UN-TROD', ) a. Not having been trod ; not passed
UN-TROD'DEN, \ over ; not marked by the feet.
UN-TRoLL'ED, a. Not trolled ; not rolled along.
UN-TR6UB'LED, (un-trub'ld) a. 1. Not troubled ; not dis
turbed by care, sorrow or business ; free from trouble. 2
Not agitated ; not ruffled ; not confused ; free from pas
sion. 3. Not agitated ; not moved. 4. Not disturbed or
interrupted in the natural course. 5. Not foul ; not tur
bid ; clear.
t UN-TRoUB'LED-NESS, n. State of being free from
trouble ; unconcern. Hammond.
UN-TRuE', a. 1. Not true ; false ; contrary to the fact 2
Not faithful to another ; not fulfilling the duties of a hus-
band, wife, vassal, &c. ; false ; disloyal 3. Inconstant,
as a lover.
UN-TRtj'LY, adv. Not truly ; falsely ; not according to re-
ality.
UN-TRUSS', V. t. To untie or unfasten ; to loose from a
truss ; to let out. Dryden.
UN-TRUSS'ED, a Not trussed ; not tied up.
U?»TRUST'I-NESS, n. Unfaithfulness in the discharge of
a trust.
UN-TRUST'Y, a. Not trusty; not worthy of confidence ;
unfaithful.
UN-TRuTH', n. I. Contrariety to ^ruth ; falsehood. 2.
Want of veracity. 3. Treachery ; want of fidelity ; [obs."]
UN-TU€K'ERED, 'a. Having no tucker. Addison.
UN-TuN'A-BLE, a. 1. Not harmonious ; not musical. 2
Not capable of making music. 3. Not capable of being
tuned.
UN-TuNE', V. t. 1. To make incapable of harmony. Shak
2. To disorder. Shak.
UN-TURN'ED, a. Net turned; as, he left no stone un-
turned.
UN-Tu'TORED, a. Uninstnicted ; untaught. Prior.
UN-TWTNE', v.t. \. To untwist. 2. To open, to dis-
entangle. 3. To separate, as that which winds or clasps.
UN-TWIST', V. t. 1. To separate and open, as threads
twisted ; or to turn back that which is twisted. 2. Td
open ; to disentangle, as intricacy.
UN-TY'. See Untie.
UN-U'NI-FORM, a. Not uniform ; wanting uniformity
[Little used.]
UN-UP-HELD', a. Not upheld ; not sustained. Pollok.
UN-UR'6ED, a. Not urged ; not pressed with solicitation.
UN-US'ED, a. 1. Not put to use ; not employed. 2. That
has never been used. 3. Not accustomed.
UN-USE'FUL, a. Useless ; serving no good purpose.
UN-US U-AL, (un-yu'zhu-al) a. Not usual ; not common; rare.
UN-US'U-AL-LY, adv. Not commonly ; not frequently ,
rarely.
UN-US'U-AL-NESS, 71. Uncommonness ; infrequency j
rareness of occurrence. Broome.
UN-UT'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be uttered or express-
ed ; ineffable ; inexpressible.
UN-VaIL', v. t. To remove a vail from ; to uncover ; to dis-
close to view.
t UN-VAL'U-A-BLE, a. Being above price ; invaluable.
UN-VAL'UED, a. \. Not valued ; not prized ; neglected
2. Inestimable ; not to be valued. 3. Not estimated ; nol
having the value set.
UN-VAN'aUISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be conquered.
UN-VAN'aUISHED, a. Not conquered ; not overcome.
UN-Va'RI-A-BLE, a. Not variable ; not changeable.
UN-Va'RIED, a. Not varied; not altered; not diversi
fied.
UN-Va'RI-E-GA-TED, a. Not variegated ; not diversified
UN-VAR'NISHED, a. 1. Not overlaid with varnish. 2
Not artificially colored or adorned ; not artfully embellish
ed ; plain.
UN-Va'RY-ING, a. Not altering ; not liable to change.
UN-VEIL', See Unvail.
UN-VEIL'ED-LY, adv. Plainly ; without disguise. [L. u •
UN-VEN'ER-A-BLE, a. Not venerable ;, not worthy of ven
eration. Shak.
UN-VEN'TT-LA-TED, a. Not fanned by the wind ; not pu
rified by a free current of air.
UN-VERD'ANT, a. Not verdant ; not green. Congreve.
tUN-VER'I-TA-BLE,rt. Not true. Brozcn.
UN-VERS'ED, a. Not skilled ; not versed ; unacquainted.
UN-VEX'ED, a. Not vexed ; not troubled 3 not disturbed
or irritated. Dryden.
UN-ViO-LA-TED, a. 1. Not violated ; not Injured. 2
Not broken ; not transgressed ; as, lawf unviolated.
UN-ViRT'U-OUS, a. Not virtuous ; destitute of virtue.
UN-VIS'ARD, V. t. To unmask. M/lton
UN-VIS'IT-ED, a. Not visited; not resorted to.
UN-Vl'TAL, a. Not vital ; not affecting life. Med. Repos.
* See Synopsis M5V E, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «Ats f Obsolete
UNW
894
UP
UN-VI' T1A.-TED, ) a. Not vitiated ; not corrupted. B. Jon-
UN- VI' CIA-TED, \ son.
UN-VIT'RI-FlED, a. Not vitrified ; not converted into
glass.
UN-VOL'A-TIL-IZED, a. Not volatilized. Jlikin.
l)N-VoTE', V. t. To contravene by vote a former vote ; to
annul a former vole. Burke.
UN-VOW'ELED, a. Having no vowels Skinner.
t UN-VOY'AGE-A-BLE, a. Not to be navigated or passed
over on a fluid. Milton.
UN-VUL'GAK, a. Not common. B. Jonson.
UN-VUL'NER-A-BLE, a. Not vulnerable.
UN-Wa'KENED, a. Not awakened ; not roused from sleep
or stupidity.
UN-WALL'ED, a. Not surrounded or supported by a
wall."
UN-WaRES', adv. Unexpectedly. [For this, unawares is
used.]
UN-Wa'RI-LY, adv. Without vigilance and caution ; heed-
lessly. Digby.
UN-Wa'RI-NESS, 71. Want of vigilance; want of caution ;
carelessness ; heedlessness. Spectator.
UN-WAR'LiKE, a Not fit for war ; not used to war ; not
military. Waller.
UN-WARM'ED, a. 1. Not warmed. 2. Not excited. %
UN-WARN'ED, a. Not cautioned ; not previously admon-
ished'of danger. Locke.
UN-WARP', V. t. To reduce back what is warped.
UN-WARP'ED, a Not warped ; not biased ; not turned
from the true direction ; impartial. Thomson.
UN-WARP'ING, a. Not bending ; unyielding ; not devia-
ting. "Dwight.
UN-WAR'RANT-A-BLE, a. Not defensible ; not vindica-
te ; not justifiable ; illegal; unjust; improper.
UN-WAR'RANT-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being unwar-
rantable. Abp. Sancroft.
UN-WAR'R ANT-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that cannot be
justified. Wake.
UN-WAR 'RANT-ED, fl. 1. Not warranted ; not authoii-
zed. 2. Not ascertained ; not assured or certain. 3. Not
coveranted to be good, sound or of a certain quality.
UN-Wa'RY, a. 1. Not vigilant against danger ; not cautious ;
unguarded ; precipitate. Dryden. 2. Unexpected ; [o&5.]
UN-WASfl'ED, I a. Not washed ; not cleansed by water.
UN-W^SH'EN, \ Matt. xv.
UN-WaST'ED, a. 1. Not lost by extravagance or negli-
gence ; not lavished away ; not dissipated. 2. Not con-
sumed by time or violence. 3. Not lost by exhaustion,
evaporation or other means.
UN-WaST'ING, a. Not growing less ; not decaying.
UN-WA'TERED, a. Not watered; dry. Pope.
t UN-WaY'ED, a. Not used to travel. Suckling.
UN-WeAK'ENED, a. Not weakened ; not enfeebled.
UN-WEALTH'Y, (un-welth'y) a. Not wealthy. Lang-
home.
UN WEAP'ONED, (un-wep'nd) a. Not furnished with
weapons or offensive arms. Raleigh.
UN-WeA'RI-A-BLE, a. That cannot be wearied ; indefat-
igable. [Little used.] Hooker.
UN-WeA'RI-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be fatigued Bp.
Hall.
UN-WeA'RIED, a. 1. Not tired ; not fatigued. 2. Inde-
fatigable ; continual ; that does not tire or sink under fa-
tigue^
UN-WeA'RIED-LY, adv. Without tiring or sinking under
fatigue.
UN-WeA'RIED-NESS, n. State of being unwearied.
UN-WeA'RY, a. Not weary ; not tired.
UN-WeA'RY, v. t. To refresh after fatigue. Temple.
UN-WeAVE', v. t. To unfold ; to undo what has been
woven. Sandys.
UN- WED', a. Unmarried. Shak.
UN-WED'DED, a. Unmarried; remaining single.
t UN-WEDftE'A-BLE, (un-wedj'a-bl) a. Not to be split
with wedges. Shak.
UN-WEED'ED, a. Not weeded; not cleared of weeds.
UN-V/EEP'ED. See Unwept.
f UN-WEET ING, ffl. Ignorant; unknowing.
f UN-WEET'ING-LY, adv. Ignorantly. Spenser.
UN-WEIGH'ED, a. 1. Not weighed ; not having the weight
ascertamed. 2. Not deliberately considered and examin-
ed. 3. Not considerate ; negligent.
UN-WEIGH'ING, a. Inconsiderate; thoughtless. Shak.
L)N_WEL'€6ME, a. Not welcome ; not grateful ; not pleas-
ing ; not well receiverl.
UN-WELL', a. Not well ; indisposed ; not in good health.
UN-WELL'NESS, n. State of being indisposed.
UN-WEPT', a. Not lamented ; not mourned.
UN- WET', a. Not wet or moist. Dryden.
UN-WHIP'PED, ) a. Not whipped ; not corrected with the
UN-WHIPT', \ rod. Pope.
UN- WHOLE', a. [Sec! Whole.] Not sound ; infirm.
UN-WHoLE'S6ME, a. 1. Not wholesome ; unfavorable to
health; insalubrious. 2.. Pernicious.
UN-WHoLE'S6ME-NESS, 71. Insalubrity ; state or quality
of being injurious or noxious to health.
UN-WIeLD'I-LY, adv. Heavily ; with difficulty. Dry
den. _
UN-WIeLD'I-NESS, n. Heaviness ; difficulty of being mov
ed. Donne.
UN-WIeLD'Y, a. That is moved with difficulty ; unman-
ageable ; bulky ; ponderous.
UN-WILL'ED, a. Not willed ; not produced by the will
UN-WILL'ING, a. Not willing ; loth ; disinclined.
UN-WILL'ING-LY, adv. Not with good will ; not cheer-
fully ; reluctantly.
UN-WILL'ING-NESS, n. Lothness; disinclination; re-
luctance.
UN-WIND', V. t.; pret. and pp. unwound. 1. To wind off;
to loose or separate what is wound. 2. To disentani;'e.
UN-WiND', V. i. To admit evolution. Mortimer.
UN-WlP'ED, a. Not cleaned by rubbing. Shak.
UN-WlSE', a. 1. Not wise ; not choosing the best means
for the end ; defective in wisdom. 2. Not dictated by
wisdom ; not adapted to the end.
UN-WlSE'LY, adv. Not wisely ; not prudently.
t UN- WISH', V. t. To wish that which is, not to be. Sha.c.
UN-WISH'ED, a. Not wished ; not sought ; not desired.
Pope.
t UN-WIST', a. Not known. Spenser.
f UN-WIT', t;. t. To deprive of understanding. Shak
UN-WITH-DRAW'ING, a. Not withdrawing ; contim:«i y
liberal. Milton.
UN-WITH'ERED, a. Not withered or faded.
UN-WITH'ER-ING, a. Not liable to wither or fade.
UN-WITH-STOOD', a. Not opposed. Philips.
UN-WIT'NESSED, a. Not witnessed ; not attested by wit-
nesses ; wanting testimony.
UN-WIT'Tl-LY, adv. Without wit. Cowley.
UN-WIT'TING-LY, adv. Without knowledge or conscious-
ness ; ignorantly.
UN-WIT'TY, a. Not witty ; destitute of wit.
t UN-WrV'ED, a. Having no wife. Selden.
UN-WOM'AN, V. t. To deprive of the qualitiesof a woman.
UN-WOM'AN-LY, a. Unbecoming a woman.
UN-W6NT', a. [a contraction of unwonted.] Unaccustom-
ed ; unused. Spenser.
UN-WoNT'ED, a. I. Unaccustomed ; unused ; net made
familiar by practice. 2. Uncommon ; unusual ; infre-
quent ; rare.
UN-W6NT'ED-NESS, n. Uncommonness ; rareness.
UN-WOO'ED, a. Not wooed ; not courted. Shak.
UN-W6RK'ING, a. Living without labor. Locke.
t UN-W6RM'ED, a. Not wormed. Beaumont.
UN-WoRN', a. Not worn ; not impaired. Young.
UN-WoR'SHIPED, a. Not worshiped; not adored Mil-
ton.
UN-W6R'SHIP-ING, a. Not worshiping. Matthews.
UN-W6R'THI-LY, adv. Not according to desert ; without
due regard to merit.
UN-W6R'THI-NESS, n. Want of worth or merit.
UN-W6R'TH\ , a. 1. Not deserving ; followed by of. 2.
Not deserving ; wanting merit. 3. Unbecoming ; vile ;
base. 4. Not suitable ; inadequate.
UN-WOUND', pp. of iDind. Wound off; untwisted.
UN-WOUND'ED, a. 1. Not wounded ; not hurt ; not injur-
ed in body. 2. Not hurt ; not offended.
UN- WRAP', V. t. To open what is wrapped or folded.
UN-WReATH', v. t. To untwist or untwine. Boyle.
UN-WR1[N'KLE, v. t. To reduce wrinkles ; to smooth.
UN-WRiT'ING, a. Not writing; not assuming the charac-
ter of an author.
UN-WRIT'TEN, (un-rit'n) a. 1. Not written ; not reduced
to writing ; verbal. 2. Blank ; containing no writing.
UN- WROUGHT', (un-rawf) a. Not labored ; not manufact-
ured ; not reduced to due form. Dryden.
UN-WRUNG', (un-rung') a. Not pinched. Shak.
UN-YIeLD'ED, a. Not yielded ; not conceded.
UN-YIELD'ING, a. 1. Not yielding; unbending; unpli
ant;_stiff; firm; obstinate. 2. Not giving place.
UN-YoKE', v.t. 1. To loose from a yoke ; to free from a
yoke_. Shak. 2. To part ; to disjoin. Shak.
UN-YoK'ED, p;). 1. Freed from the yoke. 2. a. Not hav
ing worn the yoke. 3. Licentious ; unrestrained.
UN-YoK'ING, ppr. Freeing from the yoke.
UN-ZoN'ED, a. Not bound with a girdle. Prior.
UP, adv.' [Sax. up,upp ; G. auf,- D., Dan. op ; Sw. up.] 1.
Aloft ; on high. 2. Out of bed. 3. Having risen from a
seat. 4. From a state of concealment or discumbiture,
5. In a state of being built. Shak. 6. Above the horizon.
7. To a state of excitement. 8. To a state of advance or
proficiency. 9. In a state of elevation or exaltation. 10.
In a state of climbing or ascending. IL In a state of in-
surrection. 12. In a state of being increased or raised.
13. In a state of approaching. 14. In order. 15. From
younger to elder years. — Up and down. 1. From one
place to another; here and there. 2. From one state oi
position to another ; backwards and forwards. — Up to, to
See Synapsis A. K, I, O, U, Yj long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete
UPH
895
URG
a degree or point adequate. — Up with, raise ; lift. — Up is
much used to modify the actions expressed by verbs.
UP, prep. From a lower to a higher place ; as, go up the
hill.
UP-BEaR , v.t.j pret upbore; pp. upbcrne. 1. To raise
aloft ; to lift j to elevate. 2. To sustain aloft ; to sup-
port in an elevated situation. 3. To support; to sustain.
[JP-BiND', V. t. To bind up. Collins.
"■ UP-BLoW, V. t. To blow up. Spenser.
[JP-BRaID', v. t. [Sax. upgebredan ; Dan. bebrejder.] 1.
To charge with something wrong or disgraceful ; to re-
proach ; to cast in the teeth. 2. To reproach ; to chide.
3. To reprove with severity. 4. To bring reproach on. 5
To treat v/ith contempt ; [obs.]
UP-BRaID'ED, pp. Charged with something wrong or dis-
graceful ; reproached ; reproved.
UP-BRaID'ER, n. One who upbraids or reproves.
UP-BRaID'INCt, ppr. Accusing ; casting in the teeth ; re-
proaching ; reproving.
UP-BRaID'ING, n. 1. A charging vVith something wrong
or disgraceful; the act of reproaching or reproving. 2.
The reproaches or accusations of conscience.
t UP-BRaY', for upbraid, to shame. Spenser.
t UP-BROUGHT', (up-brawf) a. Brought up ; educated.
UP'€AST, a. 1. Cast up ; a term in bowling. 2. Thrown
upwards ; as, with upcast eyes. Dryden.
UP'CaST, n. In bowling, a cast ; a throw. Shak.
t UP-DRAW, V. t. To draw up. Milton.
t UP-GAT H'ER, v.t. To contract. Spenser.
t UP-GRoW, V. i. To grow up. Milton.
UP'HAND, a. Lifted by the hand. Moxon.
UPHEAVE', V. t. To heave or lift up.
UP-HELD', prei. and pp. of uphold. Sustained.
UP'HILL, a. Difficult, like the act of ascending a hill.
t UP-HoARD', V. t. To hoard up. Shak.
UP-HoLD', V. «. ,• pret. and pp. upheld. [Upholden is obso-
lete.] 1. To lift on high ; to elevate. 2. To support ; to
sustain ; to keep from falling or slipping. 3. To keep
from declension. 4. To support in any state. 5. To
continue; to maintain. 6. To keep from being lost. 7.
To continue without failing. 8. To continue in being.
UP-HoLD'ER, n, 1. One that upholds ; a supporter ; a de-
fender; a sustainer. 2. An undertaker; one who pro-
vides for funerals.
UP-HoL'STER-ER, n. [from up and hold.] One who fur-
nishes houses with beds, curtains and the like. Pope.
UP-HoL'STER-Y, n. Furniture supplied by upholsterers.
UP'LAND, n. High land ; ground elevated above the
meadows and intervals which lie oji the banks of rivers,
near the sea, or between hills ; land which is generally
dry.
UP'LAND, a. 1. Higher in situation ; being on upland. 2.
Pertaining to uplands.
UP-LAND'ISH, a. Pertaining to uplands ; dwelling on
high lands or mountains. Chapman.
UP-LAY', V. t. To lay up ; to hoard. Donne.
UP-LeAD', v. t. To lead upwards. Milton.
UP-LED', pp. Led upwards.
UP-LIFT', V. t. To raise aloft ; to raise ; to elevate.
UP-LIFT'ED, pp. Raised high ; lifted ; elevated.
t UP-LOCK', V. t. To lock up. Shak.
t UP-LQOK', V. t. To look up. Shak.
UP'MoST, a. [up and most.] Highest ; topmost. [L. u.]
UP-ON', prep. [Sax. ufan, ufon, or ufe. This is probably
up and on.] 1. Resting or being on the top or surface ; as,
being upon a hill. 2. In a state of resting or dependence.
3. Denoting resting, as a burden. 4. In the direction or
part of. 5. Relating to. 6. In consideration of. 7. Near
to. 8. With, or having received. 9. On the occasion of;
engaged in for the execution of. 10. In ; during the time
of. 11. Noting security. 12. Noting approach or attack.
13. Noting exposure, or incurring some danger or loss. 14.
At the time of; on occasion of. 15. By inference from,
or pursuing a certain supposition. 16. Engaged in. 17.
Having a particular manner. 18. Resting or standing, as
on a condition. 19. Noting means of subsistence or sup-
port. 20. Noting dependence for subsistence.
UP'PER, a. [comp. from up.] 1. Higher in place. 2. Su-
perior in rank or dignity ; as, the upper house of a legisla-
ture. — Upper-hand, advantage; superiority. — Upper-works,
in a ship, the parts above water when the ship is properly
balanced for a voyage.
UP'PER-MoST, a. [superl. ; upper and most.] 1. Highest
in place. 2. Highest in power or authority. 3. Predom-
inant ; most powerful.
UP'PISH, a. Proud ; arrogant. [j1 low wo7-d.']
UP-RaISE', v. t. [2ip and raise.] To raise ; to lift up.
UP-ReAR', v. t. [up and rear.] To rear up ; to raise.
Oaij. I
UP'RiGHT, (up'rite) o. [up and right.] 1. Erect; perpen-
dicular to the plane of the horizon. 2. Erected ; prick-
ed up ; shooting directly from the body. 3. Honest ;
iust ; adhering to rectitude in all social intercourse ; not
deviating from correct moral principles. 4. Conformable
to inoral rectitude.
UP'RiGHT, n. 1. In architecture, a representation or
draught of the front of a building ; called also an eleva-
tion or orthography. 2. Something standing erect or per
pendicular.
UP-RlGHT'LY, adv. 1. In a direction perpendicular to the
plane of the horizon ; in an erect position. 2. Honestly ,
with strict observance of rectitude.
UP-RlGHT'NESS, n. 1. Perpendicular erection. 2. Hon-
esty ; integrity in principle or practice ; conformity to rec-
titude and justice in social dealings.
UP-RlSE', V. i. ; pret. uprose; pp. uprisen. 1 To rise from
bed or from a seat. 2. To ascend above the horizon. 3
To ascend, as a hill ; [obs.]
t UP-RlSE', n. A rising ; appearance above the horizon.
UP-RiS'ING, ppr. Rising ; ascending.
UP-RlS'ING, 71. The act of rising. Ps. cxxxix.
UP'RoAR, 71. [D. oproer; G. aufruhr.] Great tumult ; vio-
lent disturbance and noise ; bustle and clamor.
t UP-RoAR', V. t. To throw into confusion.
UP-RoLL', V. t. [up and roll.] To roll up. Milton.
UP-ROOT', v.t. To root up ; to tear up by the roots.
UP-R6usE', v. t. To rouse from sleep ; to awake.
UP-SET', V. t. [up and set.] To overturn ; to overthrow ;
to overset, as a carriage.
UP'SHOT, n. [up and shot.] Final issue ; conclusion ; end
UP'SlDE DOWN. The upper part undermost.— As a
phrase, this denotes in confusion. South.
t UP'SPRING, n. [up and spring.] An upstart. Shak.
t UP-SPRING', V. i. To spring up. Sackville.
t UP-STAND', V. i. To be erected. May.
UP-START', v.i. To start or spring up suddenly.
UP'STARTjTi. 1. One that suddenly rises from low life
to wealth, power or honor. 2. Something that springs up
suddenly.
UP'START, a. Suddenly raised. Shak.
UP-STaY', v. t. [up and stay.] To sustain ; to support.
t UP-SWARM', 77. t. To raise in a swarm. Shak.
t UP-TaKE', 73. t. To take into the hand. Spenser.
UP-TEaR', v. t. [up and tear.] To tear up. Milton.
t UP-TRaIN', v. t. To train up ; to educate. Spenser.
UP-TURN', V. t. To turn up ; to throw up. Pope.
UP'WARD, a. Directed to a higher place.
fUP'WARD, 71. The top. Shak.
UP'WARD, ) adv. 1. Toward a higher place ; opposed to
UP'WARDS, \ downward. 2. Toward heaven and God
3. With respect to the higher part. 4. More than, indefi-
nitely. 5. Toward the source. Pope.
UP-WHtRL', 77. i. [up and whirl.] To rise upwards in a
whirl ; to whirl upwards. Milton.
UP-WHiRL', 77. t. To raise upwards in a whirling direc-
tion.
UP-WiND', 77. t. [up and wind.] To wind up. Spenser.
U-RAN-GLIM'MER, n.
chalcolite.
U'RAN-ITE, n. An ore or phosphate of uranium.
U-RAN-IT'I€, a. Pertaining to uranite, or resembling it.
U-Ra'NI-UM, 71. [Gr. ovpavos.] A metal discovered in 1789
by Klaproth, in the mineral called pechblerid.
U-RAN-o'€HER, n. Pechblend, an ore of uranium, con
t[:ining the metal in an oxydized state.
U-RAN-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ovpavo? and Xoyos.] A discourse
or treatise on the heavens. Mitchill.
UR-BaNE', a. [L. urbanus, from urbs, a city.] Civil ; court-
eous in manners ; polite.
UR-BAN'I-TY, n. [Fr. urbanite ; L. urbanitas.] 1. Tha.
civility or courtesy of manners which is acquired by asso
ciating with well-bred people ; politeness ; polished man-
ners. 2^ Facetiousness.
UR'BAN-IZE, V. t. To render civil and courteous ; to pol
ish.
UR'CE-O-LATE, a. [L. urceolus.] In botany, shaped like
a pitcher ; swelling out like a pitcher. Lee.
UR'CHIN, 77. [Arm. heureuchin ; L. erinaceus.] 1. A name
given to the hedgehog. 2. A name of slight anger given
to a child.
t URE, n. Use ; practice.
U'RE-A, n. A substance obtained Irom urine. Ure.
URE-TER, n. [Gr. ovpnTvp-l A tube conveying the urine
from the kidney to the bladder. Q,uincy.
U-Re'THRA, 77. [Gr. ovprjdpa.] The caTial by which the
urine is conducted from the bladder and discharged.
URGE, V. t. [L. urgeo.] 1. To press ; to push ; to drive ;
to impel ; to apply force to, in almost any manner. 2. To
press the mind or will ; to press by motives, arguments,
persuasion or importunity. 3. To provoke ; to exasper-
ate. 4. To follow close ; to impel, 5. To labor vehe-
mently ; to press with eagerness. 6. To press. 7. To
importune ; to solicit earnestly. 8. To apply forcibly.
URGE, t;. 7. To press lorward ; as, he strives to urge up-
ward.
URGED, pp. Pressed ; impelled ; importuned.
An ore of uranium , uran-mica ;
See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; Gas J ; SasZ ; CH as SH; THasin tfc. f Obsolete
LSb
896
UTM
Ufid'EN-CY, 71. 1. Pressure ; importunity ; earnest solici-
tation. 2. Pressure of necessity.
URG'ENT, a. 1. Pressing with importunity. Ex. xii. 2.
Pressing witli necessity ; violent ; vehement.
U&G'ENT-LY, adv. With pressuig importunity ; violently ;
Tehemently ; forcibly. ^
Uil6'ER, 7!. One who urges ; one who importunes.
URGE'-WoN-DER, n. A sort of grain. Mortimer.
UR'GING, ppr. 1. Pressing ; driving ; impelling. 2. a.
Pressing with solicitations ; importunate.
U'RI€, a. In chemistry, the uric acid, called also lithic acid,
is obtained from the urinary calculi.
U'RISI, 7^. [Feb. On^N.] The Urim and Thummim, among
the Israelites, signify lights and perfections. These were
a kind of ornament" belonging to the habit of the high
priest, in virtue of which he gave oracular answers to the
people.
DRIN-AL, n. [Fr. urinal ; L. urinalis.] 1. A bottle in
which urine is kept for inspection. 2. A vessel for
containing urine.— 3. In chemistry, an oblong glass ves-
sel, used in making solutions. Cyc.
U'RI-NA-RY, a. [from urijie.] Pertaining to uiine.
U'RI-NA-RF, or U-R1-Na'RI-UM, n. In agriculture, a res-
ervoir or place for the reception of urme, &c. for manure.
Cyc.
U'RI-NA-TlVE, a. Provoking urine. Bacon.
U'-RIN-A-TOR, 71. [L.] A diver; one who plunges and
sinks in water in search of something, as for pearls. Ray.
U'RINE, 71. [L. urina.] An animal fluid or liquor secret-
ed by the kidneys, whence it is conveyed into the blad-
der by the ureters, ard through the urethra discharged.
U'RINE, V. i. To discharge urine. Bacon.
U'RI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to urine, or partaking of its qual-
ities. Arbuthnot.
URN, 71. [L. urna.] 1. A kind of vase, of a roundish form,
largest in the middle, used as an ornament. 2. A vessel
for water. 3. A vessel in which the ashes of the dead
were formerly kept. 4. A Roman measure for liquids,
containing about three gallons and a half, wine meas-
^ure.
UxlN, V. t. To inclose in an urn. May.
U-ROS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. ovgov and o-/c£;rrw.] Inspection of
urine. Brown.
UR'RY, n. A sort of blue or black clay, lying near a vein
'^fcoal. Mortimer.
UR'SA, n. [L.] The Bear, a constellation, the greater and
lesser bear, near the north pole.
UR'SI-FORM, a. [L. ursa, bear, and form.] In the shape
of a bear.
UR'SlNE, a. [L. ursimLs."] Pertaining to or resembling a
bear.
UR'SU-LINE, a. Denoting an order of nuns who observe
the rule of St. Austin ; so called from their institutress,
St. Ursula. Cyc.
U'RTJS, or URE, n. [L. wus.] The wild buU.
US, pron. objective case of we.
UiSA-BLE, a. That may be used.
U'SAGE, 7(. [Fr.] 1. TreatQient ; an action or series of
actions performed by one person towards another, or
which directly affect him. 2. Use, or long-continued use ;
custom ; practice. 3. Ttlannei-s ; behavior ; [ohs.']
t U'SA-GER, n. [Fr.] One who has the use of any thing in
trust for another. Daniel.
U'SANCE, 7i, [Fr.] 1 I/se ; proper employment. Q. Usu-
ry ; interest paid for money. — 3. In commerce, a determi-
nate time fixed for the paymentof bills of exchange, reck-
oned either from the day of their date, or the day of
their acceptance.
USE, n. [L. usus ; It. usoi Fr. its, plu.] 1. The act of
handling or employing in any manner, and for any pur-
pose, but especially for a profitable purpose. 2. Employ-
ment ; application of any thing to a purpose, good or bad.
3. Usefulness; utility ; advantage ; production of benefit.
4. Need of employment, or occasion to employ. 5. Pow-
er of receiving advantage ; [unusual.] 6. Continued prac-
tice or employment. 7. Custom ; common occurrence ;
[unusual.] 8. Interest ; the premium paid for the pos-
session and employment of boiTOwed money. Soiitk. — 9.
In law, the benefit' or profit of lands and tenements. — In
iise. 1 . In employment. 2. In customary practice or ob-
servance.
USE, V. t. [Fr. user ; It. usare ; Sp. usar ; L. utor, usus.]
1. To employ ; to handle, hold, occupy or move for some
purpose. 2. To waste, consume or exhaust by employ-
ment. 3. To accustom i to habituate ; to render familiar
by practice. 4. To treat. 5. To practice customarily.—
To use one^s self, to behave ; [obs.] Shak.
USE, v.i. 1. To be accustomed ; to practice customarily.
2. To be wont. 3. To frequent ; to innabit.
USED, pp. Employed ; occupied ; treated.
USEFUL, a. Producing or having power to produce good ;
beneficial ; profitable ; helpful towards advancing any
purpose.
USE'FUL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to produce cr ad-
vance some end.
USE'FUL-NESS, n, Conduciveness to some end, properly
to some valuable end.
USE'LESS, a. Having no use; unserviceable; producing
no good end ; answering no valuable purpose ; not ad-
vancing the end proposed. Gay.
USE'LESS-LY, adv. In a useless manner ; without profit or
advantage. Locke.
USE'LESS-NESS, n. Unserviceableness ; unfitness for any
valuable purpose, or for the purpose intended.
US'ER, n. One who uses, treats or occupies.
USH'ER, 71. [Fr. huissier ; It. uscio.] 1. An ofiicer whose
business is to introduce strangers, or to walk before a per
son of rank. 2. An under-teacher or assistant to the pre-
ceptor of a school.
USHER, V. t. To introduce, as a forerunner or harbinger ;
to forerun. Milton.
USH'ERED, pp. Introduced.
USH'ER-ING, ppr. Introducing, as a forerunner,
*USaUE-BAUGH, n. [Ir. uisge, water, s.nA bagh,\\fe.]
A compound distilled spirit. From this word, by corrup-
tion, we have whiskey.
US'TION, 71. [Fr. ustion ; L. ustio.] The act of burning ;
the state of being burnt.
US-To'RI-OUS, a. Having the qualitv pf burning.
US-TU-La'TION, n. [L. ustulatus.] 1. The act of burn-
ing or searing. — 2. In metallurgy, ustulation is the opera-
tion of expelling one substance from another by heat. — 3.
Jn pharmacy, the roasting or drying of moist substances so
as to prepare them for pulverizing.
US'U-AL, (yu'zhu-al) a. [Fr. usuel ; from use.] Customary ;
common ; frequent ; such as occurs in ordinary practice,
or in the ordinary course of events.
US'U-AL-LY, (yu'zhu-al-ly) adv. Commonly ; customarily ;
ordinarily.
US'U-AL-NESS, (yu'zhu-al-nes) n. Commonness ; fre-
quency.
U-SU-CAFTION, n. [L. iisus and capio.] In the civil law
the same ss prescription in the common law ; the acquisi
tion of the title or right to property by the uninterrupted
and undisputed possession of it for a certain term prescrib-
ed by law.
U'SU-FRU€T, 71. [L. ustm and fructus.] The temporary
use and enjoyment of lands or tenements.
U-SU-FRU€T'U-A-RY, 71. A person who has the use and
enjoyment of property for a time, without having the title
or property. Johnson.
US' URE, V. i. To practice usury. Shak. '
US'U-RER, (yii'zhu-rer) n. 1. Formerly, a person who lent
money and took interest for it. — 2. In present usage, one
who lends money at a rate of interest beyond the rate es
tablished by law.
U-SU'RI-OUS, a. 1. Practicing usury ; taking exorbitant
interest for the use of money. 2. Partaking of usury ;
containing usury.
U-Su RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a usurious manner.
U-SU'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being usu-
rious.
U-SURP', V. t. [Fr usurper ; L. usurpo.] To seize and hold
in possession by force or without right.
U-SUR-Pa'TION, n. The act of seizing or occupying and
enjoying the property of another without right.
U-SURP'ED, iyU'ZmpV) pp. Seized or occupied and enjoy-
ed by violence, or without right.
U-SURP'ER, n. One who seizes or occupies the property of
another without right. Dryden.
U-SURP'ING, ppr. Seizing or occupying the power or prop-
erty of another without right. Pope.
U-SURP'ING-LY, adv. By- usurpation ; without just right
or claim. Shak.
US'U-RY, (yu'zhu-ry) n. [Fr. usure ; L. usura.] 1. For-
merly, interest ; or a premium paid or stipulated to be
paid for the use of money. — 2. In present usage, illegal in-
terest ; a premium or compensation paid, &r stipulated to
be paid, for the use of money borrowed, beyond the rate of
interest established by law. 3. The practice of taking
interest : [obs.]
U'TAS. SeeUxis.
*U-TEN'SIL, n. [Fr. utensile.] An instrument; that
which is used ; particularly, an instrument or vessel used
in a kitchen, or in domestic and farming business.
U'TER-lNE, a. [Fr. uterin; L. titerimis.] Pertaining to
the womb. — Uterine brother or sister is one born of the
same mother, but by a different father.
U-TE-RG-6ES-Ta'TI0N, n. Gestation in the womh from
conception to birth. Pritchard.
U'TE-RUS, 71. [L.l The womb.
U-TIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. utilite : L. utilitas.] Usefulness ;
production of good ; profitableness to some valuable end.
U'TIL-IZE, w. t. [It. utiliziare ; ^"p. utilizar.] To gain ; to
acquire. [P.are.] Journ. of Science.
t U'TIS, 71. Bustle ; stir. Shak.
UT'MoST, a. [Sax. utnuest, utmest.] 1. Extreme ; being
* See Synopsis' A, E. I, 5, U, Y. long.—YAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
v\c
897
VAQ
at the furthest point or extremity. 2. Being in the great-
est or highest degree
UT'MoST, n. The most that caft be ; the greatest power,
degree or effort. Shak.
U-To'PI-AN, a. [from More's Utopia.] Ideal ; chimerical ;
fanciful ; not well founded.
(J'TRI-€LE, n. [L. utriculus.] 1. A little bag or bladder ;
a little cell ; a reservoir in plants to receive the sap. 2. A
capsule of one cell, and containing a solitary seed.
U-TRie'U-LAR, a. Containing utricles j furnished with
glandular vessels like small bags ; as plants. Lee.
UT'TER, a. [Sax.; that is, outer.] 1. Situated on the out-
side, or remote from the centre. 2. Placed or being beyond
any compass ; out of any place. 3. Extreme ; excessive ;
utmost. 4. Complete ; total ; final, 5. Peremptory ; ab-
solute. 6. Perfect; mere; quite.
UT'TER, V. t. 1. To speak ; lo pronounce ; to express. 2.
To disclose ; to discover ; to divulge ; to publish. — 3. In
the law style, to sell ; to vend. 4. To put or send into
circulation ; to put off, as currency, or cause to pass in
commerce.
UT'TER-A-BLE, a. That may be uttered, pronounced or
GXDrcsscd
UT'TER-ANCE, n. 1. The act of uttering words ; pronun-
ciation; manner of speaking. 2. Emission from the
mouth ; vocal expression. 3 [Fr. outrance.] Extremity;
furthest part ; [obs.]
UT'TERED, pp. Spoken ; pronounced ; disclosed ; publieh-
ed ; put into circulation.
UT'TER-ER,n. 1. One who utters ; one who pronounces
2. One who divulges or discloses. 3. One who puts into
circulation. 4. A seller ; a vender.
UT'TER-ING,pp7-. Pronouncing; disclosing; putting into
circulation; selling.
UT'TER-LY, adv. To the full extent ; fully ; perfectly
totally.
UT'TER-MoST, a. [utter and most.] Extreme ; being in
the furthest, greatest or highest degree.
UT'TER-MoST, n. The greatest.— To the uttermost, in the
most extensive degree ; fully.
U'TI-LE, n. Something useful, as opposed to something
ornamental.
tU'TlLE, a. Profitable ; useful.
U'VE-OUS, a. [L. uva.] Resembling a grape. Ray.
U'VU-LA, ?i. [L.] A soft, round, spungy body, suspended
from tlie palate near the foramina of the nostrils, over the
gloj;tis.
UX-O'RI-OUS, a. [L. uxorius.] Submissively fond of a
wife. Bacon.
UX-o'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With fond or servile submission to
a wife. Dryden.
UX-o'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Connubial dotage ; foolish fond-
ness for a wife. More
V.
V' is the twenty-second letter of the English Alphabet,
and a labial articulation, formed by the junction of the
upper teeth with the lower lip, as in pronouncing av, ev,
ov, vain. It is not a close articulation, but one that admits
of some sound. It is nearly allied to/, being formed by
the same organs ; but v is vocal, and /is aspirate, and this
constitutes the principal difference between them. Fand
u were formerly the same letter, derived, no doubt, from
the oriental vau or waw ; but they have now as distinct
uses as any two letters in the alphabet, and are therefore
to be considtyed as different letters. V has one sound
only, as in very, vote, lavish.
As a numeral, V stands for 5. With a dash over it, in old
books, V, it stands for 5000.
Va'€AN-CY, «. [L.vacans: Fr. vacance ; It. vacanza ; Sp.
vacancia,] 1. Empty space ; vacuity. 2. Chasm ; void
space between bodies or objects. 3. The state of being
destitute of an incumbent ; want of the regular officer to
officiate in a place. 4. Time of leisure ; freedom from
employment; intermission ol business. 5. Listlessness ;
em.ptiness of thought. 6. A place or office not occupied,
or destitute of a person to fill it; as, a vacancy in a
school.
Va'CANT, a. [Fr.; from L. vacans.] 1. Empty ; not filled ;
void of every substance except air. 2. Empty ; exhausted
of air. 3. Free ; unencumbered ; unengaged with business
or care. 4. Not filled or occupied with an incumbent or pos-
sessor. 5. Bemg unoccupied with business. 6. Empty
of thought ; thoughtless ; not occupied with study or re-
flection. 7. Indicating want of thought.— 8. In law,
abandoned ; having no heir.
Va'CATE, u. f. 1. To annul; to make void; to make of
no authority or validity. 2. To make vacant ; to quit
possession and leave destitute. 3. To defeat ; to put an
end to ; [unusual.]
\ A' GA-TED, pp. Annulled; made void ; made vacant.
Va'CA-TING, ppr. Making void ; making vacant.
VA-€a'TION, 71. [Fr. ; h. va-atio.] 1. The act of making
void, vacant, or of no validity. '2. Intermission of judi-
cial proceedings ; the space of time between the end of
one term and the beginning of the next ; non-term. 3.
The intermission of the regular studies and exercises of a
college or other seminary, when the students have a re-
cess. 4. Intermission of a stated employment. 5. The
time when a see or other spiritual dignity is vacant. 6.
Leisure ; freedom from trouble or perplexity ; [little used.]
VAC'CA-RY, M. [L. vacca.] An old word signifying a
cow-house, dairy-house, or a cow-pasture. Bailey.
*VAC'IL-LAN-CY, w. [L. vacillans.] A state of waver-
ing ; fluctuation ; inconstancy. More.
VAC'IL-LANT, a. Wavering ; fluctuating ; unsteady.
VAC'IL-LATE, V. r. [Ij. vacillo.] 1. To waver ; to move
one way and the other ; to reel or stagger. 2. To fluctu-
ate in mind or opinion , to waver ; to be unsteady or in-
constant.
V AC'IL-LA-TING,ppr. 1. Wavering ; reeling ; fluctuating.
2. a. Unsteady ; inclined to fluctuate.
VAC-IL-La'TION, w. [Fr.; Jj.vacillatio.] 1. A wavering ;
a moving one way and the other ; a reeling or staggering.
2. Fluctuation of mind ; unsteadiness ; change from one
object to another.
VAC'CIN-ATE, V. t. [L. imcca, a cow.] To inoculate with
the cow-pox, or a virus originally taken from cows, called
vaccine matter.
VA€'CIN-A-TED, pp. Inoculated with the cow-pox.
VAC CIN-A-TING, ppr. Inoculating with the cow-pox.
VAC-CIN-A'TION, 71. The act, art or practice of inocula-
ting persons with the cow-pox.
VACCINE, a. [L. vaccinus.] Pertaining to cows ; origin-
ating with or derived from cows.
t VA€'U-ATE, V. t. [L. vacuo.] To make void. Secular
Priest exposed.
VA€-U-A'TION, n. [L. vacuo.] The act of emptying
[Little used.]
VAC'U-IST, n. [from vacuum.] One who holds to the
doctrine of a vacuum in nature, opposed to aplenist.
VA-€U'I-TY, n. [L:. vacuitas.] 1. Emptiness; a state of
being unfilled. 2. Space unfilled or unoccupied, or occu-
pied with an invisible fluid only. 3. Emptiness ; void.
4. Inanity ; emptiness ; want of reality. 5. Vacuum,
which see.
VAC'U-OUS, a. Empty ; unfilled ; void. Milton.
VAC'U-OUS-NESS, n. I'he state of being empty.
VAC'U-UM, 71. [L.] Space empty or devoid of all matter
or body.
t VADE, v^i. [L. vado.] To vanish ; to pass away. Wotton.
Va-DE-Me'CUM, n. [L. go with me.] A book or other
thing that a person carries with him as a constant com-
panion ; a manual.
VAG'A-BOND, a. [Ij.vagabundus.] 1. Wandering; mov-
ing from place to place without any settled habitation. 2.
Wandering ; floating about without any certain direction ;
driven to and fro.
VAG'A-BOND, n. A vagrant ; one who wanders from town
to town or place to place, having no certain dwelling,
or not abiding in it.
VAG'4-BOND-RY, n. A state of wandering in idleness.
VA-Ga'RY, n. [L. vagus.] A wandering of the thoughts ;
a wild freak ; a whim ; a whimsical purpose.
f VA-Ga'RY, v. i. [Old Fr. vaguer.] To wander ; to gad ;
to range ; to roam ; to remove often from place to place.
Cotgrave.
t Va'GI-ENT, a. [Ij.vagiens.] Crying like a child. Jifore.
VAG'I-NAL, a. [L. vagina.] Pertaining to a sheath, or
resembling a sheath.
VAG'I-NANT, a. [L. vagina.] In botany, sheathing.
VA6'I-NA-TED, a. In botany, sheathed ; invested by the
tubular base of the leaf, as a stem. Martyn.
VAG-I-NO-PEN'NOUS, a. [L. vagina and penna.] Hav-
ing the wings covered with a hard case or sheath, as in-
sects.
Va'GOUS, a. [1^. vagus; Fx. vague.] Wandering; un-
settled. [Little used.] Ayliffe.
\N-CY,7i. [f
without a settled home.
Va'GRAN-CY, 71. [from vagrant,] A state of wandering
Va'GRANT, a. [L. vagor.] 1. Wandering from place to
place without any settled habitation. 2. Wandering;
unsettled ; moving without any certain direction.
See Synopsis. MOVE BQOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— e as K : G as J : S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
VAL
VAN
VA'GRANT, n. [Norm, vagarant.] An idle wanderer ; a
vagabond ; one who strolls from place to place ; a sturdy
beggar j one who has uo settled habitation, or who does
not abide in it.
VaGUE, (vag) a. [Fr.; L. vagus.] 1. Wandering ; vagrant ;
vagabond ; [obs.] 2. Unsettled ; unfixed , undetermined ;
indefinite. 3. Proceeding from no known authority ; fly-
ing ; uncertain.
VAIL, K. [Fr. voile; It. velo ; L. velum.] 1. Any kind of
cloth which is used for intercepting the view and hiding
something. 2. A piece of thin cloth or sUkstufi', used by
females to hide their faces. 3. A cover ; that which con-
ceals. — 4. In botany, the membranous covering of the
germen in the musci and hepaticm ,• the calypter. 5. Trails,
money given to servants. Dryden.
VaIL, v. t. [L. velo.] To cover , to hide from the sight.
t VaII,, v. t. [Fr. avaler.] 1. To let fall. Carew. 2. To
let fall ; to lower. 3. To let fall ; to sink. Shak.
fVAlL, ^•. i. To yield or recede j to give place; to show
respect by yielding. South.
VaILED, pp. Covered ; concealed.
fVAlL'ER, 71. One who yields from respect. Overbury.
VaIL'IJVG, ppr. Covering ; hiding from the sight.
VaIN, a. [Fr. vain; It. vaiio ; L. vanus.] 1. Empty;
worthless ; having no substance, value or importance. 2.
Fruitless ; inefiectual. 3. Proud of petty things, or of
trifling attainments ; elated with a high opinion of one's
own accomplishments, or with things more showy than
valuable ; conceited. 4. Empty ; unreal. 5. Showy ;
ostentatious. 6. Light ; inconstant ; worthless. Prov. xii.
7. Empty ; unsatisfied. 8. False ; deceitful ; not genuine ;
spurious. James i. 9. Not eff'ectual ; having no efficacy.
— /«, tjaiM, to no purpose ; vrithout effect ; ineffectual. — To
take the name of God in vain, to use the name of God with
levity or profaneness.
VaIN-GLo'RI-OUS, a. [vain and glorious.] 1. Vain to
excess of one's own achievements ; elated beyond due
measure ; boastful. 2. Boastful ; proceeding from vanity.
VaIN-GLo'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With empty pride. Jililtan.
VaIN-GLo'IIY, 71. [vain and glory.] Exclusive vanity
excited by one's own performances ; empty pride ; undue
elation of mind.
VaIN'LY, adv. 1. Without effect ; to no purpose ; ineffect-
ually ; in vain. 2. Boastingly ; with vaunting ; proudly ;
arrogantly. 3. Idly ; foolishly.-
VaIN'NESS, n. 1. The state of being vain ; inefficacy ;
ineffectualiiess. 2. Empty pride ; vanity.
VAIR, 71. In heraldry, a kind of fur or doubling, consisting
of divers little pieces, argent and azure, resembling a bell-
glass.
VATR, I a. In heraldry, charged with vair ; variegated
VAIR'Y, \ with argent" and azure colors, when the term
is vairy proper ; and with other colors, when it is vair or
vairy compo . ed. Todd.
VaI'VODE, n. [Sclav.] A prince of the Dacian provinces ;
sometimes written 2caiwode, for this is the pronunciation.
VAL'ANCE, n. [qu. Fr. avalant, faffing ; Norm, valaunt.]
The fringes of drapery hanging round the tester and head
of abed. Swift.
VAL'ANCE, v. t. To decorate with hanging fringes.
VALE, 7f. [Fr. val ; It. valle ; L. vallis.] 1. A tract of
low ground or of land between hUls ; a vaffey. [Vale is
used in poetry, and valley in prose.] 2. A little trough or
canal. 3. Vales, [avails',] money given to servants ; [not
used in America.]
VAL-E-DI€'TION, 71. [L. valedico.] A farewell; a bid- |
ding farewell.
VAL-E-DI€'TO-RY, a. Bidding farewell.
VAL-E-DI€'TO-RY, v. An oration or address spoken at
commencement, in American colleges, by a member of the
class which receive the degree of bachelor of arts, and
take their leave of college and of each other.
VAL'EN-TINE, 7t. 1. A sweetheart or choice made on Val-
entine's day. 2. A letter sent by one young person to
another on Valentine's day.
VA-Le'RI-AN, n. A plant of the genus Valeriana.
*VAL'ET, 71. [Fr.] 1. A waiting-servant ; a servant v,'ho
attends on a gentleman's person. — 2. In the manege, a kind
of goad or stick armed with a point of iron. Cyc.
VAI^£-TU-DI-NaiRI-AN, or VAL-E-TtJ'DI-NA-RY, a.
[1,. valetiidinarius.] Sickly; weak; infirm; seeking to
recover health.
VAL-E-TU-DI-Na-TvI-AN, I n. A person of a weak, infirm
VAL-E-Tu'DI-NA-RY, \ or sickly constitution; one
who is seeking to recover health.
f VAL'IANCE, (val'yans) n. Bravery ; valor. Spenser.
VAL'IANT, (valiyant) a. [F. vaillant.] 1. Primarily,
st.-ong; vigorous in body. 2. Brave ; courageous ; intrep-
id in danger ; heroic. 3. Performed with valor ; bravely
conducted ; heroic.
VAL'IANT-LY, adv. 1. Stoutly; vigorously; with per-
sonal strength. 2. Courageously; bravely; heroically.
VAL'IANT-NESS, n. 1. Stoutness ; strength.— 2. Most
generally, valor ; bravery ; intrepidity in danger.
VAL'ID, a. [Fr. valide : L. validus.] 1. Having sufficient
strength or force ; founded in truth ; sound ; just ; good ;
that can be supported ; not weak or defective. 2. Having
legal strength or force ; efficacious ; executed with the prop-
er formalities ; that cannot be rightfully overthrown or set
aside ; supportable by law or right. 3. Strong ; powerful ;
[obs.]
VA-LID'I-TY, n. [Fr. validite.] 1. Strength or force to con-
vince ; justness ; soundness. 2. Legal strength or force ;
that quality of a thing which renders it supportable in
law or equity. 3. Value ; [not in use.] Shak.
VAL'iD-LZ , adv. In a valid manner ; in such a manne' or
degree as to make firm or to convince.
VAL'ID-NESS, n. Validity, which see.
VA-LiSE', 7*. [Fr.] A horseman's case or portmanteau.
VAL-LAN'C Y, n. [from valance.] A large wig that shades
the face. Dryden.
VAL-La'TION, n. [L. vallatus.] An entrenchment. War-
ton.
VAL'LEY, 71. ,• pin. Valleys. [Fr. vallee ; L. vallis.] 1. A
hollow or low tract of land between hills or mountains.
2. A low, extended plain, usually alluvial, penetrated or
washed by a river. — 3. In building, a gutter ove'* the
sleepers in the rof/f of a building.
VAL'LUM, 7t. [L.J A trench or wall. Wartan.
VAL'OR, 71. [L valor ; Fr. valeur.] Strength of mi;id in
regard to danger ; that quality which enables a man to
encounter danger with firmness ; personal bravery ; cour-
age ; intrepidity ; prowess.
AJD VA-Lo'REM, in commerce, according to the value ; as,
an ad valorem duty.
VAL'OR-OUS, a. Brave ; courageous ; stout ; intrepid.
VAL'OR-OUS-LY, adv. In a brave manner ; heroically.
VAL'U-A-BLE, a. [Fr. valable.] 1. Having value or worth ,
having some good qualities which are useful and esteem-
ed ; precious. 2. Worthy ; estimable : deserving esteem.
VAL'U-A-BLE-NESS, n. Preciousness ;' worth, Johnson.
VAL-U-A'TION, 71. [from value.] 1. The act of estima-
ting the value or worth ; the act of setting a price. 2.
Apprizement. 3. Value set upon a thing; estimated
worth.
'* VAL-U-A'TOR, n. One who sets a value ; an apprizer.
VAL'UE, (val'u) n. [Fr valoir, valu ; It. valore ; Sp. valor.]
1. Worth ; that property or those properties of a thing
which render it useful or estimable ; or the degree of that
property or of such properties. 2. Price; the rate of
worth set upon a commodity, or the amount for which a
thing is sold. 3. V/orth. 4. High rate. 5. Importance ;
efficacy in producing etfects. 6. Import ; precise signifi-
cation.
VAL'UE, (val'u) v. t. 1. To estimate the worth of; to rate
at a certain price ; to apprize. 2. To rate at a high price
to have in high esteem. 3. To esteem ; to hold in respect
and estimation. 4. To take account of. 5. To reckon or
estimate with respect to number or power. 6. To consid-
er with respect to importance. 7. To raise to estimation ;
[ohs.] 8. To be worth ; [obs.]
VAL'U ED, ^j>. Estimated at a certain rate ; apprized; es-
teemed.
VAL'UE-LESS, a. Being of no value ; having no worth.
VAL U-ER, 71. One who values; an' apprizer; one who
holds in esteem.
VAL'U-ING, ppr. Setting a price on ; estimating the worth
of; esteeming.
VALV'ATE, a. Having or resembling a valve.
VALVE, (valv) t;. [L. valvm.] 1. A folding door. 2. A
lid or cover so formed as to open a communication in one
direction, and close it in the other. — 3. In anatomy, a
membranous partition within the cavity of a vessel, wliich
opens to allow the passage of a fluid in one direction, and
shuts to prevent its regurgitation.— 4. In botany, tbe out-
er coat, shell or covering of a capsule or other pericarp.
5. One of the pieces or divisions in bivalve and mifftivalve
shells.
VALVED, a. Having valves ; composed of valves.
VALV'LET, or VALVULE, n. A little valve ; one of the
pieces which compose the outer covering of a pericarp.
VALV'U-LAR, a. Containing valves. Med. Did.
VAMP, n. [W. gwam.] The upper-leather of a shoe.
VAMP, V. t. To piece an old thing with a new part ; to re-
pair. Swift.
VAMPED, pp. Pieced ; repaired.
VAMP'ER, n. One who pieces an old thing with something
new.
VAMP'ING, ppr. Piecing with something new.
VAMP'lRE,7!. [Gr. vampyr.] 1. In 7«7/t7joZo^7/, an imaginary
demon, which was fabled to suck the blood of persons
during the night. — ^2. In zoology, a species of large bat,
the Fespertilio vampyrus of Linne, called also the ternate
bat.
VAN, n. [Fr. avant, avancer.] 1. The front of an armv ;
or the front line or foremost division of a fleet, either in
sailing or in battle. — 2. Among farmers, a fan for win-
nowing grain ; [this, in JVew England, is always pro
See ^nopsis. A E, I, O, D, ?, long.— FAR, FALL, VIHAT ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t OJ^mlete
VAP
899
VAR
ihmnced/an, W'*»ich see.]— 3. In mining, the cleansing of
ore or tin stuff by means of a shovel. 4. A wing with
which the air is beaten.
r VAN, V. t. [Fr. vaytiier.] To fan. See Fan.
* VAN-eOUK'IERS, n. [Fr. avant-coureurs.'] In armies,
light-avined soldiers sent before armies to beat the road
upon the approach of an enemy ; precursors. Cyc.
VAN'DAL, H. [It signifies a wanderer.] A ferocious, cruel
person.
VAN-DAL'I€, a. Pertaining to the Vandals ; ferocious j
rade ; barbarous.
VAJN'DAL-ISM, n. Ferocious cruelty : indiscriminate de-
struction of lives and property. Ramsay.
VAN-DYKE', 71. A small round handkerchief with a collar
for the neck, worn by females.
VANE, n. [D. vnan.] A plate placed on a spindle, at the
top of a spire, for the purpose of showing by its turning
and direction, which way the wind blows.
VAN'-FOSS, n. A ditch on the outside of the counterscarp.
VANG, ?i. 1. The vangs of a ship are a sort of braces to
steady the mizen-gaff. 2. The thin membranous part or
web of a featlier.
VAN'-GUARD, ?;. [van and gua7-d.] The troops who
march in front of an army ; the first line.
VA-NIL'LA,«. A genus of plants. Cyc.
VAN'ISH, V. i. [L. vaiiesco ; Fr. evanouir.] 1. To disap-
pear ; to pass from a visible to an invisible state. 2. To
disappear ; to pass beyond the limit of vision. 3. To dis-
appear ; to pass away ; to be annihilated or lost.
VAN'ISHED, a. Having no perceptible existence. Pope.
VAN'ISH-ING, ppr. Disappearing j passing from the sight
or possession ; departing forever.
VAN''I-TY, n. [Fr. vanite ; L. vanitas.] 1. Emptiness ;
want of substance to satisfy deaire ; uncertainty : inanity.
2. Fruitless desire or endeavor. 3. Trifling labor that
produces no good. 4. Emptiness j untruth. 5. Empty
pleasure; vain pursuit; idle show; unsubstantial enjoy-
ment. 6. Ostentation ; arrogance. Raleigh. 7. Inflation
of mind upon slight grounds ; empty pride, inspired by
an overweening conceit of one's personal attainments or
decorations.
VAN'Q,UISH, ?;. t. [Fr. vaincre ; L. vinco ; It. vincere; Sp.
vincer.] 1. To conquer ; to overcome ; to subdue in battle ;
as an enemy. 2. To defeat in any contest ; to refute in
argument.
VAN'Q,UISH, n. A disease in sheep, in which they pine
away.
VAN'QUISH-A-BLE, a. That may be conquered. Gayton.
VAN'aUISHED, pp. Overcome in battle ; subdued.
VAN'Q,UISH-ER, n. A conqueror ; a victor. Milton.
VAN'Q.UISH-LNG, ppr. Conquering ; subduing ; defeating ;
refuting.
VAN'SiRE, n. In zoology, a species of weasel with short
ears, found in Madagascar. Cyc.
VANT V. i. [Fr. vanter.] To boast. See Vaunt.
VANT'A6E, w. [Sp. ventaja.] 1. Gain; profit; [obs.] 2.
Superiority; state in which one has better means of action
or defense than another ; [used only in the compound
vantaa-e-ground.1 3. Opportunity; convenience; [obs.]
t VaNT'AGE, v. t. To profit.
VaNT'AGE-GROUND, ?!. Superiority of state or place;
the place or condition which gives one an advantage over
another.
t VANT'BRASS, n. [Fr. avant-bras.] Armor for the arm.
VAP'ID, a. [li. vapidus.] 1. Having lost its life and spirit ;
dead ; spiritless ; flat. 2. Dull ; unanimated.
VAP'ID-NESS, n. 1. The state of having lost its fife or
spirit ; deadness ; flatness. 2. Dullness ; want of life or
spirit.
Va'POR, n. [L., Sp. vapor ; Fr. vapeur ; It. vapore.] 1. In a
general sense, an invisible, elastic fluid, rendered aeriform
by heat, and capable of being condensed, or brought back
to the hquid or solid state, by cold. 2. A visible fluid
floating in the atmosphere. 3. Substances resembling
smoke, which sometimes fill the atmosphere, particularly
in America during the autumn. 4. Wind; flatulence.
5. Mental fume ; vain imagination ; unreal fancy. — 6. Va-
pors, a disease of nervous debility, in which a variety of
strange images float in the brain, or appear as if visible.
7. Something unsubstantial, fleeting or transitory. James
iv.
VaTOR, v.i. [L. vapore ] 1. Topassoffinfumcsor amolst,
floating substance; to steam; to be exhaled; to evaporate.
2. To emit fumes; [l.n.] 3. To bully ; to boast or vaunt
with a vain, ostentatious display of worth ; to brag.
VaTOR, V t. To emit, cast off" or scatter in fumes or steam.
VAP-O-RA BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of
vaporization. Dispensatory.
VAP'0-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into vapor
bv the agency of caloric.
VAP'O-RATE, ^•. i. To emit vapor. See Evaporate.
VAP-O-Ra'TION, n. [L. vaporatio.] The act or process of
converting into vapor, or of passing off in vapor.
Va'POR-BATH, 71. 1. The application of vapor to the body
in a close place. — ^2. in chemistry, an apparatus for heating
bodies by the fumes of hot water. Cyc.
Vapored, a. l. Most; wet with vapors. 2. Splenetic:
peevish. Green.
Va'POR-ER, n. A boaster ; one who makes a vaunting
display of his prowess or worth ; a braggart.
VAP-O-RIF IC, a. [L. vapor and faciu.] Forming into va-
por ; converting into steam, or expelling in a volatile
finra, as fluids.
VaPOR-ING, ppr. Boasting; vaunting ostentatiously and
vainly.
Va'POR-ING-LY, adv. In a boasting manner.
Va'POR-ISH, a. I. Full of vapors. 2. Hypochondriac •
splenetic ; affected by hysterics.
VAP-O-RI-Za'TLON, n. The artificial formation of vapor.
VAP'OR-iZE, V t. To convert into vapor by the applica
tion of heat or artificial means.
VAP'OR-lZE, V. i. To pass off in vapor.
YAP'OR-lZED, pp. Expelled in vapor.
VAP'OR-iZ-ING, ppr. Converting into vapor.
Va'POR-OUS, a.' [Fr. vaporeux.] 1. Full of vapors or ex
halations. 2. Vain ; unreal ; proceeding from the vaporn
3. Windy ; flatulent.
Va'POR-OUS-NESS, n. State of being full of vapors.
Va'POR-Y, a. 1. Vaporous; full of vapors. Thomson. 2
Hypochondriac ; splenetic ; peevish. Thomson.
fVAP-TJ-LA'TION, 71. [L. vapulo.] The act of beating or
whipping.
t VARE, n. [Sp. vara.] A wand or staff of justice.
VAR'EC, 71. The French name for kelp or incinerated sea
weed ; Wrack. Ure.
Va'RI, n. In zoology, a species of quadruped.
Va'RI-A-BLE, a. [F«-. See Vary.] 1. That may vary or
alter; capable of alteration in any manner; changeable.
2. Susceptible of change ; liable to change ; mutable ;
fickle; unsteady; inconstant. — 3. In mathematics, suhject
to continual increase or decrease.
Va'RI-A-BLE, 7*. In mathematics, a quantity which is in a
state of continual increase or decresise.
Va'RI-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Susceptibility of change ; lia-
bleness or aptness to alter ; changeableness. 2. Incon-
stancy ; fickleness; unsteadiness; levity.
Va'RI-A-BLY, adv. Changeably ; with alteration ; in an
inconstant or fickle manner.
Va'RI-ANCE, n. 1. In laio, an alteration of something
formerly laid in a writ ; or a difference between a decla-
ration and a writ, or the deed on which it is grounded,
2. Any alteration or change of condition. 3. Difference
that produces dispute or controversy ; disagreement ; dis-
sension ; discord. — At variance. 1. in disagreement ; in a
state of difference. 2. In a state of dissension or of en-
mity.
Va'RI-ATE, v. t. 1. To alter; to make different. King.
2. To vary ; [a bad word.]
VA-RI-A'TION, 7(. [Fr. ; L. variatio.] 1. Alteration ; a par-
tial change in the form, position, state or qualities of the
same thing. 2. Difference ; cbange from one to another.
— 3. In grammar, change of termination of nouns and
adjectives, constituting what is called case, number and
gender. 4. Deviation. — 5. In astronomy, the variation
of the moon is the third inequality in her motion ; by
which, when out of the quadratures, her true place differs
from her place twice equated. — 6. In geography and nav-
igation, the deviation of the magnetic needle from the
true north point ; called also (i!ecZmaf!07i. — 7. In ?«M5ic, the
different manner of singing or playing the same air or
tune, by subdividing the notes into several others of less
value, or by adding graces, yet so that the tune itself may
be discovered through all its embellishments.
VAR'I-€0-Cf:LE, n. [L. varix, and Gr. Krt\r].] In surgery, a
varicous enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord :
or, more generally, a like enlargement of the veins of the
scrotum.
VAR'I-€OSE, ) a. [L. varicosns.] 1. Preternaturally en-
VAR'I-€OUS, \ larged, or permanently dilated, as a vein.
2. Swelled ; puffy ; as an ulcer on the legs of beasts. Cyc
YA'l{\E\),pp.o{vary. Altered ; partially changed; changed
Va'RI-E-GATE, v. t. [It. varieggiare ; li. vario, varius.]
To diversify in external appearance ; to mark with differ-
ent colors.
Va'RI-E-GA-TED, pp. Diversified in colors or external ap-
pearance.
VA'RI-E-GA-TING,j77>r. Diversifying with coloi-s
VA-RI-E-Ga'TION, n. The act of diversifying, or state of
being diversified by different colors; diversity of colors.
VA-Ri'E-TY, n. [Fr.variete ; h.varietas.] 1. Intermixture
of different things, or of things different in form ; or a suc-
cession of different things. 2. One thing of many which
constitute variety. 3. Difference ; dissimilitude. 4. Va -
riation ; deviation ; change from a former state ; [L u \
5. Many and different kinds. — 6. In natural history, a
difference not permanent or invariable, but occasioned by
an accidental change. 7. Different sort.
* See Synopsis, M5 Vj&j. BOOK, D6VE j— B^LL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J -, S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete
VAS
900
VEE
Va RI-O-LITE, n. [L. vaniis, and Gr . \i9os. In mineralo-
gy, a kind of porphyritic rock.
VA'RI-O-LOID, n. [L. variolcs, and Gr. eiSog, form.] The
name recently given to a disease resembling the small-
pox.
Va'RI-O-LOUS, a. [L. variolm, from vario.l Pertaining to
or designating the small pox.
Va'RI-OUS, a. [L. varius.'] 1. Different ; several ; mani-
fold. 2. Changeable ; uncertain ; unfixed. 3. Unlike
each other ; diverse. 4. Variegated ; diversified.
Va'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In different ways 3 with change j
with diversity.
Va'RIX, n. [L.] 1. An uneven swelling of a dilated vein.
— 2. In beasts, a. sort of puffy dilatation or enlargement m
some part of a vein, forming a kind of knot. Cyc.
VAR'LET, n. [Old Fr. See Valet.] 1. Anciently, a serv-
ant or footman. Tusser. 2. A scoundrel ; a rascal.
tViiR'LET-RY, ra The rabble ; the crowd. Shak.
VAR'NISH, n. [Fr. vernis ; Sp. harniz ; Port, verniz ; It
vernice.] 1. A thick, viscid, glossy liquid, laid on work
by pa'nters and others, to give it a smooth, hard surface
and a beautiful gloss. 2. An artificial covering to give a
fair appearance to any act or conduct.
VAR'NISH, V. t. [Fr. vemisser, vernir.] 1, To lay varnish
on ; to cover with a liquid, for giving any thing a glossy
surface. 2. To cover with something that gives a fair
external appearance. 3. To give a fair external appear-
ance in words ; to give a fair coloring to.
VAR'NISHED, y/). ]. Covered with varnish; made glossy.
2. Rendered fair in external appearance.
VARNISH-ER, n. I. One who varnishes, or whose occu-
pation is to varnish. 2. One who disguises or palliates ;
one who gives a fair external appea];^nce. Pope.
VAR'NISH-ING, ppr. Laying on varnish ; giving a fair
external appearance.
VAR'NISH-TREE, n. The i-hus vernix, poison ash, or poi-
son oak. Lee.
VAR'VELS, or VER'VELS, n. [Fr. vervel.] Silver rings
about the legs of a hawk, on which the owner's name is
engraved.
Va'RY, v.t. [li.vario; 'Fr.varier ; Sp.variar ; It. variare.]
1. To alter in form, appearance, substance or position ;
to make different by a partial change. 2. To change to
something else. 3 To make of different kinds. 4. To
diversify ; to variegate.
Va'RY, v. i. 1. To alter or be altered in any manner ; to
suffer a partial change. 2. To be changeable ; to alter.
3. To differ or be different; to be unlike. 4. To be
changed ; to become different. 5, To become unlike
one's self; to alter. 6. To deviate; to depart. 7. To al-
ter or change in succession. 8. To disagree ; to be at va-
riance.
fVARY, m. Alteration; change. Skak.
Va'RY-ING, ppr. Altering ; changing ; deviating.
VAS'CU-LAR, a. [L. vascnlum, a vessel, from vas.] 1.
Pertaining to the vessels of animal or vegetable bodies.
2. Full of vessels ; consisting of animal or vegetable ves-
sels, as arteries, veins, &c.
VAS-€U-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of being vascular.
VAS-eU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. vasctd,tm and/ero.] Vascu-
liferous plants are such as have seed-vessels divided into
cells. Cyc.
* VASE, n. [Fr., from L. vas, vasa ; It. vo.so.] \. A vessel
for domestic use, or for use in temples. 2. An ancient
vessel dug out of the ground or from rubbish, and kept as
a curiosity. — 3. In architecture, an ornament of sculpture,
placed on socles or pedestals, representing one of the ves-
sels of the ancients, as incense-pots, flower-pots, &c. 4.
The body of the Corinthian and Composite capital ; called
also the tamhor or drum. 5. Among^omte, the calyx of a
plant, as of a tulip. — 6. Among goldsmiths, the middle of
a church candlestick. 7. A solid piece of ornamental
marble.
VAS'SAL, n. [Fr. vassal ; It. vassallo ; Sp. vasallo.] 1. A
feudatoi-y ; a tenant ; one who holds land of a superior,
and who vows fidelity and homage to him. 2. A sub-
ject ; a dependant. 3. A servant. — 4. In common lan-
guage, a bondman ; a political slave.
VAS'SAL, V. t. To subject to control : *z enslave.
v'AS'SAL-AGE, n. [Fr. vasselagi ; Sp. vasalage.] 1. The
state of being a vasaa' o? leudatory. 2. Political servi-
tude ; dependence ; sttbjection ; slavery.
VAS'SALED, pp. or a. Enslaved; subjected to absolute
power ; as, a vassaled land. Trumbull.
V AST, a. [li. vastus; Fi.vaste; It. vasto.] 1. Being of great
extent ; very spacious or large. 2. Huge in bulk and ex-
tent ; as, the vast mo'mtains of Asia. 3. Very great in
numbers or amount. 4. Very great in force ; mighty. 5.
Very great in importance.
VAST, n. An empty waste. Milton.
VAS-Ta'TION, n. \ L. vastatio.] A laying waste ; waste ;
depopulation. [Devastation is generally used.]
VA&-TID'I-TY, 71. Vastness; immensity. [JSTot English]
Shak.
VAST'LY, adv. Very greatly ; to a great extent or degree.
VAST'NESS, n. 1. Great extent ; immensity. 2. Immense
bulk and extent. 3. Immense magnitude or amount. 4
Immense importance.
VAST' Y, a. Being of a great extent ; very spacious. [L. u
VAT, n. [D. vat ; Sax. fat ; G. fass.] 1. A large vessel or
cistern for holding liquors in an immature state. 2. A
square box or cistern in which hides are laid for steeping
in tan. 3. An oil measure in Holland ; a wine measure.
4. A square, hollow place on the back of a calcining furn-
ace, where tin ore is laid to dry.
VAT'I-CAN, n. In Rome, the celebrated church of St.
Peter ; and also a magnificent palace of the pope ; situa-
ted at the foot of one of the seven hills on which Rome
was built. .-
VAT'I-ClDE, 71. [L. vates and cado.] The murderer of a
prophet. Pope.
VA-TIC'I-NAL, a. [L. vaticinor.] Containing prcphecy.
Warton.
VA-TIC'IN-ATE,?5.i. [L. vaticinor.] To prophesy; to fore-
tell ; to practice prediction. [Little used.] Howell.
VAT-I-CI-Na'TION, 71. Prediction; prophecy. Bentley.
VAU'DE-VIL, (v5'de-vil) n. [Fr. vaudeville.] A song com
mon among the vulgar, and sung about the streets. V
ballad ; a trivial strain.
* VAULT, 71. [Fr. voiite; It. volta.] 1. A continued arch,
or an arched roof. — Vaults are of various kinds, circular,
elliptical, single, double, cross, diagonal, Gothic, <fcc. 2.
A cellar. 3. A cave or cavern. 4. A repository for the
dead. — 5. In the manege, the leap of a horse.
* VAULT, V. t. To arch ; to form with a vault ; or to cover
with a vault.
VAULT, 7J. i. [Sp.voltear; It. voltare; Fi. vautrer.] 1 To
leap; to bound; to jump; to spring. 2. To tumble; to
exhibit feats of tumbling or leaping.
t VAULT'AGE, 71. Vaulted work ; an arched cellar.
VAULT'ED, pp. 1. Arched ; concave. 2. Covered with an
arch or vault.— 3. a. In botany, arched like the roof of the
mouth, as the upper lip of many ringent flowers.
VAULT'ER, 71. One that vaults ; a leaper ; a tumbler.
VAULT'ING, ppr. 1. Arching; covering with an arch.
2. Leapinw; tumbling; exhibiting feats of leaping.
t VAULT'Y, a. Arched ; concave. Shak.
* VAUNT, V. i. [Fr. vanter ; It. vantarsi.j To boast ; to make
a vain display of one's own worth, attainments or decora-
tions ; to talk with vain ostentation ; to brag.
* VAUNT, V. t. To boast of; to make a vain display of.
- VAUNT, 71. Boast ; a vain display of what one is or has, or
has done ; ostentation from vanity. Milton.
t VAUNT, 77. [Fr. av ant.] The first part. Shak.
VAUNT-€5U'RIi5R, n. [See * Vancouriees.] [Fr.
avant-coureur.] A precursor. Shak.
* VAUNT'ED, pp. Vainly boasted of or displayed.
* VAUNT'ER, 71. A vain, conceited boaster ; a braggart ; a
man given to vain ostentation. Spenser.
* VAUNT'FUL, a. Boastful ; vainly ostentatious.
*VAUNT'ING,ppr. Vainly boasting ; ostentatiously setting
forth v/hat one is or has.
*VAUNT'ING-LY,ad!J. Boastfully; with vain ostentation.
VAUNT '-MURE, 71. [Fr. avant-mur.] A false wall; a work
raised in froht of the main wall. Camden.
VAV'A-SOR, 71. [This word in old books is variously writ-
ten, valvasor, vavasour, valvasour.] Camden holds that the
vavasor was next below a baron.
VAV'A-SO-RY, n. The quality or tenure of the fee held by
a vavasor. Cyc.
IVa'WARD, 71. [7)^71 and 7z>ffir{Z.] The fore part. Shak.
VeAL, n. [Fr. veau.] The flesh of a calf killed for the ta-
ble.
t VECK, n. [It. vecchia ; L. vetida.] An old woman. Chau-
cer.
t VEC'TION, n. [L. vectio.] The act of carrying, or state
of being carried.
t VEC-TI-Ta'TION, 71. [L. vectito.] A carrying. Arhuth-
not.
VECTOR, 71. [L.] In astronomy, a line supposed to be
drawn from any planet moving round a centre or the fo-
cus of an ellipsis, to that centre or focus.
VECT'URE, n. [L. vectura.] A carrying ; carriage ; con-
veyance by carrying. [Little %ised.] Bacon.
VE-DA', (ve-daw') n. The name of the collective body of
the Hindoo sacred writings. The word is sometimes
written vedam. Sir W. Jones.
VE-DET', ) n. [Fr. vedette ; It. vedetta.] A sentinel on
VE-DETTE', \ horseback.
VEER, V. i. [Fr. virer ; Sp. birar ; D. vieren.] To turn ; to
change direction. — To veer and haul, as wind, to alter its
direction.
VEER, v. t. To turn; to direct to a different course.— T'o
veer out, to suffer to run or to let out to a greater length
— To veer away, to let out ; to slacken and let run. — To
veer and haul, to pull tight and slacken alternately. Mar.
Diet.
fVEER'A-BLE, a. Changeable; shifting. Randolph.
i See, Synopsis A, E, I, 5, V, Y, long.— F AH FALL, WHA.T ;—PRSY;—PiN, MARINE, BIRD :— ^Obsolete
VEL
901
VEN
VEER75D, pp. Turned ; changed in direction ; let out.
VEER'ING, ppr. Turning ; letting out to a greater length.
VEG-E-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. [from vegetable.] Vegetable na-
ture ; the quality of growth without sensation. Brown.
VEG'E-TA-BLE, 71. [Fr.] 1. A plant j an organized body
destitute of sense and voluntary motion, deriving its
nourishment through pores or vessels on its outer surface,
in most instances adhering to some other body, as the earth,
and, in general, propagating itself by seeds.— 2. In a more
limited sense, vegetables are such plants as are used for
culinary purposes, and cultivated in gardens, or are des-
tined for feeding cattle and sheep.
VE6'E-TA-BLE, a. 1. Belonging to plants. 2. Consisting
of plants. 3. Having the nature of plants.
t VEG'E TAL, n. A vegetable. B. Jonson.
V EG'E-TATE, v. i. [L. vegeto ; Fr. vegeter.] To sprout ; to
germinate ; to grow, as plants ; to grow and be enlarged
by nutriment imbibed from the earth, air or water, by
means of roots and leaves,
"VEG'E-TA-TI]VG,^;>r. Germinating; sprouting; growing.
V E6-E-Ta'TI0N, n. [Fr.] 1. The process of growing, as
j)lants, by means of nourishment derived from the earth,
or from water and air, and received through roots and
leaves. 2. Vegetables or plants in general.
VEG'E-TA-TiVE, a. [Fr. vegetatif.] 1. Growing, as plants.
2. Having the power to produce growth in plants.
VE<S'E-TA-TlVE-NESS, n. The quality of producing
grovvth.
VE-6eTE', a. [L. vegetus.] Vigorous ; active. [L. u.]
VE6'E-TlVE, a. [L. vegeto, vigeo.] Vegetable ; having the
nature of plants ; as, vegetive life. [Little used.] Tusser.
tVEG'E-TIVE,?i. A vegetable. Sandys.
VEG'E-TO-AN'I-MAL, a. Vegeto-animal matter is a term
formerly applied to vegetable gluten.
t VE-Ge'TOUS, a. Vigorous ; lively ; vegete. B. Jonson.
VE'HE-MENCE, ) n. [Fr. vehemence ; L. vehemens.] 1.
Ve'HE-MEN-CY, j Violence ; great force ; properly, force
derived from velocity. 2. Violent ardor ; great heat; ani-
mated fervor.
Ve'HE-MENT, a. [Fr. ; L. vehemens.] 1. Violent ; acting
with great force ; furious ; very forcible. 2. Very ardent ;
very eager or urgent ; very fervent.
Ve'HE-MENT-LY, adv. 1. With great force and violence.
2. Urgently ; forcibly ; with great zeal or pathos.
Ve'HI-€LE, n. [Fr. vehicule ; L. vehiculum.] 1. That in
which any thing is or may be canied ; any kind of car-
riage moving on land, either on wheels or runners. 2.
That which is used as the instrument of conveyance.
Ve'HI-€LED, a. Conveyed in a vehicle. Oreen.
VEIL, n. [L. velum.] 1. A cover ; a curtain ,• something to
intercept the view and hide an object. 2. A cover ; a
disguise; see Vail.
VEIL, v. t. 1. To cover with a veil ; to conceal. 2. To in-
vest ; to cover. 3. To hide ; see Vail.
VEIN, n. [Fr. veine; li.veiia.] 1. A vessel in animal bodies,
which receives the blood from the extreme arteries, and
returns it to the heart. 2. In plants, a tube, or an assem-
blage of tubes, through which the sap is transmitted along
the leaves. — 3. In geology, a fissure in rocks or strata,
filled with a particular sabstance. 4. A streak or wave
of different color, appearing in wood, marble, and other
stones ; variegation. 5. A cavity or fissure in the earth
or in other substance. 6. Tendency or turn of mind ; a
particular disposition or cast of genius. 7. Current. 8.
Humor; particular temper. 9. Strain; quality.
VEINED, a. 1. Full of veins; streaked; variegated.— 2. In
botany, having vessels branching over the surface, as a
leaf.
VEIN'LESS, a. In botany, having no veins. Barton.
VEIN'Y, ffi. Full of veins; as, ?;ein?/ marble. Thomson.
VE-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [1,. velum ?mdifero.] Bearing or carry-
ing SB.i\s._Evelyn.
f VEL-I-Ta'TIO"N, to. [L. velitatio.] A dispute or contest ;
a slight skirmish. Burton.
VELL, TO. [qu./eW, a skin.] A rennet bag. [Local.]
VELL, V. t. To cut off the turf or sward of land. [Local.]
VEL-Le'I-TY, TO. [Fr. velleite ; L. velle.] A term by^which
the schools express the lowest degree of desire.
VEL'LET, and VEL'LUTE. See Velvet.
VEL'LI-CATE, 1). {. [1^. vellico.] To twitch ; to stimulate ;
applied to the muscles and fibres of animals ; to cause to
twitch convulsive .y. Cyc.
VEL'LI-€A-TED, pp. Twitched or caused to twitch.
VEL'LI-€A-TING, ppr. Twitching ; convulsing.
VEL-LI-€a'TION, to. 1. The act of twitching, or of caus-
ing to twitch. 2. A twitching or convulsive motion of a
muscular fibre.
VEL'LUM, TO. [Fr. velin ; D. vel.] A finer kind of parch-
ment or skin, rendered clear and white for writing.
VE-LOC'I-TY, TO. [Fr. velocite ; L. velocitas.] 1. Swiftness;
celerity ; rapidity ; as, the velocity of wind. We apply
celerity to animals ; as, a horse or an ostrich runs with
celerity, and a stream runs with rapidity or velocity ; but
bodies moving in the air or in ethereal space, move with
greater or less velocity, not celerity. — 2. Ir. philosophy,
velocity is that affection of motion by which a body moves
over a certain space in a certain time.
t VEL'URE, TO. [Fr. velours.] Velvet. Shak.
VEL'VET, TO. [It. velluto ; Sp. velludo.] A rich silk stuff,
covered with a close, short, fine, soft shag or nap.
VEL'VET, V. t. To paint velvet. Peacham.
VEL'VET, ; a. Made of velvet ; or soft and delicate,
VEL'VET-ED, ] like velvet.
VEL-VE-TEEN', to. A kind of cloth made in imitation of
velvet.
VEL'VET-ING, TO. The fine shag of velvet. Cyc.
VEDVET-Y, a. Made of velvet, or like velvet; soft;
smooth ; delicate. Med. Repos.
Ve'NAL, a. [L. vena.] Pertaining to a vein or to veins
contained in the veins ; as, venal blood.
Ve'NAL, a. [L. venalis.] 1. Mercenary \ prostitute ; that
may be bought or obtained for money or other valuable
consideration. 2. That may be sold ; set to sale. 3. Pur-
chased.
VE-NAL'I-TY, TO. Mercenariness ; the state of being in-
fluenced by money ; prostitution of talents, offices or
selvices for money or reward.
VEN'A-RY, a. [L. venor, to hunt.] Relating to hunting.
VE-NAT'IC, ) a. [L. venaticus, from venor.] Used in
VE-NAT'I-€AL, \ hunting.
VE-Na'TION, to. [L. ve7iatio.] 1. The act or practice of
hunting. 2. The state of being hunted.
VEND, V. t. [L. vendo ; Fr. vendre ; It. vcndere; Sp. ven-
der.] To sell ; to transfer a thing and the exclusive right
of possessing it, to another person for a pecuniary equiva-
lent. Vending differs from barter. We vend for money ;
we barter for commodities.
VEND'ED, pp. Sold ; transferred for money, as goods.
VEN-DEE', TO. The person to whom a thing is sold.
VEND'ER, TO. [Fr. vendeur.] A seller ; one who transfers
the exclusive right of possessing a thing, either his own,
or that of another as his agenftk
VEN-DI-BIL'I-TY, ) to. The state of being vendible or
VEND'I-BLE-NESS, \ salable.
VEND'I-BLE, a. [L. vendibilis.] Salable ; that may be sold ,
that can be sold ; as, vendible Poods.
VEND'I-BLE, TO. Something to be sold or offered for sale.
VEND'I-BLY, adv. In a salable manner.
t VEN-DI-Ta'TION, to. [L. venditatio.] A boastful display.
VEN-Dl"TION, TO. [Fr. ; L. venditlo.] The act of selling ;
sale.
VEND'OR, to. a vender ; a seller.
VEN-DuE', to. [Fr. vendu, sold.] Auction ; a public sale ot
any thing by outcry, to the highest bidder.
VEN-DuE'-MAS'TER, to. One who is authorized to make
sale of any property to the highest bidder, by notification
and public outcry ; an auctioneer.
* VE-NEER', «. t. [G. fitrnieren.] To inlay; to lay thin
slices or leaves of fine wood of different kinds on a ground
of common wood .
* VE-NEER', to. Thin slices of wood for inlaying,
*VE-NEER'ED, 2>ip. Inlaid; ornamented with marquetry.
* VE-NEER'ING,2>i>?-. Inlaying ; adorning with inlaid work.
* VE-NEER'ING, TO. The act or art of inlaying.
t VEN'E-FiCE, TO. [L. veneficium.] The practice^of poison
ing.
VEN-E-FI"CIAL, ) a. [L. veneficium.] Acting by poison ,
VEN-E-Fi"CIOUS, \ bewitching. [Little used.]
VEN-E-Fl"CIOUS-LY, adv. By poison or witchcraft. [L.n.]
VEN'EM-OUS. See Venomocts.
fVEN'EN-ATE, v.t. [L. oeneno.] To poison, to infect
with poison. Harvey.
t VEN-E-Na TION, TO. I. The act of poisoning, 2. Poison ;
venom,
fVE-NENE', Id. [Fr, veneneux.] Poisonous ; venodi-
fVE-NE'NOSEJ ons. Harvey.
t VEN-ER-A-BIL'I-TY, to. The quality of being venerable.
VEN'ER-A'BLE, a. [Fr, ; L, venerabilis.] 1, Worthy of
veneration or reverence ; deserving of honor and respect.
2. Re/idered sacred by religious associations, or being con-
secrated to God and to his worship ; to be regarded with
awe and treated with reverence.
VEN'ER-A-BLE-NESS, to. The quality of being venera-
ble.
VEN'ER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite reverence.
VEN'ER-ATE, v. t. [Fr. venerer ; L. veneror.] To regard
with respect and reverence ; to reverence ; to revere.
VEN'ER-A-TED,^2'' Reverenced; treated with honor and
VEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Regarding with reverence.
VEN-ER-A'TION, to. [Fr. ; L. veneratio 1 The highest de-
gree of respect and reverence ; respect mingled with some
degree of awe.
VEN'ER-A-TOR, to. One who venerates and reverences.
VE-Ne'RE-AL, a. [h.venereus, from Venus.] 1. Pertain-
ing to the pleasures of sexual commerce. 2. Proceeding
from sexual intercourse. 3. Adapted to the cure of the
lues venerea. 4. Adapted to excite venereal desire j
See .%TOop.«s. MC^VE BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL. UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete.
VEN
902
VER
aphrodisiac , provocative. 5. Consisting of copper, called
by chemists, formerly, Venus ; [obs,]
T VE-Nk'RE-AN, a. Venereal. Howell.
VE-Ne'RE-OUS, a. [L. venereus.] Lustful ; libidinous.
t VEN ER-OUS, for venereous.
VEN'ER-Y, n. [from Vemis.] The pleasures of the bed.
VEN'ER-Y, 7). [Fr. venc7-ie ; li.venor.] The act or exercise
of hunting ; the sports of the chase.
VEN-E-SE€'TION, n. [L. vejia and sectio.] The act of
opening a vein for letting blood ; blood-letting ; phle-
botomy.
t VEN'EY, n. [Fr. vencz, from venir.] A bout ; a thrust ; a
hit ; a turn at fencing. Shak.
t VENGE, (venj) v.t. [Fr. veno-cr.] To avenge ; to punish
+ VEN6E'A-BLE, a. Revengeful. Spenser.
VENGE'ANCE, n. [Fr.] The infliction of pain on another,
in return for an injury or offense. — With a vengeance, in
familiar language, signifies with great violence or ve-
hemence.
VENGEFUL, a. L Vindictive: retributive. 2. Revenge-
ful.
VENGE'MENT, n. Avengement ; penal retribution.
I VEN6'ER, n. An avenger. Spenser.
j-VE'NI-A-BLE, a. Venial; pardonable. Brown,
t VE'NI-A-BLY, adv. Pardonably ; excusably. Brown.
Ve'NI-AL, a. [It. veniale ; Sp. venial; Fi. veniel.] L That
may be forgiven ; pardonable ; as, a venial fault. — 2. In
familiar language, excusable ; that may be allowed or
permitted to pass without censure. 3. Allowed.
Ve'NI-AL-NESS, ?;. State of being excusable or pardonable.
VE-Nl'RE Fa'CI-AS, or VE-Nl'RE, n. In laio, a writ or
precept directed to the sheriff, requiring him to summon
twelve men, to try an issue between parties.
*VEN'I-SON, (ven'e-zn, or ven'zn) n. [Fr. venaison ; L.
venado.] The flesh of beasts of game, or of such wild
animals as are taken in the chase. It is, however, in the
United States, applied exclusively to the flesh of the deer.
VEN'OM, /(. [Fr. veniji ; It. veneno ; L,. ve7ie7ium.] 1. Poi-
son ; matter fatal or injurious to life. — Venom is generally
used to express noxious matter that is applied externally,
or that is discharged from animals, as chat of bites and
stings of serpents, scorpions, &c. ; and poison, to express
substances taken into the stomach. 2. Spite ; malice.
VEN'OM, v. t. To poison ; to infect with venom.
VEN'OM-OUS, a. 1. Poisonous ; noxious to animal life.
2. Noxious ; mischievous ; malignant. 3. Spiteful.
VEN'OM-OUS-LY, adv. Poisonously ; malignantly.
VEN'OM-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Poisonousness ; noxiousness to
animal life. 2. Malignity ; spitefulness.
VE'iVOQS, a. [L. venosus.] 1. Pertaining to a vein or
to veins ; contained in veins. — 2. In botany, veined.
VENT, n. [Fr. vente ; Sp. venta.] 1. A sniall aperture ; a
hole or passage for air or other fluid to escape. 2. The
opening in a cannon or other piece of artillery, by which
fire is communicated to the charge. 3. Passage from se-
crecy to notice ; publication. 4. The act of opening. 5.
Emission ; passage ; escape from confinement. 6. Dis-
charge ; utterance ; means of discharge. 7. Sale. 8.
Opportunity to sell ; demand. 9. An inn ; a baiting-
p.'-»ce ; [obs.]— To give vent to, to suffer to escape ; to let
oul, to pour forth.
VENT, u/«. 1. To let out at a small aperture. 2. To let
out ; to suffer to escape from confinement ; to utter ; to
pour forth. 3. To utter ; to report ; [obs.] 4. To pub-
lish jjo&s.] 5. To sell ; [obs.]
t VEx^T, v. i. To snuff. Spp^iser.
i VENT'AGE, n. A small hole. Shak.
VENT' AIL, n. [Fr.] Tliat part of a helmet made to be
lifted up ; the part intended foi fhe admission of air, or
for breathing.
VEN-TAN'NA, n. [^'p. ventana.] A window. \MotEng-
VEN-TAN''A, lish.] Dryden. ^ ^
VENT'ER, n. One who utters, reports or publishes.
VEN'TElt, 71. [L.] 1. In anatomy, the abdomen, or lower
belly. Parr. 2. The womb ; and hence, mother. 3. The
belly of a muscle.
VEN'TI-DU€T, 71. [L. ventus and ductus : It. ventidotti.]
In building, a passage for wind or air ; a subterraneous
passage or spiracle for ventilating apartments.
VEN'Tl-LATE, v. t. [L. ventilo ; Fr. ventilcr.] 1. To fan
with wind ; to open and expose to the free passage of air
or wind. 2. To cause the air to pass through. 3. To
winnow ; to fan. 4. To examine ; to discuss ; that is, to
agitate ; [obs.]
VEN'TI-LA-TED, pp. Exposed to the action of the air ;
fanned ; winnowed ; discussed.
VEN TI-LA-TING, ?j/)r. Exposing to the action of wind ;
fanning ; discussing.
VEN-TI-La'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. vevtHatio.] 1. The act of
ventilating ; the act of exposing to the free passage of air.
2. The act of fanning or Vi^iunowing, for the purpose of
separating chaff and dust. 3. Vent; utterance; [obs.] 4.
Refrigeration ; [,ibs.]
VEN'TI-LA-TOR, n. An instrument or machine for expel-
ling foul or stagnant air from any close place or apart-
ment, and introducing that which is fresh and pure.
VEN-TOS'I-TY, n. [Fr. ventosite ; from L. ventosus.] Wind-
iness ; flatulence. Bacon.
VEN'TRAL, a. [L. venter.] Belonging to the belly.
VEN'TRI-€LE, n. [L. ventriculus.] In a general sense, u
small cavity in an animal body.
VEN'TRI-eOUS, a. [L. ventricosus.] In botany, bellied •
distended ; swelling out in the middle.
VEN-TRI€'U-LOUS, a. Somewhat distended in the middle.
VEN-TRIL'O-aUISM, or VEN-TRIL'O-aUY, n. [L. ven-
ter and loquor.] The act of speaking in such a manner
that the voice appears to come, not from the person, but
from some distant place.
VEN-TRIL'0-aUIST, n. One who speaks in such a man-
ner that his voice appears to come from some distant
place.
VEN-TRIL'O-aUOUS, a. Speaking in such a manner as to
make the sound appear to come from a place remote from
the speaker.
VENT'URE, n. [Fr. aventure ; It., Sp. ventura.] 1. A haz-
ard ; an undertaking of chance or danger ; the risking of
something upon an event whiclr cannot be foreseen with
tolerable certainty. 2. Chance ; hap ; contingency ; luck ;
an event that is not or cannot be foreseen. 3. The thing
put to liazard ; particularly, something sent to sea in
trade. — 4t a venture, at hazard ; without seeing the end
or mark.
VENT'URE, V. i. 1. To dare ; to have courage or presump-
tion to do, undertake or say. 2. To run a hazard or
risk. — To venture at, or to venture on or upon, to dare to
engage in ; to attempt without any certainty of success.
VENT'URE, V. t. 1. To expose ; to hazard ; to risk. 2.
To put or send on a venture or chance.
VENT'URED, pp. Put to the hazard ; risked.
VENT'UR-ER, n. One who ventures or puts to hazards.
VENTURE-SOME, a. Bold ; daring ; intrepid.
VENT'URE-S6ME-LY, adc. In a bold, daring manner.
VENT'UR-ING, ppr. Putting to hazard ; daring.
VENT'UR-ING, n. The act of putting to risk ; a hazarding
VENT'UR-OUS, a. Daring ; bold ; hardy ; fearless ; intrep-
id ; adventurous. Milton.
VENT'UR-OUS-LY, adv. Daringly ; fearlessly ; boldly.
VENT'UR-OUS-NESS, n. Boldness ; hardiness ; fearless-
ness; intrepidity.
VEN'UE, or VISNE, 71. [l^.vicinia; Norm, wsree.] Inlaw,
a neighborhood or near place ; the place where an action
is laid.
VEN'UE, 7). A thrust. See Venzy.
VEN'U-LITE, r.. A petrified shell of the genus Venus.
Ve'NUS, n. [L.] 1. In mythology, the goddess of beauty
and love ; that is, beauty or love deified. — 2. In astrono-
my, one of the inferior planets, whose orbit is between the
earth and Mercury ; a star of briUiant splendor. — 3. In the
old chemistry, a name given to copper.
Ve'NUS'S CoMB, 71. A plant of the genus scaTte^ir.
Ve'NUS'S LOOKING-GLASS, n. A plant of the genua
campanula.
Vi?'NUS'S Na'VEL-WoRT, n. A plant.
t VE-NUST', a. [L. venustus.] Beautiful.
VE-Ra'CIOUS, a. [L. verax.] 1. Observant of truth ; ha
bitually disposed to speak truth. 2. True ; [little used.]
VE-RAC'I-TY, 7!. [It.veracitd.] 1. Habitual observance of
truth, or habitual truth.— rruf/t is applicable to men and
to facts ; veracity to men only, or to sentient beings. 2.
Invariable expression of truth.
VE-RAN'DA, n. An oriental Word denoting a kind of open
portico, formed by extending a sloping roof beyond the
main building.
VE-Ra'TRI-A, n. [L. veratrum.] A vegetable alkali, ex-
tracted from the white hellebore. Ure.
VERB, n. [L. verhum ; Fr. vcrbe ; Sp., It. verba ; Jr. fearb.]
I. In grammar, a part of speech that expresses action,
motion, being, suffering, or a request or command to do or
forbear any thing. 2. A word. South.
VERB'AL, a. [Fr. ; L. verbalis.] 1. Spoken ; expressed to
the ear in words ; not written. 2. Oral ; uttered by the
mouth. 3. Consisting in mere words. 4. Respecting
words only. 5. Minutely exact in words, or attending to
words only. 6. Literal ; having word answering to word
— 7. In grammar, derived from a verb. 8. Verbose j
abounding with words ; [obs.] SItak.
VER-BAL'I-TY, n. Mere words ; bare literal expressions.
VERB'AL-IZE, v. t. To convert into a verb.
VERB'AL-LY, ad?;. L In words spoken; by words ut
tered ; orally. 2. Word for word. Dryden.
VER-Ba'TIM, adv. [L.] Word for word ; in the same
words.
t VERB'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. verbero.] To beat ; to strike.
VERB-ER-a'TION, 7t. 1. A beating or striking ; blows. 2
The impulse of a body, which causes sound. Cyc.
VERB'1-AOE, 71. [Fr.] Verbosity ; use of many words
without necessity ; superabundance of words.
VER-BoSE', a. [L. verbosus.] Abounding in words ; using
* See Synoyds A, E, I, O, O, ^, Zo«o.— FAR, F4LL, WHAT ;— PREY 5— PIN MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolett
VER
903
VEl^
or containing more words than are necessary ; prolix ; te-
dious by a multiplicity of words.
V£R-BOS'I-TY, or VER-BoSE'NESS, n. 1. Employment
of a superabundance of words ; the use of more words
than are necessary. 2. Superabundance of words ; pro-
lixity.
VER'DAN-CY, n. Greenness. ^Torris
VER'D ANT, a. [Fr. verdoyant ; L. viridans ] 1 Green ; fresh ;
covered with growing plants or grass. 2. Flourishing.
VER'DER-ER, 1 n. [Fr. verdier ; Low L. viridarius.] An
VER DER-OR, \ officer in England, who has the charge
of the king's forest.
VER'D I€T, 71. [L. verum dictum.] 1. The answer of a jury
given to the court concerning any matter of fact in any
cause, civil or criminal, committed to their trikl and ex-
amination. 2. Decision ; judgment ; opinion pronounced.
VER'DI-GRIS, n. [Fr. verd and gris.] Rust of copper, or an
acetate of copper, formed by the combination of an acid
with copper. Ure.
VER'DI-T£R,n. [Fr. verde-terre.] A preparation of copper
sometimes used by painters, &c. for a blue, but more gen-
erally mixed with a yellow for a green color.
t VER'DI-TURE, n. The faintest and palest green.
VERD'URE, n. [Fr. : L. vireo.] Green j greenness ; fresh-
ness of vegetation.
VERD'UR-OUS, a. Covered with green ; clothed with the
fresh color of vegetables. Philips.
VER'E-€(JND, a. [L. verecundus.] Bashful ; modest. [A''ot
much iised.] Wotton.
VER-E-€UND'I-TY; n. Bashfulness; modesty; blushing.
\_J^ot in much use.']
VERGE, (verj) n. [Fr. ; It. verga ; L. virga.] 1. A rod, or
something in the form of a rod or staff, carried as an em-
blem of authority ; the mace of a dean. 2. The stick or
wand with which persons are admitted tenants, by hold-
ing it in the hand, and swearing fealty to the lord. — 3. In
law, the compass or extent of the king's court, within
whicli is bounded the jurisdiction of the lord steward of
the king's household. 4. The extren^e side or end of any
thing which has some extent of length ; the brink ; edge ;
border ; margin. — 5. Among gardeners, the edge or out-
side of a border. 6. A part of a time-piece.
VERGE, V. i. iL.xergo.] I. To tend downwards ; to bend ;
to slope. 2. To tend ; to incline ; to approach.
VERG'ER, n, 1. He that carries the mace before the bishop,
dean, &,c. 2. An officer who carries a white wand before
the justices of either bench in England.
sT'ERG'ING, ppr. Bending or inclining ; tending.
VER'GOU-LEUSE, n. A species of pear ; contracted to
ve7^galoo.
t VE-RID'I-€AL, a. [L. veridicus.] Telling truth.
VER'I-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be verified ; 'that maybe
proved or confirmed by incontestable evidence.
VER-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. [Fr.] The act of verifying or prov-
ing to be true.
VER'I-FlED, pp. Proved ; confirmed by competent evi-
dence.
VER'I-Fi-ER, 71. One that proves or makes appear to be true.
VER'I-FY, v. t. [Fr. verifier.] 1. To prove to be true ; to
confirm. 2. To fulfill, as a promise ; to confirm the truth
of a prediction ; to show to be true. 3. To confirm or
establish the authenticity of any thing by examination or
competent evidence.
VER'I-FY-ING, ppr. Proving to be true ; confirming ;
establishing as authentic.
VER'I-IiY, adv. 1. In truth ; in fact ; certainly. 2. Really ;
truly ; with great confidence.
VER-I-SIM'I-LAR, a. [L. verisimilis.] Having the appear-
ance of truth; probable; likely. White.
VER-I-SI-MIL'I-TUDE, 71. [L.verisimiUtudo.] The appear-
ance of truth ; probability ; likelihood. Olanville.
t VER-I-SI-MIL'I-TY, for verisimilitude.
VERI-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.] True; agreeable to fact. [Little
used.] Shak.
t VER'I-TA-BLY, adv. In a true manner.
VER'I-TY, 71. [Fr. verite; 1.. Veritas.] 1. Truth; conso-
nance of a statement, proposition or other thing to fact.
2. A true assertion or tenet. 3. Moral truth ; agreement
of the words with the thoughts.
VER'JtflCE, n. [Fr. verjus.] A liquor expressed from wild
apples, sour grapes, &c., used in sauces, ragouts and the
like.
VER'MEIL. See Vermilion.
VER-ME-OL'O-GIST, n. One who treats of vermes.
VER-ME-OL'0-GY, n. [L. vermes, and Gr. 'Koyog.] A dis-
course or treatise on vermes, or that part of natural history
whichjreats of vermes. [Little used.]
VER'MkS, 71. Worms ; a class of animals which, in the
Linnean system, are separated from the insects.
*VER-MI-CEL'LI, (ver-me-sel'ly, or ver-me-chel'ly) n.
[It. vermicello ; L. vermiculus,] In cookery, little rolls or
threads of paste, or a composition of flour, eggs, sugar and
saffron ; used in soups and pottages.
VER-MI€'U-LAR, a. [L. vermicuhis \ Pertaining to a
worm ; resembling a worm ; particularly, resembling the
motion of a worm.
VER-MI€'U-IiATE, v. t. [L. vermiculatus.] To inlay ; to
form work by inlaying, resembling the motion or the
tracks of worms.
VER-MI€'U-LA-TED, pp. Formed in the likeness of the
motion of a wormw
VER-MIC'U-LA-TING, ppr Forming so as to resemble the
motion of a worm.
VER-MI€-U-La'TION, n. 1. The actor operation of moving
in the form of a worm 2. The act of forming so as to re-
semble the motion of a worm.
VERM'1-GULE. n. [L. vermiculus.] A little worm or grub.
VER-Mie^U-LdUS, tt. [L.vermiculosus.] 1. Full of worms
or grubs. 2. Resembling worms.
VERM'I-FORM, a. [L. vermis and forma.] Having the
form or shape of a worm.
VERM'I-FUGE, n. [L. vermis and fugo.] A medicine or
substance that destroys or expels worms from animal
bodies ; an anthelmintic.
VER'MIL, \n. [Fr. vermeil, vermilion j
VER-MIIVION, (ver-mil'yun) S It. vermiglione.] 1. The
cochineal, a small insect found on a particular plant ; [im-
p7-nper or obsolete.] 2. Red sulphuret of mercury ; a
bright, beautiful red color of two sorts, natural and artifi-
cial. 3. Any beautiful red color.
VER-MIL'ION, (ver-mil'yun) v. t. To dye red ; to covei
with a delicate red.
VER-MIL'IONED, pp. or a. Dyed or tinged with a bright
red.
VERM'IN, n. sing, and plu. ; used chiefly in the plural.
[Fr., It. verniine.] 1. All sorts of small animals which are
destructive to grain or other produce ; all noxious little
animals or insects, as squirrels, rats, mice, worms, grubs,
flies, &:c. 2. Used of noxious human beings in contempt.
VERM'IN-ATE, v. i. [L. vermino.] To breed vermin.
VERM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. The breeding of vermin. Derham
2. A griping of the bowels.
VERM'IN-LY, a. Like vermin ; of the nature of vermin.
Oauden.
VERM'IN-OUS, a. Tending to breed vermin. Harvey.
VER-MIP'A-ROUS, a. [Tu. vermes and paiio.] Producing
worms. Brown.
VER-MIV'OR-OUS, a. [L. vermes and voro.] Devouring
worms ; feeding on worms.
VER-NA€'U-LAR, a. [l^.vernaculus.] 1. Native; belong-
ing to the country of one's birth. 2. Native ; belonging
to the person by birth or nature. Milner.
t VER-NAe'U-LOUS, a. Vernacular ; also, scoffing. Spen-
VER'NAL, rt. [L. vernalis.] 1. Belonging to the spring ;
appearing in spring. 2. Belonging to youth, the spring
of life. .
VER'NANT, a. [L. vernans.] Flourishing, as in spring ,
as, vernant flowers. Milton.
t VER'NATE, V. i. To become young again.
VER-Na'TION, n. [L. vemo.] In botany, the disposition of
the nascent leaves within the bud. Martyn.
VER'NIER, n. [from the inventor.] A graduated index
which subdivides the smallest divisions on a straight or
j VER-NIL'I-TY, n. [L. vernilis.] Servility ; fawning be-
havior, like that of a slave. Bailey.
VE-RON'I-eA, n. [vera-icon\] 1. A portrait or representa-
tion of the face of our Savior on handkerchiefs.— 2. In
botany, a genus of plants, speedwell.
VER'RU-€OUS, a. [L. verruca, verrucosus.] Warty ; hav-
ing little knobs or warts on the surface.
t VERS-A-BIL'I-TY, or j VERS'A-BLE-NESS, n. [L. ver-
sabilis.] Aptness to be turned round. Diet.
f VERS'A-BLE, -a. That may be turned.
VER'SAL, for universal. [JV'ot used, or very vulgar.]
VERS'A-TlLE, a. [L. versatilis.] 1. That may be turned
round. 2. Liable to be turned in opinion ; changeable ;
variable ; unsteady. 3. Turning with ease from one thing
to another ; readily applied to a new task, or to various
subjects. — 4. In botany, a versatile anther is one fixed by
the middle on the point of the filament, and so poised as
to turn like the needle of a compass ; fixed by its side, but
freely movable.
VERS-A-TIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being versatile ;
aptness to change ; readiness to be turned ; variableness
2. The faculty of easily turning one's mind to new tasks
or subjects.
VERSE, (vers) n. [L. versus ; Fr. vers.] 1. In poetry, a
line, consisting of a certain number of long and short syl-
lables, disposed according to the rules of the species of
poetry which the author intends to compose. 2. Poetry ;
metrical language. 3. A short division of any composi-
tion, particularly of the chapters in the Scriptures. 4. A
piece of poetiy. 5. A portion of an anthem to be perform-
ed by a single voice to each part. 6. In a song or ballad,
a stanza is called a verse.
See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolett
VES
904
VET
n. [L. vertehra.\ A joint of the spine or
back-bone of an animal.
VERSE, V. t. To tell in verse ; to relate poetically.— To
be versed, [L. versor,] to be well skilled ; to be acquaint-
ed with.
VERSE'-MAN, n. [verse anA man.] A writer of verses j iw
ludicrous language. Prior.
VERS'ER, n. A maker of verses ; a versifier. B. Jonson.
t VERS'I-€LE, 71. [L. versiculus.] A little verse.
VERS'I-€6L-0R, ) a. [L. versicolor.] Having various
VERS'I-eoL-ORED, J colors ; changeable in color.
VER-SI€'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to verses j designating dis-
tinct divisions of a writing.
VER-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr. from versifier.] The act, art
or practice of composing poetic verse.
VERS'I-FI-€a-TOR, n. A versifier. [Little used.]
VERST-FIED, pp. Formed into verse.
VERS'I-Fl-ER, n. 1. One who makes verses. 2. One who
converts into verse ; or one who expresses the ideas of
another^ written in prose.
VERS'I-FY, v. i. To make verses. Dryden.
"VERS'I-FY, v. t. 1. To relate or describe in verse. Daniel.
2. To turn into verse.
"VER'SION, n. [Fr. from L. vei-sio.] 1. A turning 5 a
change or transformation ; [unusuali] 2. Change of di-
rection ; [unusual.] 3. The act of translating ; the ren-
dering of thoughts or ideas expressed in one language,
into words of like signification in another language. 4.
Translation; that which is rendered from another lan-
guage.
VERST, n. A Russian measure of length, containing 1166|
yards, or 3500 feet ; about three quarters of an English
mile.
VERT, n. [Fr. verd; 1,. viridis.] 1. In the forest laws,
every thing that grows and bears a green leaf within the
forest. — 2. In heraldry, a green color.
VERT'E-BRAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the joints of the spine
or back-bone. 9. Having a back-bone or spinal joints,
VERT'E-BRAL, n. An animal of the class which have a
back-bone.
VERT'E-BRA-TED, a. [L. vertebratus.] Having a back-
bone, or vertebral column, containing the spinal marrow,
as an animal.
VERT'E-BRE,
VERT'E-BER,
VERT'E-BRA,
VERT'EX, 71. [L.] 1. The crown or top of the head. 2.
The top of a hill or other thing ; the point of a cone, pyra-
mid, angle or figure ; the pole of a glass, in optics, — 3". In
astronomy, the zenith ; the point of the heavens perpen-
dicularlv over the head.
VERT'I-€AL, a. [Fr. ; L. vertex.] L Placed or being in
the zenith, or perpendicularly over the head. 2. Being in
a position perpendicular to the plane of the horizon.
VERT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the zenith.
VERT'I-€AL-NESS, n. The state of bemg in the zenith,
or perpendicularly over the head.
f VERT-I-€AL'I-TY, n. The state of being in the zenith.
Brown.
VERT'I-CIL, 71. [L. verticillus.] In botany, a little whirl ;
a mode of inflorescence, in which the flowers surround
the stem in a kind of ring.
VER-TIC'IL-LATE, a. In botany, verticillate flowers are
such as grow in a whirl, or round the stem in rings, one
above another, at each joint.
VER-TIC'I-TY, n. [fromveHex.] 1. The power of turn-
ing ; revolution ; rotation. 2. That property of the load-
stone by which it turns to some particular point.
VER-TI6'IN-0US, a. [L. vertiginosus.] 1. Turning
round ; whirling ; rotary. 2. Giddy ; affected with ver-
tigo.
VER-Tl6'IN-OUS-NESS, n. Giddiness; a whirling, or
sense of whirling ; unsteadiness. Taylor.
* VERT'I-GO, 71. [L.] Giddiness ; dizziness or swimming of
the head ; an affection of the heE^d, in which objects ap-
pear to move in various directions.
VER'VAIN, 7i. A plant of the genus verbena.
VER'VAIN-MAL'LoW, n. A species of mallow.
VER'VELS, 71. [Fr. vervelle.] Labels tied to a hawk.
VER'Y, a. [Fr. vrai ,• L. verus.] True ; real.
VER'Y, adv. As an adverb, or modifier of adjectives and
adverbs, very denotes in a great degree, an eminent or
high degree, but not generally the highest ; as, a very
cold' day.
VES'I-€ANT, n. A blistering application ; an epispastic.
Bi(TelotP.
VES'I-€ATE, v.t [h. vesica.] To blister; to raise little
bladders, or separate the cuticle by inflaming the skin.
VES'l-OA-TED, pp. Blistered.
VES'I-€A-TING, ppr. Blistering.
VES-I-€a'TION, 71. The process of raising blisters or little
cuticular bladders on the skin.
VES'I-€A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. vp.-inatoire.] A blistering appli-
cation or plaster ; an epispastic.
VES [-€LE, 71. [L. vesicula.] 1. A little bladder, or a por-
tion of the cuticle separated from the skin and filled with
some humor. 9. Any small membranous cavity in anl
mals or vegetables.
VE-SI€'U-LAR, or VE-SIG'U-LOUS, a. 1. Peitaijiing tc
vesicles ; consisting of vesicles. 2. Hollow ; full or inter
slices. 3. Having little bladders or glands on the surface
as the leaf of a plant.
VE-SI€U-LATE, a. Bladdery; full of bladders.
VES'PER, n. [L.] 1. The evening star ; Venus; also, th
evening. 2. Vespers, in the plural, the evening song or
evening service in the Romish church.
VES'PER-TINE, a. [L. vespertinus.] Pertaining to the
evening ; happening or being in the evening.
VES'SEL, 71. [It. vasello ; Fr. vaisseau ; Sp. vasija.] 1. A
cask or utensil proper for holding liquors and other things.
— 2. In anatomy, any tube or canal, in which the blood
and other humors are contained, secreted or circulated, as
the arteries. — 3. In the physiology of plants, a canal or
tube of very small bore, in which the sap is contained and
conveyed ; also, a bag or utricle, filled with pulp, and
serving as a reservoir for sap ; also, a spiral canal, usually
of a larger bore, for receiving and distributing air. 4.
Any building used in navigation, which carries masts and
sails, from the largest ship of war down to a fishing sloop.
5. Something containing.
t VES'SEL, v. t. To put into a vessel. Bacon.
VES'SETS, n. A kind of cloth. Qiu.
VES'SI-€ON, I n. [L. vesica.] A soft swelling on a horse s
VES'SI-GON, \ leg, called a windgall.
VEST, n. [Fr.veste; It. vesta; J^.vestis.] 1. An outer
garment. — 2. In common speech, a man's under garment,
called, also, waistcoat.
VEST, V. t. 1. To clothe ; to cover, surround or encompass
closely 2. To dress ; to clothe with a long garment. —
To vest with, to clothe ; to furnish with ; to invest with. —
To vest in. 1. To put in possession of; to furnish with 3
to clothe with. 2. To clothe with another form ; to con-
vert into another substance or species of property.
VEST, v. i. To come or descend to ; to be fixed ; to take
effect, as a title or right.
VEST'AL, a. [L. vestalis.] 1. Pertaining to Vesta, the
goddess of fire among the Romans, and a virgin. 2.
Pure ; chaste.
VEST'AL, n. A virgin consecrated to Vesta, and to the
service of watching the sacred fire.
VEST'ED, pp. 1. Clothed ; covered ; closely encompassed.
2. a. Fixed ; not in a state of contingency or suspen-
sion.
n^ES'TI-BULE, 71. [Fr. ; L. vcstibulum.] 1. The porch or
entrance into a house, or a large open space before the
door, but covered. 2. A little antechamber before the
entrance of an ordinary apartment. 3. An apartment in
large buildings, which presents itself into a hall or suit of
rooms or offices. — 1. In anatomy, a cavity belonging to
the labyrinth of the ear.
VES'TIgE, n. TFr. ; L. vestigium.] A track or footstep ;
the maik of the foot left on the earth ; but mostly used for
the mark or remains of something else.
VEST'ING, ppr. Clothing ; covering ; closely encompass-
ing ; descending to and becoming permanent, as a right
or title ; converting into other species of property, as
money.
VEST'ING, V. Cloth for vests ; vest patterns. U. States.
VEST'MENT, n. [L. vestimentum ; Fr. vetement.] A gar-
ment ; some part of clothing or dress ; especially some
part of outer clothing ; but it is not restricted to any par-
ticular garment.
VEST'RY, -n. [L. vestiarium : Fr. vestiaire.] 1. A room
appendant to a church, in which the sacerdotal vestments
and sacred utensils are kept, and where parochial meet-
ings are held. 2. A parochial assembly, so called because
held in a vestry. Clarendon.
VESl'RY-CLERK, n. An ofiicer chosen by the vestry,
who keeps the parish accounts and books.
A''EST'RY-MAN, 7). In London, vestry-men are a select
number of principal persons of every parish, who choose
parish officers and take care of its concerns.
VEST'URE, n. [Fr. veture.] 1. A garment; a robe. 2
Dress ; garments in general ; habit ; clothing ; vestment.
3. Clothing ; covering. — 4. In old law books, the corn with
which land was covered. — 5. In old books, seisin ; pos-
session ; [obs.]
VE-Su'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to the volcano Vesuvius.
VE-Su'VI-AN, n. In mineralogy, a subspecies of pyramid-
ical garnet, a mineral found in the vicinity of Vesuvius.
VETCH, 71. [Fr. vesce ; It. veccia ; L. vicia.] A plant of
the leguminous kind, with papilionaceous flowers, of the
genus vicia.
VETCH'LING, n. [from vetch.] In botany, a name of the
lathyrus aphaca, expressive of its diminutive size.
VETCH'Y, (7. 1. Consisting of vetches or of pea straw.
Spenser. 2. Abounding with vetches.
VET'ER-AN, a. [L. veteranus.] Having been long exer
cised in any thing ; long practiced or experienced.
VET'ER-AN, 71. One who has been long exercised in any
* See Synopsis. A. is, I, O, tj, T,
Zt'ft-r.
-FAR, FALL, VITHAT ;— PREY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete.
VIC
905
VIC
service or art, particularly in war ; one who lias grown
old in service, and has had much experience.
VET-ER-IN-A'RI-AN, n. [L. veterinarius.] One skilled in
the diseases of cattle or domestic animals. Broion.
V£T'ER-I-NA-RY, a. Pertaining to the art of healing or
treating the diseases of domestic animals, as oxen, horses,
sheep, &C.C.
Ve'TO, 71. [L. •yeto, I forbid.] A forbidding; prohibition;
or the right of forbidding ; applied to the right of a king or
other magistrate or officer to withhold his assent to the en-
actment of a law.
f VE-TUST', a. [L. vetustus.] Old ; ancient. Cockeram.
VEX, V t. [L. vexo ; Fr. vexer ; It. vessare ; Sp. vexar,]
1. To irritate; to make angry by little provocations, 2.
To plague ; to torment ; to harass ; to afflict. 3. To dis-
turb ; to disquiet ; to agitate. 4. To trouble ; to distress.
5. To persecute, ^cts xii. 6. To stretch, as by hooks ;
[obs.]
VEX, V. i. To fret ; to be teased or irritated. Chapman.
VEX-A'TXON, 71. [Fr. from L. TjesatJo.] 1. The act of irri-
tating, or of troubling, disquieting and harassing. 2.
State of being irritated or disturbed in mind. 3. Disquiet ;
agitation; great uneasiness. Temple. 4. The cause of
trouble or disquiet. 5. Afflictions ; great troubles ; severe
judgments. 6. A harassing by law. 7 A slight, teasing
trouble.
VEX-A'TIOUS, a. 1. Irritating ; disturbing or agitating to
the mind ; causing disquiet ; afflictive. 2. Distressing ;
harassing. 3. Full of trouble and disquiet. 4. Teasing ;
slightly troublesome ; provoking.
VEX-A'TIOUS-L,Y, adv. In a manner to give great trouble.
VEX-A'TIOUS-NESS, 71. The quality of giving great
trouble and disquiet, or of teasing and provoking.
VEXED, pp. Teased ; provoked ; irritated ; troubled ; agi-
tated ; disquieted ; afflicted.
VEX'ER, 71. One who vexes, irritates or troubles.
VEX'IL, 7?. \lj. vezillum.} A flag or standard. In hotany,
the upper petal of a papilionaceous flower.
V£X'IL-LA-RY, n. A standard bearer.
VEX'IL-LA-RY, a. Pertaining to an ensign or standard.
VEX-IL-La'TION, 71. [L. vex^illatio.] A company of troops
under one ensign.
VEX'ING, ppr. Provoking; irritating; afflicting.
VEX'ING-LY, adv. So as to vex, tease or irritate. Tatler.
VI'AGE. See Voyage.
VI' AL, n. [Fr. violc ; Gr. i^iaAj? y L. phiala.] A phial ; a
small bottle of thin glass, used particular. > by apotheca-
ries and druggists.
Vi'AL, V. t. To put in a vial. Milton.
VlAND, 71. [Ft.viande; It. vivavda.] Meat dressed ; food.
Pope.
\ Vi'A-RY, a. [L. viarius.] Kappening in the way, or on
the roads. Feltham.
Vl-AT'ie, a. [L. viaticum.] Pertaining to a journey or to
traveling.
Vl-AT'I-eUM, 71. [L.] 1. Provisions for a journey.— 2.
Among the ancient Romans, an allowance to officers who
were sent into the provinces to exercise any office or per-
form any service, also to the officers and soldiers of the
army. — 3. In the Romish church, the communion or eu-
charist given to i)ersons in their last moments.
Vl'BRANT, or VIB'RI-ON, n. [L. vibrans.] A name given
to the ichneumon fly, from the continual vibration of its
antennae.
Vl'BRATE, V. i. [L. vibro ; It. vibrare.] 1. To swing ; to
oscillate ; to move one way and the other ; to play to and
fro. 2. To quiver. 3. To pass from one state to an-
other.
Vl'BRATE, V. t. 1. To brandish ; to move to and fro ; to
swing. 2. To cause to quiver.
VI'BRA-TED, pp. Brandished ; moved one way and the
other.
Vl-BRA-TIL'I-TY, n. Disposition to preternatural vibra-
tion or motion. \J^ot much used.] Rush.
VI'BRA-TING, ppr. Brandishing; moving to and fro, as a
pendulum or musical chord.
VT-BRA'TION, 71. [Fr. ; Ju. vibro.] 1. The act of brand-
ishing ; the act of moving or state of being moved one
way and the other in quick succession. — 2. In mechanics,
a regular reciprocal motion of a body suspended ; amo-
tion consisting of continual reciprocations or returns, as
of the pendulum of a chronometer. — 3. In physics, alter-
nate or reciprocal motion ; as, the vibrations of the nervous
fluid.— 4. In music, the motion of a chord, or tlie undula-
tion of any body, by which sound is produced.
VT-BRATT-UN-CLE, n. A small vibration. Chambers.
Vr'BRA-TiVE, a. That vibrates. J^eivton.
VIBRA-TO-RY, a. 1. Vibrating; consisting in vibration
or oscillation. 2. Causing to vibrate.
Vl€'AR, n. \Fx.vicaire ; \t. vicar io ; Ij. vicar ius.] ]. Ina
general sense, a person deputed or authorized to perform
the functions of another; a substitute in office. — 2. In the
canon lore, the priest of a parish, the predial tithes of
which are impropriated or appropriated.
VI€'AR-ACE, 71. The benefice of a vicar. A vicarage by
endowment becomes a benefice distinct from the par-
sonage.
VIC'AR-GEN'ER-AL, n. A title given by Henry Vni to
the earl of Essex, with power to oversee all the clergy.
It is now the title of an office, which is united in the
chanceflor of the diocese.
VI-€a^RI-AL, a. [from vicar.] Pertaining to a vicij-
small.
Vi-€a'RI-ATE, a. Having delegated power, as a vicar
Barrow.
Vi.-€a'R1-ATE, n. A delegated office or power. LordJ^orth.
Vi-€a'RI-OUS, u, [L. Vic anus.] 1. Deputed ; delegated
2. Acting for another; filling the place of another. 3
Substituted in the place of another ; as, a vicarious sac-
rifice.
VI-eA'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In the place of another ; by sub-
stitution. Burke.
VI€'AR-SHIP, n. The office of a vicar ; the ministry of a
vicar.
VICE, 71. [Fr. vice ; It. vizio ; Sp. vicio ; L. vitium.] 1.
Properly, a spot or defect ; a fault ; a blemish. — 2. In
ethics, any voluntary action or course of conduct which
deviates from the rules of moral rectitude. Vice differs
from crime, in being less enormous. 3. Depravity or cor-
ruption of manners. 4. A fault or bad trick in a horse
5. The fool or punchinello of old shows. 6. An iron
press. [This should be written vise.] 7. A gripe or
grasp ; [obs.] Shak.
t VICE, V. t. To draw by a kind of violence. [See Vise.]
Shak.
VICE [L. vice, in the turn or place] is used in composition
to denote one gui vicem gerit, who acts in the place of
another, or is second in authority.
VICE-AD'MI-RAL, n. 1. In the navy, the second officer in
command. — 2. A civil office/ in Great Britain, appointed
by the lords commissioners of the admiralty, for exer
cising admiralty jurisdiction within their respective dis-
tricts.
VICE-AB'MI-RAL-TY, 71. The office of a vice-admiralty j
a vice-admiralty court.
VICE-a'GEjVT, n. [vice and agent.] One who acts in the
place of another. Hooker
VICE-CHaM'BER-LAIN, n. An officer in court, next in
command to the lord chamberlain. England.
VICE-CHAN'CEL-OR, n. An officer in a university in
England, a distinguished member, who is annually elect-
ed to manage the aff'airs in the absence of the chancelor
Cyc.
VICE-€ON'SUL, 7i. One who acts in the place of a consul
t ViCED, a. Vitious ; corrupt. Shak.
VICE'- Doge, n. a counselor at Venice, who represents
tlie doge when sick or absent. Cyc.
VICE-GE'REN-CY, 71. The office of a vicegerent ; agency
under another ; deputed power ; lieutenancy.
V1CE-GE''RENT, 71. [L. vicem gerens.] A lieutenant; a
vicar ; an officer who is jieputed by a superior or by
proper_authority to exercise the powers of another.
ViCE-GE'Pi.ENT, a. Having or exercising delegated power;
acting by substitution, or in the place of another.
VICE-LEG'ATE, n. An officer employed by the pope.
VIC'E-NA-RY, a. [L. vicenarius.] Belongmg to twenty.
VICE-PRES'I-DENT, n. An officer next in rank below a
president. United States.
ViCE'ROY, n. [Fr. vicero^.] The governor of a kingdom or
country, who rules in the name of the king with regal
authority, as the king's s'jbstitute.
VICE-ROY'AL-TY, n. The dignity, office or jurisdiction
of a viceroy.
ViCE'ROY-SHIP, 71. The dignity, office or jurisdiction of a
viceroy.
t Vl'CE-TY, 78. Nicety ; exactness. B. Jonson.
VI''CIATE, v. t. [L. vitio. This verb is usually written
vitiate] 1. To injure tlie substance or properties of a
thing so as to impair its value, and lessen or destroy its
use ; to make less pure, or wholly impure ; to deprave.
2. To render defective, and thus destroy the validity of;
to invalidate by defect.
Vi"CIA-TED, pp. Depraved ; impaired in substance or
quality ; rendered defective and void.
Vl"CIA-TING, ppr. Injuring in substance or properties:
rendering defective ; making void.
Vi-CI-a'T[ON, n. Depravation ; corruption.
VIC'IN-AGE, n. [from L. vicinia, vicinus.] Neighborhood ;
the place or places adjoining or near.
* VIC'I-NAL, ; a. Neai-; neighboring. [Little used.] Olan-
*VIC'lNE, \ ville.
VI-CIN'I-TY, n. [L. vicinitas.] 1. Nearness In place. 2
Neighborhood. 3. Neighboring country.
Vl-CI-OS'I-TY, 71. Depravity; corruption of manners.
Vl''CIOUS, a. [Fr. vicieux ; L. vitiosus.] 1. Defective ;
imperfect. 2. Addicted to vice ; corrupt in principles or
conduct ; depraved ; wicked ; habitually transgressing
the moral law. 3. Corrupt , contrary to moral principles
■ See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJI.L, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; i? as Z ; ClI as SIl ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
VIE
906
VIL
or to rectitude. 4. Corrupt, in a physical serise ; foul ;
impure ; insalubrious. 5. Corrupt ; not genuine or pure.
6. Unruly ; refractory ; not well tamed or broken. Mew
En ff land.
Vi"CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. Corruptly ; in a manner contrary
to rectitude, moral principles, propriety or purity, 2.
Faultily ; not correctly. Burnet.
VI"CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Artdictedness to vice ; corruptness
of moral principles or practice ; habitual violation of the
moral law, or of moral duties ; depravity in principles or
in manners. 2. Unruliness 3 refractoriness, as of a beast
JVew England.
VI-CIS'SI-TUDE, n. [L. vicissittido.] I. Regular change
or succession of one thing to another. 2. Change ; revo-
lution, as in human affairs.
VI-CIS-SI-TU'DI-NA-RY, a. Changing in succession.
Donne.
Vl-€ON'TIEL, a. [vice-comitalia.] In old law looks, per-
taining to the sheriff — Viconticl rents are certain rents
for which the sheriff pays a rent to the king. — Vicontiel
writs are such as are triable in the county or sheriff court.
Cyc.
Vl-€ON'TIELS, n. Things belonging to the sheriff; -par-
ticularly, farms for which the sheriff pays rent to the
king.
Vl'COUNT, n. [vice-comes.'] 1. In law books, the sheriff.
2. A degree of nobility next below a count or earl ; see
Viscount.
VICTIM, n. [h. victima ; Fr. victiync] 1. A living being
sacrificed to some deity, or in the performance of a reli-
gious rite ; usually, some beast slain in sacririce. 2. Some-
tliing destroyed j something sacrificed in the pursuit of an
object.
t VIC'TI-MATE, V. t. To sacrifice. Bullokar.
VICTOR, 71. [L.] 1. One who conquers in war; a van-
quisher ; one who defeats an enemy in battle. Victor
differs from conqueror. We apply conqueror to one who
subdues countries, kingdoms or nations ; as, Alexander
was the conqueror of Asia or India, or of many nations, or
of the world. In such phrases, we cannot substitute vic-
tor. But we use victor, when we speak of one who over-
comes a particular enemy, or in a particular battle ; as,
Cesar was victor at Pharsalia. 2. One who vanquishes
another in private combat or contest. 3. One who wins,
or gains the advantage. 4. Master ; lord ; [/. h.]
VICTOR-ESS, n. A female who vanquishes. Spenser.
VI€-To'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. victorieux.] 1. Having conquered
' in battle or contest ; having overcome an enemy or an-
tagonist ; conquering ; vanquishing. 2. That produces
conquest. 3. Emblematic of conquest; indicating vic-
tory.
VI€-To'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Vv ith conquest ; with defeat of
an enemy or antagonist ; triumphantly
Vie-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being victorious.
VIC'TO-RY, 71. [Ij. victoria ; Fr. victoire.] 1. Conquest ;
the defeat of ah enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in
contest ; a gaining of the superiority in war or combat.
2. The advantage or superiority gained over spiritual ene-
mies, i Cor. XV.
VICTRESS, 71. A female that conquers. Sliak.
VICT'UAL. See Victuals.
VICT'UAL, (vit'tl) V. t. 1. To supply with provisions for
subsistence. 2. To store with provisions.
VICT'UALED, (vit'tld) pp. Supplied with provisions.
VICT'UAL-ER, (vit'tl-er) n. 1. One who furnishes provi-
sions. 2. One who keeps a house of entertainment. 3.
A provision-ship.
ViCT'UAL-ING, (vit'tl-ing) ppr. Supplying with provi
sions.
VICT'UAL-ING-HOUSE, n. A house where provision is
made for strangers to eat.
VICT'UALS, (vit'tlz) n. [Fr. rictuailles ; It. vettovaglia ;
Sp. vitualla.] Food for human beings, prepared for eating ;
that which supports human life ; provisions ; meat ; sus-
tenance.
VI-DEL'I-CET, adu. [1,. for viaere licet.] To wit; namely.
An abbreviation for this word is viz.
\ VID'U-AL, a. [L. viduus.] Belonging to the state of a
widow.
t yr-DU'I-TY, 71. [L. vidititas.] Widowhood.
VtE, v. i. [Sax. Tcigan.] To strive for superiority ; to con-
tend ; to use effort in a race, contest, competition, rival-
ship or strife.
f ViE, v. t. 1. To show or practice in competition 2. To
urge ; to press.
VIELLEUR, n. A species of fly in Surinam.
VIEW, (vu) v. t. [Fr. vue ; L. i iderc ; Russ. viju.] 1. To
survey ; to examine with the eye ; to look on with atten-
tion, or for the purpose of examining ; to inspect ; to ex-
plore. View differs from look, see and behold, in express-
ing more particular or continued attention to the thing
which is the object of sight. 2. To see ; to perceive by
the eye. 3. To survey intellectually ; to examine with
the mental eye ; to consider.
VIEW, (vu) n. 1. Prospect; sight; reach of the eye 9
The whole extent seen. 3. Sight ; power of seeing, or
limit of sight. 4. Intellectual or mental sight. 5. Act of
seeing. 6. Sight ; eye. 7. Survey ; inspection ; exami
nation by the eye. 8. Intellectual survey ; mental ex-
amination. 9. Appearance ; show. 10. Display ; exhi-
bition to the sight or mind. 11. Prospect of interest. 12.
Intention ; purpose ; design. 13, Opinion ; manner of
seeing or understanding. — Point of view, the direction in
which a thing is seen.
VIEWED, (vude) pp. Surveyed ; examined by the eye ;
inspected ; considered.
VIEWER, (vu'er) n. 1. One who views, surveys or ex-
amines. — 2. In JVew England, a town officer whose duty
is to inspect something ; as, a viewer offences.
VIEWING, (vu'ing) ppr. Surveying; examining by the
eye or by the mind ; inspectihg ; exploring.
VIEW'IjNG, (vu'ing) n. The act of beholding or surveying.
VIEWLESS, (vu'les) a. That cannot be seen; not being
perceivable by the eye ; invisible. Pope.
jVIEWLY, (vij'ly) a. Sightly; striking to the view.
Vi-GES-I-Ma'T10N, 71. [L. vigesimus.] The act of putting
to death every twentieth man. Bailey.
VI6'IL, n. [h.vigiliaj Fx.vigile; 'L. vigil.] 1. Watch;
devotion performed in the customary hours of rest or
sleep. — 2. In church affairs, the eve or evening before any
feast ; a religious service performed in the evening pre-
ceding a holyday. 3. A fast observed on the day preced-
ing a holyday ; a wake. 4. Watch ; forbearance of
sleep.
VIG'I-LANCE, 71. [Fr. ; L. vigilans.] 1. Forbearance of
sleep; a state of being awake. 2. Watchfulness ; circum-
spection ; attention of the mind in discovering and guard-
ing agamst danger, or providing for safety. 3. Guard ;
watch ; [uwiisual.]
■f VlG'I-LAN-CY, for vigilance.
VIG'I-LANT, a, [Fr. ; 1,. vigilans .] Watchful; circum-
spect ; attentive to discover and avoid danger, or to pro-
vide for safety.
VIG I-LANT-LY, adu. Watchfully; with attention to dan-
ger and the means of safety ; circumspectly.
VIG-NETTE', ; (commonly pronounced vin'yet) n. [Fr.
VIG-NET', \ vignette.] An ornament placed at the
beginning of a book, preface or dedication ; a head-piece.
VIGOR, n. [L.] 1. Active strength or force of body in
animals ; physical force. 2. Strength of mind ; intellect-
ual force ; energy. 3. Strength or force in vegetable mo-
tion. 4. Strength ; energy ; efficacy.
fVIG'OR, V.I. To invigorate. Feltham.
VIG'OR-OUS, a. 1. Full of physical strength or active
force; strong; lusty. 2. Powerfnl; strong; made by
strength, either of body or mind.
VIG'OK-OUS-LY, adv. With great physical force or
strength ; forcibly ; with active exertions.
VIG'OR-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being vigorous or
possessed of active strength.
t ViLD, or t ViLED, a. Vile. Spenser.
VILE, a. [L. vilis ; Fr., Sp. vil ; It. vile.] 1. Base ; mean
worthless; despicable. 2. Morally base or impure; sin-
ful; depraved by sin ; wicked.
f y iLED, a. Abusive ; scurrilous ; defamatory.
ViLE'LY, ado. 1. Basely ; meanly : shamefully. 2. In a
cowardly manner. 2 Sam. i.
ViLE'NESS, n. 1. Baseness ; meanness ; despicableness.
2. Moral baseness or depravity ; degradation by sin ; ex-
treme wickedness. Prior.
VIL'I-FlED, pp. Defamed ; traduced ; debased.
VIL'I-FI-ER, n. One who defames or traduces.
VIL'I-Fy, v.t. 1. To make vile; to debase ; to degrade
2. To defame; to traduce; to attempt to degrade by
slander.
VIL'I-FY-ING, ppr. Debasing; defaming.
t VIL'I-PEiVD, V. t. [L. vilipeudo.] To despise.
t VIL-I-PEND'EN-CY, n. Disesteem ; slight.
t VIL'I-TY, n. Vileness ; baseness. Kennet.
VILL, n. [L. villa ; Fr. ville.] A village ; a small collection
of houses. Hale.
VIL'LA, 7i. [1a. villa ; Fr. ville.] A country-seat or a farm,
furnished with a mansion and convenient out-houses.
VIL'LAGE, 7!, [Fr. ; villa.] A small assemblage fef houses,
less than a town or city, and inhabited chiefly by farmers
and other laboring people.
VIL'LA-GER, n. An inhabitant of a village. Milton.
VIL'LA-GER-Y, n. A district of villages. Shak.
VIL'LAIN, ) n. [Fr. vilain; It., Sp. villano.] 1. In feudal
VIIVLAN, \ law, a villain or villein is one who holds
lands by a base or servile tenure, or in villenage. 2. A
vile, wicked person ; a man extremely depraved, and ca-
pable or guilty of great crimes.
VIL'LA-KIN, n. A little village ; a word used by Gay.
VIL'LAN-AGE, n. 1. The state of a villain ; base servi
tude. 2, A base tenure of lands; tenure on condition
of doing the meanest services fbr the lord ; usually writ-
ten villenage 3. Baseness; infamy; see Villanv.
See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PRgY ;— PIN. MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete.
VIN
907
VIR
VIL'LAN-IZE, V. t. To debase ; to degrade ; to defame j to
revile. [Little used.\ Dryden.
VIL'LAN-IZE 3, pp. Defamed ; debased. [Little used.]
f VIL'LAN-IZ-ER, 71. One who degrades, debases or de-
fames.
VlL'LAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Defaming ; debasing. [Little used.]
VIL'LAN-OUS, ) a. [from villain.] 1. Base ; very vile ;
VIL'LAIN-OUS, I 2. Wicked 3 extremely depraved. 3.
Proceeding from extreme depravity. 4. Sorry ; vile ; mis-
chievous.
VIL'LAN-OUS-Lr, adv Basely; vpith extreme wicked-
ness or depravity.
VILLAiV-OUS-NESS, n. Baseness; extreme depravity.
VIL'LAN-Y, ) 71. I. Extreme depravity; atrocious wick-
VIL'LAIN-Y, \ edness. 2. A crime ; an action of deep
depravity.
VIL-LAT'I€, a. [L. villaticus.] Pertaining to a village.
VIL'LEN-A6E, 71. [from villain.] A tenure of lands and
tenements by base services. Blackstone.
VIL'LI, 71. [L.] In aiiatomy, are the same as fibres ; and in
botany, small hairs like the grain of plush or shag, with
wliich, as a kind of excrescence, some trees abound.
Q,uincy.
VIL'LOUS, a. [L. villosus.] 1. Abounding with fine hairs
or wooly substance ; nappy ; shaggy ; rough. — 2. In bota-
ny, pubescent ; covered with soft hairs.
VIM'IN-AL, a [L. viminalis.] Pertaining to twigs ; con-
sisting of twigs ; producing twigs.
VI-MIN'E-OUS, a. [L. vimineus.] Made of twigs or shoots.
Prior.
VI-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. vinaceus.] Belonging tr wine or
grapes. Tiliite.
VIN'CI-BLE, a. [from L. vinco.] Conquerable ; that may
be overcome or subdued. Hayward.
VIN'CI-BLE-NESS, 71. The capacity of being conquered ;
conquerableness. Diet.
tVINeT'URE, 71. [L. vinctura.] A binding.
V1N-De'MI-AL, a. [L. vindemialis.] Belonging to a vint-
age or grape harvest.
VIN-De'IVM-ATE, v. i. To gather the vintage. Evelyn.
VIN-DE-MI-a'TION, n. The operation of gathering grapes.
VIN-DI-€A-BIL'1-TY, n. The quality of being vindicable,
or capable of support or justification.
VIN'DI-eA-BLE, a. That may be vindicated, justified or
supported. Dwi^ht.
VIN'DI-€ATE, v. t. [L. vindico.] 1. To defend ; to justi-
fy ; to support or maintain as true or correct, against de-
nial, censure or objections. 2. To assert ; to defend with
success ; to maintain ; to prove to be just or valid. 3. To
defend with arms, or otherwise. 4. To avenge ; to pun-
ish ; [obs.]
VIN'DI-€A-TED, pp. Defended ; supported ; maintained ;
proved to be just or true.
VIN'DI-€A-TING, ;>p?-. Defending; supporting; proving
to be true or just ; defending by for^e.
VIN-DI-€a'TION, 71. [Fr.; L. vindico.] 1. The defense
of any thing, or a justification against denial or censure,
or against objections or accusations. 2. The act of sup-
porting by proof or legal process ; the proving of any
thing to be just. 3. Defense by force or otherwise.
VIN'DI-€A-TlVE, a. 1. Tending to vindicate. 2. Re-
vengeful.
VIN'DI-€A-TOR, n. One who vindicates ; one who justi-
fies or maintains ; one who defends. Dryden.
VIN'DI-OA-TO-RY, a. 1. Punitory ; inflicting punishment ;
avenging. 2. Tending to vindicate ; justificatory.
VIN-Die'TIVE, a. [Ft. vindicatif.] Revengeful; given to
revenge. Dryden.
VIN-DI€'TIVE-LY, adv. By way of revenge ; revenge-
fully.
VIN-Dl€'TIVE-NESS, 71. 1. A revengeful temper. 2. Re-
vengefulness.
VINE, 71. [L. vinea j Fr. vigne ; It. vigna; Sp. vina,] 1.
A plant that produces grapes, of the genus vitis. 2. The
long, slender stem of any plant, that trails on the ground,
or climbs and supports itself by winding round a fixed
object, or by seizing any fixed thing with its tendrils or
claspers.
VINED, a. Having leaves like those of the vine. Wotton.
ViNE'-DRESS-ER, ?^. [7)i?ie and dresser.] One who dress-
es, trims, prunes and cultivates vines.
VL^JE'-FRET-TER, n. [vine and /ret.] A small insect that
injures vines, the aphis or puceron.
VIN'E-GAR, n. [Fr. vin and aigre.] 1. Vegetable acid ;
au acid liquor obtained from wine, cider, beer or other
liquors, by the second or acetous fermentation. 2. Any
thing really or metaphorically sour ; [obs.]
VlNE'-GRUB,7(. [vine anA grub.] A little insect that infests
vines ; the vine-fretter or puceron Cyc.
VI'NER, 71. An orderer or trimmer of vines, ffuloet.
Vi'NER-Y, n. In gardening, an erection for supporting vines
and exposing them to artificial heat, consisting of a wall
with stoves and flues.
VINE'YARD, ) n. [Sax. vingeard ; It. fivnghort.] A plan
VIN'YARD, ) tation of vines producing grapes ; proper-
ly, an inclosure or yard for grape-vines.
t VIN'NEWED, a. [Sax.fynig ] Moldv ; musty. JSTewton
f VIN'NEW-ED-NESS, n . Mustiness ; moldiness. Barret.
t VIN'NY, a. Moldy ; musty.
t VIN'O-LEN-CY, n. [L. vinolentia.] Drunkenness.
t yiN'O-LENT, a. Given to wine.
Vl-NOS'i-TY, n. State or quality of being vinous. Scott
Vl'NOUS, a. [Fr. vineux ; L. vinnm.] Having the qualities
of wine ; pertaining to wine.
VINT'AGE, n. [P''r. vendange.] 1. The produce of the
vine for the season. 2. The time of gathering the crop of
grapes. 3. The wine produced by the crop of grapes in
one season.
VINT'A-GER, n. One that gathers the vintage.
VINT'NER, 71. One who deals in wine ; a wine-seller
VINT'RY, n. A place where wine is sold. Ainsworth.
VI'NY, a. 1. Belonging to vines ; producing grapes. 2.
Abounding in vines. P. Fletcher.
Vl'OL, 71. [Fr. viole ; It., Sp. viola ; Ir biol.] A stringed
musical instrument^ of the same form as the violin, but
larger, and having formerly six strings, to be struck witli
a how.
Vl'0-LA-BLE, a. [L. violabilis.] That may be violated,
broken or injured.
VT-O-La'CEOUS, a. [L. viola.] Resembling violets.
Vl'0-LATE, V. t. [Fr. violer ; L. violo ; It. violare ; Sp. vi-
olar.] 1. To injure ; to hurt ; to interrupt : to disturb
2. To break , to infringe ; to transgress. 3. To injure ; to
do violence to. 4. To treat with irreverence ; to profane.
5. To ravish ; to compress by force.
VI'0-LA-TEI), pp. Injured ; transgressed ; ravished.
Vl'O-LA-TING, ppr. Injuring ; infringing ; ravishing.
Vi-O-La'TION, n. [Fr.J 1. The act of violating or injur-
ing ; interruption, as 01 sleep or peace. 2. Infringement ;
transgression ; non-observance. 3. Act of irreverence ;
profanation or contemptuous treatment of sacred thing?
4. Ravishment; rape.
Vl'O-LA-TOR, 71. 1. One who violates, injures, interrupts
or disturbs. 2. One who infringes or transgresses. 3.
One who profanes or treats with irreverence. 4. A rav-
jsher.
Vl'O-LENCE, n. [L. violentia:.] 1. Physical force ; strength
of action or motion. 2. Moral force ; vehemence. 3.
Outrage ; unjust force ; crimes of all kinds. 4. Eager-
ness ; vehemence. 5. Injury ; infringement. 6. Injury ;
hurt. 7. Ravishment ; rape. — To do violence to, or on, to
attack; to murder. — To do violence to, to outrage; to
force ; to injure.
Vl'0-LENCE, 7;. t. To assault ; to injure ; also, to bring by
violence. [Little used.] B. Jonson.
Vi'0-LENT, a. [Fr. ; L. violentus.] 1. Forcible; moving
or acting with physical strength ; urged or driven with
force. 2. Vehement ; outrageous. 3. Produced or con-
tinued by force ; not spontaneous or natural. 4. Produ-
ced by violence ; not natural. 5. Acting by violence ; as-
sailant ; ^not authorized. 6. Fierce ; vehement. 7. Se-
vere ; extreme. 8. Extorted ; not voluntary. — Violent
presumption, in law, is presumption that arises from cir-
cumstances which necessarily attend such facts.
t VI'O-LENT, n. An assailant.
t Vl'O-LENT, V. t. To urge with violence. Fuller.
Vl'O-LENT-LY, a(f». With force ; forcibly; vehemently.
Vl'O-LET, n. [Fr. violette ; It. violetto ; L. viola.] A plant
and flower of the genus viola, of many species.
VIO-LIN', n. [It. violino ; Fr. violon.] A musical instru-
ment with four strings, played with a bow ; a fiddle ; one
of the most perfect and most powerful instruments that
has been invented.
Vi'O-LIN-IST, n. A person skilled in playing on a vio-
lin.
Vi'O-LIST, n. A player on the viol. Todd.
* Vl-0-LON-CEL'LO, n. [It.] A stringed instrument of
music ; a base viol of four strings, or a little base violin
with long large strings, giving sounds an octave lower
than tjie base violin.
Vr-0-Lo'NO, n. A doubles base, a deep-toned instrument.
Vl'PER, n. [L. vipera ; Fr. vipere.] 1. A serpent, a species
of coluber, whose bite is remarkably venomous. 2. A per-
son or thing mischievous or malignant.
Vl'PER-INE, a. [L. viperinus.] Pertaining to a viper or to
vipers.
Vl'PER-OUS, a. [L. vipereus.] Having the qualities of 8
viper ; malignant ; venomous. Skak.
Vl'PER'S BU'GLOSc?, n. A plant of the genus echium
Vl'PER'S GRASS, 7J. A plant of the genus scorzoTiera.
tVI-RA-GlN'I-AN, a. Of or belonging to an impudent
woman. Milton.
Vi-Ra'GO, 71. [L. from vir.] 1. A woman of extraordina-
ry stature, strength and courage , a female who has the
robust body and masculine mind of a man ; a female v/ar-
rior.— 2. In common language, a bold, impudent, turbulent
woman ; a termagant.
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, C6VE ;— BIILL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH TH as in this, f Obsolete.
VIR
908
VIS
i VliiE tt. [Sp. tira.] An arrow Gower.
ViR'E-LAY, n. [Ft. virelai.] A song or little poem
among the Proven9al poets in France ; a roundelay.
Johnson.
Vl'RENT, a. [L. virens.] Green ; verdant ; fresh.
VtR'GATE, a. [L. virga.] In botany, having the shape of
a rod or wand.
VtR'GATE, n. A yardland. Warton.
ViR6E. SeeVEKGi!.
ViR-6lL'I-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to Virgil, the Roman poet.
2. Resembling the style of Virgil. Young.
ViR'GiN, 71. [It. virgine ; Sp. virgen ; Fr. vierge ,• L. vir-
ga.] 1. A woman who has had no carnal knowledge of
man. 2. A woman not a mother. 3. The sign Virgo ;
see Virgo.
ViR'GiN, a. 1 Pm-e; untouched. 2. Fresh; new; unus-
ed. 3. Becorrjng a virgin ; maidenly ; modest ; indicat-
ing modesty. 4. Pure ; chaste.
ViR'6lN, ?). i. To play the virgin ; a cant word. Shak.
ViR'6lN-AL, a. Pertaining to a virgin ; maidenly. Ham-
mond.
ViR'6lN-AL, n. A keyed instrument of one string, jack
and quill to each note, like a spinet, but in shape resem-
bling the forte-piano ; out of use,
ViR'6lN-AL, V. i. To pai ; to strike as on a virginal. [A
cant word.] Shak.
VIR-6IN'I-T\ , n. [L. virginitas.] Maidenhood ; the state
of having had no carnal knowledge of man.
ViR'GlN'S BOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus clematis.
ViR'GO, n. [L.] A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters
in August ; a constellation. Cyc.
Vl-RID'I-TY, ?i. [L. viriditas.] Greenness ; verdure ; the
color of fresh vegetables. Evelyn.
Vl'RILE, a. [L. virilis.] 1. Pertaining to a man, in the
eminent sense of the word ; belonging to the male sex. 2.
Masculine ; not puerile or feminine.
VI-RIL'I-TY, n. [Ft. virilite ; L. virilitas.] 1. Manhood ;
the state of the male sex, whicli has arrived to the matu-
rity and strength of a man, and to the power of procrea-
tion. 2. The power of procreation. 3. Character of man ;
[unusual.]
VIR-MIL'ION, n. [properly vermilion.] A red color. Ros-
common.
* ViR'TU, n. [It.] A love of the fine arts ; a taste for curios-
ities. Chesterfield.
ViRT'U-AL, a. [Fr. virtuel.] 1. Potential; having the
power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the mate-
rial or sensible part. 2 Being in essence or effect, not in
fact.
VIR-TU-AL'I-TY, n. Efficacy. Brown.
ViRT'U-AL-LY, adv. In efficacy or effect only; by means
of some virtue or influence, or the instrumentality of some-
thing else.
tViRT'U-ATE, tJ. «. To make efficacious. Harvey.
ViRT'UE, ?i. [Yx.vertu; It. virtu; &\^. vertud ; L. virtus.]
1. Strength ; that substance or quality of physical bodies,
by which they act and produce effects on other bodies.
2. Bravery ; valor. This was the predominant significa-
tion oi virtus among the Romans. [JSTearly obs.] 3. Moral
goodness ; the practice of moral duties and the abstaining
from vice, or a conformity of life and conversation to the
moral law. 4. A particular moral exceller'ce. 5. Acting
power ; something efficacious. 6. Secret agency ; effica-
cy without visible or material action. 7. Excellence ; or
that which constitutes value and merit. 8. One of the
orders of the celestiai hierarchy. Milton. 9. Efficacy ;
power. Addison. 10. Legal efficacy or power ; author-
ity. — In virtue, in consequence ; by the efficacy or au-
thority.
ViRT'UE-LESS, tt. 1. Destitute of virtue. 2. Destitute of
efficacy or operating qualities. Fairfax.
VtR-TU-o'SO, V. [It.] A man skilled in the fine arts, par-
ticularly in music ; or a man skilled in antiquities, curios-
ities and the like.
VIRT-U-O'SO-SHIP, n. The pursuits of a virtuoso.
ViRT'U-OUS, a. 1. Morally good ; acting in conformity to
the moral law. 2. Being in conformity to the moral or
divine law. 3. Chaste ; applied to women. 4. Effica-
cious by inherent qualities ; \ohs.] 5. Having great or
powerful properties ; [obs.] 6. Having medicinal quali-
ties ; \_obs ]
ViRT'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a virtuous manner; in conform-
ity with the moral law or with duty. Addison.
ViRT'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being virtuous.
VIRU-LENCE, ) n. 1. That quality of a thing which ren-
VIR'U-LEN-CY, ) ders it extremely active in doing inju-
ry ; acrimony ; malignancy. 2. Acrimony of temper ;
extreme bitterness or malignity.
VIR'U-LENT, a. [L. virulcntus.] 1. Extremely active in
doing injury ; very poisonous or venomous. 2. Very bit-
ter in enmity ; malignant.
VIR'U-LENT-ED, a. Filled with poison. Feltham.
VIR'U-LENT-LY, adv. With malignant activity ; with bit-
ter spite or severity.
Vi'RUS, w. [L.] Fool or contagious matter of an ulcer, pus-
tule, &c.; poison.
VIS'AGE, n. [Fr.; It. visaggio.] The face ; the countenanc*
or look of a person, or of other animals ; chiefly applied tc
human beings.
VIS'A6ED, a. Having a visage or countenance. Milton.
VIS'-A-VlS', (viz'a-ve') n. [Fr. opposite, face to face.] A
carriage m which two persons sit face to face.
VIS'CE-RA, n. [L.] The boweis or intestines ; the coiitents
of the abdomen and thorax.
VIS'CE-RAL, a. [L. Discera.] 1. Pertaining to the viscera
or intestines. 2. Feeling ; having sensibility ; \unusual.]
VIS'CER-ATE, v.t. To exenterate ; to embowel; to de-
prive of the entrails or viscera.
VIS'CID, a. [L. viscidus.] Glutinous ; sticky ; tenacious ,
not readily separating.
VIS-CID'I-TY, n. 1. Glutinousness ; tenacity ; stickiness.
2. Glutinous concretion. Floyer.
VIS-€OST-TY, or V1S'€0US-NESS, n. Glutinousness ; te-
nacity ; viscidity ; that quality of soft substances which
makes them adhere so as not to be easily parted.
VlS'€OUNT, (vi'kount) n. [L. vice-comes; Fr. vicomte.]
1. An officer who formerly supplied the place of the
count or earl ; the sheriff of the county. England. 2. A
degree or title of nobility next in rank to an earl. Eng.
VlS'€OUNT-ESS, (vi'kount-es) n. The lady of a viscount ;
a peeress of the fourth order. Johnson.
VlS'COUNT-SHIP, (vl'kount-ship) ) n. The quality and
ViS'COUNT-Y, (vl'kount-y) \ office of a viscount.
VIS'COUS, a. [Fr. visqueux ; from L. viscus.] Glutinous ;
cianiAi-y ; sticky ; adhesive ; tenacious.
VISE, n.' [Fr. vis.] An engine or instmment for griping and
holding things, closed by a screw.
VISH'NLT, 7i. In the Hindoo mythology, the name of one Oi
the chief deities of the trimurti or triad.
VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. visibilite.] 1. The state or quali-
ty of being perceivable to the eye. 2. The state of being
discoverable or apparent ; conspicuousness.
VIS'I-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. visibilis.] 1. Perceivable by the eye ;
that can be seen. 2. Discovered to the eye. 3. Apparent;
open ; conspicuous.
VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Slate or quality of being visible ; vis-
ibility.
VIS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner perceptible to the eye.
Vl"SION, (vizh'uu) n. [Fr.; L. visio.] 1. The act of seeing
external objects ; actual sight. 2. The faculty of seeing;
sight. 3. Something imagined to be seen, though not real ;
a phantom ; a spectre. — 4. In Scripture, a revelation from
God. 5. Something imaginary ; the production of fancy.
6. Any thing which is the object of sight.
Vi"SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a vision. Waterland.
Vl"SION-A-RY, a. [Yr.visionnaire.] 1. Affected by phan-
toms ; disposed to receive impressions on the imagination.
2. Imaginary ; existing in imagination only ; not real ;
having no solid foundation.
Vl'SION-A-RY, n. 1. One whose imagination is disturb-
ed. 2. One who forms impracticable schemes; one who
is confident of success in a project which others perceive
to be idle and fanciful. — [ Visionist, in a like sense, is not
used.]
VIS'IT, V. t. [L. visito ; Fr. visiter ; It. visitare.] 1. To
go or come to see ; to attend. 2. To go or come to see for
inspection, examination, correction of abuses, &c. 3. To
salute with a present. 4. To go to and to use.
VIS'IT, V. i. To keep up the interchange of civilities and
salutations ; to practice going to see others.
VIS'IT, '11. ]. The act of going to see another, or of calling
at his house ; a waiting on. 2. The act of going to see.
3. A going to see or attending on. 4. The act of going to
view or inspect.
VIS'lT-A-BLE, a. Liable or subject to be visited.
VIS'IT-ANT, n. One that goes or comes to see another ,
one who is a guest in the house of a friend. South.
VIS-IT-A'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. visito.] 1. The act of visit-
ing. 2. Object of visit ; [unusual.] — 3. In Zaw,' the act of
a superior or superintending officer, who visits a corpora-
tion, college, chuicli or other house, to examine into the
manner in which it is conducted. — 4. In Scripture, and in
a religious sense, the sending of afflictions and distresses
on men to punish tliem for their sins, or to prove them.
5. Communication of divine love ; exhibition of divine
goodness and mercy. Hooker.
VIS-I-TA-To'RI- AL. Belonging to a judicial visitor or su-
perintendent. See VisiTOEiAL.
YlS'lT-BI),pp. Waited on ; attended; inspected; subject-
ed to sufferings ; favored with reliefer mercy,
VIS'IT-ING, ppr. Going or coming to see ; attending on, as
a physician ; inspecting officially ; afflicting ; showing
mercy to. 2. a. Authorized to visit and inspect.
VIS'IT-ING, n. The act of going to see or of attending ; vis-
itation.
VIS'IT-OR, n. [Fr. visiteur.] 1. One who comes or goes
to see another, as in civility or friendship. 2. A superioi
or person authorized to visit a corporation or any inst'tu-
' See Synopsis. A, E, I 6, V,V:, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARiNp, BiRD;— ^Obsolete
VIT
909
voc
tion, foT Ae purpose of seeing that the laws and regula-
tions are observed.
VIS-I-T6'RI-AL, a. [from visitor; written, improperly,
visitatorial.] Belonging to a judicial visitor or superin-
tendent.
Vl'SIVE, a. [from L. visus.] Pertaining to the power of
seeing ; formed in the act of seeing. Brown,
VISNE, (veen) n. [Norm.; L. vicinia.] Neighborhood.
t VIS'NO-MY, n. [a barbarous contraction of physiognomy. ]
Face; countenance. Spenser.
VIS'OR, n. [Fr. visiere ; It. visiera ; from L. visus, video ;
written also visard, visar, vizard.] 1. A head-piece or
mask used to disfigure and disguise. 2. A perforated, part
of a helmet.
VIS'ORED, a. Wearing a visor ; masked ; disguised.
V'IS'TA, n. [It., from L. visits.] A view or prospect through
an avenue, as between rows of trees ; hence, the trees or
other things that form the avenue.
VIS'U-AL, (vizh'u-al) a. [Fr. visuel ; It. visuale.] Pertain-
ing to sight ; used in sight ; serving as the instrument of
seeing
VT'TAL, a [L. vitalis.] 1. Pertaining to life, either ani-
mal or vegetable. 2. Contributing to life ; necessary to
life. 3. Containing life. 4. Being the seat of life ; being
that on which life depends. 5. Very necessary ; highly
important; essential. 6. So disposed as to live; [I. u.]
— fltal air, pure air or oxygen gas, which is essential to
animal life.
Vl-TAL'I-TY, n. [from vital.] 1. Power of subsisting in
life ; the principle of animation, or of life. 2. The act
of livir^g ; animation.
Vl'TAL-iZE, V. t. To give life. Trans. Pausanias.
Vl'TAL-LY, adv. 1. In such a manner as to give life. 2.
Essentially.
Vi'Tx^lLS, n. plu. I. Parts of animal bodies essential to life,
such as the viscera. 2. The part essential to life, or to a
sound state.
VIT'EL-LA-RY, 72. [L. vitellus.] The place where the yelk
of an egg swims in the white. [Little used.]
VI"TIATE, V. t. [L. vitio.] 1. To injure the substance or
qualities of a thing, so as to impair or spoil its use and
value. 2. To render defective ; to destroy, as the validi-
ty or binding force of an instrument or transaction.
Vl"TIA-TED, pp. Depraved ; rendered impure ; rendered
defective and void.
Vl"TIA-TING, ^^?-. Depraving; rendering of no validity.
VI-TI-a'TION, 71. 1. The act of vitiating ; depravation ; cor-
ruption. 2. A rendering invalid.
t VIT-I-LIT'I-GATE, v. i. [L. vitiosus and litigo.] To con-
tend in law litigiously or cavilously.
t VIT-I-LIT-I-Ga'TION, n. Cavilous litigation. Hudihras.
Vl"TIOUS, Vl"TIOUS-LY, VI"TIOUS-NESS. See Vi-
cious and its derivatives.
VIT'RE-0-E-LE€'TRI€, a. Containing or exhibiting pos-
itive electricity, or that which is excited by rubbing
glass.
VIT'RE-OUS, a. [L. vitreus.] I. Pertaining to glass. 2.
Consisting of glass. 3. Resembling glass.
VIT'RE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being vitre-
ous ; resemblance of glass.
VI-TRES'CENCE, n. [L. vitrum.] Classiness ; or the qual-
ity of being capable of conversion into glass ; susceptibili-
ty of being formed into glass.
VI-TRES'CENT, a. Capable of being formed into glass ;
tending to become glass.
VI-TRES'CI-BLE, a. That can be vitrified. Encijc.
VIT-RI-F ACTION, n. The act, process or operation of
converting into glass by heat.
VIT'RI-Fl-A-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into
glass by heat and fusion.
t VIT'RI-FI-CA-BLE, for vitrifiame.
t VIT'RI-FI-€ATE, for vitrify. Bacon.
VIT-RI-FI-€a'TION, n. Vitrifaction.
VIT'RI-FTED, pp. Converted into glass.
VIT'RI-FORM, a. [L. vitrum, uniform.] Having the form
or resemblance of glass. Fourcroy.
VIT'RI-F^'^, V. t. [L. vitrum and fado.] To convert into
glass by fusion or the action of heat.
VIT'RI-Fy, v. i. To become glass ; to be converted into
glass. Arhuthnot.
VIT'RI-OL, n. [Fr. vitriol ; It. vitriuolo ; Sp. vitriolo.] 1.
In mineralogy, native vitriol is a substance of a grayish or
yellowish-white cclor,apple-green, or sky-blue, and,when
decomposed, covered with an ochrey crust. — ^2. In chem-
istry, a combination of the acid of sulphur with any me-
tallic substance.
VIT'RI-0-LATE, v. t. To convert, as sulphur in any com-
pound, into sulphuric acid, formerly called vitriolic acid.
VIT'RI-0-LA-TED,pj?. Converted into sulphuric acid or
vitriol.
VIT'RI-0-LA-TING,2?jpr. Turning into sulphuric acid or
vitriol.
VIT-RI-O-La'TION, 71. The act or process of converting
into sulphuric acid or vitriol.
VIT-RI-OL'I€, a. Pertaining to vitriol ; having th& quali-
ties of vitriol, or obtained from vitriol.
VIT'RI-OL-iZ-A-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into
sulphuric acid.
VIT-R1-OL-I-Za'TION. See Vitrigi.ation.
VIT'RI-OL-lZE. See ViTEioLATB.
VIT'RI-OjU-IZED. See Vitriolated.
VIT'RI-OL-IZ-ING. See ViTRioLATiNG.
VIT'U-LINE, a. [L. vitulinus.] Belonging to a calf or to
veal.-
fVl-Tu'PER-A-BLE, a. Blameworthy; censurable.
VlTtJ'PER-ATE, «. t. [L. vitupero.] To blame; to cen-
sure. [Little used.]
Vl-TU-PER-A'TION, n. [L. vituperatio.] Blame ; censure
^Little used.]
Vi-Tu'PER-A-TiVE, a. Uttering or writing censure ; con
taimng censure. Pope.
VI-Va'CIO(JS, a. [L. vivax.] 1. Lively ; active ; sprightly
in temper or conduct. 2. Long-lived ; [obs.] 3. Having
vigorous powers of life.
Vi-Va'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Activity ; liveliness ; sprightli-
ness of temper or behavior ; vivacity. 2. Power of liv-
ing ; also, long life ; [obs.]
\l-VAC'I-TY, 71. [Fr. vivacite; L. vivacitas.] 1. Liveli-
ness ; sprightliness of temper or behavior. 2. Air of life
and activity. 3. Life ; animation ; spirits. 4. Power of
Uving ; [obs.] 5. Longevity ; [obs.]
Vi'VA-RY, 71. [Ij. vivarium.] A warren ; a place for keep-
ing living animals, as a pond, a park, &c.
Vi'VA Vo'CE, [L.] By word of mouth ; as, to vote viva
voce.
t VIVE, a. [Fr. vif; L. vivu-".] Lively ; forcible. Bacon
I ViVE'LY, adv. In a lively manner.
f Vi'VEN-CY, 71. [L. vivens, from vivo.] Manner of sup-
porting life or vegetation. Brown.
ViVES, n. A disease of animals, particularly of horses,
seated in the glands under the ear. Cyc.
VIV'I-AN-ITE. n. A phosphate of iron, of various shades
of blue and green. Phillips,
VIVID, a. [L. vividus.] 1. Lively ; sprightly ; active. 2.
Lively ; sprighi.iy ; form.ing brilliant images, or painting
in lively colors. 3. Bright; strong; exhibitmg the ap-
pearance of life or freshness.
VIV'ID-LY, adv. 1. With life ; with strength. 2. With
brightness ; in bright colors. 3. In glowing colors ; with
animated exhibition to the mind.
VIV'ID-NESS, 71. 1. Life ; strength ; sprightliness. 2.
Strength of coloring ; brightness.
VT-VIF'It:;, I a. [L. vivificus.] Giving life ; reviving ;
Vl-VIF'I-€AL, \ enlivening. Bailey.
VIVT-FI-CATE, V. t. [L. vivifico.] 1. To give life to ; to
animate. More. — 2. In chemistry, to recover from such a
change of form as seems to destroy the essential quali-
ties ; or to give to natural bodies new lustre, force and
vigor.
VIV-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of giving life ; revival.
— 2. Among chemists, the act of giving nevv lustre, force
and vigor. Cyc.
VIV'I-FI-Ca-TiVE, a. Able to animate or give life.
VIV'I-FIED, pp. Revived ; endued with life.
VIV'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. vivijier ; L. vivif.co.] To endue with
life ; to animate ; to make to be living.
VIV'I-FY-INGj ppr. Enduing with life ; communicating
life to.
Vi-VIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. vivus and pario.] 1. Producing
young in a living state, as all mammifers. — 2. In botany,
producing its offspring alive, either by bulbs instead of
seeds, or by the seeds themselves germinating on the
p'ant, instead of falling.
VIX'EN, n. [vixen is a she fox, or a fox's cub.] A fioward,
turbulent, quarrelsome woman. Shak.
VIX'EN-LY, a. Having the qualities of a vixen. Barrow.
VIZ. A contraction of videlicet ; to wit, that is, namely.
VIZ'ARD, 71. A mask. See Visor.
VIZ'ARD, V. t. To mask.
*VIZ'IER, or Vl'ZER, n. [Ar.] The chief minister of the
Turkish empire.
Vo'€A-BLE, 71. [L. vocabulum ; It. vocabolo.] A word ; a
term ; a name. Asiat. Res.
VO-€AB'U-LA-RY, n. [Fr. vocabulaire, from L. vocabu-
lum.] A list or collection of the words of a language, ar-
ranged in alphabetical order and explained ; a dictionary
or lexicon. We often use vocabulary in a sense somewhat
different from that of dictionary, restricting the significa-
tion to the list of words ; as when we say, the vocabula-
ry of Johnson is more full or extensive than that of En-
tick. We rarely use the word as synonymous with
dictionary ; but in the other countries the corresponding
word is so used, and this may be so used in English.
Vo'CAL, a. [Fr.; L. vocalis.] 1. Having a voice. 2. Ut-
tered or modulated by the voice.— f^ocal music, music
made by the voice, in distinction from instrumental
• SeeSynopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVEj—BJJLL, UNITE.— CasK; 6asJ; SasZ; CHasSHjTH as in CAis. 1; Obsolete
VOL
910
VOL
VCC.AXi, n. Among the Romanists, a man who has a right
to vote in certain elections. Cyc.
VO-€AL'I-TY, n. \h. vocalitas.] auality of beinff uttera-
ble by the voice, ifolder.
Vo'€AL-lZE, V. t. To form into voice ; to make vocal.
VcyCAL-lZED, pp. Made vocal ; formed into voice.
V eAL-IZ-lNG, pp'T. Forming into voice or sound.
■Vo'€AL.-LY, adv. 1. With voice ; with an audible sound.
2 In Wf.rds ; as, to express desires vocally. Hale.
VO-tJA'TIOIN, n. [Fi.; L. vocatio.] 1. Among divines, a
calling by the will of God ; or tiie bestowment of God's
distinguishmg grace upon a person or nation, by which
chat person or nation is put in the way of salvation. 2.
Summon?. ; call ; inducement. 3. Designation or desti-
nation to a particular state or profession. 4. Employ-
ment ; calling ; occupation ; trade ; a word that includes
professions as well as mechanical occupations.
VOC'A-TlVE, a. [Fi. vocatif; I^.vocativus.] Relating to
calling.
VOC'A-TiVE, 71. In grammar, the fifth case or state of
nouns in the Latin language; or the casein any language,
m which a word is placed when the person is addressed.
VO-CIF'ER-ATE, v. i. [L. vocifero.] To cry out with ve-
hemence ; to exclaim.
VO-CIF'ER-ATE, v. t. To utter with a loud voice.
VO-CIF'ER-A-TING, ppr. Crytag out with vehemence ;
uttering with a loud voice.
VO-CIF-ER-A'TION, n. A violent outcry ; vehement ut-
terance of the voice. Arbuthnot.
VO-CIF'ER-OUS, a. Making a loud outcry; clamorous;
noisy.
VoGUE, (vog) n. [Yr. vogue ; I.t. voga ; Sp. voga.] The
way or fashion of people at any particular time ; tempo-
rary mode, custom or practice ; popular reception for the
time.
VOICE, n. [Ft. voix ; L. vox ; It. voce; Sp. voz.] 1. Sound
or audible noise uttered by the mouth. 2. Any sound
made by the breath. 3. A vote; sufij-age; opinion or
choice expressed. 4. Language : words ; expression. — 5.
In Scripture, command; precept. 6. Sound. 7. Lan-
guage; tone; mode of expression. — 8. In grammar, a
particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs.
VOICE, V. t. 1. To rumor; to report; [little jLsed.] 2. To
fit for producing the proper sounds • to regulate the tone
of. 3. To vote.
t VOICE, V. i. To clamor ; to exclaim. Bacon.
VOICED, pp. 1. Fitted to produce the proper tones. 2. a.
Furnished with a voice. Denhani.
VOICE'LESS, (vois'les) a. Having no voice or vote. Coke.
VOID, a. [Fr. vuide ; It. voto ; L. viduus.] 1. Empty ; va-
cant ; not occupied with any visible matter. 2. Empty ;
without inhabitants or furniture. Gen. i. 3. Having no
legal or binding force : null ; not effectual to bind parties,
or to convey or support a right ; not sufficient to produce
its effect. 4. Free ; clear. 5. Destitute. 6. Unsupplied ;
vacant ; unoccupied ; having no incumbent. 7. Unsub-
stantial; vain. — Void space, in physics, a vacuum. — 1. To
make void, to violate ; to transgress. Ps. cxix. 2. To ren-
der useless or of no effect. Rom. iv.
VOID, n. An empty space ; a vacuum. Pope.
VOID, v. t. 1. To quit ; to leave. 2. To emit ; to send out ;
to evacuate. 3. To vacate ; to annul ; to nullify ; to ren-
der of no validity or effect. 4. To make or leave vacant.
VOID, V. i. To be emitted or evacuated. Wiseiaan.
VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be annulled or made void,
or that may be adjudged void, invalid or of no force. 2.
That may be evacuated.
VOID'ANCE, 71. 1. The act of emptying. 2 The act of
ejecting from a benefice ; ejection. 3. Vacancy ; want
of an incumbent. 4. Evasion ; subterfuge.
VOID'ED, pp. ]. Thrust out ; evacuated.— 2. a. In herald-
ry, having the iniier or middle part cut out, as an ordina-
ry. Cyc.
VOID'ER, n. LA basket in which broken meat is carried
from the table. 2. One who evacuates. 3. One who
nullifies. — 4. In heraldry, one of the ordinaries, whose
figure is much like that of the flanch or flasque. — 5. In
agriculture, a provincial name of a kind of shallow bas-
ket of open work. England.
VOIDING, ppr. 1. Ejecting; evacuating. 2. Making or
declaring void, or of no force. 3. Quitting; leaving.
4 a. Receiving what is ejected.
VOID'NESS, n. 1. Emptiness ; vacuity ; destitution. 2.
Nullity ; inefficacy; want of binding force. 3. Want of
substantiality.
VOIT'URE, 7t. [Fv.;lt. vettura.'] Carriage.
VOL-AL'KA-LI; n. Volatile alkali ; by contraction. Geol.
Vo'LANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Flying ; passing through the air.
2. Nimble ; active. — 3. In heraldry, represented as flying
or having the wings spread.
VOLiA-TlLE, a. [Fr. ; L. volatilis.] 1. Flying ; passing
through the air on wings, or by the buoyant force of the
atmosphere. 2. Having the. power to fly. 3. Capable of
wasting away, or of easily passing into the aeriform state.
4. Lively ; gay ; full of spirit ; airy ; hence, fickle ; apt
to change.
VOIi'A-TiLE, n. A Vt'inged animal. [Little iised.] Brown
VOL'A-TlLE-NESS, ) n [Fr. volatilite.] 1. Disposition to
VO/Iu-A-TIL'l-TV, \ exhale or evaporate ; the quality
of being capable of evaporation. 2. Great sprightliness ;
levity ; liveliness ; whence, mutability of mind ; fickle-
ness.
VOL-A-TIL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act or process of render-
ing volatile, or rather of causing to rise and float in the
air.
VOL'A-TIL-iZE, V. t. [Fr. volatiliser.] To render vola-
tile ; to cause to exhale or evaporate ; to cause to pass off
in vapor or invisible effluvia, and to i-se and float in the
air.
VOL'A-TIL-iZED, pp. Rendered volatile ; caused to rise
and float in air.
VOL'A-TIL-IZ-ING, ppr. Rendering volatile; causing to
rise and float in air.
VOL-€AN'ie, a. 1. Pertaining to volcanoes. 2. Produced
by a volcano. 3. Changed or aftected by the heat of a
volcano.
VOL'CA-NIST, 71. 1. One versed in the history and phe-
nomena of volcanoes. 2. One who believes in the ef-
fects of eruptions of fire in the formation of mountains.
VOL'€AN-ITE, n. A mineral, otherwise called aurite.
VOL-€AN'I-TY, n. The state of being volcanic or" of vol-
canic origin.
VOL-CAN-I-Za'TION, n. The process of undergoing vol-
canic heat and being affected by it.
VOL'CAN-TZE, v. t. To subject to or cause to undergo
volcanic heat and to be affected by its action.
VOL'CAN-iZED, pp. Affected by volcanic heat.
VOL-€a'NO, n. [It. from Vulcan.] 1. In geology, an
opening in the surface of the earth or in a mountain, froir
which smoke, flames, stones, lava or other substances are
ejected. It is vulgarly called a burning mountain. 2
The mountain that ejects fire, smoke, &c.
VOLE, n. [Fr.] A deal at cards that draws all the tricks.
Vo'LER-Y; n. [Fr. volerie.] 1. A flight of birds. 2. A.
large bird-cage, in which the birds have room to flv. Cyc
VOL-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. volito.] The act of flying • flight
VO-Li"TK)N, 71. [I., volitio.] 1. The act of willing; the
act of determining choice, or forming a purpose. 2. The
power of willing or determining.
VOL'I-TlVE, a. Having the power to will. Hale.
VOL'LEY, n. ; plu. Volleys. [Fr. volee.] 1. A flight of
shot ; the discharge of many small arms at once. 2 A
burst or emission of many things at once.
VOL'LEY, V. t. To discharge with a volley.
VOL'LEY, V. i. To throw out or discharge at once Shak.
VOL'LEYED, a. [from volley.] Disploded; discharged
with a sudden burst. JlfJZtoTi.
VoLT, n. [Fr. volte ; It. volta ; L. volutus.] 1. A round
or circular tread ; a gait of two treads, made by a horse
going sideways round a centre. — 2. In fencing, a sudden
movement or leap to avoid a thrust. — Volta, in Italian
miisic, signifies that the part is to be repeated one, two
or more times.
VOL-Ta'IC, a. Pertaining to Volta, the discoverer of vol-
taism ; as, the voltaic pile.
VOL'TA-ISM, 7i. [from Volta, an Italian.] That branch of
electrical science, which has its source in the chemical ac-
tion between metals and different liquids. It is more
properly called galvanism, from Galvani, who first prov-
ed or brought into notice its remarkable influence on an-
imals.
VO-LU'BTL-ATE, } a. In gardening, a volubilate stem is
VOL'U-BILE, \ one that climhs by winding or twin-
ing round another body.
VOL-U-BIL'I TY, 71. [Fr. volubilite ; L. volubilitas.] I
The capacity of being rolled ; aptness to roll. 2. The act
of rolling. 3. Ready motion of the tongue in speaking ,
fluency of speech. 4. Mutability; liableness to revolu-
tion.
VOL'U-BLE, a. [L. volubilis.] 1. Formed so as to roll with
ease, or to be easily set in motion ; apt to roll. 2. Roll-
ing ; having quick motion. 3. Nimble; act've; moving
with ease and smoothness in uttering words. 4. Fluent
flowing with ease and smoothness. 5. Having fluency
of speech.
VOL'U-BLY, adv. In a rolling or fluent manner. Hubibras
*VOL'UME, 71. [Fr.; lA.volumcn.] 1. Primarily, a. Yo\\,vts
the ancients wrote on long strips of bark, parchment or
other material, which they formed into rolls or folds. 2
A roll or turn ; as much as is included in a roll or coil.
3. Dimensions ; compass ; space occupied. 4. A swelling
or spherical body. 5. A book ; a collectirn of sheets of
paper, usually printed or written paper, folded and bound,
or covered. — 6. In music, the compass of a voice from
grave to acute ; the tone or power of voice.
VOL'UMED, a. Having the form of a volume or roll.
VO-Lu'MIN-OUS, a. 1. Consisting of many coils or com
plications. 2. Consisting of many volumes or books. 3
See Synopsis. 1 K, T, O, U, Y, Zore^.— FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BtRD ,— f Obsolete.
VOR
911
ATUL
Having written much, or made many volumes. 4. Copi-
ous j_ diffusive ; [obs.]
VO-Lu'MIN-OUS-LY, adv. In many volumes ; very copi-
ously.
VO-Lu'MIN-OUS-NESS, n. State of being bulky or in
many volumes.
t VOL'U-MIST, n. One w^ho writes a volume ; an author.
Milton.
VOL'UN-TA-RI-LY, adv. Spontaneously; of one's own
will ; without being influenced or impelled by others.
VOL'UN-TA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being voluntary
or optional.
VOL'UN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. volontaire ; L. voluntarius.] 1.
Acting by choice or spontaneously ; acting without being
influenced or impelled by another. 2. Free, or having
power to act by choice ; not being under restraint. 3.
Proceeding from choice or free will. 4. Willing ; acting
with willingness. 5. Done by design ; purposed ; in-
tended. 6. Done freely, or of choice ; proceeding from
free will. 7. Acting of his own accord; spontaneous.
8. Subject to the will.
VOL'UN-TA-RY, n. 1 One who engages in any affair of
his own free will ; a volunteer. — 2. In music, a piece
played by a musician extemporarily, according to his
fancy. 3. A composition for the organ.
VOL-UN-TEER', n. [Fr. volontaire.] A person who enters
into military or other service of his own free will.
VOL-UN-TEER', a. Entering into service of free will.
VOL-UN-TEER', v. t. To offer or bestow voluntarily, or
without solicitation or compulsion.
VOL-UN-TEER', v. i. To enter into any service of one's
free will, without solicitation or compulsion.
VO-LUPT'U-A-RY, n. [L. voluptuarius ] A man addicted
to luxury or the gratification of the appetit3, and to other
sensual pleasures.
VO-LUPT'U-OUS, a. [Fr. voluptueux ; L. vohiptuosus.]
Given to the enjoyments of luxury and pleasure ; in-
dulging to excess in sensual gratifications.
VO-LUPT'U-OUS-LY, adv. Luxuriously ; with free indul-
gence of sensual pleasures.
VO-LUPT'U-OUS-NESS, n. Luxuriousness ; aduictedness
to pleasure or sensual gratification. Donne.
VOL-U-Ta'TION, ?i. I'L.volutatio.] A wallowing; a roll-
ing of the body on the earth. See Wallow.
VO-LuTE', n. [Fr. volute ; It. valuta ; L. volutus.] 1. In
architecture, a kind of spiral scroll, used in the Ionic and
Composite capitals, of which it is a principal ornament.
— 2. In natural history, a genus of shells. Say.
VO-Lu'TJON, n. A spiral turn.
VOL'U-TITE, n. A petrified shell of the genus valuta.
VOL'VtC, a. Denoting a species of stone or lava.
VOM'ie, a. The vomic nut, nux vomica, is the seed of the
strychnos nux vomica. Cyc.
VOM'I-€A, n. [L.] An encysted tumor on the lungs.
VOM'IT, V. i. [L. vomo ; Fr. vomir ; It. vomire.] To eject
the contents of the stomach by the mouth.
VOM'IT, V. t. 1. To throw up or eject from the stomach ;
to discharge from the stomach through the mouth. 2. To
eject with violence from any hollow place.
VOM'IT, v. 1. The matter ejected from the stomach. 9.
That which excites the stomach to discharge its con-
tents ; an emetic.
VOM'IT-ED, pp. Ejected from the stomach through the
mouth, or from any deep place through an opening.
VOM'IT-ING, ppr. Discharging from the stomach through
the mouth, or ejecting from any deep place.
VOM'IT-ING, n. 1. The act of ejectmg the contents of the
stomach through the mouth. 2. The act of throwing out
substances with violence from a deep hollow, as a vol-
cano, &c.
VO-Mi"TION, n. The act or power of vomiting. Grew.
VOM'I-TiVE, a. [Fr. vomitif.] Causing the ejection of
matter from the stomach ; emetic. Brown.
VOM'I-TO-RY, a. [L. vomitorius.] Procuring vomits ;
causing to eject from the stomach ; emetic.
VOJM'I-TO-RY, n. 1. An emetic. Harvey. 2. A door.
Gibbon.
VO-Ra'CIOUS, a. [Fr., It. vorace ; L. vorax.] 1. Greedy
for eating ; ravenous ; very hungry. 2. Rapacious ; eager
to devour. 3. Ready to swallow up.
VO-Ra'CIOUS-LY, adv. With greedy appetite ; raven-
ously.
VO-Ra'CIOUS-NESS, n. Greediness of appetite ; raven-
ousness ; eagerness to devour ; rapaciousness.
VO-RAC'I-TY, ?. . Greediness of appetite ; voraciousness.
V0-RA6'IN-OUS, a. [L. voraginosus.] Full of gulfs.
Scott.
VOR'TEX,7i.:plu. Vortices or Vortexes. [L.] 1. A whirl-
pool ; a whirling or circular motion of water, forming a
kind of cavity in the centre of the circle. 2. A whirling
of the air ; a whirlwind. Ct/c. — 3. In the Cartesian sys-
tem., the circular motion originally impressed on the par-
ticles of matter, carrying them around their own axes,
and around a common centre.
VOR'TI-€AL, a. Whirling ; turning. Mewton.
Vo'TA-RESS, n. A female devoted to any service, woishlp
or state of life. Clenveland.
Vo'TA-RIST, n. One devoted or given up to any person or
thing, lo any service, worship or pursuit.
Vo'TA-RY, a. [from L. votus.} Devoted : promised ; con
secrated by a vow or promise ; consequewt on a vow.
Vo'TA-RY, 71. One devoted, consecrated or engaged by a
vow or promise ; hence, more generally, one de /oted,
given or addicted to some particular service, worship,
study or state of life.
VOTE, 71. [It., Sp. voto; L. votum.] 1. Suffrage; the ex-
pression of a wish, desire, will, preference or choice, in
regard to any measure proposed, in which the person
voting has an interest in common with others. 2. That
by which will or preference is expressed in elections, or
in deciding propositions ; a ballot ; a ticket, <fcc.; as, a
written vote. 3. Expression of will by a majority ; legal
decision by some expression of the minds of a number
4. United voice in public prayer.
VOTE, V. i. To express or signify the mind, will or prefer-
ence, in electing men to office, or in passing laws, regu-
lations and the like, or in deciding on any proposition in
which one has an interest with others.
VOTE, V. t. 1. To choose by suffrage ; to elect by some
expression of will. 2. To enact or establish by vote or
some expression of will. 3. To grant by vote or expres-
sion of will.
VoT'ED, pp. Expressed by vote or suffrage.
VoT'ER, n. One who has a legal right to vote or give his
suffrage.
VoT'ING, ppr. Expressing the mind, will or preference in
election, or in determining questions proposed.
Vo'TIVE, a. [Fr. votif ; L. votivus.'] Given by vow ; de-
voted.
VOUCH, V. t. [Norm, voucher ; L. voco.] 1. To call to
witness ; to obtest. 2. To declare ; to affirm ; to attest ;
to warrant ; to maintain by affirmations. 3. To warrant ;
to confirm; to establish proof. — 4. In law, to call into
court to warrant and defend, or to make good a warranty
of title.
VOUCH, V. i. To bear witness ; to give testimony or full
attestation.
VOUCH, n. Warrant; attestation. Shak.
VOUCHED, pp. Called to witness ; affirmed or fully attest
ed ; called into court to make good a warranty.
VOUCH-EE', 71. In Zaw, the person who is vouched or call-
ed into court to support or make good his warranty of ti
tie in the process of common recovery.
VOUCH'ER, n. 1. One who gives witness or full attesta-
tion to any thing. — 2. In law, the act of calling in a per-
son to make good his warranty of title. 3. A book, paper
or document which serves to vouch the truth of accounts,
or to confirm and establisli facts of any kind.
VOUCH'ER, or VOUCH'OR, n. In law, the tenant in a
writ of rigiit; one who calls in another to establish his
warranty of title.
VOUCH'ING, ppr. Calling to witness ; attesting by affirm
ation ; calling in to maintain warranty of title.
VOUCH-SaFE', v. t. [vouch and safe.] 1. To permit to
be done without danger. 2. To condescend to grant.
VOUCH-SaFE', v. i. To condescend ; to deign ; to yield
VOUCH-SaF'ED, (vouch-saff) pp. Granted in condescen-
sion.
VOUCH-SaFE'MENT, 71. Grant in condescension.
VOUCH-SaF'ING, ppr. Condescending to grant; deign-
ing.
VOW, n. [Fr. vaeu ; It. voto ; L. votum.] 1. A solemn
promise made to God, or by a pagan to his deity. 2. A
solemn promise.
VOW, 1'. t. [Fr. voiLcr ; L. voveo.] 1. To give, consecrate
or dedicate to God by a solemn promise. 2. To devote.
VOW, V. i. To make vows or solemn promises.
VOWED, pp. Solemnly promised to God ; given or conse-
crated by solemn promise.
VOWEL, n. [L. vocalis ; Fr. voyelle ; It. vocale.] 1. In
grammar, a simple sound ; a sound uttered by simply
opening the mouth or organs ; as the sound of a, e, o. 2
The letter or character which represents a simple sound
VOWEL, a. Pertaining to a vowel ; vocal.
VOW'ELED, a. Furnished with vowels.
VOW'ER, 71. One who makes a vow.
VOW'-FEL-LoW, 71. One bound by the same vow. [Little
used.]
VOWING, ppr. Making a vow.
VOY'AGE, 71. [Fr., from voie ; Eng. icay ; Sax. W(eg, loeg.]
1. A passing by sea or water from on-^ place, port or coun
try to another, espacially a passing or journey by water to
a distant place or country. 2. The practice of traveling
[obs.] Bacon.
VOY'ACJE, v. i. To sail or pass by water. Pope.
VOY'AOE, V. t. To travel ; to pass over. Milton.
V0Y'A-6ER, 71. One who sails or passes by sea or water.
VUL'€AN-IST. See Volcanist.
See Synopsis. M<3VE, ROOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K
; r' ! I n s S H ; T H 3 :=! i n <■./«>. f Obsolete
WAF
9^12
WAG
VUL-6ANO. See Volcano.
V'UL'G AR, a. [Ft. vulgaire ; It. vulffare ; L. vulgaris.]
1. Pertaining to the common, unlettered people. 2. Used
or practiced by common people. 3. Vernacular ; nation-
al. 4. Common ; used by all classes of people. 5. Pub-
lic. 6. Mean * rustic ; rude ; low ; unrefined. 7. Con-
sisting of common persons.
VUL'GAR, n. The common people.
V(JL'GAR-1SM, K. 1. Crossness of manners; vulgarity;
J I. M.] 2. A vulgar phrase or expression.
VlfL-GAR'J-TY, 71. 1. Mean condition in life; the state
of the lower classes of society. 2. Crossness or clownish-
ness cf manners or language.
VUL'GAR-iZE, V. t. To make vulgar. Foster.
VUL'GAR-LY, adv. 1. Commonly ; in the ordinary man-
ner among the common people. 2. Meanly ; rudely ;
clown ishly.
VUL'GATE, n. A very ancient Latin version of the Scrip-
tures, and the only one which the Romish church admits
to be authentic.
VUL'GATE, a. Pertaining to the old Latin version of Ihfl
Scriptures.
VU'L'NER-A-BLE, a. [Ft, ; L, vulnero.] 1. That may be
wo'.mded ; susceptible of wounds or external injuries, 2.
Liable to injury ; subject to be affected injuriously.
VUL'NER-A-RY, a. [Fr. vulneraire ; L. vulnerarius.''
Useful in healing wounds ; adapted to the cure of exter-
nal injuries.
VUL'NER-A-RY, n. Any plant, drug or composition, use-
ful in the cure of wounds.
t VUL'NER-ATE, v. t. [L. vulnero.] To wound : to hurt.
t VUL-NER-A'TION, n. The act of wounding. Pearson.
VUL'PINE, a. [L. vuljnnus.] Pertaining to the fox ; cun-
ning ; crafty ; artful.
VUL'PIN-ITE, n. [from Vuljtino.] A mineral.
VULT'URE, ) n. [L. vultur.] A genus of fowls, belondng
VULT'UR, i to the order of accipiters.
VULT'UR-INE, a. [L, vulturinus.] Belonging to the vult-
ure ; having the qualities of the vulture ; resembling the
vulture ; rapacious.
W.
Wis the twenty-third letter of the English Alphabet. It
takes its written form and its name from the union
of two V's, this being the form of the Roman capital let-
ter which we call U. W is. properly, a vowel, a simple
sound, formed by opening tne mouth with a close, circu-
lar configuration of the lips. It is precisely the ou of the
French, and the u of the Spaniards, Italians and Germans.
With the other vowels it forms diphthongs, which are of
easy pronunciation ; as in toell, want, will, dicell, pro-
nounced ooell, onant, ooill, dooell. In English, it is al-
ways followed by another vowel, except when followed
by li, as in when. — W, at the end of words, is often silent
after a and o, as in late, saw, low, soic. In many words
of this kind, w represents The Saxon g ; in other cases, it
helps to form a diphthong, as in now, voip, new, strew.
WAB'BLE, V. i. [W, gwibiaw.] To move from one side to
the other ; to vacillate, as a turning or whirling body.
WACK'E, j n. A rock nearly allied to basalt, of which it
WACK'Y, ) may be regarded as a variety.
WAD, n. [G. watte ; Dan. vat.] ]. A httle mass of some
soft or flexible material, used for stopping the charge of
powder in a gun. 2. A little mass, tuft or bundle, as of
hay or peas.
WAD, J n. In mineralogy, black wadd is a species of the
WADD, \ oreof manganese, ofwhich there are four kinds.
W AD'DED, a. Formed into a wad or mass.
WAD'OING, n. [G. watte.] I. A wad, or the materials
for wads. 2. A kind of soft stuff of loose texture, used
for stuffing garments.
WAD'DLE,«. i. [1j. vado ;G.waten.] 1. To move one way
and the other in walking ; to deviate to one side and the
other ; to vacillate. 2. To walK with a waddling motion.
WAD'DLING, -ppr. Moving from side to side in walking.
WAD'DLING-LY, adv. With a vacillating gait.
WADE, V. i. [Sw. vada ; D. waaden ; G. icaten ; Dan. va-
der.] 1. To walk through any substance that yields to
the feet. 2. To move or pass with difficulty or labor.
WADE, V. t. To pass by walking on the bottom.
WaD'ING, fpr. Walking through a substance that yields
to the feet, as through water or sand.
WAD'SETT, n. Aa ancient tenure or lease of land in the
Highlands of Scotland. Cyc.
WAD'SETT-ER, n. One who holds by wadsett.
WA'FER, n. [D. wafel ; G. waffel ; Dan. vaffel ; Fr. gavf-
fre.] 1. A thin cake or leaf. 2. A thin leaf of paste,
used in sealing letters.
Wa'FER, v. t. To seal or close with a wafer.
WAF'FLE, n. [G. vaffed.] A thin cake baked on coals, in
an iron instrument.
WAF'FLE-IR-ON, n. A utensil for making waffles.
WAFT, V. t. 1. To bear through a fluid or buoyant medi-
um ; to convey through water or air. 2. To convey, as
ships. 3. To buoy ; to cause to float ; to keep from sink-
ing. 4. To beckon ; to give notice by pomething in mo-
tion ; \ol)S.]
WAFT, v.i. To float ; to be moved or to pass in a buoyant
medium. Dryden.
»VAFT, n. A floating body ; also, a signal displayed from a
ship's stern, by hoisting an ensign furled in a roll, to the
head of the staff.
•f WAFT'AGE, n. Conveyance or transportation through a
buoyant medium, as 'air or water. Shak.
"WAFT'ED, pp. Borne or conveyed through air or water.
WAFT'ER, n. 1. He or that which wafts ; a passage-boat.
2. The conductor of vessels at sea ; -m old word.
WAFT'ING, ppr. Carrying through a buoyant medium.
t WAFT'URE, 71. The act of waving. Shaic.
WAG, V. t. [Sax. wagian and tcecgan ; G. bewecren ; D
beweegen ; G.w'dgen ; Sw, vaga ; Dan. vajer.] I'o move
one way and the other with quick turns ; to move a little
way, and then turn the other way.
WAG, V. i. I. To he quick in ludicrous motion ; to stir.
2. To go ; to depart ; to pack off. 3. To be moved one
way and the other.
WAG, 71. [from the verb.] A droll ; a man full of low' sport
and humor ; a ludicrous fellow. Dryden.
WAGE, V. t. [G. wagen ; D. icaagen ; Sw. vaga ; Fr. ga~
ger, for guager.] 1. To lay ; to bet ; to throw down, as
a pledge ; to stake ; to put at hazard on the event of a
contest. 2. To venture ; to hazard. 3. To make ; to be-
gin ; to carry on ; that is, to go forward or advance to at-
tack, as in invasion or aggression ; used in the phrase, to
7oage war. 4. To set to hue ; \_obs.] 5. To take to hire :
to hire for pay; to employ for wages; [obs.] — To xoag'e
one^s law, to give security to make one's law.
WaGED, ^;>. Laid; deposited, as a pledge; made or be-
gun, as war.
Wa'GER, n. 1. Something deposited, laid or hazarded on
the event of a contest or some unsettled question ; a bet.
2. Subject on v/hich bets are laid. — 3. In law, an offer to
make oath of innocence or non-indebtedness ; or the act
of making oath, together with the oaths of eleven com-
purgators, to fortify the defendant's oath. — Wager of bat-
tle is when the tenant in a writ of right offers tc» prove
his right by the body of his champion, and, throwing
down his glove as a gage or pledge, thus wages or stipu-
lates battle with the champion of the demandant, who,
by taking up the glove, accepts the challenge.
Wa'GER, v. t. To lay ; to bet ; to hazard on the issue of a
contest, or on some question that is to be decided, or on
some casualty.
Wa'GER, v. i. To offer a wager. Shak.
Wa'GERED, pp. Laid ; pledged, as a bet.
Wa'GER-ER, 71. One who wagers or lays a bet.
Wa'GER-ING, ppr. Laying; betting.
Wa'GES, n. [Fr. gage, gages.] 1. Hire; reward; that
which is paid or stipulated for services, but chiefly for
services by manual labor, or for military and naval ser-
vices. We speak of servants' wages, a laborer's wages,
or soldiers' wages ,• but we never apply the word to the
rewards given to men in office, which are called fees or
salary. 2. Reward ; fruit ; recompense ; that which is
given or received in return.
WAG'GEL, or WAGIEL, n. A name given in Cornwall to
the martinazzo, dung-hunter, or dung-bird, a species of
larus or sea-gull ; (L. parasiticus.)
WAG'GER-Y, 71. [from wag.] Mischievous merriment;
sportive trick or gayety ; sarcasm in good humor.
WAG'GISH, a. 1. Mischievous in sport ; roguish in mer-
riment or good humor; frolicksome. ^Estrange. 2.
Done, made or laid in waggery or for sport.
WAG'GISH- IjY, adv. In a waggish manner ; in sport.
WAG'GISH-NESS, n. Mischievous sport; wanton merri-
ment.
WAG'GLE, V. i. [D. waggelen ; G. wacJceln ; L. vacillo.]
To waddle ; to reel or move from side to side. /^Estrange
WAG GLE, v. t. To move one way and the other.
WAG 'ON, n. [D., G. wagen ; Sw. vagn ; Sax. wmgn, wain.]
1. A vehicle moved on four wheels, and usually drawn
by horses ; used for the transportation of heavy commodi
ties. 2. A chariot; [obs.]
WAG'ON, V. t. To transport in a wagon.
* See Sajnopsis. A, E, T. O. tj, ^, long.— FAR. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- f Qbsolete.
WAK
913
WAL
WAO'ON, V. t. To practice the transportation of goods in a
wagon.
WA*i'0N-A6E, n. Money paid for carriage in a wagon.
WAG'ON-ER, 71. 1. One wiio conducts a wagon. 2. A
c>^nstellatiou, Charles' wain.
WAG'ON-ING, ppr. Transporting in a wagon.
WAG'ON-ING, n The business of transporting in a wagon.
WAG'TaIL, n. A small bird, a species of motacilla.
\WaW, a. Crushed. Shak.
WaIF, n. [Norm. wef,weif;from waive.] Goods found,
of which the owner is not known.
WaIL, v. t. [Ice. vcula ; It. guaiolare ; Gaelic, guilam, or
%iaill.'\ To lament; to moan ; to bewail. Pope.
WaIL, v. i. To weep ; to express sorrow audibly
WaIL, n. Loud weeping ; violent lamentation.
WaIL'FUL, a. Sorrowful; mournful. Shak.
WaIL'ING, ppr. Lamenting with audible cries.
WaIL'ING. n. Loud cries of sorrow; deep lamentation.
WAIL'MEIST, 71. Lamentation. Hacket.
WaIN, n. [Sax. wan ; W. gwain.] 1. A wagon ; a car-
riage for the transportation of goods on wheels. 2. A
constellation, Charles' wain.
WaIN'A6_E, 71. A finding of carriages. Ainsworth.
WaIN'-BoTE, n. Timber for wagons or carts. Eng. law.
WaIN'-HOUSE, 71. A house or shed for wagons and carts.
[Local.'] _Cyc.
WaIN'-RoPE, 71. A rope for binding a load on a wagon ; a
cart-rope. Shak.
* WaIN'SCOT, 71. [D. wagenschot.'] In building, timber-
work serving to line the walls of a room, being made in
panels.
* WaIN'SCOT, v. t. 1. To line with boards ; as, to wainscot
a hall. 2. To line with different materials. .Mddison.
* WaIN'SCOT-ED, pp. Lined with boards or panels.
* WaIN'SCOT-ING, fpr. Lining with boards.
WAIR, n. A piece of timber two yards long, and a foot
broad.
WAIST, 7?. [VV.gwd.sg.] 1. That part of the human body
which is immediately below the ribs or thorax ; or the
small part of the body between the tliorax and hips. 2.
That part of a ship which is between the quarter-deck and
forecastle.
WaIST'BAND, 71. The band or upper part of breeches,
trowsers or pantaloons, which encompasses the waist.
WaIST'CLOTHS, 71. Coverings of canvas or tarpauling
for tlie hammocks, stowed on the gangways, between the
quarter-deck and forecastle.
* VVaIST'CoAT, 71. [waist and coat.] A short coat or gar-
ment tor men, extending no lower than the hips, and
covering the waist ; a vest.
WaIST'ER, n. In ships, waisters are men who are station-
ed in the waist in working the ship. Mar Diet.
WAIT, t;. i. [¥x. guettcr ^ It. guatare j W. g^oeitiaw.] 1.
To stay or rest in expectation ; to stop or remain station-
ary, till the arrival of some person or event. 2. To stay
proceedings, or suspend any business, in expectation of
some person, event, or the arrival of some hour. 3. To
rest in expectation and patience. 4. To stay ; not to de-
part. 5. To stay ; to continue by reason of hinderance.
6. To lie in ambush, as an enemy. — To wait on or upon,
to atten J, as a servant ; to perform menial services for.— To
wait on. 1. To attend ; to go to see ; to visit on business
or for ceremony. 2. To pay servile or submissive attend-
ance. 3. To follow, as a consequence. 4. To look
watchfully. 5. To attend to ; to perform. 6. To be
ready to serve ; to obey. Ps. xxv. — To wait at, to at-
tend in service ; to perform service at. 1 Cor. ix. — To
wait for, to watch, as an enemy. Job xv.
WAIT, V. t. 1. To stay for ; to rest or remain stationary in
expectation of the arrival of. 2. To attend ; to accompa-
ny with sulmission or respect. 3. To attend as a conse-
quence of something; [obs.]
WAIT, 71. Ambush. — As a noun, this word is used only in
certain phrases. — To lie in wait, is to lie in ambush. — To
lay waif-, to set an ambush. Jer, ix.
WAIT'ER, 71. 1. One who waits ; an attendant ; a servant
in attendance. 2. A server ; a vessel on whicli tea-furni-
ture, &c., is carried.
WaIT'ING, ppr. Staying in expectation.
WaIT'ING-MaID, ) 71. An upper servant who attends
WaIT'ING-WOM-AN, i a lady.
f WAITS, n. [Goth, wahts.] 1. Itinerant, nocturnal musi-
cians. 2. Nocturnal musicians who attended great men.
WAIVJE, n. A woman put out of the protection of the law.
Cvc.
WAIVE, 7v t. To put off See Wave.
WAI'WOD'E, n. In the Turkish empire, the governor of a
small province or town ; a general. Cyc.
WAKE, V I. [Goth, wakan; Sax. wcecan; G wachen j D.
waaken, wekken.] 1. To be awake ; to continue awake ;
to watch ; not to sleep. 2. To be excited or roused from
sleep ; to awake ; to be awakened. 3. To cease to sleep ;
to awake. 4. To be quick ; to be alive or active. 5. To
be excited from a torpid state ; to be put in motion.
WAKE, V. t^, 1. To rouse from sleep. 2. To arouse ; to
excite ; to put in motion or action. 3. To bring to life
again, as if from the sleep of death.
WAKE, 71. I. The feast of the dedication of the church,
formerly kept by watching all night. 2. Vigils ; state of
forbearing sleep. 3. Act of waKing ; [old song.]— tVuke
of a ship, the track it leaves in the water, formed Ly the
meeting of the water.
WaKE'FUL, a. J. Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep. JDiy
den. 2. Watchful ; vigilant.
WaKE'FUL-LY, adv. With watching or sleeplessness.
WAKE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Indisposition to sleep. 2. For-
bearance of sleep ; want of sleep. Bacon.
WA'KEN, (wa'kn) v. i. [This seems to be the Saxon infin-
itive retained.] To wake ; to cease to sleep ; to be
awakened.
Wa'KEN, (wa'kn) v. t. 1. To excite or rouse from sleep
2. To excite to action or motion. 3. To excite ; to pro-
duce ; to rouse into action.
WA'KENEDj^p. Roused from sleep ; excited into action.
Wa'KEN-ER, n. One who rouses from sleep. Feltham.
WA'KEN-ING, ppr. Rousing from sleep or stupidity.
WA'KER, n. One who watches ; one who rouses from sleep.
WaKE'-R0B-1N, 71. A plant of the genus arum.
WaK'ING, ppr. 1. Being awake ; not sleeping. 2. Routing
from sleep ; exciting into motion or action.
WAK'ING, n. 1. The period of being awake. 2. Wa.,ch ;
[obs.]
WALE, 71 1. In cloth, a ridge or streak rising above the
rest. 2. A streak or stripe ; the mark of a rod or whip
on animal flesh. — Wales of a ship, an assemblage of sti on g
planks, extending along a ship's sides throughout the
whole length.
WALE'-KNOT, or WALL'-KNOT, n. A single wale-knot
is made by untwisting the ends of a rope, and makmg a
bight with the first strand ; then passing the second over
the end of the first, and the third over the end of the sec-
ond, and through the bight of the first.
WALK, (wauk) v. i. [Sax. icealcan ; D. toalken ; G. icnlkew,
Sw. valkare ; Dan. valker.] 1. To move slowly on the
feet ; to step slowly along ; to advance by steps moaei--
ately repeated, as animals. 2. To move or go on the feet
for exercise or amusement. 3. To appear, as a spectre.
4. To act on any occasion ; [obs.] 5. To be in motion,
as a clamorous tongue ; [obs.] 6. To act or move on the
feet in sleep. 71 To range ; to be stirring ; [unusual 1 8.
To move off; to depart; [not elegant.] — 9. In Scripture,
to live and act or behave ; to pursue a particular course of
life.
WALK, (wauk) v. t. 1. To pass through or upon. 2. To
cause to walk or step slowly ; to lead, drive or ride with a
slow pace.
WALK, (wauk) n. 1. The act of' walking ; the act of mov-
ing on the feet with a slo^v pace. 2. The act of walking
for air or exercise. 3. Manner of walking ; gait ; step.
4. Length of way or circuit through which one walks ; or
a place for walking. 5. An avenue set with trees, G.
Way ; road ; range ; place of wandering. 7. Region
space. 8. Course of life or pursuit. 9. The slowest pace
of a horse, ox or other quadruped. 10. A fish. — II. In
the West Indies, a plantation of canes, &c. — A sheep-
walk, so called, is high and dry land where sheep pasture.
WALK'A-BLE, (wauk'a-bl) a. Fit to be walked on ; [I. u.]
WALK'ER, (wauk'er) n. 1. One who walks.— 2. In our
mother tongue, a fuller. — 3. In late, a forest-officer ap-
pointed to walk over a certain space for inspection; a
forester. 4. One who deports himself in a particular
manner. 5. A fulling-mill; [not in use, or local, ]
WALK'ING,(wauk'ing)p;>7-. Moving on the legs with a
slow pace ; moving ; conducting one's self.
WALK'ING, (wauk'ing) n. The act of moving on the feet
with a slow pace.
WALK'ING-STAFF, ) n. A staff or stick carried in the
WALK'ING-STICK, \ hand for support or amusement
in walking.
WALK'-MILL, (wauk'-mill) n. A fulling-mill. [Local.] Cyc.
WALL, 7z. [L. Valium; Sax. weal; D. wal ; Russ. val ;
W. gwal.] 1. A work or structure of stone, brick or
other materials, raised to some height, and intended for a
defense or security. 2. Walls, in the plural, is used for
fortifications in general ; works for defense. 3. A de-
fense ; means of security or protection. 1 Sam. xxv. — To
take the wall, to take the upper or most honorable place.
WALL'-€REEP-ER, 71. A small bird of the genus certhia
WALL'-CRESS, n. [wall and cress.] A plant.
WALL'- EYE, 71. 1. A disease in the crystaline humor ol
the eye ; the glaucoma.- 2. In horses, an eye in whicl
the iris is of a very light grey color.
WALL'-E-?ED, a. Having white eyes. Johnson.
WALL'-FLOW-ER, n. [wall and flower.] A plant of th*
genus cheiranthus ; a species of stock gillyflower.
WALL'-FRtJIT, 71. [wall and fruit.] Fruit which, to be
ripened, must be planted against a wall.
WALL'-LOUSE, n. An insect or small bug. [L. cimex.]
See Synopsis.
MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;
-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z • '^F "«" SH : TH as in this, f ObsoMe
WAJM
914
WAR
WALL'-MOSS, 71. A species of moss growing on walls.
WALL'-PEN-NY-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus cotyle-
don.
WALL'-PEP-PER, n. A plant of the genus sedum.
WALL'-PlE, n. A plant, a species of asplenium.
WALL'-RuE, n. An herb. Ainswortk.
WALL'-SlD-ED, a. Having sides nearly perpendicular.
WALL'-SPRING, w. a spring of water issuing from strat-
ified rocks.
WALL'-WoRT, n. A plant, the dwarf-elder, or danewort.
WALL, V. t. 1. To inclose with a wall. 2. To defend by
walls. 3. To fill up with a wall.
WALLED, fp. Inclosed or fortified with a wall.
WALL'ER, TO. One who builds walls in the country.
WALL'ER-ITE, n. A mineral, or variety of clay,
WAL'LET, n. 1. A bag for carrying the necessaries for a
journey or march ; a knapsack. 2. Any thing protube-
rant and swagging.
WALL'ING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying with a wall.
vVALL'ING, 71. Walls in general ; materials for walls.
WAL'LOP, V. L [G. wallen ; Sax. wealan.] To boil with
a" continued bubbling or heaving and rolling of the liquor,
with noise.
WAL'LOP-ING, pjr: Boiling with a heaving and noise.
WAL'LoW, V. i. [Sax. wealwian ; Sw. valfva ; Goth, walu-
gan i G. walzen.] 1. To roll one's body on the earth, in
mire, or on other substance ; to tumble and roll in water.
2. To move heavily and clumsily. 3. To live in filth or
gross vice.
WAL'LoW, V. t. To roll one's body. Jer. vi.
WAL'LoW, n. A kind of rolling walk.
WAL'LoW-ER, 71. One that rolls in mire.
WAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Rolling the body on any thing.
!■ WAL'LoW-ISH, a. Filthy. Overbury.
WAL'NUT, n. [D. walnoot ; Sax. walk and knuta.] A tree
and its fruit, of the genns juglans.
WAL'RUS, 71. [G. wall and ross.] The morse or sea-horse,
an animal of the northern seas.
WAL'TRON, 71. Another name of the walrus. Woodward.
Waltz, n. [G. toalzen.] A modern dance and tune, the
measure of whose music is triple ; three quavers in a bar.
WAM'BLE, v. i. [D. wemelen ; Dan. vamler.] To be dis-
turbed with nausea ; as, a wambling stomach ; [vulgar.]
UEstrange
WAM'BLE-OROPPED, a. Sick at the stomach. [ Vulgar.]
WAM-PEE', to. a plant, a species of arum.
WAM'PUM, 71. Shells or strings of shells, used by the
American Indians as money or a medium of commerce.
* WAN, a. [Sax, isan, wann.] Pale ; having a sickly hue ;
languid of look. Spenser.
+ WAN, for won ; pret. of win.
Wand, to. [D. vaand.] 1. A small stick ; a rod. 2. A
staff of authority. 3. A rod used by conjurers or diviners.
WAN'DER, v. i. [Sax. wandrian ; D. 2oandelen : G. wan-
deln.] 1. To rove ; to ramble here and tliere without any
certam course or object in view. 2. To leave home ; to
depart J to migrate. 3. To depart from the subject in dis-
cussion. — 4. In a moral sense, to stray ; to deviate ; to de-
part from duty or rectitude. 5. To be delirious ; not to
be under the guidance of reason.
WAN'DER, V. t. To travel over without a certain course.
WAN'DER-ER, to. A rambler ; one that roves ; one that
deviates from dutv.
WAN'DER-ING, ppr. Roving ; deviating from duty.
WAN'DER-ING, to. 1. Peregrination ; a traveling without
a settled course. 2. Aberration ; mistaken way ; devia-
tion from rectitude. 3. A roving of the mind or thoughts
from the point or business in which one ought to be en-
gaged. 4. The roving of the mind in a dream. 5. The
roving of the mind in delirium. 6. Uncertainty ; want
of being fixed.
WAN'DER-ING-LY, adv. In a wandering or unsteady
manner.
WAN-DER-OO', TO. A baboon of Ceylon and Malabar.
WAND'Y, a. Long and flexible, like a wand. Brockett.
WANE, V. i. [Sax. wanian.] 1. To be diminished ; to
decrease ; particularly applied to the illuminated part of
the moon. 2. To decline ; to fail ; to sink.
t WANE, V. t. To cause to decrease. B. Johnson.
WANE, TO. 1. Decrease of the illuminated part of the moon,
to the eye of a spectator. 2. Decline ; failure ; diminu-
tion ; decrease ; declension.
WANG, 11. [Sax. wang, weng, wong.] I. The jaw, jaw-
bone or cheek-bone j [little used.] 9 [Sax sceo-thwang.]
The latchetof a shoe ; [ohs.]
WANG '-TOOTH, TO. A jaw-tooth. Cyc.
t WAN'HoPE, TO. Want of hope.
WAN'HORN, TO. A plant of the genus kacmpferia.
WAN'ING, ppr. Decreasing ; failing ; declining.
WAN'KLE, a. Weak ; unstable ; changeable ; not to be
depended upon. Qrose.
WAN'LY, adx. In a pale manner ; palely
WANNED, a. IVIade wan or pale. Shak.
WAN'NESS, n. Paleness j a sallow, dead pale color.
WAN'NISH, a. Somewhat wan ; of a pale hue. Faxrfar.,
WANT, TO. [Sax. wan, wanian ; Goth, wan.] 1. Defi-
ciency ; defect ; the absence of that which is neces-
sary or useful. 2. Need ; necessity ; the effect of defi-
ciency. 3. Poverty ; penury ; indigence. 4. The state
of not having. 5. That which is nut possessed, but i3
desired or necessary for use or pleasure. 6. A mole.
WANT, V. t. 1. To be destitute ; to be deficient in ; not to
have. 2. To be defective or deficient in. 3. To fall
short ; not to contain or have. 4. To be without. 5. To
need ; to have occasion for, as useful, proper or requisite.
6. To wish for ; to desire.
WANT, V. i. 1. To be deficient ; not to be sufficient. 2.
To fail ; to be deficient 3 to be lacking. 3. To be missed ,
not to be present. 4. To fall short ; to be lacking.
WANT'AGE, TO. Deficiency ; that which is wanting.
WANT'ED, pp. Needed ; desired.
WANT'ING, p;)^. 1. Needing 5 lacking; desiring. 2. a
Absent ; deficient. 3. Slack ; deficient.
WANT'LESS, a. Having no want ; abundant ; fruitful.
WAN'TON, a. [W. gwantan.] 1. Wandering or roving in
gayety or sport ; sportive ; frolicksome ; darting aside, or
one way and the other. 2. Moving or flying loosely,
playing in the wind. 3. Wandering from moral rectitude ;
licentious ; dissolute ; indulging in sensuaUty without
restraint. — 4. More appropriately, deviating from the
rules of chastity ; lewd ; lustful ; lascivious ; libidinous.
5. Disposed tounchastity ; indicating wantonness. Is. iii.
6. Loose ; unrestrained ; running to excess. 7. Luxuriant;
overgrown. 8. Extravagant. 9. Not regular; not turned
or formed with regularity.
WAN'TON, TO. 1. A lewd person ; a lascivious man or
woman. South. 2. A trifler; an insignificant flutterer.
3. A word of slight endearment ; [I. u.] B. Johnson.
WAN'TON, V. i. 1. To rove and ramble without restraint,
rule or limit ; to revel : to play loosely. 2. To ramble in
lewdness ; to play lasciviously. 3. To move briskly and
irregularly.
t WAN'TON, V. t. To make wanton. Feltham.
WAN'TON-ING, ppr. Roving ; flying loosely ; playing
without restraint ; indulging in licentiousness.
t WAN'TON-IZE, V. i. To behave wantonly.
WAN'TON-LY, adv. Loosely ; without regularity or re-
straint : sportively ; gayly ; playfully ; lasciviously.
WAN'TON-NESS, to. 1. Sportiveness ; gayety ; frolick-
soraeness ; waggery. 2. Licentiousness; negligence of
restraint. 3. Lasciviousness ; lewdness. Pet. ii.
WANT'-WIT, TO. [jcant and wit.] One destitute of wit or
sense ; a fool. [JVoi in much use.] Shak.
WAN'TY, TO. [D. want.] A broad strap of leather, used for
binding a load upon the back of a beast. [Local.] Tusser.
WAP'A-€UT, TO. The spotted owl of Hudson's bay.
t WaPED, a. Dejected ; cast down ; crushed by misery.
WAP'EN-TAKE, } to. [Sax. wwpen-tac.] In some northern
WAP'EN-TA€, ) cojinties of England, a division or dis
trict, answering to the hundred or cantred in other coun-
ties. The name was first given to the meeting. Black-
stone.
WAPP, TO. In a ship, the rope with which the shrouds are
set taught in wale-knots. Cyc.
WAP'PE, TO. A species of cur, so called from his voice.
WAP'PER, TO. A fish ; a species of the river-gudgeon.
WAP'PER. See Whapper.
War, TO. [Sax. war; Fr. guerre; It., Sp., Port, guerra.]
i." A contest between nations or states, carried on by force.
When war is commenced by attacking a nation in peace,
it is called an offensive war, and such attack is aggressive
When war is undertaken to repel invasion or the attacks
of an enemy, it is called defensive. — 2. In poetical lan-
guage, instruments of war. — 3. Poetically, forces ; arnvy
4. The profession of arms ; art of war. 5. Hostility ,
state of opposition or contest ; act of opposition. G. En-
mity; disposition to contention. — Man of war, in naval
affairs, a ship of large size.
WAR, V. i. 1 . To make war ; to invade or attack a nation
or state with force of arms ; to carry on hostilities ; or to
be in a state of contest by violence. 2. To contend ; to
strive violently ; to be in a state of opposition.
WAR, V. t. 1. To make war upon ; [obs.] 2 To carry on
a contest.
WAR'-BeAT, I a. [war and beat.] Worn down in
WAR'-BeAT-EN, S war. J. Barlow.
WAR'BLE, 7?. t. [G.wirbehi; Ban. hvirvler.] 1. To qua-
ver a sound or the voice ; to modulate with turns or va
riaMons. 2. To cause to quaver. 3. To ulter musically
to be modulated.
WAR'BLE, V. i. 1. To be quavered or modulated. 2. To
be uttered melodiously. 3. To sing.
WAR'BLE, TO. A song. Oray.
WAR'BLED,pp. Q-uavered ; modulated ; uttered musically.
WAR'BLER, TO. 1. A singer; a songster; used of birds. 2.
The common name of a genus of small birds.
WAR'BLE.?, TO. In farriery, small, hard tumors on the backs
of horses.
* See Synopsis. K, g, T, 0, t?, ^, long -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete
WAR
915
WAR
W AR'BIANG, ppr. 1. Quavering the voice; modulating
notes ; singing. 2. a. Filled with musical notes.
WAR'BLING, 71. The act of shaking or modulating notes ;
singing.
WAED, in composition^ as in toward, homeward, is the Sax.
weard, from the root of L. verto, &c. It corresponds to
the L. versiis.
WARD,v.t. [B3lX. weardian ; Sw. varda ; Ban. vcBrffer.]
1. To guard ; to keep in safety ; to watch ; [obs.]
2. To defend; to protect; [obs.] 3. To fend off;
to repel ; to turn aside any thing mischievous that ap-
proaches.
WARD, V. i. 1. To be vigilant ; to keep guard ; [obs.] 2.
To act on the defensive with a weapon.
WARD, 71. 1 Watch; act of guarding. 2. Garrison ; troops
to defend a fort ; [obs.] 3. Guard made by a weapon
in fencing. 4. A tbrtress ; a strong hold. 5. One whose
bubiness is to guard, watch and defend ; as, a Rre-ward.
6. A certain district, division or quarter of a town or city,
committed to an alderman. 7. Custody ; confinement
under guard. 8. A minor or person under the care of a
guardian. 9. The state of a child under a guardian. 10.
Guardianship ; right over oi-phans. 11. The division of
a forest. 12. The division of a hospital. 13. The part
of a lock wliich corresponds to its proper key.
WARD'ED,^^. Guarded.
WARD'EX, n. 1. A keeper; a guardian. 2. An officer
who keeps or guards ; a keeper. 3. A large pear. — Ward-
en of the Cinque Ports, in England, an officer or magistrate
who has the jurisdiction of a port or haven. — Warden of
a university is the master or president.
WARD'ER, 71. 1. A keeper ; a guard. 2- A truncheon by
which an officer of arms forbade fight. Shak. — Warders of
the tower, officers who attend state prisoners.
WARD'MOTE, 71. [ward, and Sax. mote.] In law, a court
lield in each ward in London.
WARD'-ROBE, n. [ward and robe ; Fr. garde-robe.] 1. A
room or apartment where clothes or wearing apparel is
kept. 2. Wearing apparel in general.
WARD'-ROOM, 71. [ward and room.] In a ship, a room
over the gun-room, where the lieutenants and other prin-
cipal officers sleep and mess.
WARD'SHIP, 71. 1. Guardianship ; care and protection of a
ward. 2. Right of guardianship. 3. Pupilage ; state of
being under a guardian.
WARD' -STAFF, n. A constable's or watchman's staff.
t Ware, pret. of wear. It is now written wore.
f WARE, a. [Sax. war ; Dan. veer. We never now use
Ma?-e, by itself. But we use it in aware , beware, and in
wary.] 1. Being in expectation of ; provided against. 2
Tim. iv. 2. Wary ; cautious. Milton.
fWARE, ^), i. To take heed of. Dryden.
WARE, V. t. ; pret. wore. To cause a ship to change her
course from one board to the other, by turning her stern
to the wind.
WARE, 71. ; plu. Wares. [Sax. ware ; D. waar ; G. waare ;
Sw.vara; Dan. vare.] Goods; commodities; merchan-
dise. — Sea ware, a marine plant, a species of fucus. Lee.
WARE, V. t. To loare one's money, i. e. to bestow it well,
to lav it out in ware. Grose.
tWARE'FUL, a. Wary; watchful; cautious.
+ WARE'FUL-NESS, n. Weariness ; cautiousness.
WARE'HOUSE, n. A storehouse for goods. Addison.
WARE'HOUSE, v. t. To deposit or secure in a ware-
house.
WARE'HOUSED, pp. Placed in a store for safe keeping.
WARE'HOUS-ING, ppr. Repositing in a store for safe
keeping.
fWARE'LESS, a. 1. Unwary; incautious. 2. Suffered
unawares.
fWARE'LY, adu. Cautiously. See Warily.
WAR'FARE, n. [loar, and fare. Sax. faran.] 1. Military
service ; military life ; war. 2. Contest ; struggle with
spiritual enemies.
WAR'FARE, V. i. To lead a military life ; to carry on
continual wars. [Little used.] Camden.
t WAR'HA-BLE, a. [war, and L. habilis.] Fit for war.
Spenser.
WAR'HOOP, 71. [war and hoop.] The savage yell of war ;
a'yell uttered on entering into battle.
WA'RI-LY, adv. [from wary.] Cautiously ; with timor-
ous pnidence or wise foresight. Hooker.
WAR'INE, n. A species of monkey of South America.
WA'RI-NESS, n. Caution ; prudent care to foresee and
guard against evil.
W ARK, 71. Work; a building. Spenser. [It is obsolete, ex-
cept in bulwark.]
WAR'L,TKE,ffl. 1. Fit for war; disposed for war. 2. Mili-
tary ; pertaining to war. 3. Having a martial appearance.
4. Having the appearance of war.
WAR'LIKE-NESS, n. A warliKe disposition or character.
[Little used.] Sandys.
■fWAR'LING, n. One often quarreled with ; a word coined
perhaps to rhyme with darling. Camden
t WAR'LOCK, ) n [wcer-loga ; Ice. vard-lookr.i A male
t WAR'LUCK, ] witch ; a wizard. Dryden.
WARM, a. [Goth., D., G, warm ; Sax. wearm; Siv., Dan.
varm.] 1. Having heat in a moderate degree ; not cold.
2. Subject to heat ; having prevalence of heat, or little or
no winter. 3. Zealous ; ardent. 4. Habitually ardent oi
passionate ; keen ; irritable. 5. Easily excited or pro-
voked ; irritable. 6. Violent ; furious. 7. Busy in ac-
tion ; heated in action ; ardent. 8. Fanciful ; enthusias-
tic. 9. Vigorous ; sprightly.
WARM, V. t. [Sax. wearmian ; Goth, warmyan.] I. To
communicate a moderate degree of heat to. 2. To make
engaged or earnest ; to interest ; to engage.
WARM, V. i. 1. To become moderately heated. 2 To
become ardent or animated.
WARMED, pp. Moderately heated ; made ardent ; excited
WARM'IjNG, ppr. Making moderately hot ; making ardent
or zealous.
WARM'ING-PAN, n. A covered pan with a long handle
for warming a bed with ignited coals.
WARMING-STONE, n. [warm and stone.] A stone dug in
Cornwall, which retains heat a great while.
WARM'LY, adv. 1. With gentle heat. Milton. 2. Eagerly
earnestly ; ardently.
WARM'NESS, ; n. 1. Gentle heat. 2. Zeal ; ardor ; fer-
WARMTH, \ vor. 3. Earnestness ; eagerness. 4. Ex-
citement ; animation. 5. Fancifulness ; enthusiasm. — 6.
In painting, the fiery effect given to a red color by a small
addition of yellow.
Warn, v.t. [Sa.x.warnian;S'W.varna; G. warnen.] 1.
To give notice of approaching or probable danger or evil,
that it may be avoided ; to caution against any thing that
may prove injurious. 2. To caution against evil practices.
1 Thess. V. 3. To admonish of any duty. 4. To inform
previously ; to give notice to. 5. To notify by authority ;
to summon. 6. To ward off; [obs.]
WARNED, pp. Cautioned against danger ; admonished of
approaching evil ; notified.
WARN'ER, 71. An admonisher.
WARN'ING, ppr. Cautioning against danger; admonish-
ing ; giving notice to ; summoning to meet or appear.
WARN'ING, 71. 1. Caution against danger, or against faults
or evil practices which incur danger. 2. Previous notice.
WAR'-OF-FiCE, 71. An office in which the military affairs
of a country are superintended and managed.
WARP, n. [Sax. wearp ; D. werp.] 1. In manufactures, the
threads which are extended lengthwise in the loom, and
crossed by the woof. — 2. In a ship, a rope employed in
drawing, towing or removing a ship or boat ; a towing-
line. — 3. In agriculture, a slrniy substance deposited on
land by marine tides, by which a rich alluvial soil is
formed; [local.] Cyc. — 4. In co705, a miscarriage ; [local.]
WARP, V. i. [Sax. weorpan, wurpan, wyrpan ; G. werfen ;
D. werpen.] 1. To turn, twist or be twisted out of a straight
direction. 2. To turn or incline from a straight, true or
proper course ; to deviate. 3. To fiy with a bending or
waving motion : to turn and wave, like a flock of birds or
insects. 4. To slink ; to cast the young prematurely ; as
cows ; [local.]
WARP, V. t. 1. To turn or twist out of shape, or out of a
straight direction, by contraction. 2. To turn aside from
the true direction ; to cause to bend or incline ; to pervert.
— 3. In seamen's language, to tow or move with a line or
warp, attached to buoys, to anchors or to other ships, &c
by which means a ship is drawn, usually in a bending
course or with various turns. — 4. In rural economy, to cast
the young prematurely ; [local.] — 5. In o^?-7CMZiMre, to in-
undate, as land, with sea- water ; or to let in the tide, for
the purpose of fertilizing the ground by a deposit of warp
or slimy substance ; [local ; Eng.] — 6. In rope-making, to
run the yarn off the winches' into hauls to be tarred. — To
warp icater, in Shakspeare, is forced and unusual.
WARPED, pp. Twisted by shrinking or seasoning ; per-
verted ; moved with a warp ; overflowed.
WARP'ING, ppr. Turning or twisting ; causing to incline ;
perverting ; moving with a warp ; enriching by overflow-
ing with tide-water.
WARP'ING-BANK, n. A bank or mound of earth raised
round a field for retaming the water let in from the sea.
[Local.] Cyc.
W X Ip/TNc'S ATCH^' I «• ^ flood-gate to let in tide-water
WxiFmGlsLmcl: \ upon land. LZ.caL]
WARP'ING-€UT, ) n. An open passage or channel
WARP'ING-DRaIN, > for discharging the water frow
WAEP'ING-GUT-TER, ) lands inundated. [Local.]
WARP'ING-HOOK, n. A hook used by rope-makers fo}
hanging the yarn on, when warping into hauls for tarring
WARP'ING-PoST, 71. A strong post used in warpmg rop&
yarn.
WAR'PROOF, n. [war and proof.] Valor tried by war.
WAR'RANT, v.t. [Gaelic, barantas, baranta ; W. gwaran-
til, gwarant ; Norm, garranty ; Fr. garantir.] 1. To au-
thorize ; to give authority or power to do or forbear any
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE .— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
WAS
91G
WAS
thing, by which the person authorized is secured or saved
harmless from any loss or damage by the act. 2. To main-
tain ; to support by autliority or proof. 3. To justify.
4. To secure J to exempt 3 to privilege. 5. To declare
with assurance. — 6. In lata, to secure to a gran.tee an
estate granted 5 to assure. 7. To secure to a purcnaser of
goods the title to the same ; or to indemnify him against
loss. 8. To secure to a purchaser the good quality of the
goods sold ; see Warranty. 9. To assure that a thing is
what it appears to be, which implies a covenant to make
good any defect or loss incurred by it.
WAR'RAJMT, n. 1. An act, instrument or obligation, by
which one person authorizes another to do something
which he has not otherwise a right to do ; an act or in-
strument investing one with a right or authority. 2. A
precept authorizing an officer to seize an oftender and
bring him to justice. 3. Authority ; power that author-
izes or justifies any act. 4. A commission that gives au-
thority, or that justifies. 5. A voucher; that which
attests or proves, 6. Right; legality; [obs.\ 7. A writ-
ing which authorizes a person to receive money or other
thing.
WAR'RANT-A-BLE, a. Authorized by commission, pre-
cept or right ; justifiable ; defensible.
WAR'RAJN'T-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being justi-
fiable. Sidney.
WAR'RANT-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that may be justi-
fied ; justifiably. Wake.
WAR'RANT-ED, pp. Authorized ; justified ; secured ; as-
sured by covenant or by implied obligation.
WAR-RAN-TEE', n. The person to whom land or other
thing is warranted. Ch. Justice Parsons.
WAR'RANT-ER, n. 1. One who gives authority, or legally
empowers. 2. One who assures, or covenants to assure ;
one who contracts to secure another in a right, or to make
good any defect of title or quality
VVAR'RANT-ING, ppr. 1. Authorizing ; empowering. 2.
Assuring ; securing to another a right, or covenanting to
make good a defect of title in lands, or of quality in
goods.
tWAR'RAN-TlSE, 71. Authority; security. Shak.
WAR'RANT-OR, n. One who warrants.
WAR'RAN-TY, n. 1. In law, a prismise or covenant by
deed, made by the bargainer for hiniself and his heirs, to
warrant or secure the bargainee and his heirs against all
men in the enjoyment of an estate or other thing granted.
2. Authority ; justificatory mandate or precept. 3. Se-
curity.
WAR'RAN-TY, v. t. To warrant ; to guaranty.
+ WAR-RaY', t>. t. [Ft. guerroyei-.] To make war upon.
t WARRE, a. [Sax. wcerra, for wwrsa.] Worse. Spenser.
WAR'REN, 71. [Fr. garenne ; D. loaarandc.] 1. A piece of
ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of
rabbits. — 2. In law, a franchise or place privileged by pre-
scription or grant from the king, for keeping beasts and
fowls. 3. A place for keeping fish in a river.
WAR'REN-ER, n. The keeper of a warren. Johnson.
WAR'RI-AN-GLE, n. A hawk. Ainsicorth.
* WAR'RIOR, n. [from war ; Fr. guerrier ; It. guerriere.]
1. in a general sense, a soldier ; a man engaged in mili-
tary life. — 2. Emphatically, a brave man ; a good sol-
dier.
WAR'RIOR-ESS, n. A female warrior. Spenser.
WART, 71. [Sax. weart ; D.wrat; G. warzs ; S\v. varta.]
iV A hard excrescence on the skin of animals, which is
covered with the production of the cuticle. 2. A protu-
berance on trees.
WART'ED, a. In botany, having little knobs on the surface ;
ven'ucose •, as, a wartcd capsule. Martini.
WART'WoRT, 71. A plant of the genas euphorbia.
WART'Y, a. 1. Having warts ; full of warts ; overgrown
with warts. 2. Of the nature of warts.
WAR'-WoRN, a. Worn with military service.
WA'RY, a. [Sax. 7C(£r ; Ice. var.] Cautions of danger;
carefully watching and guarding against deception, arti-
fices and dangers; scrupulous; timorously prudent.
WAS, the past tense of the substantive verb ; Sax., Goth.
wesan ; L. esse, for vesse, to be, to exist ; whence Eng. is,
in the piesent tense, and was in the past ; a-s, I jcas.
WASE, n A wreath of straw or cloth upon the head to re-
lieve the pressure of burdens. Cooper.
WASH, V. t. [Sax- lomscan ,• G. waschen ,• D. wasschen.] 1.
To cleanse by ablution, or by rubbing in water. 2. To
wet ; to fall on and moisten. 3. To overflow. 4. To
overflow or dash against ; to cover with water. 5. To
scrub in water. 6. To separate extraneous matter from.
— 7. In painting, to lay a color over any work with a
pencil, to give it the proper tints, and make it appear more
natural. 8. To rub over with some liquid substance. 9.
To squeeze and cleanse in water. 10. To cleanse by a
current of water. 11. To overlay with a thin coat of
metal. 12. To purify from the pollution of sin.
WASH, V. i. 1. To perform the act of ablution. 2 Kings v.
2'. To perform the business of cleansing clothes in water ;
to rinse printed calicoes, to dissolve and remove the gum
and paste.
WASH, n. 1. Alluvial matter; substances collected and
deposited by water. 2. A bog ; a marsh ; a fen. 3. A
cosmetic. 4. A lotion ; a medical liquid preparation for
external application. 5. A superficial stain or color. 6.
Waste liquor of a kitchen for hogs. 7. The act of wash-
ing the clothes of a family ; or the whole quantity washed
at once. — 8. With distillers, the fermentable liquor made
by dissolving the proper subject for fermentation and dis-
tillation in common water. 9. The shallow part of a river,
or arm of the sea. 10. The blade of an oar ; the thin part,
which enters the water, and by whose impulse the boat is
moved. 11. The color laid on a picture to vary its tints.
12. A substance laid on boards or other work for beauty
or preservation. 13. A thin coat of metal. 14. In the IF.
Indies, a mixture of dunder, molasses, water and scum-
mings, for distillation.
WASH, a. Weak ; washy. Beaumont and Fletcher.
WASH'-BALL, n. [wash and ball.] A ball of soap, to be
used in washing the hands or face.
WASH'-BoARD, n. 1. A broad, thin plank, fixed occasion-
ally on the top of a boat or other small vessel's side, to
prevent the sea from breaking over ; also, a piece of plank
on the sill of a lower deck port for the same purpose. 2.
A board in a room next to the floor.
WASHED, pp. 1. Cleansed in water ; purified. 2. Over-
flowed ; dashed against with water. 3. Covered over
with a thin coat, as of metal.
WASH'ER, 71. 1. One who washes. 2. An iron ring be-
tween the nave of a wheel and the linch-pin.
WASH'ER-W^OM-AN, 71. A woman that washes clothes
for others or for hire.
WASH'ING, ppr. Cleansing with water ; purifying ; over-
flowing ; overspreading.
WASH'ING, 71. 1. The act of cleansing with water ; ablu-
tion. Heb. ix. 2. A wash ; or the clothes washed.
WASH'ING-MA-CHINE', n. A machine used in washing.
WASH'-POT, 71. A vessel in which anything is washed.
Coicley.
WASH'-STAND, n. A small table or frame on which a
vessel is placed to be used in washing the hands or face.
WASH'-TUB, 71. A tub in which clothes are washed.
WASH'Y, a. 1. Watery; damp; soft. 2. Weak; not solid.
3', Weak ; not firm or hardy ; liable to sweat profusely
with labor. JVeio England.
* WASP, n. [Sax. wcesp, or weeps ; D. wesp ; G. wespe ; L.
vespa.] In_entomology, a genus of stinging insects.
WASP'-FLy, 71. A species of fly resembling a wasp.
WASP'ISH, a. Snappish ; petulant ; irritable ; irascible ;
quick to resent any trifling afferent. Pope.
WASP'ISH-LY, adv. Petulantly ; in a snappish manner.
WASP'ISH-NESS, 71. Petulance; irascibility; snappish-
riess.
WAS'SAIL, (wos'sel) n. [Sax. W(BS-hcel.] 1. A liquor made
of apples, sugar and ale, formerly much used by English
good-fellows. 2. A drunken bout. 3. A merry song.
WAS'SAIL, V. i. To hold a merry, drinking meeting.
WAS'SAIL-BoWL, 71. A bowl for holding wassail.
WAS'SAIL-€UP, n. A cup in which wassail was carried to
the company. Cyc.
WAS'SAIL-ER, 71. A toper ; a drunkard. Milton.
WAST, past tense of the substantive verb, in the second
person ; as, thou wast.
Waste, v. t. [Sax. westan, awestan ; G. verwiisten ; D.
veriDoesten ; L. vasto.] 1 To diminish by gradual dissipa-
tion or loss. 2. To cause to be lost ; to destroy by scat-
tering or by injury. 3. To expend without necessity or
use ; to destroy wantonly or luxuriously ; to squander ; to
cause to be lost through wantonness or negligence. 4. To
destroy in enmity ; to desolate. 5. To suffer to be lost
unnecessarily ; or to throw away. 6. To destroy by vio-
lence. 7. To impair strength gradually. 8. To lose in
idleness or misery ; to wear out. 9. To spend ; to con-
sume. — 10. In law, to damage, impair or injure, as an
estate, voluntarily, or by suffering the buildings, fences,
&c. to go to decay. 11. To exhaust ; to be consumed by
time or mortality. 12. To scatter and lose for want of
u^e or of occupiers.
Waste, v. i. l. To dwindle ; to be diminished ; to lose
bulk or substance gradually. 2. To be diminished or lost
by slow dissipation, consumption or evaporation. 3. To
be consumed by time or mortality.
Waste, a. l. Destroyed; ruined. 2. Desolate; uncuUi-
vated. 3. Destitute ; stripped ; as, lands laid wo.ste. — 4.
Superfluous ; lost for want of occupiers. 5. Worthless ;
that which is rejected, or used only for mean purpeses.
6. That of which no account is taken, or of which no
value is found ; as, waste paper. 7. Uncultivated ; un-
tilled ; unproductive. — Laid waste, desolated ; ruined.
Waste, n. l. The act or squandering ; the dissipation of
property through wantonness, ambition, extra \'agance
luxury or negligence. 2. Consumption; loss; useless ex-
pense ; any loss or destruction which is neither necessary
=» Se» Synapsis, a, E, f, 6, U, Y, lone;.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsoltte.
WAT
917
WAT
nor promotive of a good end. 3. A desolate or unculti-
vated country. 4. Land untilled, though capable of til-
lage. 5. Ground, space or place unoccupied. 6. Region
ruined and deserted. 7. Mischief; destruction.— 8, In
law, spoil, destruction or injury done to houses, woods,
fences, lands, &c., by a tenant for life or for years, to the
prejudice of the heir, or of him in reversion or remainder.
WlST'ED, pp. 1. Expended without necessity or use ; lost
through negligence ; squandered. 2. Diminished ; dissi-
pated , evaporated ; exhausted. 3. Desolated ; ruined ;
destroyed.
WaSTE'FUL, a. 1. Lavish ; prodigal ; expending proper-
ty, or that which is valuable, without necessity or use.
2. Destructive to property ; ruinous. 3. Desolate ; unoc-
cupied ; untilled; uncultivated.
WaSTETUL-LY, adv. In a lavish manner; with prodi-
gality ; in useless expenses or consumption. Dryden.
WaSI'E'FUL-NESS, n. Lavishness ; prodigality ; the act
or practice of expending what is valuable without neces-
sky or use.
WaSTE'-GATE, n. A gate to let the water of a pond pass
oif when it is not wanted. Cyc.
WAS'TEL, n. A particular sort of bread ; fine bread.
WASTE'NESS, n. A desolate state ; solitude.
WaST'ER, 11. 1. One who is prodigal ; one who squanders
property ; one who consumes extravagantly or without
use. 2. A kind of cudgel.
WaSTE'THRIFT, 71. [waste and thrift.] A spendthrift.
WaSTE'-Wi-ER, n. An overfall or wier for the super-
fluous water of a canal. Cyc.
WAST'ING,^j>r. 1. Lavishing prodigally; expending or
consuming without use ; diminishing by slow dissipation ;
desolating ; laying waste, 2. a. Dijuinishing by dissipa-
tion or by great destruction.
Wastrel, n. a state of waste or common. [Local.]
WaST'REL, ) 71. Waste substances ; any thing cast
WaST'0-REL, \ away as bad. [Local,] Cyc.
Watch, n. [Sax. wacca ,- Sw. vacht, or vakt, vachta ; Dan.
vagt.] 1. Forbearance of sleep. 2. Attendance without
sleep. 3. Attention ; close observation. 4. Guard ; vigi-
lance for keeping or protecting against danger. 5. A
v/atchman, or watchmen ; men set for a guard, either one
person or more, set to espy the approach of an enemy or
other danger, and to give an alarm or notice of such dan-
ger ; a sentinel ; a guard. 6. The place where a guard is
kept. 7. Post or office of a watchman. 8. A period of
the night, in which one person or one set of persons stand
as sentinels ; or the time from one relief of sentinels to
another. 9. A small time-piece or chronometer, to be
carried in the pocket or about the person, in which the
machinery is moved by a spring. — 10. At sea, the space
of time during which one set or division of the crew re-
main on deck to perform the necessary duties. This is
different in different nations. — To be'on the watch, to he
looking steadily for some event.
WATCH, V. i. [P.'ax. loacian, wmcan ; G. wachen.] 1. To be
awake ; to be or continue without sleep. 2. To be atten-
tive ; to look with attention or steadiness. 3. To look
with expectation. 4. To keep guard ; to act as sentinel ;
to look for danger. 5. To be attentive ; to be vigilant in
preparation for an event or trial, the time of whose arrival
is uncertain. 6. To be insidiously attentive ; as, to watch
for an opportunity to injure another. 7. To attend on the
sick during the night. — To watch over, to be cautiously
observant of.
WATCH, V. t. I. To guard ; to have in keeping. 2. To
observe in ambush ; to lie in wait for. 3. To tend ; to
guard . 4. To observe in order to detect or prevent, or for
some particular purpose.
WATCHED, pp. Guarded; observed with steady vigilance.
WATCH'ER, 71. 1. One who sits up or continues awake;
particularly, one who attends upon the sick during the
night. 2. A dilicent observer ; [obs.]
tWATCH'ET, a. [Sax. iDcFced.] Pale or light blue. Bryden.
WaTCH'FUL, a. Vigilant ; attentive ; careful to observe ;
observant ; cautious.
WATCH'FUL-LY, adv. Vigilantly ; heedfully ; with care-
ful observation of the approach of evil, or attention to
duty.
WATCH'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Vigilance ; heedfulness ; heed ;
suspicious attention ; careful and diligent observation.
2». Wakefulness ; indisposition or inability to sleep.
WATCH'-GLS.SS, n. 1. In ships, a half-hour glass, used to
measure the time of a watch on deck. 2. A concavo-con-
vex glass for covering the face or dial of a watch.
WATCH'-HOUSE, n. [watch and house.] A,house in which
a watch or guard is placed. Oay.
WATCH'ING,ppr. Being awake; guarding; attending the
sick ; carefully observing.
WATCH'ING, n. Wakefulness ; inability to sleep.
WATCH'-LIGHT, n. A candle with a rush wick. Addison.
WATCH'Ma-KER, n. [icatch and maker.] One whose oc-
cupation is to make and repair watches.
WATCH'MAN, n. A sentinel ; a guard. Swift.
WATCH'TOW-ER, n. A tower on which a sentinel is
placed to watch for enemies or the approach of danger.
WATCH'WoRD, 71. The word given to sentinels, and to
such as have occasion to visit the guards, used as a signal
by which a friend is known from an enemy, or a person
who has a right to pass the watch, from one who has
not.
WA'TER, 71. [Sax. water, was ; D. water ; G. wasser ,
Dan. voter ; Sw. vatten ; Goth, wato.] 1. A fluid, the
most abundant and most necessary for living beings of
any in nature, except air. Water, when pure, is colorless,
destitute of taste and smell, ponderous, transparent, and
in a very small degree compressible. 2. The ocean; a
sea ; a lake ; a river ; any great collection of water ; as in
the phrase, to go by icater. 3. Urhie. 4, The color or
lustre of a diamond or pearl, sometimes perhaps of othet
precious stones; as, a diamond of the first water, that is,
perfectly pure and transparent. 5. Water is a name given
to several liquid substances or humors in animal bodies
To hold water, to be sound or tight ; [obsolete or vulgar.]
WA'TER-BEaR'ER, 71. [water and Nearer.] In astronomy,
a sign of the zodiac, called, also, .Aquarius.
WA'TER-BEL'LoWS, n. [water and bellows.] A machine
for blowing air into a furnace, by means of a column of
water falling through a vertical tube.
WA'TER-BoRNE, pp. Borne by the water; floated; hav-
ing water sufficient to float. Smollett.
WA'TER-€AL'A-MINT, n. A species of mint or mentha.
WA'TER-CAR'RIAGE, 71. 1. I'ransportation or convey-
ance by water ; or the means of transporting by water.
2. A vessel or boat ; [obs.]
WA'TER-CART, n. A cart bearing a large cask of water
which is conveyed into a cylinder full of holes, by means
of which the water is sprinkled upon the ground.
WA'TER-CLOCK, n. The clepsydra; an instrument or
machine serving to measure time by the fall of a certain
quantity of water.
WA'TER-CLOS'ET, n. A closet or apartment for washing
or other purposes of cleanliness.
WA'TER-COL'OR, n. Water-colors, in painting or limning,
are colors diluted and mixed with gum-water.
WA'TER-CoURSE, ?i. [ivater and course.] 1. A stream
of water; a river or brook. /5. xliv. 2. A channel or
canal for the conveyance of water, particularly in drain
ing lands,
WA'TER-CRESS, n. [water and cress.] A small creeping
plant or weed growing in watery p\aces. Cyc.
WA'TER-CRoW'FOOT, 71. [water and crowfoot.] Apian;
on which cows are 'said to be fond of feeding.
WA'TER-DROP, n. [water and drop.] A drop of water.
WA'TER-DROP'WORT, n. A plant. Lee.
WA'TER-EL'E-PHANT, n. A name given to the hippo-
potamus.
WA'TER-EN'GlNE, n. [water and engine.] An engine ti
raise water ; or an engine moved by water.
WA'TER-FALL, n. A fall or perpendicular descent of the
water of a' river or stream, or a descent nearly perpendic-
ular ; a cascade ; a cataract. But the word is generally
used of the fall of a small river or rivulet.
WA'TER-FLAG, n. Water flower-de-luce.
WA'TER-FLoOD, n. [water and flood.] A flood of water
an inundation.
WA'TER-FLy, 71. [water and fly.] An insect that is seer
on the water.
WA'TER-FOWL, 7i. A fowl that frequents the water, m
lives about rivers, lakes, or on or near the sea ; an aquatic
fowl.
WA'TER-FOX, 71. [water and fox.] A name given to the
carp, on account_of its cunning. Walton.
WA'TER-FUR'RoW, n. In agriculture, a deep furrow
rniade for conducting water fiiom the ground and keeping
it dry.
WA'TER-FUR'RoW, v. t. To plough or open water-fur-
rows.
WA'TER-GALL, n. 1, A cavity made in the earth by a
torrent of water. 2. An appearance in the rainbow.
WA'TER-6ER'MAN-DER, 71. A plant. Cijc.
WA'TER-GOD, n. [icater and god.] A deity that presides
over the water.
WA'TER-GRu'EL, n. A liquid food, composed of water
and a small portion of meal or other farinaceous substance
boiled.
WA'TER-GaUGE, ) n. An instrument for measuring or
WA'TER-GA6E, I ascertaining the depth or quantity
of water.
WA'TER-HAM'MER, n. A column of water in a vacuum,
which, not being supported as in the air, falls against the
end of the vessel with a peculiar noise.
WA'TER-HAIR-GRASS, n. A species of grass. Cyc.
WA'TER-HEMP-AG'RI-MO-NY, n. A plant. Lee.
WA'TER-HEN, 71. [water and hen.] A water-fowl. Cyc
WA'TER-HOG, n. A quadruped of South America. Linne.
WA'TER-LAU'REL, n. [water and laurel.] A plant.
WA'TER-LMaF, 71. [water and leaf.] A plant. Lee.
* .See Sijnopsi-s. MOVE, BOOI^, D6VE 5— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this, j Obsolete
WAT
918
WAX
WA'TER-LESS a. Destitute of water. Tooke.
WATER-LEV EL, n. [water and level,] The level formed
by the surface of still water.
WA'TER-LIL'Y, n. [water saA lily .^ A plant. Lee.
WA'TER-LlNE, n. A horizontal line supposed to be drawn
about a ship's bottom, at the surface of the water.
WA'TER-LOGGED, a. Lying like a log on the water.
WA'TER-MAN, n. [water and man.'] A boatman ; a ferry-
man ; a man who manages water-craft. Gay.
WA'TER-MaRK, n. [loater and mark.] The mark or limit
of the rise of a flood. Dryden.
WA'TER-MEL'ON, n. [water and melon.] A plant and its
fruit, of the genus cucurbita, (C. citrullus.)
WA'TER-MILL, 71. A mill whose machinery is moved by
water, and thus distinguished from a wind-mill.
WA'TER-MINT. See Water-calamint.
WA'TER-NEWT, n. An animal of the lizard tribe.
VVATER-OR'DE-AL, 71. A judicial trial of persons accused
of crimes, by means of water ; formerly in use among illit-
erate and superstitious nations.
VVA'TER-OU'ZEL, 71. A fowl of the genus 5tM7^«5.
WA'TER-PARS'NEP, n. A plant of the genus sium.
WA'TER-PO-A, 71. A s])ecies of grass, the poa aquatica.
WA'TER-POISE, 71. [water and poise.] An instrument for
examining the purity of water.
WA'TER-POT, 71. A vessel for holding or conveying
water, or for sprinkling water on cloth in bleaching, or
on plants, &c.
WA'TER- PROOF, a. [water and proof.] Impervious to
water ; so firm and compact as not to admit water.
WA'TER-RAD'ISH, 71. A species of water-cresses.
WA'TER-RaIL, n. A fowl of the genus rallus.
WA'TER-RAT, 71. An animal of the genus mus.
WA'TER-R0€K'ET, n. 1. A species of water-cresses. 2.
A kind of fire-work to be discharged in the water.
WA'TER-ROT, v. t. To rot by steeping in water.
WA'TER-ROT-TED, pp. Rotted by being steeped in
water.
WA TER-ROT-TING, ppr. Rotting in water.
WA'TER-SaIL, 71. [water and sail.] A small sail used
under a studding-sail or driver-Loom. Mar. Diet.
WA'TER-SAP-PHIRE, 71. [water and sapphire.] A kind
of blue precious stone.
WA'TER-SHOOT, 71. [neater and shoot.] A sprig or shoot
from the root or stock of a tree. [Lo'-'i.j
WA'TER-SNAKE, n. A snake that ''/equents the water.
WA'TER-SoAK, v. t. [water and oak.] To soak or fill
the interstices with water.
WA'TER-SoAKED, pp. Soaked or having its interstices
filled with water ; as, waters' j,ked wood.
WA'TER-SoLD lER, n. A ""^ant of the genus stratiotes.
WA'TER-SPAN'IEL, n. / dog so called. Sidney.
WA'TER-SPOUT, n. A' sea, a vertical column of water,
raised from the surfac of the sea and driven furiously by
the wind.
WA'TER-Ta'BLE. a. [water and table.] In architecture, a
ledge in the wall of a building, about eighteen or twenty
inches from the ground.
WA'TER-TATH, n. In England, a species of coarse grass
growing in wet grounds. Cyc.
WA TER-THER-MOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for as-
certaining the precise degree of cold at which water
ceases to be condensed. Cvc.
WA'TER-TlGHT, a. So tight as not to admit water.
WA'TER-TRe'FOIL, 71. A plant. Mortimer.
WA'TER-VlM3-LET, n. [water and violet.] A plant.
WA'TER-WaY, n. In a ship's deck, a piece of timber,
forming a channel for conducting water to the scuppers.
WA'TER-WHEEL, n. 1. A wheel moved by water. 2.
An engine for raising water from a deep well.
WA'TER-WIL'LoW, n. [icater and jcillow.] A plant.
WA'TER-WITH, n. [water and with.] A plant.
WA'TER-WoRK, n. Water-works are hydraulic machines
or engines, particularly such as form artificial fountains,
spouts and the like.
WA'TER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus eZafiJie.
WA'TER, V. t. 1. To irrigate ; to overflow with water, or
to" wet with water ; as, to water land. 2. To supply with
water. 3. To supply with water for drink. 4. To di-
versify ; to wet and calender ; to give a wavy appear-
ance to.
WA'TER, v.i. I. To shed water or liquid matter. 2. To
get or take in water. — The mouth waters, a phrase deno-
ting that a person has a longing desire.
WA'TER-AGE, 71. Money paid for transportation by water.
WA'TERED, pp. Overspread or sprinkled with water;
riiade wet ; supplied with water ; made lustrous by being
wet and calendered.
WA'TER-ER, 71. One who waters. Carew.
WA'TER-I-NESS, n. [from toatery.] Moisture ; humidity ;
a slate of abounding with water. Arbuthnot.
VVA'TER-ING, ppr. Overflowing ; sprinkling or wetting
with water ; supplying with water.
tVA'TER-ING, 7t. 1. The act of overflowing or sprinkling
with water ; the act of supplying with water. 2. The
place where water is supplied.
WA'TER-ING-PLACE, n. A place to which people resort
for mineral water, or for the use of water in some way or
other.
WA'TER-ING-TROUGH, n A trough ip which cattle and
horses drink.
WA'TER-ISH, a. 1. Resembling water ; thin, as a liquor
Dryden. 2 Moist ; somewhat watery. Bale.
WA'TER-ISH-NESS, n. Thinness, as of a liquor ; resem-
blance to water. Floyer.
WA'TER-LESS, a. Destitute of water. Mitford.
WA'TER-Y, a. 1. Resembling water ; thin or transparent,
as a liquid. 2. Tasteless ; insipid ; vapid ; spiritless. 3.
Wet ; abounding with water. 4. Pertaining to water
5. Consisting of water.
WATH, 71. Food used in the North of England. Grose.
WAT'TLE. 77. [Sax. watel.] 1. Properly, a twig or flexi-
ble rod ; and hence, a hurdle. 2. The fleshy excrescence
that grows under the throat of a cock or turkey, or a like
substance on a fish. 3. A rod laid on a roof to support
the thatch.
WAT'TLE, V. t. 1. To bind with twigs. 2. To twist or
interweave twigs one with another ; to plat ; to form a
kind of net-work with flexible branches.
W^AT'TLED, pp. Bound or interwoven with twigs.
WAT'TLING, ppr. Interweaving with twigs.
WAUL, V. i. To cry, as a cat.
WAUL'ING, ppr. Crying, as a cat.
WAVE, n. [Sax. 2ceg, wag; G. wage; Sw. vSg ; Ir
buaice.] 1. A moving swell or volume of water ; MiiiaWi/,
a swell raised and driven by wind. 2. Unevenness ; in-
equality of surface. 3. The line or streak of lustre on
cloth watered and calendered.
WAVE, V. i. [Sax. wafian.] 1. To play loosely ; to move
like a wave, one way and the other ; to float ; to undu-
late. 2. To be moved, as a signal. 3. To fluctuate ; to
waver ; to be in an unsettled state ; [obs.'j
WAVE, V. t. [See Wavjer.] 1. To raise into inequalities
of surface. 2. To move one way and the other ; to bran-
dish. 3. To waft; to remove any thing floating. 4. To
beckon ; to direct by a waft or waving motion.
WAVE, V. t. [Norm, iceyver, icaive.] I. To put off"; to
cast off; to cast away ; to reject ; usually written waive.
2. To quit ; to depart from. 3. To put off; to put aside
for the present, or to omit to pursue.
Waved, pp. l. Moved one way and the other ; bran-
dished. 2. Put off; omitted. — 3. a. In heraldry, indented.
4. Variegated in lustre. — 5. In botany, undate ; rising and
falling in waves on the margin, as a leaf.
WaVE'LESS, a. Free from waves ; undisturbed ; unagi-
taled.
Wa'VEL-LiTE, 71. [from Wavel, the discoverer.] A min-
eral, a phosphate or sub-phosphate of alumin.
WaVE'-LoAF, 72. A loaf for a wave-offering.
WaVE'-OF-FER-ING, 71. An offering made with waving
towards the four cardinal points. J^Tum. xviii.
Wa'VER, v. i. [Sax. wafian; Dan. svmver] 1. To play or
move to and fro ; to move one way and the other. 2. To
fluctuate; to be unsettled in opinion; to vacillate ; to be
undetermined. 3. To totter; to reel ; to be in danger of
falling.
Wa'VER, 7!. A name given to a sapling or young timber-
tree in England. [Local.]
Wa'VER-ER, 7f. One who wavers ; one who is unsettled
in doctrine, faith or opinion.
Wa'VER-ING, ppr. or a. Fluctuating ; being in doubt ,
undetermined.
Wa'VER-ING-NESS, 71. State or quality of being wavei
ing.
WaVE'-SUB-JECT'ED, fl. Subject to be overflowed.
WaVE'-WoRN, a. [leave and worn.] Worn by the waves
WaV'ING, ppr. Moving as a wave; playing to and fro
brandishing.
WaV'URE, n. The act of waving or putting off. R. Peel
Wa'VY, a. [from jcave.] 1. Rising or swelling in waves
full of waves. 2. Playing to and fro ; undulating. 3
Undulating on the border or on the surface,
t WAWES, or WAES, for waves. Spenser.
WAWL, V. i. [Icel. vaele, if not formed from the sound.}
To cry ; to howl. Shak.
WAX, n. [Sax. wcbx, icez ; G. wachs ; D. wasch ; Sw. vax.]
1. A thick, viscid, tenacious substance, collected by bees,
or excreted from their bodies, and employed in the con-
struction of their cells ; usually called bees' wax. 2. A
thick, tenacious substance excreted in the ear. 3. A sub-
stance secreted by certain plants, forming a silvery pow-
der on the leaves and fruit, as in the wax-palm and wax-
myrtle. 4. A substance found on the hinder legs of bees,
which is supposed to be their food. 5. A substance used
in sealing letters ; called sealing-wax, or Spanish wax
6. A thick substance used by shoemakers for rubbing their
thread.
WAX, V. t. To smear or rub with wax.
♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, 5, D, "2, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— j Obsolete
WEA
919
WEA
WAX, V i. ; pret. waxed ; pp. waxed, or waxen. [Sax.
weaxan; G. wachsen ; Sw. raza.] 1. To increase in
size ; to grow ; to become larger. 2. To pass from one
state to another ; to become.
WAX'-BILL, n. A bird, a species of loxia.
WAX'-€AN-DLE, n. A candle made of wax.
WAX'-CHAND-LER, n. A maker of wax-candles.
WAXED, pp. Smeared or rubbed with wax.
WAX'EN, a. Made of wax ; as, waxen cells. Milton.
WAX'ING, ppr. Growing ; increasing , becoming ; smear-
ing with wax.
WAX'ING, n. In chemistry, the preparation of any matter
to render it fit for melting ; also, the process of stopping
out colors in calico-printing. Cyc.
WAX'-MYR-TLE, n. The bayberry, a shrub.
WAX'-PALM, n. A species of palm.
WAX'- Work, n. Figures formed of wax, in imitation of
real beings.
WAX'Y, a. Soft like wax ; resembling wax ; viscid ; ad-
hesive.
WAY, 71. [Sax. wcBg, weg ; G., D. weg- ; Dan. vej ,• Sw. vag ;
Ij., It. via ;'Fr.voie.] 1. Literally, a passing; hence, a
passage ; the place of passing ; hence, a road of any kind ;
a highway ; a private road ; a lane ; a street ; any place
for the passing of men, cattle or other animals. 2. Length
of space ; as, a great way. 3. Course ; direction of mo-
tion or travel. 4. Passage ; room for passing. 5. Course,
or regular course. 6. Tendency to any meaning or act.
7. Sphere of observation. 8. Manner of doing anything;
method ; means of doing. 9. Method ; scheme of man-
agement. 10. Manner of thinking or behavior ; particu-
lar turn of opinion ; determination or humor. 11. Man-
ner; mode. 12. Method; manner of practice. 13. Meth-
od or plan of life and conduct ; as, instruct your children in
the right way. 14. Course ; process of things, good or
bad. 15. Right method to act or know. 16. General
scheme of acting. 17. Ways, plu. the timbers on which
a ship is launched. — To make way, to give room for pass-
ing ; or to make a vacancy. — To give way, to recede ; to
make room ; or to yield. — To make one''s way, to advance
in life by efforts. — By the way, en passant, as we proceed.
— To go one's way, or to come one's icay, to go or come
along. Shak. — In the way, a phrase noting obstruction. —
To be under way, in seamen's language, to be in motion,
as when a ship begins to move.— Ways and means, in
legislation, means for raising money ; resources for rev-
enue.
WaY'-BREAD, Wo a name given to the herb plantain.
WaY'FaR-ER, w. [way and fare j Sax.faran.] A traveler;
apassenger. Carew.
WaY'FaR-ING, a. Traveling ; passing ; being on a jour-
ney. Judges xix.
WaY'FaR-ING-TREE, n. A shrub. Cyc.
* WAY-LaID', pp. Watched in the way.
* WAY-LaY', v. t. [way and lay.] To watch insidiously
in the way with a view to seize, rob or slay ; to beset in
ambush. Dryden. [In this word there is little difference of
accent,']
* WAY-LaY'ER, n. One who waits for another in ambush,
v/itli a view to seize, rob or slay him.
WaY'-LeAVE, 71. A provincial term for the ground pur-
chased for a wagon-way between coal-pits and a river.
[Local.] Cyc.
WaY'LESS, a. Having no road or path ; pathless; track-
less. Drayton.
WaY'-Ma-KER, n. One who makes a way ; a precursor.
Bacon.
WaY'-MARK, 71. A mark to guide in traveling.
t WaY'MENT, v. i. [Sax. im.] To lament. Spenser.
WaY'-PANE, n. A slip left for cartage in watered land.
W' Local.]
aY'-THIS-TLE, n. A troublesome plant or perennial
weed. Cyc.
WaY'WARD, a. [tcay and ward.] Froward ; peevish ;
perverse ; liking his own way.
Wa V-WAR-DEN, n. In local usage, the surveyor of a
road. England.
WaY'WARD-LY, adv. Frowardly ; perversely. Sidney.
WaY'WARD-NESS, 71. Frowardness ; perverseness.
WaY'-WiS-ER, n. An instrument for measuring the dis-
tance which one has traveled on the road ; called, also,
perambulator, and podometer, or pedometer.
WaY'WODE, or WaI'WODE, n. 1. In the Ottoman em-
pire, the governor of a small town or province ; also, a
Mussulman charged with the collection of taxes, or with
the police of a place. — 2 In Poland, the governor of a
province. Cyc.
WaY'WODE-SHIP, 71. The province or jurisdiction of a
waywode. Eton.
WE, pron. ; plu. of I ; or rather a different word, denoting
the person speaking and another or others with him.
WeAK, a. [Sax. waac, wace; G. weich, schwach; D.
zwak ,• Dan. veeg, vceg ; Sw. vek.] 1. Having little phys-
ical strength; feeble. 2. Infirm; not healthy. 3. Not
able to bear a great weight. 4. Not strong ; not compact ,
easily broken. 5. Not able to resist a violent attack. 6.
Soft ; pliant ; not stiff. 7. Low ; small ; feeble, b. Fee-
ble of mind ; wanting spirit ; wanting vigor of under-
standing. 9. Not much impregnated with ingredients, or
with things that excite action, or with stimulating and
nourishing substances. 10. Not politically powerful. 11.
Not having force of authority or energy. 12. Not having
moral force or power to convince ; not well supported by
truth or reason. 13. Not well supported by argument.
14. Unfortified; accessible; impressible. 15. Not having
full conviction or confidence.— 16. Weak land is land of
a Mght, thin soil. Cyc.
t Weak, v. t. To make weak.
t Weak, v. i. To become weak. Chaucer.
WeAK'EN, (wee'kn) v. t. [Sax. wacan.] 1. To lessen
the strength of, or to deprive of strength ; to debilitate; to
enfeeble. 2. To reduce in strength or spirit.
WeAK'ENED, pp. Debilitated; enfeebled; reduced in
strength.
WeAK'EN-ER, n. He or that which weakens
WeAK'EN-ING, ppr. Debilitating; enfeebling; reducing
the strength or vigor of any thing.
WeAK'-HEART-ED, a. Having little courage.
WeAK'LING, 71. A feeble creature. Skak.
WeAK'LY, ado. 1. Feebly; with little physical strength ;
faintly; not forcibly. 2. Witli want of efficacy. 3.
With feebleness of mind or inteilect ; indiscreetly ; in-
juriously. 4. Timorously ; with little courage or forti-
tude.
WeAK'LY, a. Not strong of constitution ; infirm. Ra-
leigh.
WeAK'NESS, n. 1. Want of physical strength ; want of
force or vigor ; feebleness. 2. Want of sprightliness. 3.
Want of steadiness. 4. Infirmity ; unhealthiness. 5.
Want of moral force or effect upon the mind. 6. Want of
judgment; feebleness of mind ; foolishness. 7. Defect;
failing ; fault ; tcith a plural.
WeAK'SiDE, 71. Foible ; deficiency ; failing ; infirmity.
WeAL, n. [Sax. tcela ; G. wohl ; Dan. vel.] 1. A sound
state of a pereon or thing ; a state which is prosperous, or
at least not unfortunate, not declining ; prosperity ; hap-
piness. 2. Republic ; state ; public interest.
WEAL, n. The mark of a stripe. See Wale.
WEALD, WALD, WALT, WOLD, in Saxon and other
Teutonic dialects, signifies a wood or forest. It is found
in names, as in Walt-ham, wood-house ; cormptly pro-
nounced Wal-tham.
WeALS'MAN, n. [weal and man.] A name given sneer-
in gly to a politician. Shak,
WEALTH, (welth) n. [from weal; Sax. welega, welga,
rich.] 1. Prosperity ; external happine.-ss ; [obs.] 2. Riches ;
large possessions of money, goods or lajid ; that abundance
of worldly estate which exceeds the estate of the greater
part of the community ; affluence; opulence.
WEALTH'I-LY, ado. Richly. Shak.
WEALTH'I-NESS, n. State of being wealthy ; richness.
WEALTH'Y, (welth'y) a. Rich ; having large possessions
in lands, goods, money or securities, or larger than the
generality of men ; opulent ; affluent.
WeAN, t;. ^. [Sax. wenari, gew(Bnan.] 1 . To accustom and
reconcile, as a child or other young animal, to a want or
deprivation of the breast. 2. To detach or alienate, as
the affections, from any object of desire ; to reconcile to
the want or loss of any thing.
WeANED, pp. Accustomed or reconciled to the want of
the breast or other object of desire.
WeAN'EL, or WeAN'LING, n. A child or other animal
newly weaned. Milton.
WeAN'ING, ppr. Accustoming or reconciling, as a young
child or other animal, to a want of the breast ; reconciling
to the want of any object of desire.
WEAP'ON, (wep'n) n. [Sax. woepn, wepn; D., G. wapen ;
Dan. vaaben ; Sw. vapen.] 1. Any instrument of offense ;
any thing used or designed to be used in destroying or an-
noying an enemy. 2. An instrument for contest, or for
combating enemies. 3. An instrument of defense. — 4.
Weapons, in botany, arms ; thorns, prickles and stings,
with which plants are furnished for defense.
WEAP'ONED, (wep'nd) a. Armed ; furnished with weap-
ons or arms ; equipped. Hayward.
WEAP'ON-LESS, a. Unarmed ; having no weapon. Mil-
ton.
t WEAP'ON-S ALVE, n. A salve which was supposed
to cure the wound, by being applied to the weapon that
made it.
WEAR, v. t, ; pret. wore ; pp. worn. [W. gwariaw ; Sax.
weran, werian.] 1. To waste or impair by rubbing or at
trition ; to lessen or diminish by time, use or instruments
2. To carry appendant to the body, as clothes or weapons
3. To have or exhibit an appearance ; to bear. 4. To af-
fect by degrees.— To wear away, to consume ; to impair,
diminish or destroy by gradual attrition or decay.— TV
wear off, to diminish by attrition or slow decay.— To wear
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsoleta
WEA
920
WED
out. 1. To consume ; to render useless by attrition or de-
cay. 2. To consume tediously. 3. To liareiss ; to tire*
4. ^o waste the strength of.
WEaR, v. i. 1. To be wasted ; to be diminished by attri-
tion, by use, or by time. 2. To be tediously spent. 3.
To be consumed by slow degrees. — To wear off, to pass
away by degrees.
WEAR, ?(. 1. The act of wearing 3 diminution by friction.
2. J'he tiling worn.
WEaR, 71. [Sax. W(Br, wer ; D. icaaren, or weeren.] 1. A
dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for conducting
it to a mill, or for taking fish. 2. An instrument or kind
of basket-work for catching fish.
WEaR'A-BLE, a. That can be worn. Swift.
WEARD, Sax. a warden, in names, denotes watchful-
ness or care ; but it must not be confounded with ward, in
toward.
WEaR'ER, n, 1. One who wears or carries as appendant
to the body. 2. That which wastes or diminishes.
WeA'RI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being weary or tired ;
that lassitude or exliaustion of strength, which is induced
by labor ; fatigue. 2. Lassitude ; uneasiness proceeding
from continued waiting, disappointed expectation or ex-
hausted patience, or from other cause.
WEaR'ING, ppr. 1. Bearing on or appendant to the per-
son ; diminishing by friction ; consuming. 2. a. Denot-
ing what is worn.
VTEaR'ING, 71. Clothes ; garments. Shak.
t WEaR'ISH, a, 1. Boggy ; watery. 2. Weak ; washy.
WeA'RI-SoME, a. [from weary.] Causing weariness ; tire-
some ; tedious ; fatiguing.
WeA'RI-S6ME-LY, adv. Tediously ; so as to cause weari-
n_ess. Raleigh.
WeA'RI-SoME-NESS, 71. The quality of exliausting
st^rength or patience ; tiresomeness ; tediousness.
WeA'RY, a. [Sax. wcrio-.] J, Having the strength much
exhausted by toil or violent exertion ; tired ; fatigued ;
[this word expresses less than tired.] 2. Having the pa-
tience exhausted, or the mind yielding to discouragement.
3^ Causing weariness 5 tiresome.
*VeA'RY, r. t. 1. To reduce or exhaust the physical
strength of the body ; to tire ; to fatigue. 2. To make
impatient of continuance. 3. To harass by any thing
irksome. — To weary out, to subdue or exhaust by fa-
tigue.
WeAS'AND, ) n. [Sax. wasend, tccBsend.] The windpipe
We'SAND, \ or trachea ; the canal through which air
pjisses to and from the lungs.
WeAS'EL, ) (we zl) 71. [Sax. toesle ; Dan. vesel ; G. wiesel ; D.
WEE'SEL, \ weezel.] A small animal, of the genus mus-
tela, which feeds on small birds, but particularly on
mice.
We AS'EL-€00T, 71. The red-headed smew.
WEATH'ER, (wetfi'er) n. [Sax. weder, wieder, or wether ;
G. wetter : D. iceder, or iceer.] 1. The state of the air or
atmosphere with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dry-
ness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, and the like ;
as, warm weather. 2. Change of the state of the air ; [Z. u.]
Bacon. 3. Storm ; tempest ; [Z. u.] Dryden. — Stress of
weather, violent winds ; force of tempests.
WEATH'ER, (wetn'er) v, t. 1. To air; to expose to the
air; [rarely used.] Spenser. — 2. In seamen's lan.!ruage, to
sail to the windward of something else. 3. To pass with
difficulty. — To weather a point, to gain or accomplish it
against opposition. — To weather out, to endure, to hold
out to the end ; as, to weather out a storm. Addison. —
Weather is used with several words, either as an adjec-
tive, or as forming part of a compound word.
WEATH'ER-BeAT'EN, a. Beaten or harassed by the
weather.
WEATH'ER-BIT, n. A turn of the cable about the end of
the windlass, without the knight-heads. Cyc.
WEATH'ER-BoARD, 71. That side of a ship which is to-
wards the wind ; the windward side. So, in other words,
weather signifies towards the wind or windward ; as in
weather-how, weather-hiaces, weather-gage, weather-Wfts,
weather-quarter, weather-shrouds, weather-side, weather-
shore, &c.
WEATH ER-BoARD'lNG, n. The act of nailing up boards
agaiiist a wall ; or the boards themselves. Cyc.
WEATH'ER-Bo.lRDS, n. Pieces of plank placed in the
ports of a shipj^when laid up in ordinary. Mar. Diet.
WEATH ER-BoW. See Weathereoard.
WEATH'ER-CLOTHS, 7i. Long pieces of canvas or tar-
paulin g used to preserve the hammocs from injury by
the weather when stowed, or to defend persons from the
wind and spray.
WEATH ER-€OeK, n. 1. Something in the shape of a
cock placed on the stop of a spire, which, by turning,
shows the direction of the wind ; a vane, or weather-vane.
2. Any thing or person that turns easily and frequently ;
a fickle, inconstant person.
WEATHER-DRI V-EN, a. [iceather and driven.] Driven
by wmds or storms ; forced by stress of weather.
WEATf5'EK-FEND, ». t. [weather and fend.] To shelter.
WEATI^'ER-Ga^E, 71. [weather and gage.] Something
that shows the weather. Q,u. Hudibras. A ship is said to
have the iceather-gage of another, when she is at the wind-
ward of her.
WEATH'ER-GALL, n. A secondary rainbow, said to be a
sign of bad weather. JVorth of England.
WEATH'ER-GLASS, n. [weather and glass.] An instru
ment to indicate the state Of the atmosphere. Cyc.
WEATH'ER-HELJM, n A ship is said to carry a iceather
helm, when she is inclined to come too near the wind.
WEATH'ER-MoST, a. Being farthest to the windward.
WEATH'ER-PROOF, a. Proof against rough weather.
WEATH ER-RoLL, n. [weather and roll.] The roll of a
ship to the windward ; opposed to lee-lurch.
W^EATH'ER-SPy, n. [iceather and spy.] A star-gazer ;
one that foretells the weather. [Little used.] Donne.
WEATH'ER-TlDE, n. Th« tide which sets against the lee
side of a ship, impelling her to the windward.
WEATH ER-W^SE, a. [weather and wise.] Skillful in fore-
seeing the changes or state of the weather.
jWEATH'ER-WlS-ER, 71. Something that foreshows the
weather. Derham.
WEATH'ERED, pp. Passed to the windward ; passed with
difficulty.
WEATH'ER-IXG, ppr. Passing or sailing to the windward ;
posing with difficulty.
Weave, v. t, .• pret. wove ,- pp. woven, wove. The regular
form, weaved, is rarely or never used. [Sax. wefan ; G
weheii; D. weeven.] 1, To unite threads of any kind in
such a manner as to form cloth. 2. To unite any thing
flexible. 3. To unite by intermixture or close connec-
' tion. 4. To interpose ; to insert.
Weave, v. l. To practice weaving ; to work with a loom.
WeAV'ER, 7!. 1. One who weav^es ; one whose occupa-
tion is to weave. 2. A bird ; tlie common name of the genus
ploceus, of several species, natives of Africa and the E.
Indies ; so called because they construct curious and often
pensile nests, by interweaving twigs and fibres.
WeAV'ER-FISH, n. A kind of fish. Ainsworth.
Weaving, p;)r. Forming cloth by intertexture cf threads
Weaving, n. l. The act or art of forming cloth in a loom,
by the union or intertexture of threads. 2. The task or
work to be done in making cloth.
WEB, 7?. [Sax. weJ) ; Sw. vaf.] 1. Texture of threads ;
plexus ; any thing woven. — 2. Locally, a piece of linen
cloth. Enffl-and. 3. A dusky film that forms over the eye
and hinders the sight ; suffusion. 4. Some part of a
sword. — 5. In ship-building, the thin partition on the in-
side of the rim, and between the spokes of a sheave. Cyc
— 6. In ornithology, the membrane which unites the toes
of many water-fowls. — F/eb of a coulter is the thin, sharp
part.
WEBBED, a. Having the toes united by a membrane or
web ; as, the icebbed feet of aquatic fowls.
WEB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having webbed feet ; palmiped.
WEB'STER, 7!. [Sax. webstre.] A weaver. The old word
is webber. Camden.
WED, V. t. [Sax. weddian; Sw. vadja; Dan. vredder.] 1.
To marry ; to take for husband or for wife. 2. To join in
marriage. 3. To unite closely in affection 3 to attach
firmly. 4. To unite forever. 5. To espouse ; to take
part with ; [obs.]
WED, v. i. To marry ; to contract matrimony. Shak
WED, V. A pledge.
W^ED'DED, pp. Married : closely attached.
WED'DING, ppr. Marrying; uniting with in matrimony
WED'DING, n. Marriage; nuptials; nuptial ceremony j
nuptial festivities. Shak.
WED'DING-CLoTHES, 7!. Garments f6r abride or a bride-
groom, to be worn at marriage.
WED'DING-DAY, n. The dav of marriage.
WED'DING-FeAST, n. [wedding and feast.] A feast or
entertainment prepared for the guests at a wedding.
WEDGE, n. [Sax. wecg, wcecg ; Dan. veg : Sw. vigg ; D.
wig'.] \. A mass of metal. Josh. vii. 2. A piece of
metal, particularly iron, thick at one end and sloping to a
thin edge at the other, used in splitting wood, rocks, &:c.
3. Something in the form of a wedge.
WEDGE, V. t. 1. To cleave with a wedge ; to rive ; [I. u.]
2. To drive as a wedge is driven ; to crowd or compress
closely. 3. To force, as a wedge forces its way. 4. To
fasten with a wedge or with wedges. 5. To fix in the
manner of a wedge.
WEDGED, pp. Split with a wedge ; fastened with a wedge ;
closelv compressed.
WEDGE'-SHaPED, a. [wedge and shape.] Havirg the
shape of a wedge ; cuneiform. Smith.
WEDGE' WOODS-VaSE, n. A kind of earthen vase, urst
made by Mr! W^edgewood.
WEDGING, ppr. Cleaving with a wcdge ; fastening with
wedges ; compressing closely.
WED'LOCK, v. [qu. wed and lock ; or Sax. lac, a gift.] Mar-
riage ; matrimony. Addison.
* Sie Synopsis. A, fi, T, 0, t?, Y, lonjj.—FSM, FALL, WHA.T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete
WEF
921
WEL
WED LO€K, V. t. To marry. [Littie used.'] Milton.
WED'LOCKED, p-p. United in marriage. [L. m.] Milton.
VVEDNES'DAY, (vvenz'de) n. [Sax. Wodensdceg, Woden's
day ; Sw. Odensdag, or Onsdag ; from Wodin, or Odin, a
deity or chief.] The fourth day of the week ; the next
day after Tuesday.
t WEE, a. [contracted from G. wenig.] Small ; little.
WEECH'ELM, or WITCH'-ELM, n. A species of elm.
Bacon.
WEED, n. [Sax. weod.] 1. The general name of any
plant that is useless or noxious. 2. Any kind of unprof-
itable substance among ores in mines, as mundic or mar-
casite ; [local.]
WEED, n. [Sax. wend, icceda.] 1. Properly, a garment, as
in Spenser, but now used only in the plural, weeds, forthe
mourning apparel of a female ; as, a widow's weeds. 2.
An upper garment ; [obs.]
WEED, V. t. [Sax. weodian ; D. weeden.] 1. To free from
noxious plants. 2. To take away, as noxious plants. 3.
To free from any thing hurtful or offensive. 4. To root
out vice.
WEEDED, pp. Freed from weeds or whatever is nox-
ious.
WEED'ER, n. One that weeds or frees from any thing
noxious
»VEED'£R-Y n. Weeds. More.
WEED'-HOQK, or WEED'ING-HOOK, n. [weed and
hook.] A hook used for cutting 'away or extirpating
weeds.
WEED'ING, ppr. Freeing from weeds or whatever is nox-
ious to growth.
WEED'ING, n. The operation of freeing from noxious
weeds, as a crop. Cyc.
WEED'ING-CHIS'EL, n. A tool with a divided chisel
point, for cutting the roots of large weeds within the
ground.
WEED'ING-FOR'CEPS, or WEED'ING-TONGS, n. An
instrument for taking up some sorts of plants in weed-
ing.
WEED'ING-FORK,, n. A strong, three-pronged fork, used
in cleaning ground of weeds.
W^EED'IiVG-RHIM, 71. An implement somewhat like the
frame of a wheel-barrow, used for tearing up weeds on
summer fallows, &c.; used in Kent, Eng. Cyc.
WEED'LESS, a. Free from weeds or noxious matter.
WEED'Y, a. 1. Consisting of weeds ; as, icecdy trophies.
Shak. 2. Abounding with weeds ; as, iceredy corn.
WEEK, n. [Sax. weoc ; D. iccek ; G. woche ; Dan. uge;
Sw. vecka.] 1. The space of seven days. — 2. In Scripture,
a prophetic week is a week of years, or seven years.
Dan. ix.
WEEK'-DAY, n. [iceek and day.] Any day of the week
except the Sabbath. Pope.
WEEK'LY, a. Coming, happening or done once a week 5
hebdomadary. S/cift.
WEEK'LY, adv. Once a week ; by hebdomadal periods ; as,
each performs service weekly. Ayliffe.
T WEEL, ?(. [Sax. wcel.] A whirlpool.
WEEL, ) 71. A kind of twiggen trap or snare for fish. Ca-
WEEL'Y, \ rew.
WEEN, v.i. [Sax. zcfiTia??.] To think ; to imagine 3 to fan-
cy. Milton. [Obsolete, except in burlesque.]
tWEEN'XNG, ppr. Thinking; imagining.
WEEP, V. i. ; pret. and pp. 7oept. [Sax. wcpan.] 1. To
express sorrow, grief or anguish by outcry. 2. 'To shed
tears from any passion. 3. To lament ; to complain.
WEEP, V. t. 1, To lament ; to bewail ; to bemoan. 2. To
shed moisture. 3. To drop. 4. To abound with wet.
WEEP'ER, 77. 1. One who weeps ; one who sheds teai-s.
2. A white border on the sleeve of a mourning coat. 3. A
species of monkey, th« simia cavucina.
WEEP'ING, ppr. Lamenting; shedding tears.
WEEP'ING, n. Lamentation.
WEEP'ING-ROCK, 71. [iceep and rock.] A porous rock from
which water gradually issues.
WEEP ING-SPRING, n. A spring that slowly discharges
water.
WEEP'ING-WIL'LOW, n. A species of willow, whose
blanches grow very long and slender, and hang down
nearly in a perpendicular direction.
A'EEP'ING-LY, adv. With weeping ; in tears. Wotton.
rWEER'ISH, a. Insipid; weak; washy; surly. Ascham.
WEE'ifEL, the more proper spelling oficeasel.
tWEET, V. i.; pret. wot. [Sax. zcitan; D. tceeten ; Sw.
veta ; G. wissen.] To know.
t WEET'LESS, a. Unknowing.
WEEV'ER, n. A fish, called also sea-dragon. Cyc.
WEEViIL, n. [Sax. wefl ; G. wibeL] A small insect that
does great damage to wheat or other corn.
f WEFT, old pret. of wave. Spenser.
WEFT, 7(. [from 7ccave.] 1. The woof.of cloth ; the
threads that cross the warp. 2. A web ; a'^hing woven.
t WEFT, 7). A thing waved, waived or cast away.
jWEFT'A6E, n. Texture. Grew.
WEIGH, (Wa) V. t. [Sax. woeg, weg, wasgan ..
wecgen, wikken ; G. wdgen.] 1. To examin
; L. veho ; \r.
J I. 10 examme by the bal
ance ; to ascertain the weight, that is, the force with
which a thing tends to the centre of gravity. 2. To be
equivalent to in weight ; that is, according to the Saxon
sense of the verb, to lift to an equipoise a weight on the
other side of the fulcrum. 3. To raise ; to lift, as an an-
.chor from the gi-ound, or any other body. 4. To pay, allot
or take by weight. 5. To ponder in the mind ; to con-
sider or examine for the purpose of forming an opinion or
coming to a conclusion. 6. To compare by the scales. 7
To regard ; to consider as worthy of notice. — To weigh,
down. 1. To overbalance. 2. To oppress with weiglil ;
to depress.
WEIGH, V. i. 1. To have weight. 2. To be considered as
important; to have weight in the intellectual balance.
3. To bear heavily; to press hard. — To weigh down, to
sink by its own weight.
WEIGH, (wa) n. A certain quantity.— A weigh of wool,
cheese, &c., is 2561b avoirdupois ; a weigh of com is forty
bushels ; of barley or malt, six quarters. Cyc,
W^EIGH'A-BLE, a. 1'hat may be weighed.
WEIGHED, (Wade) pp. J. Examined by the scales ; hav-
ing the weight ascertained. 2. Considered. 3. a. Expe-,
rienced ; [ubs.]
WEIGH'ER, 71. 1. One who weighs. 2. An officer whose
duty is to weigh commodities.
WEIGH'ING, ppr. Examining by scales ; considering.
WEIGH'ING, n. 1. The act of ascertaining weight. 2. As
much as is weighed at once.
WEIGH'ING-€A6E, n. A cage in which small living ani-
mals may be conveniently weighed. Cyc.
WEIGH'ING-HOUSE, v. A building furnisned with a
dock and other conveniences for weighing commodities
and ascertaining the tunnage of boats to be used on a
canal.
WElGH'ING-MA-cHlNE', n. 1. A machine for weigh
ing heavy bodies, and particularly wheel carriages, at
turnpike gates. England. 2. A machine for weighing
cattle.
WEIGHT, (wate) n. [Sax. zciht ; Sw. vigt.] I. The quan-
tity of a body, ascertained by the balance. 2. A mass of
iron, lead, brass or other metal, to be used for ascertain-
ing the weight of other bodies. 3. A ponderous mass ;
something heavy. 4. Pressure ; burden. 5. Importance ;
power ; influence ; efficacy ; consequence ; moment ; im-
pressiveness.
WEIGHT'I-LY, adv. I. Heavily ; ponderously. 2. With
force or impressiveness ; with moral oower.
W'EIGHT'J-NESS, n. 1. Ponderousness ; gravity; heavi-
ness. 2. Solidity; force; impressiveness; power of con-
vincing. 3. Importance.
WEIGHT'LESS, a. Having no weight ; light. Dryden.
W^EIGHT'Y, a. 1. Having great weight ; heavy; ponder-
ous. 2. Important ; forcible ; momentous ; adapted to
turn the balance in the mind, or to convince. 3. Rigor-
ous ; severe , [obs.]
Weird, a. skilled in witchcraft. Shak.
t WEIVE, for waive. Goiccr.
WEL'A-WAY, an exclamation expressive of grief or sor-
row, equivalent to alas.
WEL'CoME, a. [Sax. wil-cuma ; well and come.] 1. Re-
ceived with gladness ; admitted willingly ; as, a welcoma
guest. 2. Grateful ; pleasing. 3. Free to have or enjoy
gratuitously. — To bid welcome, to receive with professions
of kindness.
WEL'CoME is used elliptically for you are welcome. — Wel-
come to our house, an herb.
WEL'CoME, 7). 1. Salutation of a new comer. 2. Kind
reception of a guest or new comer. South.
WEL'CoME, ^•.t. [Sax. wilcumian.] To salute a new comer
with kindness ; or to receive and entertain hospitably,
gratuitously and cheerfully.
WEL'CoMED, pp. Received with gladness and kindness.
WEL'CoME- LY, adv. In a welcome manner. Brown.
WEL'€6ME-NESS,7?. Gratefulness; agreeableness ; kind
reception. Boyle.
W^EE'CoM-ER, 71. One who salutes or receives kindly a
new comer. Shak.
W^EL'CoM-ING, ppr. Saluting or receiving with kindness
a new comer or guest™
WELD, or W^oLD, n. A plant of the genus reseda, used
by dyers to give a yellow color, and sometimes called dij-
ers^ iceed.
t W^ELD, V. t. To wield. Spenser.
WELD, V. t. [Sw. valla ; G. wellen ; D. loellen.] To unite
or hammer into firm union, as two pieces of iron, when
heated almost to fusion.
WELD'ED, pp. Forged or beat into union in an intense
heat.
WELD'ER, n. 1. One who welds iron. 2. A manager; an
actual occupant ; [obs.] Sicift.
WELDTNG, ppr. Uniting in an intense heat.
WELD'ING-HeAT, 71. The heat necessary for welding iron
See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.- € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. * Obsolete
WEL
922
V¥ES
bars which is said to be 60^ by Wedgewood's pyrometer,
and 8877^ by Fahrenheit.
Wnei/'FARE, n, [well and fare ; G. wohlfahrt ; D. wel-
vaart ] 1. Exemption from misfortune, sickness, calam-
ity or evil ; the enjoyment of health and the common
blessings of life ; prosperity ; happiness ; applied to per-
sons. 2. Exemption from any unusual evil or calami-
ty ; the enjoyment of peace and prosperity, or the ordi-
nary blessings of society and civil government ; applied
to states.
fWELK, v.i. [G. D. welken.] To decline; to fade; to
decay ; to fall.
f WELK, V. t. To contract ; to shorten. Spenser,
tWELiK'ED, pp. or a. Contracted into wrinkles or ridges.
WELK'IN, n. [Sax. wolc, wole en; G. wolke.] The visible
regions of the air ; the vault of heaven. [Obs. except in po-
etry.] Milton.
WELK'IN EYE, in Skakspeare, is interpreted by John-
son, a blue eye, from welkin, the sky ; by Todd, a rolling
eye, from Sax. wealcan, to roll ; and by Entick, a languish-
ing eye.
WELK'ING, ppr. Fading; declining; contracting.
WELL, 71. [Sax. well; D. wel, wcllen.] 1. A spring; a
fountain ; the issuing of water from the earth ; [obs.\ 2.
A pit or cylindrical hole, sunk perpendicularly into the
eartb to such a depth as to reach a supply of water, and
walled with stone to prevent the earth from caving in. —
3. In ships, an apartment in the middle of a ship's hold,
to inclose the pumps, from the bottom to the lower deck.
— 4. In a. fishing vessel, an apartment in the middle of the
holdj made tight at the sides, but having holes perforated
in the bottom to let in fresh water for the preservation of
fish, while they are transported to market. — 5. In the mil-
itary art, a hole or excavation in the earth, in mining,
froQi which run branches or galleries. Cyc.
WELL'-DRaIN, n. A drain or vent for water, somewhat
likeawellor pit, serving to discharge the water of wet land.
WELL'-DRaIN, v. t. To drain land by means of wells or
pits, which receive the water, and from which it is dis-
charged by machinery.
WELL'-FIoLE, or WELL, n. In architecture, the hole or
space left in a door for the stairs.
WELL'-ROOM, 71. In a boat, a place in the bottom where
the water is collected, and whence it is thrown out with
a scoop.
WELL'-SPRING, n. A source of continual supply.
WELL'-WA-TER, n. The water that flows into a well
from subterraneous springs ; water drawn from a well.
WELL, v.i. [Sax. icellan.] To spring; to issue forth, as
water from the earth. [Little 7ised.] Dryden.
t WELL, V. t. To pour forth. Spenser.
WELL. a. [Sax. wel, or icell ; G. wohl ; D. wel ,■ Sw. val ;
Dan. vel ; W.gicell.] 1. Being in health ; having a sound
body, with a regular performance of the natural and
proper functions of all the organs. 2. Fortunate ; con-
venient ; advantageous ; happy. 3. Being in favor.
WELL, adv. 1. In a proper manner ; justly ; rightly ; not
ill or wickedly. 2. Skillfully ; with due art. 3. Suffi-
ciently ; abundantly. 4. Very much ; to a degree that
gives pleasure. 5. Favorably ; with praise. 6. Conven-
iently ; suitably ; advantageously. 7. To a sufficient de-
gree ; perfectly. 8. Thoroughly ; fully. 9. Fully ; ade-
quately. 10. Far. — jis well as, together With ; not less
than; one as much as the other; as, a sickness long as
well as severe. — Well enough, in a moderate degree ; so
as to give satisfaction, or so as to require no alteration. —
Well is him seems to be elliptical for icellisto him. — Well
is prefixed to many words, expressing what is right, fit,
laudable, or not defective ; as teell-nffected ; ?/;eZZ-ordered.
— Well is sometimes used elliptically for it is 7dcII, and as
an expression of satisfaction with what has been said or
done ; and sometimes it is merely expletive ; as, well, the
work is done.
WELL'A-DAY, alas, Johnson supposes to be a corruption of
welaway, which see. Gay.
WELL-BE'ING, n. [well and being.] Welfare ; happiness ;
prosperity.
WELL'-BE-L6V'ED, a. Greatly beloved. Mark xii.
WELL'-BORN, a. [ivell and born.] Born of a noble or re-
spectable family ; not of mean birth. Dryden.
WELL'-BRED, a. [icell and bred.] Educated to polished
manners ; polite. Roscommon.
WELL-D6NE', ercZam. [well and done.] A word of praise ;
bravely ; nobly ; in a right manner.
WELL'FARE is now written welfare.
WELL-Fa'VoRED a. Handsome ; well-formed ; beauti-
ful ; pleasing to the eye. Gen. xxix.
WELL-GROUND'ED, a. [well and ground.] Well-found-
ed ; having a solid foundation.
t WELL'-HEAD, n. A source, spring or fountain.
WELL-IN-TEN'TIONED, a. Having upright intentions or
purp-'Ses. Milner.
WELL-MAN'NERED,a. [well and manner.] Polite; well-
breu , complaisant. Dryden.
WELL'-MeAN-ER, n. One whose intention is good
WELL'-MeAN-ING, a. Having a good intention.
WELL-MET' j exclam. A term of salutation denoting joy at
meeting.
WELL-MTND'ED, a. [well and mind.] Well-disposed-
having a good mind.
WELL-MOR'AL-lZED, a. Regulated by good morals.
WELL'-Na-TURED, a. Good-natured ; kind.
WELL'-NlGH, adv. Almost ; nearly.
WELL'-SPENT, a. Spent or passed in virtue. Pope.
WELL'-SPoK-EN, a. [well and speak.] 1. Speaking well ,
speaking with fitness or grace ; or speaking kindly. 2.
Spoken with propriety.
WELL'-SWEEP. See Sweep.
WELL-WILL'ER, n. One who means kindly.
WELL-WISH', n. A wish of happiness. Addison.
WELL-WISH'ER, n. One who wishes the good of another
jlddisoJi.
WELSH, a. [Sax. weallisc] Pertaining to the Welsh na-
tion.
WELSH, 71. 1. The language of Whales or of the Welsh,
2. The general name of the inhabitants of Wales. The
word signifies foreigners or loanderers, and was given to
this people by other nations, probably because they came
from some distant country.
WELT, n. [W. gwald.] A border ; a kind of hem or edg-
ing, as on a garment or piece of cloth, or on a shoe.
WELT, V. t. To furnish with a welt; to sew on a border.
WEL'TER, V. i. [Sax. loaltan ; Sw. valtra ; G. walien ;
Dan. vxlter.] To roll, as the body of an animal ; but usu-
ally, to roll or wallow in some foul matter. Dryden.
WEL'TER-ING, ppr. Rolling; wallowing, as in mire,
blood, or other filthy matter.
fWEM, 7i. [Sax.] A spot ; a scar. Brerewood.
t WEM, V, t. [Sax. wemman.] To corrupt.
W^EN, n. [Sax. wenn ; D. wen.] An encysted swelling or
tumor; also, a fleshy excrescence growing on animals,
sometimes to a large size.
WENCH, n. [Sax. zcencle.] 1. A young woman; [l.u.]
Sidney. 2. A young woman of ill fame. Prior. — 3. In
.America, a black or colored female servant ; a negress.
WENCH, V. i. To frequent the company of women of ill
fame.
WENCH'ER, 71. A lewd man. Grew.
WENCH'ING, ppr. Frequenting women of ill fame.
WENCH'LiKE, a. After the manner of wenches. Huloet.
WEND, V. i. [Sax. wendan.] 1. To go ; to pass to or from ;
[obsolete, except in poetry.] 2. To turn round; [obs.]
t WEN'NEL, 71. A weanel. See Weanel.
WEN'NISH, \ a. [from wen.] Having the nature of a
WEN'NY, \ wen.
WENT, pret. of the obsolete verb wend. We now arrange
went, in grammar, as the preterit of ^o, but in origin it has
no connection with it.
WENT, 71. W^ay ; course ; path. Spenser.
WBVT, pret. and pp. of weep.
* WERE, (wer, but prolonged, when emphatic, into ware).
This is used as the imperfect tense plural of be ; as, we
were, you were, they were ; and in some other tenses. It
is the Danish verb vmrer, to be, to exist, Sw. vara, and in
origin has no connection with be, nor with was. It is
united with be, to supply its want of tenses, as went is
with go.
WERE, 71. A dam. See Wear.
WEREGILD, n. [Sax. wer, and gild, geld.] Formi-i-ly,
the price of a man's head ; a compensation paid for a man
killed, partly to the king for the loss of a subject, and
partly to the lord of the vassal, and partly to the next
of kin.
WER-Ne'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Werner.
WER'NER-ITE, n. A mineral, regarded by Werner as a
subspecies of scapolite ; caWed foliated scapolite.
WERT, the second person singular of the subjunctive im-
perfect tense of Z>e. See Were.
WERTH, or WORTH, in names, signifies a farm, court or
viJJage, from Sax. weorthig. Lye, Diet.
t We'SIL, for weasand.
WEST, n. [Sax., D., G. west; Dan. vest; Sw. v ester ; Fr.
ouest.] 1. In strictness, that point of the horizon where
the sun sets at the equinox, or any point in a direct line
between the spectator or other object and that point of
the horizon. 2. A country situated in the region towards
the sun-setting, with respect to another.
WEST, a. 1. Being in a Itne towards the point where tne
sun sets when in the equator ; or, in a looser sense, being
in the region near the line of direction towards that point,
either on the earth or in the heavens. 2. Coming or
moving from the west or western region ; as, a west wind
WEST, adv. To the western region ; at the westward ;
more westward ; as, Ireland lies west of England.
t WEST, V. i. To pass to the west ; to set, as the sun.
t WEST'ER-ING, a. Passing to the west. Milton.
WEST'ER-LY, a. 1. Being towards the west ; situated ia
the western region. 2. Moving from the westward.
See Synwsls Ji , % T, 0, tj, "?, long — FS.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete.
WHA
923
WHE
WEST'ER-LY, adv. Tending towards the west.
WEST'ERN, a. \west, and Sax. «rn.] 1. Being in the
west, or in the region nearly in the direction of west ;
being in that quarter where the sun sets, a Moving in a
line to the part where the sun sets.
WEST'ING, 71. Space or uistance westward ; or departure-
WEST' WARD, adv. [Sax. westweard; west and weard.]
Towards the west.
VVEST'WARD-LY, adv. In a direction towards the west.
WET, a. [Sax.tccBt ; Sw. vata; Dan. vcede.'] 1. Containing
water, as wet land j or ha\ing water or other liquid upon
the surface, as a wet table. 2. Rainy.
WET, 71. 1. Water or wetness; moisture or humidity in
considerable degree. 2. Rainy weather j foggy or misty
weather.
WET, V. t. ; pret. and pp. wet ; but wetted is sometimes
used, [Sax.wcetan; Sw.vata; Ban. vceder.] 1. To fill or
moisten with water or other liquid ; to sprinkle or humec-
tate ; to cause to have water or other fluid adherent to
the surface : to dip or soak in liquor. 2. To moisten with
drink.
WETH'ER, 71. [Sax. 2oether, or icedder.] A ram castrated.
WET'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being wet, either by being
soaked or filled with liquor, or by having a liquid adher-
ent to the surface. 2, A watery or moist state of the at-
mosphere ; a state of being rainy, foggy or misty.
WET'-SHOD, a. Wet over the shoes. Mirror for Magis-
trates.
WET'TISH, a. Somewhat wet ; moist ; humid.
WEX, V. t, or i. To grow ; to wax. [JVot to be used.'] See
Wax.
We'ZAND, for weasand. [See the latter.]
[Note. — In words beginning with wh, the letter h, or aspi-
rate, when both letters are pronounced, precedes the sound
of w. Thus what, when, are pronounced hwat, hwen.
So they were written by our ancestors, and so they ought to
be written still, as they are by the Danes and Swedes.]
WHA€K, V. t. To strike. [A vulgar word.]
WHAEE, n. [Sax. hjcal, hiccel ; G. wallfisch ; D. walvisch ;
Sw., Dan. hval.] The general name of an order of ani-
mals inhabiting the ocean, arranged in zoology under the
name of cete, or cetacea, and belonging to the class mamma-
lia, in the Linnean system. The common whale is of the
genus balava. It is :he largest animal of which we have
any account, and probably the largest in the world. It is
sometimes ninety feet in length in the northern seas, and
in the torrid zone much larger.
VVHaLE'BONE, n. A firm, elastic substance taken from
the upper jaw of the whale.
WHaLE'-FISH-ER-Y, 71. The fishery or occupation of
taking whales.
WHALL, or WHAUL, 71. A disease in the eyes, called
glaucoma.
WHaL Y, a. Marked with streaks ; properly, weahj.
WHAME, n. A species of fly, tabanv^, the burrel-fly.
t WHANG, 71. [Sax. thjcang.] A leather thong.
WHANG, V. t. To beat. [JVot in use, or local.] Grose.
WHAP, 7!. A blow. [Vulgar.] .See Awhap.
WHAP'PER, n. Something uncommonly large of the kind.
[ Vulgar.]
WHARF, (hworf) 7?. [Sax. hwarf, hweorf ; D. werf; Dan.
verf : Russ. vorph. In the plural, icharfs and wharves are
both used.] A perpendicular bank or mound of timber, or
stone and earth, raised on the shore of a harbor, ar ex-
tending some distance into the water, for the convenience
of lading and unlading ships and other vessels.
WHARF, V. t. To guard or secure by a wharf or firm wall
of timber or stone.
WHARF'AGE, 71. The fee or duty paid for the privilege of
using a wharf for loading or unloading goods, timber,
wood, &c.
WHARF'ING, n. Wharfs in general.
WHARF'IN-GER, n. A man who has the care of a wharf,
or the proprietor of a wharf.
WHAT, pronoun relative, or substitute. [Sax. hiccet ; Goth.
-i^aiht ; D. wat ; G. was : Dan., Sw. hvad; Scot, quhat.]
1. That which. 2. Which part, 3. What is the substi-
tute for a sentence or clause of a sentence. 4. What is
used as an adjective, of both genders, often in specifying
sorts or particulars ; as, see wliat colors this silk exhibits^
5. What is much used in asking questions. 6. What
time, at the time or on the day when. 7. To how great a
degree. 8. Whatever. 9. Some part, or some. 10. What
is sometimes used elliptically for what is this ? or hoic is
thisl 11. What \s used interrogatively and elliptically,
as equivalent to what icill be the consequence? — What
thouirh, that is, grant this or that; allow it to be so. —
What lio, an exclamation of calling.
tWHAT, 7!. Fare ; things; matter. Spenser.
WHAT-EV'ER, pron. [what and ever.] 1. Being this or
that ; being of one nature or another ; being one thing or
another ; any thing that may be ; as, whatever is read, let
it be read with attention. 2. All that ; the whole that ;
all particulars that.
WHAT-SO-EV'ER, a compound of what, so. and ever, has
the sense of whatever, and is less used than the latter
Indeed it is nearly obsolete.— JFAatso, in a like sense, is
entirely obsolete.
WHEAL, n. A pustule. See Weal.
WHEAT, 71. [Sax. hwa:U ; Goth, hwit ,• G. weitzen ; Sw.
hvete ; Dan. hvede ; D. weit.] A plant of the genus triti-
cum, and the seed of the plant, which furnishes a white
flour for bread, and, next to rice, is the grain most gener-
ally used by the human race.
WHeAT'-BiRD, 71. A bird that feeds on wheat.
WHeAT'-eAR, 71. The English name of the motacilla
ananthe ; called, also, white-tail and fallow-fnch.
WHeAT'EN, (hweetn) a. Made of wheat. Pope.
WHeAT'-PLUM, 7!. A sort of plum.
WHEE'DLE, v. t. To flatter ; to entice by soft words
WHEEDLE, V. i. To flatter ; to coax.
WHEE'DLED, pp. Flattered ; enticed ; coaxed.
WHEED'LER, n. One who wheedles.
WHEED'LING, ppr. Flattering; enticing by soft words.
WHEED'LING, 7t. The act of ifattering or enticing.
WHEEL, 71. [Sax. hweol, hiceohl, hweogl, hiceogul ; D
wiel ; Sw. Jiiul.] 1. A circular frame of wood, iron or
other metal, consisting of a nave or hub, into which are
inserted spokes which sustain a rim or felly ; the whole
turning on an axis. 2. A circular body. 3. A carriage
that moves on wheels. 4. An instrument for torturing
criminals. 5. A machine for spinning thread, of various
kinds. 6. Rotation ; revolution ; turn. 7, A turning
about ; a compass. — 8. In pottery, a round board tukJ'Bd
by a lathe in a horizontal position, on which the clay is
shaped by the hand.
WHEEL'-AN-I-MAL, n. A genus of animalcules, with
anns for taking their prey, resembling wheels.
WHEEL'-BAR-ROW, n. [wheel and barrow.] \ barrow
moved on a single wheel.
WHEEL -Boat, n. [wheel and boat.] A boat with wheels,
to be used either on water or upon inclined planes.
WHEEL'-€AR-RIAGE, 71. [wheel and carriage.] A car-
riage moved on wheels.
t WHEEL'ER, n. A maker of wheels.
WHEEL'-FiRE, n. In chemistry, afire which encompasses
the crucible without touching it. Cyc.
WHEEL'-SHaPED, a. In botany, rotate ; monopetalous,
expanding into a flat border at top, with scarcely any
tube.
WHEEL'- WRIGHT, n. [wheel and wright.j A man whose
occupation is to make wheels and wheel-Ccurriages, as
carts and wagons.
WHEEL, V. t. 1. To convej' on wheels. 2. To put into a
rotary motion ; to cause to turn round.
WHEEL, V. i. 1. To turn on an axis. 2. To turn ; to
move round. 3. To fetch a compass. 4. To roll forward.
WHEELED, pp. Conveyed on wheels ; turned ; rolled
round.
WHEEL'ING, ppr. Conveying on wheels or in a wheel-
carriage ; turning.
WHEEL'ING, 71. 1. The act of conveying on wheels. 2.
The act of passing on wheels, or convenience for passing
en wheels. 3. A turning or circular movement of troops
imbodied.
WHEEL'Y, a. Circular ; suitable to rotation. Philips.
WHEEZE, V. i. [Sax. hweosan ; Sw. hes ; Dan. hv(Eser.]
To breathe hard and with an audible sound, as pereons
affected with asthma. Sicift.
WHEEZ'ING, ppr. Breathing with difficulty and noise.
WHELK, 7(. 1. A wrinkle ; inequality on the surface ; pro-
tuberance ; a pustule. 2. A shell of the genus buccinum.
or trumpet-shell, uni valvular, spiral and gibbous, with an
oval aperture ending in a short canal or gutter.
WHELKED. See Welked.
WHELK'Y, fl. Protuberant: embossed; rounded. Spenser
WHELM, v.t. [Sax. ahwylfan ; Goth, hulyan ; Ice. wilma,
or hicilma.] 1. To cover with water or other fluid ; to
cover by immersion in something that envelops on all
sides. 2. To cover completely ; to immerse deeply ; to
overburden 3. To throw over so as to cover ; [obs ]
WHELMED, pjk. Covered, as by being immersed.
WHELMING, ppr. Covering, as by immersion
WHELP, 7). [Dan. hvalp ; Sw. valp ; D welp.] ]. The
young of the canine species, and of several other beasts of
,.rey ; a puppy. 2. A son ; in contempt. Shak. 3. A
young man ; in contempt. Jiddison.
WHELP, V. i. To bring forth young, as the female of
the canine species and some other beasts of prey. Boyle.
WHEN, adv. [Goth. Iiwan ; Sax. hwcenne ; G.weiin.] ^. At
the time. 2. At what time, interrogatively. 3. Which
time. 4. After the time that. 5. At what time. — BTien
as, at the time when ; what time ; [obs.] Milton.
WHENCE, adv. [Sax. hwanon.] 1. From what place. 2.
From what source. 3. From which premises, principles
or facts. 4. How ; by what way or means. Mark xii.-
5. In general, from which person, cause, place, principle
or circumstance. — From whence may be considered as
I
* See »ynopsi9^ MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— B]JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 aa J } S as Z ; CH ae SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolett.
WHI
924
Will
tautological , /ro;ft being implied in whence ,■ but the use is
well autliorized. — Of whence is not now used.
WHENCE-SO-EV'ER, adv. [y:hcnce, so, and ever.] From
what place sotver ; from what cause or source soever.
WHENL'E-EV'ER, See Whensoever.
WBEX-EV'ER, ci^D. [when and ever.] At whatever time.
WHEN-SO-EV'Eil, adv. [uhen, so, and ever.] At what
time soever ; at whatever time. Locke.
WHERE, adv. [Sax. hzder ; Goth, hwar ; Sw. hvar ; D.
vaar.] 1. At which place or places, 2. At or in what
place. 3. At the place in which. 4. Whither; to what
place, or from what place. — imj where, in any place.
WHERE-A-BOUT', ac'''-- [ichere and about.] 1. Near what
place. 2. Near which place. Skak. 3. Concerning which.
WHERE-AS', adv. [where and as.] 1. When in fact or
truth ; implying opposition to something that precedes. 2.
The thing being so that ; considering that things are so;
implying an admission of facts. 3. Whereat ; at which
place ; [obs.] Spenser. 4. But on the contrary.
WHERE-AT , adv. [where and at.] 1. At which. 2. At
what, interrogatively.
WHERE-BY', adv. [where and by.] 1. By which. Shak.
2. By what, interrogatively. Luke i.
WHERE'FORE, a<^i'. [where and for.] 1. For which rea-
son. 2. Why ; for what reason.
■WHERE-IN', adv. [where and in.] 1. In which; in which
thing, time, respect, book, &;c. 2. In what.
+ WHERE-IN-TO , adv. [where and into.] Into which.
Bacon.
t^VHERE'NESS, n. Ubiety ; imperfect locality.
WHERE-OF', adv [where and of.] 1. Of which; as, we
are not guilty of x,ae crime whereof we are accused. 2. Of
what : [obs.]
WHERE-ON', adv. [where and on.] 1. On which. 2. On
what ; [obs.]
tWHERE'SO. See Wheresoever.
WHERE-SO-EV'ER, adv. [where, so, and ever.] In what
place soever ; in whatever place, or in any place indefi-
nitelv.
tWHERE'THROUGH, adv. Through which.
WHERE-TO', adt. [where and to.] ]. To which. 2. To
what ; to what end ; [little iLsed.]
WHERE-L'N-TO', adv. [where and unto.] The same as
I ichercto. [Little used.]
WHERE-UP-ON', adv. Upon which. Clarendon.
WHERE-EVER,a(Zf. [where and ever.] At whatever place.
WHERE-WITII', adr. [where and with.] 1. With which.
2. Willi what, interrogatively.
WHERE-WITH-AL', ado. The same as wherewith.
WHERN, n. Probablv a variation of ^mct-w. Dr. Clarke.
WHEIi RET, r. (. [G'. ?C!Vre7(. Qu.] To hurry ; to trouble ;
to tease ; to give a box on the ear. [Low.]
t"WHER'RET^ n. A box on the ear. Beaumont.
WHER'RY, ?!. [a different orthography of /er?-?/,] 1. A boat
used on rivers. It is also applied to some decked vessels
used in fishing, in different parts of Great Britain and
Ireland. Mar. Diet. 2. A liquor made from the pulp of
crabs ?fter the verjuice is expressed ; sometimes called
crab-wnerry ; [local.]
\'C^HET, V. t. ; pret. and pp. irhetted, or whet. [Sax. hwet-
tan ; I), wetten.] 1. To rub for the purpose of sharpening,
as an edge tool ; to sharpen by attrition, 2. To provoke ;
to excite ; to stimulate. 3. To provoke ; to make angry
or acrimonious. — To whet on, or whet forward, to urge on ;
to instigate ; [obs.] Sliak.
WHET, II. 1. The act of sharpening by friction. 2. Some-
thing that provokes or stimulates the appetite. Spectator.
V/HETH-ER, pronoun, or suustitute. [Sax. hwcether.] 1.
Which of two. 2. When classed among adverbs, it re-
tains its original character, and denotes which of two al-
ternatives, expressed by a sentence or the clause of a
sentence, and followed by or ; as, "resolve whether you
will go or not ;" that is, you will go or not go ; resolve
whir.h.
WHETSTONE, n. [whet and stone.] A stone used for
sharpening edged instruments bv friction.
\^TIET'STONE-SLATE, or WHET'-SLATE, n. Novacu-
lite, or coticular shist, a variety of slate used for sharpen-
ing instruments of iron.
WHETTED, pp. Rubbed for sharpening ; sharpened ; pro-
voked ; stimalated.
WHET'TER, /(. He or that which whets or sharpens.
WHET'TING, ppr. Rubbing for the purpose of makmg
sharp ; sharpening ; provoking ; inciting.
WHEW'ER, n. Another name of the widgeon. [Local.]
WHEY, 71. [Sax. hwceg ; D. wei, or hui.] The serum or
watery part of milk, separated from the more thick or co-
aeulabie part, particularly in the process of niaking cheese.
WllEY'EY, a. Partaking of whey ; resembling whey.
WmEY'ISH, a. Having the qualities of whey. Philips.
WHEY'-TUB, n. A tub in which whey stands for yielding
cr'^am, &c. Cijc.
Wfi.GH, pron. relative, or substitute, [qu. Sax. hwilc : G.
welcher ; D. welk-. ] 1. A word called a relative, or pronoun
relative, because it relates to another word or thing, QSU.
ally to some word that precedes it in the sentencr. — 2
Which is much used in asking questions, for the purpose
of obtaining the designation of a particular person or thing
by the answer, and, in this use, it is of the masculine as
well as of the neuter gender , as, which man is it .' 3
That which.
WIIICH-SO-Ev'eR 1 ^"^ Whether one or the other.
WHI€K, a. Alive. JfoHh of England.
WHIFF, 71. [W. givif] 1. A sudden expulsion of air from
the mouth ; a puff. — 2. In ichthyology, a species of pieu
ronectes or flounder.
WHIFF, V. t. To puff; to throw out in whiffs ; to consume
in whiifs.
WHIFFLE, V. i. [D. weifelen ; G. zweifeln.] To start, shift
and turn ; to change from one opinion or course to an-
other ; to use evasions ; to prevaricate ; to be fickle and
unsteady,
WHIF'FLE, 7-. t. To disperse with a puff; to scatter.
WHIF FLE, 71. Anciently, a fife or small flute.
WHIF'FLER, n. I. One v.'ho whiffles or frequently changes
his opinion or course ; one who uses shifts and evasions ic
argument. 2. A harbinger ; perhaps one who blows the
horn or trumpet. 3. A young man who goes before a
company in London, cm occasions of public solemnity.
Cyc.
WHIF'FLING, ppr. Shifting and turning ; prevaricating ,
shuffling.
WHIF'FLING, n. Prevarication.
WHIG, n. [Sax. hwmg. See Whey,] Acidulated whey,
sometimes mixed with buttermilk and sweet herbs ; used
as a cooling beverage. [Local.]
WHIG, ?i. [origin uncertain.] One of a political party
which had its origin in England in the seventeenth cen-
tury, in the reign of Charles I. or II. Those who sup-
ported the king in his high claims, were called tories, and
the advocates of popular rights were called whigs. Du-
ring the revolution in the United States, the friends and
supporters of the war and the principles of the revolution
were called whigs, and those who opposed them were
called tories and royalists.
WHIG'GAR-CHY, n. Government by whigs. [Cant.] Swift.
WHIG'GISH, a. Pertaining to whigs; partaking of the
principles of whigs. Swift.
WHIGGISM, )(. The principles of a whig. Swift.
WHILE, n. [Sax. hwile ; Goth, hweila ; G. weil ; Dan.
hvile.] Time ; space of time, or continued duration. —
Worth ichile, worth the time which it requires ; worth
the time and pains ; hence, worth the expense.
WHILE, adv. 1. During the time that. 2. As long as
Watts. 3. At the same time that. Pope.
WHILE, V. t. [W. gwylaw ; Den. hviler ; Sw. hvila.] To
while away, as time, in English, is to loiter; or, more
generally, to cause tkne to pass away pleasantly, without
irksomeness.
WHILE, V. i. To loiter. Spectator.
t WHiL'ERE, adv. [ichile and ere.] A Uttle while ago.
V^'HlLING, j?;jr. Loitering; passing time agreeably, with-
out impatience or tediousness.
WHILK, w. A shell. See Wheek.
fWril'LOM, acff. [Sax. hwilon.] Formerly; once; of old.
Spenser.
WHILST, adv. The same as while, which see. Whiles is
not used.
WHIM, 71. [Ice. hicima : W. g7cim.] 1. Properly, a sudden
turn or start of the mind ; a freak ; a fancy ; a capricious
notion. 2. A low wit; a cant word.
WHIM'PER, r. i. [G. wimmern.] To cry with a low,
whining, broken voice ; as, a child whimpers. Locke.
WHIM'PER-ING, ppr. Crving with a low, broken voice.
WHIxM'PER-ING, 7i. A low, muttering cry.
WKIM'PLED, a word used by Shakspeare, is perhaps a
mistake for whimpered. There is no such word.
WHIM'SEY, n. A whim; a freak ; a capricious notion ; as,
the whimseys of poets. Swift.
WHIM'SEY, V. t. To fiU with whims. Beaumont and
Fletcher.
WHIM'SI-CAL, a. Full of whims ; freakish ; having odd
fancies; capricious. Addison.
WHIM'SI-€AL-LY, adv. In a whimsical manner ; freak-
ishlv.
WHIM'SI-€AL-NESS, n. Freakishness ; whunsical dis-
position ; odd temper.
WHI]Nr-WHAM, 71. [a ludicrous reduplication of ichim.]
A plaything ; a toy ; an odd device ; a strange fancy.
WHIN, n. [In W. gwyn is a weed ; L. genista spinosa.]
Gorse ; furze ; a plant of the genus ulez. Lee.
WIirN'-AX, 77. [rchin and axe.] An instrument used for
extirpating whin from land. Cyc.
WHIN'BREL, or WHIM'BREL, 71. A bird resembling the
curlew. Diet. J\''at. Hist.
WHIN'-CHAT, 71. A bird, a species of warbler.
WHINE, V. t. [Sax. wanian and cwanian ; Goth, hwainon ,
» See Synopsis A, E, T, O, V, ^', long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD;— f Obsolete.
WHI
925
WHI
Ban liviver ^ To express murmurs by a plaintive cry j to
moan with a puerile noise 3 to murmur meanly.
VVHIXE, n. A plaintive tone ; the nasal, puerile tone of
mean complaint ; mean or affected complaint. Rowe.
WBlX ER, n. One who whines.
WHiX'IXG, -ppr. Expressing murmurs by a mean, plain-
tive tone or ctrnt.
VVHIN'XY, V. i. [L. hinnio.] To utter the sound of a horse ;
to neigh.
WHi:\^Vr, a. Abounding in whins. JVicolson and Burn.
WHIXO€, 71. [G.wenig.] The small pig of a litter. JVew
Englaiid.
WHIN'-STONE, 71. [whin and stone ; Scot, qukyn-stane.]
Whin-stone or whin is a provincial name given to basal-
tic rocks, and applied by miners to any kind of dark-col-
ored and hard, unstratified rock, which resists the point
of the pick.
WHIN-YaRD, n. A sword ; in contempt. Hudihras.
WHIP, V. t. [Sax. hweopan ; D. icippen, zweepen; Dan.
vipper.] 1. To strike witli a lash or sweeping cord. 2. To
sew slightly. 3. To drive with lashes. 4. To punish
with the whip. 5. To lash with sarcasm. 6. To strike 3
to thrash 3 to beat out, as grain, by striking. — To whip
about or raund, to wrap 3 to inwrap. J\Ioxon. — To ichip
out, to draw nimbly 3 to snatch.— J'o whip from, to take
away suddenly. — To whip into, to thmst in with a quick
motion. — To whip up, to seize or take up with a quick
motion.
WHIP, V. i. To move nimbly 3 to start suddenly and run 5
or to turn and run.
WHIP, n. [Sax. hweop.] 1. An instrument for driving
horses or other teams, or for correction, consisting of a
lash tied to a handle or rod. — 2. In ships, a small tackle,
used to hoist light bodies.— TFhip and spur, with the ut-
most haste.
WHIP-eORD, 71. Cord of which lashes are made.
WHIP'-GRAFT, V. t. To graft by cutting the cion and
stock in a sloping direction, so as to fit each other, and by
inserting a tongue on the cion into a slit in tlie stock.
WHIP-GRAFT-IXG, n. The act or practice of grafting by
cutting the cion and stock with a slope, to fit each other,
&c. Encyc.
WHIP -HAXD, n. Advantage over. Dryden.
WHIP -LASH, 71. The lash of a whip. Tusser.
WHIPPED, pp. Struck with a whip 5 punished 3 inwrap-
ed 3 sewed slightly.
WHIP' PER, n. One who ^hi'^s ; particularly , an. officer
who inflicts the penalty of legal whipping.
WHIP'PER-SXAP PER, n. A diminutive, insignificant
person. Brockett.
WHIP PIXG, ppr. Striking with a whip 3 punishing with
a whip ; inwrapping.
WHIP'PIXG, n. The act of striking with a whip, or of
piinishins ; the state of beins whipped.
WHIP PIX~G-PoST, n. [irhipping and post.'] A post to
which offenders are tied when whipped.
WHIP'PLE-TREE, n. [ichip and tree ; but qu. is it not
whiffle-tree ?] The bar to which the traces or tugs of a
harness are fastened, and by which a carriage, a plough, a
harrow or other implement is drawn.
WHIP'PO-WIL, n. The popular name of an American
bird, so called from its note, or the sounds of its voice.
[Xot tchip-poor-will.]
WHIP-SAW, 71. A saw to be used by two persons.
WHIP-STaFF, 71. [ichip and staff.] In ships, a bar by
which the rudder is turned.
WHIP STER, n. A nimble fellow. Prior.
A'HIP'-STITCH, v. t. [ichip and stich.] In agriculture, to
haJf-plou2h or to rafter land.
WHIP -STOCK, 7!. [whip and stock.] The rod or staff to
wliich the lash of a whip is fastened.
WHIPT, pp. of whip ; sometimes used for lohipped.
WHiR, V. i. To whirl round with noise 3 to fly with noise.
WHlR, V. t. To hurry.
WHIRL, V. t. [Sax. hicyrfan : D. wervelen : G. wirieln :
Dan. hvirveler.] To turn round rapidly 5 to turn with
velocity.
WHIRL, V. i. 1. To be turned round rapidly , to move
round with velocity. 2. To move hastily. Drvden.
WHIRL, n. [G. icirbel ; Dan. hvirvel.] 1. A turning Avith
rapidity or velocity 5 rapid rotation or circumvolution 3
quick gyration. 2. Any thing that moves or is turned
with velocity, particularly on an axis or pivot. 3. A hook
used in twisting. — 4. In botany, a species of inflorescence,
consisting of many subsessile flowers surrounding the
stem in a ring. Jlartyn.
WHiRL'-BAT, 7i. [ichirl and bat.] Any thing moved
with a whirl as preparatory for a blow, or to augment the
force of it.
WHIRL -BLAST, 72. A whiriing blast of wind.
WHIRL'-BOXE, n. [whirl and bone.] The patella 3 the
cap of the knee 3 the kneepan. Ainsicorth.
WHIRLED, ;?;>. 1. Turned round with velocity.— 2. In bot-
any, growing in whirls 3 bearing whirls 3 verticillate.
WHiRL'I-GIG, 7J. [whirl and gig.] 1. A toy which chil
dren spin or whirl round.— 2. In militarxj antiquities, an
instrument for punishing petty offende'rs, as sutlers,
brawling women, <fcc.3 a kind of wooden cage turni)ig on
a pivot, in which the oflender was whirled round with
great velocity.
W HiRL'IXG, j>pr. Turning or moving round with velo-
city.
WHiRL'IXG-Ta-BLE, 7i. A machine contrived to exhibit
and demonstrate the principal laws of gravitation, and
of the planetary motions in curvilinear orbits.
t WHiRL'-PIT, 71. A whirlpool.
WHiRL'POOL, 71. [whirl and pool.] An eddy of water ;
a vortex or gulf where the water moves round in a circle
W^I'tRL W'lXD, n. [whirl and wind.] A violent wind
moving in a circle, or rather in a spiral form, as if moving
round an axis.
WHIR-RAW'. SeeHooRA.
WHiR RING, n The sound of a partridge's or pheasant s
wings.
WHISH, V. i. To become silent. J^Torth of England.
WHISK, 7!. [G., D. wisch.] 1. A small bunch of grass*
straw, hair or the like, used for a brush 3 hence, a brush or
small besom. 2. Part of a woman's dress ; a kind of tippet.
WHISK, V. t. 1. To sweep, brush cr wipe with a whisk
2. To sweep along 3 to move nimbly over the ground.
WHISK, V. i. To luove nimbly and with velocity.
WHISK' ER, n. Long hair growing on the human cheek.
WHISK'ERED, a. Formed into whiskers 3 furnished with
Wilis kers.
WHISK'ET, 71. A basket. [Local.]
W^HlSK'iXG, ppr. Brushing 3 sweeping along 3 moving
witli velocity along the surface,
WHISKY, n. [Ir. uisge, water, whence usquebaugh; W.
wysg.] A spirit distilled from grain.
WHIS'PER, v. i. [Sax. hicisprian ; Dan. hvisker ; Sw.
hviska.] 1. To speak with a low, hissing or sibilant
voice. 2. To speak with suspicion or timorous caution
3. To p.ot secretly 3 to devise mischief.
WHISPER, V. t. 1. To address in a low voice. 2. To ut-
ter in a low, sibilant voice. 3. To prompt secietly.
WHIS'PER, 7(. 1. A low, sof^, sibilant voice 3 or words ut-
tered with such a voice. 2. A cautious or timorous speech.
3. A hissing or buzzing sound.
WHISPERED, pp. Uttered in a low voice 3 uttered with
suspicion or caution.
WHIS'PER-ER, 7^ 1. One who whispers. 2. A tattler
one who tells secrets 3 a conveyer of intelligence secretly
3. A backbiter 3 one who slanders secretly. Prov. xvi.
WHIS PER-IXG, ppr. Speaking in a low voice 5 telling se-
cretly , backbiting.
WHIS PER-IXG, 71. The act of speaking with a low voice 5
the telling of tales, and exciting of suspicions 3 a back-
biting.
W"HIS'PER-IXG-LY, adv. In a low voice.
WHIST, a. [Corn, huist.] Silent3 mute; still 3 not speak-
ing ; not making a noise. Milton.— Whist is used for be
silent. Whist, ichist, that is, be silent.
WHIST, ?i. A game at cards, so called because it requires
silence or close attention.
WHISTLE, (whis 1) v. i. [Sax. hwistlan ; Sw. hvissla ;
Dan. hvidsler.] I. To utter a kind of musical sound, by
pressing the breath through a small orifice formed by con •
tracting the lips. 2. To make a sound with a small wind-
instrument. 3. To sound shrill, or like a pipe.
WHIS'TLE, V. t. I. To form, utter or modulate by whis-
tling. 2. To call by a whistle.
WHIS'TLE, n. [Sax. hwistle : L.. fistula.] 1. A small wind
instrument. 2. The sound made by a small wind instru-
ment. 3. Sound made by pressingthe breath through a
small orifice of the lips. 4 The mouth 3 the organ of
whistling 3 [vulgar.] 5. A small pipe, used by a boat-
swain to summon the sailors to their duty ; the boat-
swain's call. 6. The shrill sound of winds passing among
trees or through crevices, fcc. 7. A call, such as sports-
men use to their dogs.
WHISTLED, pp. Sounded with a pipe 3 uttered in a
whistle.
WHIS TLE-FISH, 71. A local name of a species of gadits,
with onlv two fins on the back.
WHIS'TLJER, /;. One who whistles.
W^HIS'TLIXG, ppr. Uttering a musical sound through a
small orifice of the lips 3 sounding with a pipe 3 makiiig a
shrill sound, as wind.
WHIS'TLY, adv. Silently.
WHIT, n. \_Sa.x. wiht.] A point 3 a jot 5 the smallest part
or particle'imaginable.
WHITE, a. rSax. hwit ; Sw. hvit ; Dan. hvid ; D. wit : G.
wetss.] 1. 'Being of the color of pure snow 5 snowy 3 not
dark. 2. Pale ; destitute of color in the cheeks, or of the
tinge cf blood color. 3. Having the color ol purity ;
pute 3 clean 5 free from spot. 4. Gray 3 hs, white hmr.
5. Pure 5 unblemished. — 6. In a Scriptural se/i^e, purified
from sin ; sanctified, Ps. li.
* .<?ee Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE -€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 3 TH as in thig. \ Olnjlete
WHI
926
WHO
WHITE, n. 1. One of the natural colors of bodies, but not
stvictly a color, for it is said to be a composition of all the
colors ; destitution of all stain or obscurity on the surface ;
whiteness. 2. A white spot or thing ; the mark at which
an arrow is shot.— fVhite of the eye, that part of the ball
oi" the eye surrounding the iris or colored part. — White of
an egg. the albumen, or pellucid, viscous fluid, which
sui rounds the vitellus or yelk.
WHITE, V. t. To make white ; to whiten ; to whitewash.
VVhlTE'-BAIT, n. A very small, delicate fish.
WHITE'-BeAM, n. The white-leaf-tree. Lee.
WHiTE-BEaR, 71. [white and bear.] The bear that in-
habits the polar regions.
WHITE'-BRANT, n. A species of the duck kind.
WHiTE'-BUG, n. An insect of the bug kind.
WHiTE'-€AM'PI-ON, n. A nernicious perennial weed.
WHirE'-€AT'ER-PIL-LAR,''7i. An insect.
WHlTE'-CE?^'TAU-RY, n. An annual weed in woods.
WHlTE'-€Lo-VER, n. A small species of perennial clo-
ver, bearing white flowers.
WHiTE'-€ROr, n. White crops, in agriculture, are such
as become white in ripening, as wheat.
WHiTE'-DAR'NEL, n. A troublesome weed.
WHiTE'-eAR, or WHiTE'-TaIL, n. A bird, the faUow-
finch.
WHITE -FACE, or WHITE'-BLAZE, n. A white mark
in the forehead of a horse, descending almost to the
nose.
WHITE'-FILM, n. A white film growing over the eyes
of sheep.
WHiTE'-FOOT, n. A white mark on the foot of a horse.
WHITE'-H6N'EY-SU€-KLE, n. A name sometimes giv-
en to the white clover. Cyc.
WHITE'-HORSE-FISH, n. In ichthyology, the raia
fullonica of Linne.
WHiTE'-LAND, n. A name which tho English give to a
tough, clayey soU, of a whitish hue when dry.
WHlTE'-LEAD, n. A carbonate of lead, much used in
painting. D. Olmsted.
WHiTE'-LiMED, a. Whitewashed, or plastered with
lime.
WHiTE'-LlNE, 71. Among printers, a void space, broader
than u?ual, left between lines.
WHITE'-LIV'ERED, a. 1. Having a pale look ; feeble ;
cowardly. 2. Envious ; malicious.
WHiTE'-iMAN'GA-NESE, n. An ore of manganese ; car-
bonated oxydized manganese.
WHiTE'-MeAT, 71. [white and meat.] Meats made of
milk, butter, cheese, eggs and the like. Svenser.
WHiTE'-POP'LAR, n. A tree of the poplar kind.
WHiTE'-POP'PY, n. A species of poppy.
WHiTE'-POT, 71. [white and pot.] A kind of food made
of milk, cream, eggs, sugar, &c. baked in a pot. King.
WHiTE'-PRE-CIP I-TATE, n. Carbonate of mercury.
WHiTE'-PY-Ri'TES, n. An ore of a tin-white color.
WHiTE'-RENT, n. In Devon and Cornwall, arent or duty
of eight pence, payable yearly by every tinner to the
duke of Cornwall, as lord of the soil.
WHITE'-SALT, 71. Salt dried and calcined ; decrepitated
salt.
WHiTE'STER, n. A bleacher. [Local.]
WHiTE'STONE, 71. In geology, a species of rocks.
WHTTE'-SWELL-ING, n. A svveUing or chronic enlarge-
ment of the joints, circumscribed, without any alteration
in the color of the skin, sometimes hard, sometimes
yielding to pressure, sometimes indolent, but usually
painful.
WHiTE'-TaIL, n. A bird, the wheat-ear.
WHiTE'-THORN, n. A species of thorn.
WHiTE'-THRoAT, n. A small bird. Linne.
WHITE'-VIT'RI-OL, 71. Sulphate of zink. Cyc.
WHiTE'WASH, 71. 1. A wash or liquid composition for
whitening something ; a wash for making the skin fair.
2. A composition of lime and water, used for whitening
the plaster of walls, &c.
WHITE'WASH, V. t. 1. To cover with a white liquid com-
position, as with lime and water, &c. 2. To make
white ; to give a fair external appearance.
WHlTE'WASHED, pp. Covered or overspread with a
white liquid composition.
WHiTE'WASH-ER, n. One who whitewashes the walls
or plastering of apartments.
WHiTE'WASH-ING, ppr. Overspreading or washing with
a v/hite liquid composition.
WHITE'-WA-TER, n. A disease of sheep.
WfllTE'-WAX, n. Bleached wax.
WHiTE'-WlNE, n. Any wine of a clear, transparent color,
bordering on white, as' Madeira, Lisbon, &c.
WHiTE'WOOD, 71. A species of timber-tree growing in
N. America,* the liriodendron, or tulip-tree. Mease.
WHlTED, pp. Made white ; whitened.
t WHITE'LY, adv. Coming near to white. Shak.
WHIT'EN, (hwi'tn) v t. To make white ; to bleach ; to
blanch.
WHIT'EN, V. t. To grow white; to turn or become
white.
WHiT'ENED,pjj. Made white; bleached.
WHiT'EN-ER, n. One who bleaches or makes white.
WHlTE'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being white; white
color, or freedom from any darkness or obscurity on the
surface. 2. Paleness; want of a sanguineous tinge in
the face. 3. Purity ; cleanness ; freedom from stain or
blemish.
WHITES, 71. The fluor albus, a disease of females.
WHITH'ER, adv. [Sax. hwyder.] 1. To what place, in-
terrogatively. 2. To what place, absolutely. 3. To
which place, relatively. 4. To what point or degree. 5.
Whithersoever.
WHITH'ER-SO-EV'ER, adv. To whatever place.
WHiT'ING, 71. [from white.] 1. A small sea fish. C-yc.
2. The same as Spanish white, which see.
WHiT'ISH, a. Somewhat vvhite ; white in a moderate de-
gree. Bovle.
WHlT'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being somewhat
white. Boyle.
WHIT'LEATH-ER, n. Leather dressed with alum, remark-
able for its toughness. Chapman.
WHIT'LoW, 71. [Sax. hwit, white, and low, a flame. Q,u.j
1. In surgery, paronychia, a swelling or inflammation
about the nails or ends of the fingers, or affecting one or
more of the phalanges of the fingers, generally tormina
ting in an abscess. — 2. In sheep, the whitlow is a disease
of the feet, of an inflammatory kind.
WHIT'LoW-45RASS, 71. 1. Mountain knot-grass. Cyc
2. A name given to certain species of draba. Lee.
WHIT'SOUR, 71. A sort of apple.
1 WHIT'STEE, 71. A whitener ; a bleacher. Shak.
WHIT'SUL, 71. A provincial name of milk, sour milk,
cheese-curds and butter. Carew.
WHIT'SUN, a. Observed at Whitsuntide. Shak.
WHIT'SUN-TlDE, «. [white, Sunday and tide.] The
feast or season of Pentecost ; so called, it is said, because,
in the primitive church, those who had been newly bap-
tized appeared at church between Easter and Pentecost
in white garments. Ctjc.
WHIT'TEN-TREE, n. A sort of tree. Ainsworth.
WHIT'TLE, n. [Sax. hwitel, hwitle.] 1. A small pocket
knife. 2. A white dress for a woman.
WHIT'TLE, v. t. 1. To pare or cut off the surface of a
thing with a small knife. 2. To edge ; to sharpen ; [obs.]
WHi'TY-BROWN, a. Of a color between white" and
brown. [Local in England.] Pegge.
WHIZ, V. t. [allied to hiss.] To make a humming or hiss-
ing sound, like an arrow or ball flying through the air.
WHIZ, 71. A hissing sound.
WHIZ'ZING, ppr. Making a humming or hissing sound.
WHO, (hoo) pron. relative. [Sax. hwa ; D. wie ; L. qui ; Fr.
que.] 1. Who is a pronoun relative, always referring to
persons. 2. Which of many. 3. It is much used in ask-
ing questions ; as, icho art thou ? 4. It has sometimes a
disjunctive sense. — 5. Whose is of all genders ; as, whose
book is this ? — As icho should say, elliptically for as one
who should say. Collier.
WHc5-EV'ER, proTi. [who and ever.] Any one without ex-
ception ; any person whatever.
WHOLE, (hole) a. [In Sax. walg, onwalg ; D. heel, geheel ;
G. heil ; Sw. hel ,- Dan. heeL] 1. All ; total ; containing
the total amount or number, or the entire thing ; as, the
ichole earth. 2. Complete ; entire ; not defective or im-
perfect ; as, a whole orange. 3. Unimpaired ; unbroken :
uninjured. 4. Sound ; not hurt or sick. 5. Restored tc
health and soundness ; sound ; well.
WHOLE, 71. 1. The entire thing ; the entire or total as-
semblage of parts. 2. A system ; a regular combination
of jiarts. Pope.
WHoLE'SALE, n. [whole and sale.] 1. Sale of goods by
the piece or large quantity ; as distinguished from retail
2. The whole mass.
WHoLE'SALE, a. 1. Buying and selling by the piece or
quantity. 2. Pertaining to the trade by the piece or
quantity.
WHoLE'SoME, a. [whole and some ; G. heilsam.] 1.
Tending to promote health ; favoring health ; salubrious ;
as, wholesome air. 2. Sound ; contributing to the health
of the mind ; favorable to morals, religion or prosperity.
3. Useful ; salutary ; conducive to public happiness, virtue
or peace. 4. That utters sound words. 5. Kindly;
pleasing. — Wholesome ship, a ship that will try, hull and
ride well. Diet.
WHoLE'SoME-LY, adv. In a wholesome or salutary
manner; salubriously.
WHoLE'SoME-NESS, n. 1. The quality of contributing
to health; salubrity. 2. Salutariness ; conducive>nes.s to
the health of the mind or of the body politic.
WIloL'LY, adv. 1. Entirely ; completely ; perfectly. 2
Totally ; in all the parts or kinds. Addison.
WHOM, (boom.) The objective of who, coinciding with the
L quern and quam.
SM Synopsis A, E, I O, U, Y, long.—FKH, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY;— PIN, MARINE, BtRDj— f Obsolete
WID
927
WIL
WHOM-SO-EV'ER, "pron. [whom and soever.] Any
without exception.
tWHOO'BUB, for huhbub. Skak.
WHOOP, (hoop). [This is the same as hoop, but aspirated ;
Goth, loopyan ; Sax. hweopan.] 1. A shout of pursuit.
2. A shout of war ; a particular cry of troops when ihey
rush to the attack. 3. The bird called hoopoe or upupa.
WHOOP, u.i. To shout with a particular voice. Shak.
WHOOP, V. t. To insult with shouts. Dryden.
WHOOT, (hoot) V. i. See Hoot.
WHOP, ?i. [the vulgar pronunciation of wAa^ or flwAap.] A
sudden fall, or the suddenness of striking in a fall.
WHORE, ^(h5re) n. [Sax. hor-cwen, hore-woman ; Sw. ho-
ra, hor-kuna ; Dan. hore, hore-kone ; G, hure ; D. Acer.]
A harlot ; a courtesan ; a concubine ; a prostitute.
WHORE, V. I. To have unlawful sexual commerce ; to
practice lewdness.
WHORE, V. t. To corrupt by lewd intercourse. [L. u.]
WHoRE'DoM, (hore'dum) n. 1. Lewdness ; fornication ;
practice ot unlawful commerce with the other sex. — 2. In
Scripture, idolatry ; the desertion of the worship of the
true God for the worship of idols.
WHoRE'MAS-TER, n. One who practices lewdness.
WHoRE'M6N-GER, n. The same as whoremaste".
WHoRE'SoN, n. A bastard ; used in contempt. Shak.
WHoR'ISH, a. Lewd; unchaste; addicted to unlawful
sexual pleasures : inccntinent.
WHoR'ISH-LY, adv. In a lewd manner.
WHoR'ISH-NESS, n. The practice of lewdness ; the char-
acter of a lewd woman. Hale.
wggSfeJs-w— •
WHoRT, n. The fruit of the whortleberry ; or the shrub.
WH6R'TLE-BER-RY, n. [Sax. heort-berg.] A plant or
shrub and its fruit, of the genus vacciniuni.
WH5SE, (hooz). The possessive or genitive case of who
or 2ohich ; applied to persons or things.
WHOSE-SO-EV'ER, pron. [whose and soever.] Of any
person whatever. John xx.
fWHO'SO, ( hoo'so) ^ron. Any person whatever.
WHO-SO-EV'ER, 2>roK. [who, so and ever.] Any one; any
person whatever.
WHUR, V. i. To pronounce the letter r with too much
force.
WHUR, 71. Thesound of a body moving through the air
with velocity. See Whir.
WHURT, 71. A whortlebeny or bilberry See Whokt
t^^'HY, adv. [Sax. hwi, and 'for hwi, or for hwig, for why.
So pourquoi, in French, is the same ; pour, and L. quid,
quod, for what.] 1. For what cause or reason, interroga-
tively. 2. For which reason or cause, relatively. 3. For
what reason or cause ; for which ; relatively. 4. It is
used, sometimes, emphatically, or rather as an expletive.
WHy'NOT, n. A cant word for violent and peremptory
procedure. Hudibras.
WI, from the Gothic weiha, signifies holy. It is found in
some names, as in Wibert, holy-bright, or bright-holy.
WI€, WICK, a termination, denotes jurisdiction, as in
bailiwick. Its primary sense is a village or mansion, L.
vicus ; Sax. wic, or wye ; hence it occurs in Berwick, Har-
wich, JVorwich, &c. It signifies also a bay or a castle.
Oibson.
WI€K, n. [Sax. weoc ; Sw. veke ; Ir. buaic] A number of
threads of cotton or some similar substance, loosely twist-
ed into a string, round which wax or tallow is applied,
and thus forming a candle or torch.
WI€K'ED, a. [Sw. vika, to decline, to err ; Sax. wican, to
recede, to slide, to fall away.] 1. Evil in principle or
practice ; deviating from the divine law ; addicted to vice ;
sinful ; immoral. 2. A word of slight blame. 3. Curs-
ed ; baneful ; pernicious ; [obs.] — The wicked, in Scripture,
persons who live in sin.
WI€K'ED-LY, adv. In a manner or with motives and de-
signs contrary to the divine law ; viciously ; corruptly ;
immorally.
WI€K'ED-NESS, n. Departure from the rules of the divine
law ; evil disposition or practices ; immorality ; crime ;
sin ; sinfulness ; corrupt manners.
WI€K'EN, \ n. The sorbus aucuparia, mountain-
WI€K'EN-TREE, \ ash, or roan-tree.
WI€K'ER, a. [Dan. vien, probably contracted from vigen.]
Made of twigs or oziers ; as, a wicker basket.
WI€K'ET, n. [Fr, guichet ; W. gwiced.] A small gate
WI€K'LIFF-ITE, n. A follower of WickliflTe.
WID'DY. See Withy.
WIDE, a. [Sax. wid, wide ; D. wyd ; G. zoeit ; Dan. vid.]
1. Broad ; havmg a great or considerable distance or ex-
tent between the sides ; opposed to narrow ; as, wide
cloth. 2. Broad ; having a great extent each way. 3.
Remote ; distant. 4. Broad to a certain degree.
WIDE, adv. 1. At a distance ; far. 2. With great extent;
used chiefly in composition ; as, wide-skirted meads.
WiDE'LY, adv. 1. With great extent each way. 2. Very
much ; to a great distance ; far.
WTD'ENjU. t. To make wideor wider ; to extend in breadth
WiD'EN, V. i. To grow wide or wider ; to enlarge ; to ex-
tend itself. Pope.
WiD'ENED, pp. Made wide ; extended in breadth.
WiDE'NESS, n. 1. Breadth ; width ; great extent between
the sides. 2. Large extent in all directions.
WiD'EN-ING, ppr. Extehding the distance between the
sides ; enlarging in all directions.
WID'GEOJSI, 71. A fowl of the duck kind.
WID'oW, n. [Sax. wideio ; G. wittwe ; D. weduwe ; Dan
vidue ; L. vidua. ] A woman who has lost her husband by
death. Lx(,ke ii.
WID'oW, V. t. 1. To bereave of a husband ; hut rarely
■used except in the participle. 2. To endow with a wid
ow's right ; [unusual.] 3. To strip of any thing good.
WID'OW-BENCH, n. [widow and bench.] In Sussex, that
share which a widow is allowed of her husband's estate,
besides her jointure.
WlDoWED, pp. I. Bereaved of a husband by death. 2
Deprived of some good; stripped. Philips.
WID'oW-ER, n. A man who has lost his Wife by death.
WID'oW-HOOD, 71. 1. The state of being a widow. 2
Estate settled on a widow ; [obs.] Shak.
WID'oW-HUNT'ER, 7i. [icidow and hunter.] One who
seeks or courts widows for a jointure or fortune.
WID'oW-ING, ppr. Bereaving of a husband ; depriving ;
stripping.
WID'oW-MaK'ER, n. [widoio and maker.] One who
mak^s widows by destroying lives. Shak.
WID'oW- WaIL, n. In botany, a plant. Lee.
WIDTH, n. [from toide ; G. weite ; D. wydte.] Breadth j
wideness ; the extent of a thing from side to side.
WIeLD, v. t. [Sax. wcnldan, waldan ; Goth, ga-waldan.]
1. To use with full command or power, as a thing not too
heavy for the holder to manage. 2. To use or employ
with the hand. 3. To handle ; in an ironical sense. — To
wield the sceptre, to govern with supreme command.
WIeLD'ED, pp. Used with command ; managed.
WIeLD'ING, ppr. Using with power; managing.
WIeLD'LESS, a. Unmanageable. Spenser.
WIeLD'Y, a. That may be wielded; manageable.
Wl'£R-Y, a. 1. Made of wire; having the properties of
wire. 2. [Sax. war, a pool.] Wet ; marshy ; [obs.] Shak.
WIFE, n. ; plu. Wives. [Sax. wif ; D. wyf.] 1. The law-
ful consort of a man ; a woman who is united to a man in
the lawful bonds of wedlock ; the correlative of husband
2. A woman of low employment ; as, strawberry-wi-ces;
lobs.]
WiFE'HOOD, n. State and character of a wife. Beaumont
and Fletcher.
WIFELESS, a. Without a wife ; unmarried. Chaucer.
WiFE'LY, a. Becoming a wife. Dryden.
WIG, in Saxon, signifies war. It is found in oome names.
WIG, 71. [G. week.] 1. A covering for the head, consisting
of hair interwoven or united by a kind of net-work, for-
merly much worn by men. 2. A sort of cake; [obs.]
WIG'EON. See Widgeon.
Wight, n. [Sax. imht y G. wicht ; Goth, waiht.] A being,
a person. Jt is obsolete, except in irony or burlesque.
t WIGHT, a. [Sax. hiccet.] Swift ; nimble. Spenser.
t WlGHT'LY, adv. Swiftly ; rimbly. Spenser.
WfG'WAM, 71. An Indian cabin or hut, so called in jlmer-
ica. It is sometimes written weekioam.
WILD, a. [Sax., D.,G. w^W,•Sw.,Dan.^'^Z<^.] 1. Roving ,
wandering; inhabiting the forest or open field; hence
not tamed or domesticated ; as, a wild boar. 2, Growing
without culture ; as, wild parsnep. 3. Desert ; not inhab-
ited. 4. Savage; uncivilized; not refined by culture
5. Turbulent; tempestuous; irregular. 6. Licentious,
ungoverned. 7. Inconstant ; mutable ; fickle. 8. Inor-
dinate ; loose. 9. Uncouth ; loose. 10. Irregular ; disor-
derly ; done without plan or order. 11. Not well di-
gested ; not framed according to the ordinary rules of rea-
son ; not bemg within the limits of probable practicability ,
imaginary ; fanciful. 12. Exposed to the wind and sea
13. Made or found in the forest. — Wild is prefixed to th4
names of many plants, to distiiiguish them from such of
the name as are cultivated in gardens; as, wila basil
wild olive, &c.
WILD, 71. A desert ; an uninhabited and uncultivated tract
or region ; a forest or sandy desert.
WiLD'FiRE, n. [wild and fire.] 1. A composition of in-
flammable materials. 2. A disease of sheep, attended
with inflammation of the skin ; a kind of erysipelas.
WiLD'-FOVVL, n. Fowls of the forest, or untamed.
WiLD'-GOOSE, 71. [wild and goose.] An aquatic fowl of
the genus anas, the anas anser, a fov/1 of passage. — TVild-
goose chase, the pursuit of something as unlikely to be
caught as the wild-goose. Shak.
WlLD'-H6N-EY, 7i. [jcild and honey.] Honey that is found
in the forest, in hollow trees or among rocks.
WILD'-LAND, n. [wild and land.] 1. Land not cultiva-
ted, or in a state that renders it unfit for cultivation.— 2.
In .America, forest ; land not settled and cultivated.
See Synopsis MOVE, BOpK , DOVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; O as J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
WIL
9^8
WIN
iYILiy-SER-VICE, 71. A plant. Miller.
WlL'DER,v.t. [Ban. vilder.] To lose or cause to lose the
way or track ; to puzzle with mazes or difficulties ; to be-
wilder. Pope.
WIL'UERED, pp. Lost in a pathless tract: puzzled.
W I L'DER-IAG, ppr. Puzzling.
Wiii'UER-NESS, n. [from Kiid.] 1. A desert; a tract of
land or region uncultivated and uninhabited by human
beings, whether a forest or' a wide, barren plain. — In the
Uh.ted States, it is applied only to a forest. — In Scripture.
it is applied frequenily to the deserts of Arabia. 2. The
ocean, 3. A state of disorder ; [obs.'] 4. A wood in a
garden, resembling a forest.
^VILD'ING, n. A wild, sour apple. Mortimer.
WiLD'LY, adv. 1. AVithout cultivation. More. 2. With-
out taraeness. 3. With disorder; with perturbation or
distraction ; with a fierce or roving look. 4. Without at-
tention ; heedlessly. 5. Capriciously ; irrationally ; ex-
travagantly. 6. Irregularly.
WiLD'NESS, 71, 1. Rudeness : rough, uncultivated state.
2. Inordinate disposition to rove ; irregularity of manners.
3. tfavageness ; brutality, 4. Savage state ; rudeness,
5, Uncultivated state, 6. A wandering ; irregularity, 7,
Alienation of mind, 8, Slate of being untamed, 9, The
quality of being undisciplined, or not subjected to method
or rules.
WILDS, 71. Among farmers, the part of a plough by which
it is drawn. \_Local.1
WILE, n. [Sax. toiUi Ice. wul ; W./eZ.] A trick or strat-
agem practiced for insnaring or deception ; a sly, msidi-
ous artifice.
WILE, V. t. To deceive ; to beguile, [i. ?t.] Spenser.
Wi'LT-LY, adv. By stratagem ; with insidious art.
Wi'LI-NESS, n. [from wily.] Cunning ; guile.
WILK, or WIIILK, n. [G. welken, to wither or cause to
wither.] A species of shell. /See Welk.
WILL, n. [Sax. willa ; Goth. 2cilja : D. wil, or icille ; G.
tcille.] 1. That faculty of the iriind by which we deter-
mine either to do or forbear an action ; the faculty which
is exercised in deciding, . among two cr more objects,
which Vv-e shall embrace or pursue. The zcill is directed
or influenced by the judgment. The understanding or
reason compares different objects, wliich operate as mo-
tives; Vae judrrment determines which is preferable, and
the icill decides which to pursue. 2. Choice ; determina-
tion. 3. Choice; discretion; pleasure. 4. Command;
direction. 5. Disposition ; inclination ; desire. 6. Pow-
er ; arbitrary disposal. 7. Divine determination ; moral
purpose or counsel. 8. Testament; the disposition of a
man's estate, to take effect after his death. — Good-will. 1,
Favor ; kindness, Shak. 2, Right intention, Pliil. i. —
Ill-will, enmitj , unfriendliness. It expresses less than
malice. — To have one^s will, to obtain what is desired, — At
will. To hold an estate at the will of another, is to enjoy
the possession at his pleasure, — Will with a wisp,i-d.ck
with a lantern ; ignis fatuus,
WILL, V. t. [Sax. willan ; Goth, inilyan ; D. willen ; G.
wollen ; Svv. vilja ; Dan. ville ; L. volo, velle ; Fr. vou-
loir ,• It. volerc.] 1. To determine ; to decide in the
mind that something shall be done or forborne ; implying
power to carry the purpose into effect. 2. To command ;
to direct. 3. To be inclined or resolved to have. 4. To
wish ; to desire. 5. To dispose of estate and effects by
testament. 6. It is sometimes equivalent to may be. 7.
fVill is used as an auxiliary verb, and a sign of the future
tense. It has different significations in different persons.
1. / will go, is a present promise to go ; and with an em-
phasis on will, it expresses determination, 2. Thov icilt
go, you will go, express foretelling; simply stating an
event that is to come. 3, He will go, is also a foretelling.
The use of will in the plural is the same. We will, prom-
ises ; ye will, they loill, foretell.
WILLED, fp. 1. Determined ; resolved ; desired. 2. Dis-
posed of by will or testament.
WILL'ER, n. One who wills.
WILL'FUL, a. 1. Governed by the will without yielding
to rsason ; obstinate ; stubborn ; perverse ; infiexible. 2.
Stubborn ; refractory ; as, a willful horse.
WILL'FUL-L ]^ , adv. 1. Obstinately; stubbornly, 2, By
design ; with set purpose,
WILL'FUL-NESS, n. Obstinacy ; stubbornness ; perverse-
ness, Perkins.
WILL'ING, ppr. 1. Determining ; resolving ; desiring. 2.
Disposing of by will.
WILL'ING, a. [Sw., Dan. TjiZZJo-,] 1. Free to do or grant ;
having the mind inclined ; disposed ; not averse. 2.
Pleased ; desirous, 3, Ready ; prompt. 4. Chosen ; re-
ceived of choice or without reluctance. 5. Spontaneous.
6. Consenting.
WILL'ING-HEART'ED, a. Well-disposed ; havhig a free
liCtirt, I[lx, XXXV.
WILE'ING-LY, adv. 1. With free-will ; without reluct-
ance ; cheerfully. 2. By, one's own choice.
WILL'ING-NESS, n. Free choice or consent of the will :
freedoni from reluctance ; readiness of the mind.
WIL'LoW, 71. [Sax. welig ; D. wilge.] A tree of the genui
salix._ There are several species of willow.
WIL'LoW ED, a. Abounding with wil'ows. Collins.
WlL'LoW-GALL, n. A protuberance on the leaves of
willows, Cyc.
WIL'LoW-HERB, n. The purple loose-strife, a plant
WIL'LoW-ISH, a. Like the color of the willow.
WIL'LoW-TUFT-ED, a. Tufted with willows.
WILLoW-WEED, n. A name sometimes given to the
smart-weed or persicaria. Cyc.
WIL'LOW-WORT, n. A plant. Miller.
WIL'LoW-Y, a. Abounding with willows. Gray.
WIL'SoME, a. Obstinate ; stubborn.
WILT, V. i. [G., D. welken.] To begin to wither ; to lose
freshness and become flaccid, as a plant when exposed to
great heat in a dry day, or when first separated from its
root,
WILT, V. t. 1. To cause to begin to wither ; to make flac-
cid, as a green plant. 2. To cause to languish; to de-
press or destroy the vigor and energy of. Dwight.
WILT'ED,pp. Having become flaccid and lost its fresh
ness, as a plant.
WILT'ING, ppr. Beginning to fade or wither,
Wi'LY, a. Cunning ; sly ; using craft or stratagem to ac-
complish a purpose ; subtil,
WIM'BLE, n. [W, guimbill.] An instrument for boring
holes, turned by a handle,
t WIM'BLE, a. Active; nimble. Spenser.
WIM'BREL, 71. A bird of the curlew kind. Cyc.
t WIM'PLE, n. [G. wimp el ; Ban. vimpel.] A hood or
vail.
t WIM'PLE, V. t. To draw down, as a vail. Spenser.
WIN, V. t. : pret. and pp. won. [Sax. winnan; D. winnen ;
G. gewinnen ; Sw. vinna.] 1. To gain by success in com-
petition or contest. 2. To gain by solicitation or court-
ship. 3. To obtain ; to allure to kindness or compliance.
4. To gain by persuasion or influence.
WIN, ?). ^ To gain the victory. Milton. — 1, To win upon,
to gain favor or influence. Dryden. 2. To gain ground. —
To tcin of, to be conqueror. Skak.
WiNCE, V. i. [Fr. guinche/r ; W. gwing ,• gwingaw.] 1. Tc
shrink, as from a blow or from pain ; to start back. 2.
To kick or flounce when uneasy, or impatient of a rider ;
as, a horse winces.
WIN'CER, n. One that winces, shrinks or kicks.
WINCH, n. [Sax. wince ,- Fr. guincher.] A windlass ; or
an instrument with which to turn or strain something
forcibly.
t WINCH, 71., A kick of a beast, impatient of the rider, or
of pain. Shelto7i.
WINCH, V. i. To wince ; to shrink ; to kick with impa-
tience or uneasiness.
WINCHING, or WIN'CING, ppr. Flinching ; shrinking ;
kicking.
WIN'CO-PIPE, 71. The vulgar name of a little flower, that,
when it opens in the morning, bodes a fair day.
*WIND, n. [Sax., D,, G. 7««rf ,• Sw., Dan, ^•i^<Z.] 1. Air
in motion with any degree of velocity, indefinitely ; a
current of air. When the air moves moderately, we call
it a light wind, or a breeze ; when with more velocity, we
call it a fresh breeze, and when with violence, we call it
a gale, storm or tempest. The word gale is used by the
poets for a moderate breeze, but seamen use it as equiva-
lent to storm.— 2. The fowr icinds, the cardinal points of
the heavens. S.JDirection of the wind from other points
of the compass than the cardinal, or any point of com-
pass ; [obs.] Heijlin. 4. Breath ; power of respiration. 5.
Air in motion from any force or action ; as tlie 7cind of a
cannon ball. 6. Breath modulated bv the organs or by an
instrument. 7. Air impregnated with scent. 8. Any
thing insignificant or light as wind. 9. Flatulence ; air
generated in the stomach and bowels. ]0. The name
given to a disease of sheep, in which the intestines are
distended with air, or rather affected with a violent in-
flammation. C7/C. — Down the wi7id, decaying; declining,
in a state of decay ; [obs.] — To take or have the wind, to
gain or have the advantage, — To take wind, or to get wiwl
to be divulged ; to become public, — In the wmd''s eye, in
seamen^s language, towards the direct point from which
the wind blows, — £etwse7i wind and water, denoting that
part of a ship's side or bottom which is frequentl-y brought
above water by the rolling of the ship, or fluctuation of
the water's surface, — Trade wind, a wind that blows con-
stantly from one point, such as the tropical wind in the
Atlantic.
WIND'-DROP-SY, n. [wind and dropsy.] A swelling of the
belly from wind in the intestines ; tympanites.
WIND'-EGG, 7?. [wind and egg.] An addle egg.
WIND'-FALLEN, a. Blown down by the wind.
WIND'-FLOW-ER, 7i. A plant, the anemone.
WIND'-FUR-NACE, n. A furnace in which the air is sui>-
plied by an artificial current, as from a bellows.
• Sm Synopsis ,A, E, I O, U, ■?, long.— FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;
t Obsolete
WIN
929
WIN
WIND'-GA6E, iu [wind and gage.] An instrument for as- |
certaining the velocity and force of wind. Cyc.
WIND'-GALL, n. [vxind and gall.] A soft tumor on the
fetlock joints of a horse.
WIND -GUN, n. An air gun 3 a gun discharged by the
force of compressed air.
WIND'-HATCH, n. In mimng, the opening or place
where the ore is taken out of the earth.
WIND'-H6V-ER, n. A species of hawk ; called, also, the
stannel, but more usually the kestrel. Cyc.
WIND'-IN-STRU-MENT, n. An instrument of music,
played by wind, chiefly by the breath ; as a flute.
*WIND'P1PE, n [wind and pipe.] The passage for the
breath to and tiom the lungs 3 the trachea.
WIND'-PUMP, 71. [wind and pump.] A pump moved by
wind, useful in draining lands. Cyc.
WIND'-RODE, n. A term used by seamen to signify a
ship when riding with wind and tide opposed to each
other, driven to the leeward of ner anchor.
WIND' -SAIL, 71. A wide tube or funnel of canvas, used to
convey a stream of air into the lower apartments of a ship.
WIND-SH0€K, n. A sort of bruise or shiver in a tree.
WIND'-TlGHT, a. [wind and tight.] So tight as to prevent
the passing of wind. Hall.
WIND' WARD, 71. [wind and ward.] The point from which
the wind blows j as, to ply to the windward.
WIND'WARD, a. [wind and ward.] Being on the side to-
wards the point from which the wind blows.
WiND'WARD, adv. Towards the wind.
WIND'Y, a. 1. Consisting of wind. 2. Next the wind. 3.
Tempestuous; boisterous. 4. Puffy 3 flatulent; abound-
ing with wind. 5. Empty ; airy.
WIND, v.t.; pret. and ^^. wound. [Sax. windan j G., D.
winden.] 1. To blow 3 to sound by blowing or inflation.
2. To turn 3 to move, or cause to turn. S. To turn
round some fixed object ; to bind, or to form into a ball or
coil by turning. 4. To introduce by insinuation. 5. To
change 3 to vary. 6. To entwist ; to enfold ; to encircle.
Shak. 7. [With i short, as in win.] To nose 3 to perceive
or to follow by the scent 3 as, hounds wind an animal.
8. To ventilate 5 to expose to the wind 3 to winnow. — To
wind off, [with i long,] to unwind. — To wind out, to ex-
tricate. — 1. To wind up, to bring to a small compass, as a
ball of thread. Locke. 2. To bring to a conclusion or set-
tlement. 3. To put in a state of renovated or continued
motion. 4. To raise by degrees. 5. To straiten, as a
string 5 to put in tune. 6. To put in order for regular ac-
tion.
Wind, v. i. 1. To turn 3 to change. 2. To turn around
something. 3. To have a circular direction. 4. To
crook ; to bend. 5. To move round. — To wind out, to be
extricated 5 to escape. Milton.
WIND'AGE, 71. [Sp. viento.] The difference between the
diameter of a piece and that of a ball or shell.
WIND'BOUND, a. [wind and bound.] Prevented from sail-
ing by a contrary wind. Mar. Diet.
WIND ER, v. t. To fan 3 to clean grain with a fan. [Local.]
WIND'ER-MEB, 71. A bird of the gall kind.
WIND'FALL, u. [loiitd and fall.] 1. Fruit blown off" the
tree by wind. 2. An unexpected legacy.
WIND'i-NEtorf, n. 1. The state of being windy or tempest-
uous. 2. Fullness of wind 3 flatulence. 3. Tendency to
generate wind. 4. Tumor 3 puffiness.
WIND'LAS, or WIND'LASS, n. 1. A machine for raising
great weights. 2. A handle by which any thing is turned 5
[obs.] Shak.
'^IN'DLE, 71. A spindle ; a kind of reel.
WIND'-MILL, 71. A mill turned by the wind.
WIND'RoW, 71. [wind and row.] 1. A row or line of hay,
raked together for the purpose of being rolled into cocks
or heaps. 2. The green border of a field, dug up in order
to carry the earth on other land to mend it. 3. A row of
peats set up for drying ; or a row of pieces of turf, sod or
sward, cut in paring and burning. Cyc.
WIND'SEED, 71. A plant of the genus arctolis.
WiND'ER, 71. One who winds.
WIND'ING, ppr, 1. Turning 3 binding about 3 bending.
2. a Bending 5 twisting from a direct line or an even
surface.
WIND'ING, 71. 1. A turn or turning; a bend 3 flexure 5
meander. 2. A call by the boatswain's whistle.
WiND'ING-EN'GlNE, 71. An engine employed in mining,
to draw up buckets from a deep pit. Cyc.
WiND'ING-SHEET, n. [winding and sheet.] A sheet in
which a corpse is wrapped. Bacon.
WlND'ING-TAOKLE, 71. A tackle consisting of one fixed
triple block, and one double or triple movable block.
t WIND'LACE, \ V. i. To go warily to work 3 to act indi-
t WIND'LASS, \ rectly. Hammond.
WIND'LESS, a. Wanting wind ; out of breath. Fairfax.
WIN'DLE-STRAW, 71. A reed ; a stalk of grass 3 a small,
slender straw. "JVortA of England.
WIND oW, n. [Dan. vindue ; Sp. ventana.] 1. An open-
ing in the wall of a building for the admission of light.
WI
and of air when necessary. 2. An aperture or openmg
3. The frame or other thing that covers the aperture. 4
An aperture 3 or rather the clouds or water-spouts. 5
Lattice or casement 3 or the network of wire used before
the invention of glass. 6. Lines crossing each otJier.
WIND'oW, V. t. 1. To furnish with wmdows. Pope. 2.
To place at a window j [unusual.] 3. To break into
openings 3 [unusual.]
WIND'OW-BLIND, n. [window and blind.] A blind to in-
tercept the light of a wmdow.
WIND'oW-FRAME, n. [window and frame.] The frame
of a window which receives and holds the sashes.
WIND'OW-GLASS, n. Panes of glass for windows.
WIND'oW-SASH, n. [window and sash ] The sash or
light ftame in which panes of glass are set for windows.
WIND'oW-Y, a. Having little crossings like the sashes of
a window. Donne.
WINE, 71. [Sax. win; G. wein ; D. wyn ; Sw., Dan. vin
Russ. vino; L. vinum ; It., Sp. vino; Fr vin.] 1. The
fermented juice of grapes. 2. The juice of certain fruits,
prepared with sugar, spirits, &c. 3. Intoxication. 4.
Drinking.
WiNR'-BlB-BER, 74. One who drinks much wine 3 a great
drinker. Prov. xxiii.
WiNE'-€aSK, n. [wine and cask.] A cask in which wine
is or has been kept.
WiNE'-FLY, 71. A small fly found in empty wine casks.
WiNE'-GLXSS, 71. [wine and glass.] A small glass in
which wine is drank.
WiNE'LESS, a. Destitute of wine 3 as, wineless life.
WiNE'-MEAS-URE, 71. [See Measure.] The measure by
which wines and other spirits are sold, smaller than beer
measure.
WiNE'-MER-CHANT, n. A merchant who deals in
wines.
WINE'-PRESS, n. A place where grapes are pressed.
WING, 71. [Sax. gehiDing ; Sw., Dan. vinge.] 1. The limb
of a fowl by which it flies. 2. The limb of an insect by
which it flies. — 3. In botany, the side-petal of a papiliona-
ceous coral 3 also, an appendage of seeds. 4. Flight ;
passage by the wing. 5. Means of flying 3 acceleration.
6. Motive or incitement of flight. 7. The flank or ex-
treme body or part of an army. 8. Any side-piece. — 9.
In gardening, a side-shoot. — 10. In architecture, a side-
building, less than the main edifice. — 11. In fortification,
the longer sides of horn- works, crown-works, &c. — 12 Id
a fleet, the ships on the extremities, when ranged in a
line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle. — 13. In
a ship, the wings are those parts of the hold and orlop
deck, which are nearest the sides. — 14. In Scripture, pro-
tection 3 generally in the plural. Ps. Ixiii.
WING, V. t. 1. To furnish with wings 5 to enable to fly or
to move with celerity. 2. To supply with side bodies.
3. To transport by fljght. — To wing a flight, to exert the
power of flying.
WINGED, pp. 1. Furnished with wings 3 transported by
flying. 2. a. Having wings. 3. Swift 3 rapid. 4.
Wounded 5 hurt.— 5. In botany, furnished with longitu-
dinal, membranous appendages. — 6. In heraldry, repre-
sented with wings, or having wings of a diflTtrent color
from the body. 7. Fanned with wings 3 swarming with
birds.
W^NG'ED-PeA, 71. A plant. Miller.
WING'-FOOT-ED, a. [wing and foot.] Swift 3 moving
with rapidity 3 fleet. Drayton.
WING'LESS, a. Having no wings ; not able to ascend or
fly-
WING'-SHELL, n. [wing and shell.] The shell that covers
the wing of insects.
WING'Y, a. Having wings 3 rapid ; as, wingy speed.
WINK, V. i. [Sax, wincian ; D. wenken ; G. winken ; Sw.
vinka; Dan. mTi&cr.j 1. To shut the eyes 5 to close the
eyelids. 2. To close and open the eyelids. 3. To give a
hint by the motion of the eyelids. 4. To close the eye-
lids and exclude the light. 5. To be dim. — To wink at,
to connive at ; to seem not to see 3 to tolerate 3 to over-
look, as something not perfectly agreeable.
WINK, 71. 1. The act of closing the eyelids. 2. A hint
given by shutting the eye with a significant cast.
WINK'ER, 71. One who winks. Pope.
WINK'ING, ppr. Shutting the eyes 3 shutting and opening
the eyelids ; hinting by closing the eye 3 conniving at
overlooking.
WINK'ING-LY, ad7}. With the eye almost closed.
WIN'NER, 71. [from win.] One who gams by success in
competition or contest.
WIN'NING, ppr. [from win.] 1. Gaining by success in
competition or contest. 2. a. Attracting 3 adapted to gain
favor 5 charming.
WIN'NING, n. The sum won or gained by success in com-
petition or contest.
WIN'NoW, V. t. [L. evanno ; D., G. wannen.] I. To sep-
arate and drive off the chaff from grain by means of wind.
2. To fan ; to beat, as with wings. 3. To examine 3 to
I
* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett^
WIR
930
WIT
sift for the purpose of separating falsehood from truth. 4.
To separate, as the bad from the good.
WIN'NoW, V. i. To separate chaff from com. Ecclus.
VVIN'NoWED, 2}p- Separated from the chaff by wind ;
sifted £ examined.
WIJf'NoW-ER, n. One who winnows.
WIN'NoW-ING, ppr. Separating from the chaff by wmd ;
examining.
f WIN'SoME, a. [Sax winsum.] Merry ; cheerful.
WIN'TER, 71. [Sax., G., D., Sw., Dan. wijiter.j 1. The
cold season of the year. — Astronomically considered, winter
commences in northern latitudes when the sun enters
Capricorn, or at the solstice about the 21st of December,
and ends at the equinox in March ; but in ordinary dis-
course, the three winter months are December, January
and February. 2. The part of a printing press which sus-
tains the carriage.
WIN'TEE, V. i. To pass the winter.
WIN'TER, V. t. To feed or manage during the winter.
WIN'TER-AFPLE, n. [winter and apple.] An apple that
keeps well in winter.
WIN'TER-BAR'LEY, n. [winter and barley.] A kind of
barley which is sowed in autumn.
WIN'TER-BeAT-EN, a. [winter and beat.] Harassed by
the severe weather of winter. Spenser.
WIN'TER-BER-RY, n. [winter and berry.] A plant.
WIN'TER-BLOOM, n. [winter and bloom.] A plant.
WIN'TER-CHER'RY, n. [winter and cherry.] A plant of
the genus physalis, and its fruit. Lee.
WIN'TER-CIT'RON, n. A sort of pear.
WIN'TER-€RESS, n. [winter and cress.] A plant.
WIN'TER-€R0P, n. A crop which will bear the winter,
or which may be converted into fodder during the winter.
■"VIN'TER-PAL'LoW, m. [winter and falloio.] Ground
that is fallowed in winter.
WIN'TER-GAR'DEN, n. [winter and garden.] An orna-
mental garden for winter.
WIN'TER-GREEN, n. A plant of the genus pyrola.
WIN'TER-KILL, v.t. [winter and kill.] To kill by means
of the weather in winter. JVew England.
VYIN'TER-KILL, v.i. To be killed by the winter.
WIN'TER-KILLED, pp. Killed by the winter, as grain.
WIN'TER-KILL-ING, ppr. Killing by the weather in
winter.
WIN'TER-LODGE, ) n. In botany, the hybernacle
WIN'TER-LODG'MENT, \ of a plant, which protects
the embryo or future shoot from injuries during the
winter.
WIN'TER-PEaR, n. [winter and pear.] Any pear that
keeps well in winter.
WIN'TER-aUAR'TERS, n. The quarters of an army
during the winter ; a winter residence or station.
WIN'TER-RIG, V. t. [winter and rig.] To fallow or till in
winter. [Local.]
WlN'TER-ciOL'STtCE, n. The solstice of the winter,
which takes place when the sun enters Capricorn, De-
cember 21st.
WIN'TERED, pp. Kept through the winter.
WIN'TER-ING, ppr. Passing the winter ; keeping in winter.
WIN'TER-LY, a. Such as is suitable to winter. [L. ji.]
Shalt
WIN'TER-Y, a. Suitable to winter; brumal; hyemal ;
cold ; stormy. Dry den.
Wl'NY, a. Having the taste or qualities of wine.
WIPE, V. t. [Sax. loipian.] 1. To rub with something soft
for cleaning ; to clean by rubbing. 2. To strike off gently.
3. To cleanse from evil practices or abuses ; to overturn
and destroy what is foul and hateful. 4. To cheat ; to
defraud. — To wipe away, to cleanse by rubbing or tersion.
— To wipe off, to clear away.— T'o wipe out, to efface ; to
obliterate.
WIPE, n. 1. The act of rubbing for the purpose of cleaning.
2. A blow ; a stroke L< A gibe ; a jeer ; a severe sar-
casm. 4. A bird.
Wiped, pp. Rubbed for cleaning; cleaned by rubbing;
cleared away ; effaced,
W^lP'ER, n. 1. One who wipes. 2. The instrument used
for wiping.
WiP'ING, ppr. Rubbing with a cloth or other soft thing for
cleaning; clearing away ; effacing.
WIRE, n. [Sw. vir ; Ice. wijr.] A thread of metal ; any
metallic substance drawn to an even thread.
WIRE, V. t. To bind with wire ; to apply wire to, as in
bottling liquors.
WiRE'DRAW, V. t. [wire and draw.] 1. To draw a metal
»uto wire',' which is done by drawing it through a hole in
a plate of steel. 2. To draw into length. 3. To draw by
art or violence. 4. To draw or spin out to great length
and tenuity.
WIRE'DRAW^ER, n. One who draws metal into wire.
WIRE'DRAW-ING, ppr. 1. Drawing a metal into whe.
2. Drawing to a great length or fineness.
WiRE'DRAWN, ^ Drawn into wire ; drawE out to great
length-or fineness
WTRE'-GRATE, n. A grate or contrivance of fine wire-
work to keep insects out of vineries, hot-houses, (&c.
WiRE'-HEBL, n. [wire and heel.] A defect and disease in
the feet of a horse or other beast. Cyc.
WiRE'-WoRM, 71. [wire and worm.] A mischievous worm
that sometimes injures grain.
WiR'Y, a. Made of wire; like wire.
t WIS, V. t. ; pret. wist. [G. wissen ; D. weeten.] To think :
to suppose ; to imagine. Spenser.
WIS'ARD. See Wizard.
WIS'DoM, n. [Sax. ; wise and dom ; G. weisheit; D. wys-
heid; Sw. visdom, and' vishet; Dan. visdom, or viisdom.
1. The right use or exercise of knowledge ; the clioice
■J
Jaudable ends, and of the best means to accomplish them.
Wisdom, or practical wisdom, is nearly synonymous with
discretion. It differs somewhat from prudence, in this re-
spect ; prudejice is the exercise of sound judgment in
avoiding evils ; wisdom is the exercise of sound judgment
either in avoiding evils or attempting good. — 2. In Scrip-
ture, human learning ; erudition ; knowledge of arts and
sciences. 3. Quickness of intellect ; readiness of appre-
hension ; dexterity in execution. 4. Natural instinct and
sagacity. Job xxxix. — 5. In Scripture theology, wisdom is
true religion; godliness; piety. Ps. xc. 6. Profitable
words or doctrine. Ps. xxxvii.
Wise, a. [Sax. wis, wise; G. weise ; D. wys ; Sw.vis;
Ban. viis.] 1. PropeHi/, having knowledge"; hence, hav-
ing the power of discerning and judging correctly, or of
discriminating between what is true and what is faise ;
between what is fit and proper, and what is improper ; as,
a wise prince. 2. Discreet and judicious in the use or
application of knowledge ; choosing laudable ends, and
the best means to accomplish them. 3. Skillful ; dex-
trous. 4. Learned; knowing. 5. Skilled in arts, science,
philosophy, or in magic and divination. 6. Godly ; pious.
Prov. xiii. 7. Skilled in hidden arts ; a sense somewhat
ironical. 8. Dictated or guided by wisdom ; containing
wisdom; judicious; well adapted to produce good effects;
applicable to things ; as, a wise saying. 9. Becoming a
wise man ; grave ; discreet ; as, wise deportment.
Wise, n. [Sax. wise ; G. loeise ; D. wtjs ; Sw. vis.] Man-
ner ; way of being or acting. Spenser. In the foregoing
form, this word is obsolete. The use of it is now very limit-
ed. It is common in the following phrases .- 1. In any wise :
2. On this wise .- 3. In no wise. — It is used in composition,
as in likewise, otherwise, lengthwise, &c.
WlSE'A-€RE, ?i. [more correctly wisesfl^-er ; G.weissager.]
One who makes pretensions to great wisdom ; hence, in
contempt, a simpleton ; a dunce. Addison.
WiSE'-HEaRT-ED, a. [wiseand heart.] Wise; knowing;
skillful. Ex. xxviii.
WiSE'LING, n. One who pretends to be wise. Donne.
WiSE'LY, adv. 1. Prudently; judiciously; discreetly,
with wisdom. 2. Craftily ; with art or stratagem.
t WiSE'NESS, n. Wisdom. Spenser.
WISH, V. i. [Sax. iciscan ; Cimbric, oska.] 1. To have a
desire, or strong desire, either for what is or is not sup-
posed to be obtainable. It usually expresses less than
long ; but sometimes it denotes to long or wish earnestly.
2. To be disposed or inclined. 3. It sometimes partakes
of hope or fear.
WISH, V. t. 1. To desire. 2. To long for ; to desire eagerly
or ardently. 3. To recommen-d by wishing. 4. To im-
precate. 5. To ask ; to express desire.
WISH, n. 1. Desire ; sometimes, eager desire. Job xxxiii.
2. Desire expressed. 3. Thing desired. — The difference
between wish and desire seems to be, that desii-e is direct-
ed to what is obtainable, and a wish may be directed to
what is obtainable or not. Kames.
WISHED, pp. Desired ; or ardently desired.
t WISH'ED-LY, adv. With longing ; wishfully. Mirror
for Magistrates.
WISH'ER, n. One who desires ; one who expresses a wish.
WISH'iPUL, a. 1. Having desire, or ardent desire. 2
Showing desire. 3. Desirable ; exciting wishes ; [bad."^
WISH'FIIL-LY, fl^^v. 1. With desire or ardent desire. 2.
With the show of desiring.
WISH'ING, ppr. Desiring.
t WISH'LY, adv. According to desire. Knolles.
WISK'ET, n. A basket. Ainsworth.
WISP, 71. [Dan. visk.] A small bundle of straw or other
like substance.
t WIST, pret. of icis.
WIST'FUL, a. Full of thoughts ; earnest; attentive,
WiST'PtJL-LY, adv. Attentively ; earnestly. Hudibras.
WIS 'TIT, n. The striated monkey. Cuvier.
t WIST'LY, adv. Earnestly. Shak.
WIT, V. i. [Sax., Goth, witan, D. weeten, G. wissen, to
know.] To know. This verb is used only m the infini
live, to wit, namely, that is to say. [L. videlicet, i. e.
WIT, n. [Sax. ?oit, or ge-wit; G. witz ; Dan. vid.] 1. Prl
marily, the intellect ; the underdtanding or mental pow-
ers. 2. The association of ideas in a manner natural, but
See Synopsis Z, 3, T, O, t!, "?, l(mg.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ,— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obaaleie
WIT
931
WOA
unusual and striking, bo as to produce surprise joined
with pleasure. 3. The faculty of associating ideas in a
new and unexpected manner. 4. A man of genius. 5. A
man of fancy or wit. 6. Sense j judgment. 7. Faculty
of the mind. 8. Wits, in the plural, soundness of mind ;
intellect not disordered ; sound mind. 9. Power of in-
vention ; contrivance ; ingenuity.
WITCH, n. [Sa.x. wicca.] 1. A woman who, by compact
with the devil, practices sorcery or enchantment. 2. A
woman who is given to unlawful arts. 3. [Sax. wic] A
winding, sinuous bank ; [obs.] Spenser.
WITCH, V. t. To bewitch ; to fascinate j to enchant. Shak.
WITCH'CRAFT, n. [witch and craft.] 1. The practices of
witches ; sorcery ; enchantments ; intercourse with the
devil. 2. Power more than natural
WITCH'-ELM, 71. A kind of elm. Scott.
WITCH'ER-Y, n 1. Sorcery ; enchantment. 2. Fascina-
tion.
WI TCH'-HA-ZEL, n. 1. A species of elm. Cyc. 2. The
hop-hornbeam, {carpinus ontrya.) Lee.
t WIT'-€RA€K-ER, w. [wit and cracker.} One who breaks
jests ; a joker. Shak.
fWIT'-CRAFT, n. Contrivance 5 invention.
f WITE, V. t. [Sax. witan.] To reproach ; to blame.
f WITE, 7t. Blame ; reproach.
fWlTE'LESS, a. Blameless. Spenser.
WIT'-FISH, n. [D. witvisch.] An East Indian fish.
WITH, prep. [Sax. with.] I. By, noting cause, instrument
or means. 2. On the side of, noting friendship or favor.
3. In opposition to ; in competition or contest. 4. Noting
comparison. 5. In company. 6. In the society of. 7.
In connection, or in appendage. 8. In mutual dealing or
intercourse. 9. Noting confidence. 10. In partnership.
11. Noting connection. 12. Immediately after. 13.
Among. 14. Upon. 15. In consent, noting parity of
state. — With, in composition, signifies for the most part
opposition, privation ; or separation, departure.
WITH, or WITHE, n. [Sax. withiff.] 1. A willow twig.
2. A band consisting of a twig, or twigs twisted.
WITH-AL', adv. \with and all.] I. With the rest; to-
gether with ; likewise ; at the same time. 2. It is some-
times used for with.
WIT H-DRAW, V. t. {with diT\A draw.] 1. To take back ;
to take from. 2. To recall ; to cause to retire or leave ; to
call back or away.
WITH-DRAW, v.i. To retire; to retreat; to quit a com-
pany or place.
WITH-DRAW'ER, n. One who bereaves. Outred.
WITH-DRAW'ING, ppr. Taking back; recalling; re-
tiring.
WITH-DRA WING-ROOM, n. A room behind another
room for retirement ; a drawing-room. Mortimer.
WITH-DRAW'MENT, n. The act of withdrawing or tak-
ing back; a recalling. Ch. Obs.
WITH-DRAWN', pp. of withdraw. Recalled; taken
back.
WXTH'ER, V. i. [W. gwiz ; Sax. gewitherod.] 1. To fade ;
to lose its native freshness ; to become sapless ; to dry.
2. To waste ; to pine away, as animal bodies. 3. To lose
or want animal moisture.
WITH'ER, V. t. 1. To cause to fade and become dry. 2.
To cause to shrink, wrinkle and decay, for want of ani-
mal moisture.
WITH'ER -BAND, n. Apiece of iron laid under a saddle
near a horse's withers, to strengthen the bow.
WIT H'ERED, pp. Faded : dried ; shrunk.
WITH'ER-ED-NESS, n. The state of being withered.
WITH'ER-ING, ppr. Fading ; becoming dry.
WITH'ER-ITE, n. In mineralogy, a carbonate of barytes.
WITH'ER-NAM, n. [Sax. wither and naman.] In wither-
nam, in law, a second or reciprocal distress, in lieu of a
first distress which has been eloigned ; reprisal.
WITH'ERS, n. The juncture of the shoulder bones of a
horse, at the bottom of the neck.
WITH'ER-WRUNG, a. Injured or hurt in the withers, as
a horse. Cyc.
WITH-HELI)', pret. and pp. of withhold.
WITH-HoLD', V. t. ; pret. and pp. withheld, [with and
hold.] 1. To hold back ; to restrain ; to keep from action.
2. To retain ; to keep back ; not to grant.
WiTH-HoLD'EN, pp. The old participle of wit A/ioZ<Z; now
obsolete. We use withheld.
WIT H-HoLD'ER, n. One that withholds.
WITH-HoLD'ING, ppr. Holding back; restraining; re-
taining ; not granting.
WITH-IN', prep. [Sax. withinnan.] 1. In the inner part.
2. In the limits or compass of; not beyond ; used of place
and time. 3. Not reaching to any thing external. 4, In
the compass of; not longer ago than. 5. Not later than.
6. In the reach of. 7. Not exceeding. 8. In the heart or
confidence of; [inelegant.] 9. In the house ; in any in-
closure.
WlTH-IN', adv. 1. In the inner part; inwardly; inter-
nally. 2. In the mind.
WITH-IN'SIDE, at^Tj, [within and side.] In the inner par..
[Bad.] Sharp.
WITH-OUT', pre}}. [Sax. withutan ; with and out.] 1. Not
with. 2. In a state of destitution or absence from. 3. In
a state of not having, or of destitution. 4. Beyond ; not
within. 5. Supposing the negation or omission of. 6
Independent of; not by the use of. 7. On the outside of.
8. With exemption from. 9. Unless; except. In this
sense, it has been classed among adverbs, but is truly a
preposition, followed by a member of a sentence, instead
of a single noun. This use of without is nearly superseded
by unless and except, among good writers and speakers ;
but is common in popular discourse or parlance.
WITH-OUT', adv. 1. Not on the inside ; not within 2.
Out of doors. 3. Externally ; not in the mind.
fWITH-OUT'EN, for withoutan, the Saxon word. Spenser
WITH-STAND', v. t. [with and stand.] To oppose ; to re-
sist, either with physical or moral force.
WITH-STaND'ER, n. One that opposes ; an opponent; a
resisting power. Raleigh.
WITH-STAND'ING, por. Opposing; making resistance.
WITH-VTNE )
WITH-WINE I """ ^ ^"^^^ name for the couch-grass. Cyc,
WITH'WrND,'?!. A plant. [L. convolvulus.]
WITH'Y, n. [Sax. withig.] A large species ol
WITH'F, a. Made of withs ; like a with; flexible and
WIT'LESS, a. [wit and less.] 1. Destitute of wit or under-
standing ; inconsiderate ; wanting thought. 2. Indiscreet ;
not under the guidance of judgment.
WIT'LESS-LY, adv. Without the exercise of judgment
t WIT'LESS-NESS, n. VVant of consideration. Sir E. San-
dys.
WlT'LING, n. [dim. from wit.] A person who has little
, wit 01 understanding ; a pretender to wit. Pope.
WIT'NESS, n. [Sax. witnesse.] 1. Testimony ; attestation
of a fact or event. 2. That which furnishes evidence or
proof. 3. A person who knows or sees any thing ; one
personally present. 4. One who sees the execution of an
instrument, and subscribes it for the purpose of confirm-
ing its authenticity by his testimony. 5. One who gives
testimony. — With a witness, effectually; to a great de-
gree ; with great force ; [not elegant.]
WIT'NESS, w.t. 1. To see or know by personal presence.
2. To attest; to give testimony to ; to testify to something
3. To see the execution of an instrument, and subscribe
it for the purpose of establishing its authenticity.
WIT'NESS, V. i. 1. To bear testimony. 2. To give evi-
dence.
WIT'NESSED, pp. Seen in person; testified; subscribec!
by persons present.
WIT'NESS-ING, ppr. Seeing in person ; bearing testimony
giving evidence.
t WiT'SNAP-PER, n. One who affects repartee. Shak.
WIT'-STARVED, a. Barren of wit ; destitute of genius.
WIT'TED, a. Having wit or understanding.
WIT'TI-CISM, 71. [from icit.] A sentence or phrase whict
is affectedly witty ; a low kind of wit. Addison.
WIT'TI-LY, adv. 1. With wit ; with a delicate turn or
phrase, or with an ingenious association of ideas. 2. In
geniously ; cunningly ; artfully.
WIT'TI-NESS, 71. The quality of being witty. Spenser.
WIT'TING-LY, adv. [See Wit.] Knowingly ; with
knovi^ledge ; by design. More.
WIT'TOL, 71. [Sax. ft-om witan.] A man who knows his
wife's infidelity and submits to it; a'tame cuckold.
WIT'TOL-LY, adv. Like a tame cuckold. Shak.
WIT'TY, a. 1. Possessed of wit ; full of wit. 2. Judi-
cious ; ingenious ; inventive. 3. Sarcastic; full of taunts
WIT'WALL, n. A bird, the great spotted woodpecker.
t WIT'WoRM, 71. [wit and worm.] One that feeds on wit
t WIVE, v. i. [from wife.] To marry. Shak.
WIVE, V. t. l. To match to a wife. Shak. 2. To take for
a wife ; [06s.] Shak.
tWiVE'HOOD, 7t. Behavior becoming a wife. Spenser.
WiVE'LESS, a. Not having a wife.
WiVE'LY, a. Pertaining to a wife. Sidney.
WIV'Er'iN ( "' ^ ^'"*^ ^^ heraldic dragon. Thynne.
WlVES,pZ7i.' of Wife.
WIZ'ARD, 71. [from wise.] A conjurer ; an enchanter ; a
sorcerer. Lev. xx. Dryden.
WIZ'ARD, a. 1. Enchanting; charming. Co«m5. 2. Haunt
ed by wizards. Milton.
WIZ'EN, V. i. [Sax. wisnian.] To wither ; to dry. [Local.]
WoAD, n. [Sax. wad, or waad ; G. waid, weid; D. ireede.]
A plant of the genus isatis, cultivated for the use of dyers.
WoAD'-MILL, n. A mill for bruising and preparing woad
Wo'BE-GONE, a. [wo, be and gone.] Overwhelmed with
wo ; immersed in grief and sorrow. Fairfax.
WO-Da'NI-UM, n. A metal discovered in a species of
pyrites.
WOE, ) n. [Sax. wa ; li.vm ; Gr. ovai ; W. gwae ; G. wth; D.
WO, \ Toec; Sw.tffi.] 1. Grief; sorrow; misery; a heavy
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete
WON
932
WOO
calamity. 2. A curse. 3. Wo is used in denunciation, and
in exclamations of sorrow ; as, " wo is me." Js. vi. — " Wo
worth the day j" wo be to the day ; Sax. wurthan, weorthan,
or wijrthan, to be, to become.
1 WoE'SoME, (wo'sum) a. Woful, Langhorne.
t WOFT, for loaft. Shak.
Wo'FUL, a. 1. Sorrowful ; distressed with grief or calam-
ity ; afflicted. 2. Sorrowful ; mournful ; full of distress.
3. Bringing calamity, distress or affliction. 4. Wretched ;
paltry.
Wo'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Sorrowfully ; mournfully j in a dis-
tressing manner. 2. Wretchedly ; extremely.
Wo'FUL-NESS, n. Misery ; calamity.
WoLD, in Saxon, is the same as wald and weald, a wood,
sometimes perhaps a lawn or plain. Wald signifies also
power, dominion, from waldan, to rule. These words
occur in names.
WOLF, (wulf ) 71. [Sax. wulf; G., D. wolf.] 1. An animal
of the genus cajiis, a beast of prey that kills sheep and
other small domestic animals ; called sometimes the icild
dog. 2. A small white worm or maggot, which infests
granaries. 3. An eating ulcer.
WOLF'-DOG, n, 1. A dog of a large breed, kept to guard
sheep. 2. A dog supposed to be bred between a dog and
a wolf.
WOLF'-FISH, n. A fierce, voracious fish.
WOLFISH J a. Like a wolf; having the qualities or form
oi a wolf.
WOLF'NET, n. A kind of net used in fishing, which takes
great numbers. Cyc.
WOL'FRAM, n. In mineralogy, an ore of tungsten.
WOLF'S'-BANE, n. 1. A poisonous plant ; aconite. 2.
The winter aconite, or helleborus hyemalis. Lee.
WOLF'S'-€LAW, n. A plant of the genus lycopodium.
WOLF'S-MJLK, 71. An herb. jUnsworth.
WOLF'S-PEACH, 7i. A plant of the genus solanum.
WOL'VER-IN, I n. The glutton, a carnivorous animal
WOL-VER-eNE', i of voracious appetite.
WOLV'ISH, a. More properly wolfish, which see.
WOM'AN, (wum'un) n.;plu. Women, [a compound of
womb and man.] 1. The female of the human race, grown
to adult years. 2. A female attendant or servant.
WOM'AN, V. t. To make pliant. Shak.
fWOM'ANED, a. Accompanied or united with a woman.
WOM'AN-Ha'TER, n. [woman and hater.] One who has
ah aversion to the female sex. Swift.
WOM'AN-HOOD, n. {woman and hood.] The state, charac-
ter fir collective qualities of a woman. Spenser.
t WOM'AN-ISE, V. t. To make efieminate.
WOM'AN-ISH, ft. Suitable to a woman ; having the quali-
ties of a woman ; feminine. Dry den.
WOM'AN-ISH-LY, ado. In the manner of a woman.
Commentary on Chaucer.
WOM'AN-ISH-NESS, n. State or quality of being woman-
ish, Hammond.
WOM'AN-KiND, n. [woman and kind.] The female sex ;
the race of females of the human kind. Addison.
WOM'AN-LY, a. Becoming a woman ; feminine. Donne.
WOM'AN-LY, adv. In the manner of a woman.
WOMB, (woom) n. [Sax, icamb ; Goth, wamba ; Sw. vamb ;
Dan. vom.] 1. The uterus or matrix of a female ; that
part where the young of an animal is conceived and
nourished till its birth. 2. The place where any thing is
produced. 3. Any large or deep cavity.
t WoMB, v. t. To inclose ; to breed in secret. Shak.
WOM'BAT, n. An animal of New Holland. Cyc.
fWOMB'Y, (woom'y) a. Capacious. Sliak.
WOM'EN, (wim'en) n.;plu. of Woman. It is supposed the
word is from Sax. wifman.
Wo'N, pret. and pp. of win ; as, victories won.
t WON, or t WoNE, v. i. [Sax. lounian ; G. wohnen ; D.
woonen.] To dwell ; to abide. Its paiticiple is retained
in wont, that is, waned. Milton.
■f W6N, n. A dwelling. Spenser.
WON'DER, n. [Sax., G, ^nunder ; D. wonder.] I. That
emotion which is excited by novelty, or the presentation,
to the sight or mind, of something new, unusual, strange,
great, extraordinary, or not well understood; something
that arrests the attention by its novelty, grandeur or inex-
plicableness. Wander expresses less than astonishment,
and much less than amazement. It uifFers from admira-
tion, in not being necessarily accompanied with love,
esteem or approbation, nor directed to persons. But won-
der sometimes is nearly allied to astonishment. 2. Cause
of wonder ; that which excites surprise ; a strange thing ;
a prodigy. 3. Any thing mentioned with surprise. 4. A
miracle. Ex. iii.
W6N DER, V. i. [Sax. wundrian.] To be affected by sur-
prise or admiration. Swift.
WoN'DER-ER, n. One who wonders.
W6N'DER-FUL, a. Adapted to excite wonder or admira-
tion ; exciting surprise ; strange 5 astonishing.
W6N'DER-FIJL-LY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder
or surprise. "
WON'DER-FUL-NESS, n. The quality of beuig wonder
ful.
WoN'DER-ING, ppr. Indulging or feeling wonder.
W6N'DER-OUS. See Wondrocs.
WoN'DER-MENT, 71. Surprise j astonishment; a wonder
ful appearance- [Vulgar.]
WON'DER-STRUCK, a. [wonder and struck.] Stnick
with wonder, admiration and surprise. Dryden,
WON'DER-WORK'ING, a. Doing wonders or surprising
things.
WoN'DROUS, a. Admirable ; marvelous ; such as may
excite surprise and astonishment ; strange.
WON'DROUS, adv. In a wonderful or surprising degree .
as, a place wondrous deep. [Burlesque style.]
WoN'DROUS-LY, adv. In a strange or wonderful man
n^r or degree, Glanville.
WoNT, a contraction of woll not, that is, will not.
WONT, a. [wont is strictly the participle passive of ttore,
wone ; Sax. wunian, to dwell, to consist ; G. wohnen,} D
woonen.] Accustomed ; habituated ; using or doing cus-
tomarily.
tWoNT, n. Custom; habit; use. Hooker.
t WONT, V. i. To be accustomed or habituated ; to be used
WoNT'ED,p;7. 1. Accustomed; used. Spenser. 2. Accus-
tomed ; made familiar by use. L'Estrange.
WONT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being accustomed.
fWONT'LESS, a. Unaccustomed; unused. Spenser.
WOO, V. t. [Sax. wogan.] I. To court; to solicit in lov»^,
2. To court solicitously ; to invite with importunity.
WOO, V. i. To court ; to make love. Dryden.
t WOOD, a. [Sax. wod.] Mad ; furious. SpeTiser.
WOOD, n. [Sax. wuda, wudu ; D. woud; W. gwyz^ 1. A
large and thick collection of trees ; a forest. 2. The sub-
stance of trees. 3. Trees cut or sawed for the fire. 4
An idol. Hab. ii.
WOOD, V. i: To supply or get supplies of wood.
WOOD-A-NEM'0-NE, n. A plant. [See Anemone.]
WOOD'-ASH-ES, n. [wood and ashes.] The remains c£
burnt wood or plants.
WOOD'-BiND, ) 71. A name given to the honeysuck?e, a
WOOD'-BINE, \ species of lonicera. Lee.
WgOD'-BOUND, a. [wood and bound.] Encumbered with
tall, woody hedgerows.
WOOD'-CHAT, n. A species of butcher-bird.
WOOD'-CHUK, n. [wood, and chuk, a hog.] The popular
name in Jfew England of a species of the marmot.
WOOD'-CoAL, 71. [wood doai coal.] Charcoal.
WOOD'€0€K, 71. [wood and cocA;.] A fowl.
WOOD'-COCK SHELL, n. A name given by English
naturalists to a peculiar kind of the purpura.
WOOD'-DRINK, n. [wood and drink.] A decoction or
infusion of medical woods.
WOOD'ED, a. Supplied or covered with wood.
W0(3D'EN, a. [from wood.] 1. Made of wood ; consisting
of wood. 2. Clumsy; awkward. Collier.
WOOD-EN-GRaV'ING, n. Xylography ; the art of en-
graving on wood. Cyc.
WpOD'-FRET-TER, n. [wood and fret.] An insect or
worm that eats wood. Ainsworth.
WOOD'-GOD, n. A pretended sylvan deity, Spenser,
WoOD'-HOLE, 71. A place where wood is laid up.
WOOD'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed in which wood is
deposited and sheltered from the weather. United States.
WOOD'ING, ppr. Getting or supplying with wood. Wash-
ington.
WOOD'-LAND, n. 1. Land covered with wood. America
— 2. In England, a soil which, from its humidity and
color, resembles the soil in woods.
WOQD'-LAND, a. Covered v.fith woods ; belonging to the
woods. Dryden.
WOOD'-LARK, 71. A bird, a species of lark.
WOOD'-LaY-ER, n. A young oak or other timber plant,
laid down in a hedge among the white thorn or other
plants used in hedges.
WOOD'LESS, a. Destitute of wood. Mitfard.
W00D'-L0€K, n. In ship-building, a piece of elm, close-
fitted and sheathed with copper, in the throating or score
of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising.
WOOD'-LOUSE, n. An insect, the milleped-
WOOD'LY, adv. Madly. Huloet.
WOOD'MAN, n. 1. A forest-officer, appointed to take care
of the king's wood. Eng. 2. A sportsman ; a hunter. Pope.
WOOD'-MEIL, n. A coarse, hairy stuff made of Iceland
wool, used to line the ports of ships of war. Cyc.
WOOD'-MITE, 7?. A small insect found in old wood.
WOOD'-MON-GER, n. A wood-seller.
WOOD'-MOTE, n. In England, the ancient name of the
forest court ; now the court of attachment.
tWOOD'NESS, 71. Anger; madness; rage. Fisher.
WOOD'-NiGHT-SHADE, n. A plant.
WOOD'-NOTE, n. [wood and note.] Wild music.
WOQD'-NYMPH, 71. [wood and nymph.] A fabled goddess
of the woods ; a dryad. Milton.
WOOD-OF'FER-ING, n. Wood burnt on the altar.
* See Si-nvpsis. A, % I, C, t, Y, long.—FlkVi,, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY .—PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j ObsoleU.
WOR
933
WOR
WQOD'PEeK-ER, n. [wood andpeck.] A bird of the genus
picus, that pecks holes in trees.
WOOD'-Pl6-EON, n. The ring-dove. Ed. Encyc.
WOOD-PU'CE-RON, 71. A small insect of the puceronkind.
WOOD'REVE, 71. [wood and rewe.] In England, the stew-
ard or overseer of a wood.
WOOD'-ROOF, ) n. [wood and roof or ruff.'] A plant of
WOOD'-RUFF, \ the genus asperula. Cyc.
WC)6D'-SA6E, n. [wood and sage.] A plant. Lee.
W66D'-SARE, n. A kind of froth seen on herbs.
WOOD'-SEERE, n. The tune when there is no sap iti a
tree.
"WOOD'-SHOeK, 71. The fisher or wejack, a quadruped.
WOOU'-SOOT, 71. [wood and soot.] Soot from burnt wood,
which has been found useful as a manure.
WgOD'-SOR-REL, n. A plant of the genus oxalis.
WOOD'-SPITE, 71. [icood and spite,] A name given in
some parts of England to the green woodpecker.
WOOD'-STONE, n. A blackish-gray silicious stone.
W06D'-WARD, n. [wood and ward.] An officer of the
forest, whose duty is to guard the woods. England.
WOOD'-WASH, 71. A name applied to dyer's broom.
WOOD'-WAX-EN, n. A plant of the genus genista.
WOOD'-WoRM, n. A worm that is bred in wood.
WOOD'Y, a. 1. Abounding with wood. 2. Consisting of
wood ; ligneous. 3. Pertaining to woods ; sylvan.
WOO'ER, n. One who courts or solicits in love.
WOOF, n. [Sax. weft; Sw. vaf] 1. The threads that
cross the warp in weaving ; the weft. 2. Texture ; cloth.
WOO'ING, ppr. Courting ; soliciting in love.
WOO'ING-LY, adv. Enticingly ; with persuasiveness ; so
as to invite to stay. Shak.
WOOL, (wul) 71. [Sax. wul ; G. wolle; D. wol ; Sw. ull ;
Dan. uld.X 1. That soft species of hair which grows on
sheep and some other animals, which in fineness some-
times approaches to fur. 2. Short, thick hair.— 3. In bot-
any, a sort of pubescence, or a clothing of dense, curling
hairs, on the surface of certain plants.
WOOL'-BALL, 71. A ball or mass of wool found in the
stomach of sheep. Cyc.
WOOL'-€oMB-ER, n. One whose occupation is to comb
wool.
WOOLD, V. t. [D. woelen, hewoelen ; G. wulilen.] To
wind ; particularly, to wind a rope round a mast or yard,
when made of two or more pieces, at the place where
they are fished, for confining and supporting them.
WOOLD'ED, pp. Bound fast with ropes ; wound round.
WOOLD'ER, 71. A slick used in woolding. Mar. Diet.
WOOLD'ING, jj/jr. Binding fast with ropes ; winding lound.
WOOLD'ING, 71. 1. The act of winding, as a rope round
a mast. 2. The rope used for binding masts and spars.
WOOL'-DRlV-ER, n. [wool and driver.] One who buys
wool and carries it to market.
WOOL'EN, a. 1. Made of wool ; consisting of wool. 2.
Pertaining to wool ; as, icoolen manufactures.
WOOL'EN, 71. , Cloth made of wool. Pope.
W06L'EN-DR aP'ER, n. One who deals in woolen goods.
WOOL'FEL, 71. [wool and/eL] A skin with the wool.
WOOL'-GATH-ER-ING, a. An old expression coupled
with wits, and applied to an inattentive, careless person.
Burton.
WOOL'I-NESS, n. The state of being woolly.
WOQL'LY, a. 1. Corvsisting of wool. 2. Resembling
wool. 3. Clothed witl, wool.— 4. In botany, clothed with
a pubescence resembling wool.
WOOL'LY-PAS'TI-NUM, n. A name given in the East
Indies to a species of red orpiment or arsenic. Cyc.
WOOL'PACK, n. [wool and pack.] 1. A pack or bag of
wool. 2. Any thing bulky without weight. Cleaveland.
WOOL'SACK, n. [loool and sack.] 1. A sack or bag of
wool. 2. The seat of the lord chancellor and of the
judges in the house of lords. England.
WOOL'-STa-PLE, ?i. [wool and staple.] A city or town
where wool used to be brought to the king's staple for sale.
WOOL'-STa-PLER, 71. One who deals in wool.
WOOT-'TRADE, 71. [wool and trade.] The trade in wool.
fWOOL'WARD, adv. In wool.
WOOL'-WiND-ER, n. A person employed to wind or
nra'ke up wool into bundles to be packed for sale.
WOOP, 71. A bird. [L. r^ihiciUa.]
WOOS, 71. A plant ; sea-weed.
WOOTS, n. Indian steel, a metallic substance.
WORD, n. [Sax. word, or ivTjrd ; G. wort ; D. looord ; Dan.,
Sw. 07-rf.] 1. An articulate or vocal sound, or a combina-
tion of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human
voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas ; a single
component part of human speech or language. 2. The
letter or letters, written or printed, which represent a
sound or combination of sounds. 3. A short discourse.
4. Talk; discourse. 5. Dispute; verbal contention. 6.
Language; living speech; oral expression. '7. Promise.
8. Signal; order; command. 9. Account; tidings;
message. 10. Declaration ; purpose expressed. 11. Dec-
laration ; affirmation. 12. The Scripture ; divine revela-
tion, or any part of it. This is called the word of God.
13. Christ. John i. 14. A motto ; a short sentence ; a
proverb. Spenser. — .d good word, commendation ; favora-
ble account. Pope. — Jn word, in declaration only. 1
John iu.
WoRDj V. i. To dispute. [Little tised.] L'Estrange.
W6RD, V. t. To express in words. Addison.
W^6RD'-€ATCH-ER, 7). One who cavils at words. Pope.
WoRB'ED, pp. Expressed in words.
t WoRD'ER. n. A speaker. Whitlock.
WoRD'I-NESS, 71. [from wordy.] The state or quality of
abounding with words, .dsh.
W6RD'ING,j?pr. Expressing in words.
WoRD'ING, 71. 1. Theactof expressing in words. 2. The
manner of expressing in words.
I WoRD'ISH, a. Respecting words. Sidney.
t WoRD'ISH-NESS, n. Manner of wording.
WoRD'LESS, a. Not using words ; not speaking ; silent.
WpRD'Y, a. I. Using many words ; verbose. Spectator
2. Containing many words ; full of words. Philips.
WORE, pret. of wear; as, he tcore gloves.
WORE, pret. of ware ; as, they wore ship.
WORK, V. i.; pret. and pp. woriicd, or wrought. [Sax. weor-
can, wircan, wyrcan ; Goth, waurkyan; D. werken ; G.
wirken.] 1. In a gerieral sense, to move, or to move one
way and the other ; to perform. 2. To labor ; to be occu-
pied in performing manual labor, whether severe or mod-
erate. 3. To be in action or motion. 4. To act ; to carry
on operations. 5. To operate ; to carry on business ; to
be customarily engaged or employed in. 6. To ferment.
7. To operate ; to produce efiects by action or influence,
8. To obtain by diligence ; [little used.] 9. To act or
operate on the stomach and bowels, as a cathartic. 10.
To labor ; to strain ; to move heavily. 11. To be tossed
or agitated. 12. To enter by working. — To work on, to
act on; to influence. — To work up, to make way. — To
work totcivdicard, among seamen, to sail or ply against the
wind ; to beat. Mar. Diet.
WORK, V. t. 1. To move; to stir and mix; as, tx) work
mortar. 2. To form by labor ; to mou' J, shape or manu-
facture. 3. To bring into any state by action. 4. To in-
fluence by acting upon ; to manage ; to lead. 5. To make
by action, labor or violence. 6. To produce by action,
labor cr exertion. 7. To embroider. 8. To direct the
movements of, by adapting the sails to the wind. 9. To
put to labor ; to exert. 10. To cause to ferment, as liquor.
— To loork out. 1. To efliect by labor and exertion. 2. To
erase ; to efface ; [obs.] 3. To solve, as a problem. — To
work up. 1. To raise ; to excite. 2. To expend in any
work, as materials.
WORK, n. [Sax. 7ceorc ,• D., G. werk.] 1. Labor ; employ-
ment ; exertion of strength ; particularly, in man, manual
labor. 2. State of labor. 3. Awkward performance. 4.
That which is made or done. 5. Embroidery ; flowers or
figures wrought with the needle. 6. Any fabric or man-
ufacture. 7. The matter on which one is at work. 8.
Action ; deed ; feat ; achievement. 9. Operation. 10.
Effect ; that which proceeds from agency. 11. Manage-
ment ; treatment. 12. That which is produced by men-
tal labor ; a composition ; a book. — 13. Works, in the plu-
ral, walls, trenches and the like, made for fortifications.
— 14. In theology, moral duties or external performances,
as distinct from grace. — To set to work, or to set on icork,
to employ ; to engage in any business. Hooker.
WORKED, pp. Moved ; labored ; performed ; managed ;
fermented.
WORK'ER, n. One that works ; one that performs.
WORK'-FEL-LoW, n. One engaged in the same work
with another. Rom. xvi.
t WORK'-FoLK, n. Persons that labor. Beaumont.
WORK'HOUSE, }n. 1. A house where any manu
WORK'ING-HOUSE, \ facture is carried on.— 2. Gen-
erally, a house in which idle and vicious persons are con-
fined to labor.
WORK'ING, ppr. Moving; operating"; laboring; ferment-
ing.
WORK'ING, n. 1. Motion; the act of laboring 2, Fer-
mentation. 3. Movement; operation.
WORK'ING-DaY, n. [work and day.] Any day of the
week, except the Sabbath.
WORK'MAN, 7t. [work and man.] 1. Any man employed
in labor, whether in tillage or manufactures.— 2. By way
of eminence, a skillful artificer or laborer.
WORK'MAN-LTKE, a. Skillful ; well performed.
WORK'MAN-LY, a. Skillful ; well performed.
WORK'MAN-LY, adv. In a skillful manner ; in a manner
becoming a workman. Tusser.
WORK 'MAN-SHIP, 7!. 1. Blanufacture ; sometmng made,
particularly by manual labor. Ex. xxxi. 2. That which
is effected, made or produced. Eph. ii. 3. The skill of a
workman ; or the execution or manner of makmg any
thing. 4. The art of working.
WORK'MAS-TER, n. [work and master.'' The performer
of any work. Spenser.
* See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH ae in tftis Obsolete
won
934
WOR
W6RK'SHOP, 71. [vwrk and shop.] A shop where any
makiuiaaitre is carried on.
WoKK'WOM-AN, n. A woman who performs any work ;
or one skilled in needle-work. Spenser.
W6RK.IY-DAY, n. [corrupt^ from working-day.] A day
not tlie Sabbath. SJiak.
World, n. [Sax. weorold, woruld ; D. waereld ; Sw. verld.]
1. The universe ; the whole system of created globes or
vast bodies of matter. •2. The earth ; the terraqueous
globe. 3. The heavens. 4. System of beings ; or the
orbs which occupy space; and all the beings which in-
habit them. Heb. xi. 5. Present state of existence. 6. A
secular life. 7. Public life, or society. 8. Business or
trouble of life. 9. A great multitude or quantity. 10.
Mankind ; people in general ; in an indefinite sense. 11.
Couise of life. 12. Universal empire. 13. The customs
and manners of men •, the practice of life. 14. All the
World contains. 15. The principal nations or countries of
the earth. 16. The Roman empire. Scripture. 17. A
large tract of country ; a wide compass of things. 18.
The inhabitants of the earth ; the whole human race.
John iii. 19. The carnal slate or corruption of the earth.
6al. i. 20. The ungodly part of the world. 21. Time ;
as in the phrase, world without end. 22. A collection of
wonders ; "obs.] — In the world, in possibility. — For allthe
world. 1. l^xactly ; [little used.] Sidney. 2. For any
consideration.
WoRLD'LI-NESS, n. A predominant passion for obtaining
the good things of this life ; covetousness ; addictedness
to gain and temporal enjoyments.
WoRLD'LING, n. A person whose soul is set upon gaining
temporal possessions ; one devoted to this world and its
enjoyments.
VVoRLD'LY, a. 1. Secular; temporal; pertaining to this
world or life, in contradistinction to the life to come. 2.
Devoted to this life and its enjoyments ; bent on gain. 3.
Kuman ; common ; belonging to the world.
VVolvLD LY, ad/v. With relation to this life.
WoRLD'LY-MiND-ED, a. Devoted to the acquisition of
property and to temporal enjoyments.
WoRLD'LY-MlND'ED NESS, w. A predominating love
and pursuit of this world's goods, to the exclusion of piety
and attention to spiritual concerns
W6RM, 71. [Sax. wyrin ; G. wurm ; D. worm ; Dan. arm.]
1 In common usage, any small, creeping animal, or rep-
tile, either entirely without feet, or with very short ones,
in<"luding a great variety of animals of different classes
and orders.— 2. In zoology, Che term vermes, or worms,
has been applied to different divisions of invertebral ani-
mals, by different naturalists. 3. Remorse ; that which
incessantly gnaws the conscience ; that which torments.
Mark ix. 4. A being debased and despised. Ps. xxii. 5.
A spiral instrument or iron screw, used for drawing wads
and cartridges from cannon or small arms. 6. Something
spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm ; as, the
threads of a screw. Moxon. — 7. In chemistry and distille-
ries, a spiral, leaden pipe placed in a tub of water,
through which the vapor passes in distillation, and in
which it is cooled and condensed. 8. A small worm-like
ligament, situated beneath a dog's tongue. Cyc.
^6RM, V. i. To v.-ork slowly, gradually and secretly.
^ORM, V. t. 1. To expel or undermine by slowand secret
means. 2. To cut something, called a ivorm, from under
the tongue of a dog. 3. To draw the wad or cartridge
from a gun ; to clean by the worm. 4. To wind a rope
spirally round a cable, between the strands ; or to wind a
smaller rope with spun-yarn. Mar. Diet. — To wond one^s
selfinto^to enter gi-adually by arts and insinuations
W6RM'-eAT-EN, a. [worm and eat.] 1. Gnawed by
worms. 2. Old ; worthless. Raleigh.
t W-'oRM'-eAT-EI^-NESS; n. Stateof being w-irrn-eatsn;
rottennepg.
Wormed, pr>, cleared by a w^rm or f>s5ew
WoRM'-GRASS, 71. A plant of tbs. genus tpigaha.
WoRM'ING, ppr. Entering by insinuzJion: drawing, as a
cartridge ; clearing, as a gun.
WoRM'LiKE, a. Resembling a worm ; spiral ; vermicular.
W^6RM'-POW-DER, n. A powder used for expelling worms
from the stomach and intestines.
WoRM'-SEED, 71. 1. A seed which has the property of
expelling worms. 2. A plant. Lee.
Worm -TINCT'URE, 71. A tincture prepared from earth-
worms dried, pulverized and mixed with oil of tartar,
spirit of wine, saffron and castor.
WoRM'WOOD, n. [Saj wermod ; G. wermuth.] A plant,
the artenus'ia. It has a bitter, nauseous taste.
WoRM'WOOD-FLY, n A small black fly. Cyc.
WoRM'Y, 'fl. 1. Containing a worm; abounding with
worms. 2. Earthy ; groveling.
WoRN, pp. o^wear ; as, a garnient long 7Dorn. — JVor?i out,
consumed or rendered useless bv wearing.
WOR'NIL, 71. A maggot t'nr infests the backs of cows.
WOR'RAL, 71 An aniuiiiJ of the lizard kind.
W6R'R.IED, pp. [from worry.] Harassed ; fatigued.
W6R'RI-ERj n. One that worries or harasses.
WoIi'RY, 7). t. [Sax., werig, werigan,werian.] 1. To tease,
to trouble ; to harass with importunity, or with care and
anxiety. 2. To fatigue , to harass with laboi* ; a popular
sense of the word. 3. To harass by pursuit and barking.
4. To tear; to mangle with the teeth. 5. To vex ; to
persecute brutally.
WoR'RY-ING, ppr. Teasing ; troubling ; harassing ; fa-
tiguing j tearing.
W6RSE, a. [Sax. wmrse, wyrse ; Dan. verre ; Sw. varre.
This adjective has the signification of the comparative
degree, and as bad has no comparative and superlative.
worse and worst are used in lieu of them, although radi-
cally they have no relation to bad.] 1. More evil ; more
bad or ill ; more depraved and corrupt ; in a moral sense
— 2. In a physical sense, in regard to health, more sick.
3. More bad ; less perfect or good. — The worse. 1. The
loss ; the disadvantage. 2. Something less good.
W6RSE, adv. In a manner more evil or bad.
t W6RSE, to put to disadvantage, is not in use. See Worst
f WoRS'EN, V. t. To worse. Milton.
WoRS'EN, V. i. To become worse. Craven dialect.
W'ORS'ER is a vulgar word, and not used in goo** writing
or speaking.
WoR'SHIP, 77. [Sax. weorthscype ; worth and ship.] 1. Ex-
cellence of character ; dignity ; worth ; worthiness. 2.
A title of honor, used in addresses to certain magistrates
and others of respectable character. 3. A term of ironical
respect. — 4. Ch.iefi.y and eminently, the act of paying di-
vine honors to the Supreme Being. 5. The homage paid
to idols or false gods, by pagans. 6. Honor; respect;
civil deference. 7. Idolatry of lovers ; obsequious or sub-
missive respect.
WoR'SHIP, v.t. 1. To adore ; to pay divine honors to ;
to reverence with supreme respect and veneration. 2.
To respect ; to honor ; to treat with civil reverence. 3.
To honor with extravagant love and extreme submission ;
as a lover.
WoR'SHIP, V. i. 1. To, perform acts of adoration. 2. To
perform religious service. John iv.
WoR'SHIPED, pp. Adored ; treated with divine honors ;
treated with civil respect.
WoR'SHIP-ER, n. One who worships ; one who pays di-
vine honors to any being ; one who adores. South.
WoR'SHIP-FUL, a. 1. Claiming respect ; worthy of hon-
or from its character or dignity. Shak. 2. A term of re-
spect, so7netimes ironically.
WoR'SHIP-FUL-LY, adv. Respectfully. Shak.
WoR SHIP-ING, ppr. Adoring ; paying divine honors to ;
treating with supreme reverence ;"treating with extreme
submission.
WORST, a. [superl. of worse.] 1. Most bad ; most evil. 2.
Most severe or dangerous ; most difficult to heal. 3. Most
afflictive, pernicious or calamitous.
WORST, 71. 1. The most evil state. 2. The most severe
or aggravated state ; the height. 3. The nvost calamitous
state.
Worst, v. t. To get the advantage over in contest ; to de-
feat ; to overthrow.
WoRST'ED, pp. Defeated ; overthrown.
WoRST'ED, (wust'ed) n. [The origin of this word is un-
certain. It is usually supposed to take its name from a
town in England or in Flanders.] Yarn spun from conr bed
wool ; a particular kind of woolen yarn.
WoRST'ED, a. Consisting of worsted.
WORT, ft. [Sax. wyrt ; G. wurz ; Sw. art.] 1. A plant ; an
herb : now used chiefiy or wholly in compounds. 2. A plant
of the cabbage kind. 3. New beer unfermented, or in
the act of fermentation ; the sweet infusion of malt. Bacon.
WORTH, a termination, signifies a farm or court ; as ia
WnrdsiD07-th.
Worth, v. i. [Sax. weorthan.] This verb is now used
only in the phrases, wo worth the day, wo icorth the
man, &c., in which the verb is in the imperative mode,
and the noun in the dative ; wo be to the day.
Worth, n. [Sax. weorth, wurth, wyrth ; G. werth ; D.
waarde; Sw. vard.] 1. Value; that quahty of a thing
which renders it useful, or which will produce an equrv-
alent good in some other thing. 2. Value of mental qual-
ities ; excellence ; virtue ; usefulness. 3. Importance ,
valuable qualities.
Worth, a. l. Equal in value to. 2. Deserving of; in a
good or bad sense, but chiefly in a good sense. 3. Equal in
possessions to ; having estate to the value of.— Woi t.'iiest
of blood, an expression in laio, denoting the preference of
sons to daughters in the descent of estates.
W6R'THI-LY, adv. 1. In a manner suited to. Ray. 2.
Deservedly ; according to merit. 3. Justly ; not without
cause. South.
WoR'THI-NESS, 77. 1. Desert ; merit. 2. Excellence;
dignity ; virtue. 3. Worth ; quality or state of deserving.
WoRTH'LESS, a. 1. Having no value. 2. Havhig no
value of character or no virtue. 3. Having no dignity or
excellence.
*See Synopsis A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PRgY ;-PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f ObsoUte.
WRA
935
WRl
VVoRTH'LESS-TsESS, n. 1. Want of value; want of use-
ful qualities. 2. Want of excellence or dignity,
WoR'THY, a. [G. wurdig ; B. znaardig ; Sw. vardig.] 1.
Deserving ; such as merits ; having worth or excellence ;
equivalent. 2. Possessing worth or excellence of quali-
ties ; vu-tuous ; estimable. 3. Suitable ; having qualities
suited to ; either in a good or had sense ; equal in value.
4. Suitable to any thing bad. 5. Deserving of ill.
Luke xii.
AVoR'THY, n. A man of eminent worth ; a man distin-
guished for useful and estimable qualities ; a man of valor ;
a word much used in the plural ; as, the icorthies of the
•rhurch.
t WoR'THY, V. t. To render worthy ; to exalt. Shak.
I WOT, V. i. [originally wat ; the preterite of Sax. witan.]
To know ; to be aware. Spenser.
WOULD, (wud) pret. of will, G. wollen, L. volo.— Would
is used as an auxiliary verb in conditional forms of speech ;
as, "I would go, if T could." This form of expression
denotes will or resolution, under a condition or supposi-
tion. — Yon would go, or he would go, denotes simply an
e2;e/tf, under a condition or supposition. — Would has the
sense of wish, or pray, particularly in the phrases, '■'■icould
to God," " 700!tW God we had died in Egypt." — Would
is used also for wish to do, or to have ; as, what woaldst
thou ?
t WoULD'ING, «. Motion of desire. Hammond.
* WOUND, 7>. [Sax. wund ; B. zoond ; G. toimde.] J. A
breach of the skin and flesh of an animal, or of the bark
and wood of a tree, or of the bark and substance of other
plants, caused by violence or external force. 2. Injury ;
hurt.
* WOUND, V. t. To hurt by violence ; as, to icotmd the head
or the arm ; to wound a tree. Is. liii.
WOUND, pret. and pp. oiwind.
*WOUND'ED,p;). Hurt; injured.
* WOUND'ER, 71. One that wounds.
WOUND'ING, ppr. Hurting ; injuring.
* WOUND'ING, n. Hurt -, injury. Qen. iv.
* WOUND'LESS, a. Free from hurt or injury.
WOUND'WoRT, n. The name of several plants.
WOUND'Y, a. Excessive. [J'fot English.]
WOVE,^re«. of weave ; sometimes the participle.
tWO&N, jforzcaxe^.
Note. — W before r is always silent.
WRA€K, or WRE€K, n. A name given to a marine plant
which is of great utility as a manure.
WRA€K, and To WRA€K. See Wreck.
WRaIN'-BoLT. See Wring-eot.t.
WRANGLE, tJ. i. [from the root of wring, Sw. vr&nga.\
To dispute angrily ; to quarrel peevishly and noisily ; to
brawl ; to altercate.
WRaITH, ?/. [perhaps a corruption of sicarth, or swairth.]
The apparition of a person about to die, as pretended in
parts of the J^orth of En<rlavd. Grose,
WRAN'GLE, -u. t. To involve in contention. [Little used.]
WRAN'GLE, n. An angry dispute ; a noisy quarrel. Swift.
WRAN'GLER, n. An angry disputant ; one who disputes
with heat or peevishness. Watts. — Senior wrangler, in
the university of Cambridge, in England, the student who
passes the best examination in the senate-house. Then
follow the second, third, &c. loranglers.
WRAN'GLE-SoME, a. Contentious ; quarrelsome. Moor.
''WRAN'GLING, ;)pr. Disputing or contending angrily.
WRAN'GLING, n. The act of disputing angrily.
WRAP, V. t. ; pret. and pp. wrapped, or wrapt. ]. To wind
or fold together. John xx. 2. To involve ; to cover by
winding something round ; often with up. 3. To in-
volve ; to hide. 4. To comprise ; to contain. .5. To in-
volve totally. 6. To inclose. 7. To snatch up ; to trans-
port.
WRAPPED, or WRAPT, pp. Wound ; folded ; inclosed.
WRAP'PER, n. 1. One that wraps. 2. That in which any
thing is wrapped or inclosed.
WRAP'PING, ppr. I. Winding; folding; involving; in-
closing. 2. a. Used or designed for wrapping or covering.
WRAP'-RAS-€AL, n. An upper coat. Jamieson.
WRASS, ) n. A fish, the labrus tinea of Linne, called by
WRASSE, ) authors tardus vulgaris.
* WRaTH, n. [Sax. icrath, icrmih ; Sw., D. vrede.] I. Vio-
lent anger ; vehement exasperation ; indignation. 2.
The effects of anger. Prnv. xxvii. 3. The just punish-
ment of an offense or crime. Rom. xiii. — God's wrath, in
Scripture, is his holy and just indignation against sin.
Rom. i.
*WRaTH'FUL, a. I. Very angiy ; greatly incensed. 2.
Springing from wrath, or expressing it.
* WRATH'FUL-LY, adv. With violent anger. Shak.
* WRATH'FTIL-NESS, n. Vehement anger.
* WRATH'LESS, a. Free from anger. Waller.
* WRaTH'Y, a. Very angry -j^a colloquial icord.
f WRAWL, V. i. [Sw. vrala.] To cry, as a cat.
WReAK, v. t. [Sax. wrcBcan, wrtsccan ; D. tcreekeni G.
r'dchen.] 1. To execute ; to inflict ; to hurl or drive 2
To_revenge; [nearly obs.] Fairfax.
WReAK, for recA:, to care, is a mistake. Shak.
t WReAK, n. Revenge ; vengeance ; furious passion
WReAK'FUL, a. Revengeful ; angry. Shak.
WReAK'LESS, a. Unrevengeful ; weak. Shak.
WReATH, n. [Sax. wrceth, wreoth.] 1. Something twistf d
or curled. 2. A garland ; a chaplet.
WReATH, v. t. ; pret. wreathed; pp. wreathed, loreaihen
1. To twist ; to convolve ; to wind one about another. 2
To interweave ; to entwine. 3. To encircle, as a gar-
land. 4. To encircle as with a garland ; to dress in a
garland.
WReATH, v. i. To be interwoven or entwined.
WREATHED, pp. Twisted ; entwined ; interwoven.
WReATH'ING, ^/ir. Twisting; entwining; encircling
WReATH'Y, a. Twisted; curled; spiral.
WRECK, n. [Dan. vrag, a wreck, shipwreck ; Sw. vrak ,
Sax. wrcBc, wraxca ; D. wrak.] 1. Destruction ; properly,
the destruction of a ship or vessel on the shore. 2. The
ruins of a ship stranded ; a ship dashed against rocks or
land and broken, or otherwise rendered useless by vio-
lence and fracture. 3. Dissolution by violence ; ruin ; de-
struction. 4. The remains of any thing ruined ; dead
weeds and grass. — 5. In metallurgy, the vessel in which
ores are washed the third time. — 6. Wreck, for wreak, is
less proper ; [see also Rack..]
WRECK, V. t. [Sw. vraka.] 1. To strand ; to drive against
the shore, or dash against rocks, and break or destroy. 2.
To ruin. — 3. Wreck, for wreak, is improper. Shak.
WRECK, V. i. To suffer wreck or ruin. Milton.
WRECKED, pp. Dashed against the shore or on rocks.
WRECK'FUL, a. Causing wreck.
"WRECK'ING, ppr. Stranding ; running on rocks.
WREN, n. [Sax. wrenna ; Ir. drean.] A small bird.
WRENCH, y. f. [G. verrenken ; D. verwringen.] L To pull
with a twist ; to wrest, twist or force by violence. 2. To
strain ; to sprain ; to distort.
WRENCH, n. 1. A violent twist, or a pull with twisting.
2. A sprain ; an injury by twisting ; as in a joint. 3. An
instrument for screwing or unscrewing iron-work 4.
Means of compulsion ; [obs.]— 5. In the plural, sleights ;
subtilties ; [obs.]
WREST, v.t. [Sax. wrcestan ; G. reissen ; Dan. vrist-ir.] 1.
To twist or extort by violeiice ; to pull or force from by
violent wringing or twisting. 2. To take or force from by
violence. 3. To distort ; to turn from truth, or twist from
its natural meaninsr, by violence ; to pervert.
WREST, 77. 1. Distortion ; violent pulling and twisting ;
perversion. 2. Active or moving power; [obs.] 3. An
instrument to tune.
WREST'ED, pp. Pulled with twisting ; distorted ; per
verted.
WREST'ER, n. One who wrest? or perverts.
WREST'TNG, ppr. Fulling witti a twist ; distorting.
WRES'TLE, (res'l) v. i. [Sox. wrcestlian, or wraxlian ; D
worstelen.] I. To strive with arms extended, as two men,
who seize each other by the collar and arms, each en-
deavoring to throw the other by tripping up his heels and
twitching him off hirf centre. 2. To struggle ; to strive ;
to contend.
t WRES'TLE, V. t. To overcome in wrestling. Spenser.
WRES'TLER, v. One who wrestles ; or one who is skill-
ful in wrestling.
WRES'TLING, ppr. Striving to throw ; contending.
WRES'TLI^VG, 7!. Strife ; struggle ; contention.
WRETCH, 7?. [Sax. icracca.] ]. A miserable person ; one
sunk in the deepest distress. 2. A worthless mortal. 3.
A person sunk in vice. 4. It is sometimes used by way
of slight or ironical pity or contempt. 5. It is sometimes
used to express tenderness.
WRETCH'ED, a. ]. Very miserable ; sunk into deep afflic-
tion or distress, either from want, anxiety or grief. 2.
Calamitous ; very afflicting. 3. Worthless ; paltry ; very
poor or mean. 4. Despicable ; hatefully vile and con-
temptible.
WRETCH'ED-LY, adv. 1. Most miserably; very poorly
2. Unhappilv. 3. Meanly ; despicablv.
WRETCH'ED'-NESS, 7?. 1. Extreme misery or unhappi-
ness, either from want or sorrow. ' 2. Meanness ; despi-
cableness ; as, the wretchedness of a performance.
WRETCH'LESS, for reckless, ) „„ imnroner
WRETCH'LESS-NESS, fox recklessness, ] ^^^ unpropei.
t WRIG, for wriggle
WRIG'GLE, V. i. [W. rhuglaw ; D. wriggelen.] To mov
the body to and fro with short motions. Swift.
WRIG'GLE, V. t. To put into a quick, reciprocating mo
tion ; to introduce by a shifting motion. Hudibras.
WRIG'GLER, 71. One who wriggles.
WRIG'GLING, ppr. Moving the body one way and the
other with quick turns.
WRIGHT, (rite) n. [Sax. jcryhta.] An artificer ; one whose
occupation is some kind of mechanical business ; a work-
* See Synopsii Mf^VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL , UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tto. f ObaoJtfc
936
XEN
aian ; a manufacturer. This word is now chiefly used in
compounds, as in shiptcright, wheelwright.
WRING, V. t. ; pret. and pp. wringcd dii\6. wrung. The lat-
ter is chiefly used. [Sax. icringan ; G. ringen; D. wrin-
gen ; Dan, ringer.] 1. To twist ; to turn and strain with
violence. 2. To squeeze ; to press ; to force by twisting.
3. To writhe. 4. To pinch ; [obs.] 5. To distress ; to
press with pain. 6. To distort ; to pervert. 7. To per-
secute with extortion. 8. To bend or strain out of its po-
sition. Mar. Diet. — To %Dring off-, to force off or separate
by Wringing. — To wring out. 1. To force out ; to squeeze
out by twisting. 2. To free from a liquor by wringing.—
To wring frovi, to force from' by violence ; to extort.
WRING, V. i. To writhe j to twist, as with anguish.
Shak.
WRING, n. Action of anguish. Hall.
WRING'-BoLT, n. A bolt used by shipwrights, to bend
and secure the planks against the timbers till they are
fastened by bolts, spikes and tree-nails.
WRINGED, pp. Twisted ; pressed ; distressed ; extorted.
WRING'ERj n. One who wrings j one that forces water
out of any thing by wringing.
WR IN G'ING,p;>r. Twisting j writhing; extorting.
WRING'-STaVES, n. Strong bars of wood used in apply-
ing wring-bolts. Mar. Diet.
WRIN KLE, n. [Sax. 7crmc/e ; Sw.rynka; Dan.rynke.'] 1.
A small ridge or prominence, or a furrow, formed by the
shrinking or contraction of any smooth substance ; corru-
gation ; a crease. 2. A fold or rumple in cloth. 3.
Roughness ; unevenness.
WRIN'KLE, v.t, [Sax. icrinclian ; Sw. rynka ; Dan. ryn-
ker.] 1. To contract into furrows and prominences ; to
corrugate. 2. To make rough or uneven.
WRIN'KLE, V. i. To shrink into furrows and ridges.
WRIN'KLED, pp. Contracted into ridges and furrows.
WRIN'KLING, ppr. Shrinking; contracting into ftirrows
and ridges.
WRJST, n. [Sax. lorist.] 1. The joint by which the hand
is united to the arm. — 2. In the manege, the bridle-wrist is
that of the cavalier's left hand.
WRIST'BAND, n. [wrist and band.] That band or part of a
shirt sleeve which covers the wrist.
WRIT, n. [from write.] 1. That which is written ; in this
sense, writ is particularly applied to the Scriptures ; as,
holy writ. — 2. In lain, a precept issued from the proper
authority to the sheriff, his deputy or other subordinate
otiicer, commanding him to perform some act, as to sum-
mon a defendant into court to answer, and the like. 3.
A legal instrument.
t WRIT, pret. of write, is not now used.
t WRi'TA-TiVE, a. Disposed to write. Pope.
WRITE, V. t. ; pret. wrote ; pp. writ, written. [Sax. writan,
awritan, geicritan ; Ice. rita.] 1. To form by a pen on pa-
per or other material, or by a graver on wood or stone.
2. To express by forming letters and words on paper or
stone. 3. To engrave. 4. To impress durably. 5. To
compose or produce, as an author. 6. To copy ; to tran-
scribe. 7. To communicate by letter.
WRITE, V. i. I. To perform the act of fofming characters,
letters or figures, as representatives of sounds or ideas.
2. To be employed as a clerk or an amanuensis. 3. To
play the author. 4. To recite or relate in books. 5. To
send letters. 6. To call one's self; to he entitled ; to use
the style of. 7. To compose ; to frame or combine ideas
and express them in words.
WRiT'ER, n. 1. One who writes or has written. 2. An
author. 3. A clerk or amanuensis,
WRiTHE, t\ t. [Sax. writhan ; Sw. vrida ,• Dan. vrider.]
1. To twist ; to distort. 2. To twist with violence. 3.
To wrest ; to distort ; to torture ; [obs.]
WRiTHE, V. i. To twist; to be distorted. Addison.
WRITHED, pp. Twisted ; distorted.
WRTTH'ING, ppr. Twisting'; distorting.
+ WRITH'LE, v.U [from writhe.] To wrinkle. Spenser.
WRlT'lNG, ppr. 1. Forming, as characters, with a peh,
style or graver. 2. a. Used or intended for writing.
WRlT'ING, 71. 1. The act or art of forming letters and
characters, for the purpose of recording ideas. 2. Any
thing written or expressed in letters ; hence, any legal
instrument, as a deed, a receipt, &c. 3. A book ; any
written composition ; a pamphlet ; as, the writings of Ad-
dison. 4. An inscription. John xix. — 5. Writings, plu.
conveyances of lands j deeds ; or any official papers.
WRIT'ING-MaS'TER, 71. One who teaches the art of pen-
manship.
WRIT'TEN, pp. Expressed in letters.— Written laws, stat-
utes ; laws enacted by the supreme power and recorded ;
as contradistinguished from unwritten or comvion law
t WRIZ'ZLED, for writhled. Spenser.
fWRo'KEN, for wreaked. Spenser.
WRONG, a. [Sw. vrang ; Dan. vrang ; Sw. vranga ; Dan.
vraiiiger.] 1. Not physically right ; not fit or suitable ; as,
the icrong side of a garment. 2. Not morally right ; that
deviates from the line of rectitude prescribed by God ;
not just or equitable ; not right or proper ; not legal ; er-
roneous. 3. Erroneous; not according to truth.
WRONG, 71. Whatever deviates from moral rectitude ; any
injury done to another ; a trespass ; a violation of right, —
Wrongs are private or public. Private wrongs are civil
injuries, immediately affecting individuals ; public wrongs
are crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community
WRONG, adv. Not rightly ; amiss ; morally ill ; erroneously.
WRONG, V. t. I. To injure ; to treat with injustice ; to de-
prive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice
from. 2. To do injustice to by imputation ; to impute
evil unjustly.
WRONG'-Do-ER, n. One who injures another, or does
wrong.
WRONG'-DO-ING, n. Evil or wicked act or action.
WRONGED, pp. Treated unjustly; injured.
WRONG'ER, 71. One who injures another.
WRONGFUL, a. Injurious; unjust.
WRONG'FUL-LY, adv. Unjustly ; in a manner contrary
to the moral law or to justice.
WRONG'HEAD, } a. Wrong in opinion or principle ,
WRONG-HEAD'ED, <j having a perverse understanding ;
perverse.
WRONG-HEAD'ED-NESS, n. Perverseness ; erronejus-
ness.
t WRONG'LESS-LY, adv. Without injury to any one.
WRONG'LY, adv. In a wrong manner ; unjustly ; amiss.
WRONG'NESS, n. Wrong disposition ; error. Butler.
WROTE, pret. of write ; as, he wrote a letter yesterday.
WROTH, a. [Sax. wrceth, wrath,] Very angry ; much ex^
asperated.
WROUGHT, (rawt) p'ret, and pp. of work. [Sax. worhte,
the pret. and pp. of icircan, weorcan, to work.] I. Worked ;
formed by work or labor. 2. Effected ; performed. 3.
Effected ; produced. 4. Used in labor. 5. Worked ;
driven. 6. Actuated. 7. Worked ; used ; labored in.
8. Formed ; fitted. 9. Guided ; managed ; [obs.] 10.
Agitated; disturbed. — Wrought on or upon, influenced;
prevailed on. — Wrought to or up to, excited ; inflamed.
WRUNG, pret. and pp. of wring.
WRY, a. [Goth, tcraicwa, or Dan. vrier.] ]. Twisted;
turned to one side ; distorted. 2^ Deviating from the
right direction. 3. Wrested ; perverted.
t WRY, V. i. To be writhed or distorted.
t WRY, V. t. To distort ; to Wrest.
WRY'NEOK, 7(. [wry and neck.] 1. A twisted or distorted
neck ; a deformity in which the neck is drawn to one
side, and at the same time somewhat forwards. 2. A
disease of the spasmodic kind, in sheep, in which the
head is drawn to one side. — 3. In ornithology, a bird re*
sembling the woodpeckers.
WR-?'NE€KED, a. Having a distorted neck.
WR"?'NESS, 71. The state of being wry or distorted
WYCH'-ELM, n. A variety of the elm. Cyc.
X.
Xthe twenty-fourth letter of the English Alphabet, is
5 borrowed from the Greek. In the middle and at the
eiid of words, it has the sound of ks, as in wax, lax, lux-
ury. At the beginning of a word, it has precisely the
sound o^ z.
It is used as an initial, in a few words borrowed from the
Greek.
As a numeral, X stands for ten. It represents one V, which
stands for five, placed on the top of another. When laid
horizontally, thus x , it stands for a thousand, and with
a dash over it, thus X, it stands for ten thousand.
As an abbreviation, X. stands for Christ, as in Xn. Christian i
Xm. Christmas.
XAN'THID, } n. A compound of xanthogene and a metal
XAN'THIDE, \ Henry.
XAN'THO-GENE, n. FGr. ^avOos and yevvato.] The base
of a new acid, produced by the mixture of a solution of
pure potassa with bisulphuret of carbon.
XE-BEG', 71. A small three-masted vessel, used in the
Mediterranean sea. Mar. Diet.
XE-NOD'0-€HY, n. [Gr. ^evoSoxia.] Reception of stran-
gers ; hospitality. Cocker am.
* See Synopsl- A, E, I, O, Xj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— + ObsoleU
YAW
937
YEL
XE-RO-€OL-LYR'I-UM, n. [Gr. ^t]pos and KoWvpiov.] A
dry coilyriuin or eye-salve. Coxe.
XE-Ro'DeS, 71, Any tumor attended with dryness.
XER-O-My'RUM, n. [Gr. |>?p«Jj, dry, and ixvpov, ointment.]
A dry ointment. Coze.
XE-ROPH'A-6Y, it. [Gr. ^vpos and ^ayw.j The eating of
dry meats, a sort of fast among the primitive Christians.
XE-ROPH'THAL-MY, M. [Gr. ^rjpos and ocpdaXnia.] A dry,
red soreness or itching of the eyes.
XE-RO'TES, 71. A dry habit or disposition.
XIPH'I-AS, n. [Gr. from ^i6os.] 1. The Bword-fiah. 2. A
comet shaped like a sword.
XIPH'OID, a. The xiphoid or cnsiform cartilage is a small
cartilage placed at the bottom of the breast -bone.
XY-LO-BAL'SA-MUM, n. The wood of the balsam tree.
XY-LOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. |uXoi' acd ypa^w ] Wood-en-
graving j the act or art of cutting figures in wood, in rep-
resentation of natural objects.
XYS'TER, 71. [Gr. luarpov, from |uu, to scrape.] A surgeon^s
instrument for scraping bones.
Y.
Ythe twenty-fifth letter of the English Alphabet, is
J taken from the Greek u. At the beginning of words,
it is called an articulation or consonant, and with some
propriety perhaps, as it brings the root of the tongue in
close contact with the lower part of the palate, and nearly
in the position to which the close g brings it. Hence it
has happened, that, in a great number of words, g has been
changed into?/; as the Sax. gear, into year; geomian,
into yearn ; gyllan, into yell ; gealew, into yellow.
In the middle and at the end of words, y is precisely the
same as i. It is sounded as i long, when accented, as in
defy, rely ; and as i short, when unaccented, as in vanity,
glory, stjnonymoiis. This latter sound is a vowel. At the
beginning of words, y answers to the German and Dutch j.
Y, as a numeral, stands for 150, and, with a dash over it, Y,
for 150,000.
YACHT, (yot) n. [D, jagt ; G. jacht.] A vessel of state
used to convey princes, embassadors and other great per-
sonages from one place to another.
YAFF, V. i. To bark. Cheshire.
YA'GER, (yaw'ger) n. [G.jdger.] A horseman.
Ya'HOO, n. A word used by Chesterfield, I suppose for a
savage, or a person resembling a savage.
YAK, 71. A species of ox ; the grunting ox of Pennant.
Cyc.
YAM, n. A large esculent root growing intronical climates.
YAM'BOO, 71 A kind of plant producing a friiit,
YAN'KEE, 71. A Corrupt pronunciation of the word English
by the native Indians of America. Heckewelder.
YAM'MER, V. i. To complain ; to whine ; to make a disa-
greeable noise. Brockett.
YAN'0-LITE, 71. A mineral, called also axinite or thumer-
stone, whose crystals resemble an ax. Ure.
YAP, to bark, is not a legitimate word.
YAP'ON, 71. The cassine or South sea tea.
YARD, 71. [Sax. geard, gerd, gyrd.] 1. A measure of three
feet or thirty-six inches. 2. [Sax. gyrdan, to inclose.]
An inclosure ; usually, a small, inclosed place in front of
or around a house or barn. — 3. In shijis, a long, slender
piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, suspended upon the
mast, by which a sail is extended. — Dock-yard, a place
where ships are laid up. — Prison-yard, primarily, an in-
closure about a prison, or attached to it. Hence, liberty of
the yard is a liberty granted to persons imprisoned for
debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits
prescribed by law. U, States.
YARD, V. t. To confine cattle to the yard. [A farmer's
word.]
YARD'- ARM, n. [yard and arm.] Either half of a ship's
yard, from the centre or mast to the end.
YARD'-STICK, ?i. [yard and stick.] A stick three feet in
length, used as a measure of cloth, &c.
YARD'-WAND, n. A measure of a yard ; now yard-stick.
\ YARE, fl. [Sax. gearw.] Ready ; dextrous ; eager,
f YARE'LY, adv. Readily ; dextmusly ; skilfully. Shak.
YARK. See Yerk.
YARN, n. [Sax. gea7-n ,• G., Ice., Sw. garn.] 1. Spun wool ;
woolen thread ; but it is applied also to other species of
thread, as to cotton and linen. — 2. In rope-making, one of
the threads of which a rope is composed.
f YARR, V. i. [Low L. hirrio ; Celtic, gar.] To growl or
snarl, as a dog. Jlinsworth.
YAR'RISH, a. Having a rough, dry taste. [Local.]
YAR'RoW, n. [Sax. gearwe ; Sp. yaro.] A plant of the
genus achillea ; the milfoil, or plant of a thousand leaves.
YATE, in the north of England, is used for gate.
YAUD, 7). A horse. Grose.
YAULP, or YAUP, v. i. To yelp. Brockett.
YAW, w. The African name of a raspberry. Cyc.
YAW, V. i. 1. To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth,
as cane-juice in the sugar-works. V/est Indies. — 2. In
navigation to deviate from the line of her course, as a
ship
YAWL, 71 A small ship's boat, usually rowed by four or
six tiars.
YAWL, V. i. To cry out. See "Yell.
YAWN, V. i. [Sax. geonan, gynian ; 6. g'dhnen.] 1. To
gape ; to oscitate ; to have the mouth open involuntarily,
through drowsiness or duhness. 2. To upen wide. 3
To express desire by yawning.
YAWN, n. 1. A gaping; an involuntary opening of the
ihouth from drowsiness; oscitation. 2. An opening
wide.
YAWN'ING, ppr. 1. Gaping; opening wide. 2. a. Sleepy;
drowsy ; dull. Shak.
YAWN'ING, 71. The act of gaping or opening wide.
YAWS, 71. A severe cutaneous disease in Africa, &c.
Y-CLAD', ^;?. Clad. [Obsolete^ except in poetry, and perhapf
in burlesque only.]
Y'-CLEP'ED, (e-klepf) pp. of SaX. ge-clypian, clepan,tocaU
Called ; named. It is obsolete except in burlesque.
t Y-DRAD', ^;p. Dreaded. Spenser.
YE, pron. [Sax. ge.] The nominative plural of the second
person, of which thou is the singular.
*YEA, (yS) adv. [Sax. gea, geac ; G ,D.,Dan.ja.] 1. Yes;
a word that expresses affirmation or assent. 2. It some-
times enforces the sense ot something preceding ; not
only so, but more. — 3. Iii Scripture, it is used to denote
certainty, consistency, harmony aiid stability ; as, " all the
promises of God in him are yea, and in him are amen.*
2 Cor. i. — Yea is used only 'n the sacred and solemn
style. [See Y'e^.]
t YeAD, or t GeAD, v. i. To go. Spenser.
YeAN, v.i. [Sax. eanian.] To bring forth young, as a gof»t
or sheep ; to lamb. [Obsolete or local.]
YeANED, pp. Brought fortli,
YkAN'LING, 71. The young of sheep; a lamb. [Obsolete, or
local.] ^
Year, n. [Sax. uear ; G.jahr ; B.jaar; Sw. ar.] 1. The
space or period of time in which the sun moves through
the twelve signs of the ecliptic, or whole circle, and re-
turns to the same point. This is the solar year, and com-
prehends what are called the twelve calendar months, or
365 days, 5 hours, and 49 minutes, within a small frac-
tion. But, in popular usage, the year consists of 365 days,
and every fourth year [bissextile or leap year] of 366 ; a
day being added to February, on account of the 5 hours
and 49 iiinutes. 2. Tlie time in which any planet com-
pletes a revolution. 3. The time in which the fixed stars
make a revolution is called tlie great year. — 4. Years, in
the plural, is sometimes equivalent lo age or old age ; as,
a man in years.
YeAR'-BOOK, n. [year and book.] A book containing an-
nual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England.
fYEARED, a. Containing years. B. Jonson.
YeAR'LING, 71. A young beast one year old.
YeAR'LING, a. Being a year old ; as a yearling heifer.
YeAR'LY, a. 1. Annual ; happening, accruing or coming
every year. 2. Lasting a year. 3. Comprehending a
year.
YeAR'LY, adv. Annually ; once a year.
YEARN, (yern) I v. i. [Sax. geomian, giernan, gyrnan.
YERN, \ carTiiflTi.] 1. Tobestramed ; tobepained
or distressed ; to suffer.— 2. Usually, to long ; to feel an
earnest desire ; that is, literally, to have a desire or in-
clination stretching towards the object or end.
f YEARN, V. t. To pain ; to grieve ; to vex. Shak.
tYEARN'FUL, a. Mournful; distressing.
YEARN'ING, ypr. Longing; having longing desire.
YEARN'ING, n. Strong emotions of desire, tenderness o?
pity.
* Y'EAST, (yeest, or j^est) n. [Sax. gist ; G. gUscht : D. gist.]
I. Barm ; the foam, froth or flo'ver of beer or other liquoi
in fermentation ; used for raising dough for bread. 2
Spume or foam of water ; [obs.]
*YEAST'Y. a. Frothy; foamy: spumy; like yeast.
* Y'ELK, (rften, but less correctly, written yolk) n. [Sax
gealew ; G. gelb.] The yellow part of an egg ; the vitel
lus. ^
YELL, V. i. [Sax. giellan, gyllan ; D. gillen ,• Sw. galla.\
* See Synopsis . MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in f At* f Obsolete
YIE
938
YTT
To cry c»ui with i hideous noise ; to cry or scream as with
agony or Iiorror.
YELL. n. A sharp, loud, hideous outcry. Phillips.
YEhL'ING, ppr. Uttering hideous ouicries ; shrieking.
YELL'ING, n. The act of screaming hideously.
YEL'LoW, a. [Sax. gealew ; G. gelb ; D. geel.] Being of a
blight color; of the color of gold. JVewton.
YEL'LoW, n. A bright color, reflecting the most light of
any, after white.
YEL'LoW-BLOS'SOMED, a. Furnished or adorned with
yellow flowers. Ooldsmith,
YEL'LoW-BOY, «. A gold coin. [Vulgar.]
YEL'LoW-EARTH, n. A soft, yellow mineral.
YEL'L.v1W-Fe'VER, n. A malignant disease of warm
c imates, which often suffuses the skin with a yellowish
coior.
YEL^LoW-GoLDS, n. A flower. B. Jonson.
YEL'LOW-HAM'MER, n. A bird of the genus emheriza.
YEL'LoW-ISH, a. Somewhat yellow. Woodward.
YEL LoW-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being somewhat
yellow. Boyle.
YEL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being yellow. 2.
Jealousy ; [obs.~\ Shak,
YEL'LoWS, n. A disease of horses, cattle and sheep.
YELP, V. i. [Sax. gealpan ; Dan. gylper.] To bark, as a
beagle-hound after his prey, or as other dogs.
YELP'ING, ppr. Barking in a particular manner.
YEN'ITE, n. A mineral found in the isle of Elba.
* YEo'MAN, n. [Sax. gemcene ; Sw. ge.vien ; Dan. gemeen.]
1. A common man, or one of the plebeians, of the first or
most respectable class; a freeholder; a man free born.
2. An officer in the king's household, of a middle rank
between a gentleman and a groom. — 3. In ships, an infe-
rior officer under the boatswain, gunner or carpenters,
charged with the stowage, account and distribution of the
stores. 4. A name or title of certain soldiers ; as, yeoman
of the guard.
* YEo'JVlAN-LY, a. Pertaining to a yeoman. B. Jonson.
* YEo'MAN-RY, n. The collective body of yeomen or free-
holders.
YERK, V. t. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart
spring. Far. Diet.
YERK, n. A sudden or quick thrust or motion.
YERK'ING, ppr. Thrusting with a quick spring.
YERN. See Yearn,
YER'NUT, or YAR'NUT, n. An earthnut ; a pignut. Wil-
braham.
*Y'E&, adv. [Sax. g-ise.] A word which expresses affirma-
tion or consent ; opposed to no.
YEST. See Yeast.
YES'TER, a. [G. gestcrn ; Sax. gystem; "L. hesternus.']
Last ; last past ; next before the present ; as, yester sun.
— [JVote. This is seldom used, except in the compounds
which follow.]
*YES'TER-DAY, n. [Sax. gyrstan-dceg, gyrsteriilic dceg.]
1. The day last past ; the day next before the present. —
2. Yesterday is used generally without a preposition ; as,
I went to town yesterday.
* YES'TER-NTGBT, n. [yester and night.] 1. The last
night. 2. It is used without a preposition.
YEST'Y. See Yeasty.
YET, conj. [Sax. get, gyt ; Gr. en.] Nevertheless ; not-
withstanding ; however.
YET, adv. 1. B-side ; over and above. 2. Still ; the state
remaining the same. 3. At this time; so soon. 4. At
least; at all. 5. It is prefixed to words denoting extension
of time or continuance. 6. Still ; in a new degree. 7.
Even ; after all ; a kind of emphatical addition to a nega-
tive. 8. Hitherto.
tYE'VEN, for given. Spenser.
EW, n. [Sax. iw ; W. yw, or yicen ; Fr. if.] An evergreen
tree valued for its wood or timber.
YEW, V. i. To rise, as scum on the brine in boiling at the
salt works. See Yaw. Cyc.
YEW'EN, a. Made of yew. Hubberd.
YEX, n. [Sax. geocsa.] A hiccough. [Little used.]
YEX,j,'. i. To hiccouah.
f Y-FeRE', ado. Together. Spenser.
YIELD,!). (. [Sax. gieldan, gildan, gyldan.] 1. To produce,
as land, stock or funds ; to give in return for labor, or as
profit. 2. To produce, in general. 3. To aflx)rd ; to
exhibit. 4. To allow ; to concede ; to admit to be true.
5. To give, as claimed of right. 6. To permit to grant. 7.
To emit ; to give up. 8. To resign ; to give up ; some-
times with up or over. 9. To surrender.
YIELD, v.i. 1. To give np the contest; to submit. 2. To
comply with. 3. To give way; not to oppose. 4. To
give place, as inferior in rank or excellence.
f YIeLD'A BLE-NESS, n. Disposition to comply,
f YIeLD'ANCE, n. Act of producing ; concession.
YIeLD'ED, fp. Produced ; affisrded ; conceded ; allowed ;
resigned ; surrendered.
YIeLD'ER, n. One who yields.
YIeLD'ING, p;?r. 1. Producing; affording; conceding;
resigning; surrendering; allowing. 2. a. Inclined to
g^ve way or comply ; flexible ; accommodating.
I^'IeLD'IIVG, n. Act of producing ; act of surrendering .
submission. Shak.
YIeLD'IJSIG-LY, adv. With compliance.
YIeLD'ING-NESS, 71. Disposition to comply ; quality oi.
yielding. Paley.
Yo'JAN, n. In the East Indies, a measure or distance of
five miles. .Bsiat. Res.
YOKE, 71. [Sax. g^eoc, or ioc; D. juk ; G.joch; Fr. joug.]
1. A piece of timber, hollowed or made curving neaf
each end, and fitted with bows for receiving the necks ot
oxen ; by which means two are connected for drawing. 2.
A mark of servitude ; slavery ; bondage. 3. A chain ; a
link ; a bond of connection. 4. A couple ; a pair; as, a
yoke of oxen. 5. Service. Matt. xi.
YOKE, V. t. i. To put a yoke on ; to join in a yoke. 2. To
couple ; to join with another. 3. To enslave ; to bring
into bondage. 4. To restrain ; to confine.
Yoked, pp. Confined in a yoke ; joined ; coupled.
YoKE'-ELM, «_. A tree. _
YcKE'-FEL-LoW, or YoKE'-MATE,7i. [yoke and fellow
or mate.] 1. An associate or companion. 2. A mate; a
fellow. Spectator.
YoK'lNG, ppr. Putting a yoke on ; joining ; coupling.
t YoLD, for yielded. Spenser.
*YoLK, 7?.. 1 The yelk of an egg ; [see Yelk.] 2. The
unctuous secretion from the skin of sheep, which renders
the pile soft and pliable. 3. The vitellus, a. part of the
seed of plants, so named by Gaertner, from its supposed
analogy with the yelk of an egg.
YOLP. See Y^elp.
YON, YOND, or YON'DER, a. [Sax. geond.] Being at a
distance within view. Bacon.
YOiN, YOND, or YON'DER, adv. At a distance within
view.
t YOND, a. Mad ; furious, or alienated in mind. Spenser.
\ YORE, adv. [Sax. geara,] Long. Spenser. — Of yore, of
old time ; long ago ; as, in times or days of yore.
YOU, (yu) [Sax. eow, iu, inch; G. euch ; Arm. chny ,
D. gu, or yu, thou.] 1, The pronoun of the second per-
son, in the nominative or objective case, — In familiar
language, it is applied to an individual, as thou is in the
solemn style. In the plural, it is used in the solemn style
in the objective case. 2, Fow is used, like oti in French,
for any one ; as, "this at a distance looks like a rock ; but
as you approach it, you see a little cabin."
Y6UNG, (yung) a. [Sax. iong, geong ; G. jung ; D. jong ;
Sw., Ban. ung.] 1, Not having been long born ; being
in the first part of life ; not old ; used of animals ; as, a
young child. 2. Being in the first part of growth ; as, a
young plant, 3. Ignorant ; weak ; or, rather, having little
experience.
Y6UNG, n. The offspring of animals, either a single an-
imal, or offspring collectively.
YoUN'GER, (yung'ger) a. camp. Not so old as another.
YoUN'GEST, (yung'gest) a. superl. Having the least
age.
YoUNG'ISH, (yung'ish) a. Somewhat young Tatler.
YoUNG'LING, (yung'ling)7i. [Sax. geongli'%g.] Anyanj
mal in the first part of life. Dryden.
t YoUNG'LY, a. Youthful, Oower.
YoUNG'LY, (yung ly) adv. I, Early in life Shak. 2. Ig
norantly ; weakly ; [little used,]
YoUNG'STER, (yung'ster) 7i. A young person ; a lad ; a
colloquial word. Shak.
t Y6UNGTH, for youth. Spenser.
YoUNK'ER, n. Among seamen, a stripling in the service.
YOtJR, (yure) a. pronom. [from you ,; Sax. eower ; G. euer.]
1. Belonging to you. 2. It is used indefinitely. 3. Yours
is used as a substitute for a noun in the nominative o'
objective.
YOuR-SELF'jproTi.jpZit. Yourselves, [your and self.] 1. A
word added to you, to express distinction emphatically
between you and other persons ; as, this work you must
do yourself. 2. It is used as the reciprocal pronoun.
YOuTH, (yuth) 71. [Sax. iuguth, iugoth, iogoth, geogath;
G.juirevd; B.jougd.] 1. The part of life that succeeds
to childhood. — In a general sense, youth denotes the whole
early part of life, from infancy to manhood ; but it is not
unusual to divide the stages of life into infancy, childhood,
youth, and manhood. 2. A young man. 3. A young per-
son, male or female. 4. Young persons collectively.
YOuTH'FUL, a. 1. Young. 2. Pertaining to the early
part of life. 3. Suitable to the first part of life. 4. Fresh ,
vigorous, as in youth.
YOuTH'FUL-LY, adv. In a youthful manner.
t YOuTH'iiOOD, n. The state of youth. Cheyne.
fYOuTH'LY'a. Young; early in life. Spenser.
JYOuTH'Y, a. Young, [Bad, and not used.] Spectator.
Y-PlGHT', a. Fixed, that is, pitched. Spenser.
YT'TRI-A, n. [so called from Ytterby, a qnaxvy in Sweden.j
One of the earths.
YT'TRI-OUS, a. Pertaining to yttria ; containing yttria.
* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tJ, Y, Zon^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;-^ f Obsolete.
ZET
933
ZOO
YT'TRI-UM, re. The base of yttria.
YT'TRO-Ce'RITE, n. A mineral.
YT'TRO-€OL'UM-BITE, n. A mineral containing yt-
tria.
YT'TRO-TAN'TA-i;.ITE, n. A mineral.
YU€K, V. i. To itch. [Local.] Chose.
YUFTS, n. Russia leather, prepared from ox-hides in a pe-
culiar manner. Tooke.
YUG, or YOG, n. In the mythology of India, an age ; one
of the ages into which the Hindoos divide the duration or
existence of the world.
Yu'LAN, n. A beautiful flowering tree of China.
YuLE, n. [Sax. iule, geohol, gehul, geol ; Arm. gouel, g<m-
il.'l The name anciently given to Christmas.
I YUX, re. A hiccough.
t YUX, V. i. To hiccough.
Zthe last letter of the English Alphabet, is a sibilant ar-
j ticulation, and is merely a vocal S. It bears the same
relation to s as « does to /. With us it has not a com-
pound sound, nor is it a double consonant, as in the Ital-
ian and German. It is as simple in its sound as S. _
As a numeral, Z stands for 2000, and, with a dash over it, Z,
for 2,000,000.
Za'BA-ISM. Sec Sabianism.
ZAOeilO, re. The lowest part of the pedestal of a column
ZAF'FER, re. The residuum of cobalt, after the sulphur,
arsenic, and other volatile matters have been expelled.
Za'NY, re. [It. zanni.] A merry-andrew ; a buffoon.
Za'NY, v. t. To mimic. Beaumont.
ZAP'OTE, re. In Mexico, the generic name of fruits which
are roundish and contain a hard stone.
ZAR'NI€H, re. The name of a genus of fossils.
ZEA, re. The generic name of maize.
ZeAL, re. [Gr. ^n^oi ; L. zelus.] Passionate ardor in the
pursuit of any thing.
tZEAL, V. i. To entertain zeal. Bacon.
t ZeALED, a. Filled with zeal. Fuller.
ZeAL'LESS, a. Wanting zeal. Hammond.
* ZEAL'OT, (zel'ut) re. One who engages warmly in any
cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and ardor ;
one whose ardor is intemperate and censurable.
ZEA-LOT'I-€AL, a. Ardently zealous. [L. u.] Strype.
tZEAL'OT-RY, re. Behavior of a zealot. Bp. Taylor.
* ZEAL'OUS, (zel'us) a. Warmly engaged or ardent in the
pursuit of an object. Law.
*ZEAL'OlJS-LVr, (zel'us-ly) adv. With passionate ardor ;
with eagerness. Oal. iv
* ZEAL'OUS-NESS, (zel'us-nes) n. The quality of being
zealous ; zeal.
Ze'BRA, re. An animal of the genus equus, beautifully
marked with stripes ; a native of Africa.
Zebu, re. A variety of the common ox, with a hump on
th_e shoulders.
* ZE'CHIN, re. A Venetian gold coin ; usually written se-
qiiin, which see.
ZED, re. A name of the letter Z. Shak.
ZED'O-A-RY, re. A medicinal root, belonging to a plant
growing in the East Indies. It is a warm stomachic.
ZElNE, ». A substance of a yellowish color, soft, insipid
and elastic, procured from Indian corn.
ZE-MIN'DAR, re. In India, a feudatory or land-holder, who
governs a district of country.
ZEMINDARY, re. The jurisdiction of a zemindar.
ZEND, re. A language that formerly prevailed in Persia.
ZEND'A-VES-TA, re. Among the Persees, a sacred book
ascribed to Zoroaster, and reverenced as a bible, or sole
rule of faith and practice. It is often called Zend, by
contraction.
* Ze'NITH, re. [Fr. ; It. lenit ; Sp. zenit, or cenit.] That
point in the visible celestial hemisphere, which is vertical
to the spectator, and from which a direct perpendicular
line, passing through the spectator, and extended, would
proceed to the centre of the earth. It is opposed to nadir.
Zk'O-LITE, re. [Gr. ^eo), to boil.] A mineral.
ZE-0-LIT'I€, a. Pertaining to zeolite.
ZE-O-LIT'I-FORM, a. Having the form of zeolite.
ZEPH'YR, re. [L. zephyrus ; Gr. ^e(pvpos.] The west wind;
and, poetically, any soft, mild, gentle breeze.
ZER'DA, re. An animal of the canine genus.
Zk'RO, re. [It.] Cipher; nothing. The point of a ther-
mometer from which it is graduated
ZEST, re. [Pers.] 1. A piece of orange or lemon-peel, used
to give flavor to liquor ; or the fine thin oil that spurts out
of it when squeezed; also, the woody, thick skin quar-
tering the kernel of a walnut. 2. Relish ; something that
gives a pleasant taste ; or the taste itself. • ^
ZEST, V. t. 1. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten
taste or relish. 2. To cut the peel of an orange or lemon
from top to bottom into thin slips ; or to squeeze the peel
over the surface of any thing.
Ze'TA, re. 1. A Greek letter. 2. A little closet or cham-
ber, with pipes running along the walls, to convey into it
fresh air, or warm vapor from below.
ZE-TET'I€, a. [Gr. ^tjTeu).] That seeks ; that proceeds by
inquiry. The zetetic method, in mathematics , is that used
in investigation.
ZEuG'MA, re. [Gr. ^evyfta.} A figure in grammar, by
which an adjective or verb which agrees with a nearer
word, is, by way of supplement, referred to another more
remote.
ZIB'ET, re. An animal of the genus viverra. Cyc.
ZIG'ZAG, a. Having short turns.
ZIG'ZAG, re. Something that has short turns or angles.
ZIG'ZAG, V. t. To form with short turns.
ZIMENT WA'TER, or COP'PER WA'TER, is a name
given to water found in copper mines ; water impregna-
ted with copper.
ZIM'OME, ; re. [Gr. ^i;u»7.] One of the constituents of glu-
ZYM'OME, \ ten. Vre. '
ZINC, ) re. [G,, Sw., Dan. zink. The latter orthography,
ZIJVK, \ link, is the more correct.] A metal of a brilliant
white color, with a shade of blue.
ZIN-KIF'ER-OUS, a. [zink, and L. /ero.] Producing
zink.
ZINK'Y, a. Pertaining to zink, or having its appearance.
ZiR'GON, re. Called also jar^oreo/ Ceylon, a mineral origin-
ally found in Ceylon, in the sands of rivers.
ZIR-€o'NI-A, re. A peculiar earth obtained from the gem
zircon ; a fine, vvliite powder Cyc.
ZiR'CO-NITE, re. A variety of the zircon.
ZIR-€o'NI-UM, re. The metallic basis of zirconia.
ZIV'O-LO, re. A bird resembling the yellow-hammer
ZIZ'EL, n. The suslik or earless marmot. Cuvier.
Z0€'€0, ZO'CLE, or ZOC^GO-LO, re. [It. zoccolo ; from
L. soccus.] A square body under the base of a pedestal
&c., serving for the support of a bust, statue or column.
ZO'DI-AC, re. [Fr. zodiaquc ; It., Sp. zodiaco ; L. lodiacus.']
1. A broad circle in the heavens, containing the twelve
signs through which tlie sun passes in its annual course
2. A girdle.
ZO-Dl'A-€AL, a. Pertaining to the zodiac. — Zodiacal light^
a luminous track or space in the heavens, resembling thalf
of the milky -way.
ZOIS'ITE, re. [from Kan Zois.] A mineral.
ZONE, re. [L. zona ; Gr. ^wv??.] 1. A girdle. Dryden.—2
In geography, a division of the earth, with respect to tho
temperature of different latitudes. 3. Circuit; circumfer-
ence.
Zoned, «. Wearing a zone. Pope.
ZoNE'LESS, a. Not having a zone. Cowper.
ZON'NAR, re. A belt or girdle, which the Christians and
Jews in the Levant are obliged to wear, to distinguish
them from the Mohammedans.
ZO-OG'RA-PHER, re. One who describes animals, their
forms and habits.
ZO-O-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to the description of
animals.
ZO-OG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. ^wov and ypa<p(i}.] A description
of animals, their forms and habits.
Zo'0-LITE, re. [Gr. ^^joov and \i6os.] An animal substance,
petrifieu or fossil. Mm-in.
ZO-0-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to zoology.
ZO-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the principles of
zoology. Laivrence.
ZO-OL'0-GIST, re. One who is well versed in the natural
history of animals, or who describes animals.
Z0-0L'0-6Y, re. [Gr. ^wov and Aoyoj.] A treatise on ani-
mals, or the science of animals ; that branch of natural
history which respects the forms, classification, history
and habits of animals.
ZO-ON'I€, a. [Gr. |wov.] Pertaining to animals.
ZO-ON'O-MY, re. [Gr. ^wov and vo//off.] The laws of ani-
mal life, or the science which treats of the phenomena of
animal life, their causes and relations.
Zo'0-PHlTE. See Zoophyte.
Z0-OPfi'O-RI€, a. [Gr. ^wov and d>op£w.] The zoophoric
column is one which sui)ports the figure of an animal.
ZO-OPH'O-RUS, re. In ancient architecture, the same with
the frieze in modern architecture ; a part between the ar
♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BlLILTi. UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete
ZUM
mo
ZYG
.'.hitravR and corrice : so called from the figures of animals
carved upon it.
Zo'0-PH"5TE, n. [Gr. ^o) ov and fvTov.] In natural history,
a body supposed to partake of the nature both of an ani-
mal and a vegetable, such as madrepores.
Zo-<)-PHY-TO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to zoophytology.
Zo-0-PHY-T0L'()-6Y, n. [zoophyte, and Gr. Aoyoj.] The
natural history of zoophytes. Ed. Encyc.
ZO-OT'0-MIST, n. One who dissects the bodies of brute
animals ; a comparative anatomist.
ZO-OT'0-MY, n. [Gr. ^mov and rcjuvw.J Anatomy; partic-
ularly, the dissecting of bodies of beasts or brute animals ;
comparative anatomy.
ZOR'IL, n. A fetid animal of the weasel kind.
ZUF'FO-LO, n. [It. zufolo.] A little flute or flageolet,
especially that which is used to teach birds.
ZtJ'MATE, n. A combination of the zumic acid and a sali-
fiable base. Ure.
Zu'Mie, a. [Gr. i^u/i??, ferment.] The zumic acid is procuf
ed from many acescent vegetable substances. Ure.
ZU-M0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to zumology.
ZU-MOL'0-GIST, n. One who is skilled in the fermentation
of liquors.
ZU-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ^vyni and \oyog.'] A treatise on the
fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of fermentation.
ZU-MO-SIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ^vjxwcng and //erpEw.] An in-
strument proposed by Swammerdam for ascertaining the
degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of dif-
ferent liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire
in fermentation.
ZUR'LITE, n. A Vesuvian mineral.
ZYG-0-DA€'TY-LOUS, a. [Gr. ^tyow and oaKruXos.]
Having the toes disposed in pairs.
ZYG-0-MAl''I€, a. [Gr. ^svyiia.] Pertaining to a bone of
the head, called also os jugale, or cheek-bone, or to the
bony arch under which the temporal muscle
APPENDIX.
A-BAN-DON-EE', n. One to whom any thing is abandoned,
in law. [tiful. See Esthetic.
^S-THET'ie, a. Pertaining to the perception of the beau-
iES-THET'I€S, n. [Gr. aiaerivis.] The science which
treats of the beautiful. See Esthetics, [praise or dispraise.
AG-NO'MEN, n. A name given to a person by way of
AR-TILL'ER-Y-MAN, n. One who serves the artillery in
war.
AS'TRALL-AMP, n. A lamp surrounded with a semi-trans-
parent shade. [mythology.
AV-A-TAR', 71. The incarnation of the Deity, in the Hmduo
BAR'ET, n. A cardinal's cap.
BAR'0-NET-CY, n. The condition or rank of a baronet.
BAT'TLE-MENT-ED, a. Having battlements. [guard.
BLA€K'GUARD-ISM, n. The state or conduct of a black-
BLAGK'STRAP, n. A coarse liquor drank by the vulgar.
BLUFF'Y, a. Abounding in bluffs or bold points of coast.
BOOT'-JAGK, n. A machine for drawing off boots, [men.
B0X'-€6AT, n. An overcoat or surtout used first by coach-
BUG'GY, n. A small carriage without a top.
BUNG'A-L5W, n. A kind of boat used in Hindostan.
€AL'LIS-THEN-I€, a. Pertaining to callisthenics.
€AL'LIS-THEN-I€S, n. [Gr. KaWog and aOevog.] Exer-
cises designed to promote grace of movement and strength
CA-PoTE', V. An outer garment worn in the East, [of body.
€ART'-WHIP, n. A large whip used in driving animals in
carts.
CHIV'AL-Rie, a. Partaking of the character of chivalry.
eOM-MIT'TAL, 71. The act of committing or state of being
committed to custody. Lord Eldon.
€ON'STI-TU-TED AU-THOR'I-TIES, n. The magistrates
or governors of a people. H. More.
€ON-TRIB'U-TA-BLE, a. That can be contributed.
eON-TRO-VER'SIALr-LY, adv. In a controversial manner.
€ON-VER-Sa'TION-AL, a. Belonging to conversation.
€0UN-TER-A€'TIVE, a. Having the quality of counter-
acting, [or rocks.
€RAGS'MAN, n. One who is accustomed to traverse crags
eRc^U'Ff-ER, 71. One who sits at the foot of a table.
CYN'I-CISM, 71. Austerity; churlish severity of temper.
DoNK'EY, 71. An ass used for the saddle.
DoOR'-WAY, 71. The passage of a door. [trovi^sers.
DRILL'ING, 71. A coarse linen or cotton cloth used for
D"2E, 71. Color ; tinge.
EF-FEN'DI, 71. A Turkish ofiicer of hi^h rank.
EM'BOU-CHURE, ti. The mouth of a river. [subject.
EX-PO-SE', (ex-po-za') ti. An exhibition or statement of a
FEtJ'DAL-IZE, V. t. To reduce to a feudal state.
FO'RAY, 71. An irregular and sudden excursion in border
FRoN'TAL, a. Belonging to the forehead. [warfare.
GRAIS'INGS, 71. Pastures.
GROINED (arch), a. Having an angular curve made by
the intersection of two semi-cylinders or arches^
HEEL' -TAP, 71. A small piece of leather for the heel of a
boot or shoe. . , , , .
HOOK' AH, 71. A Turkish pipe, in which the smoke is made
to 'pass through water, for the sake of being cooled.
HUM'BUG, V. t. To deceive for the purpose of ridicule.
[A low word.\
'■ [images.
I-eON 0-€LASM, 7t. The act of breaking or destroying
IM-PEL'LENT, a. Having the quality of impelling.
IN-DiCT-EE',(in-dlte-e') n. A person whois indicted.
IN-EX-PLIC'IT, a. Not explicit or clear in statement.
IR'ON-BOUND, a. 1. Bound with iron. 2. Ragged ; rocky;
as, an iron-bound coast.
IR'ON-FOUN^D-ER, 7i. One who makes iron castings.
IR'ON-FOUND-ER-Y, 71. The place where iron castings
are made.
IS-O-La'TION, 71. The state of being insulated or alone.
LAM'MAR-GEER, 71. The Alpine vulture.
LAND'AM-MAR, 7i. The chief magistrate of some of the
LAND'OWN-ER, ti. One who owns land. [Swiss cantons.
MAN'U-AL EX'ER-CISE, ti. The exercise of soldiers with
MAR'KET-A-BLE, a. Fit for market or sale, [their arms
MILL'-WRlGHT, 7i. One who constructs mills.
MOON'SHEE, 71. An interpreter in Hindostan.
MO-RAL'I-TY, 71. A kind of old play.
MULE, 71. An instrument for spinning.
MULE'-SPIN-NER, 71. One who spins on a mule.
MYS'TER-Y, 71. A kind of old play.
Pa'LIMP-SEST, 71. A kind of manuscript which has been
written over a second time.
PAN'DOOR, 71. A kind of soldier.
PAN-0-RAM'I€, a. Belonging to or like a panorama.
PAR'0-DIST, n. une who makes parodies.
PkAK'ED, a. Pointed ; angular.
PLa'TEAU, (plato) 71. A broad, flat space
POO'DLE, v. a kind of small dog.
PoST'-BILL, 71. A bill or return made up at the post-office
RAD'I-€AL, 71. One who would carry changes in govern-
ment to their extremest limit.
RAD'I-€AL-ISM, 71. The spirit of a radical.
RaIL-RoAD, 71. A road constructed with two iron bars or
rails for the wheels of carriages, in order to diminish fric
tion.
RaIL-WAY, 71. A way consisting of two iron bars for the
wheels of carriages, to diminish friction.
RE-DEMP'TIVE, a. Pertaining to redemption.
RE-FlN'ING, n. The act of using too much refinement or
RE-FIT'MENT, 71. Fitting out a second time. [subtlety.
RE-FOR'MA-TO-RY, a. Having a tendency to produce
reformation.
SENS'D-AIi-ISM, Tt. A state of subjection to sensual feel-
ing and appetite. [of book-binding.
SKl'VERS, 71. Sheepskins split or divided for the purpose
SHIN'GLY, a. Abounding with gravel or shingle.
SILT, V. i. To choke with mud.
Su'TURED, a. Knit or united together
TIL'BU-RY, V. A kind of gig or two-wheeled carriage
without a top.
ToW'-BoAT, 71. A boat which is drawn or towed.
TRAP'PER, n. One whose occupation it is to entrap wild
animals. United States.
VAN, 71. A large covered carriage for the transportation of
goods England. [cellence of voice
VO'€AL-IST, 71. A public singer, distinguished for ex-
WaY'-BILL, 71. A list of the passengers in a stage-coach
Weird, n. a spell. [United States
WELL-AP-POINT'ED, a. Thoroughly equipped or pre
vided ; as, a well-appointed axiny.
A KEY
TO THE
CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION
OP
GREEK, LATIN, AND SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES ;
IN WHICH
THE WORDS' ARE ACCENTED AND DIVIDED INTO SYLLABLES EXACTLY AS THEY OUGHT
TO BE PRONOUNCED, ACCORDING TO RULES DRAWN FROM
ANALOGY AND THE BEST USAGE.
TERMINATtONAL VOCABULAL
OP
HEBREW, GREEK, AND LATIN PROPER N
IN WHICH
THE WORDS ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR FINAL SYLLABLES, AND CLASSED AOCX^
TO THEIR ACCENTS ; BY WHICH THE GENERAL ANALOGY OP PRONUNCIATION
MAY BE SEEN AT ONE VIEW, AND THE ACCENTUATION OF
EACH WORD MORE EASILY REMEMBERED.
BY JOHN WALKER,
AUTHOR OF THE CRITICAL PRONOUNCING DICTIONARl
NEW YORK :
PUBLISHED BY N. AND J. WHITE.
STEREOTYPED AT THE BOSTON TYPE AND STEREQTYI'li FOUNDRY.
1838.
PREFACE.
THE Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Lan-
guage naturally suggested an idea of the present work. Proper
names from the Greek and Latin form bo considerable a part
of every cultivated living language, that a Dictionary seems
to be imperfect without tliem. Polite scholars, indeed, are
seldom at a loss for the pronunciation of words they so fre-
9'iently meet with in the learned languages ; but there are
great numbers of respectable English scholars, who, having
only a tincture of classical learning, are much at a loss for a
knowledge of this part of it. It is not only the learned profes-
sions that require this knowledge, but almost every one above
the merely mechanical. The professors of painting, statuary,
and music, and those who admire their works ; readers of
history, politics, poetry ; all who converse on subjects ever
so little above the vulgar, have so frequent occasion to pro-
nounce these proper names, that whatever tends to render this
pronunciation easy must necessarily be acceptable to the
public.
The proper names in Scripture have still a higher claim to
our attention. That every thing contained in that precious
repository of divine truth ehonld be rendered as easy as possi-
ble to the reader, cannot be doubted : and the very frequent
occasions of pronouncing Scripture proper names, in a country
where reading the Scripture makes part of the religious wor-
ship, seem to demand some work on this subject more perfect
than any we have hitherto seen.
I could have wished it had been undertaken by a person of
more learning and leisure than myself ; but we often wait in
vain for works of this kind, from those learned bodies which
ought to produce them, and at last are obliged, for the best
we can get, to the labours of some necessitous individual.
Being long engaged in the instruction of youth, I felt the want
of a work of this kind, and have supplied it in the best manner
I am able. If 1 have been happy enough to be useful, or only
so far useful as to induce some abler hand to undertake the
subject, I shall think my labor amply rewarded. 1 shall
still console myself with reflecting, that he who has produced
a prior work, however inferior to those that succeed it, is
under a very different predicament from him who produces an
after-work, inferior to those that have gone before.
ADVERTISEMENT
TO THE SECOND EDITION
THE favorabi.9 reception of the first edition of this work
Bas induced me to attempt to make it still more worthy of
the acceptance of the public, by the addition of several critical
observations, and particularly by two Terminalional Vocab-
ularies, of Greek and Latin, and Scripture Proper Names.
That so much labor should be bestowed upon an inverted
arrangement of these words, when they had already been
given in their common alphabetical order, may be matter of
wonder to many persons, who will naturally inquire into the
utility of such an arrangement. To these it may be answered,
that the words of all languages seem more related to each
other by their terminations than by their beginnings j that the
Greek and Latin languages seem more partieularly to be thus
related ; and classing them according to their endings seemed
to exhibit a new view of these languages, both curious and
useful . for, as their accent and quantity depend so much on
their termination, such an arrangement appeared to give an
easier and more comprehensive idea of their pronunciation
than the common classification by their initial syllables.
This end was so aesirabie as to induce rne to spare no painb.
however dry and disgusting, to promote it ; and, if the method
I have taken has failed, my labor will not be entirely lost,
if it convince fut.i>« prosodists that it is not anwortby of their
attention.
CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTION,
TBE pronunciation of Greek and Latin not so difficult
as that of our own language, Page 945
The ancient pronunciation of Greek and Latin a subject
of great controversy among the learned, .... 945
The English, howevep faulty in their pronunciation of
Greek and Latin, pronounce them, like other European
nations,according to the analogy oftheir own language, 945
Sufficient vestiges remain to prove that the foreign pro-
nunciation of the Greek and Latin letters is nearer to
the ancient than the English— (Note) 945
The English pronimciation of Greek and Latin injuri-
ous to 'juantity, . 945
No sufficient reason for altering the present pronuncia-
tion on these accounts, Page 94t
Rule for accenting Latin words, ... . . 94§
Rule for accenting Greek proper names, . 946
Probable conjecture why the terminations tia ana Uo in
Greek appellatives have not the same socnd as in
Latin— (Note) .... 94f
Importance of settling the English quantity with
which we pronounce Greek and Latin proper
names, and particularly that of the unaccented
syllables, .94".
INTRODUCTION.
The pronunciation of the learned languages is much more
easily acquired than that of our own. Whatever might have
been the Variety of the different dialects among the Greeks,
and the different provinces of the Romans, their languages,
now being dead, are generally pronounced according to the
respective analogies of the several languages of Europe, where
those languages are cultivated, without partaking of those
anomalies to which the living languages are liable.
Whethei one general, uniform pronunciation of the ancient
languages be an object of sufficient importance to induce the
learned to depart from the analogy of their own language,
and to study +he ancient Latin and Greek pronunciation, as
they do the etymology, syntax and prosody of those lan-
guages, is a question not very easy to be decided. The ques-
tion becomes still more difficult when we consider the uncer-
tainty we are in sespecting the ancient pronunciation of the
Greeks and Romans, and how much the learned are divided
among themselves about it.* Till these points are settled,
the English may well be allowed to follow their own pronun-
ciation of Greek and Latin, as well as other nations, even
though it should be confessed that it seems to depart more
from" what we can gather of the ancient pronunciation, than
either the Italian, French or German. f For why the English
should pay a compliment to the learned languages, which ,is
not done by any other nation in Europe, ii is not easy to con-
ceive ; and as the colloquial communication of learned indi-
viduals of different nations so seldom happens, and is an ob-
ject of so small importance when it does happen, it is not
much to be regretted that when they meet they are scarce-
ly intelligible to each other.J
* Middleton contends that the initial c before e and i ought
to be pronounced as the Italians now pronounce it ; and that
Cicero is neither Sisero, as the French and English pronounce
it ; nor Kikero, as Dr. Bentley asserts ; but Tchitchero, as the
Italians pronounce it at this day. This pronunciation, how-
ever, is derided by Lipsius, who affirms that the c among the
Romans had always the sound of k. Lipsius says, too, that, of
all the European nations, the British alone pronounce the i
properly ; but Middleton asserts, that of all nations they pro-
nounce it the worst. Middleton De Lat. Liter. Pronun. Dissert.
Lipsius, speaking of the different pronunciation of the letter
G in different countries, says,
Nos hodie (de litera O loquente) quim peccamus ? Italo-
rum enim plerique ut Z exprimunt, Galli et Belgee ut Jcon-
sonantem. Itaque illorum est Lezere, Fuzere ; nostrum, Leiere,
Fuiere,{Lejere, Fujere). Omnia imperite, inepte. Germanos
saltem audite, quorum sonus hie germanus, Legere, Tegere ,-
ut in Lego, Tego, nee unquam variant : at nos ante /, E, ^,
Y, semper dici°musque Jemmam, Jcetulos, Jinjivam, Jyrv,m ;
pro istis, Gemmam, Gcetulos, Gingivam, Gyrum. Mutemus
aut vapulemus. — Lipsius. De Rect. Pron. Ling. Lat. page 7L
Hmc factum est ut tanta in pronunciando varietas extiteret
ut pauci inter se in literarum sonis consentiant. Q,uod qui-
dem mirum non esset, si indocti tantum a doctis in eo, ac non
ipsi etiam alioqui eruditi inter se magna contentione disside-
rent. — Adolp. Meker. De Lin. Grec. vet. Pronun. cap. ii.
page 15.
I Monsieur Launcelot, the learned author of the Port-Royal
Greek Grammar, in order to convey the sound of the long
Greek vowel rj, tells us, it is a sound between the e and the a,
and that Eustathius, who lived towards the close of the
twelfth century, says, that (Sfj, (ir}, is a sound made in imi-
tation of the bleating of a sheep ; and quotes to this purpose
this verse of an ancient writer called Cratinus ;
' O 6' h'^^iStos wanep npajSarov, jSi?, (irj, Xiywv 0a5i^ei.
Is fatuus perinde ac ovis, be, be, dicens, incedit.
He, like a silly sheep, goes crying baa.
Caninius has remarked the same, Hellen. p. 26. E longum.
cujus sonus in ovium
balatu sentitur, ut Cratinus et Varro tra-
diderunt. The sound of the e long may be perceived in the bleatr
in''- of sheep, as Cratinus and Varro have handed down to us.
Eustathius likewise remarks upon the 499 v. of Iliad I. that
the word BAdt// hriv b nn KXe^^^paj I'jxos ixiixtjtlkws^ Kara
Ttig naXaim ; jirj Ix^i ^i\).r]<^iv Trpo^dr-j)V <pujvrjs- "Kparivos.
BXot^ est Clepsydrae sonus, ex imitationB secundum veteres ;
et i3rj imitatur vocem ovium. Blops, according to the an-
cients, is a sound in imitation of the Clepsydra, as baa is ex-
pwsiive of the voice of sheep. It were to be wished that
But the English are accused not only of departing from the
genuine sound of the Greek and Latin vowels, but of vio-
lating the quantity of these languages more than tlie people
of any other nation in Europe. The author of the Essay
upon the Harmony of Language gives us a detail of the par-
ticulars by which this accusation is proved : and this is so
true a picture of the English pronunciation of Latin, that I
shall quote it at length, as it may be of use to those who
are obliged to learn this language without the aid of a
teacher.
" The falsification of the harmony by English scholars in
their pronunciation of Latin, with regard to essential points,
arises from two causes only : first, from a total inattention to
the length of vowel sounds, making them long or short merely
as chance directs } and, secondly, from sounding double con-
sonants as only one letter. The remedy of this last fault is
obvious. With regard to the first, we have already observed,
that each of our vowels hath its general long sound and its
general short sound totally different. Thus the short sound
of e lengthened is expressed by the letter a, and the short
sound of i lengthened is expressed by the letter e .- and with
all these anomalies usual in the application of vowel charac-
ters to the vowel sounds of our own language, we proceed
to the application of vowel sounds to the vowel characters
of the Latin. Thus, in the first syllable of sidus and nomen,
which ought to be long, and of miser and onus, which ought
to be short, we equally use the common long sound of the
vowels ; but in the oblique cases, sideiis, nominis, raiseri, one-
ris, &c., we use quite another sound, and that a short one.
These strange anomalies are not in common to us with our
the sound of every Greek vowel had been conveyed to us by
as faithful a testimony as the jjTa ; we should certainly havts
had a better idea of that harmony for which the Greek lan-
guage was so famous, and in which respect duintilian can-
didly yields it the preference to the Latin.
Aristophanes has handed down to us the pronunciation of
the Greek diphthong av av, by making it expressive of the
barking of a dog. This pronunciation is exactly like that
preserved by nurses and children among us to this day in
bow wow. This is the sound of the same letters in the Latin
tongue ; not only in proper names derived from Greek, but in
every other word where this diphthong occurs. Most nations
in Europe, perhaps all but the English, pronounce audio and
laudo, as if written owdio and lowdo ; the diphthong sound-
ing like ou in loud. Agreeably to this rule, it is prrjsamod
that we formerly pronounced the apostle Paul nearer the origin
nal than at present. In Henry the Eighth's time it was writ-
ten St. Poule's, and sermons were preached at Poule^s Cross,
The vulgar, generally the last to alter, either for the bettor
or worse, still have a jingling proverb with this pronuncia-
tion, when they say, As old as Ponies.
The sound of the letter u is no less sincerely preserved in
Plautus, in Menaech. page 622, edit. Lambin, in making use
of it to imitate the cry of an owl —
" MEN. Egon' dedi? PEN. Tu, Tu, Istic, inquam, vin' affer-
ri noctuam,
duae tu, tu, usque dicat tibi .' nam nos jam nos defessi su-
mus."
"It appears here," says Mr. Forster, in his defence of the
Greek accents, page 129, " that an owl's cry was tu, tu, to a
Roman ear, as it is too, too, to an English." Lambin, who
was a Frenchman, observes on the passage, " Alludit ad noc-
tuae vocem seu cantum, tu, tu, seu tou, tou.'" He here alludes
to the voice or noise of an owl. It may be farther observed
that the English have totally departed from this sound of the
u in their own language, as well as in their pronunciation of
Latin.
% Erasmus se adfuisse dim commemorat cum die quortam
solenni complures principum legati ad Maximilianum Impera-
torem salutandi causal advenissent ; Singulosque Galium, Ger-
manum, Danum, Scotum, &c. orationem Latinam, ita bar-
bare ac vaste pronunciasse, ut Italis quibusdam, nihil nisi
risum moverint, qui eos non Latine sed sua quemque lingua,
locutos jurassent —Middleton, De Lat. Lit. Pronun.
The love of the marvellous prevails over truth : and I ques
tion if the greatest diversity in the pronunciation of Latin ex
ceeds that of English at the capital and in some of the coun
ties of Scotland, and yet the inhabitants of both have no great
difficulty in understanding each other.
946
INTRODUCTION.
southern neighbours, the French, Spaniards and Italians.
They pronounce sid^is, according to our orthography, seedus,
and in the oblique cases preserve the same long sound of the i .-
nomen they pronounce as we do, and preserve in the oblique
cases the same long sound of the o. The Italians also, in their
own language, pronounce doubled consonants as distinctly as
the two most discordant mutes of their alphabet. Whatever,
therefore, they may want of expressing the true harmony of
the Latin language, they certainly avoid the most glaring and
absurd faults in our manner of pronouncing it.
" It is a matter of curiosity to observe with what regularity
we use these solecisms in the pronunciation of Latin. When
the penultimate is accented, its vowel, if followed but by a
single consonant, is always long, as in Dr. Forster's examples.
When the antepenultimate is accented, its vowel is, without
any regard to the requisite quantity, pronounced short, as in
7nirdbile, frigidus ; except the vowel of the penultimate be fol-
lowed by a vowel, and then the vowel of the antepenultimate
is with as little regard to true quantity pronounced long, as in
maneo, redeat, odium, imperium. Cluantity is, however, vitiated
to make i short even in this case, as in oblivio, vinea, virium.
The only difference we make in pronunciation betv/een vinea
and venia is, that to the vowel of the first syllable of the former,
which ought to be long, we give a short sound 5 to that of the
latter, which ought to be short, we give the same sound, but
lengthened. U accented is always, before a single consonant,
pronounced long, as in humerus, fugiens. Before two conso-
nants no vowel sound is ever made long, except that of the
diphthong au ; so that, whenever a doubled consonant occurs,
the preceding syllable is short.* Unaccented vowels we treat
with no more ceremony in Latin than in our own language."
EiTiay upon the Harmony of Language, page 224. Printed for
Robson, 1774.
This, it must be owned, is a very just state of the case ; but
though the Latm quantity is thus violated, it is not, as this
writer observes in the first part of the quotation, merely as
r.hance directs, but, as he afterwards observes, regularly, and,
he might have added, according to the analogy of English pro-
nunciation, which, it may be observed, has a genius of its
own ; and which, if not so well adapted to the pronunciation
of Greek and Latin as some other modern languages, has as
fixed and settled rules for pronouncing them as any other.
The learned and ingenious author next proceeds to show the
advantages of pronouncing our vowels so as to express the
Latin quantity. " We have reason to suppose," says he,
" that our usual accentuation of Latin, however it may want
of many elegancies ia the pronunciation of the Augustan age,
is yet sufficiently just to give with tolerable accuracy that
part of the general harmony of the language of which accent is
the efficient. We have also pretty full information from the
poets what syllables ought to have a long, and what a short
quantity. To preserve, then, in our pronunciation, the true
harmony of the language, we have only to take care to give
the vowels a long sound or a short sound, as the quantity may
require ; and, when doubled consonants occur, to pronounce
each distinctly." Ibid, page 228. f
In answer to this plea for alteration, it may be observed,
that if this mode of pronouncing Latin be that of foreign na-
tions, and were really so superior to our own, we certainly
* This corruption of the true quantity is not, however, pecu-
liar to the English ; for Beza complains in his country: Hinc
enim fit ut in Greeca oratione vel nullum, vel prorsus corrup-
tum numerum intelligas, dum multae breves producuntur, et
contra plunmsB longee corripiuntur. Beza de Germ. Fron.
GrsecJE Linguae, p. 50.
I By what this learned author has observed of our vicious
pronunciation of the vowels, by the long and short sound of
them, and from the instances he has given, he must mean that
length and shortness which arises from extending and contract-
ing them, independently of the obstruction which two conso-
nants are supposed to occasion in forming the long quantity.
Thus we are to pronounce manus as if written and divided
into man-nus ,- and pannus as if written pay-nus, or as Ave
always hear the word paiiis (bread) ; for in this sound of pan-
nus there seemE to be no necessity for pronouncing the two
consonants distinctly or separately, which he seems to mean
by distinctly, because the quantity is shown by the long sound
of the vowel : but if by distinctly he means separately, that is,
as if what is called in French the scheva or mute e were to fol-
low the first consonant, this could not be done without adding
a syllable to the word ; and the word pannus would in that
case certainly have three syllables, as if written pan-eh-nus.
\ That is, in the general pronunciation of Greek ; for, let
the written accent be placed where it will, the quantitative
accent, as it may be called, follows the analogy of the Latin.
§"The Greek language," says the learned critic, "was
happy in not being understood by the Goths, who would as
certainly have cor^-upted the t in aMa, oiriov, &,c. into
aiaia, loaiov, &.C. as they did the Latin " motio and doceo
into mosnio and dosheo.''* This, however, may be questioned;
for if in Latin words this impure sound of « take place only in
» Ainsworth on the letter T.
must percei%'e it in the pronunciation of foreigners, when we
visit them, or they us : but I think I may appeal to the expe-
rience of every one who has had an opportunity of making the
experiment, that, so far from the superiority being on the side
of the foreign pronunciation, it seems much inferior to our
own. I am aware of the power of habit, and of its being able,
071 many occasions, to make the worse appear the better reason
but if the harmony of the Latin language depended so much
on a preservation of the quantity as many pretend, this har-
mony would surely overcome the bias we have to our own
pronunciation ; especially if our own were really so destructive
of harmony as it is said to be. Till, therefore, we have a
more accurate idea of the nature of quantity, and of that beauty
and harmony of which it is said to be the efficient in the pro
nunciation of Latin, we ought to preserve a pronunciation
which has naturally sprung up in our own soil, and is congenial
to our native language. Besides, an alteration of this kind
would be attended with so much dispute and imcertainty as
must make it highly impolitic to attempt it.
The analogy, then, of our own language being the rule for
pronouncing the learned languages, we shall have little occa-
sion for any other directions for the pronunciation of the Greek
and Latin proper names, than such as are given for the pro-
nunciation of English words. The general rules are followed
almost without exception. The first and most obvious power9
of the letters are adopted, and there is scarcely any difficulty
but in the position of the accent ; and this depends so much on
the quantity of the vowels, that we need only inspect a dic-
tionary to find the quantity of the penultimate vowel, and this
determines the accent of all the Latin words ; and, it may be
added, of almost all Greek words likewise. J Now, in our pro-
nunciation of Latin words, whatever be the quantity of the
first syllable in a word of two syllables, we always place the
accent on it : but in words of more syllables, if the penulti-
mate be long, we place the accent on that ; and if short we
accent the antepenultimate.
The Rules of the Latin Accentuation are comprised in a
clear and concise manner by Sanctius within four hexameters :
Accentum in se ipsa monosyllaba dictio ponit.
Exacuit sedem dissyllabon omne priorem.
Ex tribus, extollit primam penultima curta :
Extollit seipsam quando est penultima longa.
These rules I have endeavored to express in English verse :
Each monosyllable has stress of course ;
Words of two syllables the first enforce :
A syllable that's long, and last but one.
Must have the accent upon that or none ;
But if this syllable be short, the stress
Must on the last but two its force express.
The only difference that seems to obtain between the pro-
nunciation of the Greek and Latin languages, is that, in the
Latin, ti and si, preceded by an accent, and followed by another
vowel forming an improper diphthong, are pronounced as in
English, like sh or zh, as natio, nation ; persuasio, persua^on,
Sec; and that, in the Greek, the same letters retain their pure
sound, as (pCXauria, ayvuicia, npo^ariov, k. t. A.$ This dif-
those words where the accent is on the preceding vowel, as in
natio, facio, &c.; but not when the accent follows the t, and is
on the following vowel, as in satietas, societas, &c., why should
we suppose any other mode of pronunciation would have been
adopted by the Goths in their pronouncing the Greek ? Now
no rule of pronunciation is more uniform in the Greek lan-
guage than that which places an acute on the iota at the end
of words, when this letter is succeeded by a long vowel ; and,
consequently, if the accent be preserved upon the proper letter,
it is impossible the preceding t and s should go into the sound
of sh ; svhy, therefore, may we not suppose that the very fre-
quent accentuation of the penultimate i before a final vowel
preserved the preceding r from going into the sound of sh, as
it was a difference of accentuation that occasioned this im-
pure sound oft in the Latin language? for though i at the end
of words, when followed by a long vowel, or a vowel once
long and afterwards contracted, had always the accent on it
in Greek, in Latin the accent was always on the preceding
syllable in words of this termination ; and hence seems to have
arisen the corruption of t in the Gothic pronunciation of the
Latin language.
It is highly probable, that in Lucian's time the Greek r,
when followed by i and another vowel, had not assumed the
sound of (7 ; for the Sigma would not have failed to accuse him
of a usurpation of her powers, as he had done of her character ;
and if we have preserved the r pure in this situation when we
pronounce Greek, it is, perhaps, rather to be placed to the
preserving power of the accented i in so great a number of
words, than any adherence to the ancient rules of pronuncia-
tion ; which invariably affirm that the consonants had but
one sound ; unless we except the y before y, k, j^, | ; as ayye^
\og, ayKvpa, ay^icra, k. t. X. where the y is sounded like v :
but this, says Henry Stephens, is an error of the copyists, who
have a little extended the bottom of the v, and made a y of it ;
for, says he, it is ridiculous to suppose that v was changed
into y, and at the same time that y should be pronounced like v
INTRODUCTION.
947
ference, however, with very few exceptions, does not extend
to proper names ; which, coming to us tlirough, and being
mingled with, the Latin, fall into the general rule. In the
same manner, though in Greek it was an established maxim,
that if the last syllable was long, the accent could scarcely be
higher than the penultimate ; yet in our pronunciation of
Greek, and particularly of proper names, the Latin analogy
of the accent is adopted : and though the last syllable is long
in Demosthenes, Aristophanes, Theramenes, and Deiphobe,
yet, as the penultimate is short, the accent is placed on the an-
tepenultimate, exactly as if they were Latin.*
As these languages have been long dead, they admit of no
new varieties of accent like the living languages. The com-
mon accentuation of Greek and Latin may be seen in Lexicons
and Graduses ; and where the ancients indulged a variety, and
the moderns are divided in their opinions about the most clas-
sical accentuation of words, it would be highly improper, in a
work intended for general use, to enter into the thorny disputes
of the learned ; and it may truly be said, in the rhyming adage.
On the contrary, Pcaliger says, that where we find a v be-
fore these letters, as avKvpa, it is an error of the copyists, who
imagined they better expressed the pronunciation by this let-
ter, which, as Vossius observes, should seem to demand some-
thing particular and uncommon.
It is reported of Scaliger, that when he was accosted by a
Scotchman in Latin, he begged his pardon for not understand-
ing him, as he had ne\er learned the Scotch language. If
this were the case with the pronunciation of a Scotchman,
which is so near that of the continent, what would he have
said to the Latm pronunciation of an Englishman ? I take it,
however, that t^a diversity is greatly exaggerated.
* This . however, was contrary to the general practice of
When doctors disagree,
Disciples then are free.
This, howevei has not been entirely neglected. Where
there has been any considerable diversity of accentuation
among our prosodists, I have consulted the best authorities,
and have sometimes ventured to decide : though, as Labbe
says, " Sed his do rebus, ut aliis multis, male doctiorum judi-
cium expectare, quam meam in medium proferre senteniiam."
But the most important object of the present work is settling
the English quantity, (see Rules 20, 21, 22,) with which we
pronounce Greek and Latin proper names, and the sounds of
some of the consonants. These are points in a state of great
uncertainty, and are to be settled, not so much by a deep
knowledge of the dead languages, as by a thorough acquaint
ance with the analogies and general usage of our own tongue.
These must, in the nature of things, enter largely inio the
pronunciation of a dead language ; and it is from an attention
to these that the author hopes he has given to the public a
work not entirely unworthy of tneir acceptance.
the Romans ; for Victorinus in his Grammar says, Orceca
nomina, si iisdem Uteris proferuntur, (Latine versa) Oraicos
accentus habebunt: nam cumdicimus Thyas, J^Tais, acutum
habebit posterior accentum ; et cum Themistio, Calypso,
Theano, ultimam circumflecti videbimus, quod utrumque La-
tinus sermo non patitur, nisi admodum raro. " If Greek nouns
turned into Latin are pronounced with the same letters, they
have the Greek accent : for when we say, Thyas, JVais, the
latter syllable has the acute accent 5 and when we pronounce
Themistio, Calypso, Theano, we see the last syllable is cir-
curaflexed ; neither of which is ever seen in Latin words, or
very rarely." — Servius Farster. Reply, page 31. Notes 32,
bott.
RULES
FOR PRONOUNCING THE VOWELS OF
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
L EVERY Towel with the accent on it at the end of a
syllable i» pronoiinced, as in English, with its first long open
Bound : thus Ca'to,* Philome'la, Ori'on, Pho'cion, Lu'cifer,
&c., have the accented vowels sounded exactly as in the English
words pa'per, me'tre, spi'der, no'ble, tu'tor, &c.
2. Every accented vowel not ending a syllable, but followed
by a consonant, has the short sound as in English : thus
Man'lius, Pen'theus, PuVdarus, Col'chis, Cur'tius, &.C., have
the short sound of the accented vowels, as in maiVnei'^plen'ty,
piin'ter, coVla?; cur'few, &c.
3. Every final i, though unaccented, has the long open
sound : thus the final i forming the genitive case, as in ma-
gis'tri, or the plural number, as in De'cii, has the long open
sound, as in vi'al ; and this sound we give to this vowel in this
situation, because the Latin i final in genitives, plurals, and
preterperfect tenses of verbs, is always long ; and consequent-
ly, where the accented i is followed by i final, both are pro-
nounced with the long diphthongal i, like the noun eye, as
4. Every unaccented i, ending a syllable not final, as that in
the second of Alcibiades, the Hernici, <fcc., is pronounced like
c, as if written Mcebiades, the Herneci, &c. So the last syl-
lable but one of the Fabii, the Horatii, the Curiatii, &c., is
pronounced as if written Fa-be-i, Ho-ra-she-i, Cu-re-a-she-i ;
and therefore, if the unaccented i and the diphthong m con-
clude a word, they are both pronounced like e, as Harpyice,
Har-py'e-e.
5. The diphthongs cb and w, ending a syllable with the accent
on it, are pronounced exactly like the long English e, as CcBsa?;
(Eta, &c., as if written Cee'sar,E'ta,&cQ. ; and like the short
c, when followed by a consonant in the same syllable, as
Dcedalus, (Edipits, &c., pronounced as if written DeddaLus,
Eddipus, &LC. The vowels ei are generally pronounced like
long i.J — F*^'" ^he vowels eu in final syllables, see the word
Idomeneds ; and for the ou in the same syllables, see the word
Antinous, and similar words, in the Terminational Vocabu-
lary.
6. F is exactly under the same predicament as i. It is long
when ending an accented syllable, as Cy'rus ; or when ending
an unaccented syllable, if final, as JE'gy, ^'py, &:c. ; short
when joined to a consonant, in the same syllable, as Lyc'idas ;
and sometimes long and sometimes short, when ending an
initial syllable not under the accent, as Ly-cur'gus, pronounc-
ed with the first syllable like lie, a falsehood ; and Lysimachus,
with the first syllable like the first of legion ; or nearly as if
divided into Lys-im'a-chus, Sec.
7. Ji, ending an unaccented syllable, has the same obscure
sound as in the same situation in English words ; but it is a
sound bordering on the Italian a, or the a in fa-ther, as Dia'-
na, where the difierence betAveen the accented and unaccented
a is
8, E final, either with or without the preceding consonant,
always forms a distinct syllable, as Penelope, Hippocrene,
Evoe, Amphitrite, &c. When any Greek or Latin word is
Anglicised into this termination, by cutting off" a syllable of
the original, it becomes then an English word, and is pro-
* The pronunciation of Cato, Plato, Cleopatra, Sec. has been
but lately adopted. Q,uin, and all the old dramatic school, used
to pronounce the a in these and similar words like the a in fa-
ther. Mr. Garrick, with great good sense, as well as good taste,
brought in the present pronunciation, and the propriety of it
has made it now universal.
I This is the true analogical pronunciation of this letter,
when ending an accented syllable ; but a most disgraceful
affectation of foreign pronunciation has exchanged this full
diphthongal sound for the meagre, squeezed sound of the French
and Italian i, not only in almost every word derived from those
languages, but in many which are purely Latin, as FaiLstina,
Messalina, &c. Nay, words from the Saxon have been equal-
ly perverted, and we hear the i in Elfrida, Edwina, &;c. turn-
ed into Elfreeda, Edweena, &c. It is true this is the sound the
Romans gave to their i ; but the speakers here alluded to are
perfectly innocent of this, and do not pronounce it in this man-
ner for its antiquity, but its novelty.
I See Elegeia, Hygeia, &c. in the TeriHinational Vocabu-
lary of Creek and Latin Proper Names
nounced according to our o^vn analogy: thus, Acidalius,
altered to Acidale, has the final e sunk, and is a word of threo
syllables only : Proserpine, from Proserpina, undergoes tha
same alteration. Thebes and Athens, derived from the Greek
Qr)^r] and AO/yv^, and the Latin Thebce and Atkenm, are per
fectly Anglicised ; the former into a monosyllable, and the
latter into a dissyllable : and the Greek Kctjtti and the Latin
Creta have both sunk into the English nionosyllable Crete /
Hecate, likewise, pronounced in three syllables when Latin
and in the same number in the Greek word E/car;?, in Eng ■
lish is universally contracted into two, by sinking the
final e. Shakspeare seems to have begun, as he has now
confirmed this pronunciation, by so adapting the word in
Macbeth :
" Why, how now, Hecat' ? you look anger ly." — Act IV.
Perhaps this was no more than a poetical license in him ; but
the actors have adopted it in the songs in this tragedy :
^^ He-cate, He^cate, come away"
And the play-going world, who form no small portion of
what is called the better sort of people, have followed the
actors in this word, and the rest of the world have followed
them.
The Roman magistrate, named cedilis, is Anglicised by
pronouncing it in two syllables, m'dile. The capital of
Sicily, Syracusce, of four syllables, is made three in the English
Syr'acuse ; and the city of Tyrus, of two syllables, is reduced
to a monosyllable in the English Tyre.
Rules for pronouncing tlie. Consonants of Greek and
Latin Proper Names.
9. C and g are hard before a, o, and u, as Cato, Comus,
Cures, Galba, Gorgon, &c. ; and soft before e, i, and y, as
Cebes, Scipio, Scylla, Cinna, Geryon, Geta, GtWus, Gyges,
GymnosophistcB, &.c.§
10. T, s, and c, before ia, ie.ii, io, iu, and eu, preceded by the
accent, in Latin words, as in English, change into sh and z/t,
as Tatian, Statius, Portius, Portia, Socias, Caduceus, Accius,
Helvetii, Mcesia, Hesiod, Sec, pronounced Tashean, Stasheus,
Porsheus, Porshea, Sosheas, Cadusheus, Aksheus, Helveshei,
Mezhea, Heiheod, &c. But Avhen the accent is on the first of
the diphthongal vowels, the preceding consonant does not g
into sh, but preserves its sound pure, as Miltiades, Antia-
tes, &c.
11. J" and s, in proper names, ending in tia, sia, cyon, and
sion, preceded by the accent, change the t and s into sh and
ih. Thus Phocion, Sicyon, and Cercyon, are pronounced ex-
actly in our own analogy, as if written Phoshean, Sishean,
and Sershean : Artemisia and Aspasia sound as if written
Artemizhea and Aspaihea -. Galatia, Aratia, Alalia, and Ba-
tia, as if written Galashea, Arashea, Aloshea, and Bashea:
and if Atia, the town in Campania, is not so pronounced, it
is to distinguish it from Asia, the eastern region of the world.
[The author is inconsistent with himself as to the sound of ei
In the Terminational Dictionary (note on eia) he remarks that
the ei should be pronounced like double e long. For this rea-
son the accent has been placed, in the following pages, on the
letter e in all cases of this kind. See Anteius, &;c. Ed.]
§ That this general rule should be violated by smatterers in
the learned languages, in such words as gymnastic, heteroge-
neous, &:c., is not to be wondered at 5 but that men of rea.
learning, who do not want to show themselves off" to the vulgar
by such inuendoes of their erudition, should give into this ir-
regularity, is really surprising. We laugh at the pedantry
of the age of James the First, where there is scarcely a page
jn any English book, that is not sprinkled with twenty Greek
and Latin quotations ; and yet do not see the similar pedantry
of interlarding our pronunciation with Greek and Latin
sounds ; which may be affirmed to be a greater perversion of
our language than the former. In the one case, the introduction
of Greek and Latin quotations does not interfere with the.
English phraseology ; but in the other the pronunciation is
disturbed, and a motley jargon of sounds introduced, as incon-
sistent with true taste as it is with neatness and uniformity.
RULES FOR PRONOUNCING GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
949
Bat the termination tion (of which there are not even twenty
examples in proper names throughout the whole Greek and
Latin languages) seems to preserve the t from going into sh,
as the last remnant of a learned f_ronunciation ; and to avoid,
as much as possible, assimilating with so vulgar an English
termination : thus, though ^sion, Jasion, Dionysion, change
the s into z, as if written ^zion, Jazion, Dionhion, the z
does not become z7t ; but Philistion, Gration, Eurytion, Do-
tioH, Aiidrotion, Hippotion, Iphition, Ormjtion, Metian, Poly-
tion, Stration, Sotion, Caution, Pallantion, ^tlon, Hippo-
cration, and Jimphyction, preserve the t in its true sound ;
Heph(Bstion, however, from the frequency of appearing with
Alexander, has deserted the small class of his Greek compan-
ions, and joined the English multitude, oy rhyming with ques-
tion ; and Tatian and Theodotion seem perfectly Anglicised.
With very, very few exceptions, therefore, it may be conclud-
ed, that Greek and Latin proper names are pronounced alike,
and that both of them follow the analogy of English pronun-
ciation.
12. Ch. These letters before a vowel are always pronounced
like k, as Chabrias, Ckolchis, &,c. ; but when they come before
a mute consonant at the beginning of a word, us in Chthonia,
they are mute, and the word is pronounced as if written
Thonia. Words beginning Avith Sche^ as Scheduis, Schsria,
&;c., are pronounced as if written Skedius, Skerm, &c. ;
and c before n in the Latin praenomen Cneus or Cnceus is
mute ; so in Ciiopus, Cnosus, &c., and before t in Cteatiis,
and g before n in Oiiidus ,■ pronounced JVopus, J^Tosus, Teatus,
and J^TldiLS.
13. At the beginning of Greek words we frequently find
the uncombinable consonants jnn, tm, fee, as Mnemosyne,
Alnesidamus, Jilneus, Mnesteus, Tmohis, &c. These are to
be pronounced with the first consonant mute, as if written
JVemosyne, J\re$idamiis J\i''eus, J^esteus, Mollis, &c., in the
same manner as we pronounce the words idellium, pneumat-
ic, gnomon, mnemonics, &c., without the initial consonant.
The same may be obser\-ed of the c hard, like k, whf^n it
comes before t ; as Ctesiphon, Ctesippiis, &cc. Some of these
words we see sometimes written with an e or i after the first
consonant, as Menesteus, Timolus, &.C., and then the initial
consonant is pronounced.
14. Ph, followed by a consonant, is mute, as Phthia, Pkthi-
otis, pronounced Thia, Thiotis, in the same manner as the
naturalized Greek word phthisic, pronounced tisic,
15. Ps: p is mute also in this combination, as in Psyche,
Psammetichus, &.C., pronounced Syke, Sammeticus, &c.
16. Pt : p is mute in words beginning with these letters
when followed by a vowel, as Ptolemy, Pterilas, &c., pro-
nounced Tolemy, Terilas, &c. ; but when followed by I, the t
is heard, as mTlepolemus .- for, though we have no words of
our own with these initial consonants, we have many words
that end with them, and they are certainly pronounced. The
same may be observed of the z in Zmilaces.
17. The letters s, x, and z, require but little observation,
being generally pronounced as in pure English words. It
may, however, be remarked, that s, at the end of words, pre-
ceded by any of the vowels but e, has its pure hissing sound ;
as mas, dis, os, miis, &c. ; but when e precedes, it goes into
the sound of z ; as pes, Thersites, vates, &c. It may also be
observed, that when it ends a word preceded by r or n, it has
the sound of z. Thus the letter s in mens, Mars, mors, &c.,
has the same sound as in the English words hens, stars, wars,
&c. X, when beginning a word or syllable, is pronounced
like z ; as Xerxes, Xenophon, Si-C, lire pronounced Zerkzes,
Zcnophon, &c. Z is uniformly pronounced as in English'
words : thus the z in Zeno and Zeugma is pronounced as we
hear It in zeal, zone, &c.
Rules for ascei-taining tlie English Quantity of Greek
and Latin Proper Names.
18. It may at first be observed, that in words of two sylla-
bles, with but one consonant in the middle, whatever be the
quantity of the vowel in the first syllable in Greek or Lat-
in, we always make it long in English : thusCrates, the philoso-
pher, and crates, a hurdle ; deciLs, honor, and dedo, to give up ;
ovo, to triumph, and ovum, an egg ; J^Tuma, the legislator, and
J^umen, the divinity, have the first vowel always sounded
equally long by an English speaker, although in Latin the
first vowel in the first word of each of these pairs is short.*
19. On the contrary, words of three syllables, with the ac-
cent on the first, and with but one consonant after the first syl-
lable, have that syllable pronounced short, let the Greek or
Latin quantity be what it will : thus regulus and remcyra^ mimi-
cus and minium, are heard with the first vowel short in English
pronunciation, though the first words of each pair have
their first syllables long in Latin : and the m in fumigq and
fugito is pronounced long in both words, though in Latin the
last u is short. This rule is never broken but when the first
syllable is followed by e or i, followed by another vowel : in
this case the vowel in the first syllable is long, except that
vowel be i: thus lamia, genius, Libya, doceo, cupio, have the
accent on the first syllable, and this syllable is pronounced
*7he only word occurring to me at present, where thia
rule is not observed, is canon, a rule, which is always
long in every word but Libya, though in the original it is
equally short in all.
20. It must have frequently occurred to those who instruct
youth, that though the quantity of the accented syllable of
long proper names has been easily convoyed, yet that the
quantity of the preceding unaccented syllables has occasioned
some embarrassment. An appeal to the laws of our own lan-
guage would soon have removed the perplexity, and enabled
us to pronounce the initial unaccented syllables with as much
decision as the others. Thus every accented antepenultimate
vowel but u, even when followed by one consonant only, is, in
our pronunciation of Latin, as well as in English, short : thus
fabula, separo, diligo, nobilis, cucumis, have the first vowels
pronounced as in the English words capital, celebrate, simony,
solitude, luculent, in direct opposition to the Latin quantity,
which makes every antepenultimate vowel in all these words
but the last long ; and this we pronounce long, though short in
Latin. But if a semi-consonant diphthong succeed, "then every
such vowel is long but i, in our pronunciation of both languages ;
and Euganeus, Eugenia, filius, folium, dubia, have the vowel
in the antepenultimate syllable pronounced exactly as in the
English words satiate, menial, delirious, notorious, penurious ;
though they are all short in Latin but the i, which we pro-
nounce short, though in the Latin it is long.
21. The same rule of quantity takes place in those syllables
which have the secondary accent : for, as we pronounce lam
entation, demonstration, diminution, domination, lucubration,
with every vowel in the first syllable short but M, so we pro-
nounce the same vowels in the same manner in lamentatio, dem-
onstratio, diminutio, dominatio, and lucubratio .- but if a semi-
consonant diphthong succeed the secondary accent, as in ^irio-
vistus, Heliodorus, Gabinian-us, Herodianus, and Volusianus,
every vowel preceding the diphthong is long but i ; just as we
should pronounce these vowels in the English words amiability,
mediatorial, propitiation, excoriation, centuriator, &c.
22. But to reduce these rules into a smaller compass, that
they may be more easily comprehended and remembered, it
may be observed, that, as we always shorten every antepe-
nultimate vowel with the primary accent but u, unless follow-
ed by a semi-consonant diphthong, though this antepenulti-
mate vowel is often long in Greek and Latin, as ^schylus,
^schines, &cc., and the antepenultimate i, even though it be
followed by such a diphthong, as Eleusinia, Ocrisia, &c. — so
we shorten the first syllable of ^ soul apius, ^nobarbus, &c.,
because the first s}llable of both these words has the secondary
accent : but we pronounce the same vowels long in Ethiopia,
.Mgialeus, Haliartus, &c., because this accent is followed by
a semi-consonant diphthong.
23. This rule sometimes holds good where a mute and liquid
intervene, and determines the first syllable of Adrian, Adriatic,
&L.C. ; to be long like ay, and not short like addt and it is on
this analogical division of the words, so little understood or
attended to, that a perfect and a consistent pronunciation of
them depends. It is this analogy that determines the first u
to be long in stupidus, and the y short in clypea, though both
are short in the Latin ; and the o in the first syllable of Corio-
lanus, which is short in Latin, to be long in English.
24. The necessity of attending to the quantity of the vowel
in the accented syllable has sometimes produced a division of
words in the following Vocabulary that does not seem to con-
vey the actual pronunciation. Thus the words Sulpitius, Ani-
cium, Artemisium, &c., being divided into Sul-pit'i-us, A-nic'-
i-um, Ar-te-mis'i-um, &c., we fancy the syllable after the acc^iit
deprived of a consonant closely united with it in sounr"., and
which, from such a union, derives an aspirated sound equiva-
lent to sh. But as the sound of t, c, or s, in this situation, is
so generally understood, it was thought more eligiUe to divide
the words in this manner, than into Sul-pi'ti-u'j, A-ni'ci-um,
Ar-te-mi'si-um, as in the latter mode the i wants its shortening
consonant, and might, by some speakers, be {/renounced, as it
generally is in Scotland, like ee. The same may be observed
of c and g when they end a syllable, and are followed by e or i,
as in Ac-e-ra'tus, Ac-i-da'li-a, Tig-el-Wnus, Teg'y-ra, &c.,
where the c and g ending a syllable, we at first sighl think them
to have their hard sound ; but, by observing the succeeding
vowel, we soon perceive them to be soft, and only made to end
a syllable in order to determine the shortness of the vowel
which precedes.
25. The general rule, therefore, of quantity, indicated by the
syllabication adopted in the Vocabulary, is, that when a conso-
nant ends a syllable, the vowel is always' short, whether the
accent be on it or not ; and that when a vowel ends a syllable
with the accent on it, it is always long : that the vowel u,
when it ends a syllable, is long whether the accenc be on it
or not ; and that the vowel i, (3,) (4,) when it ends a syllable
without the accent, is pronounced like e ; but if the syllable be
final, it has its long open sound, as if the accent were on it ,
and the same may be observed of the letter y.
Rules for placing the Accent of Greek and Latin Proper
Names.
26. Words of two syllables, either Greek or Latin, what-
pronounced like the word cannon, a piece of ord-
nance
RULES FOR PRONOUNCING GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
950
ever be the quantity in the original, have, in English pronun-
ciation, the accent on the first syllable : and if a single con-
sonant conic between two vowels, the consonant goes to the
'ast syllable, and tne vowel in the first is long , as Cato, Ceres,
Comus, &.C.
27. Polysyllables, adopted whole from the Greek or Latin
into English, have generally the accent of ths Latin : that is,
if the penultimate be long, the accent is on it, as Sevenis,
Pemocedes, &c. ; if short, the accent is on the antepenulti-
mate, as Demosthenes, ^Aristophanes, Posthumjis, &c. See In-
troduction.
.28. When Greek or Latin proper names are Anglicised,
either by an alteration of the letters, or by cutting off the
latter syllables, the accent of the original, as in appellatives
under the same predicament, is transferred nearer to the
beginning of the word. Thus Proserpina has the accent on
the second syllable ; but when altered to Proserpine, it trans-
fers the accent to the first. The same may be observed of
Homerus, Virgilius, Horatius, Sec. when Anglicised to Homer,
Virgil, Horace, &cc.
29. As it is not very easy, therefore, so it is not necessary
to decide where doctors disagree. When reasons lie deep in
Greek and Latin etymology, the current pronunciation will
be followed, let the learned do all they can to hinder it : thus,
after Hyperion has been accented by our bes'- poets, according
to our own analogy, with the accent on the antepenultimate,
as Shakspeare :
" Hype'rion's curls, the front of Jove himself.' ' — Hamlet.
" that was to this
Hype'rion to a satyr." Ibid.
-next day after dawn.
Doth rise and help Hype'rion to his horse ^^— Henry Vth.
So Cooke, in his translation of Hesiod's Thecgony, follows the
accentuation of Shakspeare :
" Hyperion and Japhet, brothers, join :
Thea and Rhea of this ancient line
Descend ; and Themis boasts the source divine."
" The fruits of Thia and Hyperion rise,
And with refulgent lustre light the skies "
After this established pronunciation, I say, how hopeless, as
well as useless, would it be to attempt the p«rnultimate accen-
tuation, which yet ought undoubtedly to be [.»reserved in read-
ing or speaking Greek or Latin compositions , but, in reading
or speaking English, must be left to those w ho would rather
appear learned than judicious. But Acrion, Arion, Amphion,
Echion, Orion, Ixion, Pandion, Asian, Alphion, .Mrion,
Ophion, Methion, Axion, Eion, Thlexion, and Sandion, pre-
Berve their penultimate accent invariably : while Ethalion, a
word of the same form and origin, is pronounced with the
accent on the antepenultimate, like Deucalion, and Pygma-
lion-, and this, if I mistake not, is the comm^m pronunciation
of a ship in the British navy, so called from the name of one
of the Argonauts, who accompanied Jason }n his expedition
to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece.
30. The same difiiculty of deciding between common usage
and classical propriety appears in words ending in ia, as
Alexandria, Antiochia, Seleucia, Samaria, Iphigenia, and
several others, which were pronounced by our ancestors, as
appears from their poetry, according to our own analogy,
v.-ith the accent on the antepenultimate syllable ; and there is
no doubt but every word of this form would have fallen into
the same accentuation, if classical criticism had not stepped
in and prevented it. A philosophical grammarian would be
apt to think we are not much obliged to schoUrs for this inter-
ruption of the vernacular current of pronunciation ; but, as
there is so plausible a plea as that of reducing words to their
original languages, and as a knowledge of these languagen
will always be an honorable distinction among men, ic ig
strongly to be suspected that these words will not long con-
tinue in their plain, homespun English dress. This critical
correction, however, seems to have come too late for some
words, which, as Pope expresses it, have "slid into verse,"
and taken possession of our ears ; and therefore, perhap's,
the best way of disponing of them will be to consider them as
the ancients did the quantity of certain doubtful syllables,
and to pronounce them either way. Some, however, seem
always to have preserved the accent of their original Ian
guage, as Thalia and Sophia: but Iphigenia, Antiochia
Seleucia, and Samaria, nave generally yielded to the English
antepenultimate accent ; and Erijthia, Deidamia, Laodamia
Hippodamia, Apamia, Ilithyia, and Orithyia. from their
seldom appearing in mere English composition, have not
often been drawn aside into plain English pronunciation.
The same may be observed of words ending in nicus, or nice :
if they are compounded of the Greek vlkt}, the penultimate
syllable is always lung, and must have the accent, as Strato-
nicus, Berenice, &c. ; if this termination be what is called a
gentile, signifying a man by his country, the penultimate is
short, and the accent is on the antepenultimate ; as Macedon-
icus, Sardonicus, Britannicus, &c. See Andronicus.
31. Thus we see many of these proper names are of dubious
accentuation ; and the authorities which may be produced on
both sides sufficiently show us the inutility of criticising be-
yond a certain point. It is in these as in many English words :
there are some which, if mispronounced, immediately show a
want of education ; and there are others which, though not
pronounced in the most erudite manner, stamp no imputation
of ignorance or illiteracy. To have a general knowledge, there-
fore, of the pronunciation of these words, seems absolutely
necessary for those who would appear respectable in the more
respectable part of society. Perhaps no people on earth are
so correct in the accentuation of proper names as the teamed
among the English. The Port-Royal Grammar informs us,
that, " notwithstanding all the rules that can be given, we are
often under the necessity of submitting to custom, and of
accommodating our pronunciation to what is received among
the learned according to the country we are in." "So we
pronounce," says the grammarian, '■'■ Arislo'bulus, BasVlius,
Ido'lium, with the accent on the antepenultimate, though the
penultimate is long, because it is the custom : and, on the
contrary, we pronounce Andre'as, ide'a, Mari'a, &c., with
the accent on the penultimate, though it is short, because it
is the custom of the most learned. The Italians," continues
he, "place the accent on the penultimate of antonomasi'a,
harmoni'a, philosophVa, theolcgi'a, and similar words, accord-
ing to the Greek accent, because, as Ricciolius observes, it is
the custom of their country. Alvarez and Gretser th'nk we
ought always to pronounce them in this manner, though the
custom, not only of Germany and Spain, but of all France, is
against it : but Nebrissensis authorizes this last pronunciation,
and says, that it is better to place the accent of these vowels
on the antepenultimate syllable ; which shows," concludes
the grammarian, " that when we once depart from the ancient
rules, we have but little certainty in practice, which is so
different in different countries."
But however uncertain and desultory the accentuation of
many words may be, it is a great satisfaction to a speaker to
know that they are so. There is a wide difference between
pronouncing words of this kind ignorantly and knowingly.
A person \yho knows that scholars themselves differ in tiio
pronunciation of these words can always pronounce with
security : but one who is unacquainted with the state of the
accent is not sure that he is right when he really is so, and
always pronounces at his peril.
*** It is hoped the candid peruser of this work will make
allowances for an occasional error in dividing a syllable or
placing an accent, when he reflects on the dificulty with which
such a work must necesaar&y be attended. The author flat-
ters himself, however, that such attention has been paid both
to the compilation and the proofs^ that the fewest errors im-
aginable have escaped him.
PROJVUNCIATIOJV
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES,
INITIAL VOCABULARY.
*:^* Wbfi.n a word is succeeded by a word printed in Italics,
the latter word is merely to spell the former as it ought to bo
pronounced Thus Abansheas is the true pronunciation of the
preceding word Abantias .- and so of the rest.
*:(t* The figures annexed to the words refer to the Rules
prefixed to the work. Thus the figure 3 after Achwi refers to
Rule the 3d, for the pronunciation of the final i ; and the figure
4 after Abii refers to Rule the 4th, for the pronunciation of tha
unaccented i, not final : and so of the rest.
*:,.* When the letters Eng. are put after a word, it is to
show that this word is the preceding word Anglicised. Thus
iM'can, Eng., is the Latin word Lucanus, changed into the
English Lucan.
AB
AC
AC
AD
iE
A'BA and A'bsB*
Ab-rod-i-ae'tus 4
Ac-«r-sec'o-mes
A'cis
A-das'pi-i 4
Ab'a-a
A-bro'ni-us 4
A'ces 7
Ac'mon
Ad'a-tha
Ab'a-ba
A-bron'y-cus 6
A-ce'si-a 10
Ac-mon'i-des 4
Ad-de-pha'gi-a
Ab-a-ce'ne 8
Ab'ro-ta 7
Ac-e-si'nes 1
A-coe'tes
Ad'du-a 7
Ab'a-ga
Ab'a-lus 20
A-brot'o-num
Ac-e-si'nus 1
A-co'naB 4
A-del'phi-u3
A-bryp'o-lis 6
A-ce'si-us 10
A-con'tes
A-de'mon
A-ba'nat 7
Ab-se'us
A-ces'ta 7
A-con'te-us
A'des, or Ha'des
A-ban'tes
Ab^in'thi-i 4
A-ces'tes
A-con'ti-us 10
Ad-gan-des'tri-us
A-ban'ti-as 10
Ab'so-rus
A-ces'ti-um 10
A-con-to-bu'lus
Ad-her'bal
A-ban'she-as
Ab-syr'tos 6
A-ces-to-do'rus
A-co'ris
Ad-her'bas
Ab-an-ti'a-des 1
Ab-syr'tus 6
A-ces-tor'i-dea
A'cra
Ad-i-an'te 8
A-ban'ti-das 4
Ab-u-li'tes 1
A-ce'tes
A'crBB
A-di-at'o-rix
A-ban'tis
Ab-y-de'ni 6
Ach-a-by'tost 12
A-crae'a 7
Ad-i-man'tus
Ab-ar-ba're-a 7
Ab-y-de'nus 6
A-chae'a 7
A-craeph'ni-a 7
Ad-me'ta 7
Ab'a-ri 3
A-by'di 6
A-chae'i 3
Ac-ra-gal-li'dffi 4
Ad-i-me'te
A-bar'i-mon 4
A-by'dos 6
A-chaB'i-um
Ac'ra-gas 7
Ad-me'tus
Ab'a-ris 7
A-by'dus
A-ch8em'e-nes
A-cra'tus
A-do'ni-a
A-ba'rus 1
Ab'y-la 6
Ach-aB-me'ni-a
A'cri-as 4
A-do'nis
A'bas 1
Ab'y-lon 6
Ach-ae-men'i-des
Ac-ri-doph'a-gi 3
Ad-ra-myt'ti-um
A-ba'sa 1 7
Ab-ys-si'ni 1
A-chee'ns
A-cri'on 11
A-drafna 7 1
Ab-a-si'tis 7 1
Ab-ys-sin'i-a 6
A-cha'i-a 7
Ac-ris-i-o'ne
A-dra*num
Ab-as-se'na 1 7
Ac-a-cal'lid 7
Ach'a-ra 7
Ac-ris-i-o-ne'us
A-dras'ta
Ab-as-se'ni
Ac-a-ce'si-um 10
Ach-a-ren'ses
Ac-ris-i-o-ni'a-des
A-dras'ti-a
A-bas'sus 7
Ak-a-se'zhe-um
A-char'nae 4
A-cris'e-us 10
A-dras'tus
Ab'a-tos 7
A-ca'ci-us 10
A-cha'tes
A-cri'tas 1
A'dri-a 23
Ab-da-lon'i-mus 4
A-ka'she-us
Ach-e-lo'i-des 4
Ac-ro-a'thon
A-dri-a'num
Ab-de'ra 1 7
Ac-a-de'mi-a 7
Ach-e-lo'ri-um
Ac-ro-ce-rau'ni-um
A-dri-at'i-cum
Ab-de'ri-a 1 4 7
Ac-a-de'mus
Ach-e-lo'us
Ac-ro-co-rin'thus
A-dri-an-op'o-lis
Ab-de-ri'tes 1
Ac-a-lan'drus
A-cher'dus
A'cron 1
A-dri-a'nus
Ab-de'rus 1
A-cal'le 8
A-cher'i-mi 3 4
Ac-ro-pa'tos
A'dH-an (Eng.)
A-be'a-tae 7 1 5
A-ca-mar'chis 7
Ach'e-ron
A-crop'o-lia
Ad-ri-me'tum
A-bel'Ia 7
Ac'a-mas 7
Ach-e-ron'ti-a 10
Ac'ro-ta
Ad-u-at'i-ci 4
Ab^l-li'nus
A-camp'sis 7
Ach-e-ru'si-a 11
A-crot'a-tus
A-dyr-ma-chi'dffl
A'bi-a 1 4 7
A-can'tha 7
Ach-e-ru'si-as 11
Ac-ro'tho-os
miQ.^ 7
A-ben'da 7
A-can'thus 7
A-che'tus
Ac'ta 7
M-a-ce'a.
Ab'ga-rus
Ac'a-ra 7
A-chil'las
Ac-tas a 7
^-ac'i-das
A'bi-i 4
A-ca'ri-a 7
A-chil'le-us
Ac-tae'on 4
JS-ac'i-des
Ab'i-la 4 7
Ac-ar-na'ni-a 7
Ach-il-le'a 7
Ac-tae'us 4
^'a-cus
A-bis'a-res 7
A-car'nas 7
Ach-il-lei-en'ses
Ac'te 8
JE'as
A-bis'a-ris 7
A-cas'ta 7
Ach-il-le'us
Ac'ti-a 10
JE-Bs'a
Ab-i-son'tes 4
A-cas'tus 7
A-chil'Ies
Ac'tis
iE-an-te'um
Ab-Ie'tes 1
Ac-a-than'tus 7
Ach-il-le'um
Ac-tis'a-nes
^-an'ti-dea
A-bob'ri-ca 4
Ac'ci-a 10 7
A-chi'vi 4
Ac'ti-um 10
^-an'tis
A-bo'bus
Ak'she-a
Ach-la-dae'us
Ac'ti-us 10
^'as
A-boec'ri-tus 5
Ac'ci-la 7
Ach-o-Ia'i 3
Ac 'tor
^'a-tus
Ab-o-la'ni 3
Ac'ci-us 10
Ac-ra-di'na 7
Ac-tor 'i-des
^ch-mac'o-ras
A-bo'lus 7 1
Ak'she-us
Ach-o-lo'e
Ac-to'ris
iEch'mis
Ab-on-i-tei'chos 5
Ac'cu-a 7
Ach-ra-di'na
A-cu'phis
^-dep'sum
Aj-o-ra'ca 1 7
A'ce 8
Ac-i-cho'ri-us
A-cu-si-la'us
^-des'sa
Ab-o-rig'i-nes 4
Ac-e-di'ci 3 24
Ac-i-da'li-a 8
A-cu'ti-cus, M
^-dic'u-la
A-bor'ras 7
Ac'e-la 24
Ac-i-da'sa
A'da 7
iE-di'les 8
Ab-ra-da'tas
Ac-e-ra'tus 27
A-cil'i-a
A-dse'us
iE-dip'su8
Ab-ra-da'tes
A-cer'bas
Ac-i-lig'e-na 24
Ad-a-man-tse'a 7
^'don
A-bren'tius 10
Ac-e-ri'na 1
A-cil'i-us
Ad'a-mas
^E'du-i, or Hed'u-i
A-broc'o-mas
A-cer'rae 4
A-cil'la 7
Ad-a-mas'tus
iE-el'lo
* Every a ending a syllable, with the accent upon it, is
pronounced like the a in the English words fa-vm-, ta-per,
&.C. See Rule the 1st, prefixed to this Vocabulary.
I Every unaccented a, whether initial, medial or final,
ending a syllable, has an obscure sound, bordering on the a in
father. See Rule the 7th, prefixed to this Vocabulary.
J Achabijtos -CA, in this and all the subsequent words, have
the sound of fe Thus, Achabytos, Achma, Achates, &.C., are
pronounced as if written Akabytos, Akcea, Akates, &c. See
Rule the 12th.
$ .ZBa.— This diphthong is merely ocular, for the a has no
share in the sound, though it appears in the type. Indeed, as
we pronounce the a, there is no middle sound between that
letter and e, and therefore we have adopted the last vowel,
and relinquished the first. This, among other reasons, makes
it probable that the Greeks and Romans pronounced the a as
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
^N
.(E-e'ta
^-e'ti-as 10
JE'ga
JE-ge'as
JE'gad 5
^-gae'ffl
JE-gas'on
iE-gse'um
iE-ga'le-os
^-ga'le^um
^'gan
iE'gas 5
-^-ga'tes
JE-ge le-on
iE-ge'ri-a
^ ges'ta
JE-ge'm
^-gi'a-le
iE-gi-a'le us 22
^-gi-a'li-a 22 4
^-gi'a-lu3
yE-gi'des
jE-gi'la
^-gil'i-a
^-gim'i-us
^g-i-mo'rus
iE-gi'na
^g-i-ne'ta
^g-i-ne'tes
j!E-gi'o-chus
iE-gi'pan
jE-gi'ra
iE-gir-o-^3'sa
^'gis*
^-gis'thus
iE-gi'tum
jE'gi-um
^g'le
^g'les
^g-le'tes
^g'lo-ge
i5E-gob'o-lus
^-goc'e-ros
JE gOE
^'gos pot'a-mos
^g-o-sa'gcB
^-gos'the-na
jE'gus
M'gy 6
jEg-y-pa'nes
^-gyp'sus
^-gyp'ti-i 4 10
iE-gyp'ti-um 10
^-gyp'tus
JE'li-a
^-li-a'nus
iS: li-an (Eng.)
^■E ii-us and JE'li-a
iE-lu'rus
^-mil'i-a
^-mil-i-a'nu3
iE-mil'i-u3
yEm-nes'tus
^'mon
^m'o-na
^-mo'ni-a
iE-mon'i-des
^'mu9
^-myl'i-a
iE-myl-i-a'nUs
^-myl'i-i 4
^-myl'i-us
(E-na'ri-a
-^-ne'a
AG
^-ne'a-des
^-ne'a-dsB
JE-ne'aa
-^-ne'i-a
^-ne'is
-iE-ne'i-des 4
-dC-nes-i-de'mu3
-lE-ne'si-us 10
iE-ne'tus
iE'ni-a
^-ni'a-cus
iE-ni'o-chi 12
^n-o-bar'bus 22
iEn'o-cles
-E'num
^-ny'ra
^-o'li-a
^-o'li-ae
^-ol'i-da
^-ol'i-des
^'o-lis
-iE'o-lus
iE-o'ra
^-pa'li-us
JE-pe'a
^p'u-lo 21
^'py 6
-^p'y-tus 21
^-qua'na 7
JE'qui 3
-^-quic'o-li
^q-ui-me'li^um
^'ri-as
iEr'o-pe
^r'o-pus
^s'a-cus
iE-sa'pus
^'sar, or jE-s>a'ras
.^s'chi-fies 22
^s'chi-ron 12
^s-chy-li'des
iEs'chy-lus 21
^s-<5u-la'pi-u3 '2S
^-se'pus
iE-ser'ni-a
^-si'on 11
^'son
-^-son'i-des
^-so'pus
JE'sop (Eng.,
vEs'tri-a
iEs'u-a
-iE-sy'e-tes
^s-ym-ne'tes 21
iE-sym'nus
-iE-thal'-i-des
^-thi-o'pi-a 22
iEth'Ji-us
^'thon
^'thra
^-thu'sa
^'li-a 10
^'ti-on 11
iE'li-usf 10
^t'na
^-to'li-a
^-to'lus
A 'far
A-fra'ni-a
A-fra'ni-us
Af ri-ca 7
Af-ri-ca'nus
Af'ri-cum
A-gag-ri-a'nse
AG
Ag-a-las'ses
A-gal'la 7
A-gam'ma-tse
Ag-a-me'des
Ag-a-mem'non
Ag-a-mem-no'ni-us
Ag-a-me'tor
Ag-am-nes'tor
Ag-a-nip'pe
A-gan za-ga
Ag-a-pe'no
Ag-a-reni 3
Ag-a-ris'ta
A-gas'i-cles
A-gas'sae
A-gas'the-nes
A-gas'thus
A-gas'tro-phus
Ag'a-tha
Ag-ath-ar'chi-das
Ag-ath-ar'chi-des
Ag-ath-ar'cus
A-ga'thi-as
Ag'a-tho
A-gath-o-cle'a
A-gath'o-cles
Ag'a-thon
A-gath-o-ny'mus
Ag-a-thos'the-nes
Ag-a-thyr'num
Ag-a-thyr'si 3
A-gau'i 3
A-ga've
A-ga'vus
Ag-des'tis
Ag-e-e'na
Ag-e-las'tus,
Ag-e-la'u3
A-gen'a-tha
Ag-en-di'cum
A-ge'nor
Ag-e-nor'i-des
Ag-e-ri'nus
Ag-e-san'der
A-ge'si-as 10
Ag-es-i-la'us
Ag-e-sip'o-lis
Ag-e-sis'tra-ta
Ag-e-sis'tra-tus
Ag-gram'mes
Ag-gri'nae
Ag'i-dae
Ag-i-la'us
A'gis
Ag-la'i-a
jig-lay'a
Ag-la-o-ni'ce
Ag-la'o-pe
Ag-la-o-phae'na
Ag-la'o-phon
Ag-la-os'the-nes
Ag-lau'ro3
Ag-la'us
Ag'na
Ag'no
Ag-nod'i-ce
Ag'non
Ag-non'i-des
Ag-o-na'li-a, and A-go'-
ni-a
A-go'ne3
Ag'o-nis
A-go'ni-us
Ag-o-rac'ri-tus
Ag-o-ran'o-mi 3
AL
Ag-o-ra'ni3
Ag-o-rae'a
A'gra 1
A-grae'i 3
Ag'ra-gas
A-grau'le
A-grau'li-a
A-grau'los
Ag-rau-o-ni'tffi
A-gri-a'nes
A-gric'o-la
Ag-ri-gen'tum
A-grin'i-um
A-gri-o'ni-a
A-gri'o-pas
A-gri'o-pe
A-grip'pa
Ag-rip-pi'aa
A-gris'o-pe 8
A'gri-us 1
Ag'ro-las
A'gron
A-gro'taa
A-grot'e-ra
A-gyl'e-U3 5
A-gyl'Ia
Ag-yl-]ffi' U3
A-gy'rus
A-gyr'i-um
A-gyr'i-u3
A-gyr'tes
A-ha'la 7
A-i-do'ne-u3 5
A-im'y-lus
A-i'us Lo-cu'ti-Ui
A'jax
Al-a-ban'da
Al'a-bus
A-lae'a
A-lae'i 3
A-lcB^sa
A-lae'us
Al-a-gc'ni-a
A-la'la
Al-al-com'e-nae
A-la'li-a 7
A!-a-ma'nes
Al-a-man'ni, or
man'ni
A-la'ni
Al'a-res
Al-a-ri'cus
AVa-ric (Eng.)
Al-a-ro'di-i 3 4
A-las'tor
Al'a-7,on
Al'ba Syl'vi-U3
Al-ba'ni-a
Al-ba'nus
Al-bi'ci 3 4
Al-bi-e'tae 4
Al-bi'ni 3
Al-bi-no-va'nus
Al-bin-te-me'Ii-um
Al-bi'nus
Al'bi-on
A]'bi-us
Al-bu-cil'la
Al'bu-la
Al-bu'ne-a
Al-bur'nus
Ai'bus Pa'gus
Al-bu'ti-us 10
Al-cae'us
Al-cam'e nes
Al-€-
AL
Al-can'der
Al-cau'dre
Al-ca'nor
Al-catho-e
Al-cath'o-u3
Al'ce
Al-ce'nor
Al-ce3'te
Al-ces'ti3
Ai'ce-tas
Al'chi-das 12
Al-chim'a-cus
Al-ci-bi'a-des 4
Al-cid'a-mas
Al-ci-da-me'a
Al-ci-dam'i-daa
Al-cid'a-mus
Al-ci'aas
Al-ci'des
Al-cid'i-ce
Al-cim'e-de
Al-cim'e-don
A-cim'e-nes
Al'ci-mu3
Al-cin'o-e
Al'ci-nor
Al-cin'o-usJ
Al-ci-o'ne-us 5
Al'ci-phron
Al-cip'po
Al-cip'pus
Al'cis
Al-cith'o-e
Alc-mae'on
Alc-mEB-on'i-dse
Alc'man
Alc-rae'na
Ai-cy'o-ne
Al-cy-o'ne-us 5
Al-cy'o-na
Al-des'cu3
Al-du'a-bis
A'le-a 1 7
A-le'ba3
A-le'bi-on
A-lec'to
A-Iec'tor
A-lec 'try-on
A-lec'tus
A-le'i-us Cam'pu8$
A]-e- man'ni
A-le'mon
Al-e-mu'si-i 4
A 'lens
A' le-on
A-le'se
A-le'si a 10
A-le'si-um 10
A-Ie'te3
A-le'thes
A-le'thi-a
A-let'i-das
A-le'tri-um
A-Ie'tum
Al-eu-a'dse
A-le'us
A'lex 1
A-lex-a-me'nus
Al-ex-an'der||
Al-ex-an'dra
Al-ex-an-dri'air 30
Al-ex-an'dri-des
Al-ex-an-dri'na
Al-ex-an-drop ' o-lis
Al-ex-a'nor
we do in water, and the e as we hear it in where and there ;
the middle or mixt sound, then, would be like a In father,
which was probably the sound they gave to this diphthong.
* ^gis —This diphthong, though long in Greek and Lat-
in, is in English pronunciation either long or short, accord-
ing to the accent or position of it. Thus, if it immediately
precedes the accent, as in ^geus, or with the accent on it,
before a single consonant, in a word of two syllables, it
is long, as in ^gisj before two consonants it is short, as
in .Mgles ; or before one only, if the accent be on the an-
tepenultimate, as in ^ropus. — For the exceptions to this rule,
see Rule '22.
I One of the generals of Valentinian the Third ; which,
Labbe tells us, ought properly to be written Aetius ; that
is, without the diphthong. We may observe, that as this
word comes from the Greek, but is Latinized, it is pronounced
with tlie t like sh, as if written ^shius ,- but the preceding
word JEtion, being pure Greek, does not conform to this anal-
ogy.— See Rule the 11th and 29th.
J Alcinous. — There are no words more frequently mispro-
nounced by a mere English scholar than those of this'termina
tion . By such a one we sometimes hear Alcinous and Antinous
pronounced in three syllables, as if written Al-ci-nouz and An-
ti-nouz, rhyming with vows ; but classical pronunciation re-
quires that these vowels should form distinct syllables.
^ Aldus Campus. —
" Lest from this flying steed unrein'd, (as once
Bellerophon, though from a lower clime,)
Dismounted, on tii' Aleian field I fall,
Erroneous there to wander, and forlorn."
Milton's Par Lost, b. vii. v. 17
II Alexander. — This word is as frequently pronounced with
the accent on the first as on the third syllable.
[IT This word is accented, by the author, on the antepenult ,
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
AM
Al-ex-ar'chus
A-lex'as
A'lex'i-a
A-lck'she-a
A-lex-ic'a-cu3
Al-ex-i'nu8
A lex'i-o
4-lek'she-o
Al-ex-ip'pus
^il-ex-ir'a-es
A.l-ex-ir'ho-e
'\.-lex'is
^-lex'on
\l-fa-ter'na
\l-fe'nua
\l'gi-dum
A.-11-ac'mon
A.-li-ar'tum
A.-li-ar'tu3
Al'i-cis
A-li-e'nus 21
^I'i-fa
N.I-i-lae'i 3 4
y-i-men'tus
(V-lin'dBB
V-lin-do'i-a
A.l-i-phe'ri-a
Al-ir-ro^thi-us
\l'li-a
\l-li-e'nos
\l-lob'ro-ges
Al-lob'ry-ges
ll-lot'ri-ges
Al-lu'ti-us 10
A.-lo'a
■il-o-e'us
Vl-o-i'dae
Al-o-i'des
\.-\o ne
Al'o-pe
i-lop'e-ce
4-lop'e-ces
4-lo' pi-US
I'los
.\-lo'ti-a 10
il-pe'nus
Al'pes
ilps (Eng.)
y-phe'a
U-phe'i-a
A.l-plie'nor
iVl-phe'nus
^1-phe-si-bcE'a 5
Al-phe-si-boe'us
\l-phG'U3
Al' phi-US
Al-phi'on 29
Al-pi'nus
Al'pis
Al'si-um 10
Al'sus
Al-thee'a
Al-thaem'e-nes
Al-ti'num
Al'tis
A-lun'ti-um 10
A'lus, Al'u-us
A-ly-at'tes
Al'y-ba 6
Al-y-C8B'a
Al-y-c8e'u3
A-lys'sus
Al-yx-oth'o-e
A-mad'o-ci 3
A-mad'o-cus
Am'a-ge
Am-al-thae'a
Am-al-the'um
Am'a-na
AM
A-man'tes
Am-an-ti'ni 3
A-ma'nus
A-mar'a-cua
A-mar'di 3
A-mar'tu3
Am-bryl'lis
Am-ar-yn'ce-us 5
Am-ar-yn'thug
A'mas
A-ma'si-a 10
Am-a-se'nus
A-ma'sis
A-mas'tris
A-mas'trus
A-ma'ta
Am-a-the'a
Am'a-thus
A-max-aro- pe ' us
A-max'i-a
A-Doax'i-ta
Am-a-ze'nes
A-maz'-o-nes
Am'a-zotis (Eng.)
Am-a-zon'i-des
Am-a-zo'ni-a
Am-a-zo'ni-um
Am-a-zo'ni-us
Am-bar'ri 3
Am'be-nus
Am-bar-va'li-a
Am-bi-a-li'tes
Am-bi-a'num
Am-bi-a-ti'num
Am-bi-ga'tus
Am-bi'o-rix
Am'bla-da
Am-bra'ci-a 10
Am-bra'ci-us 10
Am'bri 3
Am-bro'nes
Arn-bro'si-a 10
Am-bro'si-us 10
Am bry'on
Am-brys'sus
Am-bul'li 3
Am'e-les
A.m-e-na'nus
Am-e-ni'des
A-men'o-cles
A-me'ri-a
A-mes'tra-tus
A-mes'tris
A-mic'las
Am-ic-lae'us
Anvic-tse'ua
A-mic'tas
A-mi'da 3
A-mil'car
Am'i-los 4
A-mim'o-ne, or
A-mym'o-ne
A-min'e-a, or
Am-min'e-a
A-min'i-as
A-min'i-us
A-min'o-cles
Am-i-se'na
A-inis'i-as 10
A-mis'saa
A-mi'sum
A-mi'sus
Am-i-ter'num
Am-i-tha'on, or
Am-y-tha'on
Am-ma'lo
Am-mi-a'nus
Ara'mon
I Am-mo'ni-a
AN
Am-mo'ni-i 3
Am-mo'ni-us
Am-mo'the-a
Am'ni-as
Am-ni'sus 3
Ani-ce-bae'us 5
Am-mo-me'tus
A'mor 1
A-mor'ges
A-mor'gos
Ampe-lus
Am-pe-lu'si-a
Am-phe'a 7
Am-phi-a-la'u3
Am-phi'a-nax
Am-phi-a ra'us
Am-phi-ar'i-des
Am-phic'ra-tes
Am-phic'ty-on 11
Am-phic-le'a
Arn-phid'a-mus
Am-phi-dro'mi-a
Am-phi-ge'ni-a, or
Am-phi-ge ni'a* 29
Am-phil'o-chus
Am-phil'y-tus
Am-phim'a-chus
Am-phim'e-don
Am-phin'o-me
Am-phin'o-mu3
Am-phi'on 28
Am-phip'o-Ies
Am-phip'o-]i3
Am-phip'y-ros
Am-phi-re'tus
Am-phir'o-e
Am'phi3
Am-phis-ba3'na
Am-phis'sa
Am-phis-se'ne
Am-phis'sus
Am-phis'the-ne3
Am-phis-ti'des
Am-phis'tra-tus
Am-phit'e-a
Am-phith'e-mis
Am-phith-'o-e
Am-phi-tri'te 8
Am-phit'ry-on
Am'phi-tus
Am-phot'e-rus
Am-phot-ry-o-ni'a-des
Am-phry'sus
Amp'sa-ga
Am-pys'i-des
Am'pyx
Am-sae'tus
A-rau'li-u3
A-myc'la
A-myc' Is
Am'y-cus
Am'y-don
Am-y-rao'ne
A-myn'tas
A-myn-ti-a'nus
A-myn'tor
A-my'ris
A-myr'i-us
Am'y-rus
A-mys'tis
Am-y-tha'on
Am'y-tis
An'a-ces
An-a-char'sis
A-na'ci-um 10
A-nac're-on, or
A-na'cre-on 23
An-ac-to'ri-a
An-ac-to'ri-um
AN
An-a-dy-om'e-nef
A-nag'ni-a
An-a-gy ron'tum
An-a-i'tis
An'a-phe
An-a-phlys'tU8
A-na'pus
A-nar'ies
A'nas 1
Aji'cho-ra
A-nat'o-le
A-nau'chi-das 12
A-nau'ru3
A'nax 1
An-ax-ag'o-ras
An-ax-an'der
An-ax-an'dri-des
An-ax-ar'chu3 12
An-ax-ar'p-te
An-ax-e'nor
A-nax'i-as 10
An-ax-ib'i-a
An-ax-ic'ra-tes
A-nax-i-da'mus
A-nax'i-las
A-nax-i-la'u3
An-ax-il'i-des
An-ax-i-man'der
An-ax-im'e-nes
An-ax-ip'o^lis
An-ax-ip'pu3
An-ax-ir'ho-e
A-nax'is
A-nax'o
An-cae'us
An-ca-li'tes
An-ca'ri-us
An-cha'ri-a 7
An-cha'ri-us
An-chem'o-lu3
An-che-si'tes
An-chea'mus
An-chi'a-la
An-chi'a-le
An-chi'a-lus
An-chi-mo'li-us
An-chin'o-e
An-chl'ses
An-chis'i-a 11
An-chi-si'a-des
An'cho-e
An-chu'rus
Ap-ci'le
An'con
An-co'na
An'cus Mar'ti-us
An-cy'le
An-cy'rffl
An'da
An-dab'a-tae
An-da'ni-a
An-de-ca'vi-a
An'des
An-doc'i-des
An-dom'a-tis
An-drae'mon
An-dra-ga'thi-us
An-drag'a-thus
An-drag'o-ras
An -dram'y-tes
An-dre'as
An'drew (Eng.)
An'dri-clus
An'dri-on
An-dris'cus
An-dro'bi-us
An-dro-cle'a
An'dro-cle3
An-dro-cli'des
AN
An-dro'clu8
An-dro-cy'des
An-drod'a-mu3
An-dro'ge-os
An-dro'ge-us
An-drog'y-nae
An-drom'a-che
An-drom-a-chi'dsB
An-drom'a-chu8
An-drom'a-das
An-drom'e-da
An'dron
i^ i-dro-ni'cus| 28
An-dropu 'a-gi 3
An-dro-pom'pus
An'dros
An-dros'the-nes
An-dro'tri-on
An-e-lon'tis
An-e-ras'tua
An-e-mo'li-a
An-e-mo'aa
An-fin'o-mu3
An-ge'li-a
An-ge'li-oa
An'ge-lus
An-gi'tes
An'gru-?
An-gu-it'i-a 11 24
A'ni-a 7
An-i-ce'ttis
A-nic'i-a 10
A-nic'i-um 24
A-nic'i-u3 Gal'lns
An'i-gru3
A'ni-o, and A ni-en
An-i-tor'gis
A'ni-us
An'na
An-ni-a'nua
An'ni-bal
An'ni-bi 3 4
An-nic'e-ria 24
An'non
An-o-pae'a
An'ser
An-si-ba'ri-a
An-tffi'a
An-tae'as
An-tae'us
An-tag'o-ras
An-tal'ci-das
An-tan'der
An-tan'dros
An-ter-bro'gi-ua
An-te'i-us
An-tem'na
An-te'nor
An-te-nor'i-des
An'te-ros
An-the'a
An'the-as
An-the'don
An-the'la
An'the-mis
An'the-mon
An'the-mus
An-the-mu'si-a 10
An-the'ne
An-ther'mus
An'thes
An-thes-pho ' ri-a
An-thes-te'ri-a
An'the-us
An-thi'a
An'thi-as
An'thi-um
An'thi-U3
An'tho
Alexan'dria, in the Terrainational Dictionary, and among
Scripture names. So likewise by Perry, and by Fulton and
Knight.— Ed.]
* Amphigenia. -See Iphigenia, and rule 30, prefixed to this
Vocabulary -
t This epithet, from the Greek avaSvu), emergens, signifying
rising out of the water, is applied to the picture of Venus
rising out of the sea, as originally painted by Apelles. I doubt
not that some, who only hear this word, without seeing it writ-
ten, suppose it to mean Anno Domini, the year of our Lord.
X Andronictis. — This word is uniformly pronounced by our
prosodists with the penultimate accent ; and yet so averse is
an English ear to placing the accent on the penultimate i, that
by all English scholam we hear it placed upoa the antepenul-
timate syllable. That this was the pronunciation of this
word in Clueen Elizabeth's time, appears plainly from the
tragedy of T^tiLS Andronicus, said to be written by Shak-
speare ; in which we every where find the antepenultimate
pronunciation adopted. It may indeed be questioned, whether
Shakspeare's learning extended to a knowledge of the quan-
tity of this GrsBCo-Latin word ; but, as Mr. Steevens has justly
observed, there is a greater number of classical allusions in
this play than are scattered over all the rest of the perform-
ances on which the seal of Shakspoare is indubitably fixed ;
and therefore it may be presumed that the author could not oe
ignorant of the Greek and Latin pronunciation of this word,
but followed the received English pronunciation of his time ,
and which by all but professed scholars is still continued.—
See SoPHRoi«icus.
95<i
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
AO
An tho'res
An-thra'ei-a 10
An-thro-pi'nus
An-thro-poph'a-gi
An-thyl'la
An-ti-a-ni'ra
An'ti-as 10
An-ti-cle'a
An'li-cles
An-ti-cli'des
An-tic'ra-guB
Au-tic'ra-tes
An-tic'y-ra
An-tid'o-tus
An-tido-mus
An-tig'©-nes
Ao-ti-gen'i-daa
An-tig'o-na
Aa-tig'o-ne
An-ti-go'ni-a
An-tig'o-nus
An-til'co
An-ti-lib'a-nu3
An-til'o-chu3
An-tim'a-chus
An-*.im'e-nes
An-ti-nce'i-a 5
An-ti-n^^p'o-lis
An-tin'o-us
An-ti-o'chi-a, or
An-ti-o-chi'a* 29
An'ti-och (Eng.)
An-ti'o-chis
An-ti'o-chus
An-ti'o-pe 8
An-ti-o'rus
An-tip'a-ter
An-ti-pa'tri-a
An-ti-pat'ri-das
An-tip'a-tris
An-tiph'a-nes
An-tiph'a-tes
An-tiph'i-lus
An'ti-phon
An-tiph'o-nus
An'ti-phus
An-ti-poe'nus 5
An-tip'o-lis
An-tis'sa
An-tis'the-nes
An-tis'ti-us
Ari-tith'e-us
An'ti-um 10
An-tom'e-nes
An-to'ni-a
An-ti»'ni-i 3 4
An-to-ni'na
An-to-ni'nus
An-to-ni-op'o-lis
An-to'ni us, M.
An-tor'i-des
A-nu'bis
An'xi-us
An'xur
An'y-ta
An'y-tus
An-za'be 8
A-ob'ri-ga
A-ol'li-u3
A'on
A'o-nes
A-o'ris
A-or'nos
AP
A-o'ti
A-pa'Ftae
A-pa'ma 7
A-pa'me 8
Ap-a-me'a
Ap-a-mi'a
A-par'ni
Ap-a-tu'ri-a
Ap-e-au'ros
A-pel'Ia
A-pel'ies
A-pel'li-con
Ap-en-ni'nus
A'per
Ap-e-r. Vpi-a
Ap'e-su s
Aph'a-« I
A-phsB'a
A'phar
Ap.h-a-re'.Ti3
Aph-a-re'u ^
A'phas 1
A-phel'las
Aph'e-sas
Aph'e-tae
Aph'i-das 4
A-phid'na
A-phid'nu3
Aph-oe-be'tu3
A-phri'ces 1
Aph-ro-dis'i-a
Aph-ro-di'sum 1
Aph-ro-di'te 8
A-phy'te 8
A'pi-a 14 7
A-pi-a'nus
Ap-i-ca'ta
A-pic'i-us 24
A-pid'a-nus
Ap'i-na
A-pi'o-la
A'pi-on 1
A'pis
A-pit'i-iis 24
A-pol-li-na'res
A-pol-li-na'ris
Ap-ol-]in'i-de3
A-pol'li-ni3
A-pol'lo
Ap-ol-loc'ra-tes
A pol-lo-do'rus
Ap-ol-lo'ni-a
Ap-ol-lo'ni-as
A-pol-lo-ai'a-des
Ap-ol-lon'i-des
Ap-oI-lo'ni-u3
Ap-ol-loph'a-ne3
A-po-my-i'o3
A-po-ni-a'na 7
A-po'ni-us, ]M,
Ap'o-nus
Ap-os-tro'phi-a
A-poth-e-O'sisf
Ap-o-the' o-sis
Ap'pi-a Vi'a
Ap-pi'a-des
Ap-pi-a'nus
Ap'pi-i Fo'rum
Ap'pi-us
Ap'pu-la
A'pri-es
A'pri-us
Ap-sin'thi-i 4
AR
Ap'si-pus
Ap'te-ra 20
Ap-u-le'i-a
Ap-u-le'i-U3
A-pu'li-a
Ap-u-sid'a-mus
A-qua'ri-iis
Aq-ui-la'ri-a
Aq-ui-le'i-a
A-quil'i-us
A-quil'li-a
Aq'ui-Io
Aq-ui-lo'ni-a
A-quin'i-us
A-qui'num
Aq-ui-ta'ni-a
A'ra 17
Ar-a-bar'ches
Ar-a'bi-a
A-rab'i-cu9
Ar'a-bis
Ar'abs
Ar'a-bus
A-rac'ca, or
A-rec'ca
A-rach'ne
Ar-a-cho'si-a
Ar-a-cho'tae
Ar-a-cho'ti
A-rac'thi-as
Ar-a-cil'lum
Ar-a-co'si-i 4
Ar-a-cyn'thus 4
Ar'a-dus
A'rffi 17
A'rar 17
Ar'a-rus
Ar-a-thyr'e-a
A-ra'tus
A-rax'es
Ar-ba'ces, or Ar'ba-ces|
Ar-be'la
Ar'be-Ia$
Ar'bis
Ar-bo-ca'la
Ar-bus'cu-la
Ar-ca'di-a
Ar-ca'di-us
Ar-ca'num
Ar'cas
Ar'ce-na
Ar'cens
Ar-ces-i-Ia'u3
Ar-ce'si-us 10
Ar-chae'a
Ar-chaB''a-nax
Ar-chse-at'i-daa
Arch-ag'a-thus
Ar-chan'der
Ar-chan'dros
Ar'che 12
Ar-cheg'e-tes 24
Ar-che-la'us
Ar-chem'a-chus
Ar-chem'o-rus
Ar-chep'o-lis
Ar-chep-tol'e-mus
Ar-ches'tra-tus
Ar-che-ti'mus
Ar-che'ti-us 10
Ar'chi-a
Ar'chi-as
Ar-chi-bi'a-des 4
AR
Ar-chib'i-us
Ar-chi-da'mi-a 29
Ar-chi-da'mus,|| or
Ar-chid'a-mus
Ar'chi-das
j Ar-chi-de'mus
Ar-chi-de'us
Ar-chid'i-um
Ar-chi-gal'lu3
Ar-chig'e-nes
Ar-chil'o-cus
Ar-chi-me'des
Ar-chi'nus
Ar-chi-pel'a-gu8
Ar-chip'o-lis
Ar-chip'pe
Ar chip' pus
Ar-chi'tis
Ar'chon
Ar-chon'tes
Ar'chy-lus 6
Ar'chy-tas
Arc-ti'nus
Arc-toph'y-Iax
Arc'tos
Arc-to'us
Arc-tu'rus
Ar'da-lu3
Ar-da'ni-a
Ar-dax-a'nu8
Ar'de-a
Ar-de-a'tes
Ar-de-ric'ca
Ar-di-se'i 4
Ar-do'ne-a
Ar-du-en'na
Ar-du-i'ne
Ar-dy-en'ses
Ar'dys
A-re-ac'i-d<e
A-re'a
A're-as
A-reg'o-nis
Ar-e-latum
A-rel'li-us
Ar-e-mor'i-ca
A're
A-re'ne
A-ren'a-cum
Ar-e-op-a-gi'tae
Ar-e-op'a-guslT
A-res'tffi
A-res'tha-nas
A-res-tor'i-des
A're-ta
Ar-e-tffi'us
Ar-e-taph'i-la
Ar-e-ta'Ies
A-re'te
A-re'tes
Ar-e-thu'sa
Ar-e-ti'num
Are-tus
A 're-US
Ar-gae'us
Ar'ga-lus
Ar-gath'o-na
Ai--ga-tho'ni-us
Ar'ge 9
Ar-ge'a
Ar-ge-a'tha3
Ar-gen'num
Ar'ges
AR
IAr-ges'tra-tu3
Ar-ge'us
jAr'gi 9 3
' Ar-gi'a
Ar'gi-as
Ar-gi-Ie'tum
Ar-gil'i-us
Ar-gil'Iu9
Ar'gi-lus
Ar-gi-nu'ssB
Ar-gi'o-pe
Ar-gi-phon'tes
Ar-gip'pe-i 3
Ar-gi'va
Ar-gi'vi 3
Ar' gives** (Eng.,
Ar'gi-us
Ar'go
Ar-gol'i-cu8
Ar'go-lis
Ar'gon
Ar-go-nau't8B
Ar-go'us
Ar'gus
Ar-gyn'ni3
Ar-gy'ra
Ar-gy-ras'pi-des
Ar'gy-re
Ar-gyr'i-pa
A'ri-a
A-ri-adne
A-ri-ae'us
A-ri-a'ni, or
A-ri-e'ni
A-ri-am'nes
A-ri an'tas
A-ri-a-ra'thes
Ar-ib-bffi'us 5
A-ric'i-a 24
Ar-i-ci'na
Ar-i-dae'us
A-ri-e'nis
Ar-i-gEe'um
A-ri'i 4
Ar'i-ma
Ar-i-mas'pi 3
Ar-i-mas'pi-a^
Ar-i-mas'thse
Ai-i-ma'zes
Ar'i-mi 3
A-rim'i-num
A-rira'i-nus
Ar-im-phae'i
Ar'i-mus
A-ri-o-bar-za'i*»»B
A-ri-o-maa'd#«
A-ri-o-mar'dus
A-ri-o-me'dea
A-ri 'on 28
A-ri-o-vis'tus 21
A'ris
A-ris'ba
Ar-is-taen'e-tus
Ar-is-tse'um
Ar-is-tae'us
Ar-is-tag'o-ras
Ar-is-tan'der
Ar-is-tan'dros
Ar-is-tar'che
Ar-is-tar'chus
Ar-is-ta-za'nes
ris'te-as
A-ris'te-rae
*Antiochia. — For words of this termination, see Iphige-
KiA, and No. 30 of the Rules prefixed to this Vocabulary.
■\ Apotheosis. — When we are reading Latin or Greek, this
word ought to have the accent on the penultimate syllable ;
but :n pronouncing English, we should accent the antepenulti-
mate :
Allots the prince of his celestial line
An apotheosis and rites divine. — Garth.
^Arbaces. — Lempriere, Gouldman, Gesner, and Littleton,
accent this word on the first syllable, but Ainsworth and Hol-
yoke on the second ; and this is so much more agreeable to an
English ear, that I should prefer it, though I have, out of re-
spect to authorities, inserted the other, that the reader may
choose which he pleases. Labbe has not got this word.
§ Arbela, the city of Assyria, where the decisive battle was
fought between Alexander and Darius, and the city in Pales-
tine of that name, have the accent on the penultimate ; but
Arbela, a town in Sicily, has the accent on the antepenulti-
mnte syllable.
\\Archidamus. — Ainsworth, GouWman, Littleton, and Hol-
yoke, place the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of this
word, but Lempriere and Labbe on the penultimate. I have
followed Lempriere and Labbe, though, in my opinion, wrong ;
for, as every word of this termination has the antepenultimate
accent, as Polydamas, Theodamas, &c. , I know not why this
should be different. Though Labbe tells us, that the learned
are of his opinion.
V AreopagTis. — Labbe tells us, that the penultimate syllable
of this word is beyond all controversy short — quidquid nonnulh
in tanta luce etiamnum caecutiant.— Some of these blind men
are, Gouldman, Holyoke and LJ<^tleton ; — but Lempriere and
Ainsworth, the best authorities, agree with Labbe.
**Ar gives. — I have observed a strong propensity in school-
boys to pronounce the g in these words hard, as in the English
word give. This is, undoubtedly, because their masters do so •
and they will tell us, that the Greek gamma should always be
pronounced hard in the words from that language. What
then, must we alter that long catalogue of words where this
letter occurs, as in Genesis, genius, Diogenes, ^gyptus, &.c .
— The Question answ«rs itself.
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
965
AR
A-ris'te-us
A-ris'the-ne3
A-ris'thus
Ar-is-ti'bu3
Ar-is-ti'des
Ar-is-tip'pug
A-ris'ti-ua
A-ris'ton
Ar-is-to-bu'la
Ar-is-to-bu'lus*
Ar-is-to-cle'a
A-ris'to-cles
A-ris-to-cli'des
Ar-is-toc'ra-les
Ar-is-to'ere-on
Ar-is-toc'ri-tus
A-ris-to-de'mus
Ar-is-tog'e-nes
Ar-is-to-gi'ton
Ar-is-to-la'u3
Ar-is-tom'a-che
Ar-is-tom' a-chu3
Ar-is-to-me'des
Ar-is-tom'e-nes
A-ris-to-nauHa
Ar-is-to-ni'cus
A-ris'to-nus
Ar-is-ton'i-de3
Ar-is-ton'y-mus
Ar-is-toph'a-nes
A-ris-to-phi-li'des
A-ris'to-phon
A-ris'tor
Ar-is-tor'i-des
Ar-is-tot'e-les
Ar'is-to-tle (Eng.)
Ar-is-to-ti'mus
Ar-is-toxe-nus
A-ris'tus
Ar-is-tyl; lu3
A'ri-U3
Ar'me-nes
Ar-me'ni-a
Ar-men-ta'ri-us
Ar-mil'la-tus
Ar-mi-lus'tri-um
Ar-min'i-u3
Ar-mor'i-cae
Ar'ne 8
Ar'ni 3
Ar-no'bi-U3
Ar'nu3
Ar'o-a
Ar'o-ma
Ar'pa-ni
Ar'pi 3
Ar-pi'num
Ax-Ts'i 3
Ar-rah-bae'us
Ar'ri-a
Ar-ri-a'nu3
Ar'ri-U3
Ar-run'ti-us 10
Ar-sa'bes
Ar-sa'ces, orAr'sa-cesf
Ar-sac'i-dae
Ar-sam'e-nes
Ar-sam'e-tes
Ar-sam-o-sa'ta
Ar-sa'nes
Ar-sa'ni-as
Ar-se'na
Ar'ses
Ar'si-a
Ar-si-d8B'u3
Ar-sin'o-e
Ar-ta-ba'nus
Ar-ta-ba'zus
Ar'ta-bri 3
Ar-ta-bri'tae
Ar-ta-cEe'as
Ar-ta-cee'na
Ar'ta-ce
AS
Ar-ta-ce'ne
Ar-ta'ci-a
Ar-tBe'i 3
Ar-tag'e-ras
Ar-ta-ger'se9
Ar-ta'ncs
Ar-ta-pher'nes
Ar-ta'tus
Ar-ta-vas'des
Ar-tax'a
Ar-tax'a-ta
Ar-ta-xerx'es
Ar-tax i-as
Ar-ta-yc'te3
Ar-ta-yn'ta
Ar-ta-yn'tes
Ar-tem-ba'res
Ar-tem-i-do'rus
Ar'te-misJ
Ar-te-mis'i-a 11
Ar-te-mis'i-um
Ar-te-mi'ta$
Ar'te-mon
Artli'mi-U3
Ar-te'na
Ar-tim'pa-sa
Ar-to-bar-za'ne3
Ar-toch'mes
Ar-to'na
Ar-ton'tea
Ar-to'ni-us
Ar-tox'a-res
Ar-tu'ri-u3
Ar-ty'nes
Ar-tyn'i-a
Ar-tys'to-na
Ar'u-ee
A-ru'ci
A-ru'e-ris
A' runs 1
A-run'ti-us 10
Ar-u-pi'nus
Ar-va'les
Ar-ver'ni
Ar-vir'a-gus
Ar-vis'i-um
Ar-vi'sus
Arx'a-ta
Ar-y-an'des
Ar'y-bas
Ar-yp-tae'us
A-san'der
As-ba-me'a
As-bes'taB
As'bo-lus
As-bvs'taB
As-cal'a-phus
As'ca-lon
As-ca'ni-a
As-ca'ni-us
As-ci'i 3
As-cle'pi-a
A3-cle-pi'a-de3
As-cle-pi-o-do 'rus
As-cle-pi-o-do'tus
As-cle'pi-us
As-cle-ta'ri-on
As'clus
As-co'li-a
As-co'ni-us La'be-o
As'cra
As'cu-lum
As'dru-bal
A-sel'li-o
A'si-a 10 11
A-si-at'i-cus
A-si'las
As-i na'ri-a
As-i-na'ri-us
As'i-na
As'i-ne
As'i-nes
lA-sin-i-us Gal'lus
AT
A'si-us 11
As-na'us
A-so phis
A-so'pi-a
As-o-pi'a-des
A-so'pis
A-30'pU3
As-pam'i-thres
As-pa-ra'gi-um
As-pa'si-a 11
As-pa-si'rus
As-pas'tes
As-pa-thi'nes
As-pia'du3
As'pis
As-ple'don
As-po-re'nus 4
As'sa
As-sa-bi'nus
As-sar'a-cus
As-se-ri'ni 3
As''so-rus
As'sos
As-syr'i-a
As'ta
As-ta-ccE'ni 5
As'ta-cus
As'ta-pa
As'ta-pus
As-tar'te 8
As'ter
As-te'ri-a
As-te'ri-on
As-te'ri-us
As-te-ro'di-a
As-ter-o-pae'u3
As-ter'o-pe
As-le-ro'pe-a
As-ter-u'si-us 11
As-tin'o-me
As-ti'o-chus
As'to-mi 3
As-tree'a
As-trje'us
As'tu
As'tur
As'tu-ra
As'tu-rea
As-ty'a-ge
As-ty'a-ges
As-ty'a-lus
As-ty'a-nax
As-ty-cra'ti-a 10
As-tyd'a-mas
As-ty-da-mi'a 30
As'ty-lus
As-tym-e-du'sa
As-tyn'o-me
As-tyn'o-mi
As-tyn'o-us
As-ty'o-che
As-ty-o-chi'a 30
As-ty-pa-lae'a
As-typh'i-lu3
As-ty'ron
As'y-chis
A-sy'las
A-syl'lus
A-tab'u-lug
At-a-by'ris
At-a-by-ri'te 6
At'a-ce 8
At-a-lan'ta
At-a-ran'tes
A-tar'be-chis 11
A-tar'ga-tis
A-tar'ne-a
A'tas, and A'thaa
A'tax
A''te 8
A-tel'la
. At'e-na
I At-e-no-ma'rus
AU
Ath-a ma'nes
Ath'a-mas
Ath-a-man-ti'a-de3
Ath-a-na^si-us 10
Ath'a-nis
A'the-as
A-the'na
A-the'nae 8
Ath-e-nae'a
Ath-e-nae'um
Ath-e-nae'us
Ath-e-nag'o-ras
Ath-e'na-is
A-the-ni-on
A-then'o-cles
Ath-en-o-do'riis
A'the-os
Ath'e-sis
A'thos 1
Ath-rul'la
A-thym'bra
A-ti'a 11
A-til'i-a
A-til'i-ua
A-til'la
A-ti'na
A-ti'nas
A-tin'i-a
At-lan'tes
At-lan-ti'a-des
At-lan'ti-des
At'las
A-tos'sa
At'ra-ces
At-ra-myt'ti-um
At'ra-pes
A'trax 1
At-re-ba'tee
At-re-ba'tesIT
At-re'ni
At're-us
A-tri'dse
A-tri'des
A-lro'ni-us
At-ropa-te'ne
At-ro-pa'ti-a 11
At'ro-pos 19
At'ta
At-ta'li-a
At'ta-lus
At-tar'ras
At-te'i-us Cap'i-to
At'tes
At'tbis
At'ti-ca
At'ti-cus
At-ti-da'tes
At'ti-la
At-til'i-us
At-ti'nas
At'ti-us Pe-lig'nus
At-u-at'i-ci 4
A'tu-bi 3
A-ty'a-dae
A'tys 1
Au-fe'i-a a'qua
Au-fi-de'na
Au-fid'i-a
Au-fid'i-us
Au'fi-dus
Au'ga, and Au'ge
Au-ge'a
Au'ga-ru3
Au'ge-JB
Au'gi-as, and Au'gi
Au'gi-lffi
Au-gi'nus
Au'gu-res
Au-gus'ta
Au-gus-ta'li-a
Au-gus-ti'nus
Au-gus'tin (Eng.)
Au-gus'tu-lu3
BA
Au-gus'tu8
Au-les'tes
Au-le'tes
Au'lis
Au'lon
Au-lo'ni-u3
Au'lus
Au'ras
Au-re'li-a
Au-re-li-a'nus
Au-n-e'li-an (Eng )
Au-re'li-as
Au-re'o-lus
Avi-ri'go
Au-rin'i-e,
Au-ro'ra
Au-run'ce 8
Au-run-cu-le'i-U3
Aus-chi'sse 12
Aus'ci 3
Au'ser
Au'se-ris
Au'ses
Au'son
Au-so'ni-a
Au-so'ni-us
Au''3pi-ces
Aus'ter
Aus-te'si-on
Au-to-bu'lu3, or
At-a-bu'lu3
Au-ta-ni'tis
Au-toch'tbo-nes
Au'to-cles
Au-toc'ra-t6S
Au-to-cre'ne 8
Au-tol'o-lffi
Au-tol'y-cu3
Au-tom'a-te
Au-tom'e-don
Au-tome-du'sa
Au-tom'e-nes
Au-tom'o-li
Au-ton'o-e
Au-toph-ra-da'tes
Au-xc'si-a 1]
Av-a-rik;mn
A-vel'la
Av-en-ti'nus
A-ver'nus, or A-ver'na
A-vea'ta
A-vid-i-e'nus
A-vid'i-u3 Cas'si-us
Av-i-e'nua
A'vi-um
Ax'e-nus
Ax-i'o-chus
Ax-i'on 29
Ax-i-o-ni'cu3 30
Ax-i-o'te-a
Ax-i-o'the-a
Ax'i-us
Ax'ur, and An'xur
Ax'us
A'zan 1
A-zi'ris
Az'o-nax
A-zo'ru3 H
A-zo'tus
B.
BA-BIL'I-US
Eab'i-lu3
Bab'y-lon
Bab-y-lo'ni-a
Bab-y-lo'ni-i 4
Ba-byr'sa
Ba-byt'a-ce
Bac-a-ba'su3
Bac'chse
* Aristob'ulus, Perry.
t Arsaces. — Gouldman, Lempriere, Holyoke, and Labbe,
accent this word on the first syllable, and unquestionably not
without classical authority ; but Ainsworth, and a still great-
er authority, general usage, have, in my opinion, determined
the accent of this word on the second syllable,
t Artemis. —
" The sisters to Apollo tune their voice,
And, Artemis, to thee, whom darts rejoice."
Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 17.
§ ./3rte77ii«a.— Ainsworth places the accent on the antepe-
nultimate syllable of this word ; but Lempriere, Gouldman,
and Holyoke, more correctly, in my opinion, on the penulti-
mate.
TT Atrehates. — Ainsworth accents this word on the antepe
nultimate syllable ; but Lempriere, Gouldman, Holyoke, and
Labbe, on the penultimate ; and this is. in my opinion, the
better pronunciation.
956
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
BA
Bac-cha-na'li-a
Bac-chan'tea
Bdc'chi 3
Bac-chi'a-dae
Bac'chi-des
Bac'chis
Bac'chi-am
Bac'chi-oa
Bac'chus
Bac-chyl'i-des
Ba-ce'nis
Ba'cis
Bac'tra
Bac'tri, and
Bac-tri-a'ni 4
Bac tri-a'na
Bac'troa
Bad'a-ca
Ba'di-a
Ba'di-ug
Bad-u-hen'nae
Bae'bi-us, M.
Bffi'tis
Bae'ton
Ba-gis'ta-me
Ba-gis'ta-nes
Ba-go'as, and Ba-go'sas
Bag-o-da'res
Ba-goph'a-ues
Bag'ra-da
Ba'i-se
Ba'la
Ba-]a'cru3
Bal-a-na-'grae
Ba-la'nus
Ba-la'ri
Bal-bil'lu3
Ba]-bi'nu3
Bal'bus
Bal-e-a'reg
Ba-lo'tus
Ba'li-us
Ba-lis'ta
Bal-Ion'o-ti 3
Ba]-ven'ti-us 10
Bal'y-ras
Bam-u-ru'se
Ban'ti-ae 4
Ban'ti-us, L. 10
Baph'y-ru3 6
Bap'tse
Ba-rse'i
Bar'a-thrum
Bar'ba-ri
Bar-ba'ri-a
Bar-bos 'the-nes
Bar-byth'a-ce
Barca
Bar-cae'i, or Bar'ci-tEe
Bar ce
Bar'cha
Bar-daB'i
Bar'di
Bar-dyl'lis
Ba-re'a
Ba're-as So-ra'nus
Ba'res
Bar-gu'si-i 3
Ba-ri'ne
Ba-ris'ses
Ba-ri-um
Bar'nu-113
Bar-si'ne, and Bar-se'ne
Bar-za-en'tes
Bar-za'nes
Bas-i-le'a
Bas-i-li'dae
Bas-i-Iides
Ba-sil-i-o-pot a-mos
Bas'i-lis
Ba-sil'i-us 31
Bas'i-lus
Bas'sae
Bas-sa'ni-a
Bas-sa're-us
BE
Bas'sa-ris
Bas'sus Aa-fid'i-U8
Bas-tar'nse, and
Bas-ler'nae
Bas'ti-a
Ba'ta
Ba-taM
Ba'thos
Bath'y-cles
ba-thyl'lu3
Bat-i-a'tus
Ba'ti-a 11
Ba-ti'na, and Ban-ti'na
Ba'tis
Ba'to
Ba'ton
Bat-ra-cho-my-o-raach'-
i-a
Bat-ti'a-des
Bat'tis
Bat'tus
Bat'u-lum
Bat'u-lus
Ba-tyl'lus
Bau'bo
Bau'cis
Bau'li 3
Ba'vi-us
Baz-a-en'tes
Ba-za'ri-a
Be'bi-us
Be-bri'a-cum
Beb'ry-ce 6
Beb'ry-ces, and
Be-bryc'i-i 4
Be-bryc i-a
Bel-e-mi'na
Bel-e-phan'tes
Bel'e-sis
Bel'gffi
Bel'gi-ca
PeJ'gi-um
Bel'gi-us
BeVi-des, plural
Be-li'des, singular
Be-lis'a-ma
Bel-i-sa'ri-us
Bel-is- ti'da
Bel'i-tae
Bel-ler'o-phon
Bel-le'rus*
Bel-li-e'nus
Bel-lo'na
Bel-lo-na'ri-i 4
Bel-lov'a-ci
Bel-lo-vc'su3
Be 'Ion
Be'lus
Be-na'cus
Ben'dis
Ben-e-did'i-um
Ben-e-ven'tam
Ben-the-sic'y-me
Be-pol-i-ta'nus
Ber'bi-cee
Ber-e-cyn'thi-a
Ber-e-ni'co 30
Ber-e-ni cis
Ber'gi-on
Ber-gis'ta-ni
Ee'ris, and Ba'ris
Ber 'mi-US
Ber'o-e
Be-roe'a
Ber-o-ni'ce 30
Be-ro'sus
Bcr-rhoe'a
Be'sa
Be-sid'i-ae
Be-sip'po
Bes'si 3
Bes'sus
Bes'ti-a
Be 'tis
Be-tu'ri-a
BO
Bi'a
Bi-a'norf
Bi'as
Bi-bac'u-lu3
Bib'a-ga
Bib'li-a, and Bil'li-a
Bib'Iis
Bib-li'na
Bib'lus
Bi-brac'te
Bib'u-lus
Bi'ces
Bi'con
Bi-cor'ni-ger
Bi-cor'nis
Bi-for'mig
Bi'frons
Bil'bi-.is
Bi-ma'ter
Bin'gi-nm
Bi'on
Bir'rhus
Bi-sal'ts
Bi-sal'tes
Bi-sal'tis
Bi-san'the
Bis ton
Bis'to-nia
Bi'thus
Bith'y-ae
Bi-thyn'i-a
Bit'i-as
Bi'toa
Bi-tu'i-tua
Bi-tun'tum
Bi-tur'i-ges
Bi-tur'i-cum
Biz 'i-a
Blae'ua
Bte'si-i 4
Blaj'sus
Blan-de-no na
Blan-du'si-a
Blas-to-pbce-ni'ces
Blem'my-es
Ble-ni'na
Blit'i-us 10
Bla'ci-um 10
Bo-a-dic'e-a
Bo'ffi, and Bo'e a
Bo-a'gri-us
Bo-ca'li-as
Boc'car
Boc'cho-ris
Eoc'chus
Bo-du'ni
Bo-du-ag-na'tus
Boe-be'is
Bae'bi-a
Bo-e-dro'mi-a
Boe-o-tar'chse
BcB-o'ti-a
Bce-o'tus
Bce-or-o-bis'tas
Bo-e'thi-us
Bo'e-tus
Bo'e-us
Bo'ges
Bo'gud
Bo'gus
Bo'i-i 3
Bo-joc'a-lus
Bo'la
Bol'be
Bol-bi-ti'num
Bol'gi-us
Bo-ii'na
Bol-i-nae'us
Bo-lis'sus
Bol-la'nu3
Bo'lu3
Bom-i-en'ses
Bo-mil 'car
Bom-o-ni'cse 30
Bo-no'ni-a
BU
Bo-no'si-u3
Bo-no' zhe-ais
Bo-o-su'ra
Bo-o'tes
Bo-o'tus, and Boe'o-tus
Bo're-a
Bo-re'a-des
Bo're-as
Bo-re-as'mi 3
Bo're-us
Bor'ges
Bor-go'di
Bor'nos
Bor-sip'pa
Bo'rus
Bo-rys'the-nes
Bos'pho-rus
Bot'ti-a
Bot-ti-ae'is
Bo-vi-a'num
Bo-WrisB
Braf'h-ma'nes
Brae'si-a
Bran-chi'a-des
Bran'chi-diE
Bran-chyl'li-des
Bra'si-ae
Bras'i-das
Bras-i-de'i-a
Bran're
Brau'ron
Bren^ni, and Breu'ni
Bren'nus
Bren'the
Bres'ci-a
Bret'ti-i 3
Bri-a're-us
Bri'as
Bri-gan'tes
Brig-an-ti'nus
Bri'mo
Bri-se'is
Bri'ses
Bri-se'us
Bri-tan'ni
Bri-tan'ni-a
Bri-tan'ni-cus 30
Brit-o-mar'tis
Brit-o-ma'rus
Brit'o-nes|
Brix-el'Ium
Brix'i-a
Bri'zo
Broc-u-be'lus
Bro'mi-us
Bro'mus
Bron'tes
Bron-ti'nus
Bro'te-as
Bro'tbe-u*
Bruc'te-ri 4
Bru-ma'li-a
Brun-du''5i-um
Bru-tid'i-us
Bru'ti-i 4
Bru'tu-lu3
Bru'tus
Bry'as
Bry-ax'is
Bry'ce
Brv'ges
Bry'gi 3 5
Bry'se-a
Bu-ba-ce'ne
Bu-ba'ces
Bu'ba-ris
Bu-bas-ti'a-cus
Bu'ba-sus
Bu'bon
Bu-ceph'a-la
Bu-ceph'a-Ius
Bu-col'i-ca
Bu-col'i-cum
Bu-co'li-on
Bu'co-lus
CiE
Bu'di-i 3
Bu-di'ni 3
Bu-do'rum
Bu'lis
Bul-la'ti-u3 10
Bu'ne-a
Bu'nus
Bu'po-lus
Bu'pha-gns
Bu-pho'ni-a
Bu-pra'si-um
Bu'ra
Bu-ra'i-cus
Bur'rhus
Bur'sa
Bur'si-a
Bu'ssB
Bu-si'ria
Bu'ta
Bu'te-o
Bu'tes
Bu-thro'tum
Bu-thjT:'e-u3
Bu'to-a
Bu'tos
Bu-tor'i-des
Bu-tun'tum
Bu'tus
Bu-zy'ges
Byb-^le'si-a, anj
By-bas'si-a
Byb'li-a
Byb'li-i 4
Byb'lis
Byl-li'o-nes
Byr'rhus
Byr'sa
By-za'ci-um
Byz-an-ti'a-cus
By-zan'ti-um
By'zas
By-ze'nus
Byz'e-res
Byz'i-a
CA-AN'THUS
Cab'a-des 20
Cab'a-les 20
Ca-bal'i-i 4
Cab-al-11'num
Cab-a-li'nus
Ca-bar'nos
Ca-bas'sus
Ca-bel'li-o 4
Ca-bi'ra
Ca-bi'ri 3
Ca-bir'i-a
Ca-bu'ra 7
Cab'u-rus 20
Ca'ca
Cach'a-les 20
Ca'cus
Ca-cu'this
Ca-cyp'a-ria
Ca'di 3
Cad-me'a
Cad-me'is
Cad'mus
Ca'dra 7
Ca-du'ce-us 10
Ca-dur'ci 3
Ca-dus'ci
Cad'y-tis
Cge'a 7
Cae'ci-as 10
Cae-cil'i-a
Cae-cil-i-a'nus
Cae-cil'i-i 4
Cae-cil'i-us
CBBC'i-luS
Cae-ci'na Tus'cus
'^ BeUerus. — All our lexicographers unite in giving this
word the antepenultimate accent : but Milton seems to have
sanctioned the penultimate, as much more agreeable to Eng-
lish ears, in his Lycidas ;
" Or whether thou, to our moist vows denied,
Sleep'st by the fable of Bellenis old."
Though it must be acknowledged that Milton has in this word
cUsscrted the classical pronunciation, yet his authority is suffi-
cient to make us acquiesce in his accentuatiou in the above*
mentioned passage.
t Bianor. — Lempriere accents this word on the first sylla-
ble ; but Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman, and Holyoke, on the
second ; and these agi-ee with Virgil, Eel. ix. v. 60.
X Britones. — Labbe tells us that this word is sometimes
pronounced with the penultimate accent, but more frequently
with the anteoenultimate.
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
957
10
CA
C«9c'u-bum
C»c'u-lus
CsB-dic'i-^us
Cse'li-a
CsB'li-ua
Csem'a-ro
Cae'ne
Cffi'ne-us
Caen'i-des
Caj-ni'na
Cae'nis
CsB-not'ro-pEB
Cae'pi-o
Cae-ra'tus
Cae're, or Cae'res
Oasr'e-si 3
Cae'sar
Caes-a-re'a
Cao-sa'ri-on
Ose-sen'ni-as
Cae-ce'ti-iis 10
CEB'si-a 10
Cae'si-us 10
Csb'so
CEB-so'ni-a
CaB-so'ni-us
Cset'o-brix
Cast'u-lum
Cse'yx
Ca-ga'co
Ca-i-ci'nus
Ca-i'cu3
Ca-i-e'ta
Ca'i-us, and Ca'i-i
Ca'i-us
Cal'ab-er, Q,.
Ca-la'bri-a
Cal'a-brus
Cal-a-gur-rit'a-ni
Cal'a-is
Ca-lag'u-tis
Cal'a-mis 20
Cal-a-mi'sa
Cal'a-mos
Cal'a-mus 20
Ca-la'nus
Cal'a-on
Cal'a-ris
Cai-a-tha'na
Ca-la'thi-on
Cal'a-thus
Cal'a-tes 20
Ca-la'ti-a
Ca-la'ti-ae 10
Cal-au-re'a, and
Cal-au-ri'a
Ca-]a'vi-i 4
Ca-la'vi-us
CaPbis
Cal'ce
Cal'chas
Cal-che-do'ni-a
Cal-chin'i-a 12
Cal'dus Cae'li-us
Ca'le
Cal-e-do'ni-a
Ca-le'nus
Ca'les
Ca-le'si-us 10
Ca-le'tae
Cal'e-tor 20
Ca'lex
Cal-i-ad'ne
Cal-i-ce'ni
Ca-lid'i-us, M.
Ca-lig'u-la, C.
Cal'i-pus
Ca'lia
Cal-Ian chrus
Cal-la'i-ci 4
Cal'las
Cal-la-te'bus
Cal-la-te'ri-a
Cal-le'ni
Ca]'li-a
Cal-li'a-des
Cal'li-as
CaI-lib'i-U9
Cal-li-ce'rus
CA
Cal-lich'o-rus
Cal'li-cles
Cal-li-co-lo'na
Cal-lic'ra-tes
Cal-lic-rat'i-das
Cal-lid'i-us
Cal-lid'ro-mus
Cal-li-ge'tus
Cal-lim'a-chus 12
Cal-lim'e-don
Cal-lim'e-des
Cal-li'nus
Cal-li'o-pe 8
Cal-li-pa-ti'-ra 30
Cal'li-phon
Cal'li-phron
Cal-lip'i-dsB
Cal-lip'o-lis
Cal'li-pus
Cal-lip'y-ges
Cal-Iir'ho-e 8
Cal-lis'te
Cal-lis-te'i-a
Cal-iis'the-nes
Cal-lis'io
Cal-lis-to-ni'cus
Cal-lis'tra-tus
Cal-lix'e-na
Cal-lix'e-nus
Ca'lon
Ca'lor
Cal'pe
Cal-phur'ni-a
Oal-phur'ni-us
Ca]-pur'ni-a
Cal-u-sid'i-us
Ca]-u si-um 10
CaI'vi-a
Cal-vi'na
Cal-vis'i-us 10
Cal'y-be 8
Cal-y-cad'nus
Cal'y-ce 8
Ca-Iyd'i-um
Ca-lyd'na
Cal'y-don 6
Cal-y-do'nis
CaI-y-do'ni-u9
Ca-lym'ne
Ca-lyn'da
Ca-lyp'so
Ca-man'ti-um 10
Cam-a-ri'na
Cam-bau'les
Cam'bes
Cam'bre
Cam-bu'ni-i 4
Cam-by'ses
Cana-^-la'ni 3
Cam-e-li't8B
Cam'e-ra 7
Cam-e-ri'num, and
Ca-me'ri-um
Cam-e-ri'nas
Ca-mer'ti-um
Ca-mer'tes
Ca-mil'la
Ca-mil'li, and Ca-mil':
Ca-mil'lus
Ca-mi'ro
Ca-mi'rus, andCa-mi'
Cam-is-sa'res
Cam'ma
Ca-moe'nae
Cam-pa'na Lex
Cam-pa'ni-a
Cam'pe 8
Cam-pas 'pe
Camp'sa
Cam'pus Mar'ti-us
Cara-u-lo-gi'nuB
Ca'na
Can'a-ce
Can'a-che 12
Can'a-chus
Ca'nae
Ca-na'ri-i 4
Can'a-thus
Can'da-ce*
Can-dau'les
CA
Can-da'vi-a
Can-di'o-pe
Ca'nens
Can-e-pho'ri-a
Can'e-thum
Ca-nic-u-la'res di'e
Ca-nid'i-a
Ca-nid'i-us
Ca-nin-e-fa'tes
Ca-nin'i-us
Ca-nis'ti-us 10
Ca'ni-us
Can'nffi
Ca-nop'i-cum
Ca-no'pus
Can'ta-bra
Can'ta-bri 3
Can-ta'bri-ae 4
Can'tha-rus 20
Can'thus
Can'ti-um 10
Can-u-ie'i-a
Can-u-le'i-us
Ca-nu'ii-a
Ca-nu'si-um 10
Ca-nu'si-us
Ca-nu'ti-us 10
Cap'a-neus, 3 syll.
Ca-pel'la
Ca-pe'na
Ca-pe'nas
Ca-pe'ni 3
Ca'per
Ca-pe'tus
Ca-pha're-us
Caph'y-ae 4
Ca'pi-o 4
Cap-is-se'ne
(>ap'i-to
Ca-pit-o-li'nu3
Cap-i-to'li-um
Cap-pa-do'ci-a 10
Cap'pa-dox
Ca-pra'ri-a
Ca'pre-ae
Cap-ri-cor'nus
Cap-ri-fic-i-a'lis
Ca-pri'na
Ca-prip'e-des .
Ca'pri-us
Cap-ro-ti'na
Ca'prus
Cap'sa
Cap'sa-ge
Cap'u-a
Ca'pys
Ca'pys Syl'vi-us
Car-a-bac'tra
Car'a-bis 20
Car-a-cal'la
Ca-rac'a-tes
Ca-rac'ta-cus'
Ca'ra!
Ca-rae'us
Car'a-lis
Car'a-nus 20
Ca-rau'si-us 10
Car 'bo
Car-che'don 12
Car-ci'nus
Car-da'ces
Car-dam 'y-le
Car'di-a
Car-du'chi 12 3
Ca'res
Car'e-sa
Ca-res'sus
Car-fin'i-a
Ca'ri-a
Ca'ri-as
Ca-ri'a-te
Ca-ri'na
Ca-ri'nae
Car'i-ne
Ca-ri'nus
Ca-ris'sa-num
Ca-ris'tum
Car-ma'ni-a
Car-ma'nor
Car'ine
CA
Car-me'Ius
Car-men'ta, and
Car-men'tis
Car-men-ta'les
Car-men-ta'lia
Car'mi-des 6 20
Car'na Car-din'e-a
Car-na'si-us 10
Car-ne'a-des
Car-ne'i-a
Car'ni-on
Car'nus
Car-nu'tes
Car-pa'si-a 11
Car-pa'si-um 11
Car'pa-thus
Car'pi-a 7
Car'pis
Car'po
Car-poph'o-ra
Car-poph'o-rus
Car'rse, and Car'rhae
Car-ri-na'tes
Car-ru'ca
Car-se'o-li 3
Car-ta'li-as
Car-the'a
Car-tha-gin-i-en 'ses
Car-tha'go
Car'thage (Eng.)
Car'tha-sia
Car-le'i-a
Ca'rus
Car-vil'i-us
Ca'17-a 6 7
Car-y-a'ta8
Car-y-a'tis
Ca-rys'ti-us
Ca-rys'tus
Ca'ry-um
Cas'ca
Cas-cel'li-us
Cas-i-Ii'num
Ca-si'na Ca-si'num
Ca'sj-us 10
Cas'me-njB
Cas-mil'la
Cas-pe'ri-a
Cas-per'u-la
Cas-pi-a'na
Cas'pi-i 4
Cas'pi-um ma're
Cas-san-da'ne
Cas-san'der
Cas-san'dra
Cas-san'dri-a
Cas'si-a 10
Cas-si'o-pe
Cas-si-o-pe'a
Cas-si-ter'i-des
Cas'si-U3, C. 10
Cas-si-ve-lau'nus
Cas-so'tis
Cas-tab'a-la
Cas'ta-bus
Cas-ta'li-a
Cas-ta'li-us fons
Cas-to'lus
Cas-ta'ne-a
Cas-ti-a-ni'ra
Cas'tor and Pol'lux
Cas-tra'ti-us 10
Cas'tu-lo
Cat-a-du'pa
Cat-a-men'te-les
Cat'a-na 20
Cat-a-o'ni-a
Cat-a-rac'ta
Cat'e-nes
Ca-thae'a
Cath'a-ri 3
Ca'ti-a 11
Ca-ti-e'na
Ca-ti-e'nus
Cat-i-li'na
Cat'i-line (Eng.)
Ca-til'li 3
Ca-til'lus, or Cat'i-lus
Ca-ti'na
Ca'ti-us 10
CE
Cat'i-zi 3
Oato I
Ca'tre-ua
Cat'ia
Cat'ti 3
Cat u-li-a'Ka
Ca-tul jus
Cat u lis 20
Can ca-eus
Cau'con
Cau'co-nes
Cau'di, and Cau'di-um
Cau-lo'ni-a
Cau'ni-us
Cau'nua
Cau'ros
Cau'rus
Ca'ua
Cav-a-ril'Jus
Cav-a-ri'nus
Ca'vi-i 3
Ca-y'ci 3 6
Ca-y'cus
Ca-ya'ter
Ce'a, or Ce'os
Ce'a-des
Ceb-al-li'nus
Ceb-a-ren'ses
Ce'bea
Ce'bren
Ce-bre'ni-a
Ce-bri'o-nea
Cec'i-das
Ce-cil'i-ua
Cec'i-na
Ce-cin'na, A.
Ce-cro'pi-a
Ce-crop'i-dae
Ce'crops
Ce-cyph'a-lae
Ced-re-a'tis
Ce'don
Ce-dru'si-i 3
Ceg'lu-sa
Ce'i o
Cel'a-don
Cel'a-dus
Ce-lsB'nae
Ce-lae'no
Cel'e-sB 4
Ce-le'i-a, and Ce'la
Cel-e-la'tes
Ce-]en'drae
Ce-len'dria
Ce-len'de-ris
Ce-le-ne-ua
Ce-Ien'na Ce-lae'na
Ce'ler
Cel'e-rea
Cel'e-trum
Ce'le-ua
Cel'mus
Cel'o-naB
Cel'sua
Cel'tae
CeJ-ti-be'ri
Cel'ti-ca
Cel'ti-ci
Cel-til'lua
Cel-to'ri-i 4
Cel-tos'cy-thsB
Cem'me-nu3
Cem'psi 3
Ce-nae'nm
Cen'cfare-ae 12
Oen'chre-ia
Cen'chre-as
Cen'chri-U3
Ce-nea'po-lis
Ce-ne'ti-um 10
Ce'ne-us
Cen-i-mag'ni
Ce-ni'na
Cen-o-ma'ni
Cen-so'res
Cen-so-ri'nus
Cen'sus
Cen-ta-re'tus
Cen-tau'ri 3
I Cen-tau'rus
* Candace. — Lempriere, Labbe, and Ainaworth, accent thia I sanctioned this latter pronunciation, and given it the pref-
word on tlie first syllable, but Gouldman and Holyoke on the erence
cecond : and I am much mistaken if the general ear has not I
958
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
Cen-tob'ri-ca
Cen'to-res 20
Cen-tor'i-pa
Cen-tri'tes
Cen-tro ni-us
Cen-tum'vi-ri 4
Cen lu ri-a
Ce-/-tu'ri-pa
Ce OS, and Ce'a
Cej-h'a-las
Ceph-a-Ie'di-on
Cepn-a-le'na
Ce-phal'len
Cepii-al-le'ni-a
Ceph a-lo
Oeph-a-loe'dis 5
Ceph'a-lon
Ceph-a lot'o-mi
Ceph-a-lu'di-um
Cepha-lus
Ce-phe'us
Cfc:-p!ie'nes
Ce-phis i-a 10 2U
Ceph-i-si'a-des
(Je-piiis-i-do'nis
Ce-phis i-on 10
Ce-pliis-od'o-tu3
Ce-plii'sus
Ce-phis'sus
Ce'phren
Ce'pi-o
Ce pi-on
Cer'a-ca
Ce-rac'a-tes
Ce-ram'bu3
Cer-a-mi'cus
Ce-ro'mi-um
Cer'a-mus 20
Ce'ras
Cer'a-sus
'~er'a-ta
Ce-ra'tus
Ce-rau'ni-a
Ce-rau'ni-i 4
Ce-rau'nus
Ce-rau'si-us 1
Cer-be'ri-on
Cer'be-rus
Cer'ca-phus
Cer-ca-so'rura
Cer-ce'is
Cer-ce'ne
Cer-ces'tes
Oer'ci-des
C©r'ci-i 4
Cer-ci'na
Cer-cin'i-um
Cer-cin'na
Cer'ci-us 10
Cer-co'pes
Cer'cops
Cer'cy-on 10
Cer-cy'o-nes
Cer-cy'ra, or
Cor-cyra
Cer-dyl'i-um
Cer-e-a'li-a
Ce'res
Ce-res'sus
Cer'e-tEB
Ce-ri-a'li?
Ce'ri-i 4
Ce-ril'luiu
Ce-riu'thus
Cer-y-ni'tes
Cer-ma'nus
Cer'nes
Ce'ron
CJer-o-pas'a-des
Ce-ros'sus
Cer'phe-res
(3er-rhEe'i 3
Cer -sob-lep'tes
Cer'ti-ma
Cer-to'ni-um
5iO
Ger-va'ri-up
Cer'y-ces 6
Ce-ryc'i-ag
Cer-y-mi'ca
Cer-ne'a
Ce-ryn'i-tes
Ce-sel'U-a3
Oe-sen'ni-a
Ces'ti-us 10
Ces-tri'na
Ces-trinus
Ce'tes
Ce-iae'gas
Ce'ti-i 4 10
Ce'ti-us 10
Ce'to
Ce'us, and Ca'us
Ce'yx
Clia'bes
Che'a* 12
Cha-bi'nu9
Cha'bri-a
Cha'bri-as
Chab'ry-is 6
Chie-au'i-tEB 4
Chae're-as
Chaer-e-de'mu3
Chse-re'mon
Cheer 'e-phon
Chse-res'tra-ta
Chas-rin'thus
Chse-rip'pus
Chve'TO
ChaB-ro-ne'a, and
Cher-ro-ne'a
Chee-ro 'ni-a
Cha-lde'on
Chal-cae'a
Chal'ce-a
Chal-ce'don, and
Cha!-ce-do'ni a
Chal-ci-de'ne
Chal-ci-den'ses
Chal-cid'e-us
Chal-cid'i-ca
Chal-cid'i-cus
Chal-ci-08'U3
Chal-ci'o-pe
Chal-ci'tis 3
Chal'c.is
Chal'co-don
Chal'con
Chal'cus
Chal-dae'a
Chal-dae'i 3
Cha-Ies'tra
Chal-o-ni'tis
Chal'y-bes, and
Cal'y-bes
Chal-y-bo-ni'tis
Chal'ybs _
Cha-ma'ni
Cham-a-vi'ri 4
Cha'ne
Cha'on
Cha'o-nes
Cha-o'ni-a
Cha-o-ni'tis
Cha'os
Char'a-dra
Cha-ra'dros
Char'a-dru3
Cha-rae'a-das
Char-an-dae'i
Cha'rax
Cha-rax'es, and
Cha-rax'us
Cha res
Char'i-cles
Char'i-clo
Char-i-cli'des
'Char-i-de'mu3
'Char'i-la
I'Char-i-la'us, and
1 Cha-ril'lus
CH
Cha-ri'ni, and
Ca-rv'ai 3
Cha'rig
Cha-ru>'i-a
Char'i-tes
Char'i-ton
Cbar'rae, a.ni
Car'me
Char'mi-das
Char'mi-des
Char-mi' nus
Char-mi'o-nef
Char'mis
Char-mos'y-na
Char'mo-tas
Charmus
Cha'ron
Cha-ron'das
Char-o-ne'a
Cha-ro'ni-um
Cha'rops, and
Char'o-pes
Cha-ryb'dis
Chau'bi, and
Chau'ci
Chau'la 7
Chau'rus
Che'lae
Che'Ies
Chel-i-do'ni-a
Chel-i-do'ui-ae
Che-lid 'o-nis
Chel'o-ne
Chel'o-nis
Chel-o-noph'a-gi
Chel-y-do're-a
Chem'mis
Che'na 7
Che'nae
Che'oi-oa
Che'ni-us
Che'ops, and
Che-OS 'pes
Che'phren
Cher-e-moc'ra-tes
Che-ris'o-phu3
Cher'o-phoii
Cher'si-as 10
CJier-sid'a-mas
Cher'si-pho
Cher-so-ne'sus
Che-rus'ci 3
Chid-nae'i 3
Chil-i-ar'chus
Chil'i-us,and Chil'e-i
Chi'lo
Chi-lo'nis
Chi-mae'ra
Chim'a-rus
Chi-rae'ri-um
Chi-om'a-ra
Chi'on 1
Chi'oHie 8
Chi-on'i-des
Chi'o-nis
Chi'os
Chi'ron
jChit'o-ne 8
Chlo'e
Chlo're-U3
Chlo'ris
Chlo'rus
Cho-a-ri'na
Cho-as'pes
Cho'bus
Cheer a-des
Chcer'i-lus
Chcer'e-Ee
Choa'ni-das
Chon'u-phis
Oho-ras'mi 3
Cho-rin'e-us
Cho-roe'bus
Cho-rom-nae'i 3
Chos'ro-€s
CI
Chre'raes
Chrem'e-tes
Chres'i-phon
Chres-phon'tes
Chres'tus
Chro'mi-a
Chro'mi-rjg
Chro'mis
Chro'mi-us
Chro'ni-u3
Chro'nos
Chry'a-sug
Chry'sa, and
Chryse
Chrys'a-rae
Chry san'tas
Chry-san'thi-us
Chry-san'tis
Chry-sa'orJ
Chrys-a-o're-U3
Chry-sa'o-ri3
Chfy'sas
Chry-se'is
Chry-ser'mus
Chiy'ses
Chiy-sip'pe
Chry-sip'pus
Chry'sis
Chrys-o-as'pi-de^
Chry-sog'o-nus
Chrys-o-Ia'us
Chry-so'di-um
Chry-sop'o-lis
Chry-sor'rho-ae
Chry-sor'rho-as
Chrys'os-tom
Chrys-oth'e-mis
Chryx'us
Chtho'ni-a 12
Chtho'ni-us 12
Chi'truni
Cib-a-ri'ti3
Cib'y-ra
Cic'e-ro
Cith'y-ris
Cic'o-nes
Ci-cu'ta
Ci-lic'i-a 10
Ci-lis'sa
Ciiix
Cil'la
Cil'les
Cil'lus
Cil'ni-us
Ci'lo
Cim'ber
I Cim-be'ri-ua
Cim'bri 3
Cim'bri-cuni
Cim'i-nus
Cim-me'ri-i 4
Cim'me-ris
Cim-me'ri-um
Ci-mo'lis, and
Ci-no'lia
[ Ci-mo'lus
Ci'mon
Ci-nae'thon
Ci-nar'a-das
Cin'ci-a 10
Cin-cin-na'tus, L. Q..
Cin'ci-us 10
Cin'e-as
Ci-ne'si-as II
Cin'e-thon
Cin'ga
Cin-get'o-rix
Sin-jet' o-rix
Cin'gu-lum
Cin-i-a'ta
Ci-nith'i-i 4
Cin'na
Cin'na-don
Cin'na-mus
Cin-ni'a-na
CL
Cinx'i-a
Ci'nyps, and
Cin'y-phufl
Cin'y-ras
Ci'os
Cip'pus
Cir'ce
Cir-cen'ses lo'di
Cir'ci U3 10
Cir'cj'i
Ci'ris
Cir-rae'a-tum
Cir'rha, and
Cyr rha
Cir'tha, and Ci/'U
Cis-al-pi'na Ghil'lL a
Cis'pa
Cis'sa
Cis'se-is
Cis-se'us
Cis'si-a 11
Cis'si-EB 11
Cis'si-des
Cis-sass'sa 5
Cis'sus
Cis-su'sa
Cis-te'nae
Ci-thae'ron
Cith-a-ris'ta
Cit'i-um 10
Ci us
Ci-vi'lis
Ciz'y-cum
Cla'de-us
Cla'nes
Cla'nis
Cla'ni-us, or Cla'nis
Cla'rus
Clas-tid'i-um
Clau'di-a
Clau'di-8B
Glau-di-a'nus
Clau-di-op'o-Iia
Clau'di-us
Clau'sus
Clav-i-e'nus
Clav'i-ger
Cla-zome-nae, and
Cla-zom'e-na
Cle'a-das
Cle-an'der
Cle-an'dri-das
Cle-an'tbes
Cle-ar'chus
Cie-ar'i-des
Cle'meas
Cle'o
Cle'o-bla
Cle-o-bu'la
Cle-ob-u-li'na
Cle-o-bu'lus
Cle-o-cha'res
Cle-o-cha'ri-a
Cle-o-dae'us
Cle-od'a-mas
Cle-o-de'mu3
Cle-o-do'ra
Cle-o-dox'a
Cle-og'e-nes
Cle-o-la'us
Cle-om'a-chus
Cle-o-man'tes
Cle-om'bro-tus
Cle-o-me'des
Cle-om'e-nes$
Cle'on
Cle-o'nae, and
Cle'o-na
Cle-o'ne
Cle o-ni'ca
Cle-o-ni'cus 30
Cle-on'nis
Cle-on'y-mus
Cle-op'a-ter
CIe-o-pa'tra||
* Chea. — The ch in this, and all words from the Greek and
Latin, must bo pronounced like k.
\ Charmione. — Dryden, in his tragedy of All for Love, has
Anwlicised this word into Charmion ; — the ch pronounced as iu
eliarm.
t Cfirysaor. — Then started out, when you began to bleed,
The great Chrysaor, and the gallant steed
Cooke's Hesiod. Theo<r.
§ Cleomenes. — There is an unaccountable caprice in Dryden'a
accentuation of this word, in opposition to all prosody ; for
through the whole tragedy of this title he piaces the accent on
the penultimate instead of the antepenultimate syllable.
II Cleopatra. — The learned editor of Labbe tolls us this word
ought to he pronounced with the accent on the antepenultiniatfi,
Cle-op'a-tra, though the penultimate accentuation, he siiys, is
the more common
i
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
dSQ
CO
CO
CO
Cle-op'a-tris
Co'cles, Pub. Horat.
Co'non
Cle-oph'a-nes
Coc'ti-aB, and Cot'ti-se
Con-sen'tes
Cle-o-phan'thus
Co-cy'tu3
Con sen'ti-a
Cle'o-phes
Co-dom'a-nus
Con-sid'i-us
Cle-oph'o-lus
Cod'ri-da3
Con-si-li'num
Cle'o-phon
Co-drop'o-lis
Con'stans
Cle-o-phy'lus
Co'drus
Con-stan'ti-a 11
Cle-o-pora'pus
Coe-cil'i-us
Con-stan-ti'na
Cle-op-tol'e-mus
Coe'la
Con-stan-ti-nop'o-li3
Cle'o-pus
Coe-lal'e-tEB
Con-3tan-ti'nu3
Cle^'ra
Coel-e-syr'i-a, and
Conistan-tine (Eng.)
Cle-os'tra-tus
C(B-lo-syr'i-a
Con-slan'ti-us 10
Cle-ox'e-nus
CoB'li-a
Con'sus
Clep'gy-dra
C(E-li-ob'ri-ga
Con-syg'na
Cle'ri 3
Coe'li-us
Con-ta-des'du3
Cles'i-des
Coe'lus
Con-tu'bi-a 7
Cle'ta
Coe'nus
Co'on
Clib'a-nus
Ccer'a-nus
Co'os, Cos, Ce'a, and C
Cli-de'mus
Co'es
Co'pBB
Clim'e-nus
Cos'ua
Co-phon'tis
Cli'nas
Cog'a-mus
Co'pha3
Clin'i-as
Cog-i-du'nus
Co'pi-a 7
Cli-nip'pi-des
Co'hi-bus
Co-pil'lus
Cli'nus
Co'hors
Co-po'ni-us
Cli'o
Co-lae'nus
Cop'ra-te3
Cli-sith'e-ra
Co-lax'a-is
Co'pre-us
Clis'the-nes
Co-lax'es
Cop'tus, and Cop'tos
.Cli'tse
Col 'Chi 12 3
Co'ra
Cli-tar'chjus
Col'chis, and Col'chos
Cor-a-ce'si-iim, and
Cli'te
Co-len'da
Cor-a-cen'si-uin
Cli-ter'ni-a
Co'li-as
Cor-a-co-na'su3
Clit-o-de'mu3
Col-la'ti-a
Co-ral'e-tae
Cli-tom'a-chus
Co-la-ti'nus
Co-ral'li 3
Cli-ton'y-mus
CoHi'naf
Co-ra'nus
Clit'o-phon
Coi-lu'ci-a
Co'ras
Cli'tor
Co'lo
Co'rax
Cli-to'ri-a
Co-lo'nae
Co-rax'i 3
Cli-tum'nus
Co-lo'ne
Cor'be-us
Cli'tus
Co-lo'nos
Cor'bis
Cloa-ci'na
Col'o-phon
Cor'bu-lo
Clo-an'thus
Co-los'se, and
Cor-cy'ra
Clo'di-a
Co-los'sis
Cor'du-ba
Clo'di-us
Co-los'su9
Cor-du-e'ne 8
Cl(fi'li-a
Col'o-test
Co're 8
Clce'li-iB 4
Col'pe
Co-res'su9
CloB'li-us
Co-lum'ba
Cor'e-sus
Clo'nas
Col-u-niel'Ia
Cor'e-tas
Clon'di-cus
Co-lu'thu3
Cor-fin'-i-ura
Clo'ni-a
Co-lyt'tU3
Co'ri-a 7
Clo'ni-us
Com-a-ge'na
Co-rin'e-um
Glo'tho
Com-a-ge'ni
Co-rin'na
Clu-a-ci'na
Co-ma'na
Co-rin'nus
Clu-en'ti-us 10
Co-ma'ni-a
Co-rin'thus
CJu'pe-a, and
Com'a-ri 3
Co-ri-o-la'nus 23
Clyp'e-a 23
Com'a-rus
Co-ri'o-li, and -
Co-ri-ol'la
Clu'si-a 11
Co-mas'tus
Clu-si'ni Fon'tes
Cora-ba'bus
Co-ris'sus
Clu-si'o-lum
Com'be
Cor'i-tU3
Clu'si-um 10
Com'bi 3
Cor'mus
Clu'si-us 10
Com-bre'a
Cor'ma-sa
CJu'vi-a
Com'bu-tis
Cor-ne'li-a
Clu'vi-us Ru'fas
Co-me'te3
Cor-ne'h-i 4
Clym'e-ne
Com'e-tho
Cor-nic'u-lum
Clym-en-e'i-des
Co-min'i-us
Cor-ni-fic'i-us 10
C]ym'e-nus
Co-mit'i-a 10
Cor'ni-ger
Cly-son-y-mu'sa
Co'mi-us
Cor-nu'tus
Clyt-em-nes'tra
Com'rao-dus
Co-roe'bus
Clyt'i-a, or CJyt'i-e
Co'mon
Co-ro'na
Clyt'i-U3 10
Com-pi-ta'li-a
Cor-o-ne'a
Cly'tus
Comp'sa-tU3
Co-ro'nis
Cna-ca'di-iim* 13
Com-pu'sa
Co-ron'ta
Cnac'a-lis
Co'mus
Co-ro'nus
Cna'gi-a
Con'ca-ni 3
Cor-rha'gi-um
Cne'mus
Con-cor'di-a
Cor'si 3
Cne'us, or Cnae'us
Con'da-lus
Cor'si-aB
Cni-din'i-um
Con'da-te
Cor'si-ca 7
Cni'dus, or Gni'dus
Con-do-cha'tes
Cor'so-te
Cno'pus 13
Con-dru'si 3
Cor'su-ra 7
Cnos'si-a 11
Con-dyl'i-a
Cor-to'nae
Cno'sus
Co'no 7
Cor-un-ca'nu8
Co-a-ma'ni
Con-c-to-du'nu3
Co'rus
Co-as'trce, and
Con-fu'ci-us 10
Cor-vi'nus
Co-ac'trae
Con-ge'dus
Cor-y-ban'tes 6
Cob'a-res
Co'ni-i 3
Cor'y-bas
Coc'a-lus
Con-i-sal'tu3
Cor-v-bas'sa
<^oc-ce'i-us
Co-nis'ci 3
Cor'y-bus
Coc-cyg'i-us
Con-ni'da3
Co-ryc'i-a 24
CR
Co-ryc'i-des
Co-ryc'i-us 10
Cor'y-cu3 6
Cor'y-don
Cor'y-la, and
Cor-y-le'um
Co-rym'bi-fer
Cor'y-na
Cor-y-ne'ta, and
Cor-y-ne'tes
Cor-y-pha'si-nm
Cor-y-tben'ses
Cor'y-hus
Co-ry'tu3 6
Cos
Co'sa, and Cos'sa, or
Cc'sai
Cos-co'ni-us
Co-sin 'gas
Cu'sis
Cos'mus
Cos'se-a 7
Cos'sus
Cos-su'ti-i 4
Cos-to-bce'i 5
Co-sy'ra
Co'tes, and Cot'tes
Co'thon
Co-tho'ne-a 7
Col'i-so
Cot-to'nis
Got'ta
Cotaiae Al'pes
Cot'tus
Cot-y-oB'um 6
Co-ty'o-ra
Cot-y-lae'us
Co-tyl'i-us
Co'tys
Co-tyt'to
Cra'gus
Cram-bu'sa
Cran'a-i 3
Cran'a-pea
Cran'a-U3
Cra'ne
Cra-ne'um
Cra'ni-i 4
Cra'non, and Cran'non
Cran'tor
Cra-as-sit'i-U3 10
Cras'sus
Cras-ti'nus
Crat'a-is
Cra-t33'us
Cra'ter
Crat'e-rus 20
Cra'tes
Crat-es-i-cle'a
Crat-e-sip'o-lis
C rat-e-s ip ' pi-das
Cra'te-us
Cra-te'vas
Cra'this
Cra-ti'nus
Cra-tip'pus
Crat'y-lus 6
Crau'si-a3 11
Crau'sis
Cra-ux'i-das
Crem'e-ra
Crem'ma
CreWmy-on, and
Crom'my-on
Crem'ni, and Crem'nos
Cre-mo'na
Crem'i-des
Cre-mu'ti-us 10
Cre'on
Cre-on-ti'a-des
Cre-oph'i-Ius
Cre-pe'ri-us
Cres.
Cre'sa, and Cres'sa
Cre'si-us 11
Cres-plion'tes
Cres'si-us 11
CU
I Cres'ton
Cre'sua
Cre'ta
Crete (Eng.) 8
Cre-tsB'us
Cre'te 8
Cre'te-a 7
Cro'tes
Cro'te-us
Cre'the-is
Cre'the-U3
Creth'o-na
Cret'i-cus
Cres'sas
Cre-u'sa 7
Cre-u'si^
Cri'a-su3
Cri~nip'pus
Cri'nis
Cri-ni'sus, and
Cri-mi'sus
Cri'no
Cri'son
Cris-pi'na
Cris-pi'nus
Crit'a-la
Crith'e-is
Cri-tho'te
Crit'i-as 10
Cri'to
Crit-o-bu'lus
Crit-og-na'taa
Crit-o-la'us
Cri'us
Cro-bi'a-lus
Crob'y-zi 3
Croc'a-le
Cro'ce-ae
Croc-o-di-lop'o-lia
Cro'cus
Croe'sus
Cro-i'tos
Cro'mi 3
Crom'my-on
Crom'na
Cro'inua
Cro'ni-a 7
Cron'i-des
Cro'ni-um
Cro'plii 3
Cros-sae'a
Crot'a-lu9
Cro'ton
Cro-to'na 7
Crot-o-ni'a-tis
Cro-to'pi-as
Cro-lo'pus
Cru'nos
Cru'sis
Crus-tu-me'ri 4
Crus-tu-me'ri-a
Crus-tu-me'ri-um
Crus-tu-mi'num
Crus-tu'mi-um
Crus-tu'nis, and
Crus-tur-ne'ni-u8
Cry'nis
Cte'a-tus
Ctem'e-ne 13
Cte'nos
Cte'si-as
Cte-fib'i-us
Ctes'i-cles
Cte-sil'o-chus
Ctes'i-phon 13
Cte-sip'pus
Ctim'e-ne
Cu'la-ro
Cu'ma, and Cu'm*
Cu-nax'a 7
Cu-pa'vo
Cu-pen'tus
Cu-pi'do
Cu-pi-en'ni-us
Cu'res
Cu-re'tC3
Cu-re'tis
* Cnacadium. — C before n, in this and the succeeding words,
is mute ; and they must be pronounced a3 if written J\raca-
dium, J^Tacalis, &,c.
t Collina. — Lempriere accents this word on the antepenulti-
mate ; but Ainsworth, Gouldman, andllolyoke, more properly
on the penultimate.
I Celotes. — Ainsworth and Lempriere accent this word on
the antepenultimate syllable ; but Labbe, Gouldman, and Hoi
yoke, more agreeably to the general ear, on the penaltiinate.
960
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES
CY
Cu'ri-a
Cu-ri-a'ti-i 4
Cu'ri-o
Cu-ri-o-soI'i-taB
Ca'ri-um
Ca'ri-us Den-ta'tus
Cur'ti-a 10
Cur-tU'lus
Cur'ti 'la 10
Cu-ru'lis
Cu8-38e'i 3
Cu-nl'i-um
Cy-am-o-so'ru3
Cy a-tie 6 8
Cy-a'ne-8B 4
Cy-aa'e-e, and Cy-a'ne-a
Cy-a'ne-us
Cy-a-nip'pe
Cy-a-nip'pus
Cy-a-rax es, or
Cy-ax'a-res 6
Cy-bo'be
Cyb'e-Ia, and Cyb-e'la
Cyh'e-le
Cyb'e-lus
Cyb'i-ia
Cy-ce'si-um 11
Cych' re-US 12
Cyc'la-des
Cy-clo'pes
Cy' clops (Eng.)
Cyc'nus
Cy'da 6
Cyd'i-aa
Cy-dip'pe
Cyd'nus
Cy'don
Cy-do'ni-a
Cyd'ra-ra
Cyd-ro-la'us
Cyg'ims
Cyl'a-bus
Cyl'i-ces
Cy-lin'du3
CyJ- lab'a-rus
CyMa-rus
Cyl leu
Cy -le'ne
Cyl-le-ne'i-us
Cyl-lyr'i-i 3 4
Cy'lon
Cy'ma, or Cy'mse
Cy-mod'o-ce
Cy-mod o-ce'a
Cy-mod-o-ce'as
Cy'me, and Cy'mo
Cym'o-lus, and
Ci-mo'lus
Cym-o-po-Ii'a*
Cy-moth'o-e
Cyn'a-ra
Cyn-Ee-gi'ru3
Cy-nee'thi-um
Cy-na'ne
Cy-na'pes
Cy-nax'a
Cyn'e-as
Cy-ne'si-i 4, and
Cyn'e-tae
Cyn-e-thus'sa
Cyn'i-a
Cyn'i-ci 3
Cy-nis'ca
Cy'no 6
Cyn-o-ceph'a-le
Cyn-o-ceph'a-li
Cjn-o-phon'tis
Cj-nor'tas
Cy-nor'ti-on 11
Cy'nos
Cyn-o-sar'ges
Cyn-os-se'ma
DA
CTO-o-su'ra
Cyn'osure (Eng.)
Cyn'tlii-a
Cyn'thi-us
Cyn'thus
Cyn-u-ren'ses
Cy'nus
Cyp-a-ris'si, and
Cyp-a-ris'si-a 11
Cyp-a-ris'sus
Cyph'a-ra
Cyp-ri-a'nus
Cy'prus
Cyp-sel'i-des
Cyp'se-lus
Cy-rau'nis
Cy're
Cy-re-na'i-ca
Cy-re-na'i-ci 3
Cy-re'ne 8
Cy-ri'a-des
Cy-ril'lus
Cyr'il (Eng.)
Cy-ri'nus
Cyr'ne
Cyr nus
Cyr-raB'i 3
Cyr'rha-daB
Cyr'rhes
Cyr'rhus
Cyr-ri-a'na 7
Cyi-si'lus
Cy'rus
Cy-rop'o-lis
Cy'ta
Cy-tae'is
Cy-the'ra
Cyth-e-ree'a, or
€yth-e-re'a|
Cyth'e-ris±
Cy-the'ri-U3
Cy-the'ron
Cy-the'run
Cyth'e-rus
Cyth'nos
Cy-tin'e-ura
Cyt-is-so'rus
Cy-to'rus
Cyz-i-ce'ni.
Gyz'i-cum
Cyz'i-cus
D.
DA'^, Da'hsB
'ci, and Da'cae
'ci-a 11
Dac'ty-li 3 4
Dad'i-cae
D»d'a-la
i/JE-da'li-on
Daed'a-lus
Oae'mon
Da i 4
Da'i-cles 1
Da'i-dis
Da-im'a-chus
Da-im'e-nes
Da'i-phron 1
Da-i'ra 1
Dal'di-a
Dal-ma'ti-a 10
Dal-ma'ti-us 10
Dara-a-ge'tu3
Dam'a-lig
Da'mas 1
Dam-a-sce'na
Da-mas 'ci-us 10
Da-mas 'cus
Dam-a-sich'thon
DE
Dam-a-sip'pus
Dam-a-sis'tra-tus
Dam-a-sith'y-nus
Da-mas'tes
Da'mi-a
Da-mip'pus
Da'rais
Dam'no-rix
Da' mo
Dam'o-cles
Da-moc'ra-tes
Da-moc'ri-ta
Da-moc'ri-tus
Da'mon
Dam-o-phan'tus
Da-moph'i-la
Da-moph'i-lus
Dam'ophon
Da-mos'tra-tus
Da-mox'e-nu3
Da-myr'i-as
Da'na 7
Dan'a-e
Dan'a-i 3
Da-na'i-des 4
Dan'^a-la
Dan'a-us
Dan'da-ri, and
Dan-dar^i-dae
Dan'don
Da-nu'bi-us
Dan'ube (Eng,)
Da'o-chus 12
Daph'nae
Daph-nae'us
Daph'ne
Daph-ne-pho'ri-a
Daph'nis
Daph'nus
Dar'a-ba
Da'iaps
Dar'da-ni 3
Dar-da'ni-a
Dar-dan'i-des
Dar'ua-nus
Dar'da-ris
Da'res
Da-re 'ti3
Da-ri'a
Da-ri'a-ves
Da-ri'tse
Da-ri'us
Das 'con
Das-cyl-i'tis
Das'cy-lus
Da'se-a
Da'si-us 11
Das-sar'e-tae
Das-sa-re'ni
Das-sa-ri'tEB
Das-sa-rit'i-i 3 4
Dat'a-mes
Dat-a-pher'nes
Da'tis
Da'tos, or Da'ton
Dau'lis
Dau'ni 3
Dau'ni-a
Dau'iius
Dau'ri-fer, and
Dau'ri-ses
Dav'a-ra 7
De-ceb'a-lus
De-ce'le-um
Dec'e-lus
De-cem'vi-ri 4
De-ce'ti-a 10
De-cid'i^us Sax 'a
De-cin'e-us
De 'ci-us 10
Do-cu'ri-o
Ded-i-tam'e-nes
DE
De-ic'o-on
De-id-a-mi'a 30
De-i-le'on
De-il'o-chus 12
De-im'a-chus
De-i'o-chus
De-i'o-ne
Do-i-o'ne-us
De-i-o-pe'i-a
De-iph'i-Ia
De-iph'o-be
De-iph'o-bus
De'i-phon
De-i-phon'tes
De-ip'y-le 6 7
De-ip'y-lus
De-ip'y-ru3
Dej-a-ni'ra
Dej'o-ces
Do-jot'a-rus
Del'don
De'li-a
De-li'a-des
De']i-um
Deli-US
Del-ma'ti-us 10
Del-min'i-um
De'los
Del'phi$
Del'phi-cus
Del-pJiin'i-a
Del-phin'i-um
Del'phus
Dei-phy'ne 6
Del'ta
Dem'a-des
De-maen'e-tus
De-mag'c-ras
Dem-a-ra'ta
Dem-a-ra'tus
De-mar'chus
Dem-a-re'ta
Dem-a-ris'te
De'me-a
De-me'tri-a
De-me'tri-as
De-metri-us
De'mo
Dem-o-a-nas'sa
Dem-o-ce'des
De-moch'a-rea
Dem'o-cles
De-moc'o-on
De-moc'ra-tes
De-moc'ri-tus
De-mod 'i-ce 4 8
De-mod'o-cus
De-mo 'le-on
De-mo'le-us
De'mon
Dem-o-nas'sa
De-mo'nax
Dem-o-ni'"a 1
Dem-o-ni'cus
Dem-o-phan'tus
De-mop h'i-Ius
Dem'o-phon
De-moph'o-on
De-mop'o-lis
De'mos
De-mos'the-nes 18
De-raos'tra-tus
Dem'y-lus
De-od'a-tus
De-o'is
Der'bi-ces
Der'ce
Der-cen'nu3
Der'ce-to, and
Der'ce-tis
Der-cyl'li-das
Der-cyl'lus
DI
Der'cy-nu3
Der-s8B'i 3
De-ru-si-ae'i 3
De-sud'a-ba
Deu-ca'li-on 28
Deu-ce'ti-us 10
Deu'do-rix
Dex-am'e-no
Dex-am'e-nu3
Dex-ip'pus
Dex-ith'e-a
Dex'i-us
Di'a 1 7
Di-ac-o-pe'na
Di-ac-tor'i-des
Di-EB'US
Di-a-du-me-ni-a'nus
Di'a-gon, and Di'a-gum
Di-ag'o-ras
Di-a'lis
Di-al'lus
Di-a-mas-ti-go'sis
Di-a'na 7
Di-an'a-sa
Di-a'si-a 11
Di-cEe'a
Di-cae'ug
Di'ce 8
Dic-e-ar'chus
Di-ce'ne-us
Dic'o-mas
Dic'tae
Dic-tam'num, and
Dic-tyn'na
Dic-ta'tor
Dic-tid-i-en'sea
Dic-tyn'na
Dic'tys
Did'i-us
Di'do
Did'y-ma
Did-y-mas'us
Did-y-ma'on
Did'y-me 6 8
Did'y-nium
Did'y-mas
Di-en'e-ces
Di-es'pi-ter
Di-gpn'ti-a 10
Dig'ma
Di'i 3 4
Di-mas'sua
Di-narchus 12
Di-nol'o-chus
Dini-ae 4
Dini-as
Din'i-che 12
Di-noch'a-res
Di-noc'ra-tes
Di-nod'o-chua
Di-nom'e-nes
Di'non
Di-nos'the-nea
Di-nos'tra-tus
Di-o'cle-a
Di'o-cles
Di-o-cle-ti-a'nu3
Di-o-cle'ti-an (K»g )
Di-o-do'rus
Di-o'e-tas
Di-og'e-nes
Di-o-ge'ni-a
Di-og'e-nus
Di-og-ne'tus
Di-o-me'da
Di-o-me'desIF
Di-o-me'do»
Di'on 3
Di-o-nae'a
Di-o'ne
Di-o-nys'i-a 11
Di-o-ny-si'a-des
* See Iphigenia. —
"Neptune, who shakes the earth, his daughter gave,
Cymopolia, to reward the brave."
Cooke's Hesiod.Theog. v. 11^.
I Cytherea. —
" Behold a nymph arise, divinely fair,
Whom to Cythera first the surges bear ;
And Aphrodite, from the foam, her name.
Among the race of gods and men the same :
And Cytherea from Cythera came."
CooKK*s Heslod. Theog. v. 299.
% Cytheris.-
-Mere poetry-
Your Roman wits, your Gallus and Tibullus,
Have taught you this from Cytheris and Delia.'
Dryden, All for Love,
^ Delphi. — This word was, formerly, universally written
Delphos ; till Mr. Cumberland, a gentleman no less remarka-
ble for his classical erudition than his dramatic abilities, in
his Widow of Delphi, rescued it from the vulgarity in which
it had been so long involved.
TT Diomedes — All words ending in edes have tha same ac
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
S€l
DO
Di-o-nys'i-as 11
Di-o-nys'i-des
D i-o-nys-i-o-do ' ru?
Di-o-uys'i-on 11
Di-o-ny-sip'o-lis
Di-o-nys'i-as 11
Di-oph'a-nes
Di-o-phan'tus
Di-o-pi'tes
Di-o-poe'iius
I'i-op'o-lis
Di-o'res
Di-o-ryc'tus
Di-o-scor'i-des
Di-os'co-rus*
Di-o-scu'ri| 3
Di-os'pa-ge
Di-os'po-lis
Di-o-ti'me 1 8
Di-o-ti'mus
Di-ot're-phes
Di-ox-ip'pe
Di-ox-ip'pus
Di-p£e'oe
Diph'i-las
Diph'i-lus
I)i-{ihor'i-das
Di-pue'nae
Dip'sas
Di'rae
Dii'ce
Dir-cen'na
Dir'phi-a
Dis-cor'di-a
Dith-y-ram'bus
Dit'a-ni 3
Div-i-ti'a-cus
Di'vus Fid'i-us
Di-yl'lus
Do- be 'res
Doc'i-lis
Doc'i-mus 24
Do 'cle-a
Do-do'na
Dod-o-nffi'us
Do-do'ne
Do-don 'i-deg
Do'i-i 4
Do]-a-bel'la
Dol-i-cha'ou
Dol'i-che 1 12
Do'li-us
Dol-o-me'na
Do'lon
Do-lon'ci 3
Dol'o-pes
Do-lo'phi-on
Do-lo'pi-a
Do'lops
Dom-i-du'cus
Do-min'i-ca
Do-mit'i-a 10
Do-mit-i-a'nu3
Do-mit'i-an (Eng.)
Dom-i-til'la
Do-mit'i-us 10
Do-na'tus
Don-i-la'us
Do-nu'ca
Do-ny'sa
Do-rac'te
Do'res
Dor'i-ca 4 7
Dor'i-cus
Do-ri-en'ses
Dor'i-las
Dor-i-la'ug
Do'ri-on
Do'ris
Do-ris'cu3
Do'ri-um
Do'ri-us
Do ros' to-rum
Dor-sen nus
Dor'so
Do'rus
Do-ry'a-sus 6
EB
Do-ry'clus
Dor-y-laB'um, and
Dor-y-lse'us
Dor'y-las
Dcr-y-la'us
Do-rys'sus
Dos'oi 3
Do-si'a-des
Dos-se'nud
Dot'a-das
Do'to
Do'tus
Dox-an'der
Dra-ca'nus
Dra'co
Dra-con'ti-des
Dra'cus
Dran'ces
Dran-gi-a'na 7
Dra'pes
Drep'a-na, and
Drep'a-num
Drim'a-chus
Dri-op'i-des
Dri'os
Dro'i 3
Dro-mae'us
Drop'i-ci 4
Dro'pi-on
Dru-en'ti-us, and
Dru-en'ti-a 10
Dru'gc-ri 3
Dru'i-da3
Dru'ids (Eng.)
Dru-sil']a Liv'i-a
Dru'so
Dru'sus
Dry'a-des
Dry'ads (Eng.)
Dry-an-ti'a-des
Dry-au'ti-des
Dry-mse'a
Dry'mo
Dry'mus
Dry'o-pe
Dry-o-pe'i-a 5
]3r} 'o-pes
Dry'o-pis, and
Dry-op'i-da
Dry 'ops
Uryp'e-tis
Du-ce'ti-us 10
Du-il'li-a
Du-il'li-us Ne'pos
Du-lich'i-ura
Dum'no-rix
Du'nax
Du-ra'ti-us 10
Du'ri-U3
Du-ro'ni-a
Du-um'vi-ri 4
Dy-a-gon'das
Dy-ar-den'ses
Dy'ruse
Dy-mee'i 3
Dy'mas
Dyra'nus
Dy-nam'e-ne
Dyn-sa'te
Dy'ras 6
Dy-ras'pes
Dyr-rach'i-um
Dy-sau'les
Dys-ci-ne'tus
Dy-so'rum
Dys-pon'ti-i 4
E.
E'A-NES
E-a'nus
E-ari-nus
E-a'si-um
Eb'do-mo
E-bor'a-cum
EL
I Eb-u-ro'nes
Eb'u-sus
Ec-a-nie'da
Ec-bat'a-na
Ec-e-chir'i-a
Es-e-kir'i-a
E-chec'ra-tes
E-kek'ra-tes
Ech-e-da'mi-a 30
E-chel'a-tus
E-cbel'ta
Ech'e-lus
E-chem'bro-tus
E-che'mon
Ech'e-mus
Ech-e-ne'us
Ech'e-phron
E-chep'o-lus
E-ches'tra-tus
E-chev-e-then'ses
E-chid'na
Ech-i-do'ru3
E-chin'a-des
E chi'non
E-chi'nus
Ech-i-nus'sa
E-chi'on 29
Ech-i-on'i-des
Ech-i-o'ni-u3
Ech'o
E-des'sa, E-de'sa
E-dissa
E'don
E-do'ni 3
E-dyl'i-us
E-e'ti-on 10
E-gel'i-das
E-ge'ri-a
E-ges-a-re'tus
Eg-e-sL'nus
E-ges'ta
Eg-na'ti-a 10
Eg-na'ti-us 10
E-i'on 26
E-i'o-nes
E-i-o'ne-us
E-jo'ne-us
El-a-bon'tas
E-lre'a
E-lae'us
El-a-ga-ba'lus, or
Ei-a-gab'a-lus
El-a-i'tes
E-la'i-us
El-a-phi-ee'a
El'a-phus
El-a-phe-bo'li-a
El-ap-to'ni-us
E-la'ra
El-a-le'a
E-la'tus
E-la'ver
E'le-a
E-le-a'tes
E-lec'tra
E-lec'tree
E-lec'tri-des
E-lec'try-on
E-le'i
El-o-le'us
E'le-on
El-e-on'tum
El-e-p ban 'tis
El-e-phan-toph'a-gi
El-e-phe'nor
El-e-po'rus
E'le-us
E-leu'chi-a
Ei-eu-sin'i-
E-leu'sis
E-leu'ther
E-leu'the raB
El-eu-the'ri-a
E-leu'tho
E-leu-ther-c-cil'i-ces
E-lic'i-us 10 24
El-i-eu'sis, and E-li'a-ca
22
EP
El-i-me'a
E'lis
El-is-pba'si-i 4
E-lis'sa
E-iis'sus
El-lo'pi a
E-lo'rus
E'los
El-pe'nor
El-pi-ni'ce
El-u-i'na
El'y-ces
El-y-ma'is
El'y-mi 3
El'y-mus
El'y-rus
E-lys'i-um
E-ma'thi-a
E-ma'thi-on
Em'ba-tum
Em-bo-li'ma
E-mer'i-ta
E-mes'sa, and E-mis'sa
Em-me'li-us
E-mo'da
E-nio'dus
Em-ped 'o-cles
Em-pe-ra'mus
Em-po'clus
Em-po'ri-a
Em-pu'sa
En-cel'a-dus
En-cbel'e-ae 12
En'de-is
En-de'ra
En-dym'i-on
E-ne'ti
En-gy'um
En-i-en'ses
En-i-o'pe-us
E-nip'e-us
E-nis'pe 8
En'na
En'ni-a
En'ni-us
En'no-mus
En-nos-i-gae'us
En'o-pe
E'nops
E'nos
En-o-sich'thon
E-not-o-coe'tBB
En-te)'la
En-tel'lus
En-y-a'li-us
E-ny'o 6
E'o-ne
E'os
E-o'us
E-pa'gris
E-pam-i-non'das
Ep-an-tel'i-i 4
E-paph-ro-di ' tus
Ep'a-phus
Ep-as-nac'tu3
E-peb'o-lus
E-pe'i 3
E-pe'us
Eph'e-sus
Eph'e-tse
Eph-i-al'tes
Eph'-o-ri 3
Eph'o-ru3
Eph'y-ra
Ep-i-cas'te
Ep-i-cer'i-des
Ep-i-cha'i-des
E-pich'a-ris
Ep-i-char'mus
Ep'i-cles
Ep-i-cli'des
E-pic'ra-tes
Ep-ic-te'tu3
Ep-i-cu'ru3
E-pic'y-des 24
Ep-i-dam'nus
Ep-i-daph'ne
ER
Ep-i-dau'ri a
Ep-i-dau'rus
E-pid'i-us
Ep-i-do'tee
E-pig'e-nes
E-pig'e-us
E-pig'-o-ni 3
E-pig'o-nus
E-pi'i, and E-pe'i
E-pil'a-ris
Ep-i-mel'i-des
E-pim'e-ne3
Ep-i-men'-i-des
Ep-i-me'the-us
Ep-i-me'this
E-pi'o-chus 12
E-pi'o-ne 8
E-piph'a-nes
Ep-i-pha'ni-us
E-pi'rus
E-pis tro-phus
E-pit'a-des
E'pi-um
Ep'o-na
E-po'pe-us
Ep-o-red'o-rix
Ep'u-lo
E-pyt'i-des
Ep'y-tus
E-qua-jas'ta
E-quic'o-lus
E-quir'i-a
E-quo-tu'ti-cura
Er'a-con
E-ree'a
Er-a-si'nus
Er-a-sip'pu3
Er-a-sis'tra-tus
Er'a-to
Er-a-tos'the-nes
Er-a-tos'tra-tus
E-ra'tus
Er-bes'sus
Er'e-bus
E-rech'the-us
E-rem'ri 3
E-re'mus
Er-e-ne'a
E-res'sa
E-rech'thi-des
E-re'sus
E-re'tri-a
E-re'tum
Er-eu-tha'li-on 23
Er'ga-ne
Er-gen'na
Er'gj-as
Er-gi'nus
Er-gin'nus
Er-i-boe'a
E-rib'o-tes
Er-i-ce'teg
E-rich'tho
Er-ich-tho'ni-U3
Er-i-cin'i-um
Er-i-cu'sa
E-rid'a-nusJ
E-rig'o-ne
E-rig'o-nus
Er-i-gy'us
E-ril'lus
E-rin'deg
E-rin'na
E-rin'nys
E-ri'o-pis
E-riph'a-nis
E-riph'i-das
Er-i-phy'le
E'ris
Er-i-sich'thon
Er'i-thus
E-rix'o
E-ro'chus
E-ro'pus, and
^r'o-pas
E'ros
E-ros'tra-tus
centuation ; as Archimedes, Diomedes, &.c. The same may
be observed of words ending in icles and odes ; as Iphicles,
Damocles, Jindrocles, &c. See tiie Tervdnational Vocabu-
lary
* Dioscwus. — An heresiarch of the fifth century.
61
t Dioscuri.— The name given to Castor and Pollux, from the
Greek Atoj and KSpof pro Kopoj; the sons of Jove. *
X Eridaniis. —
" Alpheus and Eridanus the strong,
That rises deep, and stately rolls along."
Cookb's Hesiod. Theog, v. 5S0.
962
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
EU
E-ro'ti-a 10
Er-ra'ca
Er'se
Er'xi-as
Er'y-mas
E-ryb'i-um
Er-y-ci'na
Er-y-man'this
Er-y man'tliug
E-rym'naB
E-ry o'ne-us
Er'y mus
Er-y the 'a*
Er-} thi'ni 4
Er'y-thra
Er'y-thrae
E-ryth'ri-on
E-ryth'ros
E'ryx
£-ryx'o
E-ser'nus
Es-quil'i-a;, and
Es-qui-li'nu,?
Es-sed'o-nes
Es'su-i 3
Es'u-la
Es-ti-ai'a 7 .
Et-c-ar'chus
E-te'o-cles
E-te'o-clus
Et-e-o-cre'tse
E-te'o-nes
E-te-o'ne-us
Et-e-o-ni'cus 30
E-te'si-ce 11
E-tha'li-on 29
E-the'Ie-um
Eth'o-da
E-the'mon
E'ti-as 10
E'tis
E-tru'ri-a
Et'y-lus
Eu'ba-ges
Eu-ba'tas
Eu'bi-us
Eu-boe'a 7
Eu-bo'i-cus
Eu'bo-te
Eu'bo-tes
Eu-bu'le 8
Eu-bu'li-des
Eu-bu'lu3
Eu-ce'rus
Eu-che'nor
Eu'chi-des
Eu-cli'de3
Eu'clid (Eng.)
Eu'clus
Eu'cra-te
Eu'cra-tes
Eu'cri-tus
Euc-te'mon
Euc-tre'si-i 4
Eu-dae'mon
Eu-dam'i-das
Eu'da-miis
Eu-de'mus
Eu-do'ci-a
Eu-doc'i-mus
Eu-do'ra
Eu-do'rus
Eu-dox'i-a
Eu-dox'us
Eu-e-mer'i-das
Eu-ga'ne-i 3
Eu-ge'ni-a 20
Eu-go'nius
Eu'ge-on
Eu-hom'e-rus
Eu hy-drum
EU
|Eu hy-us
Eu-lim'e-ne
Eu-ma'chi-us 12
Eu-msB'us
Eu-me'des
EjMne'lis
Eu^e'lus
Eu'me-lus (King)
Eu'me-nesf
Eu-me'ui-a
Eu-mdn'i-des
Eu-me-nid'i-a
Eu-me'ni-us
Eu-mol'pe
Eu-mol'pi-dae
Eu-mol'pus
Eu-moa'i-des
Eu-nae'us
Eu-na 'pi-US
Eu-no'xni-a
Eu'no-mus
Eu'nus
Eu'ny-mo3
Eu'o-ras
Ea-pa'gi-um
Eu-pal'a-mon
Eu-para-mus
Eu'pa-tor
Eu-pa-to'-ri-a
Eu-pei'thes
Eu'pha-es
Eu-phan'tus
Eu-phe'me
Eu-phe'mus
Eu-phor'bus
Eu-pho'ri-on
Eu-phra'nor
Eu-phra'tes
Eu'phroti
Eu-phros'y-ne
Eu-plae'a, or Eu-plce';
Eu'po-lis
Eu-,uoin'pus
Eu-ri-a-nas-'sa
Eu-rip'i-des
Eu-ri'pu3
Eu-ro'mus
Eu-ro'pa 7
Eu-ro-pse'us
Eu'rops
Eu'ro-pus
Eu-ro'xas
Eu-ro'to
Eu'rus
Eu-ry'a-le 8
Eu-ry'a-lus
Eu-ryb'a-tes
Eu-ryb'i-a
Eu-ry-bi'a-des
Eu-ryb'i-us
Eu-ry-cle'a
Eu'ry-cles
Eu-ry-cli'des
Ea-ryc'ra-tes
Eu-ry-crat ' i-das
Eu-ryd'a-mas
Eu-ryd'a-me
Eu-ry-dam' i-das
Eu-ryd'i-ce
Eu-ry-ga'ni-a
Eu-ryie-on
Eu-ryl'o-chu3
Eu-rym'a-chus
Eu-rym'e-de
Eu-rym'e-don
Eu-rym'e-nes
Eu-ryn'o-me
Eu-ryn'o-mus
Eu-ry'o-ne
Eu'ry-pon
Eu-rj'p'y-le
FA
Eu-ryp'y-Ius
Eu-rys'the-nes
Eu-rys-then'i-dEB
Eu-rys'the-us
Eu'ry-te
Eu-ryt'e-ee
Eu-ryt'e-le
Eu-ryth'e-mis
Eu-ryth'i-on, and
Eu-ryt'i-on 11
Eu'ry-tis
Eu'ry-tus
Eu-se'bi-a
Eu-se'bi-us
Eu'se-pus
Eu-sta'thi-us
Eu-sto'li-a
Eu-sto'li-u3
Eu-tse'a 7
Eu-tel'i-das
Eu-ter'pe
Eu-tha'li-aJ
Eu-tha'li-us
Eu-thyc'ra-tes
Eu-thy-de'iuus
Eu-thy'mus
Eu-trap-e-lus
Eu-tro'pi-a
Eu-tro'pi-us
Eu'ty-ches
Eu-tych'i-de
Eu-tych'i-de3
Eu'ty-phron
Eu-xan'thi-U3
Eux'e-nus
Eu-xi'nus Pon'tus
Eu-xip'pe
E-vad'ne
Ev'a-ges
E-vag'o-ras
E -vag'o-re
E'van
E-van'der
E-van'ge-lus
Ev-an-gor'i-des
E-van'the3
E-var'chus
E'vas
E'vax
E-vel'tbon
E-vem'e-rus
E-ve'nus
Ev-e-phe'nus
Ev'e-res
E-ver'ge-tae
E-ver'ge-tes
E-vip'pe 8
E-vip'pus
Ex-a'di-u3
Ex-£B'the3
Ex-ag'o-nu3
Ex-om'a-trae
F.
PAB'A-RIS
Fa'bi-a 7
Fa-bi-a'ni 3
Fa'bi-i 4
Fa'bi-us
Fab-ra-te'ri-a
Fa-bric'i-us 24
Fa-buI'la
Fa'dus
Fffis'u-loe
Fal-cid'i-a
Fa-le'ri-i 4
Fal-e-ri'na
Fa-]er'nus
FU
Fa-lis'ci 3
Fd-lis'cus
Fa'ma
Fan'ni-a
Fan'ni-i 4
Fan'ni-us
Far'fa-rus
Fas ce-lis
Fas-cel'li-na
Fau-cu'i-a
Fau'Ia
Fau'na
Fau-na'li-a
Fau'ni 3
Fau'nus
Fau'sta
Fau-sti'na 3
Fau'sti-tas
Fau'stu-lus
Fau'tus
Fa-ven'ti-a io
Fa-ve'ri-a
Fa'vo
Feb'ru-a
Fec-i-a'les
Fel'gi-nas
Fen-es-tel'la
Fe ra'li-a
Fer-en-ta'nuuij^ C
Fe-ren'tum
Fe-re'tri-us
Fe-ro'ni-a
Fes-cen'iii-a
Fes'tus
Fi-bre'nus
Fi-cul'ne-a
Fi-do'na
Pi-de'n£E
Fi-den'ti-a 10
Fi'des
Fi-dic'u-lae
Fim'bri-a
Fir 'mi-US
Fis-cel'lus
Fla-cel'li-a
Flac'cus
Fla-cil'la ^'li-a
F]a-min'-i-a
Fla-min'i-us, or
Flam-i-ni'nus
Fla'ri-a
Fla-vi-a'nurn
F]a-vin'i-a
Fla-vi-ob'ri-ga
Fla'vi-us
Flo'ra
Flo-ra'Ii-a
Flo'rus
Flo-ri-a'nus
Flu-o'ni-a
Fo'li-a
Fon-te'i-a 5
Fon-te'i-us Cap'i-to
For'mi-EB
For-mi-a'num
For'nax
For-tu'na
For'u-li
Fo'rum Ap'pi-i
Frau'ci 3
Fre-gel'la 7
Fre-ge'nas
Fren-ta'ni 3
Frig'i-dus
Fris i-i 4
Fron ti-nus
Fron'to
Fru'si-no
Fu-ci'na
Fu-ci'nus
Fu-fid'i-us
GA
Fu'fi-us Gem'i-nus
Ful-gi-na'tes
Fui-gi'nus
Ful'li-num, and
Ful'gi-num
Ful'vi-a
Ful'vi-us
Fun-da 'nus
Pun'di 3
Fu'ri-a
Fu'ri-aB
Fu'ri-i 4
Fu-ri'na
Fu-ri'nae
Fu 'ri-us
Fur'ni-us
Fus'cus
Fu'si-a 11
Fu'si-us 10
G.
GAB'A-LES
Gab'a-za
Ga-be'ne, andGfc-bi-e'ne
Ga-bi-e'Eus
Ga'bi-i 4
Ga-bi'na
Ga-bin'i-a
Ga-bin-i-a'nus feO
Ga. bia'i-us
Ga'des, and Gad'j-^ra
Gad-i-ta'nus
Gse-sa'tffi
Gae-tu'li-a
GsB-tu'Ii-cus
Ga-la'bri-i 4
Gal-ac-toph'a-gi 3
Ga-lse'sus
Ga-lan'this
Gal'a-ta 7
Gal'a-tae
Gal-a-tae'a, and
Gal-a-thse'a
Ga-la'ti-a 10
Ga-lax'i-a
Gal'ba
Ga-le'nus
Ga-le'o-lae
Ga-le'ri-a
Ga-le'ri-u3
Ga-le'sus
Gal-i-lffi'a
Ga-lin-thi-a'di-a
Gal'li 3
Gal'li-a
Gal-li-ca'nas
Gal-li-e'nus
Gal-li-na'ri-a
Gal-lip'o-lis
Gal-lo-grae'ci-a
Gal-lo'ni-us
Gal'lus
Ga-max'us
Ga-me'li-a
Gan-da-ri'tae
Gau'ga-ma
Gan-gar'i-dae
Gan'ges
Gan-nas'cus
Gan-y-me'de
Gan-y-me'des
'6an'y-w-ede (Eng.)
Ga-raB'i-cura
Gar-a-man'tes
Gar-a-man'tis
Gar'a-mas
Gar'a-tas
Ga-re'a-tae
1
* Erythea. —
" Chrysaor, Love the guide, Calliroe led,
Daughter of Ocean, to the genial bed,
Whence Geryon sprung, fierce with his triple head ;
Whom Hercules laid breathless on the ground
In Erythea, which the waves surround."
Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 523.
t_ Eumenes. — It is not a little surprising that so elegant a
writer as Hughes should, throughout the whole tragedy of the
Siege of Damascus, accent this word on the penultimate syl-
laWe ; especially as there is not a single proper name, of
more than two syllables, in the Greek or Latin languages, of
this termination, which has the penultimate syllable long.
Lee has done the same in the tragedy of Alexander, which
would lead us to suppose there is something naturally repug-
nant to an English ear in the antepenultimate accentuation of
these words, and something agreeable in the penultimate.
X Euthalia. — Labbe observes, that this word does not come
from the muse Thalia, as some suppose, but from the mascu-
line Euthalius, as Eulatia, Eumenia, Eustolia, Eutropia, Em-
vielia, &c., which are professedly accented on the antepenul-
timate. — See Rule 29.
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
963
GL
Ga-re-ath'y-ra
Gar-ga'nus*
Gar-ga'phi-a
Gar'ga-ra 7
Gar ga-ris
Ga-ii]'i-u3
Gur-git'ti-us
Ga-rites
Ga-rum'na
Gas'tron
Gath'e-ae 4
Ga-the'a-tas
Gau'lus, Gau']e-on
Gau'rus
Ga us, Ga'os
Ge-ben'na 9
Ge-dro'si-a 11
Ge-ga'ni-i 4
Ge'la
Ge-la'nor
Gel'li-a
Gel'li-as
Gel'li-us
Ge'lo, Ge'lon
Ge'lo-i 3
Ge-]o'nes, Ge-lo'ni
Ge'los
Ge-min'i-us
Gem'i-nus
Ge-na'bum
Ge-nau'ni
Ge-ne'na
Ge-ni'sus
Ge'ni-us
Geu'se-ric
Gen'ti-us 10
Gt?n'u-a
Ge-nu'ci-us 10
Ge-nu'sus
Ge-nu'ti-a 11
Ge-or'gi-ca
Oeor'gics (Eng.)
Ge-phy'ra
Ge-j.hyr'sB-i 3
Ge-rani-a
G-e-ran'thrae
Ge-res'ti-cus
Ger'gi-thum 9
Ger-go'bi-a
Ge'ri-on
Ger-ma'ni-a
Ger-man'i-cus
Ger-ma'ni-i 4
Ge-ron'thrae
Ger'rhae
Ge'rus, and Ger'rhus
Ge'ry-on 9, and
Ge-ry'o-nes
Ges'sa-tse
Ges'sus
Ge'ta 9
Ge'tcB
Ge-tu'Ji-a
Gi-gan'tes
Gi-gar'tum
Gi'gis
Gil'do
Gil'lo
Gin-da'nes
Gin'des
Gin'ge
Gin-gu'num
Gip'pi-us
Gis'co
Gla-di-a-to'ri-i 4
Gla'nis
Glapli'y-re, and
Glaph'y-ra
Glaph'y-rus
Glance
Glau-cip'pe
10
GY
IGlau-cip'pus
Glau'con*
Glau-con'o-me
Glau-co'pis
Glau'cu3
Glau'ti-as
Gli'con
Glis'sas
Glyc'e-ra
Gly-ce'ri-um
Gly'con
GJym'pea
Gna'ti-a 13
Gni'dua
Gnos'si-a 10
Gnos'sis
Gnos'sus
Gob-a-nit'i-o 10
Go bar
Gob'a-res
Gob'ry-as
Gol'gi
Gom'phi
Go-na'tas
Go-ni'a-des
_Go-nip'pu3
Go-ncss'sa
Go-nus'sa
Gor-di-a'nu3
Gor'di-um
Gor'di-us
Gor-ga'sus
Gor'ge 8
Gor'gi-as
Gor'go
Gor'go-nes
Gor-go'ni-a
Gor-go'iii-u3
Gor-goph'o-ne
Gor-goph'o-ra
Gor'gus
Gor-gyth'i-on
Gor'tu-ae
Gor'tyn
Gor-ty'na
Gor-tyn'i-a
Gor'tys
Got'thi 3
Grac'chus 12
Gra-di'vus
Gra?'ci 3
GraB'ci a 11
Gree'ci-a Mag'ua
Gree-ci'nua
GraB'cus
Gia'i-U9
Gra-iii cus, or
Gran'i-ciis|
Gra'ni-us
Gra'ti-ae 10
Gra-ti-a'nu3 21
Gra-tid'i-a
Gra'ti-on Jl
Gra'ti-us 10
Gra'vi-i 4
Gra-vis'cae
Gfa'vi-us
Gre-go'ri-us
Grin'nes
Gro'phus
Gryl'lus
Gry-ne'um
Gry-ne'us
Gry-ni'um
Gy'a-rus, and Gy
Gy'as
Gy-gae'us
Gy'ge
Gy'ges 9
Gy'es
Gy-lip'pus
HA
Gym-na'si-a 11
Gym-na'si-um 11
Gym-ne'si-oe 11
Gym'ne-tes
Gym-nos-o-phis 'Ieb
Jim-Hos' o-phists
(Eng.) 9
Gy-nae'ce-as
Gyn-ae-co-thcB'nas
Gyn'des
Gy-the'um
HA'BIS
Ha-dii-a-nop'o-iis
Ha-dri-a'nus 23
Ha-dri-at'i-cum
HaB'mon
H»-mo'ni-a
ria3'mu3
Ha'ges
Hag'no
Hag-nag'o-ra
Ka-Iae'sus, and
Ha-le'sus
Hal'a-Ia
Ha]-cy'o-ne 8
Ha'les
Ha-le'si-us 11
Ha'Ii-a
Ha-li-ac'mon 21
Ha-li-ar'tus 21
Hal-i-car-nas'sus
Ha-lyc'y-ae 11 24
Ha-li'e-is
Ha-lim'e-de
Hal-ir-rho'ti-us 10
Hal-i-ther'sus
Ha'li-us 20
Hal i-zo'ne3 21
Hal'mus
Hal-my-des'sus
Ha-loc'ra-tes
Ha-lo'ue
Hal-on-ne'sus
Ha-lo'ti-a 10
Ha-lo'tus
Ha'lus •
Hal-y-se'tus
Hal-y-at'tes
Ha'lys
Ha-lyz'i-a 11
Ham-a-dry'a-des
Ha-max'i-a
Ha-mil'car
Ham'mon
Han'ni-bal
Har'ca-lo
Har-ma-te'li-a^
Har'ma-tris
Ha-mil'lus
Har-mo'di-us
Har-mo'ni-a
Har-mon'i-des
flar'pa-gus
Har-pal'i-ce
Har-pa'Ii on
Har'pa-lu3
Har-pal'y-ce 8
Har-pal'y-cus
Har'pa-sa
Har'pa sus
Ilar-poc'ra-tes
Har-py'i-ae 4
Har'pies (Eng.)
Ha-ru'spex
Has'dru-bal
Ha-te'ri us
HE
Hau'sta-nes
Heb'do-le
He'be 8
He-be 'sus
He'brus
Hec'a-le
Hec-a-le'si-a
Hec-a-me'de
Hec-a-tee'us
Hec'a-te 8, or
Hec'ate (.Eng.)
Hec-a-te'si-a 11
Hec-a tom-bo'i-a
Hec-a-tom pho'ni-a
Hec-a-t cm ' po-lis
Hec-a-tom'py-los
Hector
Hec'u-ba
Hed'i-]a
He-don'a-cum
Hed'u-i 3
He-dym'e-les
He-gel 'o-chus
He-ge'monJ
Heg-e-si'nus
Heg-€-si'a-nax
He-ge'si-as
Heg-e-sil'o-chu3
Heg-e-sin'o us
Heg-e-sippus
Heg-e-sip'y-le
Heg-e-sis'tra tus
Heg-e-tor'i-des
Hel'e-na 7
He-le'ni-a
He-Ie'nor
Hel'e-nus
He-ler'ni Lu'cus
He-li'a-des
He-li-as'taB
Hel-i-ca'on
Hel'i-ce
Hel'i-con
Hel-i-co-ni'a-des
Hel-i-co'nis
He-Ii-o-do'rus 21
He-li-o-gab'a-lus$
He-li-op'o-lis
He-lis'son
He'li-us
He-lix'us
Hel-lan'i-ce
Hel-lan'i-cus
Hel-1 a-noc ' r a-tes
Hel'las
Hel'le 8
Hel'len
Hel-le'nes
Hel-le-spon'tus
Hel-lo'pi-a
Hel-lo'ti-a 10
He-lo'ris
He-lo'rum, and
He-lo'rus
He'los
He-lo'tsB, and He-Io'tes
He'lum
Hel-ve'ti-a 10
Hel-ve'ti-i 4
Hel'vi-a
Hel'vi-i 4
Hel-vi'na
Hel'vi-us Cin'na
Hel'y-mus
He-ma'thi-on
He-mith'e-a
He '-men
He'mus
Hen'e-ti 3
He-ni'o-chi 3
He-phaes'ti-a
HE
He-phaBs'ti-i 4
He-pbffis'ti-o
He-pli!Es'ti-on 11
Hep-ta-plio'nos
Hep-lap'o-Jis
Hep-tap'y-lo3
He'ra 7
Her-a-cle'a
Her-a-cle'i-a
He-rac'le-um
He-rac-Ie-o'tes
Her-a-cli'dae
Her-a-cli'dis
Her-a-cli des
Her-a-cli'tus I
He-rac'li-us
He-rae'a
He-rae'ura
Her-bes'sus
Her-ce'i-us
Her-cu-la'ne-um
Her'cu-les
Her-cu'le-um
Her-cu'Ie-us
Her-cy'na
Her-cyn'i-a
Her-d'o'ni-a
Her-do'ni-us
He-ren-ni-us Se-ne'ci-o
He 're-US
He-ril'lu3
Her'i lus
Her'ma-chus
Her'mae
Her-mae'a
Her-mae'um
Her-mag'o-ras
Her-man-du'ri
Her-man'ni
Her-maph-ro-di'tus
Her-ma-the'na
Her-me'as
Her-me'i-as
Her'mes
Her-me-si'a-nax
Her-mi'as
Her-min'i-us
Her-mi'o-ne
Her-mi-o'ni-cB
Her-mi-on'i-cus Si'nus
Her-mip'pus
Her-moc'ra-tes
Her-mo-do'rus
Her-mog'e-nes
Her-mo-la us
Her-mo-ti'mus
Her-mun-du'ri
Her'mus
Her'ni-ci 4
He'ro
He-ro'des
He-ro-di-a'nus 21
He r'/d'i-cus
He rod'o-tus
Her'o-es
He-ro'is
He'ron
He-roph'i-la
He-roph'i-lus
He-ros'tra-tus
Her'pa
Her'se
Her-sil'i-a
Her'tha, and Her'ta
Her'u-li
He-sae'nus
He-si 'o-dus
He'zhe-od (Eng.) 10
He-si'o-ne
Hes-pe'ri-a
Hes-per'i-des
* Oargamis. —
" And high Qarganus, on the Apuiian plain,
Is mark'd by sailors from the distant main."
WiLKiE, Epigoniad.
f Granicus.- -As Alexander's passing the river Oranicus is
a common subject of history, poetry, and painting, it is not
wonderful that the common ear should have given into a pro-
nunciation of this word more agreeable to English analogy
than the true classical accent on the penultimate syllable.
The accent on the first syllable is now so fixed, as to make the
other pronunciation savor of pedantry. — See Awdronicus.
J //e^emora.— Gouldman and Holyoke accent this word on
the antepenultimate syllable, but Labbe and Lempriere, more
classically, on the penultimate.
§ Heliogabalus — This word is accented on the penultimate
syllable ^y Labbe and Lempriere ; but, in my opinion mr.e
agreeably to the general ear, by Ainsworth, Gouldman and
Holyoke, on the antepenultimate.
i; Heraclitus. —Th'ia name of the weeping philosopher is so
frequently contrasted with that of Democritus, the laughing
philosopher, that we are apt to pronounce both with the same
accent ; but all our prosodists are uniform in giving the ante-
penultimate accent to the latter, and the penultimate to the
former word.
964
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
HI
Hes'pe-ris
Hes-per'i-tis
Hes'pe-rus
Hes'ti-a
Hes-ti-ae'a 7
He'sus
He-sych'i-a
He-sych'i-us
He-tric'u-lum
He-tru'ri-a
Heu-rip''j)a
Hex-ap'y-Ium
Hi-ber'ni-a, and
Hy-ber'ni-a
Hi-bril'des
Hic-e-ta'on 24
His-e-ta' on
Hj-ce'tas
Hi-emp'sal
Hi'e-ra
Hi-e-rap'o-lis
Hi'e-rax
Hi'e-ro
Hi-e-ro-ce'pi-a
Hi-er'o-cles
Hi-e-ro-du'1'im
Hi-er-om'ne-mon
Hi-e-ro-ne'sos
fli-e-roni-ca 30
Hi-e-ron'i-cus
Hi-e-ron'y-mu3
Hi-e-roph'i-lus
Hi-e-ro-soly-ma
Hig-na'ti-a Vi'a
Hi-la'ri-a
Hi-la'ri-us
Hi-mel'la
Him'e--"a
Hi-mil'co
Hip-pag'o-ras
Hip-pal'ci-mus
Hip'pa-lus
Hip-par'chi-a 12
Hip-par'chus
Hip-pa-ri'nu5
Hip-pa'ri-on
Hip'pa-sus
Hip'pe-us
Hip'pi 3
Hip'pi-a
Hip'pi-as
Hip'pis
Hip'pi-us
Hip'po-
Hip-pob'o-tes
Hip-pob'o-tU3
Hip-po-cen-tau'ri
Hip-poc'o-on
Hip-po-coi'-ys'tes
Hip-poc'ra-tes
Hip-po-cra'ti-a 11
Hip-po-cre'ne* 7
Hip-pod'a-mas
HO
Hip-pod'a-me
Hip-po-da-mi'a 30
Hip-pod 'a-mus
Hip-pod'i-ce
Hip-pod 'ro-mus
Hip'po-la
Hip-pol'o-chus
Hip-pol'y-te 8
Hip-pol'y-tus
Hip-pom'a-chus
Hip-pom'e-don
Hip-pom'e-ne
Hip-pom'e-nes
Hip-po-mol'gi
Hip'pon, and Hip'po
Hip-po'na
Hip'po-nax
Hip-po-ni'a-tes
riip-po'ni-um
Hip-pon'o-us
Hip-pop'o-des
Hip-pos'tra-tus
Hip-pot'a-des
Hip'po-tas, or
Hip'po-tes
Hip-poth'o-e
Hip-poth'o-on
Hip-poth-o-on'tis
Hip-poth'o-us
Hip-po'ti-on 11
Hip-pu'ris
Hip'pus
Hip'si-des
Hi'ra
Hir-pi'ni 4
Hir-pi'nus, Q.
Hir'ti-a 10
Plir'ti-us Au'lus
Hir'tus
His'bon
His-pa'ni-a
His-pel'lum
His'po
His-pul'la
His-tas'pea
His'ter Pa-cu'vi-us
His-ti-ae'a
His-ti-je'o-tis
His-ti-se'us
His'tri a
Ho'di-us
Hol'o-cron
Ho-me'rus
Ho'mer (Eng.)
Hom'o-le
Ho rno'le-a
Hom-o-lip'pus
Hom-o-lo'i-des
Ho-mon-a-den'ses
Ho-no'ri-us
Ho'ra
Ho-rac'i-tffi 24
Ho'rse
HY
lA
XL
Hor-a-pol'lo
Hyp'a-nis
I-ar'chas
Ho-i-a'ti-us
Hyp-a-ri'nus
I-ar'da-nu8
Hor'ace (Eng.)
Hy-pa'tes
I-as'i-des
Hor'ci-as 10
Hyp'a-lha
I-a'si-on 11, and
Hor-mis'das
Hy-pe'nor
I-a'si-us
Ho-ra'tus
Hy-pe-ra'on
I'a-sus
Hor-ten'si-a 10
Hy-per'bi-u3
I-be'ri
Hor-ti'num
Hyp er-bo're-i
I-be'ri-a
Hor-ten'si-us 10
Hy-pe're-a, and
I-be'rus
Hor-to'na
Hy-pe'ri-a
I'bi 3
Ho'rus
Hyp-e-re'si-a 11
I'bis
Hos-til'i-a
Hy-per'i-des
Ib'y-cus
Hos-til'i-us
Hy-pe-ri'on 29
I-ca'ri-a
Hun-ne-ri'cus
Hyp-erm-nes'tra
I-ca'ri-us
Hun-ni'a-des
Hy-per'o-chus
Ic'a-ru8
Hy-a-cin'thi-a
Hy-per-och'i-des
Ic'ci-us 10
Hy-a-cin'thus
Hy-phse'us
Ic'e-los
Hy'a-des
Hyp'sa
I-ce'ni
Hy-ag'nis
Hyp-se'a
Ic'e-tas
Hy'a-la
Hyp-se'nor
Icli'nae
Hy-am'po-lis
Hyp-se'us
Ich-nu'sa
Hy-an'thes
Hyp-si-cra-te'a
Ich-o-nu'phis
Hy-an'tis
Hyp-sic 'ra-tes
ich-tliy-oph'a-gi 2
Hy-ar'bi-ta
Hyp-sip'y-le
Ich'thys
Hy'as
Hyr-ca'ni-a
I-cil'i-us
Hy'bla
Hyr-ca'num Ma're
Ic'i-us 10
Hy-bre'as, or Hyb're-ast
Hyr-ca'nus
I'cos
Hy-bri'a-nes
Hyr'i-a
Ic-ti'nus
Hyc'ca-ra
Hy-ri'e-us, and Hyr'e-us
I'da
Hy'da, and Hy'de
Hyr-mi'na
1-dffi'a
Hyd'a-ra
Hyr'ne-to, and
1-dse'us
Hy-dar'nes
Hyr'ne-tho
Id'a-lus
Hy-das'pes
Hyr-nith'i-um
Id-an~thyr'su3
Hy'dra
Hyr'ta-cus
I-dar'nes
Hy-dia'mi-a 30
Hys'i-a 11
I'das
Hy-dra-o'tes
Hys'pa
Id'e-a§ 28
Hy-droch'o-u3
Hys'sus, and Hys'si 3
1-des'sa
Hy-dro-pho'ri-a
Hys-tas'pes
I-dit-a-ri'sus
Hy'drus
Hys-ti-e'us
Id'mon
Hy-dru'sa
I-dom'e-ne 8
Hy'e-la
I-dom-e-ne'us, or
Hy-emp'sal
I-dom'e-neus||
Hy-et'tus
I.
I-do'the-a
Hy-ge'i-a
I-dri'e-U3
Hy-gi'a-na
I'A
I-du'be-da
Hy-gi'nu3
I-ac'chu's
I-du'me, and Id-u-aie'a
Hy'la, and Hy'las
I-a'der
I-dy'i-a
Hy-lac'i-des
I-a-le'mus
I-e'ta3
Hy-lac'tor
I-al'me-nus
Ig'e-ni
Hy'lae
I-al'y-sus
Ig-na'ti-u3 10
Hv-lse'us
I-am'be
iJ-a-i'ri
Hy'las
I-am'bli-cus
Il'ba
Hy'lax
I-am'e-nus
Il-e-ca'o-nes, and
Hyl'i-as
I-am'i-dsB
Il-e-ca-o-nen'ses
Hyl-la'i-cus
I-a-ni'ra
I-ler'da
Hyl'lus
I-an'the
I!'i-a, or Rhe'a
Hy-lon'o-me
I-an'the-a
T-li'a-ci Lu'di 3
Hy-loph'a-gi 3
I-ap-e-ron'i-des
I-li'a-cus
Hym-e-nee'us, and
I-ap'e-tusJ
I-ii'a-des
Hy'men
I-a'pis
H'i-as
Hy-met'tus
I-a-pyg'i-a
Il'i-on
Hy-piE'pa
I-a'pyx
I-li'o-ne
Hy-pae'si-a 11
I-ar'bas
Il-i-o'ne-us, or
* Hippocrene. — Nothing can be better established than the
pronunciation of this word in four syllables according to its
original ; and yet such is the license of English poets, that they
■oot unfrequently contract it to three. Thus Coos.e, Hesiod.
Theog. V. 9.
" And now to Hippocrene resort the fair ;
Or, Olmius, to thy sacred spring repair."
And a late translator of the Satires of Persius :
" Never did I so much as sip.
Or wet with Hippocrene a lip."
This contraction is inexcusable, as it tends to embarrass pro-
lUnciation, and lower the language of poetry.
i Hybreas. — Leinpriere accents this word on the penultimate
syllable ; but Labbe, Gouldman, and Holyoke, more properly,
on the antepenultimate.
J lapetus.—" Son of Idpetus, o'er-subtle, go,
And glory in thy artful theft below."
Cooke's Hesiod.
$ Idea. — This word, as a proper name, T find in no lexicog-
rapher but Lempriere. The English appellative, signifying an
image in the mind, has uniformly the accent on the second
syllable, as in the Greek iSia, in opposition to the Latin, which
we generally follow in other cases, and which, in this word,
has the penultimate short, in Aipsworth, Labbe, and our best
prosodists ; and, according to this analogy, irfea ought to have
he accent on the first syllable, and that syllable short, as the
first of idiot. But when this word is a proper name, as the
daughter of Dardanus, I should suppose it ought to fall into
the general analogy of pronouncing Greek names, not by ac
cent, but by quantity ; and, therefore, that it ought to have the
accent on the first syllable ; and, according to our own analo
gy, that syllable ought to be short, unless the penultimate in
the Greek is a diphthong, and then, according to general usage,
it ought to have the accent.
|] Jdomeneus. — The termination of nouns in eus was, among
the ancients, sometimes pronounced in two syllables, and some-
times, as a diphthong, in one. Thus Labbe tells us, that
Achillevs, Agylevs, Phalareus, Apsirtevs, are pronounceti
commonly in four syllables, and JVereiis, Orphevs, Porter) s,
Tereiis, in three, with the penultimate syllable short in all ;
but that these words, when in verse, have generally the diph-
thong preserved in one syllable :
" Eumenidum veluti demens videt agmina Pentheus." Virg.
He observes, however, that the Latin poets very frequently
dissolved tlie diphthong into two syllables :
" Naiadum coetu, tantum non Orpheus Hebrum
Pcenaque respectus, et nunc manet Orpheus in te."
The best rule, therefore, that can be given to an Enghsfi
reader is, to pronounce words of this termination always with
the vowels separated, except an English poet, in imitation of
the Greeks,.should preserve the diphthong ; but, m the present
word, I should prefer I~dom'e-neus to / dom-e-nc'us, whether
in verse or prose.
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
S66
IN
I-li'o-neus*
F-iis'sus
Hith-y-i'a
Jl'i-um, or Il'i-on
Il-]ib'e-ris
Il-lib'u-la
11-li-tur'gis
Il-lyr'i-cum
Il'ly-ris/and Il-lyr'i-a
H'lyr'i-cus Si'nus
U'lyr'i-us
Il'u-a 7
t-lyr'gis
I'lus
I-man-u-cn'ti-us 10
Im'a-jis|
Im'l)a-rus
Dai-brac'i-des
Ini-bras'i-des
Im'bra-sus
Im'bre-us
Im'bri-us
Im-briv'i-um
Im'bros
In'a-chi 3 12
I na'chi-a
1-nach'i-dae
I-nach'i-des
I-na'chi-um
In'a-chus 12
I-uam'a-mes
I-nar'i-me 8
In'a-rus
In-ci-ta'tus
In-da-thyr 'sus
In'di-a
In-dig'e-tes
fn-dig'e-ti 3
In'dus
I'no 1
[-no 'a 7
£-no'pus
E-no'us
I-no'res
In'su-bres
In-ta-pher'ncs
lu-te-ram'na
In-ter-ca'ti-a 11
IS
In'u-us
I-ny'cus
I'o 1
I-ob'a-tes
I'o-bes
I-o-la'i-a
I'o-las, or T-o-Ia'us
I-ol'chos
I'o-le 1 8
I'on
I-o'ne 8
I-o'ues
I-o'iii-a
I-o'pas
I'o-pe
I'o-phon
I'os
Ip'e-pae
fph-i-a-nas'sa
Iph'i-clus, or Iph'i-clcs
I-phic'ra-tes
I-phid'a-mus
Iph-i-de-mi'a
Iph-i-ge-ni'aj
Iph-i-ine-di'a$
I-phira'e-don '
Iph-i-me-du'sa
I-phin'o-e 8
I-phin'c-us
I'phis
I-phil'i-on 1]
Iph'i-tus
Iph'thi-me
Ip-se'a 29
I'ra 1 7
I-re ne
Ir-e-nas'us
I-re'sus
I'ris
I'rus
Is'a-das
I-sae'a 7
I-sa;'us
Is'a-mus
I-san'der
I-sa'pis
I'sar, and Is'a-ra
I'sar, and I-sse'us
IT
1-sar'chus 12
I-sau'ri-a
I-sau'ri-cus
I-sau'rus
Is che'ni-a 12
Is-cho-la'us
Is-chop'o-lis
Is-com'a chus
Is'i-a 10
Is-de-ger'des
Is-i-do'rus
Ts'i-dore (Eng.J
I'sis
Is'ma-rus, and Is'ma-ra
Is-me'ne 8
Is-me'ni-as
Is-men'i-des
Is-me'nus
I-soc'ra-tes
Is'sa 7
Is'se 8
la'SUS
Is'ter, and Is'trus
Ist'hmi-a
Ist'hmi-us
Ist'hmus
Is-ti-se'o-tis
Is'tri-a
Is-trop'o-lis
I'sus
I-ta'li-a 7
It'a-hj (Eng.)
I-tal'i-ca
I-tal'i-cus
It'a-lus
I-tar'gris
It'e-a 20
1-tem'a-les
Ith'a-ca
I-thob'a-lus
T-tbo'rae
Ith-o-ma'i-a
I-tho'mus
Ith-y-pha)'lus
I-to'ni-a 7
I-to'nus
It-u-rac'a
I-tu'rum
JU
LA
It'y-lus
Ju-no'nis
It-y-rse'i 3
Ju'pi-ter
I'tys
Jus-ti'nus
I-u'lus
Ju-tur'na
Ix-ib'a-tse
Ja-ve-na'lis
Ix-i'on
Ju've-nal (Eng.)
Ix-i-on'i-des
Ju-ven'tas
Ju-ver-na, or Hi-ber'ni-a
J.
I..
JA-NIC'U-LUM
Ja'nus
LA-AN'DER
Jar'chas
La-ar'chus
Ja'son
Lab'a-ris
Jen'L -sus
Lab'da
Je'ra
Lab'da-cus
Je-ro'mu3j and
Lab'da-lon
Je-rcn'y-mus
La'be-o
Je-ru'sa-lem
La-be 'ri-us
Jo-ba'tes
La-bi'ci 4
Jo-cas'ta
La-bi'cum
Jop'pa
La-bi-e'nus
Jor-da'nes
Lab-i-ne'tus
Jor-nan'des
La-bo 'bi-us
Jo-se'phus Fla'vi-us
La-bob 'ri-gi 3
Jo vi-a'uus
La-bo 'tas
Jo'vi-an (Eng.)
La-bra'de-us
Ju'ba
Lab-y-ria'thus
Ju-das'a
La-c8R'na
Ju-gan'tes
Lac-e-dse'mon
Ju-ga'ri-us
Lac-c-dc5-mo'ni-i
Ju-gur'tha
Lac-8-daem'o-nGs
Ju'li-a 7
Lac-e-dc-mo'ni-ans
Ju-li'a-des
(Eng.)
Ju-li-a'nus
La-cer'ta
Ju'li-an (Eng.)
Lacb'a-res
Ju'li-i 4
La'ches 1 12
Ju-li-o-ma'gus
Ju-li-op'o-lis
Lacii'e-sis||
Lac'i-das
Ju'lis
La-ci'des
Ju'li-us CsB'sar
La-cin'i-a
Ju'ni-a 7
La-cin-i-en'ses
Ju'no
La-cin'i-vun
Ju-no-na'li-a
Lac'mon
Ju-no'nes
La'co 1
Ju-no'ni-a
La-cob'ri-ga
* See Idomeneus.
j Imaus. — All our prosodists make the penultimate syllable
of this word short, and, consequently, accent it on the antepe-
nultimate ; but Milton, by a license he was allowed to take,
accents it on the penultimate syllable :
" As when a vulture on Imaus bred.
Whose snowy ridge the roving Tartar bounds."
\ Iphigenia. — The antepenultimate syllable of this word had
been in quiet possession of the accent for more than a century,
till some Greeklings of late have attempted to place the stress
on the penultimate, in compliment to the original lipiyivsLa.
If we ask our innovators ou what principles they pronounce
this word with the accent on the i, they answer, because the i
stands for the diphthong ei, which, being long, must necessa-
rily have the accent on it : but it may be replied, this was in-
deed the case in the Latin language, but not in the Greek,
where we find a thousand long penultimates without the ac-
cent. It is true, one of the vowels which composed a diph-
thong in Greek, when this diphthong was in the penultimate
syllable, generally had an accent on it, but not invariably ; for
a long penultimate syllable did not always attract tlie accent
in Greek as it did in Latin. An instance of this, among thou-
sands, is that famous line of dactyles in Homer's Odyssey, ex-
pressing the tumbling dov/n of the stone of Sisyphus :
" AiTts errtLTa -iSovSs. Kv\iv6eTo Xdas dvaiSi'/s.^'
Odyss. b. 11.
Another striking instance of the sapie accentuation appears
in the two first verses of the Iliad :
" Mfjviv asihe Qsa TJriXTiidSeu), 'A^iXfjos
OvXoiiivrjv, r) ^vpi^ 'A;^ajots u\y£ Wtikij."
1 know it may be said that the written accents we see on
Greek words are of no kind of authority, and that we ought
always to give accent to penultimate long quantity, as tho
Latins did. Not here to enter into a dispute about the au-
thority of the written accents, the nature of the acute, and its
connexion with quantity, which has divided the learned of
Europe for so many years — till we have a clearer idea of the
nature of the human voice, and the properties of speaking
Bounds, which alone can clear the difficulty — for the sake of
uniform.ity, perhaps it were better to adopt the prevailing mode
of pronouncing Greek proper names like the Latin, by makin?
the quantity of the penultimate syllable the regulator of the
accent, though contrary to the genius of Greek accentuat'on,
which made the ultimate syllable its regulator ; and, if this
syllabli was long, the accent could nevci- rise higher than
the penultimate. Perhaps in language, as in laws, it is not
of so much importance that the rules of cither should be
exactly right, as that they should be certainly and easily
known ; — so the object of attention in the present case is not
so much what ought to be done, as what actually is done ; —
and, as pedantry will always be more pardonable than illit-
eracy, if we are in doubt about the prevalence of custom, it
will always be safer to lean to the side of Greek or Latin
than of our own language.
§ Tphimedla. — This and the foregoing word have the accent
on" tlie same syllable, but for what reason cannot be easily
conceived. That Iphigenia, having the diphthong ei in its
penultimate syllable, should have the accent on that syllable,
though not the soundest, is at least a plausible reason ; but
wh.y should our prosodists give the same accent to the i in
Ipldmedial which, coming from icpi and fj.eSiui, has no such
pretensions. If they say it has the accent in the Greek word,
it may be answered, this is not esteemed a sufficient reason for
placing the accent in Iphigenia ,• besides, it is giving up the
sheet-anchor of modern prosodists, the quantity, as the regu-
lator of accent. We know it was an axiom in Greek prosody,
that, when the last syllable was long by nature, the accent
could not rise beyond the penultimate ; but we know, too, that
this axiom is abandoned in Demosthenes, Aristoteles, and a
thousand other words. The only reason, therefore, that re-
mains for the penultimate accentuation of this word, is, tnat
this syllable is long in some of the best poets. Be it so. Let
those who have more learning and leisure than I have find it
out. In the interim, as this may perhaps be a Icmg one, I must
recur to my advice under the last word ; though Ainsworth has,
in my opinion, very properly left the penultimate syllable of both
these words short, yet those who affect to be thought learned
will always find the"ir account in departing, as far as possible,
from the analogy of their own language in favor of Greek and
Latin.
II
Clotho and Lachesis, whose boundless sway,
With Atropos both men ai;d gods obey,"
Cooke's Hesiod. Tkeog.
335
966
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
LA
LaTCo'ni-a, and
La-con 'i-ca
Lacra-tes
Lac'ri-nes
Lac tan'ti-us 10
Lac'ter
Lac'y-des
Lac'j'-dus 24
La'das
La'de 8
La'des
La'don
LsB'laps
Laa li-a
Lee-ii-a'nus
Lae'li-us, C
LsB'na, and jje-se'na
Laj'ne-us
Lae'pa Mag'na
La-er'tes
La-er'ti-us Di-og'e-nes
Lae-stryg'o-nes
Lae'ta
Lee-to'ri-a
Lse'tus
LBB'vi 3
LsB-vi nus
La-ga'ri-a
La'gi-a 20
Lag'i-des
La-cin'i-a
La'gu3
La-gu'sa
La-gy'ra 6
La-i'a-des 3
La'i-as
La'is
La'i-us
Lal'a-ge
La-las'sis
Lam'a-chus
La-mal'mon
Lam-bra'ni 3
Lam'brus
La'mi-a
La-mi'a-cum bel'lum
La'mi-ae
La'mi-as ^'li-us
La-mi 'rus
Lam'pe-do
Lam-pe'ti-a 10
Lam'pe-to, and
Lam'pe-do
Lam'pe-us, and
Lam'pi-a
Lam'pon, Lam'pos, or
Lam'pus
Lam-po-ne'a
Lam-po'ni-a, and
Lam-po'ni-um
Lam-po'ni-us
Lam-prid'i-us ^E'li-us
Lam'pro-cles
Lam'prus
Lamp'sa-cus, and
Lamp'sa-chum
Lamp-te'ri-a
Lam'pus
La'mus
Lam'y-rus
La-nas'sa
Lan'ce-a 10
Lan'ci-a 10
Lan'di-a
Lan'gi-a
Lan-go-bar'di 3
La-nu'vi-um
La-o-bo'tas or Lab'o-tas
La-oc'o-on
La-od'a-mas
LA
La-o-da'mi-a 30
I a-od'i-ce 8
La-od-i-ce'a
La-od-i-ce'ne
La-od'o-chus
La-og'o-rus
La-og'o-ras
La-og'o-re 8
La-o-me-di'a* 30
La-om'e-don
La-om-e-don'te-us
La-om-e don-ti'a dee
La-on'o-me 8
Ija-on-o-me'ne
La-oth'o-e 8
La'o-us
Lap'a thus
Laph'ri-a
La-phys'ti-um
La-pid'e-i
La-pid'e-us
Lap'i-thsB
Lap-i-thee'um
Lap'i-tho
Lap'i-lhus
La'ra, or La-ran'da
La-ren'ti-a, and
Lau-ren'ti-a 10
La'res
Lar'ga
Lar'gus
La-ri'des
La-ri'na
La-ri'num
La-ris'sa
La-ris'sus
La'ri-us
Lar'nos
La-ro'ni-a
Lar'ti-us Flo'rus
Lar-to-Iaet'a-ni
Lar'vae
La-ryjn'na
La-rys'i-um 11
Las'si-a 10
Las'sus, or La'sus
Las'the-nes
Las-the'ni-a, or
Las-the-ni'af
liat'a-gus
Lat-e-ra'nus Plau'tus
La-te'ri-um
La-ti-a'lis '
La-she-a'lis
La-ti-a'ris
La-she-a'ris
La-ti'ni 3 4
La-tin'i-us
La-ti'nus
La'ti-um
La'she-um
La'ti-us 10
Lat'mus
La-to'i-a
La-to'is
La-to'us
La-to'na
La-top'o-lis
La'tre-us
Lau-do'ni-a
Lau-fel'la
Lau'ra
Lau're-a
Ijau-ren-ta'li-a
Lau-ren'tes a'gri
Lau-ren'ti-a 10
Lau-ren-ti'ni 4
Lau-ren'tum
Lau-ren'ti-us 10
Lau'ri-on
LE
Lau'ron
La'us Pom pe'i-a
Lau'sus
Lau'ti-um 10
La-ver'na
Lav-i-a'na 7
La-vin'i-a
La-vin'i-um, or
La-vi'num
Le'a-des
Le-Ee'i 3
Le-se'na
Le-an'der
Le-an'dre
Le-an'dri-as
Le ar'chus 12
Leb-a-de'a
Leb'e-dus, or Leb'e-dos
Le-be'na.
Le-bin'thos, and
Le-byn/thos
Le-chcB'um
Lec'y-thus 24
Le'da
Le-dae'a
Le'dus
Le'gi-o
Le'i-tus 4
Le'laps
Lel'e-ges
Le'lex
Le-man'nus
Lem'nos
Le-mo'vi-i 3
Lem'u-res
Le-mu'ri-a, and
Le-mu-ra'li-a
Le-nae'us
Len'tu-lus
Le'o
Le-o-ca'di-a
Le-o-co'ri-on
Le-oc'ra-tes
Le-od'a-mas
Le-od'o-cus
Le-og'o-ras
Le'on
Le-o'na
Le-on'a-tusJ
Le-on'i-das
Le-on'ti-um, and
Le-on-ti'ni 4
Le-on-to-ceph'a-lus
Le-on'ton, or
Le-on-top'o-lis
Le-on-tych'i-des
Le'os
Le-os'the-nes
Le-o-tych'i-des
Lep'i-da
Lep'i-dus
Le-phyr'i-ura
Le-pi'nus
Le-pon'ti-i 4
Le'pre-os
Le'pri-um
Lep'ti-nes
Lep'tis
Le'ri-a
Le-ri'na
Ler'na
Le'ro
Le'ros
Les'bus, or Les'bos
Les'ches 12
Les-tryg'o-nes
Le-ta'num
Le-thae'us
Le'the
Le'tus ^
LI
Leu'ca
Leu'cas
Leu-ca'tes
Leu-ca'si-oa 11
Leu-cas'pis
Leu'ce
Leu'ci 3
Leu-cip'pe
Lou-cip'pi-des
Leu-cip'pus
Leu'co-la
Leu'con
Leu-co'ne 8
Leu-co'nea
Leu-con'o-e
Leu-cop'e-tra
Leu'co-phryg
Leu-dop'o-iis
Leu'cos
Leu-co'si-a 11
Leu-co-syr'i-i 4
Leu-coth'o-e. or
Leu-co'the-a
Leuc'tra
Leuc'trum
Leu'cus
Leu-cy-a'ni-as
Leu-tych'i-des
Le-va'na 7
Le-vi'nus
Lex-o'vi-i 4
Li-ba'ni-us
Lib'a-nus
Lib-en-ti'na
Li'ber
Lib'e-ra 20
Ivib-er-a'li-a
Li-ber'tas
Li-be'thra
Li-beth'ri-des
Lib'i-ci, Li-be'ci-i
Lib-i-ti'na
Li'bo 1
Li'bon
Lib-o-phoe-ni'ces
Li'bri 4
Li-bur'na
Li-bur'ni-a
Li-bur'ni-des
Li-bur 'num ma're
Li-bur'nus
Libs
Lib'y-a
Lib'y-cum ma're
Lib'y-cus, and
Li-bys'tis
Li'bya
Li-bys'sa
Lic'a-tes
Li'cha
Li'chas 1
Li'ches
Li-cin'i-a
Li-cin'i-us
Li-ci'nus
Li-cym'ni-us
Li'de 18
Li-ga'ri-us
Li-ge'a
Li'ger
Li'ger, or Lig'e-ris
Lig'o-ras
Lig'u-res
Li-gu'ri-a
Lig-u-ri'nus
Li'gus 18
Lig'y-es
Li-gyr'gum
Li-]ae'a
Lil-y-boe'um
LU
Li-ma5'a
Li-me'ni-a
Lim'nae
Lim-nse'um
Lim-na-tid'i-a
Lim-ni'a-ce
Lim-ni-o'ta)
Lim-no'ni-a
Li'mon
Lin-ca'si-i 4
Lin'dus
Lin'go-nes
Lin-ter'na pa'lua
Lin-ier'num
Li 'nus
Li'o-des
Lip'a-ra
Lip'a-ris
Liph'lum
Lip-o-do'rus
Li-quen'ti-a
Lir-cae'us
Li-ri'o-pe
Li'ris
Li-sin 'i-as
Lis 'son
Lis'sus
Lis'ta
Lit'a-brura
Lit'a-na
Li-tav'i-cus
Li-ter'num
Lith-o-bo']i-a
Li thrus
Li-tu'bi-um
Lit-y-er'sas
Liv'i-a Dru-sil'la
Liv-i-ne'i-us
Li-vii']a
Li'vi-us
Liv'y (Eng.)
Lo'bon
Lo'ce-us 10
Lo'cha
Lo'chi-as
Lo'cri
Lo'cris
Lo-cus'ta
Lo-cu'ti-us 10
Lo]']i-a Pau-li'na
Lol-li-a'nus
LoI'li-us
Lon-di'num
Lon'don (Eng.)
Lon-ga-re'nus
Lon-gim'a-nus
Lon-gi'nus
Lon-go-bar'di
Lon'gu-Ia
Lon-gun'ti-ca
Lor'di 3
Lor'y-ma
Lo'tis, or Lo'tos
Lo-toph'a-gi 3
Lo'us, and A'o-us
Lu'a 7
Lu'ca
Lu'ca-gus 20
Lu-ca'ni 3
Lu-ca'ni-a
Lu-ca'ni-us
Lu-ca'nus
Lu'can (Eng.)
Lu-ca'ri-a, or Lu-ce ri-a
Luc-ce'i-us
Lu'ce-res
Lu-ce'ri-a
Lu-ce'ti-us 10
Lu'ci-a$
Lu-ci-a'nus
* Laomedia. —
" Evagoie, Laomedia join.
And thou, Polynome, the num'rous line.
Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 393.
See Iphigenia
t Lasthenia. — All the prosodists I have consulted, except
Ainsworth, accent this word on the penultimate syllable 5 and,
though English analogy v/uitld prefer the accent on the ante-
penultimate, we must neccHsarily yield to such a decided su-
periority of votes for the penultimate in a word so little Angli-
cised by use. — See Iphigenia.
J Leonatus. — In the accentuation of this word I have fol-
■ owed Labbe and Lempiiere : the former of whom says —
Cluanquam de hac voce amplius cogitandum cum eruditis viris
existimem. Till, then, these learned men have considered this
word, I tliink we may be allowed to consider it as formed
from the Latin leo and natus, lion-born, and, as the a in natus
is long, no shadow of reason can be given why it should not
have the accent. This is the accentuation constantly given
to it in the play of Cymbeline, and is, in my opinion, the best.
§ Lucia. — Labbe cries out loudly against those who accent
this word on the penultimate, which, as a Latin word, ought
to have the accent on the antepenultimate syllable. If once,
says he, we break through rules, why should we not pronounce
Ammia, Jinastasia, Cecilia, Leocadia, JVatalia, &c., with
the accent on the penultimate likewise ? — This ought to be a
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
967
LY
Zu'ci-an (Eng.)
i<a'ci-fer
Lu-cil'i-iH
liU-cil'la
La-ci'na
Lu'ci-U3 10
Lu-cre'ti a 10
Lu-cret'i-Iig
Lu-cre'ti-us 10
Lu-cri'num
Lu-cri'nus
Luc-ta'ti-us .0
Iju-cul'le-a
Lu-cul'lus
Lu'cu-mo 20
Lu'cus
Lug-du'num
Luna 7
Lu'pa
Lu-per'cal*
Lu-per-ca'li-a
Lu-per'ci 3
Lu-per cus
Lu'pi-as, or Lu'pi-a
Lu'pus
Lu-si-ta'ni-a
Lu-so'nes
Lus'tri-cus
Lu-ta'ti-us
Lu-te'ri-us
Lu-te'ti-a 10
Lu-to'ri-us
Ly-a3' us
Ly'bas
Lyb'y-a, or Ly-bis'sa
Lyc'a-bas
Lyc-a-be'tus
Ly-caB'a
Ly-cas'um
Ly-cae'us
Ly-cam'bes
Ly-ca'on
Lyc-a-o'ni-a
Ly'cas
Ly-cas'te
Ly-cas'tum
Ly-cas'tus
Ly'ce 8
Ly'ces
Ly-ce'um
Lych-ni'des
Lyc'i-a 1-0
Lyc'i-das
Ly-cim'na
Ly-cim'ni-a
Ly-cis'cus
Lyc'i-us 10
Lyc-o-me'des 20
Ly'con
Ly-co'ne 8
Lyc'o-phron
Ly-cop'o-lis
Ly-co'pus
Ly-co'ri-as
Ly-co'ris
Ly-cor'mas
Ly-cor'tas
Lyc-o-su'ra
Lyc'tus
Ijy-cur'gi-des
Ly-cur'gus
Ly'cus
Ly'de 8
Lyd'i-a
Lyd'i-as
Lyd'i-U3
Ijy'dus
Lyg'da-mis, or
Lyg'da-mus
Lyg'i-i 4
M^
Ly'gus
juy-mi'ro
Ly'max
Lyn-ci'des
Lyn-ces'tae
Lyn ces'tes
Lyn ces'ti-us
Lyn-<;e'as
Lyn'cus, Lyn-cai'us,
Lynx
Lyn-ci'das
Lyr'cse
Lyr-cae'us
Lyr-ce'a
Lyr'cus
Lyr-nes'sus
Ly-san'der
Ly-san'dra
Ly-sa'ni-as
L>'se 8
Ly-si'a-des
Lys-i-a-nas'sa
Ly-si'a-nax ^
Lys'i-as 11
Lys i-cles
Ly-sid'i-ce
Ly-sim'a-che
Lys-i-ina'chi-a
Ly-sim'a-chus
Ly s-i-mach ' i-des
Lys-i-me'li-a
Ly-sln'o-e 8
Ly-sip'pe
Ly-sip'pu3
Ly'sis
Ly-sis'tra-tus
Ly-sith'o-us
Ly 'so
Ly-tee'a
Ly-za'ni-as
M.
MA'C^
'car
Ma-ca're-u3
Ma-ca'ri-a
Mac'a-ris
Ma-ced'nus
Mac'e-do
Mac-e-do'ni-a
Mac-e-don'i-cus 30
Ma-cel'la
Ma'cer ^-myl'i-us
Ma-chse'ra
Ma-chan'i-das
Ma-cha'on
Ma 'era
Mac-ri-a'nus
Ma-cri'nus, M.
Ma'cro
Ma-cro'bi-i 4
Ma-cro'bi-us
Mac'ro-chir
Ma-cro'nes
Mac-to'ri-urn
Mac-u-]o'nu3
Ma-des'tes
Ma-de'tos
Mad'y-«s
Mae-an'der
Mffi-aii'dri-a
MsB-ce'nas
Mae'di 3
Mse'ii-us
Maf3m-ac-te'ri-a
Masn'a-des
Maen'a-la
MA
Maen'a-lus
MaB'ni-us
MsB'non
Mae-o'ni-a
Mce-on'i-dae
Mae-on' i-des
Mae'o-nis
MtE-o'ta3
Mffi-o'tis Pa'Ius
Mse'si-a Syl'va 11
Moe'vi-a
Mse'vi-us
Ma'gas
Ma-gel'la
Mag'e-to!
Ma'gi
Ma'gi-u3
Mag'na Grae'ci-a
Mag-nen'ti-us 10
Mag'nes
Mag-ue'si-a 11
Ma 'go
Ma'gon
Mag-on-ti 'a-cum
Ma'gus
Ma-her'bal
Ma'i-a
Ma-jes'tas
Ma-jo-ri-a'nus
Ma-jor'ca
Ma'la For-tu'na
Mal'a-cha
Ma-le'a
Mal'ho, or Ma'tho
Ma'Ii-a
Ma']i-i 4
Ma'Jis
Mal'le-a, or Mal'li-a
Mal'li-us
Mal'los
Mal-thi'nus
Mal-va'na
Ma-ma'us
Ma-mer'cus
Ma-mer'thes
Mam-er-ti'na
Mam-er-ti'ni 4 3
Ma-mil'i-a
Ma-mil'i-i 4
Ma-mil'i-us
Mam-mEe'a
-ma'ri-u3
Ma-mur'ra
Ma-nas'ta-bal
Man-ci'nus
Man-da'ne 8
Man-da'nes
Man-de'Ia
Man-do'ni-us
Man'dro-cles
Man-droc'li-das
Man'dron
Man-du'bi-i 4
Man-du-bra'ti-us
Ma'nes
Ma-ne'tho
Ma'ni-a
Ma-nil' i-a
Ma-iiil'i-ug
Man'i-mi 4
Man'li-a
Man'li-us Tor-qua'tus
Man 'n us
Man-sue 'tus
Man-ti-ne'a
Man-ti-ne'us
Man'ti-us 10
Man'to
Man'tu-a
Mar-a-can'da
MA
Mar'a tha
Mar'a-thon
Mar'a-thos
Mar-cel'la
Mar-cel-li'nus Am-rni
a'nua
Mar-eel 'lus
Mar'ci-a 10
Mar-ci-a'na
Mar-she-a'na
Mar-ci-a-nop 'o-Iis
Mar-ci-a'nus 10
Mar'ci-us Sa-bi'nus
Mar-eo-man'ni
Mar'cus
Mar'di 3
Mar'di-a
Mar-do'ni-u3
Mar'dus
Mar-e-o'tis
Mar-gin' i-a, and
Mar-gi-a'ni-a
Mar-gi'tes
Ma-ri'a or Ma'ri-af
Ma-ri'a-ba
Ma-ri-anm'ne
Ma-ri-a'nae Fos'sce
Ma-ri-an-dy'num
Ma-ri-a'nus
Ma-ri'ca
Ma-ri'cl 3
Mar'i-cus
Ma-ri'na
Ma-ri'nus
Ma'ri-on
Ma'ris
Ma-ris'sa
Mar'i-sus
Ma-ri'ta
Ma'ri-u3
Mar'ma-cus
Mar-ma-ren'ses
Mar-mar'i-ca
Mar-mar'i-dae
Mar-ma'ri-on
Ma'ro 1
Mar-o-bud'u-i 3
Ma'ron
Mar-o-ne'a
Mar-pe'si-a 10
Mar-pes'sa
Mar-pe'sus
Mar'res
Mar-ru'vi-um, or
Mar-ru'bi-um
Mars
Mar'sa-la
Mar-ssB'us
Mar'se 8
Mar'si 3
Mar-sig'ni 3
Mar-sy'a-ba
Mar'tha
Mar'ti-a 10
Mar'she-a
Mar-ti-a'lis
Mar'ti-al (Eng.)
Blar-ti-a'nus
Mar-ti'na
Mar-tin-i-a'nus
Mar'ti-us 10
Ma-rul'Jus
Mas-se-syl'i-i 4
Mas-i-nis'sa
Mas'sa
Mas'sa-ga
Mas-sag'e-t3B
Mas-sa'na 7
Mas sa'ni 3
Mas'si-cus
ME
Mas-sil'i-a 7
Mas-sy'la
Ma-su'ri-us
Ma-tho
Ma-ti-o'ni
Ma-ti'nus
Bla-tis'co
Ma-tra'li-a
Ma-tro'na
Mat-ro-na']i-a
Mat-ti'a-ci 3
Ma-tu'ta
Mau'ri 3
Mau-ri-ta'ni-a
Mau'rus
Mau-ru'si-i 4 11
Mau-so'lus
Ma'vors
Ma-vor'ti-a 10
Max-en'ti-us 10
Max-im-i-a'nus
Max4-mil-i-a'na
Max-i-mi'nus
Max'i-min (Eng.)
Max'i-mus
Maz'a-ca
Ma-za'ces
Ma-zae'us
Ma-za'res
Maz'e-ras
Ma-zi'ces, and
Ma-zy'ges
Me-e£e'nas, or
Me^oe'nas
Me-ciia'ne-us
Me-cis'te-us
Mec'ri-da
Me-de'a
Me-des-i-cas'te 8
Me'di-a 7
Me'di-as
Med'i-cus
Me-di-Jo-ma-tri'ces
Me-di-o-ma-tri'ci
Me-di-ox'u-mi
Med-i-tri'na
Me-do'a-cus, or
Me-da'a-cus
Med-o-bith'y-ni
Me-dob'ri-ga
Me 'don
Me-don'ti-as 10
Med-u-a'na
Med-ul-li'na
Me'dus
Me-du'sa
Me-gab'i-zi
Meg-a-by'zus
Meg'a-cles
Me-gac'li-des
Me-gm'ra
Me-ga'le-as
Meg-a-le'si-a 11
Me-ga'li-a
Meg-a-lop'o-lis
Meg-a-me'de 8
Meg-a-ni'ra
Meg-a-pen'thes
Meg'a-raJ
Meg-a-re'us$
Meg'a-ris
Me-gar'sus
Me-gas'the-nes
Me 'gas
Me-gil'la
Me-gis'ta
Me'la Pom-po'n--&f
Me-gis'ti-a
Me-Iae'nae
Me-lam'pus
Avarning against, our pronouncing the West-India island St.
Lu'cia as we sometimes hear it — St. Lucva.
* Lupercal. — This word is so little interwoven with our
language, that it ought to have its true Latin accent on the
penultimate syllable. But wherever the antepenultimate ac-
cent is adopted in verse, as in Shakspeare^s Julius Caesar,
where Antony says,
" You all did see that on the Lu'percal
I thrice presented him a kingly crown" —
we ought to preserve it. — Mr. Barry, the actor, who was in-
formed by some scholar of the Latin pronunciation of this
word, adopted it in this place, and pronounced it Ltiper'eaiy
which grated every ear that heard him.
t Maria. — This word, says Labbe, derived from the Hebrew-
has the accent on the second syllable ; but when a Latin word,
the feminine of Marius, it has the accent on the first.
:|: Megara. — I have in this word followed Labbe, Ainsworth,
Gouldman, and Holyoke, by adopting the antepenultimate ac-
cent, in opposition to Lempriere, who accents the penultimate
syllable.
$ Megareus. — Labbe pronounces this word in four syllables,
when a noun substantive ; but Ainsworth marks it as a trisyl-
lable when a proper name, and, in my opinion, incorrectly. —
See InoMENE0s.
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
ME
Mel-anch-Iae'ni
Me-lan'chrus
Mel'a-ne
Me-Ia'ne-U3
Me-lan'i-da
Me-ia'iii-oa
Mel-a-nip'pe
Mel-a-nip'pi-des
Mel-a-nip'pus
Mol-a-no'pus
Mel-a-nos'y-ri
Me-lan'thi-i 4
Me-Ian'thi-U3
Me-^aa tho
M?- Ian thus
Me as
Mel-e-a'ger
Mel-e-ag'ri-des
Me-le-san'der
Me'lcs
Mel'e-se
Mel-e-sig'e-nes, or
Mel-e-sig'e-na
Me'li-a
Mel-i-boe'us
Mel-i-cer'ta
Mel-i-gu'nis
Me-li'na
Me-li'sa 7
Me-lis'sa
Me-lis'sus
Mel'i-ta
Mel'i-te
Mel-i-te'ne
Mel'i-tus (accuser of
Socrates)
Me']i-us
Mel-ix-an'drus
Me-lob'o-sis*
Me'lon
Me'los
Mel'pi-a
Mel-pom'e-ne 8
Me-mac'e-ni
Mem'mi-a
Mem'mi-us
Mem'non
Mem 'phis
Mem-phi'tis
Me'na, or Me'nes
Me-nal'cas
Me-nal'ci-das
Men-a-lip'pe
Men-a-lip'pus
Me-nan'der
Me-na'pi-i 4
Men'a-pis
Me'nas
Men-che'res 12
Men'des
Me-nec'les
Men-e-cli'des
Me-iiec'ra-tes
Men-e-de mus
Me-neg'e-tas
Mea-e-la'i-a
Men-e-la'us
Me-neni-us A-grip'pa
Men'c-phron
Me'nes
Me-nes'the-us, or
Mnes'the-us 13
Me-nes'te-us, or
Men-es-the'i Por'tus
JMe-nes'thi-us
Meu's-tas
Me-nip pa
Me-nip'pi-deg
r.le-nip'pus
-^.le'ni-us
i\Ien'nis
MI
Me-nod'o-tus
Me-noe'ce-us 10
Me-noe'tes
Me-noe'ti-us 10
Me'non
Me-noph'i-lus
Men'ta, or Min'the
Men'tes
Men-tis'sa
Men'to
Men 'tor
Me-nyl'Ius
Me'ra
Me'ra, or Moe'ra
Mer-cu'ri-us
Mer'cu-ry (Eng.)
Me-ri'o-nes
Mer'me-rus
Merm na-dae
Mer'o-e 8
Mer'o-pe 8
Me'rops
Me'ros
Mer'u-la
Me-sab'a-tes
Me-sa'bi-us
Me-«a'pi-a
Me-sau'bi-us
Me-sem'bri-a
Me-se'ne
Mes-o-m^'des
Mes-o-po-ta'mi-a
Mes-sa'la
Mes-sa-li'na 3
Mes-sa-li'nus
Mes-sa'na 7
Mes-sa'pi-a
Mes'sa-tis
Mes'se 3
Mes-se'is 5
Mes-se'ne, or Mes-s
Mes-se'ni-a
Mes'tor
Me-su'la
Met'a-bus
Met-a-git'ni-a
Met-a-ni'ra
Met-a-pon'tum
Met-a-pon'tus
Me-tau'ras
Me-tel'la
Me-tel'li 3
Me-thar'ma
Me-thi'on 29
Me-tho'di-us
Me-tho'ne 8
Me thyd'ri-ura
Me-thym'na
Me-ti-a-du'sa 21
Me-tili-a
Me-til'i-i 4
Me-til'i-us
Me-ti'o-chus
Mc'ti-on ]1
Me'tis
Me-tis'cus
Me'ti-us 10
Me-tos'ci-a 10
Me'ton
Met'o-pe 8
Me'tra
Me-tro'bi-us
Met'ro-cles
Met-ro-do'rus
]\Ie-tropli'a-nes
Me-trop'o-lis
Met'ti-us 10
Me-va ni-a
Me'vi-us
Me-zen'ti-us 10
Mi-ce'a
MO
Mi-cip'sa
Mic'y-thus 24
Mi'das
Mi-de'a of Aigos
Mid'e-a of Boeotia
Mi-la'ni-on
Mi-le'si-i 4 11
Mi-les us 10
Mi-le'ti-d 10
Mi-le'ti-um 10
Mi-le'tus
Mil'i-as
Mil'i-chus 12
Mi-li'nus
Mil-i-o'ni-a
Mi'lo
Mi-lo'ni-us
Mil-ti'a-des
Mil'to
Mil'vi-us
Mil'y-as
Mi-mal'lo-nes
Mi'mas
Mim-ner'mus
Min'ci-us 10
Min'da-rus
Mi-ne'i-des
Mi-ner'va
Min-er-va'li-a
Min'i-o
Min-nee'i 3
Mi-no'a
Mi-no 'is
Mi'nos
Min-o-tau'rus
Min'the
Min-tur'nee
Mi-nu'ti-a 10
Mi-nu'ti-us 10
MIn'y-ae 6
Min'y-as '
Min'y-cus
Mi-ny'i-a 6
Min'y-tus
Mir'a-ces
Mi-se'num
Mi-se'nus
Mi-sith'e-us
Mi'thras
Mith-ra-da'tes
Mi-thre'nes
Mith-ri-da'tes
Mith-ri-da'tis
Mith-ro-bar-za'nes
Mit-y-le'ne, and
Mit-y-le'n8B
Mi'tys
Miz-ae'i
Mna-sal'ces 13
Ma-sal' ces
Mna'si-as 11
Mnas'i-cles
Mna-sip'pi-das
Mna-sip'pus
Mna-sith'e-us
Mna'son 13
Mna-syr'i-um
Mne'mon
Mne-mos'y-ne 3
Mne-sar'chus
Mne-sid'a-mus
Mnes-i-la'us
Mne-sim'a-che
Mne-sim'a-clius
Mnes'ter
Mnes'the-us 13
Mnos'ti-a
Mnes'tra
Mne'vis
Mo-a-pher'nes
Mo'di-a
MU
M(E'ci-a 5 10
Moe'nus
MoB-rag'e-tes
Moe'ris
Moe'di
Mae'on
MoB-on'i-des
Mce'ra
Mne'si-d
Mo-gy'ni
Mo-ie'i-a
Mo-li'o-ne
Mo'lo
Mo-loe'is
Mo-lor'chus 12
Mo-los'si 3
Mo-los'si-a, or
Mo-los'sis
Mo-los'su3
Mol-pa'di-a
Mol'pus
Mo'lus
Mo-Iyc'ri-on
Mo-raem'phis
Mo'mus
Mo'ua
Mo-nae'ses
Mo-ne'sus
Mo-ne'ta
Mon'i-raa
Mon'i-mus
Mon'o-d>is
Mo-noe'cus
Mo-no 'le-u3
Mo-noph'i-lus
Mon-ta'nus
Mo-noph a-ge
Mon'y-chus 6 12
Mon'y-mus
Mo'phis
Mop'si-um 10
Mop-so'pi-a
Mop'sus
Mor-gan'ti-um 10
Mor'i-ni
Mor-i-tas'gus
Mo'rj-us
Mor'phe-us
Mors
Mo'rys
Mo'sa
Mos'chi 3 12
Mos'chi-on
Mos'chus
Mo-sel'la
Mo'ses
Mo-sych'his
Mos-y-nte'ci 3
Mo-tho'ne
Mo-ty'a
Mu-ci-a'rns
Mu'ci-us 10
Mu'craa
Mul'ci-ber
Mu-lu'chat
IMul'vi-us Pons
Mum'mi-us
Mu-na'ti-us 10
Mun-da
Mu-ni'tus
Mu-nych'i-8B 4
Mu-ras'na
Miu-'cus
Mu-re'tus
Mur-gan'ti-a 10
Mur-rhe'nus
Mur'ti-a 10
Mus
Mu'sa An-to'ni-us
Mu'siB
Mu-sae'us
NA
Mu-so-'ni-us Ru'fua
Mus-te'la
Mu-thul'Ius
Mu'ti-a 10
Mu-til'i-a
Mu'ti-naJ
Mu-ti'nes
Mu-ti'nus
Mu'ti-us 10
Mu-tu'nus, or
Mu-tus'cae
My-ag'rus, or My'o-<le>8
Myc'a-le|
Myc-a-les'sus
My-ce'nae
Myc-e-ri'nus
Myc-i-ber'na
Myc'i-thus
My'con
Myc'o-ne:j:
My'don
My-ec'pho-ris
My-e'nus
Myg'don
Myg-do'ni-a
Myg'do-nus
My-ias'sa
My'le, or My'las
My'les
My-lit'ta
Myn'dus
My'nes
Myn'i-ffi 4
My-o'ni-a
Myr-ci'nus
My-ri'cus
My-ri'nus§
My-ri'na "
Myr'i-CB
Myr-mec'i-des
Myr-mid'o-nes
B'ty-ro'nus
My-ro-ni-a'nus
My-ron'i-des
Myr'rha
Myr'si-lus
Myr'si-nus (a city)
My-stal'i-des
Myr'sus
Myr'te-a (Venus)
Myr-te'a (a city)
Myr'ti-lus
Myr-to'um Ma're
Myr-tun'li-um 10
Myr-tu'sa
Myr'tis
Myr'ta-le
Myr-to'us
My-scel'lus
Mys'tes
Mys'i-a 11
My-so-ma-ced'o-nes
My'son
Myth'e-cus
Myt-i-le'ne
My 'us
NAB-AR-ZA'NES
Nab-a-thas'a
Na'bis
Na-dag'a-ra
Nae'ni-a
Noe'vi-us
Nojv'o-lus
Na-har'va-li 3
Nai'a-des
Na'is
* Melohosis. — In this word I have given the preference to
the antepenultimate accent, with Lab'je, Gouldman and Hol-
yoke ; though the penultimate, which Lempriere has adopted,
is more agreeable to the ear.
t Mulucha. — This word is accented on the antepenultimate
syllable by Labbe, Lempriere and Ainsworth ; and on the
penultimate by Gouldman and Holyoke. Labbe, indeed, says
ut volueris ; and I shall certainly avail myself of this permis-
sion to place the accent on the penultimate ; for, when this
syllable ends with u, the English have a strong propensity to
place tlie accent on it, even in opposition to etymology, as in
the word Arbutus,
X Mycale and Mycone. — An English ear seems to have a
strong predilection for the penultimate accent on these words
but all our prosodists accent them on the antepenultimate
The same may be observed of Mutina. — See note on Oryus.
§ Myrinus. — Labbe is the only prosodist I have met with,
who accents this word on the antepenultimate syllable ; and
as this accentuation is so contrary to analogy, I have followed
Lempriere, Ainsworth, Gouldman and Holyoke, with the ac-
cent on the penultimate — See the word in the Terminational
Vocabulary
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
96y
NE
Na-pae'eB
Naph'i-lus
Nar
Nar'bo
IVar-bo-nen'sis
Nar-cee'us
Nar-cis'sus
Nar'ga-ra
Na-ris'ci 3
Nar'ni-a, or Nar'na
Nar-the'cis
Na-ryc'i-a 10
Nar'ses
Nas-a-mo'nes
Nas'ci-o, or Na'ti-o
Nas-i'ca*
Na-sid-i-e'nus
Na-sid'i-us
Na'so
Nas'sus, or Na'sus
Nas'u-a 10
Na-ta'li-a
Na-ta'lis
Nafta
Nau'co-lus
Nau'cles
Nau'cra-tes
Nau'cra-tis
Nau'lo-chus
Nau-pac'tus, or
Nau-pac'tum
Nau'pli-a
Nau'pli-us
Nau'ra
Nau-sic'a-a3
Nau'si-cles
Nau-sira'e-nes
Nau-sith'o-e
Nau-sith'o-us
Nau'tes 17
Na'va
Na'vi-us Ac'ti-us
Nax'os
Ne-se'ra
Ne-Ee'thus
Ne-al'cos
Ne-al'i-ces
Ne-an'thes
Ne-ap'o-lis
Ne-ar'chus
Ne-bro'des
Ne-broph'o-nos
Ne'chos
Nec-ta-ne'bu3, and
Nec-tan'a-bis
Ne-cys'i-a 10
Ne'is
Ne'le-us
Ne'lo
Ne-mse a
Ne'me-af
Ne-me-si-a'nus 21
Nem'e-sis
Ne-me'si-us 10
Nem-o-ra'li-a
Nem'e-tes
Ne ine'us
Ne-o-bu'leJ:
Ne-o-caes-a-re'a
. NI
Ne-och'a-bis
Ne'o-cles
Ne-og'e-nes
Ne-om'o-ris
Ne'on
Ne-on-ti'chos 12
Ne-op-tol'e-mus
Ne'o-ris$
Ne'pe
J\e-pha''li-a
Neph'e-le
Nepb-or-i'tes
Ne'phus
Ne'pl-a
Ne'pos
Ne-po-ti-a'nus 12
Nep'thys
Nep-tu'ni-a
Nep-tu'ni-um
Nep-tu'ni-us
Nep-tu'nus
JVep'tune (Eng.)
Ne-re'i-des
Me're-ids (Eng.)
Ne-re'i-us
Ne're-us||
Ne-ri'ne
Ner'i-phu3
Ner'i-tos
Ne'ri-us
Ne'ro
Ne-ro'ni-a
Ner-to-brig'i-a
Ner'u-lum
Ner'va Coc-ce'i-us
Ner'vi-i 3
Ne-sce'a
Ne-sim'a-chus 12-
Ne-si-o'pe
JVe-she-o'pe
Ne-so'pe
Ne'sis
Nes'sus
Nes'to-cies
Nes'tor
Nes-to'ri-us
Nes'tus, or Nes'sus
Ne't.um
Ne'u-ri
Ni-cae'a
Ni-cag'o ras
Ni-can'der
Ni-ca'nor
Ni-car'chus
Nic-ar-thi'des
Ni-ca'tor
Ni'ce 8
Nic-e-pho'ri-um
Nic-e-pho'ri-us
Ni-cepb'o-rus
Nic-er-a'tus
Ni-ce'tas
Nic-e-te'ri-a
Nic'i-a 10
Nic'i-as 10
]\i-cip'pe
Ni-cip'pus
Ni'co
Ni-coch'a-res
NO
Nio'o-cles
Ni-coc'ra-les
Ni-co'cre-on
Nic-o-de'mu9
Nic-o-do'rus
Ni-cod'ro-mus
Nic-o-la'us
Ni-com'a-cha
Ni-com'a-chus
Nic-o-me'des
Nic-o-me'di-a
Ni'con
Ni-co'ni-a
Nic'o-phron
Ni-cop'o-lis
Ni-cos'tra-ta
Ni-cos'tra-tus
Nic-o-te'le-a
Ni-cot'e-les
Ni'ger
Ni-gid'i-us Fig'u-liis
Ni-gri'taj
Ni'le-ns
Ni'lus
Nin'ni-us
Nin'i-as
Ni'nus
Nin'y-as
Ni'o-be
Ni-phae'us
Ni-pha'tes
Ni'phe
Nir'e-us
Ni'sa
Ni-sae'a
Ni-sae'e
Ni-se'i~a
Nis'i-bis
Ni'sus
Ni-sy'ros
Ni-te'tis
Ni-to'cris
Nit'ri-a
No 'as
Noc'mon
Noc-ti-lu'ca
No'la
Nom-en-ta'nus
Nom'a-des
ISo'mae
No-men'tum
No'mi-i 3
No 'mi-US
No-na'crisU
No'ni-us
Non'ni-us
Non'nus
No'pi-a, or Cno'pi-a
No'ra
No 'rax
Nor'ba
Nor-ba'nus, C.
Nor'i-cum
Nor-thip'pns
Nor'ti-a 10
No'thus
No'nus
No'ti-um 10 _
No'tus
oc
No-va'tus
No-\'i o-du'num
No-vi-om'a-gum
No'vi-us Pris'cus
Nox
Nu-ce'ri a
Nu-iin'o-nes
Nu'ma Pom-pil'i-U3
Nu-ma'na
Nu-man'ti-a
Nu-man-ti'na
Nu-ma'nus Rem'u-Ias
Nu'me-nes
Nu-me'ni-a, or
Ne-o-me'ni-a
Nu-me'ni-us
Nu-me-ri-a'nus
Nu-me'ri-us
Nu-mi'cus**
Nu''mi-da
Nu-mid'i-a
Nu-mid i-us
Nu' mi-tor
Nu-mi-to'ri-us
Nu-mo'ni-us
Nun-co 're-US
Nun'di-naft
Nun'di-naj
Nur'sse
Nur'sci-a
Nur'si-a 19
Nu'tri-a
Nyc-te'is
Nyc-te']i-us
Nyc'te-us
Nyc-tim'e-ne
Nye'ti-mus
Nym-bse'um
Nym'phae
JVymphs (Eng.)
Nym-phse'um
Nym-phse'us
Nym-phid'i-us
Nym'phis
Nym-pho-do'rus
Nym-pho-lep'tes
Nym'phon
Nyp'si-us
Ny'sa, or Nys'sa
Ny-sae'us
Ny'sas
Ny-se'i-us
Ny-si'a-des
Ny-sig'e-na
Ny-si'ros
Nys'sa
o.
O'A-RUS
O-ar'ses
O'a-sis
0-ax'es
0-ax'us
Ob-ul-tro'ni-us
O-ca'le-a, or O-ca'li-a
O-ce'a-naJJ
OF
0-ce-an'i-deg, and
O-ce-an it'i-des
O-ce a-nus
O-co'i-a
0-cel'lus
Oce'lum
O'cha
O-che'si-us 11
O'chus 12
Oc'nus
O-cric'u-lum
O-crid'i-on
O-cris'i-a
Oc-ta-cil'li-us
Oc-ta'vi-a
Oc itt-vi-a'nu3
Oc-ta'vi-us
Oc-tol'o-phum
O-cy'a-lus
0-cyp'e-te 8
O-cyr'o-o
Od-e-na'tus
0-des'sus
0-di'nus
0-di'tes
Od-o-a'cer
Od-o-man'ti 3
Od'o-nes
Od'ry-SEB
0-dys'se-a
Od'ys-sey (Eng.)
a3-ag'a-rus,§§ and
CE'a-ger 5
CE-an'thse, and
OS-an'thi-a
(E'ax 5
CE-ba'li-a
CEb'a-lus 5
CEb'a-res
CE-cha'li-a
QEc'le-U3
CE-cli'des
QEc-u-me'ni-us
CEd-j-po'di-a
CEd'i-pus 5
GE'me 8
Qil-nan'thes
CE'ne
CE'ne-a
QE'ne-us
CE-ni'des
CEn'o-e
CE-nom'a-us
GE'non
CE-no na 7
GE-no'ne 8
CE-no'pi-a
CE-nop'i-des
CE no'pi-on
GEn'o-tri 3
GE-no'tri-a
CEn'o-trus
CE-nu'sae
CE'o-nus
CEr'o-e 8
GE'ta 7
CEt'y-lus, or CEt'v-luiiti
O-fel'lus
O'fi 3
* [This word is erroneously marked by the author JVas'i-
ca, — See Lempriere and Forcellink — Ed.]
t [Tliis word is erroneously marked by the author JVe-
me'a. — See Forcellini, and Virgil, J3noid. viii. 295.— Ed.]
I .A''eobule. — Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman, Littleton and
Holvoke, give this word the penultimate accent, and therefore
I have preferred it to the antepenultimate accent, given it by
Lempriere ; not only frcm the number of authorities in its
favor, but from its being more agreeable to analogy.
§ JSTeoris. — The authorities are nearly equally balanced be-
tween the penultimate and antepenultimate accent ; and there-
fore I may say, as Labbe sometimes does, utvolueris .- but I am
inclined rather to the antepenultimate accent, as more agreoa-
b e to analogy, though I think the penultimate more agreeable
tJ the ear.
I J^ereus. —
" Old JVcreus to the Sea was born of Earth —
J^ereus, who claims the precedence in birth
To their descendants ; him old god they call,
Because sincere and affable to all."
Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 357.
T JVonacris -Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman and Holvoke
give this word, the antepenultimate accent; but Lempriere
Littleton, and the Graduses, place the accent, more agreeably
to analogy, on the penultimate.
** J^amkus. —
" : Our fleet Apollo sends
Where Tuscan Tiber rolls with rapid force,
And where J^Tumicus opes his holy source."
Dryden.
] ,- JSTundina. — Lempriere places the accent on the penulti
mate syllable of this word ; but Labbe, Gouldman and Hoi
yoke on the antepenultimate. Ainsworth marks it in the
same manner among the appeliatives, nor can there be any
doubt of its propriety.
XX Oceana.— So prone are the English to lay the accent on
the penultimate of words of this termination, that we scarce-
ly ever hear the famous Oceana of Harrington pronounced
otherwise.
$§ (Eagarus.— This diphthong, like cb, is pronounced . as
the 'single vowel e. If the conjecture concerning the sound
of m was right, the middle sound betAveen the o and e of tho
ancients must, in all probability, have been the sound of our
a in water. — See the word M&.
970
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
ON
Og-dol'a-pia
Og-do'rua
Og'mi-us
Og'o-a 7
O-gul'ni-a
Og'y-ges*
O-gyg'i-a
Og'y-ria
O-ic'le-ua
0-il'&-us
O-i-li'des
Ol'a-ne 8
O-la'nus
Ol'ba, or Ol'bus
a'bi-a
Ol'bi-us
Ol-chin'i-um
O-Ie'a-ros, or
Ol'i-ros 20
O-Ie'a-trum
O'len
Ol'e-nus, or
Ol'e-num 20
Ol'ga-sys
Ol-i-gyr'tis
O-lin'thus
Ol-i-tin'gi
Ol'li-us
Ol-lov'i-co
Ol'mi-us
0-lin'i-ffi
01-o-phyx'u3
O-lyrn'pe-um
O-lym'pi-a
0-Iym'pi-as
0-lym-pi-o-do'ru8
O lym-pi-os'the-nes
0-lym'pi-us
0-lym'pu3
0]-ym-pu'sa
O-lyn 'thus
O-ly'ras
O-lyzon
0-ma'ri-us
Om'bi 3
Om'bri 3
Om'o-le
Om-o-pha'gi-a
Om'pha-let
Om'pha-los
O-nae'uir, or 0-aB'ne-utn
O-na'rus
O-nas'i-mus
O-na'tas
On-ches'tus
O-ne'i-on
O-nes'i-mus
Oii-e-sip'pug
O-ne'si-us 10
Oa-e-tor'i-des
On-e-sic'ri-tus
O'ni-um
On'o-ba 10
O-noch'o-nus
On-o-mac'ri.-tus
On-o-mar'chus
On-o-mas-tor'i-des
On-o-mas'tus
On'o-phas
On'o-phis
On-o-san'der
OR
On'y-thes
Opa'li-a
O-phe'as
O-phel'tes
O-phen'sis
O'phi-a
O-phi'on 29
0-phi-o'ne-u9
O-phi-u'cus
O-phi-u'sa
Op'i-ci
0-pig'e-na
O'pia
O-pil'i-us
Op'i-ter
0-pim'i-us
Op-i-ter-gi'ni
O-pi'tea
Op'pi-a
Op-pi-a'nus
Op-pi'di-us
Op'pi-us
0'pu3
Op-ta'tus '
Op'ti-mus
O'ra 7
0-rac'u-lum
0-rEB'a
Or'a-sus
Or-be'lus
Or-bild-us
Or-bo'na
Or'ca-des
Or-cha'lis
Or'cha-mus
Or-chom'e-nus, or
Or-chom'e-nuin
Or'cus
Or-cyn'i-a
Or-des'su3
O-re'a-des
O're-ads (Eng.)
O're-as
O-res'tsB
0-res'tes
0-res'te-um
Or-es-ti'dae
Or'e-tcB *
Or-e-ta'ni 3
Or-8-til'i-a
O-re'nra
Or'ga, or Or'gas
Or-ges'sum
Or-get'o-rix
Or'gi-a
0-rib'a-sus
Or'i-cum, or Or'i-f*-n
O'ri-ens
Or'i-gen
0-ri'go
0-ri'nu3
0-ri-ob'a-tes
O-ri'on 29
0-ris'sus
Or-i-sul'la Liv'i-a
0-ri't33 5
O-rith-y-i'a
0-rit'i-as 10
0-ri-ua'du3
Or'me-nus 20
Or'ne-a
OX
Or'ne-U3
Or-ni'thon
Or'ni-tU3
Or-nos'pa-des
Or-nyt'i-on 11
O-ro'bi-a
0-ro'des
O-roe'tes
O-rom'e-don
0-ron'tas
O-ron'tes
Or-o-pher'nes
0-ro'pus
O-ro'si-us 11
Or'phe-usJ
Or-sed'i-ce
Or-se'is
Or-sil'lu3
Or-sil'o-chus
Or'si-nes 4
Or-sip'pus
Or'ta-lus, M.
Or-thag'o-ras
Or'the 8
Or-thae'a
Or'thi-a 4 7
Or'thru3
Or-tyg'i-a
Or-tyg'i-us
O'rus
O-ry-an'der
0-ry'iis§
O'ryx
Os-cho-pho'ri-a
03 'ci 3
Os'ci-us 10
Os'cus
0-sin'i-us
0-3i'ris
0-sis'mi-i
Os'pha-gus
Os-rho-e'ne
Os'sa
Os-te-o'de3
Os'ti-a
Os-to'ri-us
Os-trog'o-thi
Os-y-man'dy-as
Ot-a-cil'i-us~
0-ta'nes
Oth'ma-rus
O'tho, M. Sal'vi-us
Oth-ry-o'ne-us
O'thrys
O'tre-us
O-tri'a-des
O-troe'da
O'tus
O'tys
0-vid'i-us
Ov'id (Eng.)
0-vin'i-a
0-viii'i-u3
Ox-ar'tes
Ox-id 'a-tes
Ox'i-mes
Ox-i'o-nae
Ox'us
Ox-y'a-res
Ox-y-ca'nus
Ox-yd'ra-cse
PA
Ox'y-lus
Ox-yn'thes
Ox-yp'o-rus
Ox-y-rin-chi't3e
Ox-y-ryn'chus
O-zi'nes
Oz'o-lae, or Oz'o-li
PA-CA-TI-A'NUS 21
Pac'ci-u3 10
Pa'che3 12
Pa-clii'nus
Pa-co'ni-us
Pac'o-rus
Pac-to'lus
Pac'ty-as
Pac'ty-es
Pa-cu'vi-us
Pa-dae'i 3
Pad'u-a
Pa'dus
Pa-du'sa
Pay an
Pae'di-us
Pae-ma'ni 3
Pas 'on
Pae'o-nes
Pae-o'ni-a
Pae-on'i-des
Pse'os
Pee' SOS
PiEs'tum
Pae-to'vi-um
Pse'tus Cae-cin'na
Pag'a-sae, or Pag'a-sa
Pag'a-sus
Pa'gus
Pa-]a'ci-uni, or
Pa-Ia'ti-um 10
Pa-lae'a
Pal-ae-ap'o-lis
Pa-lsB'mon, or
Pal'e-mon
Pa-leep'a-phos
Pa-lceph'a-tus
Pa-loep'o-lis
Pa-lass'te
Pal-ae-sti'na
Pa-lae-sti'nus
Pal-a-me'des
Pa-]an'ti-a 10
Pa-lan'ti-um 10
Pal-a-ti'nus
Pa'le-isj or Pa'lae
Pa'les
Pal-fu'ri-U3 Su'ra
Pa-li'ci, or Pa-Iis'ci
Pa-lil'i-a
Pal-i-nu'rus
Pal-i-sco'rum, or
Pal-i-co'rum
Pal'la-des
Pal-]a'di-um
Pal-la'di-us
Pal-lan-te'um
Pal-lan'ti-as
Pal-lan'ti-des
PA
Pal-Ian 'ti-on 28
Pal'las
Pal-le'ne 8
Pal'ma
Pal-my'ra||
Pal-phu'ri-us
Pal-mi'sos
Pam'me-nesIT
Pam'mon
Pam'pa
Pam'phi-lus
Pam'phos
Pam'phy-la
Pam-phyl'i-a
Pan
Pan-a-ce'a
Pa-nsB'ti-us 10
Pan'a-res
Pan-a-ris'te
Pan-ath-e-nae'a
Pan-chae'a, or
Pan-che'a, or
Pan-cha'i-a
Pan'da
Pan'da-ma
Pan-da'ri-a
Pan'da-rus
Pan'da-tes
Pan-de'mus
Pan'di-a
Pan'dVon 11
Pan-do'ra
Pan-do'si-a 11
Pan'dro-sos
Pan'e-nus, or Pa-nae'ua
Pan-gSB'us
Pa-ni'a-3is
Pa-ni-o'ni um
Pa'ni-U3 20
Pan-no'ni-a
Pan-om-phse'us
Pan'o-pe, or Pan-o-pe'a
Pan'o-pes
Pa-no 'pe-us
Pa-no'pi-on
Pa-nop'o-lis
Pa-nor'mus
Pan'sa, C.
Pan-tag-nos'lHS
Pan-ta'gy-as
Pan-ta'Ie-on
Pan-tau'chus
Pan'te-us
Pan'thi-des
Pan-the'a
Pan'the-on**
Pan'the-us, or Pan'thua
Pan-lho'i-des 4
Pan-ti-ca-pae'um
Pan-tic'a-pes
Pan-til'i-u3
Pa-ny'a-sis
Pa-ny'a-sus
Pa-paj'us
Pa-pha'ges
Pa'phi-a
Paph-la-go'ni a
Pa'phos
Paph' us
Pa-pi-a'nus
Pa'pi-asft
-This word is by all our prosodists accented on
the first syllable, and, consequently, it must sound exactly as if
written Odd'je-jez ; and this, however odd to an English ear^
must be complied with.
t Omphale. — The accentuation which a mere English speak-
er would give to this word was experienced a few years ago by
a pantomime called Hercules and Omphale ; when the whole
town concurred in placing the accent on the second syllable,
till some classical scholars gave a check to this pronunciation
by placing the accent on the first. This, however, was far
from banishing the former manner, and disturbed the public
ear without correcting it. Those, however, who would not
wish to be numbered among the vulgar, must take care to
avoid the penultimate accent.
X Orpheus. — See Idomeneus
§ Orijus. —
'• And, at once, Broteas and Oryus slew :
Oryus^ mother, Mycale, was known
Down from her sphere to draw the lab'ring moon."
Garth's Ovid. Met.
fl Palmyra. — Nothing can be better fixed in an English ear
than the penultimate accentuation of this word : this pronun-
ciation is adopted by Ainsworth and Lempriere. Gouldman
and Holyoke seem to look the other Avay ; but Labbe sS'ys the
more learned give this word the antepenultimate accent, and
that this accent is more agreeable to the general rule. Those,
however, must be pedantic coxcombs, who should attempt to
disturb the received pronunciation when in English, because
a contrary accentuation may possibly be proved to be more
agreeable to Greek or Latin.
IT Pamm.enes. — I find this word no where but in Lempriere,
who accents it on the penultimate ; but as all words of this
termination have the antepenultimate accent, till this appears
an exception, I shall venture to alter it.
** Pantheon. — This word is universally pronounced with the
accent on the second syllable in English, but in Latin it has
its first syllable accented ; and this accentuation makes so slight
a difference to the ear, that it ought to have the preference.
ft Papias. — This is the name of an early Christian writer,
who first propagated the doctrine of the millennium ; and it
is generally pronounced with the accent on the second syllable,
but I believe corruptly, since Labbe has adopted the antepe-
nultimate accent, who must be well acquainted with the true
pronunciation of ecclesiastical characters.
i
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
971
PE
Pa-pin-i-a'nu3
Pa-pin'i-us
Pa-pir'i-a
Pa-pir'i-u3
Pap' pus
Pa-pyr'i-us
Par-a-bvs'ton
Par-a-di'sus
Pa-rEet'a-«iE
Par-ae-to'ni-um
Par'a-li 3
Par'a-lus
Pa-ra'si-a 11
Pa-ra'si-us 11
Par'cffl
Par'is
Pa-ris'a-des
Pa-ris'i-i 4
Par'i-3us
Pa'ri-um
Par'ma 1
Par-men 'i-des
Par-me'ni-o
Par-nas'sus
Par'nes
Par-nes'sus
Par'ni 3
Pa'ron
Par-o-re'i-a
Pa'ros
Par-rha'si-a 10
Par-rha'si-us 10
Par-tha-mis'i-ris
Par-tha'on
Par-the'ni-a
Par-the'ni-DBj and
Par-t'ie'ni-i 4
Par-the'ni-on
'Par-the'ni-us
Par'the-non
Par-then-o-pee'us
Par-then'o-pe 8
Par'thi-a
Par-thy-e'ne
Pa-rys'a-des
Par-y-sa'lis*
Pa-sar'ga-da
Pa'se-as
Pas'i-cles
Pa-sic'ra-tes
Pa-siph'a-e
Pa-sith'e-a
Pa-sit' i-gris
Pas'sa-ron
Pas-si-e'nu3
Pas'sus
Pat'a-ra
Pa-ta'vi-um
Pa-ter'cu-lus
Pa-tiz'i-thes
Pat'mos
Pa 'tree
Pa'tro
Pa-tro'c]es
Pa-tro'cli
Pa-tro'clusf
Pat-ror-cli'des
Pa'tron
Pat'ro-us
Pa-tul'ci-us 10
Pau'la
Pau-li'na 7
Pau-li'nus
Pau'lus 7E-myl'i-ii
Pau-sa'ni-as
Pau'si-as 11
Pa'vor
Pax
Pax'os
Pe'as
PE
Pe-da'ci-a 10
Pe-d as'us
Pe-da'ni
Pe-da'ni-us
Psed'a-sus
Pe-di'a-dis
Pe-di-a'nus
Pe'di-as
Pe'di-us Blae'sus
Pe'do
Pe'dum
Pe-gas'i-des
Peg'a-sis
Peg'a-sus
Pel'a-gon
Pe-lar'ge
Pe-las'gi 3
Pe-las'gi-a, or
Pe-las-gi'o-tis
Pe-las'gus
Pel-e-thro'ni-i 4
Pe'le-us
Pe-li'a-des
Po'li-as
Pe-li'des
Pe-Iig'ni
Pe-lig'nus
Pel-i-nae'us
Pel-i-nae'um
Pe'li-on
Pe'li-um
Pel'la
Pei-la'naj
Pel-le'ne
PeJ-o-pe'a, or Pel-o-pi'a
Pel-o-pe'i-a
Pe-lop'i-das
Pel-o-pon-ne'sus
Pe'lops
Pe'lor
Pe-lo'ri-a
Pe-lo'rum, or Pe-lo'rus
Pe-lu'si-um 10
Pe-ra'tes
Pen-da'li-um
Pe-ne'i-a, Pen'e-is
Pe-ne'li-us
Pe-nel'o-pe
Pe'ne-us, or Pe-ne'us
Pen'i-da.s
Pen-tap'o-lis
Pen-tho-si-le'a
Pen'the-U3
Pen'thi-lus
Pen'thy-lus
Pep-ar-e'thos
Peph-re'do
Pe-rae'a 7
Per-a-sip'pus
Per-co'pe 8
Per-co' si-US 11
Per-co'te
Per-dic'cas
Per'dix
Pe-ren'na
Pe-ren'ni3
Pe' re-US
Per'ga
Per'ga-mus
Per'ge 8
Per'gus
Pe-ri-an'der
Pe-ri-ar'chus
Per-i-boe'a
Per-i-bo'mi-us
Per'i-cles
Per-i-clyra'e-nus
Pe-rid'i-a
-ri-e-ge'tes
Pe-ri-e'res
PH
Pe-rig'e-ne3
Pe-rig'o-ne
Per-i-la'us
Per-i-le'us
Pe-ril'la
Pe-riMus
Per-i-me'de 8
Per-i-me'la
Pe-rin'thus
Per-i-pa-tet'i-ci 3
Per'i-pa-tetr-ics (Eng.)
Pe-riph'a-nes
Per'i-phas
Pe-riph'a-tus
Per-i-phe'mus
Per-pho-re'tus
Pe-ris'a-des
Pe-ris'tlie-nes
Pe-rit'a-nu3
Per'i-tas
Per-i-to'ni-um
Pe'ro, or Per'o-ne
Por'o-o 8
Per-mes'sus
Per'o-la
Per-pen'na, M.
Per-pe-re'ne
Per-ran'thes
Per-rhae'bi-a
Per'sa, or Per-se'is
Per'saB
Per-sffi'us
Per-se'e
Per-se'is
Per-seph'o-ne
Per-sep'o-lis
Per'se-us, or Per'ses
Per'se-us
Per'si-a 10
Per'sis
Per'si-us Flac'cus
Per'ti-nax
ru'si-a jO
Pes-cen'ni-us
-ci'nus
Pe-ta'li-a
Pet'a-lus
Pe-te'li-a
Pet-e-li'nus
Pe-te'on
Pe'te-us
Pe-tJl'i-a
Pe-til'i-i 3
Pc-til'i-us
Pet-o-si'ris
Pe'tra
Pe-tra;'a
Pe-tre'i-us
Pe-t,ri'num
Pe-tro'ni-a
Pe-tro'ni-us
Pet'ti-us
Peu'ce 8
Peu-ces'tes
Peu-ce'ti-a 10
Peu-ci'ni 4
Peu-co-la'us
Pex-o-do'ru3
Pha)'a
Phae-a'ci-a 10
Phse'ax
Phsed'i-mus
Phae'don
Phae'dra
Phaj'dri-a
PhsB'drus
Phsed'y-ma 5
Pha!-]non'o-e
Phsen-a-re'te
Phse'ni-as
PH
Phsen'na
PhEBn'nis
Pliae-oc'o-mes
PhsBs'a-na
phses'tum
Pha'e-ton
Pha-e-ton-ti 'a-des
Pha-e-tu'sa
Phae'us
Pha-ge'si-a 10
Pha'te
Pha-lse'cus
Pha-iffi'si-a 11
Pha-lan'thus
Phal'a-ris
Pha-nas
Phal'a-Tus
Phal'ci-don
Pha'le-as
Pha-le're-us|
Pha-le'ris
Pha-le'ron, or
Phal'e-rum
Pha-le'rus
Pha'li-as
Phal'li-ca
Pha-lys'i-us 10
Pha-naB'us
Phan-a-rse'a
Pha'nes
Pban'o-cles
Phan-o-de'mus
Phan-ta'si-a 10
Pha'nus
Pha'on
Pha'ra
Pha-rac'i-des 24
Pha'cer, or Phe'rae
Pha-ras'ma-nes
Pha'rax
Pha'ris
Phar-me-cu'sa
Phar-na-ba'zu3
Phar-na'ce-a
Phar-na'ces§
Phar-na-pa'tcs
Phar-nas'pes^
Phar'nus
Pha'ros
Phar-sa'Ii-a
Phar'te
Pha'rus
Pha-ru'si-i, or
Phau-ra'si-i 4
Pha'si-as
Phar'y-bus
Pha-ryc'a-don
Phar'y-ge
Pha-se'lis
Pha-si-a'na
Pha'sis
Phas'sus
Pbau'da
Phav-o-ri'nu3
Pha-yl'lus
Phe'a, or Phe'i-a
Phe-ca'dum
Phe'ge-us, or Phle'ge-
Phel'li-a
Phel'lo-e
Phel'lus
Pho'mi-us
Phe-mon'o-e 8
Phe-ne'um
Phe'ne-us (lacus)
Phe'rse
Phe-rae'us
Phe-rau'les
Phe-rec'lus
Phe-rec'ra-tes
PH
Pher-e-cy'dea
Phe-ren-da'tes
Pher-o-ni'ce 29
Phe'res
Phe-re'ti-as 10
Pher-e-ti'raa
Pher'i-num
Phe'ron
Phi'a-Je
Phi-a'li-a, or Phi-ga li-a
Phi'a-lus
Phic'o-res
Phid'i-as
Phid'i-le
Piii-dip'pi-des
Phi-dit'i-a 10
Phi'don
Phid'y-le
Phig-a'le-i
Phi'la
Pliil-a-del'phi-a
Piiil-a-del'phus
Phi'liB
Pbi-lffi'ni
Phi-lse'us
Phi-lam'mon
Phi-lar'chus 12
Phi-le'mon
Phi-le'ne 8
Pni-le'ris
Phil'e-ros
Phi-le'si-us 19
Phil-e-tae'ru3
Phi-Ie'tas
Phi-le'ti-us 10
Pliil'i-das
Phil'i-des
Phi-lin'na
Phi-li'nus
Phi-lip'pe-i
Phi-lip'pi
Phi-iip'pi-des
Phi-lip'po-lis
Phi-lip-pop'o-lis
Phi-lip'pus
Phi-lis'cu3
Phi-lis'ti-on 11
Phi-lis'tus
Phil'lo
Pni'lo
Phil-o-boe'o-tu3
Phi-]oeh'o-rus
Phil'o-cles
Plii-loc'ra-tos
Phil-oc-te tes
Phil-o-cy'prus
Piiil-o-da-me'a
Phil-o-de'mus
Phi-lod'i-ce
Phil-o-la'us
Phi-lol'o-gus
Phi-lom'a-che
Phi-!om'bro-tu3
Phil-o-ine'di-a||
Phil-o-me'dus
Pbil-o-me'la
Phil-o-me'lus
Phi'lon
Phi-lon'i-des
Phil'o-nis
Phi-lon'o-e 8
Phi-Ion 'o-me
Phi-Jon 'o-mus
Phil'o-nus
Phi-lop'a-tor
Phil'o-phron
Phil-o-pce'men
Phi-los'tra-tus
Phi-Io'tas
Phi-lot'e-ra
* Parysatis. — Labbe tells us that some prosodists contend
that this word ought to be accented on the antepenultimate
syllable, and we find Lempriere has so accented it ; but so
oopular a tragedy as Alexander, which every wher^} accents
the penultimate, has fixed this pronunciation in our own coun-
try beyond a doubt.
t Patroclus, — Lempriere, Ainsworth, Gouldman and Hol-
ynke accent the penultimate syllable of this word ; but Labbe
the antepenultimate : our Graduses pronounce it either way ;
but I do not hesitate to prefer the penultimate accent ; and,
till some good reason be given for the contrary, I think Patro-
cles the historian, and Patrocli a small island, ought to be
pro;iou;iced with the same accent as the friend of Achilles.
J Phalereiis. — There is some doubt among the learned
Avhether this word ought to be pronounced in three or four syl-
lables ; that is, as Pkal-e-reus, or Pha-le-re-us. The latter
mode, however, with the accent on the antepenultimate, seems
to 08 the most eligible.
§ Pharnaces. — All our prosodists accent the antepenulti-
mate syllable of this word ; but an English ear is strongly in-
clined to accent the penultimate, as in Arbaces and Arsaces,
which see.
II Philomedia. —
" Nor less by Philomedia known on earth ;
A name derived immediate from her birth "
Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 311 .
972
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
PH
Phi-lot'i-mus
Phi-lo'tis
Phi-lox'e-nu8
Phi-lyl'li-us
Phil'y-ra
Phjl'y-res
Phi-lyr'i-dea
Pbi-rie'us
Phin'ta
Phin'ti-as 10
Phia
Phleg'e-las
rhleg'e-thon
Phle'gi-as
Phle'gon
Plile'gra
Phle'gy-e 6 8
Phle'gy-as
I'hli'as
Phli'us
Phlce'us
Pho-be'tor
Pho-cffi'a
Pho-cen'ses, and
Pho'ci-ci 3 10
Pho-cil'i-des
Pho'ci-on 10
Pho'cis
Pho'cus
Pho-cyl'i-des
Phoe'be
Phoe'be-um
Phceb'i-das
Phoe-big'e-na
Phce'bus
Phos'mog
Plioe-ni'ce 29
Phce-nic'i-a 10
Phoe-nic'e-us
Pboe-nic'i-des
Phoe-ni'cus
Phceii-i-cu'sa
Phoe-nis'sa
Phoe'nix
Phol'o-e
Pho'lus
Phor'baa
Phor'cus, or Phor cys
Phor'mi-o
Phor'mis
Pho-ro'ne-us
Fho-ro'nis
I'ho-ro'ni-um
Pho-ti'nus
Pho'ti-us 10
Phox'us
Phra-a'tes
PI
PJira-at'i-ces
Phra-da'tes
Phra-gan'de
Phra-ha'tes
Phra-nic'a-teg
Phra-or'tes
Phras'i-cles
Phras'i-mus
Phra'si-us 10
Pnru-ta-pher'nes
Pbri-a-'pa'ti-us 10
Phrix'us
Phrou'i-ma
Phron'tis
Phru'ri 3
Phry'ges 6
Phryg'i-a,
Phry'ne 6 8
Phryn'i-cus
Phry'nis
Phry'no
Pbryx'us
Phthi'a 14
Phtbi-o'tis
Phy'a
Pby'cus
Phyl'a-ce
Pbyla-cu3
Pby-lar'chus
Phv'las
Pby'le
Phyl'e-is 20
Phy-le'us
Pbyl'i-ra
Phyl'la
Phyl-la'li-a
Phil-le'i-us
Phyl'lis
Phyl'li-us
Phyl-lod 'o-ce
PhyMos
Phyl'lus
Phy-scel'la
Phy-rom'a-cbus
Phys'co-a
Phys'con
Pbys'cos
Fliys'cus
Phy-ta]'i-de3
Phyt'a-lus
Phy'ton
Phyx'i-um
Pi'a, or Pi-a'li-a
Pi'a-sus
Pi-ce'ni 3
Pi-cen'ti-a 10
Pic-en-ti'ni 4
PI
Pi-ce'num
Pi 'era
Pic'tse, or Pic'ti
Pic-ta'vi, or Pict'o-nes
Pic-ta'vi-um j
Pic 'tor
Pi'cus
Pi-do'rus
Pid'y-tes
Pi'e-lu3
Pi'e-ra
Pi-e'ri-a
Pi-er'i-des
Pi'e-iis
Pi'e-rus
Pi'e-tas
Pi'gres
Pi-lum'nus
Pim'pla
Pim-ple'i-des
Pim-ple'e-des
Pim-pra'na
Pin'a-re
Pi-na'ri us
Pin'da-rus
Pin'da-sus
Pin-de-nis'sus
Pin'dus
Pin'na ■
Pin'thi-as
Pi-o'ni-a
Pi-r68'us, or Pi-rae'e-us
Pi-re 'ne
Pi-rith'o-us
Pi'rus
Pi'sa
Pi'ssB
Pi-sae'us
Pi-san'der
Pi-sa'tesj or Pi-sao'i
Pi-sau'rus
Pi-se'nor
Pis'e-us
Pis'i-as 10
Pi-si'di-a
Pi-sid'i-ce
Pi'sis
Pis-is-trat'idse
Pis-is-trat'i-des
Pi-sis'tra-tus
iPi'so
J'i-so'nls
Pis'si-rus
Pis'tor
Pi'sug
Pi-suth'ne3
Pit'a-ne
PL
Pith-e-cu'sa
Pitb'e-us
Pi'tho
Pith-o-la'us
Pi-tho'le-on
Pi'tbon
Pi'thys
Pit'ta-cus
Pit'tbe-a
Pit-tbe'is
Pit'the-us
Pit-u-a'ni-us
Pit-u-la'ni 3
Pit-3'-ae'a
Pit-y-as'sus
Pit-y-o-ne'sus
Pit-y-u'sa
Pla-cen'ti-a 10
Plac-i-de-i-a'nus
Pla-cid'i-a
Pla-ci(j 'i-us
Pla-na'si-a 10
Plan-ci'na
Plan'cus
Pla-tsB'a
Pla-tae'ae
Pla-ta'ni-us
Pla'to
Plau'ti-a 10
Plau'ti-us
Plau-ti-a'iius
Plau-she-a'nus
Plau-til'la
Plau'tus
Plei'a-des*
Plei'o-ne
Plem-myr'i-um
Plem'ne-ns 29
Pleu-ra'tus
Pleu'ron
Plex-au're
Plex-ip'pus
Pliii'i-us
PUn'y (Eng.)
Flin-thi'ne
Plis-tar'chus
Plis'tha-nus
Plis'the-nes
I Plis-ti'nus
Plis-to'a-nax
Plis-to'nax
Plis-to-ni'ces 30
Plo'tEe
Plo-ti'oa
Plot-i-nop'o-lis
Plo-ti'nus
Plo'ti-us 10
PO
Plu-tar'chu3
Plu'tarch (Eng.j
Plu'ti-a 10
Plu'to
Plu-to'ni-um
Plu'tus
Plu'vi-us
Plyn-te'ri-a
Pnig'e-us 13
Pob-lic'i-us 24
Pod-a-lir'i-us
Po-dar'ce 8
Po-dar'ces
Po-da'res
Po-dar'ge
Po-dar'gus
Pce'as
Pa3c'i-le 24
PcE'ni 3
Pce'on
Poe-o'ni-a
Poe'us
Po'gon
Po'la
Pol-e-mo-cra'ti-a
Pol'e-mon
Po-le'nor
Po'li-as
Po-li-or-ce'tes
Po-lis'ma
Po-lis'tra-tus
Po-li'tes _
Pol-i-to'ri-um
Pol-len'ti-a 10
Pol-lin'e-a
Pol'li-o
Pol'lis
Pol']i-us Fe'lix
Pol-lu'ti-a 10
Pol'lux
Po'lus
Po-Ius'ca
Pol-y-B3'nus
Pol'y-nus
Pol-y-ar'cbus
Po-lyb'i-das
Po-lyb'i-us, or Pol'y-bug
Pol-y-boe'a
Pol-y-boe'tes
Pol-y-bo'tes
Pol-y <;a'on
Pol-y-car'pus
Pol-y -cas'te
Po-iych'a-res
Po)-y-cle'a
Pol'y-cles
Pol-y-cle'tus
* Pleiades. —
" When witb their domes the slow-pac'd snails retreat
Beneath some foliage from the burning beat
Of the Pleiades, your tools prepare ;
The ripen'd harvest then deserves your care."
Cooke's Hesiod. Works and Days.
The translator bas adliered strictly to the original U^rj'iaSeg
in making this word four syllables. Virgil has done the same :
" Ple'iadas, Hyadas, claramque Lycaonis Arcton."
Georgic. I.
But Ovid bas contracted this word into three syllables :
" Pleiades incipiunt bumeros relevare paternos."
Fasti, iv. p. 169.
The latter translators of the classics bave generally con-
tracted this word to three syllables. Tbus, in Ogilby's trans-
lation of Virgil's Georgics, b. 1 :
" First let the eastern Pleiades go down,
And tbe bright star in Ariadne's crown."
<' The Pleiades and Hyades appear ;
The sad companions of tbe turning year."
Creech's Manilius
But Dryden bas, to tbe great detriment of the poetical
sound of this word, anglicised it, by squeezing it into two
syllables :
*' What are to him the sculpture of the shield,
Heaven's planets, earth, and ocean's watery field.
The Pleiads, Hyads, less and greater Bear,
Undipp'd in seas, Orion's angry star?"
Ovid's Met. b. 12
This unpleasant contraction of Dryden's seems not to have
been much fo lowed. Elegant speakers are pretty uniform in
preferring the trisyllable ; but a considerable variety appears
in tbe sound of tbe dipbthiong ei. Most speakers pronounce it
like the substantive eye ; and this pronunciation is defended
by the common practice in most schools, of sounding the diph-
thong a in this manner in appellatives ; but though Greek
appellatives preserve the original sound of their letters, as
<t^i\avTLa, npol3driov, k. t. A., where the t does not slide into
sh, as in Latin words ; yet proper names, which are trans-
planted into all languages, partake of tne soil into which they
are recijived, and fall in with the analogies of the language
which adopts them. There is, therefore, no more reason for
preserving the sound of ei in proper names, than for pronoun-
cing the c like k in Phocion, Lacedaimon, &c.
But perhaps it will be said, that our diphthong ei bas the
sound of eye as well as the Greek a. To which it may be an-
swered, that this is an irregular sound of these vowels, and
can scarcely be produced as an example, since it exists but in
either, neither, height, and sleight. The two iirst words are
more frequently and analogically pronounced eether, neether ;
and height is often pronounced so as to rhyme witb weight,
and would, in all probability, be always so pronounced, but
for the false supposition, that the abstract must preserve tbe
sound of the verb or adjective from which it is derived ; and
with respect to sleight, though Dr. Johnson says it ought to
be written slight, as we sometimes see it, yet, if we observe his
authorities, we shall find that several respectable authors spelt
the word in this manner ; and if we consult Junius and Skin
ner, particularly the last, Ave shall see the strongest reason
from etymology to prefer this spelling, as in all probability it
comes from sly. The analogical pronuijiciation, therefore, ot
this diphthong in our own language is either as heard in
vein, rein, &c.. or in perceive, receive, &c. The latter ig
adopted by many speakers in the present word, as if written
Pleeades ; but Plyades, though less analogical, must be own-
ed to be the more polite and literary pronunciation. — See note
orj Elegeia in the Terminational Vocabulary
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
97^
PO
Po-lyc'ra-tes
Pol-y-cre'ta, or
Pol-y-cri'ta
Po-lycri-tus
Po-lyc'tor
Pol-y.dBE mon
Po-lyd'a-mas
Pol-y-dam'na
Pol-y-dec'tes
Pol-y-deu-ce'a
Pol-y-do'ra
Pol-y-do'rus
Pol-y-je-raon'i-des
Pol-y-gi'ton
Po-lyg'i-us
Pol-yg-no'tus
Po-lyg'onus
Pol-y-hym'ni-a, and
Po-)ym'ni-a
Pol-y-id'i-us
Pol-y-la'us
Po-lym'e-nes
Pol-y-me'de
Po-lym'e-don
Pol-y-me'la
Pol-ym-nes'tes
Pol-ym-nes'tor
Pol-y-ni'ces
Po-lyn'o-e
Pol-y-pe'mon
Pol-y-per'chcn
Pol-y-phe'mus
Pol'y-pheme (Eng)
Pol-y-phon'tes
Pol'y-phron
Pol-y-pce'tes
Po-Iys'tra-tu9
Pol-y-tech'nus
Pol-y-ti-me'tus
Po-lyt'i-on 10
Po-lyt'ro-pas
Po-lyx'e-na
Pol-yx-en'i-das
Po-lyx'e-nus
Po-lyx'o
Pol-y-ze'lus
Pom-ax-Be'thres
Po-me'ti-a 10
Po-me'ti-i 3
Pom-e-ti'na
Po-rao'na
Pom-pe i-a 5
Pom-pei-a 'nus
Pom-pe 'i-i, or
Pom-pei'-um
Pom-pei-op'o-lis
Pom-pe 'i-us
Pom-pil'i-a
Pom-pil'i-us Nu'ma
Pom-pi'lus
Pom-pis'cus
Pom-po'ni-a
Pom-po'ni-us
Pom-po-si-a'nus
Pomp-ti'ne
Pomp-ti'nus
Pom 'pus
Pon'ti-a 10
Pon'ti-cum ma're
Pon'ti-cus
Pon-ti'na
Pon-ti'nus
Pon'ti-us 10
Pon'tus
Pon'tus Eu-xi'nus
Po-pil'i-us Lae'nas*
Pop-lic'o-la
Pop-pee'a Sa-bi'na
Pop-pae'us
Pop-u-lo'ni-a
PR
Por'ci-a 10
Por'ci-us 10
Po-red'o-rax
Po-ri'na
Por-o-se-le'ne
Por-phyr'i-on
Por-phyr'i-us
Por'ri-ma
Por-sen'na, or
Por'se-na
Por'ti-a, and
Por'ti-us 10
Port'mos
Por-tum-na'li-a
Por-tura'nus
Po'rus
Po-si'des
Pos-i-de'um
Po-si'don
Pos-i-do'ni-a
Pos-i-do'ni-us
Po'si-o 10
Post-hu'mi-a
Post-hu'mi-us
Pos-tu'mi-us
Post-ver'ta
Po-tam'i-des
Pot'a-mon
Po-thi'nus
Po'thos
Pot-i-dae'a
Po-ti'na
Po-tit'i-us 24
Pot'ni-ae
Prac'ti-um 10
Pr8e'ci-a 10
Prse-nes'te
Prae'sos
Prse'sti 3
Praj'tor
Prae-to'ri-us
Pra)-tu'ti-um 10
Prat'i-nas
Prax-ag'o-ras
Prax'i-as
Prax-id'a-mas
Prax-id'i-ce
Prax'i-la
Prax-iph'a-nes
Prax'is
Prax-it'e-les
Prax-ith'e-a
Pre-u'ge-nes
Prex-as'pes
Pri-am'i-des
Pri'a-mus
Pri-a'pus
Pri-c'ne
Pri'ina
Prison
Pris-ciFla
Pris'cus
Pris'tis
Pri-ver'nus
Pri-vei'num
Pro'ba
Pro' bus, M.
Pro'cas
Proch'o-rus
Proch'y-ta
Pro-cil'i-us
Pro-cil'la
Pro-cil'lus
Proc'!e-a
Pro'cles
Proc'ne
Pro-cli'dee
Proc-on-ne'sus
Pro-co' pi-US
Pro'cris
PT
Pro-cfus'tes
Proc'u-la
Proc-u-le'i-us 5
Proc'u-lus
Pro'cy-on
Prod'i-cus
Pro-er'na
Proet'i-des
Prte'tus
Prog'ne
Pro-la' us
Prom'a-chus
Pro-math 'i-das
Pro-ma'thi-on
Prom'e-don
Prom-e-naa'a
Pro-me'tiie-i
Pro-me'the-us 29
Pro-me'this, and
Prom-e-thi'des
Prom'e-thus
Prom'u-lus
Pro-nap 'i-des
Pro'nax
Pion-'o-e
Pron'o-mus
Pron'o-us
Prou u-ba
Pro-per'ti-us
Pro-pcet'i-des
Pro-pon'tis
Prop-y-le'a
Pros-chys'ti-us 10
Pro-ser'"pi-na 28
Pros'er-pine (Eng.)
Pros-o-pi'tis
Pro-sym'na
Pro-tag'o-ras
Prot-a-gor'i-des
Pro'te-i Co-lura'nse
Pro-tes-i-la'us
Pro'te-us
Pro-tho-e'norj
Pro'the-us
Proth'o-us
Pro'to
Prot-o-ge-ne'a
Pro-tog 'e-nes
Prot-o-ge-ni'aj
Pro-to-me-di'a$
Prot-o-me-du'sa
Prox'e-nus
Pru-den'ti-us 10
Prum'ni-des
Pru'sa
Pru-s,a'us
Pru'si-as 10
Prym'no
Pryt'a-nes
Pryt-a-ne'um
Pryt'a-nis
Psam'a-the 15
Psam'a-thos
Psam-me-ni'tus
Psam-met'i-chus
Psam'mis
Psa'phis
Psa'pho 15
Pse'cas
Pso'phis
Psycho 12 15
Psych'rus
Psyl'li 3 15
Pte'le-um 16
Pter-e-la'us
Pte'ri-a
Ptol-e-der'ma
Ptol-e-mae'um
Ptol-e-mae'us
PtoVe-my (Eng.)
PY
Tnl'e-7ne 16
Ptol-e-ma'is
Ptol'y-cus
Pto'us
Pub-lic'i-a 24
Pub-lic'i-us 10
Pub-lic'o-la
Pub'li-us
Pul-che'ri-a
Pu'ni-cuai bel'lum
Pu'pi-ud
Pu-pi-e'nus
Pup'pi-us
Pu-te'o-li 3
Py-a-nep'si-a 10
Pyd'na
Pyg'e-la
Pyg-mffl'i
Pyg-ma'li-on 29
Pyl'a-des
Py'lae
Py-item'e-nes
Py-lag'o-rse
Py-Iag'o-ras
Py-!a'on
Py-lar'tes
Py-lar'ge
Py'fes
Py-le'ne
Pyl'e-us
Pyl'le-on
Py'lo
Py'los
Pyius
Py'ra
Py-rac'mon
Py-rac'mos
Py-ra3ch'mes
Pyr'a-mu3
Pyr-e-na'i
Pyr-e-nBB'u3
Py-re'ne
Pyr'gi 3
Pyr'gi on
Pyr'go
Pyr-got'e-Ies
Pyr'gus
Py-rip'pe
Py'ro _
Pyr'o-is
Py-ro'ni-a
Pyr'rha
Pyr'rhi-as
Pyr'rhi-ca
Pyr'-rhi-cus
Pyr'rhi-dae
Pyr'rho
Pyr'rhus
Pys'tP.
Py-thag'o-ras
Pyth-a-ra'tus
Pyth e-as
Py'thes
Pyth'e-us
Pyth 'i-a
Pyth'i-as
Pyth'i-on
Pyth 'i-us
Py'tho
Py-thoch'a-ris
Pyth'o-cles
Pyth-o-do'rus
Pyth-o-la'us
Py'tiion
Pyth-o-ni'ce 30
Pyth-o-nis'sa
Pyt'na
Pyt'ta-lus
RH
Q.
aUA-DER'NA
Quo'di 3
Q.ua-dra'tus
Cluad'ri-frons, or
Q.uad'ri-cep3
QuaBS-to'res
Clua'ri 3
Q-ua' f i-u3
Ciuercens
Q.ui-e'tus
Q.uinc-ti-a'nus 10
Q.uinc-til'i-a
Q.uinc'ti-us, T.
Q.uin-de-cem ' vi-r i
Q.uin-qua'tri-a
Q,uin-quep-na'les
Q.uin-til-i a'nus
Quin-til'i-an (Eng.;
Q.uin-til'i-us Va'rui
Q,uin-til'la
Uuin-til'lus, M.
Q.uin'ti-us 10
Glu.'D'tus Cur'ti-us
Q,uir-i-na'li-a
Q.uir-i-na'lis
Qui-ri'nus
Ciui-ri'tes 1
R.
RA-BIR'I-US
Ra-cil'i-a
Rifi-sa'ces
Ra-mi'ses
Ram'nes
Ran da
Ra'po
Ra-scip'o-Iis
Ra-van'na
Rav'o-la
Rau-ra'ci 3
Rau-ri'ci
Re-a'te 8
Re-dic'u-lus
Red'o-nes
Re-gil'lce
Re-gil-li-a'nus
He-gil'lus
Reg'u-lus
Re'ffii 3
Ren. u-lus
Re-mu'ri-a
Re'mus
Re'sui^
Re-u-dig'ni 3
Rha'ci-a 10
Rha'ci-us
Rlia-co'tis
Rhad-a-man-'thus
Rhad-a-mis'tu3
Rha'di-us
Rhae'te-um
Rhae'ti, or Ra)'ti
Rhse'ti-a 10
Rham-nen'ses
Rham'nes
Rham-si-ni'tus
Rham'nas
Rha'nis
Rha'ros
Rhas-cu'po-ris
Rhe'a
Rhe'bag, or Rhe'l us
Rhed'o-nes
Rhe'gi-um
* Popilius Lmnas. — Nothing can show the dignity of the
Roman commonwealth and the terror of its arms, more than
the conduct of this man. He was sent as an ambassador to
Aiitiochus, king of Syria, and was commissioned to order that
monarch to abstain from hostilities against Ptolemy, king of
Egypt, who was an ally of Rome, Antiochus, who was at
the head of his army when he received this order, wished to
evade it by equivocal answers ; but Popilius, with a stick
which he had in his hand, made a circle round him on the sand,
and bade him, in the name of the Roman senate anu people,
not to go beyond it before he spoke decisively. This boldness
mtimidated Antiochus : he withdrew his garrisons from
Egynt, and n» longiiT meditated a war against Ptolemy.
t Prothoenor. —
" The hardy warriors wliom Bosotia bred,
Peneleus, Ijeitus, Protho'dnor led."
Pope's Horn. Iliad.
X SeelpHiOENiA.
$ Protomedia. —
" Nisffia and Actaea boast the same,
Protomedia from the fruitful dame,
And Doris, honor 'd with maternal name."
Cooke's Hesiod. Theog. v. 483-
See Iphioenia.
974
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
RU
Rhe-gus'ci 3
Rhe'mi 3
Rhe'ne
RiiS'ni 3
Rlie'uus
Rhe-o-mi'tres
Rhe'sus
Rhe^tog'e-nes
Rhet'i-co
Rhe-u'nua
Rliex-e nor
Rhex-ib'i-U8
Rhi-a'nus
Rhid'a-go
Rhimot'tt-oles
kni on
Rhi pha or Rhi'phe
Rhi phdL . 3
llhi phe'iis
Rhi um
Rlioi'a-nus
Rlio'de
Rho'di-a
Rhod-o-gy'ne, or
Rhod-o-gu'ne
Rha'do-pe, or
Rho-do'pia
Ri.ydus
Rhodes (Eng.)
RhfE'bus
Rhis'cus
Rhne'te-um
RhoB'tus
Rho-5a'ces
Eho'sus
Eliox-a'na, or Rox-a'na
Rhox-aiii 3
Ehu-te'ni, and
Ru-the'ni
Rhyn'da-cus
Rhyn'thon
Rhy'pte
Ri-phte'i 3
i^:-phe'us
Rix-ara'a-rae
Ro-bi'go, or Ru-bi'go
Rod-e-ri'cus
Ro'iua
Rovie (Eng.), pronounc-
ed Room*
Ro-ina'ni 3
Ro-ma'nus
Ro-mil'i-us
Rc-n'u-ia
Ra-rau'li-daB
Rora'u-lus
Ro'mus
Ros'ci-us 10
Ro-si!'la-nus
Ro si-US 11
Rox-a'na
Rox-o-la'ni 3
Ru-bel'li-us
Ru'bi 3
Ru'bi-con
Ru-bi-e'nus Lap'pa
Ru-bi'go
Ru'bra sax'a
Ru'bri-us
Ru'di-EB
Ru'fee
Ruf'fus
Ru-fil'lus
Ruf-fi'nus
Ru-fi'nus
Ru'fus
Ru'gi-i 4
Ru'mi-nu3
Run-ci'na
SA
Ru-pil'i-us
Rus'ci-us 10
Rus-co'ni-a
Ru-sel lae
Rus'pi-na
Ru-to'ni
Rus'ti-cus
Ru'ti-la
Ru'ti-lu8
Ru-til'i us Ru'fus
Ru'tu-ba
Ru'tu-bus
Ru'tu-li 3
Ru'tu-pae
Ru-tu-pi'nu3
s.
SA'BA
Sab'a-chus, or
Sab'a-con
Sa'bse
Sa-ba'ta
Sa-ba'zi-us
Sab'bas
Sa-bel'la
Sa-bel'li 3
Sa-bi'ria
Sa-bi'ni 3 4
Sa-bin-i-a'nus 21
Sa-bi'nus Au'lus
Sa'bis
Sab'ra-cae
Sa-bri'na
Sab'u-ra
Sab-u-ra'nus
Sab'ra-t.a
Sa'bus
Sac'a-das .
Sa'cffi
Sa'cer
Sach-a-li'tes
Sa-cra'ni
Sac-ra'tor
Sa-crat'i-vir
Sad''a-les
Sa'dus
Sad-y-a'tes
Sag'a-na
Sag'a-ris
c5a-git'ta
Sa-gun'tum, or
Sa-gun'tus
Sa'is
Sa'la
Sal'a-con
Sal-a-min'i-a
Sai'a-mis
Sal-a-mi'na
Sa-la'pi-a, or
Sa-la'pi-EB
Sal'a-ra
Sal-la'ri-a
Sa-las'ci 3
Sa-le'i-us 5
Sa-leiii 3
Sal-en-ti'ni 3
Sa-ler'num
Sal-ga'ne-us, or
Sal-ga'ne-a
Sa'li-i 3 4
Sal-i-na'tor
Sa'li-us
Sal-lus'ti-us
SaVlust (Eng.)
Sal'ma-cis
I Sal-mo'ne
SA
Sal-mo'ne-us
rial'nrius
Sal-my-des'sus
Sa-'lo
Sa-Io'me 8
Sa'lon
Sa-lo'na, or Sa-Io'naB
Sal-o-ni'na
Sa3-o-ni'nus
Sa-io'ni-us
Sal'pis
Sal'vi-an
Sal-vid-i-e'nus
Sal'vi-us
Sa-ma'ri-a 30
Sam-bu']os
Sa'me, or Sa'mos
Sa'mi-a
Sam-ni'tEB
Sam-ni'tes
Sam'nites (Eng.)
Sam'ni-ura
Sa-mo'ni-um
8a'mos
Sa-mos'a-ta
Sam-o-thra'ce, or
Sam-o-thra'ci-a
Sa'mus
Sa'na
San'a-os
San-cho-ni'a-thon
San-da'cet
San-da'li-um
San'da-nis
San'da-nus
Sandi'on 11
San-dre-cot'tus
San'ga-la
San-ga'ri-us, or
San'ga-ris
San-guin'i-us
San-nyr'i-on
San'to-nes, and
San'to-nse
Sa'on
Sa-pas'i, or Sa-phae'i
Sa'por
Sa-po'resJ
Sap'pho, or Sa'pho
Sap'ti-ne
Sa-rac'o-ri 3
Sa-ran'ges
Sar-a-pa'ni 3
Sara-pus
Sar'a-sa
Sa-ras'pa-des
Sar-dan-a-pa'lus
Sar'des
Sar'di 3
Sar-din'i-a
Sar'dis, or Sar'des
Sar-don'i-cus 30
Sar-i-as'ter
Sar-ma'ti-a 10
Sar-men'tus
Sar'ni-us
Sa'ron
Sa-ron'i-cus Si'nus
Sar-pe'don
Sar-ras'tes
Sar'si-na
Sar-san'da
Sa'son
Sa-tas'pes
Sa'ti-aj 10
Sat-i-bar-za'ne
Sa-tic'u-la, and
Sa-tic'u-Ius
Sa'tis
sc
Sat-ra-pe'ni
Sa-tri'cum
&a-trop'a-ces
Sat'u-ra
Sat-u-rei-um, or
Sa-tu're-um
Sat-u-re'i-us
Sat-ur-na'li-a
Sa-tur'ni-a
Sat-ur-ni'nus
Sa-tur'ni-us
Sa-tur'nus
Sat u-rum
Sat'y-rus
Sau-fe'i-us Tro'gu
Sau-rom'a-tee
Sau'rus
Sav'e-ra
Sa'vo, or Sav-o'na
Sa'vus
Saz'i-ches 12
Scae'a
Se'a
Scae'va
Se'va
ScEBv'o-la
Sev'o-la
Scal'pi-um
Sca-man'der
Sca-maiT'dri-us
Scan-da'ri-a
Scan-di-na'vi-a
Scan-tii'Ia
Scap-tes'y-le
Scap'ti-a 10
Scap'ti-us 10
Scap'u-la
Scar'di-i 3 4
Scar-phi'a, or Scar'phe
Scau'rus
Sced'a-sus
Scel-e-ra'tus
Sche'di-a
Ske'di-a
Sche'di-us 12
Sche'ri-a
Scha3'ne-us
SchoB'nus, or Sche'no
Sci'a-this
Si'a-this
Sci'a-tho3
Sci'dros
Scil'lus
Sci'nis
Scin'thi 3
Sci-o'ne
Sci-pi'a-dsB
Scip'i-o 9
Sci'ra 7
Sci-ra'di-um
Sci'ras 3
Sci'ron
Sci'rus
Sco'lus
Scorn' brus
Sco'pas
Sco'pi-um
Scor-dis'ci, and
Scor-dis'ca^
Sco-ti'nus
Sco-tus'sa
Scri-bo'ni-a
Scri-bo-ni-a'nu3
Scri-bo'ni-us
Scyl-a-ce'um 9
Scy'lax
Scyl'la
Scyl-lse'um
Scyl'li-as
SE
Scyl'lis
Scyl'lus
Scy-lu'rus
Scyp'pi-um
Scy'ras
Scy'ros
Scy'thae
Scy'thes, or Scy'tha
Scyth'i-a
Scyth'i-des
Scy-thi'nus
Scy'thon
Scy-thop'o-lis
Se-bas'ta
Se-bas'ti-a
Seb-en-ny'tus
Se-be'tus
Se-bu-si-a'nj, or
Se-gu-si-a'ni
Sec-ta'nus
Sed-i-ta'ni, or
Sed-en-ta'ni 3
Se-du'ni 3
Se-du'si-i 3
Se-ges'ta
Se-ges'tes
Se-gob'ri-ga
Seg'ni 3
Seg'o-nax
Se-gon'ti-a, or
Se-gun'ti-a 10
Seg-on-ti'a-ci 3
Se-go'vi-a
Se-gun'ti-um 10
Se'i-us Stra'bo
Se-ja'nus ^'li-us
Se-leui'nus
Se-le'ne
Sel-eu-ce'na, or
Se-leu'cis
Sel-eu'ci-a$ 29
Se-leu'ci-da
Se-leu'cis
Se-leu'cus
Sel'ge
Se-lim'nus
Se-li'nuns, or Se-li'nua
Se-la'si-a
Sel-le'is
Sel'li 3
Se-lym'bri-a
Sem'e-le
Sem-i-ger-ma'ni
Seci-i-gun'tus
Se-mir'a-mis
Sem'no-nes
Se-mo'nes
Sem-o-sanc'tus
Sem-pro'ni-a
Sem-pro'ni-us
Se-mu'ri-um
Se'na
Se-na'tus
Sen'na, or Se'na
Sen'e-ca
Sen'o-nes
Son'ti-us 10
Sep-te'ri-on
Sep-tim'i-us
Sep-ti-mu-le ' i-us
Sep'y-ra
Seq'ua-na
Seq'ua-ni
Se-quin'i-ua
Se-ra'pi-o
Se-ra'pis||
Se'res
Ser-bo'nis
Se-re'na
i
I
* [The regular pronunciation, Rome, is now more com-
mon — Ed.]
t Sandace. — A sister of Xerxes, which I find in no lexicog-
rapher but Lempriere, and in him with the accent on the first
syllable ^ but, from its Greek original YavSavKr], it ought cer-
tainly to be accented on the second syllable.
I Sapores. — This word, says Labbe, is by Gavantus and
others, ignorant of the Greek, accented on the first syllable.
§ Seleucia. — Lempriere and Labbe accent this word on the
yenultimate ; but Ainsworth, Gouldman and Holyoke on the
antepenultimate. As this word, according to Strabo, had its
penultimate formed of the diphthong ei, 'ZeXevKsia, this sylla-
ble ought to have the accent ; but as the antepenultimate ac-
cent is so incorporated into our tongue, I would strongly rec-
ommend the pronunciation which an English scholar would
give it at first sight, and that is, placing the accent on the u
This is the accent Milton gives it :
" Eden stretch'd her line
From Auran eastward to the royal tow'rs
Of great Seleucia, built by Grecian kings."
Par. Lost, b. 4.
Ifj however, the English scholar wishes to shine in the classical
pronunciation of this word, let him take care to pronounce the
c like 5 only, and not like sh, which sound it necessarily has,
if t he accent be on the antepenultimate syllable See Rules 10
and 30.
11 Ssrapis. — There is not a dissenting voice among our pro*
odist? against the pronouncing of this word with the accent on
GREEK AND LATm PROPER NAMES.
975
SI
SI
SP
ST
su
ie-re-ni-a'nus
Sig-0-ves'sus
Sme'nus
Spar'ta-cus
Stil'po
Se-re'nu3
Si-gy'ni, Sig'u-nae
Smer'dis
Spar'tae, or Spar'ti
Stim'i-con
Ser-ge3'tU3
Si-gyn'n2B
Smi'iax
Spar-ta'ni, or
Stiph'i-lu3
Ser'gi-a
Si'Ia, or Sy'la
Smi'Iis
SpELr-ti-a't8B Q^
Sto-bae'us
Ser'gi-us
Si-Ia'na Ju'li-a
Smin-dyr'i-des
Spar-ti-a'nus
Stoecli'a-des
Ser-gi'o-lus*
Se-ri'phus
Si-la'nu3
Smin'the-usJ
Spe'chi-a l'^"
Sto'i-ci
Sil'a-ris
Smyr'na
Spen'di-us
Sto'ics (EniT.)
Ser'my-la
Si-le'nus
So-a'na
Spen'don
Stra'bo
yer-ra'nus
Sil-i-cen'se
So-an'da
Sper-chi'us 12
Stra-tar'chas
Se'ron
Sil'i-us l-tal'i-cus
So-a'ne3
Sper-ma-toph'a-gi
Stra'to, orStraton
Ser-to'ri-U3
Sil'phi-um
Soc'ra-tes
Speu-sip'pus
Slrat'o-cles
Ser-vae'us
Sil-va'nus
Soe'mi-as
Sphac-te'ri-ae
Strat-o-ni'ce
Ser-vi-a'nus
Sim-briv'i-us, or
Sog-di a'na
bphe'ru3
Stra-to-ni'cu3 30
Ser-vil'i-a
Sim-bruv'i-u3
Sog-di-a'nus
Sphinx
Stron'gy-le
Ser-vil-i-a'nu3
Si-me'thus, or
Sol'o-e, or So'li
Spho'dri-as
Stroph'a-des
Ser-vil'i-u3
Sy-me'thu3
So loe'is
Sphra-gid'i-um
Stro'phi-us
Ser'vi-us Tul'Ii-us
Sim'i-lEB
So' ion
Spi-cil'lu3
Stru-thoph'a-gi
Ses'a-ra
Sim'i-lis
So-lo'ni-um
Spin'tha-rus
.Stru'thus
Se-sos'tris
Sim'mi-as
So'lus
Spin'ther
Stry'ma
Ses'ti-us
Si 'mo
Sol'y-ma, and Sol'y-mffi
Spi'o
Strym'no
Ses'tos, or Ses'tus
Si 'mo-is
Som'nus
Spi-tam'e-nes
Stry'mon
Se-su'vi-i 3
Sim-o-is'i-us 10
Son'chis 12
Spi-thob'a-te3
Styg'ne
Set'a-bis
Si'mon
Son-ti'a-tes
Spith-ii-da'tC3
Stym-pha'li-a, or
Se'thoa
Si-mon'i-des
Sop'a-ter
Spo-Ie'ti-ura 10
Stym-pha'lis
Se'ti-a 10
Sim-plic'i-us 24
So'phax
Spor'a-desil 20
Stym-pha'lus
Seu'thes
Sim'u-lus
So-phe'ne 8
Spu-ri'na
Sty'ra
Se-ve'ra
Si'mus
Soph'o-cles
Spu'ri-us
Sty'rus
Se-ve-ri-a'nus
Sim'y-ra
Sin'di
Soph-o-nis'ba
Sta-be'ri-u3
Styx
Ss-ve'rusf
So-phron
Sta'bi-£e
Su-ar-do'ne3
Sex'ti-a
Sin-gae'i 3
So-phro'ni-a
Sta-gi'ra 1
Su-ba'lri-i 3 4
Sex-til'i-a
Si'nis
So-phron'i-cus$
Sta'i-us
Sub-lic'i-u3 34
Sex-til'i-u3
Sin'na-ces
Soph-ro-nis'cus
Staph'y-lu3
Sub'o-ta
Sex'ti-us
Sin'na-cha
So-phros'y-ne
Sta-san'der
Sub-ur'ra
Sex'tus
Sin'o-e
Sop'o-lis
Sta-sil'e-us 29
Su'cro
Si-bi'ni 3
Si'non
So'ra
Sta-til'i-a
Sues'sa
Si-bur'ti-us
Si-no'pe
So-rac'tes, and So-rac'te
Sta-til'i-u3
Sues'so-ncs
Si-byl'l8B
Si-no pe-us
So-ra'nu3
Stat'i-naj
Sue-to'ri-us
Si'ca
Sin'o-rix
So' rex
Sta-ti'ra
Sue'vi
Si-cam'bri, or
Sin'ti-i 3 4
So-rit'i-a 10
Sta'ti-us 10
Sue'vi-us
Sy-gam'bri 3
Sin-u-es'sa
So si-a Gal'la 10
Sta-sic'ra-ce3
Suf-fe'nus
Si-ca'ni 3
Siph'nos
So-sib'i-us
Sta'tor
Suf-fe'ti-us, or
Si-ca'ni-a
Si-pon'tum,Si'pus
Sos'i-cles
Stel-la'tes
Fu-fe'ti-us
Sic'e-lis
Sip'y-lum. and
So-sic'ra-tes
Stel'li-o
Sui'das^
Si-cel'i-des
Sip'y-lus
So-sig'e-nes
Ste'na
Suil'i-us
Si-chaa'us
Si-re'nes
So'si-i 3 10
Sten-o-boe'a
Sai'o-ne3
Si-cil'i-a
Si'rens (Eng.)
Sos'i-lus
Ste-noc'ra-tes
Sul'chi
Si-cin'i-us Den-ta'tus
Si'ris
So-sip'a-ter
Sten'tor
Sul'ci-us
Si-ci'nus
Sir'i-us
So'sia
Steph'a-na
Sul'rao, or Sul'mo-xia
Sic'o-rus
Sir'mi-um
So-sis'tra-tus
Steph'a-nus
Sul-pit'i-a
Sic'u-li 3
Si-sam'nes
So'si-us 10
Ster'o-pe
Sul-pit'i-us or
Sic'y-on
Sis'a-pho
Sos'the-nes
Ster'o-pes
Sul-pic'i-us 24
Sish'e-on
Sis'e-nes
Sos'tra-tu3
Ste-sich'o-rus
Su«m-ma'nu3
Sic-y-o'ni-a
Si-sen'na .
Sot'a-des
Ster-tin'i-us
Su'ni-ci
Sish-e-o'ne-a
Sis-i-gam'bis, or
So'ter
St8-sag'o-ra3
Su'ni-des
Si'de 8
Sis-y-gam'bis
So-te'ri-a
Stes-i-cle'a
iSu'ni-um
Si-de'ro
Sis-c-cos'tus
So-ter'i-cus
Ste-sim'bro-tus
Su-o-vet-au-ril'i-a
Sid-i-ci'num
Si3'y-phus
So'thi3
Slhen'e-le
Su'pe-rum ma're
Si'don
Si-tal'ces
So'ti-on 11
Sthen'e-lus
Su'ra iE-myl'i-us
Si-do'nis
Sith'ni-des
So'ti-u3 10
Sthe'nis
Su-re'na
Si do'ni-us
Si'thon
So'us
Sthe'no
Sur-ren'tum
Si'ga
Si-tho'ni-a
Soz'o-men
Sthen-o-boB'a
Su'rus
Si-g3e'um, or Si-ge'um
Sit'i-us 10 24
Spa'co
Stil'be, or Stil'bi-a
Su'sa
Sig'ni-a
Sit'o-nes
Ppai'ta
Stil'i-cho
Su'sa-na
the penultimate syllable ; and yet, to show the tendency of
English pronunciation, when a ship of this name had a des-
perate engagement with one of the i rench, which attracted
the attention of the public, every body pronounced it with
the accent on the first syllable. Milton has done the same in
his sublime description of the grandeurs of Pandemonium.
" Not Babylon
Nor great Alcairo such magnificence
Equal] 'd in all their glories to enshrine
Eelus or Serapis their gods ; or seat
Their kings, when Egypt with Assyria strove.
In wealth and luxury."
Par. Lost, b. i. v. 717.
* Sergiolus. — I find this word in no dictionary but Lem-
priere's, and there the accent is placed upon the penultimate
instead of the antepenultimate syllable.
t Severus. — This word, like Serapis, is universally mispro-
nounced, by the mere English scholar, with the accent on the
first syllable.
X Smivlheus. — This word, like Orpheus, and others of the
same form, has the accent on the first syllable ; but poets of.en
contract the two last syllables into one ; as Pope :
" O, Sinintheus, sprung from fair Latona's line.
Thou guardian pow'r of Cilia the divine 1"
See Idomeneus.
§ S^phronicus. — I find this word in no prosodist but Labbe ;
and he places the accent on -iie penultimate syllable, like most
other ■:voi-ds of this termination ; unless, says he, any one.
thinks it more likely to be derived from Sophron, than from
victory ; that is, by uniting a general termination to the root
of the word, than combining it with another word significant
of itself: but as there is a Greek adjective 'S.oxppoviKoi, sig-
nifying ordained by nature to temperance, it is much moio
piobable that Sophronicus is this adjective used substantively,
than that it should be compounded of Ew^pwv and vlkos, con-
quering temperance ; and therefore the antepenultimate ac-
cent seems preferable.
II Spoi-ades. — This word has the accent placed on the first
syllable by all our prosodists ; but a m.ere English ear is not
only inclined to place the accent on the second syllable, but to
pronounce the word as if it were a dissyllable, Spo-rades ; but
this is so gross an error, that it cannot be too carefully
avoided.
IT Suidas. — This word is generally heard, even among the
learned, in two syllables, as if written Sui-das. Labbe, how-
ever, makes it three syllables, and accents the first ; akJiough,
says he, by what right I know not, it is generally pronounced
with the accent on the penultimate. It may be observed,
that, if we place the accent on the first syllable, the i in the
second must be pronounced like e ; and that the general pro-
nunciation, whish Labbe complains of, that of placing tiie
accent on the second syllable, mast, in our English pronun-
ciation of Greek or Latin words, preserve the i in its long
open sound, as in idle ; if, therefo.e, we pronounce the i in
this manner, it is a sufficient proof that we place the accent
on the penultimate syllable ; which, though common, is. as
liabbe observes, wiiliout good authority.
y76
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
TA
Su-si-a'na. or Su's
Sii-sa'ri-on
Satri-om
oy-ag'rus
Sy-j'a-rn
Syb-a-ri'ta
Sijb'a-rite (Eng.)
Syb'o-tas
Sy-cin'iiua
Sv'e-ura
Sy-e'ne 8
S) « ne'si-us 10
Sy-ei-i'tes
Svg'a-ros
sHe'a
Syl'e-us
Syl'la
SyMis
tiyl'o-es
Syl'o-son
Syl-va'nus
Syl'vi-a
Syl vi-us
Sy'ma, or Sy'me
Sym'bo-liim
Syin'nia-cuu3
Sym-pleg'a-dea
Sy'inus
Syn-cel'lus
Sy-iic'si-us 10
Syn'ge-lu3
Syu'nas
Syn-na-lax'is
Syn'L.i3
Sy-no'pe
Syn'ty-che
Syphax
Sy phee'ura
Syra-ces
Syr-a-co'si-a 10
Syr-a-cu'see 8
Sij)-'a-cuse (Eng )
Syr'i-a
L-,-'i-inx
fcjyr-o-phce'nJx
Sy r-o-p hoe-ni- cea
t?vros
Syr^tns
Sy'rus
Sys-i-gam'bis
Sy-siui'e-thres
Svs'i-nas
Sv'thas
TA-ALT'TES
Tab'ra-ca
Ta-bnr'nus
Tac-fa-ri'nas
Ta-champ'so
Ta'chos, or Ta'chus
Tac'i-ta 24
Tac'i-tus 24
Tffi'di-a
Tffin'a-rus
Ta8'ni-as
Ta'ges
Ta-go'ni-us
Ta'gus
Ta-la'si-us 10
Tal'a-us
Ta-la'y-i-a 6
Tal'e-tum
Tal-tbyb'i-us
Ta'lus
Tam'a-rus
Ta inos
Ta-ma'se-a
TaEi'pi-us
Tani'y-ras
Tani'y-ris
TE
Tan'a-gra
Tan'a-gross or
Tan'a-ger
Tan'a-is
Tan'a-quil
Tdu-tal'i-des
Tan'ta-lus
Ta-nu'si-u3 Ger'mi
nus 10
Ta'pni-£B
Ta'phi-us
Ta'phi-u3, or
Ta-pbi-as'sus
Tap-rob'a-ne
Tap'sus
Tap'y-ri 3
Tar'a-nis
Ta'ras
Tar-ax-ip'pua
Tar-be] 'li 3
Tar-che'ti-us 10
Tar'chon
Ta-ren'tum, or
Ta-ren 'tus
Tar'nae
Tar' pa
Tar-pe'i-a 5
Tar-pe'i-us 5
Tar-quin'i-a
Tar-quin'i-i 3
Tar-quin'i-u3
Tar-quit'i-U3 27
Tar'qui-tus
Tar-ra-ci'na
Tar'ra-co
Tar-ru'ti-us 10
Tar'sa
Tar'si-us 10
Tar'sus, or Tar sos
Tar'ta-rus
Tar-tes'sus
Tar-un'ti-u3
Tas-ge'ti-us
Ta'ti-an
Ta-ti-en'ses
Ta'ti-u3 10
Tat'ta
Tau-lan'ti-i 3
Tau'nus
Tau-ra'ni-a
Tau-ran'tes
Tau'ri 3
Tau'ri-ca 7
Tau'ri-ca Cher-so-
ne'sus
Tau-ri'ni 3
Tau-ris'ei 3
Tau'ri-um
Tau-ro-min'i-um
Tau'rus
Tax'i-la
Tax'i-]us, or Tax'i-les
Tax-i-maq'ui-lus
Ta-yge-te, or
Ta-y-ge'te
Ta-yg'e-tus,* or
Ta-yg'e-ta
Te-a'num
Te'a-ru3
Te-a'tc-a, Te'a-te, or
Te-ge'a-te
Tech-mes'sa
Tech'na-tis
Tec'ta-mns
Tec-tos'a-ges, or
Tec-tos'a-gae
Te'ge-a, or Te-gse'a
Teg'u-la
Teg'y-ra 7
Te'i-us 5
Te'i-ura, or Te'os
Tel'a-mon
Tel-a-mo-ni'a-dea
Tel-chi'nes
TE
Tel-chin'i-a
Tel-chin'i-us
Tel'chis
Tele-a 7 19
Te-leb'o-a3
Te-leb'o-ae, or
Te-leb'o-es
Tel-e-bo'i-des
Te-lec'les, or Te-lec'lus
Tel-e-cli'des
Te-leg'o-nu3
Te-lem'a-chus
TePe-mus
Tel-e-pbas'sa
Tele-phus
Te-le'si-a 10
Te-les'i-clas
Tel-e-sil'la
Tel-e-sin'i-cu3
Tel-e-si'nus
Tel-e-sip'pus
Te-les'pho-rus
Tol-e-stag'o-ras
To-les'ias
Te-les'te3
Te-Ies'to
Tel'e-thu3
Tel-e-tha'sa
Te-leu'ri-as
Te-leu'ti-as
TeVla'ne
TeMi-as
Tel'lis
Tel'Ius
Tel-mes'sus, or
TeJ-mis'sus
Te'lon
Tel-thu'sa
To'lys 26
Te-nia'the-a
Te-me'ni-um
Tem-e-ni'tes
Tem'e-nu3
Tem-e-nn'da
Tem'e-sa
Tem'fc-se
Tem'nes
Tsm'nos
Tem'pe
Ten'e-do3
Te'nes 26
Ten'e-sis
Te'nos 26
Ten'ty-ra (Egypt)
Ten-ty'ra (Thrace)
Te'os, or Te'i-os
Te-re'don
Te-ren'ti-a
Te-ren-ti-a'nus
Te-ren'tU3
Te're-usj
Ter-ges'te, and
Ter-ges'tum
Te'ri-as 19
Ter-i-ba'zus
Te-rid'a-e 19
Ter-i-da'tes
Ter'i-gum
Ter-men'ti-a 10
Ter'me-rus 27
Ter-me'sus 27
Ter-mi-iia'li-a
Ter-mi-na'lis
Ter'mi-nus
Ter'mi-sus, or
Ter-mes'sus
Ter-pan'der
Terp-sich'o-re 8
Terp-sic'ra-te
Ter-ra-ci'na
Ter-ra-sid'i-us
Ter'ti-a 10
Ter'ti-us 10
Ter-tul-Ii-a'nu3
Til
Te'thys 26
Te-trap'o-Iis
Tet'ri-cus
Teu'cer
Teu'cri 3
Teu'cri-a
Teuc'te-ri 3
Teu-mes'sus
Teu'ta
Teu-ta'mi-as, or
Teu'ta-mis
Teu'ta-mus
Teu'tas, or Teu-ta'tes
Teu'thras
Teu-tom'a-tus
Teu'to-ni, and
Teu'to-nes
Tha-ben'na
Tha'is
TJia'la
Thal'a-me
Tha-!as'si-us
Tha'les
Tha-les'tri-a, or
Tha-les'tris
Tha-le'tes 27
Tha-li'a 30
Thal'pi-U3
Tham'y-ras
Tham'y-ris
Thar-ge'li-a
Tha-ri'a-des
Tha'rops 26
Thapsa-cus
Tha'si-us, or
Thrabi-U3 10
Tba'sos 26
Tha'sus
Thau-man'ti-as, and
Thau-man'tis
Thau'mas
Thau-ma'si-us
The 'a
The-ag'e-nes
The-a'ge3
The-a'no
The-a'num
The-ar'i-das
The-ar'nus
The-a-te'te3
The'bee 8
T/iebesX (Eng.)
Theb'a-is
The'be, or The'bae
The'i-a
The'i-as 5
Thel-e-phas'sa
Thel-Du'sa
Thelx-i'on 29
Thelx-i'o-pe
The-me'si-on 11
The'mis
The-mis'cy-ra
Them'e-nu3
Them'i-son
The-mis'ta
The-mis'ti-us
The-mis'to-cles
Tbem-i-stog'e-nes
The-o-cle'a
The'o-cles
The'o-clus
The-o-clym'e-nus
The-oc'ri-tu3
The-od'a-mas, or
Thi-od'a-mas
The-o-dec'tes
The-od-o-re'tus
The-od>o-ret (Eng.)
The-od-o-ri'tu3
The-o-do'ra
The-o-do'rus
The-o-do'si-u3 10
The-od'o-ta
TH
The-o-do'ti-on 11
The-od'o-tus
The-og-ne'tes
The-og'nis
The-orn-nes'tus
The'on
The-on'o-e 8
The'o-pe
The-oph'a-ne
The-oph'a-nes
The-o-pha'ni-a
The-oph'i-lus
The-o-phras'tus
The-o-pol ' e-mus
The-o-poni'pus
The-o-phy-lac'tus
The-oph'i-lact (Eng.)
The-o'ri-us
The-o-ti'mus
The-ox'e-na
The-ox-e'ni-a
The-ox-e'ni-us
The'ra
The-ram'bus
The-ram'e-nos
The-rap'ne, or
Te-rap'ne
The'ra3
The-rip 'pi-dag
Ther'i-tas
Taer'ma
Ther-mo'don
Ther-mop'y-la3
Ther'mus
The-rod'a-mas
The'ron
Ther-pan'der
Ther-san'der
Ther-sil'o-chus
Ther-sip'pus
Ther-si'tes 1
Thes-bi'tes
The-se'i-da3
The-se'is
The'se-us ^
The-si'dae
The-si'des
Thes-moph-o'ri-a
Thes-moth'e-tae
Thes-pi'a
Thes-pi'a-dae
Thes-pi'a-dea
Thes'pi-ae
Thes'pis
Thes' pi-US, or
Thes'ti-us
Thes-pro'ti-a 10
Thes-pro'tU3
Thes-sa'li-a
Thes-sa'li-on 29
Thes-sa-li'o-ti3
The3-sa-lo-ni'ca$ 30
Thes'sa-Jus
Thes'te
Thes'ti-a
Thes-ti'a-de, and
Thes-ti'a-des
Thes'ti-as
Thes'ti-us
Thes'tor
Thes'ty-lis
The'tis
Theu'tis, or Teu'thia
Thi'a
Thi'as
Thim'bron
Thi-od'a-mas
This 'be
This'i-as 10
Thi=, o-a
Tho-an'ti-um 10
TJio'as
Tho'e 8
Thorn' y-ris 19
* Taygetus and Taygete. — All our prosodists but Lempriere
accent tlTese ^vords on the antepenultimate syllable, as if di-
vided into Ta-yg'e-tus and T(i-yg'e-te. I am, therefore,
rather inclined to suppose the quantity marked in his diction-
ary an error of the press- The lines in Lily's QuiB Oenus
•will easily call to the recollection of every scholar how early
he adopted the antepenultimate pronunciation :
" Tartara, Taygetus, sic Teenera, Massica, et altus
Oarsirns "
f Tereus. — For words of this termination, see Idomeneus.
X Tliehes. — Thebes in Egypt was called Hecatom'pylos,
from having a hundred gates ; and Thebes in Greece Hep-
tap' ylos, from its seven gates.
§ Thessalonica. — This word, like every other of a similar
termination, is sure to be pronounced by a mere English schol-
ar with the accent on the third syllable; bat this must bo
avoided en pain of literary excomiBunication
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
^rn
TI
Tho'lus
Thon*
Tho'nis
Tho'on
Tho'o-sa
Tho-o'tes
Tho-ra'ni-us
Tho'rax
Tho'ri-a
Thor'nax
Thor'sus
Tho'us
Thra'ce
Thia'ces
riira'ci-a
Tfiracs (Eng.)
Thrac'i-dae 19
Thra'cis
Thra'se-as 11
Thra-sid'e-us
Thra'si-us 10
Thra'so
Thras-y-bu'lus
Thras-y-dae'u3
Thra-syl'lus
Thra-sym'a-chu3
Thras-y-me'des
Thras-y-me'nus
Thre-ic'i-us 24
Thre-is'sa
Threp-sip pas
Thri-am'bus
Thro'ni-um
Thry'on
Thry'us
Thu-cyd'i-des
Thn-is'to
Thule 8
Thu'ri-8B, or Thu'ri-um
Thu'ri-nus
Thus'ci-a 10
Thy'a
Thy'a-des
Thy'a-mis
Thy'a-na
Thy-a-ti'ra
Thy-bar'ni
Thy-es'ta
Thy-es'tes
Thym'bra
Thym-brsB'us
Thym'bris
Thym'bron
Thym'e-le
Thy-mi'a-this
Thy-moch'a-res
Thy-mos'tes
Thy-od'a-maa
Thy-o'ne
Thy-o'ne-us
Thy'o-tes ,
Thy're
Thyr'e-a
Thyr'e-us
Thyr'i-on 29
Thyr-sag'e-tae
Thys'sos
Thy'us
Ti'a-sa 1
Tib-a-re'ni
Ti-be'ri-as
Tib-e-ri'nus
Tl
Tib'e-ris
Ti-be'ri-ua
Ti-be'sis
Ti-bul'lus
Ti'bur
Ti-bui"ti-us 10
Ti-bur'tus
Tich'i-us 12
Tic'i-da
Ti-ci'nus
Tid'i-us
Ti-es'sa
Tif'a-ta
Ti-fer'num
Tig'a-sis
Tig-elli'nus 24
Ti-gel'li-us
Ti-gra'nes
Tig-ran-o-cer'ta
Ti'gres
Ti'gris
Tig-u-ri'ni 3
Til-a-tiE'i 4
Ti-mae'a
Ti-mae'us
Ti-mag'e-nes
Ti-mag'o-ras
Ti-man'dra
Ti-man'dri-des
Ti-man'thes
Ti-mar'chus 12
Tim-a-re'ta
Ti-ma'si-on 11
Tim-a-sith'e-us
Ti-ma'vus
Ti-me'si-us 11
Ti-mocb'a-ris 12
Tim-o-cle'a
Ti-nioc'ra-tes
Ti-mo'cre-on
Tim-o-de'mus
Tim-o-la'us
Ti-mo'le-on
Ti-mo'lus 13
Ti-mom'a-chus
Ti'mon
Ti-moph'a-nes
Ti-mo'the-us
Ti-mox'e-nus
Tin'gis
Ti'pha
Ti'phys
Ti,ph'y-sa
Ti-re'si-as 10
Tir-i-ba'ses
Tir-i-da'tes
Ti'ris 18
Ti'ro
Ti-ryn'thi-a
Ti-ryn'thu3
Ti-sae'um
Ti-sag'o-ras
Ti-sam'e-nes
Ti-san'drus
Ti-sar'chus 12
Ti-si'a-rus
Tis'i-as 10
Ti-siph'o-ne
Ti-siph'o-nus
Tis-sam'e-nus
Tis-sa-pher'nes
Ti-tae'a
TR
Ti'tan, Ti-ta'nus
Tit'a-na
Ti-ta'nes
Ti'tans (Eng.)
Ti-ta'ni-a
Ti-tan'i-des
Ti-ta'nus (a giant)
Tit'a-nus (a liver)
Tit-a-re'si-us 10
Tit'e-nus
Tith-e-nid'i-a
Ti-tho'nus
Tit'i-a 19
Tit-i-a'na 21
Tit-i-a'nus
Tit'i-i 3 19
Ti-thraus'tes
Ti-tin'i-us
Tit'i-us 10 19
Ti-tor'mus
Ti-tu'ri-us
Ti'tus
Tit'y-rus
Tit'y-us 19
Tle-pol'e-mus 16
Tma'rus
Tmo'lus 13
To-ga'ta
Tol'nii-des
To-lo'sa
To-lum'nus
To'lus
To-mae'um
Tom'a-rus 19
Tom'i-sa
To'mos, or To'mis
Tom'y-ris 19
To'ne-a
Ton-gil'li
To-pa'zos
Top'i-ris, or
Top'rus
Tor'i-ni 3
To-ro'ne
Tor-qua'ta
Tor-nua'tus
Tor 'tor
To'rus
Tor'y-ne
Tox-a-rid'i-a 19
Tox'e-us
Tox-ic'ra-te
Tra'be-a
Trach'a-Ius 12
Tra'chas
Tra-chin'i-a
Trach-o-ni'tis
Tra'gus
Traj-a-nop'o-lis
Tra-ja'nus
Tra'jan (Eng.)
Tral'les
Trans-tib-er-i'na
Tra-pe'zQs
Tra-sul'lus
Tre-ba'ti-us 10
Tre-bel-Ii-a'nus
Tre-bel-li-e'nus
Tre-bel'li-us
Tre'bi-a
Tre'bi-us
Tre-bo'ni-a
TU
Tre-bo'ni-u3
Treb'u-la 19
Tre'rus
Trev'e-ri 3
Tri-a'ri-a
Tri-a'ri-us
Tri-bal'li 3
Trib'o-ci
Tri-bu'ni
Tric-as-ti'ni 3
Tric'cae
Trick'se
Tri-cla'ri-a
Tri-cre'na
Tri-e-ter'i-ca
Trif-o-li'nus
Tri-na'cri-a, or
Trin'a-cris
Tri-no-ban'tes
Tri-oc'a-la, or
Tri'o-cla
Tri'o-pas or Tri'ops
Tri-phil'lis 1
Tri-phi'lns
Tri-phyl'i-a
Tripo-lis 19
Trip-tol'e-mus
Triq'ue-tra
Tris-me-gis'tus
Trit'i-a 10
Tr»t-o-ge-ni'a 30
Tri'ton
Tri-to'nis
Tri-um'vi-ri 4
Tri-ven'tum
Triv'i-a
Triv'i-aB An'trum
Triv'i-ae Lu'cus
Tri-vi'cum
Tro'a-des
Tro'as
Troch'a-ri
Troch'o-is 12
Troe-ze'ne
Trog'i-lus 24
Trog-lod'y-tae
Tro'gus Pom-pe'i-us
Tro'ja
Troy (Eng.)
Tro'i-lust
Trom-en-ti'na
Troph'i-mus
Tro-pho'ni-us
Tros
Tros'su-lum
Trot'i-lum
Tru-en'tum or
Tru-en-ti'num
Tryph'e-rus
Tryph-i-o-do'rus
Try'phon
Try-pho'sa
Tu'be-ro 19
Tuc'ci-a 10
Tuk'she-a
Tu'ci-a 10
Tu'der,orTu-der'ti-a 10
Tu'dri 3
Tu-gi'ni, or Tu-ge'ni
Tu-gu-ri'nus 22
Tu-is'to
Tu-lin'gi 3
TY
Tul'la
Tul'li-a
Tal-li'o-la
Tul'li-U3
Tu-ne'ta, or Tu'nia
Tun'gri
Tu-ra'ni-us
Tur'bo
Tur-de-ta'ni
Tu-re'sis
Tu'ri-U8
Tur'nus
Tu'ro-nes
Tur'pi-o
Tu-rul'li-us
Tus-ca'ni-a, and
Tus'ci-a 10
Tus'ci 3
Tus-cu-la'num
Tus'cu-lum
Tus'cus
Tu'ta
Tu'ti-a 10
Tu'ti-cum
Ty'a-na
Ty-a'ne-us,J or
Ty-a-nae'us
Ty-a-ni'tis
Ty'bris
Ty'bur
Ty'che 12
Ty'ke
Tych'i-cus 12
Tych'i-us 12
Ty'de
Tyd'e-us$
Ty-di'des
Ty-e'nis
Tym'ber
Ty-mo'lus
Tym-pa'ni-a
Tym-pbae'i 3
Tyn-dar'i-des
Tyn'da-ris
Tyn'da-rus
Tyn'ni-chus
Ty-phoe'us, or
Ty-phoe'os (sub.)
Ty-pho'e-us (adj.)
Ty'phon
Ty-ran-ni'on
Ty-ran'nus
Ty'ras, or Ty'ra
Ty'res
Tyr-i-da'tes
Tyr'i-i 4
Ty-ri'o-tes
Ty'ro
.Ty-rog'ly-phus
Ty'ros
Tyr-rhe'i-dae
Tyr-rhe'i-de3
Tyr-rhe'ni
Tyr-rhe'num
Tyr-rbe'nus
Tyr'rhe-us
Tyr-rhi'dae
Tyr'sis
Tyr-tae'us
Ty'rus, or Ty'ros
Tyre (Eng.)
Tys'i-as 10
* 77ion, a physician of Egypt. — Milton spells this word
with the final e, making it one syllable only, and consequently
pronouncing it so as to rhyme with tone :
" Not that Nepenthe, which the wife of Thone,
In Egypt, gave to Jove-born Helena,
Is of such power to stir up joy as this"
Comus.
t Troihis.— This word is almost always heard as if it were
two syllables only, and as if written Troy'lus. This is a cor-
ruption of the first magnitude : the vowels should be kept sepa-
'ate, as if written Tro'e-lus. — See Zoilhs.
X Tyaneus. — This word is only used as an adjective to Apol-
lonius, the celebrated Pythagorean philosopher, and is formed
from the town of Tyana, where ho was born. The natural
formation of this adjective would undoubtedly be Tyaneus,
with the accent on the antepenultimate syllable. Labbe, at
the word Tyana, says, " et inde deductum Tyaneus; quid-
quid sciam reclamare nonnullos sed immerito, ut satis norunt
eruditi "
The numberless authorities, which might be brought for
6-2
pronouncing this word either way, sufficiently show how equiv-
ocal is its accent, and of how little importance it is to which
we give the preference. My private opinion coincides with
Labbe ; but, as we generally find it written with the diph-
thong, we may presume the penultimate accent has prevailed,
and that it is the safest to follow.
$ Tydeus. — This word, like several others of the same ter-
mination, was pronounced by the Greeks sometimes in three
and sometimes in two syllables, the eu considered as a diph-
thong. When it was pronounced in three syllables, the penul"
timate syllable was long, and the accent was on it, as we find
it in a verse of Wilkie's Epigoniad .-
" Venus, still partial to the Theban arms,
Tydeus^ son seduc'd by female charms."
But the most prevailing pronunciation was that with the ante-
penultimate accent, as we generally find it in Pope's Homer :
" Next came Idomeneus and Tydeus* son,
Ajax the less, and Ajax Telamon."
Pope's Horn. b. 11. v. 50.
See Idomeneus.
978
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
VE
u.
U'BI-I 4
U-cal'e-gon
U'cu-bis
U'fens
Uf-en-ti'na
Ul-pi-a'nu3
Ul'pi-an (Eng. )
U'lu-brae
U-lys'ses
Um'ber
Um'bra
Um'bri-a
Um-brig'i-us 24
Um'bro
Un'ca
Ua'chae
Un-de-cem'vi-ri 3
U-nel'li 3
LTnx'i-a
U-ra'ai-a
U-ra'ni-i, or U'ri-i
U'ra-nua
Ur-bic'u-a
Ur'bi-pus
U'ri-a
U'ri-tes
Ur-sid'i-us
Us-ca'na
U-sip'e-tes, or
U-sip'i-ci ?
Us-ti'ca
U'ti-ca
Ux-el-lo-du num
Ux'i-i 3
Ux-is'a-ma
U'zi-ta
VAC-C^'I 3
Va-cu'na
Va'ga
Vag-e-dru'sa
Va-gel'li-us
Va-ge'ni 3
Va'la
Va'lens
Va-len'ti-a 10
Val-en-tin-i-a'nus
Val-en-tin'i-an (Eng.)
Va-le'ri-a
Va-le-ri-a'nus
Va-le'ri-an (Eng.)
Va-le'ri-us
Val'e-rus
Val'gi-us
Van-da 'li-i 3 4
Van-gi'o-nes
Van'ni-ua
Va-ra'nes
Var-dBB'i
Va'ri-a
Va-ri'ni 3
Va-ris'ti
Va'ri-U3
Var'ro
Va'rus
Vas-co'nes
Vat-i-ca'nus
Va-tin'i-u9
Vat-i-e'nus
Vec'ti-ua 10
VE
Ve'di-us Pol'li-o
Ve-ge'ti-us 10
Ve'i-a
Ve-i-a'nus
Ve-i-en'tes
Ve-i-en'to
Ve'i-i 3
Vej'o-vis
Ve-la'brum
Ve-la'ni-us
Ve'Ii-a
Vel'i-ca
Ve-li'na
Ve-li'num
Ve-li-o-cas'si 3
Vel-i-ter'na
Ve-li'trae
Vel'la-ri 3
Vel'le-da
Vel-le'i-us
Ve-na'frum*
Ven'e-di
Ven'e-li
Ven'e-ti 3
Ve-ne'ti-a 10
Ven'ice (Eng.)
Ven'e-tus
Ve-nil'i-a
Ve-no'ni-us
Ven-tid'i-us
Ven'ti 3
Ven-u-Ie'i-us
Ven'u-lus
Ve'nus
Ve-nu'si-a, or
Ve-nu'si-um 10
Ve-ra'gri
Ve-ra'ni-a
Ve-ra'ni-us
Ver-big'e nus
Ver-cel'lsB
Ver-cin-get'o-rix
Ver e'na
Ver-gil'i-a
Ver-gas-il-lau'nus
Ver-gel'lus
Ver-gil'i-ae
Ver-gin'i-u9
Ver'gi-um
Ver-go-bre'tus
Ver'i-tas
Ver-o-doc'ti-us 10
Ver-o-man'du-i
Ve-ro'na
Ve-ro'nes
Ver-o-ni'ca 30
Ver-re-gi'num
Ver'res, C.
Ver'ri-tus
Ver'ri-us
Ver-ru'gof
Ver'ti-co
Ver-ti-cor'di-a
Ver-tis'cus
Ver-tum'nus
Ver-u-la'nus
Ve'rus
Ves'bi-us, or
Ve-su'bi-us
Ves-ci-a'num
Ves-pa-si-a'nus
Ves-pa'si-an (Eng.)
Ves-cu-la'ri-us
Ves'e-ris
Ve-se'vi-us, and
Ve-se'vus
Ves'ta
vo
Ves-ta'les
Ves-ta'Ii-a
Ves-tic'i-us 24
Ves-til'i-us
Ves-til'la
Ves-ti'ni 3
Ves-ti'nus
Ves'u-lus
Ve-su'vi-us
Vet'ti-us
Vet-to'nes
Vet-u-lo'ni-a
Ve-tu'ri-a
Ve-tu'n-us
Ve'tus
Vi-bid'i-a
Vi-bid'i-us
Vib'i-us
Vi'bo
Vib-u-le'nus
Vi-bul'li-us
Vi'ca Po'ta
Vi-cen'ta, or
Vi-ce'ti-a 10
Vi-cel'li-us
Vic 'tor
Vic-to'ri-a
Vic-to'ri-us
Vic-to-ri'na
Vic-to-ri'nus
Vic-tum'vi-3e
Vi-en'na
Vil'li-a
Vil'li-us
Vim-i-na'lis
Vin-cen'ti-us 10
Vin'ci-us
Vin-da'li-us
Vin-del'i-ci 4
Vin-de-mi-a'tor
Vin'dex Ju'li-us
Vin-dic'i-us 10
Vin-do-nis'sa
Vi-nic'i-us 10
Vi-nid'i-us
Vin'i-us
Vin'ni-us
Vip-sa'ni-a
Vir'bi-us
Vir-gil'i-us
Virigil (Eng.)
Vir-gin'i-a
Vir-gin'i-us
Vii-i-a'thus
Vir-i-dom'a-ru3
Vi-rip'Ia-ca
Vir'ro
Vir'tus
Vi-sel'li-us
Vi-sel'lus
Vi-tel'li-a
Vi-tel'li-us
Vit'i-a 10
Vit'ri-cus
Vi-tru'vi-u3
Vit'u-la
Vo-co'ni-a
Vo-co'ni-us
Vo-con'ti-a 10
Vog'e-sus
Vol-a-gin'i-us
Vo-la'na
Vo-lan'dum
Vol-a-ter'ra
Vol'cae, or Vol'gae
Vo-log'e-ses
Vo-log'e-sus
XY
Vol'scens
Vol'sci, or Vol'ci
Vol-sin'i-um
Vol-tin'i-a
Vo-lum'nas Fa 'num
Vo-lum'ni-a
Vo-lum'nus
Vo-lum'ni-us
Vo-lup'tas, and
Vo-lu'pi-a
Vol-u-se'nus
Vo-lu-si-a'nus
Vo-lu'si-us 10
Vol'u-sus
Vo'lux
Vo-ma'nus
Vo-no'nes
Vo-pis'cuB
Vo-ra'nus
Vo-ti-e'nus 22
Vul-ca-na'li-a
Vul-ca'ni
Vul-ca'ni-us
Vul-ca'nus
Vul'can (Eng.)
Vul-ca'ti-us 10
Vul-si'num
Vul'so
Vul'tu-ra
Vul-tu-re'i-us
Vul-tu'ri-us
Vul-tur'num
Vul-tur'nus
XAN'THE 17
Xan'thi
Xan'thi-a
Xan'thi-ca
Xan-thip'pe
Xan-thip'pus
Xan'tho
Xan-tho-pu'IU8
Xan'thus
Xan'ti-cles
Xan-tip'pe
Xan-tip'pus
Xe-nag'o-ras
Xe-nar'chus
Xen'a-res
Xen'e-tus
Xe'ne-ua
Xe-ni'a-des
Xe'ni-ua
Xen-o-cle'a
Xen'o-clea
Xen-o-cli'des
Xe-noc'ra-tea
Xe-nod'a-mus
Xe-nod'i-ce
Xe-nod'o-chus
Xen-o-do'rus
Xe-nod'o-tus
Xe-noph'a-nea
Xe-noph'i-lus
Xen'o-phon
Xen-o-phon-ti'U3
Xen-o-pi-thi'a
Xerx'es 17
Xeu'xes
Xn'thus
Xy'chua
Xyn'i-aa
Xyn-o-ich'i-a
ZY
ZAB'A-TUS 19 27
Zab-di-ce'ne
Za-bir'na
Zab'u-lus
Za-cyn'thua
Za-grae'us
Za'grus
Zal'a-tea 19
Za-leu'cu3
Za'ma, or
Zag'ma
Za'me-is
Za-mol'xis
Zan'cle
Zan'the-nes
Zan'thi-cles
Za'rax
Zar-bi-e'nu3
Zar-i-as'pes
Za'theB
Ze-bi'na
Ze'Ia, or
Ze'li-a
Ze'le3
Ze-lot'y-pe
Ze'lu3
Ze'no
Ze-no'bi-a
Zen'oHiloa
Zen-o-cli'des
Zpn-o-do'rus
Zen-o-do'ti-a
Ze-nod'o-tu8j
Ze-noth'e-mis
Ze-noph'a-nc8
Ze-phyr'i-um
Zeph'y-rus
Zeph'y-rum
Ze-ryn'thus
Ze'thes, or
Ze'tus
Zeu-gi-ta'na
Zeug'ma
Ze'ua
Zeux-id'a-mu9
Zeux'i-daa
Zeu-xip'pe
Zeu'xis
Zeu'xo
Zi-gi'ra
Zil'i-a, or Ze'lis
Zi-myri
Zi-ob'e-ris
Zi-pae'tes
Zmil'a-cea 16
Zo'i-ius$ 29
Zo-ip'pus
Zo'na
Zon'a-ra3
Zoph'o-rus
Zo-pyr'i-o
Zo-pyr'i-on
Zop'y-ru3 19
Zor-o-as'ter
Zos'i-mu3
Zos'i-ne
Zos-te'ri-a
Zo-thraus'tes
Zy-gan'te3
Zyg'e-na
Zyg'i-a
Zy-gom'a-la
Zy-gop'o-lis
Zy-gri'tre
* Venafrum. — Though the accent may be placed either on
the antepenultimate or the penultimate syllable of this word,
the latter is by far the preferable, as it is adopted by Lem-
priere, Labbe, Gouldman, and other good authorities.
f Verrugo. — I have given this word the penultimate accent
with Lempriere, in opposition to Ainsworth, who adopts the
antepenultimate.
X Zenodotus, — All our prosodists but Lempriere give this
word the antepenultimate accent j and, till a good reason le
given why it should diflbr from Herodotus^ I must beg leave to
follow the majority.
$ Zoilus. — The two vowels in this word are alway3 sepa-
rated in the Greek and Latin, but in the English pronunciation
of it they arc frequently blended into a diphthong, as in the
words oil, boil, &c This, however, is an illiterate pronun-
ciation, and should be avoided. The word should have three
syllables, and bo pronounced as if written Zo'e-lus
GUEEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
979
I5Y inspecting the foregoing Vocabulary, we see that, not-
^viihstanding all the barriers with which the learned have
guarded the accentuation of the dead languages, still some
words there are which despise their laws, and boldly adopt
the analogy of English pronunciation. It is true, the catalogue
of these is not very numerous ; for, as an error of this kind
incurs the penalty of being tliought illiterate and vulgar, it is
no wonder that a pedantic adherence to Greek and Latin
snould, in doubtful cases, be generally preferred.
But as the letters of the dead languages have insensibly
changofl their sound by passing into the living ones, so it is
impoesible to preserve the accent from sliding sometimes into
tho analoffieii of our own tongue ; and when once words of this
kind are fixed in the public ear, it is not only a useless, but a
pernicious pedantry to disturb them. Who could hear without
pity of Alexander's passing the river Gh-ani'cus, or of his mar-
rying the sister of Parys'atis 7 These words, and several others,
must bo looked upon as planets shot from their original spheres,
and moving round another centre.
After all the care, therefore, that has been taken to accent
words according to the best authorities, some have been found
so differently marked by different prosodists, as to make it no
easy matter to know to which we shall give the preference
In this case, I have ventured to give my opinion, without pre-
suming to decide, and merely as an 'HvwriKov, or Interim, till
the learned have pronounced the final sentence.
PREFACE
TO THE
TERMINATIOWAL VOCABULARY.
TAKING a retrospective view of language, or surveying it
in its terminations, affords not only a new but an advantage-
ous view of all languages. The necessity of this view in-
duced me, several years ago, to arrange the whole English
language according to its terminations ; and this arrangement
I found of infinite use to me in consulting the analogies of our
tongue. A conviction of its utility made me desirous of ar-
ranging the Greek and Latin proper names in the same manner,
and more particularly as the pronunciation of these languages
depends more on the termination of words than any other we
are acquainted with. Of such utility is this arrangement sup-
posed to be in the Greek language, that the son of the famous
Hoogeven, who wrote on the Greek particles, has actually
printed such a dictionary, which only waits for a preface to
be published. The labor of such a selection and arrange-
ment must have been prodigious ; nor is the task I have un-
dertaken in the present work a slight one ; but the idea of ren-
dering tlie classical pronunciation of proper names still more
easy, encouraged me to persevere in the labor, however dry
and fatiguing.
I flattered myself I had already promoted this end, by di-
viding the proper names into syllables upon analogical prin-
ciples ; but hoped I could still add to the facility of recollect-
ing their pronunciation by the arrangement here adopted ;
which, in the first place, exhibits the accent and quantity of
every word by its termination.
In the next place, it shows the extent of this accentuation,
by producing, at one view, all the words differently accented,
by which means may be formed tlie rule and the exception.
Thirdly, wlien the exceptions are but few, and less apt to be
regarded, by seeing them contrasted with the rule, they are
imprinted more strongly on the memory, and are the more easi-
ly recollected. Thus, by seeing that Sperchius, Xenophontius,
and Darius, are the only words of that very numerous termi-
nation which have the accent on the penultimate, we are at
perfect ease about all the rest.
Fourthly, by seeing that all words ending in enes have uni-
versally the antepenultimate accent, we easily recollect that
the pronunciation of Eumenes with the accent on the penulti-
mate is radically wrong, and is only tolerated because adopted
by some respectable writers. Thus, too, the numerous termi-
nation in ades is seen to be perfectly antepenultimate ; and the
ambiguous termination in ides is freed in some measure from
its intricacy, by seeing the extent of both forms contrasted.
This contrast, without being obliged to go to Greek etymolo-
gies, shows at one view when this termination has the accent
M the penultimate i, as in Tydides, and when it transfers the
accent to the antepenultimate, as in Thucydides ; which de-
pends entirely on the quantity of the original word from which
these patronymics are formed.
And, lastly, when the number of words pronounced with a
different accent are nearly equal, we can at least find some way
of recollecting their several accentuations better than if they
were promiscuously mingled with all the rest of the words in the
language. By frequently repeating them as they stand together,
the ear will gain a habit of placing the accent properly, with-
out knowing why it does so. In short, if Labbe's CathoUci
Indices, which is in the hands of all the learned, be useful for
readily finding the accent and quantity of proper names, the
present Index cannot fail to be much more so, as it aot only
associates them by their accent and quantity, but according to
their termination also ; and by this additional association it
must necessarily render any diversity of accent more easily
perceived and remembered.
To all which advantages it may be added, that this arrange-
ment has enabled me to point out the true sound of every ter-
mination ; by which means those who are totally unacquaint-
ed with the learned languages will find themselves instructed
in tho true pronunciation of the final letters of every word, as
well as its accent and quantity.
It need scarcely be observed, that, in the following Index,
almost all words of two syllables are omitted; for, as dissyl-
lables in the Greek and Latin languages are always pronounced
with the accent on the first, it was needless to msert them.
The same may be observed of such words as have the vowel in
the penultimate syllable followed by two consonants ; for, in
this case, unless the former of these consonants was a mute,
and the latter a liquid, the penultimate vowel was always long,
and consequently always had the accent. This analogy takes
place in our pronunciation of words from the Hebrew ; which,
with the exception of some few that have been Anglicised,
such as Bethlehemite, JVazarene, &c,, have the accent, like
the Greek and Latin words, either on the penultimate or ante-
penultimate syllable.
It might have been expected that I should have confined
myself to the insertion of proper names alone, without bring-
ing in the gentile adjectives, as they are called, which are de-
rived from them. This omission would, undoubtedly, have
saved me immense trouble ; but these adjectives, being some-
times used as substantives, made it difficult to draw the !ine ;
and, as the analogy of accentuation was, in some measure, con-
nected with these adjectives, I hoped the trouble of collecting
and ai ranging them would not be entirely thrown away.
TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARY
OP
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
ABAA,* Nausicaa.
BA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ababa, Desudaba, Alaba, Allaba, Aballaba, Cillaba, Adeba,
Abnoba, Onoba, Arnoba, Ausoba, Hecuba, Gelduba, Cordu-
ba, Voluba, Rutuba.
ACA ECA ICAt OCA UCA YCA
Accent the Penultimate.
Cleonica, Thessalonica, Veronica, Noctiluca, Donuca.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ithaca, Andviaca, Malaca, Tabraca, Mazaca, Seneca,
Cyrenai'ca, Belgica, Georgica, Cabalica, Italica, Maltilica,
Bellica, Laconica, Leonica, Marica, Marmarica, Conimbrica,
Merobrica, Mirobrica, Cetobrica, Anderica, America, Africa,
Arborica, Aremorica, Armorica, Norica, Tetrica, Asturica,
Illyrica, Nasica, Esica, Corsica, Athatica, Bogtica, Ceretica,
Anaitica, Celtica, Salmantica, Cyrrliestica, Ustica, Utica,
Engravica, Oboca, Amadoca, Aesyca, Mutyca.
DA
Accent the Penultimate.
Abdeda, Hecameda, Diomeda, Amida, Actrida.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Aada, AJada, Symada, Bagrada, Suada, Idubeda, Andro-
meda, Ceneda, Agneda, Voneda, Candida, Egida, Anderida,
Florida,! Pisida.
^A
Accent the Penultimate.
Dicaea, Nicsea, and all words of this termination.
EA
Accent the Penultimate.
Laodicea, Stratonicea, Cymodocea, Medea, Ligea, Argea,
Amathea, Alphea, Erythea, Ethalea, Malea, Heraclea, Am-
phiclea, Theoclea, Agathoclea, Androclea, Euryclea, Penthe-
eilea, Achillea, Asbamea, Alcidamea, Cadmea, Elimea, ^nea,
Mantinea, Maronea, Chaeronea, ^pea, Barea, Caesarea, Neo-
CBBsarea, Cytherea, Ipsea, Hypsea, Galatea, Platea, Myrtea
(a city).
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Pharnacea, Ardea, Tegea, ^thea, Dexithea, Leucothea,
Alea, Doclea, Dioclea, Elea, Marcellea, Demea, Castanea,
Aminea, Ficulnea, Albunea, Boea, Clapea or Clypea, Abar-
barea, Chaerea, Verrea, Laurea, Thyrea, Rosea, Odyssea,
Etea, Tritea, Myrtea (a name of Venus), Butea, Abazea.
CEA
Accent the Penultimate.
MeliboBa, Euboea, and all words of this termination.
* As the accent is never on the last syllable of Greek or
Latin proper names, the final a must be pronounced as in Eng-
lish words of this termination ; that is, nearly as the interjec-
tion ah ! — See Rule 7, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary.
■j- Of all the words ending in tea, Cleonica. Veronica, and
Thessalonica, are the only three which have the. penultimate
accent. — See Rule the 29th, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary,
and the words Andronicus and Sophronicus.
:f Labbe tels us that some of the most learned men pro-
nounce this part of America with the accent on the penulti-
mate syllable.
\VThe vowels in this termination do not form a diphthong.
The accent is upon the first a, the i is pronounced like y con-
sonant in year, and the final a nearly like the a in father, or
the interjection ah .'—See Rule 7
II Words of this termination have the cia pronounced as if
written sAe-a.— See Rule 10, prefixed to the Initial Vocabvn
lary.
IT See Rule 30, and the word in the Initial Vocabulary.
** Sea Iphiqenia, in the Initial Vocabulary.
GA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abaga, Bibaga, Ampsaga, Aganzaga, Noega, Arabnga,
Aobriga, Segobriga, Co^iobriga, Flaviobriga.
HA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Malacha, Pyrrhica, Adatha, Agatha, Badenatha, Abara-
tha, Monumetha.
AIA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Achaia,$ Panchaia, Aglaia, Maia.
BIA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Arabia, Trebia, Contrebia, Albia, Balbia, Olbia, Coryra-
bia, Zenobia, Coraubia.
CIAIJ
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Nicacia, Dacia, Salacia, Wormacia, Thaumacia, Connacia,
Ambracia, Thracia, Samothracia, Artacia, Accia, Gallacia,
Graecia, Voadicia, Vindelicia, Cilicia, Libyphoenicia, Aricia,
Chalcia, Francia, Provincia, Cappadocia, Porcia, Muscia,
Ascia, Iscia, Thuscia, Boruscia, Seleucia,ir Tucia, Lycia.
DIA
Accent the Penultimate.
Iphimedia,** Laomedia, Protomedia.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Badia, Arcadia, Leucadia, Media, Iphimedia, Nicomedia,
Polymedia, Eporedia, Corsedia, Suedia, Fordicidia, Numidia,
Canidia, Japidia, Pisidia, Gallovidia, Scandia, India, Burgun-
dia, Ebodia, Clodia, ^rodia, Longobardia, Cardia, Verticor-
dia, Concordia, Discordia, Herephordia, Claudia, Lydia.
EIA
Accent the Penultimate.
Elegeia,tt Hygeia, Antheia, Cartheia, Aquileia, Pompeia,
Deiopeia, Tarpeia, Carteia.
GIA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Sphagia, Lagia, Athanagia, Norvigia, Cantabrigia, Orngia,
Langia, Eningia, Finningia, Lotharingia, Turingia, Sergia,
Orgia, Pelasgia, Fugia, Rugia, Ogygia, Jopygia, Phrygia,
Zygia.
HIA
Accent the Penultimate.
Sophia, Anthia, Erythia, Xenopithia.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Valachia, Lysimachia, Centauromachia, Inachia, Xynsi
tt The ancients sometimes separated the vowels ei in this
termination, and sometimes pronounced them as a diphthong.
The general mode of pronouncing them, with us, is to consider
them as a diphthong, and to pronounce it as long or double e ;
which, from its squeezed sound, approaches to the initial y,
and makes these words pronounced as if written El-e-je^yah,
Hy-je^yah, &c. This is the pronunciation which ought to be
adopted ; but scholars, who are fond of displaying their
knowledge of Greek, will be sure to pronounce Elegeia, Hyge-
ia, or rather Hygieia, Antheia, and Deiopeia, with the diph-
thong like the noun eye y while Cartheia, or Carteia, Aquileia,
Pompeia, and Tarpeia, of Latin original, are permitted to
have their diphthongs sounded like double e, or, which is near-
ly the same thing, if the vowels are separated, to sound the e
long as in equal, and the i a.s y consonant, articulating the
final a. — See note on Achaia.
For a more complete idea of the sound of this diphthong,
see the word Pleiades, in the Initial Vocabulary. To
which observations we may add, that, when this diphthong
in Greek is reduced to the single long i in Latin, as in
Iphigenia, Elegia, &lc. it is pronounced like single i, that is
like the noun eye.
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
981
chia, Antiochia, Amphilochia, Munychia, Philadelphia, Apos-
trophia, Scarphia, Acryphia, Emathia, ^mathia, Alethia,
Hyacinthia, Carinthia, Tyrinthia, Cynthia, Tyrynthia, Par-
thia, Scythia, Pythia
L.IA
Accent the Penultimate.
Thalia, Aristoclia, Basilia.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
CEbalia, Fornicalia, Lupercalia, Acidalia, Vandalia, Po-
dalia, Megalia, Robigalia, Fugalia, GEchalia, Westphalia,
^Dthalia, Alalia, Vulcanalia, Paganalia, Bacchanalia, Ter-
minalia, Fontinalia, Vertumnalia, Portumnalla, Agonalia,
Angeronalia, Saturnalia, Faunalia, Portunalia, Opalia, Lib-
eralia, Feralia, Floralia, Lemuralia, Salia, Pharsalia,
Thessalia, jiEtalia, Italia, Compitalia, Carmontalia, Lauren-
talia, Castalia, Attalia, Psytalia, Mamblia, -iElia, Coelia, Be-
iia, Celia, Decelia, Agelia, Helia, Cornelia, Cloelia, Aspelia,
Cerelia, Aurelia, Velia, Anglia, Ceecilia, Sicilia, TEgilia,
Cingilia, Palilia, Emilia, ^nilia, Venilia, Parilia, Basilia,
Absilia, Hersilia, Massilia, Atilia, Anatilia, Petilia, Antilia,
duintilia, Hostilia, Cutilia, Aquilia, Servilia. Elaphobolia,
Ascolia, Padolia, iSolia, Folia, Natoiia, Anatolia, iEtolia,
Nauplia, Daulia, Figulia, Julia, Apulia, Gsetulia, Getulia,
Triphylia, Pamphylia.
MIA
Accent the Penultimate.
Deidamia,* Laodamia, Hippodamia, Astydamia, Apamia,
Hydramia.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Lamia, Mesopotamia, Cadmia, Academia, Archidemia,
Eudemia, Isthmia, Holmia, Posthumia.
NIA
Accent the Penultimate.
Amphigenia, Iphigenia,! Tritogenia, Lasthenia.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Albania, Sicania, Hyrcania, Arcania, Lucania, Dania, Co-
dania, Dardania, Epiphania, Alania, Mania, Carmania, Ger-
mania, Normania, Cinnania, Acarnania, Campania, Hispania,
Pomerania, Afrania, Urania, Bassania, Actania, Edetania,
Laletania, Occitania, Ossigitania, Mauritania, Lusitania,
Titania, Sexitania, Alentania, Contestania, Mevania, Lith-
uania, I'ransilvania, Azania, ^Enia, Actsenia, Aberdenia,
Isehenia, Tyrrhenia, Parthenia, Diogenia, Menia, Acheeme-
nia, Armenia, Nenia, Nosnia, Poenia, Cebrenia, Senia, Ar-
nagnia, Signia, Albinia, Lacinia, Dinia, Sardinia, Fulginia,
Virginia, Bechinia, Machlinia, Ciminia, Eleusinia, Tinia,
Lavinia, Mervinia, Lamnia, Lycemnia, Polyhymnia, Ale-
mannia, Britannia, Fescennia, Aonia, Lycaonia, Chaonia,
Catalonia, Laconia, Glasconia, Adonia, Macedonia, Marce-
slonia, Caledonia, Mygdonia, Aidonia, Asidonia, Posidonia,
Abbendonia, Herdonia, Laudonia, Cydonia, Maeouia, Pasonia,
Pelagonia, Paphlagonia, Aragonia, Antigonia, Sithonia,
[onia, Agrionia, Avalonia, Aquilonia, Apollonia, Colonia,
Polonia, Populonia, Vetulonia, Babylonia, Acmonia, ^mo-
nia, Heemonia, Tremonia, Ammonia, Harmonia, Codanonia,
Binonia, Pannonia, Bononia, Lamponia, Pomponia, Cronia,
Feronia, Sophronia, Petronia, Antronia, Duronia, Turonia,
Ceesonia, Ausonia, Latonia, Tritonia, Boltonia, Ultonia,
Hantonia, Vintonia, Wintonia, Bistonia, Plutonia, Favonia,
Sclavonia, Livonia, Arvonia, Saxonia, Exonia, Sicyonia,
Narnia, Sarnia, Dorebernia, Hibernia, Cliternia, Lindisfor-
nia, Vigornia, Wigornia, Liburnia, Calphurnia, Saturnia,
Pornia, Daunia, Ceraunia, Acroceraunia, Junia, Clunia, Nep-
tunia, Ercynia, Bithynia, Macrynia.
OIA
Latbia.
Accent the Antepenultimate ,
PI A
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Apia, Salapia, Manapia, Messapia, Asclipia, Lampia,
Olympia, Ellopia, Dolopia, CEnopia, Cecropia, Mopsopia,
Appia, Lappia, Oppia, Luppia, Antuerpia.
RIA
Accent the Penultimate.
Daria.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Aria, Baria, Fabaria, Columbaria, Barbaria, Caria, Fica-
ria, Calcaria, Sagaria, Megaria, Hungaria, Pharia, Salaria,
Hilaria, Allaria, Mallaria, Sigillaria, Anguillaria, Samaria, |
Palmaria, Planaria, Enaria, M8Bnaria,'Gallinaria, Asinaria,
Carbonaria, Chaunaria, Colabraria, Agraria, Diocaesaria,
* See Rule 30.
t See this word in the Initial Vocalulary.
X For the accent of this word and Alexandria^ See Rule 30,
prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary.
$ The s, in this termination, when preceded by a vowel,
Pandataria, Cotaria, Nivaria, Antiquaria, Cervaria, Petua-
ria, Argentuaria, Calabria, Cantabria, Cambria, Sicambria,
Fimbria, Mesembria, Umbria, Cumbria, Solymbria, Abobria,
Amagetobria, Trinacria, Teucria, Molycria, Adria, Hadria,
Geldria, Andria, Scamandria, Anandria, Cassandria, Alexan-
dria, ^ria, Egeria, Aeria, Faberia, Iberia, Celtiberia, Luce-
ria, Nuceria, Egeria, yEtheria, Elutheria, Pieria, Aleria,
Valeria, Ameria, Numeria, Neria, Casperia, Cesperia, Hes-
peria, Hyperia, Seria, Fabrateria, Compulteria, Astoria, An-
thesteria, Faveria, Lhoegria, Iria, Liria, Equiria, Oschoforia,
Daphnephoria, Themophoria, Anthesphoria, Chihnoria, West -
moria, Eupatoria, Anactoria, Victoria, Pretoria, Arria, A
tria, Eretria, I eltria, Conventria, Bodotria, CEnotria, Cestria,
Cicestria, Circestria, Thalestria, Istria, Austria, Industria,
Tublustria, Uria, Calauria, Isauria, Curia, Dnna, Manduria,
Furia, Liguria, Remuria, Etruria, Hetruria, Turia, Apatu-
ria, Boeturia, Beturia, Asturia, Syria, Coelesyria, Coelosyrip,
Leucosyria, Assyria.
SIA$
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Asia, Chadasia, Lasia, Seplasia, Amasia, Aspasia, Thera-
sia, Agirasia, Austrasia, Anastasia, Arbsia, iEsia, Caesia,
Msesia, ^desia, Anemesia, M-agnesia, Mcesia, Merpesia, ^
Ocresia, Euphratesia, Artesia, Suesia, Bisia, CaJisia, Provi
sia, Hortensia, Chenobosia, Leucosia, Pandosia, Theodosia,
Arachosia, Orthosia, Rosia, Thesprosia, Sosia, Lipsia, Nupsia,
Persia, Nursia, Tolassia, Cephissia, Russia, Blandusia, Clu-
sia, Ampelusia, Anthemusia, Acherusia, Perusia, Bysia, Sicy-
sia, Mysia, Dionysia.
TIA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Sabatia, Ambatia, Latia, Calatia,Galatia, Collatia, Dalma-
tia, Sarmatia, Egnatia, Aratia, Alsatia, Actia, Ca)tia, RhsB-
tia, Anaetia, Vicetia, Peucetia, Pometia, Anetia, Clampetia,
Lucretia, Cyretia, Setia, Lutetia, Helvetia, Uzetia, Phiditia,
Angitia, Androlitia, Sulpitia, Naritia, Delgovitia, Baltia,
Bantia, Brigantia, Murgantia, Almantia, Numantia, Aperan-
tia, Constantia, Placentia, Picentia, Lucentia, Fidentia, Di-
gentia, Morgentia, Valentia, Pollentia, Polentia, Terentia,
Florentia, Laurentia, Consentia, Potentia, Faventia, Conflu-
entia, Liquentia, Druentia, Cluintia, Pontia, Acherontia,
Alisontia, Moguntia, Scotia, BoBotia, Scaptia, Martia, Tertia,
Sebastia, Bubastia, Adrastia, Bestia, Modestia, Segestia,
Orestia, Charistia, Ostia, Brattia, Acutia, Minutia, Cossutia,
Tutia, Clytia, Narytia.
VIA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Candavia, Blavia, Flavia, Menavia, Scandinavia, Aspavia,
Moravia, Warsavia, Octavia, Juvavia, JEvia, Cendevia, Me-
nevia, Suevia, Livia, Trivia, Urbesalvia, Sylvia, Moscovia
Segovia, Gergovia, Nassovia, Cluvia.
XIA
' Accent the Antepenultimate
Brijya, Cinxia.
YIA
Accent the Penultimate.
Ilithyia,|| Orithyia.
ZIA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Sabazia, Alyaia.
ALA
Accent the Penultimate.
Ahala, Messala.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abala, Gabala, Castabala, Onobala, Triocala, Crccala,
Abdala, Daedala, Bucephala, Abliala, Maenala, Astyphala,
Avala
CLA
Accent either the Penultimate or Antepenultimate Syllable.
Amicla.
ELA
Accent the Penultimate.
Arbela (in Persia), Acela, Adela, Suadela, Mundela, Philo-
mela, Amstela.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Arbela (in Sicily).
OLA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Publicola, Anionicola, Junonicola, Neptunicola, Agricola,
Baticola, Leucola, w^Eola, Abrostola, Scasvola.
ought always to be sounded like zh, as if written AmazhiUy
Aspaihia, &c. Asia, Theodosia, and Sosia, seem to be the
only exceptions.
II The vowels ia in these words must be pronounced dis
tinctly in two syllables, as if written E-ith-e-i'ah. 0-rith-e-
i'ah ,- the penultimate syllabic pronounced as the noun eye.
982
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
VhA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abula, Trebula, Albula, Carbula, Callicula, Saticula, Adu-
la, Acidula, ^gula, Caligula, Artigula, Longula, Ortopula,
Merula, Casperula, Asula, iEsula, Foesula, Sceptesula, Scep-
tensula, Insula, Vitula, Vistula.
YLA
Accent the Penultimate.
[dyla, Massyla.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abyla.
AMA EMA IMA OMA UMA YMA
Accent the Penultimate.
Cynossema, Aroma, Narracustoma.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Pandama, Abderama, Asama, Uxama, Acema, Obrima, Per-
rima, Certima, Boreostoma, Decuma, Didyma, Hierosolyma,
ANA
Accent the Penultimate.
Albana, Pandana, Trajana, Marciana, Diana, Sogdiana,
Drangiana, Margiana, Aponiana, Pomponiana, Trojana, Co-
piana, Mariana, Drusiana, Susiana, Statiana, Glottiana, Via-
na, Alana, Orococatana, Eblana, ^lana, Amboglana, Vindo-
lana, Q,uerculana, Q.uerquetulana, Amana, Almana, Comtana,
Mumana, Barpana, Clarana, Adrana, Messana, Catana, Ac-
citana, Astigitana, Zeugitana, Meduana, Malvana, Cluana,
Novana, Equana.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abana, Fricana, Concana, Adana, Cispadana, Sagana,
Achana, Leuphana, Hygiana, Drepana, Barpana, Ecbatana,
Catana, Sequana Cyana, Tyana.
ENA
Accent the Penultimate.
Labena, Chaiacena, Medena, Fidena, Aufidena, Ageena,
Comagena, Dolomena. Capena, Csesena, Messenaj Artena.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Phoebigena, Graphigena.^ Aciligena, Ignigena, Junonigena,
Opigena, Nysigena, Boetigena, Trojugena, ^gosthena, Alena,
Helena, Pellena, Porsena, Atena, Poly*e-a, Theoxena.
INA*
Accent the Penultimate.
Arabina, Acina, Cloacina, Tarracina, Cluacina, Coecina,
Ricina. Runcina, Cercina, Lucina, Erycina, Acradina, Ach-
radina,' JEgina, Bachina, Acanthina, Messalina, Catalina,
Fascolina, Mechlina, Tellina, Callina, Medullina, Cleobulina,
Tutulina, Caenina, Cenina, Antoniiia, Heroina, Apina, Cisal-
pina, Transalpina, Agrippina, Abarina, Carina, Larina, Ca-
marina, Sabrina, Phalacrina, Acerina, Lerina, Camerina, Te-
rina, Jamphorina, Caprina, Myrina,Casina, Felsina, Abusina,
Elusina, Atina, Catina, Metina, Libitina, Maritina, Libenti-
na, Adrumentina, Ferentina, Aventina, Aruntina, Potina,
Palffistina, Mutina, Flavina, Levina.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Acina, Fascellina, Proserpina, Asina, Sarsina.
ONA
Accent the Penultimate.
Abona, Uxacona, Libisocona, Usocona, Saucona, Dodona,
Scardona, Adeona, Aufona, Salona, Bellona, Duellona, ^mo-
na, Cremona, Artemona, Salmona, Homona, Pomona, Flano-
na, ^nona, Hippona, Narona, Aserona, Angerona, Verona,
Matrona,^sona, Latona, Antona, Dertona, Ortona, Cortona,
Alvona, Axona.
Ituna
Aloa.
Anchoa.
UNA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
OA
Accent the Penultimate
Accent the Antepenultimate.
IPA OPA UPA
Accent the Penultimate.
Argyripa, Europa, Catadupa.
ARA
Accent the Penultimate.
Abdara.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Aoara, Acara, Imacara, Accara, Cadara, Gadara, Abdara,
Megara, Machara, Imachara, Phalara, Cinara, Cynara, Lipa-
ra, Lupara, Isara, Patara, Mazara.
* EvAry word of this termination, with the accent on the
penult»»nate syllable, has the i pronounced as the noun eye. —
;r^ jxu>es 1, 3, and 4, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary
CRA DRA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Lepteacra, Charadra, Clepsydra.
ERA
Accent the Penultimate.
Abdera, Andera, Cythera (the island Cerigo, near Crete; ,
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Libera, Glycera, Acadera, Jadera, Abdera, Andera, Aliphe*
ra, Cytherae (the city of Cyprus), Hiera, Cremera, Cassera
GRA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Tanagra, Beregra.
HRA
Accent the Penultimate.
Libethra.
IRA
Accent the Penultimai*
Daira, Thelaira, Stagira, ^gira, Deiaaira, Metanira Thy-
atira.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Cybira.
ORA
Accent the Penultimate.
Pandora, Aberdora, Aurora, Vendesora, Windesora.
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Ebora.
TRA
Accent the Penultimate.
Cleopatra.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Excptra, Leucopetra, Triquetra.
URA
Accent the Penultimate.
Cabura, Ebura, jEbura,Balbura, Subura, Pandora, Baniura
Asura, Lesura, Isura, Cynosura, Lactura, Astura.
YRA
Accent the Penultimate.
Ancyra, Cercyra, Corcyra, Lagyra, Palmyra,! Cosyra, T^n-
tyra.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Laphyra, Glaphyra, Philyra, Cebyra, Anticyra.
ASA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abasa, Banasa, Dianasa, Harpasa.
ESA ISA OSA
Accent the Pemiltimate.
Ortogesa, Alesa, Halesa, Namesa, Alpesa, Berresa, Men-
tesa, Amphisa, Elisa, Tolosa, ^rosa, Dertosa, Cortuosa.
USA YSA
Accent the Penultimate.
Pharmacusa, Pithecusa, Nartecusa, Phoenicusa, Celadusa,
Padusa, Lopadasa, Medusa, Eleusa, Creusa, Lagusa, Elaphu-
sa, Agathusa, Marathusa, ^thusa, Phoethusa, Arethusa,
Ophiusa, Elusa, Cordilusa, Drymusa, Eranusa, Ichnusa, Col-
pusa, Aprusa, Cissnsa, Scotusa, Dryusa, Donysa.
ATA
Accent the Penultimate.
Braccata, Adadata, Rhadata, Tifata, Tiphata, Crotonio-
nata, Alata, Amata, Acmata, Comata, Sarmata, Napata, Dem-
arata, duadrata. Grata, Samosata, Armosata, Congavata,
Artaxata.
Chserestrata.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
ETA ITA OTA UTA
Accent the Penultimate.
Mta., Caieta, Moneta, Demareta, Myrteta, Herbita, Areopa ■
gita, Melita, Abderita, Artemita, Stagirita, Uzita, Phthiota,
Epirota, Contributa, Cicuta, Aluta, Matuta.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Damocrita. Emerita.
AVA EVA IVA
Accent the Penultimate.
Clepidava, Abragava, Calleva, Geneva, Arova, Attova, Lu
teva, Galliva.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Batava.
UA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Accua, Addua, Hedua, Heggua, Armua, Capua, Februa,
Achrua, Palatua, Fla'tua, Mantua, Agamzua
f Palmyra. — See this wor-d in tho IniUai /■^ocabvlary.
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES
9»3
YA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Libya, Zerolibya, ^thya, Carya, Marsya.
AZA EZA OZA
Accent the Penultimate.
Abaraza, Mieza, Baragoza.
AE
.decent the Antepenultimate.
Nausicae, Pasiphae.
Accent the Penultimate.
Maricae.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Oolubae, Vaginiacse, Carmocse, Oxydracae, Gallicae, Hieroni-
*s8e Coricae, Ajiticae, Odrycse.
AD^
Accent the Antepenultimate.
JEnea.d3iy Bacchiadas, Scipiada, Battiadae, Thestiadae.
Accent the Penultimate.
ProclidaB, Basilidae, Orestidse, ^budse, EbudaB.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Labdacidae, Selucidae, Adrymachidae, Branchidae, Pyrrhidae,
Basilidae, Romulidae, Numidae, Dardanida3, Borysthenidae,
Ausonidae, Cecropidae, Gangaridae, Marmaridae, Tyndaridae,
Druidae.
MM E^ F^ G^ HM
Accent the Penultimate.
Achaeae, Platae®, NapaBae, Allifae.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Diomedeae, Cyaneae, Cenchreae, Capreae, PlateaSj Callifae,
LatobrigaB, Lapithae.
IM*
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Baiffi, Graiae, Stabiae, Ciliciae, Cerciae, Besidiae, Rudiae,
Taphiffi, Versaliae, FiceliaB, Encheliae, Claeliae, Cutiliae, Esqui-
lia;, Exquiliae, Formiae, Volcaniae, Araniae, Armeniae, Britannias,
Boconiae, Chelidoniae, Pioniae, Gemonia3, Xyniae, Ellopiae, Her-
piae, CaspiaB, Cuniculariae, Canariae, Purpurariae, Chabriae,
Feria3, Laboriae, Emporiae, CaucasiaB, Vespasiae, CorasiaB, Pra-
siae, Ithacesiae, Gymnesiae, Etesiae, Gratiae, Venetiae, Piguntiae,
Selinuntiae, Sestiae, Cottiae, Landaviae, Harpyiae.
L.M MM
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Pialae, Agagamalae, Apsilae, ApenninicolaB, iEquicolaa, Apio-
lae, Epipolae, Bolbulae, Anculae, Fulfnlae, Fesulae, Carsulae, Lat-
ulae, Tbermopylae, Acrocomae, Achomae, Solymae.
AN^ EN^
Accent the Penultimate.
Africanae, Clodianae, Valentinianae, Marianas, Valentianae,
Sextiana, Cumanae, Adiabena, Mycenae, Fregena, Sophena,
Athena, Hermathena,Mitylena, Achmena, Acesemena, Clas-
Somena, Camoena, Convena.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Faunigena, Ophiogena, Apenninigena.
INM ONM \JNM ZOM
Accent the Penultimate.
Salina, Calamina, Agrippina, Carina, Taurina, Philistina,
Cleona, Vennona, Oona, Vacuna, Androguna, Abzoa.
IP^ UP^
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Centuripa, Rutupa.
AR^ ERiE UBR.E YTHR.E OR^ ATR^ ITR^
Accent the Penultimate.
Adiabara, Andara, Ulubra, Bndora, Alachora, Coatra,
Velitra.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Eleuthera, Blitera, Erythra, Pylagora.
ASM ESM VSM
Accent the Penultimate.
Syracusa, Pithecusa, Pityusa.
Accent the Antepenultimatet
Pagasa, Acesa.
" AT^ ET^
Accent the Penultimate.
Maata, Abrincata, Lubeata, Docleata, Pheneata, Acapea-
ta, Magata, Olciniata, Galata, Arelata, Hylata, Arnata,
laxamata, Dalmata, Sauromata, Exomata, Abrinata, Fortu-
nata, Orotoniata, Asampata, Cybirata, Vasata, Circeta,
^symneta, Agapeta, Areta, Biapareta.
* See Rule 4 of the Initial Vocabulary.
t The termination of yce, with the accent on the preceding
syllable, must be pronounced as two similar letters ; that is,
as if spelt Halic-e-e, Min-e-e, &c.— See Rule 4 of the Initial
Vecabalary.
Accent the Antepenultimate
Thyroageta, Massageta, Apheta, Denseleta. Coeletae, Dem-
eta.
IT^ OT^ UT^ YT^
Accent the Penultimate.
Ascita, Abradita, Achita, Aboniteichita, Accabacotichita,
Arsagalita, Avalita, Phaselita, BruUita, Hierapolita, Anto-
niopolita, Adrianapolita, Metropolita, Dionysopolita, Adu-
lita, Elamita, Bomita, Tomita, Scenita, Pionita, Agravoni-
ta, Agonita, Sybarita, Darita, Opharita, Dassarita, Nigrita,
Orita, Alorita, Tentyrita, Galeota, Limniota, Estiota, Aiu-
preuta, Aluta. Troglodyta, or Troglod'yta.
IVM 0\M \JM YM\
Accent the Penultimate.
Durcabriva, Elgova, Durobrova.
Accent the Antepenultimate
Mortua, Halicya, Phlegya, Bithya, Ornithya, Milyse,
Minya.
OBE
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Deiphobe, Niobe.
ACE ECE ICE OCE YCE
Accent the Penultimate.
Phoenice, Berenice, Aglaonice, Stratonice. — Sep. Rule 30.
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Candace, Phylace, Canace, Mirace, Artace, Allebece, Alop
ece, Laodice, Agnodice, Eurydice, Pyrrhice, Helice, Gallice
mice, Demodice, Sarmatice, Erectice, Getice, Cymodoce
Agoce, Harpalyce, Eryce.
EDE
Accent the Penultimate.
Agamede, Perimede, Alcimede.
^E
Accent the Penultimate.
MdiQ.
NEE AGE
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Cyanee, Lalage.
ACHE ICHE YCHE
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ischomache, Andromache, Canache, Doliche, Eutyche.
Anaphe, Psamathe.
PHE THE
Accent the Antepenultimate.
IE
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Gargaphie,J Uranie, Meminie, Asterie, Hyrie, Parrhasie
Clytie.
ALE ELE ILE OLE ULE YLE
Accent the Penultimate.
Neobule, Eubule, Cherdule, Eriphyle.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Acale, Hecale, Mycale, Megale, Omphale, ^thale, Noven
diale, ^giale, Anchiale, Ambarvale, Myrtale, Hyale, Euryale,
Cybele, Nephele, Alele, Semele, Perimele, Pcecile, Affile,
CEmphile, lole, Omole, Homole, Phidyle, Strongyle, Chtho-
nophyle, Deipyle, Eurypile.
AME IME OME YME
Accent the Antepenultimate. '
Apame, Inarime, Ithome, Amymome, CEnome, Amphinome,
Laonome, Hylonome, Eurynome, Didyme.
ANE
Accent the Penultimate.
Mandane, ^Eane, Anthane, Achriane, Anane, Drepane, Acra-
batane, Eutane, Roxane.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Taprobane, Cyane, Pitane..
ENE
Accent the Penultimate.
Acabene, Bubacene, Damascene, Chalcidene, Cisthene
Alcisthene, Parthi«ne, Priene, Poroselene, Pallene, Tellene,
Cyllene, Pylene, Mitylene, Mvciene, Laonomene, Ismene,
Dindymene, Osrhoene, Troene, Arene, Autocrene, Hippocrene,
Pirene, Cyrene, Pyrene, Capissene, Atropatene, Corduene
Syene.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Helene, Depamene^ Dynamene, Nyctimene, Idomene, Met
pomene, Anadyomene, Armene
X The i in the penultimate syllables of these words, not hav-
ing the accent, must be pronounced like e. This occasions a
disagreeable hiatus between this and the last syllable, and a
repetition of the same sound ; but at the same time is strictly
according to rule.~See RuJe 4 of the Initial Vocabulary.
y84
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
INE
Accent the Penultimate. ^
Sabine, Oarcine, Trachine, Alcanthine, Neptunine, Larine,
Nerine, Irine, Barsine, Bolbetine.
. Accent the Antepenultimate.
ONE YNE
Accent the Penultimate.
Metbone, Ithone, Dione, Porphyrione, Acrisione, Alone,
H alone, Corone, Torone, Tliyoae, Byzone, Delphyne.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Mycone, Erigone, Persephone, Tisiphone, Deione, Pleione,
Chione, Ilione, He'rmionej Herione, Comnione, Mnemosyne,
Sophrosyne, Euphrosyne.
OE (in two syllables)
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Amphirhoe, Alcathoe , Alcithoe, Amphithoe, Nausithoe, Lao-
thoe, Leucothoe, Cymothoe, Hippothoo, Alyxothoe, Myrioe,
Pholoe, Soloe, Sinoe, -(Enoe, Arsinoe, Lysinoe, Antinoe, Leu-
conoe, Theonoe, Pliilonoe, Pbaemonoe, Autonoe, Polynoe,
Ocyroe, Beroe, Meroe, Peroe, Abzoe.
APE OPE
Accent the Antepenultimate.
lotape, Eiiodope, Chalciope, Candiope, ^?hiope, Calliope,
Liriope, Cassiope, Alope, Agalope, Penelope, Parthenope, Sin-
ope, ^rope, Merope, Dryope.
ARE IRE ORE YRE
Accent the Penultimate.
Lymire.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Becare, Tamare, iEnare, Terpsichore, Zephyre, Apyre.
ESE
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Melese, Tenese.
ATE ETE ITE OTE YTE TYE
Accent the Penultimate.
Ate, Reate, Teate, Arelate, Admete, Arete, Aphrodite, Am-
phitrite, Atabyrite, Percote, Pactye.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Hecate, Condate, Automate, Taygete, Nepete, Anaxarete,
Hippolyte.
AVE EVE
Accent the Penultimate.
Agave.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Nineve.
Acholai.
Danai.
LAI* NAI (in two syllables)
Accent the Penultimate.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
BI
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Acibi, Abnobi, Attubi.
ACI
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Segontiaci, Mattiaci, Amaci, ^naci, Bettovaci.
ACI ICI OCI UCl
Accent the Penultimate.
Rauraci, Albici, Labici, Acedici, Palici, Marici, Medoma-
trici, Raurici, Arevici, Triboci, Aruci.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Callaici, Vendelici, Academic!, Arecomici, Hernici, Cynici,
Stoici, Opici, Nassici, Aduatici, Atuatici, Peripatetic!, Cotti-
ci, Avantici, Xystici, Lavici, Triboci, Amadoci, Bibroci.
ODI YDI
Accent the Penultimate.
Borgodi, Abydi.
^I
Accent the Penultimate.
Sabsei, Vaccaei, and so of all words which have a diphthong
in the penultimate syllable.
EI (in two syllables)
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Lapidei, Candei, Agandei, Amathei, Elei, Canthlei, Euga-
nei, CEnei, Mandarei. Hyperborei, Carastasei, Pratei.
* For the final i in these words, see Rule the 4th of the Ini-
tial Vocabulary.
\ See Rules 3 and 4 of the Initial Vocabulary.
\ When the arwent ia on the penultimate syllable, the i in
the two last syllables is pronounced exactly like the noun eye ;
but when the accent is on the antepenultimate, tlio first i is
GI
Accent the Antepenultimate
Acridophagi, Agriophagi, Chelanophagi, Andropopnagi, Aii
thropophagi, Lotophagi, Strutophagi, Ichthyophagi, Decem-
pagi, Novempagi, Artigi, Alostigi.
CHI THI
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Heniochi, -lEnochi, Henoch!, Ostrogothi.
lit
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abii, Gabii, and all words of this termination.
ALI ELI ILI OLI ULI YLI
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abali, Vandal!, Acephali, Cynocephali, Macrocephali, Al-
tai!, Alontcgeceli, Garoceli, Monosceli, Igilgili, iEquicoli, Car-
seoli, Puteoli, Corioli, Ozoli, Atabuli, Graeculi, Pediculi, Sicu-
li, Puticul!, Anculi, Barduli, Varduli, Turduli, Foruli, Gsetuli
Bastuli, Rutuli, Massesyli, Dactyl!.
AMI EMI
Accent the Penultimate.
Apisami, Charidemi.
OMI UMI
Accent the Antepenultimate
Cephalotomi, Astomi, Medioxumi.
AN I
Accent the P^ultimate.
Albaui, Cerbani, ^cani, Sicani, Tusicani, &c.,. and all
words of this tf-.rmination, except Choani and Sequani, or such
as are derived from words terminating in anus, with the pe-
nultimate short ; which see.
ENI
Accent the Penultimate.
Agabeni, Adiabeni, Sarceni, Icenj; Laodiceni, Cyziceni,
Uceni, Chaldeni, Aoydeni, Comageni, Igeni, Quingeni, Ce-
pheni, Tyrrheni, Rutheni, Labienl, Allien!, Cileni, Cicimeni,
Alapeni, Hypopeni, Tibareni, Agareni, Rufreni, Caraseni, Vol-
seni, Bateni, Cordueni.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Origeni, Apartheni, Antixeni,
INIJ
Accent the Penultimate.
Gabini, Sabini, Dulgibini, Basterbini, Peucini, Marrucini,
Lactucini, Otadini, Bidini, Udin!, Caudin!, Budini, Rhegini,
Triocalini, Tr!umpil!ni, Magellini, Entellini, Canini, Mena-
nini, Anagnini, Amiternini, Salurnini, Centuripini, Paropini,
Irpini, Hirpini, Tibarini, Carini, Cetarini, Citarini, Illiberini,
Acherini, Elorini, Assorini, Feltrini, Sutrini, Eburini, Tiguri-
ni, Cacyrini, Agyrini, Halesini, Otesini, Mosini, Abissini, Mos-
sini, Clusini, Arusini, Reatini, Latini, Calatini, Collatini, Ca-
lactini, Ectini, ^getini, Ergetini, Jetini, Aletini, Spoletini,
Netini, Neretini, Sethii, Bantini, Murgantini, Pallantini,
Amantini, Numantini, Fidentini, Salentini, Colentini, Ca-
rentini, Verentini, Florentini, Consentini, Potentini, Faventini,
Leontini, Acherontini, Saguntini, Haluntini, ^gyptini, Mam-
ertini, Tricastini, Vestini, Faustini, Abrettini, Enguini, In-
guini, Lanuvini.
Accent the Antepemiltimate.
Lactucini, Gemini, Memini, Morini,^ Torrini.
ONI UNI YNI
Accent the Penultimate.
Edoni, Aloni, Nemaloni, Geloni, Aqueloni, Abroni, Gordu-
ni, Mariandyni, Magyni, Mogyni.
Accent the Antepenultimate
Epigoni, Theutoni.
Catadupi.
UPI
Accent the Penultimate.
ARI ERI IRI ORI URI YRI
Accent the Penultimate.
Babari, Chomari, Agactari, Iberi, Celtiberi, Doberi, Algeri,
Palemeri, Monomeri, Hermanduri, Dioscuri, Banceri, PaBsuri,
Agacturi, Zimyri.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abari, Tochari, Acestari, Cavari, Calabri, Cantabri, Dige-
ri, Drugeri, Eleutheri, Crustumeri, Teneteri, Brueteri, Suel-
teri, Treveri, Veragri, Treviri, Ephori, Pastophori.
pronounced like e, and the last like eye. — See Rules d and 4 of
the Initial Vocabulary.
$ " Extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque bicornis."
ViRG. JEn. vii. 727
" The Danes, unconquer'd offspring, march behind.
And Morini, the last of liuman kind " — Drtdejt
GREEK AND LATZN PROPER NAMES.
USI YSl
Accent the Penultimate.
Hormandusi, Condrusi, Nerusi, Megabysi.
ATI ETI OTI UTI
Accent the Penultimate.
Abodati, Capellati, Ceroti, Thesproti, Carnuti.
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Athanati, Heneti, Veneti.
AVI EVI IVI AXI UZI
Accent the Penultimate.
Andecavi, Chamavi, Batavi, Pictavi, Suevi, Argivi, Achivi,
Coraxi, Abruzi.
UI
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abascui, j^dui, Hedui, Vermandui, Bipedimui, Inai, Cas-
tTuminui, Essui, Abrincatui. *
IBAL UBAL NAL, aUIL
Accent the Penultimate.
Pomona! .
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Annibal, Hannibal, Asdrubal, Hasdrubal, Tanaquil
AM IM UM
Accent the Penultimate.
Adulam, iEgipam, Aduram, Gerabam.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abarim.
UBUM ACUM ICUM OCUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Cornacum, Tornacum, Baracum, Camericum, Labicum,
Avaricum, Antricum, Trivicum, Nordovicum, Longovicum,
Verovicum, Noivicum, Brundivicum.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Caecubum, Abodiacum, Toipiacum, Bedriacum, Gessoria-
cum, Magontiacum, Mattiacum, Argentomacum, Olenacum,
Arenacum, Bremetonacuni, Eboracum, Eburacum, Lampsa-
cum, Nemetacum, Bellovacum, Agedicum, Agendicum, Gly-
conicum, Canopicum, Noricum, Massicum, Adriaticum, Sa-
benneticum, Balticum, Aventicum, Mareoticum, Agelocum.
EDUM IDUM
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Manduessedum, Algidum .
Accent the Penultimate.
Liljbaeum, Lycaeum, and all words of tbis termination.
EUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Syllaceum, Lyceum, Sygeum, Amatheum, Glytheum, Didy-
meum, Prytanemn, Palanteum.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Herculeum, Heracleum, Rataneum, Corineum, Aquineura,
Dictynneum, Panticapeum, Rhoeteum.
AGUM IGUM OGUM
Accent the Antepenultimate.
NivomagmTi, Noviomagum, Adrobigum, Dariorigum, Allob-
rogum.
lUM
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Albium, Eugubium, Abrucium, and all words of this ter-
mination.
ALUM ELUM ILUM OLUM ULUM
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Anchialum, Acelum, Ocelum, Corbilum, Clusiolum, Oracu-
Inm, Janiculum, Corniculum, Hetriculum, Uttriculum, Ascu-
lum, Tusculum, Angulum, Cingalum, Apulam, Trossulum,
Batulum.
MUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Amstelodamum, Novocomum, Cadomum, Amstelrodamura.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Lygdamum, Cisamum, Boiemum, Antrimum, Auximurn,
Bergomum, Mentonomum.
ANUM
Accent the Pemiltimate.
Albanum, Halicanum, Arcanum, ^anum, Teanum, Trifa-
num, Stabeanum, Ambianum, Pompeianum, Tullianum, For-
niianum, Cosmianum, Boianum, Appianum, Bovianum, Me-
lUolanum, Amanum, Aquisgranum, Trigisanum, Nnditanum,
Usalitanum, Ucalitanum, Acoletanum, Acharitanum, Abziri-
tanum, Argentanum, Hortanura, Anxanum.
Accent the Antepenultimate
Apuscidanom, Hebromprum, Itanum.
ENUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Picenum, Calenum, Durolenum, Misenam, Volsenum, Dar-
Olenum.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
INUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Urbinum, Sidicinum, Ticinum, Pucinum,Tridinum, Londi-
num, Aginuni, Cusilinum, Crustuminum, Apenninum, Sepi-
num, Arpinum, Aruspinum, Sarinum, Lucrinum, Ocrinum,
Camerinum, Laborinum, Petrinnra, Taurinum, Casinum, Ne-
mosinum, Cassinum, Atinuin, Butinum, Ambiatinnm, Peti-
num, Altinum, Salentinum, Tollentinum, Ferentinnm, Lau-
rentinum, Abrotinum, Inguinum, Aquinum, Nequinum ,
ONUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Cabillonum, Gaiianonum, Duronum, Cataractonura
Accent the Antepenultimate
Ciconum, Vindonum, Britonum.
UNUM YNUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Segedunum, Lugdunum, Marigdunum, Moridunum, Arcai-
dunum, Rigodunum,Sorbiodunum,Noviodunum, Melodunum,
Camelodunum, Axelodunum, l^xaltodnnum, Brannodunnm,
Carodunum, Caesarodunum, Tarodunum, Theodorodunum,
Eburodunum, Nernantodunum, Be!unum, Antema^nnum,
Andomatunum, Maryandynum.
OUM OPUM YPUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Myrtb'um, Europum,
Accent the Antepenultimate
Pausilypum.
ARUM
Accent the Penultimate
Agarum, Belgaruro., Nympharum, Convcnarum, Rosaram
Adulitarum, Celtarum.
ABRUM UBRUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Velabrum, Vernodubrum.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Artabrum.
ERUM
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Caucoliberum, Tuberum.
AFRUM ATHRUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Venafrum.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Barathrum.
IRUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Muzirum.
ORUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Cermorum, Ducrocortorum.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Dorostorum.
ETRUM
Accent either the Penultimate or Antepenultimate.
Celetrum.
URUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Alaburum, Ascurum, Lugdurum, Marcodurum, Lactodu-
rum, Octodurum, Divojurum, Silurum, Saturuna
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Tigurum.
ISUM OSUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Alisum, Amisum, Janosum.
ATUM ETUM ITUM OTUM UTUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Atrebatum, Calatum, Argentoratum, Mulristratum, Eloce-
tum, Cluercetum, Caletum, Spoletum, Vallisoletum, Toletum,
Ulmotum, Adrumetura, Tunetum, Eretum, Accitum, Duro-
litum, Corstopitum, Abritum, Neritura, Augustoritum, Nau-
crotitam, Complutum.
Sabbatum.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
GREEK AND LATJJ PROPER NAMES.
AVUM IVUM YUM
Jlecent the Penultimate.
Gandaviun, Symbrivum.
Jlecent the AntepenultiinMe.
Coccyum, Engyum.
mN AON ICON
Accent the Penultimate.
Helicaon, Lycaon, Machaon, Dolichaon, Amithaon, Didy-
maon, Hyperaon, Hicetaon.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Salamin, Rubicon, Helicon.
ADON EDON IDON ODON YDON
Accent the Penultimate.
Calcedon, Chalcedon, Carchedon, Anthedon, Aspledon, Sar-
pedon, Thermodon, Abydon.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Celadoa, Alcimedon, Amphimedon, Laomedon, Hippome-
don, Oromedon, Antomedon, Armedon, Eurymedon, Calydon,
Amy don, Cory don.
EON EGON
Accent the Penultimate.
Pantheon, Deileon, Achilleon, Aristocreon.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Aieon, Pitholeon, Demoleon, Timoleon, Anacreon, Timo-
creon, Ucalegon.
APHON EPHON IPHOxV OPHON
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Agalaphon, CheBrephon, Ctesiphon, Antiphon, Colophon,
Demophon, Xenophon.
THON
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Agathon, Acroathon, Marathon, Phaeton, Phlegethon, Py-
riphlegithon, Arethon, Acrithon.
ION
Accent the Penultimate.
Pandion, Sandion, Echion, Alphion, Amphion, Ophion, Me-
thion, Arion, Oarion, ^rion, Hyperion, Orion, Asion, Metion,
Axion, Ixion.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Albion, Phocion, Cephaledion, Mgion, Brigion, Brygion,
Adobogion, Moschion, Emathion, Amethion, Anthion, Ero-
thion, P3^hion, Deucalion, Daedalion, Sigalion, Calathion,
Ethalion, Eruthalion, Pigmalion, Pygmalion, Cemelion, Pe-
lion, Ptelion, Ilion, Brj^llion, Cromion, Endymion, Milanion,
Athenion, Boion, Apion, Dropion, Appion, Noscopion, Asa-
lelarion, Acrion, Chimerion, Hyperion, Asterion, Dorion, Eu-
phorion, Porphyrion, Thyrion, Jasion, ^sion, Hippocration,
Stration, Action, ^Etion, Metion, ^antion, Pallantion, Dotion,
Theodotion, Erotion, Sotion, Nephcstion, Philistion, Polytion,
Ornytion, Eurytion, Dionizion.
LON MON OON PON RON PHRON
Accent the Penultimate.
Philemon, Criumetopon, Caberon, Dioscoron, Cacipron.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ascalon, Abylon, Babylon, Telamon, Ademon, ^gemon,
Polemon, Ardemon, Hieromnemon, Artemon, Abarimon, Orom-
enon, Alcamenon, Tauromenon, Deicbon, Democbon, Laoc-
bon, Hippocbon, Demoplibon, Hippothoon, Acaron, Accaron,
Paparon, Acheron, Apteron, Daiptoron, Chersephron, Alci-
phron, Lycophron, Euthyphron.
SON TON YON ZON
Accent the Penultimate.
Theogiton, Aristogiton, Polygiton, Deltoton.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Themison, Abaton, Aciton, Aduliton, Sicyon, Cercyon,
^gyon,Cremrayon,Cromyon, Geryon, Alcetryon, Amphitryon,
Amphictyon, Acazon, Amazon, Oiizon, Amyzon.
ABO AGO ICO EDO IDO
Accent the Penultimate.
Lampedo, Cupido.
Accent the Antepenultijnate.
Arabo, Tarraco, Stilico, Macedo.
BEO LEO TEO
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Labeo, Aculeo, Buteo.
AGO IGO UGO
Accent the Penultimate.
Carthago, Origo, Verrugo.
PHO THO
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Clitipho, Agatho.
BIO CIO DIO GIO LIO JHO NIO RIO SIO TIO VIO XIO
Accent the Antepenultimate.
^rabio, Corbio, Navilubio, Seoecio, Dion:cdio, Rcgio,
Phrygio, Bambalio, Ballio, Caballio, Ansollio, Pollio, Sirmic^
Formio, Phormio, Anio, Parmenio, Avenio, Glabrio, Acrio,
Curio, Syllatuiio, Vario, Occasio, Aurasio, Secusio, Verclueio,
Natio, Ultio, Derventio, Versontio, Divio, Oblivio, Pctovio,
Alexio.
CLO ILO ULO UMO
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Chariclo, Corbilo, Corbulo, ^puld, Baetulo, Castulo, Anu<
mo, Lucumo.
ANO ENO INO
Accent the Penultimate.
Theano, Adramitteno.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Barcino, Ruscino, Fruscino.
APO IPO
.decent the Antepenultimate.
Sisapo, Olyssipo.
ARO ERO
Accent the Penultimate.
Vadavoro.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Bessaro, Civaro, Tubero, Cicero, Hiero, Acimero, CoBsero*
ASO ISO
Accent the Penultimate.
Carcaso, Agaso, Turiaso, Aliso, Natiso.
ATO ETO ITO YO XO
Accent the Penultimate.
Enyo, Polyxo.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Erato, Derceto, Siccilissito, Capito, Amphitryo.
BER FER GER TER VER
Accent the Penultimate.
Meleager, Elaver.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Calaber, Mulciber, Noctifer, Tanager, Antipater, Marspa-
ter, Diespiter, Marspiter, Jupiter.
AOR NOR POR TOR ZOR
Accent the Penultimate.
Chrysaor, Alcanor, Bianor, Euphranor, Alcenor, Agenor,
Agapaenor, Elpenor, Rhetenor, Antenor, Anaxenor, Vindemia-
tor, Rhobetor, Aphetor.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Marsipor, Lucipor, Numitor, Albumazor, or Albumazar.
BAS DAS EAS GAS PHAS
Accent the Penultimate.
Alebas, Augeas (king of Elis), Jineas, Oreas, Symplegas.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Dotadas, Cercidas, Lucidas, Timaichidas, Charmidas, Alci-
damidas, Leonidas, Aristonidas, Mnasippidas, Pelopidas, The-
aridas, Diagoridas, Diphoridas, Antipatridas, Abantidas,
Suidas, Crauxidas, Ardeas, Augeas (the poet), Eleas, Cineas^,
Cyneas, Boreas, Broteas, Acraphas, Periphas, Acyphas,
Acragas.
IAS
Accent the Penultimate.
Ophjas.
Accent the Antepenultimate
Caecias, Nicias, Cephalaedias, Phidias, Herodias, Cyaias,
Epliyreas, Minyeias, Pelasgias, Antibacchias, Acrolochias,
Archias, Adarchias, Arcathias, Agathias, Pythias, Pleias, Pe-
lias, Ilias, Damias, Soemias, Arsanias, Pausanias, Olympias,
Appias, Agrippias, Chabrias, Tiberias, Terias, Lycorias, Pe-
lorias, Demetrias, Dioscurias, Agasias, Phasias, Acesias,
Agesias, Hegesias, Tiresias, Ctesias, Cephisias, Pausias, Pru-
sias, Lysias, Tysias, iEetias, Bitias, Critias, Abantias, Tho-
antias, Phaethontias, Phaestias, Thestias, Phoestias, Sestias,
Livias, Artaxias, Loxias.
• LAS MAS NAS
Accent the Penultimate.
Acilas, Adulas, Maecenas, Mcecenas (or, as Labbe says it
ought to be written, Mecoenas), Fidenas, Arpinas, Larinas,
Atinas, Adunas
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Amiclas, Amyclas, AgeJas, Apilas, Arcesilas, Acylas, Dory-
Jas, Asylas, Acamas, Alcidamas, Iphidamas, Chersidamas,
Praxidamas, Theodamas, Cleodamas, Therodamas, Thyoda-
mas, Astydamas, Athamas, Garamas, Dicomas, Sarsinas, Sas-
sinas, Pitinas.
OAS PAS RAS SAS TAS XAS YAS
Accent the Penultimate.
Bagoas, Canopas, Abradaras, Zonaras (as Labbe contends
it ought to be), Epitheras, Abradatas, Jetas, Philetas, Damos-
tas, Acritas, Eurotas, Abraxas
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Teleboas, Chrysorrhoas, Agriopas, Triopas, Zonaras, Gya
ras, Chrysoceras, Mazeras, Chaboras,Orthagoras, Pythagoras,
Diagoras, Pylagoras, Demagoras, Timagoras, llcrmagoras,
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
987
Athenagoras, Xenagoras, Hippagoras, Stesagoras, Tisagoras,
Telestagoras, Protagoras, Evagoras, Anaxagoras, Praxagoras,
liigoras, Athyras, Thamyras, Cinyras, Atyras, Apesas, Pie-
tas, Felicitas, Liberalitas, Lentulitas, Agnitas, Opportunitas,
Claritas, Veritas, Faustitas, Civitas, Archytas, Phlegyas,
Milyas, Marsyas.
BES
■Accent the Antepenultimate.
Chalybes, Armenochalybes.
, CES
Accent the Penultimate.
Arbaces, Pharnaces, Samothraces, Arsaces, Phoenices, Liby-
phoenices, Olympionices, Plistonices, Polynices, Ordovices, Le-
movices, Eburovices.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Axiaces, Astaces, Derbices, Ardices, Eleutherocilices, Cap-
padoces, Eudoces, Bebryces, Mazyces.
ADES
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Icades, Olcades, Arcades, Orcades, Carneades, Gorgades,
Stofichades, Lichades, Strophades, Laiades, Naiades, Alcibia-
des, Pleiades, Branchiades,De]iades, Heliades, Peliades, Oilia-
des, Naupliades, Juliades, Memmiades, Cleniades, Xeniades,
Hunniades, Heliconiades, Acrisioniades, Telamoniades, Limo-
niades, Acheloiades, Asclepiades, Asopiades, Crotopiades,
Appiades, Thespiades, Thariades, Otriades, Cyriades, Scyria-
des, Anchisiades, Dosiades, Lysiades, Nysiades, Dionysiades,
Mencetiades, Miltiades, Abantiades, Dryantiades, Atlantiades,
Laomedontiades, Phaetontiades, Laertiades, Heplisestiades,
Thestiades, Battiades, Cyclades, Pylades,Demados,Nomades,
Maenades, Echinades, Cispades,Ch(Erades, Sporades, Perisades,
Hippotades, Sotades, Hyades, Thyades, Dryades, Hamadrya-
des, Othryades.
EDES
Accent the Penultimate.
Democedes, Agamedes, PaUiraedes, Archimedes, Nicomedes,
Diomedes, Lycomedes, Cleomedes, Ganymedes, Thrasymedes.
IDES
Accent the Penultimate.
Alcides, Lyncides, Tydides, ^gides, Promethides, Nicarthi-
des, Heraclides, Teleclides, Epiclides, Anticlides, Androcli-
des, Meneclides, CEclides, Cteseclides, Xenoclides, Chariclides,
PatrocUdes, Aristoclides, Euclides, Euryclides, Belides (singu-
lar), Basilides, Nelides, Pelides, ^schylides, iEnides, Anti-
genides, CEnides, Lychnides, Amanoides, Japeronides, Lari-
des, Abderides, Atrides, Thesides, Aristides.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Epichaides, Danaides, Lesbides, Labdacides, ^acides,Hyla-
cides, Phylacides, Pharacides, Imbracides, Myrmecides, Phce-
nicides, Antalcidos, Lyncides, Andccides, Ampycides, Thucy-
dides, Lelegeides, Tyrrheides, Pimpleides, Clymeneides, Mi-
neides, Scyreides, Minyeides, Lagides, Harpagides, Lycur-
gides, Ogygides, Inachides, Lysimachides, Agatharchides, Ti-
marchides, Leulychides, Ijeontychides, Leotychides, Sisyphi-
des, Erectbides, Promethides, Crethidcs, Scythides, CEbalides,
^thalides, Tantalides, Castalides, Mystalides, Phytalides, Te-
leclides, Meneclides, CEclides, Ctesiclides, Androclides, Eu-
clides, Euryclides, Belides (plural), Sicelides, Epimelides,
Cypselides, Anaxilides, bolides, Eubulides, Phocylides, Priam-
ides, Potamides, Cnemides, ^simides, Tolmides, Charmides,
Dardanides, Oceanides, Amanides, Titanides, Olenides, Achse-
menides, Achimenides, Epimenides, Parmenides, Ismenides,
Eumenides, Sithnides, Apollinides, Prumnides, Aonides, Do-
donides, Mygdalonidos, Calydonides, Mceonides, CEdipodioni-
des, Deionides, Chionides, Echionides, Spercbionides,Ophioni-
des, Japetionides, Ixionides, Mimallonides, Philonides, Apollon-
ides, Acmonides, iEmonides, Polypemonides, Simonides, Har-
monides, Memnonides, Cronides, Myronides, ^Esonides, Aris-
tonides, Praxonides, Liburnides, Suuides, Telebbides, Panthbi-
des, Achelbides, Pronopides, Lapides, Callipides, Euripides,
Driopides, CEnopides, Cecropides, Leucippides, Philippides, Ar-
gyraspides, Clearides, Teenarides, Hebrides, Timandrides, An-
axandrides, Epicerides, Pierides, Hesperides, Hyperides, Gassi-
terides, Anterides, Peristerides, Libethrides, liioscorides, Pro-
togorides, Methorides, Antenorides, Actorides, Diactorides,
Polyctorides, Hegetorides, Onetorides, Antorides, Acestorides,
Thestorides, Aristorides, Electrides, CEnotrides, Smindyrides,
Philyrides, Pegasides, lasides, Imbrasides, Clesides, Dionysi-
des, Cratides, Propoetides, Proetides, Ocoanitides, ^antides,
Dryantides, Dracontides, Absyrtides, Acestides, Orestides,
Epy tides.
ODES UDES YDES.
Accent the Penultimate.
iEgilodos, Acmodes, Nebrodes, Herodes, Orodes, HsBbades,
Harudes, Lacydes, Pherecydes, Androcydes.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Sciapodes, OEdipodes, Antipodes, Hippopodes, Himantopo-
dcs, Pyrodes, Epicydes.
* A.11 the words of this termination have the accent on
the antepenultimate. — See Eumenes in the Initial Vocabula-
ry
AGES EGES IGES OGES YGSS
Accent the Antepenultim,ate.
_ Theages, Tectosages, Astyages, Leleges, Nitiobriges, Durot-
riges, Caturiges, Allobroges, Antobroges, Ogyges, Cataphrv
ges, Sazyges.
ATHES ETHES YTHES lES
Accent the Penultimate.
Ariarathes, Alethes.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Onythes, Aries.
ALES
Accent the Penultimate.
Novendiales, Geniales, Compitales, Arvales.
p . Accent the Antepenultimate.
ACLES ICLES OGLES
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Daicles, Mnasicles, Iphicles, Zanthicles, Charicles, Pheri
cles, Pericles, Agasicles, Pasicles, Phrasicles, Ctesicles, Sosi-
cles, Nausicles, Xanticles, Niocles, Empedocles, Theocles,
Neocles, Eteocles, Sophocles, Pythocles, Diodes, Philocles.
Damocles, Democles, Phanocles, Xenocles, Hierocles, Andro-
cles, Mandrocles, Patrocles, Metrocles, Lamprocles, Cephiso-
cles, Nestocles, Themistocles.
ELES ILES OLES ULES
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ararauceles, Hedymeles, Pasiteles, Praxiteles, Pyrgoteles,
Demoteles, Aristoteles, Gundiles, Absiles, Novensiles, Pisat-
iles, Taxiles, ^oles, Autololes, Abdimonoles, Rercules.
AMES OJNIES
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Priames, Datames, Abrocomes.
ANES
Accent the Penultimate.
Jordanes, Athamanes, Alamanes. Brachmanes, Acarnanes,
^gipanes, Tigranes, Actisanes, Tii^nes, Ariobarzanes.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Diaphanes, Epiphanes, Periphanes, Praxiphanes, Dexi-
phanes, Lexiphanes, Antiphanes, Nicophanes, Theophanes,
Diophanes, Apollophanes, Xenophanes, Aristophanes, Agria-
nes, Pharasmanes, Prytanes.
ENES*
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Timagenes, Metagenes, Sosigenes, Epigenes, Melesigenes,
Antigenes, Theogenes, Diogenes, Oblogenes, Hermogenes,
Rhetogenes, Themistogenes, Zanthenes, Agasthenes, Lasthe-
nes, Clisthenes, Callisthenes, Peristhenes, Cratisthenes, An-
tisthenes, Barbosthenes, Leosthenes, Demosthenes, Dinosthe-
nes, Androsthenes, Posthenes, Eratosthenes, Borysthenes, Al-
camenes, Theramenes, Tisamenes, Deditamenes, Spitamenes,
Pylemenes, Althemenes, Achsemenes, Philopoemenes, Daimenes,
Nausimenes, JNumenes, Antimenes, Anaximenes, Cleomenes,
Hippomenes, Heromenes, Ariotomenes, Eumenes, Eumenes,
Polymenes, Geryenes.
INES
Accent the Penultimate.
Telchines, Acesines.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Aborigines, iEschines,t Asines.
ONES
Accent the Penultimate.
Calucones, Agones, Antechthones, Jones, Helleviones, Vo-
lones, Nesimones, Verones, Centrones, Eburones, Grioones,
Auticatones, Statones, Vectones, Vetones, Acitavones, Ing®
vones, IstBBvones, Axones, ^xones, Halizones.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Lycaones, Chaones, Frisiabones, Cicones, Vernicones, Fran-
cones, Vascones, Mysomacedones, Rhedones, Essedones, Myr-
midones, Pocones, Paphlagones, Aspagones, Lsestrigones
Lingones, Lestrygones, Vangiones, Nuithones, Sithones, Bali-
ones, Hermiones, Biggeriones, Meriones, Suiones, Mimallomis,
Senones, Memnones, Pannones, Ambrones, Suessones, An-
sones, Pictones, Teutones, Amazones.
OES
Accent the Penultimate
Heroes.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Chorsoes, Chosroes.
APES OPES
Accent the Penultimate.
Cynapes, Cecropes, Cyclopes.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Panticapes, Crassopes, Esubopes, -iEthiopes, Hellopes, Dol-
opes, Panopes, Steropes, Dryopes.
t Labbe says, that a certain anthologist, forced by the neces-
sity of his verse, has pronounced this word with the accent on
the penultimate.
988
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
ARES ERES IRES ORES URES
Accent the Penultimate,
Cabares, Balearus, Apollinares, Saltuares, Ableres, By-
aeresj Bechires, Diores, Azores, Silures.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Leochares, ^mocbares, Demochares, Abisares, Cavares,
Insures, Luceres, Pieres, Astabores, Musagores, Centores,
Limures.
ISES
, . Accent the Penultimate.
Ancbises
ENSES
Accent the Penultimate.
Ucubenses Leonicenses, and all words of this termination.
OCES YSES
„ , Accent the Penultimate.
Cambyses.
ATES
Accent the Penultimate.
Phraates, Atrebates, Cornacates, Ceracates, Adunicates,
Nisioates, Barsabocates, Leucates, Teridates, Mithridates,
Attidates, Osquidates, Oxydates, Ardeates, Eleates, Bercorea-
tes, Caninefates, Casicenufates, Agates. Achates, Niphates,
Deciates, Attaliates, Mevaniates, Cariates, Q,uariatcs, Asser-
iates, Euburiates, Antiates, Spartiates, Celelates, Hispellates,
Stellates, Suillates, Albulates, Focimates, Auximates, Fla-
nates, Edenates, Fidenates, Saffenates, Fregenates, Capenates,
Senates, Ccesenates, Misenates, Padinates, Fulginates, Meri-
nates, Alatrinates, -^sinates, Agesinates, Asisinates, Sassi-
nates, Sessinates, Frusinates, Antinates, Altinates, Tollenti-
nates, Ferentinates, Interamnates, Chelonates, Casmonates,
Arnates, Tifernates, Infernates, Privernates, Oroates, Euphra-
tes, Orates, Vasates, Cocosates, Tolosates, Antuates, Nantua-
tes, Sadyates, Caryates.
Accent the Antepemdtimate,
Spithobates, Eurybates, Antiphates, Trebiates, Zaiates, Sau-
romates, Attinates, Tornates, Hypates, Menecrates*, Phe-
recrates, Iphicrates, Callicrates, Epicrates, Pasicrates, Siasic-
rates, Sosicrates, Hypsicrates, Nicocrates, Halocrates, Da-
mocrates, Democrates, Cheremocrates, Timocrates, Hermocra-
tes, Stenocrates, Xenocrates, Hippocrates, Harpocrates, Soc-
rates, Isocrates, Cephisocrates, Naucrates, Eucrates, Euthyc-
rates, Polycrateg
ETES ITES OTES UTES YTES YES ZES.
Accent the Penultimate.
Acetes, Ericetes, Cadetes, yEetes, Mocragetes, Caletes, Phi-
locletes, ^gletes, Nemetes,Comete3, Ulmanetes, Consuanetes,
Gymnetes, 5ilsymnetes, Nannetes, Serretes, Curetes, Theatetes,
Andizetes, Od'ites, Belgites, Margites, Memphites, Ancalites,
Ambialites, Avalites, Cariosuelites, Polites, Apollopolites,
Hermopolites, Latopolites, Abulites, Stylites, Borysthenites,
Temenites, Syenites, Carcinites, Samnites, Deiopites, Garites,
Centrites, Thersites, Narcissites, Asphaltites, Hydraotes,
Heracleotes, Boeotes, Helotes, Bootes, Thdotes, Anagnutes,
Arimazes.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Dercetes, Massagetes, Jndigetes, Ilergetes, Euergetcs, Au-
chetes, Eusipetes, Abalites, Charites, Cerites, Praestites, An-
dramytes, Dariaves, Ardyes, Machlyes, Blemmyea.
AIS
Accent the Penultimate.
Achais, Archelais, Homolais, Ptolemais, Elymais.
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Thebais, Phocais, Aglais, Tanais, Cratais.
BIS CIS DIS
Accent the Penultimate.
Berenicis, Cephaledis, Lycomedis.
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Acabis, Carabis, Setabis, Nisibis, Cleobis, Tucrobis, Tiso-
bis, Ucubis, Curubis, Salniacis, Acinacis, Brovonacis, Athra-
cis, Agnicis, Carambucis, Cadmeidis.
ElSf ETHIS ATHIS
Accent the Penultimate.
Medeis, Spercheis, Pittheis, Crytheis, Nepheleis, Eleleis,
Acbilleis, Pimpleis, Cadmeis, ^neis, Schoeneis, Peneis, Acri-
soneis, Triopeis,, Patereis, Nereis, Cenchreis, Theseis, Briseis,
Perseis, Messeis, Chryseis, Nycteis, Sebethis, Epimethis.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Thymiathis.
ALIS ELIS ILIS OLIS ULIS YLIS
Accent the Penultimate.
Andabalis, Cercalis, Regalisj Stymphalis, Dialis, Latialis,
* All words ending in crates have the accent on the antepe-
nultimate syllable.
t The=!e vowels form distinct syllables. — See the termination
ElUt?.
Septimontialis, Martialis, Manalis, Juvenalis, Quirinalis, Fon-
tinaiis, Junonalis, Avernalis, Vacunalis, Abrupalis, Floralis^
Q,uietalis, Eumelis, Phaselis, Eupilis, Ouinctilis, Adulis
Accent the Antepenultimate.
CEbalis, Hannibalis, Acacalis, Fornicalis, Androcalis, Lu-
peicalis, Vahalis, Ischalis, Caralis, Tbessalis, Italis, Facelis,
Sicelis, Fascelis, Vindelis, Nephelis, Bibilis, Incibilis, Leucre-
tilis, Myrtilis, ludivilis, ^eolis, Argolis, Cimolis, Decapolis,
Neapolis (and all words ending in polis), Herculis, Thestylis.
AMIS EMIS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Calamis, Salamis, Semiramis, Thyamis, Artemis.
ANIS ENIS lOTS ONIS YOTS
Accent the Penultimate.
Mandanis, Titanis, Bacenis, Mj'cenis, Philenis, Cyllenis,
Isroenis, Cebrenis, Adonis, Edonis, Adonis, Thedonis, Sido-
his, Dodonis, Calydonis, Agonis, Alingonis, Colonis, Corbu-
lonis, Cremonis, S'almonis, Junonis, Ciceronis, Scironis, Coro-
nis, Phoronis, Turonis (in Germany,) Tritonis, Phorcynis
Gortynis.
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Sicanis, Anticanis, Andanis, Hypanis, Taranis, Prytanis,
Poemanis, Eumenis, Lycaonis, Asconis, Maeonis, Paeonis,
Sithonis, Memnonis, Pannonis, Turonis (in France), Bitonis,
Geryonis.
OISJ
Accent the Penultimate.
Minbis, Herbis, Latbis.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Symbis, Pyrbis.
APIS OPIS
Accent the Penultimate.
lapis, Colapis, Serapis$, Isapis, Asopis.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Acapis, Minapis, Cecropis, Meropis.
ARIS ACRIS ATRIS ERIS IGRIS IRIS ITRIS ORIS
URIS YRIS
Accent the Penultimate,
Baicaris, Apollinaris, Nonacris, Cimmeris, Aciris, Osiris^
Petosiris, Busiris, Lycoris, Calaguris, Gracchuris, Hippuris.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abaris, Fabaris, Svbaris, Icaris, Andaris, Tyndaris, Sagaris,
Angaris, Pbalaris, lllaris, Caularis, T8enaris,"Liparis, Araris,
Biasaris, Caesaris, Abisaris, Achisaris, Bassaris, Melaris, Au-
taris, Trinacris, Illiberis, Tiberis, Zioberis, Tyberis, Nepheris,
Cytheris, Pieris, Trieris, Auseris, Pasitigris, Coboris, Sicoris,
Neoris, Peloris, Antipatris, Absitris, Pacyris, Ogyris, Porphy-
ris, Amyris, Thamyris, Thomyris, Tomyris.
ASIS ESIS ISIS
Accent the Penultimate,
Amasis, Magnesis, Tnesis.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Bubasis, Pegasis, Parrhasis, Paniasis, Acamasis, Engonasis,
Grajcostasis, Lachesis, Athesis, Thamesis, Nemesis, Tibisis
ENSIS
Accent the Penultimate,
Genubensis, Cordubensis, and all words of this termination.
OSIS USIS
Accent the Penultimate.
Diaraastigosis, Enosis, Eleusis.
ATIS ETIS ITIS OTIS YTIS
Accent the Penultimate,
Tegeatis, Sarmatis, Caryatis, Miletis, Limenetis, Curetis,
Acervitis, Chalcitis, Memphitis, Sophitis, Arbelitis, Fascelitis,
Dascylitis, Comitis, ^anitis, Cananitis, Circinitis, Sebenuitis,
Chaonitis, Trachonitis, Chalonitis, Sybaritis, Daritis, Calen-
deritis, Zephyritis, Amphaxitis, Rhacotis, Estiaeotis, Maeotis,
Tracheotis, JVlareotis, Phthiotis, Sandaliotis, Elimiotis, Isca
riotis, Casiotis, Philotis, Nilotis.
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Atergatis, Calatis, Anatis, Naucratis, Dercetis, Eurytis
OVIS UIS XIS
Accent the Penultimate,
Amphaxig, Oaxis, Alexis, Zamolxis, Zeuxis.
Accent the Antepenultimate
Vejovis, Dijovis, Absituis.
ICOS EDOS ODOS YDOS
Accent the Penultimate.
Abydos.
:J: These vowels form distinct syllables.
§ Serapis. — See the word in the Initial Vocabulary,
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
98?>
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Oricos, Tenedos, Macedos, Agriodos
EOS ^
Accent the Penultimate.
Sporcheos, Achilleos.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Androgeos, Egaleos, ^galeos, Hegaleos.
IGOS ICHOS OCHOS OPHOS
Accent the Pemiltimate.
Welampigoa, Niontichos, Macrontichos.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Nerigos, ^Egiochos, Oresitroplios.
ATH03 ETHOS ITHOS lOS
Accent the Penultimate.
Sebetho3.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Sciathos, Arithos, Ilios, Ombrios, Topasios.
LOS MOS NOS POg
Accent the Penultimate.
Stymphalos, uEgilos, Pachinos, Etheonos, Eteonos, Hepta-
phonos.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Haegalos, ^gialos, Ampelos, Hexapylos, Sipylos, Hecatom-
pylos, Potamos, ^gospotamos, Oleiios, Orchomenos, Anapau-
omenos, Epidicazomenos, Heautontimorumenos, Antropos.
ROS SOS TOS ZOS
Accent the Penultimate.
Meleagros, Hecatoncheios, >(Egimuros, Nisyros, Pityonesoi?,
Hieronesos, Cephesos, Sebetos, Halieeetos, Miletos, Polytime-
tos, Aretos, Bathrotos, Topazos.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Sygaros, iEgoceros, Anteros, Meleagros, Myiagros, Absoros,
Amyros, Pegasos, Jalysos, Abatos, Aretos, Neritos, Acytos.
IPS OPS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
-ffigilips, iEthiops.
LAUS MAUS NAUS RAUS (in two syllables.)
Accent the Penultimate.
Archelaus, Menelaus, Agiaus, Agesilaus, Protesilaus, Nico-
laus, lolaus, Hermolaus, Critolaus, Aristolaus Dorylaus.
Amphiaraus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Iniaus.* Emmaus, CEnomaus, Danaus.
BUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Agabua, Alabus, Arabus, Molabus, Setabus, Erebus, Ctesi-
Dus, Deiphobus, Abubus, Polybus.
ACUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abdacus, Labdacus, Rhyndacus, iEacus, Ithacus.
lACUSf
Accent the Antepenultimate.
lalciacus, Phidiacus, Alabandiacus, Rhodiacus, Calchiacus,
Corinthiacus, Deliacus, Peliacus, Iliacus, Niliacus, Titaniacns,
Armeniacus, Messeniacus, Salaminiacus,Lemniacus,Ioniacus,
Sammoniacus, Tritoniacus, Gortyniacus, Olympiacus, Caspia-
cus, Mesembriacus, Adriacus, Iberiacus, Cytheriacus,Siriacus,
Gessoriacus, Cytoriacus, Syriacus, Phasiacus, Megalesiacus,
Etesiacus, Isiacus,Gnosiacns, Cnossiacus, Pausiacus, Amathu-
siacus, Pelusiacus, Prusiacus, Actiacus, Divitiacus, Byzantia-
cus, Thermodontiacus, Propontiacus, Hellespontiacus, Ses-
tiacus.
LACUS NACUS OACUS RACUS SACUS TACUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Benacus
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ablacus, Medoacus, Armaracus, Assaracus, ^sacus, Lamp-
sacus, Caractacus, Spartacus, Hyrtacus, Pittacus.
ICUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Caicus, Numicus, Demonicus, Granicus, Andronicus, Stra-
tonicus, Callistonicus, Aristonicus, Alaricus, Albericus, Rode-
* Imaus. — See the word in the Initial Vocabulary.
t All words of this termination have the accent on the i, pro-
nounced like the noun eije.
\ It may be observed, that words of this termination are
sometimes both substantives and adjectives. When they are
substantives^ they have the accent on the antepenultimate syl-
lable, as JVe'leus, Prome'theus, Salmo'neus, &c. ; and when
adjectives, on the penultimate, as J^Tele'us, Promethe'us, Sal-
mone'us, &.c. Thus, (Eneus, a king of Calydonia, is pro-
nounced in two syllables ; the adjective OEneus, which is foriVi-
ed from it, is a trisyllable and (Eneius, another formative of
ncus, Rudericus, Romericus, Hunnericua, Victoricus, Amatri-
cus, Henricus, Theodoricus, Ludovicus, Grenovicus, Varvicus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Thebaicus, Phocaicus, Chaldaicus, Bardaicus, Judaicus
Achaicus, Lechaicus, Panchaicus, Therrnaicus, Naicus, Pana
thenaicus, Cyrenaicus, Arabicus, Dacicus, Samothracicus, Tur
cicus, Areadicus, Sotadicus, Threcidicus, Chalcidicus, Alaban-
dicus, Judicus, Clondicus, Cornificus, Belgicus, AUobrogicus,
Georgicus, Coichicus, Delphicus, Sapphicus, Parthicus, Scy-
thicus, Pythicus, Stymphalicus, Pharsalicus, Thessalicus,
Italicus, Attalicus, Gallicus, Sabellicus, Tarbellicus, Argoli-
cns, Getulicus, Camicus, Ceramicus, Academicus, Grsecanicus,
Cocanicus, Tusoanicus, ^aniens, Hellanicus, Glanicus, Atel-
lanicus, Amanicus, Romanicus, Germanicus, Hispanicus,
Aquitanicus, Sequanicus, Poenicus, Alcmannicus, Britannicus,
Laconicus, Leuconicus, Adonicus, Macedonicus, Sandonicus,
lonicus, Hermionicus, Babyloniciis, Samonicus, Pannonicus^
Hieronicus, Platonicus, Santonicus, Sophronicus, Teutonicus,
Amazonicus, Hernicus, Liburnicus, Eubbicus, Troicus, Stbi-
cus, Olympicus, ^thiopicus, Pindaricus, Balcaricus, Marmar-
icus, Bassaricus, Cimbricus, Andricus, Ibericus, Trietericus,
Trevericus, Africus, Doricus, Pythagoricus, Leuctricus, Ad-
gandestricus, Istricus, Isauricus, Centauricus, Bituricus, Illyri-
cus, Syricus, Pagasicus, Moesicus, Marsicus, Persicus, Corsi
cus, Massicus, Issicus, Sabbaticus, Mithridaticus, Tegeaticus^
Syriaticus, Asiaticus, Dalmaticus, Sarmaticus, Cibyraticus,
Rhaeticus, Geticus, Gangeticus, -iEgineticus, Rhojticus, Creti-
cus, Memphiticus, Sybariticus, Abderiticus, Celticus, Atlanti
cus, Garamanticus, Alenticus, Ponticus, Scoticus, Mseoticus,
Boeoticus, Heracleoticus, Mareoticus, Phthioticus, Niloticus,
Epiroticus, Syrticus, Atticus, Alyatticus, Halyatticus, Medi-
astuticus.
OCUS UCUS YCUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Ophiucus, Inycus.
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Lauodocus, Amodocus, Amphilocus, Ibycus, Libycus, Bes-
bycus, Autolycus, Amycus, Glanycus, Corycus.
ADUS EDUS IDtrS ODUS YDUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Lebedus, Congedus, Alfredus, Aluredus, Emodus, Androdus
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Adadus, Enceladus, Aradus, Antaradus, Aufidus, Algidus
Lepidus, Hesiodus, Commodus, Monodus, Lacydus, Polydus.
^US GEUS'
Accent the Penultimate.
Niobaeus, Meliboeus, and all words of these terminationB.
EUSJ
Accent the Penultimate.
Lycambeus, Thisbens, Bereniceus, Lynceus (the brother ol
Idas), Simonideus, Euripideus, Pherecydeus, Piraeeus, Phege
us, Tegeus, Sigeus, Ennosigeus, Argeus, Baccheus, Motor
cheus, CepJieus, Rhipheus, Alpheus, Orpheus (adjective)
Erectheus, Prometheus (adjective), Cleantheus, Rhadaman
theus, Erymantheus, Pantheus (adjective), Dasdaleus, Sopho
cleus, Themistocleus, Eleus, Neleus (adjective), Oileus (ad
jective), Apelleus, Achillous, Perilleus, Luculleus, Agylleus
Pimpleus,Ebuleus, Asculeus, Masculeus, Cadmeus, Aristopha
neus, Cananeus, CEneus (adj. 3 syll.), CEneus (sub. 2 syll.)
Idomeneus, Schoeneus, Peneus, Phineus, Cydoneus, Androgeo
neus, Bioneus, Deucalioneus, Acrisioneus, Salmoneus (adjec
tive),Maroneus, Antenoreus,Phoroneus (adjective), Thyoneus,
Gyrneus, Epeus, Cyclopeus, Penelopeus, Phillipeus, Aganippe-
us, Menandreus (adjective), Nereus, Zagreus, Boreus, Hyper-
boreus, Polydoreus, Atreus (adjective), Centaureus, Nesseus,
Cisseus, CEteus, RhcBteus, Anteus, Abanteus, Phalanteua, The-
rodamanteus, Polydamanteus, Thoanteus, Hyanteus, Aconte-
us, Laomedonteus, Thermodonteus, Phaethonteus, Phlegethon-
teus, Oronteus, Thyesteus, Phryxeus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Gerionaceus, Menoeceus, Lynceus (adjective), Dorceus, Ca-
duceus, Asclepiadeus, Paladeus, Sotadeus, Tydeus, Orpheus
(substantive), Morpheus, Tyrrheus, Prometheus (substantive),
Cretheus, Mnesitheus, Dositheus, Pentheus (substantive),
Smintheus, Timotiieus, Brotheus, Dorotheus, Menestheus, Eu-
rystheus, Pittheus, Pytheus, Dajdaleus, ^gialeus, Malcus,
Tantaleus, Heracleus, Celeus, Eleleus, Neleus, Peleus, Nileus,
Oileus (substantive), Demoleus, Romuleus, Porgameus, Euga-
neus, Melaneus, Herculaneus, Cyaneus, Tyaneus, Coueus,
Dicaneus, Pheneus, CEneus, Cupidineus, Apollineus, Eniieus,
it, is a word of four syllables. Rut these words, when formed
into English adjectives, alter their termination with the ac-
cent on the penultimate :
" With other notes than to the OrphSan lyre.'*
Milton.
" The tuneful tongue, the PromethMn band."
Akxnsidv
And sometimes on the antepenultimate ; as,
" The sun, as from Thyestian banquet turn'3 **
MllTuir.
990
GREEK AND LATLN PROPER NAMES.
Adoneug, Aridoaeus, Gorgoneus, Deioneus, Ilioneus, Mimallo-
neus, Salmoneus (substantivol, Acroneus, Phoroneus (substan-
tive), Albuneusj Enipeus, Siuopeus, Hippeus, Aristippeus,
Areus, Macareus, Tyndareus, Megareus (substantive), Capha-
lem (sabstantive), Briareus, ^sareus, Patareus, Cythereus,
Phaiereus, Nereus (substantive), Tereus, Adoreus, Mentoreus,
Nestoreus, Atreus (substantive), Caucaseus, Pegaseus, The-
seus, Perseus, Nicteus, ArgenteuS) Bronteus, Proteus, Agyeus
AGUS EGUS IGUS OGUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Cethegns, Robigus, Rubigus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
-(Egophagus, Osphagus, Neomagus, Rothomagus, Nioma-
gus, Noviomagus, Caesaromagus, Sitomagus, Areopagus, Har-
pagus, Arviragus, Uragus, Astrologus.
ACHUS OCHUS UCHUS YCHUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Daduchus, Ophiuchus.
.Accent the Antepenultimate.
Telemachus, D'aimachus, Deimachus, Alcimachus, Cal-
limachus, Lysimachus, Antimachus, Symmaclius, Androma-
chus, Clitomachus, Aristomachus, Eurymachus, Inachus,
lamblichus, Demodochus, Xenodochus, Deiochus, Antiochus,
Deilochus, ArchiJochus, Mnesilochus, Tbersilochus, Orsilo-
chus, Antilochus, Nauloehus, Eurylochus, Agerochus, Polyo-
chus, Monychus, Abronychus.
APHUS EPHOS IPHUS OPHUS YPHUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Josephus, Seriphus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ascalaphus, Epaphus, Palsepaphus, Anthropographus, Tele-
phus, Absephus, Agastrophus, Sisyphus.
ATHUS ^THUS ITHUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Simaethas.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Archagathus, Amathus, Lapathus, Carpathus, Mychithus.
AIUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Caius, Laius, Graius. — See Achai^ .
ABIUS IBIUS OBIUS UBIUS YBIUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Fabius, Arabius, Baebius, Vibius^ Albius, Amobius, Ma-
crobius, Androbius, Tobius, Virbius, Lesbius, Enbius, Danu-
bius, Marrhubius, Talthybius, Polybius.
cms
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Acacias, Ambracius, Acracius, Thracius, Athracius, Samo-
thracius, Lampsacius, Arsacius, Byzacius, Accius, Siccius,
Decius, Threicius, Cornificius, Cilicius, Numicius, Apicius,
Sulpicius, Fabricius, Oricius, Cincius, Mincius, Marcius, Cir-
cius, Hircius, Roscius, Albucius, Lucius, Lycius, Bebrycius.
DIUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Leccadius, Icadius, Arcadius, Palladius, Tenedius, Albidius,
Didius, Thucydidius, Fidius, Aufidius, Eufidius, ^gidius,
Nigidius, Obsidius, Gratidius, Brutidius, Helvidins, Ovidius,
Rhodius, Clodius, Hannodius, Gordius, Claudius, Rudius,
Lydins.
EIUS*
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Daneius, Cocceius, Lyrceius, yEacideius, Lelegius, Sigeius,
Baccheius, Cepheius, Typhceeius, Cretheius, Pittheius, Saleius,
Semeleius, Neleius, Stheneleius, Proculeius, Septimuleius,
Canuleins, Venuleius, Apuleius,Egnatuleius, Sypyleius, Pria-
meiug, Cadmeius, Tyaneius, ^neius, Clymeneius, CEneius,
Autoneius, Schceneius, Lampeius, Rhodopeius, Dolopeius,
Priapeius, Pompeius, Tarpeius Cynareius, Cythereias, Ne-
reius, Satureius, Vultureius, Cinyreius, Nyseius, Teius, He-
cateius, Elateius, Rhoeteius, Atteius, Minyeius.
* Almost all the words of this termination are adjectives,
and in these the vowels ei form distinct syllables ; the others,
as Cocceivs, Saleius, Proculeius, Canuleins, Apuleius, Egva-
tulcius. Schceneius, Lampeius, VuUzireius, Atteius, and Miny-
eius, are substantives ; and which, though sometimes pro-
nounced with the ei forming a diphthong, and sounded like the
noun eye, are more generally heard like the adjectives ; so that
the whole list may be fairly included under the same general
rule, that of sounding the e separately, and the i like y conso-
nant, as in the similar terminations in eia and ia. This is the
more necessary in these words, as the accented e and the un-
accented i are so much alike, as to require the sound of the
initial or consonant y, in order to prevent the hiatus, by giving
a email diversity to th two vowels — See Ac ha i a
GIUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
•t Valgius, Belgius, Catangius, Sergius, Ascoburgiufl, Oiy
gius.
CHroS PHIUS THIUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Sperchius.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Inachius, Bacchius, Dulichius, Telechius, Munychius, IIe*;y
chius, Tychius, Cyniphius, Alpliius, Adelphius, Sisyplius,
Eiiiathius, Simffitliius, Acithius, Melanthius, Erymanthius,
Corinthius, Zerynthius, Tirynthius.
ALIUS ^LIUS ELIUS ILIUS ULIUS YLIUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
CEbalius, Idalius, Acidalius, PalEephalius, Stymphalius, Ms-
nalius, Opalius, Thessalius, Castalius, Publius, Heraclius,|
^lius, CaBlius, LjeUus, Delius, Mehus, Cornelius, Coilius,
Clcelius, Aurelius, Nyctelius, Praxitolius, Abilius, Babilius,
Carbihus, Orbilins, Acilius, Caecilius, Lucilius, iEdilius, Vir-
gilius, ^milius, Manilius,Pompilius, Turpilius, Atilius,Basi-
lius,J Cantilius, Q.uintilius, Hostilius, Attilius,Rutilius, Duil-
ius, Sterquilius, Carvilius, Servilius, Callius, Trebellius, Cas-
cellius, Gellius, Arellius, Vitellius, Tullius, Manlius, Tenolius,
Nauplius, Daulius, Julius, Amulius, Pamphylius, Pylius.
MIUS
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Samius, Ogmius, Isthmius, Decimius, Septimius,Rhemmius
Memmius, Mummius, Nomius Bromius, Latmius, Posthu
mius.
ANIUS ENIUS INIUS ENNIUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Anius, Libanius, Canius, Sicanius, Vulcanius, Ascanius,
Dardanius, Clanius, Manius, Afranius, Granius, ^nius, Mse-
nius. Genius, Borysthenius, Lenius, Valenius, Cyllenius, Ole-
nius, Menius, Achsemenius, Armenius, Ismenius, Pcenius, Si-
renius, Messenius, Dossenius, Polyxenius, Trcezenius, Gabini-
us, Albinius, Licinius, Sicinius, Virginius, Trachinius, Mini-
us, Salaminius, Flaminius, Etiminius, Arminius, Herminius
Caninius, Tctritinius, Asinius, Eleusinius, Vatinius, Flavini
us, Tarquinius, Cilnius, Tolumnius, Annius, Fannius, Elan
nius, Ennius, Fescennius, Dossennius.
ONIUS UNIUS YNIUS OIUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Aonius, Lycaonius, Chaonius, Machaonius, Amythaonius,
Trebonius, Heliconius, Stiliconius, Asconius, Macedonius,
Chalcedonius, Caledonius, Sidonius, Alchandonius, Mandoni
us, Dodonius, Cydonius, Calydonius, Maeonius, Paeon i us, Ago-
nius, Gorgonius, Lasstrygonius, Lestrygonius, Trophonius,
Saphonius, Marathonius, Sithonius, Ericthonius, Aphthonius,
Arganthonius, Tithonius, lonius, CEdipodionius, Echionins,
Ixionius, Salonius, Milonius, Apollonius, Babylonius, ^mo-
nius, Lacedffimonius, Haemonius, Palaemonius, Ammonius,
Strymonius, Nonius, Memnonius, Agamemnonius, Cranno-
nius, Vennonius, Junonius, Pomponius, Acronius, Sophronius,
Scironius, Sempronius, Antronius, ^sonius, Ausonius, Lato-
nius, Suetonius, Antonius, Bistonius, Plutonius, Favonius,
Amazonius, Esernius, Calphurnius, Saturnius, Daunius, Ju-
nius, Neptunius, Gortynius, Typhbius, Acheldius, Minoius,
Trbius.
APIUS OPIUS IPIUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Agapius, ^sculapius, ^sapius, Messapius, Grampius, Pro-
copius, Qilnopius, Cecropius, Eutropius, JEsopius, Mopsopius,
Gippius, PuppiuSj Caspius, Thespius, Cispius.
ARIUS ERIUS IRIUS ORIUS URIUS YRIUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Darius. ,
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Arius, Icarius, Tarcundarius, Ligarius, Sangarius, Corinthi-
arius, Larius, Marius, Hierosolymarius, ^narius, Taenarius,
Asinarius, Isinarius, Varius, Januarius, Aquarius, Februari-
us, Atuarius, Imbrius, Adrius,Evandrius, Laberius, Biberius,
Tiberius, Celtiberius, Vinderius, Acherius, Valerius, Nume-
rius, Hesperius, Agrius, CEagrius, Cenchrius, Rabirius, Poda-
lirius, Sirius, Virius, Bosphorius, Elorius, Florins, Actorius,
\
t Labbe places the accent of ihis word on the penultimate,
i, as in Heraclitus and Heraclida> ,• but the Roman emperor of
this name is so generally pronounced with the antepenulti-
mate accent, that it would savor of pedantry to alter it. Nor
do I understand the reason on which Labbe founds his ac-
centuation.
:{: This word, the learned contend, ought to have the accent
on the penultimate ; but that the learned frequently depart
from this pronunciation, by placing the accent on the antepe-
nultimate, may be seen, Rule 31, prefixed to the Initial Vo-
cabulary.
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
991
Anactorins, Sertorius, Caprius, Cyprios, Arrins, Feretrius,
CEnotrius, Adgandestrius, Caystrius, Epidaurius, Cnrins,
Mercurius, Durius, Furius, Palfurius, Thurius, Mamurias,
Purius, Masarme, Spurius, Veturius, Asturias, Atabyrins,
Scyrius, Porphyrias, Assyrius, Tyrius.
ASIUS ESIUS ISIUS OSIUS USIUS YSIUS.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Asius, Casius, Thasius, Jasius, ^sius, Acesius, Coracesius,
Arcesius, Mendesius, Chesius, Ephesius, Milesius, Theame-
Bius, Teumesius, iEnesius, Magnesius, Proconnesius, Cherso-
nesius, Lyrnesius, Marpesius, Acasesius, Meiitesius, Adylisius,
Amisius, Artemisius, Simoisius, Charisius, Acrisius, Horteii-
sius, Syracosiusj Theodosius, Gnosius, Sosius, Mopsius, Cas-
sias, Thalassius, Lyrnessins, Cressius, Tartessius, Syracusius,
Fusins, Agusius, Amathusius, Ophiusius, Ariusius, Volusius,
Selinusius, Acherusius, Maurusius, Lysius, Elysius, Dionysius,
Odrysius, Amphrysias, Otiirysius.
ATIUS ETIUS ITIUS OTIUS UTIUS.
Accent the Penultimate.
Xenophontius.
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Trebatius, Catius, Volcatius, Acliatius, Latius, Caesenatius,
Egnatias, Gratius, Horatius, Tatius, Luctatius, Statius, Acti-
us, Vectius, Gluiiictius, Aetius, -iEtins, Pansetius, Prsetius,
Cetius, Caeetius, Vegitius, Metius, Moenetius, Lucretius, Hel-
vetius, Saturnalitius, Floralitius, Ccinpitalitius, Domitius, Be-
ritius, Neritius, Crassitius, Titius, Politius, Abundantius,
Paeantius, Taulantins, Acamantius,Teuthrantius, Lactantius,
Hyantius, Byzantius, Terentius, Cluentios, Maxentius, Me-
zentius, (iuintius, Acontius, Vocontius, Laomedontius, Leon-
tius, Pontius, Hellespontius, Acherontius, Bacuntius, Opunti-
U9, Aruntius, Maeotius, Tliesprotius, Scaptius, ^gyptius,
Martius, Laertius, Propertius, Hirtius, Mavortius, Tiburtius,
Curtius, Tliestius, Themistius, Canistius, Sallnstius, Crustius,
Carystius, Hymettius, Bruttius, Abutius, Ebutius, ^butius,
Albutius, Acutias, Locutius, Stercutius, Mutius, Minutius,
Pretutius, Clytius, Bavius, Flavius, Navius, Evius, Maevius,
Nffivius, Ambivius, Livius, Milvius, Fulvius, Sylvius, Novius,
Servius, Vesvius, Pacuvius, Vitruvius, Vesuvius, Axius,
Naxius, Alexius, Ixius, Sabazius.
ALUS CLUS ELUS ILUS OLUS ULUS YLUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Stymphalus, Sardanapalus, Androclus, Patroclus, Doryclus,
Orbelus, Philomel us, Eunaelus, Phasaelus, Phaselus, Crysilus,
Cimolus, Timolus, Tmolus, Mausolus, Pactolus, -^tolus,
Atabulus, Praxibulus, Cleobulus, Critobulus, Acontobulus,
Aristobulus, Eubulus, Thrasybulus, Getulus, Bargylus, Mas-
sy 1 us.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abalus, Heliogabalus, Corbalus,Bubalus,CocaluB, Daedalus,
Idalus, Acidalus, Megalus, Trachalus, Cephalus, Cynoceph-
alus, Bucephalus, Anchialus, Maenalus, Hippalus, Ilarpalus,
Bupalus, Hypalus, Thessalus, Italus, Tantalus, Crotalus, Or-
talus, Attains, Euryalus, Doryclus, Stiphelus, Sthenelus, Eu-
trapelus, Cypselus, Babilus, Diphilus, Antiphilus, Pamphilus,
Theophilus, Damophilus, Trbilus, Zoilus, Choerilus, Myrtilus,
yEgobolus, Naubolus, Equicolus, iEolus, Laureolus, Anchem-
olus, Bibulus, Bibaculus, Caeculus, Grasculus, Siculus, Sa-
ticulus, jEquiculus, Paterculus, Acisculus, Regulus, Romulus,
Venulus, Apulus, Salisubsulus, Vesulus, Catulus, Gaetulus,
Getulus, Opitulus, Lentulus, Rutulus, ^schylus, Deiphylus,
Demylus, Deipylus, Sipylus, Empylus, Cratylus, Astylus.
AMUS EMUS IMUS OMUS UMUS YMUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Callidemus, Charidemus, Pethodemus, Philodemus, Phano-
demus, Clitodemus, Aristodemus, Polyphemus, Theotimus,
Hermotimus, Aristotimus, Ithomus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Lygdamus, Archidamus, Agesidamns, Apusidamus, Anaxi-
damus, Zeuxidamus, Androdamus, Xenodamus, Cogamus,
Pergamus, Orchamus, Priamus, Cinnamus, Ceramus, Abdira-
mus, Pyramus, Anthemus, Telemus, Tlepolemus, Theopole-
mus, Neoptolemus, Phaedimus, Abdalonimus, Zosimus, Maxi-
mus, Antidomus, Amphinomus, Nicodromus, Didymus, Dindy-
mus, Helymus, Solymus, Cleonymus, Abdalonymus, Hierony-
mus, Euonymus, ^symus.
ANUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Artabanus, Cebanus, Thebanus, Albanus, Nerbanus, Vor-
banus, Labicanus, Gallicanus, Africanus, Sicanus, Vaticanus,
Lavicanus, Vulcanus, Hyrcanus, Lucanus, Transpadauus,
Pedanns, Apidanus, Fundanus, Oodanus, Eanus, Garganus,
Murhanus, Baianus, Trajanus, Fabianus, Accianus, Prisci-
anus, Roscianus, Lucianus, Seleucianus, Herodianus, Claudi-
* This is the name of a certain astrologer mentioned by Peta-
vius, which, Labbe says, would be pronounced with the accent
on the antepenultimate by those who are ignorant of Greek.
t The singular ofMorini. — See the word.
anus, Saturcianns, Sejanus, Carteianus, iElianus, AfBianus,
Lucilianus, Virgilianus, Petilianus, Quintilianus, Catullianus,
Tertullianus, Julianas, Ammianus, Memmianus, Formianus,
Diogenianus, Scandinianus, Papinianus, Valentinianus, Jus-
tinianas, Trophonianus, Othonianns, Pomponianus, Maronia-
nus, Apronianus, Thyonianus, Trojanus, Ulpianus, JEsopia-
nus, Apianus, Oppianus, Marianas, Adrianus, Hadrianus, Ti-
berianus, Valerianus, Papirianus Vespasianus, Hortensianus,
Tteodosianus, Bassianus, Pelusainus, Diocletianus, Domitia-
nus, Antianus, Scantianus, Terentianus, Cluintianus, Sestia-
nus, Augustianus, Sallustianus, Pretutianus, Sextianus, Flavi-
anus, Bovianus, Pacuvianus, Alanus, Elanus, Silanos, Fregel-
lanus, Atellanus, Regillanns, LucuUanus, Sullanus, Syllanus,
Carseolanus, Pateolanus, Coriolanus, Ocriculanus, .(Esculanus,
Tasculanns, Carsulanus, Fassulanus, Q,uerquetnlanus, Ama-
nus, Lemanas, Summanus, Romanus, Rhenanus, Amenanus
Pucinanus, Cinnanus, Campanus, Hispanus, Sacranus, Vena-
franus, Claranus, Ulubranus, Seranus, Lateranus, Coranua
Soranus, Serranus, Suburranus, Gauranus, Suburanus, Ancy-
ranus, Cosanus, Sinuessanus, Syracusanus, Satanus, Laletanus,
Tunetanus, Abretanus, Cretanus, Setabitanus, Gaditanus, Tin-
gitanus, Caralitanus, Neapolitanus, Antipolitanus, Tomita-
nus, Taurominitanus, Sybaritanus, Liparitanus, Ahderitanus,
Tritanus, Ancyritanus, Lucitanus, Pantanus, Nejentanus, No-
mentanus, Beneventanus, Montanus, Spartanus, Paestanus,
Adelstanus, Tutanus, Sylvanus, Albinovanus, Adeantuanus,
Mantuanus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Libanus, Clibanus, Antiiibauus, Oxycanus, Eridanus, Rh®
danus, Dardanus, Oceanus, Longimanus, Idumanus, Dripanus,
Caranus, Adranus, Coeranus, Tritanus, Panianus, Sequanus.
ENUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Characenus, Lampsacenus, Astacenus, Picenus, Damascenus,
SufFenus, Alfenus, Alphenus, Tyrrhenus, Gabienus, Labienue
Avidenus, Amenus, Pupienus, Garienus, Cluvienus, Calenus,
Galenus, Silenus, Pergamenus, Alexamenus, Ismenus, Thrasy
menus, Trasymenus, Diopoenns, Capenus, Cebrenus, Fibrenus,
Serenus, Palmyrenus, Amasenus, Tibisenus, Misenus, Evenus,
Byzenus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ambenus, Helenus, Olenus, Tissamenus, Dexamenus, Dia-
dumenus, Clymenus, Periclymenus, Axenas, Callixenus, Phi-
loxenus, Timoxenus, Aristoxenus.
INUS YNUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Cytainus, Gabinus, Sabinus, Albinus, Sidicinus, Aricinus,
Sicinns, Ticinus, Mancinus, Adminocinus, Carcinus, Cosci-
nus, Marrucinus, Erycinus, Acadinus, Caudinus, Rufinus,
Rheginus, Erginus, Opiturginus, Auginus, Hyginus, Pachinus,
Echinus, Delphinus, Myrrhinus, Pothinus, Facelinus, Velinus,
Stergilinus, Esquilinus, ^squilinus, Caballinus, Marcellinus,
Tigellinus, Sibyllinus, Agyllinus, Solinus, Capitolinus, Gemi-
nus,* Maximinus, Crastuminus, Anagninus, Signinus, Theo-
ninus, Saloninus, Antoninus, Amiterninus, Saturninus, Priapi-
nus, Salapinus, Lcpinus, Alpinus, Inalipinus, Arpinus, Hir-
pinus, Crispinus, Rutupinus, Lagarini>s, Charinus, Diochari-
nus, Nonacrinus, Fibrinus, Lucrinus, Leandrinus, Alexandri-
nus, Iberinus, Tiberinus, Transtiberinus, Amerinus, ^seri
nus, Cluirinus, Censorinus, Assorinus, Favorinus, Phavorinus,
Taurinus, Tigurinus, Thurinus, Semurinus, Cyrinus, Myrinus,
Gelasinus, Exasinus, Acesinus, Halesinus, Telesinus, Nepesi-
nas, Brundisinus, Nursinus, Narcissinus, Libyssinus, Fuscinus,
Clusinus, Venusinus, Perusinus, Susinus, Ardeatinus, Reati-
nus, Antiatinus, Latinus, CoUatinus, Cratinus, Soractinus,
Aretinus, Arretinus, Setinus, Bantinus, Murgantinus, Pha-
lantinus, Numantinus, Tridentinus, Ufentinus, Murgentinus,
Salentinus, Pollentinus, Polentinus, Tarentinus, Terentinus,
Surrentiniis, Laurentinus, Aventinus, Truentinas, Leontinus,
Pontinus, Metapontinus, Saguntinus, Martinus, Mamertinus,
TiburtinuR, Crastinus, Palaestinus, Praenestinub, Atestinus,
Vestinus, Augustinus, Justinus, Lavinub, Patavinus, Acuinus,
Elvinus, Corvinus, Lanuvinus, Vesuvinus, Euxinus.
Accent t'ie Antepenultimate.
Phainus, Acinus, Alcinus, Fucinus, .^acidinus, Cyteinus
Barchinus, Morinus,| Myrrhinus, Terminus, Ruminus, Eari
nus, Asinus, Apsinus, Myrsinus, Pometinus, Agrantinus,
Acindynus.
ONUS UNUS YNUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Drachonus, Onochonus, Ithonus, Tithonus, Myronus, Nep~
tunus, Portunua, Tutunus, Bithynus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Exagonus, Hexagonus, Telegonus, Epigonus, Erigonus,
Tosigonus, Antigonus, Laogonus, Chrysogonus, Nebrophonus,
Aponus, Carantonus, Santonue, Aristonus, Dercynus.
As the i in the foregoing selection has the accent on it, it
ought to be pronounced like the noun eije ; while the unac-
cented i in this selection should be pronounced like «, — See
Rule 4th prefixed to the fnitial Vocabulary
992
GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES.
ous
Accent the Penultimate.
Aoiis, Laoiis, Sardoiis, Eolis, Geloiis, Achelous, Inoiis, Mi-
nous, Naupactous, Arctous, Myrtoiis.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Hydrochoiis, AleathoUs, PirithoHs, NausithoUs, AlcmoUs,
Sphinous, Antinous.
APUS EPUS IPUS OPUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Priapus, Anapus, -iEsapus, Messapus, Athapus, ^sepus,
Euripus, Lycopus, Melanopus, Canopas, Inopus, Paropus,
Oropus. Europus, Asopus, JEsopus, Crotopus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
8arapus, Astapus, CEdipus, Agiiopus, Oropus.
ARUS ERUS mUS ORUS URUS YRUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Cimarus, ^sarus, Iberus, Doberus, Homerus, Severus,
Noverus, Meleagrus, CEagrus, Cynsegirus, Camirus, Epirus,
Achedorus, Artemidorus, Isidorus, Dionysidorus, Theodorus,
Pythodorus, Diodorus, Tryphiodorus, Heliodorus, Asclepiodo-
rus, Athesiodorus, Cassiodorus, Apollodorus, Demodorus,
Hcrmodorus, Xenodorus, Metrodorus, Polydorus, Alorus,
Elorus, Helorus, Pelorus, ^gimorus, Assorus, Cytorus, Epi-
curus, Palinurus, Arcturus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abarus, Imbarus, Hypobams, Icarus, Pandarus, Pindarus,
Pyndarus, Tearus, Farfarus, Agarus, Abgarus, Gargarus,
Opharus, Cantharus, Obiarus, Uliarus, Silarus, Cyllarus,
Tamarus, Absimarus, Comarus, Vindomarus, TomaruSj Is-
marus, Ocinarus, Pinarus, Ciniiarus, Absarus, Bassarus, Deio-
tarus, Tartarus, Eleazarus, Artabrus, Balacrus, Charadrus,
Cerberus, Bellerus, Mermerus, Termerus, Hesperus, Craterus,
Icterus, Anigrus, Glaphirus, Deborus, Pacorus, Stesichorus,
Gorgopliorus, Telesphorus, Bosphorus, Phosphorus, Heptapo-
rus, Euporas, Anxurus, Deipyrus,Zopyrus, Leucosyrus, Saty-
fus, Tityrus.
ASUS ESUS ISUS OSUS US US YSUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Parnassus, Galesus, Halesus, Volesus, Termesus, Theume-
sus, Teumesus, Alopeconnesus, Proconnesus, Arconnesus,
Elaphonnesus, Demonesus, Cherronesus, Chersonesus, Arcten-
nesus, Myonnesus, Halonesus, Cephalonesus, Peloponnesus,
Oromyonesus, Lyrnesus, Marpesus, Titaresus, Alisus, Para-
disus, Amisus, Paropamisus, Crinisus, Amnisus, Berosus,
Agrosus, Ebusus, Amphrysas.
* All words ending in stratum have the accent on the ante-
penultimate Byliable.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Oribasus, Bubasns, Caucasus, Pedasus, Agasus, Pegasaa
Tamasus, Harpasus, Imbrasus, Cerasus, Doryasus, Vogesua
Vologesus, Ephesus, Anisus, Genusus, Ambrysus.
ATUS ETUS ITUS OTUS UTUS YTUS
Accent the Penultimate. ^
Rubicatus, Baeticatus, Abradatus, Ambigatus, Viriatus, Ela
tus, Pilatus, Catugnatus, Cincinnatus, Odenatus, Leonatus
Aratus, Pytharatus, Demaratus, Acratus, Ceratus, Sceleratus
Serratus, Dentatus, Duatus, TorquatuS; Febrnatus, Achetus
Polycletus, ^gletus, Miletus, Admetus, Tremetus, Diognetus
Dyscinetus, Capetus, Agapetus, lapetus, Acretus, Oretus,
Hermaphroditus, Epaphroditus, Heraclitus, Munitus, Agapi
tus, Cerritus^ Bituitus, Polygnotus, Azotus, Acutus, Slercu
tus, Cornutas, Cocytus, Berytus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Deodatus, Palasphatus, Inatus, Acratus, Dinocratus, Eehes-
tratus,* Amestratus, Menestratus, Amphistratus, Callistra-
tus, Damasistratus, Erasistratus, Agesistratus, Hegesistratus,
Pisistratus, Sosistratus, Lysistratrs, Nicostratus, Cleostra-
tus, Damostratus, Demostratus, Sostratus, Philostratus, Di-
nostratus, Hnrostratus, Eratostratus, Polystratus, Acrotatus,
Taygetus, Demaenetus, lapetus, Tacitus," Iphitus, Onomacri-
tus, Agoracritas. Onesicritus, Cleocritus, Damocritus, Democ-
ritus, Aristocritus, Antidotas, Theodotus, Xenodotus, Herod-
otus, Cephisodotus, Libanotus, Leuconotus, Euronotus, Age
simbrotus, Stesimbrotus, Theombrotus, Cleombrotus, Hippol-
ytus, Anytus, -lEpytus, Eurytus.
AVUS EVUS IVUS UUS XUS YUS ZU3 XYS U
Accent the Penultimate.
Agavus, Timavus, Saravus, Batavus,! Versevus, Sliovus,
Gradivus, Argivus, Briaxus, Oaxus, Araxus, Eudoxus, Trap©
zus, Charaxys.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Batavus, Inuus, Fatuus, Tityus, Diascoridus.
DAX LAX NAX RAX RIX DOX ROX
Accent the Penultimate.
Ambrodax, Demonax, Hipponax.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Arctophylax, Hegesianax, Herinesianax, Lysianax, Astya-
nax, Agonax, Hierax, Caetobrix, Eporedorix, Deudorix, Am-
biorix, Dumnorix, Adiatorix, Orgetorix, Biturix, Cappadox,
Allobrox.
j This word is pronounced with the accent either on the
penultimate or antepenultimate syllable : the former, however
is the most general, especially among the poets.
rui.es
FOR THE
PRONUNCIATIOI^
OF
SCRIPTUliE PROPER NAMES.
ADVERTISEMENT.
The true pronunciation of the Hebrew language, as Doctor
Lovvth observes, is lost. To refer us for assistance to the
Masoretic points, would be to launch us on a sea without
shore or bottom : the only compass, by which we can possibly
Bteer on this boundless ocean, is the Septuagint version of the
Hebrew Bible ; and, as it is highly probable the translators
transfused the sound of the Hebrew proper names into the
Greek, it gives us something like a clew to guide us out of the
labyrinth. But even here we are often left to guess our way ;
for the Greek word is frequently so different from the Hebrew,
as scarcely to leave any traces of similitude between them.
En this case, custom and analogy must often decide, and the ear
must sometimes solve the difficulty. But these difficulties re-
late chiefly to the accentuation oi Hebrew words : and the
method adopted in this point will be seen in its proper place.
I must here acknowledge my obligations to a very learned
and useful work— the Scripture Lexicon of Mr. Oliver. As
the first attempt to facilitate the pronunciation of Hebrew
proper names, by dividing them into syllables, it deserves the
highest praise : but, as I have often differed widely from this
gentleman in syllabication, accentuation, and the sound of the
vowels, 1 have thought it necessary to give my reasons for this
difference,' which will be seen under the Rules ; of the validi
ty of which reasons the reader will be the best judge.
N. B. As there are many Greek and Latin proper names in
Scripture, particularly in the New Testament, which are to
be met with in ancient history, some of them have been omit-
ted in this selection : and therefore, if the inspector does not
find them here, he is desired to seek for them in the Vtwabukr
ry of Greek and Latin Names.
RULES
FOR PRONOUNCING
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
1. IN the pronunciation of the letters of the Hebrew proper
names, we find nearly the same rules prevai as in those of
Greek and Latin. Where the vowels end a syllable with the
accent on it, they have their long open sound, as JVa'bal, Je'-
hu, Si'rach, Go'shen, and Tu'bal. (See Rule 1st prefixed to
the Greek and Latin Proper JVamesA
2. When a consonant ends the syllable, the preceding vowel
is short, as Sam'u-el, Lem'u-el, Sim'e-on, Sol'o-mon, SiLc'coth,
Syn'a-gogue. (See Rule 2d prefixed to the Greek and Latin
Proper JVames,) I here differ widely from Mr. Oliver ; for I
cannot agree with him, that the e in Abdiel, the o in Arnon,
and the u in Ashur, are to be pronouoced like the ee in seen,
the in tone, and the u in tune, which is the rule he lays
down for all similar words.
3. Every final i, forming a distinct syllable, though unac-
cented, has the long open sound, as A'i, A^ris'a-i. (See Rule
4th prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper A''ames.)
4. Every unaccented i, ending a syllable, not final, is pro-
nounced like e, as A'ri-el, Ab'di-el, pronounced A'rc-el, Ab'-
de-el. (See Rule 4th prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper
JVames.)
5. The vowels ai are sometimes pronounced in one syllable,
and sometimes in two. As the Septuagint version is our chief
guide in the pronunciation of Hebrew proper names, it may
Be observed, that when these letters are jjronounced as a
diphthong in one syllable, like our English diphtliong in the
word daily, they are either a diphthong in the Greek w ord,
ar expressed by the Greek £ or i, as Ben-ai'ah, Bavaia ;
Hu'shai. Xycrl ; Hu'fai, Ovpl, Sec; and that wJien they are
oronounced in two syllables, as Sham'ma-i, Shash'a-i,
Ber-a-i'ah, it is because the Greek words by which they
are translated, as 'S.a^al, 'Ztch, Bapa'ia, make two syllables
of these vowels. Mr. Oliver has not always attenddH to this
distinction : he makes Sin'a~i three syllables, though the
Greeks made it but two in Hivd. That accurate prosodist,
Labbe, indeed, makes it a trisyllable 5 but he does the same
Dy Aaron and Canaan, which our great classic Milton uni-
formly reduces to two syllables, as well as Sinai. If we were
to pronounce it in three syllables, we must necessarily make
the first syllable short, as in Shim'e-i; but this is so contrary
to the best usage, that it amounts to a proof that it ought to
be pronounced in two syllables, with the first i long, as in
Shihiar. This, however, must be looked upon as a general
rule only : these vowels in Isaiah, Grtecised by 'Ho-ai'.-jf , are
always pronounced as a diphthong, or, at least, with the ac-
cent on the a, and the i like y articulating the succeeding
vowel ; in Caiaphas, likewise, the ai is pronounced like a diph-
thong, though divided in the Greek Ka'icpaag ; which division
caimot take place in this word, because the i must then ne-
cessarily have the accent, and must be pronounced as in Isaac,
as Mr. Oliver has marked it ; but I think contrary to univer-
sal usage. The only point necessary to be observed in the
sound of this diphthong is, the slight difference we perceive
between its medial and final position : when it is final, it is
exactly like the English ay without the accent, as in hohjday,
roundelay, galloway ; but when it is in the middle of a v.-ord,
and followed by a vowel, the i is pronounced as if it were y,
and as if this y articulated the succeeding vowel : thus Ben-
ai'ah 13 pronounced as if written Ben-a'yak.
6. Ch is pronounced like k, as Chebar, Chemosh, Enoch,
&c., pronounced Kebar, Kemosh, Enoch, &c. Cherubim and
Rachel seem to be perfectly Anglicised, as the ch in these
words is always heard as in the English words cheer, child,
riches, &c. (See Rule 12th prefixed to the Greek and Latin
Proper Jfamcs.) The same may be observed of Cherub, sig-
nifying an order of angels ; but when it means a city of the
Babylonish empire, it ought to be pronounced Ke'rub.
7. Almost the only difference in the pronunciation of the
Hebrew, and the Greek and Latin proper names, is in the
sound of tlie g before e and i -. in the two last languages, this
consonant is always soft before these voxels, as Gellius,
Gippius, &c., pronounced Jellius, Jippius, &c.; and in the
first, it is hard, as Gera, Gerizim, Gideon, Gilgal, Megiddo,
Megiddon, &c. This difference is without all foundation in
ctymohgyj for both o- and c were always liatd in tlie Greek
and Latin languages, as well as in the Hebrew ; but ihe lat^v*
language being studied so much less thaa the Greek and Latin
it has not undergone that change whicl" familiarity is sure to
produce in all languages: and even the solemn distance of thia
language has not been able to keep the letter c from sliding
into s before e and i, in the same manner as in the Greek and
Latin : thus, though Gehazu Gideon, &c., have the g hard,
Cedrom, Cedron, Cisai, and Cittern, have the c soft, as if
written Sedrom, Sedron, &c. The same may be observed of
Igeabarim, Igeal, JVagge, Shagc, Pagiel, with the g hard :
and Ocidelus, Ocina, and Pharacion, with the c soft like s.
8. Geiitiles, as they are called, ending in iries and ites, as
Philistines, Hivites, Hittites, &lc., being Anglicised in the
translation of the Bible, are pronounced like formatives of our
own, as Philistins, Whitfieldites, Jacobites, &c.
9. The unaccented termination ah, so frequent in Hebrew
proper names, ought to be pronounced like the a in father.
The tt in this termination, however, frequently falls into the
indistinct sound heard in the final a in Africa, ^tna, &.c.-,
nor can we easily perceive any distinction in this respect be-
tween Elijah SLndElisha : but the final h preserves the othei
vowels open, as Colhozeh, Shiloh, Sec, pronounced Culhozee
Shilo, &LC. (See Rule 7th p'refixed to the Greek and Latin
Proper J\''ames.) The diphthong ei is always pronounced like
ee : thus Sa-mei'us is pronounced as if written Sa-mee'us.
But if the accent be on the ah, then the a ought to be pro-
nounced like the a in father ; as Tah'e-ra, Tah'pe-nes, etc.
10. It may be remarked, tJiat there are several Hebrew prop-
er names, which, by passing through the Greek of the New
Testament, have conformed to the Greek pronunciation ; such
as Aceldama^ Genesareth, Bethphage, k.c., pronounced
Aseldama, Jenezareth, Bethphaje, <5cc. This is, in my
opinion, more agreeable to the geiieralanalogy of pronouncing
these Hebrew-Greek words than preserving the c and g har.'.
Rules for ascertaining the English Quantitij of the
Vowels i7i Hebrew Proper Names.
11. With respect to the quantity of the first vowel in dis-
syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, I have follow-
ed the rule which we observe in the pronunciation of such
dissyllables when Greek or Latin words ; (see Rule 18th pre-
fixed to the Greek and Latin Proper Mames ;) and that is, to
place the accent on the first vowel, and to pronoimce that
vow-el long, as Eo'rah, and not Koi-'ah, Mo'loch, and not
Mol'och, as Mr. Oliver has divided them, in opposition bclh to
analogy and the best usage. I have observed the same anal-
ogy in the penultimate of polysyllable? ; and have not divided
Balthasar into Bal-thas'ar, as Mr. Oliver has done, but into
Bal-tha'sar.
12. In the same manner, when the accent is on the antepe
nultimate syllable, whether the vowel end the syllable, or be
followed by two consonants, the vowel is always short, except
followed by two vowels, as in Greek and Latin proper names.
(See Rules prefixed to these names, Nos. 18, 19,20, <fcc.) Tlius
Jehoshaphat has the accent on the antepenultimate syllable,
according to Greek accentuation by quantity, (see Introduction
to this work 5) and this syllable, according to the clearest anal-
ogv of English pronunciation, is short, as if spelt Je-hosh'a-
phat. The secondary accent has the same shortening power
in Othonias, where the primary accent is on the third, and the
secondary on the first syllable," as if spelt '^■'/^-5-"^•'.:^' ; aac it
is on these two fundamental principles of our own pronuncia-
tion, namely, the lengthening power of the per-jltimate, and
the shortening power of the antepenultimate accent, that I
hope 1 have been enabled to regulate and fix many of those
sounds which were floating about in unccitainty ; and which,
for want of this guide, are differently marked by different
orthoepists, and often differently by the same orthoepist.
Rules for placing ihe Accent on Hebrew Proper Navie.<i.
13. With respect to the accent of Hebrew v.'ords, it cannct
be better regulated than by the laws of the Greek language,
I do not mean, however, that every Hebrew word, which is
Griecised by the Septuagint, should be accented exactly ac-
9%
IIULES FOR PRONOUNCING SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
cording to the Greek rule of accentuation : for, if this were
the case, every word ending in el would never have the accent
higher than the preceding syllable ; because it was a general
rule in the Greek language, that, when the last syllable was
long, the accent could not be higher than the penultimate : nay,
strictly speaking, were we to accent these words according to
the accent of that language, they ought to have the accent on
the last syllable, because K^hriX and Icrpai^X, Ahdiel and Is-
rael^ have the accent on that syllable. It may be said, that
this accent on the last syllable is the grave, which, when on
the last word of a sentence, or succeeded by an enclitic, was
changed into an acute. But here, as in words purely Greek,
we find the Latin analogy prevail ; and, because the penulti-
mate is short, the accent is placed on the antepenultimate, in the
same manner as in Socrates, Susthenes, &c., though the final
syllable of the Greek words I,o)Kpdrr]5y 'Zwadivris, &c,, is long,
and the Greek accent on the penultimate. (See Introduction
prefixed to the Rules for pronouncing Oreek and Latin Proper
jYames.) It is this general prevalence of accenting according
to the Latin analogy, that has induced me, when the Hebrew
word has been Grsecised in the same number of syllables, to
prefer the Latin accentuation to what may be called our own.
Thus CatJiua, coming to us through the Greek KaOud, I have
accented it on the penultimate, because the Latins would have
placed the accent on this syllable on account of its being long,
though an English ear would be better pleased with the ante-
penultimate accent. The same reason has induced me to ac-
cent Chaseba on the antepenultimate, because it is Grascised
into Xaae(3d. But when the Hebrew and Greek word does
not contain the same number of syllables, as Mes'o-bah,
Meo-oj/^w, Id'u-el, iSari^og, it then comes under our own anal-
ogy, and we neglect the long vowel, and place the accent on
tlie antepenultimate. The same may bo observed of Morde-
cai, from MapSo^alog.
14. As v/e never accent a proper name from the Greek on
the last syllable, (not because the Greeks did not accent the
last syllable, for they had many words accented in that man-
ner, but because this accentuation was contrary to the Latin
prosody ;) so, if the Greek word be accented on any other syl-
lable, we seldom pay any regard to it, unless it coincide with
the Latin accent. Thus in the word Gede'rah, I have placed
the accent on the penultimate, because it is Grcecised by
TdSripa, where the accent is on the antepenultimate ; and
this because the penultimate is long, and this long penultimate
has always the accent in Latin. (See this further exemplifi-
ed, Rule 18th, prefixed to the Oreek arid Latin Proper JVames,
and Introduction, near the end.) Thus, though it may seem
at first sight absurd to derive our pronunciation of Hebrew
words from the Greek, and then to desert the Greek for the
Latin ; yet, since we must have some rule, and, if possible, a
learned one, it is very natural to lay hold of the Latin, be-
cause it is nearest at hand. For as language is a mixture of
reasoning and convenience, if the true reason lie too remote
from common apprehension, another more obvious one is gen-
erally adopted •, and this last, by general usage, becomes a
rule superior to the former. It is true, the analogy of our own
language would be a ru.e the most rational ; but, while the
analogies of our own language are so little understood, and
the Greek and Latin languages are so justly admired, even the
appearance of being acquainted with them will always be es-
teemed reputable, and infallibly lead us to an imitation of
them, even in such points as are not only insignificant in
themselves, but inconsistent with our vernacular pronuncia-
tion.
15. It is remarkable that all words ending in ias and iah
have the accent on the i, v/ithout any foundation in the anal-
ogy of Greek and Latin pronunciation, except the very vague
reason that the Greek word places the accent on this syllable.
I call this reason vague, because the Greek accent has no in-
fluence on words in ael, iel, ial, &c., as laparj},, A/3(5u/X,
BeX'iaX, k. t. X,
Hence we may conclude the impropriety of pronouncing
Messias with the accent on the first syllable according to
Labbe, who says we must pronounce it in this manner, if we
wish to pronounce it like the French with the as rotundum et
facundum ; and, indeed, if the i were to be pronounced ia
the French manner, like e, placing the accent on the first syl-
lable seems to have the bolder sound. This may serve as an
answer to the learned critic, the editor of Labbe, who says,
" the Greeks, but not the French, pronounce ore rotundo :"
for though the Greeks might place the accent on the i in
Mecrtrtaf, yet, as they certainly pronounced this vowel as the
French do, it must have the same slender saund, and the ac-
cent on the first syllable must, in that respect, be preferable to
it ; for the Greek i, like the same letter in Latin, was the
slenderest of all the vowel sounds. It is the broad diph-
thongal sound of the English i with the accent on it, which
makes this word sound so much better in English than it does
in French, or even in the true ancient Greek pronunciation.
16. The termination aim seems to attract the accent on the
a only in words of more than three syllables, as E'phra^m and
Miz'ra-im have the accent on the antepenultimate ; but Ho-
ro-na'im, Ram-a-tha'im, &c., on the penultimate syllable.
This is a general rule ; but if the Greek word have the penul-
timate long, the accent ought to be on that syllable, as Phar
va'im, <l>aps£ju, &c.
17. Kemuel, Jemuel, Jfemuel, and other words of the same
form, having the same number of syllables as the Greek words
into which they are translated, ought to have the accent on
the penultimate, as that syllable is long in Greek ; but Emavr-
uel, Samuel, and Lemuel, are irrecoverably fixed in the ante-
penultimate accentuation, and show the true analogy of th*
accentuation of our own language.
18. Thus we see -what has been observed of the tendencf
of Greek and Latin words to desert their original accent, and
to adopt that of the English, is much more observable it.
v.'ords from the Hebrew. Greek and Latin words are fixed *#
their pronunciation, by a thousand books written expressl^^
upon the subject, and ten thousand occasions of using them ,
but Hebrew words, from the remote antiquity of the lau
guage, from the paucity of books in it, from its being origia
ally written without points, and the very different style of it
poetry from that of other languages, afford us scarcely ani
criterion to recur to for settling their pronunciation, whici!
must therefore often be irregular and desultory. The Sep
tuagint, indeed, gives us some light, and is the only star b;
which we can steer ; but this is so frequently obscured, as t<
leave us in the dark, and force us to pronounce according tt
the analogy of our own language. It were to be wished, in
deed, that this were to be entirely adopted in Hebrew words
where we liave so little to determine us ; and that those word«
which we have worn into our own pronunciation were to be a
rule for all others of the same form and termmation ; but it is
easier to bring about a revolution in kingdoms than in Ian
guages. Men of learning will always form a sort of literary
aristocracy ; they will be proud of the distinction which a
knowledge of languages gives them above the vulgar, and will
be fond of showing this knowledge, which the vulgar will
never fail to admire and imitate.
The best we can do, therefore, is to make a sort of compro
mise between this ancient language and our own ; to form a
kind of compound ratio of Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Eng
lish, and to let each of these prevail as usage has permitted
tliem. Thus Emanuel, Samuel, Lemuel, which, according to
the Latin analogy and our own, have the accent on the ante-
penultimate syllable, ought to remain in quiet possession of
itheir present pronunciation, notwithstanding the Greek
E/xjuai'sJyA, 2ajU«^A, Ae/nyr/X ; but Elishua, Esarelon, Oede-
rah, may have the accent on the penultimate, because the
Greek words into which they are translated, EXicsi, Ecr^p^
Xw//, Vd^ripa, have the penultimate long. If this should not
appear a satisfactory method of settling the pronunciation of
these words, I must entreat those who dissent from it to point
out a better : a work of this kind was wanted for general use :
it is addressed neither to the learned nor the illiterate, but to
that large and most respectable part of society who have a
tincture of letters, but whose avocations deny them the op
portunity of cultivating them. To these a work of this kind
cannot fail of being useful ; and by its utility to these the au
thor wishes to stand or fall
PRONUNCIATION
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES,
INITIAL VOCABULARY.
*** When a word is succeeded by a word printed in Italics,
this latter word is merely to spell the former as it ought to be
pronounced. Thus, As'e-fa is the true pronunciation of the
preceding word Jlc'i-pha : and so of the rest.
*:).* The figures annexed to the words refer to the rules
prefixed to the Vocabulary. Thus the figure 3 after Ab'di
refers to Rule the 3d, for the pronunciation of the final i ; and
the figure 5 after A-lns'sa-i refers to Rule the 5th, for the pro-
nunciation of the unaccented ai .- and so of the rest.
*^* For the quantity of the vowels indicated by the syllabi
cation, see Nos. 18 and 19 of the Rules for Qreek and Latin
Proper JVames.
*^* [In a few instances, the pronunciation of Perry, or of
Fulton and Knight, is given below. — Ed.]
15
AB
A'A-LAR
A'a-ron* 5
Ab
Ab'a-cue
Ab'a-dah
A-bad'don
Ab-a-di'as
A-bag'tha
A'bal
Ab'a-naf 9
Ab'a-rimJ
Ab'a-ron
Ab'ba 9
Ab'da
Ab'di 3
Ab-di'as 15
Ab'di-el 4 13
Ab'don
A-bed'ne-go
A'bel 1
A'bel Beth-ma' a-cah
A'bel Ma'im
A'bel Me-ho'lath
A'bel Mis'ra-im 16
A'bel Shit'tim
Ab'e-san 11
Ab'e-sar 13
A'bez
Ab'ga-rus 12
A'bi 3
A-bi'a, or A-bi'ah
A-bi-al'bon 12
A-bi'a-saph
A-bi'a-thar
x\'bib
A-bi'dah 9
Ab'i-dan
A'bi-el 4 12
A-bi-e'zer 12
A-bi-ez'rite
AC
Ab'i-gail
M'i-gal
Ab-i-ha'il
A-bi'hu
A-bi'hud
A-bi'jah 9
A-bi'jam
Ab-i-le'ne
A-bim'a-el 13
A-bim'e-lech 6
A-bin'a-dab
A-bin'o-am
A-bi'ram
A-bi'rom
A-bis'a-i 5
Ab-i-se'i
Ab'i-shag
A-bish'a-i 5
A-bish'a-har
A-bish'a-lom
A-bish'u-a 13
Ab'i-shur
Ab'i-sum
Ab'i-tal
Ab'i-tub
A-bi'ud
Ab'ner
A'brara, or A'bra-ham$
Ab'sa-lom
A-bu'bus
Ac 'cad
Ac'a-ron
Ac'a-tan
Ac'ca-ron
Ac'cho 6
Ac'cos
Ac'coz
A-cel'da-ma 10
A-sel'da-ma
A'chab 6
AD
A'chad
A-cha'i-a 5
A-cha'i-chus
A'chan 6
A'char
A'chaz 6
Ach'bor
A-chi-ach 'a-rus
A'chim 6
A-chim'e-lech 6
A'chi-or
A-chi'iam
A'chish
Ach'i-tob, or Ach'i-tub
A-chit'o-phel
A-kiPo-fel
Ach'me-tha
A'chor
Ach'sa 9
Ach'shaph
Ach'zib 6
Ac'i-pha
As'e-fa 7
Ac'i-tho
A-cu'a 13
A'cub 11
A'da
A'dad
Ad'a-da, or Ad'a-dah 9
Ad-ad-e'zer
Ad-ad-rim'mon
A'dah
Ad-a-i'ah 9 15
Ad-a-li'a 15
Ad'am
Ad'a-ma, or Ad'a-niah
Ad'a-mi 3
Ad'a-mi Ne'keb
A'dar 1
Ad'a-sa 9
Ad'a-tha 9
Ad'be-el 13
Ad'dan
Ad'dar
Ad'di 3
Ad'din
Ad'do
Ad'dus
A'der 1
Ad'i-da
A'di-el 13
A'dm
Ad'i-na 9
Ad'i-no
Ad'i-nus
Ad'i-tha 9
Ad-i-tha'im 16
Ad'la-i 5
Ad'mah
Ad'ma-tha
Ad'na 9
Ad'nah 9
Ad'o-nai|| 5
Ad-o-ni'as 15
A-do-ni-be'zek
Ad-o-ni'jah 15
A-don'i-kam
A-don-i'ram
A-don-i-ze'dek
A-do'ra 9
Ad-o-ra'im 16
A-do'ram
A-dram'e-lech
A'dri-a 2 9 1
A'dri-el 13
A-du'el 13
A-dul'lam
A-dum'mim
A-e-di'as 15
iE'gypt
11
AH
iE-ne'as. — Virgil.
-(E'ne-asir.— Acta !
^'non
^'nos
Ag'a-ba
Ag'a-bus
A'gag 1
A'gag-ite
A'gar
Ag-a-renes'
Ag'e-e 7
Ag-ge'us 7
Ag-noth-ta'bor
A'gur
A'hab
A-har ah 9
A-har'al
A-has'a-i 5
A-has-u-e'rus
A-ha'va
A'haz
A-haz'a-i 5
A-ha-zi';
Ah'ban
A'her
A'hi 3
A-hi'ah
A-hi'am
A-hi-e'zer
A-hi'hud
A-hi'jah
A-hi'kam
A-hi'lud
A-him'a-az
A-hi'man
A-him'e-lech
A-liim' e-lek
A-hi'moth
A-hin'a-dab
A-hin'o-am
15
* Aaron. — This is a word of three syllables in Labbe, who
says it is used to be pronounced with the accent on the penul-
timate ; but the general pronunciation of this word in English
is in two syllables, with the accent on the first, and as if writ-
ten A'ron. Milton uniformly gives it this syllabication and
accent :
" Till by two brethren (those two brethren call
Moses and Aaron) sent from God to claim
His people from inthralment."
Par. Lost, b. xii. v. 170.
t [A-baina.—P.]
X Abarim. — This and some other words are decided in their
accentuation by Milton in the following verses :
" From Aroar to Nebo, and the wild
Of southmost Abatim in Hesebon,
And Horonaim, Seon's realm, beyond
The flowery dale of Sibmaclad with vines,
And Eleale to th' Asphaltic pool."
Par. Lost, b. i. v. 407.
« Yet his temple high
Rear'd in Azotus, dreaded through the coast
Of Palestine, in Gath and Ascalon,
And Accaron and Gaza's frontier bounds.'
■iJ.463.
$ Abram, or Abraham. — The first name, of two syllables,
was the patriarch's original name, but God increased it to
the second, of three syllables, as a pledge of an increase in
blessing. The latter name, however, from the feebleness of
the h in our pronunciation of it, and from the absence of the
accent, is liable to such a hiatus, from the proximity of two
similar vowels, that, in the most solenm pronunciation, we
seldom hear this name extended to three syllables. Milton
has but once pronounced it in this manner, but has six times
made it only two syllables ; and this may be looked upon as
the general pronunciation.
II Adonai.—Labho, says his editor, makes this a word of
three syllables only ; which, if once admitted, why, says he,
should he dissolve the Hebrew diphthong in Sadai, Sina'i, Tol-
mai, &c., and at the same time make two syllables of the diph-
thong in Casleu, which are commonly united into one ? la
this, says he, he is inconsistent with himself —See Siitai.
If [wgB-nc'as.— P.]
998
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
AM
A-hi'o
A-hi'ra 9
A-hi'ram
A-hi'ram-ites 8
i\-his'a-mach 6
A-hish'a-hur
A-bi'sham
A-hi'shar
A-hi'tob
A-hit'o-phel
A-hi'tub
A-hi'ud
Ah'lah
Ah'lai 5
A-lio'e, or A-ho'ab
A-ho'ite 8
A-ho'lah
A-hol'ba
A-hol'bah
A-ho'li-ab
A-hol'i-bah 9
A-ho-lib'a-mah
A-hu'ma-i 5
A-lm'zam
A-huz'zah
A'i 3
A-i'ah 15
A-i'ath
Ai'ja
A-i'jah
Ai'ja-lon
Ad'ja-lon
Aij'e-leth Sha'har
cdd'je-leth
A'in 5
A-i'oth
A-i'rus
Ak'kub
Ak-rab'bim
A-lam'e-lech 6
Al'a-meth
Al'a-moth
Al'ci-mus
Al'e-ma
A-le'meth
Al-ex-an'dri-a
Al-ex-an'dri-on
Al-le-lu'jah
M-lc-lu'yah 5
A-li'ah
A-li'an
Al'lom
Al'lon Bac'hutli
Al-mo'dad
Al'mon Dib-la-tha'im 15
Al'na-than
A'loth
Al'pha
Al-phe'u3
Al-ta-ne'us
Al-tas'chith 6
Al'te-kon
Al'vah, or Al'van
A'lush
A'mad
A-mad'a-tha
A-mad''a-thus
AN
A'mal
A-mal'da
Am'a-lek
Am'a-lek-ites 8
A' man
Am'a-na
Am-a-ri'ah 15
Am'a-sa
A-mas'a-i 5
Am-a-shi'ah 15
Am-a-the'is
Am'a-this
Am-a-zi'ah
A'men'*
A'mi 3
A-inin'a-dab
A-mit'tai 5
A-miz'a-bad
Am'mah
Am-mad'a-tha
Ai^'n>\ 3
Am-mid'i-oi 4
Am'mi-el 4
Am-mi'hud
Am-i-shad'da-i 5
Am'mon
Ain'mon-ites
Am non
A'mok
A'mon
Am'o-rites 8
A'mos
Am'pli-as
Am'ram
Am'ram-jtes 8
Am'ran
Am'ra-pliel
Am'zi 3
A'nab
An'a-el 11
A'nah
An-a-ha'rath
An-a-i'ah 5 15
A'nak
An'a-kims
An'a-mim
A-nam'e-lech 6
A'nan
An-a'ni
An-a-ni'ah 15
An-a-ni'as
A-nan'i-el 13
A'nath
A-nath'e-maf
An'a-thoth
An'a-thotb-ite 8
An 'drew
A'nem, or A'nen
A'ner
A'nes
A'neth
A'ni-am
A'nim
An'na 9
An'na-as
An'nas
An-nu'us 13
AR
An-ti-lib'a-nus
An'ti-och 6
An-ti'o-chis
An-T,i'o-chns
An'ti-pas
An-tip'a-tris
An'ti-pha
An-to'ni-a
An-to-thi'jah 15
An'toth-ite 8
A'nub
A'nas
Ap-a-me'a
Aph-a ra'im 16
A-phar'sath-chiteg
A-phar 'sites 8
A'phek
A-phe'kah
A-pher'e-ma
A-pher'ra
A-phi'ali 15
Aph'rah
Aph'ses
A-pOc'a-lypse
A-poc'ry-pha
A-pol'los
A-pol'Iy-on
A-poVyon
Ap'pa-im 15
Ap'phi-a 3
ApU'c-a
Ap'phus
Aph'us
Aq'ui-la
Ar
A'ra
A'rab
Ar'a-bah
Ar-a-bat'ti-ne
A-ra'bi-a
A'rad
A'rad-ite 8
Ar'a-dus
A rah 1
A'ram
A'ran
Ar'a-rat
A-rau'nah
Ar'ba, or Ar'bah
Ar'bal
Ar-bat'tis
Ar-be'la (in Syria)
Ar-bel'Ia
Ar'bite 8
Ar-bo'nai 5
Ar-che-]a'u3
Ar-ches'tra-tus
Ar'che-vites 8
Ar'chi 3
Ar-chi-at'a-roth
Ar-chip'pus
Arch'ites 8
Ard
Ar'dath
Ard'ites 8
Ar'don
A-re'li 3
AS
A-re'Iites
A-re-op'a-glte 8
A-re-op'a-gusJ
A' res
Ar-e'tas
A-re'us
Ar'gob
Ar'gol
A-rid'a-i 5
A-rid'a-tha
A-ri'eh 9
A'ri-el 4 12
Ar-i-ma-the'a
A'ri-och 4
A-ris'a-i 5
Ar-is-to-bu'lus
Ark'ites
Ar-ma-ged'don
Ar-mi-shad'a-i
Ar'mon
Ar'nan
Ar'ne-pher
Ar'non
A'rod
Ar'o-di 3
Ar'o-er
A'rom
Ar'pad, or Ar'phad
Ar'sa-ces
Ar-phax'ad
Ar'te-mas
Ar'u-both
A-ru'mah 13
Ar'vad
Ar'vad-ites 8
Ar'za
A'sa
As-a-di'as
As'a-el 13
As'a-hel
As-a-i'ah 5
As'a-na
A'saph
As'a-phar
As'a-ra
A-sar'eel 13
As-a-re'lah
As-baz'a-reth
As'ca-lon
A-se'aa
As-e-bi'a
A-seb-e-bi'a 15
As'e-nath
A'ser
A-se'rar
Ash-a-bi'ah 15
A'shan
Ash'be-a
Ash'bel
Ash'bel-ites S
Ash'dod
Ash'doth-ites 8
Ash'doth Pis'gah
A'she-an
Ash'er
Ash'i-math
Ash'ke-naz
AV
Ash'nah
A'shon
Ash'pe-naz
Ash'ri-el 13
Ash'ta-roth
Ash'te-niDth
Ash'ta-rotii-ites 8
A-shu'ath
Ash'ur
A-shu'rim 13
Ash'ur-iteg 8
A'si-a
As-i-bi'as 15
A'si-el 13
As'i-pha
As'ke-lon
As'ma-dai$ 5
As'ma-veth
As-mo-de'us
As-mo-no'ans
As'nah
As-nap'per
A-so'chis 6
A'som
As'pa-tha
As'phar
As-phar'a-sus
As'ri-el 13
As-sa-bi'as 15
As-sal'i-moth
As-sa-ni'a3 15
As-si-de'ans 13
As'sir
As'sos
As'ta-roth
Ash'ta-roth
As-tar'te
As'tath _
A-sup'pim
A-syn'cri-tu3
A'tad
At'a-rah
A-tar'ga-tig
At'a-roth
A'ter
At-e-re-zi'as 15
A'thack
Ath-a-i'ah 15
Ath-a-li'ah 15
Ath-a-ri'as 15
Ath-e-no'bi-us
Ath'ens
Ath'lai 5
At 'roth
At'tai 5
At-*^-ri'a 15
^t'ta-lus
At-thar'a-tes
Au'gi-a 4
Au-ra-ni'tis
Au-ra'nus
Au-te'ns
A'va
Av'a-ran
A'ven
A'v "
A'vrms
* Mmen. — The only simple word in the language which has
necessarily two successive accents.
f Anathema. — Those who are not acquainted with the pro-
found researches of verbal critics would be astonished to ob-
serve what waste of learning has been bestowed on this word
by Jjabbe, in order to show that it ought to be accented on the
antepenultimate syllable. This pronunciation has been adopt-
ed by English scholars ; though some divines have been heard
from the pulpit to give it the penultimate accent, which so
readily unites it in a trochaic pronunciation with Maranatha,
in the first Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians : " If any
man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema
maranatha.^''
\ Areopagus. — There is a strong propensity in English read-
ers of the New Testament to. pronounce this word with the ac-
cent on the penultimate syllable, and even some foreign scholars
liave contended that it ought to be so pronounced, from its der-
ive tion from "Ap£iO? irayav, the Doric dialect for Trrjyfiu, the
fountain of Mars, which was on a hill in Athens, rather than
from "Apeto? rayof, the hill ofMars. But Labbe very justly do-
spises this derivation, and says, that, of all the ancient wiiters,
none have said that the .■ircopagus was derived from a foun-
tain, or from a country near to a fountain ; but all have con-
fessed that it came from a hill, or the summit of a rock, on
which this famous court of judicature was built. Vossius
tells us, that St. Augustine, De Civ. Dei, 1. x. cap. 10, calls
this word pagum Martis, the Village of Mars, and that he fell
into this error because the Latin v/ord pagus signifies a village
or street ; but, says he, the Greek word signifies a hill, which,
perhaps, was so called from Tiaya or nriyfi (that is, fountain),
because fountains usually take their rise on hills. Wrong,
however, as this derivation may be, lie tells us it is adopted
by no less scholars than Beza, Budaeus, and Sigonius. And
this may show us the uncertainty of etymology in language,
and the security of general usage ; but in the present case, both
etymology and usage conspire to place th« accent on the ante-
penultimate syllable. Agreeably to this usage, we find the
prologue to a play observe, that,
" The critics are assembled in the pit,
And form an Areopagus of wit."
§ Asmadai. — Mr. Oliver has not inserted this word, but ws
have it in Milton :
-On each wing
Uriel and Raphael Ms vaunting foe,
Though huge, and in a rock of diamond arm'd,
Varquish'd, Adramelech and Asmadai.^''
Par. Lost, b. vi. v. 365.
Whence we may guess the poet's pronunciation of it in three
syllables ; the diphthong sounding like the ai in daily. — See
Rule 5, and the words Sinai and Adonai.
I
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
m
BA
A'viies 8
A'vith
Az-a-e'lus
A'zah
A'zal
Az-a-Ii'ah 15
Az-a-ni'ah 15
A-za'phi-on
Az'a-ra
A-za're-el
Az-a-ri'ah 15
Az-a-ri'as 15
A'zaz
A-za'zel*
Az-a-zi'ah 15
Az-baz'a-reth
Az'buk
A-ze'kah 9
A'zel
Az-e-phu'rith
A'zer
A-ze'tas
Az'gad
A-zi'a 15
A-zi'e-i
A'zi-«1 13
A-zi'za
Az'ma-veth
Az'mon
Az'noth Ta'bo.'
A'zor
A-Z0'tU3
Az'ri-el 13
Az'ri-kam
A-zu'bah
A'zur
Az'u-ran
Az'y-mites
Az'zah
Az'zan
Az'zur
B.
BA'AL, or Bel
Ba'al-ah
Ba'al-ath
Ba'al-ath Be'er
Ba'al Be'rith
Ba'al-le
Ba'al Gad'
Ba'al Ham'on
Ba'al Haa'an
Ba'«} Ha'zor
Ba'al Hor'non
Ba'al-i 3
Ba'al-im. — Milton.
Ba'al-is
Ba'al Me'on
Ba'al Pe'or
Ba'al Per'a-zim
Ba'al Shal'i-sha
Ba'al Ta'mar
Ba'al Ze'bub
Ba'al Ze'phon
Ba'a-na
Ba'a-nah
Ba'a-nan
Ba'a-nath
Ba-a-ni'as 15
Ba'a ra
Ba'a-sha 9
Ba'a-shah
Ba-a-si'ah 15
BE
BE
BI
Ba'bel
Be-el-i'a-da
Beth-ba-al-me'on
Ba'bi 3
Be-el'sa-ru3
Beth-ba'ra
Bab'y-lon
Be-el-teth'mus
Beth-ba'rah 9
Ba'ca
Be-el'ze-bubi
Beth'ba-si 3
Bach'rites 8
Be'er
Beth-bir'e-i 3
Bac-chu'rus
Be-e'ra
Beth'car
Bach'uth Al'lon
Be-e'rah, or Be'rah
Beth-da'gon
Ba-go'as
Be-er-e'!im
Beth-dib-Ia-tha'im
Bag'o-i 3 5
Be-e'ri 3
Beth'el
Ba-ha'rum-ite 8
Be-er-la-ha'i-ro:
Beth'el-ite
Ba-hu'rim
Be-e'roth
Beth-e'mek
Ba'jith
Be-e'roth-ites 8
Be'ther
Bak-bak'er
Be-er'she-ba$
Beth-es'da
Bak'buk
Be-esh'te-rah
Beth-e'zel
Bak-buk-i'ah 15
Be'he-moth
Beth-gader
Ba'Ia-am 16
Be'kah 9
Beth-ga'mil
Ba'la7n,\
Be'la
Beth-hac'ce-rim 7
Bal'a-dan
Be'lah
Beth-hak'ser-im
Ba'lah 9
Be'la-ites 8
Beth-ha'ran
Ba'lak
Bel'e-mus
Beth-hog'lah 9
Bal'a-mo
Bel'ga-i 5
Beth-ho'ron
Bal'a-nus
Be'li-al 13
Beth-jes'i-moth
Bal-tha'sar 11
Bel'ma-im 16
Beth-leb'a-oth
Ba'mah
Bel'men
Beth'le-hem
Ba'moth
Bel-shaz'zar
Beth'le-hem Eph'ra-tah
Ba'moth Ba'aJ
Bel-te-shaz'zar
Beth'le-hem Ju'dah
Ban
Ben
Beth'le-hem-ite 8
Ba'ni S
Ben-ai'ah 5
Beth-lo'mon
Ba'nid
Ben-am'mi 3
Beth-ma'a-cah 9
Ban-a-i'as 15
Ben-eb'e-rak
Beth-mar'ca-both
Ban'nus
Ben-e-ja'a-kam
Beth-me'on
Ban'u-as
Ben'ha-dad
Beth-nim'rah 9
Ba-rab'bas
Ben-ha'il
Beth-o'ron
Bar'a-chel 6
Ben-ha'nan
Beth-pa'let
Bar-a-chi'ah 15
Ben'ja-min
Beth-paz'zer
Bar-a-chi'as
Ben'ja-mite 8
Beth-pe'or
Ba'rak
Ben'ja-mites
Beth'pha-ge|| 12
Bar-ce'nor
Ben'i-nu
Bethifa^e 10
Bar'go
Ben-u'i 3 14
Beth'phe-let
Bar-hu'mites 8
Be'no
Beth'ra-bah 9
Ba-ri'ah 15
Be-no'ni 3
Beth'ra-pha 9
Bar-je'sus
Ben-zo'heth
Beth 're-hob
Bar-jo'na
Be'on
Beth-sa'i-daTT 9
Bar'kos
Be 'or
Beth'sa-mos
Bar'na-bas
Be'ra
Beth 'sh an
Ba-To'di3
Ber'a-chah 6 9
Beth-she'an
Bar'sa-bas
Ber-a-chi'ah 15
Beth'she-raesh
Bar'ta-cus
Ber-a-i'ah 15
Beth-shit'tah 9
Bar-thol'o-mew
Be-re'a
Beth'si-mo3
Bar-ti-me'us
Be 'red
Beth-tap'pu-a
Ba'ruch 6
Be'ri 3
Beth-su'ra 14
Bar-zil'la-i 5
Be-ri'ah 15
Be-thu'el 14
Bas'ca-ma
Be'rites 8
Be 'thai
La'shan, or Bas'san
Be'rith
Beth-u-li'a 5
Ba'shan Ha'voth Fa'ir
Ber-ni'ce
Beth'zor
Bash'e-math
Be-ro'dach Bal'a-dan
Beth'zur
Bas'lith
Be'roth
Be-to' li-us
Bas'math
Ber'o-thai 5
Bet-o-mes'tham
Bas'sa
Be-ro'thath
Bet'o-nim
Bas'ta-i 5
Ber'yl
Be-u'lah
Bat'a-ne
Ber-ze'lus
Be'zai 5
Bath
Be'zai 5
Be-zal'e-el**
Bath'a-loth
Bes-o-dei'ah 9 15
Be'zek
Bath-rab'bim
Be'sor
Be'zer, or Boz'ra
Bath'she-ba
Be'tah
Be'zeth
Bath'shu-a 13
Be'ten
Bi'a-tas
Bav'a-i 5
Beth-ab'a-ra
Bich'ri 3 6
Be-a-li'ah 15
Beth-ab'a-rah 9
Bid'kar
Be'a-loth
Beth'a-nath
Big'tha
Be'an
Beth'a-noth
Big'than
Beb'a-i 5
Beth'a-ny
Big'tha-na
Be'cher
Beth'a-ne
Big'va-i 5
Bciker 6
Beth-ar'a-bah 9
Bil'dad
Bech-o'rath
Beth'a-ram
Bil'o-ara
Bech'ti-leth
Beth-ar'bel
Bil'gah
Be'dad
Beth-a'ven
Bil'ga-i 5
Bed-a-i'ah 15
Beth-az'ma-veth
Bil'ha, or BiFhah
CA
Bil'han
Bil'shan
Bim'hal
Bin'e-a 9
Bin'nu-i 3 14
Bir'sha
Bir'za-vith
Bish'lam
Bi-thi'ah 15
Bith'ron
Biz-i-jo-thi'ah 15
Biz-i-jo-thi'jah
Biz'tha
Blastus
Bo-a-ner'ges
Bo'az, or Bo'oz
Boc'cas
Boch'e-ru 6
Bo'chim 6
Bo'han
Bos'cath
Bo'sor
Bos'o-ra
Bos'rah 9
Bo'zez
Boz'rah
Brig'an-dine
Buk'ki 3
Buk-ki'ah 15
Bui, rhymes dull
Bu'nah
Bun'ni 3
Buz
Bu'zi 3
Buz'ite 8
c.
CAB
Cab'bon
Cab'ham
Ca'bul. — See Bul
Cad'dis
Ca'des
Ca'desh
Cai'a-pha3 5
Cain
Ca-i'nan|t
Cai'rites 8
Ca'lah
Cal'a-mu9
Cal'col
Cal-dees'
Ca'leb
Ca'leb Eph'ra-tah
Cal'i-tas
Cal-a-mol'a-Iu3
Cal'neth
Cal'no
Cal'phi 3
Cal'va-ry
CaVva-re
Ca'mon
Ca'na
Ca'na-anJ:f
Ca'na-an-ites 8
Can'-han-ites
Can'neh 9
Can'nee
Can'veh 9
Can'vee
Ca-per'na-um$$ 1
Caph-ar-sal'a-ma
Ca-phen'a-tha 9
Ca-phi'ra 9
* Azaiel. — This word i3 not in Mr. Oliver's Lexicon ; but
Milton makes use of it, and places the accent on the second
gyllable :
" that proud honour claim'd
Azazel as his right ; a cherub tall."
Par. Lost, b. i. v. 534.
t See Canaan, Aaron, and Israel.
X [Beel'tebub.—F. & K.] $ [Beer'sheba.—F. & K.]
[I Bethphage, — This word is generally pronounced by the
illiterate in two syllables, and without the second A, as if writ-
ten Beth'page. [Perry makes but two syllables of this word,
Bounding the A.— Ed.]
H \BetIi-saiida.—F.] ** [Bez'a-leeL—P. F. & K.]
ft [ Cap nan. -^T.]
XX Canaan. — This word is not unfrequently pronounced in
three syllables, with the accent on the second. But Milton,
who in his Paradise Lost has introduced this word six times,
has constantly made it two syllables, with the accent on the
first. This is perfectly agreeable to the syllabication and ac-
centuation of Isaac and Balaam, which are always heard in
two syllables. This suppression of a syllable in the latter
part of these words arises from the absence of accent : an ac-
cent on the second syllable would prevent tho hiatus arising
from the two vowels, as it does in Baal and Baalim, which are
always heard in two and three syllables respectively. — See
Adonai. [Both Perry and Fulton and Knight make but two
syllables of this word. — ^Ed.]
§$ Capernaum.— This word is often, but insproper^ pro-
nounced with the accent on the penultimate
I
1000
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
CH
Caph'tor
Caph'to-rim
Caph'to-rims
Cap-pa-do'ci-a
Cap-pa-do' she-a
Car-a.-ba'si-on
Car-a-ba'ze-on
, Car'cha-mis 6
Car'che-mish 6
Ca-re'ah 9
Ca'ri-a
Car'kas
Car-ma'ni-ans
Car'me
Car'mel
Car'mel-ite 8
Car'mel-i-tess
Car'mi 3
Car'mites 3
Car'na-im 15
Car'ni-on
Car'pus
Car-she'na
Ca-siph'i-a
Cas'leu
Cas'Iu-bim
Cas'phor
Cas'pis, or Cas phin
Ca-thu'ath 13
Ce'dron 7
Cei*lan
Ce-le-mi'a 9
Cen'cre-a 6
Cen-de-be'us
Cen-tu'ri-on
Ce'phas
Ce'raa
Ce'teb
Cha'bris 6
Cha'di-ag
Chse're-as
Chal'ce-do-ny
Chal'col
Chal-de'a
Cha'nes
Chan-nu-ne'us
Char-a-ath'a-lar
Char'a-ca
Char'a-sim
Char'cus
Cha're-a
Char'mis
Char'ran
Chas'e-ba 13
Che 'bar 6
Ched-er -la'o-mer*
Che'lal
Chel'ci-as
Kel'she-as
Chel'lub
Che'lod
Che'lab
Chel'li-ans
Chel'lus
Che-lu'bai 5
Cbe-lu'bar
Chem'a-rims
Che'mosh
Che-na'a-nah 9
Chen'a-ni 3
Chen-a-ni'ah 15
Che'phar Ha-am'mo-
nai 5
Cheph-i'rah 6 9
Che'ran
Che're-as
Cher'eth-ims
Cher'eth-ites 8
Che'rith, or Che'rish
Cher'ub Q
Cher'u-bim
Ches'a-lon
Che'sed
Chc'sil
Che'sud
DA
EB
Che-sul'loth
Da'bri-a
Chet'tim
Da-co'bi 3
Che'zib
Dad-de'us
Chi'don
Da'gon
Chil'le-ab
Dai'san 5
Chi-li'on
Dal-a-i'ah 5
Chil'mad
Dal'i-lah
Chim'ham
Dal-ma-nu'tha
Chis'leu, Cas'leu, or
Dal'phon
Cis'leu
Dam'a-rig
Cliis'lon
Dam-a-scenes'
Chis'lothTa'bor
Dan
Chit'tim
Dan'ites 8
Chi'un
Dan'i-el 13
Chlo'e
Dan-ja'an
Cho'ba
Dan'nah
Cho-ra'sin, or Cho-ra'-
Dan'o-brath
shan, or Cho-ra'zin
Da'ra
Chos-a-me'us
Dar'da
Cho-ze'ba
Da'ri-an
Christ
Dar'kon
Chub 6
Da'than
Kub
Dath'e-mah, oi
Chun
Dath'mah
Chu'sa, or Chu'za
Da'vid
Chush'an Rish-a-tha'-
De'bir
im 15
Deb'o-raht
Chu'si
De-cap 'o-lis
Cin'ner-eth, or Cin'-
De'dan
ner-oth
Ded'a-nim
Cir'a-ma
Ded'a-nims
Ci'sai 5
De-ha'vites 8
Cis'leu
De'kar
Cith'e-rus
Del-a-i'ah 5
Cit'tims
Del'i-lah
Clau'da
De'mas
Cle-a'sa
Der'be
Clem'ent
Des'sau
Cle'o-phas
De-u'el 17
Clo'e
Deu-ter-on'o-ray
Cni'dus
Dib'la-im 16
mdus
Dib'Iath
Col-ho'zeh 9
Di'bon
Col'li-us
Di'bon Gad
Co-los'se
Dib'ri 3
Co-los'si-ans
Dib'za-hab, or Diz'a-hab
Co-losh' e-ans
Di'drachm
Co-ni'ah 15
Di'dram
Con-o-ni'ah
Did'y-mus 6
Co'os
Dik'lah, or Dil'dah
Cor
Dil'e-an
Cor'be
Dim'nah
Cor'ban
Di'mon
Co're
Di-mo'nah 9
Cor'inth
Di'nah 9
Co-rin'thi-ang
Di'na-ites 8
Co'sam
Din'ha-bah 9
Gou'tha
Di-ot're-phesJ
Coz
Di'shan
Coz'bi 3
Di'shon
Cres'cens
Diz'a-hab
Crete
Do'cus
Cre'tans
Dod'a-i 5
Cretes
Dod'a-nim
Cfe'ti-ans
Dod'a-vah 9
Cre'she-ans
Do'do
Cu'bit
Do'eg
Cush
Doph'kah 9
Cu'shan
Dor
Cu'shan Rish-a-tha'-
Do'ra
im 15
Dor'cas
Cu'shi 3
Do-rym'e-nes
Cuth, or Cuth'ah
Do-sith'e-us
Cu'the-ans
Do'tha-im, or Do'-
Cy'a-mon
than 16
Cy-re'ne
Du'mah 9
Cy-re'ni-us
Du'ra
D.
E.
DAB'A-REH 9
E'A-NAS
Dab'ba-sheth
E'bal i
Dab'e-rath
E'bed 1
EL
E-bed'me-lech
Eb-en-«'zei
E'ber
E-bi'a-saph
E-bro'nah
E-ca'nus
Ec-bat'a-na
Ec-cle-si-as'tes
Ec-cle-si-as'ti-ctts
Ed
E'dar
E'den
E'der
E'des
E'di-as
Ed'na
E'dora
E'dom-ites 8
Ed're-i 3
Eg'lah
Eg'la-im 16
Eg Jon
E'gypt
E'hi 3
E'hud
E'ker
Ek're-bel
Ek'ron
Ek'ron-ites 8
E'la
El'a-dah
E'lah
E'lam
E'lam-ites 8
El'a-sah 9
E'lath
El-beth'el
El'ci-a
El'she-a
El'da-ah
El 'dad
E'le-ad
E-le-a'leh 9
E-le-a'le. — Milton
E-le'a-sah 9
E-le-a'zer
E-le-a-zu'rus
El-el-o'he Is'ra-el
E-lu'the-rus
El-eu-za'i 3 5
El-ha'nan
E'li 3
E'li-ab
E-li'a-da
E-li'a-dah
E-li'a-dun
E li'ah 9
E-li'ah-ba 9
E-li'a-kim
E-li'a-li 3
E-li'am
E-li'as 15
E-li'a-saph
E-li'a-shib
E-li'a-sis
E-li'a-tha,orE-li'a-
E-li-a'zar
E-li'dad
E'li-el 13
E-li-e'na-i 5
E-li-e'zer
E-Ii'ha-ba
El-i-hae'na 5
El-i-ho'reph
E-li'hu
E-li'jah 9
El'i-ka
E'lim
E-lim'e-leeh 6
E-ii-ae'na-i 5
E-li-o'nas
El'i-phal
E-liph'a-leh 9
E-li'phaz$
E-liph'e-let
,-thah
ER
E-lis'a-beth
El-i-s89'a8
El-i-se'us
E-Ii'sha 9
E-li'shah
E-lish'a-raa
E-lish'a-mah
E-!ish'a-phat
E-lish'e-ba
El-i-shu'a 13
E-lis'i-mus
E-li'u
E-li'ud
E-liz'a-phan
E-li'zur
El'ka-nah
El'ko-shite 8
El'la-sar
El'mo-dara
El'na-am
El'na-than
E'lon
E'lon-ites 8
E'lon Beth'ha-naa
E'loth
El'pa-al
El'pa-let
El-pa'ran
El'te-keh 9
El'te-keth
El'te-kon
El'to-lad
E'lul
E-lu'za-i 5
El-y-ma'is
El'y-mas
El'za-bad
El'za-phan
Era-al-cu'el 17
E-man'u-el 17
E'mims
Em'ma-us||
Em'mer
E'mor
E'nam
E'nan
En'dor
E'ne-asIT
En-eg-la'im 16
En-e-mes'sar
E-ne'ni-as
En-gan'nim
En'ge-di 7
En-had'dah »
En-hak'ko-re
En-ha'zor;
En-mish'pat
E'noch 6
E'nock
E'non
E'nos
E'nosh
En-rim'mon
En-ro'gel 13
En'she-mesh
En-tap'pa-ah 9
Ep'a-phras
E-paph-ro-di'tU9
E-pen'e-tU3
E'phah
E'phai 5
E'pher
E'phes-dam'min
Eph'lal
E'phod
E'phor
Eph'pha-tha
E'phra-ira 16
E'phra-im-itea 8
Eph'ra-tah**
Eph'rath
Eph'rath-ite3 8
E'phron
Er
E'ran
* [Ched-er-la^o'mcr. — P.]
t Deborah. — The learned editor of Labbe tells us, that this
word has the penultimate long, both in Greek and Hebrew ;
and yet he observes that our clergy, when reading the Holy
Scriptures to the people in English, always pronounce it with
the accent on the first syllable ; " and why not," says he,
♦ when they place the accent on the first syllable of orator,
atjditiw J and sjiccesfor ?" "But," continues he, "I suppose
they accent them other\vise when they speak Latin " Wlio
doubts it ?
X [Di-o-trephies.—'P.]
$ [EVi-phat.—P.I
II Emmaus — This word is often very improperly pronounced
in two syllables, as if divided into Em'maus.
IT [E-ne'<w.— P.]
** fSpA-ra'foA.— P.]
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
lom
GA
B'ran-ites 8
E-ras'tU3
E'rech 6
E'ri 3
K'sa
E-sa'i-ae 5
E'sar-had'don
E'sau
Es'dras
Es-dre'Ion 13
Es'e-bon
E-se'bri-as
E'sek
Esh'ba-al
Esh'ban
Esh'col
E'siie-an
E'shek
Esh'ka-lon
Esh'ta-ol
Esh'tau-lites 8
Esh-tem'o-a
Esh'te-moth
Esh'ton
Es'Ii 3
Ls-ma-chi'ah 15
E-so'ra
Es'ril
Es'rom
Es-senes' 8
Est'ha-ol
Es'ther
Es'ter
E'tam
E'tham
E'than
]pth'a-nim
Eth'ba-al
E'ther
Eth'ma
Eth'nan
Eth'ni 3
Eu-as'i-bus
Eu-bu'lus*
Eu'na-than
Eu-ni'ce
Eu-o'di-as
Eu-pol'e-mus
Eu-ioc'ly-don
Eu'ty-chus
Eve
E'vi 3
E'vil Mer-o'dachf
Ex'o-dus
E'zar
Ez'ba-i 3 5
Ez'bon
Ez-e-chi'as
E«-e-ki'as
E-ze'ki-el 13
E'zel
E'zem
E'zer
Ez-e-ri'as 15
E-zi'as 15
E'zi-on Ge'bar, or
E'zi-on-ge'ber
Ez'nite 8
Ez'ra
Ez'ra-hite 8
Ez'ri 3
Ez'ri-el 13
Ez'ril
Ez'ron, or Hez'ron
Ez'ron-ites 8
G.
GA'AL
Ga'ash
Ga'ba
Gab'a-el 13
Gab'a-tha
Gab'bai 5
Gab'ba-tha
Ga'bri-as
Ga'bri-ei 13
Gad
Gad'a-ra
Gad-a-renes'
GE
Gad'des
Gad'di-el 13
Ga'di 3
Gad'ites 8
Ga'ham
Ga'har
Ga'i-us
Oa'yus
Gala-ad
Ga'lal
Gal'e-ed
Gal'ga-la
Gal'i-lee
Gal'lira
Gal'li-o
Gam'a-el 13
Ga-ma'U-el 13
Gam'ma-dims
Ga'mul
Gar
Ga'reb
Gar'i-zim
Gar 'mites 8
Gash'mu
Ga'tam
Gath
Gath He'pher
Gath Rim'mon
Gau'lan
Gau'Ion
Ga'za
Gaz'a-bar
Ga-za'ra
Ga'zath-ites 8
Ga'zer
Ga-ze'ra 13
Ga'zez
Gaz'ites 8
Gaz'zam
Ge'ba 7
Ge'bal
Ge'bar
Ge'ber
Ge'bim
Ged-a-li'ah 15
Ged'dur
Ge'der
Ge-de'rah 14
Ged'e-rite 8
Ge-de'roth 13
Ged-e-roth-a'un 16
Ge'dir
Ge'dor
Ge-ha'zi 7 13
Gel'i-loth
Ge-mal'li 3
Gem-a-ri'ah 15
Ge-ne'zar 13
Ge-nes'a-reth 7
Gen'e-sis
Jen'e-sis
Gen-ne'us
Gk)n-u'bath
Gen'tiles 8
Jen'tiles
Ge'on
Ge'ra
Ge'rah 9
Ge'rar
Ger'a-sa 9
Ger'ga-shi 3
Ger'ga-shites 8
Ger-ge-senes' 8
Ger'i-zim 7
Ger'rin-i-ans
Ger-rae'ans
Ger'shom
Ger'shon
Ger'shon-ites 8
Ger'shur
Ge'sem
Ge'shan
Ge'shem
Ge'shur
Gesh'u-ri 3
Gesh'u-rites 8
Ge'thnr
Geth-o-li'as 15
Geth-sem'a-ne
Ge-u'el 17
Ge'zer
Ge'zer-ites 8
HA
Gi'ah
Gib'bar
Gib'be-thon
Gib'e-a 9
Gib'e-ah 9
Gib'e-ath'
Gib'e-on
Gib'e-on-ites 8
Gib'lites 8
Gid-dal'ti 3
Gid'del
Gid'e-on 7
Gid-e-o'ni 3
Gi'dom
Gi'er Ea'gle
Jy'er Eagle
Gi'hon
Gil'a-lai 5
Gil'bo-a
Gil'e-ad
Gil'e-ad-ite 8
Gil'gal 7
Gi'loh 9
Gi'lo-nite 8
Gim'zo
Gi'nath
Gin'nc-tho
Gin'ne-thon
Gir'ga-shi 3
Gir'ga-shites 8
Gis'pa 9
Git'tah He'pher
Git'ta-im 15
Git'tite
Git'tites 8
Git'tith
Gi'zo-nite 8
Glede
Gni'dus
J\ri'dus
Go'ath
Gob
Gog
Go 'Ian
Gol'go-tha
Go-]iah 9
Go-li'ath
Go'mer
Go-mor'rah
Go'pher wood
Gor'gi-as
Oor'je-as
Gcr'ty-na
Go'shen
Go-thon'i-«l
Go'zan
Gra'ba
Gre'ci-a 9
Qre'she-a
Gud'go-dah
Gu'ni 3
Gu'nites 8
Gur
Gur-ba'al
13
H.
HA-A-HASH'TA-EI
Ha-bai'ah 5
Hab'ak-kuk
Hab-a-zi-ni'ah 15
Ha-ber'ge-on
Ha'bor
Hach-a-li'ah 15
Hach'i-lah
Hach'mo-ni 3
Hach'mo-nite 8
Ha'da
Ha'dad
Had-ad-e'zer
Ha'dad Rim'mon
Ha'dar
Had'a-shah
Ha-das'sa 9
Ha-das'sah
Ha-dat'tah 9
Ha'did
Had'la-i 5
Ha-do'ram
Ha'drach 6
HA
Ha'gab
Hag'a-bah 9
Hag'a-i 5
Ha'gar
Ha-gar-enes' 8
Ha'gar-ites 8
Hag'ga-i 5
Hag'ge-ri 3
Hag'gi 3
Hag-gi'ah 15
Hag'gites 8
Hag'gith
Ha'i 5
Hak'ka-tan
Hak'koz
Ha-ku'pha 13
Ha'lah 9
Ha'lac
Hal'Iul
Ha'ii 3
Hal-le-lu'jah
Hal-le-lu'yah
Hal-lo'esh
Ham
Ha 'man
Ha'math, or He'math
Ha'math-ite 8
Ha'math Zo'bah
Ham'math
Ham-med'a-tha
Ham'e-iech 6
Ham'i-tal
Ham-mol'e-keth
Ham'mon
Ham'o-nah
Ha'mon Gog
Ha'mor
Ha 'moth
Ha'moth Dor
Ha-mu'el 17
Ha'mul
Ha'mul-ites 8
Ha-mu'tal
Ha-nam'e-el 13
Ha' nan
Ha-nan'e-ol 13
Han'a-ni 3
Han-a-ni'ah 15
Ha'nes
Han'i-el 13
Han'nah 9
Han'na-thon
Han-ni-el 13
Ha'noch
Ha'noch-ites 8
Ha'nun
Haph-a-ra'im 15
Ha'ra
Har'a-dah 9
Har-a-i'ah 15
Ha'ran
Ha'ra-rite 8
Har-bo'na
Har-bo'nah
Ha'reph
Ha'reth
Har'has
Har'ha-ta 9
Har'hur
Ha'rim
Ha'riph
Har'ne-pher
Ha'rod
Ha'rod-ite 8
Har'o-eh 9
Ha'ro-rite 8
Har'o-sheth
Har'sha 9
Ha'rura
Ha-ru'maph
Ha-ru'phite 8
Ha'ruz
Has-a-di'ah 15
Has-e-nu'ah 13
Hash-a-bi'ah 15
Hash-ab'nah 9
Hash-ab-ni'ah 15
Hash-bad'a-na 9
Ha'shem
Hash-mo'nah 9
Ha'shum
Ha-shu'pha 9
HE
Haa'rah
Haa-se-na'ah 9
Ha-su'pha 9
Ha'tach 6
Ha'tack
Ha'thath
Hat'i-ta
Hat'til
Hat-ti'pha
Hat' tush
Hau'ran
Hav'i-lah 9
Ha'voth Ja'ir
Haz'a-el 13
Ha-zai'ah 5
Ha'zar Ad'dar
Ha'zar E'nan
Ha'zar Gad'dah
Ha'zar Hat'ti-con
Ha'zar Ma'veth
Ha-za'roth
Ha'zar Shu'el
Ha'zar Su'sah
Ha'zar Su'sim
Ha'zel El-po'ni 3
Ha-ze'rim
Ha-ze'roth
Ha zer Shu'sim
Haz'e-zon Ta'mar
Ha'zi-el 13
Ha'zo
Ha'zor
Haz'u-bah 9
He'ber
Ile'ber-ites 8
He 'brews
He'bron
He'bron-ites 8
Heg'a-i 5
He'ge 7
He'lah 9
He'lam
Hel'bah 9
Hel'bon
Hel-chi'ah 15
Hel'da-i 5
He'leb
He'led
He'lek
He'lek-ites 8
He'lem
He'leph
He'lez
He'li 3
Hel'ka-i 5
Hel'kath
Hel'kath Haz'zu-rira
Hel-ki'as 1£
He'lon
He'man
He'math, or Ha'math
Hem'dan
Hen
He'na 9
Hen'a-dad
He'noch 6
He'pher
He'pher-ites 8
Heph'zi-bah 9
He'ram
He'res
He'resh
Her'mas
Her-mog'e-nes
Her'mon
Her'mon-ites 8
Her'od
He-ro'di-ans
He-ro'di-a,3
He-ro'di-an
He'seb
He'sed
Hesh'bon
Hesh'mon
Heth
Heth'lon
Hez'e-ki 3
Hez-e-ki'ah 15
He'zer, or He'zir
He-zi'a
He'zi-on
Hez'ra-i 5
Eu'tnt-lHS.—P.]
t \Eml Merio-daeh —¥.]
1002
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
HU
IS
JA
JE
JE
Hez'ro
Hu'zoth
Is'u-ites 8
Ja'i-rus Ja'e-rus
Je-hi'el
Hez'ron
Haz'zab
Ith'a-i, or It'a-i 5
Ja'kan
Je-hi'&-li 3
Hez'ron-itea 8
Hy-das'pes
It'a-ly
Ja'keh 9
Je-hish'a-i 5
Hid'da-i 5
Hy-e'na 9
Ith'a-mar
Ja'kim
Je-his-ki'ah 15
Hid'de-kol
Hy-men-«'us
Ith'i-el 13
Jak'kim
Je-ho'a-dah
Hi'el
Ith'mah 9
Ja'Ion
Je-ho-ad'dan
Hi-er'e-el 13
Ith'nan
Jam'bres
Je-ho'a-haz
Hi-er'e-moth
Ith'ra 9
Jam'bri 3
Je-ho'ash
Hi-er-i-e'lu8
I.
Ith'ran
James
Je-ho'ha-dah 9
Hi-er'mas
Ith 're-am
Ja'min
Je-ho'a-nan
Hi-er-on'y-mus
IB'HAR
Ith'rites 8
Ja'min-ites 8
Je-hoi'a-chin 6
Hig-gai'on 5
Ih'Ie-am
It'tah Ka'zin
Jam'lech 6
Je-hoi'a-da
Hi'lea
Ib-nei'ah 9
It'ta-i 5
Jam'na-an
Je-hoi'a-kim
Hil-ki'ah 15
Ib-ni'jah 9
It-u-re'a 13
Jam-ni'a 9
Je-hoi'a-rib
Hil'lel
Ib'ri 3
I'vah
Jam'nites 8
Je-hon'a-dab
Hin
Ib'zan
Iz'e-har 13
Jau'na 9
Je-hon'a-than
Hin'oom i
Ich'a-bod
Iz'har
Jan'nes
Je-ho'ram ^
Hi'rah
I-co'ni-iun
Iz'har-ite 8
Ja-no'ah 9
Je-ho-shab'e-ath
Hi'ram
Id'a-lan 9
Iz-ra-hi'ah 15
Ja-no'hah 9
Je-hosh'a-phat 12
Hir-ca'nus
Id'bash
Iz'ra-hite
Ja'num
Je-hosh'e-ba
His-ki'jah 15
Id'do
Iz-ra-i'ah.orls-ra-i'ah 9
Ja'phet
Je-hosh'u-a
Hit'tites 8
Id'u-el 13
Iz're-el 13
Ja'pheth
Je-ho'vah
Hi'vites 8
Id-u-mae'a 9
Iz'ri 3
Ja-phi'ah 15
Je-ho'vab Ji'reth
Ho'ba, or Ho'bah
ld-u-ma3'ans
Iz'rites 8
Japh'let
Je-ho'vah Nis'si
Ho'oab
I'gal
Japh'le-ti 3
Je-ho'vah Shal'lom
Hod
Ig-da-li'ah 15
Ja'pho
Je-ho'vah Sham'mah
Hod-a-i'ah 15
Ig-e-ab'a-rim "*
Jar
Je-ho'vah Tsid'ke-nu
Hod-a-vi'ah 15
Ig'e-al 7
J.
Ja'raK 9
Je-hoz'a-bad
Ho'dish
I'jon
Ja'reb
Je'hu
Ho-de'va 9
Ik'kesh
JA'A-KAN
Ja'red
Je-hub'bah
Ho-de'vah 9
I'lai 5
Ja-ak'o-bah 9
Jar-e-si'ah 15
Je'hu-cal
Ho-di'ah 15
Im
Ja-a'la
Jar'ha 9
Je'hud
Ho-di'jah 15
Im'Iah 9
Ja-a'lah 9
Ja'rib
Je-hu'di 3 13
Hog'lah
Im'mah 9
Ja-a'lam
Jar'muth
Je-hu-di'jah 15
Ho'ham
Im-man'u-cl 17
Ja'a-nai 5
Ja-ro'ah 9
Je'hush
Ho'len
Irn'mer
Ja-ar-e-or'a-gin
Jas'a-el 13
Je-i'el
Hol-o-fer'nes
Im'na, or Im'nah
Ja-as-a-ni'a
Ja'shem
Je-kab'ze-el 13
Ho'lon
Im'rah
Ja'a-sau
Ja'shen
Jek-a-me'am
Ho'man, or He'man
Im'ri 3
Ja-a'si-el 13
Ja'sher
Jek-a-mi'ah 15
Ho'mer
I-ota 9
Ja-a'zah 9
Ja-sho'be-am
Je~ku'thi-el 13
Hoph'ni 3
Iph-«-dei'ah 15
Ja-az-a-ni'ali 15
Jash'ub
Jem'i-mat
Hoph'rah
Ir
Ja-a'zar
Jash'u-bi Le'hem
Jem-u'el 17
Hor
I'ra
Ja-a-zi'ah 15
Jash'ub-ites 8
Jeph'thah
Ho'ram
I'rad
Ja-a'zi-el 13
Ja'si-el 13
Je-phun'neh
Ho'reb
I'ram
Ja'bal
Ja-su'bus
Je'rah,
Ho 'rem
I'ri 3
Jab'bok
Ja'tal
Je-rahm'e-el 13
Hor-a-gid'dad
Ho'ri 3
I-ri'jah 15
Ja'besh
Jath'ni-el 13
Je-rahm'e-el-ites
Ir'na-hasb
Ja'bez
Jattir
Jer'e-chus 6
Ho'rims
I'ron
Ja'bin
Ja'van
Je'red
Ho'rites 8
Ir'pe-el 73
Jab'ne-el 13
Ja'zar
Jer'e-mai 5
Hor'mah
Ir-she'mish
Jab'neh 9
Ja'zer
Jer-e-mi'ah 15
Hor-o-na'im 15
I'ru
Ja'chan
Ja'zi-el 13
Jer'e-rooth
Hor'o-Tiites 8
I'sa-ac
Ja'cliin
Ja'ziz
Jer'e-mouth
Ho'sa, or Has'ah
I'zak
Ja'chin-ites 8
Je'a-rim
Je-ri'ah 15
Ho-san'na
I-sai'ah 5
Ja'cob
Je-at'e-rai 5
Jer'i-bai 5
Ho-se'a 9
Is'cah
Ja-cu bus 13
Je-ber-€-chi'ah 15
Jer'i-cho 6
Ho-ze'a
I?-car'i-ot
Ja'da
Je'bus
Je'ri-el 13
Hosh-a-i'ah 15
Is da-el 13
Jad-du'a 9
Je-bu'si 3
Je-ri'jah 15
Hosh'a-ma
Ish'bah 9
Ja'don
Jeb'u-sites 8
Jer'i-moth
Ho-she'a 8
Ish'bak
Ja'el
Jec-a-rai'ah 15
Je'ri-oth
Ho'tham
Ish'bi Be'nob
Ja'gur
JecKHli'ah 15
Jer'o-doa
Ho'than
Ish'bo-sheth
Jah
Jec-o-ni'ah 15
Jer'o-ham
Ho'thir
I'shi 3
Ja-ha'le-el 13
Je-dai'a 5 9
Jer-o-bo'am
Huk'kok
I-shi'ah 15
Ja-hal'e-lel 13
Je-dai'ah 5
Je-rub'ba-al
Hal
I-shi'jah 15
Ja'hath
Jed-de'us
Je-rub'e-sheth
Hul'dah 9
Ish'ma 9
Ja'haz
Jed'du
Jer'u-el 17
Hum'tah
Ish'ma-el 13
Ja-ha'za
Je-dei'ah 9
Je-rn'sa-lem
Hu'pham
Ish'ma-el-ites 8
Ja-ha'zah 9
Je-di'a-el 13
Je-ru'sha 13
Hu'pham-ites 8
Ish-ma-i'ah 15
Ja-ha-zi'ah 15
Jed'i-ah
Je-sai'ah 5
Hup'pah
Ish'me-rai 5
Ja-ha'zi-el 13
Jed^-di'ah 15
Jesh-a-i'ah 5
Hup'pira
I'shod
Jah'da-i 5
Je'di-el 13
Jesh'a-nah
Hur
Ish'pan
Jah'di-el 13
Jed'u-thuQ
Jesh-ar'e-Jah
Hu'rai 5
Ish'tob
Jah'do
Je-e'li 3
Jesh-eb'e-ab
Hu'ram
Ish'u-a 9
Jah'le-el
Je-e'zer
Jesh-eb'e-ah 9
Hu'ri 3
Ish'u-ai 5
Jah'le-el-ites 8
Je-e'zor-ites 8
Je'sher
Hu'shah 9
Is-ma-chi'ah 15
Jah'ma-i 5
Je'gar Sa-ha-du'tha
Jesh'i mon
Ha'shai 5
Is-nia-i'ah 15
Jah'zah 9
Je-ha'le-el 13
Je-shish'a-i 5
Hu'sham
Is'pah
Jah'ze-el 13
Je-hal'e-lel 13
Jesh-o-ha-i'ah 15
Hu'shath-ite 8
Is'ra-el*
Jah'zi-el 13
Je-ha'zi-el 13
Jesh'u-a 13
Hu'shiin
Is'ra-el-ites 8
Jah'ze-el-ites 8
Jeh-dei'ah 9
Jesh'u-run
Hu'shub
Is'sa-char
Jah'ze-rah 9
Je-hei'el 9
Je-si'ah 15
Hu-shu'bah 9
Is-tal-cu'rus 13
Ja'ir
Je-hez'e-kel
Je-sim'i-el
Huz
Is'u-i 3 13
Ja'ir-ites 8
Je-hi'ah 9
Jes'se
* Israel. — This word is colloquialJy pronounced in two syl-
lables, and not unfrequently heard in the same manner from
the pulpit. The tendency of two vowels to unite, when there
is no accent to keep them distinct, is the cause of this corrup-
tion, as in Canaan, Isaac, &c.-, but as there is a greater diffi-
culty in keeping separate two unaccented vowels of the same
kind, so the latter corruption is more excusable than the for-
mer ; and, therefore, in my opinion, this word ought always in
public pronunciation, especiallyin reading the Scripture, to be
heard in three syllables. Milton introduces this word four
times in his Paradise Lost, and constantly makes it two sylla-
bles only. But those who understand English prosody know
that we have a great number of words which have two dis-
tinct impulses, that go for no more than a single syllable in
verse, such as heaven, given, &c.: higher and dijer are always
considered as dissyllables ; and hire and dire, which have ex-
actly the same quantity to the ear, but as monosyllables.
Israel, therefore, ought always, in deliberate and solemn
speaking, to be heard in three syllables. The same may be
observed of Raphael and Michael,
t [Jem-Vma.—¥. & K.]
SCRIFrUKE PROPER NAMES.
1003
JO
KI
LU
MA
aiE
Jes'n-a 13 .
Josh'a-bad
Kish
Luz
Mal'las
Jes'u-i 3
Jo'shah 9
Kish'i 3
Lyc-a-o'ni-a
Mal'lo-thi 3
Jb'sos
Josh'a-phat
Kish'i-on 4
Lyc'ca
Mal'luch 6
Je'ther
Josh-a-vi'a]] 15
Ki'shon, or Ki'son
Lyd'da
Ma-mai'as 5
Je'theth
Josh-bek'a-sha
Kith'lish
Lyd'i-a
Mam'moD
Jeth'lah
Josh'u-a 9
Kit'ron
Ly-sa'ni-as
Mam-ni-ta-nai'mua
Je'thro
Jo-si'ah 15
Kit'tim
Lys'i-a 9
Mam're
Je'tur
Jo-si'as
Ko'a 9
Liih'e-a
Ma-mu'cna
Je'ii-el 13
Jos-i-bi'ah 15
Ko'hath
Lys'i-aa
Man'a-on
Je'ush
Jos-i-phi'ah
Ko'hath-iteg
Lys'tra
Man'a-hath
Je'uz
Jew'rie
Jo-si'phus 12
Jot'bah 9
Kol-a-i'ah 15
Ko'rah 14
Man'a-hera
Ma-na'heth-ites 8
Jez-a-ni'ah 15
Jot'bath
Ko'rah-ites 8
Man-as-se'as 12
Jez'a-bel
Jot'ba-tha
Ko'rath-ites
M.
Ma-nas'seh 9
Je-ze'lus
Jo'tham
Kor'hite
Ma-na3'site3 8
Je'zer
Joz'a-bad
Kor'hites
MA'A-CAH 9
Ma'neb 9
Je'zer-ites 8
Jcz'a-char 6
Kor'ites 8
Ma'a-chah 6
Man-ha-na'im 16
Je-zi'ah 15
Joz'a-dak
Ko're
Ma-ach'a-thi 3
Ma'ni 3
Je'zi-el 11
Ju'bal
Koz
Ma-ach'a-thite8 8
Man'na
Jez-li'ah 15
Ju'cal
Kush-ai'ah 5
Ma-ad'ai 5
Ma-no ah
Jez'o-ar
Ju'dah 9
Ma-a-di'ah 15
Ma'och 6
Jez-ra-hi'ah 15
Ju'das
Ma-a'i 5
Ma'on
Jez're-el 13
Jude
Ma-al'eh A-crab'bim
Ma'on-ites 8
Jez're-^l-ite 8
Ju-dre'a
L.
Ma'a-nai 5
Ma'ra 9
Jez're-el-i-tes3
Ju'dith
Ma'a-rath
Ma'rah 9
Jib'sam
Ju'el
LA'A-DAH 9
Ma-a-sei'ah 9
Mara-lah
Jid'laph
Ju'li-a
La'a-dan
Ma-a-si'ah 15
Mar-a-nath'a
Jim
Ju'ni-a
La'ban
Ma'ath
Mar-do-cho'us 6
Jim'la, or Im'la
Ju-shab'he-sed
Lab'a-na 9
Ma'az
Ma-re'sJiah
Jim'na, or Jim'nah
Jus'tus
La'chish
Ma-a-zi'ah 15
Mark
Jim'nites 8
Jut'tah 9
La-cu'nus 13
Mab'da-i 5
Mar'i-sa 9
Jiph'tah
La'dan
Mac'a-lon
Mar'moth
Jiph'thah-el
La'el
Mac 'ca- bees
Ma'roth
Jo'ab
La'had
Mac-ca-bas'us
Mar're-kah 9
Jo'a-chaz
K.
La-hai'roi
Mach'be-nah
Mar'se-na 9
Jo-a-da'nus
Lah'man
Mach'be-nai 5
Mar'te-na
Jo'ah
KAB
Lah'mas
Mach-he'loth
Mar'tha
Jo'a-haz
Kab'ze-el 13
Lah'mi 3
Ma'chi 3 6
Ma'ry
Jo'a-kim.
Ka'des
La'ish
Ma'chir
Mas'chil 6
Jo-an'na
Ka'desh, or Ca'desh
La'kum
Ma'chir-ites 8
Mas'e-loth
Jo-an'nan
Ka'desh Bar'ne-a
La'mech 6
Mach'mas
Mash
Jo'ash
Kad'mi-el 13
Lap'i-doth
Mach-na-de'bai 5
Ma'shal
Jo'a-tham
Kad'mon-ites 8
La-se'a 9
Mach-pe'lah 6
Mas 'man
Jo-a-zab'dus
Kal ■'a-i 5
Ld.'shah
Ma'cron
Mas 'moth
Job
Ka'nah 9
La-sha'ron
Mad'a-i 5
Mas're-kah 9
Jole
Ka-re'ah 9
Las'the-nes
Ma-di'a-bun
Ma'sa 9
Jo'bab
Kar'ka-a 9
Laz'a rug
Ma-di'ah 15
Mas'sah 9
Joch'e-bed 6
Kar'kor
Le'ah 9
Ma'di-an
Mas-si'as 15
Jo'da 9
Kar'na-im 16
Leb'a-nah 9
Mad-man'nah
Ma tred
Jo'ed
Kar'tan
Leb'a-non
Ma'don
Ma'tri 3
Jo'el
Kar'tah 9
Leb'a-oth
Ma-e'lus 13
Mat 'tan
Jo-e'lah 9
Ke'dar
Leb-be'us* 13
Mag'bish
Mat'tan-nah
Jo-e'zer
Ked'e-mah 9
Le-bo'nah 9
Mag'da-la 9
Mat-tan-i'ah
Jog'be-ah
Ked'e-moth
Le'chah
Maff'da-len
Mat'ta-tha
Jog'li
Ka'desh
Le'ha-bim
Mag-da-le'ne
Mat-ta-thi'as
Jo'ha 9
Ke-hel'a-thah 9
Le'hi
Mag'di-el 13
Mat-te-na'i 5
Ja-ha'nan
Kei'lah 9
Lem'u-el 17
Ma'gog
Mat'than
John
Ke-lai'ah 5
Le'shem
Ma'gor Mis'sa-bib
Mat'that
Jon
Kel'i-ta
Let'tus _
Mag'pi-ash 4
Mat -the 'las
Joi'a-da 9
Kel'kath-ha-zu'rim
Le-tu'shim
Ma'ha-lah 9
Mat'thew
Joi'a-kim
Kem-u'el 13 17
Le-um'mim
Ma'ha-lath Le-an'noth
Mat-thi'as 15
Joi'a-rib
Ke'nah 9
Le'vi 3
Ma'ha-lath Mas'chil 6
Mat-ti-thiiah 15
Jok' de-am
Ke'nan
Le-vi'a-than
Ma-ha'le-el 13
Maz-i-ti'as 15
Jo'kim
Ke'nath
Le'vis
Ma'ha-li 3
Maz'za-roth
Jok'me-an
Ke'naz
Le'vites 8
Ma-ha-na'im 16
Me'ah
Jok'ne-am
Ken'ites 8
Le-vit'i-cus
Ma'ha-neh Dan
Me-a'ni 3
Jok'sham
Ken'niz-zites
Lib'a-nu9
Ma'ha-nem
Me-a'rah
Jok'tan
Ker-en-hap'puch
Lib'nah 9 -
Ma-har'a-i 5
Me-bu'nai 5
Jok'the-el 13
Ker-en-hapipuk
Lib'ni 3
Ma'nath
Mech'e-rath 13
Jo'na 9
Ke'ri-oth
Libnites 8
Ma'ha-vites 8
Mech'e-ratn-ite 3
Jon'a-dab
Ke'ros
Lib'y-a 9
Ma'haz
Me'dad
Jo'nah 9
Ke-tu'ra
Lig-nal'oes
Ma-ha'zi-oth
IMed'a-lah 9
Jo'nan
Ke-tu'rah 9
Li'guve 1
Ma'her-shal'al-hash'baz
Me 'dan
Jo'nas
Ke-zi'a 1 9
Lik'hi 3
Mah'lah
Med'e-ba 9
Jon'a-than
Ke'ziz
Lo-am'mi 3
Mah'Ji 3
Medes
Jo'nath E'lim Re-cho-
Kib'roth Hat-ta'a-vah
Lod
Mah'lites 8
Medi-a
chim 6
Kib'za-im 16
Lod'e-bar
Mah'lon
Me'di-an
Jop'pa
Kid'ron
Log
Mai-an'e-as
Me-e'da
Jo'ra
Ki'nah 9
Lo'is
Ma'kas
Me-gid'do 7
Jo'ra-i 5
Kir
Lo Ru'ha-mah
Ma'ked
Me-gid'don 7
Jo'rara
Kir-har'a-seth
Lot
Mak-e'ioth
Me-ha'li 3
Jor'dan
Kir'he-resh
Lo'tan
Mak-ke'dah 13
Me-het'a-bel
JoT'i-bas
Kir'i-eth, or Kir'jath
Loth-a-su'bus 13
Mak'tesh
Me-hi'da
Jo'rira
Kir'i-oth 4
Lo'zon
Mal'a-chi 3 6
Me'hir
lor'ko-am
Kir'jath Ar'ba
Lu'bim
Mal'cham
Me-hol'ath-ite 8
los'a-bad
Kir'jath A'im
Lu'bims
Mal-chi'ah 15
Me-hu'ja-el 13
.'os'a-phat
Kir'jath A'rim
Lu'cas
Mal'cbi-el 13
Me-hu'man 5
Jos-a-phi'as 15
Kir'iath A'ri-us
Lu'ci-fer
Mal'chi-el-ites 8
Me-hu'nim
Jo'se
Kir'jath Ba'al
Lu'ci-us
Mal-chi'jah
Mal-chi'ram
Me-hu'nims
Jos'o-dech 6
Kir'jath Hu'zoth
Lud
Me-jar'kon
Jo'se-el 13
Kir'jath Je'a-rim
Lu'dim
Mal-chi-shu'ah 12
Mek'o-nah 9
To'seph.
Kir'jath San'nah
Lu'hith
Mal'chom
Mcl-a-ti'ah 15
Jo'ses
Kir'jath Se'pher
Lnke
Mal'cbns 6
iMel'chi 3 6
* [Leb'be-us —9 1
004
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAJVIES.
MI
NA
NE
ON
PE
IMel-chi'ah 6 9
Mii'a-min
Mik'loth
Na'a-rath
Ne're-UB
O'phel
Jlel-chi'as 15
Na-ash'on
Ner'gal
O'pher
Mel'chi-el 13
Mik-nei'ah 9
Na'a-tbuB
Ner'gal Sha-re'zer
Ne'ri 3
O'phir
Mel-chis'e-dek
Mil-a-la'i 5
Na'bal
Opb'ni 3
Mel-chi-shu'a 13
Mil'cah 9
Nab-a'ri-as
Ne-ri'ah 15
Oph'rah
Mo-le'a
Mil'cbah 9
Na-ba-the'ans
Ne-tban'e-el 13
O'reb
Me'lech 6
Mil'cha 9
Na'bath-ites 8
Neth-a-ni'ah
O'ren, or O'ran
Mel'h-cu
Mil'com
Na'both
Neth'i-nims
0-ri'on
Mel'i-ta
MiPlo
Na'chon 6
Ne-to'pbah 9
Or'nan
Mel'zar
Mi'na 9
Na'chor 6
Ne-toph'a-tbi 3
Or'phah 9
Mem'phis
Mi-ni'a-min
Na'dab
Ne-toph'a-thitea
Orifa
Me-mu'can 13
Min'ni 3
Na-dab'a-tha
Ne-zi'ah 15
Or-tho-si'as 15
Men'a-hem
Min'ni'li
Nag'ge 7
Ne'zib
0-sai'as 5
Me 'nan
Miph'kad
Na-ha'li-el 13
Nib'bas
0-se'as
Me'ne
Mir'i-am
Na-ba)'lal
Nib'shan
O'see
Me'nith
Mir'ma 9
Na'ha-lol
Nic-o-de'mus
O'she-a
Men'o-thai 5
Mis'gab
Na'ham
Nic-o-la'i-tans
Os'pray
Os'si-frage
Me-on'e-nem
Mish'a-el 13 15
Na-ham'a-ni 3
Nic'o-las
Meph'a-ath
Mi'sual 3
Na-har-a-i 5
Nira'rah
0th 'ni 3
Me-phib'o-sheth
Mi'sham
Na'hash
Nim'rim
Otb'ni-el 4 13
Me'rab
Mi'sbe-al
Na'hath
Nim'rod
Oth-o-ni'as 15
Mer-a-i'ah 15
Misb'ma 9
Nah-bi' 3
Nim'shi 3
O'zem
Me-rai'oth 5
Mish-man'na
Nafha-bi 3
Nin'e-ve
O-zi'as 15
Me 'ran
Misb'ra-ites 8
Na'hor
Nin'e-veh 9
O'zi-el 4 13
Mer'a-ri 3
Mis'par
Nab'sbon
Nin'e-vites 8
Oz'ni 3
Mer'a-rites 8
Mis'pe-reth
Na'hum
Ni'san
Oz'nites 8
Mer-a-tha'im 16
Mis'pha 9
Na'i-dus 5
Nis'roch 6
0-zora 9
Me'red
Mer'e-moth
Mis'phah 9
]Mis'ra-im 16
Na'im
Na'in
J^is'rok
No-a-di'ah 15
Me'res
Mis'ro-pboth-ma'im 16
Nai'oth 5
No'ab, or No'e
Mer'i-bah 9
Mitb'cah 9
Na-ne'a 9
Nob
P.
Mer'i-bah Ka'desh
Mith'nite 8
Na'o-mif 3
No' bah 9
Me-rib'ba-al
Milh'ri-dath
Na'pish
Nod
PA'A-EAI 5
Mer'i-moth 4
Mi'zar
Napli'i-si 3
No'dab
Pa'dan
Me-ro'dacb 11
Miz'pah 9
Napb'tba-li 3
No'e-ba 9
Pa'dan A'ram
Bal'a-dan
Miz'peh 9
Napb'tbar
No'ga, or No'gah
Pa'don
Me'rom
Miz'ra-im 16
Napb'tu-bira 11
No'hah 9
Pa'gi-el 7 13
Pa'hath Mo'ab
Me-ron'o-thite 8
Miz'zah 9
Nas'bas
Nom
Me'roz
Mna'son
Na'shon
Nom'a-des
Pa'i 3 5
Me'ruth
JVffl'sOTl
Na'sith
Non
Pa'lal
Me'sech 6
Mo'ab
Na'sor
Noph
Pal'es-tine
Me'sek
Mo'ab-ites 8
Na'than
J^off
Pal'lu
Me'sha
Mo-a-di'ah 15
Na-tban'a-el 13
No'phah 9
Pal'lu-ites 8
Me'shach 6
Mock'mur
Natb-a-ni'as 15
No-me'ui-us
Pal'ti 3
Me'shech 6
Mock'ram
Na'than Me'lech 6
Nun (the father of
Pal'ti-el 13
Me'shek
Mo'din
Na'um
Joshua)
Pal'tite 8
Mesh-cl-e-mi'ah
Mo'eth
Na've
Nym'phas
Pan'pag
Pflesh-ez'a-bel
Mesh-ez'a-be-el
Mol'a-dah 9
Mo'lech 6
Naz-a-rene'
Naz-a-renes' 8
Par'a-dise
Pa'rah
■
Mesh-il-la'mith
Mo'lek
Naz'a-reth
o.
Pa'ran
Mesh-il'le-moth
Mo'li 3
Naz'a-rite 8
Par' bar
Me-sho'bah 9
Mo'lid
Ne'ah
Par-mash'ta
Me-sbuliarn
Mo'loch 6
Ne-a-ri'ah 15
OB-A-DI'AH 15
Par'me-nas
Me-shul'lo-mith
Monok
Neb'a-i 5
O'bal
Par'nath
Mes'o-bah 13
Mam'dis
Ne-bai'oth 5
O'bed
Par'nach 6
Mes'o-ba-ite 8
Mo-o-si'as 13
Ne-ba'jotb
O'bed E'dom
Pa'rosb
Mes-o-po-ta'mi-a
Mo'rasb-ite 8
Ne-bal'lat
O'beth
Par-sban'da-tha
Mos-si'ah 15
Mo'ras-tbite
Ne'bat
O'bil
Par'u-ah
Mes-si'as 15
Mor'de-cai 5 13
Ne'bo
O'botb
Par-va'im 5 16
Me-te'rus 13
Mo'reb 9
Neb-u-chad-nez'zar
O'cbi-el 13
Pa'sach 6
Me'theg Am'mah
Mor'esh-eth Gath
Ne b-u-chod-on ' o-sor
Oc-i-de'lus 7
Pas-dam'min
Meth're-dath
Mo-ri'ab 15
Neb-u-chad-rez'zar
Os-i-deilus
Pa-se'ah 9
Me-tbu'sa-el
Mo-se'ra 9
Neb-u-cbas'ban
Oc'i-na 7
Pasb'ur
Me-thu'se-lah 9
Mo-se'rah 9
Neb-u-zar'a-dan
Os'i-na
Pass'o-ver '^
Me-thu'se-la
Mo-so'roth
Ne'cho 6
Oc'ran
Pat'a-ra
Me-u'nim 13
Mo'ses
Ne-co'dan
O'ded
Pa-te'o-li
Mez'a-hab
Moizes
Ned-a-bi'ah 15
0-doiaam
Pa-tbe'us 13
Mi'a-min
Mo-sol'lam
Ne-e-mi'as
Od-on-ar'kes
Path'ros
Mib'har
Mo-sul'la-mon
Neg'i-noth 7
Og
Patb-ru'sim
Mib'sam
Mo'za 9
Ne-hel'a-mite
O'bad
Pat'ro-bas
Mib'zar
Mo'zah
Ne-he-mi'ah 9 15
O'hel
Pa'u
Mi 'cab 9
Mup'pim
Ne-be-mi'as
01'a-mu3
Paul
Mi-cai'ab 5
Mu'sbi 3
Ne'bum
O-lym'phas
Ped'a-hel 13
Mi'cha 9
Mu'sbites 8
Nc-husb'ta 9
Om-a-e'rus 13
Ped'ah-zur
Mi'cba-el 15
Mutb-lab'ben
N&-busb'tah
O'mar
Ped-ai'ab 5
Mi'chah 9
Mvn'dus
Ne-husb'tan
O-me'ga 9
Pc'kah 9
Mi-chai'ah
My'ra 9
Ne'i-el 13
O'mer
Pek-a-hi'ah
Michel
Myt-e-le'ne
Ne'keb
Om'ri 3
Pe'kod
Mich'mas 6
Ne-ko'da
On
Pel-a-i'ah 5
J^Fikhnas
Nem-u'el 13 17
O'nam
Pel-a-U'ah
Micb'mash
Nem-u'el-ites 8
O'nan
Pel-a-tiah 34
Mich'Rie-thah 9
N.
Ne'pheg
O-nes'i-mug
Pe'leg
Mich'ri 3
Ne'pbi 3
On-e-siph'o-ru!'
Pe'let
Midi tam
NA'AM
Ne'phis
0-ni'a-res
Pe'leth
Mid'di-:
Na'a-mah 9
Ne'phish
O-ni'as 15
Pe'leth-ites 8
Mid'i-aTi
Na'a-man* 15
Ne-phish'e-sim
O'no
Pe-li'as 15
Mid'i-au-ites 8
Na'a-ma-thites 8
Nepb'tha-li 3
O'nus
Pel'o-nite 8
Mig'da-lel
Na'a-mites 8
Nep'tbo-ah
O-ny'as
Pe-ni'el 13
Mig'dal Gad
Na'a-rah 9
Nepb'tu-im
On'y-cha
Pe-nin'nah
Mig'dol
Na'a-rai 5
Ne-phu'sim 13
Onie-ka
Pen'ni-nah
Mig'ron
Na'a-ran
Ner
O'nyx
Pen-tap'o-Iis
* [JV*a-o'»io«.— p.]
t [JVa-o'n».— P.]
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
1005
PH
RA
RE
SA
SA
Fen'ta-teuch 6
Pbu'vah
Rak'kath
Ke-zi'a 15
Sal'rhnh
Pm'ta-teuk
Phy-gel'lus
Rak'kon
Re'zin
Sa'lem
Pen'te-cost
Phy-lac'te-ries
Ram
Re'zon
Sa'lim
Pen'te-coast*
Pi-ha-hl'roth
Ra'ma, or Ra'mah
Rhe'gi-um
rial'la-i 5
Pe-nu'el 13
Pi'late
Ra'math
Re'je-um
Sal'lu
Pe'or
Pil'dash
Ra-math-a'im 16
Rhe'sa
Sal'lum
Pil'e-tha
Ram'a-them
Re'sa
SaHu'moa 13
Pe'resh
Pil'tai 5
Ra'math-ite 8
Rho'da
Sal'ma, or Sal'mah
Pe'rez
Pi'non
Ra'math Le'hi
Rhod'o-cus
Sal'mon
Pe'iez Uz'za
Pi'ra
Ra'math Mis'peh
Ri'bai 5
Sal-mo'no 13
Per'ga 9
Per'ga-mos
Pi'ram
Ra-me'sesf
Rib'lah
Sa'lom
Pir'a-thon
Ra-mi'ah 15
Rirn'mon
Sa-lo'me 13
Pe-ri'da 9
Pir'a-thon-ite 8
Ra'moth
Rim'mon Pa'reK
Sa'lu
Pcr'iz-zites 8
Pis'gah
Ra'mothGil'ead
Rin'nah 9
Sa'Ium
Per'me-nas
Pi'son 1
Ra'pha
Ri'phath
Sam'a-el 13
Per-u'da 9 13
Pis'pah
Ra'pha-elt 13 15
Ry'fath
Sa-mai'as 5
Peth-a-hi'ah 15
Pi'thon 1
Ra'phel
Ris'sah 9
Sa-ma'ri-a, or Sam-a-ri t
Pe'thor
Poch'e-reth 6
Ra'phah 9
Rith'mah
Sa-mar'i-tans
Pe-thu'el 13
Pon'ti-us Pi'late
Raph'anm 16
Ris'pah
Sam'a-tua
Pe-ul'thai 5
Por'a-tha 9
Ra'phon
Ro-ge'lim 7 13
Sa-mei'u3 9
Phac'a-reth
Pot'i-phar
Ra'phu
Roh'gah 9
Sam'gar Ne'bo
Phai'sur 5
Po-tiph'e-ra
Ras'sis
Ro'ga
Sa'rai 3
Phal-dai'us 5
Proch'o-rus
Rath'u-raua IS
Ro'i-mus
Sa'mis
Pha-le'as 11
Pu'a, or Pu'ah
Ra'zis
Ro-mam-ti-e'zer
Sam'lah 9
Pha'leg
Phal'la
Pu'dens
Re-a-i'ah 5
Rosh
Sam'mus
Pu'hites 8
Re'ba 9
Ru'by
Samp'sa-mes
Phal'ti 3
Pul, rhymes duE.
Re-bec'ca 9
Ru'fus
Sam'son
Phal'ti-el 13
Pu'nites 8
Re'chab 6
Ru'ha-mah
Sam'u^l 13 17
Pha-nu'el 13
Pu'non
Re'cliab-ites 8
Ru'mah
San-a-bas ' sa-rus
Phar'a-cim 7
Pur, or Pu'rim
Re'chab 9
Rus'ti-cus
San'a-sib
Pha'ra-oh
Put, rhymes nut
Re'ka
Ruth
San-bal'lat
Fa'ro
Pu'ti-cl 13
Re-el-ai'ah 5
Rootk
San'he-drim
Phar-a-tho'ni 3
Py'garg
Re-el-i'as 36
Ree-sai'as 5
Re'gem, the g hard
San-san'nah
Saph
Sa'phat
Pha'rez
Pha'rez-ites 8
S.
Phar'i-seea
R.
Re-gem'me-lcch
Saph-a-ti'as 15
Pha'rosh
Re'gom
Saph'ir
Phar'phar
Phar'zites 8
Re-ha-bi'ah 15
SA-BAC-THA'NI||
Sa'pheth
RA'A-MAH 9
Rehob
Sab'a-othIT
Sap-pbi'ra 9
Pha'se-ah 13
Ra-a-mi'ah 15
Re-ho bo'am
Sa'bat
Sap'phire
Pha-se'lis 13
Ra-am'ses
Re-ho'both
Sab'a-tus
Sar-a-bi'as 15
Phas'i-ron
Rab'bah
Re'hu
Sab'ban
Sa'ra, or Sa'rai 5
Phe'be
Rab'bath
Re'hum
Sab'bath
Sar-a-i'ah 5
Phe-ni'ce 13
Rab'bat
Re'i 3
Sab-ba-the'U3
Sa-rai'as 5 13
Phib'e-seth
Rab'bi 3
Re'kem
Sab-be'us
Sa-ram'a-el
Phi'col
Rab'bith
Rem-a-li'ah 15
Sab-de'us
Sar'a-mel
Ph\ lar'ches
Rab-bo'ni 3
Re'meth
Sab'di 3
Sa'raph
Phi-le'mon 11
Rab'mag
Rem'mon
Sa-be'ans
Sar-ched'o-rius 6
Phi-le'tus 11
Rab'sa-ces
Rem'mon Meth'o-ar
Sabi 3
Sar'de-us
Phi-lis'ti-a
Rab'sa-ris
Rem'phan
Sab'tah 9
Sar'dis
Phi-lis'tim
Rab'sha-keh 9
Rem'phis
Sabte-cha 6
Sar'dites 8
Phi-lis'tines 8
Ra'ca, or Ra'cha
Re'pha-el 13 15
Sa'car
Sar'di-us
Fi-lis'tins
Ra'cab 6
Re'phah
Sad-a-mi'as 15
Srr'dine
Phi-lol'o-gus
Phii-o-me'tor
Ra'cal
Reph-a-i'ah 15
Sa'das
Sar'do-nyx
Ra'chab 6
Reph'a-im 16
Sad -de' us
Sa're-a
Phin'e-es
Ra'chel 6
Reph'a-ims
Sad'duc
Sa-rep'ta
Phin'e-has
Rad'da-i 5
Reph'i-dim
Sad'du cceg
Sar'gon
Phi 'son 1
Ra'gau
Re'sen
Sa'doc
Sa'rid
Phle'gon
Pho'ros
Ra'ges
Re'sheph
Sa-ha-du'tha Je'gar
Sa'ron
Rag'u-a
Re'u
Sa'la
Sa-ro'thi 3
Phul, rhymes dull
Phur
Ra-gu'el 13
Reu'ben
Sa'lah 9
Sar-se'chim 6
Ra'hab
Re-u'el$ 13
Sal-a-sad'a-i 5
Sa'ruch 6
Phu'rah
Ra'ham
Reu'mah
Sa-la'thi-el 13
Sa'tan**
Phut, rhymes nut
Ra'kem
Re'zeph
Sal'cah 9
Sath-ra-baz'nes
* [The regular pronunciation, Pentecost, is now more com-
mon.— Ed.]
I [Ramie-ses. — P.]
I Raphael.— This word has uniformly the accent on the first
syllable throughout Milton, though Grfficised by 'Pa^s^A ; but
the quantity is not so invariably settled by him 5 for, in big
Paradise Lost, he makes it four times of three syllables, and
twice of two. What is observed under Israel is applicable to
this word. Colloquially, we may pronounce it in two, as if
written Raphel ; but in deliberate and solemn speaking or
reading, we ought to make the two last vowels to be heard sep-
arately and distinctly. The same may be observed of JWic/tasZ,
which Milton, in his Paradise Lost, uses six times as a word
of three syllables, and eighteen times as a word of two only.
$ [Reu'eL—P.]
II Sabacthani — Some, says the editor of Labbe, place the
accent on the antepenultimate syllable of this word, and
others on the penultimate: this last pronunciation, he says, is
most agreeable to the Hebrew word, the penultimate of which
is not only long, but accented : and, as this word is Hebrew, it
is certainly the preferable pronunciation.
IT Sabaoth.—Tbia word should not be confounded in its pro-
nunciation with Sabbath, a word of so different a significa-
tion. Sabaoth ought to be heard in three syllables, by keeping
the a and separate and distinct. This, it must be confessed,
is not very easy to do, but is absolutely necessary to prevent a
very gross confusion of ideas, and a perversion of the sense.
[Fulton and Knight accent this word ^ib-a'oth.]
** Satan. — There is some dispute among the learned about
the quantity of the second syllable of this word when Latin
or Greek, as may be seen in Labbe, but none about the first.
This is acknowledged to be short ; and this has induced those
critics who have great knowledge of Latin, and very little of
their own language, to pronounce the first syllable short in
English, as if written Saltan. If these gentlemen have not
perused the Principles of Pronunciation, prefixed to the Criti-
cal Pronouncing Di-ctionary, I would take the liberty of refer-
ring them to wliat is there said, for full satisfaction, for what-
ever relates to deriving English quantity from the Latin. But
for those who have not an opportunity of inspecting that
work, it may, perhaps, be sufficient to observe, that no ana-
logy is more universal than that which, in a Latin word of two
syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, and the ac-
cent on the first syllable, leads us to pronounce that syllable
long. This is, likewise, the genuine pronunciation of English
words of the same form ; and where it has been counteracted,
we find a miserable attempt to follow the Latin quantity in
the English word, which we entirely neglect in the Latin it-
self, (see Introduction, page 946.) Cato and Platoene instan-
ces where we make the vowel a long in English, where it is
short in Latin ; and caligo and cogito, where we make the a
and in the first syllable siiort in English, when it is long in
Latin. Thus, if a word of two syllables, with one consonant
in the middle, and the accent on tJie first, which, accort ing to
our own vernacular analogy, we should pronounce as we do
Cato and Plato, with the first vowc! long : if this word, I say,
happen to be derived from a word of three syllablea in Latin,
with tlie first short ; this is looked upon as a good reaeoi) for
1006
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
SH
Sath-ra-bou-za'nes
Saul
Sav a-ran
Sn'vi-as 15
Sce'va.
Se'va
Sche'chera 6
Ske'kem
Scribes
ScytH'i-ans
Sjjtk'i-ans
Scy-thop'o-Iis
Scytli-o-pol i-tans
Se'ba
Se-bat
Sec'a-cah
Sech-e-ni'a.s 15
Se'chu
Sed-e-ci'as 15
Sed'e-si'as 7
Se'gub
Se'ir
Se'i-rath
Se'la
Se'la Ham-mah-Ie'koth
Se'lah 9
Se'led
Sel-e-mi'as 15
Sem
Sem-a-chi'ah 15
Sern-a-i'ah 15
Sein-a-i'as 5
Sem'e-i 3
8e-mel'le-u3
Se'iuis
Sen'a-ah
Se'neh 9
Sn'nir
Sen-a-che'rib* 13
Sen'u-ah
Se-o'rim
Se'phar
'■^^ph'a-rad
'•^H|)li-ai-va'im 16
'.?ephar-vites
Se-])he'la
Se'rah
Pe-ra-i'ah 5
Ser'a-phim
Se'red
Se'rou
So'rug
Se'sis
iSes thel
Seth
Se'thar
Se'ther
Sha-al-ab'bin
Sha-al'bim
Slia-al'bo-nite 8
Sha'apb
Sha-a-ra'im 16
Shar'a-im
SH
Sha-ash'gas
Shab-betn'a-i 5
Sharh'i-a
Shad'da-i 5
Shd'drach
Sha'ge 7
Sha-haz'i-math 13
ShaMe-Gheth
Sha'lem
Sha'lim
Shal'i^ha
Shal'lutn
Shal'ma-i 5
Shal'man
Shal-raa-ne'ser
Sha'ma
Sham-a-rl'ah 15
Sha'med
Sha'mer
Sham'gar
Sham'huth
Sha'mir
Sham'ma 9
Sham'mah 9
Sham'ma-i 5
Sham'moth
Sham-mu'a 9
Sham-mu'ah 9
Sham-she-ra'i 5
Sha'phara
Sha'phaa
Sha'phat
Sha'pher
Shar'a-i 5
Sliar'ma-im 16
Sha'rar
Sha-re'zer
Sha'ron
Sha'ron-ite 8
Sha-ru hen
Shash'a-i 5
Sha'shak
Sha'ul
Sha'ul-ites 8
Sha-u'sha
Sha'veh 9
Sha'veth
She'al
She-al'ti-el 13
She-a-ri'ah 15
She-ar-ja'shub
She'ba, or She'bah
She'bam
Sli8b-a-ni'ah 15
Sheb'a-rim
She'bat
She'ber
Sheb'na
Sheb'u-e! 13
Shec-a-ni'ah
Slio'chem 6
She'chem-ites
Shech'i-nahf
SH
Shek'e-nah
Shed'e-ur
She-Jia-ri'ah 15
She'kel
She'lah
She'lan-ites 8
Shel-e-nii'ah 15
She'leph
She'lesh
Shel'o-mi 3
Shel'o-mith
Shel'o-moth
She-lu'rai-el 13
Shem
She 'ma
Shem'a-ah 9
Shem-a-i'ah 5
Shem-a-ri'ah 15
Shem'e-ber
She'mer
She-mi'da 13
Shein'i-nith
She-rulr'a-moth
She-ma'el 13 17
Shen
She-na'zar
Slie'nir
She'pham
Sheph-a-ti'ah 15
She'phi 3
She'pho
Ske-phu'phan 11
She'rah
Sher-e-bi'ah 15
She'resh
She-re'zer
She'shack
She'sbai 5
She'shan
Shesh-baz'zar
Sheth
She'thar
Sfae'thar Boz'na-i
.She'va
Shib'bo-leth
Shib'mah 9
Slii'chroQ
Shig-gai'on 5
Shi'on
Shi'hor
Shi'hor Lib'nath
Shi-i'im 3 4
She-i'im
Shil'hi 3
Shil'him
Shil'lem
Shil'iem-ites 8
Shi'loh, or Shi'lo i
Shi-lo'ah 9
Shi-lo'ni 3
Shi-lo'nites 8
Shil'shah 9
Shim'e-a
SH
Shim'e-ah
Shim'e-am
Shim'e-ath
Shim'e-ath-ites
Shim'e-i 3
Shim'e-on
Shim'hi 3
Shi'ini 3
Shim'ites 8
Shim 'ma 9
Shi'mon
Shim' rath
Shim'ri 3
Siiim'rith
Shim'ron
Shim'ron-ites 8
Shim'ron Me'rou
Shim'shai 5
Shi'nab
Shi'nar
Shi'phi 3
Shiph'mite
Shiph'ra 9
Shiph'rath
Ship'tan
Shi'sha 9
Shi'shak
Shit'ra-i 5
Shit'tah 9
Shit'tim Wood
Shi'za 9
Sho'a 9
Sho'ah 9
Sho'ab
Sho'bach 6
Sho'ba-i 5
Slio'bal
Sho'bek
Sho'bi 3
Sho'cho 6
Sho'choh 9
Sho'ham
Sho'mer
Sho'phach 6
Sho'phan
Sho-shan'nim
Sho-shan'nira E'duth
Shu'a 9
Shu'ah 9
Shu'al
Shu'ba-el 13
Shu'ham
Sha'ham-ites 8
Shu'liites
Shu'lam-ite
Shu'math-ites 8
Shu'nam-ite
Shu'nem
Shu'ni 3
Shu'nites 8
Shu'pham
Shu'pham-ite
Shup'pim
SO
Shur
Shu'shan
Shu'shan E'duth
Shu'the-Iah 9
Shu'thaJ-ites 8
Si'a 1
Si'a-ka 1 9
Si'ba
Sib'ba-chai 5
Sib'bn-leth
Sib'mah 9
Sib'ra-im 16
Si'chem 1 G
Sid'dim
Si'de
Si 'don
Si-gi'o-noth 7
Si'ha 9
Si'hon
Si'hor
Si'las
Sil'la 9
Sil'o-aj
Sil'o-as
Sil'o-ab, cr Sil'o-am
Sil'o-e 9
Si-mal-cu'e
Sim'e-on
Sim'e-on-ites 8
Si'mon
Sim'ri 3
Sin
Si'nai$ 5
Si'nim"
Sin'ites 8
Si'on
Siph'moth
Sip'pai 5
Si'rach 1 6
Si'rah 9
Sir'i-on
Sis-am'a-i 5
Sis'e-ra 9
Si-sin'nes
Sit'nah
Si 'van
So
So'cboh 6 9
So'ko
So'coh 9
So'ko
So'di 3
Sod'om
Sod'om-ites
Sod'o-ma
Sol'o-mon
Sop'a-ter
Soph'e-reth
So'rek
So-sip'a-tcr
Sos'the-neg 13
Sos'tra-tus 13
So'ta-i 5
shortening tl>e first syllable of tho Englisn word, as in magic,
■placid, tepid, &.C., though we violate this rule in the pronun-
ciation of the Latin vi'ords caligo, cogito, <Slc., which, accord-
ing to this analogy, ought to be cale-l-go, coge-i-to, &c., with
the first syllable long.
This pedantry, which ought to have a harsher title, has
considerably hurt the sound of our language, by introducing
into it too many short vowels, and consequently rendering it
less flowing and sonorous. The tendency of the penultimate
accent to open and lengthen tho first vowel in dissyllables,
with but one consonant in the middle, in some measure coun-
teracts tlie shortening tendency of two coneonantr^ and the
almost invariable shortening tendency of the antepenultimate
accent ; but tliis analogy, which seems to be the genuine
operation of nature, is violated by these igncrant critics from
the pitiful ambition of appearing to understand Latin. As the
first syllable, therefore, of the word in question has its first
vowel pronounced short for such miserable reasons as have
lieen shown, and this short pronunciation does not seem to be
general, we ought certainly to incline to that pronunciation
Wuich is so agreeable to the analogy of our own language, and
which is, at the same time, so much more pleasing to the ear.
^ [Scn-ach'e.-rib.—P.] j [Sche-ki'nah.~P.]
X Slloa. — This word, according to the present general rule
of pronouncing these words, ought to have the accent on the
second syllable, as it is Grsecised by SiAoja ; but Milton, who
nr.derstood its derivation as well as the present race of critics,
has given it the antepenultimate accent, as more agreeable to
*he genital analogy of accenting English words of the same
form :
-Or if Sion hill
Delight thee more, or Siloa^s brook, that flow'd
Fast by the oracle of God "
If criticism ought not to overturn settled usages, surely when
that usage is sanctioned by such a poet as Milton, it ought
not to be looked upon as a license, but an authority. With
respect to the quantity of the first syllable, analogy requires
that, if the accent be on it, it should be short. — See Rules pre-
fixed to the Greek and Latin Proper JVames, Rule 19.
§ Sinai. — If we pronounce this word after the Hebrew, it has
three syllables ; if after the Greek, "Eiva, two only ; though i(
must be confessed, that the liberty allowed to poets of increas-
ing the end of a line with one, and sometimes two syllables,
renders their authority, m this case, a little equivocal. Labbe
adopts the former pronunciation, but general usage seems to
prefer the latter: and if we almost vjniversally follow tho
Greek in other cases, why not in this: Milton adopts the
Greek :
" Smg, neav n.y muse I that on the secret top
Of Oreb or of Sinai didst inspire
That shepherd "
" God, from the mount of Sinai, whose gray top
Shall tremble, he, descending, will himself.
In thunder, lightning, and loud trumpets' sound,
Ordain them laws."
Par. Lost, b. xii. v. 227.
We ought not, indeed, to lay too much stress on the quantity
of Milton, which is oftei so different in the same word ; but
these are the only two passages in his Paradise Lost whore
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
100?
TE
Sta'chys 6
Sta'kces
Stac'te
Steph'a-nas
Steph'a-na
Ste'phen
Su'ah 9
Su'ba
Su'ba-i 5
Suc-ca'ath-ites 8
Suc'coth
Suc'coth Be'noth
Sud
Su'di-as
Suk'ki-ims 4
Sur
Su'sa
Su'san-chites 6
Su-san'nah 9
Su'si 3
Syc'a-mine
Sy-ce'ne
Sy'char 1 6
Sy-e'las 12
Sy-ehe
Syn'a-gogue
Syn'a-gog
Syn'ti-che 4 6
Syr'i-a Ma'a-cah
Syr'i-oa
Sy-ro-phe-nic'i-a
T.
TA'A-NACH 5
Ta'a-nach Slii'lo
Tab'ba-oth
Tab 'bath
Ta'be-al
Ta'be-el 13
Ta-bel'li-ug
Tab'e-ra 9
Tab'i-tha
Ta'bor
Tab'ri-mon
Tach'mo-nite
Tad'mor
Ta'han
Ta'han-ites 8
Ta-haph'a-nes
Ta-hap'e-nes
Ta'hath
Tah'pe-nes 9
Tah're-a 9
Tah'tim Hod'shi
Tal'i-tha Cu'mi
Tal'mai 5
Tal'mon
Tal'sas
Ta'mah
Ta'mar
Tain 'muz
Ta'nach 6
Tan'hu-meth
Ta'nis
Ta'phath
Taph^c-nes
Taph'nes
Ta'phon
Tap'pu-ah 13
Ta'rah 9
Tar'a-lah 9 13
Ta're-a 9
Tar'pcl-ites 8
Tar'shis
Tar'shish
Tar-shi'si 3
Tar'sus
Tar'tak
Tar'lan
Tat'na-i 5
Te'bah 9
Teb-a-li'ah 15
Te'both
TO
Te-haph'ne-hes
Te-hin'nah
Te'kel
Te-ko'a*, or Te-ko'ah
Te-ko'itest 8
Tel'a-bib
Te'lah 9
Tel'a-ira 16
Te-las'sar
Te'lem
Tel-ha-re'sha
Tel-har'sa 9
Tel'rae-la 9
Tel'me-lah 9
Te'ma 9
Te'man
Tem'a-ni 3
Te'man-ites 8
Tem'e-ni 3
Te'pho
Te'rah 9
Ter'a-phim
Te'resh
Ter'ti-us
Tei-'she^is
Ter-tul'lus
Te'ta
Tet'rarch 6
Thad-ds'ust 12
Tha'hash
Tha'mah 9
Tham'na-tha
Tha'ra 9
Thar'ra 9
Thar'shish
Thas'si 3
The'bez
The-co'e
The-las'ser
The-ler'sas
The-oc'a-nus
The-od'o-tus
The-oph'i-lus
Theras
Ther'me-leth
Thes-3a-lo-ni'ca§
Theu'das
Thim'na-thath
This'be
Thom'as
Tom' as
Thom'o-i 3
Thra-se'as
Thum'mim
Thy-a-ti'ra 9
Tib'bath
Ti-be'ri-as
Tib'ni 3
Ti'dal
Tig'lath Pil-e'sef
Tik'vah 9
Tik'vath
Ti'lon
Ti-me'lns 13
Tim'na 9
Tim'nath 9
Tim'na- thah
Tim'nath He'res
Tim'nath Se'rah
Tim'nite 8
Ti-mo'the-U3
TiTti'o-thy (Eng.)
Tip'sah 9
Ti'ras
Ti'rath-ites 8
Tir'ha-kah 9
Tir'ha-nah
Tir'i-a 9
Tir'sha-tha
Tir'zah 9
Tish'bite
Ti'van
Ti'za
Ti'zite 8
To'ah
To'a-nah
XE
ZE
zu
Tob
Xe-rol'y-be
Ze-or'im 13
To-biah 15
Xya'tus
Zeph-a-ai'ah 15
Ze'phath
Zeph'a-thah
To-bi'as 15
lo'tne (Eing.)
To'bi-el 4 13
Z.
Zephi, or Zo'pho
To-bi'jah 15
Za'phon
To' bit
Zeph'on-ites 8
To'chon 6
ZA-A-NA'IM 16
Zer
To-gar'mah
Za'a-man
Ze'rah 9
To'hu
Za-a-nan'nim
Zor-a-hi'ah 15
To'i 3
Za'a-van
Zer-a-i'a 5
To'Ia 9
Za'bad
Ze'rau
To'Iad
Zab-a-d80'ans
Ze'red
To'la-ites 8
Zab-a-dai'as 5
Zer'e-da.
Tol'ba-nes
Zab'bai 5
Zer'e-dah
Tol'mai 5
Zab'ud
Ze-red'a-thah
To'phel
Zab-de'ua 12
Zer'e-rath
To'phet
Zab'di 3
Ze'resh
To'u
Zab'di-el 11
Ze'reth
Trach-o-ni'tis 12
Za-bi'na 9
Ze'ri 3
Trip'o-Iis
Za'bud
Ze'ror
Tro'as
Zab'u-lonTT
Ze-ru'ah 13
Tro-gyl'li-um
Zac'ca-i 5
Ze-rub'ba-bel
Troph'i-mu9
Zac'cur
Zer-u-i'ah 15
Try-phe'na 12
Zach-a-ri'ah 15
Zer-vi'ah 15
Try-pho'sa 12
Za'cher 6
Ze'tham
Tu'bai
Za'ker
Zo'than
Tu'bal Cain
Zac-che'us 12
Ze'thar
Tu-bi'e-ni 3
Zak-ke'us
Zi'a 9
Ty-be'ri-as
Za'dok
Zi'ba 9
Tych'i-cus
Za'ham
Zib'e-on
Tyre, one siJLlahle
Za'ir
Zib'i-on
Ty-ran'nus
Za'laph
Zich'ri 3
Ty'rus
Zalmon
ZiWH
Zal-mo'nah 9
Zid'dim
Zal-mun'nah
Zid-ki'jah 15
Zam'bis
Zi'don, or Si'don
u.
Zam'bri 6
Zi-do'ni-ans
Za'moth
Zif
U'CAL
Zam-zum'mims
Zi'ha 1 9
U'el
Za-no'ah 9
Zik'lag
U'la-i 5
Zaph-nath-p?-a-ne'ah
Zil'lah 9
U'lam
Za'phon
Zil'pbih 9
Ul'Ia 9
Za'ra
Zil'thai 5
Um'mah 9
Zar'a-ces
Zlm'mah
Un'ni 3
Za'rah
Zim'ram, or Zirn'raa
U'phaz
Zar-a-i'as 15
Zim'ri 3
U-phar'sin
Za're-ah
Zin
Ur'ba-ne
Za're-ath-ites 8
Zi'na 1 9
U'ri 3
Za'red
Zi'on, or Si'on 1
U-ri'ah 9
Zar'e-phath
Zi'or 1
U-ri'as 15
Zar'e-tan
Ziph
U'ri-elll 4 ]3
U-ri'jah 9 15
Za'roth Sha'har
Zi'phah 1
Zar'hites 8
Ziph'i-on 9
U'rira
Zar'ta-nah
Ziph'ites 8
U'ta 9
Zar'than
Zi'phron 1
U'tha-i 5
Zath'o-e
Zip'por
U'thi 3
Za-thu'i 3 11
Zip-po'rah 13 16
U'za-i 5
Zdth'thu
Zith'ri 3
U'zal
Zat'tu
Ziz
Uz'za 9
Za'van
Zi'za 1 9
Uz'zah 9
Za'za
Zi'zah 1 9
Uz'zen She'rah
Zeb-a-di'ah 15
Zi'na 1 9
Uz'zi 3
Ze'bah 9
Zo'an
Uz-zi'ah 15
Ze-ba'im 13 16
Zo'ar
Uz-zi'el 13 15
Zeb'e-dee
Zo'ba, or Zo'bah
Uz-zi'el-ites 8
Ze-bi'na
Zo-be'bah 9 13
Ze-bo'im 13
Zo'har
Ze-bu'da 13
Zo'he-Ieth
V.
Ze'bui
Zon'a-ras
Zeb'u-lon
Zo'peth
Zeb'u-lon-ites 8
Zo'phah
VA-JEZ'A-THA 9
Zech-a-ri'ah 15
Zo'phai 5
Va-ni'ah 9
Ze'dad
Zo'phar
Vash'ni 3
Zed-«-ki'ah 15
Zo'phim
Vash'ti 3
Zeeb
Zo'rah
Voph'si 3
Ze'lah 9
Zo'rath-itea 8
Ze'lek
Ze-lo'phe-ad
Zo're-ah 9
Zo'rites 9
X.
Ze-lo'tes 13
Zo-rob'ab-el**
Zel'zah
Zu'ar
Zem-a-ra'im 16
Zuph
XA'GUS
Zera'a-rite 8
Zur
Xan'thi-cas
Zo-rai'ra
Zn'ri-el 13
Xe'ne-as
Ze'nan
Zu-ri-shad'da i 5
Xer-o-pha'gi-a
Zfe'nas
Zu'zims
this word is used ; and, as he has mado the same letters a diph-
thong in Asmadai, it is highly probable he judged that Sinai
ought to be pronounced in two syllables. — See llules prefixed
to this Vocabulary, No. 5.
* [ Tek'o-a.—F. & K ] f [ Tek'o-ites. -F. &. K.]
X [Thad'de-ais.—P.] § [Thes-sa-lonii-ca.—V.]
II [U-ri'eL—P.]
TT Zaiulont — " Notwithstanding," says the editor of Labbe,
" this word in Greek, Za^y\u)v, has the penultimate long,
yet in our churcheb we always hear it pronounced with tha
acute on the antepenultimate. Those who thus pronounce it
plead that, in Hebrew, the penultimate vowel is short ; but,
in the word Zorobabel, Zopo^dl^eX, they follow a different
rule 5 for, though the penultimate in Hebrew is long, they
pronounce it with the antepenultimalo accent."
*•*= Zoro&aM,— See Zabulo-i.
TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARY
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES
EBA*
Jiecent the Avteptnvltimatt.
BATHSHEBA, Elisheba, Beersheba.
ADA IDA
Accent the Penultimate.
Sbaiciida.
Accent, the Ai ttepenultimate.
Eliada, Jehoida, Betiiaaida, Adida.
EA EGA ECHA UPHA *
Accent the Penultimate,
Laodicea, Chaldea, Judea, Arimathea, Idamea, Caesarea,
Bcrea, Iturea, Osea, Hosea, Omega, Hasupha.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Cenchrca, Sabtecha.
ASHA ISHA USHA
Accent the Penultimate.
Elisha, Jerusba.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Baasha, Shalisha.
ATHA ITHA Ul'IIA
Accent the Penultimate.
Jegar-Sahadutha, Dalmanutha.
Accent the Avteptnultimate.
Ga'jatha, Gabbatha, Araadatha, Hammertatha, Parshanda-
tha, Epbphatha, Tirshatha, Admatba, Capbenaiba, Poratba,
Aclimetha, Tabitba, Golgotha.
lA
(Pronounced in two syllables.)
AccuHt the Penultimate.
Sfleucia,t Japhia, Adalia, Bethulia, Nethania, Chenania,
JSazania, Jamnia, Samaria, Hezia.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Achaia, Arabia, Thracia, Samotbracia, Grecia, Cilicia,
Cappadocia, Seleucia, Media, India, Pindia, Claudia, Phry-
gia, Antiochia, Casiphia, Philadelphia, Apphia, IgJalia, Ju-
lia, Parnphylia, Mesopotamia, Armenia, Lycaonia, Macedo-
nia, Apoilonia, Junia, Ethiopia, Samaria, Adria, Alexan-
dria, Celosyria, Syria, Assyria, Asia, Persia, Mysia, Galatia,
Dalmatia, Philistia.
Elika.
IKA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
ALA ELA ILA AMA EMA IMA
Accent the Penultimate.
Ambela, Arbela, Macphela.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Magdala, Aqaila., Aceldama, Apherema, Ashima, Jemima.
ANA ENA INA ONA
Accent the Penultimate.
Diana, Trypbena, Hyena, Palestina, Barjuna.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abana, Hashbadana, Amana, Ecbatana.
in this selection, seo
* For the nronu iciation of the final
Rule the 9th.'
\ For this word and Samaria, Antiochia . and Alexandria,
gee the Initial Fccabidary of Greek and Latin Proper Names ;
also Rule 3Dth, prolixed to the Initial Vocabulary.
\ VWrda cJ t',ii« termination have the accent of the words
OA
Accent the Antepevultimate.
Gilboa, Tekoa, SilUa, Eshtemba.
ARA ERA IRA URA
Accent the Penultimate.
Guzara, Ahira, Sapphira, Thyat^ra, Bethsara.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Baara, Bethabara, Patara, Fotipbera, Sisera
ASA OSA
Accent the Penultimate.
Cleasa, Tryphosa.
Adasa, Amasa.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
ATA ETA ITA
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ephphata, Achmeta, Melita, Hatita.
AVA UA AZA
Accent the Penultimate.
Ahava, Klalcbishua, Elishua, Shamua, Jahaza.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Jesbud, Abishua, Joshua.
AB IB OB UB
Accent the Penultimate.
Eliab, Sennacherib, Ishbi-Benob, Ahitob, Ahitub.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abinadab, Aminadab, Jehonadab, Jonadab, Chileab, Aholi
ab, Magor-Missabib, Aminadib, Eliashib, Baalzebub, Beelze-
bub.
AC UC
Accent the Antepenultimate,
Is3.ac, Syriac, Abacuc, Kabbacuc.
AD ED ID OD UD
Accent the Penultimate.
Almodad, Arphaxad, Elihud, Ahihud, Ahiud, Ahilud
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Galaad, Josabab, Benhadad, Gilead, Zelophead, Zelophe
had, Jochebed, Galeed, Icliabod, Ammihud, Abiud.
CE DEE LEE MEE AGE YCHE OHE ILE AME OME
ANE ENE OE OSSE V^E
Accent the Penultimate.
Fhenice, Bernico, Eunice, Eielolie, Salome, Magdalene,
Abilene, Mitylene, Cyrene, Syene, Coiosse, (Nazarene, pro-
nounced in three syllables, with the accent on the last.)
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Zebodee, Galilee, Ptoiemee, Bethphage, Syntyche, Subile,
Aparac, Gethsemane, Silos, Ninive.
ITE| (in one syllable.)
Accent the Penultimate.
Thisbite, Shuhite, Abiezrite, Gittite, Hittite, Hivite, Bu
zite.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Harodite, Agagite, Areopagite, Gorgashite, Morashite, Ha*
ruphite, Ephrathite, Bethelito, Carmelite, Hamulite, Benja-
frotn which they are formed, and on this aecoimt are sometimes
accented oven on tlw preantepenultimate syllable ; as Bethle-
hemite, from Bethle/iem, and so i>f otiters. Words of this ter-
mination, therefore, of two syllables, have tire accent on ih»
penultimate syllable ; and woids of three or more, «n the same
syllable as their primitives. — See Rule the 8th.
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAME3.
1009
nsite, NehoIamJte, Shulamite, Shnnamite, Edoniito, Teniaiiile, I Sliominith, Lapidoth, Anatholh, Kerioth Slieinlramoth, Kede-
(iiionite, Shilonite, Horonite, Amorite, Jebusile. moth, AJiemoth, Jeriinoih, Sigionolh, Aslitatoih, Mazzaroth
Accent the Preantepenultimate.
Naamathite, Jezreolite, Betlilehemite, Ephraimite, (Ca-
n&aniie, generally pronounced in three syllables, as if wriiton
Can-an-Ue.)
AG OG
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abishag, Hamongog.
BAH CAH DAH EAH CHAH SHAH THAH
Accent the Penultimate,
Zobazibah, Makkedah, Abidah, Elisliah.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Dinhabah, Aholibali, Meribah, Abelbethm&acab, Abadab,
Moladah, Zeredah, Jedidah, Gibtiaii, Shimeah, Zaphnath-
Piianeali, Meachah, Borachah, Baasliah, Eliathah.
A I AH EI AH
{Ai and ei pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable.)
Accent the renultiinate.
Micaiah,* Michaiah, Benaiah, Isaiah, Iphedeiah, MSaseiah.
(Ai pronounced in two syllables.)
Adaiah, Pedaiah, Semaiah, Seraiah, Asaiah.
lAH
Accent the Penultimate.
Abiah, Rh(3abiah, Zibiah, Tobiah, Mliadiab, Zcb.idiah, Oba-
diah, Noadiah, Jpdidiah, Ah:ah7Pekahiah, Jezrahiah, Bara-
cliiah, Japhiah, Bithiah, Hezekiah, Ililkiah, Zedekiah, Ada-
liah, Gedaliah, Igdaliah, Athaliah,Hachaliah, Remaliah, Ne-
hemiah, Shelemiah, Meshelemiah, Jeremiah, Shebauiah, Ze-
phaniah,Nethaniah, Chenaniah,llananiah, Coniah, Jeconiah,
felieariah, Zachariah, Zi'ohariah, Amariah, Sheniariah, Aza-
riah, Neariah, Moriah, Uriah, Josiah, Messiah, Shephatiah,
Pulatiah, Ahaziah, Amaziah, Asaziah, Uzziah.
JAH
Accent the Penultimate.
Aijah, Abijah, Jehidijah, Ahijah, Elijah, Adonijah, Irijah,
f obadonijah, Urijah, Hallelujah, Zerujah.
KAH LAH MAH NAH OAH RAH SAH TAH VAH
UAH
Accent the Penultimate
Rebekah, Azekah, Machpelah, Aholah, Abel-meholah, Beu-
iah, Elkanali, Hannah, Kirjath-sannah, Harbonah, Hashmo-
iiali, Zalmonah, Sliiloah, Noah, Manoah, Zanoah, Uzzen-
Bherah, Zipporah, Keturah, Hadassah, Malciiishuah, Sham-
niuah, Jehovah, Zeruah.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Marrekah, Baalah, Shuthelah, I'elmelah, Methuselah, Hach-
ilah, Hackilah, Daliiah, Delilah, Havilah, Raamah, Aholib-
amah, Adamah, Elishamah. Ruhamah, Loruhamah, Kede-
mah, Asbimah, Jemimah, Penninah, Baarah, Taberah, Debo-
rah, Ephratah, Paruah.
ACH ECH OCH
Accent the Penultimate,
Meroflach, Evil-merodach.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Aliisamach, Ebed-melech, Abimelech, Ahimelech, Elime-
lechjAlammelecli, Anammelech, Adrammelech, Regemraelech,
Nathan-oielech, A-ioch, Anlioch.
KEH LEH VEH APH EPH ASH ESH ISH
Accent the Penultimate.
Elyealeh, Elioreph, Jehoash.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Rabshakeh, Nineveh, Ebiasaph, Bethshemesh, Enshemeah,
Carchcmish.
ATH ETII ITH OTH UTH
Accent the Penultimate.
Goliath, Jehovah-jireth, Hazar-maveth, Baal-berith, Reho-
both, Arioth, Nebaicth,! N"uioth, Moseroth, Hazeroth, Piha-
hiroth, Mosoroth, Allon-bachuth.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Mahalath, Bashemath, Asenath, Daberath, Elisabath, Dab-
basheth, Jerubbesheth, Ishbosheth, IMephibosheth, Harosheth,
Zoheleth, Beclitileth, Shibboleth, Tanjiumeth, Genesareth,
Asbazareth, Nazareth, Mazzareth, Kirharaseth, Shelomith,
* For the pjinunciation of the two last syllables of these
words, soo Rule 5th prefixed to Scripture Pro-per Namep.
64
Al
(Pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable.)
Accent the Penultimate,
Cholubai, Asmadai, Sheshai, Shimshai, Hushai, Zilthaj,
Bcrothai, TaJmai, Tolmai, j^inai, Talnai, Arbonai, Sarai,
Sippai, Bezai.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Mordocai, Sibbachai, Chephar-Hammonai, Pi&rai.
Al.
(Pronounced in two syllables.)
Accent the Penultimate.
Accent the Antepejiultim.ate.
Zabb'ii, Babai, Nobai, Sliobai, Subai, Zaccai, Sliaddai, Ami
shaddiii, Aridai, H«ldai, Hegai, Haggai, Belgai, Bilgai,
Abisbai, Uthai, Adlai, Barzill'ai, Uliii, Sisamiii, Shalmdi,
Shauiinai, Eiireuai, Tatn'ai, Shether-boznai, Naharai, Sharai,
Shamslier'ai, Shitr'ai, Arisai, fiastai, Bavai, Bigvai, Uzai.
DI EI LI MI NI 01 PI RI UI ZI
Accent the Penultimate.
Areli, Loainmi, Talithacumi, Gideoni, Benoni, Hazeleponi,
Philippi, Gehazi.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Engcdi, Simei, Shimiii, Edrei, Bethbirei, Abisei, Baali
Naphtliali, Nephthali, Pateoli, Adami, Naomi, Hanani, Beer-
lahairoi, Slehari, Haahashtari, Jesiii.
EK UK
Accent the Penultimate,
Adonizedck, Adonibezek.
Accent the Antepenultimatar.
Mekhizedok, Amalek, Habakkuk.
AAL EAL lAL ITAL UTAL
Accent the Penultimate.
BU.al, Kirjath-baal, HamutaL
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Mcribbaal, Eshbaal, Ethbaal, Jerubaal, Tabe'al, Belial
Abital.
AEL ABEL EBEL
Accent the Penultimate.
Jilel, Abel.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Gabael, Michael, Raphael, Mishael, Mehujael, Abimael,
Ishmael, Ismael, Anael, Nathanael, Israel, Asael, Zerubba-
bel, Zerobabel, Mehetabel, Jezebel.
EEL OGEL AHEL ACHEL APHEL OPHEL ETHEL
Accent the Penultimate.
Enrogel, Rachel, Elbethel
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Tabeel, Abdeel, Japhaleel, Mahaleel, Bezaleel, Hanameel,
Jerahmeel, Hananeei, Nathaneel, Jabneel, Jozreel, Hazeel,
Asahel, Barachel, Amraphcl, Achitophel.
lEL KEL
Accent the Penultimate.
Peniel, Uzziel.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abiel, Tobiel, AdicI, Abdiel, Gaddiel, Pagiel, Salathiol,
Ithiel, Ezokiel, Gamaliel, Shelumiel, Daniel, Othniel, Arie/^
Gabriel, Uriel, Shealtiel, Putiel, Haziel, Hiddekel.
UEL EZEL
Accent the Penultimate.
Deuel, Raguel, Bcthuel, Pethuel, Ilamuol, JeHiuel, Kemnol,
Nemue), Fhanuel, Penuel, Jeruel, Bethezel.
Accent the Antepemiltimate.
Samuel, J Lemuel, Emanuel, Immanuel.
AIL
(Pronounced in two syllables.)
Abih'dil,
Accent the Penultimate.
t The ai in this and the next word form but one syllable. —
30 Rule 5»
} See Rule the ''7th prefixed to Scripture Proper Nanres.
1010
SCRIPTURE PROPER XAMES.
AIL
(Pronounced as a diphthong in one gyllable.)
Mccent the Jititepenultimate.
Abigail
OL UL
Accent the Penultimate,
Bethgamul.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Eshtaol.
ODAM AHAM lAM IJAM IKAM
Accent the Penultimate,
Elmodam, Abijam, Ahikain.
Accent the Antepenultimate .
Abraham, Miriam, Adonikaiu.
OAM
Accent the Penultimate.
Eehoboam, Roboam, Jeroboam.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Siloam Abinoam, Ahinoam.
AKAM IRAM ORAM
Accent the Penultimate.
Padanaram, Abiram, Hiram, Adoniram, Adoram, Hadoram,
Jehoram.
AHEM EHEM ALEM EREM
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Menahem, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Beth-haccerem
AIM*
Accent the PenuWmate.
Cliusan-Rishathaim, Kirjathaim, Betbdiblatliaim, Rama-
thaim, Adith'aim, Misrephotlimaim, Abelraaim, MaJiaiVaim,
Manhanaim, Horon'aim, Sliaaraim, Adoraim, Sepliarvaim.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Rephaim, Dothaim, Eglaim, Carnaim, Shar'jlim, Ephraim,
Beth-ephraim, Mizraim, Abel-mizraim.
BTM CHIM PHIM KIM LIM NIM RIM ZIM
Accent the Penultimate.
Scrsechim, Zebdim, Kirjatharim, Bahurim, Kolkath-hazu-
rim.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Cherubim, Lehabim, Rephidim, Seraphim, Teraphim, Elia-
kim. Jehoiakim, Joiakim, Joakim, BSLalim, Dedanim, Ethanim,
Abarim, Bethhaccerim, Kirjath-jearim, Hazerim, BSal-pera-
zim, Gerizim, Gazizim.
DOM LOM AUM lUM NU]\I RUM TUM
Accent the Penultimate.
Obededom, Appii-forum, Miletum.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abishalom, Absalom, Capernaum, Rliegium, Trogyllium,
[conium, Adramyttium, Galbanum.
AAN CAN DAN EAN THAN IAN MAN NAN
Apcent the Penultimate.
Memucan, Chaldean, Ahiman, Elhanan, Johanan, Haman.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Canaan, Chanaan, Merodach-baladan, Nebuzaradan, Elna-
than, Jonatlian, Midian, Indian, Phrygian, Italian, Macedo-
nian, Ethiopian, Syrian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Naaman
AEN VEN CHIN MIN ZIN
Accent the Penultimate.
Man'den, Bethaveu, Chorazin.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Jehoiachin, Benjamin.
EON AGON EFHON ASTION AION ION ALON ELON
ULON YLON MON NON RON YON THUN RUN
Accent the Penultimate.
Baal-meon Beth-dagon, Baal-zephon, Naashon, Higgaion,
Slii^gaion, Chilion, Orion, Esdrelon, Baal-hamon, Philemon,
Abiron, Beth-horon.
Accent the Antepentiltimate.
Giheon, Zibeon, Gedeon, Gideon, Simeon, Pirathon, Hero-
diou, Carnion, Sirion, Ascalon, Ajalon, Askelon, Zobulon,
Babylon, Jeshimon, Tabrimon, Solomon, Lebanon, Aaron,
ApoJlyon. Jcduthun, Jeshurun.
Ahio.
EGO ICHO HIO LIO
Accent the Penultimate.
* In this selection, tiie ai form distinct syllables. — See
Rak 16.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Abednego, Jericho, GaJlio.
AR ER IR OR UR
Accent the Penultimate.
Ahishar, Baal-tamar, Balthasar, Eleazar, Eziongeber, Tig.
lath-pileser, Shalmaneser,Hadadezer, Abiezer, Ahiezer, Eli©-
zer, Romantiezer, Ebenezer, Joezer, Sharezer, Havotii-jair.
Asnoth-tabor, Beth-peor, Baal-peor, Nicanor Philomelor.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Issachar, Potiphar, Abiatliar, Itliamar, Shemcber, Lucifer,
Chedorlaomer, Aroer, Sosipater, Sopater, Achior, Nebucho
donosor, Eupator, Shedeur, Abishur, Pedahzur.
AAS BAS EAS PHAS IAS LAS MAS NAS OAS PAS
RAS TAS YAS
Accent the Penultimate.
Oseias, Esaias, Tobias, Sedecias, Abadias, Asadias, Abdia?,
Barachias, Ezechias, Mattathias, Matthias, Ezekias, N'ee-
mias, Jcremias, Ananias, Assanias, Azarias, Ezerias, Josias
Ozias, Bageas, Aretas, Onyas.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Annaas, Barsabas, Patrobas, Eneas, Phineas, Caiaphaa
Cleoplias, Herodias, Euodias, Georgias, Amplias, Lysanias
Gabrias, Tiberias, Lysias, Nicolas, Artemas, Elymas, Pat
menas, Siloas, Antipas, Epaphras.
CES DES EES GES HES LES NES SES TES
Accent the Penultimate.
Gentiles,! Rameses, Mithridat.es, Euphrates.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Rabsaces, Arsaces, Nomades, Fhinees, Astyages,Diotvephcs,
Ej)iphanes, Tahaphanes, Hermogenes, Taphenes, Calisthenes,
Sostlienes, Eumenes.
ENES and INES
(In one syllable.)
Accent tha Ultimate.
Gadarenes, Agarenes, Hagarenes.
Accent the Penultimate.
Philistines, (pronotsnced like Philistins.)
ITES
(Pronounced in one syllable.)
[Words of this termination have the accent of the words
from which they are formed, which sometimes occasions the
accent to be placed even on the preantepenultimate sylla"!*;
as, Ckleadites, from Oilead, and so of others. Words oJ nis
termination, therefore, of two syllables, have the accent on
the penultimate syllaljlc ; and words of three or more, on the
same syllable as tiieir primitives.]
Accent the Penultimate.
Gadites, Kenites, Jamnites, Levites, Hittites, Hivites.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Rechabites, Moabites, Gergeshites, Nahathites, Kohathitee,
Pelethites, Cherethitea, Uzzielites, Tarpejites, Elamites, Edom-
hf.s, Reubenites, Ammonites, Hermonites, Ekroiiites, Haga-
ritfts, Nazarites, Amorites, Geshurites, Jebusites, Ninevites,
Jeeuitos, Perizzites.
Accent the Preantepenultimate.
Gileadites, Amalekites, Ishmaelites, Israelites, Rlidianitos,
Gibeonites, Aaronites.
OTES
Accent the Penultimata.
Zelote*
IS
Accent the Penultimate.
Elimais.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Antiochis, Amathis, Baalis, Decapolis, Neapolis, Hierapo-
lis, Per^opolis, Ampliipolis, Tripolis, Nicopolis, Scythopolis,
Salamis, Damaris, Vabsaris, Antipatris, Atargatie.
IMS
Accent the Penultimate.
Emims, Zamzammims, Zuzims.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Rephaims, Gammadima, Cherethims, Anakims, Nethinims,
Chemarims.
ANS
Accent the Penultimate.
Sabeans, LaodicSans, Assideans, Galileans, Idumeans, Epi-
cureans.
t Q entiles. —This may be considered as an English word,
and should be pronounced in two syllables, as if written Jen-
tiles, the last syllable as the plural ottile.
SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES.
1011
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Arabians, Grecians, Herodian?, Antiocliians, Corinthians,
PaUhians, Scythians, Athenians, Cyrenians, Macedonians,
Zidonians, Babyl.nuana, Lacedemonians, Ethiopians, Cyjiri-
ans, Syrians, Assyrians, Tyrians, Epiiesians, Persians, Gala-
tiana, Cretians, Egyptians, JNiicoMitans, Scythopolitans, Sa-
maritans, Lybians.
MOS NOS AUS BUS CUS DUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Archellus, Menelaus, Abubus, Andronicus, Seleucus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Persamos, Stephanos, Emmaus, Agabus, Bartacus, Achai-
us, Tychicus, Aradus.
EUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Daddeus, Asmodeus, Aggeus, Zaccheus. Ptolemeus, Macca-
beus, Lebheus, Cendebeus, Thaddeus, Mardocheus, Mordo-
cheus, Alpheus, Timeus, Bartimeus, Hymeneus, Elizeus.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Dositheus, Timotheus, Nereus.
GUS CHUS THUS
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Areopagus, Philologus, Lysiniachus, Antiochus, Eutychus,
AtnadatJhuB.
lUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Darios.
■Accent th6 Antepenultimate.
Gaius, Atheuobius, Corneiius, Numenius, Cyrsnius, Apol-
lonius, Tiberius, Demetrins, Mcrcnrios, Dionysius, Pontius
Tertius. -
LUS MUS NUS RUS SUS TUS
Accent the Penultimate.
Aristobulus, Eubulus, Nicodemus, Ecanns, flircanus A<i!a-
nus, Sylvanus, Ahasuerus, Assuerus, Hciiodt)ni8^ ArotinUa,
Bar-jesns, Fortunatus, Philetus, Gpaphroditus, Azorus-
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Attains, Theopliilus, Aicimus, Trophimus, Onesimua. I>idy
mas, Libanus, Antilibanus, Sarchedoniis, Acheacharus, Laza-
rus, Citherus, Eintlierus, Jairus, Procliorus, Ouesiphorus
Asapharasus, Ephesus, Epenetus, Asyncritus.
AT ET OT 1ST OST
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Ararat, Eliphalet, Gennesaret, Iscariot, Antichrist, Pente-
cost.
EU HU ENU EW MY
Accent the Penultimate.
Casleu, Chisleu, Abihu, Andrew.
Accent the Antepenultimate.
Jehovah-Tsidkenu, Bartholomew, Jeremy.
BAZ GAZ HAZ PfIAZ
Accent the Penultimate.
Mahar-shalal-hash-baz. Shaash-gaz, Eliphaz
Accent the Antepenultimate.
JebSahaz.
LBJe |A
Deacidified using the Bookkeeper proce^.
Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide
Treatment Date; Nov. 2006
PreservationTechnologies
■ " ION
J
A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION
1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive
Cranberry Township, PA 16066
(724)779-2111
.■i '
1v,