mm Class _JTlai_£i- Book >N'^ 'x(q CopightN" 1^5 J COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT / AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF THE EMC^LISH LANGUAGE EXHIBITING THE ORIGIN, ORTHOGRAPHY, PRONUNCIATION, AND DEFINITIONS OF WORDS. /' BY NOAH WEBSTER, LL. D. n ▲BRIDGED FROM THE QUARTO EDITION OF THE AUTHOR : TO WHICH ARE ADDED, A SYI^OPSIS OF IVORBIS DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS. AND WALKER'S KEY TO THE CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK, LATIN, AND SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. ^x Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the Year 1847, By CHAUNCEY A. GOODRICH, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Connecticut. Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the Year 1857, By EMILY W. ELLSWORTH, JULIA W. GOODRICH, ELIZA S. W. JONES, WILLIAM G. WEBSTER, and LOUISA WEBSTER, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Connecticut. PREFACE. The author of the American Dictionary of the English Language has been prevented, by the state of his health, from attending, in person, to its abridgment into the octavo form. The work has, therefore, been committed, for this purpose, to Mr. J. E. Worcester, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, who has strictly adhered to the general principles laid down for his direction by the author. Cases of doubt, arising in the application of these principles, and such changes and modifications of the original as seemed desirable, in a work of this kind, intended for general use, have been referred, for decision, to Prof. Goodrich, of Yale College, who was requested by the author to act, on these subjects, as his representative. The Synopsis of words of disputed pronunciation has been prepared by the former of these gentlemen ; Walker's " Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin and Scripture Proper Names" has passed under the revision of the latter. The following are some of the most important principles on which the Abridg- ment has been conducted. The vocabulary has been considetably enlarged. It here embraces all the words contained in the original work, and in Todd's edition of Johnson's Dictionary, to- gether with such additional ones as have appeared to the author to be worthy of insertion. The leading and most important etymologies, as given in the quarto edition, are here retained. The definitions remain unaltered, except by an occasional compression in their statement. All the significations of words, as exhibited in the larger work, are here retained ; and new ones have, in some instances, been added by the author's direction, as deficiencies, in this respect, have been discovered. The illustrations and authorities are generally omitted: In doubtful or contested cases, however, they are carefully retained. In cases of disputed orthography, the principle, adopted in the quarto edition, of introducing into the vocabulary the different forms in question, has been carried, in the Abridgment, to a considerably greater extent. In most instances of this kind, the old orthography takes the lead, and is immediately followed by the one pro- posed. The u and k, however, are entirely excluded from such words as honor and music, in accordance with the decided tendency of later usage, both in this country and in England. In derivative words, the final consonant of the primitive is doubled only when under the accent, in conformity with one of the best established principles of the language. On this subject. Walker observes, in his Rhyming Dic- tionary, " Dr. Lowth has justly remarked, that this error (that of doubhng the final consonant when not under the accent) frequently takes place in the words worship- ping, counselling, etc., which, having the accent on the first syllable, ought to be vm'meu worshiping, counseling, etc. An ignorance of this rule has led many to write bigotted for bigoted, and from this spelling has arisen a false pronunciation ; but no letter seems to be more frequently doubled improperly than Z. Why w6 should write libelling, revelling, and yet offering, suffering, reasoning, I am at a loss to determine ; and unless I can give a better plea than any other letter in the alpha- bet for being doubled in this situation, I must, in the style of Lucian, in his trial of the letter t, declare for an expulsion." In this expulsion, it is believed, the public will finally concur, when they reflect, that this violation of analogv takes place in iv PREFACE. the derivatives of comparatively few words, in opposition to multitudes of instances in which the general rule prevails. As a guide to j)ronunciation, the words have been carefully divided into syllables. This, in the great majority of instances, decides at once the regular sound of the vowels in the respective syllables ; and wherever the vowels depart from this regu- lar sound, s. pointed letter is used, denoting the sound which they receive in such cases. When under the accent, the regular long sound of the vowels is also indi- cated by a pointed letter. Thus, by means of pointed letters, the necessity of re- spelling the words, as a guide to pronunciation, is chiefly obviated. In cases of disputed pronunciation, the different forms are frequently given. But the Synopsis of Mr. Worcester exhibits these diversities much more fully, and gives, in one view, the decisions of the most approved Pronouncing Dictionaries respecting about eight hundred primitive words, which, of course, decide the pronunciation of a great number of derivatives. Those who are interested in such inquiries are thus pre- sented, at a single glance, with nearly all the important points of difference in EngUsh orthoepy, and are enabled to decide for themselves, without the expense or trouble of examining the several authorities. Li some instances, vowels have a fluctuating or intermediate sound ; and hence there is a great diversity" among orthoepists in their manner of indicating the sound in question. Thus the sound of a, in monosyllables, in ass, asi, ask, ance, ant, etc., is marked by some with the short sound of a in fat, and by others with its Italian sound, as in father. In this work, the latter is given as the prevailing sound both in this country and in England. Mitford, indeed, observes, in his work on Har- mony in Language, " No English voice fails to express, no English ear to perceive, the difference between the sound of a in passing and passive ; no colloquial famihar- ity or hurry can substitute the one sound for the other." The true sound, how- ever, is not so long as that of a in father, but corresponds more exactly to the final a in umbrella. Being thus short, it is often mistaken for the sound of a mfat. There is another intermediate sound of a, between its ordinary sound in fall on the one hand, and in what on the other. This is heard in such words as salt, malt, etc. As this sound seems to incline, in most cases, towards the short rather than the long sound in question, it is here marked with the sound of a in what, though in many cases it is somewhat more protracted. The sound of o, in such words as lost, loft, toss, etc., is not so short as in lot ; but, like the o in nor, though slightly protracted, it should by no means be prolonged into the full sound of a in tall. In monosyllables endmg m are, as hare, fare, the a is slightly modified by the subsequent r. Such words ought not to be pronounced as if spelled hay-er,fay-er, but hair, fair. Perry alone, of all the Enghsh orthoepists, has introduced a distinct character to indicate this sound ; but it is well ascertained that Walker and others coincided with Perry in their pronunciation, in accordance with the general pronunciation of England in this respect. These remarks apply likewise to the words parent, apparent, transparent, etc. In respect to accent, there are many words in which the primary and secon- dary accent are nearly equal in force ; such as complaisant, caravan, etc. In such cases, the accent is here thrown towards the beginning of the word, in accordance with the general tendency of our language. In laying this work before the public in its present form, no efforts have been spared to make it a complete defining and pronouncing dictionary for general use. About sixteen thousand words, and between thirty and forty thousand definitions are contained in this dictionary, which are not to be found in any similar work within the author's knowledge. These additions do not principally consist of obsolete terms, or uncommon and unimportant significations of words. In most cases, on the contrary, they are terms and significations which are in constant use in the various departments of science and the arts, in commerce, manufactures, merchandise, the liberal professions, and the ordinary concerns of life. They mark the progress which the English language has niade during the seventy years which have elapsed PREFACE. V nee the publication of Dr. Johnson's Dictionary. Within that period, a complete revolution has taken place in almost every branch of physical science. New de- partments have been created, new principles developed, new modes of classification and description adopted. More rigid principles of definition have been gradually introduced into almost every department of human knowledge. In these respects, however, our dictionaries have remained almost stationary. The labors of our lexi- cographers, since the time of Johnson, have been chiefly confined to the introduc- tion of new words into the vocabulary. In the work of which this is an abridgment, the words have all been defined anew. The explanations given are adapted to the advanced state of knowledge at the present day, and to the changes which seventy years have made in the use of terms. In the definitions of the leading and im- portant words, the signification is explained by enumerating the properties of the object in question, and not merely by a reference to other words of a similar im- port. In numerous instances, the distinctions between words which are apparendy synonymous are traced with great minuteness; and it is hoped that the present work may supply, to a considerable extent, the place of a regular treatise on English synonyms. In a work of this kind, however, embracing, as it does, the whole circle of ideas embodied in tiie language of a nation, the utmost efforts of the lexicogra- pher are only an approximation towards the end in view. No single mind can enter, with perfect exactness, into all the multiplied distinctions of thought and lan- guage, among a highly civilized people. The author of such a work may, therefore, confidently hope for the candor and indulgence of an enlightened public. As the author of the original work has intrusted the superintendence of the Abridgment to another person, he is not to be considered as responsible for any of the modifications already alluded to. The quarto edition will, of course, be con- sidered a^ presenting his exact views of the proper arrangement and exhibition of words, in respect to their orthography and pronunciation. JVew; Haven, June 1, 1829. SYNOPSIS '-^Ci^ &^ OF WORDS DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS. ILLUSTRATIONS AND REMARKS. The object of this Synopsis is to exhibit, at one view, the manner in which words of doubtful, disputed, or various pronunciation, are pronounced by the most eminent English orthoepists. To these words a star is prefixed, as they occur in the Dictionary. The six Pronouncing Dictionaries which have been made use of in the Synopsis, namely, those of Sheridan, Walker, Perry, Jones, Fulton and Knight, and Jameson, were originally published in the order of time in which they are here exhibited, Sheridan's being the first, and Jameson's the last. The work of Perry, which has been made use of, is his " Synonymous, Etymological and Pronouncing English Dictionary," in royal 8vo., which was first published in 1805, and which differs, in the pronunciation of many words, from Perry's " Royal Standard English Dictionary," which appeared many years earlier. These orthoepists have each his own peculiar system of notation ; but as their sev eral systems could not be exhibited in the Synopsis without much inconvenience, and without causing great confusion and perplexity to the reader, their respective pronun- ciations have been represented by one method of notation. As these authors do not agree with each other with respect to the number and quality of the sounds of the English vowels, it is impossible, by the notation here used, to represent, in every instance, their precise difference. The cases of failure, however, are not important. Perry alone makes a distinction between the sound of long a as in fate, and of a as mfare, which last is marked by him thus (a). Sheridan, Perry, Fulton and Knight, and Jameson, make no distinction between the short sound of o as in not, and the sound of as in nor ; and Sheridan makes none between the sound of short a as in fat, and of what is called the Italian sound of a as in far and father. Fulton and Knight, on the contrary, not only make a distinction between the sound of a in fat and in far, but designate an intermediate sound, as in fast, not so short as a in fat, nor so broad as a in far. It is probable, however, that these orthoepists agreed in practice, in many cases, in which they differed in marking the pronunciation of words ; and that, in va- rious instances, they omitted to mark the discriminations in their dictionaries, which they were in the constant habit of making in reading and speaking. With regard to what is called the Italian sound of the letter a as in father, (in the Synopsis marked thus, a), there is a great diversity among the different orthoepists. Sheridan has npt used it at all, and Walker and Jameson are more sparing in the use of it than Perry, Jones, and Fulton and Knight. Dr. Webster has made more use of it than any of them. But this difference of sound is not deemed to be so impor- tant as to render it expedient *o introduce the words which are affected by it into the Synopsis. With regard to the mode of representing the sound of the letter t, when it comes after the accent, and is followed by u, as in the words nature and natural, there is a great diversity in the Pronouncing Dictionaries ; and this applies to a numerous class of words. It has been thought necessary to give only a few of these words, merely enough to show the diiTerent modes of different orthoepists. There is a class of words, in which the letter d is followed by one of the vowels e, z, or ?/, as arduous, hideous, obedience^ &c., respecting which there is a diversity of pro- viii , SYNOPSIS. nunciation. A,j)art ^nly of \these -have been insertvCd, but enough to exhibit this di^CTte%, lild »iri$icaJte whaf other*'^5^ds imi^lb3^a?fie*^e^ by it. Th^e are some words of three syllables, which we hear pronounced sometimes with the secondary accent on the first, and the primary accent on the third ; and sometimes IC vj^^j^iA^is qrdpjL reversed ; as, ambuscade, caravan, and partisan. Dr. Webster inclines V^^ generally to place the primary accent, in such words, on the first syllable; but the difference is not thought to be important enough to render it advisable, in all cases, to exhibit them in the Synopsis. With regard to the quantity of the last syllable of many words which end in He and ine, diS, juvenile and vulpine, there is a great diversity in the Pronouncing Dictionaries ; and there are some cases in which it is difficult to say whether the long or the short sound is to be preferred, and respecting which every one may, without impropriety, be permitted to follow his own taste or the usage to which he is accustomed. Some of the words of this sort stand in the Dictionary without having the quantity of the last syllable marked ; and but few of them have been inserted in the Synopsis. A considerable number of words are inserted, with regard to which there is only one uniform pronunciation exhibited by Dr. Webster and the several authorities made use of It has, nevertheless, been thought advisable to insert them, because a different pro- nunciation from the one here given is countenanced by other authorities, or, to a greater or less extent, by usage ; and it may, therefore, be satisfactory to many to see the authorities exhibited. The words accessory, centrifugal, centripetal and repertory are examples of this class. Some words are inserted, of which the pronunciation is, at present, well set- tled ; as, for example, break, covetous, hydrophobia and the noun defile. But with regard to these words, a different pronunciation from that which is now established formerly prevailed, and is supported by Sheridan. It will be seen that, in many instances, there are several words of the same class oi family, to which a star is prefixed in the Dictionary, though only one of them is found in the Synopsis. In these cases, the leading or primitive word is inserted, which gov- erns the rest of the same class ; as, for example, the pronunciation of acceptable and fearful determines the pronunciation of their derivatives, acceptably, acceptableness, fearfully a.ndfearfulness. In the Synopsis, the vowels are marked, in many instances, by a period under them, to denote an indistinct sound. These syllables are differently designated by the or- thoepists here made use of; though they all doubtless agreed in their manner of pronouncing them. In the word celibacy, for example, the vowels in the second and fourth syllables, which are represented, in the Synopsis, by the indistinct sound of e (e), are represented by Walker, Fulton and Knight, and Jameson, by the long sound of e, and by Sheridan and Jones by the short sound of y. Perry marks the i in the second syllable short, and leaves the y unmarked, as he does also the a in the third syllable, which all the rest designate as short, and which has, in the Synopsis, the mark of the indistinct sound of a. Those words which, in the first column of the Synopsis, have not the pronunciation marked, are pronounced in two different modes in the Dictionary. Those words which are so long as not to admit of being displayed, at length, in the body of the page, are there placed only in the first column, with Dr. Webster's pro- nunciation ; and the pronunciation of the other orthoepists is given at the bottom of the page. KEY To the Sounds of the Vowels as used in the Synopsis. Indistinct. A, fate, fat, far, fail, don'9-tive E, mete, met, rev'?-ry. I, pine, pin, clial'i9e. O, note, not, ntr, mSve, tri'pod. U, tube, tub, sat'urn. \h as in tkin ; th as in this. SYNOPSIS OF WORDS DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS. Webster. Sheridan. A»DI-€A-T1VE, ?b-dik'k?i-tiv, ABDOMEN, ?ib-do'men, AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, ab'so-lu-tijr're, AB'STRACT, a. SLb'strakt, A€-CEPT'A-BLE, Sk'sep-tEi-bl, ~ Ae-CESS*, ak'ses, A€'CES-SO-RY, ak'ses-sur-re, AD-DIT'A-MENT, ad'de-tJi-ment, AD-JU'VANT, ad'ju-vant, AD-VER'TISE-MENT. i A'E-RIE, a're, A-GAIN', (a-gen') si-gen', A-GAINST', } , (a-gensf) 5 ' ^ AG-GRAN'DIZE-MENT. 2 AlD'-DE-€AMP, AL'COVE, 9]-kove', AL'KA-Ll, al'k?i-le, AL-MOST', Oil-most', AL'PlNE, AL'TERN-ATE, v AM'BUS-€ADE, &ra-bijs-kade', A-MEN', a-men', AN-A-MORI'H'0-SIS. 3 ANCHOVY, 9n-cho've, aN'CIENT, ane'shent, A-NEM'0-SeOPE, an'e-mos-k5pe' aN'GEL, ane'j?l, AN-TI-Fe'BRILE, an-t?-feibrile, AN'TI-NO-MY, iin'te-no-me, AN'TI-PODES, an-tip'o-dez, AN-TIP'TO-SIS, an-tip-to'sis, AP-PULSE', ap'puls, A'PRON, a'prun, AU'UI-LINE, ak'w?-line, XR€H-I-PEL'A-GO, , AR'DU-OUS, ar'du-us, AR'I-E-TATE, ar'e-e-tate, AR'ITH-MAN-CY, n-rith'man-se, AR'0-MA-TlZE, 5r'9-m?i-tize, AT-TRa HENT, at'tra-hent, A-VANT' GUARD, st-vgLunt'gSlrd, A-VOW'EE, ?i-vow'e, AZURE, a'zhur, Walker. ab'd?-ka-tiv, fib-do'men, ab-sol'u-tur-re, §ib-strakt', ak'sep-t?i-bl, ak-ses', 5k'ses-so-re, ad-dit'?-ment, ad'ju-vant, e're, El-gen', Ei-genst' ade-de-kSiwng'j al-kove', al'k^i-le, ajl'most, al'pin, 5d-ter'nate, arn-bus-kade', a'men', an-cho've, ane'shent, Et-nem'9-skope, ane'jel, an-t?-leb'ril, ^n-tin'o-mp, an-tip'9-dez, an-tip-to'sis, ap'puls, a'purn, ak'we-lin, ar-ke-pel'a-go, ar'ju-iis, Ji-ri'e-tate, a-rith'man-se, ar'o-mfi-tlze, at'tra-hent, a-vant'gard, av-ow-e', a'zhure, Perry. aib-dik'51-tiv, atb-d5'm^n, ab'do-m6n, ab'so-lu-to-r?, ab'strakt, ak-sep't?-bl, ak-ses', ak'ses-so-re, ^d-dit'ai-ment, ?-gam', j-gainst', Jones. ab'de-ka-tiv, 5ib-d6'men, ?ib-sol'u-tur-?, Fulton S( Knight ab'd?-ka-tiv, 9b-do'men, Eib-sor'u-tur-e, ak'sep-tsi-bl, ak-ses', ak'ses-sur-re, ad'd^-tsL-ment, ad-ju'v^int, a'er-e, 9-gen', ?i-genst'. ak'sep-tai-bl, 91-kove', ai'kai-le, &ll-m5st', ai'pin, 5il-ter'nate, am-bus-kade', a-men', ?n-ch5've, an'shent, 5-nem'9s-kope, ane'jel, an-te-fe'bril, an'te-no-me, 5in-tip'o-dez, Ein-tip'to-sis, ap-puls', a'purn, ak'we-lin, ar'du-us, ar'e-e-tate. 9l-kove', ai'kct-1?, Sdl-most', ak'ses-sur-?, ^d-dit'a-ment, ad'ju-vant, a'er-?, ?-gen', a-genst'. ade-?-kSiwng', 5il-kove', ai'ka-le, gjl-most' ail'most. am-bus-kade', a-men', 5in-ch6've, ane'shent, ^-nem'o-skope, ane'jel, an-t?-feb'ril, an-tin'o-me, ain-tip'9-dez, ^il-ter'njte, am-bus-kade , a-men', 5in-cho've, ane'shent, a-nem'o-skope, ane'jel, an-te-feb'ril, an-tin'9-me, jn-tip'o-dez. ap'puls, a'purn, ak'we-llne, ark-e-pel'fi-go, ar'du-us, ap'puls, a'purn, ak'we-line, ark-e-pel'j-go. Kr'du-us, Jameson. ab'd?-ka-tiv. 5ib-d6'mfn. ?ib-sol'u-tur-rf. ^b-strakt'. £ik-sep't$i-bl. ak'ses, ak-ses' ak'ses-S9-re. ad-dit'gi-ment. ad'ju-vant. e're. it-gane/. 51-ganst' ade'de-ka.wng. 9l-k6ve'. aiksi-li. ill'mSsL al'plne. ai-ter-nate'. am-bus-kade'. a-men'. Ein-ch5've. ane'shent. ai-nem'9-sk6pe ane'jel. an-te-feb'ril. an-tin'9-me. an-tip o-dez. an-tip-to's}3. ap'puls. a'prun. a'kwe-line. ar'du-fig. Ji-rom'Hize, at'tra-hent, at'tra-b^nt, at'tr?i-hent. a-vant'gard, ^-vaat'gyard, ?i-vant'gyard. az'ur. Kzh'ur, a'zhur, ?i-ritfi man-s?. a-ro'm^-tlze ai-vaung'gard- av-ow-e'. a'zhure. BA€K-SLIDE', BAL'€0-NY, bak'slide, b^I-ko'n?, bak-slide', b^I-ko'ne, bak'slTde, biil-ko'ne. b^il-ko'ne, bak-slIde b?tl-ko'n?, bSk-slide'. I b5il-k5'n?. ( b51'k9-nt. Sheridan. I ^d-ver'tjz-raSnt, Walker. ?id-vgr't}Z-ment, Perry^ 9d-ver't}:5-inent, Jameson. -vgr'tjz-mSnt Jones. Fulton ^ Knight. ^d-ver'tjz-mSnt, ^id-ver'tjz-ment, 1 ad-v?r-tize'm?nt, ad-v?r-tize'm?nt, j '^^ "-^ ■•'" "* ' < 5d-v?r-tize'ra?nt, &d-v?r-tlze'm?nt, ag'gran-dlze-m^nt, ag'grsin-dlze-m?nt i ^^ gr^n-dize-m^nt, ^g/gr^n-dize-ment, ag'gr?n-dize-m?nt, ?«-gran'diz-mSnt i ag-gran'djz-ment, ) &n-5i-m9r-fb'ai3, an-?i-m9r-fb's}S, 5n-^-mor'f9-sis, an-si-rnqr-fo'sja, &n-si-in9r-f5'9is, 5n-?k-m8rf.-, ( kon-jSe', kong-zha' ko-nis-saxe', kon-nis-silre', kon-nis-sure', kon-nis-siire', ko-nis-sare'. kon'sjs-tur-e, kon'sis-to-re, kon'sis-tur-e. kon'sjs-tur-e, kon'sjs-tur-e. k9n-sol'a-tur-e, kon-so'la-to-re, kon-sol'a-tur-e, kon-sol'a-tur-e, kon-sol a-tur-? k9n-stel'late, k9n-stel'late, kon-stel'late, kon-stel'late. kon'ste-tu-tiv, kon'ste-tu-tiv, kon'ste-tu-tiv, kon'ste-tii-tiV, kon'ste-tu-tiv. i kon'stru, ) kSn'strii, kon'stru, kon'strii, kon'strii. ! kon'stur, ) I ^°"'^""' '^°"'^^"' \ kon'sult, kon'siilt. ! k9n-sult', k9n-siilt', ) kon-siim'mate, k9n-siim'mate, k9n-siim'met, k9n-siim'mate, kon-siim'mate. k9n-tem'plate, kon-tem'olate, ±9n-tem'plate, kon-tem'plate, kon-tem'plate. |k9n-tent', | k9n-tent', k9n-tent', kon-tent', k9n-tent'. i kon'tent, ) ' kon'trite, kon-trite', kon'trite, kon'trite, kon'trite. kon-ve'ne-ent, kon-ve'ne-ent, kon-ve'ne-ent, kon-ve'nyent, kon-ve'ne-em, k9n-ven'te-kl , k9n-ven'te-kl, kon'ven-te-kl, kon-ven'te-kl, kon-ven'te-ki kon'ver-sctnt, / kon-ver'sant, j kon'ver-sunt, kon'vers-ant, | kon'ver-sant. k9n-ver's^nt, ) ( kon-ver'sunt, k9n-vers'ant, ) " ' kiin'ne, kun'ne, kiin'ne, kun'ne, kiin'ne. ko-ket're, k9-ket're, k9-ket're, k9-ket're, k9-ket're. kor'je-al, kor'de-al, kor'de-ul, kor'dyal, kor'de-al. kor'9-lar-e, kbr'o-la-r?, kor'9-lar-e, kor'ol-lar-e, kor'o-lar-e. koo'reer, koo're-a, koo-reer', k66'reer, k6o-reer'. kiir'che-us, kiir'clie-us, kur'te-us, kiirt'yus, kore'te-us. kuv'e-tiis, kiiv'et-iis, kQv've-tiis, kiiv'et-iis, kiiv'e-tiis. kreek, kreek, kreek, kreek, kreek. krok'9-dil, krok'o-dil, krok'9-dil, krok'o-dil, krok'9-dllo Sheridan. 1 kli-mak-ter'rik 2 kom-men'da-bl 2 kom'm?n-d9-bl ^ kon't?m-pla-tur, Walker. klim-ak-ter'rik, kom'm?n-da-bl, k9m-men'da-bl, k9n-tem'pla-tur, Perry. kli-mak-ter'rjk, k9m-men'da-bl, kon-tem'pla-tur, Jones. klim-Eik-ter'rik, k9m-men'daL-bl, k9n-tem'pla-tyr, Fulton Sf Knight. klim-^k-ter'rik, kom'm?n-d§i-bl, k9D-tem'pia-tur, Jameson. klim-ak-ter'rjk. kgm-men'da-bl k9n-tem'pJa-tiiir. XI* Webster Sheridan. €RIJP'PER, krup'per, €3d<€UM-BER, kow'kum-b?r, €UI-RASS',(kwe-rasi) ku'ras, €UiSH, (kwis) kush, eu'NEI-FORM, ku-ne'e-form, eUP'BoARD, kub'burd, CYN'0-SURE, si'no-sure, SYNOPSIS. Walker. krup'p?r, kow'kum-ber, kw?-ras', kwis, ku-ne'e-form, kub'burd, sin'o-shure, . si'no-shure, Perry. krup'per, kow'kum-b?r, kwe'raSj kwish, ku-ne'e-ffirra, kiSp'bord, si'no-sure, sin'o-sure, Jones. krup'per, kuk'um-ber, kwe'rus, kwis, kiip'burd, ■ sin'9-sure. Pulton ^ Knight. Jameson. krup'per, krup'pfr. kowfkijm-b?r, kw?-ras', kwis, kub'burd, I sin'9-sure, I si'no-sure. ku'kum-bff kwf-rSs' kwis. ku-ne'e-form. kub'burd. si'n9-shure DAUNT, Deaf, de-cep'to-ry, decorous, DE-CRe'TAL, DECUSSATE, DE-FlLE', DEMONSTRATE, DEM'ON-STRA-TOR. DEN'I-GRATE, DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, DER-NIER', DESI€€ATE, DE-SiGN', DES'UL-TO-RY, DIAMOND, DIM'IS-SO-RY, Dl'O-OE-SAN, DIS'eOUNT, V. DIS-eREP'ANCE, DIS-€REP'ANT, DIS-€Re'TIVE, DIS'PU-TA-BLE, DIS-SYL'LA-BLE, DI-VER-TIZE', Do'OI-BLE, Do'ClLE, DONATIVE, DRAMA, DU-RESS', DIZ^'NAS-TY, DYS-PEP'SY, da.wnt, def, de-sep'tur-e, d?-ko'rus, de-kre'tal, de-kiis'sate, defe-15, d?-mon'strate, de-ni'grate, de-pl'la-tiir-e, dern-yare', de-sik'kate, de-zine', des'ul-tur-e, di'raund, di-mis'so-re, di-os'se-san, dis-kount', dis'kre-pans, dis'kre-p^int, dis'kre-tiv, dis'py-ta-bl, dis'sil-la-bl, dos'sibl, dos'sil, do'na-tiv, dra'ma, du'res, dl'nas-te, dis'pep-se, E€-€HYM'0-SIS, ek-k?-mo'sis E€H'I-NUS, §-ki'nus, E-€LaIR'CiSSE-MENT. 2 E-eLAT', (e-kla') e-kliw', E'DI€T, E-LE'6I-Ae, EM-BRA-StJRE', EM'PIR-ie, n. EM-PY-Re'AN, EN-€oRE', ENERVATE, EN-FEOFF', (fef) EN-<7-EL'0P, EN-VI'RONS, e'dikt, el-^-ji'jk, em-br§i-zh6or'. em'pe-rik, em-p9-re'fin, ong-kore', e-ner'vate, en-feef, on-vf-lope', on-v?-ronz', dant, def, des'ep-tyr-e, de-k5'ru3, de-kre'tal, ' dek'r?-tal, de-kus'sate, de-file'. dawnt, ddnt, dant. def, de-sep'to-re, dek'9-rus, de-kre't^l, de-kus'sate, d?-flle'. def. ddnt, def, de-ko'rus, de-kre't^l, d?-kus'sate, de-file' df-k5'rus, de-kre'tal, d?-kus'sate, d?-file', de-mon'strate, de-raon'strate, d§-mon'strate, d?-mon'strate, dant. def. des'fp-tur-e de-ko'rus. de-kre't5il, dek'r?-tEd. de-kus'sate. d§-file'. de-mon'strate. den'e-grate, j den'e-grate, d?-ni'grate, de-ni'grate, den'e-grate. de-ni'grate, ) de-pil'fi-tur-e, de-pil'a-to-rf, de-pi'l?.-tvr-f. dern-yare', der'ne-er, dern-yare', dern-yare'. de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate, de-sik'kate d?-sine', de-sine', de-sine', df-sine', de-zine'. des'ul-tur-e, des'ul-to-re, des'ul-tur-?, des'ul-tur-e, des'ul-tur-e di'a-mund, di'$i-mund, di'mund, j di'*-™'^']^*^' \ di'si-mund. ■ 'I di'raund, ) dim'j3-sur-§, dim'is-sur-?, dim'is-sur-e, diro'le-siar-* di-03'Sf-san, di-os'e-ssin, di-os'se-sun, di-os'?-san, di-os'se-san dis-kount', dis-kount', dis-kount', dis-kount', dis-kount'. dis'kre-pans, dis'kre-pans, dis'kre-puns, dis'kre-pcins, dis'kre-pan^ dis'kre-pant, dis'kre-pant, dis'kre-pant dis-kre'tiv, dis-kre'tiv, dis-kre'tiv. I dis'pu-ta-bl, Kj -,t^_^j dis'pu-ta-bl, dis'py-tgt-bl, [dis'pu-ta-bl, ' dis-pu'ta-bl, ^ • f • ' f. . , i-v v , ^ dis-pu'ta-bL dis'sil-la-bl, dis-sil'la-bl, dis'sil-lfi-bl, dis-sil'l?t-bl, dis-sil'lj-bl de-ver'tiz, de-ver'tiz, di-ver'tiz dos'e-bl, do'se-bl, dos's?-bl, dos'e-bl, dos'e-bL dos'sil, do'si!, dos'il, dos'sil. don'si-tiv, don'a-tiv, don'si-tiv, don'a-tiv, don'gi-ti^ dra'ma, dram'ma,dr'a'ma, dra'ma, dra'msi, dra'mji. dii'res, du'res, du'res, dii'r?s. jdi'nas-te, | di'nas-t? , din'^is-t?, j din'?s-t?, j din'as-t* Idin'as-te, ) ' "" ^ ^' < di'nas-te, ) dis'pep-se, dis'pep-se, dis'pep-s« ek-k?-m6'sis, ek-kl-m5's}3 e-ki'nus. e-kl3.w', e-kla', ek-kla', ?-kl§Lw', ek-kla' e'djkt, ed'ikt, e'dikt, 5'dikt, 5'dikt, e'dpct. el-e-ji'^k, i!:^^'-'-:^'^' lel-e-ji'ak, gl-?-ji'§tk, gI-?-ji'?k. ( el-e-ji'ak, ) em-bra'zhiire, em'bra-zure', em-bra'zhQre, em-bra'zhur, ?m-bra'zhure j em'pe-rik, em'pe-rik, J g^, jk j gm'pe-rik, L^.pjr/ife. f em-pir'ik, em-pir'ik, ) ( em-pir'ifc, ) I em-pe-re'an, ?m-pir'e-an, ; ( em-pe-re'^n, em-pe-re'an, ! em-pir'e-an, em-pe-re'an, ) ( em-pir'e-jn, ?m-pir'e-^n ong-kore', on-k5re', ong-kore', ang-kore', ong-kore'. ?-ner'vate, ?-ner'vate, ?-ner'vate, e-ner'vate, e-ner'vate. en-feef, en-fef, ?n-fef', en-fef, en-feef. on-ve-lope', en'v?-lope, 6n-ve-lope', an-ve-l6pe', ong-ve-lope'. j on-ve-ronz', ^n.^j^runz, on-v?-ronz', anVe-ronz, I en've-runz, [ en-vi'runs, > ( en-vi'runz. Sheridan. 1 d€m'un-6tra-tyr Walker. { dem-m9n-stra'tur. Perry. dem-un-stra'tur. ( d?-mon'stra-tur 8 ?k-W^"'siz-ni!5pt, fk-klare's}z-ment, a-klare'sjs-nion, fk-klare's^z-Tnong, e-klaxe'sjz-mang, ?k Jones. Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson. dem-mon-stra'tur 8jz-ment s YNOPSIS. Xiii Weostet Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton ![ Knight. Jameson. EPH'OD, ef'9d. ef'od, e'fod, efod. efod. ef9d. 6f9d. EPieUREAN, gp-?-ku-re'§in, ep-e-ku-re'911. ep-e-ku-re'?n. ep-e-ku-re'pii ep-^-ku-re'sin, ep-?-ky-rS'?n. E'POCH, ep'9k, ep'ok, e'pok. e'pok. ep'9k. ep'9k. ep'9k. EP'ODE, gp'ode. ep'ode, e'pode. ep'ode, e'pode. ep'ode. ep'ode, ep'ode. E'aUE-RY, f Kwer'?, e-kwer'e. efc'wer-re. e-kwer'f. ?-kwer'r?. e'kwer-?. ER'RAND, &r'r5ind, arrsind. er'r^nd, er'rund, ( er'rund, ( ar'r^md, j er'rand. ER'U-DlTE, ES-SaYTST er-y-dite', es-sa'ist, yu-r9-pe'an. er'u-dit. er'vi-dite. es'sa-ist es'sji-ist. EU-RO-Pe'AN, yu-r9-pe'?a, j yu-ry-p5'an. I yu-ro-pe'an. ^ l yu-ro'pe-an, ) E-VAN-GEL'I-€AL, e-v?n-jel'e-kal, ev-an-jel'e-kal, e-van-jel'e-kal, e-van-jel'e-k^l ev-an-jel'e-kstl, e-VEm-jel'§-k£il EX-A-CERB'ATE, eks-fi-serbate, eks-Ss'er-bate, eks-as'er-bate. 6gz-9-ser'b?ite. EX'EM-PLA-RY, egz'em-pljr-e. egz'em-plar-e. egz-em'pla-re, egz-em'plni-re, egz'em-plsir-?. 6gz'em-plEir-^ EX-Pe'DI-ENT, ?ks-pi3'dzhent, ( eks-pe'de-ent, 1 eks-p2'Je-ent, eks-p5'd?-ent. ?ks-pe'dyent. eks-pe'de-ent. EX'PRO-BRATB, EX-PRO-BRA'TIVE EXSICCATE, eks-pro'brate, ( eks-pe'je-eiit, eks-pro'brate, eks-pro bra-tiv, ek-sik'kate, ) eks-sik'kate, ek-sik'kate, ek-sik'kate, ek-sik'kate, fk-sik'kate. EXTIRPATE, ek-ster'pate, ek-ster'pate, ek-ster'pate, ek-ster'pate, ek-ster'pate. ek-ster'pate EXUDATE, ek-su'date. ek-su'date, t;k-su'date. ek-su'datej fk-su'date, ek-su'date. E^RE, are, are. iU-e, are, are, are. EY'RY, e're. a're, a're, a're, a're, a'r?. FAB'Rie, fab'rjk. f ab'rik, f a'brjk , fab'rik, fab'rik, fab'rik, < fab'rik, \ f a'brjk. FAC-ADE', (fas-sade ) fFi-sade', fsi-sad'. FAC'UND, fa-kund'. fak'und, fak'und. fak'und. FALCHION, fai'chun. fall'chun, fal'che-un. fai'chun, rai'shun. fai'shun. FAL'CON, faw'kn. fa.w'kn. fai'kn, fav/'kn. faw'kn. fawku. FAL'CON-ER, f§,wk'nur, faw'kn-ur, fai'kn-ur. f-a.w'kn-ur. faw'kn-er, faw'kn-er. FAN'FA-RON, fan'fa-ron, fan-fci-rone', /-fare'wel. fan'fa-run, f4re-wel'. fan'fa-ron. )fare-wgl'. fire'wel, >fare-wei', ( far-wel', •( f are-wel', fare-wel', FAREWELL, far-wel'. \farwel. far-wel'. fare'wel. (far-wel'. far'wel, J FAS'C'INE, f^s-eeen', fas-seen'. f^s-seen'. fas-seen'. fas-seen', fas-seen'. FAULT, fawt. fawit. fa wit, fawlt, fawlt. fawlt. Fe'AL-TY, feel'te, fe'5il-te, fe'al-te, fe'ul-te. fe'al-te. feel'te. FeAR'FUL, fer'ful. feer'ful, fer'ful feer'fyl, feer'ful. feer'ful, fer'ful , feer'ful. Fe'BRiLE, fe'brile. feb'ril. fe'bril. fe'bril, fe'bril. fe'bril. FE'CUND, f?-kund'. fek'und. fe-kiind', fek'und, fek'und. FEOFF, (fef ) fef, fef. fef. fef, fef. feef. FEOF-FEE', feffe. feffe, fef-fee'. feffe, feffe, fef-fee' FET'ID, fet'id, fet'id. fe'tid. fet'id, fet'id. fet'id. FIEND, feend. feend, feend. feend. feend. feend. FIERCE, fgrs. f eers, f ers. feers. feers. feers, fers. feers. FLAUNT, flant. flant, flawnt. flant, flant. flant. FORE-FA'THER, fore-fii'tRur, fore-fa'thur. fore'fa-ther. fore'fa-thur. fore-fa'tfier. fore'fa-tli?r. FORE-FIN'GER, fore'fing-gur. fore'fing-gur, fore'fin-ger, fore'fing-ger. FORT'NIGHT, fart'nite. fort^nlte, fort'nit, fart'nite, fort'nite. fort'nite. FOR'TUNE, far'tune, for'cliune, for'tune. far'chune, for'tune, for'tune. FRANK-IN'CENSE, frank'in-sens, frangk'in-sens. frank'in-sens, frank'in-sens. frangk'in-sens. frangk'in-sens FRAT'RI-ClDE, frat'tre-side. frat're-slde, fra'tre-slde. frat're-side. frSt're-side, frat're-side. FREE'THINK-ER, fre-think'er. fre-thingk'er. fre-think'er, fre'think-er. fre'think-er, fre-thingk'er FRE'aUENT, V. fre-kwent', fre-kwent', fre-kwent', fre'kwent. fre-kwent'. fre-kwent FRONT, front, frunt, front, friint. frunt. friint. friint. FRONT-IeR', fron'tyer, ( fron'cheer, ( front'yeer, I fron'teer. front'yeer. front'yeer. V frSn'teer FUL'SOME, ful'sum. ful'sum, ful'sum. fiil'sum. ful'sum. fiil'sum FU'SI-BLE, fu'se-bl, fu's?-bl. fu'ze-bl. fii'ze-bl, fu'ze-bl. fa'ze-bl FtJ'SIL, fii-zee'. fu-zee'. fu'zil. fu-zee'. fu-zee'. fii'zn. GABARDINE, gab-ar-deen'. gab-9r-deen', gab'jr-deen. gab-ar-deen', gab-ar-d5en'. gab-ar-deen' GAIN-SaY', gane'sa, gane-s5', gane'sa, gane-sa'. gane-sa'. gane-sa'. GAL'AX-Y, ga'lak-se. ga!'lak-se, ga-iak's9. gal'lak-se. gai'l?ik-se. gai'l?k-9e. GEL'A-BLE, je'la-bl, jgl'a-bl, je'lsi-bl. jel'a-bl. jel'si-bl, jel'^-bl. 6IeR'eA-GLE, ger'egl. j6r'e-gl. . j6r'e-gl. eiR'AN-DOLE, je'ran-dole, je'ra-sol, je'r^n-dole. GIR'A-SOLE, ji'r?i-s5le, jir'a-sole, . jT'ra-sole. GLa'CIS, gla'sis, gla'sis, gla-segz , gla'sis. gla'sis. gla'sjs, gla-sgez', gla'sjs. GLAD-I-a'TOR, gl?-dya'tyr, gl&d-?-a'tur, glad-f-a'tuur, giad-?-a'tur, giad-e-a'tLU-, giad-f-a'tur. SYNOPSIS. Wehster. Sheridan. IValker. Perry Jones. Fulton 4- Knii rht. Jameson. SOLD, goold, gold, goold. gold, goSId, gold, gold, goold, gold. G0U6E, gooje. gSSje, gouje. gSSje, gS&je, g66je. Gourd, goord. gord, goord. goord. gSord, goord, gord, goSrd. GRAN'A-RY, gran'a-re. gran'Ei-re, gra'na-re. gran'?i-r?, gran'a-re, gra'na-re. GRaNT'OR, graut'ur. gr5nt-tor'. grant'ur, grant'ur, grant'ur. grant'ur. GRINDSTONE, grind'stone, grind'stone. grind'stone. grind'stme, grind'stone, grind'stone GUaIA'€UM, gwa'a-kiim. gwa'ya-kum, gwa'ya-kiim, gwa'a-kQm, gwa'a-kiim. GUARD, gard, gyard. gard, gyard. gyard. gard. GUIDE, gyide, gyide, gide. gyide. gyide, gide. 6YM-NAS'TI€, jim-nas'tik, jjm-nas'tik, jim-nas'tjk. jim-nas'tik, jim-nas'tik, gim-nas'tik 6YP'SUM, jip'sum, jivz, . ffin sum . e^VES, givs, jivz. jivz. jivz, jivz. HAL'CY-ON, hal'shuu, hal'she-un. hal'she-un, hal'se-un. hal'she-un. hal'she-un. ilALE, V. hail. hale, h^l, hill. hale, hale, hMl, hale. HALF'-PEN-NY, ha'pen-ne, ha'pen-ne, ha'pen-n?, ha'pen-ne, ha'pen-ne, ha'pen-n?. (hap- or ha'pen-ne) ) HAli'LOO, V. i. hal-loo', hal-166'. ha-rang', hatch'el, . hcil-lo6' HARANGUE, ha-rang', hak'kl, ' ha-rang', h^l. h^-ran^ hak'kl. HATCHEL, hak'kl," hak'kl, HAUNT, hant, haunt. hant. hant. hant, hant, hant. HkARD, herd. herd, herd. . . herd. He^BRA-ISM, hebra-izm, heb'ra-izm, he'bra-izmj heb'ra-izm. heb'rsi-izm. he'hx^-izva. HEEdElA-IST, he-bra'ist, heb'ra-ist. he'bra-ist. heb'ra-ist, heb'ra-ist, he'brei-ist. HE-6I'RA, he-jI'ra, \ he-ji'ra, ( hed'je-ra. 1 he-ji'ra. he-ji'ra. he-ji'i-^t, ( he-ji'r?, \ hed>je-rsi HEIGHT, hite, hite, hate, hite, hite, hite. hite. HEI'NOUS, he'nus, ha'nus. ha'nus. ha'nus. ha'nus. he'nus HEM'I-STI€H, he-mis' tjk, he-mis'tik. hem'is-tik. he-mis'tik. he-mis'tik. he-mis'tA. HER-€U'LE-AN, her-ku'le-an. her-ku'le-^n. her-ku-le'an. HER-E-DIT'A-MENT, 1 HERESIAR€H, he-re'syark, he-re'zhe-ark. he-re'zhe-ark. he-re'zhe-ark. HER'0-lNE, hero-in. her'o-in. he'ro-in, hei^9-in. her'o-in. her'o-in. HER'O-ISM, her'o-izm, her'o-izm. he'ro-izm. her'o-izm. her'9-izm. her'9-izm. HET'E-R0-€LITE, het-e-ro-klite', het'er-o-klite, het'e-ro-klit, het'er-9-klite, het'er-o-klite, het'er-o-klite HET-E-RO-GE'NE-OUS. 2 , HI€€OUGH, HICK'UP, 1 hik'kup, ( hik'kup, ( hik'kof. 1 hik'kof. hik'kup. hik'kup, 1 hik'kup. / hik'kof. filD'E-OUS, hid'yus, ( hid'e-us, ( hid'je-us. 1 hid'e-iis. hid'e-us, hid'yus. hid'f-us. HIEROPHANT, hi"-e-ro-fant', his-tor'e-fi. hi-er'o-fant. his-tor'e-fi. HISTORIFY, is-tor'e-fi. his-tor'e-fi, his-tor'e-fi, his-tor'e-fi. HOM'0-GE-NY, ho-mog ge-ne, ho-mod'je-ne. ho-mod'je-ne, ho-mod'je-ne. h9-mod'je-ne. hom'o-je-ne HORIZON, ho-ri'zun, ho-ri'zon, ( hg-ri'zun, I hor'e-zun. 1 ho-ri'zun, h9-ri'zun. h9-ri'zun Ho'R0-L06E, ho'ro-loje. hor'o-lodje. hor'o-lodje, hor'9-loje, hor'o-lodje. hor'9-loje HO-ROL'0-GY, ho'ro-lo-je. ho-rol'o-je. h9-rol'o-je, . h9-rol'o-je HOSPI-TAL, S.wspe-tal, os'pe-tal. hos'pe-tal, aws'pe-tal, os'p?-t^l, hos'pe-tEil. HOS'TLER, (hosier) os'Iur, os'ler. ost'ler, os'Iur, os'ler, ost'ler. HOUSE' WIFE, huz'wif. huz'wif, huz'if, huz'if. huz'wif. huz'zif. HOUSE'WIFE-RY, huz'wif-re, huz'wif-re. hiiz'if-re. hiiz'if-re, hiiz'wif-re. huz'zif-re. HOVER, hov'ur. hiiv'ur, hov'er. huv'ur, huv'er. hov'er. HUM'BLE, um'bl. um'bl. iim'bl. iim'bl. iim-'bl. hiim'bl. Htf'MOR, yu'mur. yu'mur. yum'ur, yii'mur, yu'mur. yii'mur. HUND'RED, hun'durd, ( hun'dred, I hun'durd, hiSn'dred, hun'dred. hiin'dred, hiin'dred HUS'\\T[FE, huz'zif, huz'zif, huz'if. hiiz'zif, huz'if. hiiz'zif. H^-DRO-PHo'BI-A, hi-dro-fo-be'a. hi-dro-fo'be-a, hi-dro-fo'be-51. hi-dr9-fo'be-a. hi-dr9-f6'be-a. hi-dr9-fo'bc-a. HY-ME-Ne'AL, hira-e-ne'al. hi-me-ne'al, hi-me-ne'al. hi-me-ne'ul. hi-me-ne'al, hi-me-ne'al. H2-ME-Ne'AN, him-e-ne'an, hl-me-ne'an, hi-me-ne'an, hi-me-ne'an. hi-me-ne'£in. HYP-0-€H0N'DRI-A€. 3 H?-P0T'E-NUSE, hi-pot'e-nuse. hi-pot'e-nuse. hi-pot'e-niise. hi-pot'e-niise. hi-pot'e-niise HYS'SOP, hi sup. hiz'zup, hi'sup his'sup. hiz'zup. his'sup, hi'sup hiz'zup. IG-NTT'I-BLE, ig'ne-tibl. ig-nl'te-bl. ig-ni'te-bl. ig-ni'te-bl. ig-ni'te-bl. ig-ni'te-bl. IL-LAa'UE-ATE, jl-la'kwe-ate il-la'kwe-ate. il-lak'we-ate, il-la'kwe-ate. il-la'kwe-ate, il-la'kwe-ate. IMBE-aLE, im-be-seel'. ( im-bes'sil, im-bes'sil. 1 im-bes'sil. im-bes'sil. im-bes'sjl. i im-be-seel', im-be-sil'. im-be-seel'. aheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson. 1 he-red'e-ta-ment, her-e-dit'a-ment. her-e-dit'Ei-ment, her-e-dit'si-ment, her-e-dit'a-ment, he- red'it-a-ment. 2 het-er-o-ge'nyus, h et-er-o-j5'ne-us, l)dt-e-ro-je'ne-us, het-e-ro-je' le-us, het-?-r9- je'nyus, het e-r9-j6'ne-us. 3 hip-9-k9n-dri'?k, h ip-9-kon'dre-a^, hip-9-kon'dre- ak, hip-o-kon^dr?-ak, hip-o-kon'dre-ak, hi-p9-kon'dre-ak . SYNOPSIS. XV TVehster. Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton 4- Knight. Jameson. IM-xME'DI-ATE, jm-me'dy^it. 1 ira-me'de-9it, 1 jm-me'je-at. im-me'd?-at, im-me'd?-et, im-me'dy?it. im-me'df-ate IM-PIERCE'A-BLE, im-pei'sibl, jm-peer'sa-bl, im-peer's?i-bl, ........ . jm-peer'sgi-bl IM-PORT'ANT, im-pa.r'tant. { im-p6r'tant, I jm-por't^int. 1 im-por'tiint, im-pilr'tjnt, im-p6r'tant, }m-p5r't5int. IM'PRE-€A-TO-RY. IM-PROTRI-A-TOR 2 IM-PUGN', im-pune', ira-pune', jm-pun', im-piine', im-pune'. im-pune'. IM-PU-IS'SANCE, im-pu'js-sans. ira-pu'{S-sans, im-pu-is'sans. im-pu'is-suns, im-pu'is-ssins. im-pu'is-sEins IN-AM-0-Ra'TO, in-am-Q-ra'to, in-am-9-ra'to, in-am-o-ra'to. in-am-o-ra'to. IN-CEND'I-A-RY, in-sen'dyar-e, { in-sen'de-£i-re, / in-sen'je-a-re, in-sen'de-a-re. in-sen'de-a-r?, in-sen'dya-re, in-sen'de-a-re IN-CENS'0-RY, in'sen-sur-e, in'sen-sur-e, in'sen-sur-e. in's?ns-ur-e, jn-sen'so-re. IN-€LIN'A-TO-RY, in-kll'nsi-tur-e. in-Rlin'a-tur-?, jn-kli'na-t?-!'?) . jn-klin'a-tur-e. IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE. 3 IN-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS . 4 IN-€ON'DITE, in-kon-dite', in'kon-dite, in-kon'dit. in-kon'dlte. in-kon'dite, in'kon-dite. IN-€ON-VeN'I-ENT . 6 INDECOROUS, in-de-k5'rus, { in-de-ko'rus, ( in-dek'o-rus, > in-dek'o-rus. in-dek'o-rus, ( in-dek'o-rus, I in-de-ko'rus. j in-de-k5^rus. IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE, in-dis'pu-t?-bl, ( in-dis'pu-ta-bl, i in-dis-pu'ta-bl, in-dis'pu-tfi-bl in-dis-pu'ta-bl in-dis'pu-tfi-bl, in-dis'pu-ta-bl in-dis'pu-t^-bl. IN-DI-VID'U-AL, in-d?-vid'u-g.l, ( in-de-vid'ju-aJ, ( in-de-vid'u-jl, 1 in-df-vid'u-sil, in-de-vid'u-al, in-de-vid'u-^1. in-de-vid'u-Ji1. INDOCIBLE, in-dos'i-bl, in-dos'e-bl. in-do'se-bl, in-dos'se-bl, in-dos'e-bl, in-dos'e-bl. INDOCILE, in-dos'sil, in-dos'sil, in-do'sil, in-dos'sjl. in-dos'il. in-dos'sil. IN-EX-PeD'I-ENT. 6 INTAN-TlLE, infan-tile, in'fan-tile, in'fan-til, in'fun-tile, in'f^n-tile, infan-tre. IN-Fe'€UND, in-fe-kund', in-je'nyus, in-fek'und, in-je'ne-us, in-fe-kund', in-je'ne-us, in-fek'und IN-6e'NI-0US, in-je'ne-us. in-je'nyus, All 1 CIV UliU. in-je'ne-gs. IN'GRAIN, §n-grane', en-grane'. en-grane'. en-grane'. en-grane'. ?n-grane'. IN-GRE'DI-ENT, in-gre'dzhent, in-grS'jent, in-gre'de-ent, in-gre'de-ent, in-gre'dyent, in-gre'd in-ter'po-late, in-ter'po-late. in-ter'po-late, in-ter'po-late. in-ter'po-late. in-ter'po-late. IN'TER-PO-LA-TOR , in-ter'po-la-tur, in-ter'po-la-tur, in-ter'po-la-tur. in-ter'po-la-tur. in-ter'po-la-tur in-ter'po-Ia-t'jr IN'TER-STiCE, in-ter'stis. ( in'ter-stis, I in-ter'stis, 1 in'ter-stis, in'ter-stis, in'ter-stis. in-ter'stis. IN'VA-LID, in-va-leed'. in-va-15ed'. in-va-leed'. ia-va-leed', in-v^-leed', in-va-leed' IN-VID'I-OUS, in-vidzh'uSj j in-vid'e-us, ( in-vid'je-us, in-vid'e-us. in-vid'e-us. in-vid'yus, in-vid'e-us fR-RA'TION-AL, ir-rash'9-nfil. ir-rash'o-nal, ir-rash'o-nal. ir-rash'a-nul. ir-rash'un-£il, ir-rash'o-nal ikREFRAGABLE, }r-rePfra-ga-bl, { ir-ref fra-ga-bl, ( ir-re-frag'a-bl. ir-re-frag'a-bl. ir-ref'fra-ga-bl. ir-ref'rat-goi-bl, ir-ref'fra-ga-bl IR-RE-FtJT'A-BLE, ir-re-fu'tfi-bl, 1 ir-re-fu'ta-bl, ( ir-refu-ta-bl, ' ir-re-fu'ta-bl, ir-ref 'fu-t^-bl. ir-ref y-ta-bl. ir-re-fu'tEi-bl JA€K'AL, jak'-ail, jak-kSLll', jak-ail , jak'ail, jak'aii, jak-aw. JAL'AP, jol'lup. jal'lup, jai'up, jol'lup. jai'?p, jal'lup. JONdUIL, jun-keel'. jun-kwil'. jun-kwil'. jun-kwil'. jun-kwil', jung-kwil'. JtJ'NI-OR, j66'nyur. ju'ne-ur. ju ne-ur, ju'ne-ur. ju'ne-ur. ju'ne-ur. JtJ'VE-NILE, ju've-nile. jii'v?-nil, ju've-niJ, ju've-nil. ju've-nil. ju'v^-nile. Shenaan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton §• Knight. Jameson. ! jm-prek'Hur-e, im'pre-ka-tur-e, im'pre-ka-to-re irti'pr§-kfi-tur-?, im'pre-ka-tur-e, im' pre-ka-tur-e. 2 im-pro-pr?-a'tur, im-pro-pre-a'tur, im-pro'pr?-a-tur, im-pro-pre a'tur, im-pro-pre-a'tur, im- pro-pre-a'tur. in-kom-men'su- i in -kom-men'shu- ) in-kom-men'shy- | in-kom-men'shu- i in-kom-men'shu- ) in-kom-men'su- j ra-bl, ■ 1 rj-bl. \ rsi-bl. ) r^-bl. S r^bl, i n-h\. \ 4 in-kom-m5'dyus, i 5n-kom-mo'de-us, ( in-kora-mo'je-us, in-kom-mo'de-us, in-kom-mc 'd?-us, in-kgm -mo'dyus, in-kom-m6'd?-us. 5 in-kon-ve'nyent, in-kon-ve'ne-ent, in-kon-ve'ne-ent, in-kon-ve'ne-ent, in-kon-vg'ny?nt, in-kpn-ve'ne-^nt. 6 in-eks-pe'dyent, in-eks-pe'de-ent, in-ex-p5'd?-?n , in-fks-pe'd?-ent, in-?x-pe'dyent, in-?ks-pe'de-?nt. • • M in-ter-lo-ku'tur, j in-ter-Iok'u-tur , . . . in-ter-1 5k'u-tur, in-tcr-lok'ku-tur. xid S^ raorsis. Webster. Sheridan Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton S[ Knight . Jameson. KEEL'SON, 1 keel'sun. kel'sun, [ keel'sun, ( kel'sun. I kelsun, kel'syn, keel'sun. (kel'sun) ) KIND, kyind, kyind. kind. kyind, kyind, kind. KN0WL'ED6E nol'lej) j nol'ljdzh. nol'ledje, no'lfdje, 1 nol'ledje. nol'ledje, \ nol'lej, I no'lej. 1 nbl'lfdje. La'€ON-ISM, iak'k9-nlzm. lak'ko-nizm, lak'o-nizm. lak'ko-nizm. lak'o-nizm. lak'ko-niznv LAUD'A-NUM, lod'Ei-num, lod'a-num, law'dsi-num, 16d'd9i-num, lod'^-num, lod'da-num. LAUHEL, lor'rjl, lor'ril. law'rel, lor'ril. lor'fl, lor'rei. LJi'VA, Leap, la'vai, leep. la'vai. iep. leep, leep. leep. leep. Leash, lees, leesh. leesh. leesh. leesh, leesh. LE-Ga'TOR, leg-g^-tor'. leg-gHSr', le-ga'tur. leg-g^-tor* LEGEND, le'jend, le'jend, le'jend. le'jend. le'jend, le'jend. LE6'EN-DA-P.Y, LE6'IS-La riVE, . led'jen-dEi-re, led'jis-la-tiv. lej'en-dai-re, lej'is-la-tiv. le'jen-d^-rf. le'jis-la-tiv. lej'is-la-tiv. led'jis-la-tiv. 16j'is-la-tiv, LEGISLATOR, lej'is-la-tur. led'jis-la-tur, lej-js-la'tur, led'jis-la-tur. lej'is-la-tur. le'jis-la-tur. LEG'IS-LaT'URE, lej'js-la-chur. led'jis-la-chure, , lej-is-la'tur. led'j}s-la-ture. lej'is-la-tur. le'jis-late-yur. LEISURE, le'zhilr, le'zhare, le'zhur, le'zhilr. le'zhur, le'zhur. LEP'O-RINE, le'po-rine. lep'po-rine. lep'o-rin. lep'po-rine, lep'o-rine, Iep'p9-rine. LEST, lest, leest. lest, leest. lest, lest. lest. lest. LEVER, le'vur, le'vur, le'v?r, le'vur. iS'ver, le'ver. LI-CEN'TIATE, n li-sen'shet, ll-sen'she-ate, li-sen'sh?-§it. li-sen'sh?-at. li-sen'she-ate. li-sen'Sh?-atR LIE, or LYE, le, lij le. li, li. LIEu-TEN'ANT, lif-ten'nant. ley-ten'nant, liv-ten'aint, liv-ten'nunt. 1 liv-ten'^nt, \ lu-ten'?nt. I lu-ten'sint. LOATH, or LOTH, loth'. loth, loth. loth. 15th, loth. LOOK, luk. 168k, luk. luk, 166k, l&ok. LUS'TRING, lute'string. lus'string, . lus'tring. liis'tring, lus'tring MAC'RO-eOSM, ma'kro-kozm, ma'kro-kozm, ma'kro-kozm. ma'kro-kozm, ma'kro-kozm, mak'ro-kozm. MAL'eON-TENT, mal-kon-tent'. male-kon-tent'j , mal-kon-tent'. male-kon-tent'. male-kon-tent', mal-kon-tent'. MALT., (raawl) mal. mel, mall. man. mal, mail, mel. MAM'MIL-LA-RY, m?im-mil'?-re. mam 'mil-la-re. ( m^m-mil'a-re, ( mam'rail-8i-re. mam mil-la-re. mam'il-lar-re. mam'mil-lai-r? MAN-KIND', man-kind', man-kyind'. man-kind', man-kyind', man-kyind'. man-kind'. MAN'TU-A, man'ta, man'chu-a, man'tu. man'tu -a, man'tu-a. man'tu-a. MAR-A-Na'THA, m^-ran'?-thfi, mar-a-nath'j. . mar-ft-nath'a. mar-9.-nath'a. mar-9-nath'9 MA-RAUD'ER, . ma-ro'dur, ma-ro'der. m^-raud'ur, raar-^ud'er, ma-r&.w'der MAR'I-GOLD, ma're-gold. mar 're-gold, mar'e-gold. mar'e-gold. mar'e-gold, mar'e-gold. MAR'MO-SET, mar-mo-zet'. mar-mo-zet'. mar-mo-zet'. mar'mo-zet. mar-m9-zet'. mar-mo-zet'. MAR'MOT, mEir-moot', mar-moot'. mar-mot', mar'mot. MATH'E-SIS, ma-th5'sis, ma-the'sis, ma-the'sis. m^t-the'sjs. ma-the'sis, ( ma-the'sis, ( math'e-sis. MAT mem'WoLr, ( me-mwar', me-moir'. meni'war. me-m8ir'. ( mera'war. mem'wSir. MEN-AG'ER-Y, . men-azhe-ur-e' men'shu-ra-bl. , me-na'zhje-rpj men'shu-ra-bl, men-azh-er-3' MEN'SU-RA-BLE, m5n'sbur-a-bl. men'shu-ra-bl, men'shu-ra-bl. men'su-ra-bl. MER'€AN-TILE, m6r'kan-tile, mer'kan-til, . mer'kun-til. mer'kan-til. mer'k5in-til. ME-KID'I-AN, me-ndzh'un, ( me-rid'e-an, ( iae-rid'je-?tn. > rae-rid'e-ain. me-rid'e-un. me-rid'yan, me-fWe-^in. MES'SIEURS, mes'surz. { mesh'shoorz, ( mesli-shoorz', 1 mes'seerz, mesh-shfifirz'. mesh'urz. mesh'sheerz. MET'AL-LINE, m?-tai'lin, inei I'^l-line, met'aJ-line, met'tuUine, met'ftl-lin. j rae-tal'line, I met'^l-llne. SYNOPSIS. xvu METALLURGYi, Mk'TE-OR. METONYMY. MEZ-ZO-TINT'O MI'ASM, MICH'ER, MT€E,OeOISM, MI-CROG/RA-PHY, MI€ROS€OPE, MID'VVIFE-RY, MIN'A-TO-RY, MIN'IA-TURE, MIN'UTE, MIS'CEL-LA-NY, MIS'CHIE-VOUS, MI-S06'Y-NY, Mo'BiLE, MOB'LE, ' MON'AD, MON'AS-TER-Y, MO-NOP'TOTE, MY, Slierida;c met-t^l-lur'dzhe, me-tyur, | met'o-nim-e, j niet-so-tin't9, mi'azm, micb'ur, mi'kro-kozm, mi'kro-graf-e, mi'kro-skope, inid'wif r^, mi'n?i-tur-e, miu'it-chur, min'nit, ' mis'sel-Ien-e, mis'che-vus, mi-sog'e-ne, ino'bil, mob'bl, monn^d, J mon'n^is-ter-re, mon'nop-tote, < mi, me, Walker. , met'tal-lur-jf, rae'te-ur, me'che-ur, me-ton'e-me, met'o-nim-e, met-so-tin't9, mi'aizm, mi'cliur, mi'kro-kozm, mi-krog'rfi-fe, mI'kro-sk5pe, mid'wif-rf, min'n^-tur-e, mia'e-ture, 1 min'nit, ! min'nute, mis'sel-lan-e, mis'che-vus, m?-sbd'je-ne, mo-beel', mo'bl, mon'nad, mS'nad, mon'na-stre, mon'nas-ter-e, I m6n'n9p-t5te, ! mo-nop't5te, mi, me, Perry. met'^I-ur-jf, me'te-ur, me-ton'?-m?, met-SQ-tin'td Jonei m?-tal'iii j?, me'te-ur, mf-ton'f-m?, met-so-tin'to. I^itlton Sf Knight, met'?J-lur-j?, me'tytir, m?-tSn'e-me, met-so-tin'to. mich'ur, mi'kro-kozm, ml-krog'ra-fe, mi'kro-skope, mid'wif-re, min'a-to-re, min'e-a-ture, min'ute, mis'sel-lfi-ne, ; mis'che-vus, ' mis-cheev'us, me-sod'je-ne, mo-beel', mon'ad, mich'ur, mi'kro-kozm, mi-krog'ra-fe, mi'kro-skope, mid'wif-re, min'na-tur-e, min'?-ture, min'nute, mis'sel-lEin-?, mis'che-vus, m?-sod'je-n?, m5'bl, mon'nad mon'as-ter-e, mon'na-str§. mi'ch^r. mi'kr9-kozm, mi-krog'r$i-fe, mi'kr9-skope, mid'wif-re, min'a-tur-e, min'e-ture, min'ut, mis's?l-lEin-e, mXs'che-vus, me-soj'e-ne, mon'9p-tote, m9-n6p't5te, mi, me, mg-nop'tote, mo'bl, mon'jtd. mon'js-ire, mon'^s-t?r-? mon'9p-tote^ me, mi. Jameson m?t-tal'lijr-J§ me't?-ur m?-t6n'e-me . met'9-nim-9 m€t-z9-tin'to . mi'kro-kozm mi-krog'ra-fg mi'kr9-sk'pe mid'if-re. mi'nsi-tur-e. min'e-ture. min'nute. mis'sel-len-^ mis'ch?-vus. mjs-odj'e-ne m9-beel'. mob'bl. mon'as-ter-e. mon'n9p-t6te. NArriON-AL, nSsh'un-ul, NAT'U-RAL, nat'chur-el, Na'TURE, na'chur, NE'ER, neer, NE-Go'TIA-TOR, n?-g9-sha'tur, NEP'0-TISM, ne'p9-tizrn, No'MEN-eLA-TURE. l NONE, nun, NOOSE, (nooz) nS&z, NOT'A-BLE, not't9-bl. NOTHING^ NO'VEN-A-RY, nuth'ing, n9-ven'n?r-e. nash'un-§il, nat'chu-rsil, na'chure, nare, ne-go'she-a-tur, nep'o-tizm, nun, nodse, I no't^-bl, I not'^-bl, nuth'jng. nash'un-al, nat'ur-al, na'ture, nire, n?-g6'sh?-a-tur ne'p9-tizm, niin, noose, • no'ta-bl, nuth'jng, nov'?n-si-rf, nash'un-ul, nSt'chu-rul, na'chur. nep'9-tizm, nun, no6ze, no'tsi-bl, nuth'jng, n5sh'un-al, nal'u-ral, na'ture. nep'9-tizm. nun, nooze, no'tai-bl, not'ji-bl, nuth'jng. n5sh'un-Eil. nat'u-ral. nate'yur. nare. n?-g6'she-a-ti^. nun. n86ze. no'tci-bl not'?i-bl. nuth'jng. nov'en-£i-rf OB'DU-RATE, O-Be'DI-ENCE., O-BeI'SANCE, OB'LI-GA-TO-RY, 0-BLI6E', OB-LiaUE', OB-SO-LeTE', 0€'T0-GE-NA-RY, O'DI-OUS, Oe-IL'IAD, OPH-THAL'MI€, O-PIN-lA'TRE, OP-PtJGN'ER, (op-pu'ner) OP'TA-TlVE, 0R'AN-6ER-Y, OR€HES-TRA, OR'DE-AL, OR/DI-NA-RY, 9b-du'ret, o-be'dzhens, o-be's^ns, ob"le-g^-tur'e, 9-blIdje', 9-blcedje', ob-like', 6b'so-l?t, o'dzhus, o-e'ly?d, 9f-thai'mik, 9-pin-nya'tr?, I ob'ju-rate, j I ob-du'rate, i 9-be'je-ens, o-ba'sans, ob'le-gji-tur-r?, o-blidje', 9-bleedje', 9b-like', ob's9-lete, ok-todje'e-n^L-re, o'df-ijLS, o'je-us, ?-il'yad, 9p-thal'mik, 9-pIn-y?-a.'^ter, 9p-pug'ner, 9p-pune'fr, op't^-tiv, 0-ra.wn'zher-?, ar'dyal, 1 9ir'd?-n?r-r?, ' §ir'ner-r?. 8p't?-tiv, 9p-tl'tiv, 9-r3lwn'zher-e, 9r-kes'trJi, , 6r'de-?l, ! 6r'je-^l, 6r'de-n^-re, 6rd'nai-re, 9b-du'rat, 9b-du'rft, j ob'du-rate, | ob-du'rate. ' V V ) J 9b-du'rate, S 9-be'de-ens, 9-be'd?-?ns, 9-be'dyens, o-be'de-ens. o-be'sEins, 9-ba'zuns, o-ba'sans, o-ba'sans. ob'l?-g^-to-r?, ob'le-ga-tur-e, ob'l?-gEi-tur-e, 6b'le-gsi-tur-e o-bleedje , j o-bleedje', \ ^'^^^^^^ ' 1 9-blidje.' o-blidje', ) ( 9-bleedje', ) ob-leek', 9b-like',9b-leek', 9b-like', 9b-leek'. ^b's9-let, ob'so-lete, ob's9-lete, 5b'so-lete. ok-todje'?-n?i-re, ok'to-je-nai-r?. 6'de-u3, 6'de-us, 6'dyus, 6'de-us. ale'ysid, e-il'?-ad, f-il'y^d. op-thal'mik, op-thai'mjk, op-thal'mjk 9-pin-e-a'tre 9p-pun'er, op-pune'?r. op'ta-tiv, op'tai-tiv, op't?L-tiv, bp't§i-tiv. or'|in-j?-re, 9-r3,n'zh?r-?, o-ra,wn'zh?r-?, or'gin-j?r-e. or'kes-tra, 9r-kes'tr^. or'de-£tl, 6r'de-ul, or'd^^l, or'd?-ai!. or'd?-n,-re, j 6r'de-n,-re, Sr'd,.n,r-?, U,,^.^^.,,, ( ord'n§i-r?, Srd'n^i-r?, ) Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jbnes. Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson. n5-m§n-kla'cl.ijir, n5m-?n-kla'chure, n»-men-kla'ture, no-m^n-kla'ture, nom-?n-kla'tur, nS-mfn-klate'yyr xvm Webster OE'THO-E-PY OYES, Sheridan. 6-yis', SYNOPSIS. Walker. Perry. 6r'tho-e-pe, or'tho-e-pe, 6-yis', 5-ye8', Jones. Fulton ^ Kmght. Jameson. o-yes', 6'ya. PAC-IF-I-€A'TOR, p?is-siPe-ka-tur, pas-sjf-fe-ka'tur, pas-e-fe-ka'tur, * psi-sif ?-ka-tus Pa'6EANT, padzh'ent, pad'junt, pa'jant, pad'junt, paj'^nt, j pa'j?-^nt, ( pad'jent. Pa'GEANT-RY, padzh'en-tre, pad'jun-tre, paj'?nt-re, pad'jun-tre, paj'ant-re, j pa'je-jn-tre, ( pad'jen-tre. PAN-E-6YR'I€, pan-ne-dzer'rik, pan-ne-jer'rik, pan-e-jir'ik, pan-e-jir'jkj pan-e-jir'ik, pan-e-jer'ik. PAP'IL-LA-RY, p5i-pil'ler-e, pap'il-la-re, pa-pil'la-re, pap'pil-^-re, pap'il-lar-e, pap'pil-Ji-rf. PAP'IL-LOUS, pa-pil'lus, pa-pil'lus, pa-pil'lus, p§i-pil'lus. PA-RAL'O-GISM par'ia-]?-dzhizin,par-ral'o-jizm, pa-ial'9-jizm, p^ir-ral'o-jizm, pstr-al'o-jizm, par-al'o-jizm. PaST'Y, pas'te, pas'te, pas'te, pas't?, pas'te, pas'te. PAT'ENT, pat'ent, j pat'ent, | pSt'ent, pat'tent, pat'ent, j P^t'ent, f . > I pa't?nt. PATRIOT, pa'tryut, pa'tre-ut, pa'tre-ut, pa'tre-ut, pa'tr?-ut, pa'trf-ut. PATRON, pa'trun, pa'trun, pa'trun, pa'truii, pa'trun, pa'trun. PAT'RO-NAL, pa-tro'nal, pat'ro-n^l, pat'run-al, pat'ro-nul, pat'ro-nal, psi-tro'nal. PAT'RON-ESS, pat'tro-nis, p3.'trun-es, pa'trun-?s, pa'trun-es, pa'trun-es, pa'trun-es. PAUNCH, pa.wnch, p'ansh, pansh, panel), pansh, pansh. PE-€uL'IAR, pe-ku'lyer, pe-ku'le-ur, pe-ku'le-ur, pe-ku'le-ur, pe-ku'lyar, pe-ku'le-er, PE-€uN'IA-RY, pe-ku'nyer-e. pe-ku'ne-ur-e, pe-ku'ne-^-rg, pe-ku'ne-er-e, pe-ku'nyar-e, pe-ku'ne-ai-r$. PED'ALS, pe'dels, j ped'dals, | pg/dalz, ped'dulS, ped'alz, j pS'dalz, ' y . ^ ( per-fekt'. PER-FuME', per'fume, per'fume, j per-fume', | pgr'f ilme, per'fume, perfume. t per'fume, ) PER-FUN€'TO-RY, per'funk-tur-9, per-fiink'tur-e, per-f unk'to-re, per-funk'tur-e, per-funk'tur-? PER-MIT', per'mit, per'mit, per-mit', per'mit, per'mit, per-mit'. PER'SPI-RA-BLE, per-spi'rebl, per-spi'ra-bl, p?r-spl'ra-bl, per-spi'rai-bl, per-spira-bl, per-spI'ra-bL PER'SPI-RA-TlVE, per-spl're-tiv, per-spi'r^-tiv, per-spi'ra-tiv, per-spi'r^i-tiv, p^r-spi'rsi-tiv. PER'TUR-BATE, per-tur'bate, p?r-tur'bate, per-tiir'bate, per-tur'bate, per-tur'bate, per-tur'bate. Pe'TAL, pet'al, pe'tal, pet'sil, pet'al, pS'tul, pet'ul, pet'al, pe'tal, pe'ta!. PHALANX, f a'lanks, \ f ^'lanks, f al'^nks, f a'lanks, f a'lanks, ) f a/lanks. ' ( f al'anks, f a'lanks, f al'anks, f al'^inks, ) PHAR-MA-CEU'TI€, f ar-ma-kii'tik, f ar-m^-su'tik, far-ma-su'tjk PHT'LO-MEL, fil'o-mel, fil'o-mel, fil'9-mel, fil'o-mel, fil'o-mel, fi'lo-mel. PHLEG-MAT'I€, fleg'msi-tik, fleg'raa-tik, fleg-mat'ik, fleg'ma-rtkj fleg-mat'ik, fleg'ma-tik^ PHL0-6IS'T0N flo-gis'ton Uo-jis'ton, flo-jis'tun, flo-jis'tgn, flp-jis'ton, flo-jis'tgn, ' ■ ■ ' ( flo-gis'ton, flo-gis'tun, flo-gis'ton, flo-gis'ton, flo-gis'ton. PHRE-NET'I€, fren'e-tik, fre-net'ik, fr?-net'ik, fr?-net'ik, fre-net'ik, fre-net'jk. PHYS-I-OG'NO-MY, fiz-?-6g'no-me, f izh-e-og'no-me, f iz-e-og'no-me, fiz-e-og'nQ-me, fiz-?-og'no-m?, K^^'^'°^'"°'™^ ( f iz-e-5n'9-me PHYS-I-OL'O-GY, f iz-e-Sl 9-je, fizh-e-ol'9-j?, fiz-e-ol'9-je, fiz-e-ol'9-je, fiz-e-ol'o-je, fiz-e-ol'o-je FIERCE, pers, peers, pers, peers, peers, pers, peers, pers, peers. PLa'CA-BLE, pla'kabl, pla'kai-bl, plak'a-bl, pla'kgi-bl, pla'ka-bl, pla'ka-bl. PLa'GIA-RY, pla'dzh?r-e, pla'JEi-re, pla'je-a-re, pla'dje-a-r?, pla'je-^r-e, pla'je-a-re. PLA-Tl'NA, plat'e-na, plat'?-na. PLa'TO-NIST^ plat'9-nist, plat'9nist, pla't9-nist PLe'IADS, (ple'yadz) pli'adz, ple'y^idz, ple'yadz, ple'adz, ple'y?dz, pla'y$tdz. PLe'NA-RY, plen'ner-?, i P^en'^-re, j p]gn'^-re, plen'si-re, plen'^-r?, ple'n^i-re. ( ple'na-re, ) PLEN'TE-OUS, plgn'chus, plen'che-us, plen'te-us, plen'tg-us, plen'tyus, plen'tf-us. PLTC'A-TURE, pli'ka-choor, plik'si-chure, pli'k§i-ture, plik'91-ture. ' I pwoe'nent, poe'nant, pSe'nant, pw6e'n?int, pwoe'nant, pof'njnt. (poin'ant) ) POL'Y-THE-ISM, pol-l?-the'izm, pbl'le-the-izm, pol-le-the'izm, pol'le-the-Izm, pol'?-the-izni, pol'le-th?-izra POS-SESS', puz-zes', poz-zes', p9Z-zes', p9Z-zes', poz-zes', p9Z-zes'. POS-SESS'0-RY, poz'zes-sur-e, poz'zes-sur-e, poz'zes-so-re, poz-zes'sur-e, poz'z?s-sur-e, poz'zfS-siir-?. POST'HU-MOUS, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mu3, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mus, post'hu-mus. PoS-TILL'ION, ) p5s-til'lyun, pos-til'yun, pos-tll'yun, pos-til'yun, pos-til'yun, pos-ta'ytin (pos-til'yun) ) ' ' , POTH'ER, putb'er, putfi'er, putft ft, putfi'er, puth'?r, potfi'?r. POUR poo'ur, pour, pdSr p8dr, pBr, pore, pawr, pore. fVebster PRe'FE€-TURE, PRELACY, PRELATE, PRELUDE, PReM'IER, PREM-U-Nl'RE, FRE'SaGE, PRESCIENCE, PRE-TEXT', iPRl-MOR'DI-AL, PRI'VA-CY, PRlV'A-TlVE, PRO'BA-TO-RY, PRO-CEEDS', PRO'€U-RA-CY, PRO'nLE, PROG-RESS', V. PRO'LIXi PRO-LO-CU'TOR, PRO'LOGUE, (pro'log) Sheridan. pre'fek-chur, prel'les-e, prel'let, prel'lude, prem'yer, prem'mu-ni-re, pres'sadzh, pre'shens, pre-tekst', prl-mor'dzhel, priv've-se, priv'va-tiv, pr5'b^-tur-e, prok'ku-res-f, pro-feel', prog'gris, pro-liks', prol'o-ku-tur, \ prol'lug, PRO-MUL-Ga'TOR, pr9-mul'ga-tur, PRO-NUN-CI-A'TION. 1 PRO-PI-TI-A TION, j 2 (piro-pis-e-a'shun) ) PRO-Pl"TIA-TO-RY. 3 S"V;j\Uibxfe. XIX Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton t[ Knight. Jameson. pref'fek-ture, pre-fek'ture, pref'fek-tQre, pref'ek-ture, pre'fek-ture prel'la-se, prel'a-se, prel'lai-se, prel'si-se, prel'la-se. prel'lat, prel'at, prel'let, prel'fit, prel'lat. prel'ude, prel'ude, prel'ude, prel'ude, prel'flde. preme'yer, pre'me-er, prem'yer, pre'myer, • prem&'yer. prem'mu-ni-re, prem'u-ni-re, prem'mu-ni-re, prem'u-ni-re, prem'mu-ni-re. pres'sadje, " pres'aje, j prSs'sadje, pres'aje j prgs'saje. ^ •' ' i- J ' I pre'sadje, pr^-saje', ) pre'she-ens, presh'ens, pre'she-ens, pre'she-ens, pre'she-ens. pr?-tekst', pre-tekst', j pr?-teksi', j pr^.tekst', pre-tSkst'. ' pre teKStj / I pri-mor'de-al, ) pix-mor'de-al, pri-mor'de-ul, pri-mor'de-el, pri-mor'de-jl. pri-mor'je-^1, ) jpri'v^-se, |pri,va-se, j Pri'va-se, pri'va-se, J p.j/^a-se. ( priv'a-se, ) ' ' I priv'a-se, priv'ei-se, ) priv'^-tiv, pri'vEi-tiv, prlv'a-tiv, priv'a-tiv, priv'va-tiv. prob'a-tur-e, pro'ba-to-re, prob'a-tur-e. pro-seedz', pr5'seedz. prok'u-ra-se, prok%-ra-se, prok'u-ra-se. pro'fil, pro-feel', pro-feel', pro-feel', pro-feel', pro'feel. prog-'gres, prog'res, prog'gres, prog'res, pro'gres. pro-liks', prg-liks', pro-liks', pro-liks', pro-liks'. prol-o-ku'tur, pr5-lo-ku'tur, pro-lok'ku-tur, pro-lok'u-tur, pro-lo-ku'tur. pr61'l9g, prol'og, prol'log, prol'og, pro'log. prom-ul-ga'tur, \ P^o-^vl-ga'tur, | prgm-ul-ga'tur, prom-ul-ga'tur, pro-mul-ga'tur. ( pro-mul'ga-tur, ) PRO-SO'DI-AN, pr9S-s6'dyen, pro-sod'e-an, pro-so'd?-un. pro-so'dyan, pros-o'de-an. PRO'TA-SIS, , pro-ta'sis, pro-ta'sis, pro't^-sis. PRO'TEST, n. pro-test'. pro-test', prot'est, pro-test', pro'test. pro-test', pro'test. PRO-VoST', (pro-vo'; .(pro-vo', ( prov'vust, prov'vust, pro-vo', i prov'ust, prov'vust. pro-v5', prov'vust, I prov'vust. PRO'VOST-SHIP, prov'vust-ship, prov'vust-sbip, prov'ust-ship, prov'vust-ship. PROW, pro. prou, pro, prouj prou, prou, pro. PROWESS, prou'is, prou'es, pro'js, prou'es. prou'?s. prou'es, prou'es. PTIS'AN, (tiz'an) tiz-zan') tiz-zan'. tiz'cin. tiz'zun. tiz-an', tiz-zan'. PU'IS-SANCE, pu'is-sens, j pu'is-sans, ( pu-is'sans, pu-is'sans, puis-sans, pu'is-SEins, pii'is-SEins. PUM'lCE, pa'mis. pu'mis, piim'mis, pum'is, pu'mis, pu'mis. piim'mis. PUSTULE, pus'chul, pus'chule. piis'tule, pus'chule, pus'tule, piis'tiile. PUT, put. put, put, put. put. PYG'ME-AN, pig-me'en, pe-ri'tez, pig-me'£in, ( pe-ri'tez, ( pir'e-tez, pig'me-sin, pir'e-tez, pe-ri'tez. pig-me'an. pe-ri'tez. PYRITES, 1 pe-ri'tez, pe-ri'tez, PY'RO-MAN-CY, pi'ro-m&n-se, pir'o-m5n-se, ( pe-rom'^n-se, ( pir'9-man-s?. > pir'o-man-se, pir'o-man-se, pi'ro-man-se. PYR'0-TE€H-NY, pi'ro-tek-ne, pir'o-tek-ne. pir-o-tek'n^, pir'o-tek-n?, pir'o-tek-ne, pi'ro-tek-ne. aUAL'I-FY, kwal'e-fi, kwol'e-fi. kwol'e-fi, kwol'e-fi. kwol'e-fi. kwbl'e-fi. aUALM, (quam) kwam. kwam. kwam. kwam, kwim. kwam. aUAN'DA-RY, kwon-da're. kwon-da're. kwain-da're. kwon-da're. kwon-da're. kwon-da'r?. aUAN'TI-TY, kwSn'te-te, kwon'te-te, kwon'te-te. kwon'te-te, kwon'te-te, kwon'te-te. aUAY, (ke) ka. ke, ke, ke, kS, ke. aUIN-TES'SENCE. , kwin'tis-s?ns, ( kwin'tcs-sens, ( kwin-tes's?ns, > kwint'es-sens, kwin'tes-sens, kwin'tes-sens. kwin-tes'sens QUOTE, kote, kvvote. kote, kw3te, kwote. kwote. auoTH, kotb, kwiith, kwoth. , koth, kQth, kwuth. kwoth. kwoth. aUO-TID'I-AN, ko-tldzh'en, kwo-tid'je-Ein, ko-tid'e-an, kwo-tid'f-un, kwo-tid'y^n. kwo-tid'e-an aUo'TIENT, ko'shent. kwS'shent, ko'shent, kwo'shent, kwo'shent. kwo'shent. RA'DI-ANT, ra'dzh?nt. ( ra'de-fint, ( ra'je-Eint, j ra'de-ant. ra'de-unt, ra'dyant, ra'de-|int Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton Sf Knight. Jameson. 1 prQ-nun-sha'shan, pro-niin-she-a'shun, pro-nun-se-a'shun, pro-niin-se-a'shun, pro-niin-she-a'shun, pro-niin-she-a'shun 2 pro-p?-shd.'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun, pro-pish-e-a'shun pr9-pish'?-tur-e pro-pish'e-?i-tur-e, pro-pish'f-a-tur-e, pro-pish e-ai-Pur-e, org-pish'e-^i-tur-e, pro-pish '^-j-tur-p. xi SYNOPSIS. Websitr. Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson. Ra'DI-ATE, r&'dzhate, j ^a'df-ate, j ra'd?-ate, ra'de-ate, ra'df-ate, ra'd?-at« I ra'je-ate, ) Ra'DI-US, ra'dzhua, < ra'de-us, j ra'de-us, ra'de-us, ra'df-ns, ra'de-us. < ra'j?-us, ) RAILLERY, rai'l^r-?, r&l'ler-e, ral'ler-e, ral'ler-re, ral'lgr-?, rai'ler-e. RAIS'IN, ra'zn, re'zn, ra'zin, le'zn, razn, rezn, ra'zin. RAR'I-TY, ra'rit-e, | rar'e-te, j rir'e-t?, rar'e-te, j rar'?-te, j ra're-te. ' • ■' < ra're-te, ) ' ^' /rar'e-te, ) RASE, rase, raze, rase, raze, rase, raze, rase^ raze. RASP'BER-RY. ras'ber-e, ras'ber-e, rasp'ber-e, ras'ber-e, rasTj^r-e, ras'ber-?. RAT-A-FIA, jrat-?-fe'9, j rat-a-fe'?, Uat-a-fe'?,, rat-ci-fe', rat-?-fe'a, r&t-|i-fe'a. (rat-a-fee') 1 ' *' < rat-a-f e', ) " '' '^ • RATII'ER, ratfi'er, ratfi'er, ra'ther, rath'er, rath'er, rat&'er, ra'tfier. RA-TI-0-CIN-A'TIO.V. l Ra'TION-AL, rash'un-el, rash'un-al, rash'un-al, rash'un-fil, rSsh'un-^il, rash'un-?!. RA-TION-a'LE, rash-e-o-na'le, ra-she-o-na'le RE-CEP'TA-€LE, res'sep-tekl, j res'sep tSo, tu, t66, tu, tSS, tu, t86. tbt. TOOK, tuk. t6ok, tuk. Ifik, took. t66k. TOir-PET', too-pe'. too-pet'. too-pe', too-pS', too-p5'. t09-pet'. ToURN'A-MENT, toor'n^i-ment, ( toor'nei-ment, « tur'n?-ment. toor'n?i-ment. tur'ngi-ment. t&Sr'n^i-ment, tore'ne-ment To'WARBS, prep. to'rdz. to'urdz. j to'urdz, ( to-wardz', j to'rdz, to'ardz. tafardz. TO'WARD, a. tS'werd, t5'wurd. to'ard. to'wurd. ta'^ird. TRaIT, tra, tra, trate. tra. tra, trate, tra, tra, trate. TRANS'LA-TO-RY, trans'la-tur-e. tr^ms-la'tur-e, tr^-vers'. trans-la'to-r?, trav'frs. . tranz-la'tur-e . TRAVERSE, adv. trav'ers, trav'ers. trav'ers, trav'ers. TRAY iBRSE, prep. trsi-vers', tra-vers'. trSv'frs, . trav'ers. TREB'LE, (trib'bl) treb'l, treb'bl, treb'bl. . . . treb'bl. TRIG'0-NAL, tri'gg-nel, trig'o-nal, trig'o-n?l, . trig'o-nail. TRIP'E-DAL, tri-pe'del, trip'e-dal. trip'?-dal. . . . . . . trip'e-dal. TRI'POD, trl'p9d, tri'pod, trip'od, trip'ud, tri'p9d. tri'pod. tri'pod. tri'pod. TRIS'YL-LA-BLE, tris'sil-la-bl, tris'sil-lci-bl. tris-sil'la-bl, tris'sil-l?-bl, tris'sn-la bl, tris'sil-Iai-bl. TRi'UNE, tri'une. tri-Qne', tri'une. tri'une, tri-une'. tri'une. TRUFFLE, tredifl, tr86'fl, truffl. troo'fl. trSS'fl, troo'fl. TUR'CISM, turk'izm. tiir'sizm, tiir'sizm. TURK'OIS, tur-kaze'. tur-keez'. tur-keez'. tur-kaze', tur-keez'. TUR-MOIL', tur'moil. tuWmoil, tur-moil', tur'moil, tur-moil', tur-moil'. TWID'LE, twid'l, twi'dl. twid'dl, twidl. twi'dl. TWO-PENCE, tup'puns. tup'pens. tup'pens, tup'ung. tup'ens. tup'pens. TT-PO-GRAPH'I-€AL. 2 Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton t[ Knight. Jameson. I 3h&&-p?r-er'ro-ga- | s„.per-er'ro-ga-tur tur-9, ' -e, su-per-er'o-gai- to-re, per-er'ro-gst-tur-? a tl-p9-gi-!lf ?-k?l Hp-9-graf ?-kfil, tip-9-sraf/?-k$il tip-o-gr&P?-kul, tip-9-grSP?-k?il, ti-] P9-grSPf-kal. s YJNUrSlS. XXlll Webster. Sheridan. Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton 4r Knight. Jameson. UM'BRA-TiLE, um-brat'jl, um'brHil, um'br§i-til. US'aUE-BAUGH, iis-kwe-ba', iis-kwe-ba', us-kwe-baw', us-kwe-bi', us-kwe-ba', us-kwe-biw' U-TEN'SIL, u't?n-sil, yu'ten-sa, yu-ten'sjl, yu't?n-si!, yu't?n-sil, yy-ten'sjl. VAC'IL-LAN-CY, va-sil'l?n-se, vas'sjl-liin-se. vjs-sil'lEin-s?, v3s'sjl-lan-s?, Vas'sj\-lan-Sf. VAL'ET, va-let', vol'le, val'et, V5i-let', val'et, vSl'et, vai'et, vSl'et, vol'la. VAL-U-A'TOR, vai'u-a-tur, val-u-a'tur, vai-u-a'tur. val-u-a'tur. VAN-f!f)UR'IER van-kur'yer, vase, van-koor-yeer', vaze. van-ko6're-a. VASE, Vaze, vaze. vaze. vaze, vS,z. VAULT, v§iwt, vtwlt, vSlwt, vawit, vawlt. v&wlt, vawlt. VAUNT, v&.wnt, viwnt. v^wnt, vant, va,wnt, vawnt. VE-NEER', fin-neer', ve-n6gr', ve-neer', ve-neer'. v?-neer', ve-neep VENISON, vSn'is-sun, ven'zn, ven'?-zn,ven'zn. ven'?-zn, ven'e-zn. ven'zn, ven'?-zn. VERD'URE, ver'dzhur. ver'jure, ver'dure. ver'djure, ver'dure. verd'yur. VER-MI-CEL'LI, ver-me-chel'le, ver-me-chel'l?. ver-me-selle. ver-me-chel'l?, ver-me-chel'I?3 , ver-m?-chel'lf. VERT'E-BRE, ver'te-bre, ver'te-bur, , ver-ti'go, ver'te-ber. ver'te-bur, ver'te-ber. VERT'I-GO, ver-ti'go. J ver-te'go. > ver'te-go, ver't?-go, ver-ti'g9, ver-te'g9, ver-ti'g9, ' ver'te-go, ) ver-te'g9. VIC'I-NAL, ve-si'nel, vis'e-n^l. vis'in-^1, vis'e-nul, vis'e-nal, vis-si'n?il. VIC1NE, ve-sine', vis'inb, vis'in. Vf-sine', v?-sine'. VI-O-LON-CEL'LO, vi-o-lon-chel'lo, vi-o-l9n-chel'l9. vi-9-lon-sel'l9, ve-o-lon-chei'l9. , ve-9-l9n-cheI'lo ', ve-9-l9n-stel'.9 ViR'TU, ver-t66', vir-tu'. vir'tH. ViRT'UE, ver'chu, ver'chu. vir'tu. ver'chu. ver'tu. VIZ'IER, viz'yare, viz'yeer. vxz'yer, viz-yere', viz'yer, v?-zyer',viz'yeer. VOL'UME, vbl'yum, vol'yume. vol'um. vol'yume, vol'ume, vol'yume. WAIN'S€OT, wen'skut, wen'skut, wan'skot, wen'skut, wens'k9t. wane'sknt. WaIST'€OAT, wes'kot. wast'kot. wes'kut, wast'kot, wes'k9t WAN, wan, won, won, won, won. won. WAR'RIOR, wa.r'ryur. war'yur, wir'yur. war'yur, war'?-t:r, wor r§-ar. WASP, wasp, wosp. wasp. wosp. wosp, wosp. V/AY-LaY', wa'la, wa-la', wa-la'. wa-la'. wa-la', wa'la. WERE, wer. wer, wer, wer, wer. wer. WHERE'FORE, hwer'fore, hware'fore, hwdre'fore, hware'fore, hware'fore. hware'fore. WIND, wind, wind, wind, wind. wind, wind, wind, wind, wind. wind, wmd. WOUND, w36nd, wSQnd, wound. , woond, wound. , wound, wS6nd, , w66nd, w6&nd. WRATH, r^th, roth, rath, rath. rath. rath. rawth, rath WREATH reeth, reetfi, reetfi, reeth reeth reeth, rSetfi. ya. YEA, (ya) ys, ye, y5, ya, ya, ys, YeAST, yest, yest, yeest, yest. yeest, ygst, yest. YELK, y5ke, yelk, yelk, yoke, yelk, yoke, yelk. YEO'MAN, yem'mun. yo'mfin, yo'm?n, yS'mun, yS'mjin, yo'man. YES, yis, yie, ye-s. yis, yes, yis. yes. YES'TER-DAY, yis't?r-da, yes'ter-da, yes'ter-da, ygs't?r-da, ySs't?r-da, yes'ter-da. YoLK, y5ke, yoke, yoke, y5ke. yoke ZEAL'OUS, zel'us, zel'us, zS'lus, zel'us, zSl'us, zel'«.s, zeiaus. Ze'€HIN, cli5i-k5ne', chp-kSen', ze'kjn, che-k55n', ch?-kegn', ch?4?een'. Ze'NITH, zS'njtb, ze'nith, zS'nith, ze'nitb, zs'njth, zen'njth, ze'njth. POINTED LETTERS. A has A has A has A has fi has E has T has 1 has 1 has 1 has O has the long sound of a, as in fate. the Italian sound of a, as in far. the sound of aw, as hi fall. the short sound of aw, as in what. the long sound of e, as in mete. the sound of long a, as in vein, and in there the long sound of i, as in pine. the short sound of i, as in pin. the sound of long e, as in marine. the sound of short m, as in bird. the long sound of o, as in note. O has the sound of oo, as in food. O has the sound of oo, as in good, the same as u in/vZi 6 has the sound of short u, as in do»e. tj has the long sound of «, as in tube. [J has the sound of M, as in duZZ. U has the sound of yu, as in union. € hard c, the same as k. (5 soft g, the same as j. S soft s, the same as z. OH have the French sound, the same as sh. TH have their vocal sound, as in this. ABBREVIATIONS. a. stands for adjective. Eth. stands for Ethiopic. ado. , , for adverb. Fr. for Frejich. eon. , , for connective, or conjunction. O. or Oer. „ for German. exclam. , , for exclamation, or interjection. Gr. for Greek. l.u. , , for little used. Goth. for Gothic. It. , , for name, or noun. Heb. for Hebrew. obs. , for obsolete. Ice. „ for Icelandic. prep. , for preposition. Ir. for Irish, Hiberno-Celtic, and Gaelic PP' , , for participle passive. It. ., for Italian. ppr. , , for participle of the present tense. Lat. or L. „ for Latin. pret, , , for preterit tense. Per. for Persic, or Persian pron. , , for pronoun. Part. for Portuguese. e.i. , , for verb intransitive. Russ. „ for the Russ language, or Russian. V. t. , , for verb transitive. Sam. for Samaritan. J3r. , for Arabic. Sans. „ for Sanscrit. w9nn. , , for Armoric. Sax. for Saxon, or Anglo-Saxon. Ch. , , for Chaldee. Sp. for Spanish. Gom. , , for Cornish. Sw. „ for Swedish I?an. , for Danish. Syr „ for Syriac. Z>. , for Dutch, or Belgic. Jr „ for Welsh. E«^. , for England, or English. AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY ENGLISH LANGUAGE. ABA A is the first letter of the alphabet in most of the known tv languages of the earth : in the Ethiopic, however, it is the thirteenth, and in the Runic the tenth. It is naturally the first letter, because it represents the first vocal sound naturally formed by the human organs ; being the sound uttered with a mere opening of the mouth, without con- straint, and without any effort to alter the natural posi- tion or configuration of the lips. A lias, m English, three sounds ; the long or slender, as in place, fate ; the broad, as in xcall,fall, which is short- ened in salt, ichat ; and the open, as in father, glass, which is shortened in rather, fancy. Its primitive sound was probably aw. A is also an abbreviation of the Saxon an or ane, one, used before words beginning with a con- sonant 3 as, a table, instead of an table, or one table. This is a modern change ; for, in Saxon, an was used before articulations as well as vowels ; as, an tid, a time, an gear, a year. See An. This letter serves as a prefix to many English words ; as in asleep, awake, afoot, aground, agoing. A is also used for anno, or ante ; as in amio Domini, the year of our Lord 5 anno mundi, the year of the world ; ante meridiem, before noon ; and for ai-ts, in artium ma- gister, master of arts. Among the Romans, A U C stood for anno ab urbe condita, from the building of the city, or Rome AAM, n. [Ch. ncN, or NcN.] A Dutch measm-e of liquids, equal to 288 English pints. A A-RON I€, } a. Pertaining to Aaron, or to the priest- AA-RON I-€AL, \ hood of which he was the head. AB, in English names, is an abbreviation of abbeij or ab- bot : as Abbingdon, Abbeytown. AB, a prefix to words of Latin origin, and a Latin preposi- tion, as in abscond, is the Greek a-xo, and the Eng. of, Ger. ab, D. af, Sw. Dan. af, written in ancient Latin, of. It denotes /ro7n, separating or departure. AB. The Hebsew name of/atAer. See Abba. AB. A name of one of the Jewish months. AB'A-CIST, n. ffrom abacus.'] One that casts accounts ; a calculator. A-BACK', adi. Towards the back ; on the back part •, back- ward. — In seamen's language, it signifies the situation of the sails, when pressed back against the mast by the wind. AB'A-€OT, 71. The cap of state, formerly used by English kings A-BA€'TOR, n. [L.] In laiv, one that ffeloniously drives away or steals a herd or numbers of cattle at once, in distinction from one that steals a sheep or two. AB'A-€US, 71. [L.] 1. Among the Romans, a cupboard or buffet. 2. An instrument to facilitate operations in arith- metic. — 3. In architecture, a table constituting the upper member or crowning of a column and its capital. AB'A-€US PYTH-A-GOR'I-€US. The multiplication ta- ble, invented by Pythagoras. AB'A-eUS HAR-MON'I-€US The structure and disposi- tion of the keys of a musical instrument. AB'A-€US Ma-JOR. A trough used in mines, to wash i^re in. AB'A-DA, n. A wild animal of Africa. A-BAD'DON, n. [Heb. na«.] 1. The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit. 2. The bottomless pit. Milton. A-B AFT , adv. or prep. [Sax. ceftan.] A sea-term, signify- ing in or at the hinder part of a ship, or the parts which lie towards the stern 5 opposed to afore. Relatively, it denotes /wrt/ter aft, or towards the stem. It is often con- tracted into aft. ABA ABA-GUN, n. The name of a fowl in Ethiopia A-BAI'SANCE. See Obeisance. AB-aL'IEN-ATE, (ab-ale'yen-ate) v. t. To transfer tha title of property from one to another— a term of the civil law. AB-aL-IEN-a'TION, (ab-ale-yen-a'shun) n. The trans- ferring of title to property. See Alienation. t A-BAND', V. t. To forsake. Spenser. A-BAN'DON, V. t. [Ft. abandonner.] 1. To forsake entire- ly •, as, to abandon a hopeless enterprise. Dr. Mason. 2 To renounce and forsake ; to leave with a view never to return ; to desert as lost or desperate. 3. To give up or resign without control , as when a person yields him- self, without restraint, to a propensity. 4. To resign ; to yield, relinquish, or give over entirely. t A-BAN'DON, 7?. 1 One who totally forsakes or deserts 2. A relinquishment. A-BAN'DONED, pp. 1. Wholly forsaken or deserted. 2 Given up, as to a vice ; extremely wicked. A-BANDON-ER, n. One who abandons, A-BAN'DON-ING, ppr. Forsaking or deserting wholly ; yielding one's self without restraint. A-BAN'DON-ING, n. A forsaking ; total desertion. A-BAN'DON-MENT, n. A total desertion ; a state of being forsaken. A-BAN'GA, n. The ady ; a species of palm-tree. t AB-AN-Ni"TION, n. A banishment for one or two years for manslaughter. A-BAP-TIS'TON, 7z. The perforating part of the trephine, an instrument used in trepanning. fABARE', v.t. [Sax. abarian.] To make bare; to un- cover. AB-AR-TI€-U-La'TION, n. In anatomy, that species of articulation, or structure of joints, which admits of man ifest or extensive motion. A-BAS', n. A weight in Persia. Encyc. A-BaSE', v. t. [Ft. abaisser.] To cast down ; to reduce low ; to depress 5 to humble ; to degrade ; applied to the passions, rank, office, and condition in life. A-BaSE'D, (a-baste') pp. Reduced to a low state, humbled, degraded. — In heraldry, it is used of the wings of ea- gles, when the tops are turned downwards towards the point of the shield ; or when the wings are shut. A-BaSE'MENT, n. The act of humbling or bringing low ■ also a state of degradation . A-BASH', v. t. [Heb. C'U.] To make the spirits to fail , to cast down the countenance ; to make ashamed ; to con- fuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a conscious ness of guilt, error, inferiority, &c. A-BASH'ED, (a-basht') pp. Confused with shame ; eon- founded ; put to silence : followed by at. A-BASH'ING, ppr. Putting to shame or confusion. A-BASH'MENT, n. Confusion from shame. A-BaS'ING, ppr. Humbling, depressing, bringing low. A-BAS'SIj or A-BAS'SIS, n. A silver coin of Persia, of the value of twenty cents. A-BaTA-BLE, a. That may or can be abated. A-BaTE', v. t. [Fr. abattre.l 1. To beat down ; to pull down ; to destroy in any manner ; as, to abate a nui- sance. 2. To lessen ; to diminish ; to moderate ; as, to abate a demand. 3. To lessen ; to mitigate j as, to abate pain. 4. To overthrow ; to cause to fail ; to frustrate by judicial sentence ; as, to abate a writ. 5. To deject ; to depress •, as, to abate the soul. Obs. 6. To deduct. Pope. 7. To cause to fail ; to annul. A-BaTE', v. i. 1. To decrease, or become less in strength or violence ; a>?, pain abates 2. To fail ; to be defeated See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete MOVE, BQQK, D6VE •,— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K; 6 as J , S as Z } CH as SH ; TH as in this* ABD ABE or come to naught •, as, a writ abates.— 3. In law, to en- ter into a freehold after the death of the last occupant, and before the heir or devisee takes possession. — 4. In horsemanship, to perform well a downward motion. A horse is said to abate, or take down his curvets, when, working upon curvets, he puts both his hind legs to the ground at once, and observes the same exactness in all the times. A-BaT'ED, pp. Lessened ; decreased ; destroyed ; mitigat- ed ; defeated ; remitted ; overthrown. A-BZTE'MENT, 71. 1. The act of abating ; the state of being abated. 2. A reduction, removing, or pulling down, as of a nuisance. 3. Diminution, decrease, or mitigation, as of grief or pain. 4. Deduction, smn withdrawn, as from an account. 5. Overtln-ow, failure, or defeat, as of a writ. 6. The entry of a stranger into a freehold after the death of the tenant, before the heir or devisee. — 7. In heraldry, a mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, by which its dignity is debased for some stain on the character of the wearer. A-BaT'ER, n. The person or thing that abates. A'BaT'ING, ppr. Pulling down, duninishing, defeating, remitting. A-BaT'OR, n. A person who enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. AB'A-TIS, )n. [Ft.] Rnhhish.— In fortification, piles of AB'AT-TIS, \ trees, or branches of trees sharpened, and laid with the points outward, in front of ramparts, to pre- vent assailants from mounting the walls. t AB A-TUDE, n. Any thing diminished. ABA-TURE, n. [from abate.] Grass beaten or trampled down by a stag in passing. Vict. ABB, n. [Sax. ab or ob.] Among weavers, yam for the warp. Encyc. AB'BA, n. In the Chaldee and Syriac, a father, and figu- ratively, a superior. AB'BA-CY, [Low Lat. abbatia.] The dignity, rights, and privileges of an abbot. AB-BAFI^AL, | "' belonging to an abbey. AB'BE, (ab'by) n. [fi-om abba.] In a monastic sense, the same as an abbot ; but, more generally, a title, in Catho- lic countries, without any determinate rank, office, or rights. AB'BESS, n. [from abba.] A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns. See Abbey. AB'BEY, (ab-by) n., plu. Abbeys, [from abba.] A mon- astery or society of persons, of either sex, secluded from the world, and devoted to religion. The males are called monks, and are governed by an abbot ; the females are called nuns, and are governed by an abbess. AB'BEY-LUB-BER, n. A name given to monks, in con- tempt for their idleness. AB'BOT, Ti.. [formerly abbat, from abba. Latinized abbas.] The superior or governor of an abbey or monastery. Ency. AB'BOTSHIP, n. The state of an abbot. AB-BREU-VOIR', (ab-bru-vwor') n. [Fr.] A watering-place ; among inasons, the joint between stones in a wall, to be filled with mortar. AB-BRe'VI-ATE, v. t. [It. abbreviare.] I. To shorten ; to make shorter by contracting the parts. 2. To shorten ; to abridge by the omission or defalcation of a part ; to re- duce to a smaller compass 5 as, to abbreviate a writing. — 3. In mathematics, to reduce fractions to the lowest terms. t AB-BRe'VI-ATE, n. An abridgment. Elyot. AB-BRe'VI-A-TED, pp. Shortened ; reduced in length 5 abridged. AB-BRe'VI-A-TING, ppr. Shortening ; contracting in length, or into a smaller compass. AB-BRE-VI-a'TION, 71. 1. The act of shortening or con- tracting. A letter, or a few letters, used for a word ; es. Gen. for Genesis. 3. The reduction of fractions to the lowest terms. AB-BRe'VI-A-TOR, 71. One who abridges or reduces to a smaller compass. AB-BRe'VI-A-TORS. a college of seventy-two persons in the chancery of Rome. AB-BRe'VI-A-TO-RY, a. Shortening, contracting. AB-BRe'VI-A-TURE, 71. A letter or character for shorten- ing •, an abridgment, a compend. A. B. C. The three first letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet. Also a little book for teaching the ele- ments of reading. AB'DALS, n. The name of certain fanatics in Persia. Enc. AB'DE-RlTE, n. An inhabitant of Abdera. Whitaker. AB'DI-€ANT, a. Abdicating ; renouncing. AB'DI-€ATE, v. t. [L. abdico.] l.To abandon an office or trust, without a formal resignation to those who conferred it, or without their consent ; also, to abandon a throne, without a formal surrender of the crown. Blackstone. 2. To reject ; to renounce ; to abandon as a right.— 3. In the civil law, to disclaim a son, and expel him from the family, as a father ; to disinherit during the life of the father. AB'D1-€ATE, v. i. To renounce ; to abandon ; to cast ofFj to relinquish, as a right, power, or trust. Burke. AB'DI-€A-TED, pp. Renounced ; relinquished without a formal resignation ; abandoned. AB'DI-eA-TING, ppr. Relinquishing without a formal res- ignation ; abandoning. AB-DI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of abdicating ; the aban- doning of an office or trust, without a formal surrender. 2. A casting off; rejection. *AB DI-€A-TiVE, a. Causing or implying abdication. [Lit- tle used.] AB'DI-TiVE, a. [L. abdo ] Having the power or quality of hiding. [Little used.] AB'DI-TO-RY, n. A place for secreting or pr-eserving goods. *AB'DO-MEN, or AB-Do'MEN, n. [L. perhaps abdo and omentum.] 1. The lower belly, or that part of the body which lies between the thorax and the bottom of the pel vis. — 2. In insects, the lower part of the animal, united to the corslet by a thread. AB-DOM'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to the lower belly AB-DOM'I-NAL, n. ; plu. Abdominals. In ichthyo^'igy, the abdominals are a class of fish, whose ventral fins are placed behind the pectoral, and which belong to the di- vision of bony fish. AB-DOM'I-NAL RING, or IN'GUI-NAL RING, n. An ob- long, tendinous ring in both groins. AB-DOM'I-NOUS, a. Pertaining to the abdomen ; having a large belly. AB-DuCE , V. t. [L. abduco.] To draw from ; to withdraw, or draw to a different part ; used chiefly in anatomy. ABDU'CENT, a. Drawing from, pulling back ; used of those muscles which pull back certain parts of the body, for separating, opening, or bending them. AB-DU€'TION, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of drav/ing apart, or carrying away. — 2. In surgery, a species of frac- ture, in which the broken parts recede "from each other. — 3. In logic, a kind of argumentation, called by the Greeks apagoge, in which the major is evident, but the minor is not so clear as not to require farther proof. — 4. In law, the taking and carrying away of a child, a ward, a wife, &;c., either by fraud, persuasion, or open violence. AB-DUCTOR, 71. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to withdraw, or pull back a certain part of the body. t A-BEaR', (a-bare') v. t. [Sax. abcBran.] To bear ; to be- have. Spenser. A-BEaR'ANCE, 7t. [from abear.] Behavior, demeanor. Blackstone. [Little used.] A-BE-CE-Da'RI-AN, 71. [a word formed from the first four letters of the alphabet.] One who teaches the letters of the alphabet, or a learner of the letters. A-BE-Ce'DA-RY, a. Pertaining to, or formed by the letters of the alphabet. A-BED', adv. On or in bed. A-BeLE', or a'BEL-TREE, n. An obsolete name of the white poplar. A-Be'LI-ANS, AB-E-Lo'NI-ANS, or a'BEL-ITES. In church history, a sect in Africa which arose in the reign of Arcadius. a'BEL-MOSK, n. A trivial name of a species of hibiscus, or Syrian mallow. t AB-ERR', v. i. [L. aberro.] To wander. AB-ER'RANCE, ) n. [L. aberrans.] A wandering or devi- AB-ER'RAN-CY, \ ating from the right way ; an error, mistake ; a fault, a deviation from rectitude. AB-ER'RANT, a. Wandering, straying from the right way. [Rarely used.] AB-ER-Ra'TION, n. [L. aberratio.] 1. The act of wan- dering from the right way 5 deviation from truth or moral rectitude ; deviation from a strait line. — 2. In astronomy, a small apparent motion of the fixed stars, occasioned by the progressive motion of light and the earth's annual motion in its orbit. — 3. In optics, a deviation in the rays of light, when inflected by a lens. — Crown of aberration, a luminous circle surrounding the disk of the sun, de- pending on the aberration of its rays. Cyc. AB-ER'RING, paj't. a. Wandering ; going astray. t AB-ER-RUN'€ATE, v. t. [L. averrunco.] To puU up by the roots ; to extirpate utterly. A-BET', V. t. [Sax. hetan, gebetan.] 1. To encourage by aid or countenance, but now used chiefly in a bad sense. — 2. In law, to encourage, counsel, incite, or assist in a criminal act. t ABET', n. The act of aiding in a crime A-BET'MENT, n. The act of abetting. A-BET'TED, pp. Incited, aided, encouraged to a crime. A-BET'TING, ppr. Counseling, aiding, or encouraging to a crime. A-BET'TOR, n. One who abets, or incites, aids or encourages another to commit a crime. AB-E-VA€-U-A'TION, 71. [ab and evacuation.] In medicine. a partial evacuation of morbid humors of the body, either by nature or art. A-BEY'ANCE, (a-bay'-ance) n. [Norm, abbaiaunce, or abaizance.] In expectation or contemplation of law. The * See Synopsis. 5, E, I, o, 0, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. ABL \ fee simple or inheritance of lands and tenements is in | abeijance, wben there is no person in being in whom it can vest. t AB GRE-GATE, v. t. To lead out of the flock, t AB-GRE-Ga'TION, n. A separation from the flock. AB-HOR', V. t. [L. abhorreo.] I. To hate extremely, or Tvitli contempt ; to lothe, detest, or abommate. 2. To despise or neglect. 3. To cast off or reject. AB-HOR 'RED, (ab-hord') pp. Hated extremely, detested. AB-HOR RENCE, } n. Extreme hatred, detestation, great AB-HOR REN-CY, \ aversion. AB-HOR RENT, a. 1. Hating, detesting, struck with ab- horrence. 2. Contrary, odious, inconsistent with, ex- pressive of extreme opposition. AB-HOR'RENT-LY, adv. With abhorrence. AB-HOR'RER, n. One who abhors. AB-HOR'RING, ppr. Having great aversion, detesting. As a noun, it is used in Isaiah Ixvi. for the object of hatred— " An abhorring to all flesh." A'BIB, 71. [Heb. 2H.] The first month of the Jewish ecclesi- astical year, called also JVisan. It begins at the spring equinox, and answers to the latter part of March and be- ginning of April. A-BlDE', V. i. pret. and part, abode. [Sax. bidan, abidan.] 1. To rest or dwell. 2. To stay for a short time. 3. To continue permanently, or in the same state ; to be firm and immovable. 4. To remain, to continue. A-BlDE', V. t.l. To wait for ; to be prepared for ; to await. 2. To endure or sustain. 3. To bear or endure ; to bear patifently. A-BlD'ER, n. One who dwells or continues. A-BlD'ING, ppr. Dwelling ; remaining ; continuing ; en- during ; awaiting. A-BiD'ING, n. Continuance ; fixed state ; residence ; an enduring. A-BiiyiNG-LY, adv. In a manner to continue ; perma- nently. t A-BIL'I-MENT, n. Formerly used for ability. A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. habileti.] 1. Physical power, whether bodily or mental, natural or acquired ; force of under- stand'ing ; skill in arts or science. In the plural, abilities is much used for the faculties of the mind. 2. Riches, wealth, substance. 3. Moral power, depending on the will — a metaphysical and theological sense. 4. Civil or legal power ; the power or right to do certain things. It is opposed to disability. Cyc. AB-IN-TEST'ATE, a. [L. ab and intestatus.] In the civil law, inheriting the estate of one dying without a wUl. t AB-JECT', V. t. To throw awaj-^ ; to cast out. Spenser. AB'JECT, a. [L. abjectus.] 1. Sunk to a low condition. 2. Worthless, mean, despicable, low in estimation, without hope or regard. AB'JECT, n. A person in the lowest condition, and despi- C£ll)l6* Ps* XXXV. AB-JECT'ED-NESS, n. A very low or despicable condition. [Little used.] AB-JE€'TION, n. A state of being cast away •, hence a low state ; meanness of spirit •, baseness. AB'JECT-LY, adv. In a contemptible manner ; meanly j serA'ilely. AB'JECT-NESS, n. The state of being abject ; meanness ; servility. AB-JU-Ra'TION, n, 1. The act of abjuring ; a renunciation upon oath. 2. A rejection or denial with solemnity ; a total abandonment. AB-Ju'RA-TO-RY, a. Containing abjuration. AB-JuRE', V, t.Jh. abju.ro.] 1. To renounce upon oath ; to abandon. 2. To renounce or reject with solemnity ; to reject. 3. To recant or retract. 4. To banish. [JVot used.] t AB-JtfRE', V. i. To abjure the realm. Burnet, AB-JuR'ED, (ab-jurd')>^. Renounced upon oath 5 solemn- ly recanted, t AB-JtJRE'MENT, n. Renunciation. J. Hall. AB-JuR'ER, n. One who abjures. AB-JuR'ING, ppr. Renouncing upon oath ; disclaiming with solemnity. AB-LAOTATE, v. t. [L. ablacto.] To wean from the breast. AB-LA€)-Ta'TION, n. 1. In medical authors, the weaning of a child from the breast. 2. Among ancient gardeners, a method of grafting, now called grafting by approach, or inarching. AB-LACl-UE-A'TION, n. [L. ablaqueatio.] A laying bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water. AB-La'TION, n. [L. ab and latic] A carrying away.— In medicine, the taking from the body whatever is hurtful ; evacuations in general. AB'LA-TiVE, a. [L. ablativus.] A word applied to the sixth case of nouns in the Latin language. ABLE, a. [L. habilis ; Norm, ablei.] 1. Having physicr.l power sufiicient ; having competent power or strength, bodily or mental. 2. Having strong or unusual powers of mind, or intellectual qualifications ; as, an able minister. a ABO 3. Having large or competent property 5 or simply naving property, or means. 4. Having competent sUength or fortitude. 5. Having sufiicient knowledge or skill. 6 Having competent moral power or qualifications. t A'BLE, V. t. To enable. B. Jonson. A'BLE-BOD-IED, a. Having a sound, strong body, or a body of competent strength for service. t AB'LE-GATE, v. t. [L. ablego.] To send abroad. t AB-LE-GS TION, n. The act of sending abroad. AB'LEN, or ABLET, n. A small fresh-water fish, the bleak. A BLE-NESS, n. Ability of body or mind ; force ; vigor ; capability. AB'LEP-SY, n. [Gr. a^XeiPia.] Want of sight ; blindness. A'BLER, and A'BLEST, corap. and superl. of ablei. t AB-LI-GU-Rl"TION, n. [L. abliguritio.] Prodigal ex pense on meat and drink t AB'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. abligo.] To tie up from. AB'LO-CATE, v. t. [L. abloco.] To let out : to lease. AB-LO-€a'TION, n. A letting to hire. t AB-LuDE', v. i. [L. abludo.] To be unlike : to differ Hall. AB'LU-ENT, a. [L. abluo.] Washing clean ; cleansing by water or liquids. AB'LU-ENT, n. In medicine, that which thins, purifies, or sweetens the blood. Quincy. AB-Lu'TION, n. [L. ailutio.] 1. In a general sense, the act of washing ; a cleansing or purification by water. 2. Appropriately, the washing of the body as a preparation for religious duties.— 3. In chemistry, the purification of bodies by the affusion of a proper liquor, as waver to dis- solve salts. — 4. In medicine, the washing of the body ex- ternally, as by baths ; or internally, by diluting fluids. — 5. Pope has used ablution for the water used in cleansing. 6. The cup given to the laity, without conse«ation, in popish churches. Johnson. a'BLY, adv. In an able manner ; with great ability. t AB'NE-GATE, v. t. To deny. AB-NE-Ga'TIOx"^, n. [L. abnego.] A denial ; a renuncia- tion ; self-denial. AB NE-GA-TOR, 7!. One who denies, renounces, or opposes any thing. Sandys. AB-NO-Da'TION, n. [L. abnodo.] The act of cutting away the knots of trees. AB-NORM'I-TY, n. Irregularity ; deformity. AB-NORM'OUS, a. [L. abnormis.] Irregular ; deformed. [Little used.] A-BoARD', adv. [a and board.] Within a ship, vessel, or boat. — To go aboard, lo enter a ship ; to embark To fall aboard, to strike a ship's side. A-BoARD', prep. On board ; in ; with. t A-BoD'ANCE, n. An omen. A-BqDW,pret. of abide. A-BoDE', n. 1. Stay : continuance in a place ; residence for a longer or shorter time. 2. A place of continuance ; a dwelling ; a habitation. 3. To make abode, to dwell or A-BoDE', V. t. To foreshow. ShaJc. A-BoDE', v. i. To be an omen. Dryden. A-BoDE'MENT, n. A secret anticipation of something fu- ture. Shak. A-B5D'ING, 71. Presentiment ; prognostication. AB-O-LeTE' a. [L. abolitu^.] Old ; out of use. A-BOL'ISH, v. t. [Fr. abohr.1 1. To make void ; to annul to abrogate ; applied chiefly and appropriately to estab- lished laws, contracts, rites, customs, and institutions ; as, to abolish laws by a repeal. 2. To destroy, or put an end to ; as, to abolish idols. I<>a. ii. To abolish death 2 Tim. 1. This sense is not common. A-BOL'ISH-A-BLE, a. That may be annulled, abrogated, or destroyed. A-BOL'ISHED, pp. Annulled ; repealed 5 abrogated, or de- stroyed. A-BOL'ISH-ER, w. One who abolishes. A-BOL'ISH-ING, ppr Making void ; annulling ; destroy- ing. A-BOL'ISH-MENT, n. The act of annulling ; abrogation ; destruction. Hooker. AB-0-LI"TI0N, (ab-o-lish'un) n. The act of abolishing ; or the state of being abolished ; an annulling ; abrogation 5 utter destruction. AB-O-Ll 'TION-IST, n. One who is desirous to abolish any thing. A-BOM'IN-A-BLE, a. Very hateful ; detestable ; lothe- some ; unclean. Levit. vii. A-BOM'IN-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being very odious ; hatefulness. A-BOM'IN-A-BLY, adv. l.Very odiously ; detestably ; sin- fully. — 2. In vulgar language, extremely, excessively. A-BOM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L. abomino.] To hate extremely ; to abhor ; to detest. A-BOM'IN-A-TED, pp. Hated utterly ; detested ; abhoi.-' red. A-BOMaN-A-TENG, ppr. Abhorring j hating extremely. ♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— ByLL, UNITE.— € as K j 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH asinthis. f Obsolete AJBR ABS A-BOM-IN-A'TION, n. 1. Extreme hatred ; detestation. Swift. 2. The object of detestation ; a common significa- tion in Scripture. 3. Hence, defilement, pollution, in a physical sense, or evil doctrines and practices, which are moral defilements, idols, and idolatry, are called abomina- tions. Whatever is an object of extreme hatred is called an abomination. A-BOON', prep. Above. Provincial. A-BoRD', «. [Fr.] Literalhj, arrival 5 but used for first ap- pearance, manner of accosting, or address ; but not an English word. t A-BoRD', V. t. To accost. A-Bo'RE-A, n. A species of duck. AB-O-RIG'I-NAL, a. [L. ab and origo.] First ; original ; primitive ; aboriginal people are the first inhabitants of a country. AB-O-RIG'I-NAL, n. An original, or primitive inhabitant. The first settlers in a country are called aboriginals. AB-0-Rl6'I-NES, n. plu. Aboriginals ; but not an English t A-BORSE'MENT, n. Abortion. t A-BORT', V. i. [L. aborto.] To miscarry in birth. t A-BORT', 71. An abortion. Burton. A-BOR'TION, n. [L. abortio.] 1. The act of miscarrying, or producing young before the natural time. — 2. In a. fig- urative sense, any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or any thing which fails in its progress. 3. The fetus brought forth before it is perfectly formed. A-BOR'TIVE, a. 1. Brought forth in an immature state ; failing, or coming to naught, before it is complete. 2. Failing in its effect; miscarrying; producing nothing; as, an abortive scheme. 3, Rendering abortive. 4. Per- taining to abortion. — 5. In botany, an abortive flower is one which falls without producing fruit. A-BOR'TIVE, n. That which is brought forth or born pre- maturely. [Little used.'] A-BOR'TIVE-LY, adv. Immaturely ; in an untimely man- ner. A-BOR'TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being abortive ; a fail- ing in the progress to perfection or matmlty ; a failure of producing the intended effect. A-BORT'MENT, n. An untimely birth. Bacon. A-BOUND', V. i. [L. abundo.] 1. To have or possess in great quantity ; to be copiously supplied ; followed by with or in. 2. To be in great plenty ; to be very prevalent. A-BOUND'ING, JW- Having in great plenty; being in great plenty ; being very prevalent. A-BOUND'ING, n. Increase. South. A-BOUT', prej). [Sax. abutan.] 1. Aroimd ; on the exterior part or surface. 2. Near to in place, with the sense of circularity. 3. Near to in time. 4. Near to in action, or near to the performance of some act. 5. Near to the per- son ; appended to the clothes. 6. Concerned in, engaged in, relating to, respecting. 7. In compass or circumfe- rence ; as, two yards about the trunk. A-BOUT', adv. 1. Near to in number or quantity. 2. Near to in quality or degree ; as, about as high, or as cold. 3. Here and there ; around ; in one place and another. 4. Round, or the longest way, opposed to across, or the shortest way ; as, a mile about, and half a mile across. A-BoVB', prep. [Sax. abufan.] 1. izieraZZ?/, higher in place. 2. Figuratively, superior in any respect. 3. More in number or quantity. 4. More in degree ; in a greater de- gree. 5. Beyond ; in excess. 6. Beyond ; in a state to be unattainable ; as, things above comprehension. 7. Too proud for. 8. Too elevated in mind or rank ; having too much dignity for. 9. It is often used, elliptically, for heaven, or the celestial regions. 10. In a book or writ- ing, it denotes before, or in a former place ; as, what has been said above ; supra. A-B6VE', adv. 1. Overhead ; in a higher place. 2. Before. 3. Chief in rank or power. — Above all is elliptical ; above all considerations ; chiefly ; in preference to other things. — Above board, above the board or table ; in open sight ; without trick, concealment, or deception. A-B6VE'-CI-TED. Cited before, in the preceding part of a book or writing. A-B6VE' -GROUND. Alive, not buried. A-B6VE'-MEN-TI0NED. Mentioned before. ABP. Abbreviation for Archbishop. AB'RA-CA-DAB'RA. The name of a deity worshiped by the Syrians ; a cabalistic word. AB-RaDE', v. t. [L. abrado.] To rub or wear off; to waste by friction ; used especially to express the action of sharp, corrosive medicines. AB-RID'ED, pp. Rubbed or worn off; worn ; scraped. AB-RaD'ING, ppr. Rubbing off; wearing. AB-RA-HAM'IC, a. Pertaining to Abraham. t A-BRaID', v. t. To arouse ; to awake. AB-Ra'S10N, (ab-ra'-zhun) n. The act of wearing or rub- bing off; also substance worn off bv attrition. A-BREAST', (a-bresf) adv. [from a'and breast.] Side by side, with the breasts in a line. A-BRIDGE, (a-bridj') v. t [Fr. abreger.] 1. To make shorter ; to epitomize ; to contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense in substance ; v^ed of writings. 2. To lessen ; to diminish ; as, to abridge labor. 3. To deprive; to cut off from ; followed by of; as, to abridge one of his rights. — 4. In algebra, to reduce a compound quantity or equation to its more simple expression. A-BRID6'ED, (a-bridjd') pp. Made shorter; epitomized; reduced to a smaller compass ; lessened ; deprived. A-BRIDG'ER, n. One who abridges; one who makes a compend. A-BRID6'ING, ppr. Shortening; lessening; depriving; debarring. A-BRIDG'MENT, n. I. An epitome ; a compend, or sum mary of a book. 2. Diminution ; contraction ; reduction. 3. Deprivation ; a debarring or restraint. A-BRoACH', adv. Broached ; letting out or yielding liquor, or in a posture for letting out ; as, a cask is abroach. Fig uratively used by Shakspeare for setting loose, or in a state of being diffused. t A-BRoACH', v. t. To tap ; to set abroach. A-BROAD', (a-brawd') adv. 1. At large ; widely ; not con fined to narrow limits. 2. In the open air. 3. Beyond or out of the walls of a house. 4. Beyond the bounds of a country ; in foreign countries. 5. Extensively ; before the public at large. AB'RO-GA-BLE, a. That may be abrogated. AB'RO-GATE, v. t. [L. abrogo.] To repeal ; to annul by an authoritative act ; to abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor; applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of established customs, &c. t AB'RO-GATE, a. Annulled. AB'RO-GA-TED, pp. Repealed ; annulled by an act of au thority. AB'RO-GA-TING, ppr. Repealing by authority ; making void. AB-RO- Ga'TION, n. The act of abrogating ; a repeal by authority of the legislative power. t A-BROOD', adv. In the action of brooding. t A-BROOD'ING, n. A sitting abrood. Basset. f A-BROOK', V. t. To brook, to endure. See Brook. Shak. AB-Ro'TA-NUM, n. [Gr. AjSporovov.] A species of plant, called also southern-wood. AB-RUPT', a. [L. abruptus.] 1. Literally, broken off, or broken short. 2. Steep, craggy ; applied to rocJcs, preci- pices and the like. 3. Figuratively, sudden ; without no- tice to prepare the mind for the event. 4. Unconnected • having sudden transitions from one subject to another. AB-RUPT', n. A chasm or gulf with steep sides. " Over the vast abrupt.^'' Milton. t AB-RUPT', V. t. To disturb. Brown. AB-RUP'TION, n. A sudden breaking off; a violent sep- aration of bodies. AB-RUPT'LY, adv. Suddenly ; without giving notice, or without the usual forms. AB-RUPT'NESS, n. 1. A state of being broken ; cragged- ness; steepness. 2. FigiLratively , suddenness; uncere- monious haste or vehemence. AB'SCESS, n. [L. abscessus.] An imposthume. Matter generated by the suppuration of an inflammatory tumor. AB-SCIND', V. t. [L. abscindo.] To cut off. AB'SCISS, 71. [L. abscissxLs.] In conies, a part of the diame- ter, or transverse axis of a conic section, intercepted be- tween the vertex, or some other fixed point, and a semi- ordinate. AB-SCIS"SION, (ab-sizh'un) n A cutting off, or a being cut off. — In surgery, the separation of any corrupted or useless part of the bodv, by a sharp instrument. AB-S€OND', V. i. [L. abscondo.] 1. To retire from public view, or from the place in which one resides or is ordina- rily to be found ; to withdraw, or absent one's self in a private manner ; to be concealed ; appropriately used of persons who secrete themselves to avoid a legal process. 2. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed. t AB-SCOND', V. t. To conceal. Hew^jt. AB-S€OND'ENCE, 71, Concealment. AB-S€OND'ER, 71. One who withdraws from public notice, or conceals himself. AB-S€OND'ING, ppr. Withdrawing privately from public view. AB'SENCE, 71. [L. absens.] 1. A state of being at a dis- tance in place, or not in company. 2. Want ; destitu- tion ; implying no previous presence. — 3. In law, non-ap- pearance ; a not being in court to answer. 4. Heedless- ness ; inattention to things present. AB'SENT, a. Not present ; not in company ; at such a dis- tance as to prevent communication. 2. Heedless ; inat- tentive to persons present, or to subjects of conversation in company. — 3, In familiar language, not at home ; as. the master of the house is absent. AB-SENT', V. t. To depart to such a distance as to prevent intercourse ; to retire or withdraw ; to forbear to appear in presence ; used with the reciprocal pronoun. See Synopsia. i, E, I, 6, C, f, long.— FAB., F^LL, WH^T j— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete ABS '^ t AB SENT, v.. One who is not present. AB-SEN-TEE', n. One who withdraws from his country, office, or estate ; one who removes to a distant place, or to another country. AB-SENT'ER, n. One who absents himself. AB-SENT MENT, n. A state of being absent. Barrow. AB-SINTH'1-AJV, a. Of the nature of wormwood. AB-SINTH I-A-TED, a. Impregnated with wormwood. Diet. AB-SINTH'I-UM, n. [Gr. axpivQiov.'] The common worm- wood ; a bitter plant, used as a tonic A species of Arte- misia. AB'SIS. In astronomy. See Apsis. t AB-SIST', V. i. To stand off; to leave off. ABSO-LUTE, a. [L. absolutus.] 1. Literally, in a general sense, fr«e, independent of any thing extraneous. Hence, 2. Complete in itself ; positive ; as, an absolute declara- tion. 3. Unconditional •, as, an absolute promise. 4. Ex- isting independent of any other cause ; as, God is abso- lute. 5. Unlimited by extraneous power or control ; as, an absolute government or prince. 6. Not relative ; as, absolute space. AB'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. 1. Completely, wholly. 2. With- out dependence or relation ; in a state unconnected. 3. Without restriction or limitation. 4. Without condition. 5. Positively, peremptorily. AB'SO-LUTE-NESS, 71. 1. Independence ; completeness in itself. 2. Despotic authority, or that which is subject to no extraneous restriction, or control. AB-SO-LU'TION, n. In the civil law, an acquittal or sen- tence of a judge declaring an accused person innocent. — In the canon law, a remission of sins pronounced by a priest in favor of a penitent. — imong Protestants, a sen- tence by which an excommunicated person is released from his liability to punishment. * AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, a. Absolving ; that absolves. AB-SOLV'A-TO-RY, a. Containing absolution, pardon, or release •, having power to absolve. AB-SOLVE', (ab-zolv') v. t. [L. absolvo.'\ To set free or re- lease from some obligation ; as, to absolve a person from a promise ; to absolve an offender. Hence, in the civil law, the word was used for acquit ; and in the canon law. Cor forgive, or a sentence of remission. In ordinary lan- guage" its sense is, to set free or release from an engage- ment. Formerly, good writers used the word in the sense of finish, accomplish ; as, to absolve work, in Mil- ton •, but, in tliis sense, it seems to be obsolete. AB-SOLV'ED, (ab-zolvd') pp. Released 5 acquitted 5 remit- ted ; declared innocent. AB-SOLV'ER, n. One who absolves ; also one that pro- nounces sin to be remitted. AB-SOLV'ING, ppr. Setting free from a debt, or charge ; acquitting ; remitting. AB'SO-NANT, a. Wide from the purpose ; contrary to rea- son. AB'SO-NOUS, a. [L. absonus.l Unmusical, or untunable. AB-SORB', v. t. [L. absorbeo.J 1. To drink in ; to suck up ; to imbibe, as a spunge. 2. To drink in, swallow up, or overwhelm with water, as a body in a whirlpool. 3. To waste wholly or sink in expenses ) to exhaust ; as, to ab- sorb an estate in luxury. 4. To engross or engage whol- ly ; as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth. AB-SORB- A-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being ab- sorbable. AB-SORB' A-BLE, a. That may be imbibed or swallowed. AB-SORB'ED, or AB-SORPT', pp. Imbibed ; swallowed ; wasted ; engaged ; lost in study ; wholly engrossed. AB-SORB'ENT, a. Imbibing ; swallowing. AB-SORB'ENT, n. In anatomy, a vessel which imbibes ; as the lacteals, lymphatics, and inhaling arteries. — In medi- cine, a testaceous powder, or other substance, which im- bibes the humors of the body. AB-SORB'ING, ppr. Imbibing ; engrossing ; wasting. AB-SORP'TION, n. 1. The act or process of imbibing or swallowing ; either by water which overwhelms, or by substances which drink in and retain liquids; as, the ab- sorption of a body in a whirlpool. — Q. In chemistry, the conversion of a gaseous fluid into a liquid or solid, by union with another substance. AB-SORP'TIVE, a. Having power to imbibe. AB-STaIN', v. i. [L. abstineo.'] In a general sense, to for- bear, or refrain from, voluntarily ; but used chiefly to de- note a restraint upon the passions or appetites ; to refrain from indulgence. AB-STe! MI-OUS, a. [L. abstemius.] 1. Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks. 2. Sparing in the enjoyment of animal pleasures of any kind. 3. Sparingly used, or used with temperance ; belonging to abstinence ; as, an abstemious diet ; an abstemious life. AB-STe'MI-OUS-LY, adv. Temperately ; with a sparing use of meat or drink. AB-STe'MI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being temperate or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. ABS 7. t. [L. abstergeo.] To wipe, or to cleanse by resolving obstruo AB-STER6E', (ab-sterj') v. make clean by wiping ; tions in the body. AB-STERGENT, a. Wiping ; cleansing. AB-STERG ENT, n. A medicine which frees the body from obstructions, as soap ; but the use of the word is nearly superseded by detergent, which see. AB-ST£R'SI0N, 71. [L. abstergeo, abstersus.} The act ot wiping clean ; or a cleansing by medicines which resolve obstructions. AB-STER'SIVE, a. Cleansing ; having the quality of re- moving obstructions. AB'STI-NENCE, n. [L. abstinentia.} 1 In general, the act or practice of voluntarily refraining from, or forbear- ing any action. 2. The refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal pro- pensities. It denotes a total forbearance, as in fasting, or a forbearance of the usual quantity. ABSTI-NENT, fl. Refraining from indulgence, especially in the use of food and drink. AB'STT-NENT-LY, adv. With abstinence. AB'STI-NENTS. A sect which appeared in France and Spain in the third century. t AB-STORT'ED, part. a. [L. abstortxLs.'] Forced away. AB-STRACT', v. t. [L. abstraho.] 1. To draw from, or to separate. 2. To separate ideas by the operation of the mind ; to consider one part of a complex object, or to have a partial idea of it in the mind. 3. To select or sep- arate the substance of a book or writing ; to epitomize or reduce to a summary. — 4. In chemistry, to separate, as the more volatile parts of a substance by repeated distilla tion, or at least by distillation. AB'STRACT, a. [L. abstractus.] 1. Separate •, distinct from something else. An abstract idea, in metaphysics^ is an idea separated from a complex object, or from otlier ideas which naturally accompany it, as the solidity of marble contemplated apart from its color or figure. .Ab- stract terms are those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any sub- ject in which they exist ; or abstract terms are the names of orders, genera, or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities. 2. Separate, existing in the mind only ; as, an abstract subject ; an abstract ques tion ; and hence difiicult, abstruse. AB'STRACT, n. 1. A summary, or epitome, containing the substance, a general view, or the principal heads ol a treatise or writing. 2. Formerly, an extract, or a small- er quantity, containing the essence of a larger. — In tha abstract, in a state of separation, as a subject considered in the abstract, i. e. without reference to particular per- sons or things. AB-STRA€T'ED, pp. Separated; refined; exalted; ab- struse ; absent in mind. AB-STRA€T'ED-LY, adv. In a separate state, or in con- templation only. AB-STRA€T'ED-NESS, n. The state of being abstracted. Baxter. AB-STRA€T'ER, n. One who makes an abstract, or sum- mary. AB-STRA€T'ING, ppr. Separating ; making a summary. AB-STRA€'TION, n. I. The act of separating, or state of being separated. 2. The operation of the mind when oc- cupied by abstract ideas ; as when we contemplate some particular part or property of a complex object, as separate from the rest. 3. A separation from worldly objects ; a recluse life ; as, a hermit's abstraction. 4. Absence of mind ; inattention to present objects. 5. In the process of distillation, the term is used to denote the separation of the volatile parts, which rise, come over, and are con- densed in a receiver, from those which are fixed. AB-STRA€T'IVE, a. Having the power or quality of ab- stracting. AB-STRA€T'IVE, or AB-STRAe-TI"TIOUS, a. Abstract- ed, or drawn from other substances, particularly from vegetables, without fennentation. AB'STRA€T-LY, adv. Separately ; absolutely ; in a state or manner unconnected with any thing else. AB'STRA€T-NESS, 7!. A separate state ; a state of bein^ in contemplation only, or not connected with any object t AB-STRI€T'ED, part. a. [L. abstrictus.] Unbound. t AB-STRIN6E', v. t. To unbind. t AB-STRuDE', v. t. To thrust or pull away. AB-STRtJSE', a. [L. abstrusus.] Hid ; concealed ; hence, remote from apprehension ; difiicult to be comprehended or understood ; opposed to what is obvious. AB-STRuSE'LY, adv. In a concealed manner; obscurely, in a manner not to be easily understood. AB-STRuSE'NESS, n. Obscurity of meaning ; the state 01 quality oj being difiicult to be understood. t AB-STRu'SI-TY, n. Abstruseness. Brown. t AB-SuME', v. t. [L. absumo.] To bring to an end by grad- t AB-SUMPTION, 71. Destruction. AB-SURD , a. [L. absurdus.] Opposed to manifest truth , • See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ; BIJLL, UNI TE — € as K •. 6 as J •, S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obaoletg ACA ACC inconsistent with reason, or the plain dictates of com- mon sense. An absurd man acts contrary to the clear dictates of reason or sound judgment. An a&swrd prop- osition contradicts obvious truth. An absurd practice, or opinion is repugnant to the reason or common apprehen- sion of men. It is absurd to say, six and six make ten. AB-SURD'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. Want of judgment, applied to men ; want of propriety, applied to things. Johnson. 2. That which is absurd : in this sense it has a plural ; the absxirdities of men. AB-SUHD'LY, adv. In a manner inconsistent with reason, or obvious propriety. AB-SURD'NESS, n. The same as absurdity, and less used. A-BUND'ANCE, n. [Fr. abondance.] Great plenty ; an over- flowing quantity ; ample sufficiency ; in strictness, appli- cable to quantity only ; but customarily used of number ; as, an abundance of peasants. It denotes also fullness, overflowing ; as, the abundance of the heart. Mat. xii. A-BUND'ANT, a. Plentiful ; in great quantity ; fully suf- ficient ; as, an abundant supply. — In Scripture, abound- ing ; having in great quantity ; overflowing with. A-BUND'ANT-LY, ado. Fully ; amply ; plentifully ; in a sufficient degree. tABu'SAGE, 7i. Abuse. A-BuSE', V. t. [Fr. abuser.] I, To use ill ; to maltreat ; to misuse ; to use with bad motives or to wrong pur- poses ; as, to aMise privileges. 2. To violate ; to defile by improper sexual intercourse. 3. To deceive ; to im- pose on. 4. To treat rudely, or with reproachful lan- guage ; to revile. 5. To pervert the meaning of ; to mis- apply ; as, to abuse words. A-BuSE', n. 1. Ill use ; improper treatment or employment ; application to a wrong purpose ; as, an abuse of our natu- ral powers. 2. A corrupt practice or custom ; as, the abuses of government. 3. Rude speech ; reproachfuUan- guage addressed to a person ; contumely ; reviling words. 4. Seduction. 5. Perversion of meaning ; improper use or application ; as, an abuse of words. A-BuS'ED, (a-biizd') pp. Ill-used ; used to a bad purpose ; treated with rude language ; misemployed ; perverted to bad or wrong ends ; deceived ; defiled ; violated. t A-BuSE'FUL, a. Using or practicing abuse ; abusive. A-BUS'ER, n. One who abuses ; one that deceives ; a rav- isher. A-BuS'ING, ppr. Using ill ; employing to bad purposes ; deceiving ; violating the person ; perverting. A-Bu'SION, (a-bii'-zhun) n. Abuse ; evil or corrupt usage ; reproach. [Little used.] A-Bu'SiVE, a. 1. Practicing abuse ; offering harsh words, or ill treatment. 2. Containing abuse, or that is the in- strument of abuse ; as, abusive words ; rude ; reproach- ful. A-Bu'SIVE-LY, adv. In an abusive manner ; rudely ; reproachfully. A-BtJ'SIVE-NESS, n. Ill-usage ; the quality of being abu- sive : rudeness of language, or violence to the person. A-BUT', V. i. [Fi aboutir.] To border upon ; to be con- tiguous to ; to meet ; in strictness, to adjoin to at the end. A-BUT'MENT, n. 1. The head or end ; that which unites one end of a thing to another. 2. That which abuts or borders on another. A-BUT'TAL, n. The butting or bouadary of land at the endj a head-land. Spelman. t A-BY', v. t. or i. [probably contracted from abide.] To en- dure ; to pay dearly ; to remain. Spenser. A-BYSM', (a-byzm') n. [Old Fr. •, now abime,] A gulf. ShaJi. t A-B\ S'MAL, a. Bottomless. Coles. A-BYSS', 71. [Gr. a(iv(T(Tog.] 1. A bottomless gulf; used also for a deep mass of waters, supposed by some to have en- compassed the earth before the flood. The word is also used for an immense cavern in the earth, in which God is supposed to have collected all the waters on the third day of the creation. It is used also for hell, Erebus. 2. That which is immeasurable 5 that in which any thing is lost. AB-YS-SIN'I-AN, a. Belonging to Abyssinia. AB-YS-SIN'I-ANS, n. A sect of Christians in Abyssijiia, who admit but one nature in Jesus Christ, and reject the council of Chalcedon. Encyc. A€, in Saxon, oak ; the initial syllable of names •, as, Acton, Oaktown A-€A€'A-LOT, or A€'A-LOT, n. A Mexican fowl, the Tantalus Mcxicanus, or water raven. See Acalot. A-€a'CIA, n. [L.] Egyptian thorn. — In medicine, it is a name given to the inspissated juice of the unripe fruit of the mimosa JVilotica, which is brought from Egypt in roundish masses, in bladders. A-€a'CIANS, in church history, were certain sects, so de- nominated from Acacius. Encyc. \ A€-A-DeME', n. An academy ; a society of persons. A€>-A-De'MI-AL, a. Pertaining to an academy. AC-A-De'MI-AN, n. A member of an academy ; a student in a university or college. A€-A-DEM'I€, or A€-A-DEM'I-€AL, a. Belonging to an academy, or to a college or university ; as, academic studies •, also noting wiiat belongs to the school or philos- ophy of Plato ; as, the academic sect. A€-A-DE]M'I€, n. One who belonged to the school, or ad- fl^hered to the philosophy, of Socrates and Plato; a student, A€-A-DEM'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an academical manner. A€-A-DE-Ml"CIAN, n. [Fr. academicien.] A member of an academy, or society for promoting arts and sciences ; par ticularly, a member of the French academies. A-€AD'E-MISM, n. The doctrine of the academic philoso- phy. Baxter. A-€AD*E-MIST, n. A member of an academy for promoting arts and sciences ; also an academic philosopher. A-€AD'E-MY, n. [L. academia.] Originally, it is said, a garden, grove, or villa, near Athens, where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences. 1. A school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between a university or college and a common school ; also a school for teaching a particular art, or particular sciervr^s ; as, a military academy. 2. A house, in which the stu- dents or members of an academy meet ; a place of edu- cation. 3. A society of men united for the promotion of arts and sciences in general, or of some particular art. A€'A-LOT, n. [contracted from acacalotl.] A Mexican fowl, called by some the aquatic crow. A€-A-MAe'U, n. A bird ; the Brazilian fly-catcher, or to- dus. A€-A-NA'CEOUS, a. [Gr. aKavos.] Armed with prickles. Milne. A-CANTH'A, n. [Gr ahavQa.] In botany, a prickle. — In zoology, a spine or prickly fin ; an acute process of the vertebers. A€-AN-THa'CEOUS, a. Armed with prickles, as a plant A-CAN'THA-RIS, n. In entomology, a species of cimex. A-€ANTH'INE, a. [See Acanthus.] Pertaining to the plant acanthus. A€-AN-THOP-TE-RYG'I-OUS, a. [Gr. aKavBos.] In zoolo- gy, having back fins which are hard, bony, and prickly ; a term applied to certain fishes . A-€ANTH'US, n. [Gr. aKavdoi.] 1. The plant bear's breech, or brank ursine. — ^2. In architecture, an ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus. A-€AN'TI-CONE, 7?. See Pistacite. A-€ARN'AR, n. A bright star. Bailey. A-€AT-A-LE€'TI€, n. [Gr. aKaraXriKTog.] A verse, which has the complete number of syllables. Johnson. A-€AT'A-LEP-SY, n. [Gr. a/caraX77^ta..] Impossibility of complete discovery or comprehension ; incomprehensibil- ity. Whitaker. A-€AT'E-CHI-LI, n. A Mexican bird. A CAT'ERjACATES. See Caterer and Gates. A-€AU'LINE, ) a. [L. a. priv. and caulis.] In botany, A-€AU'LOUS, \ without a stem ; having flowers resting on the ground. A€-CeDE', v. i. [L. accede] I. To agree or assent, as to a proposition, or to terms proposed by another. 2. To be- come a party, by agreeing to the terms of a treaty. A€-CeD'ING, pj)?-. Agreeing; assenting. AC-CEL'ER-ATE, 7;. i. [lu. accelero.] 1 . To cause to move faster ; to hasten ; to quicken motion ; to add to the ve- locity of a moving body. 2. To add to natural or ordinary progression ; as, to accelerate the growth of a plant. 3. To bring nearer in time ; to shorten the time between the present time and a future event. A€-CEL'ER-A-TED, pp. auickened in motion ; hastened in progress. A€-CEL'ER-A-TING, ppr. Hastening; increa?'^.g vel» city or progression. A€-CEL-ER-A'TION, n. The act of increasing velocity or progress ; the state of being quickened in motion or ac- tion. AC-CEL'ER-A-TIVE, a. Adding to velocity ; quickening progression. Reid. AC-CEL'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Acceleratmg ; quickening mo tion. tA€-CEND', V. t. [L. accendo.] To kindle ; to set on fire. A€-CEND-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed. AC-CEND I-BLE, a. Capable of being inflamed or kindled. Ure. A€-CEN'SION, 71. The act of kindling or setting on fire ; or the state of being kindled ; inflammation. Chemis- try. ACCENT, 72. [L. accentus ) 1 The modulation of the voice in reading or speaking. 2. A particular stress or force of voice upon certain syllables of words, which distinguishes them from the others. Accent is of two kinds, primary and secondary, as in as'pira'tion. 3. A mark or character used in writing to direct the stress of the voice in pronunciation. 4. A modulation of the voice Sec Synopsis, a, E, I, o, tJ, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WH-^T ;— PREY ;— PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete ACC ACC expressive of passions or sentiments. Prior. 5. Manner of speaking. Obs. Shak. — 6. Poetically, words, language, or expressions in general. Dryden. — 7. In music, a swell- ing of sounds, for the purpose of variety or expression. 8. A peculiar tone or inflection of voice. AC -CENT', v.t. To express accent ; to utter a syllable with a particular stress or modulation of the voice. — In poetry, to utter or pronounce in general. Also, to note accents by marics in writing. A€-CENT'ED, pp. Uttered with accent ; marked with ac- cent. A€-CENT'iNG, ppr. Pronouncing or marking with ac- cent. A€-CENT'U-AL, a. Pertaining to accent. AG'CENT'U-ATE, v. t. To mark or pronounce with an accent, or with accents. A€-CENT-U-A'TION, n. The act of placing accents in writing, or of pronouncing them in speaking. A€-CEPT', V. t. [L. accepto.] I. To take or receive what is offered with a consenting mind ; to receive with ap- probation or favor. 2. To regard with partiality ; to value or esteem. 3. To consent or agree to ; to receive as terms of a contract 5 as, to accept a treaty ; often follow- ed by of. 4. To understand ; to have a particular idea of; to receive in a particular sense. — 5. In commerce, to agree or promise to pay, as a bill of exchange. See ACCBPTANCE. * A€-CEPT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be received with pleas- ure ; hence, pleasing to a receiver ; gratifying. 2. Agree- able or pleasing in person. *A€-CEPT'A-BLE-NESS, or A€-CEPT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being agreeable to a receiver. *Ae-CEPT'A-BLY, adv. In a manner to please, or give satisfaction. A€-CEPT'ANCE, n. 1. A receiving with approbation or satisfaction ; favorable reception. 2. The receiving of a bill of exchange, or order, in such a manner as to bind the acceptor to make payment. 3. An agreeing to terms or proposals in commerce, by which a bargain is concluded, and the parties bound. 4. An agreeing to the act or con- tract of another, by some act which binds the person in law. — 5. In mercantile language, a bill of exchange ac- cepted ; as, a merchant receives another's acceptance in payment. 6. Formerly, the sense in which a word is understood. Obs. A€-CEP-Ta'TION, n. 1. Kind reception ; a receiving with favor or approbation. 2. A state of being acceptable ; favorable regard. 3. The meaning or sense in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received. 4. Reception in general. Obs. A€-CEPT'ED, pp. Kindly received ; regarded ; agreed to ; understood ; received as a bill of exchange. A€-CEPT'ER, or A€-CEPT'OR, n. A person who accepts. t A€-CEP-TI-La'TION, n. The remission of a debt by an ac- quittance from the creditor. Cotgrave. A€-CEPT'rNG, ppr. Receiving favorably ; agreeing to ; understanding. t A€-CEP'TION, n. The received sense of a word. f A€-CEPT'IVE, a. Ready to accept. B. Jonson. A€-CESS', n. [L. accessus.^ 1. A coming to ; near ap- proach ; admittance ; admission ; as, to gain access to a prince. 2. Approach, or the way by which a thing may be approached ; as, the access is by a neck of land. 3. Means of approach ; liberty to approach ; implying pre- vious obstacles. 4. Admission to sexual intercourse. 5. Addition ; increase by something added •, as, an access of territory. 6. The return of a fit or paroxysm of disease. A€'CES-SA-RI-LY. See Accessorily. A€'CES-SA-RT-NESS. See Accessoriness A€'CES-SA-RY. See Accessory. A€-CES-SI-BTL't-TY, n. The quality of being approacha- ble, or of admitting access. A€-CESS I-BLE, a. 1. That may be approached or reached. 2. Easy of approach ; affable. A€-CESS'ION, n. [L. accessio.] 1. A coming to ; an acced- ing to and joining. 2 Increase by something added ; that which is added ; augmentation. — 3. In law, a mode of acquiring property. 4. The act of arriving at a throne, an office, or dignity, f That which is added. 6. The invasion of a fit of a r ^riodical disease, or fever. AG-CESS'ION-AL, a. Additional. A€-CES-S5'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an accessory ; as, ac- cessorial agency, accessorial guilt. Burros Trial. A€'CES-SO-Rr-LY, adv. In the manner of an accessory ; by subordinate means. A€'CES-SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being accessory. A€'CES-SO-RY, a. [L. accessorius.] 1. Acceding ; contrib- uting ; aiding in producing some effect, or acting in subordination to the principal agent. Usually in a bad sense. 2. Aiding in certain acts or effects in a seconda- ry manner ; as, accessory sounds in music. A€'CES-SO-RY, n. 1. In laic, one who is guilty of a felony, not by committing the offense in person, or as principal, but by advising or commanding another to commit the crime, or by cf nceallng the offender. 2. That which ac- cedes or belongs to something else, as its principal. A€'CI-DENCE, 71. [See Accident.] A small book, contain ing the rudiments of grammar. A€'CI-DENT, n. [L. accidens.] 1. A coming or falling ; an event that takes place without one's foresight or ex- pectation ; an event which proceeds from an unknown cause, or "is an unusual effect of a known cause, and therefore not expected ; chance ; casualty ; contingency. 2. That which takes place or begins to exist without an efficient intelligent cause, and without design. Dwighi. — 3. In logic, a property or quality of a being which ia not essential to it, as whiteness in paper. — 4. In grammar, something belonging to a word but not essential to it, as gender.— 5. In heraldry, a point or mark, not essential to a coat of arms. AC-CI-DENT'AL, a. 3. Happening by chance, or rather un- expectedly ; casual ; fortuitous ; taking place not accord- ing to the usual course of things ; opposed to that which is constant, regular, or intended ; as, an accidental visit. 2. Non-essential ; not necessarily belonging to ; as, songs are accidental to a play. A€-CI-DENT'AL-LY, adv. By chance ; casually ; fortui- tously ; not essentially. A€-CI-DENT AL-NESS, n. The quality of being casual. \ Little used.'] t A€-CI-DEN'TIA-RY, a. Pertaining to the accidence t A€-CIP'I-ENT, n. A receiver. A€-CIP'I-TER, n. [L. ad and capio.} 1. A name given to a fish, the milvus or lucerna. — 2. In ornithology, the name of the order of rapacious fowls. A€-CIP'I-TRINE, a. Seizing ; rapacious ; as the accipi- trme order of fowls. Ed. Encyc. t A€-ClTE', V. t. [L. ad and cito.} To call ; to cite ; to summon. A€-€LaIM', v. t. [L. acclamo.] To applaud. [Little used.] Hall A€-€LaIM', n. A shout of joy ; acclamation. t A€'eLA-MATE, v. t. To applaud. A€-€LA-MA'TI0N, n. [L. acclamatio.] A shout of ap- plause, uttered by a multitude. A€-€LAM'A-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy or applause by shouts, or clapping of hands. A€-€Ll'MA-TED, a. [ac for ad, and climate.] Habituated to a foreign climate, or a climate not native. Med. Repos itory. t A€-€LTVE', a. Rising. Aubrey. A€-€LIV'ITY, n. [L. acclivus, accli^ois.] A slope, or incli- nation of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as as- cending, in opposition to declivity, or a side descending. Rising ground ; ascent 5 the talus of a rampart. A€-€LI VOUS, a. Rising, as a hill, with a slope. t Ae-€LOY , V. t. To fill ; to stuff"; to fill to satiety. A€-€OIL'. See Coil. A€'€0-LA, n. A delicate fish eaten at Malta. A€-CO-LaDH , 71. [L. ad and collum.] A ceremony former- ly used in conferring knighthood. A€'€0-LENT, n. One who inhabits near a place ; a bor- derer. A€-COM'MO-DA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be fitted, made suitable, or made to agree. [Little used.] A€-€OM'MO-DATE, v. t. [L. accommodo.] 1. To fit, adapt, or make suitable ; as, to accommodate ourselves to circum- stances. Paley. 2. To supply with or furnish ; followed by with. 3. To supply with conveniences ; as, to accom- modate a friend. 4. To reconcile things which are at va- riance ; to adjust. 5. To show fitness or agreement ; to apply. 6. To lend — a commercial sense. In an intran- sitive sense, to agree, to be conformable to, as used by Boyle. Obs. A€-€OM'MO-DATE, a. Suitable ; fit ; adapted ; as, meana accommodate to the end» Ray. A€-€OM'MO-DA-TED, pp. Fitted ; adjusted ; applied ; al so, furnished with conveniences. A€-COM'MO-DATE-LY, adv. Suitably ; fitly. A€-€OM'MO-DATE-NESS, n. Fitness. [Little used.] A€-€OM'MO-DA-TING,ppr. Adapting; making suitable reconciling ; furnishing with conveniences ; applying. A€-€OM'MO-DA-TING, a. Adapting one's self to ; oblig- ing ; disposed to comply, and to oblige another. A€-€OM-MO-Da'TION, n. 1. Fitness; adaptation; fol lowed by to. 2. Adjustment of difl^erences ; reconcilia tion, as of parties in dispute. 3. Provision of conven iences. 4. In the plural ; conveniences ; things furnish- ed for use ; chiefly applied to lodgings. — 5. In mercantile language, accommodation is used for a loan of money. In England, accommodation bill is one given instead of a loan of money. Crabbe. 6. It is also used of a note lent merely to accommodate the borrower. — 7. In theology, accommodation is the application of one thing to another by analogy, as of the words of a prophecy to a future event. Paley. A€-€OM'MO-i)A-TOR, n. One that accommodates ; one that adjusts. • See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete ACC 'i A€-€6M'PA-NA-BLE, a. Sociable. A€-€6M'FA NTED, pp. Attended 5 joined with in society. A€-€OM'PAi\'J ER, n. He who accompanies. A€-eoM'PA-JMl-MENT, 71, {Yt. accompagnement.] Some- thing that attends as a circumstance, or which is added by way of ornament to the principal thing, or for the sake of symmetry. A€-€6M'PA-NIST, n. The performer in music, who takes the accompanying part. Busby. A€-€6M'PA-NY, v. t. [Fr. accompagner.] 1. To go with, or attend, as a companion. 2. To be with as connected ; to attend. A€-€6M'PA-NY, ti. i. 1. To attend; to be an associate; [oOs.] Bacon. 2. To cohabit. — 3. In music, to perform the accompanjdng part in a composition. A€-€6M'PA-NY-ING, ppr. Attending; going with as a companion. Ae-€OM'PLiCE, 71 [Fr. complice.'] An associate in a crime ; a partner or partaker in guilt. It was formerly used in a good sense for a co-operator, but this sense is wholly obsolete. Ae-€OM'PLISH, V. t.JYx. accomplir.] 1. To complete ; to finish entirely. 2. To execute. 3. To gain ; to obtain or effect by successful exertions. 4. To fulfill or bring to pass ; as, to accomplish a prophecy. 5. To furnish with qualities which serve to render the mind or body complete. Ae-€OM'PLISHED, pp. 1. Finished ; completed ; fulfilled ; executed ; effected. 2. a. Well endowed with good qual- ities and manners ; complete in acquirements ; having a finished education. 3 Fashionable. Swift. A€-€OM'PLISH-ER, n. One who accomplishes. A€-€OM'PLISH-ING, ppr. Finishing ; completing ; fulfill- ing ; executing ; effecting ; furnishing with valuable qua.'ities. AC-eOM'PLISH-MENT, n. 1. Completion ; fulfillment ; entire performance ; as of a prophecy. 2. The act of car- rying into effect, or obtaining an object designed ; attain- ment. 3. Acquirement; that which constitutes excel- lence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by edu- cation. t A€-€01VIPT'. See Account. t A€-€OMPT'ANT. See Accountant. A€-eORD', 71. [Fr. accord.] 1. Agreement; harmony of minds ; consent or concurrence of opinions or wills. 2. Concert ; harmony of sounds ; the union of different sounds, which is agreeable to the ear ; agreement in pitch and tone. 3. Agreement ; just correspondence of things. 4. Will ; voluntary or spontaneous motion ; used of the will of persons, or the natural motion of other bodies, and preceded by own. 5. Adjustment of a difference ; reconciliation. — 6. In law, an, agreement between parties in controversy. 7. Permission, leave. ACCORD', V. t. 1. To make to agree, or correspond ; to adjust one thing to another. Sidney. 2. To bring to an agreement ; to settle, adjust, or compose. Hall. AC-CORD', V. i. 1. To agree ; to be in correspondence. 2. To agree in pitch and tone. AC-CORD'A-BLE, a. Agreeable ; consonant. AC-CORD'ANCE, n. Agreement with a person ; conformity with a thing. AC-CORD'ANT, a. Corresponding ; consonant ; agreeable. AC-CORD'ANT-LY, adv. In an accordant manner. AC-CORD'ED, pp. Made to agree ; adjusted. AC-CORD'ER, n. One that aids, or favors. AC-CORD'ING, ppr. (commonly, though not correctly, classed among prepositions.) 1. Agreeing; harmonizing. 2. Suitable ; agreeable ; in accordance with. In these senses, the word agrees with or refers to a sentence. — Our zeal should be according to knowledge : — According, here, has its true participial sense, agreeing, and is al- ways followed by to. It is never a preposition. AC-CORD'ING-LY, adv. Agreeably ; suitably ; in a man- ner conformable to. f AC-CORP'O-RATE, v. t. To unite. Milton. AG-COST', V. t. [Fr. accoster.] .1- To approach ; to draw near ; to ccme side by side, or face to face ; [not in use.] 2. To speak first to ; to address. Milton. tAC-COST', 7J. i. To adjoin. Spenser. AC-COST' A-BLE, a. Easy of access ; familiar. AC-COST'ED,pp. Addressed; first spoken to.— In herald- ry, being side by side. AC-COST'ING, ppr. Addressing by first speaking to. A.C-COU-CHEUR', (ak-koo-shure', or ak-koo-shaur') n. [Fr.] A man who assists women in childbirth. AC COUNT', 71. [Fr. conte. Formerly, writers used ac- compt, from the Fr. compte.] 1. A sum stated on paper ; a registry of a debt or credit, of debts and credits, or charge} ; an entry in a book or on paper of things bought or sold, of payments, services, &c., including the names of the parties to the transaction, date, and price or value of th( thing. 2. A computation of debts and credits, or a general statement of particular sums. 3. A computation or -node of reckoning ; applied to other things than mon- ey or trade ; as, the Julian account of time. 4. Narra«^ive ; ACC relation ; statement of facts ; recital of particular transac- tions and events, verbal or written ; as, an account of the revolution in France. Hence, 5. An assignment of rea- sons ; explanation by a recital of particular transactions. 6. Reason or consideration, as a motive ; as, on all ac- counts. 7. Value; importance; estimation. 8. Profit; advantage ; that is, a result or production worthy of esti- mation. 9. Regard; behalf; sake; — a sense deduced from charges on book ; as, on account of public affairs. AC-COUNT', V. t. 1. To deem, judge, consider, think, or hold in opinion. — 2. To account of; to hold in esteem ; to value. 3. To reckon, or compute ; to assign as a debt. These uses are antiquated. AC-COUNT', V. i. 1. To render an account or relation of particulars. 2. To give reasons ; to assign the causes ; to explain ; with for. 3. To render reasons ; to answer for in a responsible character. AC-COUNT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. I. The state of being liable to answer for one's conduct. R.Hall. 2. Liability to the pay ment of money or of damages ; responsibility for a trust. AC-COUNT'A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to be called to account ; answerable to a superior. 2. Subject to pay, or make good, in case of loss. AC-COUNT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to answer or to give account ; the state of being answerable. AC-COUNT' ANT, 71. One skilled in mercantile accounts , more generally, a person who keeps accounts. AC-COUNT'-BOOK, n. A book in which accounts are kept. Swift. AC-COUNT'ED, pp. Esteemed ; deemed ; considered ; re- garded ; valued. — Accounted for ; explained. AC-COUNT'ING, ppr. Deeming ; esteeming ; reckoning ; rendering an account. — Accounting for ; rendering an ac- count. AC-COUNT'ING, n. The act of reckoning or adjusting ac- counts. AC-COUP'LE, (ak-kup'pl) v. t. To couple ; to join or link together. See Couple. AC-COUP'LE-MENT, (ak-kup'pl-ment) n. A coupling; a connecting in pairs ; junction. [Little used.] t AC-C0UR'A6E, (ak-kur'aje) v. t. To encourage. Spenser. f AC-CoURT', V. t. To entertain with courtesy. Spenser. AC-COU'TRE, I ,. tr^«;t«.^ S ^- *• [Fr. accoutrer.] In a AC-C5U'TER, \ (.^K-^f'O lerj y general sense, to dress ; to equip ; but appropriately, to array in a military dress ; to put on, or to furnish with a military dress and arms ; to equip the body for military service. AC-C6U'TREDj,pp. Dressed in arms ; equipped. AC-COU'TRING, ppr. Equipping with military habili ments. AC-COU'TRE-MENTS, (ak-koo'ter-ments) n. plu. 1. Dress equipage ; furniture for the body ; appropriately, military dress and arms ; equipage for military service. — 2. In common usage, an old or unusual dress. t AC-COY', 7). i. [Old Fr. accoistV. Todd.] To render quiet or diflSdent ; to soothe ; to caress. Spenser. AC-CRED'IT, V. t. [Fr. accredlter.] To give credit, author- ity, or reputation. AC-CRED-I-Ta'TION, n. That which gives title to credit. [Little used.] AC-CRED'IT-ED, pp. Allowed ; received with reputation ; authorized in a public character. Christ. Obs. AC-CRED'IT-ING, ppr. Giving authority or reputation. AC-CRES'CENT, a. Increasing. Shuckford. AC-CRe'TION, 71. [L. accretio.] A growing to; an in- crease^by natural growth. AC-CRE'TIVE, a. Increasing by growth ; growing ; adding to by growth. t AC-CRIM-I-Na'TION, 71. Accusation ; reproach. AC-CRoACH', V. i. [Fr. accrocher.] 1. To hook, or draw to as with a hook ; [obs.] 2. To encroach ; to draw away from another. — The noun accroachment, an encroach- ment,_is rarely or never used. See Encroach. AC-CRuE', (ak-kru') v. i. [Fr. accrottre, accru.] Literally, to grow to ; hence, to arise, proceed, or come ; to be added, as increase, profit or damage ; as, a profit accrues to gov- ernment from the coinage of copper ; a loss accrues from the coinage of gold and silver. jAC-CRuE', (ak-kru') n. Something that accedes to, or follows the property of another. AC-CRu'ING, ppr. Growing to ; arising ; coming ; being added. AC-CRU'MENT, 71. Addition ; increase. AC-CU-Ba'TION, 71. [L. accubatio.] A lying or reclining on a couch, as the ancients at their meals. t AC-CUMB', V. i. [L. accumbo.] To recline as at table. AC-CUM'BEN-CY, 7! . State of being accumbent or reclining. AC-CUM'BENT, a. [L. accumbens.] Leaning or reclining, as the ancients at their meals. t AC-CUM'BENT, n. One who is placed at a dinner-table. AC-CU'MU-LATE, v. t. [L. accumulo.] 1. To heap up; to pile^ to amass. 2. To collect or bring together. AC-Cu'MU-LATE, v. i. To grow to a great size, number^ or quantity ; to increase greatly. • Set Synapsis. A, g, I, o, ©, "?, long.— FS.R, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ,— HN, MARINE, BiRD :— t Obsolete ACE ACI Ae-€(J'MU-LATE, a. Collected into a mass or quantity. A€-€0'MU-LA-TED, pp. Collected into a heap or great quamity. A€-€U'MU-LA-TLNGj ppr Heaping up j amassing; in- creasing greatly. A€-€U-iMU-LA'TION, n. The act of accumulating ; the scale of being accumulated ; an amassing ; a coUectmg to- gether. A€-€U'MU-LA-TIVE, a. That accumulates ; heaping up ; accumulating. AC-Cu'MU-LA-TOR, n. One that accumiUates, gathers or amasses. A€'eU-RA-CY, n. [L. accuratio.] 1. Exactness ; exact con- formity to truth, or to a nUe or model ; freedom from mistake ; nicety ; correctness ; precision which results from care. 2. Closeness ; tightness. A€'€tJ-RATE, a. [L, accuratus.] 1. In exact conformity to truth, or to a standard or rule, or to a model •, free from failure, error, or defect. 2. Determinate ; precisely fixed. 3. Close ; perfectly tight. ACeU-RATE-LY, adv. 1. Exactly •, in an accurate man- ner ; with precision ; without error or defect. 2. Close- ly ; so as to be perfectly tight. Comstock. A€'€U-RATE-NESS, n. Accuracy ; exactness ; nicety ;, precision. AC-CURSE', ^ak-kurs') v. t. [ac for ad, and curse.'\ To de- vote to destruction ; to imprecate misery or evil upon. {Rarely used.] See Curse. A€-€URSiEI), pp. or a. 1. Doomed to destruction or mise- ry. 2. Separated from the faithful ; CEist out of the chiirch ; excommunicated. 3. Worthy of the curse ; de- testable ; execrable. 4. Wicked ; malignant in the ex- treme. AC-Cu'SA-BLE, a. That may be accused ; chargeable with a crime ; blamable ; liable to censure ; followed by :. Set free, or judicially discharged from an accusation ; released from a debt, duty, obligation, charge, or suspicion of guilt. AC-Q. JIT'TING, ppr. Setting free from accusation ; releas- ing from a charge, obLigation, or suspicion of guilt. t A-€RaSE', or t A-€RaZE', v. t. 1. To make crazy ; to infatuate. 2. To impair ; to destroy. ACRA-SY, ?(. [Gr. uKpaaia.] In medical authors, an excess or predominancy of one quality above another, in mix- ture, or in the human constitution. Bailey. a'CRE, (a'ker) n. [&a.x. acer, acera, or tscer.] A quantity of land, containing 160 square rods or perches, or 4840 square yards. a'CRED, (a'kerd) a. Possessing acres or landed property. Pope. ACRID, a. [Fr. acre ; L. acer.] Sharp ; pungent ; bitter ; sharp or biting to the taste ; acrimonious. ACRID-NESS, 71. A sharp, bitter, pungent quality. AC-RI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Sharp ; bitter ; coiTosive ; abound- ing with acrimony. 2. Figuratively, severe ; sarcastic ; applied to language or temper. AC-RI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With sharpness or bitter- ness. ACRI-MO-NY, 77. [1,. acrimonia.] 1. Sharpness ; a quality of bodies which corrodes, dissolves, or destroys others. 2. Figuratively, sharpness or severity of temper ; bitter ness of expression proceeding from anger, ill-nature, 01 petulance. ACRI-SY, n. [Gr. a and Kpiai?.] A state or condition of which no right judgment can be formed ; that of which no choice is made ; matter in dispute ; injudiciousness \Little used.] Bailey. ACRI-TUDE, n. [See Acrid.] An acrid quality ; bitterness to the taste ; biting heat. See Synapsis. ^, E, T, 5, tr, Y, long.—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete ACT 11 f A€'RI-TY, 71. Sharpness •, eagerness. A€-RO-A-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. aKpoafiaTiKos.] Abstruse ; per- taining to deep learning. A€-RO-AT'I€, a. [Gr. aKpoariKos.] Abstruse ; pertaining to deep learning ; and opposed to exoteric. A€-R0-CE-RAU'N1-AN, a. [Gr. aKpa and Kepavvus.] An epithet applied to certain mountains, between Epirxis and Illyricum. A-€Ro MI-ON, n. [Gr. aKpos and w/zoj.] In anatomy, the upper part of the spine of the scapula. A-€RON'ie, I a. [Gr. a/cpoj and vu|.] In astronomy, a A-€ROjN' 'I-€AL, \ term applied to the rising of a star at sunset, or its setting at sunrise. A-€R0N'I-€A1.-LY, adv. In an acronical manner; at the rising or setting of the sun. A€'RO-SPIRE, n. [Gr. aKpos and aneipa.] A shoot or sprout of a seed. Mortimer. A€'RO-SPIRED, a. Having a sprout, or having sprouted at both ends. Mortimer. A-€ROSS', jyrep. 1. From side to side, opposed to along, which is in the direction of the length ; athwart ; quite over 5 as, a bridge is laid across a river. 2. Intersect- ing ; passing over at any angle ; as, a line passing across another. A-€ROS'TI€, 7*. [Gr. aKpa and aTi^og.] A composition in verse, in which the first letters of the lines, taken in or- der, form the name of a person, kingdom, city, &c. A-€ROS'TI€, a. That relates to, or contains an acrostic. A-€ROS'TI€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an acrostic. A€-R0-TE-LEU'TI€, n. [Gr. aKpos and reXevrr].-] Among ecclesiastical writers, an appellation given to any thing added to the end of a psalm, or hymn. A€'RO-TER. n. [Gr. aKporrjp.] In architecture, a small pedestal, usually without a base. A€-RO-THYM'I-ON, n. [Gr. aKpos and Bvixos.] Among pJiij- sicians, a species of wart, with a narrow basis and broad top, having the color of thyme. It is called thymus. A€T, V. i. [Gr. ayo), L. ago.] 1. To exert power ; as, the stomach acts upon food. 2. To be in action or motion ; to move. 3. To behave, demean, or conduct, as in morals, private duties, or public offices. — To act up t--^^ is to equal in action ; to fulfil, or perform a correspondent action. A€T, V. t. 1. To perform ; to represent a character on the stage. 2. To feign or counterfeit. [Improper.'] Dryden. 3. To put in motion 5 to actuate ; to regulate movements. [Obs.] Locke. A€T, n. 1. The exertion of power ; the effect, of which power exerted is the cause. 2. That whicn is done ; a deed, exploit, or achievement, whether good or ill. 3. Action •, performance •, production of effects 5 as, an act of charity. 4. A state of reality or real existence, as op- posed to a possibility. 5. In general, act denotes action completed ; but, preceded by in, it denotes incomplete ac- tion. 6. A part or division of a play, to be performed with- out interruption ■, after which the action is suspended to give respite to the performers. 7. The result of public deliberation, or the decision of a prince, legislative bodv, council, court of justice, or magistrate ; a decree, edict, law, judgment, resolve, award, determination ; as, an act of parliament. — Act, in English universities, is a thesis maintained in public, by a candidate for a degree. — jlct of faith, auto da fe, in Catholic countries, is a solemn day held by the Inquisition, for the punishment of here- tics. AeT'ED, pp. Done ; performed ; represented on the stage. A€'T1-AN, a. Relating to Actium. A€T'ING, ppr. Doing ; performing ; behaving ; represent- ing the character of another. AGT'ING, n. Action ; act of performing a part of a play. A€-TIN'0-LTTE, n. [Gr. uktiv and \iOos.] A mineral, strahlstcin, nearly alfied to hornblend. Ae-TlN-0-LIT'I€, a. Like or pertaining to actinolite. ACTION, n. [L, actio.] 1. Literally, a driving 5 hence, the state of acting or moving ; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another. 2. An act or thing done ; a deed. — 3. In vicchanics, agency; operation; driving impulse ; effort of one body upon another.— 4. In ethics, the external signs or expression of the sentiments of a moral agent; conduct; behavibr ; demeanor.— 5. In poe- try, a series of events, called also the subject or fable.— Q. In oratory, gesture or gesticulation ; the external deport- ment of the speaker.— 7. In physiolosv, the motions or nctions of the body, vital, animal, and natural.— 8. In law^ a suit or process, by which a demand is made of a right ; a claim made before a tribunal. 9. In some coun- tries of Europe, action is a share in the capital stock of a company, or m the public funds, equivalent to our term share ,• and consequently, in a more general sense, to stocks.— \0. In painting and sculpture, the attitude or po- ACU sition of the several parts of the body, by which they seem to be actuated by passions 11. Battle; fight; engage- ment between troops in wai, whether on land or water. A€'TION-A-BLE, a. That will bear a suit, or for which an action at law may be sustained. A€'T10N-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that subjects to legal process. A€'TION-A-RY, or AG'TION-IST, n. In Europe, a propri- etor of stock in a trading company ; one who owns actions or shares of stock. t A€-TI-Ta'TIUN, 71. Action quick and frequent. t A€'TI-VATE, V. a. To make active. A€T'lVE, a. [L. activus ; Fr. actif.] 1. That has the power or quality of acting ; that contains the principle of action, independent of any visible external force. 2. Having the power of quick motion, or disposition to move with speed ; nimble ; lively ; brisk ; agile. 3. Busy ; constantly engaged inaction. 4. Requiring action or ex- ertion ; practical ; operative ; producing real effects ; op- posed to speculative ; as, the active duties of life. A€T'IVE-LY, adv. In an active manner ; by action ; nim- bly ; briskly. A€T'IVE-NESS, 7?. The quality of being active ; the facul- ty of acting; quickness of motion. AG-TIV'I-TY, n. The quality of being active ; the active faculty ; nimbleness ; agility ; also the habit of diligent and vigorous pmsuit of business. t AeTiLESS, a. Without spurit ; insipid. A€T'OR, 71. 1. He that acts or performs ; an active agent 2. He that represents a character, or acts a part in a play ] a stage-player. 3. Among civilians, an advocate or proc tor in civil courts or causes. AGT'RESS, n. A female who acts or performs, and espe- cially on the stage or in a play. A€T'U-AL, a. [Fr. actuel.] 1. Real or effective, or that exists truly and absolutely. 2. Existing in act ; real ; in opposition to speculative. A€T-U-AL'I-TY, 71. Reality. Haweis. A€T'U-AL-LY, adv. In fact ; really ; in truth. t A€T'U-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being actual. A€T'U-A-RY, n. [L. actuarius.] A register or clerk. A€T'U-ATE, a. Put in action. [Little used.] A€T'U-ATE, V. t. To put into action ; to move or incite to action. A€T'U-A-TED, pp. Put in action ; Incited to action. A€T'U-A-TING, ppr. Putting in action ; Inciting to ac- tion. A€T-U-A'TION, 7t. The state of being put in action ; ef fectual operation. Qlanville. t A€T'U-OSE, a. Having strong powers of action. A€T'US, 71. Among the Romans, a measure in building equal to 120 Roman feet. A€'U"-ATE, V. t. [L. acuo.] To sharpen ; to make pungent or corrosive. [Little used.] Harvey. t A€'U-ATE, a. Sharpened. Ashmole. A€-U-BeNE', n. A star of the fourth magnitude. Ae-U-i"TION, 71. The sharpening of medicines to In crease their effect. t A-eU'I-TY, 72.. Sharpness. Perkins. A-€tJ'LE-ATE, a. [L. aculeus.] 1. In botany, having prickles, or sharp points ; pointed. — 2. In zoology, hav- ing a sting. A-€u'LE-I, 71. [L.] In botany and zoology, prickles or spines. A€'U-LON, ) n. [Gr. a/cuXo?.] The fruit or acorn of the A€'IJ-LOS, ] ilex, or scarlet oak. A-€U'MEN, n. [L.] A sharp point ; and, figuratively, quickness of perception, the faculty of nice discrimina- tion. A-€u'MI-NATE, a. [L. acuminatum.] Ending in a sharp point ; pointed. A-€u'MI-NA-TED, a. Sharpened to a point. A-€d-MI-Na'T10N, n. A sharpening ; termination in a shai-p point. A€-U-PUN€'TURE, n. [1.. acusRnipmictura.] Amongthe Chinese, a surgical operation, performed by pricking the part affected with a needle. A€'U-RU, n. In Lidia, a fragrant aloe-wood. A'€US, n. [L.] 1. The ntedle-fish, or gar-fish. 2. The ammodyte or sand eel. 3. The oblong cimex. A-€uTE'', a. [L. acutus.] 1. Sharp at the end ; ending in a sharp point ; opposed to bhcnt or obtuse. 2. Figuratively, applied to mental powers ; penetrating ; having ni^3 dis- cernment ; perceiving or using minute distinctions ; op- posed to dull or stupid. 3. Applied to the senses; hav- ing nice or quick sensibility ; susceptible of slight im- pressions ; having power to feel or perceive small objects. 4. An acute disease is one which is attended with vio- lent symptoms, and comes speedily to a crisis, as a pleurisy; opposed to chronic. 5. An acute accent is that which elevates or sharpens the voice. — 6. In music, acute is applied to a tone which is sharp, or high ; opposed to grave. — 7. In botany, ending in an acute angle. t A-€OTE', V. t. To render the accent acute ! Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete ADD 12 ADE A-€t[TE'Ly , adv. Sharply ; keenly ; with nice discrimina- tion. A-€uTE'NESS, n. 1. Sharpness, 2. The faculty of nice discernment or perception ; applied to the senses, or the understanding. 3. Sharpness, or elevation of sound. 4. Violence of a disease. A-€U-T[a'TOR, 71. In the middle ages, a person whose of- fice was to sharpen instruments. AD. A Latin preposition, signifying to. — Ad hominem, to the man, in logic, an argument, adapted to touch the pre- judices of the person addressed. — Ad inquirendum, in law, a judicial writ, commanding inquiry to be made. Ad libitum, [L.] at pleasure. — Ad valorem, according to the value, in commerce and finance. t AD-A€T', v. t. [L. adago.} To drive ; to compel. AD'AOE, n. [L. adagium, or adagio.] A proverb •, an old saying, which has obtained credit by long use ; a wise obsej-vation, handed down from antiquity. t A-Da'6I-AL, a. Proverbial. Barrow. A-Da'(jI-0, 71. [It.] In music, a slow movement. — As an adverb, slowlv, leisurely, and with grace. AD'AM, n. [in Heb. Ch. Syr. Eth. Ax., Man.] Primarily, the name of the human species, mankind ; appropriately, the first man, the progenitor of the human race. AD'Ai\]'S AP-PLE. A species of citron, [see Citron ;j also the prominent part of the throat. ^.D'AM'S NEE-DL,E. The popular name of the plant yucca. AD'A-MANT, n. [Gr. aSaixas ; L. adamas.] A very hard or impenetrable stone ; a name given to the diamond and other substances of extreme hardness. AD-A-MAN-Te'AN, a. Hard as adamant. Milton. AD-A-MAJ^f'TINE, a. Made of adamant ; having the quali- ties of adamant; that cannot be broken, dissolved, or penetrated. AI)'AM-I€, a. Pertaining to Adam. AD' AM-ITES. In church history, a sect of visionaries, who pretended to establish a state of innocence, and, like Adam, went naked. AD-AM-IT'I€, a. Like the Adamites. Taylor. AD- AN-So'NI- A, n. Ethiopian sour gourd, monkey's bread, or African calabash-tree. A-DAPT , V. t. [Sp. adaptar ; L. ad and apto.] To make suitable ; to fit or suit ; as, to adapt an instrument to its uses. A-DAP-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The q-uality of adaptation. A-DAPT'A-BLE, a. That may be adapted. AD-AP-Ta'TION, n. The act of making suitable, or the state of being suitable, or fit ; fitness. A-DAPT'ED, pp. Suited ; made suitable; fitted. ADAPT'ER. See Adopter. A-DAPT'ING, ppr. Suiting ; making fit. A-DAP'TION, n. Adaptation ; the act of fitting. t A-D APT'NESS, n. A state of being fitted. a'DAR, n. A Hebrew month, answering to the latter part of February and the beginning of March. A-DaR'CE, n. [Gr. aSapK/js.] A saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. A-DXR'eON, n. In Jewish antiquity, a gold coin. A-DaR'ME, n. A Spanish weight, the sixteenth of an ounce. AD' A-TIS, n. A muslin or species of cotton cloth from India. t A-DaUNT', v. t. To subdue. t A-D AW, V. t. To daunt ; to subject. Spenser. A-DaYS', adv. On or in days ; as in the phrase, now adays. ADD, V. t. [li. addo.] 1. To set or put together, join, or unite, as one thing or sum to another, in an aggregate. 2. To unite in idea or consideration ; to subjoin. 3. To increase number. 4. To augment. t AD-€0R'P0-RATE, V. t. To unite one body with another. ADDA-BLE, a. That may be added. AD-DEC'1-MATE, v. t. [L. ad and decimus.'] To take, or to ascertain tithes. ADD'ED, pp. Joined in place, in sum, in mass or aggregate, in number, in idea, or consideration ; united ; put to- gether. AD-DEEM', V. t. To award ; to sentence. [Little used.] AD-DEN'DUM, n. [L.] plu. Addenda. An addition or an appendix to a work. AD'DER, n. [Sax. aetter or aettw.] A venomous serpent or viper, of several species. AD'DER-FLY, n. A name of the dragon-fly. AD'DER'S-GRaSS, n. A plant about which serpents lurk. AD'DER'S-ToNGUE, n. A plant whose seeds are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue. ADDER'S-WoRT, 71. Snakeweed, so named from its sup- posed virtue in curing the bite of serpents. AD-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of being added. AD'DI-BLE, a. That may be added. Locke. tAD'DTCE. See Adz. AD-DICT', a. Addicted. [J^Tot much used.] AD-DieT', V. t. [L. addico.] To apply one's self habitual- ly ; to devote time and attention by customary or constant practice ; sometimes in a good sense, but more usually in a bad one AD-DI€T'ED, pp. Devoted by customary practice AD-DI€TED-NESS, n. The quality or state of being ed dieted. AD-DI€T'ING, ppr. Devoting time and attention ; prac- ticing customarily. AD-DI€'TION, n. 1. The act of devoting or giving up in practice ; the state of being devoted. 2. Among the Ro- mans, a making over goods to another by sale or legal sentence ; also an assignment of debtors in service to their creditors. ADD'ING, ppr. Joining j putting together ; increasing. AD-DIT'A-MENT, n. [L. additamentum.] An addition, or rather the thing added, as furniture in a house ; any ma- terial mixed with the principal ingredient in a compound [Little used ] AD-Dl"TlON, n. [L. additio.] 1. The act of adding, op- posed to subtraction or diminution. 2. Any thing added, whether material or immaterial. — 3. In arithmetic, the uniting of two or more numbers in one sum. — 4. In Zaw, a title annexed to a man's name, to show his rank, occu- pation, or place of residence. — 5. In music, a dot at the side of a note, to lengthen its sound one half. — 6. In her- aldry, something added to a coat of arms, as a mark ot honor. — 7. In distilling, any thing added to the wash or liquor in a state of fermentation.— ^. In popular language, an advantage, ornament, improvement. AD-Di"TION-AL, a. That is added. It is used by Bacon for addition ; but improperly. AD-Dl"TION-AL-LY, adv. By way of addition. t AD-DI"TION-A-RY, a. That may be added. ADD'I-TlVE, a. That may be added. ADD'I-TO-RY, a. That adds, or may add. AD'DLE, a. [W. hadyl.] In a morbid state ; putrid ; appli- ed to eggs. Hence, barren, producing nothing. Dryden. AD'DLED, a. Morbid, corrupt, putrid, or barren. AD'DLE-HEAD-ED, ^ „ • . x. • AD'DLE-PA-TED, \ ^' ^^^vrng empty brams. ADD'LINGS, n. plu. Earnings ; wages received for work Cheshire, Eng. AD-D05M', V. t. See Doom. To adjudge. AD-DORS'ED, a. In heraldry, having the backs turned to each other, as beasts. AL-DRESS', V. t. [Ft. adresser.] 1. To prepare ; to make suitable dispositions for. 2. To direct words or discourse ; to apply to by words. 3. To direct in writing, as a letter ; or to direct and transmit. 4. To present an address, as a letter of thanks or congratulation, a petition, or a testimo- ny of respect. 5. To court or make suit as a lover. — 6. In commerce, to consign or intrust to the care of another, as agent or factor. AD-DRESS', n. 1. A speaking to ; verbal application ; a formal manner of speech. 2. A written or formal appli- cation ; a message of respect, congratulation, thanks, pe- tition, &c. ; as, an address of thanks. 3. Manner of speak ing to another ; as, a man of pleasing address. 4. Court- ship ; more generally in the plural, addresses. 5. Skill ; dexterity ; skilful management. 6. Direction of a letter including the name, title, and place of residence of the person for whom it is intended. AD-DRESS'ED, (ad-dresf) pp. Spoken or applied to ; di- rected ; courted ; consigned. AD-DRESS'ER, n. One who addresses or petitions. AD-DRESS ING, ppr. Speaking or applying to; directing, courting ; consigning. AD-DuCE', V. t. [L. adduco.] 1. To bring forward, present, or offer. 2. To cite, name, or introduce. AD-Du CED, (ad-duste') pp. Brought forward ; cited ; al- ledged in argument. AD-Du'CENT, a. Bringing forward, or together ; a word applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part towards another. AD-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be adduced. AD-Du'ClNG, ppr. Bringing forward ; citing in argument AD-DU€'TION, n. The act of bringing forward. AD-DU€'TlVE, a. That brings forward. AD-DU€'TOR, n. [L.] A muscle which draws one part of the body towards another. fAD-DULCE', (ad-dulsO v. t. [L. ad and dulcis.] To sweeten. Bacon. AD'EB, n. An Egyptian weight of 210 okes. E-ncyc. AD-E-LAN-TA'DO, n. [Spanish.] A governor of a prov- ince ; a lieutenant governor. AD'E-LING, n. A title of honor, given by our Saxon ances tors to the children of princes, and to young nobles. It is composed of adel, or rather cBthel, the Teutonic term for noble, illustrious, and ling, young, posterity. AD'E-LITE, n. Adelites or Almoganens, in Spain, were conjurers, who predicted fortunes. A-DEMP'TION, n. [L. adimo.] In the civil law, the revoca- tion of a grant, donation, or the like. AD-E-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aSrjv and ypa^w.J That part of anatomy which treats of the glands. AD'E-NOID, a. [Gr. aSnv and eiSog.] In the form of a gland ; glandiform ; glandulous. * See »ynopsi<>. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.-FAn, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;-PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;- j Obsolete ADJ 18 ABJ AD-E-NO-L0Gr'I-€!AL, a. Pertaining to tlie doctrine of the glands. AD-E-N0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. a^vv and Xoyo^.l In anatomy, the doctsne of tie glands, their nature, and their uses. AD E-NOS, 71. A species of cotton, from Aleppo, called also marine cotton. A-DEPT , 71. [L. adeptus.] One fuUy skiUed or well versed in any art. A-DEPT , a. Well skilled ; completely versed or acquainted with. Boyle. \ A-DEP'TION, 71. [L. adeptio.] An obtaining ; acquire- ment. Bacon. AD'E-aUA-CY, n. [L. adcequatus.] The state or quality of being equal to, proportionate, or sufficient ; a sufficiency for a partictilar purpose. War in Disguise. AD'E-Q.UATE. a. Equal ; proportionate ; correspondent to ; fully sufficient. t AD'E-aUATE, V. t. To resemble exactly. Shelford. AD'£-aUATE-LY, adv. In an adequate manner ; in exact proportion ; in a degree equal to the object. AD'E-aUATE-NESS, n. The state of bemg adequate ; just- ness of proportion or representation. t AD-E-aUA'TION, n. Adequateness. Bp. Barlow. t AD-ES-POT'I€, a. Not absolute ; not despotic. AD-ES-SE-Na'RI-ANS, n. [L. adesse.] In church history, a sect who hold the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not by transubstantiation. AD-FE€T'ED, a. In algebra, compounded ; consisting of different powers of the unknown quautity. Bailey. AD-FIL'I-A-TED, ffl. Adopted as a son . See Affiliate. AD-FIL-I-A'TION. n. fL. ad and Jiliiis.] A Gothic custom, by which the children of a former marriage are put upon the same footing with those of a succeeding one. AD-HkRE', v. i. [L. adhmreo-l 1. To stick to, as glutinous substances, or by natural growth. 2. To be joined, or held in contact ; to cleave to. 3. Figiuratively, to hold to, be attached, or remain fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion. 4. To be consistent ; to hold together as the parts of a system. Shak. AD-He'RENCE, n. 1. The quality or state of sticking or adhering. 2. Figuratively, a being fixed in attachment ; fidelhy ; steady attachment. AD-He'REN-CY, 71. The same as adherence. AD-He'RENT, a. Sticking, uniting, as glue or wax ; unit- ed with. AD-He'RENT, n. The person who adheres ; one who fol- lows a leader, party, or profession ; a follower, or parti- san ;_ a believer in a particular faith or church. AD-He'RENT-LY, adv. In an adlierent manner. AD-He'RER, n. One that adheres ; an adherent. AD-He'SION, (ad-he'-zhun) n. [L. adhcesio.] 1. The act or state of sticking, or being united and attached to. .Ad- hesion is generally used in a literal, adherence in a met- aphorical sense. 2. fkymetimes, figuratively, adherence, union, or steady attachment •, opinion. AD-He'SIVE, a. Sticky ; tenacious, as glutinous substan- ces •,_apt or tending to adhere. AD-He'S1VE-LY, adv. In an adhesive manner. AD-He'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of sticking or adhering ; stickiness ; tenacity. AD-HIB'IT, V. t. [L. adhiheo.] To use, or apply. {Rarely used.] AD-HI-Bl"TION, 71. Application ; use. AD'HIL, ?!. A star of the sixth magnitude. AD-HOR-Ta'TION, 71. [L. adhartatio.] Advice. AD-HORT'A-TO-RY, a. [L. adhortor.] Advisory ; con- taining counsel or warning. t AD-I-APHO-RA-CY, n. Indifference. AD-I-APH O-RISTS, n. [Gr. a6iaq>opos.] Moderate Luther- ans ; a name given, in the sixteenth century, to certain men that followed Melancthon. AD-I-APH'O-ROUS, a. Indifferent •, neutral. t AD-I-APH'O-RY, n. Indifference ; neutralitv. A-DIEui, (a-du ) adv. [Fr. d dieu, to God.] Farewell ; an expression of kind wishes at Ine parting of friends. A-DIEu , n. A farewell, or commendation to the care of God. AD-I-POC'E-RATE, v. t. To convert into adipocere. AD-I-POC-E-Ra TION, n. The act or process of bemg chansed into adipocere. \D'I-PO-CERE, n [L. adeps and cera.] A soft, unctuous or waxy substance. AD'I-POSE, ) a. [L. adipos^is.l Fat ; as, the adipose mem- AD'I-POUS, \ brane. ^ ■> ' ' AD'IT, n. [L. aditus.] An entrance or passage ; a term in mining, used to denote the opening. t AD-i"TlON, n. The act of going to another. AD-Ja'CEN-CY, n. [L. adjaceo.] The state of lying close or contiguous •, a bordering upon, or lying next to. AD-Ja'CENT, a. Lying near, close, or contiguous 5 border- ing upon. AD-Ja'CENT, 71. That which is next to, or contiguous. Locke. [Little used.] AD-JE€T , V. t. [L. adjicio.] To add or put, as one thing to another. Macknight. AD-JE€'TI0N, n. Tiie act of adding, or thing added. Brown. [Little used.] AD-JE€-Ti"T10US, a. Added. Parkhurst. AD'JE€^TlVE, 71. In grammar, a word used with a noun, to express a quality of the thing named, or something at- tributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or de- scribe a thing, as distinct from something else. It is call- ed also an attributive or attribute. AD'JE€-TiVE-LY, adv. In the manner of an adjective , as, a word is used adjfctively. AD-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. adjoindre.] To join or unite to ; to put to, by placing m contact : to unite, by fastening together with a joint, mortise, or knot. See Join. AD- JOIN', V. i. To lie or be next to, or in contact ; to be contiguous. t AD-JOIN'ANI', a. Contiguous to. Carew. AD-JOIN'ED, (ad-joind') pp. Joined to j united AD-JOIN'ING, fipr. Joining to ; adjacent ; contiguous. AD-JOURN', (ad-jurn') v. t. [Fr. ajourner.] Literally, to put off, or defer to another day ; but now used to denote a formal intermission of business, a putting off to any fu- ture meeting of the same body, and appropriately used of public bodies, or private commissioners, intrusted with business. AD-J6URN', v. i. To suspend business for a time ; as from one day to another, or for a longer period. AD-JOQRN'ED, (ad-jurnd') pp. 1. Put off, delayed, or de- ferred for a limited time. 2. As an adjective, existing or held by adjournment. AD-J6URN'ING, ppr. Deferring ; suspending for a time • closing a session. AD-J6URN'MENT, 71. 1. The act of adjourning. 2. The putting off till another day or time specified, or icithout day. 3. The time or interval during which a public body defers business ; as, during an adjournment. But a sus- pension of business, between the forming of a house and an adjournment for refreshment, is called a recess. In Great Britain, the close of a session of parliament is called a prorogation ; as the close of a parliament is a dissolu- tion. AD-JUDGE', V. t. [Fr. adjuger.] To decide, or determine, in the case of a controverted question ; to decree by a ju- dicial opinion. AD-JUDG'ED, (ad-judjd') pp. Detennined by judicial opin- ion ; decreed ; sentenced. AD-JUD6'ING, ppr. Determining by judicial opinion j sen- tencing. AD-JUDG'MENT, n. The act of judging ; sentence. AD-JtJ'DI-€ATE, v. t. [L. adjudico.] To adjudge ; to try and determine, as a court. AD-Ju'DI-€ATE, v. i. To try and determine judicially. AD-Ju'DI-€A-TED, ;)p. Adjudged ; tried and decided. AD-Ju DI-CA-TING, pjrr. Adjudging ; trying and deter- mining. AD-JU-DI-€a TION, n. 1. The act of adjudging ; the act or process of trying and determining judicially. 2. A ju- dicial sentence ; judgment or decision of a court. t AD JU-GATE, V. t. To yoke to. t AD'JU-MENT, n. [L. adjumentum.] Help ; support. AD'JUNOT, 7!. [L. adjunctus.] 1. Something added to an- other, but not essentially a part of it. — 2. In metaphysics, a quality of the body or the mind, whether natural or ac- quired. — 3. In grammar, words added to illustrate or am- plify the force of other words. Adjunct has been used for a colleague, but rarely. TVotton. AD'JUNOT, a. Added to or united with ; as, an adjunct professor. AD-JUN€'TION, n. The act of joining ; the thing joined. AD-JUN€'TIVE, a. Joining ; having the quality of joining AD-JUNO TIVE, n. That which is joined. AD-JUN€'TIVE-LY, adv. In an adjunctive manner. AD-JUNCT'LY, adv. In connection with ; consequently. AD-JU-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The act of adjuring ; a solemn charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. The_ form of oath. Addison. AD-JuRE', V. t. [L. adjuro.] 1. To charge, bind, or com- mand on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. To charge earnestly and solemnly, on pain of God's wrath. 3. To conjure ; to charge, urge, or summon with solem- nity_. Miltun. AD-JuR'ED, (ad-jurd') pp. Charged on oath, or with a de- nunciation of God's wrath ; solemnly urged. AD-JuR'ER, 71. One that adjures ; one that exacts an oath. AD-JuR'ING, ppr. Charging on oath, or on the penalty of a curse ; beseeching with solemnity. AD-JUST', V. t. [Sp. ajustar.] I. To make exact ; to fit 5 to make correspondent, or conformab.e. Swift 2. To put in order ; to regulate or reduce to system. 3. To make accurate ; to settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the result. AD-JUST'ED, -pp. Made exact or conformable ; reduced to a right form or standard ; settled. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— B^LL, eNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z } CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete ADM 14 ADM AD-IUST'ER, n. A person who adjusts ; that which regu- lates. AD-JUST'ING, ppr. Reducing to due form ; fitting ; mak- ing exact or correspondent •, settling. AD-J(JST'ME.\T, Ti. The act of adjusting-, regulation ; a ri;Jucing to just form or order ; a making fi„ or conforma- ble ; settlement. .A.D'JU-TAN-CY, tj. The office of an adjutant ; skilful ar- rangement. Burke. AD'Jlf-TANT, 71. [L. adjutans.] In military affairs, an of- ficer whose business is to assist the major by receiving and com inunlcauiig orders. — Adjutant-general, in an ar- my, is-t{ t chief adjutant. t AJWuTE', v.t.To help. B. Jonson. AD-Ju'TOR, 71 A h ^per. [Little usedA t AD'JU-TO-RY, a. Helping. t AD-JU'TRIX, 71. «he who helps. * AD-Ju'VANT, a. Helping ; assisting. Howell. * AD-JCJ'VANT, 71. An assistant. *AD JU VATE, V. t. To help. AD-LE-Ga TION, 71. [L. ad and legatio.] In the public law of tlie Qerman emvire, a right claimed, by the states, of joining their own ministers with those of the emperor, in public treaties. AD-L0-€U'T10N, n. See Allocution. AD-MEAS'URE, (ad-mezh'ur) v. t. 1. To measure or as- certain dimensions, size, or capacity ; used for measure. 2. To apportion ; to assign to each claimant his right. AD-MEAS'URED, (ad-mezh'urd) pp. Measured ; appor- tioned. AD-MEAS'URE-MENT, 71. 1. The measuring of dimen- sions bv a rule. 2. The measure of a thing, or dimen- sions ascertained. 3. The adjustment of proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. Blackstone. AD-MEAS'UR-ER, 71. One that admeasures. AD-MEAS'UR-I_NG, p;??-. Measuring; apportioning. AD-MEN-SU-Ra'TION is equivalent to admeasurement, but not much used. ti* J-Me'TI-ATE, v. t. To measure. f aD-MIN'I-€LE, 71. [L. adminiculum.] Help; support. AD-MI-Nie'U-LAR, a. Supplying help ; helpful. AD-MIN'IS-TER, v. t. [L. administro.] 1. To act as min- ister or chief agent, in managing public affairs, under laws or a constitution of government, as a king, presi- dent, or other supreme officer. 2. To dispense ; as, to administer justice or the sacrament. .3. To afford, give, or furnish ; as, to administer relief. 4. To give, as an oath ; to cause to swear according to law. AD-MINaS-TER, v._ i. 1. To contribute ; to bring aid or supplies ; to add something. 2. To perform the office of administrator. AD-MIN'iS-TERED, pp. Executed ; managed ; governed; afforded ; given ; dispensed. AD-xMIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of government. AD-MIN'IS-TER-ING, ppr. Executing; carrying into ef- fect ; giving ; dispensing. AD-MIN'IS-TRA-RLE, a. Capable of administration. AD-MIN'fS-TRATE, in the place of administer, has been used, but is not well authorized. AJD-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, 77. 1. The act of administering ; direction ; management ; government of public affairs ; the conducting of any office or employment. 2. Tlie ex- ecutive part of government, consistmg in the exercise of the constitutional and legal powers, the general superin- tendence of naticma-i affairs, and the enforcement of laws. 3. The persons, collectively, who are intrusted with the execution of laws, and the superintendence of public af- fairs. 4. Dispensation ; distribution ; exhibition ; as, the administration of justice. 5. The management of the estate of an intestate person, under a commission from the prooer authority. 6. The power, office, or commission of an administrator. Blackstone. AD-MIN'IS-TRA-TIVE, a. That administers, or by which one administers. AD-MI^MS-TRA'TOR, n. 1. A man who, by virtue of a commission from the proper authority, has the charge of the goods and estate of one dying without a will. 2. One who administers, or who directs, manages, distributes, or dispenses laws and rites. — 3. In Scots law, a tutor, cura- tor, or guardian. AD-jMIN-IS-TRa'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of an adminis- trator. AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TRIX, n. A female who administers upon the estate of an intestate ; also a female who administers government. AH-MI-RA-BTL'I-TY, n. The quality of being admirable. ALKAII-RA-BLE, a. [L. admirabiUs.] To be admired ; wor- thy of admiration ; having qualities to excite wonder, with approbation, esteem, or reverence ; used of persons or things. AD'MI-RA-RLE-NESS, v. The quality of being admirable ; the power of exciting admiration. AD'MI-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder, mingled with approbation, esteem, or veneration. AD'MI-RAL, n. [in the Latin of the middle ages, amira^ aniiras, admiralis.] A marine commander-in-chief; the commander of a fleet or navy. 1. The lord high admiral, in Great Britain, is an officer who superintends all mari- time affairs, and has the government of the navy. 2 The admiral of the fleet, the highest officer under the ad- miralty. 3. The vice admiral is an officer next in rank and command to the admiral. 4. The rear admiral is next in rank to the vice admiral. 5. The commander of any single fleet, or, in general, any flag officer. 6 The ship which carries the admiral ; also, the most considera- ble ship of a fleet. — 7. In zoology, a species of shell-Ssh AD'MI-RAL-SHIP, n. The office or power of an admiral. [Little u^ed.] AD'Ml-RAL-TY, n. In Great Britain, the office of lord high adrakal. This office is discharged by one person, or by commissioners, called lords of the admiralty. The admi- ralty court, or court of admiralty, is the supreme court for the trial of maritime causes. In general, a court of admi- ralty is a court for the trial of causes arising on the high seas, as prize-causes and the like. AD-MI-Ra'TION, 77. Wonder mingled with pleasing emo- tions, as approbation, esteem, love, or veneration ; a com- pound emotion excited by something novel, rare, great, or Gxccllcnt, JDvydsiit t AD-MI'RA-TlVE, n. A note of admiration, thus, ! AD-MiRE', V. t. [L. admirer.] 1. To regard with wonder or surprise, mingled with approbation, esteem, reverence, or affection. 2. To regard with affection ; a familiar term for to love greatly. AD- MIRE', V. i. To wonder ; to be affected with slight sur prise. Ray. AJD-MIR'ED, (ad-mird') pp. Regarded with wonder, min gledwith pleasurable sensations. AD-MlR'ER, 71. One who admires ; one who esteems or loves greatly. AD-MlR'ING, ppr. Regarding with wonder, united with love or esteem. AD-MTR'ING-LY, adv. With admiration ; in the manner of an admirer AD-MISS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being admissible. Chase. AD-MISS'I-BLE, a. That may be admitted, allowed, or conceded. AD-MISS'lON, n. [L. admissio."] 1. The act or practice of admitting ; the state of being admitted. 2. Admittance ; power or permission to enter ; entrance ; access ; power to approach. 3. Allowance ; grant of an argument or position not fully proved. AD-MIT', V. t. [h. admitto.] 1. To suffer to enter; to grant entrance ; whether into a place, or an office, or into the mind, or consideration. 2. To give right of en- trance. 3. To allow ; to receive as true. 4. To permit, grant, or allow, or to be capable of. AD-MIT'TA-BLE, a. That may be admitted or allowed. AD-MIT'TANCE, n. 1. The act of admitting ; allowance. 2. Permission to enter ; the power or right of entrance , actual entrance. 3. Concession ; admission ; allowance. [JVot used.] 4. Shakspeare uses the word for the custom or prerogative of being admitted. AD-MIT'TED, pp. Permitted to enter or approach ; allow- ed ; granted ; conceded. AD-MIT'TER, 7i. He that admits. AD-MIT'TING, ppr. Permitting to enter or approach ; al- lowing; conceding. AD-M£X', V. t. To mingle with something else. See Mix AD-MIX'TION, (ad-mix'chun) ?i. [L. admixtio.] A min gling of bodies; a union by mixing different substances together. AD-M1XT'URE,77. The substance mingled with another; sometimes the act of mixture. AD-MON'ISH, V. t. [L. admoneo.] 1. To warn of a fault; to reprove with mildness. 2. To counsel against wrong practices ; to caution or advise. 3. To instruct or direct. AD-MON'ISHED, pp. Reproved ; advised ; warned ; in structed. AD-MON'ISH-ER, n. One who reproves or counsels. AD-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Reproving ; warning ; counsel ing ; directing. AD-MON ISh-MENT, n. Admonition. Shak. AD-MO-NI"TION, 77. Gentle reproof ; counseling against a fault ; instruction in duties ; caution ; direction. AJ)-MO-Nl"TION-ER, n. A dispenser of admonitions Hooker. AD-MON 'I-TiVE, a. Containing admonition. Barrow. AD-MON'[-TOR, 77. An admonisher, a monitor. AD-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Containing admonition : that admon ishes. AD-MOR-TI-Za'TION, 77. The reducing of lands or tene ments to mortmain. AD-MoVE , V. t. [L. admoveo.] To move to ; to bring one thing to another. [Little tised.] Brown. * See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long —FAR FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;- PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f ObsoleU ADO 15 ADU f AD-MUR-MU-RA'TION, n. The act of murmuring to an- other. AD-NAS'CENT, a. Growing on something else. Evelyn. AD-Na'TA, n. [L. ad and natus.] 1. In anatomy, one of the coats of the eye. 2. Such parts of animal or vegeta- ble bodies as are usual and natural. 3. Offsets of plants, germinating under ground. AD'NATE, a. [L. ad and natus.] In batany, pressing close to the stem, or growing to it. AD'NOUN, 71. In grammar, an adjective, or attribute. [Little used.] A-Do', n. [qu. a and do ] Bustle ; trouble ; labor ; diffi- cultv ; as, to make a great ado about trifles. AD-0-LES'CENCE, n. [L. adolescens.} The state of grow- ing, applied to the young of the human race ; youth, or the period of life between childhood and manhood. AD-0-LES'CENT, a. Growing ; advancing from childhood to manhood. AD-0-Nk'AN, a. Pertaining to Adonis. Faher. A-Do'NI-A, 71. Festivals celebrated anciently in honor of Adonis, by females. A-DON'ie, a. Adonic verse, a short verse, in which the death of Adonis was bewailed. A-DON'I€, 71. An Adonic verse. A-Do'NIS, n. In mythology, the favorite of Venus, said to bejhe son of Cinyras, kmg of Cyprus. A-Do'NIS. In botany, bird's eye or pheasant's eye. A-Do'NISTS, n. Among critics, a sect or party who main- tain that the Hebrew points ordinarily annexed to the consonants of the word Jehovah, are not the natural points belonging to that word, and that they do not ex- press the true pronunciation of it. t A-DOORS', (a-dorz ) adv. At doors ; at the door. A-DOPT', v. t. [L. adopto.] 1. To take a stranger into one's family, as son and heir ; to take one who is not a child, and treat him as one. 2. To take or receive, as one's own, that which is not natuially so. 3. To select and take. A-DOPT'ED, pp. Taken as one's own ; received as son and heir ; selected for use. A-DOPT'ED-LY, adv. In the manner of something adopted. A-DOPT'ER, 71. One who adopts. ADOPT'ING, ppr. Taking a stranger as a son ; taking as one's own. A-DOP'TION, n. [L. adoptio.] 1. The act of adopting, or the state of being adopted ; the taking and treating of a stranger as one's own child. 2. The receiving as one's own what is new or not natural. A-DOPT'IVE, a. [L. adoptivus.] That adopts ; as, an adoptive father ; or that is adopted ; as, an adoptive son. A-DOPT'lVE, 71. A person or thing adopted. A-Do'RA-BLE, a. That ought to be adored; worthy of di- vine honors. A-Do'RA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration. A-Do'RA-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of adoration. AD-O-Ra'TIDN, n. 1. The act of paying honors to a divine being ; the worship paid to God ; the act of addressing as a god. 2. Homage paid to one in high esteem ; pro- found reverence. A-DoRE', V. t. [L. adoro.] 1. To worship with profound reverence ; to pay divine honors to ; to honor as a god, or as divine. Dryden. 2. To love in the highest degree ; to regard with the utmost esteem, affection and respect. Toiler. A-DoR'ED, (a-dord') pp. Worshipped as divine ; highly reverenced ; greatly beloved. t A-DoRE'MENT, n. Adoration. Brown. A-DoR'ER, 71. One who worships or honors as divine ; in popular language, an admiring lover. A-DoR'ING, ppr. or a. Honoring or addressing as divine ; regarding with great love or reverence. A-DORN', V. t. [L. adorno.] 1. To deck or decorate ; to make beautiful ; to add to beauty by dress ; to deck with external ornaments. 2. To set off to advantage ; to add ornaments to ; to embellish by any thing external or adventitious. 3. To make pleasing, or more pleasing. 4. To display the beauty or excellence of. t A-DORN', n. Ornament. Spenser. t A-DORN', a. Adorned ; decorated. Milton. A-DORN'ED, (a-domd') pp. Decked ; decorated ; embel- lished. A-DORN'ING, ppr. Ornamenting ; decorating ; displaying beauty. A-DORN'ING, 71. Ornament ; decoration. fA-DORN'MENT.Ti. Ornament. Raleigh. AD-OS-€U-La'TION, n. [L. ad and osculatio.] The im- pregnation of plants by the falling of the farina on the pistils ; the inserting of one part of a plant into another. Crabbe. A-DOS'SED, a. [Fr. adossie.] In heraldry, placed back to back. A-DOWN', prep, [a and down.] From a higher to a lower situation ; downwards ; implying descent. A-DOWN', adv. Down 5 on the ground ; at the bottom. t A-DREAD', (a-dred') a. Affected by dread. A-DRI-AT'I€, a. [L. Adria, or Hadria.] Pertaining to tne gulf, called, from Venice, the Venetian Gulf. A-DRI-AT'1€, 71. The Venetian Gulf. A-DRIFT'j a. or adv. [Sax. adrifan.] Driven ; floating j impelled or moving without direction. AD-RO-GAfTION, n. [L. ad and rogo.] A species of adop- tion in ancient Rome. A-DROIT', a. [Fr.] Dextrous •, skilful 5 active in the use of the hands, and, figuratively, ^ji the exercise of the menial faculties ; ingenious ; ready in invention or execution. A-DROIT'LY, adv. With dexterity ; in a ready, skilful manner. Chesterfield. A-DROIT'NESS, n. Dexterity ; readiness in the use of the lin^bs, or of the mental faculties. Home. A-DRY' a. [Sax. adrigan.] Thirsty, in want of drink. AD-SCI-Tl"TIOUS, a. [L. ascititius.] Added ; taken as supplemental ; additional •, not requisite. AD-STRI€'TION, n. [L. adstrictio.] A binding fast ; co»- tiveness ; a closeness of the emunctories. AD-STRI€'TO-RY, > g Astringent AD-STRING'ENT. ^^^ astringlnt. AD-U-LA'RI-A, n. A mineral deemed the most perfect va- riety of felspar. Cleaveland, AD-U-La'TION, 71. [L. adulatio.] Servile flattery ; praise in excess ; high compliment. Shak. AD'U-LA-TOR, n. A flatterer ; one who offers praise ser- vilely. AD'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Flattering ; containing excessive praise or compliments ; servilely praising. AD'U-LA-TRESS, n. A female that flatters with servility. A-DULT', a. [L. adultus.] Having arrived at mature years, or to full size and strength. A-DULT', n. A person grown to full size and strength, or to the years of manhood. t AD'ULT-ED, ;)art. a. Completely grown. A-DUL'TER-ANT, n. The person or thing that adulterates. A-DUL'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. adulter 0.] To corrupt, debase, or make impure, by an admixture of baser materials. Boyle. t A-DUL'TER-ATE, v.i. To commit adultery. A-DUL'TER-ATE, a. Tainted with adultery ; debased by foreign mixture. A-DUL'TER-A-TED, pp. Corrupted ; debased by a mix- ture with something of less value. A-DUL'TER-ATE-LY, adv. In an adulterate manner. A-DUL'TER-ATE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being debased or counterfeit. A-DUL'TER-A-TING, ppr. Debasing ; corrupting ; coun- terfeiting. A-DUL-TER-a'TION, n. The act of adulterating, or the state of being adulterated ; coirupted or debased by for- eign admixture. A-DUL'TER-ER, n. [L. adulter.] 1. A man guilty of adul- tery ; a man who has sexual commerce with any married woman, except his wife. — 2. In Scripture.^ an idolater. Ezek. xxiii. 3. An apostate from the true faith •, a very wicked person. Jer. ix. 4. One devoted to earthly things. James, iv. A-DUL'TER-ESS, n. A married woman guilty of inconti- nCTlCG A-DUL'TER-INE, a. Proceeding from adulterous com- merce ; spurious. Hall. A-DUL'TER-INE, n. In the civil law, a child issumg from an adulterous connection. t A-DUL'TER-IZE, v. t. To commit adultery. A-DUL'TER-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of adultery ; pertaining to adultery.— 2. In Scripture, idolatrous, very wicked. Mat. xii. A-DUL'TER-OUS-LY, adv. In an adulterous manner. A-DUIi'TER-Y, n. [L. adulterium.] I. Violation of the marriage bed ; the unfaithfulness of any married person to the marriage bed. — 2. In a scriptural sense, all manner of lewdness or un chastity, as in the seventh command- ment, — 3. In Scripture, idolatry, or apostasy from the true God. Jer. in. A-DULT NESS, n. The state of being adult. AD-UM'BRANT, a. Giving a faint shadow, or slight re- AD-UM'BRATE, v. t. [L. adumbro.] To give a faint shad- ow, or slight likeness. AD UM-BRa'TION, 71. 1. The act of making a shadow or faint resemblance. 2. A faint sketch ; an imperfect rep- resentation of a thing. Bacon. — 3. In heraldry, the shad- ow only of a figure, outlined, and painted of a color darker than the field. t AD-U-Na'TION, n. The state of being united ; union. Cranmer. A-DUN'CI-TY, 71. [L. aduncitas.] Hookedness ; a bending in form of a hook. Arbuthnot. A-DUN'€OUS, a. [L. aduncus.] Hooked ; bent, or made in the form of a hook. Bacon. t A-DUNUUE', a. Hooked. Bacon. t A-DuRE', v. t. [L. adtiro.] To burn tip. «• Se-e Synopsis. MOVE, DpQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € aa K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. ADV \DUST', a. [L. adustus.^ Burnt} scorched ; become dry by heat : hot and fiery. A-DUST'ED, a. Become hot and dry ; burnt ; scorched. t A-DUST l-BLE, o. Tliat may be burnt up. A-DIlS'i ION, n. The act of burning, scorching, or heat- ing to dryness ; a state of being thus heated or dried. \D- VANCE', V. t. [Fr. avancerA 1. To tring forward ; to move further in front. 2. To promote ; to raise to a liiglier rank. 3. To improve or make better, which is considered as a progression, or moving forward. 4. To forward ; to accelerate growth. 5. To offer or propose ; to bring to view or notice. — 6. In commerce, to supply be- forehand i to furnish on credit, or before goods are deliv- ered, or work done. 7. To raise ; to enhance. AD-VANCE', V. i. 1. To move or go forward ; to proceed. 2. To improve, or make progress ; to grow better, great- er, wiser or older. 3. To rise in rank, office, or conse- quence ; to be preferred, or promoted. AD-VANCE', n. 1. A moving forward, or towards the front. 2. Gradual progression ; improvement ; as, an ad- vance in religion or knowledge. 3. Advancement ; pro- motion ; preferment. 4. First hint by way of invita- tion , first step towards an agreement.— 5. In trade, additional price ; profit. 6. A giving beforehand •, a furnishing of something, on contract, before an equiva- lent is received. 7. A furnishing of money or goods for others, in expectation of reimbursement ; or the property so furnished. — In advance, in front ; before ; also before- hand •, before an equivalent is received. AD-VAN'CED, (ad-vansf) pp. Moved forward ; promoted ; improved ; furnished beforehand ; situated in front, or before the rest ; also, old, having reached the decline of life. AD-VANCE'MENT, n. 1 . The act of moving forward or pro- ceeding, 2. The state of being advanced ; preferment ; promotion, in rank or excellence ; the act of promot- ing. 3. Settlement or. a wife, or jointure. 4. Provision made by a parent for a child. 5. Money advanced. AD-VaN'CER, 71. One who advances 5 a promoter. AD-VAN'CING, ppr. Moving forward ; proceeding 5 pro- moting ; raising to higher rank or excellence ; improv- ing ; supplying beforehand, as on loan, or as stock in trade. AD-VAN'CIVE, a. Tending to advance, or promote. AD-VAN'TAGE, n. [Fr. avantage.} I. Any state, condi- tion, or circumstance, favorable to success, prosperity, interest, or reputation. 2. Benefit ; gain 5 profit. 3. Means to an end ; opportunity ; convenience for obtain- ing benefit. 4. Favorable state or circumstances. 5. Superiority, or prevalence over ; with of ox over. 6. Su- periority, or that which gives it. 7. Interest ; increase ; overplus. {Obs.]Shak. 8. Additional circumstance to give preponderation. AD-VAN'TAGE, v. t. 1. To benefit ; to yield profit or gain. 2. To promote ; to advance the interest of. AD-VAN'TA6E-A-BLE, a. Profitable ; convenient ; gain- ful. [Little used.\ AD-VAN'TAGED, pp. Benefited ; promoted. AD VAN'T AGE-GROUND, n. Ground that gives advan- tage or superiority ; a state that gives superior advan- tages for annoyance or resistance. AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS, a. Being of advantage ; fui-nishing convenience, or opportunity to gain benefit ; gainful ; profitable ; useful •, beneficial. AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS-LY, adv. In an advantageous man- ner ; profitably ; useflilly ■, conveniently. AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of be- ing advantageous ; profitableness. iLD-VAN'TA-G[NG,ppr. Profiting; benefitting. \ AD-VEC-TlfTIOUS, a. Brought ; carried. AD-VkNE', v. i. [L. advenic] To accede, or come to ; to be added to. [Little used."] A.D-Ve'NI-ENT, a. Advening ; coming from outward causes. AD'VENT, n. [L. adventus.']^ A coming ; appropriately, the coming of our Savior, and m the calendar it includes four Sabbaths before Christmas, beginning on St. Andrew's Day, or on the Sabbath next before or after it, intended as a season of devotion. *AD-VENT'INE, a. Adventitious. Bacon. AD-VEN Tf'TIOUS, a. [I., adventitius.] Added extrinsi- cally ; accidental ; not essentially inherent ; casual ; for- eign. AD-VEN-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. Accidentally. \D-VENT'IVE, a. Accidental ; adventitious. AD-VENT'IVE, n. The thing or person that comes from without. [Little used.] Bacon. AD-VENT'U-AL, a. Relating to the season of advent. AD-VENT'URE 71. [Fr. aventure.] 1. Hazard ; risk ; chance ; that of which one has no direction. 2. An en- terprise of hazard ; a bold undertaking. 3. That which is put to hazard. AD-VENT'URE, v. t. To risk, or hazard ; to put in the power of unforeseen events. 16 ADV AD-VENT'URE, v. i. To dare ; to try the chance. AD-VENT'URED, pp. Put to hazard ; ventured ; risked. AD-VENT'UR ER, n. 1. One who hazards, or puts some, t'hing at risk. 2. One who seeks occasions of chance or attempts extraordinary enterprises. AD-VENT'URE-SOME, a. Bold ; daring ; incurring haz- ard. AD-VENT'URE-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of being bold and venturesome. AD-VENT'UR-ING, ppr. Putting to risk ; hazarding. AD-VENT'UR-OUS, a. [Fr. aventureux.] 1. Inclined or willing to incur hazard ; bold to encounter danger ; dar- ing ; courageous ; enterprising. 2. Full of hazard ; at- tended with risk ; exposing to danger : requiring courage. AD-VENT'UR-OUS-LY, adv. Boldly ; d.aringly ; in a man- ner to incur hazard. AD-VENT'UR-OUS-NESS, n. The act or quality of being adventurous. AD'VERB, 71. [L. adverbium.] In grammar, a word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective or at- tribute, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well, AD-VERB'I-AL, a. Pertaining to an adverb. AD-VERB'I-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an adverb. t AD-VERS^A-BLE, a. Contrary to ; opposite to. AD-VER-Sa'RI-A, 71. [L. from adversus.] Among the an- cients, a book of accounts. A common-place book. AD'VER-SA-RY, ?i. 1. An enemy or foe ; one who has en- mity at heart. 2. An opponent or antagonist, as in a suit at law, or in single combat ; an opposing litigant. AD'VER-SA-RY, a. Opposed ; opposite to ; adverse. AD-VERS'A-TiVE, a. Noting some difference, contrarie- ty, or opposition. AD-VERS'A-TiVE, n. A word denoting contrariety or opposition. AD'VERSE, a. [L. adversus.] 1. Opposite ; opposing ; act- ing in a contrary direction ; conflicting •, counteracting 2. Figuratively, opposing desire ; contrary to the wishes, or to supposed good ; hence, unfortunate ; calamitous , afflictive ; pernicious ; unprosperous. t AD-VERSE', (ad-vers') v. t. To oppose. Oower. AD'VERSE-LY, adv. In an adverse manner ; oppositely , unfortunately : unprosperously ; in a manner contrary to desire or success. AD'VERSE-NESS, n. Opposition ; unprosperousness. AD-VERS'I-TY, n. An event, or series of events, which oppose success or desire ; mbifortune ; calamity ; afflio- tion ; distress ; state of unhappiness. AD-VERT', V. i. [L. adverto.] To turn the mind or atten- tion to ; to regard, observe, or notice ; with to. t AD-VERT', V. t. To regard ; to advise. AD-VERT'ED, pp. Attended to ; regarded ; with to. AD-VERT'ENCE, ) n. A direction of the mind to ; atten- AD-YERT'EN-CY, \ tion ; notice ; regard ; considera- tion ; Iieedfulness. AD-VERT'ENT, a. Attentive ; heedful. AD-VERT'ING, ppr. Attending to; regarding; observing. AD-VER-TlSE', 7;. t. [Fr. avertir.] 1. To inform ; to give notice, advice or intelligence to, whether of a past or present event, or of something future. 2. To publish a notice of; to publish a written or printed account of. AD-VER-TlS'ED, (ad-ver-tizd') pp. Informed ; warned ; used of persons .- published ; made known ; used of things- * AD-VER'TlSE-MENT, n. Information ; admonition ; notice given. More generally, a publication intended to give notice. AD-VER-TiS'ER, n. One who advertises.— This title is often given to public prints. AD-VER-TiS'ING, ppr. J. Informing; giving notice; publishing notice. 2. a. Furnishing advertisements ; as, advertising customers. AD- VICE', 71. [Fr. avis.] 1. Counsel ; an opinion recom- mended, or offered, as worthy to be followed. 2. Pru dence ; deliberate consideration. 3. Information ; notice ; intcHigence. AD-VlCE'-BOAT, n. A vessel employed to carry dis patches or information. t AD-VIG'I-LATE, v. t. To watch. AD-Vl'SA-BLE, a. [See Advise.] 1. Proper to be advised ; prudent ; expedient ; proper to be done or practiced 2. Open to advice. South. AD-Vl'SA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being advisable or expedient. AD-VlSE', V. t. [Fr. aviser.] 1. To give counsel to ; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed. 2, To give information ; to communicate notice ; to make acquainted with. AD- VISE', V. i. To deliberate, weigh well, or consider. AD-VTS'ED, (ad-vizd') pp. 1. Informed ; counseled ; also, cautious ; prudent ; acting with deliberation. 2. Done, formed, or taken with advice or deliberation ; intended. AD-VTS'ED-LY, adv. With deliberation or advice ; heed- fully ; purposely ; by design. AD-VTS'ED-NESS, n. Deliberate consideration ; prudent procedure. * See Synopsis. S, g, I, 0, XJ, % long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE. BIRD ;— t Obsolete AER 17 AJbF AD-VISE'MENT, n. 1. Counsel ; information ; circum- spection. 2. Consultation. Mass. Reports. AD-VIS'ER, n. One who gives advice or admonition ; also, in a bad sense, one who instigates. AD-VlS,'lNG,ppr. Giving counsel. AD-VIS'ING, n. Advice ; counsel. Skak. J AD-VI'SO, n. Advice ; consideration. AD-VI'SO-RY, a. 1. Having power to advise. Madison. 2, Containing advice. AD'VO-€A-CY, n. The act of pleading for ; intercession. Brown. 2. Judicial pleading ; law-suit. Chaucer. AD'VO-€ATE, n. [L. advocatus.] 1. One who pleads the cause of another before any tribunal or judicial court. 2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses a cause, by ar- gument j one who is friendly to ; as, an advocate for peace. — In Scripture, Chilst is called an .Advocate for his people. — Faculty of advocates, in Scotland, is a society of emi- nent lawyers, consisting of about 200, who practic-3 in the highest courts. — Judge advocate, in courts martial , a per- son who manages the prosecution. AD'VO-€ATE, v. t. To plead in favor of ; to defend by ar- gument, before a tribunal ; to support or vindicate. Mil- ton. Mackenzie. Mitford. AD' VO-€ A TED, pp. Defended by argument ; vindicated. AD'VO-€A-T£SS, n. A female advocate. AD' VO-C A-TING, ppr. Supporting by reasons ; defending -, maintaining. AD-V0-€a'T10N, n. A pleading for ; plea ; apology. t AD-VO-Ea'TION, n. A flying to something. t AD-VO-LU'TION, n. The act of rolling to something. AD-VOU'TRER, n. An adulterer. AD-VOU'TRESS, n. An adulteress. Bacon. fAD-VOUTROUS, a. Adulterous. AD-VOU'TRY, n. Adultery. \Little used.] Bacon. AD-VOW-EE', n. 1. He that has the right of advowson. 3. The advocate of a church, or religious house. AD-VOW'SON, n. [Norm, avoerie, or avoeson.] In English law, a right of presentation to a vacant benefice ; or, a right of nominating a person to officiate in a vacant church Blackstone. AD-VOY'ER, or A-VOY'ER, n. [old Fr. advoes.] A chief magistrate of a town or canton in Switzerland. A'DY, n. The ahanga, or Thernel's restorative ; a species of palm-tree, in the West Indies. ADZ, n. [Sax. adcse ; formerly written in Eng. addice.] An iron instrument having an arching blade athwart the handle. i9il. A diphthong in the Latin language •, used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the Gr. ai. The Sax. w has been changed into e or ea. In derivatives from the learned languages, it is mostly superseded by e, and con- venience seems to require it to be wholly rejected in an- glicized words. For such words as may be found with this initial combination, the reader will therefore search under the letter E. JED, cd, ead, syllables found in names from the Saxon, sig- nify happy ; as, Eadric, happy kingdom ; Edward, pros- perous watch. Oibson. ^'DlLE, n. [Lat.] In ancient Rome, an officer who had the care of the public buildings, &c. yE 61- LOPS, n. [Gr. atytXwi/'.] A tumor in the corner of the eye, and a plant so called. .^'GIS, n. [Gr. aiyig.] A shield, or defensive armor. ^G'LOGUE, (eg'-log) n. A pastoral. ^-6YP-TFA-€UM, n. An ointment. Mh, al, alh, or eal, in Saxon, Eng, all, are seen in many names ; as in .Mlfred, Alfred, all peace. Oibson. MhF seems to be one form of help, but more generally written elph, or ulph ; as in .Mlfwin, victorious aid. Oib- son. ^'O-LIST, 71. [L. ^olus.] A pretender to inspiration. A'E-RATE, V. t. To combine with carbonic acid, formerly called fixed air. A'E-RA-TED, pp. Combined with carbonic acid. a'E-RA-TING, ppr. Combining with carbonic acid. a-E-Ra'TION, n. The act or operation of combining with carbonic acid. A-E'RI-AL, a. [L. aerius.] 1. Belonging to the air or at- mosphere. 2. Consisting of air 5 partaking of the nature of air. 3. Produced by air. 4. Inhabiting, or frequent- ing the air. 5. Placed in the air ; high •, lofty ; ele- vated. A-ic'RI-ANS, 71. In church history, a branch of Arians, so c..lled from Aerius. * A ERIE, 71. [W. cryr.] The ne^t of a fowl, as of an eagle o hawk; a_covey of birds. Shak. a-ER-1-FI-€a'TI0N, n. The act of combining air with ; tho state of being filled with air 2 The act of becom- ing air, or of changing into an aeriform state ; the state of being aeriform. Fourcroy. A'ER-I-FlED, pp. Having air infused, or combined with.- A'ER-I-FORM, a [L. aer and forma.] Having the form or nature of air, or of an elastic, invisible fluid. a'ER-I-FY, v. t. To infuse air into ; to fill with air, or to combine air with. A-ER-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ari^ and yjja^w.] A description of the air or atmosphere ; but aerology is chiefly used A'ER-0-LlTE, n. [Gr. atj^ and \iBoi.] A stone falling from the air, or atmospheric regions ; a meteoric stone. A-ER-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to aerology. A-EPt-OL'O-GlST, 71. One wlio is versed in aerology. A-ER-OL'0-GY. n. [Gr. ar/p and \oyoi.] A description of the air ; that branch of philosophy which treats of the air A'ER-O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. ar?p and //avraa.] Divination by means of the air and winds. {Little used.] A-ER-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. arj^ and fxtT^ov.] An instmment for weighing air, or for ascertaining the mean bulk of gases. A-ER-OM'E-TRY, n. The science of measuring the air ; the art or science of ascertaining the mean bulk of the gases. A'ER-0-NAUT, n. [Gr. a>?p and vavrris.] One who sails or floats in the air ; an aerial navigator. Burke. A-ER-0-NAUT'I€, a. Sailing or floating in the air 5 per- taining to aerial sailing. A-ER-0-NAUT'I€S, n. The doctrine, science, or art of sailing in the air by means of a balloon. A'ER-O-NAUT-ISM, n. The practice of ascending and floating in the atmosphere, in balloons. Journ. of Science. A-ER-OS'€0-PY, 71. [Gr. arip and oKe-moiiai.] The observa- tion of the air. [Little used.] A'ER-0-STAT, 71. [Gr, an^ and oraroj,] A machine or ve& _ sel sustaining weights in the air. A-ER-OS-TAT'I€, a. Suspending in air ; pertaining to the art of aerial navigation, A-ER-GS-Ta'TION, ?(. 1. Aerial navigation ; the science of raising, suspending, and guiding machines in the air. _ Adams. 2. The science of weighing air. a'ER-Y-LiGHT, in Milton, light as air ; used for dirv light. A-FaR', adv. [a and far.] 1. At a distance in place ; to or from a distance. — 2. In Scripture, figuratively, esh'an- ged m aflection ; alienated. 3. Absent j net assisting. t A-FeARD^, a. [Sax. aferan.] Afraid ; affected with fear _ or apprehension. A FER, n. [L.] The south-west wind. AF'FA, 71, A weight used on the Guinea coast. AF-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being aff'able •, readi- ness to converse ; civility and courteousness in receiving others, and in conversation ; condescension in manners. AF'FA-BLE, a. [L, affabilis.] 1, Easy of conversation ; admitting others to free conversation without reserve ; courteous ; complaisant ; of easy manners ; condescend- ing ; usually applied to superiors, 2. Applied to external appearance, affable denotes that combination of features, which invites to conversation, and renders a person ac- cessible ; opposed to a forbidding aspect ; mild ; benign ; as, an affable countenance. AF'FA-BLE-NESS, n. Affability. AF'FA-BLY, adv. In an affable manner ; courteously ; in- vitingly. t AF'FA-BROUS, a. Skilfully made. AF-FaIR', n. [Fr, affaire.] 1. Business of any kind ; that which is done, or is to be done. In the plural, it denotes transactions in general ; as, human affairs. 2. Matters ; state ; condition of business or concerns. 3. In the sin- gular, it is used for a private dispute or duel, or a partial engagement of troops. t AF-FAM'ISH, V. t. [Fr. affamir 1 To starve. t AF-FAM'ISH-MENT, n. Starvation, AF-FeAR'. See Affeer, AF-FECT', V. t. [L. afflcio, affectum.] 1. To act upon ; to produce an effect or change upon. 2. To act upon, or move the passions. 3. To aim at ; aspire to ; desire or entertain pretension to. 4. To tend to by natural affin- ity or disposition. 5. To love, or regard with fondness. 6. To make a show of ; to attempt to imitate, in a man- ner not natural ; to study the appearance of what is not natural, or real. AF-FE€-Ta'TION, n. [L. affectatio.] 1. An attempt to assume or exhibit v/hat is not natural or real ; false pre- tense ; artificial appearance, or show. 2. Fondness ; af- fection. [JVot used.] Hooker. AF-FE€T'ED, pp. 1. Impressed ; moved, or touched, either in person or in interest ; having suffered some change by external force, loss, danger, and the like. 2. Touched in the feelings ; having the feelings excited. 3, Having the passions moved.— 1. a. Inclined, or disposed ; followed by to. 2. Given to false show ; assuming, or pretend- ing to possess what is not natural or real. 3. Assumed artificially ; not natural. AF-FECT ED-LY, adv. In an affected manner ; hypocriti- cally ; with more show than reality ; formally ; studious- ly ; unnaturally. ^ . j <• AF-FE€T'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being affected : af- fectation. See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE -.—BULL.UNITE 2* ■■ -€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z , CH as SH ; TH as in this, f OSaolete AFF 18 AFF Ai -FiiCTilNG J ppr. 1. Impressing 5 having an effect on ; touching the feelings ; moving the passions ; attempting a false show ; greatly desiring ; aspiring to possess. — 2. a. Having power to excite, or move the passions ; tending to move the affections ; pathetic. AF-FE€T'1NG-LY, adv. In an affecting manner; in a manner to excite emotions. AF-FEe'TION, 71. 1. The state of being affected. [Little iLsed.] 2. Passion. 3. A bent of mind towards a par- ticular object, holding a middle place between disposition, which is natural, and passion, which is excited by the presence of its exciting object. 4. A settled good will, love, or zealous attachment ; as, the affection of a parent for his child. 5. Desire ; inclination ; propensity, good or evil. 6. An attribute, quality or property, which is in- separable from its object; as, love, fear, and hope are affections of the mind. — 7. Among physicians, a disease, or any particular morbid state of the body ; as, a gouty affection. — 8. In ■painting, a lively representation of pas- sion, AF-FE€'TI0N-ATE, a. [Fr. affcctionne.] 1. Having great love, or affection ; fond. 2. Warm in affection ; zealous. 3. Proceeding from affection ; indicating love ; benevo- lent ; tender. AF-FEC'TION-ATE-LY, adv. With affection ; fondly ; tenderly ; kindly. 1 Thes. ii. AF-FECTION-ATE-NESS, 71. Fondness ; good will ; af- fection. AF-FE€'TK)NED, a. 1. Disposed ; having an affection of heart. Rom. xii. 2. Affected ; conceited. [Obs.] Shak t AF-FE€'TIOUS-LY, adv. In an affecting manner. AF-FE€T'1VE, a. That affects, or excites emotion ; suited to affect. [Little used.] AF-FE€T'I VE-LY, adv. In an affective or impressive man- ner. AF-FE€T'OR, or AF-FE€T'ER, n. One that affect? ; one that practices affectation. t AF-FEeT'U-OUS, a. Full of passion. Leland t AF-FE€-TU-OS'I-TY, n. Passionateness. t AF-FEER', V. t. [Fr. affi.er.. To confirm. AF-FEER', 1;. t. [Fr. afferer.] In law, to assess or reduce an arbitrary penalty or amercement to a precise sum. Blackstone. AF-FEER'ED, (af-feerd') pp. Moderated in sum ; assessed ; reduced to a certainty. AF-FEER'MENT, n. The act of affeering. AF-FEER'OR, ?i. One who affeers. Cowel. AF-FET-TU-O'SO, or CON AFFETTO, [It.] h\ music, a. direction to render notes soft and affecting, AF-Fl'ANCE, n. [Norm, affiaunce.] 1. The marriage con- tract or promise ; faith pledged. 2. Trust in general ; confidence: reliance. AF-Fl'ANCE, V. t. 1. To betroth , to pledge one's faith or fidelity in marriage, or to promise marriage. 2. To give confidence. Pope. AF-Fl'ANCED, pp. Pledged in marriage ; betrothed ; bound in faith. AF-Fl'AN-CER, n. One who makes a contract of marriage between parties. AF-Fl'AN-CING, ppr. Pledging in marriage ; promising fidelity, t AF-FI-dI^uS, I "• ^"^"^^^ contract. AFFIDa'VIT, 71. [an old law verb in the perfect tense ; he made oath.] A declaration upon oath ; a declaration in writing sworn to before a magistrate, t AF-Fl'ED, (af-flde') a. or part. Joined by contract ; afii- t AF-FILE', V. t. [Fr. affder.] To polish. Chaucer. AF-FIL'I-ATE, ?;. t. [Fv. affilier.] 1. To adopt •, to receive into a family as a son, 2. To receive into a society as a member, and initiate jn its mysteries, plans, or intrigues — a sense in which the word was much used in France, during the revolution. AF-FIL-I-A TION, n. Adoption ; association in the same family or society. AF'FI-NAGE, n. The refining of metals by coppel. t AF-FlN'ED. (af-find) a Joined by affinity, AF-FIN I-TY, 71. [L. affinitas.] 1. The relation contracted by marriage, between a husband and his wife's kindred, and between a wife and her husband's kindred ; in con- tradistinction from consanguinity. 2. Agreement ; rela- tion ; conformity ; resemblance ; connection.— 3. In chem- istry, attraction ; elective attraction, or that tendency which different species of matter have to unite, and com- bine with certain other bodies, and the power that disposes them to continue in combination. AF-FtRM', v.t. [L, affrmo.] 1. To assert positively ; to tell with confidence ; to aver ; to declare the existence of something ; to maintain as true ; opposed to deny. 2. To make firm ; to establish, confirm or ratify. [oath, AF-FiRM', V. i. To declare solemnly ; to declare as under AF-FiRM'A-BLE, a. That may be asserted or declared, AF-FiRM' A-BLY, adv. In a way capable of affirmation. AF-FiRM' ANCE, n. 1. Confirmation ; ratification. S Declaration : affirmation. [Little used.] AF-FIRM'ANT, n. One who affirms, AF-FiRM- a'TION, n. 1, The act of affirming or asserting as true. 2. That which is asserted ; position declared as true ; averment. 3. Confirmation ; ratification ; an establishing of Vv^hat had been before done or decreed. 4 A solemn declaration made under the penalties of per- jury. AF-FiRM'A-TiVE, a. 1. That affirms, or asserts ; declar atory of what exists ; opposed to negative. 2. Confirm- ative ; ratifying. — 3. In algebra, positive. 4. Positive • dogmatic. \jObs.] Taylor. AF-FiRM' A-TlVE, n. That side of a question which affirms or maintains ; opposed to negative. AF-FiRM' A-TlVE-LY, adv. In an affirmative manner , positively ; on the affirmative side of a question. AF-FiRM ED, (af-furmd') pp. Declared ; asserted ; averred 5 confirmed •, ratified. AF-FiRM'ER, n. One who affinns. AF-FIRM'ING, ppr. Asserting •, declaring positively ; con- firming, AF-FIX', V. t. [L, affigo, affixum.] 1, To unite at the end ; to subjoin, annex, or add at the close. 2, To attach unite, or connect with, 3, To fix or fasten in any manner AF'FIX, n. A syllable or letter added to the end of a word AF-FIX'ED, (af-fixf) pp. United at the end ; annexed attached, AF-FIX'ING, ppr. Uniting at the end ; subjoining ; attach- ing. AF-FIX'ION, n. The act of uniting at the end, or state of being so united. [Little used.] AF-FIXT'URE, n. That which is affixed. AF-FLa'TION, 71, [L. affio, affiatum.] A blowing or breath- ing on, AF-FLa'TUS, 71, [L,] 1, A breath or blast of wind. 2, Inspiration ; communication of divine knowledge, or the power of prophecy. AF-FLICT , V. t. [L. affiigo, affiicto.] 1. To give to the body or mind pain which is continued ; to grieve, or dis- tress. 2. To trouble ; to harass ; to distress. AF-FLICT ED, pp. Affected with continued or often re- peated pain, either of body or mind ; suffering grief or dis- tress of any kind, AF-FLI€T'ED-NESS, n. The state of being afflicted ; but superseded by affliction. AF-FLICT'ER, n. One who afflicts, AF-FLI€T'ING, ppr. Causing continued pain of body or mind •, grieving •, distressing. AF-FLI€T'ING, a. Grievous ; distressing. AF-FL1€T'ING-LY, adv. In an afflicting manner. AF-FLICTION, n. 1. The state of being afflicted ; a state of pain, distress, or grief. 2. The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, calamity, adversity, I>ersecution. AF-FL1€T'IVE, a. Giving pain ; causing continued or re- peated pain or grief; painful ; distressing. AF-FLI€T'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner to give pain. AF'FLU-ENCE, n. [L, affluentia.] 1, Literally, a flowing to. [In this sense it is rarely used.] It is sometimes writ- ten affiuency. — 2, Figuratively, abundance of riches ; wealth, Rogers. AF'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing to ; more generally, wealthy ; abounding in goods or riches ; abundant. AF'FLU-ENT-LY, adv. In abundance ; abundantly. AF'FLUX, n. [L, affluxum.] The act of flowing to ; a flowing to, or that which flows to. AF-FLUX'ION, n. The act of flowing to ; that which flows to. AF'FO-RA. 1. Behind in place. 2. Later in time ; as, after supper. 3. In pursuit of, that is, moving behind, following ; in search of. 4. In imitation of. 5. Accord- ing to. G. According to the direction and influence of. AF'TER, adv. Posterior ; later in time ; as, it was about the space of three hours after. — After is prefixed to many words, foiTOing compounds, but retaining its genuine signification. aF'TER-A€-€OUNT', n. A subsequent reckoning. AF'TER-A€T, n. A subsequent act. AF'TER-a-6ES, n. Later ages ; succeeding XmiQs.— After- age, in the singular, is not improper. Addison. AF'TER-ALL' is a plirase, signifying, when all has been considered, said or done ; at last ; in the final result. Pope. AF'TER-BAND, n. A future band. Milton. AF'TER-BiRTH, v.. The appendages of the fetus, called also seciindines. Wiseman. AF'TER-€LAP, n. An unexpected, subsequent event. Hubbard. aF'TER-€6M'ER, n. A successor. aF'TER-€oM'FORT, 71. Future comfort. Jonson. AF'TER-€0N'DU€T, n. Subsequent behavior. AFTER-€0N-VI€'TI0N, n. Future conviction. AF'TER-€0ST, n. Later cost ; expense after the execution of the main design. Mortimer. AF'TER-€oURSE, n. Future course. Brown. AF'TER-€RCP, 71. The second crop in the same year Mortimer. AFTER-DAYS, n. Future days. Con^reve. AF TER-eAT-AGE, n. Part of the mcrease of the same year. [Local.] Burn. AF'TER-EN-DEAV'OR, 71. An endeavor after the first or former effort. t AF'TER-E'S'E', v. t. To keep one in view. Shak AF'TER-GAME, n. A subsequent scheme, or expedient. Wotton. aF'TER-GUARD, 71. The seaman stationed on the poop of the ship, to attend the after-saDs. AF'TER-HOPE, 71. Future hope. Jonson. AF'TER-HCURS, n. Hours that follow. Shak. AF'TER-IG'NO-RANCE, 7?. Subsequent ignorance. AF'TER-INGS, n. The last milk that can be drawn from a cow •, strokings. Orose. AF'TER-KING, n. A succeeding king. Shuckford. AF'TER-LIFE, n. 1. Future life, or the life after this Drydcn. 2. A later period of life ; subseqtient life. AF'TER-LIV'ER, n. One who lives in succeeding times. Sidney. AF'TEil-LoVE, n. The second or later love. AF'TER-MAL'ICE, n. Succeeding malice. Dryden. AF'TER-MATH, n. A second crop of grass in the same season ; rowen. Holland. AF'TER-MOST, a. superl. In marine language, nearest the stern, opposed to foremost; also, hindmost. AF'TER-NOON, n. The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening. AF'TER-PaINS, n. The pains which succeed child-birth. AF'TER-PART, n. The latter part.— In marine languaga, the part of a ship towards the stern. AFTER-PIeCE, n. A piece performed after a play ; a farces or other entertainment. AF'TER-PROOF, ti. Subsequent proof or evidence ; quali- ties knownVy subsequent experience. AF'TER-RE-PENT'ANCE, n. Subsequent repentance. AF'TER-RE-PORT', n. Subsequent report. South. AF'TER-SAILS, n. The sails on the mizen-mast and stays between the main and mizen-masts. AF'TER-STATE, n. The future state. Qlanville. AF'TER-STING, n. Subsequent sting. Herbert. AF'TER-STORM, n. A succeeding storm. . AF'TER-SUP'PER, n. The time between supper and gouig to bed. Shak. See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;~BULL. UNITE.— € as K , 6 as J ; S as Z 3 CH as SH ; TH aa in this f Ob8olU$. AGE 20 AGG XF'TLR -SWARM, n A swarm of bees which leaves the hive after the first. &F'TER-TAST£, n. A taste w.iich succeeds eating and drinking. AF'TER-THOUGHT, ?!. Reflections after an act; later thought, or expedient occurring too late. AF'TER-TIME, ?i. Succeeding time. Dryden. ?LF'TER-TOSS ING, n. The swell or agitation of the sea after a storm. Addison. X'PJT'EK WART) ) XT'TER- WARDS °'^'"' ^" ^^^^^ ^^ subsequent time. AF'TER-WISE, a. Wise afterwards or too late. AF'TER-WIT, n. Subsequent wit ; wisdom that comes too late. L^EstrauffE AE'TeR-WRATH, 71. Later wrath ; anger after the provo- cation has ceased. Shak. AF'TER-WRI'TER, 71. A succeeding writer. A GA, n In the Turkish domirdons, a commander or chief officer. ♦A-GAIN', (a-gen') adv. [Sax. gean,agen, agean, ongean.] 1. A second time ; once more. 2. It notes something fur- ther, or additional to one or more particulars. — igain and again, often ; with frequent repetition. * A-GAINST', (a-gensf) prep. [Sax. togeanes.l 1. In oppo- sition ; noting enmity or disapprobation. 2. In opposition, noting contrariet}', contradiction, or repugnance. 3. In opposition, noting competition, or different sides or par- ties. 4. In an opposite direction. 5. Opposite in place ; abreast. 6. In opposition, noting adversity, injury, or contrariety to wishes. 7. Bearing upon. 8. In provision for : in preparation for. t AG'A-LAX-Y, 71. Want of milk. AG'AL-LOCH, ) n. Aloes-wood, the product of a tree A-GAL'LO-€HUM, ) growing in China, and some of the Indian isles. AG-AL-MAT'0-LITE, n. [Gr. aya\jxa and X(0os.] A name given by Klaproth to two varieties of the lard stone of China. T AG A-MIST, 7!. One that is unmarried. Coles. A-GAPE', adv. or a. Gaping, as with wonder, expecta- tion, or eager attention ; having the mouth wide open. Milton. AGA-PE, n. [Gr. ayairr].'] Araong the -primitive Christians, a love feast, or feast of charity. AGA-RIC, n. [Gr. aya^iKov.'] In botany, mushroom, a genus of funguses, containing numerous species. A-GaST', or A-GHAST', a. [qu. a contraction of agazed.] Struck with terror, or astonishment ; amazed ; struck si- lent with horror. t A-GaTE', adv. On the way ; going. AG' ATE, n. [Fr. agate.] A class of siliceous, semi-pellucid gems of many varieties, consisting of quartz-crystal, flint, horn-stone, chalcedony, amethyst, jasper, cornelian, heli- otrope, and jade. AG'ATE, n. An instrument used by gold-wire drawers, so called from the agate in the middle of it. AG'A-TINE, a. Pertaining to a^ate. AG'A-TINE, 71. A genus of shells, oval or oblong. AG'A-TlZED, a. Having the colored lines and figures of agate. Fourcroy. AG A-TY, a. Of the nature of agate. Woodward. A-Ga'VE, n. [Gr. ayavog.'] 1. The American aloe. 2. A genus of univalvular shells. t A-GaZE', v. t. To strike with amazement. t A-GaZ'ED, (a-gazd') pp. Struck with amazement. AGE, n. [Fr. age.] 1. The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind, 2. That part of the duration of a being, which is between its beginning and any given time. 3. The latter part of life, or long continued duration ; oldness. 4. A certain period of hu- man life, marked by a difference of state. 5. The period when a person is enabled by law to do certain acts for himself, or when he ceases to be controlled bv parents or guardians ; as, in our countiy, both males and females are of age at twenty-one years old. 6. Mature years ; ripeness of strength or discretion. 7. The time of life for conceiving children. 8. A particular period of time, as distinguished from others ; as, the golden age. 9. The people who live at a particular period ; hence, a genera- tion and a succession of ger.^i ations ; as, ages yet unborn. 10. A century ; the period of one hundred'years. A'6ED, a. 1. Old ; having lived long ; having lived almost the usual time allotted to that species of being ; applied to animals or plants. 2. Having a certain age: having lived ; as, a man aaed forty vears. a'GED, H. Old persons. a'6ED-LY, adv After the manner of an aged person. t A-GEN', for again. a'6EN-CY, 7?. [L. agens.] 1. The quality of moving or of exerting power ; the state of being in action ; action ; op- eration ; instrumentality ; as, the agency of Providence in the natural world. 2. The ofiice of an agent, or factor ; busi- ness of an agent intrusted with the concerns of another. AG'END, A-GEND'UM, n. Matter relating to the service of the church. A-<5END'A, n. [L. things to be done.] A memorandum- book ; the service or office of a church ; a ritual or lit- urgy. a'GENT, a. Acting ; opposed to patient ; as, the body aa-ent. [Little used.] Bacon. A'GfeNT, 71. 1. An actoi ; one that exerts power, or has the power to act. 2. An active power or cause ; that which has the power to produce an effect. 3. A substitute, dep- uty, or factor ; one entrusted with the business of another ; an at torney ; a minister. t A GENT-SHIP, 71. The office of an agent. We now use agency. t AG-6EL-a'TI0N, n [L. gelu.] Concretion of a fluid. Brown. t AG-6EN-ER-A TION, n. [L. ad and generatio.] The state of growing to another. Brown. f AG'GER, n. [L.] A fortress, or mound. Hearne. t AG'GER-ATE, v. t. [L. aggero.] To heap, AG-GER-a'TION, 71. A heaping ; accumulation. Ray. t AG-GER-oSE', a. Full of heaps. AG-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. agglomero.] To wind, 01 collect into a ball ', to gather into a mass. AG-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. i. To gather, grow, or collect into a ball or mass. Thomson. AG-GLOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Wound or collected into a ball. AG-GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Winding into a ball ; gather- ing into a lump. AG-GLOM-ER-a'TION, n. The act of winding into a ball ; the state of being gathered into a ball or mass, AG-GLu'TI-NANT, n. Any viscous substance which unites otlier substances by causing an adhesion 5 any application which tends to unite parts which have too little adhesion Coxe._ AG-GLu'TI-NANT, a. Uniting as glue ; tending to cause adhesion. AG-GLu'TI-NATE, v. t. [L,. agglutino.] To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue ; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances. AG-GLtJ'TI-NA-TED, pp. Glued together. AG-GLu'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Gluing together j uniting by causing adhesion. AG-GLU-TI-Na'TION, 7!. The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance ; the state of being thus united. AG-GLu'TI-NA-TiVE, a. That tends to unite, or has pow- er to cause adhesion. t AG-GRaCF', v. t. To favor. Spenser. f AG-GRaCE', 71. Kindness ; favor. Spenser. AG-GRAN-DI-Za'TION, n. The act of aggrandizing. AG'GRAN-DiZE, v. t. [Fr. agrandir.] 1. To make great or greater in power, rank, or honor ; to exalt. 2. To en- large, applied to things. AG'GRAN-DlZED, pp. Made great or greater 5 exalted ; enlarged, * AG-GRAN'DiZE-MENT, v. The act of aggrandizing ; the state of being exalted in power, rank, or honor ; ex- altation ; enlargement. AG'GRAN-Di-ZER, n. One that aggrandizes or exalts in power, rank, or honor. AG'GRAN-Dl-ZING, ppr. Making great ; exalting •, en- larging. t AG-GRaTE', v. t. [It.] To please. Spenser. t AG'GRA-VA-BLE, a. Making a thing worse. AG'GRA-VATE, v. t. [L. aggravo.] 1, To make heavy, but not used in this literal sense. Figuratively, to make worse, more severe, or less tolerable. 2. To make more enormous, or less excusable. 3. To exaggerate. 4. To give coloring in description ; to give an exaggerated rep- resentation. AG'GRA VA-TED, pp. Increased in severity or enormity ; made worse ; exaggerated. AG'GRA-VA-TING^ 777;r. Increasing in severity, enormity, or degree ; as evils, misfortunes, pain, punishment, crimes, guilt, &c. ; exaggerating. AG-GRA-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of making worse, used of evils, natural or moral -, the act of increasing severity or heinousness ; addition to that which is evil or improper 2. Exaggerated representation, or heightened description of any thing wrong, improper, or unnatural. Addison. AG'GR'E-GATE, v.t. [L,. aggrego.] To bring together ; to collect particulars into a suni, niass, or body. AG'GRE-GATE, a. Formed by a collection of particulars in- to a whole mass or sum. AG'GRE-GATE, n. A sum, mass, or assemblage of particu- lars. AG'GRE-GA-TED, pp. Collected into a sum, mass, or sys- tem, AG'GRE-GATE-LY, adv. Collectively, AG'GRE-GA-TING, ppr. Collecting into a sum or mass. AG-GRE-Ga'TION, 77. 1. The act of aggregating ; the state of being collected into a sum or mass ; a collection of par- ticulars ; an aggregate. — 2. In chemistry, the affinity of aggregation is the power which causes homogeneous * S6«, Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, ©, "y, long— FAR, FALL, WHAT j-PRgY ;— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;- t Obsolete AGN 21 AGR oodies to tend towards each other, and to cohere, when united. 3. TJie union and coherence of bodies of the same nature. AG'GRE-GA-Tl VE, a. Taken together ; collective. AG'GRE-G A-TOR, n. He that collects into a whole or mass. Burton. AG-GRESS', V. i. [L. aggredior, aggressus.'\ To make a first attack ; to commit the first act of hostility or ofiense 5 to begin a quarrel or controversy ; to assault first, or in- vade. t AG-GRESS', 71. Aggression. Hale. AG-GRESS'ING, jipr. Commencing hostility first ; making AG-GRESS'10N,*7i. The first attack, or act of hostility ; the first act of injury, or first act leading to war or contro- versy. AG-GRESS'IVE, a. Tending to aggress ; making the first attack. Clarkson. AG-GRESS'OR, n. The person who first attacks ; he who first commences hostility or a quarrel ; an assaulter ; an invader. AG-GRlK'VANCE, n. Oppression ; hardship ; injury AG-GRIeVE', v. t. 1. To give pain or sorrow ; to afflict. In this sense it is nearly superseded by grieve. 2. To bear hard upon ; to oppress or injure ; to vex or harass. t AG-GRIeVE', v. i. To mourn , to lament. AG-GRIEV'ED, (ag-greevd') pp. Pained ; afflicted ; civilly or politically oppressed. AG-GRIeV'ING, ppr. Afflicting ; iaigosing hardships on ; oppressing. AG-GR5UP', ) ??. «. [Sp. agnipar.] To bring together ; to AG-GROOP', \ group ; to collect many persons into a crowd, or many figures into a whole. AG-GRoUP'ED, ) , „,.„„„tn \ pp. Collected into a group AG-GROOP'ED, \ ^ag-gioopt ) | ^^ assemblage. A-GHAST', or, more correctly, Agast, a. or adv. Struck with amazement 5 stupified with sudden friglit or horror. AGILE, a. [Fr. agile.] Nimble; having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs ; apt or ready to move ; brisk ; active. AG'ILE-NESS, n Nimbleness ;, activity ; the faculty of moving the limbs quickly ; agility. A-6IL'I-TY, n. [L. agilitas.'] The power of moving the limbs quickly ; nimbleness ; briskness ; activity 5 quick- ness of motion. t A-6IL'L0-C(JM, n. Aloes- wood, Quincy. A 6I-O, n. [Ital. aggio.l 1. In commerce, the difierence be- tween bank notes and current coin. 2. Premium ; sum given above the nominal value. A-6IST', V. t. In laiD, to take the cattle of others to graze , to feed or pasture the cattle of others. A-6IST'MENT, n. The taking and feeding of other men's cattle in the king's forest, or on one's own land ; also, the price paid for such feeding. A-GIST'OR, or A6-IS-TA'TOR, n. An officer of the king's forest, who has the care of cattle agisted, and collects the money for the same. AGI-TA-BLE, a. That may be agitated, shaken, or dis- cussed. AG'I-TATE, V. t. [L. agito.] 1. To stir violently ; to put in motion ; to shake or move briskly. 2. To move or force into violent, irregular action. 3. To disturb, or excite in- to tumult. 4. To discuss ; to debate ; to controvert. 5. To consider on all sides ; to revolve in the mind, or view in all its aspects ; to contrive by mental deliberation. A6'I-TA-TED, pp. Tossed from side to side ; shaken ; mov- ed violently and irregularly ; disturbed ; discussed ; con- sidered. AG'I-TA-TING, ppr. Shaking ; moving with violence 5 dis- turbing ; disputing ; contriving. A6-I-Ta'TI0N, n. 1. The act of shaking ; the state of be- ing moved with violence, or with irregular action •, com- motion. 2. Disturbance of tranquility in the mind ; per- V turbation ; excitement of passion. 3. Discussion; exam- ination of a subject in controversy. 4. A state of being deliberated upon, with a view to contrivance, or plan to be adopted. AG-I-TA'TO, in music, denotes a broken style of perform- ance, adapted to awaken surprise or perturbation. \GI-T A-TOR, n. One who agitates ; also, an insurgent ; one who excites sedition or revolt. In CromwelVs time, certain officers, appointed by the army to manage their concerns, were called agitators. A.G'LET, or aIG'LET, n. [Fr. aiguillette.] 1. A tag of a point curved into the representation of an animal, gener- ally of a man ; a small plate of metal. — ^2. In botany, a pendant at the ends of the chives of flowers, as in the rose and tulip. AG'LET-BA-BY, n. A small image on the top of a lace. Shak. AG'MI-NAL, a. [L agmen.] Pertaining to an army or troop. [Little used.] AG'xVAIL, n. A disease of the nail ; a whitlow ; an inflam- mation round the nail. AG^NATE, a. fL. agnatus.] Related or akin by the father's side. AG 'NATE, n. Any male relation by the father's side, Encyc. AG-NAT'I€, a. Pertaining to descent by the male line of ancestors. Blackstone. AG-Na'TION, 71. Relation by the father's side only, or de- scent in the male line, distinct from cognation, which in- cludes descent in the male and female lines. AG'NEL, 71. [from agnus.] An ancient French coin, value twelve sols, six deniers. AG-NI"TI0N, 71. [L. agnitio.] Acknowledgment. [Little id.] Pearson. -NiZE , V. t. To acknowledge. Shak. tAG AG-NOM'I-NATE, v t. [L. agnomina.] To name. [LMle used.] AG-NOM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. agnomen.] 1. An additional name, or title ; a name added to another, as expressive of some act, achievement, &c, ; a surname. 2. Allusion of one word to another by sound. AGNUS €ASiTUS. A species of vitex, so called from ita imagined virtue of preserving chastity. AG'NUS De'I, [Latnb of Ood.] In the Romish church, a cake of wax stamped with the figure of a lamb, support- ing the banner of the cross. AG'NUS SCYTH'I-€US. [Scythian lamb.] A name appli- ed_to the roots of a species of fern. A-Go', adv. or a. [Sax. agan.] Past ; gone ; as, a year ago A-GOG', adv. [Fr. agogo ] In a state of desii-e ; highly ex- cited by eagerness after an object. A-Go'ING, In motion ; as, to set a mill agoing. t a'GON, n. [Gr.] The contest for the prize. A-GONW, pp. Ago ; past ; since. [JVearly obs.] AG'O-NISM, n. [Gr. aywvtff/^oj .] Contention for a prize. AG'0-NIST, n. One who contends for the prize in public games. Milton has used Asonistes in this sense. AG-0-NIST'I€, } a. Pertaining to prize-fighting, con- AG-0-NIST'I-€AL, \ tests of strength, or athletic combats Enfield. AG-0-NIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In an agonistic manner ; like prize-fighting. AG'O-NIZE, V. i. [Gr. aywvi^o).] To writhe with extreme pain ;_to suffer violent anguish. Pope. AG'O-NiZE, V. t. To distress with extreme pain ; to tor- ture. Pope. AG'O-Nl-ZING, 7?pr. Suffering severe pain ; writhing with torture. AG'O-Nl-ZING-LY, adv. With extreme anguish. t AG-0-NO-THeTE', n. A judge of masteries in activity. t AG-0-N0-THET'I€, a. Presiding at public games. AG'O-NY, 7(. [Gr, aywv.] 1. In strictness, pain so extreme as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to those made in the athletic contests in Greece. Hence, 2. Extreme pain of body or mind ; anguish ; appropri ately, the pangs of death, and the sufferings of our Savior in the garden of Gethsemane. Luke xxii. 3. Violent con- • test or striving. Mm-e. 1;A-GOOJ)<, adv. In earnest. Skak. A-GOU'TY, 7i. [qu, Sp, agudo.] A quadruped of the order rodeiitia, of the size of a rabbit, t A-GRAM'MA-TIST, 71, An illiterate man. A-GRa'RI-AN, a. [L. agrari^LS.] Relating to lands. Ap- propriately, denoting or pertaining to an equal division of lands ; as, the agrarian laws of Rome, which distributed the conquered and other public lands equally among all the citizens, A-GREE , 71. i. [Fr, agreer.] 1. To be of one mind ; to har- monize in opinion. 2. To live in concord, or without contention. 3. To yield assent ; to approve or admit ; fol- lowed by to. 4. To settle by stipulation, the minds of parties being agreed as to the terms. 5. To come to a compromise of differences ; to be reconciled. 6. To come to one opinion or mind ; to concur ; as, to agree on a place of meeting. 7. To be consistent ; to harmonize ; not to contradict, or be repugnant. 8. To resemble ; to be sim ilar. 9, To suit ; to be accommodated or adapted to. A-GREE', V. t. To admit, or come to one mind concerning , as, to agree the fact. Also, to reconcile or make friends ; to put an end to variance ; but these senses are unusual, and hardly legitimate. j A-GREE-A-BIL'I-TY, ??. Easiness of disposition. Chaucer A-GREE' A-BLE, a. ]. Suitable; conformable; con-espond ent ; consistent with, 2. In pursuance of; in conformity with. 3. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses ; as, agree- able manners. A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, v. I , Suitableness ; conformity; consistency. 2. The quality of pleasing ; that quality which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind or senses. 3. Resemblance ; likeness. Obs. A-GREE' A-BLY, adv. I. Pleasingly ; in an agreeable man- ner ; in a manner to give pleasure. 2. Suitably ; consist- ently ; conformably. 3. Alike ; in the same manner. Obov and jxavTeia.} A kind of divination by meal. A-LEU'TIAN, ) a. Designating certain isles in the Pacific A-LEu'TI€, ) ocean, eastward of Kamtschatka. AL-EX-AN'DEBS, n. The name of a plant, AL-EX-aN'DER'S FOOT, n. The name of a plant. AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Alexandria. AL-EX-AN'DRiNE, or AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, n. A kind of verse, consisting of twelve syllables, or of twelve and thirteen alternately. A-LEX-I-PHAR'MI€, or A-LEX-I-PHAR'MI-€AL, a. [Gr a\e^(x) and (papj-iaKov.] Expelling poison ; antidotal ; sudo- rific ; that has the quality of expelling poison or infection by sweat. A-LEX-l-PnAR'MI€, n. A medicine that is intended to obviate the efiiects of poison ; an antidote to poison or in- fection. A-LEX-I-TER'I€, A-LEX-I-TE'RI-AL, or A-LEX-I-TER'- I-€AL, a. [Gr. aXe^u) and StiXrjrripiov.'] Resisting poison ; obviating the effects of venom. A-LEX-I-TER'I€, n. A medicine to resist the effects of poison, nearly synonymous with alexipharmic. AL'GA, n. [L.] Sea-weed. AL'GA-ROT, or AL'GA-ROTH, n. The name of an emetic powder. •j- AL'GaTES, adv. On any terms ; every way. AL'GE-BRA, n. [Ar.] The science of quantity in general, or universal arithmetic. Algebra is a general method of computation, in which signs and symbols, which are com- monly the letters of the alphabet, are made to represent numbers and quantities. It takes an unknown quantity sought, as if granted ; and, by means of one or more quantities given, proceeds till the quantity supposed is discovered, by some other known quantity to which it is equal. AL-6E-BRa'I€, ) a. Pertaining to algebra ; containmg AL- GE-BR a'I-€ AL, ) an operation of algebra, or deduced from suchoperation. AL-GE-BRa'IST, 71. One who is versed in the science of algebra. AL'GE-NEB, 71. A star of the second magnitude. AL-GE-RINE', n. A native of Algiers. AL-GE-RiNE', a. Belonging to Algiers t AL'GID, a. [L. algidus.] Cold. { IlIiD-NeS, I «• C^"'^»^«« 5 cold. t AL-GIF'I€, a. Producing cold. AL'GOL, 71. A fixed star of the third magnitude. AL'GOR, 71. [Lat.] Among physicians, an unusual coldness in any part of the body. AL'GO-RITHM, or AL'GO-RISM, n. An Arabic term, sig- nifying numerical computation, or the six operations of arithmetic. t AL-GoSE', a. Extremely cold. AL'GOUS, a. [Ij. alga.] Pertaining to sea-weed ; abound- ing with, or like sea-weed. AL-GUA-ZlL', (al-gwa-zeeU) n. [Sp.] An inferior officer of justice. AL-HEN'NA, 71. SeeALKENNA. a'LI-AS, [L.] Otherwise; as in this example— Simson, alias Smith ; a word used in judicial proceedings. a'LI-AS, 71. A second writ, or execution, issued when the first has failed to enforce the judgment. AL'I-Bl, 71. [L.] Elsewhere ; in another place ; a law term. When a person is charged with an offense, and he proves that he could not have committed it, because he was, at the time, in another place, he is said to prove an alibi. t AL'I-BLE, a. Nutritive ; nourishing. AL'IEN, (ale'-yen) a. [L. alienus.] 1. Foreign ; not belonging to the same country, land or government. * See Synopsis. A, K, T, 0, XJ, "9 long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— ' IN, MAEiNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. ALK 25 ALL 2. Belonging to one who is not a citizen. 3. Estranged ; foreign ; not allied ; adverse to. AL lEN, (ale'yen) n. A foreigner ; one bom in, or belong- ing to, another country ; one who is not entitled to the privileges of a citizen. AL'TEN, (ale'yen) 1 v. t. [L. alieno.] 1. To transfer AL-iENE', (ale-yeen') \ title or property to another ; to sell. 2. To estrange ; to make averee or indifferent. — In this sense, it is more common to use alienate. aL-IEN-A-BIL'1-TY, (ale'yen-a-Ml'e-te) n. The capacity of being alienated or transferred. Burke. AL'IEN-A-BLE, (ale'yen-a-bl) a. That may be sold, or transferred to another. aL'IEN-A6E, (ale'yen-aje) n. The state of being an alien. Story. aL'IEN-ATE, (ale'yen-ate) v. t. [L. alieno.] 1. To trans- fer title, property or right to another. 2. To estrange ; to withdraw, as the affections ; to make indifferent or averse, where lovft or friendship before subsisted. AL'IEN-ATE, a. [L. alienatus.] Estranged ; withdrawn from ; strangei to. t aL'IEN-ATE, 71. A stranger ; an alien AL-IEN-A'TION, (ale yen-a'shun) n. [L. alicnatio.] 1. A transfer of title ; oi a legal conveyance of property to another. 2. The statt" of being alienated. 3. A with- drawing or estrangeme n. 4. Delirium ; derangement of mental faculties ; insan 'y. Hooker. AL'IEN-A-TOR, n. One tl.at alienates or transfers property. Warton. AL-IEN-EE', 71. One to whom the title to property is trans- ferred. Blackstone. AL'IEN-ISM, n. Alienage. JV. Y. Reports. A-LlFE', adv. On my life. Shak. A-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ala and /ero.] Having wings. AL'I-FORM, a. [L. ala and forma.'] Having the shape of a wing. A-LI6'ER-0US, a. [L. ala and gero.] Having wings. A-LIGGE'. See Alegge. A-LlGHT', (a-lite') v. i. [Sax. alihtan.] 1. To get down or descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage. 2. To descend and settle. 3. To fall or descend and lodge. ' A-LiKE', a. [Sax. gelic] Having resemblance or simili- tude ; similar. A-LiKE', adv. In the same manner, form or degree. A-LlKE'-MlND-ED, a. Having the same mind. AL'I-MENT, 71. [L. alimentum.] That which nourishes ; food ; nutriment. AL-l-MENT'AL, a. Supplying food ; that has the quality of nomishing. AL-I-JVIENT'AL-LY, adv. So as to serve for nourishment or food. AL-I-MENT'A-RI-NESS, n. The quality of supplying nu- triment. AL-I-MENT A-RY, a. Pertaining to aliment or food ; hav- ing the quality of nourishing. AL-I-MENT -A 'TION, n. 1 . The act or power of affording nutrirnent. 2. The state of being nourished. Johnson. AL-I-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Nourishmg ; affording food. [Little used.] ALT-MO-NY, n. [L. alimonia.] An allowance made for the support of a woman, legally separated from her husband. Blackstone. AL'I-PED, a. [L. aZa and pes.] Wing-footed ; having the toes connected by a membrane, which serves as a wing. A L'l-PED, 7^. An animal whose toes are connected by a membrane, and which thus serve for wings ; a cheiropter ; as the bat. Dumeril. AL'I-Q,UANT, a. [L. aliquantum.] In arithmetic, an ali- quant number or part is that which does not measure another number without a remainder. Thus 5 is an ali- quant part of 16. AL'I-QUOT, a. [L.] An aliquot part of a number or quan- tity is one which will measure it without a remainder. Thus 5 is an aliquot part of 15. A'LISH, a. Like ale ; having the qualities of ale. t AL'I-TURE, 71. Nourishment. A-LlVE', a. [Sa.x.gelifiav.] 1. Having life, in opposition to dead ; living. 2. In a state of action ; unextinguish- ed ; undestroyed •, unexpired ; in force or operation. 3. Cheerful ; sprightly ; lively ; full of alacrity. 4. Suscep- tible ; easily impressed ; having lively feelings. AL'KA-HEST, n. [At.] A universal dissolvent ; a men- struum capable of dissolvine; every body. AL-KA-LES'CEN-CY, n. A tendency to become alkaline 5 or a tendency to the properties of an alkali. Ure. AL-KA-LES'CENT, a. Tending to the properties of an al- kali ; slightly alkaline. *ALKA-Lt,7i. ,• phi. Alkalies. [Ar.] In chemiMni, a term applied to all bodies which possess the following proper- ties : 1. a caustic taste ; 2. being volatilizable by beat ; 3. capability of combining with acids, and of destroying their acidity •, 4. solubility in water, even when combined with carbonic acid ; 5. capability of converting vegetable blues to green. Thomson. AL'KA-LI-F5^, V. t. To form, or to convert into an alkali- AL'KA-LI-F?^, V. i. To become an alkali. AL-KA-Ll6'E-NOUS, a. [alkali, and Or. yevvaw.] Produc- ing or generating alkali. AL-KA-LIM'E-TER, 71. [alkali, and Gr. uerpov.] An in strument for ascertaining the strength of alkalies. Ure AL'KA-LINE, a. Having the properties of alkali. AL-KA-LIN'I-TY n. The quality which constitutes an al- kali. Thomson. AL-Ka'LI-OUS, a. Having the qualities of alkali. Kinnier f AL'KA-LI-ZATE, a. Alkaline ; impregnated with alkali. Boyle. t AL'KA-LI-ZATE, v. t. To make bodies alkaline. AL-KAL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of rendering alkaline by impregnating with an alkali. AL'KA-LIZE, V. t. To make alkaline ; to communicate the properties of an alkali to, by mixture. AL'KA-NET, 7?. The plant bugloss. AL-KE-KEN'6l,7i. The winter cherry. AL-KENNA, or AL-HEN'NA, n. Egyptian privet AL-KERMES, n. [Ar.] In pharmacy, a compound cor- dial, derived from the kermes berries. AL-KER'VA, 71. An Arabic name of the palma Christi. Qvmcy. AL'KO-RAN, 71. [Ar. al, the, and koran, book. The Book, by way of eminence, as we say, the Bible.] The book which contains the Mohammedan doctrines of faith and practice. AL-KO-RAN'ISH, a. Relating to the Alkoran. AL'KO-RAN-IST, n. One who adheres strictly to the lettei of the Alkoran, rejecting all comments. The Persians are generally Alkoranists ; the Turks, Arabs, and Tartars ad- mit a multitude of traditions. AL-KUS'SA, n. A fish of the silurus kind. ALL, (awl) a. [Sax. eal ; Dan. al ; G. all ; Sw. all.] 1. Ev- ery one, or the whole number of particulars. 2. The whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or de- gree. ALL, adv. Wholly ; completely ; entirely. ALL, n. 1. The whole number. 2. The whole •, the en "tire thing; the aggregate amount. This adjective is much used as a noun, and applied to persons or things. — .dll in all is a phrase which signifies, all things to a per- son, or every thing desired. — ^t all is a phrase much used by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative or interrogative sentences. He has no ambition at all ; that is, not in the least degree. — Ml, in composition, en- larges the meaning, or adds force to a word ; and it is generally more empbatical than most. In some instan- ces, all is incorporated into words, as in almighty, al- ready, always ; but in most instances, it is an adjective prefixed to other words, but separated by a hyphen. ALL-ABAN'DONED, a. Abandoned by all. ALL-AB-HOR'RED, a. Detested by all. Shak. ALL-Ae-€OM'PLISHED, a. Fully accomplished ; whose " education is highly finished. ALL-AD-MIR'ING, a. Wholly admiring. Shak. ALL-AD-VlS'ED, a. Advised by all. Warhurton. ALL-AP-PRoVED, a. Approved by all. More. ALL-A-ToN'ING, a. Atoning for all. Dryden. ALL-BEaR'ING, a. Producing every thing ; omniparous ALL-BEAU'TE-OUS, a. Perfectly beautiful. Pope. ALL-BE-HoLD'ING, a. Beholding all things. ALL-BLAST'ING, a. Blasting all ; defaming or destroying all. Mnrston. ALL-BOUN'TE-OUS, ) a. Perfectly bountiful ; of infinite ALL-BOUN'Tl-FUL, \ bounty. ALL-CHaNG'ING, a. Perpetually changing. Shak. ALL-CHEER'ING, a. That cheers all ; that gives gayety "or cheerfulness to all. Shak. ALL-€OM-MAND'ING, a. Having command or sovereign- "" ty over all. Raleigh. ALL-€OM-PLY'ING, a. Complying in every respect. ALL-€OM-PoS'lNG, a. That makes all tranquil or peace- ful. Crashain. ALL-€OM-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. Comprehending all things. Olanville. _ ALL-€ON-CeAL'ING, a. Hiding or concealing all. ALL-€ON'aUER-INfr, a. That subdues all. Milton. ALL-CON serous, a. Conscious of all ; all-knowing. ALL-€ON-STRaIN ING, a. Constraining all. Drayton. ALL-CON-SuM ING, a. That consumes or devours all. ALL-DaR'ING, a. Daring to attempt every thing. Jonson. ALL-DE-STROY'ING, a. Destroying every thing. Fan sham. ALL-DEV'AS-TA-TING, a. Wasting every thing. ALL-DE-VOUR'TNG, a. Eating or consuming all. Pope ALL-DIM'MING, a. Obscuring every thing. Marston. ALTi-DIS-€6V'ER-ING, a. Discovering or disclosing eveiy " thing. More. ALL-DTS-GRA'CED, a. Completely disgraced. Shak. ALL-DIS-PENS'ING, a. Dispensing all things ; affording dispensation or pennission. Milton. ALL-Dl-ViNE', a. Supremely excellent. Howell. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE •— BI.'LL, UXfTE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in thin Obsolete ALL 26 ALL-DI-VIN'ING, a. Foretelling all things. Fanshaw ALL-DREAD'ED, a. Dreaded by all. Shak. ALL-EF-FI"CIENT, a. Of perfect or unlimited efficacy or ettieiency. ALI^ EL'O-aUENT, a. Eloquent in the highest degree. ALL-EM-BPiA'ClNG, a. Embracing all things. Crashaw. ALL-END'ING, a. Putting an end to all things. Shak. ALL-EN-LlGHT'EN-lNG, a. Enlightening all things. ALL-EN-Ra GKD, a. Highly enraged. Hall. ALL-FLa MING, a. Flaming in all directions. Beaumont. ALL-F50LS'DAY, 71. The first of April. ALL-FOR-GIV ING, a. Forgiving or pardoning all. ALL-FoURS, n. A game at cards, played by two or four persons. — To go on all fours is to move or walk on four legs, or on the two legs and two arms. ALL-GIV!ER, 71. The Giver of all things. Milton. ALL-GOOD', a. Completely good. Dryden. ALL-G66D', 71. The name of the plant good-Henry. ALL-GRa'CIOUS, a. Perfectly gracious. ALL-GUlD'ING, a. Guiding or conducting all things. 4LL-Ha1L', excl. [all, and Sax. heel, health.] All health ; a phrase of salutation, expressing a wish of all health or safety to the person addressed. ALL-HAL'LOW, ) n. All Saints' day, the first of Novem- ALL-HAL'LOWS, ) ber ; a feast dedicated to all the saints in general. ALL-HAL'LOW-TIDE, 71. The time near All Saints, or November first. ALL-HAP'PY, a. Completely happy. ALL-HeAL', n. The popular name of several plants. ALL-HeAL'ING, a. Healing all things. Selden. ALL-HELP'ING, a. Assisting all. Selden. ALL-HiD'ING, a. Concealing all things. Shak. ALL-HON'ORED, a. Honored by all. Shak. ALL-HURT'_ING, a. Hurting all things. Shak. ALL-i'DOL-I-ZFNG, a. Worshiping everything. Crashaw. ALL-IM't-TA-TING, a. Imitating every thing. More. ALL-IN-FORM'ING, a. Actuating all by vital powers. ALL-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Interesting in the highest de- gree. ALL-IN-TER'PRET-ING,a. Explaining all things. Milton. ALL-JUDG'TNG, a. Judging all possessing the sovereign " right of judging. Rome. ALL-JUST', a. Perfectly just. ALL-KiND', a. Perfectly kind or benevolent. ALL-KNoW'ING, a. Having all knowledge ; omniscient. Atterbury. ALL-Ll'CENSED, a. Licensed to every thing. Shak. ALL-LqV'ING, a. Of infinite love. More. 4LL-Ma'KING, a. Making or creating all ; omnific. Drvden, ALL-\IA-TuR'ING, a. Maturing all things. Dryden. ALL MER'CI-FUL, a. Of perfect mercy or compassion. ALL-MUR'DER-ING, a. Killing or destroying every thing. ALL-O-BE'Dt-ENT, a. Entirely obedient. Crashaxo. ALL-0-REY'ING, a. Receiving obedience from all. ALT^-OB-LIV'I-OQS, a. Causing total oblivion. Shak. ALL-OB-S€CR'ING, a. Obscuring every thing. King. ALL-Pa'TIENT, a. Enduring every thing without mur- "murs. ALT^PEN'E-TRA-TING, a. Penetratmg every thing. ALL-PER'FE€T, a. Completely perfect. ALL-PER'FE€T-NESS, 71. The perfection of the whole 5 entire perfection. More, ALL-PIE R'CING, a. Piercing every thing. Marston. ALL-POW'ER-FUL, a. Almighty ; omnipotent. Swi/i. ALI^PRaIS'ED, a. Praised by all. Shak. ALL-RtJL'ING, a. Governing all things. Milton. ALL-SA-Ga'CIOUS, a. Having all sagacity ; of perfect dis- cernment. ALL-SaINTS'-DAY, 71. The first day of November, called " also all-hallnws ; a feast in honor of all the saints. ALL-SANC'TI-F-f-ING, a. Sanctifying the whole. West. ALL-SaV'ING, a. Saving all. Selden. ALL-SEARCH'ING, a. Pervading and searching every thing. South. ALL-SEE'ING, a. Seeing every thing. Dryden. ALL-SEER', 71. One that sees everv thing. Shah. ALL-SHaK'ING, a. Shaking all things. Shak. ALL-SHUN'NED, a. Shunned by all. Shak. ALL-SoULS'-DAY, n. The second day of November ; a "feast or solemnity held by the church of Rome, to suppli- cate forthe souls of the faithful deceased. ALL'-SPiCE, 72. The berry of the pimento. ALL-STJF-FX"CIEN-CY, n. Complete or infinite ability. ALL-SUF-Fl"CIENT, a. Sufficient to every thing •, infinite- "ly able. Hooker. ALL-SUF-Fi"CIENT, n. The all-sufficient Being ; God. ALL-SUR-ROUNIVING, a. Encompassing the whole. ALL-SUR-VEY'ING, n. Surveying every thhig. ALL-SUS-TaIN'ING, a. Upholding all things. ALL-TELL'ING, a. Telling or divulging every thing. ALL-TRiUMPH-ING, a. Triumphant every where or " over all. Jonson. ALL ALL-WATCH'ED, a. Watched throughout. Shak. ALL- WISE', a. Possessed of infinite wisdom. South. ALL-WIT'TED, a. Having all kinds of wit. Jonson. ALL-W6R'SHIPED, a. Worshiped or adored by all. ALL-W6R'THY, a. Of infinite worth; of the highest " worth. AL'LA-GITE, n. A mineral. AL'LAN-ITE, n. A mineral. A siliceous oxyd of cerium AL-LAN-TOIS', or AL-LAN-TOID', n. [Gr. aWas and eiSos.] A thin membrane, situated between the chorion and amnios in quadrupeds. t AL'LA-TRATE, v. t. [L. allatro.] To bark, as a dog. AL-LaY', v. t. [Sax. alecgan, alegan.] 1. To make quiet ; to pacify, or appease. 2. To abate, mitigate, subdue, or destroy. 3. To obtund or repress as acrimony. 4. For- merly, to reduce the purity of ; as, to allay metals. But, in this sense, alloy is now exclusively used. See Alloy! ALLaY', n. 1. Formerly J a baser metal mixed with a finer ; but, in this sense, it is now written alloy, which see. 2. That which allays, or abates the predominant qualities. JVewton. AL-LAY'ED, (al-lade') pp. Layed at rest ; quieted ; tran - quilized ; abated ; [reduced by mixture. Obs.'] AL-LAY'ER, 71. He, or that, which allays. AL-LaY'ING, ppr. Quieting ; reducing to tranquillity ; abathig ; [reducing by mixture. Obs.'\ AL-LaY'MENT, n. The act of quieting ; a state of rest af- ter disturbance ; abatement ; ease. Shak. AL'LE, (al'ly) n. The little auk, or black and white diver. t AL-LECT', V. t. To entice. Huloet's Diet. t AL-LE€T-A'TION, n. Allurement ; enticement. Coles. t AL-LECT IVE, a. Alluring. Chaucer. t AL-LE€T'IVE, n. Allurement. Eliot. AL-LEDGE , (al-ledj') v. t. [L. allego.} 1. To declare ; to affirm ; to assert ; to pronounce with positiveness. 2. To produce as an argument, plea, or excuse ; to cite or quote. t AL-LED6E'A-BLE, a. That may be alledged. Brown. AL-LED6'ED, (al-ledjd') pp. Affirmed ; asserted, whether as a charge or a plea. t AL-LEDGE'MENT, 71. Allegation. AL-LED6 ER, n. One who affirms or declares. AL-LEDfrING, ppr. Asserting ; averring ; declaring. AL-LE-Ga'TION, 71. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion or declaration. 2. That which is aff.rmed or asserted ; that which is offered as a plea, excuse, or justification. — 3. In ecclesiastical courts, declaration of charges. AL-LE6E'. See Alledge. AL-Le'6E-AS, or AL-LE'6l-AS, n. A stuff manufactured in the East Indies. fAL-LEGE^MENT, 71. Allegation. AL-LE-GHa'NE-AN, a. Pertaining to the mountains call- ed Alleghany, or Allegheiiny. AL-LE-GHa'NY, 71. The chief ridge of the great chains of mountains which run from N. E. to S. W. through the Middle and Southern States of North America. AL-Le'GI-ANCE, 71. [old Fr., from L. a^ZiVo.] The tie or obligation of a subject to his prince or government ; the duty of fidelity to a king, government, or state. fAL-LE'Gl-ANT, a. Loyal. Shak. AL-LE-GOR'I€, \ a. In the manner of allegory ; figura- AL-LE-GOR'I-CAL, S live. AL-LE-GOR'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a figurative manner ; by way of allegory. AL-LE-GOR'I-€AL-NESS, 71. The quality of being allegori- cal. AL'LE-GO-RIST, n. One who teaches in an allegorical man- ner. Whiston. AL'LE-GO-RiZE, v. t. 1. To form an allegory ; to turn in- to allegory. 2. To understand in an allegorical sense. AL'LE-GO-RiZE, v. i. To use allegory. AL'LE-GO-RiZED, pp. Turned into allegory. AL'LE-GO-Rl-ZING, ppr. Turning into allegory, or un- derstanding in an allegorical sense. AL'LE-GO-RY, 71. [Gr. aWyjyopia.'j A figurative sentence or discourse, in which the principal subject is described by another subject resembling it in its properties and cir- cumstances. The principal subject is thus kept out of view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writ- er or speaker, by the resemblance of the secondary to the primary subject. Allegory is in words what hieroglyph- ics are in painting. We have a fine example of an alle- gory in die eightieth psalm. AL-LE-GRET'TO, [from allegro,] denotes, in music, a movement or time quicker than andante, but not so quick as allecrro. Busby. AL-Le'GRO. \ It. merry, cheerful.] In trmsjc, a word de- noting a brisk movement ; a sprightly part or strain. AL-LE-LtJ'IAH, n. [Heb Hi ^hbn.] Praise to Jehovah ; a word used to denote pious joy and exultation, chiefly in hymns and anthems. AL-LE-MAND', n. A slow air in common time, or grave, solemn music, with a slow movement. Also a brisk dance S« Synopsis. A, E, T, 5, U, ^, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY -—PIN, MARiNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. ALL 27 ALL AL-LE-MAN'N[€, a. Belonging to the Memanni, ancient Germans, and to Alemannia, their country. AL-LERION, n. In heraldry^ an eagle without beak or feet, with expanded wings. AL-LE-VEfjR', n. A small Swedish coin. AL-Le'VI-ATE, v. t. [Low L. allevio.] 1. To make light ; but always in a figurative sense. To remove in part ; to lessen •, to mitigate ; applied to evils ; as, to alleviate sor- row^ 2. To make less by representation ; to extenuate AL-Le'VI-A-TED, pp. Made lighter ', mitigated ; eased v extenuated. AL-Le'VI-A-TING, ppr. Making lighter, or more tolera- ble ; extenuating. AL-LE-VI-aTIOxV, n. 1. The act of lightening, allaying, or extenuating ; a lessening, or mitigation. 2. Tliat which lessens, mitigates, or makes more tolerable. ■f AL-Le'VI-A-TiVE, ?!. That which mitigates. AL'LEY, (al'ly) n. [Fr. allee.] 1. A walk in a garden ; a narrow passage. 2. A narrow passage or way in a city, as distinct from a public street. AL-LI-a'CEOUS, a. [L. allium.] Pertaining to allium, or garlic. Barton. AL-Ll'ANCE, n. [Fr. alliance.] 1. The relation or union between families, contracted by marriage. 2. The union between nations, contracted by compact, treaty, or league. 3. The treaty, league, or compact, wliich is the instru- ment of confederacy. 4. Auy union or connection of in- terests between persons, families, states, or corporations. 5. The persons or parties allied. .Addison. t AL-LT'ANT, n. An ally. Wotton. AL-Ll"CrEN-CY, n. [lu. allicio.] The power of attracting any thing ; attraction ; magnetism. Qlanville. {Little used.] t AL-Li"CIENT, n. That which "ttracts. AL-LI'ED, (al-lide') pp. Connected by marriage, treaty, or similitude. AL'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. alligu.] To tie together ; to unite by some tie. AL-LI-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of tying together. [Little uised.] 2. A rule of arithmetic, for finding the price or value of compounds consisting of ingredients of different values. AL-LI-Ga'TOR, n. [Sp. lagarto.] The American crocodile. AL-LI-Ga'TOR-PEaR, n. A West India fruit. AL-LIG'A-TURE, n. See Ligature, which is the word in use. AL-LlNE'MENT, n. [Fr. alignement.] A reducing to a line, or to a square ; a line ; a row. Asiat. Res. AL'LI-OTH, n. A star in the tail of the great bear. AL-LIS'ION, (al-lizh'un) n. ['L.aUido.] A striking against. Wood?nard. AL-LIT-ER-A'TION, n. [L. ad and liter a.] The repeti- tion of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short in- tervals. AL-LIT'ER-A-TiVE, a. Pertaining to, or consisting in, al- literation. AL-LO-€a'TION, n. ['L.ada.nd locatio.] The act of putting one thing to another ; hence its usual sense is the admis- sion of an article of account, or an allowance made upon an account ; a term used in the English exchequei . AL'L0-€HR0-ITE, n. An amorphous, massive, opake min- eral, found in Norway. AL-LO-€u'TION, n. [L. allocutio.] 1. The act or manner of speaking to. 2. An address ; a formal address. .Addi- son. [Rarely used.] AL-Lo'DI-AL, a. Pertaining to allodium ; held independ- ent of a lord paramount ; opposed to feudal. AL-Lo'DI-AN is sometimes used, but not authorized. AL-LoDI-UM, n. [Fr. alien.] Freehold estate ; land which is the absolute property of the owner ; real estate held in absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, service, or acknowledgment to a superior It is thus op- posed to feud. In England, there is no allodial land, all land being held of the king ; but in the United States, most lands are allodial. AL-LoNGE', (al-lunj') n. [Fr. allonger.] 1. A pass with a sword ; a thrust made by stepping forward and extend- ing the arm ; a term used in fencing, often contracted into lunge. 2. A long rein, when a horse is trotted in the hand. Johnson. AL-LOO , v.t. or i. To incite dogs by a call. See Hal- loo. AL'LO-PHAIN'E, n [Gr. aWos.] A mineral. f AL'LO-dUY, 71 Address; conversation. AL-LOT', V. t. [ci ad and lot.] 1. To divide or distribute by lot. 2 To distribute, or parcel out in parts or por- tions ; or lo distribute a share to each individual concern- ed. 3. To grant, as a portion ; to give, assign, or appoint In general. AL-LOT'MENT, n 1. That which is allotted ; a share, part, or portion granted or distributed •, that which is as- signed by lot. 2. A part, portion, or place appropriated. AL-LOT'TED, pp. Distributed by lot ; granted ; assigned. AL-LOT'TER-Y ia used by Shakspeare for allotment, bul is not authorized by usage. AL-LOT'TING, ppr. Distributing by lot ; giving as por- tions ; assigning. AL-LOW, V. t. [Fr. allouer.] I. To grant, give, or yield 2. To admit ; to own or acknowledge. 3. To approve, justify, or sanction. 4. To afford, or grant as a Ck »npen- sation. 5. To abate or deduct. 6. To pern^'t ; to grant license to. AL-LOVV'A-BLE, a. That may bd permitted as lawful, or admitted as true and propt' ; not forbid ; not unlawful oi improper. AL-LOW A-BLE-NESS, n The quality of being allowable ; lawfulness. AL-LOW' A-BLY, adv. In an allowable manner. AL-LOW ANCE, 71. 1. The act of allowmg. 2. Permission ; license ; approbation ; sanction ; usually slight approba- tion. 3. Admission •, assent to a fact or state of things • a granting. 4. Freedom from restraint ; indulgence. 5. That which is allowed •, a portion appointed ; a stated quantity, as of food or drink ; hence, in seamen's lan- guage, a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provis- ions" fall sl.ort. 6. Abatement ; deduction. 7, Establish- ed charac+cr ; reputation. [Obs.] Shak. AL-LOW'ANCE, v. t. To put upon allowance ; to restrain or limit to a certain quantity of provisions or drink. AL-LOW'ED, (al-lowd') pp. Granted ; permitted : assented to ; admitted ; approved ; indulged ; appointed ; abated. AL-LOW'ER, n. One that approves or authorizes. AL-LOW'ING, ppr. Granting ; permitting ; admitting ; ap- proving ; indulging ; deducting. AL-LOY', V. t. [Fr. allier.] 1. To reduce the purity of a metal, by mixing with it a portion of one less valuable. 2. To mix metals. Lavoisier. 3. To reduce or abate by mixture. AL-LOY', n. 1. A baser metal mixed with a finer. 2. The mixture of different metals ; any metallic compound. 3. Evil mixed with good. AL-LOY'AGE, n. [Fr. alliage.] 1. The act of alloying met- als, or the mixture of a baser metal with a finer, to reduce Its purity •, the act of mixing metals. 2. The mixture of different metals. Lavoisier. AL-LOY'ED, (al-loyd') pp. Mixed ; reduced in purity ; de- based ; abated by foreign mixture. AL-LOY'ING, ppr. Mixing a baser metal with a finer, tt« reduce its purity. ALL'SPlCE. See under the compounds of aZL ALLS, n. All one's goods. A vulgarism. fAL-LU-BES'CEN-CY, n. Willingness ; content. AL-LtJDE', V. i. [L. alludo.] To refer to something not di rectly mentioned ; to have reference ; lo hint at by re mote suggestions. AL-LuD'ING, ppr. Having reference , hinting at. AL-LtJ'MI-NOR, 11. [Fr. allumer.] One who colors or paints upon paper or parchment, giving l^glit and ornament to letters and figures. This is now written limner. AL-LtJRE', V. t. [Fr. leurrer.] To attempt to draw to ; to tempt by the ofter of some good, real or apparent ; to in- vite by something flattering or acceptable. f AL-LuRE , n. Now written lure. AL-LuR'ED, (al-lurd') pp. Tempted ; drawn, or invited, by something that appears desirable. AL-LuRE'MENT, n. That which allures ; any real or ap- parent good held forth, or operating, as a motive to action ; temptation ; enticement. AL-LuR'ER, n. He, or that, which allures. AL-LuR'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing : tempting ; inviting by some real or apparent good. 2. a. Inviting ; having the quality of attracting or tempting. AL-LuR'ING-LY, adv. In an alluring manner 5 enticingly AL-LtJR'ING-NESS, n. The quality of alluring. AL-LtJ'SION, (al-lu'-zhun)7i. [Fr.,frnm alhisio, Low h.] A reference to something not explicitly mentioned ; a hint ; a suggestion. AL-Ltf'StVE, a. Having reference to something not fully expressed. AL-LU'STVE-LY, adv. By way of allusion. AL-LtT'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being allusive. AL-Lti'SO-RY, a. Allusive ; insinuating. Heath. AL-LU'VI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to alluvion ; added I'o land by the wash of water. 2. Washed ashore or down a stream ; formed by a current of water Kincan. AL-Lu'VI-ON, In. [L. alluvia.] 1. The insensible in- AL-LtJ'VI-UM, \ crease of earth on a shore, or bark Df a river, by the force of water, as by a current or by waves 2. A gradual washing or carrying of earth or other sub- stances to a shore or bank 5 the earth thus added. 3. The mass of substances collected by means of the action of water. Buckland. AL-LtJ'VI-OUS, a. The same as alluvial, and less frequent- ly used. AL-L"?', V. t. [Fr. allier.] I. To unite, or form a relation, as between fiimilies by marriage, or between princes and states by treaty, league, or confederacy. 2. To form a * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; fP t(S P-TI ; Til a?= in fhi.^. t Obsolete ALO 28 ALT 1 elation by similitude, resemblance, or friendship. — J^ote. This w ^xh is more generally used in the passive form, as, families are allied by blood ; or reciprocally, as, princes ally themselves to powerful states. AL-I.T , n. 1. A prince or state united by treaty or league ; a conf-^ derate. 2, One relateu oy marriage or other tie. AI^Ly iNG, ppr. Uniting by marriage or treaty AlVMA-€ '^N-TAR. See Almucantar. A.L'MA-DiE, n. A bark canoe used by the Africans ; also, a long boat used at Calicjt, in India. AL-'MA-6EST, ?i. [aZ,andGr- ^tytCTT?;.] A bopk or collec- tion of problems in astronrmy and geometry. AL-Ma'GRA, 71. A fine, deep red ochre. AL'MA-NAC, 71. [Ar.] A small book or table, containing '" a calendar of days, weeks, and months, with the times of the rising of the sun and moon, changes of the moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, stated terms of courts, observations on the weather, &c., for the year ensuing. AL'MA-NAC-MA-KER, n. A maker of almanacs AL'MAN-DIXE, n. [Fr.] Precious garnet. AL'ME, or AL'MA, n. Girls in Egypt, whose occupation is to amuse company with singing and dancing. AL-MeNA, 71. A weight of two pounds. AL-MlGHT I-NESS, n. Omnipotence ; infinite or bound- " less power ; an attribute of Oud only. AL-MiGOT'Y, a. Possessing all power: omnipotent; be- '■ ing of unlhnited might ; being of boundless sufficiency. AL-MlGHT'Y, n. The omnipotent God. *AL'MOND, (it is popularly pronounced a'?ft072 71. Vessels appropriated to receive alms. ALMS -CHEST, ) ALMfe'-DEED, 7i. An act of charity ; a charitable gift. ■(• ALMS'-FOLK, n. Persons supporting others by allms. ALMS'-GIV-ER, n. One who gives to the poor. ALMS'-GIV-ING, n. The bestowment of charity, ALMS'-HOUSE, n. A house appropriated for the use of the poor, who are supported by the public, ALMS'-IVIEN, ) n. Persons supported by charity or by ALMS'-PeO-PLE, \ public provision, AL'MU-€AN-TAR, n. [Ar.] A series of circles of the sphere passing through the centre of the sun, or of a star, parallel to the horizon. AL MU-€AN-TAR'S STAFF. An instrument having an arch of fifteen degrees, used to take observations of the sun. AL-MtJ'DE, n. A wine measure in Portugal. AL'MUG, or AL'GUM, n. In Scripture, a tree or wood, about which the learned are not agreed. AL'NAGE, 71. [Fr. aulnage.] A measuring by the ell. AL'NA-GER, or AL'NA-GAR, 7i. A measurer by the ell. AL'NIGHT, 71, A cake of wax with the wick in the midst. Bacon. AL'OE, (al'o) n. ; plu. Aloes, (al oze) [L, alo'i ; Gr, a\oT].'] In botany, a genus of monogynian hexanders, of many species ; all natives of warm climates, AL'OES, in medicine, is the inspissated juice of the aloe ; a stimulating stomachic purgative. AL'oES-WOOD, 77, See AoALLocHUM. AL-0-ET'I€, or AL-0-ET'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to aloe or aloes ; partaking of the qualities of aloes. AL-0-ET'I€, 71. A medicine consisting chiefly of aloes. A-LOFT', adv. 1, On high ; in the air ; high above the ground, — 2, In scamen^s language, in the top ; at the mast head ; or on the higher yards or rigging, A-LOFT', prep. Above, Milton. A-L0'6l-ANS, n. [Gr. a and \oyog.'j In church history, a sect of ancient heretics, who denied Jesus Christ to be the Logos. AL'O-GO-TRO-PIIY, n. [Gr, a\oyog and rpo^v.] A dispro- portionate nutrition of the parts of the body. •f AL'O-GY, n [Gr. a and Aoyoj.] Unreasonableness ; ab- surdity. Brown. A-LoNE', a. [all and one ; Germ, allein ; D. alleen.] 1 Single ; solitary ; without the presence of another ; appli ed to a person or thing. 2. It is applied to two or more persons or things, when separate from others, in a place or condition by themselves ; without company. 3. Only A-LoNE', adv. Separately ; by itself. t A-LoNE'LY, a. or adv. Only ; merely ; singly. t A-LoNE'NESS, n. That state which belongs to no other Montague. A-LONG', adv. [Sax. and-lang, or ond-lang.] 1. By the length ; lengthwise ; in a Une with the length. 2. On- ward ; in a line, or with a progressive motion.— ,/3ZZ along signifies the whole length ; through the whole distance. — Along with signifies in company ; joined with. — illong side, in seamen's language, signifies side by side. — Along shore is by the shore or coast, lengthwise, and near the shore. Lying along is lying on the side, or pressed down by the weight of sail, t A-LONGST', adv. Along ; through, or by the length. A-LOOF', adv. 1, At a distance, but within view, or at a small distance, 2, Not concerned in a design ; declining to take any share ; keeping at a distance from the point, or matter in debate, AL'O-PE-CY, 71. [Gr. aXwirr]^.'] A disease called the fox- evil, or scurf, which is a falling ofi'of the hair. A-Lo'SA, 77. A fish of passage, called the shad. A-LOUD', adv. Loudly ; with a loud voice, t A-LoW, adv. In a low place. ALP, ALPS, 71. [qu. Gr. a\(pos ; L. albus."] A high moun tain. The name, it is supposed, was originally given to mountains whose tops were covered with snow. AL-PAG'NA, 77. An animal of Peru. AL'PHA, 71. [Heb. f|l'?N.] The first letter in the Greek al- phabet, answering to A, and used to denote ^rst, or be- ginning. As a numeral, it stands for 07ie. AL'PHA-BET, n. [Gr. a\(pa and /^Tjra.] The letters of a language arranged in the customary order. AL'PHA-BET, v. t. To arrange in the order of an alphabet ; to form an alphabet in a book, or designate the leaves by the letters of the alphabet, AL-PHA-BET-A'RI-AN, n. A learner while in the A, B, C. AL-PHA-BET'I€, } a. In the order of an alphabet, or AL-PHA-BET'I-€AL, jl in the order of the letters as cus- tomarily arranged. AL-PHA-BET'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an alphabetical man- ner : in the customary order of the letters. AL-PHe'NIX, 71. White barley sugar, used for colds. AL'PHEST, 71. A small fish. AL-PHON'SIN, n. A surgical instrument for extracting bullets from wounds. AL-PHON'SIN Ta'BLES. Astronomical tables made by Alphonsus, king of Arragon. Bailey. AL'PHUS, 71, [Gr, aX^os.] That species of leprosy called vitiligo. *AL'P1NE, a, [L. alpinus.] 1. Pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountain ; very high ; elevated. 2. Growing on high mountains. * AL'PiNE, 77. A kind of strawberry growing on lofty hills. AL'PIST, or AL'PIA, n. The seed of the fox-taD. AL'Q,UIER, n. A measure in Portugal. AL'aUI-FOUj 7!. A sort of lead ore, AL-READ'Y, (all-red'-e) adv. Literally, a state of complete "preparation; but, by an easy deflection, the sense is, at this time, or, at a specified time. t ALS, adv. Also ; likewise. Spenser. A'L'SO, adv. [all and so ; Sax. eal and swa.] Likewise , " in like manner. < ALT, or AL TO, a. [It.] In music, a term applied to high notes in the scale. AL-Ta'I€, or AL-Ta'IAN, a. [Tart, alatau.] Pertaining to the Altai. AL'TAR, n. [L. altare.] 1. A mount ; a table, or elevated "place, on which sacrifi^ces were anciently ofiered to some deity, 2, In modern churches, the communion table , and, figuratively, a church ; a place of worship, AL'TAR-CLOTH, n. A cloth to lay upon an altar in '" churches. AL'TAR-PIeCE, 71. A painting placed over the altar in a church. Warton. AL'TAR-WISE, adv. Placed in the manner of an altar. Howell. AL'TAR-A6E, 71, The profits arising to priests from obla- " tions, AL'TAR-IST, ) 77, In old laws, the priest to whom the AL'TAR-THANE, \ altarage belonged ; also, a chaplain AL'TER, t;, f, [Fr. alterer , 1,. alter.] ], To make some " change in ; to make different in some particular ; to vary in some degree, without an entire change. 2. To change entirely or materially, AL'TER, V. i. To become 'n some respects, different ; to "vary. * See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, V, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ; PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete. ALT ^I/TER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being susceptible * of alteration. AL'TEE,-A-BLE, a. That may become different ; that may "vary. i^L'TER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of admitting alter- "ation ; variableness. AL'TER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that may be altered, or "varied. ^L'TER-A6E, n. rfromL. aZo.] The breeding, nourishing * or fostering of a child. [JVot an English word.] AL'TER-ANT, a. Altering ; gradually changing. AL'TER-ANT, n. A medicine which gradually corrects the state of the body ; an alterative. AL-TER-A'TION, n. [L. altcratio.] The act of making " different, or of varying in some particular , an altering, or partial change. AL'TER-A-Ti VE, a. Causing alteration ; having the power "to alter. A.L'TER-A-TlVE, n. A medicine which gradually induces " a change in the habit or constitution, and restores healthy functions. AL'TER-€ATE, v. i. [L. altercor.] To contend in words ; to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger ; to wrangle. AL-TER-€a'TION, n. [L. altercatio.] Warm contention in words ; dispute carried on with heat or anger ; contro- versy 5 wrangle. AL'TERN, a. [L. alternus.] Acting by turns ; one suc- ceeding another ; alternate, which is the word generally used. AL'TER-NA-CY, n. Performance or actions by turns. [Little iLsed.] AL-TERN'AL, a. Alternative. [Little used.] AL-TERN'AL-LY, adtJ. By turns. May. [Little used.] AL-TERN'ATE, a. [L,. alternatus.} Being by turns ; one following the other m succession of time or place ; hence, reciprocal. AL-TERN'ATE, n. That which happens by turns with something else ; vicissitude. Prior. * AL'TERN- ATE, v. t. [L. alterno.] To perform by turns, or in succession ; to cause to succeed by turns ; to change one thing for another reciprocally. * AL'TERN-ATE, v.i. 1. To happen or to act by turns. 2. To follow reciprocally in place. AL-TERN'ATE-LY, adv. In reciprocal succession ; by turns, so that each is succeeded by that which it succeeds, as night follows day, and day follows night. AL-TERN'ATE-NESS, n. The quality of being alternate, or of following in succession. AL'TERN-A-TING, ppr. Performing or following by turns. AL-TERN-a'TION, n. 1. The reciprocal succession of things in time or place ; the act of following and being followed in succession. 2. The different changes, or al- tera 'ions of orders, in numbers. 3. The answer of tiie congregation speaking alternately with the minister. 4. Alternate performance, in the choral sense. AL-TERN'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. alternatif.] Offering a choice of two things. AL-TERN'A-TiVE, n. That which may be chosen or omitted ; a choice of two things, so that if one is taken, the other must be left. AL-TERN'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In the manner of alterna- tives ; in a manner that admits the choice of one out of two things. AL-TERN'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of bemg alternative. AL-TERN'I-TY, n. Succession by turns ; alternation. AL-THE'A, n. [Gr. aXOaia.] In botany, a genus of polyan- drian monadelphs, of several species 5 called in English marsh-mallow. AL-THoUGH', ^all-tho') ohs. verb, or used only in the imperative ; (commonly classed, though less correctly, among conjunctions.) [all and though ; Sax. thah, or theah ; Ir. daighim. See Though.] Grant all this ; be it so ; allow all ; suppose that ; admit all that ; as, " al- though the fig-tree shall not blossom." Hab. iii. That is, grant, admit, or suppose what follows—" the fig-tree shall not blossom." t AL'TI-GRADE, n. Rising on high. AL-TIL'0-aUENCE, n. [L. altus and loquor, loquens.] Lofty speech ; pompous language. AL-TIM'E-TER, n. [L. altus, and Gr. ixerpov.] An instru- ment for taking altitudes by geometrical principles. AL-TIM'E-TRY, n. The art of ascertaining altitudes bv means of a proper instrument. AL'TIN, 71. A money of account in Russia, value 3 kopecks. AL-TIN'€AR, n. A species of factitious salt or powder. AL-TIS'O-NANT, ) a. [L. altus and sojians.] High-sound- AL-TIS'0-NOUS, \ ing, lofty, or pompous. Aij'TI-TUDE, n. [L. altitudo.] 1. Space extended up- ward ; the elevation of an object above its foundation ; the elevation of an object or place above the surface on which we stand, or above the earth. 2. The elevation of a point, a star, or other object above the horizon. 3. Figuratively, high degree •, highest point of excellence. 29 AMA AL-T1"V'0-LANT, a. [L. altus and volans.l Flyinc; himi AL'TO. [It., from L. altus.] High. AL'TO-0€-Ta'VO. [It.] An octave higher. AL'TO-RE-LIK'VO. [It.] High relief, in sculpture, is the projection of a figure half or more, without being entirely detached. Cy^c. AL'TO-RI-PIE'NO. [It.] The tenor of the great chorus. AL'TO-VI-0-LA. [It.J A small tenor viol. AL'TO-YI-O-Ll'NO. [It.l A small tenor violin. AL-TO-GETH'ER, adv. Wholly ; entirely ; completely ; without exception. AL'U-DEL, n. In chemistry, aludels are earthen pots with- out bottoms. AL'UM, n [L alumen ] A mineral salt, of great use in medicine and the arts It is a triple sulphate of alumina and potassa. AL'UMED, a. Mixed with alum. Barret. AL'UM-EARTH, n. A massive mineral A-LtJ^MI-NA ( "' "^^ earth, or earthy substance. A-LtJ'MIN-I-FORM, a. Having thft form of alumina AL'U-MIN-lTE, 71. Subsulphate of alumina, a niinera.. A-Lu'MI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to alum or alumina. A-Lu'MI-NUM, 71. Tlie name given to the supposed metal- lic base of alumina. AL UM-ISH, a. Having the nature of alum ; somewhat re- sembling alum. AL UM-SLATE, n. A mineral of two species, common ana glossy. AL'UM-STONE, n. The siliceous subsulphate of alumina and potash. Cleaveland. A-Lu'TA, 71. [L.] A species of leather-stone. AL-U-Ta TION, n. [L. aluta.] The tanning of leather. AL'VE-A-RY, n. [L. alvearium.] The hollow of the ex ternal ear, or bottom of the concha. AL'VE-O-LAR,, } a. [L. alveolus.] Containing sockets AL'VE-0-LA-RY, j hollow cells, or pits ; pertaining to sockets. AL'VE-O-LATE, a. [L. alveolatus.] Deeply pitted, so as to resemble a honey-comb. AL'VE-OLE, or AL'VE-0-LUS, n. [L. dim. of alveus.] 1. A cell in a bee-hive, or in a fossil. 2. The socket in the jaw, in which a tooth is fixed. 3. A sea fossil. AL'VE-0-LITE, n. [L. alveolus, and Gr. XiQas-] In natu- ral history, a kind of stony polypiers. AL'VINE, a. [from alvus, the l«lly.j Belonging to the belly or intestmes. Darwin. AL-WAR'GRIM, n. The spotted plover. AL'WAY, ) adv. 1. Perpetually ; throughout all time AL'WAYS, I 2. Continually ; without variation. 3. Con- '" tinually or constantly during a certain period, or regular ly at stated intervals. 4. At all convenient times ; regu larly. .Blway is now seldom used. A. M. stand for artimn magister, master of arts, the second degree given by universities and colleges ; called, in some countries, doctor of philosophy. — A. M. stand also for anno mundi, in the year of tiie world. AM, the first person of the ve rb to be, in the indicative mode, present tense [Sax. eom ; Gr. eijxi ; Goth, im ; Pers. ajii.] A'MA, or Ha'MA, n. [D. aam.] A vessel to contain wine for the eucharist •, a wine measure. AM-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. [L. ajnabilis.] Loveliness ; the power of pleasing. Taylor, A-MAD'A-VAD, n. A small, curious bird. AM-A-DET'TO, 71. A sort of pear. A-MAD'0-GAD£, 71. A small, beautiful bird in Peru AM'A-DOT, 71. A sort of pear. Johnson. AM'A-DOU, n. A variety of the boletus igniarius. This Is written also amadow, and called black match, and pxfro technical spunge, on account of its inflammability. A-MaIN', adv. [Sax. a and mcegn.] With force, strength, or violence ; violently ; furiously ; suddenly ; at once. A-MAL'GAM, n. [Gr. fiaXayfia.] 1. A mixture of mercu- ry or quicksilver with another metal. 2. A mixture cr compound of different things. A-MAL'GA-MATE, v.t. 1. To mix quicksilver with another metal. Gregory uses amalgamize. 2. To mix different things ; to make a compound ; to unite. A-MAL GA-MATE, v. i. To mix or unite in an amalgam ; to blend. A- MAL'GA-MA-TED, pp. Mixed with quicksilver ; blend- ed. A-MAL'GA-MA-TING, ppr. Mixing quicksilver with ano- ther metal ; compoujiding. A-MAL-GA-Ma'TION, 71. 1. The act or operation of mix- ing mercury with another metal. 2. The mixing or blending of different things. f A-MAL'GAME, v. t. To mix metals by amalgamation Chaucer. t A-MAND', v. t. To send one away. Cockeram. t AM-AN-Da'TION, n. Sending on a message. AM'A-LOZK, n. A large aquatic fowl of Mexico. See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this. + Obsolete AMB 30 AMB A-MAN'DO-LA, n. A green marble. A-MAN-U-EN'SIS, n. [L. from maiius.] A person whose employment is to write what another dictates. AM'A-RANTH, or AM-A-RANTH'US, n. [Gr. aiiapavros.'] F'ower-geiitle ; a genus of plants, of many species, AM'A-RANTH, n. A color inclining to purple. AiM-A-RANTH INE, a. Belonging to amaranth ; consist- ing of, containing, or resembling amaranth. A-MAR'1-TUD£, n. [L. amariiudo ] Bitterness. [JSTot Vllich tiSBu, f A-MARULENCE, n Bitterness. 1 A-MAR^r-LENT, a. Bitter. AM-A-R\ L'LIS, 71. In botany, .ily-daffodil. A-MASS', V. t. [Ft, amasser.] 1. To collect into a heap ; to gather a great quantity ; to accumulate. 2. To collect in great numbers ; to add many things together. A-MASS', n. An assemblage, heap, or accumulation. [This is superseded by inass.] A-MASS'ED, (a-masf) pp. Collected in a heap, or in a great quantity or number ; accuumlated. A-MaSS'1NG, ppr. Collecting in a heap, or in a large quan- tity or number. A-MASS'MENT, n. A heap collected ; an accumulation. ■f A-MaTE', v. i. To accompany ; also, to terrify, to per- plex. AM-A-TEuR', n. [Fr.] A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, or science, as to music or painting ; one who has a taste for the arts. Burke. t AM-A-TOR'€U-LIST, n. An insignificant lover. AM-A-TO'RI-AL, AM-A-To'Rl-OUS, or AM'A-TO-RY, a. [L ajnatorius.] 1. Relating to love ; causing love ; pro- duced by sexual intercourse. — 2. In anatomy, a term ap- plied tq_the oblique muscles of the eye. AM-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In an amatorial manner. AM-AU-RO'SIS, n. [Gr. afiaupoj.] A loss or decay of sight, without any visible defect in the eye, except an immova- ble pupil ; called also gutta serena. A-MaZE', v. t. To confound with fear, sudden sui-prise, or wonder ; to astonish. A-MaZE', 71. Astonishment ; confus/nn ; perplexity, aris- ing from fear or wonder. It is chiefly used in poetry, and is nearly synonymous with amazement. A-MaZ'ED, (a-mazd') pp. Astonished ; confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder. A-MaZ'ED-LY, adv. ^Vith amazement ; in a manner to confound. [Little used.] A-MAZ'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder ; astonishment ; great wonder. A-jMaZE'MENT, 71. Astonishment ; confusion or perplex- ity, from a sudden impression of fear, surprise, or won- derj A-MaZ'ING, ppr. 1. Confounding with fear, surprise, or wonder. 2. a. Very wonderful ; exciting astonishment or perplexity. A-MAZ'fNG-LY, adv. In an astonishing degree. AM A-ZON, 71. [Gr. « and //a^o?.] 1. The Amazons are said, by historians, to have been'a race of female warriors, who founded an empire on the river Thermodon, in Asia Minor._ 2. A warlike or m isculine woman ; a virago. AM-A-Zo'NI-AN, a. I. Pertaming to or resembling an Am- azon. Applied to females, \)o\A ; of masculine manners ; warlike. 2. Belonging to the river Amazon or Maranon, in South America, or to Amazonia. AMB, AM. About ; around •, used in composition. [Sax. emh, ymb ; W. am ; Gr. aix(pL ; L. am or amb.] AM-Ba'GES, 71. [L. amb and ago.] 1. A circumlocution ; a circuit of words to express ideas which may be ex- pressed in fewer words. 2. A winding or turning, AM-Ba'GJ-OUS, a. Circumlocutory ; perplexed ; tedious. f AM-BAS-SaDE', 71. Embassy. Skak. A?iI-BAS'SA-DOR, n. [This is the more common orthogra phy ; but good authors write a\so embassador ; and, as the orthography of embassy is established, it would be better to write embassador. See Embassador.] AM-BAS'SA-DRESS, n. The wife of an ambassador. AM'BE, or AM'BI, n. [Gr. aju/???.] Literally, a brim •, but in surgery, an instrument for reducing dislocated shoulders. Also tlie mango tree. •■^M'BER, 71. [Fr, ambre ; Sp, am.bar.] A hard, semi-pellu- cid substance, tasteless, and without smell, except when pounded or heated, when it emits a fragrant odor. It is found in alluvial soils, or on the sea shore, in many places ; particularly on the shores of the Baltic, in Europe, and at Cape Sable, in Maryland, in the United States. AM BER, a. Consisting of, or resembling amber. AM'BER, V. t. To scent with amber. AM'BER-nRINK, n. A drink resembling amber in color. AM'BER-DROP-PING, a. I>;opping amber. Milton. AMBER-SEED, n. Musk-seed, resembling millet. AM'BER-TREE, n. The English name of a species of an- thuspermum, a shrub. AM'BER-GRIS, n. [amber, and Fr. g:is.] A solid, opake ash-colored, inflammable substance, variegated like mar ble, remarkably light, rugged on its surface, and highly valued as a material in perfumery. AM-BI-DEX-TER, n. [L. ambo and dexter.] 1. A person who uses both hands with equal facility, 2. A double dealer ; one equally ready to act on either side in party disputes. — 3. In law, a juror who takes money of both parties, for giving his verdict ; an embracer. AM-BI-DEX-TER'I-TY, or AM-BI-D£X'TROUS-NESS, n. The faculty of using both hands with equal facility double dealing ; the taking of money from both parties for a verdict. AM-BI-DEX'TROUS, a. Having the faculty of using both hands with equal ease ; practicing or siding with both parties AM'BI-ENT, a. [L. amblens.] Surrounding ; encompassing on all sides ; investing. AM-BIG'E-NAL, a. [L. ambo and geyiu.] An ambigenal hyperbola is one of the triple hyperbolas of the second order, having one of its infinite legs falling within an an- gle formed by the asymptotes, and the other without, Afll'BE-GLT, n. 7\ji entertainment, or feast, consisting of a medley of dishes. King. AM-BI-Gu'I-TY, 71, [L. ambignitas.] Doubtfulness or un- certainty of signification, from a word's being susceptible of different meanings ; double meaning, AM-BIG'U-OUS, a. [L, ambiguus.] Having two or more meanings ; doubtful ; being of uncertain signification ; susceptible of different interpretations, AM-BIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In an ambiguous manner ; with doubtful meaning. AM-BIG'U-OLJS-NESS, n. The quality of being ambigu- ous ; uncertainty of meaning ; ambiguity ; and, hence, obscurity. AM-BIL,'E-VOUS, a. [L. ambo and Imvus.] Left-handed , on both sides. AM-BIL'0-GY, 77, [L, ambo, and Gr, \oyos.] Talk or lan- guage of doubtful meaning, AM-BIL'0-aUOUS, a. [L. ambo and loquor.] Using am- biguous expressions. AM'BIT, n. [L. ambitus.] The line that encompasses a thing ; in geovietry, the perimeter of a figure. The pe- riphery or circumference of a circular body. AM-Bi"TION, 77. ['L. ambitio.] A desire of preferment or of honor ; a desire of excellence or superiority. It is used in a good sense ; as, emulation may spring from a lauda- ble ambition. It denotes, also, an inordinate desire of power or eminence, often accompanied with illegal means to obtain the object, AM-Bl"T10N, V. t. [Fr. ambitionner.] Ambitiously to seek after. King. [Little used.] AM-Bi"TIOUS, a. 1. Desirous of power, honor, office, su- periority, or excellence ; aspiring ; eager for fame. 2 Showy ; adapted to command notice or praise. 3. Eager to swell or riss higher. AM-Bl"TIOUS-LY, adv. In an ambitious manner. AM-Bi"TIOUS-NESS, ti. The quality of being ambitious. AM'BLE, V. i. [Fr. ambler.] 1. To move with a certain peculiar pace, as a horse, first lifting his two legs on one side, and then changing to the other. 2. To move easy, without hard shocks. 3. To move by direction, or to move affectedly. AM'BLE, 71. A peculiar pace of a horse. AIM'BLER, 71. A horse wMch ambl«s ; a pace AM'BLI-GON, or AM'BLY-GON, n. [Gr. a/^/SXus and yMVLu.] An obtuse-angled triangle. ABI-BLIG'O-NAL, a. Containing an obtuse angle, AM'BLI-GO-NITE, n. [Gr. a|u/?At)ywvtoj.] A greenish-col ored mineral. AM'BLING, ppr. or a. Lifting the two legs on the same side, at first going off, and then changing. AM'BLING-LY, adv. With an ambling gait. AM'BLY-0-PY, 71. [Gr, afxfS'Xvs and wif ,] Incipient amau- rosis ; dullness or obscurity of sight, AM'BO, 71, [Gr. a/i/Swv ,- L. umbo.] A reading desk, or pul- pit. AM-BRE-a'DA, n. A kind of factitious amber. AM-BRo'SIA, (am-bro'-zha) n. [(Jr. a and /?porof.] 1. In heathen antiquity, the imaginary food of the gods. 2. Whatever is very pleasing to th'^ taste or smell. AM-BRo'Sl-A€, a. Having the qualities of ambrosia. AM-BRo'SIAL, (am-bro'-zhal) a. Partaking of the nature or qualities of ambrosia ; fragrant ; delighting the taste or smell. Ben Jonson uses ambrosiac in a like sense, and Bailey has ambrosian, but these seem not to be warranted by usage. AM-BRo'SlAN, a. Pertaining to St. Ambrose. AM'BRO-SIN, 71. In the middle ages, a coin stnick by the dukes of Milan, on which St. Ambrose was represented AM'BRY, 71. [contracted from Fr. aumonerie, almonry.] 1 An almonry ; a place where alms are deposited for (lis ■ tribution to the poor. 2. A place in which are deposited See Synopsis. A E. I O. U. Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— \ Obsolete AME tiie utensils for house-keeping ; also a cupboard ; a place for cold victuals. AMBS-ACE', (amz-ase') n. [L. ambo, and ace^l A double ace, as when two dice turn up the ace. AM'BU-LANT, a. [L. amSwZans.] Walking ; moving from place to place. AM-BU-LA'TION, n. [L. ambulatio.] A walking about ; the act of walking. t AM'BU-LA-TlVE, a. V/alking. AM'BU-LA-TOR, n. In entomotogy, a species of lamia. Cyc. AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. That has the power or faculty of walking. 2. Pertaining to a walk. 3. Moving from place to place ; not stationary. AM'BLT-LA-TO-RY, 71. A species of ichneumon AM'BU-RY, or AN'BCJ-RY, n. [qu. L. umbo ; Gr. au8o}v.'] Among farriers, a tumor or wart on a horse, full of blood. ♦ AM BUS-GADE, n. [Fr. embuscade.] 1. A lying in wait for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. 2. A private station in whicli troops lie concealed with a view to attack their enemy by surprise ; ambush . Shakspeare uses the word ambuscado. AM'BUS-€ADE, v. t. To lie in wait for, or to attack from a concealed position. AM'BUS-€A-DED, pp. Having an ambush laid against, or attacked from a private station. AM'BUS-€A-DING, ppr. Lying in wait for ; attacking from a secret station. AM'BIJSH, n. [Fr. embUche.] 1. A private or concealed station, where troops lie in wait to attack their enemy by surprise. 2. The state of lying concealed, for the purpose of attacking by surprise ; a lying in wait. 3. The troops posted in a concealed place for attacking by sur- prise. AM'BUSH, V. t. To lie in wait for ; to surprise by assailing unexpectedly from a concealed place. AM'BUSH, V. i. To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking by surprise. Trumbull. AM'BUSHED, pp. Lain in wait for ; suddenly attacked from a concealed station. AM'BUSH-ING, ppr. Lying in wait for. AM'BtJSH-MENT, 7U An ambush ; which see. r AM-BUST', a. [L. ambustus.] Burnt ; scalded. AM-BUS'TI0N,7i. [L.avibustio.] Aburning; aburn or scald. A-MEI'VA, n. A species of lizard found in Brazil. AM'EL, n. [Fr. email.] The matter with which metallic bodies are overlaid ; but its use is superseded by enamel. A-MeL'IO-RATE, v. t. [Fr. ameliorer.] To make better ; to improve ; to meliorate. Christ. Obs. Buchanan. A-MeL'IO-RATB, v. i. To grow better ; to meliorate. A-MeL-IO-Ra'TION, n. A making or becoming better ; improvement ; melioration. * A-MEN'. This word, with slight differences of orthogra- phy, is in all the dialects of the Assyrian stock. As a verb, it signifies to confirm, establish, verify ; to trust, or give confidence ; as a noun, truth, firmness, trust, confi- dence ; as an adjective, firm, stable. In English, after the oriental manner, it is used at the beginning, but more generally at the end of declarations and prayers, in the sense of, be it firm, be it established. The word is used also as a noun. " All the promises of God are amen in Christ ;" that is, firmness, stability, constancy. A-Me'NA-BLE, a. [It. menare ; Fr. mcner.] Liable to an- swer ; responsible ; answerable ; liable to be called to account. t AM'EN-AGE, v. t. To manage. Spenser. t AM EN-ANCE, n. Conduct ; behavior. Spenser. A-MEND', V. t. [Fr. amender ; L. emendo.] 1. To correct ; to rectify by expunging a mistake. 2. To reform, by quitting bad habits •, to make better in a moral sense. 3. To con-ect ; to supply a defect ; to improve or make bet- ter, by adding what is wanted, as well as by expunging what is wrong. A-MEND', V. i. To grow or become better, by reformation, or rectifying something wrong in manners or morals. A-MEND', n. [Fr.] A pecuniary punishment or fine. The amende honorable, in France, is an infamous punish- ment inflicted on traitors, parricides, and sacrilegious persons. These words denote also a recantation in open court, or in presence of the injured person. A-MEND' A-BLE, a. That may be amended ; capable of correction. A-MEND' A-TO-RY, a. That amends ; supplying amend- ment ; corrective. A-MEND'ED, pp. Corrected ; rectified ; reformed ; improv- ed, or altered for the better. A-MEND'ER, n. The person that amends. T A-MEND'FUL, a. Full of improvement. A-MEND'ING, ppr. Conecting : reforming ; altering for the better. A-MEND'MENT, n. 1. An alteration or change for the bet- ter ; reformatum of life. 2. A word, clause, or paragraph, added or proposed to be added to a bill before a legislature. — 3. In law, the correction of an error in a writ or process. 31 AMM A-MENDS', n. plu. [Fr. amende.] Compensation for an id jury : recompense ; satisfaction ; equivalent. A-MEN'I-TY, M. [L amcenitas ;FT.a77ienite.] Pleasantness agreeableness of situation ; that which delignts the eye AM'ENT, 71. [L. amentum.] In botany, a species of inflo- rescence^from a common, chaffy receptacle. A-MEN-Ta'CEOUS, a. Growing in an ament ; resembling a thong. t A-MEN'TY, n. [Fr. amentie.] Madness. A-MERCE', (a-mers') v. t. [a for on, or at, and Fr. merci,] 1. To inflict a penalty at mercy ; to punish by a pecunia- ry penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but left to the discretion or mercy of the court. 2. To inflict a pecun%ry penalty •, to punish in general. A-MERCE'A-BLE, a. Liable to amercement. A-MER'CED, (a-merst')pp. Fined at the discretion of a court A-MERCE'M£N1', (a-mers'-ment) n. A pecuniary penalty inflicted on an offender at the discretion of the court. A-MER'CER, n. One who sets a fine at discretion upon an offender. t A-MER'CIA-MENT, n. Amercement. Selden. A-MER'I-€A, n. [from Amerigo Vespucci.] One of the great continents. A-MER'I-€AN, a. Pertaining to America. A-MER'I-€AN, n. A native of America ; originally applied to the aboriginals, or copper-colored races, found here by the Europeans ; but now applied to the descendants of Europeans born in America. A-MER'I-€AN-ISM, n. An American idiom •, the love which American citizens liave for their own country. A-MER'I-€AN-lZE, v. t. To. render American ; to natu- ralize in America. A-MER'I-CIM, n. A species of lizard. AM'ESS, 71. A ^riest"s vestment. See AiircE. t AM-E-THOD'I-€AL, a. Out of method : irregular. t A-METH'O-DIST, n. A quack. AM'E-THYST, n. [L. amethystus.] A sub-species of quartz, of a violet blue color, of different degrees of in- tensity. It is wrought into various articles of jewelry. AM'E-THYST, in heraldry, signifies a purple color. AM-E-THYST'INE, a. Pertaining to or resembling amethyst AM'I-A, n. A genus of fish in Carolina. A'MI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. amiable ; L. amabilis.] 1. Lovely ; worthy of love •, deserving of affection 5 applied usually to persons. 2. Pretending or showing love. Shak. A'MI-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of deserving love ; loveliness. A'MI-A-BLY, adv. In an amiable manner ; in a manner to excite or attract love. AM'I-ANTH, > 71. [Gt. ajuavTog.] Earth-flax, or moun- AM-I-ANTH'US, ) tain flax ; a mineral substance, some- what resembling flax. AM-I-ANTH'I-FORM, a. Having the form or likeness of amianth. AM-I-ANTH'IN-lTE, n. A species of amorphous mineral, a variety of actinolite. AM-I-ANTH'OID, 71. [amianth, and Gr. £t8os.] A mineral wJiich occurs in tufts, composed of long capillary fila- ments, flexible and very elastic. AM-I-ANTH'OID, a Resembling amianth in form. AM'I-€A-BLE, a. [L,. amicabilis.] 1. Friendly; peace- able ; harmonious in social or mutual transactions. 2 Disposed to peace and friendship. AM'I-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being peaceable or friendly •, friendliness. AM'I-€A-BLY, adv. In a friendlv manner. fA-MI'CAL, a. Friendly. fF. Watson. AM'ICE, 71. [L. amictus.] A square linen cloth that a Cath- olic priest ties about his neck, hanging down behind un- der the alb, when he officiates at mass. A-MID', I prep, [a, and Sax. 7/iirf<^.J 1. In the midst or A-MIDST', \ middle. 2. Among ; mingled with. 3. Surrounded, encompassed, or enveloped with. Amid is used mostly in poetry. A-MID'-SHIPS. In marine language, the middle of a ship with regard to her length and breadth. AM'I-LOT, n. A white fish in the Mexican lakes. AMISS', a. 1. Wrong ; faulty ; out of order ; improper 2. adv. In a faulty manner ; contrary to propriety, truth^ law, or morality. t A-MISS', 71. Culpability ; fault. Shak. t A-MISS'ION, n. Loss. More. t A-MIT', V. t. To lose. Brown. AM'I-TY, n. [Fr. amitii.] Friendship, in a general sense, between individuals, societies, or nations ; harmony- good understanding. AM'MA, 71. [Heb. DN.] 1. An abbess, or spiritual moth er. 2. A girdle er truss used in ruptures. [Gr. a/u/^a. J AM'MAN, n. [G amtmavn ; D. amptman.] In some Euro- pean nations, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes In France, a notary. AM'MTTE, or HAM'MTTE, n. [Gr. a////of.] A sand-stone or free-stone, of a pale-brown color. eSynopsis MOVE BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE •,— € as K ; G as J • S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoleU AMO 32 AM'MO-CETE, n. An obsolete name of the ammorfj/te. In Cuvier, the name of a genus of fish. AM'MO-€HRYSE, n. [Gr. ajujuoj and XF"""?-] -^ yellow, soft stone , found in Germany. AX MO-DYTE, 71. [Gr. au//oj and 6vo).\ The sand eel, a genus of fish of the apodal order. AM-MO'NI-A, or AM'MO-NY, n. Volatile alkali ; a sub- stance, which, in its purest form, exists in a state of gas. AM-MO'NI-A€, o*- AM-MO-Nl'A-€AL, a. Pertaining to ammonia, or pi ssessing its properties. AM-Mo'NI-A€, or AM-Mo'ISI-AG GUM, n. A gum resin, from Afr ica and the East. AM-MC' JNII-AN, a. Relating to Ammonias, surnamed Sac- cas, of Al'^xandria, the founder of the eclectic system of philosophy. AM MO-JNiTE, 7t. [cornu ammonis, from Jupiter Jlmmon.'] Serpent-stone, or cornu ammonis, a fossil shell, curved into a spiral form, like a ram's horn. AM-M6'NI-UM, ?i. A name given to the supposed metallic basis of ammonia. AM-i\IO-NT'U-RET, n. The solution of a substance in am- monia. Ed, Encyc. AM-MU-Nl"TION, n. [L. ad and munitio.] Military stores, or provisions for attack or defense. In mudem usage, the signification is confined to the articles which are used in the discharge of fire-arms and ordnance of all kinds ; as powder, balls, bombs, various kinds of shot, &c. — jS/ra- munition-bread, bread, or other provisions to supply troops. AM'NES-TY, n. [Gr. ajuvjycma.] An act of oblivion ; a general pardcn of the offenses of subjects against the gov- ernment, or the proclamation of sucn pardon, t AM-N1€'0-LIST, n. One who dwells near a river. AM-NIG'E-NOU?, a. Born of a river. AM'NI-OS, or A M'NI-ON, n. [Gr. aixviov.] The innermost membrane su .rounding tlie fetus in the womb. AM-Nl-OT'I€, a. Obtained from the liquor of the amnios. AM-O-Be'AN, a. Alternately answering. JVarton. AM-0-Be'UM, n. [Gr. aiioi(3aios.] A poem in which per- sons are represented as speaking alternately t AM-0-Ll''TION, 71. A removal ; a putting away. Bp. Ward. A-Mo'MUM, 71. [Gr. a^w/iov.] A genus of plants, all na- tives of warm climates, and remarkable for their pungen- cy and aromatic properties. — True amomum is a round fruit, from the East, of the size of a grape. A-M6NG', (a-mung') ) p?-ej?. [Sax. onmang, ongcmang.'] A-M6NGST', (a-mungsf) \ 1. In a general or primitive sense, mixed or mingled with. 2. Conjoined or associated with, or making part of the number. 3. Of the number. A-Mo'NI-AN, a. [from. Jlmmon or HAmmon.] Pertaining to Jupiter Ammon, or to his temple and worship in Upper Egypt. AM-O-RA'DOp 71. [L. amor.] A lover. See Inamorato, wliich is chiefly used. A-Mo'RE, n. A name given, by Marcgrave, to a tribe of fish, ofjhree species, the pizuma, guacu, and tinga. AM-0-Re'ANS, 71. A sect of Gemaric doctors or commen- tators on the Jerusalem Talmud. AM-O-RET', n. [L. amor ; Fr. amourette.] A lover ; an am- orous woman ; also, a love-knot, or a trifling love afl^air. Chaucer. AM'O-RIST, 71. [L. amor.} A lover ; a gallant ; an inamo- rato. Boyle. t A-MORN'INGS, adv. In the mornings. AM-0-Ro'SA, 71. j^It.J A wanton woman. ■ ■" ' ■ lover-, a man enamored. imoreux.] 1. Inclined to love ; hav- ing a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment ; loving ; fond. 2. In love ; enamored. Shak. 3. Pertaining or relating to love ; produced by love ; indicating love. Milton. Waller. AM'0-ROUS-LY, adv. In an amorous manner. AM'O-ROUS-NESS, n. The quality of being inclined to love, or to sexual pleasure ; fondness. A-MORPH'A, 71. [Gr. a and nop(pri.] False or bastard indi go, a native plant of Carolina. A-MORPH'OUS, a. [Gr. a and jJiofxpv.] Having no deter- minate form 5 of irregular shape. A-MORPH'Y, 7J. Irregularity of form ; deviation from a de- terminate shape. Swift. A-MOR'l ', adv. [L. mors, mortuus.] In the state of the dead. Shak. A-M0R-iI-Za'TI0N, or A-MORT'IZE-MENT, 71. The act or right of alienating lands or tenements to a corpora- tion. A-MORT'lZE, V. t. [Norm, amortiier.j In English law, to alienate in mortmain, that is, to sell to a corporation, sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal, and their sucj;essors. 7'his was considered as selling to dead hands. A-MO'TION, 71. [L. amotio.] Pv.emovai Warton. A-MOUNT', V. i. [Fr. monter.] 1. To rise to or reach, by an accumulation of particulars into an aggregate whole 3 to compose :n the whole. 2. To rise, reach, or extend Afti-U-K,0'C5/i., n. I ll.J A AM-O-RO'SO, 71. Jit.] A AM'O-ROUS, a. [Fr. amo AMP to, in effect, or substance ; to result in, by consequence when all things are considered. A-MOUNT', 71. 1. The sum total of two or more particula., sums or quantities. 2. The effect, substance, or result ^ the sum. A-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Rising to, by accumulation or addi tion ; resulting, in effect or substance. A-MOUR', 71. [Fr.] An unlawful connection in love ; a love intrigue ; an affah- of gallantry. t A-M5V'AL, n. [L. amoveo.] Total removal. I A-MoVE', V. t. [L. amoveoi] To remove. Hall. AM'PEL-ITE, 71. [Gr. ajuTrcXoj.J Cannel coal, or candle coal, an inflammable substance. AM-PHIB'I-AL, or AM-PHIB'I-A, n. [Gr. a/^^i and /Stoj.' In zoology, amphibials are a class of animals, so formeS as to live on land, and for a long time under water. AM-PHIBT-O-LlTE, n. [Gr. an^ifiios and At0oj.] A frag- ment of a petrified amphibious animal. AM-PHIB-I-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to amphibiology Aftl-PHIB-I-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. afx^i, jSios, and \oyos.] A discourse or treatise on amphibious animals, or the histo- ry and description of such animals. AM-PHIB'I-CUS, a. 1. Having the power of living in two elements, air and water. 2. Of a mixed nature ; partak- ing of two natures. AM-PHIB'I-OUS-NESS, n The qxiality of being able to live in two elements, or of partaking of two natures. AM-PHIB'I-UM, 71. That which lives in two elements, as in air and water. AMPHI-BOLE, n. [Gr. aii(pi0o\os ; ajxcpt and /SaXAw.] A name given by Haiiy to a species of minerals, including tlie treuiolite, hornblend, and actinolite. AM-PHI-BOL'I€, a. Pertaining to amphibole ; resembling amphibole. Cooper. AM-PHEB-0-LOG'I-CAL, a. Doubtful ; of doubtful meaning AM-PHIB-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. With a doubtful meaning. AM-PHI-BOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. aixcpiPoXoyi-a.] A phrase or discourse susceptible of two interpretations ; and, hence, a phrase of uncertain meaning. AM-PHIB'0-LOUS, a. [Gr. a//0(/?oXo?.] Tossed from one to another ; strikmg each way, with mutual blows. [L. u.] AM-PHIB'0-LY, 71. [Gr. a[x(pij3oXia.] Ambiguity of mean- ing. Spelman. [Rarely used.] AM'PHI-BRACH, n. [Gr. a/^^V and ^pa^vi.] In poetry, a foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and last short ; as, habere, in Latin. AM'PHI-€OME, 71. [Gr. a^icpi and /co//*?.] A kind of figured stone, of a round shape. AM-PHI€-TY-ON'I€, a. Pertaining to the august council of Amphictyons. AM-PHIG'TY-ONS, n. In Grecian history, an assembly or council of deputies from the different states of Greece, who sat at Thermopylae, but ordinarily at Delphi. AM'PHI-GENE, n. [Gr. a/jKpi and yevos.] In mineralogy, anothei name of the leucite or Vesuvian. AM-PHI-HEX-A-He DRAL, a. [Gr. a//^£,and hexahedral.] In crystalography, when the faces of the crystal, counted in two different directions, give two Iiexahedral outlines, or are found to be six in number. AM-PHIM'A-CER, 7)-. [Gr. afJiCpifxaKpoi.] In ancient poetry , a foot of three syllables., the middle one short, and the others long, as in castitas. AM-PHIS'BEN, ; n. [Gr. aucbicBaiva.] A genus of ser- AM-PHIS-BE'NA, \ pents. AM-PHIS'CI-i, or AM-PHIS'CIANS, n. [Gr. aiKpi and aKia.] In geography, the inhabitants of the tropics, whose shadows, m one part of the year, are cast to the north, and in the other, to the south. AM'PHI-TANE, n. A name given by ancient naturalists to a fossil, called by Dr. Hill, pyricuhium. AM-PHI-THe'A-TRE, } n. [Gr. apcpidearpov.] An edifice AM-PHI-THe'A-TER, I, \ A name which Cuvier has given to a genus of animals. A-NOP'SY, 71. [Gr. av and coi^.] Want of sight ; invision. [Little wsefZ.] AN'0-REX-Y, n. [Gr. a and ops^is.] Want of appetite, without a lothing of food. Coxe. AN-6TH'ER, a. [an, or one, and other.] 1. Not the same ; different. 2, One more, in addition to a former number, indefinitely. 3. Any other ; any different person, indefi- nitelj^ This word is often used without a noun, becom- ing a substitute for the name of the person or tiling. t AN-6TH'ER-GAINES, adv. Of another kind. t AN-oTH'ER-GATES, adv. Of another sort. t AN-oTH'ER-GUESS, a. Of a different kijid. AN-6TH'E?.-GUISE, a. Of a different kind ; different. [This is a vulgar word, and usually contracted into othei-- guess.] A-NOT'TA, 71. An elegant red color, formed from the pelli- cles or pulp of the seeds of the bixa. t A-NOUGH', A-NOW. See Enough, Enow. AN'SA-TED, a. [L. ansatus.] Having a handle or handles, or something in the form of handles. AN'SER, 71. [L.J 1. In zoology, the name of the goose, whether tame or wUd. — 2. In astronomy, a smaU star, in the milky way. AN'SER-INE, a. [L. anserinus.] 1. Resembling the skin of a goose ; uneven. 2. Pertaining to the ansers. AN'SERS, 71. In Liane's system, the third order of aves or fowls. t AN'SLaIGHT, (an'slate) ti. An attack ; an affray. AN'SWER, (an'ser) v.t. [Sax. andsicarian.] 1. To speak in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration or argument of another person. 2. To be equivalent to ; to be adequate to, or sufficient to accomplish the object. 3. To comply with, fulfill, pay or satisfy. 4. To act in return, or opposition. 5. To bear a due proportion to ; to be equal or adequate ; to suit. 6. To perform what was intended ; to accomplish. 7. To be opposite to ; to face. 8. To write in reply ; to reply to another writing, by way of explanation, refutation or justification. 9 To solve. XN'SWER, V. i. 1. To reply ; to speak by way of return. 2. To be accountable, liable or responsible. 3. To vindi- cate, or give a justificatory account of. 4. To correspond with ; to suit with. 5. To act reciprocally. 6. To stand as opposite or correlative. 7. To return, as sound rever- berated ; to echo. 8. To succeed ; to effect the object in- tended ; to have a good effect. XNSWER, n. 1. A reply ; that which is said, in return to a call, a question, an argument, or an allegation. 2. An account to be rendered to justice. — 3. In laic, a counter- statement of facts, in a course of pleadings ; a confutation of what the other party has alledged. 4. A writing, pamphlet or book, in reply to another. 5. A reverberated sound ; an echo. 6. A return ; that which is sent in con- sequence of some petition. 7. A solution, the result of a mathematical operation. AN'SW£R-A-BLE, a. i . That may be answered ; to which a reply may be made. 2. Obliged to give an ac- comit, or liable to be called to account ; amenable ; re- sponsible. 3. Obliged or liable to pay, indemnify or make good. 4. Correspondent ; agreeing with ; in con- formity with. 5. Suitable ; suited 5 proportionate. 6 Equal ; correspondent ; proportionate. AN SWER-A-BLE-NESS, ?i. The quality of being answer- able, liable, responsible, or correspondent. AN'SWER-A-BLY, adv. In due proportion, correspondence or conformity ; suitably. AN'SWERED, pp. Replied to ; fulfilled ; paid ; complied with ; accomplished ; solved ; confuted, AN'SWER-ER, n. One who answers ; he or that which makes a return to what another has spoken ; he who writes an answer. AN SV\^ER-1NG, ppr. Replying ; coiTespondmg to ; fUlfiU ing ; solving ; succeeding ; reverberating ; confutmg. ANSAYER-JOB'BER, 7!. One who makes a business of writing answers. Swift. AN'T, in old authors, is a contraction of an it, that is, if it See An. ANT, 71. [Sax. amet.] An emmet ; a pismne. tNT-l^IvCR ■ ''• ^ quadruped that feeds upon ants. ANT-EGGS, 72.' Little white balls found in the hillocks tf ants, usually supposed to be their eggs, but found, on ex- amination, to be the young brood, in their first state. ANT-HILL, n. A little tumulus or hillock, formed by ants, for their habitation. AN'TA, n. In ancient architecture, a square column, at the corner of a building ; a pilaster ; written also aiHe. ANT-AC ID, 71. In pharmacy, an alkali, or a remedy for sourness or acidity ; better written anti-acid. ANT-A€'RID, n. That which corrects acrimony ; better written anti-acrid. AN-TAG 0-NISM, t;. Opposition of action ; counteraction of things or principles. Good. AN-TAG'O-NIST, /?. [Gr. avTi and aywvKrrris.] 1. One who contends with another in combat 5 used primarily in relation to the Grecian games. An adversary. 2. An op- ponent in controversy. Campbell. — 3. In anatoTuy, a mus- cle which acts in opposition to another. AN-TAG'O-NIST, ffi. Counteracting; opposing. AN-TAG-0-NIS'TI€, a. Opposing in combat ; contending aeainst. AN-TAG 0-NlZE, v. i. To contend against ; to act in op- position ; to oppose in argument. t AN-TAG'0-NY, 7J. Contest; opposition. Milton. AN-TAL'GliC, a. [Gr. avri and aXyos.] Alleviating pain ; anodyne. [Little used.] ANT-A-NA-CLa SIS, 7!. [Gr. avravaKXaaig.] 1. In rheto- ric, a figure, which consists in repeating the same word in a different sense ; as, whilst we live, let us live. 2. It is also a repetition of words, beginning a sentence, after a long parenthesis. ANT-A-NA-Go'6E, 71. [Gr. avri and avayuyyr].] In rheto- ric, a figure, which consists in replying to an adversary, by way of recrimination. ANT-A-'PHRO-DISI-AO, a. [Gr. avri and acppoSimos.'] Antivenereal ; having the quality of extinguishing or les- sening venereal desire. ANT-A-PHRO-DIsa-A€, n. A medicine that lessens or extinguishes the venereal appetite. ANT-A-PHRO-DIT 1€, a. Antivenereal, abating t^ie vene- real appetite, or efiicacious against the venereal disease. ANT-A-PHR0-DIT'1€, 71. A medichie which abates the venereal appetite, or is good against the venereal disease. ANT-A-P0-PLE€'TI€, a. Good against apoplexy. ANT-AR€'TI€, a. [Gr. avn and ap/cro?.] Opposite to the northern, or arctic pole ; relating to the southern pole, or to the region near it AN-Ta'RES, n. The name of a star of the first magni- tude. ANT-AR-THRIT'I€, acting^tlie gout^ A remedy which cures or allevi- [Gr. avri and apOpiris.] Counter- ANT-AR-THRIT'I€, n. ates the gout. ANT-ASTH-MAT'I€, a. the asthma. ANT-ASTH-MAT'I€, n. [Gr. uvn and ao-0jua.] Opposing A remedy for the asthma. AN'TE. a Latin preposition, the Greek avn, much used in the composition of English words, especially in words from the Latin and Greek languages. It signifies before in place, in front ; hence, opposite, contrary ; and, figura- tively, before in time. The Latin ante is generally "used in the sense of before, and the Greek avn in that of oppo- site, or in the place of. AN'TE, or AN'TA, n. A pilaster.— In heraldry, ante de- notes that the pieces are let into one another, in the man- ner there expressed. AN'TE-A€T, n. [L. aiite, and act.] A preceding act. Ser Synopsis. A, E, I, O, t^, Y, long.-^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolets ANT 39 ANT AJV-TE-CE-Da'NE-OUS, a. Antecedent ; preceding in time. Owen. AN-TE-CeDE',u. t. To go before in time ; to p-ecede. Hale. AJV-TE-CE'DEiVCE, n. Tbe act or state of g'jing before in time ; precedence. AN-TE-CE'DEiVT, a. Going before in time ; prior ; ante- rior ; preceding. AJ^-TE-Ce'DENT, n. That which goes before in time ; hence, in icritings, that which precedes in place. — In gravimar, the noun to whicii a relative or other substitute refers. — In logic, the first of two propositions in an enthy- meme. — In mathematics, the first of two terms of a ratio. AN-TE-Ce'DENT-LY, ado. Previously ; at a time pre- ceding. AJV-TE-CES'SOE, n. [L.] 1. One who goes before ; a leader ; a principal. 2. One that possessed land before the present possessor. AN'TE-CHaM-BER, n. A chamber or apartment before the chief apartment to which it leads, and in which persons wait for audience. AN'TE-CHAP-EL, n. The part of the chapel through which is the passage to the choir or body of it. AN-Te'CIAN, n. [L. antmci.'] In geography, the antecians are those inhabitants of the earth, under the same merid- ian, and at the same distance from the equator, but on opposite sides, one party north, the other south. AN-TE-€UKS'0R, n. [L. aiite and cursor.] One who runs before ; a forerunner. AN'TE-DATE, n. Prior date ; a date antecedent to another. Oood. AN'TE-DATE, v. t. [L. ante and datum.] 1. To date be- fore the true time. 2. To anticipate ; to take before the true time. AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AL, ) a. [L. ante and diluvium.] Before AN-TE-DI-LU'VI-AN, ) the flood, or deluge, in Noah's time ; existing, happening, or relating to what happened, before the deluge. AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AN, n. One who lived before the deluge. t AN'TE-FA€T, n. That which represents the fact before it occurs. AN'TE LOPE, n. In zoology, the gaze! •, a genus of rumi- nant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and goat. AN-TE-LU'€AN, a. [L. antelucanus.] Being before light. AN-TE-ME-RID'I-AN, a. [L. ante, and m.eridian.] Being ; before noon ; pertaining to the forenoon. AN-TE-MET'ie, a. [Gr. avri, and emetic] Restraining or allaying vomiting. AN-TE-MET'I€, n. A medicine which checks vomiting. AN-TE-MUND'ANE, a. [L. ante and mundus.] Being be- fore the creation of the world. AN-TE-Nl'CENE, a. [L. ante, and Mcene.] Anterior to the first council of Nice. AN-TEN'NjE, 71. plu. [L.] In zoology, the horns or feelers of insects, projecting from the head. AN-TE-NUM'BER, n. A number that precedes another. AN-TE-NUP'TIAL, a. Being before marriage. AN-TE-PAS€H'AL, a. Pertaining to the time before Eas- ter. J^'elson. AN TE-PAST, n. [L. ante and pastum.] A foretaste ; some- thing taken before the proper time. AN-TE-PE-NULT', n. [L. ante, peiie, and ultimus.] The la^t syllable of a word except two. AN-TE-PE-NULT'I-MATE, a. Pertaining to the last syl- lable but two. AN-TE-PI-LEP'TI€, a. [Gr. avri and £7riA?77rrt/cof.J Resist- ing or curing epilepsy, AN-TE-PI-LEP'TI€, n. A remedy for the epilepsy. AN'TE-PONE, V. t. [L. antepono.] To set one thing before - another. AN-TE-PO-Si"TION, n. In grammar, the placing of a word before another. AN-TE-PRE-DI€'A-MENT, n. A preliminary question in logic_; a question which is to be first known. AN-TE'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. Before in time or place ; prior ; antecedent ; preceding in time. 2. Before or in front in place. AN-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. The state of being anterior, pre- ceding, or in front. AN'TE-RooM, 71. A room before, or in front of another. AN'TES, n. plu. [L.] Pillars of large dimensions that sup- port the front of a building. AN-TE-STAT'URE, n. In fortification, a small intrench- ment, or work formed of palisades. -r AN-TE-ST6M'A€H, n. A cavity which leads into the stomach, as the crop in birds. Ray. f AN'TE-TEM-PLE, ti. What we now call the nave in a church. f-AN-TE-VERT',7;. t. VL. antevcrto.] To prevent. AN-TE-VIR-6IL'I-AN, a. A term given to Tull's new husbandry, or method of horse-hoeing. AN-THEL-MIN TI€, a. [Gr. avri and eX/ztvj.] Good agamst worms. AN-THEL-MIN'TI€, n. A remedy for worms. AN'THEM. n. [Gr. avri and ujuvoj.] A hymn sung in alter- nate parts ; but, in modern usage, a sacred tune, or piece of music set to words. AN'THEM- WISE, adv. In the manner of an anthem ; al- ternately. Bacon. AN'THE-MIS, 71. Camomile. Tate. AN'THER, n. [L. anthera.] In botany, the summit or top of the stamen, connected with the flower. AN'THE-RAL, a. Pertaining to anthers. AN-THE-RIF ER-OUS, a. [anther, and L.fero.] Producing anthers. Barton. AN-THES-Te Rl-ON, n. The sixth month of the Athenian year. AN-TH0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to anthology. AN-TH0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. avdos and \oyos.] 1. A discourse on flowers. 2. A collection of beautiful passages from authors ; a collection of poems or epigrams. AN'THO-NY'S FIRE. A popular name of the erysipelas AN-THOPH'YL-LITE, n. [Gr. avBos and cpv'SXov.] A min- eral. AN'THO-RISM, n. [Gr. avri and opiaixog.] In rhetoric, a description, or definition, contrary to that which is given by the adverse party. AN'THRA-CITE, n. [Gr. avOpa^.] Slaty glance-coal, or columnar glance-coal ; that species of coal which has a shining lustre, approaching to metallic, and which burns without smoke, and with intense heat. AN'THRA-eO-LITE. See Anthracite. AN'THRAX, 7(. A carbuncle ; a malignant ulcer, with in- tense burning. AN-THROP'O-GLOT, n. [Gr. avBocoms and yXwrra.] An animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, of which kind are parrots. AN-THRO-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avdpwTtos and ypacpn-] A description of man, or the human race, or of the parts o< the human body. AN-THROP'0-LlTE, n. [Gr. avSpwyros and \idos.] A petri- faction of the human body, or skeleton. AN-THR0P-0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to anthropology •, according to human mannei- of speaking. AN-THR0-P0L'0-6IST, n. One who describes, or is versed in the physical history of the human body. AN-THRO-POL'0-GY, n. [Gr. avdpiOTOs and Xoyo?.J 1. A discourse upon human nature. 2. The doctrine of the structure of the human body ; the natural history or physi- ology of the human species. 3. The word denotes that manner of expression by which the inspired writers at- tribute human parts and passions to God. AN-THRO-POM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. avOpoyn-os and /iavraa.J Divination by inspecting the entrails of a human being. AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'ISM, n. The heresy of the anthro- pomorphites. AN-THRO-PO-jMORPH'iTE, 71. [Gr. avBpwiros and [xopcpr].] One who believes a human form in the Supreme Being A sect of ancient heretics are called anthropomorphites . AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'OUS, a. Belonging to that which has the form of man ; having the figure of resemblance to a man AN-THRO-POP'A-THY, 71. [Gr. avep^^Tro? and XaBos.] The affections of man, or the application of human passions to the Supreme Being. AN-THRO-POPH'A-GI, n. plu. [Gr. avdpwTrog and 0aya».] Man-eaters ; cannibals ; men that eat human flesh. AN-THRO-POPH'A-GOUS, a. Feeding on human flesh AN-THRO-POPH'A-6Y, 71. The eating of human flesh, or the practice of eating it. AN-THRO-POS'€0-PY, n. [Gr. avdpwitog and o-vgis.] The projecting A-POPH'Y-SY, ) soft end or protuberance of a bone a process of a bone. AP-0-PLE€'TI€, or AP-0-PLE€'TI-€AL, a. Pertaining to or consisting in a-poplexv, or predisposed to apoplexy. AP-0-PL,E€'TI€, 71. A person affected by apoplexy. AP'0-PL'EXED, a. Affected with apoplexy. Shak. AP'0-PLEX-Y, 71. [Gr. arroir'Xri^ia.] A sudden deprivation •> all sense and voluntary motion, occasioned by repletion, or whatever interrupts the action of the nerves upon the muscles. Dryden uses apoplex for apoplexy. AP'O-RON, or APO-RIME, n. A problem difficult to be resolved. t AP-OR-RHQS'A, 71. Effluvium. Glanville. AP'O-RY, or A-Po'RI-A, n. [Gr. a-rropia.] 1. In rhetoric, a doubting or being at a loss where to begin, or what to say, on account of the variety of matter.— 2. In the 77?e^- ical art, febrile anxiety ; uneasiness. Coze. A-POS-I-O-PE'SIS, ) 71. [Gr. aTroaiwTrrjOLg.] Reticency or A-POS-I-OP'E-SY, ) suppression ; as when a speaker, for some cause, as fear, sorrow, or anger, suddenly breaks off his discourse, before it is ended. A-POS'TA-SY, n. [Gr. a-oaraatg.] 1. An abandonment of what one has professed ; a total desertion or departure from one's faith or religion. 2. The desertion from a party to which one has adhered. — 3. Among physicians, the throwing off of exfoliated or fractured bone, or the various solution of disease. 4. An abscess. A-POS'TATE, 71. One who has forsaken the church, «ect, profession, or party, to which he before adhered. A-POS'TATE, a. False ; traitorous. Spenser. AP-OS-TAT'I-€AL, a. After the manner of an apostate. A-POS'TA-TiZE, V. i. To abandon one's profession 01 church ; to forsake the principles or faith which one has professed, or the party to which one has been attached. * See Syllepsis. M(^VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. + Obsolete APP 44 APP A-POS'TA-TIZ-ING, ppr. Abandoning a church, profes- To form into an abscess ; to swell siou, sect, or party. A-POSTE-kAlxI.r. and fill witli pus, A-FOri-TE-MA'TlON, n. The formation of an aposteme ; tlie process of gathering into an abscess ; written, corrupt- ly, impostkumation. AP-OS-TEiM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to an abscess ; par- taking of the nature of an aposteme Journ. of Science. AP OS-TEME, 7J. [Gr. a7ro(77?;j/a.] An abscess ; a swelling tilled with purulent matter ; written also, corruptly, im- posthanie. A.-POS-TE-RI-0E.I, [\j. posterior. '[ Axgwments a posteriori are drawn from effects, consequences, or facts ; in oppo- sition to reasoning a priori^ or from causes previous to known results. A-POS'TLE, (a-pos'-sl) n. [L. apostolus ; Gr. aTrooroXoff.] A person deputed to execute some important business ; but, appropriately, a disciple of Christ, commissioned to preach the gospel. The oiiice or dignity of an apostle. A mission ; the dignity or office of A-POS TLE-SHIP, A-POS'l'0-LATE,'?i. an apostle. -^P-OS-TOL'ie, i -^P-OS-TOL I-CAL, I 1. Pertaining or relating to the apostles. 2. According to the doc- trines of the apostle's ; delivered or taught by tlie apostles. AP-OS-TOL'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of the apostles. AP-OS-TOL'I-€ALr-NES£, n. The quality of being apos- tolical, or according to the doctrines of the apostles. AP-OS-TOL'I€S, 71. Certain sects so called from their pre- tending to imitate the practice of the apostles. A-POS TRO-PHE, I n. [Gr. airo and arpocpri.'] 1. In rhet- A-POS'^f^RO-PHY, \ oric, a diversion of speech ; a digres- sive address ; a changing the coui-se of a speech, and ad- dressing a person, who is dead or absent, as if present. — 2. In grammar, the contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by a com- ma ; as, caWd for called. The comma used for this pur- pose may also be called an apostrophe. A-POS'TRO-PKI€, a. Pertaining to an apostrophe ; noting the contraction of a word. Murray. A-POS TRO-PHiZE, v. i. or t. 1. To make an apostrophe, or short, detached address in speaking. 2. v. t. To con- tract a word Ly omitting a letter or letters. 3. To mark with a comma, indicating the omission of a letter. A-POS TRO-PHIZED, pp. Addressed by way of digres- sion •, contracted by the omission of a letter or letters 5 marked by an apostrophe. A-POS'TRO-PHI-ZING, ppr. Addressing in a digression ; contracting or marking by aj ostrophe. APOS-TUME, n. An aposteme, which see. AP-0-TA€'TITE, 71. \Gx. a-rroTaKTOi.] One of a sect of an- cient Christians, who, in imitation of the first believers, renounced all their effects and possessions. AP-0-THE'€A, 71. [L.] An apothecary's shop. A-POTIi'E-€A-Ry, 71. [L. apotheca.] 1. One who prac- tices pharmacy ; one who prepares drugs for medicinal uses, and keeps them for sale. 2. In the middle ages, an apothecary was the keeper of any shop or warehouse. APO-THEGM, m APO-TIIEM, 7i. [See Apophthegm.] A remarkable saying ; a short, instructive remark. AP-0-THEG-?»IAT 1€, ) a. In the manner of an apo- AP-0-THEG-MAT'I-€AL, \ them. AP-0-THEGMA-TIST, n. A collector or maker of apo- thems. Pope. AP-0-THEG'MA-TlZE, v. i. To utter apothems, or short, instnictive sentences. AP'0-THEME, n. In Russia, an apothecary's shop. AP-O-THe'O-SIS, 7i. [Gr. anodeujais.] Deification ; conse- cration ; the act of placing a prince, or other distinguish- ed person, among the heathen deities. A -POTH'E-SIS, 71. [Gr.] 1. The reduction of a dislocated bone. 2. A place on'the south side of the chancel, in the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, ■vestments, &c. Wheler. 'V.-POT'O-ME, ) n. [Gr. aTrorr/ivw.] 1. In mathematics, the A-POT 0-MY, \ difference between two mcommensura- bl^ quantities. — 2, In music, that portion of a tone major which remains after deducting from it an interval, less, by a ftmma, than a semitone major. AP-0 -TREP SIS, n. [Gr. aTro and rpsTrw.] The resolution of a suppurating tumor. Coze. AP'O-TRO-PY. r.. [Gr. a-izo and rpETrw.] In ancient poetry, a verse or hymn composed for averting the wrath of m- censed deities. AP'O-ZEM, 77. [Gr. aTroand ^£0).] A decoction, in which the medicinal substances of plants are extracted by boil- ing. A.P-0-ZEI\I'I-€AL, a. Like ^ decoction. Whitaker. \ AP-PAIR', V. t. To impair. . AP-PAlR', V. i. To degenerate. AP-PALL', V. t. [Ft. palir ; L. palleo.] 1. To depress or discourage with fear •, to impress with fear, in such a manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness 2 To reduce, allay, or destroy. [Unusual.] Thomson. AP-PALL', V. i. To grow faint ; to be dismayed. AP-P*A.LL'ED, pp. Depressed or disheartened with fear AP-PALL'ING,p;7r. Depressing with fear ; reducing. AP-PALL'MENT, 71. Depression occasioned by fear ; dis- couragement. AP'PA-iVAGE, n. [Fr. apanage.] 1. Lands appropriated by a prince to the maintenance of his younger sons. 2. Sustenance ; means of nourishing. Swift. AP-PA-Ra'TUS, 71. ; plu. Apparatuses. [L.] 1. Things provided as means to some end 5 the fumitu/e of a house ; instruments of war ; a complete set of instruments or utensils, for performing any operation. — 2. In surgery, the operation of cutting for the stone. AP-PAR'EL, 71. [Fr. appareil.'] 1. Clothing ; vesture ; garments ; dress, 2. External habiliments or decora- tions ; appearance. 3. The furniture of a ship, as sails, rigging, anchors, &c. AP-PAR'EL, V. t. 1. To dress or clothe. 2. To adorn with dress. 3. To dress with external ornaments ; to cover, as with garments. 4. To furnish with external apparatus. AP-PAR'ELED, pp. Dressed ; clothed ; covered as with dress -, furnished. AP-PAR'EL-ING, ppr. Dressing ; clothing ; covering as with dress ; furnishing. t AP-PA'REx\CE, (ap-pair'ens) / 71. Appearance. Chau- \ AP PA'REN-CY, (ap-pair'en-sy) J cer. Oower. AP-PA'RENT, (ap-pair'ent) a. 1. That may be seen ; visi- ble to the eye ; within sight or view. 2. Obvious ; plain ; evident ; indubitable. 3. Visible -, in opposition to hid or secret. 4. Visible ; appearing to the eye 5 seeming, in distinction from true or real. — Heirs apparent are those whose right to an estate is indefeasible, if they survive the ancestor 5 in distinction from presumptive heirs, who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would inherit, but whose right is liable to be defeated by the birth of other children. Blackstone. AP-PA'RENT-LY, (ap-pair'ent-ly) adv. 1. Openly ; evi dently. 2. Seemingly ; in appearance. AP-PA'RENT-NESS, (ap-paur'ent-ness) n. That which ia apparent. AP-PA-Rl 'TION, 77. 1. In a general sense, an appear- ance 5 visibility. [Little used.] Milton. 2. The thing appearing •, a visible object ; a form. Milton. 3. A ghost ; a spectre •, a visible spirit. [ This is now the usual sense of the v-ord.] 4. Mere appearance, opposed to re- ality. Dcnham. AP-PAR'I-TOR, 77. [L. apparo.] Among the Romans, any officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute their orders. — In England, a messenger or officer who serves the process of a spiritual comt, or a beadle in the university who carries the mace. t AP-PAY'," V. t. [Sp. apagar.] To satisfy. t AP-PeACH', v. t. To accuse ; to censure. t AP-PeACHER, n. An accuser. t AP-PeACII'MENT, 71. Accusation ; charge exhibited. AP-PeAL', v. i. [Fr. appeler ; L. appello.] 1. To refer to a superior judge or court, for the decision of a cause de- pending, or the revision of a cause decided in a lower court. 2. To refer to another for the decision of a question contioverted, or the counteraction of testimony or facts. AP-PeAL', v. t. To call or remove a cause from an inferior to a_superior judge or comt. AP-PeAL', v. t. In criminal law, to charge with a crime ; to accuse ; to institu-te a criminal prosecution. AP-PeAL', 77. 1. The removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior tribunal ; -also, the right of appeal. 2. An accusation ; a process instituted by a private per- son against a man for some crime by which he has been injured. 3. A summons to answer to a charge. 4. A call upon a person ; a reference to Einother for proof or decision. 5. Resort ; recourse. AP-PeAL'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be appealed ; that may be removed to a higher tribunal for decision. 2. That mav be accused or called to answer by appeal. t AP-PeAL'ANT, 77. One who appeals. Shah AP-Pi^AL'ED, (ap-peeld') pp. Removed to a higher court, as a cause ; prosecuted for a crime by a private person, as a criminal. AP-PeAL'ER, 77. One who appeals ; an appellor. AP-PeALTNG, ppr. Removing a cause to a higher tribu- nal ; prosecuting as a private person for an oflense ; re- ferring to another for a decision. A?-PeAR', v. i. [L. appareo.] 1. To come or be in sight ; to be in view ; to be visible. 2. To become visible to the eye, as a spirit, or to the apprehension of the mind ; a sense frequent in Scripf.ure. 3. To stand in presence of, as parties or advocates before a court, or as persons to be tried. 4. To be obvious ; to be known, as a subject of observation or comprehension. 5. To be clear or made clear by evidence. 6. To seem, in opposition to reality 7. To be discovered, or laid open. * See Synopsis A, E, T, o, V^, Y, long.—YkVi, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete APP 45 APP \ AP-PeAR', n. Appearance AP-Pk.AJR AXCE, n. 1. The act of coming into sight ; the act of becoming visible to the eye. 2. The thing seen ; a phenomenon. 3. Semblance ; apparent likeness. 4. Ex- ternal show ; semblance assumed, in opposition to reality or substance. 5. Personal presence ; exhibition of the person. 6. Exhibition of the character ; introduction of a person to the public in a particular character. 7. Prob- ability ; likelihood. Bacon. 8. Presence ; mien ; figure, as presented by the person, dress, or manners. 9. A be- ing present in court ; a defendant's filing common or special bail to a process. 10. An apparition. Addison. AP-Pe.IR'ER, n. The person that appears. AP-PeAR'ING, ppr. Coming in sight ; becoming evident ; making an external show ; seeming 5 having the sem- blance. AP-PeAR E\G, n. The act of becoming visible ; appearance. AP-PeAS'A-BLE, a. That may be appeased, quieted, calmed, or pacified. AP-PeAS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being appeasa- ble._ AP-PeASE', v. t. [Ft. apaiser.] To make quiet ; to calm ; to reduce to a state of peace 5 to still ; to pacify. AP-PeAS'ED, (ap-peezd') pp. Quieted ; calmed ; pacified. AP-PeASEMENT, n. The act of appeasing ; the state of being in peace. AP-PeAS'ER, 71. One who appeases, or pacifies. AP-PeAS'IVE, (ap-pe'-siv) a. Having the power to ap- pease ; mitigating ; quieting. t AP-PEL LAN-CY, 7!.. An appeal. AP-PEL'LANT, n, 1. One who appeals, or removes a cause from a lower to a higher tribunal. 2. One who prosecutes another for a crime. 3. One who challenges or summons another to single combat. — 1. In church his- tory, one who appeals from the Constitution Unigenitus to a general council. Milton. f AlP-PEL'LATE, n. A person appealed, or prosecuted for a crime. See Appellee. Ayliffe. AP-PEL'LATE, a. Pertaining to appeals ; having cogni- ZEmce of appeals 5 as, " appellate jurisdiction." Const, of U.S. Burke. AP-PEL-La TION, 7!. [L. appellatio.] Name ; the word by which a thing is called and known. Spenser uses it for appeal. AP-PEL'LA-TiVE, a. Pertaining to a common name ; no- ting the common name of a species. AP-PEL'LA-TiVE, n. A common .name, in distinction from a proper name. A common name, or appellative, stands for a whole class, genus or species of beings, or for universal ideas. AP-PEL'LA-TTYE-LY, adv. According to the manner of nouns appellative ; in a manner to express whole classes or species. AP-PEL'LA-TO-RY, a. Containing an appeal. AP-PEL-LEE', n. 1. The defendant in an appeal. 2. The person who is appealed, or prosecuted by a private man for a crime. AP-PEL-LOR', n. The person who institutes an appeal, or prosecutes another for a crime. Blackstone. AP-PEND', V. t. [L. appendo.] 1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended. 2. To add, as ail accessory to the principal thing. Johnson. AP-PEXD'A6E, n. Something added to a principal or greater thing. fAP-PEXD'ANCE, or f AP-PEXD'ENCE, n. Something annexed. Bp. Hall. AP-PEXD'AXT, a. Hanging to; annexed; belonging to something ; attached. AP-PEND AXT, ?i. That which belongs to another thing, as incidental or subordinate to it. AP-PEXD ED, pp. Annexed ; attached. t AP-PEXD'I-€ATE, v. t. To append ; to add to. Hale. t AP-PEX-DI-€a'TION, n. An appendage or adjunct. AP-PEXD I-€LE, 71. A small appendage. AP-PEXT)'IXG, 7!. That which is bv right annexed. AP-PEXD IX, n. ; phi. Appe>-dixes. [L. The Latin plural is appendices.] I. Something appended or added. 2. An adjunct, concomitant, or appendage. 3. More generally, a supplement or short treatise added to a book. fAP-PER-CElYE', r. f. \Ft. apercevoir.] To comprehend. t AP-PER-Ci?IY'IXG, 7!. Perception. Chaucer. AP-PER-CEP'TIOX, n. Perception that reflects upon itself; consciousness. Reid. \ AP-PER'IL, n. Peru ; danger. Shal: AP-PER-TaIX'', v. i. [Fr. appartenir ; L. ad and pertineo.] To belong, whether bv right, naUire or appointment. AP-PER-TaIX'IXG, vp. Belonging. AP-PER-TaIX'MEXT, 71. That which belongs. t AP-PER TE-XAXCE, v. t. To have as right belonging. AP-PER'TE-XEXCE, n. See Appurte>-ance. AP-PER TT-X'^EX^T, a. Belonging; now written appurte- nant. Shak. t AP-PER TI-NENT, 77. That which belongs to something else. S^ a A:. See ApptrRTzxANCE. AP'FE-TENCE, ) n. [L. appetentia.] 1. Desire ; especial AP'PE-TEN-CY, ] ly carnal desire ; sensual appetite. 2. The disposition of organized bodies to select and im- bibe such portions of matter as serve Zo support and nour- ish them. 3. An inclination 01 propensity in animals to perform certain actions, as in the young to suck-, in aquatic fowls to enter into water and "to swim. AP'PE-TEXT, a. Desiring ; very desirous. Buck. AP-PE-TI-BIL'1-TY, 71. The quality of being desirable foi gratification. AP'PE-TI-BLE, a. [Low L. appetiMlis.] Desirable ; that may bethe object of sensual desire. APPE-TlTE, 7!. [L. appetittis.'] I. The natural desire of pleasure or good ; the desire of gratification, either of tlie body or of the mind. 2. A desire of food or drink ; a pain- ful sensation occasioned by liunger or thirst. 3. Strong desire ; eagerness or longing. 4. The thing desired Swift. t AP'PE-TlTE, V. t. To desire. Sir T. Elyot. AP-PE-Tl"TIOX% n. [L. appetitio.] Desire. [Rarely used.] t AP-PE-Tl'iTIOUS, a. Palatable ; desirable. AP'PE-Tl-TiYE, a. That desires ; tliat has the quality of desiring gratification. AP'PI-AN, a. Designating something that belongs to Appius, particularly a way from Rome through Capua to Brundu- sium, nowBrindisi, constructed by Appius Claudius. AP-PLAUD', V. t. [L. cpplaudo.] 1. To i)raise by clapping the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign. 2. To praise by words, actions, or other means ; to express ap- probation of; to commend. AP-PLAUD ED, pp. Praised by acclamation, or other mean's ; commended. AP-PLAUD'EK, n. One who pi-aises or commends. AP-PLAUD'J.NG, ppr. Praising by acclamation ; commend- ing. ■" AP-PLAUSE', 72. [L. applausus.] A shout of approbation ; approi3ation and praise, expressed by clapping the hands, acclamation or huzzas ; approbation expresse"d. AP-PLAL'SIYE, a. Applauding ; containing applause. AP'PLE, 7!. [Sax. appl, appil ; D. appel ; Ger. apfel ; Dan. ccble : Sw. aple.] 1. Tlie fruit of the apple-tree, [pyrus vialus,] from w'hich cider is made. 2. The apple of the eye is th« pupil. — Apple of love, or love apple, the tomato, a species of solamun. AP'PLE, -c. t. To form like an apple. Marshal. AP'PLE-GRAFT, n. A scion of he apple-tree ingrafted. APPLE-HAR-YEST,7i. The githering of apples, or the time of gathering. AP'PLE-JOHX". See John-Apple. AP'PLE-PIE, 77. A pie made of apples stewed or baked, inclosed in paste. AP PLE-8AUCE, 77. A sauce made of stewed apples. AP'PLE-TART, 77. A tart made of apples baked on paste. AP'PLE-TREE, n. A tree arranged by Linne under the genus pyrus. Tlie fruit of this tree is indefinitely various. The crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from which all others have sprung. AP PLE-WoM-AX , 7i. A woman who sells apples and other fruit. AP'PLE- Yard, 71. An orchard ; an inclosure for apples. fAP-PLl'A-BLE, a. [Sec Apply.] That may be applied. This word is superseded bv applicable. t AP-PLI'AXCE, n. The act" of applying, or thing applied. ^YP-PLI-CA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being applicable, or fit to be applied. AP'PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may be applied ; fit to be appli- ed, as related to a thing ; that may have relation to some- thing else. AP'PLI-CA-BLE-XESS, n. Fitness to be applied ; the qual- ity of being applicable. AP'PLI-€A-BLY, adv. In such a manner that it may be ap- plied. AP'PLI-CAX'^T, 77. One who applies ; one who makes re- quest ; a petitioner. APPLI-CATE, w. A right line drawn across a curve, so as to be bisected by the diameter ; an ordinate. t APPLI-CATE, V. I. To applv. Pearson. AP PLI-€ATE-OR'DI-xXATE." A right line at right angles applied to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by the cun-e. Bailey. AP-PLI-€a'TIOX, 7i. [L. applicatio.] 1. The act of laying on. 2. The thing applied. 3. The act of making request, or soliciting. 4. The act of applying as means ; the em- ployment of means. 5. The act of fixing the mind ; in- ten'seness of thought ; close study ; attention. 6. Tne act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate the agreement or disagree- ment. — 7. In sermons, that part of the discourse in which the principles before laid down and illustrated are appli- ed to practical uses. AP'PLI-€A-TiYE, a. That applies. Bramhall. AP'PLI-€A-TC- RI-LY", adv. In a manner which applies. AP'PLI-€A-TO-RY, a. That includes the act of applying AP'PLI-CA-TO-RY, 72. That which applies. Taylor. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE - € as K ; 0^ as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. APP APP Al* TLT'ED, (ap-pllde') pp. Put on ; put to ; directed ; em- ployed. f AP-PLI'ED-LY, adv. In a manner which may be applied. AP-PLl'ER, n. One that applies. f AT-PLl'MKNT, n. A^jplication. Marstun. AP-PLY'j V. t. [L. applicu.] 1. To lay on ; to put one thing to another. 2. To use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case. 3. To put, refer or use, as suita- ble or relative to something. 4. To fix the mind ; to be- take ■, to engage and employ with attention. 5. To ad- dress or direct. Pope. 6. To make application ; to have recourse by request. 7. To busy ; to keep at vi^ork 5 to ply. lObs.] Sidney. AP-PLY', v. i. 1. To suit ; to agree ; to have some connec- tion, agreement or analogy. 2. To make request ; to so- licit ; to have recourse, with a view to gain something. AV-PIjV:'1NG, ppr. Laying on ; making application. AP-POINT', V. t. [Fr. appointer.] 1. To fix ; to settle ; to establish ; to make fast. 2. To constitute, ordain, or fix by decree, order or decision. 3, To allot, assign or desig- nate. 4. To purpose or resolve ; to fix the intention. 5. To ordain, command or order. 6. To settle ; to fix, name or determine by agreement. AP-POINT' A-BLE, a. That may be appointed or constitut- ed. Madison. AP-POINT'ED, pp 1 Fixed ; set ; established ; decreed ; ordained ; constituted ; allotted 2. Fui-nished ; equipped with things necessary AP POIJNT-TEE', n. 1. A person appointed. Wkzaton's Re- ports. 2. A foot soldier in the French anny, who, for long service and bravery, receives mo'-e pay than other privates. Bailey. AP-POINT'ER, n One who appoints. AP-POINT'ING, ppr. Setting ; fixing ; crdammg ; consti- tuting ; assigning. AP-POINT'MENT, n. 1. The act of appointing ; designation to otfice. 2. Stipulation ; assignation ; the act of fixing by mutual agreement. 3. Decree ; established order or constitution. 4. Direction ; order ; command. 5. Equip- :i ent, furniture, as for a ship, or an army ; whatever is appointed for use and management. 6. An allowance to a person ; a salary or pension, as to a public officer. 7. A devise or grant to a charitable use. t AP-PoRT'ER, 71. [Fr. apporter.] A bringer in ; one that brings into the country AP-PoR'TION, V. t. [L. id and portio.] To divide and as- sign in just proportion •, to distribute, among two or more, a just part or share to each. r AP-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. Just proportion. AP-PoR'TIONED, pp. Divided ; set out or assigned in suit- able parts or shares. AP-PoR'TION-ER, n. One that apportions. AP-PoR'TION-ING, ppr. Setting out in just proportions or shares. AP-PoR'TION-lVIENT, n. The act of apportioning ; a di- vidijig into just proportions or shares. AP-PoS£', V t. [Fr. apposer.] 1. To put questions ; to ex- amine. Bacon. 2. To apply. Harvey. AP-P6S'ER. n. An examine^ j one whose business is to put questions. AP'PO-SiTE, a. [L. appositus.'] Suitable ; fit ; very applica- ble ; well adapted. AP'PO-f?iTE-LY, adv. Suitably ; fitly ; properly. APPO-STTE-NESS, ?i. Fitness; propriety; suitableness. AP-PO ?i"TION, n. 1. The act of adding to ; addition ; a setting to. — 2. In grammar, the placing of two nouns in the same case, without a connecting word between them. f AP-POS'I-TlVE, a. Applicable. KnatchbuU. AP-PRaISE , (ap-praze') v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] To set a value ; to estimate the worth, particularly by persons ap- pointed for the purpose. See Apprize. AP-PRaISE'MENT, ??. The act of setting the value ; a val- uation. See Affrizememt. AP-PRaIS ER, n. One who values. See Apprizer tAP-PRE-€A'TION, n. [L. app^-ecor.] Earnest prayer. Hall AP PRE-€A-TO-RY, a. Praying or wishing any good. AP-PRe'CIA-BLE, (ap-pre'sha-bl) a. 1. That may be ap- preciated ; valuable. 2. That may be estimated ; capable of being dulv estimated. AP-PRe OIATE, (ap-pre'shate) v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] 1. To value ; to set a price or value on ; to estimate. 2. To raise the value of. Ravisay. AP-PRe CI ate, v. i. To rise in value ; to become of more vahie. AP-PRe'CTA-TED, pp. Valued; prized ; estimated; ad- vanced in value. AP-PRe'CIA-TING, ppr. Setting a value on ; estimating ; rising in value. AP-PRE-CI-A'TIOxV, n. 1. A setting a value on ; a just val- uation or estimate of merit, weight, or any moral consid- eration. 2. A rising in value ; increase of worth or value. ■Marshal. ^ AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. [L. apprehendo.] 1. To take or seize ; to take hold of. 2. To take with the understand- ing, that is, to conceive in the mind ; to understand, without passing a judgment, or makmg an inference. 3. To think ; to believe or be of opinion, but without posi- tive certainty. 4. To fear : to entertain suspicion or fear of future evil. AP-PRE-HEND'ED, pp Taken ; seized ; arrested ; con- ceived ; understood , feured. AP-PRE-HEND'ER, n. One who takes ; one who conceives in his mind ; one who fears. AP-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Seizing ; taking ; conceiving ; understanding ; fearing. AP-PRE-HEN'Sl-BLE, a. That may be apprehended or conceived. AP-PRE-HEN'SION, n. 1. The act of taking or arresting. 2. The mere contemplation of things, without affirming, denying, or passing any judgment ; simple intellection. 3. An inadequate or imperfect idea. 4. Opinion ; con- ception. 5. The faculty by which new ideas are conceiv- ed. 6. Fear ; suspicion ; the prospect of future evil, ac- companied with uneasiness of mind. AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. 1. Quick to understand. 2. Fear ful ; in expectation of evil. 3. Suspicious; inclined to believe. 4. Sensible ; feeling ; perceptive. Milton. AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. In an apprehensive manner AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-NESS, ?). The quality of being appre- hensive ; readiness to understand ; fearfulness. AP-PREN'TICE, n. [Fr, apprenti.'] 1. One who is bound by covenant to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a certain time, with a view to learn his art, mystery, or oc- cupation, in which his master is bound to instruct him. — 2. In old law books, a barrister ; a learner of law. AP-PREN'TICE, V. t. To bind to, or put under the care of a master, for the purpose of instruction in the knowledge of a trade or business. t AP-PREN'TICE-HOOD, K Apprenticeship. Shak. AP-PREN'TICE-SHIP, n. I. The term for which an ap- prentice is bound to serve his master. 2. The service, state or condition of an apprentice ; a state in which a person is gaining instruction under a master. fAP-PREN'TIS-AGE, n. Apprenticeship. Bacon. AP-PREST', a. In botany, pressed close ; lying near the stem j or applying its upper surface to the stem. AP-PRlSE', V. t. [Fr. appris.] To inform ; to give notice, verbal or written. AP-PRiS'ED, (ap-prizd') pp. Informed ; having notice or knowledge communicated. AP-PRlS'ING, ppr. Informing ; communicating notice to. AP-PRiZE', V. t. [ad, ?^nd price, prize ; D. prys ; Ger. vreis ; W. pris ,• Fr. priser, to prize.] To value ;' to set a value in pursuance of authority AP-PRlZ'ED, (ap-prizd') pp. Valued ; having the worth fixed by authorized persons. AP-PRlZE'31ENT, n. 1. The act of setting a value under some authority or appointment ; a valuation. Blackstone. 2. The rate at which a thing is valued ; the value fixed, or valuation AP-PRiZ'ER, n. A person appointed to rate, or set a value on articles. APPRIZING, ppr. Rating ; setting a value under au- thoritv. AP-PRfZ'ING, 71. The act of valuing under authority. AP-PRoACH', V. i. [Fr. approcher.'] 1. To come or go near, in place ; to draw near ; to advance nearer. 2. To draw near in time. 3. To draw near, in a figurative sense ; to advance near to a point aimed at, in science, literature, government, morals, &c. ; to approximate. 4. To draw near in dutv, as in prayer or worship. AP-PRoACH', V. t. 1. "To come near to. 2. To have access carnally. Lev. xviii. — 3. In gardening, to ingraft a sprig or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from the parent stock. Evcyc. AP-PRoACH', n. 1. The act of drawing near ; a coming or advancing near. 2. Access. — 3. In fortifcation, not only the advances of an arm«y are called approaches, but the works thrown up by the besiegers, to protect them in their advances towards a fortress. AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That may be approached ; acces- sible. _ AP-PRoACH'F^R, 7?. One who approaches or draws near. AP-PRoACH'MENT, n. The act of coming near. AP'PRO-BATE, a. [L. approbatus.] Approved. AP'PRO-BATE, V. t. [L. approbo. .Approbate is a modem word, but in common use in America. It difl^ers from ap- prove, denoting not only the act of the mind, but an ex- pression of the act.] To express approbation of; to man- ifest a liking, or degree of satisfaction ; to express appro- bation officially, as of one's fitness for a public trust J. Eliot. AP PRO-BA-1'ED, pp. Approved; commended. AP PRO-BA-TING, ppr. Expressing approbation of. AP-PRO-Ba'TION, n. [1,. approbatio.] I. The act of ap proving ; a liking ; that state or disposition of the mind in which we assent to the propriety of a thing, with some * See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, lonff.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD •,— f Obsolete. APP 47 degree of pleasure or satisfaction 2. Attestation ; sup- port 5 that is, active approbation, or action, in favor of what is approved. 3. The commendation of a book li- censed or permitted to be published by authority, as was formerly the case in England. AP PRO-BA-TlVE, a. Approving ; implying approbation. M'dncr. AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing approbation j express- ing approbation. Scott. \ AP-PROMPT', for Prompt. Bacon. f AP-PROOF',?i. Approval. S/ta/i:. f AP-PROP'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. appropero.] To hasten. fAP-PRO-PIJN'aUATE, u.t. [L. appropinquo.] To draw near. t AP-PRO-PIN-aCJA'TION, 71. A drawing nigh. Hall. T AP-PRO-PmaUE', V. i. To approach. Hiidibras. AP-PR6'PRI-A-BLE, a. That may be appropriated ; that may be set apart, or assigned exclusively to a particular use. AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, t).f. [Yx. approprier.'] 1, To set apart for, or assign to a particular use, in exclusion of all other uses. 2. To take to one's self in exclusion of others ; to claim or use, as by an exclusive riglit. 3. To make pe- culiar. 4. To sever an ecclesiastical benefice, and annex it to a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living. AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, a. 3. Belonging peculiarly ; peculiar j set apart for a particular use or person. 2. Most suitable, fit, or proper. t AP-PRO'PRI-ATE, 71. Peculiarity. Bacon. AP-PRO'PRJ-A-TED, pp. Assigned to a particular use ; claimed or used exclusively ; annexed to an ecclesiastical corporation. AP-PRO'PRI-ATE-LY, adv. Fitly. AP-PRO'PRI-ATE-NESS, 71. Peculiar fitness j the quality of being appropriate, or peculiarly suitable. AP-PRo'PRI-A-TING, ppr. Assignihg to a particular per- son or use ; claiming or using exclusively. AP-PRO-PRI-A'TION, 7!. 1. The act of sequestering, or assigning to a particular use or person, in exclusion of all others •, application to a special use or purpose. — 2. In laiD, the severing or sequestering of a benefice to the per- petual use of a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the patron of the living. AP-PRO'PRI-A-TOR, n. 1. One who appropriates. 2. One who is possessed of an appropriated benefice. AP-PRO'PRI-E-TA-RY, n. A lay possessor of the profits of a benefice. AP-PR5V'A-BLE, a. That may be approved ; that merits approbation. AP-PRoV'AL, 77. Approbation. AP-PRoV'ANCE, 77. Approbation Thomson. AP-PROVE'. V. t. [Fr. approuver ; L. approto.'] 1. To like ; to be pleased with ; to admit the propriety of. 2. To prove ; to show to be true ; to justify. 3. To experience ; to prove by trial. \J^otused.'] Shak. 4. To make or show to be worthy of approbation ; to commend. 5. To like and sustain as right ; to commend. 6. To improve. Blackstone. AP-PROVED, (ap-proovd') pp. Liked ; commended ; shown or proved to be worthy of approbation j having the approbation and support of. AP-PROVE'MENT, n. 1. Approbation ; liking.— 2. In law, when a person indicted for felony or treason, and arraigned, confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and ap- peals or accuses his accomplices of the same crime, to ob- tain his pardon, this confession and accusation are called approvement, and the person an approver. Blackstone. 3. Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and convert- ing them to the uses of husbandry. Blackstone. AP-PRoV'ER, n. 1. One who approves. Formerly, one who proves or makes trial. — 2. In laio, one who confesses a crime, and accuses another. AP-PRoV'ING, ppr. Liking ; commending ; giving or ex- pressing approbation. AP-PRoV'ING, a. Yielding approbation. I- AP-PROX'I-MANT, a. Approaching. Dcring. r AP-PROX'I-MATE, a. [L. ad and prozimus.] Nearest to ; next ; near to. [This icord is superseded by proximate.] AP-PROX'I-MATE, v. t. To carry or advance near ; to cause to approach. Burke. AP-PROX'I-MATE, v. i. To come near- ; to approach. Burke. AP-PROX-I-MA'TION, n. 1. Approach ; a drawing, mov- ing, or advancing near. Hale. — 2. In arithmetic and alge- bra, a continual approach or coming nearer and nearer to a root or other quantity, without being able, perhaps, ever to arrive at it. — 3. In medicine, communication of disease by contact. 4. A mode of cure, by transplanting a dis- ease into an animal or vegetable by immediate contact. AP-PROX'I-MA-TlVE, a. Approaching ; that approaches. Bd. Kncifc. -^P-PULPE', (ap-puls') n. [L. appulsus.'] 1. The act of striking against. — 2. In astronomy, the approach of any AQU planet to a conjunction with the sun, or a star. 3. Ar- rival ; landing. AP-PUL'SION, 71. The act of striking against by a moving body. AP-PUL'SIVE, a. Striking against ; driving towards. AP-PUR'TE-NANCE, 7i. [sc written for apperte:ience.] [Fr. appartenance, ] That which belongs to something else ; an adjunct •, an appendage. .Appropriately, such buildings, rights, and improvements, as belong to land, are called the appurtenances. AP-PUR'TE-NANT, a. 1. Belonging to ; pertaining to of right. — 2. In law, common appurtenant is that which is annexed to land, and can be claimed only by prescription or inmiemorial usage, on a legal presumption of a special grant. Blackstone. A'PRl-OATE, V. i. [L. apricor.'] To bask in the sun. Ray [Little used.'] A-PRIC'I-TY, n. Sunshine. [Little used.] A PRI-€OT, 77. [old orthography, apricock.] [Fr. abricot.] A fruit belonging to the genus prunus, of the plum kind, of an oval figure, and delicious taste. aTRIL, 71. [L. Aprllis ; Fr Avril.] The fourth month of the year A'PRIL-FOOL, 7i; He who is imposed upon by others, on the first day of April, or April-fool-day, A-PRT-O'RI reasoning-, i. e. from causes to effects. * a'PRON, 71. [Ir. aprun.] 1. A cloth, or piece of leather, worn on the forepart of the body, to keep the clothes clean, or defend them from injury. 2. The fat skin cov- ering the belly of a goose. — 3. In gunnery, a flat piece ot lead, that covers the vent of a cannon. 4. In ships, a piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the keel. 5. A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance of a dock, on which the dock gates are shut. 6. A piece of leather to be drawn before a person in a gig. * A'PRONED, a. Wearing an apron. Pope. * A'PRON-MAN, n. A man who wears an apron ; a labor- ing man ; a mechanic. AP'RO-POS, (ap'ro-po) adv. [Fr.] I. Opportunely ; season- ably. 2. By the way •, to the purpose : a word used to introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occa- sion, though not strictly belonging to the narration. AP'SIS, 71. ; pZit. Apsides. [Gr. aipis.] In astronomy, the apsides are the two points of a planet's orbit, which are at the greatest and least distance from the sun or earth ; the most distant point is the aphelion, or apogee ; the least distant, the perihelion, or perigee. The Ime connecting these is called the line of the apsides. APT, a. [L. aptus.] 1. Fit ; suitable. 2. Having a ten dency ; liable. 3. Inclined ; disposed customarily. 4 Ready ; quick. 5. Qualified ; fit. t APT, V. t. To fit ; to suit or adapt. t APT'A-BLE, a. That may be adapted. I AP'TATE, V. t. To make fit. Bailey. AP'TER, I n. [Gr. a and -nTtpov.] An insect without AP'TE-RA, \ wings. AP'TE-RAL, a. Destitute of wings. APT'I-TUDE, n. 1. A natural or acquired disposition for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect. 2. Fitness; suitableness. 3. Aptness ; readiness in learning ; docility. APT'LY, adv. In an apt or suitable manner ; with just correspondence of parts ; fitly ; properly ; justly ; per- tinently. APT NES-'S, n, 1. Fitness ; suitableness. 2. Disposition of the mind ; propensity. 3. Quickness of apprehension ; readiness in learning ; docility. 4. Tendency, in things. AP'TOTE, 71. [Gr. a and Trrwo-tj.] In grammar, a noun which has no variation of termination ; an indeclinable noun. AP' Y-REX-Y, n. [Gr. a and Ttvptcaut.] The absence or in- termission of fever. AP'Y-ROUS, a. [Gr. airvpoi.] Incombustible, or that sus- tains a strong heat without alteration of form or proper- ties. a'QUA, 71. [L. aqua ; Sp. agua.] Water ; a word much used in pharmacy, and the old cheinistry A-QUA FOR'TIS, in the old chemistry, is now called nitric acid. A-QUA MA-RI'NA. A name which jewelers give to the beryl, on account of its color. A-QUA MI-RAB'I-LIS, A medical water. A-QUA Re'GI-A, in the old chemistry, is now called nitro muriatic acid. A-QUA VI'TiE. Brandy, or spirit of wine. A-QUa'RI-AN, n. One of a sect of Christians, in the primi tive church, who consecrated water in the eucliarist, in stead of wine. A-QUa'RI-US, 77. [L.] The water bearer ,• a sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 21st of January. A-QUAT'IC, a. [Y,. aquatic as.] Pertaining to water ; ap-' plied to animals which live in water, as fislies. Aquatical is rarely used. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j— Bl^LL, UNITE ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete ARB 48 AlC A-CIUAT'I€. 71. A plant which grows in water, as the flag. Aa'UA-TILE, a. Thai iuliabits the water. Brown. [Rarely iised.] Aa-UA-TINT'A, n. [L. aqua, and It. tinta.] A method of etcliing on copper, by which a beautiful effect is produced, resembling a fine drawing in water colors or Indian ink. AQ,'UE-DU€T, n. [L. aqua and ductus.] A structure made for cc nveying water from one place to another, over un- even ground, either above or under the suiface t A-Q.Uk'1-TY, 71. VValeriness. Jonsun. A'Q,UE-('US, a. Watery; partakingof the nature of v/ater, _ or abounding with il. a'Q,UE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being watery ; wa- terishness ; vvateriness. AQ,'UI-LA, 71. [L.] In ornithology, the eagle. Also, a northern crnstellation. AGllJl-LiNE, a. [L. aquilinus.] 1. Belonging to the eagle. 2. Curving 5 hooked ; prominent, like tlie beak of an eagle. Aa'UI-LON, 71. [L. aquilo.] The north wind. Aa-UI-TA'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aquitania, one of the great divisions of Gaul. tA-QUoy£', a. [li.aqua.] Watery. Diet. t A-aUOS'1-TY, n. Wateriness. Diet. A. R. stand for aimo regni^xhe year of the king's reign ; as, A. R. G. R. 20, in the 20th year of the reign of King George. AR'A-BESaUE, )a. 1. In the manner of the Arabians ; A-R-A-BESK'Y, \ applied to ornaments consisting of imaginary foliage, stalks, plants, &c., in which there are no figures of animals. 2. The Arabic language. [JVot in use.] A-Ra'BI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arabia. A-Ra'BI-AN, n. A native of Arabia •, an Arab. AR'A-BI€, a. Belonging to Arabia, or the language of its inhabitants. AR'A-El€, 71. The language of the Arabians. A-RAB'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the Arabian manner. AR'A-BISM, n. An Arabic idiom or peculiarity of language. Stuart. AR'A-BIST, n. One well versed in Arabic literature. AR'A-BLE, a. [L. are.'] Fit for plowing or tillage 5 hence, often applied to land which has been plowe-.l. AR'A-PY, 71. Arabia. Milton. A-RAtJH'NOID, a. [Gr. apao^i'T? and £(5oj.] In anatomy, the arachnoid tunic, or arachnoid, is a semitransparent, thin membrane, which is spread over the brain and pia mater. A-RA€H'NOrD, n. A species of madrepore, found fossil. AR-A-eH<^^>SIAN, a. Designating a chain of mountains which divide Persia from India. AR-AI-GNEB,or AR-RAlGi\', (ar-rane')7?.. [Fr.] In for- tification, the branch, return, or gallery of a mine. t A-Ra1*E', i5.t. To raise. Shak. AR-A-Mk'AiV, a. Pertaining to Aram, a son of Shem, or to the Chaldeans. AR'A-JMISM, n. An idiom of the Aramean, or Chaldee lan- guage •, a Chaldaism. A-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. aranea.] Resembling a cobweb. t A-Ra'TION, 71. [L. aratio.] Plowing. * ARA-TO-RY, a. That contributes to tillage. AR-AU-Ca'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Araucanians. Mo- lina. aR'BA-LIST, n. [L. arcus and balista.] A cross-bow. AR'BA-LItfT-ER, n. A cross-bowman. AR BI-TER, 7!. [L.] 1. A person appointed, or chosen by parties in controversy, to decide their differences. 2. A person who has the power of judging and determining, without control. 3. One that commands the destiny, or hol(J_s the empire, of a nation or state. t AR'B1-TER,7J. t. To judge. Iluloet. AR'BI-TRA-BLE, a. Arbitrary ; depending on the will. Spelman. AR-BIT'RA-MENT, 71. 1. Will ; determination. 2. The award of arbitrators. Cowel. AR'BI-TRA-RI-LY, atfu. By will only ; despotically ; ab- solutely. « AR BI-TRA-RI-NESS, n. The quaL^y of being arbitrary ; despoticalness ; tyranny. tAR-BI-TRA'RI-OUS, a. Arbitrarv ; despotic. r AR-BI-TRa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Arbitrarily. AR'BT-TRA-RY, a. [L. arbitrarins.] 1. Depending on will or discretion ; not governed by any fixed rules. 2. Des- potic ; absolute in power ; having no external control. AR'BI-TRATE, v. i. [L. arbitror.] To hear and decide as arbitrators. ARBITRATE, v. t. To decide ; to determine ; to judge of. Milton . AR-BI-TRa'TION, 71. 1. The hearing and determination of a cause between parties in controversy, by a pei^son or persons ohrsen by the parties. 2. A hearing before arbi- trators, though they make no award. [This is a common use of the word in the United States.] AR'BI-TRA-TOR, n. 1. A person chosen by a party, or bv the parties who have a controversy, to determine their differences. 2. An arbiter, governor, or president. 3 An arbiter ; one who has the power of deciding or pre scribing without control. Addison. AR-BI-TRA'TRIX, 71. A female judge. Sherwood AR-BIT'RE-MENT, n. Decision ; compromise. AR'BI-TRESS, n. A female arbiter. ARBOR, 71. 1. A frame of lattice-work, covered with vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade ; a bower. — 2. In botany, a tree, as distinguished from a shrub. — 3. In mechanics, the principal part of a machine, sustaining the rest. AR'BO-RA-RY, a. Belonging to a tree. Diet. AR'BO-RA-TOR, 71. One who plants or who prunes trees. Evelyn. AR-Bo'RE-OUS, a [L. arboreus.] Belonging to a tree ; re- sembling a tree ; constituting a tree ; growing on trees. AR-BO-RES CENCE, n. [L. arboresco.] The figure of a tree ; the resemblance of a tree in minerals, or crystaliza- tions, or groups of crystals in that form. AR-BO-RES€Ei\'T, a. 1. Resembling a tree ; having the figure of a tree ; dendritical. 2. From herbaceous becom- ing woody. AR-BO-RES CENT STAR-FISPI. A species of asterias, called also caput Medusa. AR'BO-RET, 77. [It. arboreto.] A small tree or shrub ; a place planted or overgrown with trees. t AR-BOR'I-€AL, a. Relating to trees. Hoicel. AR'BO-RIST, n. One who makes trees his study, or who is versed in the knowledge of trees. AR-BOR-I-Za'TION, n. The appearance or figure of a tree or plant in minerals or fossils. AR'BOR-iZE, V. t. To form the appearance of a tree or plant in minerals. AR'BOR-VINE, n. A species of bind-weed. AR'BUS-CLE, 77. [L. arbusculus.] A dwarf tree, in size between a shrub and a tree. AR-BUS'€ll-EAR, a. Resembling a shrub ; having the fig- ure of small trees. AR-BUST'IVE, a. Containing copses of trees or shrubs; covered v/ith shrubs. Bartram. AR-BUST'UM, 71. A copse of shrubs or trees ; an orchard. AR'BUTE, 77. [L. arbutus.] The strawberry-tree. AR-Bu'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to the strawberry-tree. AR€, 71. [L. arcus.] In geometry, any part of the circum- ference of a circle, or ciu-ved line, lying fiom one point to another ; a segment, or pait of a circle, not more than a semicircle. AR-€aDE', n. [Fr.] A long or continued arch ; a walk arched above. Johnson. AR-€a'DI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to Arcadia, a district in Pel AR-€a'DI€, \ oponnesus. AR-€a'DICS, 77. The title of a book in Pausanias, which treats of Arcadia. AR-Ca'DY, 71. The country of Arcadia. Milton. AR-CaNE', a. [L. arcanus.] Hidden ; secret. [L. u.] AR-CaWUM, 71. [L.] A secret ; generally used in the plu- ral, arcana, secret things, mysteries. AR€-BOU'TANT, n. [Fr.] In building, an arched but- tress. ARCH, 77. [See Arc] 1. A segment, or part of a circle. A concave or hollow structure of stone or brick, supported by its own curve. 2. The space between two piers of a bridge, when arched ; or any place covered with an arch. 3. Any curvature, in form of an arch. 4. The vault of heaven, or sky. — Triumphal arches are magnificent stmc- tures at the entrance of cities, erected to adorn a triumph, and perpetuate the memory of the event. ARCH, V. t. To cover with an arch ; to form with a curve. ARCH, V. i. To make an arch or arches. Pope. ARCH, a. [It. arcare.] Cunning ; sly ; shrewd ; waggish ; mischievous for sport ; mirthful. ARCH, a. [used also in composition.] [Gr ap;^off.] Chief, of the first class; principal. Shakspeare uses this word as a noun ; " My worthy arch and patrons ;" but the use is not authorized. AR'€HA-ISM, 77. [Gr. a^^x^aioq.] An ancient or obsolete phrase or expression. t AR-€Ha'I€, a. Old fashioned ; ancient. ARCH-aN'GEL, n. 1. An angel of the highest order ; an angel occupying the eighth rank in the celestial hierarchy 2. The name of several plants, as the dead-nettle, or la mium. AR€H-AN-6EL'I€, a. Belonging to archangels. ARCH-A-POS'TATE, 71. A chief apostate. ARCH-A-POS'TLE, 71. The chief apostle. ARCH-AR€H'I-TE€T, n. The Supreme Architect. ARCH-BeA'CON, 77. The chief beacon, place of prospect, or signal. ARCH-BISH'OP, n. A chief bishop ; a church dignitary of the first class ; a metropolitan bishop, who superintends the conduct of the suffragan bishops, in his province, and also exercises episcopal authority in his own diocese. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT •,— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— t Obsolete ARC 49 ARC \.RCH-BISH'OP-RT€, n. The jurisdiction, place, or prov- ince of an archbishop. ARGH-BOTCH'ER, n. The chief botcher, or mender, ircni- cally. Corbet. ARCH-BUILD ER, ) „ p,. , ^. u„:iriov Ur,^^.^ ARCH-BILD'ER, i "" ^^^^^ ''"^^^^^- Harrrmr. 4.RCH-BUT'LER, n. A cliief butler ; an officer of the Ger- man empire, who presented the cup to the emperor, on solemn occasions. ARCH-CHAM'BER-LAIN, n. A chief chamberlain; an officer of the German empire. ARCH-CHAN CEL-LOR, n. A chief chancellor ; an officer in the German empire. ARCH-CHANT'ER, n. The chief chanter, or president of *he chanters of a church. ARCH-€HEM'ie, a. Of supreme chemical powers. ARCH-€ON-SPIIl'A-TOR, n. Principal conspirator. ARCH-€OUNT', n. A cliief count ; a title formerly given to the earl of Flanders. ARCH-€R1T'[€, w. A chief critic. ARCH-DAP'1-FER, n. An officer in the German em- pire. ARCH-DeA'€ON, (arch-de'kn) n. [See Deacon.] In Eng- land, an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a bishop, who has jurisdiction either over a part or over the whole diocese. ARCH-DeA'CON-RY, n. The office, jurisdiction, or resi- dence of an archdeacon. ARCH-DeA'_€ON-SHIP, n. The office of an archdeacon. ARCH-DI-ViNE', n. A principal theologian, ARCH-DRu'ID, n. A chief druid, or pontiff of the ancient AmiAs. Henry. ARCH-DU'€AL, a. Pertaining to an archduke. ARCH-DUCH'ESS, n. A title given to the females of the house of Austria. ARCH-DUCH'Y, n. The territory of an archduke or arch- duchess. Ash. ARCH-DuKE', n. A title given to princes of the house of Austria. ARCH-DuKE'DOM, 71. The territory or jurisdiction of an archduke or archduchess. ARCH'ED, pp. Made with an arch or curve ; covered with an arch. ARCH-EN'E-MY, 71. A principal enemy. Milton. AR-€HE-0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a treatise on an- tiquity, or to the knowledge of ancient things. AR-€HE-0L'0-GY, n. [Gr. a^X'^'-°^ ^^^ Xoyo?.] A dis- course on anti>iuity ; learning or knowledge which re- spects ancient times. Panopiist. ARCH'ER, n. [Sp. archero ; It. arcidro ; Fr. archer.] A bowman ; one who uses a bow in battle ; one who is skilled in the use of the bow and arrow. ARCH'E-RB^S, n. A female archer. Markham. ARCH'E-RY, n. The use of the bow and arrow ; the prac- tice, art, or skill of archers ; the act of shooting with a bow and arrow. ARCH'ES-€oURT, in England, so called from the church of St. Mary le bow, (de arcubus,) whose top is raised of stone pillars built archwise, where it was anciently held, is a court of appeal, in the ecclesiastical polity, belonging to the archbishop of Canterbury. AR'€HE-Ty-PAL, a. Original ; constituting a model or pattern. AR'CHE-TyPE, n. [Gr. apx^rvnov.] 1. The original pat- tern or model of a work ; or the model from which a thing is made. — 2. Among minters, the standard weight, by which others are adjusted. — 3. Among Platonidts, the archetypal world is the world as it existed in the idea of God before the creation. AR-€He'US, 71. [Gr. ap;^?/, beginning, or ap^oi, a chief; W. erchi.] A term used by the ancient chemists, to de- note the internal efficient cause of all things. ARCH-FEL'ON, 71. A chief felon. Milton. ARCH-FIeND', (arch-feend') n. A chief fiend or foe. ARCH-FLAM EN, n. A chief flamen or priest. ARCH-FLAT TER-ER, n. A chief ilatterer. ARCH-FoE', n. A grand or chief enemy. ARCH-FOUND'ER, 71. A chief founder. Milton. ARCH-GoV'ERN-OR, 71. The chief governor. ARCH-HER'E-SY, n. The greatest heresy. Butler. ARCH-HER'E-TI€, 71. A chief heretic. Shak. ARCH-Hi'E-REY, 71. [Gr. ap;^oj and tspoj.] A chief priest in Russia. Tooke. ARCH-HYP'0-€RITE, 71. A great or chief hypocrite. AR€H'I-A-TER, n. [Gr. apxos and larpos.] Chief physi- cian ; a word used in Russia. Tooke. AR€H'I-€AL, a. Chief: primary. Hallywell. AR-€HI-DI-A€'0-NAL,' a. [See Deacon.] Pertaining to an archdeacon. AR-CHI-E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. Belonging to an archbishop. ARCH'lL, n. A lichen which grows on rocks. AR-€HI-Lo'€HI-AN, a. Pertaining to Archilochus, the poet, who invented a verse of seven feet. AR€H'I-MA-Grs, re. The high priest of the Persian ma the ground, and covet. ng the small shoots with earth. AR'€U-BA-LIST, n. [L. arcus and balista.] A cross- bow. AR-€CT-BA-LIS'TER, n. A cross-bowman 5 one who used the arbalist. ARD, Jhe termination of many English words, is the Ger. art, species, kind ; Sw. and Dan. art, mode, nature, genius, form. We observe it in Ooddard, a divine tem- per ; Giffard, a disposition to gine, liberality ; Bernard, filial affection ; standard, drunkard, dotard, lver. Howel. AE'GIL, n. A species of the ardea, or genus of cranes. AR'GIL, n. [L. argilla.] In a general serise, clay, or pot- ter's earth ; but in a technical sense, pure clay, or alu- mine. AR-gIL-La'CEOUS, a. [L. argillaceus.] Partaking of the nature of clay ; clayey ; consisting of argil. AR-GIL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. argilla and fero.] Producing clay. AR'GIL-LITE, 71. Argillaceous shist or slate ; clay-slate ICirwan. AR-GIL-LIT'I€, a. Pertaining to argillite. AR-GIL-LO-eAL'ClTE, n. [L. argilla and calx.] A spe- cies of calcarious earth, with a large proportion of clay. AR-GIL-LO-MU'RITE, n. [L. argilla.] A species of earth, consisting of magnesia, mixed with silex, alumine, and lime ; a variety of magnesite. AR-GIL'LOUS, a. Consisting of clay ; clayey ; partaking of clay ; belonging to clay Brown. AR'GIVE, a. Designating what belongs to Argos, the capital of Argolis in Greece, whose inhabitants were called Argivi. AR'GO, 71. The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four companions to Colchis. AR'GO-Na'VIS, the ship Jirgo, is a constellation in the southern hemisphere. AR-Go'AN, a. Pertaining to the ship Argo. Faber. AE-GOL'I€, a. Belonging to Argolis. AR-G0L'I€S, 7i. The title of a chapter in Pausanias, which treats of Argolis. AR'GO-NAUT, n. [Gr. Apyw and vavrr)^.] One of the per- sons who sailed to Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the golden fleece. AR-GO-NAUT'A, n. A genus of shell-fish, of the order of vermes testacea. AR-GO-NATJT'I€, a. Pertaining to the Argonauts. AR-GO-NAUT'I€S, n. A poem on the subject of the expe- dition of the Argonauts. ARGO-SY, 71. [Sp. Argos, Jason's ship.] A large mer- chantman; a carrac. Shak.' AR'GUE, V. i. [L. arguo.] 1. To reason ; to invent and offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opin- ion or measure. 2. To dispute ; to reason with ; follow- ed by with. AR'GUE, V. t. 1. To debate or discuss ; to treat by reason- ing. 2. To prove or evince ; to manifest by inference or * See Synopsis, a, K, T, O, V, ■? lo'.g.—FAR, FALL, WH^IlT ,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. ARI deduction, or to show reasons for. 3. To persuade by reasons. 4. Formerly, to accuse, or charge with ; a Latin sense, now obsolete. Dryden. APJGUED,pp. Debated; discussed; evinced; accused. AR'GU-EB,, 71. One who argues ; a reasoner ; a disputer ; a controvertist. 'AR'GU-ING, ppr. Inventing and offering reasons; disput- ing ; discussing ; evincing ; accusing. AR'UU-ING, n. Reasoning ; argumentation. AE'GQ-MENT, n. [L. argumentum.] 1. A reason offered for or against a proposition, opinion, or measure ; a reason offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind. -2. In logic, an inference drawn from premises, wliich are indisputable, or at least of probable truth. 3. The subject of a discourse or writing. Milton. 4, An abstract or summary of a book, or the heads of the subjects. 5. A debate or discussion ; a series of reasoning. — 6. In astron- omy, an arch by which we seek another unknown arch, proportional to the first. t aR'GU-jMENT, v. i. To reason ; to discourse. Oower. AR-GLT-MENT'A-BLE, a. That may be argued. Dr. Chal- mers. AR-GU-MENT'AL, a. Belonging to argument ; consisting in argument. Pope. AR-GU-MENT-A'TION, n. Reasoning ; the act of reason- ing ; the act of inventing or forming reasons, making in- ductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the case in discussion. AR-GU-MENT'A-TlVE, a. 1. Consisting of argument ; containing a process of reasoning. 2. Showing reasons for. AR-GU-MENT'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In an argumentative manner. Taylor. tAR'GLT-MENT-lZE, ^.i. To debate. t AR'GU-ME.NT-I-ZER, n. One who debates or reasons. Brady. AR'GUS, n. A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had a hundred eyes, placed by Juno to guard lo. AR'GUS-SHELL, n. A species of porcelain-shell, beautiful- ly variegated with spots. t AR-GCJ-Ta'TION, H. [L. argutatio.] Debate ; cavil; dis- putation. AR-GuTE', a. [1,. argutv^.] Sharp; shrill; witty. [Little used.] AR-GuTE'NESS, n. Acuteness ; wittiness. [Little used.] Dryden. a'R[-A, n. [It.] An air, song, or tune. A'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arius, or his doctrines. A'Rl-AN, 71. One who adheres to the doctrines of Arius. a'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of the Arians. A'RI-AN-IZE, V. i. To admit the tenets of the Arians. AR'ID, a. [L,. aridiis.] Dry; exhausted of moisture ; parch- ed with heat. AR'I-DAS, n. A kind of taffety, from the East Indies. A-RID I-TY, } n. 1. Dryness ; a state of behig without AR ID-NESS, ] moisture. 2. A dry state of the body ; emaciation. A'RI-ES, n. [L.] The Ram, a constellation of fixed stars ; the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac. *t AR'I-E-TATE, v. i. [L. arieto.] To butt, as a ram. AR-I-E-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of butting, as a ram. The act of battering with the aries or battering ram. 2. The act of striking or conflicting. [Rarely used.] AR-I-ET'TA, n. [It.] A short song ; an air, or little air. A RIGHT', adv. [Sax. gericht.] Rightly ; in aright form ; without mistake or crime. AR'IL, or A-RIL'LUS, n. The exterior coat or covering of a seed, fixed to it at the base only. AR'IL-LA-TED, ) a. Having an exterior covering, or aril, AR'TLLED, ) as coffee. Encyc. Eaton. AR'I-MAN, AR'I-MA, or AH'RI-MAN, n. [Per. ahriman.] The evil genius or demon of the Persians. AR-I-O-La'TION, or HAR-I-O-La'TION, n. [L. ariolus, or hariolus.] A soothsaying ; a foretelling. Brown. AR-I-o'SO, a. [It.] Light ; airy. But, according to Rous- seau, applied to music, it denotes a kind of melody bor- dering on the majestic style of a capital air. A-RlSE', V. i. pret. arose ; pp. arisen .- (a-rize', a-roze', a-rizn') [Sax. arisan.] 1. To ascend, mount up, or move to a higher place. 2. To emerge from below the horizon. 3. To get out of bed ; to leave the place or state of rest ; or to leave a sitting or lying posture. 4. To begin ; to spring up ; to originate. 5. To revive from death ; to leave the grave, 6. To begin to act ; to exert power ; to move from a state of inaction. 7. To appear, or become known ; to become visible, sensible or operative. 8. To be put in motion ; to swell or be agitated. 9. To invade, assault or begin hostility ; followed by against. A-RlS'ING, ppr. Ascending ; moving upward ; originating or proceeding ; getting up ; springing up ; appearing. A-R!ST'A, n. [L.] In botany, awn, the long, pointed beard, which issues from the hiisk, or scaly flower-cup of the called the glume. Milne. 51 ARM AR-IS-TaR'€HY, n. [Gr. apiaros and apyrj.] A body of good men in power, or government by excellent men Marington AR-lS-TO€'Rx\-CY, n. [Gr. apicros and Kpareu).] A form of government, in which the whole supreme power ig vested in the principal persons of a state. 2. A few men distinguished by their rank and opulence. AR'-IS-T0-CRAT,^^. One who favors an aristocracy in prin- ciple or practice. Burke. A-RlS-TO-€RAT'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to aristocracy. A-R[S-TO-€RAT'I-€AL,J 2. Partaking of aristocracy. A-RIS-TO-eRAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In an aristocratical man- ner. A-RIS-TO-eRAT'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being aristocratical. AR-IS-TOG'RA-TY, n. The same as aristocracy. Burtcn AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aristotle. AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN, n. A follower of Aristotle, who founded the_sect of Peripatetics. AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN-ISM, n. The philosophy or doctrines of Aristotle. AR-IS-T0-TEL'I€, a. Pertaining to Aristotle or to his phi- losophy. *AR'ITH-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. apiBnos and ixavreia.] Divina- tion or the foretelling of future events by the use or obser- vation of numbers. A-RITH'ME-TI€,7f. [Gr. apid^rjTiKr}.] The science of num- bers, or the art of computation. AR-ITH-MET'I€, ; a. Pertaining to arithmetic ; ac- AR-1TH-MET'I-€AL, \ cording to the rules or method of arithmetic. AR-ITH-MET'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the rules, principles or method of arithmetic. A-RITH-ME-Ti"CIAN, n. One skilled in arithmetic, or versed in the science of numbers. ARK, n. [Fr. arche ; L. area.] 1. A small, close vessel, chest or coffer, such as that which was the repository of the tables of the covenant among the Jews. The vessel in which Moses was set afloat upon the Nile was an ark of bulrushes. 2. The large, floating vessel, in which Noah and his family were preserved during the deluge. 3. A depository. 4. A large boat used on American riv- ers,_to transport produce to market. ARK ITE, n. A term used by Bryant to denote one of the persons who were preserved in "the ark ; or who, accord- ing to pagan fables, belonged to the ark. ARK'lTE, a. Belonging to the ark. Bryant. ARK'TI-ZlTE, or AR€'TI-ZlTE, n. Amineral, now called Wernerite. ARM, 72. [Sax. arm, earm ; D. G. Sw. Dan. arm; L. ar- 7nv^.] 1. The limb of the human body, which extends from the shoulder to the hand. 2. The branch of a tree, or the slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis. 3. A narrow inlet of water from the sea. 4. Figurative- ly, power, might, strength ; as the secular arm. ARM, V. t. [L. armo ; Fr. armer ; Sp. armar ; It. armare.] 1. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or de- fense. 2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, or security. 3. To furnish with means of defense ; to prepare for resistance ; to fortify. ARM, V. i. To provide with arms, weapons, or means of at- tacker resistance ; to take arms. AR-Ma'DA, n. [Sp.] A fleet of armed ships ; a squadron The term is usually applied to the Spanish fleet, called the Invincible .Armada, consisting of 130 ships, intended to act against England in the reign of Elizabeth. AR-MA-DIL'LO, n. [Sp.] A quadruped peculiar to Ameri- ca, called also tatoo, and in zoology, the dasypus. AR'MA-MENT, n. [L. armamenta.] A body of forces equip ped for war ; used of a land or naval force. • AR-MA-MENT'A-RY, n. An armory ; a magazine or arsenal. [Rarely used.] AR'MA-TURE, 7!. [L. armatura.] 1. Armor; Uiat which de fends the body. — 2. In ancient military art, an exercise per formed with missive weapons, as d?>rts, spears and arrows AR'MAN, n. A confection for restoring appetite in horses Diet. ARMED, ;?p. 1. Furnished with weapons of offense or de- fense ; furnished with the means of security ; fortified, in a moral sense. — 2. In heraldry, armed is when the beaks, talons, horns, or teeth of beasts and birds of prey are of a different color from the rest of the body. 3. Capped and cased, as the load stone ; that is, set in" iron. ARMEJp-CIIAIR, n. An elbow-chair AR-Me'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Armenia. AR-Me'NI-AN, n. A native of Armenia, or the language of the country. Arvieman bole is a species of clay from Armenia, and found in other countries. Armenian stone, a soft blue stone, consisting of calcarious earth or gvpsum, with the oxyd of copper. t AR-MENT'AL, ) a. [L. armentalis.] Belonging to a drove t AR-MENT'INE, or herd of cattle. Diet. See Synov^ MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete ARO 52 ARR t AR-MEN-TOSE', a. Abounding with cattle. Diet. ARME-PU-ISSANT, a. Powerful in arms. JVeever. ARM'FUL, 71 As much as the arms can hold. t aRM'GaUNT, c. Slender, as the arm. Shak. ARM'HoLE, n 1. The cavity under the shoulder, or the armpit. 2. A hole for the arm in a garment. AR-M16 ER-OL' S, a. [L.armiger.] Liter ally, hearing arms. But in present usage, armiger is a title of dignity next in degree to a knight. Armiger is still retained with us as a title of respect, being the Latin word equivalent to esquire, which see. &R'MIL-LA-RY, a. [1,. armilla.] Resemblmg a bracelet, or ring : consisting of rings or circles. r AR'MIL-LA-TED, a. Having bracelets. ARM'ING,ppr. Equipping with arms ; providing with the means of defense or attack. XRM'INGS, n. The same as waist-clothes, hung about a ship's upper works. Chambers. AR-MIN'IAN, a. Pertaining to Arminius, or designating his principles. AR-MIN'IAN, n. One of a sect or party of Christians, so called from Arminius, or Harmansen. AR-MIN'IAN-ISM, n. The peculiar doctrines or tenets of the Arminians. AR-MIP'0-TENCE, n. [L. arma and potentia.] Power In arms. Johnson. AR-MIP'O-TENT, a. Powerful in anns. AR-MIS'0-NOUS, a. Sounding or rustling in arms. AR'MlS-TlCE, n. [L. arma and sisto ; Fr. armistice.] A cessation of arms, for a short time, by convention ; a tnice ; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement of the parties. ARM'LESS, a. Without an arm ; destitute of weapons. Beaumont. ARM'LET, n. A little arm ; a piece of armor for the arm ; a bracelet. Drijden. AR-MO'NI-A€, n. A sort of volatile salt. See Ammoniac. &R'MOR, n. 1. Defensive arms ; any habit worn to protect the body in battle ; formerly called harness. Coat-armor is the escutcheon of a person or family. XR'MOR-BEaR-ER, n. One who carries the armor of another. AR'MOR-ER, n. A maker of armor or arms ; a manufactur- er ofjnstruments of war. AR-Mo'RI-AL, a. Belonging to armor, or to the arms or escutcheon of a family. AR-MOR'I€, or AR-MOR'I-€AN, a. Designating the north- western part of France, formerly called Armorica. AR-MOR'I€, n. The language of the Armoricans ; one of the Celtic dialects. AR-MOR'I-€AN, n. A native of Armorica. AR MOR-TST, n. One skilled in heraldry. AR'MO-RY, 71. 1. A place where arms and instruments of war are deposited. 2. Armor ; defensive arms. 3, En- signs armorial. 4. The knowledge of coat-armor ; skill in heraldry. S.RM'PIT, 71. The hollow place under the shoulder. ARMS, n. plu. [L, arma ; Fr. aryne ; Sp. It. arma.] 1. Weapons of otiense, or aiTnor for defense and protection of the body. 2. War ; hostility, 3. The ensigns armorial of a family. Fire arms are such as may be charged with powder, as cannon, muskets, mortars, &c. A stand of arms consists of a musket, bayonet, cartridge-box and belt, with a sword. — In falconry, arms are the legs of a hawk from the thigh to tiie foot. ARMS-END, 71. At the end of the arms ; at a good distance. ARMS'REACH, 71. Within the stretch of the arm. AR'MY, n. [Fr. armie.] 1. A collection or body of men armed for war. 2. A great number ; a vast multitude. AR'NOLD-IST, n. A disciple of Arnold of Brescia. AR'NOT, n. A name of the bunium, pignut or earthnut. AR-NOT'TO, n. The a7iotta, which see. Also, a tree so called. AR'NUTS, n. Tall oat grass. fA-ROINT'. SeeABOYNT. A-Ro'MA, ) 71. [Gr. apu)[ia.] The quality of plants which AR O-MA, ) constitutes their fragrance. AR-0-MAT'IC, or AR-O-MAT I-CAL, a. Fragrant ; spicy ; strong-scented ; odoriferous ; having an agreeable odor. AR-0-j\IAT'I€, n. A plant which yields a spicy, fragrant smell, or awarm, pungent taste. AR'0-MA-TiTE, n. A bituminous stone. Coze. AR-O-MAT-I-Za TION, n. The act of impregnating or scenting with aroma, or rendering aromatic. * AR'O-MA-TlZE, v. t. To impregnate with aroma ; to in- fuse an aromatic odor ; to give a spicy scent or taste ; to perfume. * AR'O-MA-TlZEJ), pp. Impregnated with aroma ; rendered fragrant. * AR'O-MA-TI-ZER, n. That which communicates an aro- matic quality. Evelyn. * AR'O-MA-TI-ZING, ppr. Rendering spicy ; impregnating with aroma. A-RoMA-TOUS, a. Containing aroma, or the principle ot fragrance. AR'OPH, 71. 1. A name by which saffron is sometimes called. 2. A chemical preparation of Paracelsus, formed by sublimation from equal quantities of hematite and sal a7nm.jniac. A-RcSE'. The past or preterit tense of the verb to arise. A-ROUND', prep. 1. About ; on all sides 5 encircling ; en- compassing. 2. In a looser sense, from place to place ; at random. A-ROUND', adv. 1. In a circle ; on every side. 2. In a looser sense, at random ; without any fixed direction. A-Rc5U RA, n. [Gr.] A Grecian measme of fifty feet. A-ROUSE', (a-rbuz') v. t. To excite into action that which is at rest ; to stir, or put in motion or exertion, that which is languid. A-ROUS'ED, (a-rouzd') pp. Excited into action ; put in mo- tion. A-ROUS'ING, ppr. Putting in motion ; stirring ; exciting into action or exertion. A-RoW", adv. In a row ; successively. t A-ROYNT', adv. Be gone : away Shak. AR-PEG'6IO, n. [It.] The distinct sound of the notes of an instrumental chord, accompanying the voice. Walker. AR'PENT, 7t. [Fr. arpe7it.] A portion of land in France, ordinarily containing one "hundred square rods or perches, each of 18 feet. Rut the arpent is different in different parts of France. AR-aUE-BU-SADE', n. 1. A distilled liquor applied to a bruise. 2. The shot of an arquebuse. AR'aUE-BUSE, or HAR'QUE-BUSE, n. A hand gun ; a species of fire arms, anciently used, which was cocked with a wheel. _ AR-Q,UE-BU-SIeR', n. A soldier armed with an arque- buse. f ARR, 71. A mark made by a flesh wound, a cicatrice. Relph. t AR'RA, 71. [L. arrha, or arra.] A pledge. Anderson. AR'RACH, 71. A plant. See Orrach, AR-RACK', 71. Contracted into rack. A spirituous liquor imported from the East Indies, which usually bears this name, is toddy, a liquor distilled from the juice of the co- coa-nut tree^ procured by incision. AR'RA-GO-NlTE, n. In mineralogy, a species of carbonate of lime, but not pure. AR-RaIGN', (ai rane') v. t. [Norm, arraner.] 1. To call or set a prisoner at the bar of a court, to answer to the matter charged against him in an indictment or information. 2. According to law writers, to set in order 5 to fit for trial. 3. To accuse ; to charge with faults 5 to call before the bar of reason or taste. AR-RaIGN', (ar-rane') 71. Arraignment ; as, clerk of the arraigns. Blackstone. AR-RaIGN'ED, (ar-rand') pp. Called before a tribunal to answer, and elect triers ; accused ; called in question. AR-RaIGN'ING, ppr. Calling before a court or tribunal ; accusing. AR-RaIGN'MENT, (ar-rane'ment) 7i. [Norm, arresnemcnt, arraij7iement.] 1. The act of arraignmg, 2. Accusation 3. A calling in question for faults. I AR-RaI'MENT, n. Clothes ; garments. We now use rai- ment. f AR'R AND, 71. The old word for erra7id ; message. How- ell. _ AR-RaN6E', v. t. [Fr. a7^ffl7?^er.] 1. To put in proper order ; to dispose the parts of a whole in the manner in- tended, or best suited for the piu-pose. 2. To adjust ; to settle ; to put in order •, to prepare. AR-RaN6'ED, (ar-ranjd') pp. Put in order ; disposed in the proper order ; adjusted. AR-RaNGE'MENT, n. 1. The act of putting in proper or- der ; the state of being put in order ; disposition in suita- ble form. 2. That which is disposed in order ; system of parts disposed in due order. 3. Preparatory measure ; previous disposition. 4. Final settlement ; adjustment by agieement. 5. Classification of facts relating to a sub- ject, in a regular, systematic order. AR-RaN6'ER, 71. One that puts in order. AR-RaNG'ING, ppr. Putting in due order or form ; ad ■ justing. AR'RANT, a Notorious, in an ill sense ; infamous ; mere ; vile. AR RANT-LY, adv. Notoriously, in an ill sense ; infa- mously ; impudently ; shamefully. AR'RAS, n. [from Arras, in Artois, where this article is manufactured.] Tapestry ; hangings wove with fig ures. t AR-RAUGHT', a. Seized by violence. Spenser. AR-RaY', n. [Norm, araie.] 1. Order ; disposition in regu lar lines ; as an army in battle array. Hence, a posture of defense. 2. Dress ; garments disposed in order upon the person. Dryden.—3. In law, the act of impanneling a jury ; or a jury impanneled. * See Synopsis. A, fi, T, O, V, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD •,— j Obsolete ARR AR-RaY', v. t 1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for battle. 2. To deck or dress ; to adorn with dress, 3. To set a jury in order for the trial of a cause ; that is, to call them man by man. Blackntone, 4. To envelop. AR-RaY'ED, (ar-rade') pp. Set in order, or in lines ; ar- ranged in order for attack or defense ; dressed : adorned by dress ; tmpanneled. AR-RaY'£R, 11. One who arrays.— In English history, an officer who had a commission of array, to put the soldiers of a county in a condition for military service. AR-RaY'ING, ppr. Setting in order; putting on splendid raiment ; impanneling. t AR-ReAR', adv. [Fr. arriere.l Behind ; at the hinder part^ Spenser. AR-Re.AR', n. That which is behind in payment, or which remains unpaid, though due. — In arrear, behind in pay- menu AR-ReAR'A6E, n. Arrears ; any sum of money remaining unpaid, after previous payment of a part. f AR-ReAR'AKCE, n. The same with arrear. Diet. AR-RE€T , or AR-RE€T'ED, a. [L. arrectus.] Erect ; at- tentive ; as a person listening. t AR-RE€T', V. t. To raise or lift up. Skelton. AR-REN-Ta'-TION, n. [Sp. arrendar.] In the forest laws of England, a licensing the owner of land in a forest to inclose it with a small ditch and low hedge, in considera- tion of a yearly rent. Cowel. AR-REP-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. arreptus.] 1. Snatched away. 2. [ad and repo.'] Crept in privily. Johnson. AR-REST', v. t. [Fr. arriter.] 1. To obstruct ; to stop ; to check or hinder motion. 2. To take, seize or apprehend by virtue of a warrant from authority. 3. To seize and fix. 4. To hinder, or restrain. AR-REST', n. 1. The taking or apprehending of a person by vutue of a warrant from authority. 2. Any seizure, or taking by power, physical or moral. 3. A stop.hinderance or restraint. — 4. In law, an arrest of judgment is the stay- ing or stopping of a judgment after verdict, for causes assigned. 5. A mangy humor between the ham and pas- tern of the hind legs of a horse. AR-REST-aTION, n. The act of arresting ; an aiTest or seizure . AR-REST'ED, pp. Seized ; apprehended ; stopped ; hin- dered ; restrained. AR-REST'ER, or AR-REST'OR, n. One who anests. AR-REST'ING, ppr. Seizing ; staying ; restraining. AR-REST'MEj\'T, n. In Scots law, an arrest, or detention of a criminal, till he finds caution or surety, to stand trial. AR-RET', n. The decision of a court or council ; a decree published ; the edict of a sovereign prince. t AR-RET', V. t. To assign ; to allot. Spenser. + AR-RET'TED, a. Convened before a judge, charged with a crime. t AR-RiDE', V. t. [L. arrideo.l To laugh at ; to please well. Ben Jonson. AR-RIeRE', (ar-reer') n. The last body of an army ; now called rear, which see. — Arriere-ban, or ban and arriere- ban, a general proclamation of the French kings, by which not only their immediate feudatories, \)\A their vas- sals, were summoned to take the field for war. — Jlrriere- fee ox fief. A fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a fee held of a feudatory. — Arriere vassal. The vassal of a 53 ART AR-Rl* VAL, 71. I. The coming to, or reaching a place, from a distance. 2. The attainment or gaining of any ob- ject. t AR-RrVANCE, n. 1. Company coming. Shak. 2. Arrival ; a reaching in progress. Brown. AR-RlVE', V. i. [Fr. arriver.] 1. Literalhj, to come to the shore, or bank. Hence, to come to or reach in progress by water, followed by at. 2. To come to or reach by traveling on land. 3. To reach a point by progressive motion ; to gain or compass by eiSbit, practice, study, en- quiry, reasoning or experiment. 4. To happen or occur. tAR-RIVE', r.t. To reach. Shak. AR-RlVIXG, ppr. Coming to or reaching, by water or land ;_ gaining by research, efibrt or study. t AR-RoDE', V. t. [L. arrodo.] To gnaw or nibble. Diet. ^\R-Ro'BA, n. [Arabic] A weight, in Portugal, of thirty- two pounds ; in Spain, of twenty-five pounds. ARRO-GAXCE, n. [L. arrogantia.] The act or quality of taking much upon one's self •, that species of pride which consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation or power ; proud contempt of others ; couceitedness ; pre- sumption. AR'RO-GAN-CY, 7?. Arrogance. [This orthography is less us2ial.'\ AR'RO-GANT, a. 1. Assuming ; making, or having the disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estima- tion •, gi-^'ing one's self an undue degree of importance ; haughty ; conceited. 2. Containing arrogance ; marked with arrogance ; proceeding from undue claims or seif- iTipoi'ance. [Sax. earse.] The buttocks or hind part of an AR'RO-GANT-LY, adv. In an arrogant manner : with un- due pride or self-unportance. AR'RO-GANT-NESS, n. Arrogance. [Littleused.] AR'RO-GATE, v. t. [L. arrogo.] To assume, demand or challenge more than is proper ; to make undue claims, from vanity or false pretensions to right or merit. AR'RO-GA-TED, pp. Claimed by undue pretensions. AR'RO-GA-TING, ppr. Challenging or claiming more pow- er or respect than is just or reasonable. AR-RO-Ga'TION, 71. The act of arrogating, or making ex- orbitant claims ; the act of taking more than one is just'y entitled to. AR'RO-GA-TiVE, a. Assuming or making undue claims and pretensions. More. AR-ROND'iS-MENT, n. [Fr. arrondir.] A circuit : a dis- trict j a division or portion of territory in France. ' AR-Ro'SION, (ar-ro'zhun) n. [L. arrodo.] A gna-iving AR'RoW, 71. [Sax. areica.l A missive weapon of nSense, straight, slender, pointed and barbed, to be shot with a bow^ AR'RoW-GRaSS, n. A plant or genus of plants ; the trig- lochin. Mxihlenberg. AR'RoW-HEAD, 7!. 1. The head of an arrow. 2. Sagitta- ria ,• a genus of aquatic plants. AR'RoW-ROOT, n. 1. The maranta ; a genus of plants, natives of tlie Indies. 2. The starch of the maranta, or an-ow-root, a nutritive medicinal food. AR'RoW-Y, a. 1. Consisting of arrows. 2. Formed like an arrow. aRSE, 71. animal. tXRSE'FOOT, 7?. A kind of water-fowl. Diet. ARSE-SMART, 7?. The vulgar name of a species of polyg- onum, or knot-grass. AR'SE-NAL, n. [Sp. Port. It. Fi'.] A repository or maga- zine_of arms and military stores. AR-SeN'I-AC, or AR-SEN'I-€AL ACID. Arsenic combined with a greater proportion of oxygen, than in the arsenious acid^ AR-Se'NI-ATE, 77. A neutral salt, formed by arsenical acid combined with any metallic, earthy or saline base. ARSE'JNflC, 7!. [Gr. apueviKov ; Fr. arsenic.] A mineral sub- stance which is a virulent poison ; vulgarly called ratsbane. AR-SENT-CAL, a. Belonging to arsenic ; consisting of or containing arsenic. AR-SEN'I-€ATE, v. t. To combine with arsenic. AR-SEN'I-CA-TED, a. Combined with arsenic. AR-Se'NI-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or containing arsenic. AR'SE-NITE, 71. A salt formed by the arsenious acid, with a base. ARSH'INE, n. A Russian measure of more than two feet. aR'SON, (ar'sn) 7!. [Norm. Fr. arsine, arseun.] In law the malicious burning of a house of another man, which by the common law, is felony. ART. The second person, indicative mode, present tense of the substantive verb am. ART, 7!. [L. ars, artis.] 1. The disposition or modification of things by human skill, to answer the purpose intended. In this'sense, art stands opposed to nature. 2. A system of rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions ; opposed to science, or to speculative principles. 3. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain ac- tions, acquired by experience, study or observation. AR-TE-MIS'I-A, 7?. Mug-wort, southernwood, and worm- wood 5 a genus of plants. AR-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to an artery or the arteries. 2. Contained in an artery. AR-TE-RI-OT'0-MY, n. [Gr. aprrjpia and TOfiv.l The opening of an artery for the purpose' of letting blood. AR'TE-RY, n. [Gr. apTripia.] A cylindrical vessel or tube, which conveys the blood from the heart to all parts of the body. There are two principal arteries ; the aorta and the pulmonary artery. ART'FUL, a. 1. Performed with art or skill. 2. Artificial 3. Cunning •, practicing art, or stratagem ; crafty. 4 Proceeding from art or craft. ART'FUL-LY, adv. With art, or cimning ; skilfully ; dex- trously. ART FUL-NESS, n. Art ; craft ; cunning ; address AR-THRIT'I€, } a. Pertaining to the joints, or to the AR-THRIT'I-€AL, \ gout ; aflfecting the joints. AR-THRIT'IS, 71. [Gr. apdping.] Any painful disease of the joints ; but more particularly, the gout. AR-THRoDI-A, n. In anatomy, a species of articulation. AR'TIC. This word is, by mistake, used by some authors for arctic. AR'TI-CHOKE, n. [Fr. artichaut.] A plant somewhat re- sembling a thistle. The Jerusalem artichoke is a species of sun-flower. AR'TI-€LE, 7J. [Ij. articiilus.] 1. A single clause in a con- tract, account, treaty, or other writing ; a particular, sep- arate charge, or item, in an account j a term, condition, or stipulation, in a contract. 2. A point of faith. 3. A * See Synopsis. MoVE. BOQK. D6VE :— BIJLL. GNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in tAis. t Obsolete . ARU 54 ASC distinct part. Paley. 4. A particular commodity, or sub- stance. — 5. In botany, that part of a stalk or stem, which is between two joints. — 6. in grammar, an adjective used before nouns, to limit or define their application ; as, hie, ille, ipse, in Latin •, h, f], to, in Greek ; the, this, that, in English ; le. La, J.es, in French ; il, la, lo, in Italian. AR'Tl-CLE, t). £. 1. To draw up in distinct particulars. 2. To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. 3. To bind by articles of covenant or stipulation. XR'Ti-€L£, V. i. To agree by articles ; to stipulate. AR'T1-€L£D, pp. Drawn up in particulars ; accused or bound by articles. AR-TItJ'U-LAR, a. [L. articnlaris.] Belonging to the joints. AR-TI€'U-LATE, a. [L. articulatus.'] 1. Formed by joint- ing, or articulation of the organs of speech : applied to sound 2. Expressed in articles. [JVot used.'\ 3. Jointed j formed with joints. Botany. 4R-TI€'U-LATE, v. t. 1. To Utter articulate sounds ; to utter distinct syllables or words. 2. To draw up or write in separate particulars. [06s.] Shak. 3. To treat, stipulate or make terms. [06s.] Shak. 4. To joint. Smith. AR-TI€'U-LA-TED, pp. 1. Uttered distinctly in syllables or words. 2. Jointed ; having joints, as a plant. AR-Ti€'U-LATE-LY, adv. 1. With distinct utterance of syllables or vt'ords. 2. Article by article ; in detail. Paley. AR-TI€'U-LATE-NESS, n. The quality of being articulate. AR-TI€'U-LA-TING, ppr. Uttering in distinct syllables or words. AR-TI€-U-LA'TrON, n. 1. In anatomy, the joining or juncture of the bones. — 2. In botany, the connection of the parts of a plant by joints. 3. The forming of words by the human voice. 4. A consonant. XR'TI-FICE, 71. [L. artificium.'] 1. Stratagem; an artful or ingenious device. In a bad sense, it corresponds with trick, or fraud. 2. Art ; trade ; skill acquired by science or practice. [Rarely iLsed.] AR-TIF'I-CER, n. [L. artifez.] 1. An artist ; a mechanic or manufacturer. 2. One who makes or contrives ; an in- ventor. 3. A cunning, or artful fellow. [J\rot used.\ Ben Jonson. AR-TI-Fi''CIAL, a. 1. Made or contrived by art, or by hu- man skill and labor. 2. Feigned ; fictitious ; not genuine or natural. 3. Contrived with skill or art. 4. Cultivated ; not indigenous ; not being of spontaneous growth. t AR-TI-Fl"CIAL, r:. The production of art. Sir F/. Petty. AR-TI-Fi-Cl-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being artificial ; apjiearance of art. Shenstone. AR 'i'J -Fi"CI Ali-LY, adv. By art, or human skill and con- trivance •, with art or ingenuity. AR-TI-F]"CIAL-NESS, n. The quality of being artificial. f AR-TI-FICIOUS, a. Artificial. f aR TIL-ISE, or f ARTIZE, v. t. To give the appearance of art to. BoLinghroke, AR-TIL'LE-RY, n. This word has no plural. [Fr. artillc- rie.] 1. Offensive weapons of v/ar. 2. Cannon ; great guns ; ordnance. 3. The men v/ho manage cannon and mortars, with the officers, engineers, and" persons v/ho supply the artillery with implements and materials. XRT'I-SAN, n. [Fr. See Art.] An artist ; one skilled in any art, mystery or trade ; a handicrafts-man ; a mechan- ic ; a tradesman. ART'IST, ?i. [Fr. artiste.] 1. One skilled in an art or trade ; one who is master or professor of a manual art ; a good workman in any trade. 2. A skilful man ; not a novice. — 3. In an academical sense, a proficient in the faculty of arts 5 a philosopher. 4. One skilled in the fine arts •, as a painter, sculptor, architect, &c. ART'LESS, a. 1. Unskilful •, wanting art, or skill. 2. Free from guile, art, craft or stratagem ; simple ; sincere ; un- affected ; undesigning. 3. Contrived without skill or art. ART'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Without art or skill ; in an artless manner. 2. W^ithout guile ; naturally. ART'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of being void of art or guile ; simplicity , sincerity ; unaffectedness. AR'TO-TY-RlTE, n. [Gr. apros and rvpos.] One of a sect of heretics, ir the primitive church, who celebrated the eucbarist wit._ bread and cheese. •f ARTS-M_AN, 71. A learned man. Shak. AR-UN-De'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arundel ; as, jSrunde- liait marbles. A-RUN-DI-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. antndo.] Pertaining to a reed ; resembling the reed or cane. AR-UN-DIN'E-OUS, a. Abounding with reeds. A-Ru'RA, 71. [Gr. apovpa.] A piece of ground ; a plowed field ; a Grecian measure. A-RUSTEX, 71. [L.] A soothsayer. Dryden. A-RUS'PlCE, n. Written also haruspice. [L. aruspex, or haruspex.] A priest, in ancient Rome, whose business it was to inspect the entrails of victims killed in sacrifice, and by them to foretell future events. A-RU^'PI-CY, 71. The act of prognosticating by inspection of t":je ent.-ails of beasts slain in sacrifice. fAR'VEL, n. A funeral. Grose. Craven dialect.~ Arvet supper. The feast made at northern funerals. — .Brvel bread. Cakes given at funerals. Grose. AS, adv. [G. and D. als.] 1. Literally, like ; even ; simi- lar ; in like manner ; as, do as you are commanded. 2 It was formerly used where we now use that. Obs. 3. It was formerly used for as if. Obs. 4. WhUe ; during ; at the same time. " He trembled as he spoke." — 6.s, in a subsequent part of a sentence, answei-s to such ; give us such things as you please. ASj n. [L.] 1. A Roman weight of 12 ounces, answering to the libra or pound. 2. A Roman coin. 3. An integer ; a whole. AS'A A corruption of lasar, an ancient name of a gum See Ooze. AS'A-DUL'CIS. The same as benzoin. AS'A-FET'I-DA, n. [asa, and L. fmtidus.] A fetid gum- resin, from the East Indies. AS-A-RA-BA€'€A, n. [L. asarum.] A plant. AS-BES'TlNE, a. Pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of ita nature and qualities ; incombustible. AS-BES'TI-NlTE, n. The actinolite, or strahlstein.—Calcif- erous asbestinite ; a variety of steatite. AS-BES'TUS, or AS-BES'TOS, 71. [Gr. ac^eoTOi.-] A min- eral, which has frequently the appearance of a vegetable substance. It is always fibrous, and its fibres are some- times delicate, flexible, and elastic ; at other times, stiff and brittle, it is incombustible, and has been wrought into a soft, flexible cloth, which was formerly used as a shroud for dead bodies. AS-€a'RIS, n. ;plu. Ascar'ides. [Gr.] In zoology, a genus of intestinal worms. AS-CEND', V. i. [L. ascendo ^' 1. To move upwards ; to mount ; to go up ; to lise. 2. To rise, in a figurative sense ; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, &c. 3. To proceed from modern to ancient times ; to re- cur to former ages ; to proceed in a line towards ances- tors. — 4. In music, to rise in vocal utterance ; to pass from any note to one more acute. AS-CEND', V. t. To go or move upwards upon ; as, to as cend a hill ; to climb. AS-CEND'A-BLE, a. That may be ascended. AS-CEND'ANT, n. 1. Superiority or commanding influ- ence. 2. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy, or degrees of kindred ; opposed to descendant. 3. Height ; elevation. [Little used.] Temple. — 4. In astrology, that degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the time of one's birth. That part of the ecliptic at any par- ticular time above the horizon, supposed to have influence on a person's life and fortune. AS-CEND ANT, a. 1. Superior ; predominant ; surpassing. — 2. In astrology, above the horizon. AS-CEND'ED, pp. or a. Risen ; mounted up ; gone to heaven. AS-CEND'EN-CY, n. Power ; governing or controlling in- fluence. AS-CEND'ING, ppr. Rising ; moving upwards ; proceeding from the less to the greater ; proceeding from modern to ancient, from grave to more acute. — Ascending latitude is the latitude of a planet, when moving towards the north pole. — Ascending node is that point of a planet's orbit, wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. AS-CEN'SIOAT, ,!. [L. ascensio.] 1. The act of ascending ; a rising. It is frequently applied to the visible elevation of our Savior to heaven. 2. The thing ascending. [J^ot authorized.] AS-CEN'S10N-DaY, 77. A festival held on Holy Thursday, in commemoration of our Savior's ascension into heaven, after his resurrection. — Ascensional difference is the dif- ference between the right and oblique ascension of the same point on the surface of the sphere. AS-CEN SIVE, a, Pv,ising 5 tending to rise, or causing to rise. Journ. of Science. ASCENT', n. [L. ascensus.] 1. The act of rising ; motion upwards ; rise ; a mounting upwards. 2. The way by which one ascends ; the means of ascending. 3. An em inence, hill or high place. 4. The degree of elevation ot an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line. 5. Acclivity •, the rise of a hill. AS-CER-TaIN', v. t. [L. ad cerium.] 1. To make certain ; to define or reduce to precision, by removing obscurity or ambiguity. 2. To make certain, by trial, examination or experiment, so as to know what was before unknown. 3. To make sure by previous measures. 4. To fix ; to establish with certainty •, to render invariable. AS-CER-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be made certain in fact, or reduced to certainty. AS-CER-TaIN'ED, (as-ser-tand') pp. Made certain ; de- fined ; established ; reduced to a certainty. AS-CER-TaIN'ER, 71. The person who ascertains or makes certain . AS-CER-TAlN'ING,;7pr. Making certain ; fixing ; establish ing ; reducing to a certainty ; obtaining certain knowledge Sef Synopsis. A E, I 6 V,V long.— FAR, FALIi, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARlNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. ASK 55 ASP AS-CER-TaIN M£NT, n. The act of ascertaining ; a re- ducing to certainty ; certainty ; fixed rule. Swift> ^^eIIaNT ^' i ^^^ AcESCENCY, Acescent, AS-CET le, a. [Gr. aGKTjrog.] Retired from the world ; rigid •, severe ; austere ; employed in devotions and mor- tifications, AS-CET'I€, n. I. One who retires from the business of life, and devotes himself to piety and devotion ; a hermit ; a recluse. 2, The title of certain books, on devout exer- cises. \ AS-CET'I-CISM, n. The state of an ascetic. Warhurton. AS'CIAN, n. [L. ascii.'] A person, who, at certain times of the year, has no shadow at noon. AS'CI-TANS, n. [Gr, ao-/cof,] A sect or branch of Monta- nists, who appeared in the second century, AS-Cl'TES, n. [Gr. aaKOiJ] A dropsy, or tense, elastic swell- ing of the belly, with fiuctuation, from a collection of water. AS-CIT'I€, ) a. Belonging to an ascites ; dropsical ; AS-CIT'I-€AL, \ hydropical. AS-CI-Ti"TIOUS, a, [L. asciius.'] Additional ; added ; sup- plemental ; not inherent or original. AS-€Le'PI-AD, 71. In ancient poetry, a verse of four feet. AS-€Rl'BA-BLE, a. That may be ascribed. AS-€RiBE', V. t. [L. ascribo.] 1. To attribute, impute, or set to, as to a cause ; to assign, as effect to a cause. 2. To attribute, as a quality ; to consider or alledge to be- long. AS-€RIB'ED, (as-kribdO pp. Attributed or imputed ; con- sidered or alledged as belonging. AS-€RlB'ING, ppr. Attributing ; imputing ; alledging to belong. AS-CRIP'TION, n. The act of ascribing, imputing or af- firming to belong, AS-€RIP-Ti"TIOUS, a. That is ascribed, ASH, 71, [Sax. cesc ; Dan. ask.] 1, A well known tree, of which there are many species. 2. The wood of the ash- tree. ASH, a. Pertaining to or iike the ash ; made of ash, t A-SHaME', v. t. To shame. A-SHaM ED, (a-shamd') a. Affected by shame ; confused by a consciousness of guilt or of inferiority ; by the mor- tification of pride ; by failure or disappointment. tA-SHAMED-LY, ffldy. Bashfully, fA-SHELF', acZi). On a shelf or rock. Massinger. ASH-€oL'ORED, a. Of a color between brown and gray, ASH'EN, a. Pertaining to ash ; made of ash. ASH'ES, 71. plu. without the singular number, [Sax. asca.] 1, The earthy particles of combustible substances remain- ing after combustion, 2, The remains of the human body when burnr. Hence, figuratively, a dead body or corpse, ASH'-FIRE, 71, A low fire used in chemical operations, ASH'-FLY, 71. The oak-fly. Complete Angler. ASH'-HoLE, 71. A repository for ashes ; the lower part of a furnace. ASH'LAR, 71, Common or free stones, as they come from the quarry. ASH'LER-ING, n. Q,uartering for lathing to, in garrets. A-SHoRE', adv. 1. On shore ; on the land adjacent to wa- ter ; to the shore. 2. On land, opposed to aboard. 3. On the ground. ASH'-TUB, 71, A tub to receive ashes, ASH'-WEDNES'DAY, (ash-wenz'de) n. The first day of Lent ; supposed to be so called from a custom of sprin- kling ashes on the head. ASH'-WEED, 71, A plant, the small, wild angelica, gout- wort, goats-foot, or herb-gerard, ASH'Y, a. Belonging to ashes ; ash-colored ; pale ; inclining to a whitish gray, Shak. ASH'-Y-PALE, a. Pale as ashes, Shak. A SIAN, a. Pertaining to Asia, A'SIAR€H. n. A chief or pontifi" of Asia ; one who had the superintendence of the public games. A-SIAT'I€, a. Belonging to Asia. A-SIAT'I€, 71. A native of Asia. A-SIAT'I-CISM, 71. Imitation of the Asiatic manner. A-SlDE', adv. 1. On or to one side ; out of a perpendicular or straight direction. 2. At a little distance from the main part or body. 3. From the body. 4. From the company ; at a small distance, or in private. 5. Separate from the person, mind or attention ; in a state of aban- donment, AS-IN-E'GO, n. [Sp. asnico.'] A foolish fellow, AS'I-NINE, rarely ASII-NA-RY, a. [L, asinus.] Belonging to the ass •, having the qualities of the ass, ASK, V. t. [Sax, ascian, acsian, or axian.] 1, To request ; to seek to obtain by words ; to petition ; with of before the person to whom the request is made, 2. To require, expect or claim. 3, To interrogate, or inquire ; to put a question, with a view to an answer. 4. To require, or make claim. 5. To claim, require or demand, as the price or value of a commodity •, to set a price. 6. To invite. ASK, v> i. 1. To request or petition, followed by /or. 2 To inquire, or seek by request, ASK, ASH, AS, come from the Saxon asc, an ash-tree GHbson. ASK, See Asker, AS-KANCE', ) adv. [D, schuins.] Towards one corner of AS-KANT', \ the eye. ASKED, pp. Requested ; petitioned ; questioned 5 interro- gated, ASK'ER, n. 1. One who asks 5 a petitioner; an inquirer 2. A water newt. Johnson. AS-KEW, adv. [G. schief.] With a wry look ; asi(?e ; askant ; sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, cr envy. ASK'ING, p;j?-. 1. Requesting ; petitioning; interrogating; inquiring, 2. Silently expressing request or desire, f A-SLAKE', V. t. [Sax. aslacian.] To remit ; to slacken Speiiser. AS-La'NI, n. A silver coin, A-SLANT', a. or adv. On one side ; obliquely ; not perpen- dicularly, or with a right angle, A-SLEEP', a. or adv. 1, Sleeping ; in a state of sleep ; at rest, 2, To a state of sleep ; as, to fall asleep. 3. Dead ; in astate of death. 4. To death, A-SLoPE', a. or adv. With leaning or inclination ; oblique- ly ; with declivity or descent, as a hill. t A-SLUG^, adv. In a sluggish manner. Fotherby. AS-MO-Ne'AN, a. Pertaining to Asmoneus. AS-MO-Ne'AN, 71. One of the family of Asmoneus. t A-S6'MA-T0US, a. [Gr, a and ccojua.] Without a mate- rial body ; incorporeal, ASP, See Aspen, ASP, or ASP'IO, 7!, [L. aspis ; Gr. acj-is,] A small, poison ous serpent of Egypt. AS-PAL'A-THUS, n. A plant. AS-PAR'A-GIN, 71. White, transparent crystals of a peculiar vegetable principle. AS-PAR'A-GUS, 71. [L, and Gr.] Sparagus ; sperage ; vul- garly, sparroiD-grass ; a genus of plants. ASPECT, 71. [L. aspectus.] 1. Look ; view ; appearance to the eye or the mind. 2, Countenance ; look, or partic- ular appearance Of the face. 3. View ; sight ; act of see- ing. 4. Position or situation with regard to seeing, or that position which enables one to look in a particular direction.— 5. In astronomy, the situation of one planet with respect to another. t AS-PE€T', V. t. To behold. Temple. t AS-PE€T'A-BLE, a. That may be seen. t AS-PE€T'ED, a. Having an aspect. Ben Jonson. t AS-PEC'TION, n. The act of viewing. Brown. ASP'EN, or ASP, n. [D. esp ; G. aspe, Hspe ; Sax. aspe.] A species of the poplar, so called from the trembling of its leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the air. ASP'EN, a. Pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it ; made of aspen wood. ASTER, a. [L.] Rough ; rugged. [Little used.] AS'PER, 71. [L, aspiro, to breathe,] In grammar, the Greek accent '. AS'PER, n. A Turkish coin. AS'PE-RATE, v.t. [L. aspero.] To make rough or uneven. Boyle. AS-PE-Ra'TION, n. A making rough. AS-PER-GOIRE', n. [Fr. aspersoir.] A holy-water-sprin- kle. Warton. AS-PER-I-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. asper ?iiiA. folium.] Having rough leaves. AS-PER-I-FO'LI-OUS, a. Having leaves rough to the touch, AS-PER'I-TY, 77, [L. asperitas.] 1, Roughness of surface : unevenness ; opposed to smoothness. 2. Roughness of sound ; harshness of pronunciation. 3. Roughness to the taste ; sourness. 4, Roughness or ruggedness of temper j moroseness ; sourness ; crabbedness, 5, Sharpness. t AS'PER-LY, or AS'PRE-LY, adv. Roughly ; sharply. AS-PER-Na'TION, 77. [L, aspernatio.] Neglect ; disregard . Diet. ASTER-OUS, a. [L. asper, rough.] Rough; uneven. Boyle. AS-PERSE', (as-pers') v. t. [L. aspergo, aspersus.] 1 To bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious charges ; to tarnish in point of reputation, or good name ; to slander or calumniate. 2. To cast upon. AS-PERS'ER, 71. One that asperses, or vilifies another. AS-PER'SION, 71. A sprinkling. 2. The spreading of ca lumnious reports or charges. AS-PHALT', or AS-PHALT'UM, n. [Gr. aacpaXroi.] Bitu- men Judaicum, Jew's pitch ; a smooth, hard, brittle, black or brown substance, which breaks with a polish, melts easily when heated, and, when pure, bums without leav- ing any ashes. AS-PHALT'I€, a. Pertaining to asphalt, or containing it ; bituminous. Milton. AS-PHALT'ITE, a. Pertaining to or containing asphalt. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B^LL, UNITE— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. ASS 56 ASS .S'PHO-DEL, n. [L and Gr. j King's-spear ; a genus of liliaceous plants, cultivated for the beauty of their flowers. iS-PHtJ'REL-ATES, n. [Gr. a and aipvpa.] A series of semimetallic fossils. \.S-PHYX'Y, n. [Gr. a(7(pv^ia.] A temporary suspension of the motion of the heart and arteries ; swooning ; fainting. '^Sl'ie, 7i. i. The asp, which see. 2. A piece of ord- nance, carrjing a twelve pound shot. ASP'ie, 71. A species of lavender, a plant. AS-PI'RANT, n. One who aspires, breathes after, or seeks with eagerness. AS'PI-RATE, V. t. [L. asjnro.] To pronounce with a breathing, or full emission of breath. We aspirate the words horse and house. AS'PI -KATE, V. i. To be uttered with a strong breathing ; as, the letter h aspirates. Dryden. AS'Pl-RATE, n. A letter marked with an asper, or note of breathing ; a mark of aspiration, as the Greek accent ' . AS'Pl-RATE, a. Pronounced with a full breath. AS PI-RA-TED, pp. Uttered with a strong emission of breath. AS'Pl-RA-TING, ;7pr. Pronouncing with a full breath. AS-PI-Ra'TION, n. ]. The pronunciation of a letter with a full emission of breath. 2. A breathing after ; an ardent wisli or desire. 3. The act of aspiring, or of ardently de- siring what is noble or spiritual. AS-PiRE', r. i. [L. aspiro.] 1. To desire with eagerness ; to pant after an object. 2. To aim at something elevated. Pope. t AS-PTRE MENT, n. The act of aspiring. Brewer. AS-PlR'ER, n. One who aspires ; one who aims to rise. AS-PiR'ING, ppr. Desiring eagerly ; aiming at something noble, great, or spiritual. AS-PlR'LNG, a. Ambitious ; animated with an ardent de- sire^ of power, importance, or excellence. AS-PlR'ING, n. 1. Ambition ; eager desire of something great. 2^ Points ; stops. [JVot used.] AS-POR-Ta-TION, ?!. [li.asportatio.] A carrying away. — In laK, the felonious removal of goods. A-SQ,UINT', adv. [D. schuinte.] 1. To the corner or angle of the eye ; obliquely ; towards one side. 2. Not with regard, or due notice. ASS, 71. [W. Gsyn ; Ir. asan ; L. asinus.l ]. A quadruped of the equine geni's 2. A dull, heavy, stupid fellow : a dolt. AS-SA'I. [It.] A term in music ; added to a word signify- ing slow, it denotes a little quicker ; and to a word sig- nifying quick, it denotes a little slower. AS-SaIL', v. t. [Fr. assaillir.] 1. To leap or fall upon by violence ; to assault ; to attack suddenly. 2. To invade or attack, in a hostile manner. 3. To attack with argu- ments, censure, abuse, or criticism. AS-SaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be assailed, attacked, or invaded. [Fr.] One who assails, attacks, or as- Assaulting ; attacking ; invading with Assaulted ; invaded ; attacked AS-SaIL'AJVT saults. AS-SaIL'ANT violence. AS-SAIL'ED, (as-sald') pp with violence. AS-SaIL'ER, 71. One who assails. AS-SaIL'ING, ppr. Assaulting ; invading by force , at- tacking with violence. tAS-S_ATL'MENT, ??. Attack. Johnson. AS-SA-PAN'ie, 71. The flying squirrel. AS'SA-RON, 7(. A Hebrew measure of five pints. AS-SART', n. [o\i Fr. assarter.] 1. In ancient laics, the offense of grubbing up trees, and thus destroying thickets or coverts of a forest. 2. A tree plucked up by the roots ; also, a piece of land cleared. Ash. AS-SART', V t. To grub up trees ; to commit an assart. AS-SAS'SIN, n. One who kills, or attempts to kill, by sur- prise or secret assault. t AS-SAS'SIN, V. t. To murder. Stillingfieet. AS-SAS'SIN-ATE, v.t. 1. To kill, or attempt to kill, by surprise or secret assault ; to murder by sudden violence. 2. To waylay : to take by treachery. t AS- S AS SIN- ATE, 7i. A murder or murderer. AS-SAS'SIN-A-TED, pp. Murdered by surprise, or secret assault. AS-SAS'SIN-A-TING, ppr. Murdering by surprise or secret assault.. AS-SAS-SIN-A TION, n. The act of killing or murdering, by surprise or secret assault ; murder by violence. AS-SAS'SlN-A-'l OR, n. Aj\ assassin, which see. t A3-SAS'SI-NOUS, a.. Murderous. AS-SAS'SINS, n. In %ria, atribe or clan called Ismaelians, Batavists, or Eatenians. t AS-Sa'TION, n. [Fr.] A roasting. AS-SAULT', 71. [Ft. assault, now assaut.} 1. An attack, or violent onset. 2. An attack by hostile words or meas- ures.- 3. In lair, an unlawful setting upon one's person ; an attempt or o/Ter to beat another, without touchhig his person. If thf blow aimed takes efiect, it is a battery. AS-SAULT', V. t. 1. To attack or fall tipon by violence, or with a hostile intention, 2. To invade or fall on with force. 3. To attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly measures, with a view to shake, impair, or overthrow. AS-SAULl'A-BLE, a. That may be assaulted. Williams. AS-SAULT'ED, pp Attacked with force, arms, violence, or hostile views. AS-SAULT'ER. n. One who assaults, or violently attacks. AS-SAULT'ING, ppr. Attacking with force, or with hostile measures. AS-SaY', 77, [Fr. essai; Sp. ensayo.] 1. The trial of the goodness, purity, weight, value. Sec. of metals or metallic substances, — 2. In law, an examination of weights and measures by the standard. 3. Examination ; trial ; ef- fort ; first entrance upon &ny business ; attempt. 4. Value ; great purity. Obs. AS-Sa Y', V. t. 1. To try or prove, by examination or ex- periment, the quantity and purity of metallic substances. 2. To apply to the touchstone. Milton. AS-SaY', v. i. To attempt, try, or endeavor. AS-SaY'-BAL-ANCE, 77. A balance for the trial of the weight and purity of metals. AS-SaY'ED, (as-sade') pp. Examined ; tested ; proved by experiment. AS-SaY'ER, n. One who examines metals to find their quantity and purity. An ofiicer of the mint, whose busi- ness is to try the weight and purity of metals. AS-SaY'ING, ppr. Trying by some standard ; examining by experiment, as metals ; proving ; attempting. AS-SaY'-MAS-TER,77. Anassayer; an ofiicer appointed to try the weight and fineness of the precious metals. t AS-SE€-Ta'TION, 71. [L. assectatio.] Attendance, or waiting upon. Diet. t AS'SE-€LE, 77. [L. assecla.l A dependent ; a follower. Sheldon, t AS-SE-€U'RANCE, n. Assurance. Sheldon. t AS-SE-€U-Ra'TION, n. Assurance ; a making secure. t AS-SE-€URE', V. t. To secure. Bullokar. AS-SE-€u'TION, 77. [L. assequar.] An obtaining or acquir- ing. Ayliffc. AS-SEM'BLAGE, 71. [Fr.] 1. A collection of individuals, or of particular things ; the state of being assembled. 2. Rarely, the act of assembling. f AS-SEM'BLANCE, 77. Representation ; an assembling. AS-SEM'BLE, v, t. [Fr. assembler.'] To collect a number of individuals or particulars into one place, or body ; to bring or call together 5 to convene ; to congregate. AS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To meet or come together ; to convene, as a number of individuals, AS-SEM'BLED, pp. Collected into a body ; congregated. AS-SEM'BLER, 7?. One who assembles. AS-SEM'BLING, p;jr. Coming together ; collecting into one place. AS-SEM'BLING, n. A collection or meeting together Heb. X. AS-SEM'BLY, 77, [Sp, asamblea ; It, assemblea ; Fr, assent blee.] 1. A company or collection of individuals in the same place ; usually for the same purpose. 2. A congre- gation or religious society convened. 3. In some of the United States, the legislature. 4. A collection of persons for amusement. 5. A convocation, convention, or coun- cil of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each presbytery. — 6. In armies, the second beating of the drum before a march, when the soldiers strike their tents. 7. An asspmblage. [J^Tot in use.] AS-SEM'BLY-ROOM, n. A room in which persons assem- ble, AS-SENT', 71. [L. assensus.] 1. The act of the mind in admitting, or agreeing to, the trath of a proposition. 2 Consent ; agreement to a proposal, respecting some right or interest. 3. Accord ; agreement. AS-SENT', 7;. i. To admit as true ; to agree, yield, or con- cede, or rather to express an agreement of the mind to what is alledged, or proposed. AS-SEN-Ta'TION, 77. [L, assentatio.] Compliance with the opinion of another, from flattery or dissimulation. AS-SEN-Ta'TOR, 7!. A flatterer. t AS-SEN-TA-To'RI-LY, adv. With adulation. AS-SENT ER, 77. One who assents, agrees to, or admits AS-SENT'ING, pp): Agreeing to, or admitting as true , yielding to. AS-SENT'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to express assent , by agreement, AS-SENT'MENT, n. Assent ; agreement. Brown. [Rarely used.] AS-SERT', ?7. «. [L. assero, assertum.] 1. To afiirm posi lively •, to declare with assurance •, to aver. 2. To main- tain or defend by words or measures ; to vindicate a claim or title to. AS-SERT'ED, pp. Affirmed positively ; maintained ; vindi- cated. AS-SERT'ING, ppr. Peclaring with confidence ; maintain ing ; defending. AS-SER'TION, 77. 1. The act of asserting ; the maintainin. * Sec Synopsis, a, e, I, 0,.U, Y, Zow^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT -.—PREY ;— PIN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— t soletc. ASS 57 of a claim. 2. Positive declaration or averment ; affirma- tion ; position advanced. AS-SERTiVE, a. Positive ; affirming confidently. AS-SERT'IVE-LY, adv. Affirmatively. Bedell. AS-SERT'OR, n. One who affirms positively ; an affirmer, supporter, or vindicator. AS-fcERT'U R\r, a. Affirming ; maintaining. ■f AS-SERVE', V. t. [L. asservio.] To serve. Diet. ASSESS', v.t. [Fr. asseoir.] 1. To set, fix, or charge, a certain sum upon one, as a tax. 2. To value ; to fix the value of property, for the purpose of being taxed. 3. To set, fix, or ascertain. I AS-SESS', 71. Assessmrnt. AS-SESS'A-BLE, a. That may be assessed. AS-SESS'ED, (as-sesf) pp. Charged with a certain sum ; v^llued ; set ; fixed ; ascertained. ASSESS' IN G,ppr. Charging with a sum ; valuing; fixing; ascertaining. t AS-SES'SION V. A sitting down by a person. AS-SES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to assessors. AS-SESS'MENT, n. 1. A valuation of property or profits of business, for the purpose of taxation. 2. A tax. or spe- cific sum diarged on the person or property. 3. The act of assessing ; the act of detennining the amount of dam- ages by a jury. AS-SEfeSiQll, n. 1. One appointed to assess the person or property. 2. An inferior officer of justicey^ who sits to assist the judge. 3. One who sits by another, as next in dignity. AS -SETS,n. plu. [Fr. assez.] Goods or estate of a deceased person, sufficient to pay the debts of tlie deceased. AS-SEV'ER, I V. t. [L. assevero.] To affirm or aver AS-SEVER-ATE, ) positively, or with solemnity. AS-SEV-ER-A'TION, n. Positive affirmation or assertion ; solemn declaration. ASS'-JHEAD, /(. One dull, like the ass ; one slow of appre- hension : a blockhead. AS-SI-De'ANS, or CHAS-I-De'ANS, n. A sect of Jews. AS'Sl-DENT, a. [L. assideo, assidens.] Assident signs, in medicine, are such as usually attend a disease. t AS-SID^U-ATE, a. Daily. K. Charles. AS-SI-Du'I-TY, 71. [L. assidititas.] 1. Constant or close application to any business or enterprise ; diligence. 2. Attention ; attentiveness to persons. — .dssiduities, in the plural, are services rendered with zeal and constancy. AS-tJlD'U-OUS, a. [L. assiduus.] 1. Constant in applica- tion. 2. Attentive ; careful ; regular in attendance. 3. Performed with constant diligence or attention. AS-SID' U-OUS-LY, ado. Diligently; attentively; with earnestness and care ; with regular attendance. AS SID'U-OUS-NESS, n. Constant or diligent application. |- AS S1e6E', 77. f . [Ft. assieger.j To besiege. Diet. AS-S[-ENT'0, n. [Sp. asiento.j A contract or conven- tion. AS-SiGN', (as-sIneO v. t. [Fr. assigner.] I. To allot ; to appoint or grant by distribution or apportionment. 2. To designate or appoint for a particular purpose. 3. To fix, specify, or designate. 4. To make or set over ; to trans- fer, sell, or convey, by writing. 5. To alledge or show in particular. — 6. In law, to show or set forth with par- ticularity. AS-SiGN', (as-sine') n. A person to whom property or an interest is or may be transferred. AS-SIGN' A-BLE, (as-sine a-bl) a. 1. That may be allotted, appointed, or assigned. 2. That may be transferred by writing. 3. That may be specified, shown with precision, or designated. AS'SIG-NAT, n. A public note or bill in France ; paper currency^ Burke. AS-SIG-Na'TION, 7j. I. An appointment of time and place for meeting ; used chiefly of love-meetings. 2. A making over by transfer of title. 3. In Rtissia, a public note, or baiik bill ; paper currency. AS-SlGN'ED, (as-sind') pp. Appointed ; allotted ; made over ; shown or designated. AS-SIGN-EE', (as-se-ne') n. A person to whom an assign- ment is made ; a person appointed or deputed to do seme actj^or enjoy some riglit, privilege, or property. AS-SiGN'ER, (as-si'ner) n. One who assigns, or appoints. AS-SlGN'ING, ppr. Allotting ; appointing ; transferring ; shojving specially. AS-SlGN'MENT, (as-slne'ment) n. 1. An allotting, or an appointment to a particular person or use. 2. A transfer of title or interest by writing. 3. The writing by which an interest is transferred. 4. The appointment or designa- tion of causes or actions in court, for trial on particular days.— 5. In law the conveyance of the whole interest which a mar has in an estate, usually for life or years. AS-SIGN-OR'. (as-se-nor ) 77. An assigner ; a person who assigns or transfers an interest. AS-SIM J-LA-BLE, a. That may be assimilated. AS-SIM 1-LATE, 75. t. [L. assimilo.] 1. To bring to a like- ness ; to caus3 to resemble. 2. To " substance. convert into a like ASS AS-SIM'I-LATE, v.i. 1. To become similar. 2. To be converted into a like substance. AS-SIM' 1-LA-TED, pp. Brought to a likeness ; changed into a like substance. tAS-SlM'I-LATE-]\ESS, 77. Likeness. Diet. AS-SIM' I-LA-TING, ppr. Causing to resemble ; converting into a like substance. AS-S1M-1-La'TION, 71. 1. The act of bringing to a resem- blance. 2. The act or process by which bodies convert ither bodies into their own nature ai J substance. AS-SIM'I-LA-TlVE, a. Having power of converting to a likeness, or to a like substance. tAS-SlM'U-LATE, 7;.t. [h. assimulo.] To feign. {aS-SIM-U-La'TION, n. A counierfeiting. See Simula- tion. AS SI-NE'GO, n. [Port.] An ass. Sir T. Herbert. AS-SIST', V. t. [L. assisto.] To help ; to aid ; to succor 5 to give support to in some undertaking or effiart, or in tmie of distress, AS-SIST', V. i. To lend aid. AS-SIST'ANCE, n. Help ; aid ; furtherance succor ; a contribution of support. AS-SIST 'ANT, a. Helping ; lending aid or support ; auxil- iary. AS-SIST'ANT, 71. One who aids, or who contributes his strength, or other means, to further the designs or welfare of another ; an auxiliary. t AS-SIST'ANT-LY, adv. So as to assist. Sternkold. AS-SIST'ED, pp. Helped ; aided. AS-SIST'ER, n. One that lends aid. AS-SIST'ING, ppr. Helping ; aiding ; supporting with strength or means, AS-SIST'LESS, a. Without aid or help. Pope. AS-SiZE', or AS-Si'ZES, n. [Fr. assises, and sometimes so written in EngUsh.] 1. Originally, an assembly of knights and other substantial men, with a bailiff or jus- tice, for public business. 2. A court in England, held in every county by special commission to one of the judges, who is called a justice of the assize, and empowered to take assizes, that is, the verdict of a jury called the assize. 3. A jury. 4. A writ. 5. A particular species of rents. 6. The time or place of holding the court of assize. 7. In a more general sense, any court of justice. 8. A statute of regulation ; an ordinance rt-gulating the weight, meas- ure, and price of articles sold in market ; and hence the word came to signify the weight, measure, or price itself This word is, in a certain sense, now corrupted into size, wliich see. AS-SiZE', V. t. To fix the weight, measure, or price ot commodities, by an ordinance or regulation of authority. AS-SlZ'ED, (as-slzd') pp. Regulated in weight, measure, or price, by an assize or ordinance. AS-SrZ'ER, 71. An officer who has the care or inspection of weights and measures. AS-SlZ'OR, 77. In Scotland, a juror. Bailey. ASS'-LIKE, a. Resembling an ass. Sidney. t AS-So'BER, 75. f. To keep under. Oower. AS-SO-CIA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of association ; the quality of suffering some change by sym- pathy. Darwin. AS-So'CIA-BLE, (as-so'sha-bl) a. 1. That may be joined to or associated. — 2. In a medical sense, liable to be af- fected by sympathy. AS-So'CIATE, (as-so'shate) v. t. [Fr. associer ; L. associo.] I. To join in company, as a friend, companion, partner, or cjjnfederate. 2. To unite in the same mass. AS-So'CIATE, V. i. 1. To unite in company ; to keep com- pany, implying intimacy. 2. To unite in action, or be affected by tlie action of a different part of the body. AS-SO'CIATE, a. Joined in interest, purpose, or office ; confederate. AS-So'CIATE, 71. 1. A companion ; one frequently in company with another ; a mate ; a fellow. 2. A partner in interest, as in business ; or a confederate in a league. 3. A companion in a criminal transaction ; an accomplice. AS-So'CIA-TED, pp. United in company or in interest ; joined. AS-So'CIATE-SHIP, n. The state or office of an associate Encyc. AS-So'CIA-TING, ppr. Uniting in company or in interest , joining. AS-SO-CI-A'TION, 77. 1. The act of associating ; union ; connection of persons. 2. Union of persons in a company ; a society formed for transacting or carrying on some busi- ness for mutual advantage ; a partnership ; a confederacy 3. Union of things ; apposition, as of particles of matter 4. Union or connection of ideas. An association of ideas, is where two or more ideas constantly or naturally follow each other in the mind, so that one almost infallibly pro- duces the other. 5. An exertion or change of some ex- treme part of the sensory residing in the muscles or organs of sense, in consequence of some antecedent or attendant fibrous contractions. Darioin. — 6 In ecclesiastical affairs, a society of the clergy. * See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K : (^^ as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete TV. ASS "^^^ \ '58 AS-SO-CIa'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to an association of clergymen. AS-So'CIA-Ti VE, a. Having tlie quality of associating, or of being affected by sympathy t AS-SO-CiArOR, n. A confederate. Dryden. \ AS-SO£L', V. t. [Old Fr. ; L,. ahsoloo.} To solve ; to re- lease ; to absolve. Mede fAS-SUlL', w t. [Ft.sGuiller.'] To soil ; to stain. AS'SO-NANCE, 71. [Fr.] Resemblanceof sounds,— In rAet- oric and poetry^ a resemblance in sound or terminatirn, withou' making rhyme. ASSO-NAiN'T, a. Having a resemblance of sounds. f AS'SO-NATE, V. i. [L. assoiio.] To sound like a bell. A.RT', V. i. To agree ; to be in accordance vi'ith. AS-SORTED, pp. 1. Distributed into sorts, kinds, or classes. 2. Furnished with an assortment. Burke. AS-SORT ING, ppr. Separating into sorts •, supplying with an assortment. AS-SORT'MENT, n. 1. The act of distributing into sorts. 2. A mass or quantity ofVarious kinds or sorts ; or a num- ber of things assorted. f AS-SOT', V. t. To infatuate ; to besot. Spenser. AS-S(Ja6E', (as-swaje') v. t. To soften ; to allay, mitigate, ease, or lessen, as pain or grief; to appease or pacify, as passion or tumult. AS-SUa6E', v. i. To abate or subside. Gen. viii. AS-SUa6'ED, (as-swajd') pp. Allayed ; mitigated ; eased ; aT>peased. AS-SUa6E'MENT, n. Mitigation ; abatement. AS-SUaG'ER, 71. One who allays ; that which mitigates or abates. Aa-SUA6'ING, ppr. Allaying ; mitigating ; appeasing 5 abating. AS-SJa'SIVE, a. Softening ; mitigating ; tranquilizing. Pope. t AS-SUB'JECT, v. t. [Fr. assoubjectir.] To make subject. t AS-SUB'JU-GATE, v. t. To subject to. Shak. t AS-SLrE-FA€'TION, n. [L. assuefacio.] The act of ac- customing. Bro7j)n. AS'SUE-TUDE, (as'swe-tude) n. [L. assuetudo.] Custom ; hamt •, habitual use. Bacon. AS-SUME', V. t. [L. assumo.] 1. To take, or take upon one. 2. To arrogate ; to seize unjustly. 3. To take for granted, or without proof-, to suppose as a fact. AS-SUxME', V. i. 1. To be arrogant ; to claim more than is due. — 2. In law, to take upon one's self an obligation ; to undertake or promise. AS-SuM'ED, (,as-sumd') pp. Taken ; arrogated ; taken without proof 5 pretended. f A3-Su'MENT, «. [Ij. assumentam.] A piece or patch set on. AS-SuM'ER, 71. One who assumes ; an arrogant person. AS-SuM'xNG ppr. Taking ; arrogating ; taking for grant- ed ;_ pretending. AS-SuM'ING, a. Taking or disposed to take upon one's selfmore than is just ; hauglity ; arrogant. AS-SuMTNG, 71. Presumption. Juvson. AS-SUMP'SIT, n. [pret. tense of L. assiimo.] 1. In law, a promise or undertaking founded on a consideration. 2. An action founded on a promise. tAS-SUMPT', w. t. To take up; to raise. Sheldon. t AS-SUMPT', n. That which is assumed. AS-SUMP'TION, n. [L. assiimptio.] 1. The act of taking to one's self. 2. The act of taking for granted ; supposi- tion. 3. The thing supposed ; a postulate or proposition assumed. — In locric, the minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism. 4. A consequence drawn from the proposition of whicli an argument is composed. 5. Un- dertaking ; a taking upon one's self. Kent. — 6. In tlie Rmnlsk church, the taking up a person into heaven, as the Virgin Mary. Also, a festival in honor of the mirac- ulous ascent of Mary. 7. Adoption. AS-SUMP'TIVE, a. That is or may be assumed. .4S-SU'RANCE, (as-shQ'-ranse) ?;. [Fr.] 1. The act of as- suring. 2. Firm persuasion ; full confidence or trust ; freedom from doubt ; certain expectation ; tlie utmost certainty. 3. Firmness of mind ; undoubting steadiness ; intrepidity. 4. Excess of boldness ; impudence. 5. Freedom from excessive modesty, timidity, or bashful- ness ; laudable confidence. 6. Insurance ; a contract to make good a loss. [Sse Insurance.] 7. Any writing or legal evidence of the conveyance of property. 8. Con- viction. — 9. In theoloffy, full confidence of one's interest in Christ, and of final salvation. AS-SuRE', (ash-shure') ". t. [Fr. assurer.] ]. To make certain ; to give confidence by a promise, declaration, or other evidence. 2. To confirm ; to make certain or se- cure. 3. To embolden ; to make confident. 4. To make secure, with of before the object secured. 5. To afliance ; to betroth. \dbs,] Shak. 6. To insure ; lo covenant to indemnify for loss. See Insure. AS-SUR'ED, (ash shurd') iJp. Made certain or confident; made secure ; insured. I AST- — .. AS-SUR'ED, (ash-shur'-ed, or ash-shiird') a. Certain ; indtt- bitable ; not doubting ; bold to excess. AS-SuR'ED-LY, (ash-shur'-ed-ly) adv. Certainly ; indubi- tably. AS-SuR'ED-NESS, (ash-shur'-ed-ness) n. The state of be- ing assured ; certainty ; full confidence. AS-SUR'ER, (ash-shur'-er) n. One who assures ; one who insures against loss ; an insurer or underwriter. AS-SUE'6ENT, a. [L. assurgens, assurgo.] Rising up- wards in an arch Eaton. AS-SU R'iNG, ppr. Making sure or confident ; giving secu ■ rity ; confirming. AS-SVVaGE'. See Assuage. AS'TA-CITE, I n. [Gr. aaraKos and \idos.] Petrified AS'TA-€0-L1TE, ) or fossil craw-fish, and other crusta- ceous animals ; called also cancriles, crabites, and gam- marolites. AS'TE-ISM, n. [Gr. ao-reiof.] In rhetoric, genteel irony ; a polite and ingenious manner of deriding another AS'TER, 71. [Gr. aarijp.] A genus of plants with compound flowers. AS-Te'RI-AS, or AS'TER, n. [Gr. aarri^.l Stella marina, sea-star, or star-fish. AS-Te'RI-A-TED, a. Radiated ; presenting diverging rays, like a star. Cleaveland. AS-Te'RI-A-TITE, n. Petrified asterias. ASfTER-ISK, n. [Gr. aaTEpicKo<;.] The figure of a star, thus. *, used in printing and writing. AS'TER-ISM, 7). [Gr. aaTepicrjioi.] 1. A constellation ; a sign in the zodiac. 2. An asterisk, or mark of reference. AS'TE-RITE, or star-stone. See Astrite. A-STERN', adv. 1. In or at the hinder part of a ship ; or towards the hinder part, or backwards. 2. Behind a ship, at any indefinite distance. AS'TE-ROID, 71, [Gr. aaryp and £1605.] A name given by Herschel to the newly discovered planets between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. AS-TE-ROID'AL, a. Resembling a star; or pertaining to the asteroids. Journ. of Science. AS'TE-RO-PODE, ) n. [Gr. acrnp and irovs, -koSos.] A AS-TE-RO-Po'DI-UM, \ kind of extraneous fossil. En- cyc. t AS-TERT', V. t. To startle. Spenser. AS-THEN 'I€, (as-ten'ik) a. [Gr. a and cBevog.] Weak ; characterized by extreme debility. AS-THE-NOL'0-6Y, n. [Gr. a, cdevog, and \oyos.] The doctrine of diseases arising from debility. ASTH'MA, (ast'ma) n. [Gr. acBpa.] A shortness of breath ; intermitting difficulty of breathing, with cough, strait- ness, and wheezing. ASTH-MAT'lC, a. Pertaining to asthma ; also, affected by asthma, t AS-TIP'U-LATE, for Stipulate. fAS-TIP-U-LA'TlON, for Stipulation. t AS-ToNE', or t AS-TON'Y, 7;. t. [See Astonish.] Toter- rify or astonish. Chaucer. \ Al-TON'fED I PP' -Astonished. Spenser. Milton. t AS-TON'IED-NESS, n. The state of being astonished Barret. AS-TON'ISH, V. t. [Old Fr. estonner, now itonner ; L. at- tono.] To stun or strike dumb with sudden fear, terror, surprise, or wonder ; to amaze ; to confound with some sudden passion. AS-TON'ISHED, pp. Amazed ; confounded with fear, sur- prise, or admiration. AS-TON'ISH-ING, p2"'' Amazing; confounding with won- der or fear. AS-TON'ISII-ING, a. Very wonderful ; of a nature to ex- cite great admiration or amazement. AS-TON'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner or degree to ex- cite amazement. Bp. Fleetwood. AS-TON'ISII-ING-NESS, 7i. The quality of exciting aston- ishment. AS-TON'ISH-MENT, n. Amazement ; confusion of mind from fear, surprise, or admiration, at on extraordinary or unexpected event. AS-TOUND', V. t. To astonish ; to strike dumb with amazement. [From Old Fr. estonner.] t AS- TOUND', 7;. i. To shake ; to stun. Thomson. A-STRAD'DLE, adv. With the legs across a thing, or on different sides. AS'TRA-GAL, n. [Gr. acTpayaXo^-'] I. In architecture, a little round molding, which surrounds the top or bottom of a column, in the form of a ring. — 2. In gunnery, a round molding on cannon near the mouth. — 3. In anatomy, the huckle, ankle, or sling bone ; the upper bone of the foot, supporting the tibia. Coze. — 4. In botany, the wood-pea ; the milk vetch; the licorice vetch. ' . AS'TRAL, a. [L. astrxLm ; Gr. aarrjp.] Belonging to the stars ; starry. Dryden. A-STRaY', adv. Out of the right way, or proper place. * Sec Synopsis. A_ 13. I, o, V, Y, long.— F All, FALL, WH/^T }— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. ASY 59 ATL AS-TRe'A, 71. [Gr. aarrip.] The goddess of justice. Encyc. AS-TR1€T', V. t. [L. astrinffo, astrictus.] To bind fast, or compress. [JVot much used.'] AS-T11I€T', a. Compendious ; contracted. Weever. AS-TR1€T'ED, pp. Bound fast ; compressed with ban- dages. AS-TR1€T ING, ppr. Binding close ; compressing ; con- traccing. AS-TR1€'T10N, n. 1. The act of binding close. 2. A contraction of parts by applications ; the stopping of hem- orrhages. Coze. AS-TR]€T'IVE, a. Binding •, compressing ; styptic. AS-TR[€TO-RY, a. Astringent ; binding ; apt to bind. A-STRlDE', adv. With the legs open. Hudihras. AS-TRIF'£R-OUS, a. [L. astrifer.] Bearing or containing stars. {Little used.] t AS-TRIG'ER-OUS, a. [Low L. astriger.] Bearing stars. AS-TRINGE', V. t. [L. astringo.] To compress ; to con- tract by pressing the parts together. AS-TRIJNG'ED, (as-trinjd') pp. Compressed ; straitened ; contracted. AS-TRING'EN-CY, n. The power of contracting the parts of the body ; that qnality in medicines which binds, con- tracts, or strengthens parts which are relaxed. AS-TRINg'ENT, a. Binding ; contracting ; strengthening ; opposed to laxative. AS-TRIA'G'ENT, n. An astringent medicine. AS-TRIN6'ER, n, A falconer that keeps a goss hawk. AS-TRING'ING, ppr. Compressing ; binding fast ; con- tracting. AS-TRITE , n. [Gr. ttorvp.] An extraneous fossil, called also asteria and astroit. AS-TROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. airrrip, or aarpov, and ypacpw.] A description of the stars, or the science of describing them. AS'TROIT, n. 1. Star-stone. [See Astrite.] 2. A species of petrified madrepore. AS'TRO-LABE, n. [Gr. aarTtip and Xa^ELV.] 1. An instru- ment formerly used for taking the altitude of the sun or stars at sea. 2. A stereographic projection of the sphere. 3. Among the ancients ^ the same as the modern armillary sphere. AS-TROL'0-6ER, ) n. [L. astrologus.,\ 1. One who AS-TRO-Lo'GI-AN, \ professes to foretell future events by the aspects and situation of the stars. .Bstrologian is little used. 2. Formerly, one who understood the mo- tions of the planets without predicting. Raleigh. it7rlo±o%\%i., I ''■ Pertaining to astrology. AS-TRO-LOG'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of astrology. AS-TROL 0-GlZE, v. i. To practice astrology. AS-TROL O-GY, n. A science which leaches to judge of tlie effects and influences of the stars, and to foretell fu- ture events, by their situation and different aspects. AS-TRON'O-MER, n. One who is versed in astronomy. aItRoInOM'iSaL, i «• Pertaining to astronomy. AS-TRO-NOM'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an astronomical man- ner ; by the principles of astronomy. AS-TRON'O-AliZE, v. u To study astronomy. Brown. [Little used.] AS-TRON'0-MY, n. [Gr. aarpov and vof/os.] The science which teaches the knowledge of the celestial bodies, their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolu- tion, aspects, eclipses, order, &c. ASTRO-SCOPE, n. [Gr. aarpov and (TKo-neu).] An astro- nomical instrument. AS'TRO-Se')-PV", 71. Observation of the stars. AS'TEO-TilE-OL'O-GY, n. [L. astrum and theologia.] Theology founded on the observation of the celestial bodies. A-^'TRUT', adv. In a strutting manner. i A-aTUN', V. t. To stun. AS-TuTE', a. [L. astutus.] Shrewd ; sharp ; eagle-eyed ; critically examining or discerning. A-SUND'ER, adv. [Sax. asundrian.] Apart ; into parts ; separately •, in a divided state. f A-SWOON , adv. In a swoon. Qower. A-SY'LUM, n. [L.] I. A sanctuary, or place of refuge, where criminals and debtors shelter themselves from jus- tice. 2. Any place of retreat and security. A-SYM'ME-TRAL, ) a. [See Symmetry.] Not having AS-YM-MET'RT-CAL, \ symmetry. More. [Little used.] A-SYMME-TRY, 7!. [Gr. a KnA (rvnntrpia.] The want of proportion between the parts of a thing. AS YMP-TOTE, n. [Gr. a, gvv, and rrow.] A line which approaches nearer and nearer to some curve, but, though infinitely extended, would never meet it. AS-YMP-TOT'I-€AL, a. Belonging to an asymptote. A-SYN'DE-TOIN, n. [Gr. a and o-ui/(5£w.] In grammar, a figure which omits the connective ; as, veni, vidi, vici. Campbell. AT, prep. [ ,ients, situated west of Gades, or Cadiz, on the strait of Gibraltar. AT-LAN'Ti-DES, n. A name given to tlie Pleiades or seven stars, AT-LAN'TIS, n. A fictitious piiilosopliical commonwealth of Lord Bacon, or the piece describing it. AT LAS, n. J. A collection of maps in a volume ; supposed to be so called from a picture of mount Atlas, supporting the heavens, prefixed to some collection. Johnson. 2. A large, square folio, leserabling a volume of maps. 3. The supporters of a building. 4. A silk satin, or stuff, manu- factured in the East. 5. The first veitebre of the neck. 6 A term iipplied to paper, as atlas fine. AT-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ar/ioj and yiCTpew.\ An instru- ment to measure the quantity of exhalation from a humid surface in a given time ; an evaporometer. AT'MOS-PHERE, n. [Gr. arfiog and acpai^a.] The whole mass of fluid, consisting of air, aqueous and other vapors, surrounding the earth. AT-MOS-FHER'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to the atmosphere, AT-M0S-PHER'1-€AL, \ 2. Dependent on the atmosphere. AT'OM, n. [Gr. aroixos , L. atomiis.] 1. A particle of mat- ter so minute as to admit of no division. 2. The ultimate or smallest component part of a body. 3. Any thing ex- tremely small. A-TOiM'£€, I a. Pertaining to atoms ; consisting of A-TOM't-€AL, \ atoms ; extremely mhiute. AT'OM-ISM, n. The doctrine of atoms. AT'OM-IST, 7/,. One who holds to the atomical philosophy, AT'OM-LIKE, a. Resembling atoms. Browne. AT'O-MY, n. A word used by Shakspeare for atom ; also an abbreviation oi anatomy. AT-OiVE', ado. [at and one.'] At one ; together. Spenser. A-ToNE', V. i. [supposed to be compounded of ai and one.] 1. To agree ; to be in accordance ; to accord. [This sense is obsolete.] 2. To stand as an equivalent ; to make rep- aration, amends or satisfaction for an offense or a crime. 3. To atone for, to make conrpensation or amends. A-ToNE', V. t. 1. To expiate ; to answer or make satisfac- tion for. Pope. 2. To reduce to concord ; to appease. [Jyot now iLsed.] A-ToN'ED, (a-tond') ;;p. Expiated; appeased; reconciled. A-ToNE'MENT, n. 1. Agreement; concord; reconcilia- tion after enmity or controversy. Rom.Y. 2. Expiation; satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent for an injury, — 3, In theology, the expiation of sin made by the obedience and personal sufferings of Christ, A-ToN'ER, ?t. He who makes atonement. A-TON'ie, a. Relaxed; debilitated, A-ToN'ING, ppr. 1. Reconciling. 2. Making amends, or satisfaction. AT 0-NY, n. [Gr. arovia.] Debility ; relaxation ; a want of tone or tension ; defect of muscular power ; palsy. A-TOP', adv. On or at the top. Milton. AT-RA-BI-La'RI-AN, ( a. [L, atra bills.] Affected with AT RA-BI-La'RI-OUS, \ melancholy, which the ancients attributed to the bile ; replete with black bile, AT-RA-Bl-LA'Rl-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being melan- choly, or affected with disordered bile, AT-RA-MENT'AL, ) a. [L, atramentum.] Inky ; black AT-RA-MENT'OUS, \ like ink, AT-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. Like ink ; suitable for mak- ing ink. t A'TRED, a. [L. ater.] Tinged with a black color. A-TRfP', adv. In nautical language, the anchor is atrip, when drawn out of the ground in a perpendicular direc- tion^ A-TRo'CIOUS, a. [L. atrox.] 1. Extremely heinous, crim- inal or cru€l ; enormous ; outrageous, 2. Very griev- ous ;^ violent. Obs. A-TRo'CIOUS-LY, adv. In an atrocious manner ; with enormous cruelty or guilt. A-TRo'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being enormously criminal or cruel. A-TROC'I-TY, n. Enormous wickedness ; extreme hein- ousness or cruelty. ATRO-PHY, n. [Gr. a and rpecfxi) ] A consumption or wasting of the fiesh, with loss of strength, without any sensible cause or hectic fever; a wasting from defect of nourisjhment. A-TRo'Pl-A, n. A vegetable alkali extracted from the atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade. AT-TACH', V. t. [Fr, attacker.] 1. To take by legal au- thority ; to arrest the person by writ, to answer for a debt, 2. To take, seize and lay hold on, by moral force, as by affection or interest ; to win the heart ; to fasten or bind by moral influence, 3, To make to adhere ; to tie, bind or fasten. AT-TACH'A-BLE, a. That may be legally attached ; lia- ble to be taken by writ or precept, AT-TACH'ED, (at-tachf) pp. Taken by writ or precept ; drawn to and fixed, or united by affection or interest. AT-TACH'ING, ppr. Taking or seizing by commandment or writ ; drawing to, and fixing by influence ; winning the affections. AT-TACH'MENT, n. L A taking of the person, goods cr estate by a writ or precept in a civil action, to secure a debt or demand, 2, A writ directing the person or estate of a person to be taken, to secure his appearance before a court. 3. Close adherence or affection ; fidelity ; regard ; any passion or affection that binds a person. AT-tA€K , V. t. [Fr. attaquer.] 1. To assault ; to fall upon with force ; to assail, as with force and arms. 2. To fall upon with unfriendly words or writing ; to begin a con- troversy with. AT-TACK', n. An onset ; first invasion ; a falling on, with force or violence, or with calumny, satire or criticism. AT-TA€K'ED, (at-takf) pp. Assaulted ; invaded ; faUen on by force or enmity. AT-TACK'ER, n. One who assaults or invades. AT-TA€K'ING, ppr. Assaulting ; invading ; falling on with force, calumny or criticism. AT-TA-€OT'TI€, a. Pertaining to the Attacotti, a tribe of ancient Britons, allies of the Scots. AT'TA-GEN, 7i. A beautiful fowl, resembling the pheas- ant. AT-TaIN', v. i. [Fr. and Norm, atteindre.] 1. To reach ; to come to or arrive at. 2. To reach ; to come to or ar- rive ^t, by an effort of mind. AT-TaIN', v. t. 1. To gain ; to compass ; to achieve or ac complish, that is, to reach by efforts, 2, To reach or come to a place or object by progression or motion. 3. To reach in excellence or degree ; to equal. t AT-TaIN', 7t. Attainment. Olanville. AT-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be attained ; that may be reached. AT-TaIN'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being attain- able. AT-TaIN'DER, 77. [Norm. Fr, atteindre.] 1. Literally, a staining, corruption, or rendering impure ; a corruption of blood, 2. The judgment of death, or sentence of a competent tribunal upon a person convicted of treason or felony, which judgment attaints, taints or corrupts his blood, so that he can no longer inherit lands. 3. The act of attainting. AT-TaIN'MENT, n. 1. The act of attaining ; the act of ar- riving at or reaching. 2. That which is attained to, or obtained by exertion ; acquisition, AT-TaINT', v. t. I. To tahit or corrupt ; to extinguish the pure or inheritable blood of a person found guilty of trea- son or felony. 2. To taint, as the credit of jurors, con- victed of giving a false verdict. 3. To disgrace ; to stain 4, To taint or corrupt, Shak. AT-TaINT', (at-tantO n. 1. A stain, snot or taint. Shak. 2. Any thing injurious ; that which impairs. [Obs.] Shak. 3. A blow or wound on the hinder feet of a horse. 4. A writ which lies after judgment against a jury for giving a false verdict in any court of record. fAT-TAINT', part. a. Convicted. AT-TaINT'ED, pp. Stained ; corrupted ; rendered infa^ mous ; rendered incapable of inheriting. AT-TaINT'ING, ppr. Staining ; corrupting ; rendering in- famous by judicial act ; depriving of inheritable blood. AT-TaINT'MENT, n. The being attainted. AT-TaINT'URE, n. A staining or rendering infamous ; reproach ; imputation. t AT-TAM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L, attamino.] To corrupt. t AT-TASK', V. t. To task ; to tax. Shak. t AT-TaSTE', v. t. To taste. AT-TEM'PER, v. t. [L, attempero.] 1. To reduce, modify or moderate by mixture, 2, To soften, mollify or moder- ate, 3, To mix in just proportion ; to regulate. 4. To accommodate ; to fit or make suitable. t AT-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. Temperance. Chaucer. AT-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. attemperatus.] Tempered ; proportioned ; suited. t AT-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. To attemper. AT-TEM'PERED, pp. Reduced in quality ; moderated : softened ; well mixed ; suited, AT-TEM'PER-ING, j9;)r. Moderating in quality ; softening ; mixing in due proportion ; making suitable, t AT-TEM'PER-LY, adv. In a temperate manner. AT-TEMTER-MENT, 7i. A tempering or proportioning Dr. Chalmers. AT-TEMPT', V. t. [Fr. attenter.] 1. To make an effort to effect some object ; to make trial or experiment ; to try , to endeavor ; to use exertion for any purpose. 2. To at- tack ; to make an effort upon. AT-TEMPT', n. An essay, trial or endeavor; an attack; or an effort to gain a point. AT-TEMPT' A-BLE, a. That may be attempted, tried or attacked ; liable to an attempt. AT-TEMPT'ED, pp. Essayed ; tried ; attacked. AT-TEMPT'ER, n. One who attempts, or attacks. AT-TEMPT'ING, ppr. Trying ; essaying ; making an ef- fort to gain a point ; attacking. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete ATT 63 ATT AT-TEND', V. t. [L. attendo ; Fr. attendre.] 1. Togo with, or accompany, as a companion, minister or servant. 2. To be present ; to accompany or be united to. 3. To be con- sequent to, from connection of cause, 4. To await ; to remain, abide or be in store for. 5. To wait for ; to lie in wait. 6. To wait or stay for. 7. To accompany with solicitude ; to regard. 8. To regard ; to fix the mind upon. 9. To expect. [JVot in use.] Raleigh. AT-TEND', V. i. 1. To listen ; to regard with attention ; fol- lowed by to. 2. To fix the attention upon, as an object of pursuit ; to he busy or engaged in. 3. To wait on ; to accompany or be present, in pursuance of duty ; with 07i or upon. 4. To wait on, in service or worship ; to serve, (j. To stay ; to delay. Obs. 7. To wait ; to be within call. Spenser. AT-TEND'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of waiting on, or serving. 2. A waiting on ; a being present on business of any kind. 3. Service ; ministry. 4. The persons at- tending 5 a train ; a retinue. 5. Attention ; regard ; care- ful application of mind. 6. Expectation. [Obs.] Hooker. AT-TEND' ANT, a. 1. Accompanying ; being present, or in the train. 2. Accompanying, connected with, or imme- diately following, as consequential. — 3. In law, depending on or owing service to. AT-TEND' ANT, n. 1. One who attends or accompanies •, one who belongs to the train. 2. One who is present. 3. One who owes service to or depends on another. 4. That which accompanies or is consequent to. AT-TEND'ED, pp. Accompanied ; having attendants ; served ; waited on. AT-TEND'ER, n. One who attends ; a companion ; an as- sociate. [Little used.] AT-TEND'ING, ppr. Going with ; accompanying ; wait- ing on ; being present ; serving ; listening. t AT-TEND'ING-LY, adv. With attention. Oley. AT-TENT', a. Attentive. 2 Chron. vi. AT-TENT'ATES, n. Proceedings in a coiul; of judicature, after an inhibition is decreed. AT-TEN'TION, n. 1. The act of attending or heeding. 2. Act of civility, or courtesy. AT-TENT'IVE, a. [Fr. attentif.] Heedful ; intent ; ob- servant ; regarding with care. AT-TENT'lVE-LY, adv. Heedfully ; carefully ; with fixed attention. AT-TENT'IVE-NESS, n. The state of being attentive ; heedfulness ; attention. AT-TEN'U-ANT, a. Making thin, as fluids ; diluting ; rendering less dense and viscid. AT-TEN'U-ANT, n. A medicine which thins the humors, subtilizes their parts, dissolves viscidity, and disposes the fluids to motion, circulation and secretion ; a diluent. AT-TEN'U-ATE, v. t. [L. attenuo.] 1. To make thin or less consistent ; to subtilize or break the humors of the body into finer parts ; to render less viscid. 2. To com- minute ; to break or wear solid substances into finer or very minute parts. 3. To make slender ; to reduce in AT-TEN'U-ATE, a. Made thin, or less viscid ; made slender. AT-TEN'U-A-TED, pp. Made thin or less viscid ; commi- nuted ; made slender. — In botany, growing slender to- wards the point. AT-TEN'U-A-TING, ppr. Making thin, as fluids ; making fine, as solid substances ; making slender or lean. AT-TEN-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin, as fluids. 2. The act of making fine, by comminution or attrition. 3. The act or process of making slender, thin or lean. AT'TER, 71. [Sax. ater.] Corrupt matter. Skinner. AT'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. attero.] 1. To wear away. 2. To form or accumulate by wearing. AT'TER-A-TED, pp. Formed by wearing. Ray. AT-TER-A'TION, n. The operation of forming land by the wearing of the sea, and the wer.ring of the earth in one place and deposition of it in anailier. AT'TER-lop' i "• ^ spider. Jforth of England. AT-TEST', v.^t. [Fr. attester; h. attestor.] 1. To bear wit- ness to ; to certify ; to affirm to be true or genuine ; to make a solemn declaration. 2. To bear witness, or support the truth of a fact, by other evidence than words. 3. To call to witness ; to invoke as conscious. AT-TEST', 7!. Witness ; testimony ; attestation. [L. u.] AT-TES-Ta'TIOxN, n. Testimony ; witness ; a solenm or oflicial declaration. AT-TEST'ED, pp. Proved or supported by testimony, sol- emn or official ; witnessed ; supported by evidence. AT-TEST'ING, ppr. Witnessing •, cailmg to witness ; af- firming in support of. AT-TEST'OR, n. One who attests. AT'Tie, a. [L. Atticus; Gr. Kttiko?.] Pertaining to Attica in Greece, or to its principal city, Athens. Thus, .^ttic v/it, Attic salt, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the Athenians.— ^Mic story, a story in the upper part of a house, where the windows are usually square. AT'T1€, n. 1. A small square pillar with its cornice on the uppermost part of a building. 2. An Athenian j an Athe- nian author. AT'Tl €AL, a. [L. atticus.] Relating to the style of Athens ; pure ; classical. Hammond. AT'TI-CISM, n. 1. The peculiar style and idiom of the Greek language, used by the Athenians ; refined and elegant Greek. 2. A particular attachment to tlie Athenians. jyiitfor([. AT'TI-CiZE, V. t. To conform or make conformable to the language or idiom of Attica. AT'Tl-CiZE, V. i. To use Atticisms, or the idiom of the Athenians. AT'TI€S, n. plu. The title of a book in Pausanias, which treats of Attica. AT-TfNGE', u. t. [L. attingo.] To touch lightly Diet. AT-TlRE', V. t. [Norm, attyrer.] To dress ; to array ; to adorn with elegant or splendid garments. AT-TlRE', 7t. 1. Dress ; clothes ; habit ; but appropriately^ ornamental dress. 2. The horns of a deer. — 3. In botany, the generative parts of plants. AT-TIR'ED, (at-tird') pp. Dressed ; decked with onia- meivts or attire. Al'-TlR'ER, n. One who dresses or adorns with attire. AT-TlRTNG, ppr. Dressing 5 adorning with dress or attire. t AT-TI'TLE, V. t. To entitle. Oower. AT'Tl-TUDE. ?!. [Fr. attitude.] 1. In painting and sculp- ture, the posture or action in which a figure or statue is placed. 2. Posture ; position of things or persons. AT-TOL'LENT, a. [L. attollens.] Lifting up; raising. Derham. AT-TOL'LENT, n. A muscle which raises some part, as tlie ear, the tip of the nose, or the upper eye-lid ; other- wise called levator or elevator. AT-ToNE'. See Atone. AT-T6RN', V. i. [L. ad and torno.] In the feudal law, to turn, or transfer homage and service from one lord to an- other. AT-ToRN'EY, n. ; plu. Attorneys. [Norm, attournon.] One who is appointed or admitted, in the place of another, to manage his matters in law. The word formerly signified any person who did any business for another. Attorney- fencral is an officer appointed to manage business for the ing, the state or public ; and his duiy, in particular, is to prosecute persons guilty of crimes. t AT-T6RN'EY, v. t. To perform by proxy ; to employ as a proxy. Shak. AT-T6RN'EY-SHIP, n. The oflice of an attorney ; agency for another. Shak. AT-ToRN'ING, ppr. Acknowledging a new lord, or trans- ferring homage and fealiy to the purchaser of an estate. AT-T6RN'MENT, n. The act of a feudatory vassal or ten- ant, by which he consents to receive a new lord or supe- rior. AT-TRA€T', v. t. [L. attraho, attractus.] To draw to ; to cause to move towards, and unite with ; to invite or al lure ; to engage. t AT-TRACT', 71. Attraction. Hudibras. AT-TRA€T-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being attracta- ble. Asiat. Researches. AT-TRACT' A-BLE, a. That may be attracted ; subject to attraction. AT-TRACT'ED, pp. Drawn towards ; invited ; allured j engaged. + AT-TRACT'IC ) t AT-TRACT'I-CAL 1 "" ^^^^'"g powex to draw to. Ray. AT-TRA€T'ILE, a. That has power to attract. Med. Rep. AT-TRACT'ING, ppr. Drawing to or towards ; inviting ; alluring ; engaging. AT -TRACT' ING-LY, adv. In an attracting manner. AT-TR ACTION, n. 1. The power in bodies which is sup- posed to draw them together. 2 The act of attracting ; the effect of the principle of attraction. 3. Tlie power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting or engaging. AT-TRACT'IVE, a. [Fr. attractif.] 1. Having the ruality of attracting ; drawing to. 2. Drawing to by moral in fluence •, alluring ; inviting ; engaging. AT-TRACT'lVE-LY, adv. With the power of attracting, or drawing to. AT-TRACT'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being attractive, or engaging. AT-TRACT'OR, n. The person or thing that attracts. *AT-TRa'IIENT, a. [L. attrahens.] Drawing to ; or, as a noun, that which draws to. Olanville. t AT-TRAP', v. t. To clothe •, to dre-'s. AT-TRP:€-Ta'TION, n. [L. attrectatio.] Frequent hand- ling. Diet. AT-TRIB'U-T A-BLE, a. That may be ascribed, imputed or attributed ; ascribable ; imputable. AT-TRIB'UTE, -w. t. [1.. attribuo.] 1. To allot or attach, in contemplation ; to ascribe ; to consider as belonging. 2. 'Lo give as due : to yield as an act of the mind. 3 To iiQ' pute, as to a'cause. AT'TRI-BUTE, n. 1. That which is attributed ; that which * See Synopsis MOVE BOOK , D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH asSH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete AUD Is considered as belonging to, or inherent in. 2. Quality ; characteristic disposition. 3. A tiling bekmging to an- other ; an appendant. 4. Reputation ; honor. Shak. AT-TRIB'U-TED,i>;». Ascribed ; yielded as due ; imputed. AT-TRIB'U TING, ppr. Ascribhig ; yielding or giving as due ; imputing. AT-TRI-BU'TION, n. The act of attributing, or the quality ascribed ; commendation. AT-TRIB'U-TIVE, a. Pertaining to or expressing an attri- b'lte, AT-TRlB'U-TlVE, n. In grammar, a word significant of an attribute ; as an adjective, verb or particle. AT-TRiTE', a. [L. attritus.] Worn by rubbing or friction. Milton. See Trite. AT-TRITE'NESS, n. The being much worn. AT-TRi"T10i\, n. 1. Abrasion ; the act of wearing by fric- tioTi, or i-iibbing substances together. 2. The state of be- ing worn. 3. With divined, grief for sin arising from fear of punishment ; the low est desree of repentance. Wallis. AT-TUNL', V. t. 1. To make musical. 2. To tune, or put in tune ; to adjust one sound to another ; to make accord- ant. _ AT-TuN'ED, (at-tund') pp. Made musical or harmonious ; accommodated in sound. AT-TuN'ING, ppr. Putting in tune ; making musical, or accordant in sound. f A-TW AlN', adtj. In twain ; asunder. Shak. t A-TWEEN', adv. Between. Spenser. t A-TWIXT', adv. Betwixt. Spenser. t A-TW&, adv. In two. Chaucer. AU-BaINE', (au-bane') n. [Fr. aubain.] The droit d'au- " bailie, in France, is the right of tiie king to the goods of an alien dying within his jurisdiction. AU'BURN, a. [from brun, bruno, Fr. and It., brown.] " Brown ; of a dark color. AUOTiOiV, n. [L. auctio.] 1. A public sale of property to the highest bidder, and, regularly, by a person licensed and authorized for the purpose ; a vendue. 2. The thing sold ai auction. Pope. t A 1J€'T10N, V. t. To sell by auction. Al €'T10N-A-RY, a. Belonging to an aaction or public sale. Dryden. AUe-TlON-EER', n. [L. auctionarius.] The person who "sells at auction. AU€-TrON-EERi, v. t. To sell at auction. Cowper. t AU€'TIVE, a. Of an increasing quality. Diet. AU-eU-PA'TlON, n. [L. aucupatio.] The act or practice " of taking birds ; fowling ; bird-catching. [Little used.] AU-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. audax ; Fr. aiidacieux.] 1. Very '" bold or daring ; impudent. 2. Committed with, or pro- ceeding from, daring effrontery. 3. Bold ; spirited. AU-Da'CIOUS-LY, adv. In an impudent manner ; with ' excess of boldness. Shak. AU-Da'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being audacious ; "impudence-, audacity. Sandys. AU-DA(J'I-TY, n. 1. "Boldness, sometimes in a good sense ; " daring spirit, resolution or confidence. 2. Audaciousness ; impudence ; ni a bad sense ; implying a contempt of law or moral restraint. AUD'E-AN-ISM, n. Anthropomorphism ; or the doctrine of " Audeus. AUD'I-BLE, a. [L. audibilis.] That may be heard; per- '" ceivable by the ear ; loud enough to be heard. t AUD'I-BLE, n. The object of hearing. Did. AUB'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being audible. AUD'I-BLY, adv. In an audible manner ; in a manner so as '" to be heard. AUD'1-ENCE, n. I. The act of hearing, or attending to " sounds. 2. Admittance to a hearing ; public reception to an interview. 3. An auditory ; an assembly of hearers. — 4. In the Spanish dominions, a court. 5. In England, a court held by the archbishop of Canterbury, on the subject of consecrations, elections, institutions, marriages, &c. AUD'I-ENCE-CHaM'BER, n. The place of reception for a solemn meeting. Translation of Boccalini. ALJIH-ENCE-€oURT, n. A court belonging to the arch- " bishop of Canterbury, of eq\ial authority with the arches court, though inferior both in dignitv and antiquity. t AUDT-ENT, )!. A hearer. Shelton. AUD'IT, ?(. [L. audit.] 1. An examination of an account, or of accounts, with a hearing of the parties concerned. 2. The result of such an examination ; a final account. AUD'iT, V. t. To examine and adjust an account or ac- counts. \ AUD' IT, V. i. To sum up. Arbuthnot. AUD'TT-HOUSE, n. An appendage to a cathedral. ^ AUn-i"TrON, n. IJearing. A'UDT-TIVE, a. Having the power of hearmg. AUDT-TOR, 71. [L.] 1. a hearer ; one who attends to hear " f» discourse. 2. A person appointed and authorized to ex- amine an account or accounts. AUD'1-TOR-SHIP, 7!. The office of auditor. /iUD'I-TO-RY, a. That has the power of hearing ; pertain- ing to the sense or organs of hearing. \ AUR AUD'I-TO RY, n. [L. auditorium.'] 1. An audience ; an assembly of hearers. 2. A place or apartment where dis- courses are delivered. 3. A bench tn which a judge sita to hear causes. AUD'l-TRESS, n A female hearer. Miltor AUF, 71. A fool ; a shnpleton. See Oaf. AU-6E'AN, a. Belonging to j3ifo-ea5 ,• as, the ^Mo-ean stable AUG'ER, n. [D. avegaar.] An instrument tor boring large holes. AUG'ER-HOLE, n. A hole made by an auger. AUGHT, (awt) n. [Sax. awiht^ aht, or owiht, ohwit, oht.] 1. Any thing, indefinitely. 2. Any part, the smallest ; a jot or tittle. AU'GlTE, n. [Gr. avyrj.] A mineral, called by HaUy, pyroz- ene ; often found in distinct crystals. AU-6lT'ie, a. Pertaining to augite -, resembling augite. AUG-MENT', V. t. [Fr. augmenter.] 1. To increase ; to enlarge in size or extent ; to swell ; to make bigger. 2. To increase or swell the degree, amount or magnitude. AUG-MENT', V. i. To increase ; to grow larger. AUG'MENT, 7). 1. Increase •, enlargement by addition state of increase.— 2. In philology, a syllable prefixed to a word ; or an increase of the quantity of the initial vowel. AUG-MENT'A-BLE, a. That may be increased ; capable of augmentation. WalsWs Jimer. Rev. AUG-MENT-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of increasing, or mak ing larger. 2. The state of being increased or enlarged 3. The thing added by which a thing is enlarged. — 4. In music, a doubling the value of the notes of the subject of a fugue or canon. AUG-MExNT'A-TiVE, a. Having the quality or power of augmenting. AUG-MENT'ER, n. He that augments. AUG-MENT'ING, ;>;?r. Increasing ; enlarging. AU'GRE. See Auger. AU GRE-HOLE, n. A hole made by an augre. Shak. AU'GUR, n. [L. augur.] 1. Among the Romans, an ofiice whose duty was to foretell future events by the singing chattering, flight, and feeding of birds. 2. One who pre tends to foretell future events by omens. AU'GUR, V. i. To guess ; to conjecture by signs or omens ; to prognosticate. AU'GUR, V. t. To predict or foretell ; as, to augur ill suc- " cess. AU'GU-RAL, a. [L. auguralis.] Pertaining to an augur, or to prediction by the appearance of birds. AU'GU-RATE, v. i. To judge by augury ; to predict. War- burton. [Little used.] AU-GU-Ra'TION, n. "The practice of augury, or the fore- '" telling of events by the chattering and flight of birds. AUGURED, pp. Conjectured by omens ; prognosticated AU'GU-RER, 7?. An augur. Shak. [JVot legitimate.] AU-Gu'RI-AL, a. Relating to augurs. Brown. f AU'GU-RlZE, V. t. To augur. AU'GUR-OUS, a. Predicting ; foretelling ; foreboding. AU'GU-RY, 71. [L. augurium.] 1. The art or practice of " foretelling events by the flight or chattering of birds. 2 An omen •, prediction ; prognostication. AU-GUST', a. [L. uugustus.] Grand ; magnificent ; ma- '" jestic ; impressing awe •, inspiring reverence. AU'GUST, n. Th^ eighth month of the year, named in " honor of the emperor Octavius Augustus. AU-GUST'AN, a. 1, Pertaining to Augustus ; as, the Au~ " gustan age. 2. The Augustan confession, drawn up at Augusta or Augsburg, by Luther and Melancthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants. AU-GUS-TIN'I-AN.«, n. Those divines, who, from St. Au '" gustin, maintain that grace is eflfectual from its nature. AU-GUST'INS, or AU-GUS-TIN'I-ANS, n. An order of monks, so called from St. Augustin. AU-GUSTNESS, n. Dignity of mien ; grandeur ; magnifi- "cence. AUK, 71. [contracted from alca ] A genus of aquatic fowls, " of the order of ansers. AUK'WARD. See Awkward. AU-La'RI-AN, 71. [L. aula.] At Oxford, the member of a " hall, distinguished from a collegian. Todd. t AULD, a. [Sax. aid.] Old. Shak. AU-LET'IC, a. [Gr. av'kriTiKos.] Pertaining to pipes, or to a '" pipe. [Little used.] AU'LIC, a. [L. auliciis.] Pertaining to a royal court, proba- " bly confined to the German empire. AULN, n. [Fr. aulne.] A French measure of length ; an ell. f AU-MaIL', v. t. [Fr. email.] To figure or variegaie. AUM'BRY. See Ambry. AUME, 7!. A Dutch measure for Rhenish wine. AUNE, 71. [a contraction of aulne, ulna.] A French cloth "measure. AUNT, (ant) n. [L. amita ; qu. Fr. tante.] The sister of one's father or mother, conelative to nephew or niece. t AUN'TER, 71. Old word for adventure. AU'RA, n. [L.] Literally, a breeze, or gentle current of " air, but used by English writers for a stream of fine parti- * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, Cf, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j—PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. AUT 63 AUT cles flowing from a body, as effluvia, aroma, or odor ; an exhalation. A U 'RATE, n. A sort of pear. All KATE, n. [L. aurtim.] A combination of tlie oxyd of "gold with a base. AU'PtA-TED, a. Resembling gold. t'AU'RE-AT, a. [L. auratus.] Golden. Shelton. AtJ-RE'Li-A, n. in natural history, the nymph or chrysalis '" of an insect. AU-Rk'LI-AN, a. Like or pertaining to the aurelia. AU'RI€, a. [from awum.] Pertaming to gold. ^U'RI-€LE, n. [L. auricula.] 1. The external ear, or that part which is prominent from the liead. 2. The auricles of the heart are two muscular bags, situated at the base, serving as diverticula for the blood, during the diastole. AU-RI€'U-LA, n. A species of primrose, called, from the ' shape of its leaves, beards ear. AU-RI€'U-LAR, a. [L. auricula.] 1. Pertaining to the 'ear; within the sense of hearing; told in the ear. 2. Recognized by the ear ; known by the sense of hearing. 3. Traditional ; known by report. AU-RI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. In a secret manner ; by way of " whisper, or voice addressed to the ear. AU-R1€'U-LATE, o Shaped like the ear. Botany. AU-Rie'U-LA-TED a. Having large or elongated ears. AU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. aurifer.] That yields or produces "gold^ ^U-Rl'GA, n. [L. aurea, orea, and rego.] 1. Literally, the " director of a car, or wagon. — In astronomy, the Wagoner, a constellation in the northern hemisphere. 2. The fourth lobe of the liver ; also a bandage for the sides. AU-RI-Ga'TION, n. [L. aurig-a.] The act or practice of '" driving horses harnessed to carriages. AU-RI-PIG-MEN'TUM. .See Okpiment. AU'RI-S€ALP, n. [L. auris and scalpo.] An instrument to " clean the ears. AU'RIST, n. [L. auris.] One skilled in disorders of the "ear, or who professes to cure them. AU'IIOCHS, n. [G. urochs.] A species of ox, whose bones " are found in gravel and alluvial soil. Jour, of Science. AU-Ro'RA, n. [L. aurora.] 1. The rising light of the " morning ; the dawn of day, or morning twilight. 2. The goddess of the morning, or twilight deified by fancy. 3. A species of crowfoot. Aurora borealis, or lumen boreale ; northern twilight. This species of light usually appears in streams, ascending to- wards the zenith from a dusky line a few degrees above the horizon. AU-Ro'RAL, a. Belonging to the aurora, or to the northern "liehts ; resembling the twilight. E. Goodrich. ALARUM, n. Gold. Aurum fulminans, fulminating gold, is gold dissohed in aqua regia or nitro-muriatic acid, and precipitated by vol- atile alkali. AUS-€UL-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of listening, or heark- ' ening to. — 2. In medicine ^ a method of distinguisliing dis- eases, particularly in the thorax, by observing the sounds in the part, generally by means of a tube applied to the surface. A(J'SPI-€ATE, V. t. [L. auspicor.] 1. To give a favorable turn to. Burke. 2. To foreshow. ^To begin. Burke. AU'SFlCE, ) n. [L. auspicium.] l.^lie omens of an un- AfJ'SPl-CES, \ dertaking, drawn from birds ; augury. "2. Protection; favor shown ii patronage; influence. In this sense the word is generally plural, auspices. t AU-SPl"CIAL, a. Relating to prognostics. AtJ-SPi"CIOUS, a. 1. Having omens of success, or favora- " ble appearances 2. Prosperous; fortunate. 3. Favora- ble ; kind ; propitious. AU-SPi"CIOUS-LY, adv. With favorable omens ; happily ; " prosperously ; favorably ; propitiouslv. AU-SPi"CI0US-NESS,7i. A state of fair promise; prosperity. AUS'TER, n. [L.l The south wind. Pope. AU-STeRE', a. [L. austerus.] 1. Severe ; harsh ; rigid ; " stern._ 2. Sour ; harsh ; rough to the taste. AU-STkRE'LY, adv. Severely ; rigidjy ; harshly. AU-STeRE'NESS, ?f. 1. Severity in manners ; harshness ; ' austerity. 2. Roughness in taste. AU-STER'I-TY, n. [L. austeritas.] Severity of manners or life •, rigor ; strictness ; barsh discipline. AUS'TRAL, a. [L. australis.] Southern; lying or being in ' the south. AUS-TRAL-a'SIA, 91. [austral and .^sia.] A name given "to tlie countries situated to the south of Asia, compre- hending New Holland, New Guinea, New Zealand, &c. f AOS'TRAL-iZE, v. i. [L. auster.] To tend towards the south. AUS'TRT-AN, a. Pertaining to Austria. AUS'TRI-AN, n. A native of Austria. AUS'TRINE, a. [L. austrinus.] South ; southerly; southern. AUS'TRO-MAN-CY, n. [from auster, and Gr. iiavTeia.'] Soothsaying, or prediction of future events, from observa- tion of the winds. \ AU'TAR-€HY, n. [Gr. avrapKEia.] Self-sufficiency. Coles. iVU-THEN'Tie, I a. [Fr. authentique.] I, Having a AU-THEN'TI-€AL, \ genuine original or authority, in "opposition to that which is false, fictitioua, or counterfeit ; being what it purports to be ; genuine ; true. 2. Of ap proved authority. AU-THEN'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In an authentic manner; " with the requisite or genuine auiiiority. AU-THEN'T[-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being authen- tic ; authenticity. AU-THEN'Tr-€ATE, v. t. To render authentic ; to give " authority to, by the proof. AU-THEN'TI-€A-TED, pp. Rendered authentic ; having " received the forms which prove genuineness. AU-THEN'TI-€A-T1NG, ppr. Giving authority by the " necessary signature, seal, attestation, or other forms. AU-THEN-TI-€a'T10N, n. The act of authenticating ; the " giving of authority by the necessary formalities. AU-THEN'T1€-LY, ad7u After an authentic mam er. AU-THEN-TIC'I-TY,7i. Genuineness ; the quality of being " of genuine original. AU-THEN'Tie-NESS, n. Authenticity. [Rarely used.] AU'THOR, n. [L. auctor ; Fr. auteur ; Sp. autor ; It. au "tore.] 1. One who produces, creates, or brings into being. 2. The beginner, former, or first mover of any thing; hence, the efficient cause of a thing. It is appropriately applied to one who composes or writes a book, or original work. t AU'THOR, V. t. To occasion ; to effect. AU'THOR-ESS, n. A female author. AU-THOR'[-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Having due authority. 2 Having an air of authority ; positive ; peremptory. AU-THOR'I-TA-TiVE-LY, adv. In an authoritative man- ner ; with due authority. AU-THOR'1-TA-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being au- thoritative ; an acting by authority. AU-THOR'I-TY, n. [L, auctoritas.] 1. Legal power, or a right to command or to act ; power ; rule ; sway. 2. The power derived from opinion, respect or esteem ; influence of character or office ; credit. 3. Testimony ; witness ; or the person who testifies. 4. Weight of testimony ; credibility. 5. Weight of character ; respectability; dig- nity. 6. Warrant ; order ; permission. 7. Precedents, decisions of a court, officia! dec! irations, respectable opinions and sayings, also the book ^ that contain them 8. Government ; the persons or I'le body exercising pow- er or command. AU-TH0R-I-Za'T10N, 71. The act of giving authority, or "legal power ; establishment by authority. AU'THOR-IZE, V. t. [Fr. autoriser.] 1. To give authority, " warrant or legal power to ; to give a right to act ; to em- power. 2. To give authority, credit or reputation to 3. To justify ; to support as right. AU'THOR-lZED, pp. Warranted by rght ; supported by ' authority ; derived from legal or proper authority ; hav- ing power or authority. AU'THOR -I-ZING, ppr. Giving authority to, or legal pow- " er, credit, or permission. t AU'THOR-LESS, a. Without authority. Sir E. Sackville. AU'THOR-SHIP, n. The quality or state of being an author. Shaftesbury. AU-TO-BI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. avros, and biography.] Biography or memoirs of one's life written by liimself. Walsh. AU-TO€H'THON, n. [Gr.] One who rises or grows out of " the earth. AU-TO€'RA-SY, n. [Gr. avTos and Kparog.] Independent " power ; supreme, uncontrolled authority. AU'TO-€RAT, AU'TO-€RA-TER, or AU'TO-€RA-TOR, V. An absolute prince or sovereign ; a title assumed by the emperors of Russia. AU-TO-€RAT'I€, ) a. Pertaining to autocracy ; abso- AU-TO-€RAT'I-€AL, ( lute. AU'TOeRA-TRIX, n. A female absolute sovereign. AUTO DA FE. [Port, act of faith.] 1. In "lie Romish church, a solemn day held by the Inquisition, for the pun- ishment of heretics. [Span. Auto defc.] 2. A sentence given by the Inquisition, and read to a criminal, or he- retic. 3. The session of the court of Inquisili^u. t AU-TO-GE'NE-AL, a. [Gr. avroyevris.] Self-begotten. AU'TO-GRAPH, or AU-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ivtos and yp«^j7.] A person's own hand-writing ; an original man- uscript. AU-TOG'RA-PHAL, a. Of the particular hand- writing of a "person. ^ AU-TO-GRAPH'l€, ) a. Pertaining to an autograph, or AU-TO-GRAPH'I-€AL, | one's own hand-writing. AU-TOMA-LlTE, n. A mineral, called by Haiiy, spinelle zincifdre. t AU-TOM'A-TAL, a. Automatical ; automat^us. AU'TO-MATH, n. [Gr. avrog and pavBavu).] One who is "self-taught. Young. AU-TO-MAT'I€, ) a. 1. Belonging to an automaton • AU-TO-MAT'I-€AL, ] havuig the power of moving * Sec Synopsis PvIOVE. BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete AVE itself; mechanical. 2. Not voluntary ; not depending on tiie will. AU-TOM'A-TON, n. [Gr. avTonaros.} A self-moving ma- chine, or one which moves by invisible springs. A'.' TOM'A-TOUS, a. Having in itself the power of mo- tion. AU-TON'0-MOLrS,a. Independent in government ; having the right of self-government. Mitford. AU-TON'0-MY,w. [Gr. auroj and vo/zoj.] The power or right of self-government. AU'TOP-SY, ?t. \Gt. avToi^ia.'] Personal observation ; ocu- lar view. [Autopsy and its derivatives are rarely used.J AU-TOP;TI-€AL, a. Seen with one's own eyes. AU-T0P'T1-€AL-LY, adv. By means of ocular view, or one's own observation. Brown. t AU-TOS€HED-l-AS'TI-€AL,ffl. Hasty 5 slight. Martin. A-l^'TUMN, (aw'tum) 71. [L. autunmus.'\ The third season of the year, or the season between summer and winter. Astronomically, it begins at the equinox, when the sun enters libra, and ends at the winter solstice ; but, in popu- lar language, autumn comprises September, October, and Nf vember. AU-TUM'NAL, a. Belonging to autumn ; produced or gathered in autumn. A(J-TUJ\1 NAL, n. A plant that flowers in autumn. t'AU-TUMNl-TY, n. The season of autumn Hall. ALJX-E'SIS, n. [Gr. av^rjaig.] In rhetoric, a figure by " which any thing is magnified too much. AUX-ET'1€, a. Amplifying ; increasing. Hatch. ^UX-IL'IAR,or AUX-IL'IA-RY, a. \l.. auxiliaris.] Help- ing; aiding; assisting; subsidiary. AUX-IL'IA-RIES, n. plu. Foreign troops in the service of '" nations at war. ^UX-IL'IA-RY,n. 1. A helper ; an assistant ; a confederate. ' — 2. In grammar, a verb which helps to form the modes and tenses of ether verbs ; as, have, be, may, can, do, must, shall, and will, \ AUX-IL-lA'TlON, n. Help. Diet. t ACX-IL'IA-TO-RY, a. Assisting. Sir E. Sandys. A' V AlL', V. t. [Fr. valoir.] 1. To profit one's self; to turn to advantage ; followed by the pronouns myself, thyself, himself. Sec. 2. To assist or profit ; to effect the object, or bring to a successful issue. A-VaIIJ, v. i. To be of use, or advantage ; to answer the purpose. A-VaIL', n. Profit ; advantage towards success ; benefit. A-Va1L'A-BLE, a. 1. Profitable; advantageous; having efficacy. 2. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, forthe object ; valid. A-VAlL'A-BLii-NESS, n. 1. Power or efficacy, in pro- moting an end in view. 2. Competent power ; legal force ; validity. A-Y A 111' A -BhY, adv. Powerfully; profitably; advantage- ously ; validly ; efficaciously. A-VaIL'ING, ppr. Turning to profit ; using to advantage or effect. A-VaIL'MENT, n. Profit; efficacy; successful issue. [Little used.] A-VaILS', n. plu. Profits or proceeds. It is used in JVew England for the proceeds of goods sold, or for rents, issues, or profits. A V-A-LANCHE', ) n. [Fr.] A snow-slip ; a vast body of AV-A-LANGE'', S snow sliding down a mountain. t A-VaLE', v. t. [Fr. avaler.] To let fall ; to depress. Spenser. f A-VaLE', v. i. To sink. Spenser. t A-VANT', n. The front of an army. See Van. A-VANT'-€5U-RIER, n. [Fr.] One who is despatched before the rest, to notify their approach. * A-VANT'-GUARD, n. The van or advanced body of an army. A-V ^NT'U-RINE, n. A variety of quartz rock. AY A-RTCE, 7i. [1,. avaritia.] An inordinate desire of gain- ing and possessing wealth ; covetousness. Shak. AV-A-RI"C10US, a. Covetous ; greedy of gain. AV-A-Rl'CIOUS-LY, adv. Covetously; with inordinate desire of gaining wealth. Goldsmith. AV- A-RT"CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being avaricious ; insatiable passion for property. t AV'A-ROUS, a. Covetous. Oowcr. A-VAST', excl. [Ger. basta.] In seamen's language, cease ; stop ; stay. t A-VAUNCE'MENT, n. Advancement. Bale. A-VAUNT', excl. [W. ibant.] Begone ; depart ; a word of contempt or abhorrence. t A-VAUNT' V. t. [It. avantare.] To boast. Abp. Cranmer. T A-VAUNT', V. i. To come before ; to advance. Spenser. t A-VAUNT', ) t A-VAUNT'ANCE, > n. Boasting. Chaucer. t A-VAUNT'RY, ) aVE iVlA-RY, n. [from the first words of Gabriel's saluta- tion to the Virgin Mary ; L. ave, hail.] A form of devo- tion in the Romish church. m AVE A'VE, 71. [L. ave.] An address to the Virgin Mary ; an ab- breviation of the Ave Maria, or Ave Mary. t A-VEL^, V. t. [L. avello.] To pull away. Brown. AV-E-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. avenaceus.] Belonging to, o partaking of the nature of oats. AV'E-NAgE, w. [Fr.] A certain quantity of oats paid by a tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent or other duty. AV'EN-ER, or AV'EN-OR, n. [Norm. Fr.J in English feudal law, an officer of the king's stable, whose duty was to provide oats. A-VEN6E', (a-venj') v. t. [Fr. venger.] 1. To take satis faction for an injury by punishing the injuring party. 2 To revenge. 3. In the passive form, this verb signifies to have or receive just satisfaction, by the punishment of the ofl^ender. t A-VENGE , n. Revenge. Spenser. t A-VENGE'ANCE, n. Punishment. A-VEN6'ED, (a-venjd') pp. Satisfied by the punishment of the offender ; vindicated ; punished. A-VENGE'MENT, n. Vengeance ; punishment ; the act of taking satisfaction for an injury, by inflicting pain or evil on the offender ; revenge. A-VENG'ER, n. One who avenges or vindicates ; a vmdi- cator ; a revenger. A-VEN6'ER-ESS, n. A female avenger. Spenser. A-Y EN &1ING, ppr. Executing vengeance ; takuig satisfac- tion for an injury ; vindicating. AV'ENS, n. The herb bennet. Miller. AV'EN-TINE, a. Pertaining to Mons Aventinus. A-VEN'TURE, n. [Fr. aventure.] A mischance causing a person's death without felony. AV'E-NUE, n. [Fr.] 1. A passage ; a way or opening for entrance into a place. 2. An alley, or walk in a garden, planted with trees, and leading to a house, gate, wood, &c. 3. A wide street. A-VER', V. t. [Fr. averer.] To affirm with confidence ; to declare in a positive manner. Prior. AVER-AGE, 71. 1 . In commerce, a contribution to a general loss. When, for the safety of a ship in distress, any de- struction of property is incurred, either by cutting away the masts, throwing goods overboard, or other means, all persons who have goods on board, or property in the ship, contribute to the loss according to their average, that is, the goods ef each on board. 2. A mean proportion, medial sum, or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities. 3. A small duty payable by the shippers of goods to tlie master of the ship, over and above the freight, for his care of the goods. — 4. In England, the breaking up of cornfields, eddish, or roughings. — Upon, or on an aver- age, is taking the mean of unequal numbers or quanti- ties. AV'ER-AGE, a. Medial ; containing a mean proportion Price. Beddoes. AV'ER-AGE, V. t. To find the mean of unequal sums or quantities ; to reduce to a medium. AV'ER-AGE, V. i. To form a mean or medial sum or quan- tity. AVER-AGED, pp. Reduced or formed into a mean propor- tion. Jefferson. AVER-A-GING, ppr^ Forming a mean proportion out of unequal sums or quantities. A-VER'MENT, n. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion ; the act of averring. 2. Verification ; establishment by evi- dence. — 3. In pleading, an offer of either party to justify cr prove what he alledges. A-VER 'NAT, n. A sort of grape. Ash. A-VER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Cam- pania, in Italy. AVER-PEN-NY, n. Money paid towards the king's car- riages by land, instead of service by the beasts in kind. Burn. A-VER'RED, (a-verd') pp. Affirmed ; laid with an aver ment. A-VER'RING, ppr. Affirming ; declaring positively ; offer- ing to justify or verify. A- VER'RO-IS'T, 71. One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers so denominated from Avcrrocs. AV-ER-RUN€'ATE, v. t. [L. averrunco.] To root up ; to scrape or tear away by the roots. AV-ER-RUN-€a'T10N, n. The act of tearing up or raking away by the roots. AV-ER-Sa'TION, n. [L. aversor.] A turning from with disgust or dislike ; aversion ; hatred ; disinclination. It is nearly superseded by aversion. A-VERSE', (a-vers') a. 1. Disliking ; unwilling ; having a repugnance of mind. 2. Unfavorable ; indisposed ; malign. Dryden. This word and its derivatives ought tc be followed by to, and never hy from. A-VERSE'LY, (a-vers'ly) adv. With repugnance ; uiiwi! lingly. Brown. A-VERSE'NESS, (a-vers'nes) n. Opposition of mind ; dis like ; unwillingness ; backwardness. A-VER'STON, n. [Fr. aversion.] 1. Opposition or re pugnance of mind ; dislike ; disinclination ; reluctance , See Synopsis. A, E, T, O V Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete AVO 65 AWH f A-VlZE', V. t. To counsel ; to consider. Spenser. V V-0-€a'DO, 71. [Sp.l The name of a tree. See Avigato. jjatred. 2 Opposition or contrariety of nature. 3. The cause of dislike. A-VERT', V. t. [L averto.] 1. To turn from ; to turn off or away. 2. To keep off, divert, or prevent. 3. To cause to dislike. Hooker. A-V£iiT', ?;. t. To turn away. Thomson. A-VERT'ER, 7^. One that turns away ; that which turns away. A-^"ERT''[NG, pj}r. Turning from ; turning away. A'Vf-A-RY, n. [li. aviarium.] A bird cage ; an inclosure for keeping birds confined. A-VLD 1-OUS-LY, adv. Eagerly ; with gresdiness. A-VID'I-TY, 71. [h. aviditas.] 1. Greediness ; strong ap- petite. 2. Eagerness ; intenseness of desire. AV-I-Ga'TO, or AV-0-€a'DO, n. The Persea, or alligator- pear. t A-ViL£', V. t. [Fr. avilir.] To depreciate. Ben Jonson, I A-VlSE', or t A-VI'SO, n. [Fr. avis.] Advice , intelli- gence. t A-V'ISE', 7). i. To consider. Spenser. A-VlSEMENT, 7?. Advisement. See Advice and Advise. tAV'I-TOUS, a. [Ij. avitus.] Ancient ■ • "-"T, t;. t. To( A' t AV'0-€ATE, V. t. [L. avoco.] To call off, or away Boyle. AV-0-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of calling aside, or diverting from some employment. 2. Tlie business which calls aside. The word is generally used for the smaller affairs of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to 'eave his ordinary or principal business. The use of this word for vocation is very improper. \ A-Vo'€A-TlVE, a. Calling off. A.-VOW,v.t. [Fr. vuider, or vider.] 1. To shun ; to keep at a distance from ; that is, literally^ to go or be wide from. 2. To shift off, or clear off. 3. To quit ; to evac- uate ; to shun by leaving. 4. To escape. 5. To emit or throw out. 6. To make void ; to annul or vacate. A-VOID', 7).i. 1. To retire ; to withdraw. 2. To become void, vacant, or empty. A-VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be avoided, left at a dis- tance, shunned, or escaped. 2. That may be vacated ; liable to be annulled. A-VOID'ANCE, n. I. The act of avoiding, or shunning. 2. the act of vacating, or the state of being vacant. 3. The act of annulling. 4. The course by which any thing is carried off. A-VOID'ED, pp. Shunned ; evaded ; made void ; ejected. A-VOLD'ER, 71. 1. One who avoids, shuns, or escapes. 2. The person who carries any thing away ; the vessel in which things are carried away. A-VOID'ING, ppr. Shunning •, escaping ; keeping at a dis- tance ; ejecting ; evacuating ; making void, or vacant. A-VOID'LESS, a. That cannot be avoided; inevitable. Dryden. AV-OIR-DU-POIS', 71. [Fr. avoir da poids.] A weight, of which a pound contains 16 ounces. Its proportion to a pound Troy, is as 17 to 14. This is the weight for the larger and coarser commodities. t A-VOKE', z;. t. [L. avoco.] To call back. Cockeram. AV-O-LA'TION, n. [L. avolo.] The act of flying away •, flight ; escape. [Little used.] AV'O-SET, ) n. In ornitliology, a species of fowls, ar- AV-0-SET'TA, \ ranged under the genus recurvirostra. A- VOUCH', V. t. [Norm, voucher.] 1. To affirm ; to de- clare or assert with positiveness. 2. To produce or call in ; to affirm in favor of, maintam or support. 3. To maintain, vindicate, or justify. Shak. A-VOUCH', 7!. Evidence ; testimony ; declaration. Shak. ( Little use -Vc A-VOUCIi'A-BLE, a. That may be avouched. [Little itsed.] A-VOUCH'ED, (a-vouchf) pp. Affirmed ; maintained ; called in to support. A-VOUCH'ER, n. One who avouches. A-VOUCH'ING, ppr. Aflarming ; calling m to maintain ; vindicating. A-VOUCH MENT, n. Declaration ; the act of avouching Shak. A- VOW, V. t. [Fr. avouer.] To declare openly ; to own, acknowledge, or confess frankly. f A-VOW, ri. A vow or determination. Oower. A-VOW'A-BLE, a. That may be avowed, or openly ac- knowledged with confidence. Donne. A-VOW ATj, 71. An open declaration ; frank acknowledg- ment. Hume. A-VOW ANT, n. The defendant in replevin, who avo7cs the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking. Cowel. A- VOWED, (a-vowd) pp. Openly declared ; owned •, frankly acknowledged. A-VOW'ED-LY, adv. In an open manner; with frank acknowledgment. *A-VOW'EE, n. Sometimes used for advowee, the person who his a right to present to a benefice, tlie patron. Cowel. See Advowson. A-VOWER, n. One who avo'vs, owns, or asserts. A-VOWING, ppr. Openly declaring ; frankly acknowledg- ing •; justifying. A-VOW'IIY, n. In laio, the act of the distrainer of goods who, in an action of replevin, avoios and justifies tho taking ; the act of maintaining the right to distrain, by the distrainer, or defendant in replevin. Blackstone. fA-VOWSAL, n. A confession, nict. A-VOW'TRY. See Advowtry. A-VULS'ED, a. Plucked or pulled off. Shenstone. A-VUL'SION, n. [L. avulsio.] A pulling or tearing asun- der j a rending or violent separation. A-WaIT'j v. t. Literally, to remain, hold, or stay 1. To wait for ; to look for, or expect. 2. To be in store for ; to attend ; to be ready for. A-WaIT', n. Ambush ; in a state of waiting for. Spenser. A-WaIT'ING, ppr. Waiting for ; looking for ; expecting 5 being ready or in store for. A-WaKE', v. t. ; pret. awoke, awaked ; pp. awaked. [Sax gewcccan, wacian, or wecoan.] 1. To rouse from sleep. 2. To excite from a state resembling sleep, as from death, or inaction ; to put into action, or new life. A-WaKE', v. i. 1. To cease to sleep ; to come from a state ol natural sleep. 2. To bestir, revive, or rouse from a state of inaction ; to be invigorated with new life. 3. To rouse from spiritual sleep. 4. To rise from the dead. Job, xiv. A-WaKE', a. Not sleeping ; in a state of vigilance or action. A-Wa'KEN, (a-wa'kn) v. t. and v. i. The same with aivake. A-Wa'KENED, pp. Roused from sleep, in a natural or moral sense. A-Wa'KEN-ER , n. He or that which awakens. A-Wa'KEN-ING, 71. A revival of religion, or more general attention to religion than usual. A-WARD', V. t. [Scot, warde.] To adjudge ; to give by sentence or judicial determination ; to assign by sentence. A-WARD', 77. i. To judge ; to determine ; to make an award. A-WARD', n. The judgment, or determination of arbitia- tors ; judgment; sentence. A-WARD'ED, pp. Adjudged, or given by judicial sentence, or by the decision of arbitrators. A-WARD'ER, n. One that awards, or assigns by sentence or judicial determination ; a judge. A-WARD'ING, ppr. Adjudging ; assigning by judicial sen- tence ; determining. A-WaRE', a. [Sax. gewarian.] Watchful ; vigilant ; guard- ed ; but more strictly, in modern usage, apprisv.d ; expect- ing jin event from information, or probability. A-WaRE', 7;. i. To beware ; to be cautious. Milton. A-WARN', v. t. To warn, which see. Spenser. A-W^T'CHA, n. A bird of Kamtchatka. A-WaYi, adv. [Sax.aweg.] 1. Absent; at a distance. 2. It is much used with words signifying moving, or going from ; as, go aioay, send away, run away, &c. 3. As an exclamation, it is a command or invitation to depart ; away, that is, be gone, or let us go. " jSv-ay with him," take him away. 4. .^way toith has a peculiar signification in the phrase, "I cannot away with it." Isa, i. The senseis, " I cannot bear, or endure it." f A-WaY'WARD, an or ^u)rt»fof .] A species of gas, called also viephitic air, and atmospheric mephitis, on ac- count of its fatal effects upon animal life. f AZ'OTH, n. 1. Among alchimists, the first principle of metals ; the mercury of metals -, a universal medicine. Ash. 2. The liquor of sublimated quicksilver ; brass. A-ZOT'I€, a. Pertaining to azote ; fatal to animal life. AZ'0-TlTE, n. A salt formed by a combination of the prot- oxyd of azote, or nitrous oxyd, witli an alkali. * AZ'URE, (azh'-ur) a. [Fr. azur ; Sp. azul, or azur ; It. azzui-ro.] Of a sky-blue ; resembling the clear blue color of the sky. * AZ'URE, (azh'-ur) n. 1. The fine blue color of the sky 2. The sky, or azure vault of heaven. — 3. In heraldry, a blue color in coats of all persons under the degree of baron. Jones. AZ'URE, V. t. To color blue. AZ'URED, (azh'-ured) a. Colored azure ; being of an azure color. Sidney. Ai'LjiS-rE °^^' i "• Another name of the lazulite. AZ'URN, (azh'-um) a. Ofa blue color. Milton. [Littleused.] t AZ'YME, n. Unleavened bread. AZ'Y-MlTE, 71. In church history, Azymites are Christiana who adramister the eucharist with unleavened bread. AZ'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. a and ^vpr].] Unleavened ; unfer- mented ; as sea-biscuit. B. Bis the second letter, and the first articulation, or conso- nant, in the English, as in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and most other alphabets. It is a wute and a labial, be- ing formed by pressing the whole length of the lips to- gether, as in pronouncing eb. The Greek B is always pro- nounced like the English V, and the Russian B corre- sponds with the Greek. BAA, (ba) n. Tlie cry or appropriate bleating of sheep. BAA, V. i. To cry or bleat as sheep. BA'AL, 71. An idol among the ancient Chaldeans and Syri- ans, representing the sun. BAB'BLE, v.i. [D. babbelen.] 1. To utter words imper- fectly or indistinctly, as children. 2. To talk idly or irra- tionally ; to talk thoughtlessly. 3. To talk much ; to prate ; hence, to tell secrets. Shak. 4. To utter sounds frequently, incessantly, or indistinctly. BAB'BLE, V. t. To prate ; to utter. BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk ; senseless prattle. Shak. BAB'BLE-RIENT, v. Idle talk ; senseless prate ; unmean- ing words. Milton. BABBLER, n. An idle talker ; an irrational prattler ; a teller of secrets. BABBLING, ppr. I. Talking idly ; telling secrets. 2. Uttering a succession of murmuring sounds. 3. In hunt- ing, babbling is when the hounds are too busy after they have found a good scent. BAB'BLING, n. Foolish talk. 1 Tim. vj. BABE, 7i. [Ger. bube ; Ir. baban.] An infant; a young child of either sex. B^ 'BEL, n. [Heb.] Confusion ; disorder. BA'BE-RY, n. Finery to please a child. Sidney. Ba'BISH, a. Like a babe ; childish. Ascham. BA'BmU-hY,adv. ChUdLshly. BAB-oON', 71. [Fr. babouin.] A monkey of the largest spe cies. BA'BY, a. Like a young child ; pertainmc to an infant. Ba'BY, n. I. An infant or young child ot either sex ; a babe ; [used in familiar language.] 2. A small image m form of an infant, for girls to play with ; a doll. BA'BY, tj. f. To treat like a young child. Young. BA'BY-HOOD, n. The state of being a baby. Ash. BA'BY-HOUSE, n. A place for children's dolls and babies. BA'BY-ISH, a. Childish. Bale. BAB-Y-Lo'NI-AN, or BAB-Y-LO'NISH, a. 1. Pertaining to Babylon. 2. Like the language of Babel ; mixed ; con- fused. BAB-Y-Lf^NT-AN, n. An inhabitant of Babylonia.— In an- cient writers, an astrologer. See Synopsis A, E, I, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, Fi^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete BAG 67 BAD BAB-Y-LON'ie ? 2. ]. Pertaining to Babylon, or made BAB-Y-LON'I-€AL ) there. 2. Tumultuous ; disorderly. BAB-Y-LOiX'I€S, 7i ylu. Tlie title of a fragment of the his- tory of the world, composed by Berosus, a priest of Baby- lon BAB-Y-ROUS'SA, n. In zoology, the Indian hog, a native uf Celebes and of Buero. f BA'BY-SHIP, n. Infancy; childhood. BA€, or BA€K, n. [D. bak, a bowl or cistern.] I. In navi- gation, a ferry-boat or praam. — 2. In breicing, a large flat tub, or vessel, in whicli wort is cooled belbre boiling ; hence called a cooler. — 3. In distilleries, a vessel uito which the liquor to be fermented is pumped, from the cooler, in order to be worked with the yeast. BAG'CA, n. [L.J In botany, a berry. BA€-eA.-LAU'ilE-ATE, n. The degree of bachelor of arts. BA€'eA-TED, a. [L. baccatus.] Set or adorned with pearls ; having many berries. [Little used.] BAtJ €HA-NAL, or BA€-€HA-Na'LI-AN, n. [from Bac- chus, Gr. BaK^os.l One who indulges in drunken revels ; a drunkard. BA€ €HA-NAL, ) a Reveling in intemperate drink- BA€-€HA-Na'LI-AN, \ ing ; riotous ; noisy. BA€-€HA-Na'LJ- \N, a. Pertaining to reveluig and drunk- enness BAe'CHA-NALS, n. plu. Drunken feasts ; the revels of bacclianalians. — In antiquity, feasts in honor of Bacchus, BAC'CHANTE, \ "' ^^ ^'^° ^'^""^^ ^^^ Bacchus. BA€'eHI-€AL,' or BA€'€HI€, a. 1. Jovial ; drunken ; mad with intoxication. 2. Relating to Bacchus, the god of wine. BA€'€H1-US, n. In ancient poetry, a foot composed of a short syllable and two long ones. BA€'€H US-BOLE, n. A flower. J.Tortimer. BA€-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. baccifer.] That produces berries. BA€-CIV'0R-0U^t5, a. [L. bac^a and voro.] Eating or sub- sisting on berries. BACH'E-LOR, ?t. [Ft. bachelier ; Sp. bachiller.] 1. A man who has not been married. 2. A person who has taken the first degree in the liberal arts and sciences. 3. A knight of the lowest order, or, more correctly, a young knight, styled a knia-ht bachelor. BACH'E-LOR-SHIP, H. 1. The state of being a bachelor. 2. The state of one who has taken his first degree in a college or university. BA€K. n-. [Sax. bac, bcec] 1. The upper part of an aniical, particularly of a quadruped, whose back is a ridge.— In human beings, the hinder part of the body. 2. The out- ward or convex part of the hand, opposed to the inner, concave part, or palm. 3. As the back of man is the part on tlie side opposite to the face, hence, the part opposed to the front ; as, the back of a book. 4. The part opposite te or most remote from that which fronts the speaker or actor. 5. As the back is the strongest part of an animal, and as the back is behind in motion, hence, the thick and strong part of a cutting tool ; as, the back of a knife. 6. The place behind or nearest the back.— 7. To turn the back on one, is to forsake him. 8 To turn the back to one, to acknowledge to be superior. 9. To turn the back, is to depart, or to leave the care or cognizance of; to remove, or be absent. 10. Behind the back, is in secret, or when one is absent. 11. To cast behind the back, in Scripture, is to forget and forgive, or to treat with contempt. 12. To plow the back, is to oppress and persecute. 13. To bow the back, is to submit to oppression. BA€K, adv. 1. To the place from which one came. 2. In ajitrurative sense, to a former state, condition, or station. 3. Behind ; not advancing ; not coming or bringing for- ward ; as, to keep back a part. 4. Towards times or things past. 5. Again ; in return. 6. To go or come back, is to return, either to a former place or state. 7. To ao or fflve back, is to retreat, to recede. BA€K, f . t. 1. To mount ; to get upon the back ; some- times, perhaps, to place upon the back. 2. To support , to maintain ; to second or strengthen by aid. 3. To put backward ; to cause to retreat or recede. 4. To bark a warrant, is for a justice of the peace in the county where the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a war- rant, issued in another county, to apprehend an oflTender. BACK, V. i. To move or go back ;-as, the horse refuses to back. BACK'BTTE, v. t. To censure, slander, reproach, or speak evil of the absent. BA€K'Bi-TER, n. One who slanders, calumniates, or speaks ill of the absent. BA€K Br-TIXG, n. The act of slandering the absent ; se- cret calumnv. 2 Cor. xii. BA€K Bl-TING-LY, adu. With secret slander. Barret. BA€K Board, n. a board placed across the after part of a boat. BACK BoNE, n The b( ne of the hack ; or the spine. BA€K€AR-RY, n. A having on the back. BA€K DoOR, n. A door en the back part of a building a private passage ; an indirect way. BAOK'ED, (bakt) pp. Moimted ; having on the back j sup- ported by aid ; seconded ; moved backward. BA€K'ED, a. Having a back ; a word used in comdosI- tion. BACK'END, 71. The latter part of the year. .N-orih of Eng- land. BACKFRIEND, (bak'frend) n> A secret enemy South. BA€K-GAM'MOA", n. [W. bac and cammaun.] A game played by two persons, upon a table, with box and dice. BACK'GROUXD, n. 1. Ground in the rear, or behind, as opposed to the front. 2. A place of obscurity, or shade ; a situation little seen or noticed. BACK HANB-ED, a. With the hand turned backward. BA€K'HAND-ED, adv. With the hand directed backwai.i. BACK'HOUSE, ?i. A building behind the main or front buJding. BACK'ING, ppr. Mounting ; moving back, as a horse ; sec- onding. BA€K'PAINT-IXG, n. The method of painting mexzotinto prints, pasted on glass of a size to fit the print. BA€K'PI£CE, 71. The piece of armor which covers the back. BACK'RE-TURN, n. Repeated return. Shak. BACK'ROOM, n. A room behind the front room, or in the back part of the house. BACKS, n. Among dealers in leather, the thickest and best tanned hides. BACK-SET, a. Set upon in the rear. BACK SIDE, n. 1. The back part of any thing ; the part behind that which is presented to the face of a spectator. 2. The hind part of an animal. 3. The yard, ground, or place behind a house. * BACK-SLlDE', v.i. To fall off; to apostatize; to turn graduallvfrom the faith and practice of Christianitv *BA€K-SLlD ER, ?;. 1. An apostate ; one who falls from the faith and practice of religion. 2. One who neglects his vows of obedience, and falls into sin. * B ACK-SLlD'ING, n. The act of apostatizing from faith or practice ; a falling msensibly from religion into sin or idolatry. Jer. v. 6. BACK STAFF, n. A quadrant; an instrument for taking the sun's altitude at sea ; called also, from its inventor, D avisos quadrant BACK'STAIRS, n. Stairs in the back part of a house ; pri- vate stairs ; and, figuratively, a private, or indirect way BACK'STAYS, n. Long ropes or stays extending from the topmast lieads to both sides of a ship, to assist the shrouds in supporting the mast. BACK STOXE, ?(. The heated stone, or iron, on which oat-cake is baked. JSi'orth of England. BACKSWORD, n. A sword with one sharp edge.— In England, a stick with a basket handle, used in rustic amusements. BACK WARD, or BACK Vr.ARDS, adv. 1. With the back in advance. 2. Toward the back. 3. On the back, or with the back downwards. 4. Toward jnst times or events. 5. By way of reflection ; reflexively . C. From a better to a worse state. 7. In time past. 8. Perverse- ly ; from a wrong end. 9. Towords the beginning ; in an order contrary to the natural order. 10. Contrarily ; in a contrary manner. BACK'^VARD, a. 1. Unwilling ; averse ; reluctant ; hesi- tating. 2. Slow ; shiETgish ; dilatory. 3. Dull : not quick of apprehension ; beiund in progress. 4. Late ; behind -in time ; coming after something else, or after the usual time. BACK' WARD, v. t. To keep back ; to hinder. t BACK WARD, n. The things or state behind or past. BACK WARD-LY, adv. Unwillingly ; reluctantly ; averse- Iv ; perverselv. - BACK'WARD-NESS, ??. 1. Unwillingness; reluctance; dilatoriness, or dullness in action. 2. A. state of being behind in progress ; slowness ; tardiness. BACK-WOODS MAN, ri. (Used mostly in the plural.) A term applied to the people who inhabit the i-ewl) settled territory west of the Alleghany mountains. BACK ^V6RM, n. A small worm, in a thin skin, in the reins of a hawk. BACKWOUND, r. t. To wound behind the back Shak. BACON, (ba'kn) n. [W . haccun.] Eog's flesh, salted, or pickled and dried, usually in smoke. — To save onc''s ba- con, is to preserve one's self from harm. BAC'LLE, ,(. [Fr. basntle.] In f>rtificatio7i, a. kind cf port- cullis or gate, made like a pit-fall. BAC'U-LTTE, N. [L.. baculus.] A genus of fossil shells. BAC-U-LOM E-TRY, v. [L. bacuUs, and Gr. ixcToov.] The act of measurmg distance or altitude by a staif or staves. BAD, a. Ill ; evil ; opposed to good ; a word of general use, denotmg pliysical defects and moral faults in men and thines ; whatever is injurious, hi;rtful, inconvenient, nnl-iwful, or immoral ; whatever is ofl'dnsive, painful, or unfavorable ; or what is defective. ' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE •,— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH a3 in tbis. f Obsolete BAl 68 BAL BAD, BADE. The past tense of WtZ. See Bid. BAD6E, n. 1. A mark, sign, token, or thing, by which a person is distinguished. 2. The mark or token of any thing. 3. An ornament on ships, near the stern, deco- rated with tigures. BADGE, V. t. To mark, or distinguish with a badge. BADGE'LESS, a. Having no badge. Bp. Hall. BAD6 ER, n. In laic, a person who is licensed to buy corn in one place and sell it in another, without incurring the penalties of engrossing. BADg'ER, n. A quadruped of the genus ursus. — The Amer- ican badge)- is called the ground hog. BAD6 ER. V. t. To confound. BADGER-LEGGED, a. Having legs like a badger. BAD-I-A'GA, n. A small spunge in Russia. BAD'I-ANE, or BAN'DI-AN, n. The seed of a tree in China, which smells like anise seeds. BAD-I-GE'ON, n. A mixture of plaster and free stone, ground together and sifted. BAD'IN-AGE, ) n. [Er.l Light or playful discourse. Ches- BA-DIN'E-RIE, S tcrfieid. BAD'LY, adxi. In a bad manner ; not well ; unskilfully ; grievously ; unfortunately ; imperfectly. BADNESS, 71. The state of being bad, evil ; vicious or de- praved ; want of good qualities. BAF'FE-TAS, BAF'TAS, or BAS TAS, n. An India cloth, or plain muslin. That of Surat is said to be the best. BAFFLE, v. t. [Fr. befler.] To mock or elude by artifice ; to el'-.Je by shifts and turns ; hence, to defeat or con- fou:id. Bj*.i''FLE, V. i. To practice deceit. Barrow. ^AF'FLE, 71. A defeat by artifice, shifts and turns. BAF'FLED, pp. Eluded ; defeated ; confounded. BAF'FLER, n. One that baffles. BAF'FLING, ppr. Eluding by shifts and turns, or by strat- agem ; defeating 5 confounding. BAG, n. [Norm, bage.] 1. A sack ; a pouch, usually of cloth or leather, used to hold, preserve, or convey corn and other commodities. 2. A sack in animal bodies containing some fluid, or other substance. 3. Formerly, a sort of silken purse tied to the hair. 4. In commerce, a certain quantity of a commodity, such as it is customary to carry to market in a sack ; as a bag of pepper. BAG, V. t. 1. To put into a bag. 2. To load with bags. BAG, V. i. To swell like a full bag, as sails when filled with wind. BAG-A-TELLE', (bag-a-tel') «. [Fr.] A trifle ; a thing of no importance. BAGGAGE, 71. [Fr. bagage.] 1. The tents, clothing, uten- sils, and other necessaries of an army. 2. The clothing and other conveniences, which a traveler carries with him on a journey. [The English now call this Zwo-gaife.] BAG'GAGE, n. [Fr. bagasse.] A low, worthless woman 5 a strumpet. BAG'GING, ppr. Swelling ; becoming protuberant. BAG'GING, 71. The cloth or materials for bags. U. States. Edwards^ W. Indies. BAGN'IO, (ban yo) n. [It. bagno ; Sp. bano.] 1. A bath ; a house for bathing, cupping, sweating, and otherwise cleanjing the body. 2. A brothel. BAG'PiPE, n. A musical wind instrument, used chiefly in Scotland and Ireland. It consists of a leathern bag, which receives the air by a tube, which is stopped by a valve ; and pipes, into which the air is pressed by the per- former. . BAG'Pl-PER, 71. One who plays on a bag-pipe. BAG'RE, 71. A small bearded fish, a species of siZmt-ms. BAG'REEF, n. A fourth and lower reef used in the British navy. BA-GUET', (ba-gef) n. [Fr. baguette.] In architecture, a little round molding, less than an astragal. BAR'RE ' ( "' Weights used in the East Indies. Encyc. fBAIGNE, V t. [Fr. 6aio-7ier.] To soak or drench. BaI'KAL-iTE, n. A mineral. BAIL, V. t. [Fr. and Norm, bailler.] 1. Tosetfree, deliver, or liberate, from arrest and imprisonment. 2. To deliv- er goods in trust, upon a contract. 3. To free from wa- ter, as to bail a boat. This word is improperly written bale. BAIL, 71. 1. The person or persons who procure the release of a prisoner from custody, by becoming surety for his appearance in court. 2. The security given for the release of a prisoner from custody. 3. The handle of a kettle or other vessel. 4. In England, a certain limit within a for- est. BaIL'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be set free upon bond with sureties ; that may be admitted to bail. 2. That admits of bail. BaIL'BOND, n. Abend or obligation given by a prisoner and his surety. Bailed, pp. l. Released from custody on bonds for ap- pearance in court. 2. Delivered in trust, to be carried and deposited, re-delivered, or otherwise accounted for. 3. Freed from water, as a boat. BaI'LEE, 71. The person to whom goods are committed in trust. BaIL'ER, or BaIL'OR, n. One who delivers goods to an- other in trust. BaIL'IFF, ) 71. [Fr. baillif.] In England, an officer ap- BaIL'IF, \ pointed by the sheriff, who is the king's bailiflf. BaIL'I-WICK, 71. [Scot, bailli, and Sax. wic.] The precincts in which a bailiff has jurisdiction ; the limits of a bailiff's authority. BaIL'MENT, 71. A delivery of goods in trust, upon a con- tract. BaIL'PIeCE, n. A slip of parchment, or paper, containing a recognizance of bail above, or bail to the action. t BAIL Y, n. The office or jurisdiction of a bailiff. Wickliff. jBAIN, 71. [Fr. bain.] A bath. Hakewill. t BANE, V. t. To bathe. Tuberville. BaIRN, or BARN, n. [Sax. beam ; Scot, bairn.] A child Little used in English. BAIT, n. [Sax. batan.] 1. Any substance for food, used to catch fish, or other animals. 2. A portion of food and drink, or a refreshment taken on a jomney. 3. An allure ment ; enticement ; temptation. BAIT, V. t. 1. To put meat on a hook or line, or in an in- closure, or among snares, to allure fish, fowls and other animals into human power. 2. To give a portion of food and drink to man or beast upon the road. BAIT, V. i. To take a portion of food and drink for refresh- ment on a journey. BAIT, V. t. [Goth, beitan.] I. To provoke and harass by dogs ; to harass by the help of others. 2. To attack with violence •, to harass in the manner of small ani- mals. BAIT, V. i. To clap the wings ; to flutter as if to fly ; or to hover. BAIT, n. White bait, a small fish of the Thames. BaIT'ED, pp. 1. Furnished with bait 5 allured ; tempted. 2. Fed, or refreshed, on the road. 3. Harassed by dogs or other small animals ; attacked. BAIT'ING, ppr. 1. Furnishing with bait ; tempting 5 allur- ing. 2. Feeding ; refreshing at an inn. 3. Harassing with dogs •, attacking. BAIZE, n. [Sp. bausan.] A coarse, woolen stuff, with a long nap. BAKE, V. t. [Sax. bacan.] 1. To heat, dry, and harden, as in an oven or furnace, or under coals of fire ; to dress and prepare for food, in a close place ; heated. 2. To dry and harden by heat, either in an oven, kiln, or furnace, or by the solar rays. BAKE, V. i. 1. To do the work of baking. 2. To be baked j to dry and harden in heat. BaKED, pp. Dried and hardened by heat ; dressed in heat. BaKE'HOUSE, n. A house or building for baking. BaKE'MEATS, 71. Meats prepared for food in an oven. BaK'EN, (bakn) pp. The same as baked, and nearly obso- lete. BaK'ER, n. One whose occupation is to bake bread, bis- cuit, &c. BAK'ER-FOOT, n. An ill-shaped or distorted foot. Tay- lor. BAK'ER-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs, or legs that bend inward at the knees. BAK'ER-Y, n. 1 . The trade of a baker. 2. A place occu- pied with the business of baking bread, &c. BaK'ING, ppr. Drying and hardening in heat j dressing or cooking in a close place, or in heat. BaK'ING, n. The quantity baked at once ; as a of bread. BAL'AN, n. A fish of a beautiful yellow. BAL'ANCE, 71. [Fr. balance; Sp. balanza.] 1. A pair ol scales, for weighing commodities. 2. One of the simple powers in mechanics. 3. Figuratively, an impartial state of the mind, in deliberating, 4. As balance signifies equal weight, or equality, it is used for the weight or sum necessary to make two unequal weights or sums equal. 5. Balance of trade is an equal exportation of domestic pro- ductions, and importation of foreign. 6. Equipoise, or an equal state of power between nations ; as, the " balance of power." 7. Equipoise, or an equal state of the pas- sions. 8. That which renders weight or authority equal. 9. The part of a clock or watch which regulates the beats. — 10. In astronomy, a sign in the zodiac, called, in Latin, Libra. — The hydrostatic balance is an instrument to determine the specific gravity of fluid and solid bodies The assay balance is one which is used in docimastic op- erations, to determine the weight of minute bodies. BAL'ANCE, V. t. 1. To adjust the weights in the scales of a balance, so as to bring them to an equipoise. 2. To weigh reasons •, to compare, by estimating the relative force, importance, or value of different things. 3. To regulate different powers, so as to keep them in a state of jist oro- portion. 4. To counterpoise ; to make of equal weigntor force ; to make equipollent ; to support the centre of grav ity. 5. To settle and adjust, as aa account * See Synopsis. A, E, I o, tJ, "?, long —FAR. FALL, WHAT j— PRfiY ;~PiN, IMAP.iNE, Eilll) : ]' Giii'Olcta BAL BAL BAIi'ANCE, v.i. 1. T« have on each side equal weight ; to fce on a poise 2. To hesitate ; to fluctuate between mo- tives which appear of equal force. BAL'ANCEU, pp. Charged with equal weights ; standing on an equipoise ; regulated so as to be equal ; settled ; adjusted ; made equal in weight or amount. BAL'AlNCE-FlSH, n The zygoma, or marteau. BAL'AN-CER, 11. L The person who weighs, or who uses a balance 2. A member of an insect useful in balancing the body. 3. One skilled in balancing. BAL'ANCE-REEF, n. A reef band that crosses a sail di- agonally, used to contract it in a storm. BAL'AW-CING, ppr. Charging with equal weights ; being in a state of equipoise ; bringing to a state of equality ; regulating respective forces or sums to make them equal ; settling ; adjusting j paying a difference of accounts ; hes- itating. BAL'AN-CING, 71. Equilibrium ; poise. Spenser BAL'A-NlTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus balanus. BAL' ASS, or BAL' AS, n. [Sp. balax ; Fr. balais.] A va- riety of spinel ruby. BA-LALTS'TINE, n. The wild pomegranate-tree. BAL-iJu'CIN-ATE, ) v. i. [L. balbutic] To stammer in BAL-Bfj'TlATE, \ speaking. Diet. *BAL'€0-Nf ED, a. Having balconies. R. JSTorth. *BAL'eO-NY, n. [Fr. balcon ; It. halcone.'] In architec- ture, a frame of wood, iron or stone, in front of a house or other building. BALD, (bawid) a. [Sp. baldio.J 1. Destitute of hair, es- pecially on the top and back of the head. 2. Destitute of the natural covering. 3. Without feathers on the head. 4. Destitute of troes on the top. 5. Unadorned ; inelegant. 6. Mean ; naked j base ; without dignity or value. S/iak. 7. In popular language, open, bold, audacious. 8. With- out beard or awn. BALD'A-€HIN, ) n. [It. baldaccliino ; Sp. baldaquin o."] In BALD'A-CIUIN, \ architecture, a building in form of a can- opy, supported by columns, and often used as a covering to insulated altars. BALD'M6N-Y, n. The same with gentian. BALD'ER-DASH, n. Mean, senseless prate; a jargon of words ; ribaldry ; any thing jumbled together without judgment. BALD'ER-DASH, v. t. To mix or adulterate liquors. BALD'LY, adv. Nakedly ; meanly •, inelegantly ; openly. BALD'NESS, n. Want of hair on the top and back of the head ; loss of hair ; meanness or inelegance of writing ; want of ornament. BALD'PATE, n. A pate without hair. BALD'PA-TED, a. Destitute of hair ; shorn of hair. BALD'RICK, n. [L. balteus, and rick.] 1. A girdle, or richly ornamented belt ; a war girdle. 2. The zodiac, BALE, n. [Fr. balle ; Ger. ballen.] 1. A bundle or pack- age of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for carriage or transportation. 2. Formerly, a pair of dice. BALE, V. t. To make up in a bale. t BALE, n. [^ax. beal, bealo.] Misery ; calamity. BAL-E-AR'I€, a. Pertaining to the isles of Majorca and Minorca. BaLE'FUL, a. I. Woeful ; sad ; sorrowful ; full of grief ; producing misery. 2. Mischievous ; destructive ; perni- cious ; calamitous ; deadly. BaLE'F(JL-LY, adv. Sorrowfully; perniciously; in a calamitous manner. BA-LIS'TER, n. [L. balista.] A cross bow. BA-LIZE', n. [Fr. balise.] A sea-mark ; a pole raised on a bank. BALK, (bawk) n. [Sax. bale ; W. bale] 1. A ridge of land, left unplowed, between furrows, or at the end of a field. 2. A great beam, or rafter. [G. balken ; D. balk.] 3. Any thing left untouched, like a ridge in plowing. 4. A frustration ; disappointment. BALK, (bawk) v. t. 1. To disappoint ; to frustrate. 2. To leave untouched ; to miss or omit. 3. To pile, as in a heap or ridge. 4. To turn aside ; to talk beside one'; mean rows, as in American husbandry. 2. Frustrated ; disap- pointed. BALK'ER, (bawk'er) n. One who balks. BAliK'ING, ppr. Plowing in ridges ; frustrating. BALL, n. [G. ball ; I), bal ; Sw. ball.] 1. A round body ; a spherical substance. 2. A bullet. 3. A printer's ball, consisting of hair or wool, covered with leatlier, and used »X) put ink on the types in the forms. 4. The globe or earth, from its figure. 5. A globe borne as an ensign of author- ity. 6. Any part of the body that is round or protuberant ; as, the eye ball. 7. The weight at the bottom of a pendulum. BALL, 71. [Fr. bal ; It. ballo.] An entertainment of dancing. BALL, V. i. To form into a ball, as snow on horses' hoofs. BAL'LAD, 71. [It. ballata.] A song ; originally, a solemn song of praise ; but now a meaner kind of popular song. BAL'LAD, V. i. To make or sing ballads. Shak. \ BAL'LAD, V. i. To write ballads. meaning. [Obs.] Spenser. 5. To plow, leaving balks. ft.LK'ED, (bawkt) pp. 1. Plowed in ridges between fur- BAL'LAD-ER, n. A writer of ballads. Overbury. BAL'LAD-MA'KER, n. A maker or composer of oallads BAL'LAD-MoNG'ER, n. A dealer in writing ballads. BAL'LAD-RF, n. The subject or style of ballads. BAL'LAD-SIWG'ER, n. One whose employment is to sing ballads. BAL'LAD-ST1?LE, n. The air or manner of a ballad. BAL'LAD-TirNE, n. The tune of a ballad. Warton. BAL'LAD-WRiT'ER, n. A composer of ballads. jBAL'LA-RAG, v. t. To bully ; to threaten. Warton BAL'LAST, n. [Sax. bat, with last.] 1. Heavy matter, as stone, sand or iron, laid on the bottom of a ship or other vessel, to sink it in the water, to such a depth as to ena- ble it to carry sufficient sail without oversetting. 2. Figuratively, that which is used to make a thing steady. BAt'LAST, V. t. 1. To place heavy substances on the bot- tom of a ship or vessel, to keep it from oversetting. 2, To keep any thing steady, by counterbalancing its force BAL'LAST-ED, ;;p. Furnished with ballast ; kept steady by a counterpoising force. BAL'LAST-IMG, ppr. Furnishing with ballast; keeping steady. BAL'LAST-ING, n. Ballast; that which is used for ballast BAL'LA-TED, a. Sung in a ballad. [Little used.] BAL-LA-TOON'', n. A heavy luggage boat employed on the rivers about the Caspian lake. BAL'-LA-TRY, n. A song ; a jig. Milton. BAL'LET, n. [Fr. ballet.] 1. A kind of dance ; an in- terlude ; a comic dance, consisting of a series of severa. airs, with different movements, representing some subject or action. 2. A kind of dramatic poem, representing some fabulous action or subject, BAL'LI-AGE, or, more correctly, Idilage, n. [Ir. baile.] A small duty paid to the city of London by aliens, and even by denizens, for certain commodities exported by tliem. BAL'LIARDS. See Billiards. BAL'LIS-TER. See Balustek. BAL-LIS'Tie, a. [L. balista.] Pertaining to the balista^ or to the art of shooting darts. BAL-LIS'TI€S, n. The science or art of throwing missive weapons, by the use of an engine. BAL-LOON', 71. [Fr. ballon.] 1. In general, any spherical, hollow body. — 2. In chemistry, a round vessel with a short neck, to receive whatever is distilled ; a glass re- ceiver, of a spherical form. — 3. In architecture, a ball or globe, on the top of a pillar.— 4. In fireworks, a ball of pasteboard, or kind of bomb, stuffed with combustibles, to be played off, when fired, either in the air, or in water, which, bursting like a bomb, exhibits sparks of fire like stars. 5. A game, somewhat resembling tennis, played in an open field, with a large ball of leather, inflated with wind. 6. A bag or hollow vessel, made of silk or other light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so as to rise and float in the atmosphere ; called, for dis- tinction, an air-balloon. BALLOON', or BAL'LO-EN, n. A state barge of Siam, made of a single piece of timber. BAL'LOT, n. [Fr. ballutte.] 1, A ball used in voting. 2. A ticket, or written vote, being given in lieu of a ballot, is now called by the same name. 3. The act of voting by balls or tickets. BAL'LOT, 7). i. 1. To vote by ballot. 2. To vote by writ- ten papers or tickets. BAL'LO-TADE, or BAL'0-TADE, n. In the menage, a leap of a horse between two pillars, or upon a straightline, so that when his fore feet are in the air, he shows nothing but the shoes of his hind feet, without jerking out. BAL-LO-Ta'TION, n. A voting by ballot. [Little used.] BAL'LOT-BOX, 71. A box for receiving ballots. BALM, (bam) n. [Fr baume.] 1. The sap or juice of trees or shrubs remarkably odoriferous or aromatic, 2. Any fragrant or valuable ointment. Shak. 3, Any thing which heals, or which soothes or mitigates pain, — 4, In botany, the name of several aromatic plants, particularly of the genus 7nelissa. Balm of Qilead. A plant of the genus amyris. Its leaves yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent ; and from this plant is obtained the balm of Oilead of the shops, or balsam of Mecca or of Syria, BALM, V. t. 1, To anoint with balm. 2. To soothe ; to mitigate ; to assuage BALM'Y, (bam'e) a. 1, Having the qualities of balm , aromatic. 2. Producing balm, 3. Soothing ; soft ; mild 4, Fragrant ; odoriferous, 5, Mitigating ; easing ; assuaging. BAL NE-AL, a. [L, balneum.] Pertaining to a bath. BAL'NE-A-RY, n. [L, balnearium.] A bathing room Broicn . BAL-NE-A'TION, n. The act of bathing, JBrowTi, BAL'NE-A-TO-RY, a. Belonging to a bath or stove. BAL'NE-UM, 71. [L,] Used in chemistry, for a vessel BAL'SAM, 71, [Gr. ^aXaayiOv.] An oily, aromatic, resirious substance, flowing spontaneously, or by incision, from certain plants. Balsam apple. An annual Indian plant. * See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— Bl^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete BAN 70 BAN Balsam tree. A name given to a genus of plants. halsam of Sulphur is a solution of sulphur in oil. balsam of Pent. The produce of a tree in Peru. t BAL SAM, V. t. To render balsamic ; to soften. BA'L-teAM/'\.'TJON, n. The act of rendering balsamic. i:.AL,-SAM''e, or BAL-SAM i€-AL, a. Having tlie qualities of bitJsani ; stimulating j unctuous ; soft ; mitigating ; mild. I!AL-bA.i ff , n. A warm, stimulating, demulcent medi- cine, of a t>nooth and oily consistence. iJAL JSA-Ml\£, 71. Touch-me-not, or impatiens, a genus of 'plants. DALteAM-Sl'/EAT-ING, a. Yielding balsam. LXi^T'ie, 11. The sea which separates Norway and Swe- den fiv^m Ju land, Holslein and Germany. BALT'l€, a Pertaining to tlie sea of that name ; situated oil the Baltic sea. BAL'US-TER, n. [It. balaustro; Sp. balaustre ; Fr. balustre.] 'I'his is corrupted into banister. A small column or pilas- ter, of various forms and dimensions, used for balustrades. BAij Ut-TERED, a. Having balusters. Soames. BAL'tJfe-TltADK, n. [tep. balaustrado ; It. balaustrata ; Fr. balustrade.] A row of balusters, joined by a rail, serving as a fence or inclosure, for altars, balconies, stair- cases, terraces, tops of buildings, &c. BAii, or BEAM, as an initial syllable in names of places, signifies wood ; implying that the place took its name from a grove, or forest. Ger. bauvi, a tree. BAM'liOO, ?(. A plant of the reed kind, or genus arundo, growing in the East Indies. BAAt-BOO ZLE, V. t. To confound ; to deceive ; to play low tricks, [ji low word.] BAM-BOO ZLER, n. A cheat ; one who plays low tricks. BAA^, ?i. [Sax. bannan, abannan.] 1. A public proclama- tion or edict ; a public order or notice, mandatory or pro- hibitory. 2. Notice of a marriage proposed, or of a mat- rimonial contract, proclaimed in a church. 3. An edict of interdiction or proscription. Hence, to put a prince under tJie ban of the empire, is to divest Jiim of his dignities. 4. Interdiction ; prohibition. Milton. 5. Curse •, excommu- nication ; anathema. Raleigh. 6. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban. 7. A mulct paid to the bishop by one guilty of sacrilege and other crimes. 8. In military affairs, a proclamation by beat of drum, requiring a strict observance of disci- pline, either for declaring a new officer, or for punishing an offender. — 9. In commerce, a smooth, fine muslin, im- ported from the East Indies. !>A-V, V. t. To curse ; to execrate. Shak. Knolles. biA, V. i. To curse. Spenser. , ■• i;A-NA NA, n. A species of the genus musa, or plantain- tree, and its fruit. !?AND, n. [Sax. banda ; Sw. band.] 1. A fillet ; a cord ; a tie ; a chain ; any narrow ligament wUh which a thing is hound, tied or fastened, or by which a number of things are confined together. — 2. In arcliitecture, any flat, low member or molding, broad, but not deep, called also fascia, ate or plinth. 3. Figuratively, any chain; any means of restraint ; that which draws or confines. 4. IMeans of union or connection between persons. 5. Any thing b.)und round or encircling another. 6. Something worn ;iboiU the neck. 7. A company of soldiers ; the body of men united under one flag or ensign. Also, indefnitely, a troop, a body of armed men. 8. A company of persons united in any common design. 9. A slip of canvas, sewed across a sail to strengthen it. — The bands of a sad- dle are two pieces of iron iiailed upon the bows, to hold them in their proper situation. Johnson. BAND, v.t. 1. To bind together-, to bind over with a band. 2. To unite in a troop, company or confederacy. BAND, V. i. To unite ; to associate ; to confederate for some common purpose. BArxiDAGE, ?(. [Fr.] 1. A fillet, roller, or swath, used in dressing and binding up wounds, restraining hemor- rhages, and joining fractured and dislocated bones. 2. Something resembling a bandage ; that which is bound over another. BAN-DAN'A, n. A species of silk handkerchief. BAND'BOX, n. A slight paper box for bands, caps, bonnets, muffs, or other light articles. BAND'ED, pp. Bound with a band ; united in a band. BAND'ER, n. One that bands or associates with others. BAND'F",R-£T, n. In Sicisserland, a genertil in chief of military forces. IIAND'IED, pp. Beat or tossed to and fro; agitated; con- troverted without ceremony. BAND'IiSG, ppr. Binding with a band ; uniting in a band or company. BA-N'DIT, n. ; plu. Bandits, or Banditti, (ban-dit'te) [It. oandito.] An outlaw ; also, in a general sense, a rob- ber ; a highwayman ; a lawless or desperate fellow. BAN'DLE, n. An Irish measure of two feet in length. BANDLET, I n. [Pr. bandelette.] Any little band or flat BANDE-LET, \ molding. BAN DOG, 71. A large species of dog. Shak. BAN-DO-LEERS', n. [Sp. bandolera.] A large leathern belt, thrown over the right shpulder, and hanging undei the left arm ; worn by ancienf musketeers for sustaining their fire arms, and their musket charges, which, being put into little wooden cases, and coated with leather, were hung, to the number of twelve, tc each bandoleer. tBANDON, ?t. Disposal; license. Chaucer. BANDORE, 71. [Sp. bandurria.] A musical stringed instru- ment, like a lute. BANDROL, 71. [Fi, banderole.] 1. A little flag or streamer in form of a guidon, used to be hung on the masts of ves- sels. 2. The little fringed silk flag that hangs on a trumpet. BAND'STRING, n. A string appendant to a band. BAND'Y, n. [Fr. bander.] A club for striking a ball at play BAND'Y, V. t. 1. To beat to and fro, as a ball in play 2. To exchange ; to give and receive reciprocally. 3. I'd agitate ; to toss about, as from mau to man. BAND'Y, V. i. To contend, as at some game, in which each strives to drive the ball his own way. BAND'Y-ING, ppr. Beating, impelling or tossing from one to another ; agitating in controversy without ceremony. BAND'Y-LEG, ji. A crooked leg ; a leg bending inward or outward. BAND'Y-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs. BANE, 7?. [Sax. bana.] Poison of a deadly quality ; hence any fatal cause of mischief, injury or destruction. BANE, V. t. To poison. Shak. BaNE'-BER-RY, n. A name of the herb Christopher, actaia, or aconitum racemosum. BaNE'FUL, a. Poisonous ; pernicious ; destructive. BaNE'FUL-LY, adv. Perniciously ; destructively. BaNE'FUL-NESS, n. Poisonousness ; destructiveness. BaNE'-WoRT, n. A plant, called also deadly nightshade. BANG, V. t. [Dan. banker.] 1. To beat, as with a club or cudgel ; to thump; to cudgel, [^i loic word.] 2. To beat or handle roughly ; to treat with violence. BANG, n. A blow with a club ; a heavy blow. Shak. BANG ING, a. Large ; great. Grose. BANGLE, V. t. To waste by little and little ; to squander carelessly. Johnson. *BAN'IAN, n. ]. A man's undress or morning gown, as worn by the Banians in the East Indies. 2. A Gentoo ser- vant, employed as an agent in commerce. 3. A tree in India. Milton. BAN'ISH, V. t. [Fr. bavnir.] 1. To condemn to exile, or compel to leave one's country. 2. To drive away ; to compel to depart. 3. To quit one's country voluntarily ; as, he banished himself. BAN'iSHED, pp. Compelled to leave one's country ; driven away BAN'iSH-ER, 71. One who compels another to quit his country BAN'ISH- ING, ppr. Compelling to quit one's country ; driving away. BAN'ISH -MENT, n. 1. The act of compelling a citizen to leave his country. 2. A voluntary forsaking of one's coun- try upon oath, called abjuration. 3. The state of being banished ; exile. 4. The act cf driving away or dispelling BAN'IS-TER, n. A corruption of baluster, which see. BANK, 71. 1. A mound, pile or ridge of earth, raised above the surrounding plain. 2. Any steep acclivity, whether rising from a river, a lake, or the sea, or forming the side of a ravine. 3. A bench, or a bench of rowers, in a gal- ley. 4. A collection or stock of money. 5. The place where a collection of money is deposited ; a house used for a bank. 6. A company of persons concerned in a bank. 7. An elevation, or rising ground, in the sea , called iiiso fiats, shoals, shelves or shallows. BANK, V. t. 1. To raise a mound or dike ; to inclose, de- fend or fortify with a bank. 2. To pass by the banks of. Shak. fJVot in use.] 3. To lay up or deposit money in a bank. [Little used.] BANK'A-BLE, a. Receivable at a bank, as bills ; or dis- countable, as notes. [Ofrece?it origin.] BANK-BILL, or BANK-NOTE, n. A promissory note, is- sued by a banking company. BANKED, pp. Raised in a ridge or mound of earth ; inclosed, or fortified with a bank. BANK'ER, n. 1. One who keeps a bank. 2. A vessel em ployed in the cod fishery on the banks of Newfoundland Mar. Diet. BANK'ING, p;)r Raising a mound or bank ; inclosing with a bank. BANK'ING, n. The business or employment of a banker. BANK'RUPT, n. [Fr. banquerovte.] 1, A trader who se- cretes himself, or does certain other acts tending to defraud his creditors. 2. A trader who becomes unable to pay his just debts ; an insolvent trader. BANK'RUPT, a. Having committed acts of bankruptcj'^ , unable to pay just debts ; insolvent. BANK'RUPT, V. t. To break one in trade ; to make inso] vent. BANK'RUPT-C"y , n. 1. The state of being a bankrupt, oi • See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, XJ, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WH.^T ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete BAR 71 BAR insolvent , inability to pay all debts. 2. The act of be- coming a bankrupt. BAN K a UPT-E D, pp. Rendered insolvent. BAiXKiRUPT-lIVG, ppr. Breaking in trade , rendering in- solvent. BANKRUPT-LAW, 71. A law, which, upon a bankrupt's surrendering all his property to :omraissioners for the benefit of his creditors, discharges hhn from the payment of Ills debts. BANK'RUPT-SV^S'TEM, n. A system of laws and legal proceedings in regard to Itankrupts BAiNK-STOCK, n. A share or shares in the capital stock of a bank. BANiVER, 71. [Fr. hanniere.] 1. A square flag; a military ensign , the principal standard of a prince or state. 2. A streamer borne at the end of a lance or elsewhere. — 3. In botany, tlie upper petal of a papilionaceous corol. BAN'iVERED, a. Furnished witii or bearing banners. BAiN'NER-ET, n. [Fr.] A kniglit made in the field. On the day of battle, the candidates presented their flags to the king ar general, who cut off the train or skirt, and made it square. They were then called knights- of the square flag. BANNIAN. See Banian. BAN'NE-RoL. See Bandrol. t BAN-NI"TION, n. [L. bannitus.] The act of expulsion. .^bp. Laud. BANNOCK, n. [If. boinneog.] A cake made of oatmeal or peas-meal, baked on an iron plate over the fire. BAN'OY. 7i. A species of hawk. BAN'aUET, 7i. [Fr. banquet.] A feast; a rich entertain- ment of meat and drink. BAN'aUET, V. t. To treat with a feast. BAN'Q.UET, V. i. To feast ; to regale one's self with good eating and drinking. Shak. BAN'aUET-ED, jW- Feasted ; richly entertained at the table. BAN'CIUET-ER, 7!. 1. A feaster ; one who lives delicious- ly. 2. One who makes feasts or rich entertainments. BAN'aUET-ING, ppr. 1. Feasting ; entertaining with rich fare. 2. Partaking of rich fare. BAN'aUET-ING, n. A feast ; luxurious living. BAN'aUET-ING-HOUSE, or BAN'QUET-HOUSE, n. A house where entertainments are made. BAN aUFT-ING-ROOM, n. A saloon, or spacious hall for public entertainments. BAN-aUETTE', or BAN-aUET', (ban-kef) 7i. [Fr.] In fortification, a little raised way or foot bank, running along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand to fire upon the enemy. BAN'SIIEE, or BEN'SHI, n. An Irish fairv. Todd. BAN'ST[€-KLE, 71. A small fish, called also stickle-back. BAN'TER, V. t. To play upon in words and in good liu- mor , to rally ; to joke, or jest with. BAN'TER, 71. A joking or jesting ; raillery ; wit or humor ; pleasantry. BAN'TERED, pp. Rallied ; laughed at in good humor BAN'TER-ER, 7i, One who banters, or laughs at with pleasantry. BAN'TER-ING, ppr. Joking ; laughing at with good hu- mor. BANT'LING, 77. A young child ; an infant. BAPTISM, 77. [Gr. ^aTznana.] I. The application of water to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. 2. The sufferings of Christ. 3. So much of the gospel as was preached by John the Baptist. BAP-TIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to baptism. BAP'TIST, 71. ]. One who administers baptism. This ap- pellation is appropriately given to John, the forerunner of Christ. 2. As a contraction of Anabaptist, one who denies the doctrine of infant baptism, and maintains that baptism ought to be administered only to adults by im- mersing the body in water. BAP'TIS-TER-Y, 77. [L. baptisterium.] A place where the sacrament of baptism is administered. BAP-TlS'Tr^ ) BAP-TIS'TI €'\1, [ '^' Pertaining to baptism. Bramhall. BAP-TiZE', V. t. [Gr. ^aTrri^o}.] To administer the sacra- mentof baptism to ; to christen. BAP-TiZ'ED, (bap-tizd') pp. Having received baptism ; christened. BAP-TiZ'ER, 71. One who christens, or administers bap- tism ._ BAP-TlZ'ING, ppr. Administering baptism to ; cliristen- ing. BAR, 7?. [W. bar.] 1. A piece of wood, iron or other solid matter, long in proportion to its diameter, used for various purposes, but especially for a hindrance or obstruction. 2. Any obstacle which obstructs, hinders or defends ; an obstruction ; a fortification. 3. The shore of the sea, wliich restrains its waters. 4. The railing that ijicloses the place which coimsel occupy in courts of justice ; the body of lawyers licensed in a court. 5. Figuratively, any tribunal ; as, the Z»ai of public opinion. 6. The inclosed place of a tavern, inn or coffee house, wmjre the land- lord or his servant delivers out liquors, ahJ waits upon customers ^. A bank of sand, gravel, or earth, forming a slioal at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing en- trance, or rendering it difficult. 8. A rock in the sea ; any thing by which structure is held together. 9. Any thing laid across another ; as, bars in hei-aldry, stripes in color, and the like. — JO. In the menage, the highest part of the place in a horse's mouth between the grinders and tusks. — 11. In music, bars are lines drawn perpendicu- larly across the lines of the staff, including between each two a certahi quantity of time, or number of beats 12. In lav:, a peremptory exception, sufticient to destroy the plaintifl^s action, i;^. A bar of gold or silver is an ingot, lump or wedge, from the mines, run in a mold, and unwrought. A bar of iron is a long piece, wrought in the forge, and hammered from a pig. — 14 Among p?-i«£- ers, the iron witli a wooden handle, by which the scxew of the press is turned. BAR, V. t. 1. To fasten with a bar. 2. To hinder ; to ob- struct, or prevent. 3. To prevent ; to exclude ; to hinder ; to make impracticable. 4. To prohibit ; to restrain or ex- clude by express or unplied prohibition. 5. To obstruct, prevent or hinder by any moral obstacle. 6. To except ; to exclude by exception. 7. To cross with stripes of a different color. 8. To bar a vein, in farriery, is an opera tion upon the legs of a horse, to stop malignant humors, 9. To adorn with trappings ; a contraction of barb. BARB, 71. [L. barba.] 1. Beard, or that which resembles it, or grows in the place of it. 2. The down, or jmbes, cov- ering the surface of some plants. 3. Anciently, armor for horses ; formerly, barbe or barde. 4. A common name of the Barbary pigeon. 5. A horse from Barbary, of which it seems to be a contraction. 6. The points thai stand backward in an arrow, fish-hook, or other instru- ment for piercing, intended to prevent its being extract- ed. — 7. In botany, a straight process armed with teeth pointing backward like the sting of a bee. BARB, V. t. I. To shave ; to dress the beard. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To furnish with barbs, as an arrow, fish-hook, spear, or other instrument. 3. To put armor on a horse. Milton. BaR'BA-€AN, 71. [Fr. barbacane.] 1. A fortification or outer defense to a city or castle. 2. A fortress at the end of a bridge, or at the outlet of a city, having a double wall with towers. 3. An opening in the wall of a for- tress, through which guns are leveled and fired upon an enemy. BAR-Ba'DOES-CHER'RY, 77. The malpia-hia. BAR-Ba'DOES TAR, n. A mineral fluid" of the nature of the thicker fluid bitumens. BAR-Ba RI-AN, n. [L. barbarus ; Gr. l3ap§apos.] 1. A man in his rude, savage slate ; an uncivilized person. 2. A cruel, savage, brutal man ; one destitute of pity or humanity. 3. A foreigner. BAR-Ba'R1-AN, a. 1. Belonging to savages ; rude ; uncivil- ized. 2. Cruel ; inhuman. BAR-BAR'I€, a. [L. barbaricv^.] Foreign ; imported from foreign nations. BaR'BA-RISM, 77. [L. barbarismus.] 1. A form of speech contrary to the pure idioms of any language 2. Igno- rance of arts ; want of learning. Dryden. 3. Rudeness of manners ; savagism ; incivility ; ferociousness ; a savage state of society. Spenser. 1 Brutality ; cruelty ; barbarity. BAR-BAR'I-TY, 7i. 1. The manners of a barbarian ; savage- ness ; cruelty ; ferociousness ., .nhumanity. 2. Barba- rism ; impurity of speech. BAR'BAR-iZE, v. t. To make barbarous. Burke. t BAR'BAR-lZE, n. i. To commit a barbarism. Milton. BAR'BAR-OUS, a. I. Uncivilized; savage; unlettered, untutored ; ignorant ; unacquainted with arts ; stranger to civility of manners. 2. Cruel ; ferocious ; inhuman. BAR'BAR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of a barbarian ; ignorantly ; without knowledge or arts ; contrary to the rules of speech. 2. In a savage, cruel, ferocious or inhu- man manner. BAR'BAR-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Rudeness or incivility of man- ners. 2. rmpurity of language. 3. Cruelty ; inhumanity j barbarity BAR'BA-R\ , 71 A barbary horse ; a barb. BAR'BAS-TEL, n. A bat with hairy lips. BAR'BATE, ./ a. [L. barbatus.] In botany, bearded; also BAR'BA-TED, \ gaping or ringent. BARBE In the military art, to fire in barbe, is to fire the cannon over the parapet. BAR'BE-€UE, n. In the West Indies, a hog roasted whole Lt is, with us, used for an ox, or perhaps any other animal, dressed in like manner. BAR'BE-€UE, v. t. To dress and roast a hog whole ; to roast any animal whole. BARBED, pp. 1. Furnished with armor. 2. Bearded j jagged with hooks or points. 3. Shaved or trimmed i having the beard dressed. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, UOVE ;— BULL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete. BAR 72 BAR BXR'BEL, 71. [L. barba.] 1. A fish of the genus cyprinus. 2. A knot of superfluous flesh, growing in the channels of a horse's mouth ; written also barbie, or barb. BaR'BER, 71. [Persian, barbr.] One whose occupation is to shave men, or to shave and dress hair. Shak. BaR'BER, v. t. To shave and dress hair. Shak. BARBER-em-RURGEON, ?i. One who joins the practice of surgery with tljat of a barber, a practice now unusual ; a low nractitiouer of surgery. r Bar BER-ESS, 71. A female barber, RaR'BER-MoNG'ER, n. A man who frequents the bar- bci'sshop: a fop. Shak. BaR'BER-RY , 71. [L. berberis.] A plant of the genus ber- berL-, common in hedges ; called in England pipperidge- bash, BaR'BET, n. 1. A name of a species of worms. 2. The bucco, a genus of birds. 3. A dog so called from liis long hair. BaRD, 71. [W. bardh.] ]. A poet and a singer among the ancient Celts. 2. In modern usage, a poet. Pope. BARD, 71. The trappmgs of a horse. BARD'ED, a. In heraldry, caparisoned. BAR-DSS'A-NJbTS, n. A sect of heretics, who sprung from Bardesanes. BARD'ie, a. Pertaining to bards, or to their poetry. BaRD'ISH, a. Pertainuig to bards ; written by a bard. BARD'ISM, rt. The science of bards ; the learning and maxims of bards. Owen. BARE, a. [Sax. bar, or te?-.] 1. Naked ; without cover- ing. 2. With the head uncovered, from respect. 3. Plain ; simple ; unadorned ; without the polish of refined jnaniiers. 4. Laid open to view ; detected ; no longer concealed. 5. Poor ; destitute ; indigent ; empty ; un- furnishsd. 6. Tliread-bare ; much worn. 7. Wanting clothes ; or ill-supplied with garments. BARFu, :. t. [Sax. abarian.] To strip off the covering ; to make naked. f BARE. The old preterit of bear, now bore. BaRE'BOi^E, 7t. A very lean person. BaRE'BoNED, fl. Lean, so that the bones appear, or, rath- er, so that the bones show their forms. BARED, pp. Made bare -, made naked. BaRE'FACED, a. 1. With the face uncovered ; not mask- ed. 2. Undisguised ; unreserved ; without concealment ; hence, shameless ; impudent ; audacious. BaRE^FA-CED-LY, adv. Without disguise or resen^e ; openly ; impudently. EaRE'FA-CED-NESS, n. Effrontery ; assurance ; auda- ciousness. Barefoot, a. with the feet bare ; without shoes and stockings. BARE FOOT, a. or adv. With the feet bare. BaRE'FOOT-ED, a. Having the feet bare. BaRE'GjMAWN, (bare'nawn) a. Eaten bare. Shak. BaRE'HEAD-ED, a. Having the head uncovered, either from respect or other cause. BaRE'H£AD-ED-NESS, n. The state of being bareheaded. BaRE'LEGGED, a. Having the legs bare. BaRE'LY, ot/y. Nakedly ; poorly; indigently; without decoration ; merely ; only ; without any thing more. BaRE'NECKED, a. Having the neck uncovered. BaRE'NESS, n. Nakedness ; leanness ; poverty ; indi- gence ; defect of clothes. BaREPICKED, a. Picked to the bone. Skak. BaRE'RIBBED, a. Lean. Shak. BAR'FUL. See Barrful. BaR'GAIN, (bar'gin) 71. [Fr. barguigner.] 1. An agree- ment between parties concerning the sale of pi'operty ; a contract. 2. Stipulation ; interested dealing. 3. Pur- chase, or the thing purchased. BAR'GAIN, V. i. To make a contract or agreement. BAR'GAIN, V. t. To sell ; to transfer for a consideration. BAR-GAIN-EE', ?). The party in a contract who receives or agrees to receive the property sold. BAR GAIiV-ER, n. The party in a contract who stipulates to sell and convey property to another. BARGE, (barj) n. [D. bargie.^ 1 A pleasure boat ; a ves- sel or boat of state, elegantly furnished. 2. A flat-bot- tom^ftd vessel of burden, for loading and unloading ships. BARGE'-GoUP-LES, 7!. In architecture, a beam mortised into another, to strengthen the building. BARGE'-GoURSE, n. In bricklaving, a part of the tiling wliich projects beyond the principal rafters. BARGE MAN, n. The man who manages a barge. BARG E'MAS-TER, n. The proprietor of a barge, cc goods for hire. BARG'ER, 71. The manager of a barge. BA-RIL'LA, 7t. [Sp.] 2. A plant cultivated in Spain for its ashes, from which the purept kind of mineral alkali is obtained. 2. The alkali procured from this plant, BARI-TONE. See Barytone. BAR'I-UM, 77. The metallic basis of barytes, which is an oxyA oi barium. Davy. BARK, 71. [Dan. bark.'\ 1. The rind or exterior covering of rge, conveymj a tree, correspondhig to the skin of an animal. 2. By ■way of distinction, Peruvian bark. BARK, V. t. To peel ; to strip off bark. Also, to cover or inclose with bark. BARK, or BARaUE, n. [Ir. bare ; Fr. barque.] A small ship ; but appropriately, a ship wliich carries three masts without a mizzen top-sail. BARK, V. i. [Sax. beorcan.] 1. To make the noise of dogs, when they threaten or pursue. 2. To clamor at ; to pur- sue with umeasonable clamor or reproach. BARK'-BARED, a. Stripped of the bark. Mortimer. BARK'-BOUND, a. Having the bark too firm or close, as with trees. BARKED, pp. Stripped of the bark ; peeled ; also, covered with bark. BARK'ER, n. One who barks, or clamors unreasonably ; one who strips trees of their bark. BARK'-GALLED, a. Having the bark galled, as with thorns. BARK'ING, ppr. Stripping off bark ; making the noise of dogs ; clamoring ; covering with bark. BARK'Y, a. Consisting of bark ; containing bark. Shak. BAR'LEA'^j 77. [W. barlys.] A species of gi-ain, used espe cially for making malt, from which are distilled liquors of extensive use, as beer, ale and porter. BAR LEY-BRAKE, 71, A rural play ; a trial of swiftness. BAR'LEY-BROTH, n. A low word for strong beer. BAR'LEY-€ORN, n. A gram of barley ; the third part of an inch in length ; hence originated our measures of length. EAR'LEY-MOW, 77. A mow of bailey, or the place where barley is deposited. BAR'LEY-SUGAR, (barle-shu-gar) n. Sugar boiled tUl it is brittle, formerly with a decoction of barley. BAR'LEY^-WA'TER, 71. A decoction of barley. BARM, 71. [Sax. beorm.] Yeast ; the scum rising upon beer, or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as leaven. BARM'Y, a. Containing barm, or yeast, Shak. BARN,?!. [Sa.x. ber em.] A covered building for securing grain, hay, flax, and other productions of the earth. In the JSTortherii States of Jimerica, the farmers generally use barns for stabling their horses and cattle ; so that, among them, a bam is both a cornhouse, or grange, and a stable. t BARN, V. t. To lay up in a barn. Shak. BAR']^-€LE, 71. [Port. &e'/-7taca.] 1. A shell, which is often found on the bottoms of ships, rocks, and timber, below the surface of the sea. 2. A species of goose, found in the northern seas, but visiting more southern climates in whiter. 3. In the plural, an instrument to put upon a horse's nose, to confine him, for shoeing, bleeding, or dressing. BARN'-DoOR, 71. The door of a barn. Milton. BAR'O-LlTE, n. [Gr. 0apos and \idos.] Carbonate of barytes. BA-ROM'E-TER,77. [Gr. fiapos and perpov.] An instrument for measuring the weight or pressure of the atmosphere. Its uses are to indicate changes of weather, and to deter mine the altitude of mountains. BAR-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining or relating to the ba- rometer ; made by a barometer. BAR-0-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. By means of a barometer. BAR'ON, n. [Fr. baron ; Sp. baron, or varon ; It. barcne.} 1. In Great Britain, a title or degree of nobility ; a lord ; a peer ; one who holds the rank of nobility next below that of a viscount. 2. Baron is a title of certain oflicers, as, barons of the exchequer. Barons of the Cinque Ports are members of the house of commons, elected by the seven Cinque Ports. — 3. In law, a husband ; as, baron and feme, husband and wife. BAR'ON- AGE, n. 1. The whole body of barons or peers. 2. The dignity of a baron. 3. The land which gives title to a baron. Johnson. BAR'ON-ESS, 77. A baron's wife or lady. BAR'ON-ET, 77. [Fr. ; dimin. of baron.] A dignity or degree of honor, next below a baron, and above a knight ; hav- ing precedency of all knights except those of the garter, and being the only knighthood that is hereditary. BA-Ro'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to a baron. Encyc. BAR'O-NY, 77. The lordship, honor, or fee of a baron whether spiritual or temporal. BAR'OS-€OPE, 71. [Gr. (iapoi; and cKoiredi.] An instrument to show the weight of the atmosphere ; superseded by the barometer. BAR-OS-€OPI€, a. Pertaining to, or determined by, the baroscope. BAR-O-SEL'E-NTTE, 77. [Gr. ^apoi or jSapu?, and selenite.] A mineral ; sulphate of barytes ; heavy spar. BAR'RA, n. In Portugal and Spain, a long measure for cloths. Encyc. BAR-RA-€A'i)A, n. A fish, about fifteen inches in length, of a dusky color on the back, and a white belly, with small black spots. See Synopsis. A, JZ I, O, tj, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD :— t Obsolete. BAR 73 BAS f!AR'RA-€AN, n. [It. baracane.] A thick, strong stuff, somelliiiig like cainelot ; used for clokes, &c BARRACK, n. [Sp. barraca ; Fr. baraque.] A hut or house for soldiers, especially in garrison. BAR RAt)K-ftlA.S''i'iJR, n. The oliicer who superintends llie barracks of soldiers. Swift. BAR-RA-€uDA, n. A species offish, of the pike kind. BAR'RA-TOR, 7t. [Old Fr. fiaraJ.] 1. One who frequently excites suits at law ; an encourager of litigation. 2. The master of a ship, who commits any fraud ui the manage- ment of the ship. BAR'RA-TRY, n. 1. Tlie practice of exciting and encour- aging lawsuits and quarrels. — 2. In coimnerce, any species of cheating or fraud, in a shipmaster, by which the own- ers or insurers are injured. BARRED, pp. Fastened with a bar ; hindered ; restrained ; excluded ; forbid •, striped ; checkered. BAR'ilEL, n. [W. Fr. baril ; Sp. barril.] 1. A vessel or cask, of more length than breadth, round, and bulging in the middle, made of staves and lieading, and bound with hoops. 2. The quantity wiiicli a barrel contains. 3. Any tiling hollow and long, as the barrel of a gun ; a tube. 4. A cylinder. 5. A cavity behind the tympanum of the ear is called the barrel uftlie ear. BAR'REL, V. t. To put in a barrel ; to pack in a barrel. BAli'llEL-BEL'LiED, a. Having a large belly. BAR'RELED, pp. Put or packed in a barrel. BAR RELED, a. Having a barrel or tube. BAR'REL-ING, ppr. Putting or packing in a barrel. BARREN, a. 1. Not producing young, or offspring ; ap- plied tu animals. 2. Not producing plants ; unfruitful ; steril ; not fertile ; or producing little ; unproductive. 3. Not producing the usual fruit ; applied tu trees, Si^c. 4. Not copious ; scanty. 5. Not containing useful or enter- taining ideas. 6. Unmeaning; uninventive ; dull. 7. Unproductive ; not inventive. BAR REN, n. 1. In the states west of the .Alleghany Moun- tains, a word used to denote a tract of land, rising a i'aw feet above the level of a plain, and producing trees and grass. Mwater. 2. Any unproductive tract of land. Drayton. BAR'REN-LY, adv. Unfruitflilly. BAR'REN-NESS, «. 1. The quality of not producing its kind ; want of the power of conception. 2. Unfruitful- ness ; sterility ; infertility. 3. Want of invention ; want of the power of producing any thing new. 4. Want of matter 5 scantiness. 5. Defect of emotion, sensibility, or fervency. Taylor. BARREN-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Of a poor spirit. Shall. BAR'REN-WoRT, n. A plant, constituting the genus epi- medium. BARR'FUL, a. Full of obstructions. Shah. BAR-R1-€ADE', n. [Fr. barricade.] 1. A fortification made in haste, of trees and earth, in order to obstruct the prog- ress of an enemy. 2. Any bar or obstruction ; that which defends. BAR-R1-€aDE', v.t. 1. To stop up a passage ; to obstruct. 2. To fortify with any slight work that prevents the ap- proach of an enemy. BAR-RI-Ca'DO. The same as barricade. BAR'RI-ER, M. [Yx. barrier e.] 1. In fortification, d.l&inA of fence made in a passage. Encyc. 2. A wall for defense. 3. A fortress or fortified town on th* frontier of a country. 4. Any obstruction ; any thing which confines, or which hinders approach, or attack. 5. A bar to mark the limits of a place ; any limit, or boundary ; a line of separation. BARR'ING, vpr. Making fast with a bar ; obstructing ; ex- cluding ; preventing ; prohibiting ; crossing with stripes. BARR'ING-OUT, n. Exclusion of a person from a place ; a boyish sport at Christmas. Swift. BAR'RIS-TER, n. A counselor, learned in the laws, qual- ified and admitted to plead at the bar. BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. bp.rejce.'] 1. A light, small carriage. A hand-harroto is a frame covered in the middle with boards, and borne by and between two men. A wheel- barroin is a frame with a box, supported by one wheel, and rolled by a single man. 2. A wicker case, in salt works, where the salt is put to drain. BAR'RoW, 71. [Fax. bcrcra, or beorgh.] 1. In England, a hog ; and, according to j^sh, obsolete. Barroio grease is hog's lard. — 2. In America, a male hog castrated ; award in co'rn mon use. BAR'EoW,Ti. [^^LT.. beara,ox bearewe.] In the names of places, barrow is used to signify a wood or grove. BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. beorg.] A hillock, or mound ot earth, intended as a repository of tlie dead. BAR.SE, n. An English name for the common percli. BaR'SHOT, n. Double-headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a half ball or round head at eacii end. BAR'TER,?; I. [Sp. /^amtar.] To traffick or trade, by ex- changing one commodity for another. BAR'TER, v. t. Togiveonethingforanother in commerce. BAR'TER, n. The act or practice of trafficking by exchange of commodities. BAR'TERED, pp. Given in exchange BAR'TER-ER, n One who trafficks ty exchange of rom- modities BAR'TER-ING,;.7;?-. Trafficking or trading by an exchange of commodities. t BAR'TER-Y, n. Exchange of commodities in trade. BAR-THOL'0-MEW-TIDE, n. The term near St. Barthol- omew's day. Shak. BAR'TON, ?t. [Sax.6ere-io7i.] The demain lands of a man- or ; the manor itself, and sometimes the out-houses. BAR'TRAM, n. [L. pyrethrum.] A plant ; pellitory. BAR-Y-STRON'TIAN-ITE, n. [Gr. /b'apuf, and strontian.] A mineral, called also stromnite, from Stromness, in Ork- ney^ BA-RY'TA, n. The earth of barytes in a purified state. BA-RY'TES, 71. [Gr. j8up?, heavy ; ^apvTijs, weight.] Pon derous earth ; the heaviest of earthy substances. It is an oxyd of a metallic substance called barium. BA-RYT'I€, a. Pertaining to barytes ; formed of barytes, or containing it. Kirwan. BAR'Y-TO-€AL'CITE, n. A mixture of carbonate of lime with sulphate of barytes, of a dark, or light-gray color, of various forms. BAR'Y-TONE, a. [Gr. /?aj3ii? and Tovog.] Pertaining to, or noting a grave, deep sound, or male voice. Walker. BAR'Y-TONE, n. 1. In music, a male voice, the compass of which partakes of the common base and the tenor. — 9. In Greek grammar, a verb which has no accent marked on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood. Ba'SAL, a. Pertaining to the base ; constituting the base. Say. BA-SALT', n. A dark, grayish-black mineral or stone, sometimes bluish or brownish-black, and, when withered, the surface is grayish or reddish-brown. BA-SAL'TES, n. A kind of stoi.e, of the hardness and color of iron, which is found in perpendicular blocks. BA-SALT'ie, a. Pertaining to basalt ; formed of or con- taining basalt. BA-SALT' I- FORM, a. In the form of basalt ; columnar. BA-SA.LT'INE, 7). ]. Basaltic hornblend ; a variety of com- mon hornblend, so called from its being often found in basalt. 2. A column of basalt. BAS'A-NiTE, 77. [Gr. ^aaavoi.] Lydian stone, or black jasper ; a variety of siliceous or flinty slate. BASE, a. [Fr. bas, low ; W. bas ; It. basso.] 1. Low in place. [Ofc.] Spenser. 2. Mean ; vile ; worthless ; that is loio in value or estimation ; used of things. 3. Of low station ; of mean account ; without rank, dignity, or esti- mation among men ; used of persons. 4. Of mean spirit ; disingenuous ; illiberal ; low ; without dignity of senti- ment. 5. Of little comparative value ; applied to metals 6. Deep ; grave ; applied to sounds. 7. Of illegitimate birth; born out of wedlock. Shak. 8. Not held by honor- able tenure. BASE, n. [Gr. ^aai(; ; L. basis.] 1. The bottom of any thing, considered as its support, or the part of a thing on which it stands or rests. — In architecture, the base of a pillar properly is that part which is between the top of a pedestal and the bottom of the shaft. Encyc. 2. The part of any ornament which hangs down, as housings. 3. The broad part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone. 4. The place from which racers or tillers start ; the bottom of the field ; the starting post. 5. The lowest or gravest part in inusic. 6. A rustic play, called also bajjs, or prison bars. — 7. In geometry, the lowest side of the perimeter of a figure.— 8. In chemistry, any body which is dis- solved by another body, which it receives and fixes. 9. Thorough base, in music, is the part performed with base viols or theorbos, while the voices sing, and other instiu- ments perform their parts. BASE, V. t. 1. To embase ; to reduce the value by the ad- mixture of meaner metals. {Little used.] Bacon. 2. To found ; to lay the base or foundation. Edinburgh Review. BaSE'-BORN, a. 1. Born out of wedlock. 2. Born of low parentage. 3. Vile ; mean. BaSE'-GcURT, 7/. [Fr. basse-cour.] The back yard, op- posed to the chief court in front of a house ; the farm yard. BASED, pp. Reduced in value ; founded. BaSE'LESS, a. Without a base ; having no foundation, ot support. BaSE'LY, adv. 1. In a base manner ; meanly ; dishonora- bly. 2. Illegitimately ; in bastardy. BaSE'MENT, 77. In architecture, the ground floor, on which the order, or columns which decorate the principal story, are placed. BaSE'-MIND-ED, a. Of a low spirit or mind ; mean. BaSE'-MTND'ED-NESS, n. Meanness of spirit. BaSE'NESS, 77. 1. Meanness; vileness ; -worthlessness. 2. Vileness of metal ; the quality of being of little com- parative value. 3. Bastardy ; illegitimacy of birth. 4. Deepness of sound. BaSE'NET, 7?=, A helmet. Spenser. BaSE'-STRING, n. The lowest note. Shak See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tJiis. j Obsolete BAS 74 BAS BaSE'-VI-OL, n. A musical instrument, used for playing the base, or gravest part. See Bass-Viol. BASH, V. i. [Heb. V\2-] To be ashamed 5 to be confounded with shame. Spenser. BA-SHAW', n. [Ar. baska ; Pers. pasha; Sp. baxa ; It. bascia ; Turlc. basch. — It sliould be written and pro- nounced pashaic] ]. A title of honor in the Turkish do- minions ; appropriately, the title of the prime vizier, but given to viceroys, or governors of provinces, and to gen- erals, and other men of distinction. 2. A proud, tyranni- cal, overbearing man. BASfi'FUL, a. 1. Properly, having a downcast look ; hence, very modest. 2. Modest to excess ; sheepish. 3. Exciting shame. BASHFUL-LY. adv. Very modestly ; in a timorous man- ner. BASH'FUL-NESS, 71. 1. Excessive or extreme modesty •, a quality of mind often visible in external appearance, as in blushing, a downcast look, confusion, bear do/on upon, to press to overtake ; to make all sail to come up with. — T'o bear hard, is to press or urge. — To bear on, is to press against ; also, to carry forward, to press, incite or animate. — To bear through, is to conduct or manage ; to support. — To bear out, is to maintain and support to the end ; to defend to the last. — To bear up, to support ; to keep from falling. — To bear up, to keep afloat. — To bear date, is to have the mark of time when written or exe- cuted. — To bear a price, is to have a certain price. — To bear a hand, in seamanship, is to make haste, be quick. BEAR, V. i. 1. To suffer, as with pain. 2. To be patient ; to endure. Dryden. 3. To produce, as fruit ; to be fruit- ful. 4. To take effect ; to succeed. 5. To act in any character. 6. To be situated as to the point of com- pass. To bear away, in navigation, is to change the course of a ship, when close hauled, or sailing with a side wind, and make her run before the wind. To bear up, is used in a like sense, from the act of bearing up the helm to the windward. — To bear down, is to drive or tend to. — To bear in, is to run or tend towards. — To bear up, is to tend or move towards ; to be supported ; to have fortitude. — To bear upon, or against, is to lean upon or against. — To bear against, to a.ppwa.ch for attack or seizure. — To bear upon, to act upon ; to be pointed or situated so as to affect. To bear with, to endure what is unpleasing ; to be indul- gent. BEJiR'-€LOTH, or BEaR'ING-€LOTH, n. A cloth in which a new-born cliild is covered when carried to church to be baptized. BEAR, n. [Sax. bera ; Ger. bar.] 1. A wild quadruped, of the genus ursiis. 2. The name of two constellations in the northern hemisphere, called the greater and lesser bear. In the tail of the lesser bear is tlie pole-star. BEaR-BaIT-ING, n. The sport of baiting bears with dogs. BEaR'-BER-RY, n. A plant, a species of arbutus. BEaR'-BiND, n. A species of bind-weed. BEaR'S'-BREECH, n. Brank-ursine, or acanthus, a genus of plants. BEaR'S'-EAR, 71. A name of primula auricula. BEaR'S-EAR SAN'I-€LE, n. A species of cortusa. BEaR'-FLY, n. An insect. Bacon. BEaR'S'-FOOT, n. A plant, a species of hellebore. BEaR'-GAR-DEN^, ?!. A place where bears are kept. BEaR'-GAR-DEN, a. Rude ; turbulent. Todd. BEaR'-WHELP, n. The whelp of a bear. Shak. BEaR'S'-WoRT, 71. A plant. Shak. * BEARD, (herd) n. [Sax. beard : D. baard.] 1. The hair that grows on the chin, lips and adjacent parts of the face. A graij beard, and reverend beard, are terms for old age. 2. ''Beard is sometimes used for the face. 3. The awn, or sharp prickles on the ears of corn. 4. A barb, or sharp point of an arrow, or other instrument, bent backward from the end, to prevent its being easily drawn out. 5. The beard or chuck of a horse, is that part which bears the curb of a bridle, underneath the lower mandible and above the chin. 6. The rays of a comet, emitted towards that part of the heaven to which its proper motion seems to direct it. * BEARD, (herd) v. t. 1. To take by the beard ; to seize, pluck or pull the beard. 2. To oppose to the face ; to set at defiance. *BEARD'ED, (berd'ed) a. 1. Having a beard. 2. Barbed or jagsred, as an arrow. * BEARD'ED, (berd'ed) pp. Taken by the beard ; opposed to the face. * BEARD'-GRASS, n. A plant, the andropogon. * BEARD'ING, (berd'ing) ppr. Taking by the beard ; oppos- ing to the face. * BEARD'LESS, (berd'less) a. Without a beard ; young ; not having arrived to manhood. *BEARD'LESS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being des- titute of beard. BEaR'ER, n. [See Bear.] 1, One who bears, sustains, or carries •, a carrier. 2. One who wears any thing, as a badge or sword. 3. A tree or plant that yields its fruit.— 4. In architecture, a post or brick wall between the ends 77 BEA of a piece of timber, to support it. — 5. In heraldry, a.&g\ire in an achievement, placed hv the side of a shield, and seeming to support it. BEaR'HERD, n. A man that tends bears. BEaR'ING, j>pr. Supporting ; carrying ; producing. BEAR'ING, n. 1. Gesture ; mien ; behavior ShaK. 2 The situation of an object, with respect to anoliier object. — 3. In architecture,\.\\e space between the two fixed exlreuies of a piece of timber.-— 4. )n na.vigatiun, Ihe situation of a distant object, with regard to a ship's position, as on the bow, on the lee quarter, &.c. — 5. In heraldry, coats of arms or figures of armories. BEAR'ISH, a. Partaking of the qualities of a bear. BEAR'LlKE, a. Resembling a bear. Shak. BEARN,n. [Sax. beam ; Goth, barn.] A child. In Scot- land, bairn. Shak. BEAR' WARD, n. A keeper of bears. Shak. BEAST, 71. [Tr. Mast,piasd ; Corn, bist ; D. beest ; L. bes- tia ; Er. bite.] 1. Any four-footed animal, which may be used for labor, food or sport ; distinguished from fowls, insects, fishes and man. 2. An irrational animal.—^. Figuratively, a brutal man. 4. A game at cards. Hence to beast. BEAST, v.t A term at cards. BkAST'INGS. See Biestings. BeAST'ISH, a. Like a beast ; brutal. BeAST'LiKE, a. Like a beast ; brutal. BeAST'LI-NESS, n. Brutality ; coarseness ; vulgarity •, filthiness ; a practice contrary to the rules of humanity. BeAST'LY, a. 1. Like a beast •, brutal ; coarse ; filthy. 2. Having the form or nature of a beast. t BeAST'LY, ndv. In the manner of a beast. BEAT, V. t. pret. beat ; pp. beat, beaten. [Sax. beatan.] 1. To strike repeatedly ; to lay on repeated blows. 2. To strike an instrument of music ; to play on. 3. To break, bruise, comminute, or pulverize by beating or pounding. 4. To extend by beating, as gold or other malleable sub- stance ; or to hammer into any form ; to forge. 5. To strike bushes ; to shake by beating, 01 to make a noise to rouse game. 6. To thresh ; to force out corn from the husk by blows. 7. To break, mix or agitate by beating. 8. To dash or strike, as water ; to strike or brush, as wind. 9. To tread, as a path. 10. To overcome in a bat- tle, contest or strife 5 to vanquish or conquer. 11. To har- ass ; to exercise severely 5 to overlabor. To beat down, to break, destroy, throw down 5 to press down. Shak. To lower the price ; to depress or crush.— To beat back, to compel to retire or return. — To beat into, to teach or instill.— T'o beat up, to attack suddenly ; to alarm or disturb. — To beat the wing, to flutter ; to move with fluttering agitation.— T'o beat off, to repel or drive back.— T'o beat the hoof, to walk ; to go on foot.— To beat time, to measure or regulate tune in music by the motion of the hand or Toot. — To beat out, to extend by hammer- ing. In popular use, to be beat out, is to be extremely fa- tigued. BEAT, V. i. 1. To move with pulsation. 2. To dash with force, as a storm, flood, passion, &c. 3. To knock at a door. 4. To fluctuate ; ,0 be in agitation. T'o beat about, to try to find ; to search by various means or ways. — To beat upon, to act upon with violence. — T'o beat up for soldiers, is to go about to enlist men into the army. — In seamanship, to beat is to make progress against the direction of the wind by sailing in a zigzag line or trav- erse. — With hunters, a stag beats up and down, when he runs first one way and then another. BEAT, n. 1. A stroke ; a striking •, a blow, whether with the hand, or with a weapon. 2. A pulsation. 3. The rise or fall of the hand or foot, in regulating the divisions of time in music. 4. A transient grace-note in music, struck immediately before the note it is intended to orna- ment. BEAT, ) pp. Struck ; dashed against ; pressed or laid BeAT'EN, \ down ; hammered ; pounded ; vanquished ; made smooth by treading ; worn by use ; tracked. BeAT'ER, 71. l.One who beats, or strikes ; one whose oc- cupation is to hammer metals. 2. An instrument for pounding, or comminuting substances. BeAT'ER-UP, 7?. One who beats for game. t BEATH, V. t. To bathe. Spenser. BE-A-TIF'I€, ) a. [L. beatusandfacio.] That has the BE-A-TIF'T-€AL, \ power to bless or make happy ; used only of heavenly fruition after death ; as, beatific vision. BE-A-TIF'I-€AL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to com- plete happiness. BE-AT-1-FI-€A'TI0N, 71. In the Romish church, an act of the pope, by which he declares a person beatified or bless ed after death. BE-AT'I-FY, v.t. [L.beatiLSKnAfacio.] 1. To make hap py ; to bless with the completion of celestial enjoyment. 2. In the Romish church, to declare, by a decree or public act, that a person is rece-ved into heaven, and is to be reverenced as blessed, though not canonized. BeAT'ING, ppr. Laying on blows ; striking ; dashing * See Synopsis. MoVE.BOQK. D6VE-— BTJLL, UNITE easK; 6as J ; S asZ ; CHasSH ; THasintAis. f Obsolete BEC 78 BED against ; conquering ; pounding ; sailing against the di- rection of tpe wind, L, UNITE — C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in tMs. t Obsolete BEG 80 jBEH received than expended . 4. At first ; before any thing is done. {•BE-FoRE-TIME, adv. Formerly ; of old time. BE-FUR TUNt, v. t. To happen to ; to betide. B.i-FU[JL', V. t. [Sax. befylan.] To make foul ; to soil. Bh;-FRIENU', (be-fr-ud') ?;. t. To favor ; to act as a friend to ; to countenance, aid, or benefit. BE-FRlEiNUED, p/). Favored •, countenanced. BE-FRlEiND'lNG, ppr. Favoring; assisting as a friend; sliowuig kindness to. BE-FRi^OE', (be-frinj') v. t. To furnish with a fringe ; to adorn as with fringe. BE FRiiXG ED, ('be-frinjd') pp. Adorned as with a fringe. B;OJ, or BEY, n. [the Turks write this word begh^ or bek, but pronounce it beij (ba.)] In the Turkish dominions, a governor of a town or country ; more particularly, the lord of a sangiac or banrer. — in Tunis, the beg, or bey, is tiie prince or king, answering to the dey of Algiers. BEG, V. t. 1. To ask earnestly ; to beseech ; to entreat cr supplicate with humility. 2. To ask or supplicate in char- ity. 3. To take for granted ; to assume without proof. BEG, V. i. To ask alms or charity ; to practice begging ; to live by asking alms. BE-GET', V. t. pret. begot, begat ; pp. begot, begotten. [Sax. btgetan.] 1. To procreate, as a father or sire ; to generate. 2. To produce, as an efiect ; to cause to exist ; to gen- erate. BE-GET'TER, n. One who begets or procreates ; a father. BEG'GA-BLE, a. That may be begged. Butler. BEG'GAR, 71. 1. One that lives by asking alms, or makes it his business to beg for charity. 2. One who supplicates witJi humility ; a petitioner. 3. One who Eissumes in ar- gument what he does not prove. BEG'GAR, V. t. 1. To reduce to beggary ; to impoverish. 2. To deprive or make destitute ; to exhaust. BEG'GAR ED, pp. Reduced to extreme poverty. BEG'GAR-ING, ppr. Reducing to indigence or a state of beggnry. BEG GAR-LI-NESS, n. The state of being beggarly ; mean- n*^ss ; extreme poverty. Barret. BEG'GAR-LY, a. Mean; poor; in the condition of a beg- gar • extremely indigent. Shak. BW-'GAR-LiY, adv. Meanly; indigently; despicably. BEG'GAR MAID, n. A maid that is a beggar. Shak. BEGGAR-MAN, n. A man tliat is a beggar. Shak. BEG'GAR-WOM-AN, n. A female beggar. Shak. BEG'GAR- Y, n. A state of extreme indigence. BEGGED, ;>;>. Entreated ; supplitated ; asked in charity. BEG'GING, ppr. Asking alms ; supplicating ; assuming without proof. BEG GliVG, n. The act of soliciting alms ; the practice of asking alms. BE-G HARDS', or BE-GUARDS', n. A religious order of St. Francis. BE-GILT', a. Gilded. B. Jonson. BE-GIN', V. i. pret. began ; pp. begun. [Sax. gynnan, agin- nan, and beirinnan.] 1. To have an original or first exist- ence ; to take rise ; to commence. 2. To do the first act ; to enter upon something new ; to take the first step. BE-GIN', V. t. 1. To do the first act of any thing ; to enter on ; to commence. 2. To trace from any thing, as the first ground , to lay the foundation. t BE-GIN', «. For beginnincr. Spenser. BE-GIN'NER, 71. 1. The person who begins. 2 One who first enters upon any art, science, or business ; one who is in his rudiments ; a young practitioner. BE-GIN'NING, ppr. First entering upon ; commencing ; giving rise or original ; taking rise or origin. BE-GIN'NING, n. 1. The first cause; origin. 2. That which is first ; the first state ; commencement ; entrance into being. 3. The rudiments, first ground, or materials. t BE-GIN NING-LESS, a. That hath no beginning. BE-GiRD , V. t. pret. begirt, bcgirded ; pp. begirt. [Sax. be- gyrdan.] 1. To bind with a band or girdle. 2. To sur- round; to inclose; to encompass. 3. To besiege. — To begirt, used by B. Jonson, is a corrupt orthography. BE-GiRD ED, or BE-GiRT', pp. Bound with a girdle ; sur- rounded ; inclosed ; besieged. BE-GiRD'lNG, ppr. Binding with a girdle; surrounding; besieging. BEG'LER-BEG, n. [See Beg.] The governor of a province in the Turkish emp're, next In dignity to the grand vizier. His province is called beglerbeglik. t BE-G LOOM', v.t. To cast a gloom over; to darken. Badcock. BE-GNAW, (be-naw') v. t. [Sax, begnagan.] To bite or gnaw'; to eat away ; to corrode ; to nibble. t BE-GOD' V. t. To deify ; to treat as a god. More. BE-GONE'. {pron. nearly, be-gawn') Go away ; depart. These two words have been improperly united. Be re- tains the sense of a verb, and gone that of a participle. BE-GoR'ED, a. Besmeared with grve. BE-GOt'tEN \pP-^^i^^- Procreated ; generated. t BE-GRaVE', v. t. 1. To deposit in the grave ; to bury. 2. Toengrave. Qower. BE-GReA»E', v. t. To soil or daub with grease, or other oily matter. BE-GRlME', V. t. To soil with din deep impressed, so that the natural hue cannot easily be recovered. Shak. BE-GRlM'ED, (be-grimd'j pp. Deeply soiled. BE-GRUDGE', (be-grudj') v. t. To grudge ; to envy the possession of. BE-GUlLE', (be-glle') v.t. 1. To delude ; to deceive ; to impose on by artifice or craft. 2. I'o elude by craft. 3 To elude any thing disagreeable by amusement, or other means ; to pass pleasingly ; to amuse. BE-GUiL'ED, (be-glld') pp. Deluded ; imposed on ; misled by craft ; eluded by stratagem ; passed pleasingly. BE-GUiL'ER, (be-gl'ler) n. He or that which beguiles or deceives. BE-GUiL'ING,jp;?r. Deluding; deceiving by craft ; eluding by artifice ; amusing. BE-GUILT'Y, (be-gil'te) v. t. To render guilty. [A barba- rous ivord.'] Sanderson. BE'GUIN, 71. One of a congregation of nuns in Flanders. BE-GUN',^p. of 6eo-irt. Commenced; originated. BE-HALF', (be-haP) n. [Sax. behefe.] 1. Favor ; advantage ; convenience; profit; support; defense; vindication. 2. Part, side ; noting substitution, or the act of taking the part of another. BE-HAP'PEN, v. i. To happen to. Spenser. BE-HaVE', v. t. [G. gehaben.] 1. To restrain ; to govern ; to subdue. This sense is obsolete. 2. To carry ; to con- duct ; used with the reciprocal pronoun ; as, he behaves himself rmnfuWy . BE-HaVE', v. i. To act ; to conduct ; generally applied to manners, or to conduct in any particular business ; and in a good or bad sense. He behaves well or ill. BE-HaV'ED, (be liavd') pp. Conducted. BE-HaV'ING, ppr. Carrying ; conducting. BE-HaV'IOR, (be-hav'yur) n. Mannerof behaving, whether good or bad; conduct; manners; carriage of one's self, v.'ith respect to propriety, or morals ; deportment. — To be upon one''s behavior, is to be in a state of trial, in which something important depends on propriety of conduct. The modern phrase is, to be, or to be put, upon one^s good behavior. BEHEAD', (be-hed') v. t. To cut off the head ; to sever the head from the body with a cutting instrument. BE-HEAD'ED, (be-hed'ed) pp. Having the head cut off. BE-HEAD'ING, (be-hed'ing) ppr. Severing the head from the body. BE-HEAD'ING, (be-hed'ing) n. The act of separating tlie head from the body by a cutting instrument ; decollation. BE-HELD', pret. and pp. of behold, which see. t BE-HEL', v. t. To torture as with the pains of hell. Heiryt. Be'HE-MOTH, 71. [Heb. nicna] Authors are divided in opinion as to the animal intended in Scripture by tliis name ; some supposing it to be an ox, others an elephant ; and Bochart labors to prove it the hippopotamus, or river horse. The latter opinion is the most probable, Bk'HEN, BEx\,or BEK'EN, 7). A plant. The ieAen of the shops, or white heben, is spatling poppy. Red behen is sea lavender. BE-HEST', 71. [be, and Sax. hcese.] Command ; precept , mandate, [Antiquated, except in poetry .^ fBE-HIGHT', (be-hite') v.t. pret. behot. [^&x. behetan.'] To promise ; to intrust ; to call, or name ; to command ; to adjudge ; to address ; to inform ; to mean ; to reckon. Chaucer. BE-HiND', prep. [Sax. behindan.] 1. At the back of anoth- er. 2. On the back part, at any distance ; in tlie rear. 3. Remaining ; left after the departure of another, whether by removing to a distance, or by death. 4. Left at a dis- tance, in progress or improvement. 5. Inferior to another in dignity and excellence. 6. On the side opposite the front or nearest part, or opposite to that which fronts a person ; on the other side. Behind the back., in Scripture, signifies, out of notice, or regard ; overlooked ; disre- garded. BE-HiND', atfTJ. 1. Out of sight ; not produced, or exhibited to view ; remaining. 2. Backwards ; on the back part. 3. Past in the progress of time. 4. Future, or remaining to be endured. 5. Remaining after a payment ; unpaid. 6. Remaining after the departure of. BE-HlND'HAND, a. In arrear ; in an exhausted state ; in a state in which rent or profit has been anticipated, and expenditures precede the receipt of funds to supply them In popular use, a state of poverty. BE-HoLD', V. t. pret. and pp. beheld. [Sax. behealdan, be heoldaji.] 1. To fix the eyes upon ; to see with attention to observe with care. 2. To 'ook upon ; to see. BE-HoLD', V. i. 1. To look ; to direct the eyes to an ob ject. 2. To fix the attention upon an object ; to attend , to direct or fix the mind. BE-HoLD'EN, (be-h51'dn) pp. or a. Obliged ; bound in gratitude ; indebted. See Synopsis S, E, I, 5, ^j^, long.— FA.R, FALL, WH,^T ;— PREY ;— PXN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. BE£ 8] BEL BE-H6LD'ER, n. One who beholds ; a spectator ; one who looks upon, or sees. BE-HoLI"ii\G, ppr. 1. Fixing tlie eyes upon ; looking on ; seeing. 2. Fixing the attention ; regarding with atten- tion. 3. Obliged. A mistaken use of the word for be- holden. — '1. 71. Obligation. [JV'ot used.] Carew. t BE-KoLD'ING-NESS, n. The state of being obliged. BE-HoN'EY, V. t. To sweeten with honey. Sherwood. BE-HOOF', n. [Sax. behofian.} 1. Need, necessity. 2. Inpresent usage, that which is advantageous ; advantage ; , profit; benefit. BE-HOOV'A-BLE, a. Needful •, profitable. BE-HOOVE', (be-hoov ) w. t. [Sax behofian.] Tobe necessa- ry for ; to be fit for ; to be meet for, with respect to necessi- ty, duty, or convenience. Jt may, perhaps, be sometimes used intransitively ; as, let him behave as it behooveth. BE-HOOVE'FUL, vbe-hoov'ful) a. Needful ; useful -, profit- able 5 advantageous. t BE-HOOV E'FUL-LY, (be-hoov'ful-ly) adv. Usefully ; profitably. t BE-HOOVE'LY, a. Profitable. Gower. t BE-HOT', pret. of behight. BE-HOVE', (be-hoov') and its derivatives. See Behoove. t BE-HOWL', V. i. To howl at. Shak. Be'ING, ppr. [See Be.] Existing in a certain state. Bk'ING, n. I. Existence ; a particular state or condition. 2. A person existing. 3. An immaterial, intelligent ex- istence, or spirit. 4. An animal ; any living creature. f Be'ING-PLACE, n. An existence. Spenser. BE IT SO. A phrase of anticipation, suppose it be so ; or of permission, let it be so. Shak. t BE-JaDE', v. t. To tire. Milton. t BE-J aPE', v. t. To laugh at ; to deceive. Chaucer. •(■ BE-KISS', V. t. To kiss or salute. Jonson. tBE-KJ>JAVE', V. t. To call knave. Pope. (• BE-KNoW, (be-no') v. t. To acknowledge. Chaucer. BE-La'BOR, v. t. To beat soundly ; to thump. Dnjden. BE-LaCE', v. t. 1. To fasten, as with a lacs or cord. 2. To beat ; to whip. BE-La'CED, a. Adorned with lace. Beaumont. t BE-LAM', V. t. To beat ; to bang. + BEL'A-MOUR, n. [Fr. bel-amour.] A gallant ; a consort. Spenser. t BEL'A-MY, n. [Fr. bel-ami.] A good friend ; an intimate. Spenser. ■f BE-LATE , V. t. To retard or make too late. BE-LaT'ED, a. 1. Benighted 5 abroad late at night. 2. Too late for the hour appointed or intended; later than the proper time. BE-LAT'fiD'NESS, n. A being too late. Milton. fBE-LlVE', V. t. To wash. tBE-LAW'GIVE, v. t. To give a law to. Milton. BE-LaY', v. t. 1. To block up, or obstruct. 2. To place in ambush. 3. To adorn, surround, or cover. 4. In sea- manship, to fasten, or make fast, by windmg a rope round a cleat, kevil, or Jrelaying-pin. BE-LaY'ED, (be-lade') pp. Obstmcted ; ambushed ; made fast. BE-LaY'ING, ppr. Blocking up ; laying an ambush ; mak- ing fast. BELCH, v.t. [Sax. bealcan.] 1. To throw or eject wind from the stomach with violence. 2. To eject violently from a deep, hollow place. BELCH, V. i. [Sax. bealcan.] 1 To eject wind from the stomach. 2. To issue out, as by eructation. BELCH, n. 1. The act of throwing out from the stomach, or from a hollow place ; eructation. 2. A cant name for malt liquor. BELCH'ED, (belcht) pp. Ejected from the stomach, or from a hollow place. BELCH'ING, ppr. Ejecting from the stomach, or any deep, hollow place. BELCH'ING, n. Eructation. Barret. BEL'DAM, n. [Fr. belle, and dame. It seems to be used in contempt, or as a cant term.] 1. An old woman. Shak. 2. A hag. Drijden. BE-LeA'GUER, (be-le'ger) v. t. [Ger. belagern.] To be- siege ; to block up ; to surround with an army, so as to preclude escape. BE-LkA'GUERED, pp. Besieged. BE-LkA'GUER-ER, n. One who besieges. BE-LkA'GUER-ING, ppr. Besieging; blocking up. t BE-LeA VE', v. t. To leave. May. t BE-LEE'. v. t. To place on the lee. Shak. BE-LEM'NITE, 71. [Gr. (S^Ujxvov.] Arrow-head, or finger- stone ; vulgarly called thunder-bolt, or thunder-stone. t RE-LEP'ER, v. t. To infect with leprosy. BEL'FLOW-ER, n. A plant. BEL'FOUND-ER, 71. He who founds 01 casts bells Bacon. BEL'FRY, 71 [Fr. befroy.] 1. Among military writers of the middle age, a tower erected by besiegers to over- look the place hesieg"='d, in which sentinels were placed. 2. That part of a steeple, or other building, in which a bell is hung. t EEL-GARD', n. [Fr. bel and egard.] A soft look or glance BEL'GI-AN, a. Belonging to Belgica. BEL'GI-ANj n. A native of Belgica, or the Low Countries. BEL'GIC, a. [L. Belgicus.] Pertaining to the Belgas, or to the Netherlands. Be'LI-AL, n. [Keb. 7J,"73] Jls a noun, unprofitableness ; wickedness. As an adjective, worthless ; wicked. In a collective sense, wicked men. Parkhurst. t BE-Ll'BEL, v.t. To libel or traduce. Fuller. BE-LlE', (be-li') v. t. [be and lie. t-ax. belecgan.] 1. To give the lie to ; to show to be false ; to charge with false- hood. 2. To counterfeit ; tomunick ; tofeign resemblance. 3. To give a false representation. 4. To tell lie? concern- ing ; to calumniate by false reports. 5. To fill with lies Shak. BE-LiEiy, (be-lide') pp. Falsely represented, either by word or obvious evidence and indication ; counterfeited ; mim- icked. BE-LIeF', (be-leef ) n. [Sax. geleaf, geleafan, gelefan, geliefan, gelyfan, to believe.] 1 A persuasion of the truth, or an assent of mind to the truth, of a declaration, proposition, or alledged fact, on the ground of evidence. — 2. in theology, faith, or a firm persuasion of the truths of religion. 3. Religion. 4. Persuasion or opinion. 5. The thmg believed ; the object of belief. 6. A creed ; a form or summary of articles of faith. BE-LIeV'A-BLE, (be-le'va-bl) a. That may be believed ; credible. BE-LIeVE', (be-leev') v. t. 1. To credit upon the authority or testimony of another ; to be persuaded of the tmth of something. 2. To expect or hope with confidence ; to trusty BE-LIeVE', v. i. To have a fmn persuasion of any thing ; to think, or suppose.— In theology, to believe sometimes expresses a mere assent of the understanding ; and some- times it implies, witii this assent of the mmd, a yielding of the will and affections. BE-LIeV'ED, (be-leevd') pp. Credited ; assented to, as true._ BE-LIeV'ER, n. 1. One who believes ; one who gives credit to other evidence than that of personal knowledge. — 2. In theology, one who gives credit to the truth of the Scriptures, as a revelation from God. In a more restricted sense_, a professor of Christianity. BE-LIeVING, ppr. Giving credit to testimony, or to other evidence than personal knov.^ledge. BE-LIeV'ING-LY, adv. In a believing manner. BE-LiKE', adv. [be and like.] Probably ; likely ; perhaps. [JVearly antiquated.] fBELlKE'LY, at^y. Probably. Hall. fBE-LlME', V. t. To besmear with lime ; losoil. Bp. Hall. BE-LIT'TLE, v.t. To make smaller, or less in size. Jef ferson. t BE -LIVE', atZf. Speedily; quickly. Spenser. BELL, n. [Sax. bell, bella, belle.] 1. A vessel or hollow body of cast metal, used for making sounds. Its constit- uent parts are a barrel or hollow body enlarged or expand- ed at one end, an ear or cannon by which it is hung to a beam, and a clapper on the inside. 2. A hollow body of metal, perforated, and containing a solid ball, to give sounds when shaken ; used on animals. 3. Any thing in form of a hell, as the cup or calix of a flower.- To bear the bell, is to be the first, or leader, in allusion to the bell-wether of a flock. BELL, V. i. To grow in the form of bells, as buds or flow- ers. BELL'-FASH-IONED, a. Having the form of a bell. BELL'-FLOW-ER, n. A genus of plants, so named from the shape of the flower. BELL'-FOUND-ER, n. A man whose occupation is to found or cast bells. BELL-MAN, n. A man who rings a bell, especially to give notice of any thing in the streets. BELL'-MET-AL, (bel'-met-tl) n. A mixt ure of copper and tin, in the proportion of about ten parts of copper to one of tin, and usually a small portion of brass or zink ; used for making bells. BELL'-PEP-PER, n. A name of the Guinea pepper, a spe- cies of capsicum. BELL'-RING-ER, n. One whose business is to ring a church or other bell. BELL'-SHAPED, a. Having the form of a bell. BELL'-WETH-ER, n. A wether or sh^ep which leadu the flock with a bell on his neck. BELL'-WoRT, n. A plant, the uvularia. BEL'LA-DON-NA, v. A plant, a species of atropa. BEL'LA-TRIX, n. [L.] A ruddy, glittering star, of the sec- ond magnitude, in the left shoulder of Orion. BELLE, (bel) 7i. [Fr.] A young lady. In popula.r us:c,a. lady of superior beauty, and much admired. BELL'El), a. Hung with bells. * EELLES-LET-TRES, (bel'let-ter) n. pH. anglicized bell letters. [Fr.] Polite literature ; a word of very vague signification. It includes poetry and orr.tc-y ; but authors See SifRopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE 5— €asK ; Gas J j SasZ ^CHasSH- THasintto 6 ^OltaoLeU. BEL 82 BEN are not agreed to what particular branches of learning the term should be restricted. BELL'1-BONE, n. [Fr. belle and ionne.'] A woman excel- ling both in beauty and goodness. 1 BEL-LI6'EIl-ATE, v. i. To make war. Cockeram. BEL-LI6'ER-ENT, a. [L. belliger, belligero.'] Waging war ; carrying on war. BEL-LI6'ER-ENT, n. A nation, power or state carrying on war. f BEL-LIG'EROUS, a. The same, ^s belligerent. BELL'ING, n. [Sax. bellan.'] 1. The noise of a roe in rutting time. 2. a. Growing or forming like a bell ; growing full , and ripe 5 used of hops ; from bell. BEL-LIP'O-TENT, a. [L. bellipotens.] Powerful or mighty in war. {Little used.\ t BEL'Ll-TUDE, n. [L. bellitudo.] Beauty. Cockeram. t BEL-LiaUE', (bel-leek') a. [Old Fr.] Warlike. BELi'LON, 71. A disease, attended with languor and intol- erable griping of the b-^wels. BEL-LoNA, 71. The goddess of war. BEL Low, V. i. [Sax. bellan.] 1. To make a hollow, loud noise, as a bull ; to make a loud outcry ; to roar. In contempt, to vociferatft or clamor. 2. To roar, as the sea in a tempest, or as the wind when violent ; to make_a loud, hollow, continued somid. BEL'LoW, n. A loud outcry ; roar. BEL'LoW-ING, ppr. Making a loud, hollow sound, as a bull, or as the roaring of billows. BEL'LoW-ING, n. A loud, hollow sound, or roar. *BEL'L6WS, n. sing, and plu, [Sax. bilig, or bylig ; Goth. balgs.] An instrument, utensil or machine for blowing fire. BEL'LoWS-FISH, n. The trumpet-fish. BEL'LU-INE, a. [L. belluinus.] Beastly ; pertaining to or like a beast ; brutal. [Little used.] BEL'LY, n. [Ir. bolg ; W. boly.] 1. That part of the human body which extends from the breast to the thighs, con- taining the bowels. 2 The part of a beast corresponding to the human belly. 3. The womb. Jer. i. 5. 4. The receptacle of food ; that which requires food. 5. The part of any thing which resembles the human belly in protu- berance or cavity, as of a harp or a bottle. 6. Any hollow, inclosed place. BEL'LY, 7;. t. To fill ; to swell out. Shak. BEL'LY, V. i. 1. To swell and become protuberant, like the belly. 2. To strut. BEL'LY-a€HE, 71. Pain in the bowels 5 the colic. [ Vul- BEL'LY-a€HE BIJSH or WEED, n. A species of jatro- pha, BEL'LY-BAND, n. A band that encompasses the belly of a horse, and fastens the saddle ; a girth. BEL'LY -BOUND, a. Diseased in the belly ; costive, t BEL'LY-CHEER, n. Good cheer. Chaucer. BEL'LY-FRET-TING, n. The chafing of a horse ^s belly with a fore girt. 2. A violent pain in a horse's belly, caused by wonns. BEL'LY-FUL, n. As much as fills the belly, or satisfies the appetite. BEL'LY-GOD, n. A glutton ; one who makes a god of his belly. BEL'LY-ING, fpr. Enlarging capacity ; swelling out, like the belly. BELLY-PINCHED, a. Starred ; pinched with hunger. Shak. BEL'LY-RoLL, n. A roller protuberant in the middle, to roll land between ridges, or in hollows. BEL'LY-SLAVE, n. A slave to the appetite. BEL'LY-TIM-BER, n. Food; that which supports the belly. Prior. [Vulgar.'] BEL'LY-WoRM, n. A worm that breeds in the belly or stomach. Johnson. BE-LOCK', V. t. [Sax. belman.] To lock, or fasten as with a lock. Shak. BEL'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. (SeXog and jjiavreia.] A kind of divination by aiTows, practiced by the ancient Scythians, Babylonians and other nations. BE-LoNE', 71. [Gr (SeXovrj.] The gar, garfish, or sea-needle, a species of esoz. BE-LONG', V. i. [D. belangen.] I. To be the property of. 2. To be the concern or proper business of ; to appertain. 3. To be appendant to. 4. To be a part of, or connected with, though detached in place. 5. To have relation to. 6. To be the quality or attribute of. 7. To be suitable for. 8. To relate to, or be referred to. 9. To have a legal residence, settlement, or inhabitancy. 10. To be the na- tive of; to have original residence.— 11. In common lan- guage, to have a settled residence ; to be domiciliated. BE-LONG'ING, ppr. Pertaining ; appertaining ; being the property of; being a quality of; being the concern of; being appendant to ; being a native of, or having a legal or permanent settlement in. I BE-LONG'ING, 71. A quality. Shak. BE-LOVE', V. t. To love. BE-L6V'ED, pp. [be and loved, from love. Belove, aa a verb, is not used.] Loved ; greatly loved ; dear to the heart. BE-LoW, prep. 1. Under in place -, beneath ; not so high 2. Inferior in rank, excellence or dignity. 3. Unworthy of ; unbefitting. BE-LoW', adv. 1. In a lower place, with respect to any ob- ject. 2. On the earth, as opposed to the heavens. 3. In hell, or the region of the dead. 4. In a court of inferior jurisdiction. fBE-LOWT', V. t. To treat with contemptuous language. BEL'SWAG-GER, n. A lewd man. Drydon. BELT, n. [Sax. belt.] 1. A girdle ; a band, usually of leath- er, in which a sword or other weapon is hung. 2. A nar- row passage at the entrance of the Baltic. 3. A bandage or band used by surgeons for various purposes. — 4. In astronomy, certain girdles or nngs which surround the planet Jupiter are called belts. 5. A disease among sheep, cured by cutting off the tail, laying the sore bare, then casting mold on it, and applying tar and goose- grease. BELT, v. t. To encircle. Warton. BE-Ltl'GA, 71. A fish of the cetaceous order. BEL'VI-DERE, n. [L. bellus and video.] 1. A plant, a spe- cies c\f chenopodium, goosefoot or wild orach. — 2. In Italian architecture, a pavilion on the top of an edifice ; an arti- ficial eminence in a garden. BE-LYE. See Belie. fBE'MA, 7!. [Gr. /3?7|ua.] 1. A chancel. 2. In ancient Greece, a stage or kind of pulpit. jBE-MAD', V. t. To make mad. Shak. BE-MAN'GLE, v. t. To mangle ; to tear asunder. Beau- mont. [Little used.] BE-MaSK', v. t. To mask ; to conceal. Shelton. BE-MaZE', v. t. To bewilder. [Little used.] t BE-MeTE', 7;. t. To measure. Shak. BE-MIN'GLE, 7;. i. To mingle; to mix. [Little used.] BE-MIRE', v. t. To drag or incumber in the mire. t BE- MIST', 7'. t. To cover or involve in mist. BE-MoAN', V. t. To lament ; to bewail ; to express sorrow for. t BE-MoAN'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented, BE-MoANED, pp. Lamented ; bewailed. BE-]MoAN'ER, n. One who laments. BE-MoAN'ING, j3j5r. Lamenting; bewailing. BE-MO€K', V. t. To treat with mockery. [Lmle used.] BE-MOCK', V. i. To laugh at. jBE-MOIL', V. t. To bedraggle ; to bemire ; to soil or m- cumber with mire and dirt. Shak. BE-MoL', 71. In music, a half note. Bacon. t BE-MON'STER, v. t. To make monstrous. Shak. BE-MoURN', V. t. To weep or mourn over. [Little used.] BE-MUS'ED, (be-muzd') a. Overcome with musing ; dream- ing ; a word of contempt. Pope. t BEN. [Sax.] Used for are, been, and to be. BEN, or BEN'-NUT, n. A pmgative fruit or nut. BENCH, 71. [Sax. Je;ic.] 1. A long seat, usually of board or plank. 2. The seat where judges sit in court ; the seat of justice. 3. The persons who sit as judges ; the court. Driiden. BENCH, v.t. 1. To furnish with benches. 2. To seat on a bench. 3. v. i. To sit on a seat of justice. Shak. BENCH'ER, n. I. In England, the benchers, in the inns of court, are the senior members of the society who have the government of it, and have been readers. 2. The alder- ihan of a corporation. 3. A judge. Shak. BEND, V. t. ; pret. bended, or bent : pp. bended, or bent. [Sax- bevdan.] 1. To strain or to crook by straining. 2. To crook ; to make crooked ; to curve ; to inflect. 3. To direct to a certain point. 4. To exert ; to apply closely ; to exercise laboriously ; to intend or stretch. 5. To prepare or put in order for use ; to stretch or strain. 6. To incline ; to be determined ; that is, to stretch towards, or cause to tend. 7. To subdue ; to cause to yield ; to make sub- missive. — 8. In seamanship, to fasten, as one rope to another, or to an anchor ; to fasten, as a sail to its yard or stay ; to fasten, as a cable to the ring of an anchor. — 9. To bend the brow, is to knit the brow ; to scowl ; to frown. BEND, V. i. 1. To be crooked ; to crook, or be curbing. 2. To incline ; to lean or turn. 3. To jut over. 4. To resolve, or determine. 5. To bow, or be submissive. BEND, n. 1. A curve ; a crook ; a turn in a road or river ; flexure ; incurvation. — 2. In marine language, that part of a rope which is fastened to another, or to an anchor. 3. Bends of a ship are the thickest and strongest planks in her sides, more generally called wales. — 4. In herald- ry, one of the nine honorable ordinaries, containing a third part of the field, wherr charged, and a fifth, when plain. t BEND, 77. A band. Spenser. BEND'A-BLE, a. That maj be bent or incurvated. BEND'ED, or BENT, pp.' Strained ; incurvated ; made crooked ; inclined ; subdued. *See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tr, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—HN, MARmE, BIRD ;- t Obsolete BEN a3 BER BEND'ER, n. The person who bends, or makes crooked ; also, an instrument for bending other things. BEND'ING, ppr. Incurvating ; forming into a curve ; stooping ; subduing ; turning, as a road or river ; inclin- ing ; leaning 5 applying closely, as the mind ; fastening. BEND LET, «. In heraldry^ a little bend, which occupies a sixth part of a shield. Bailey. BEND'-WITH, n. A plant. Diet. BENDY, 71. In heraldry, the field divided into four, six or more parts, diagonally, and varying in metal and color. BEN E, n. The popular name of the sesamum orien- tale, called in the West Indies vangloe, an African plant. BE-NeAP'ED, (be-neept ) a. Among seamen, a ship is be- neaped, when the water does not flow high enough to float_her from a dock or over a bar. BE-NeATH', prep. [Sax. beneath.] 1. Under; lower in place, with something directly over or on. 2. Under, in a figurative sense; bearing heavy impositions, as taxes, or oppressive government. 3. Lower in rank, dignity or excellence. 4. Unworthy of ; unbecoming ; not equal to. BE-NeATH', adv. 1. In a lower place. jMortimer. 2. Be- low, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region. t BEN'E-D1€T, a. [L. benedictus.] Having mild and salu- brious qualities. Bacon. BEN-E-DI€'TiNE, a. Pertaining to the order or monks of St. Benedict, or St. Benet. BEN-E-DI€'TiNES, n. An order of monks, who profess to follow the rules of St. Benedict. In the canon law, they are called black friars. BEN-E-Dl€'TION, n. [L. benedictio.] 1. The act of bless- ing ; a giving praise to God, or rendering thanks for his favors ; a blessing pronounced. 2. Blessing, prayer, or kind wishes, uttered in favor of any person or thing ; a solemn or affectionate invocation of happiness ; thanks ; expression of gratitude. 3. The advantage conferred by blessing. 4. The form of instituting an abbot, answering to the consecration of a bishop. t BEN-E-DI€'TIVE, a. Of power to draw down a blessing ; giving a blessing. Oauden. BEN-E-FAe'TION, n. [L. benefacio.] 1. The act of con- ferring a benefit. 2. A benefit conferred, especially a charitable donation. BEN-E-FA€'TOR, n. He who confers a benefit. BEN-E-FA€'TRESS, n. A female who confers a benefit. BEN'E-FlCE, a. [L. beneficium.] 1. Literally, a benefit, advantage or kindness. But, in present usage, an eccle- siastical living. 2. In the middle ages, benefice was used for a fee, or an estate in lands. BEN'E-FiCED, a. Possessed of a benefice or church prefer- ment. .Riiliffe. t BEN'E-FlCE-LESS, a. Having no benefice. BE-NEPI-CENCE, n. [L. bene fie entia.] The practice of doing good ; active goodness, kindness, or charity. BE-NEF'I-CENT, a. Doing good ; performing acts of kind- ness and charity. BE-NEF'I-CENT-LY, adv. In. a beneficent manner. BEN-E-Fl"CIAL, a. I. Advantageous ; conferring benefits ; useful ; profitable ; helpful ; contributing to a valuable end. 2. Receiving or entitled to have or receive advan- tage, use or benefit. tBEN-E-Fi"CIAL, 71. A benefice. Spenser. BEN-E-Fi"CIAL-LY, adv. Advantageously ; profitably •, helpfuUy. BEN-E-Fl"CIAL-NESS, n. Usefulness ; profitableness. BEN-E-Fi"CIA-RY, a. [L. beneficiarius.] Holding some oflice or valuable possession, in subordination to another. BEN-E-Fl"CIA-RY, n. 1. One who holds a benefice. 2. One who receives any thing as a gift, or is maintained by charity. BEN-E-Fi"CIEN-CY, 71. Kindness or favor bestowed. BEN-E-FI"CIENT, a. Doing good. Adam Smith. BEN'E-FIT, n. [L. beneficium ; Fr. bicnfait.] 1. An act of kindness ; a favor conferred. 2. Advantage ; profit -, a word of extensive use, and expressing whatever con- tributes to promote prosperity and happiness. — 3. In law, benefit of clergy. See Clergy. BEN'E-FiT, V. t. To do good to ; to advantage ; to advance in health or prosperity. BEN'E-FIT, V i. To gain advantage ; to make improve- ment. BEN'E-FIT-ED, pp. Profited ; having received benefit. BEN'E-FIT-ING, ppr. Doing good to ; profiting ; gaining advantage ._ t BE-Ne'GRoE, v. t. To make extremely dark. Hewvt. t BE-NeME', v. t. 1. To name. 2. To promise : to give. t BE-NEMP'NE, v. t. To name. Spenser. t BEN-E-PLAC'I-TURE, n. [L. bene_ choice. Olanville t BE-NET', V. t. To catch in a net ; to insnare. BE-NEV'O-LENCE, n. {!-,. henevolentia.] 1. The disposi- tion to do good •, good will ; kindness ; charitableness ; the love of mankind, accompanied with a desire to pro- mote tlieir happiness. 2. An act of kindness ; good beneplaci'tum.] Will ; done charity given. 3. A species of contribution or tax illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England. BE-NEV'0-LENT, a. [L. benevolens.] Having a disposition to do good ; possessing love to mankind, and a desire to promote their prosperity and happiness : kind. t BE-NEV'O-LENT-NESS, n. Benevolence. t BE-NEV'0-LOUS, a. Kind, friendly. Puller. BE-NEV'0-LENT-LY, adv. In a kind manner ; with good wiU. BEN-GAL', n. A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, for women's apparel, so called from Bengal. BEN-GA-LEE , n. The language or dialect spoken in Ben- gal. BEN-GA-I.eSE', n. sing, and plu A native, or the natives of Bengal. j3s. Res. vii. 171. BE-NlGHT', V. t. 1. To mvolve in darkness •, to shroud with the shades of night. 2. To overtake with night 3. To involve in moral darkness, or ignorance ; to debar from intellectual light. BE-NlGHT'ED, pp. Involved in darkness, physical or moral ; overtaken by the night. BE-NiGN', (be-nlne') a. [L. henignus.] 1. Kind ; of a kind dispositioa ; gracious ; favorable. 2. Generous ; liberal 3. Favorable ; having a salutary influence. 4. Whole- some ; not pernicious. 5, Favorable •, not malignant. BE-NIG'NANT, a. Kind ; gracious ; favorable. BE-NIG'NI-TY, n. 1. Goodness of disposition or heart; kindness of nature ; graciousness. 2. Actual goodness ; beneficence. 3. Salubrity ; wholesome quality ; or that which tends to promote health. Wiseman. BE-NiGN'LY, (be-nlne'ly) adv. Favorably ; kindly ; gra- ciously. BEN'I-SON, (ben'-e-zn) n. [Fr. benir, benissant.] Blessing benediction. \_J^rearly antiquated.'] BEN'JA-MIN, n. 1. A tree, the laurus benzoin, called also spice-bush. 2. A gum or resin, or rather a balsam. See Benzoin. BEN'NET, n. The herb bennet, or avens, known in botany bv the generic term geum. BEN'NET-FISH, n. A fish of two feet in length. BENT, pp. of bend. Incurvated ; inflected ; inclined ; prone to, or having a fixed propensity ; determined. — Bent on, having a fixed inclination. BENT, n. 1. The state of being curving, or crooked ; flexure ; curvity. 2. Declivity; as, the Jerif of a hiU. [Unusual.] Dryden. 3. Inclination ; disposition ; a leaning or bias of mind; propensity. 4. Flexion; tendency; particular direction. 5. Application of the mind. BENT, I n. A kind of grass, called, in botany, BENT'-GRASS, i agrostis. BENT'ING-TIME, n. The time when pigeons feed on bents, before peas are ripe. BE-NUM', corruptly BE-NUMB', v. t. [Sax. beniman, beny- man ; pp. bemiryien.] 1. To make torpid ; to deprive of sensation. 2. To stupify ; to render inactive. BE-NUM'MED, (be-numd') pp. Rendered torpid ; deprived of sensation ; stupified. EE-NUM'MED-NESS, n. The state of being benummed Smith. BE-NUM'MING, ppr. Depriving of sensation ; stupifying, BEN'ZO-ATE, n. A salt formed by the union of the ben- zoic a^id with any salifiable base. BEN-Zo'IC, a. Pertaining to benzoin. — Benzoic acid, or finwers of benzoin, is a peculiar vegetable acid, obtained from benzoin and other balsams, by sublimation or de- coction. BEN-ZOIN', or BEN'JA-MIN, n. Gum benjamin ; a con- crete resinous juice, flowing from the styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, &c. BE-PaINT', v. t. To paint ; to cover with paint. Shak. [Little used.] t BE-PaLP', v. t. To make pale. Carew. BE-PINCH', V. t. To mark with pinches. BE-PINCHT'^' I 'P^- ^'^^^^^^ ^^**^ pinches. Chapman. BE-POW'DER, 11. t. To powder ; to sprinkle or cover with powder. BE-PRaISE', v. t. To praise greatly or extravagantly. Goldsmith. BE-PUR'PLE, ■y. t. To tinge or dye with a purple color. BE-aUEATH', V. t. [Sax. becwasthan.] To give or leave by will ; to devise some species of property by testament. BE-QUeATH'ED, (be-kweethd') pp. Given or left by wUl BE-aUEATH'ER,n. A testator. Huloet. BE-QUeATH ING, -ppr. Giving or devising by testament BE-aUEATH'MENT, n. The act of bequeathing ; a be quest. BE-QUEST', n. Something left by will ; a legacy. t BE-RaTN', v. t. To rain upon. Chaucer. BE-RaTE', v.t. To chide vehemently ; to scold. BE-RAT'TLE, v.t. To fill with rattling sounds or noiie Shak. t t BE-RaY , V. t. To make foul ; to soil. Milton. BERBER-RY. n. fL. berberis.] See Barberry. * See Synopsis. MOVE , BOOK D6VE ;~BULL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f OhsoUte BES 84 BES BSSE, n The name of a species of barley in Scotland. 07-aij. D£-ReAVE', v. t. pret. bereaved^ lereft ,• pp. bereaved, be- reft. [Sax. bereajian.] 1. To deprive; to strip ; to make destitute ; with of before the tiling taken away. 2. To takeaway from. Shale. BE ReAV'ED, (be-reevd ) pp. Deprived ; stripped, and left destitute. BE-ReAVE'MENT, n. Deprivation, particularly by the loss of ajriend by death BE-ReAV'1NG, ppr. Stripping bare ; depriving. BE-REFT', pp. of bereave. Deprived ; made destitute. BER-EN-GaRI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Berengarius, fBERG, n [Sax. beorg.] A borough; a town that sends burgesses to parliament ; a castle. [See Burg.] .Ssh. 3ERG'A-MOT, 7i. [Fr. bergamotte.] 1. A species of pear. 2. A species of citron. 3. An essence or perfume from the citron. 4. A species of snuff perfumed with berga- mot 5. A coarse tapestry. BERG'AN-DER, n. A burrow duck ; a duck that breeds in holes under cliffs. t BER'GE-RET, n. [Fr. berger.] A song. Chaucer. BERG'MAN-lTE, n. A min-ral. BERG MAS-TER, n. [Sax. bsorg, and master.'] The bai- liff or chief officer among the Derbyshire miners. BERG'MOTE, n. [Sax. beorg, and mote.] A court held on a hill in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding contro- versies between the miners. BE-RH yME', v. t. To mention in rhyme or verse ; used in contempt. Shak. * BERLIN, n. A vehicle of the chariot kind. BER-LUC'CIO, n. A small bird, somewhat like the yellow- hammer, but less, and more slender. BERME, 11. In fortification, a space of ground of three, four, or five feet in width, left between the rampart and tlie moat or foss. BER'NA-€LE. See Barnacle. BER'NAR-DlNE, a. Pertaining to St. Bernard, and the monks of the order. BER'NAR-DINES, n. An order of monks, founded by Rob- ert, abbot of Moleme, and reformed by St. Bernard. t BE-ROB', v t. To rob. Spenser. BE-RoE', 71. A marine animal of an oval form. BERRIED, a. Furnished with berries. BERRY, M. [Sax. beria.] 1. A succulent or pulpy frait, containing naked seeds, including many varieties. 2. A mound, [for barrow.] BER'RY, V. i. To bear or produce berries. BERRY- BE aR-ING, a. Producing berries. BERT, [Sax. beorht, berht ; Eng. bright.] This word en- ters into the names of many Saxon princes and noblemen ; as Egbert, Sigbert. See Bright. BERTH, n. 1. A station in which a ship rides at anchor, comprehending the space in which she ranges. 2. A room or apartment in a ship, where a number of officers or men mess and reside. 3. The box or place for sleep- ing, at the sides of a cabin ; the place for a hammoc, or a repository for chests, &c. BER'TRAM, n. Bastard pellitory, a plant. BER'YL, n. [L. beryUus.l A mineral, considered by Cleave- land as a sub-species of emerald. BER'YL-€RYS'TAL, n. A species of imperfect crystal. BER'YL-LINE, a. Like a beryl ; of a light or bluish green. t BE-SaINT', v. t. To make a saint. JBE-SAYLE', n. [Norm, ayle ; Fr. a'ieul.] A great grand- father. /BE-S€AT'TER, v. t. To scatter over. Spenser. t BE-S€ORN', v.t.To treat with scorn ; to mock at. Chaucer. \ BE-S€RATCH', v. t. To scratch ; to tear with the nails. Chaucer. BE-S€RAWL', v. t. To scrawl ; to scribble over. BE-S€REEN', v. t. To cover with a screen ; to shelter ; to conceal. Shak. BE-S€REENED, (be-screend') pp. Covered ; sheltered ; BE-f^CRfB'BLE, v. t. To scribble over. Milton. + BE-SerTM'BER, v. t. To encumber. B. Jonson. t BE-SEE', v. i. To look ; to mind. Wickliffe. BE-SEECH', V. t. pret. and pp. besought. [Sax. be and secan.] To intreat ; to supplicate ; to implore •, to ask or pray with urgency. BE-SEECH', n. Request. BE-SEECH'ER, v. One who beseeches. BE-SEECH'ING, ppr. Entreating, t BE-SEEK', V. t. To beseech. Chaucer. BE-SEEMi, V. t. To become ; to be fit for, or worthy of; to be decent for. BE-SEEM'ING, ppr. or a. Becoming ; fit ; worthy of. BE-SEEM'ING, n. Comeliness. Barret. BE-SEEM'LY, a. Becoming ; fit ; suitable, t BE-SEEN', a. Adapted ; adjusted. Spenser. BE-SET', v. t. pret. and pp. beset. [Sax. besettan.] I. To surround ; to inclose ; to hem in ; to besiege. 2. To press on all sides, so as to perplex ; to entangle, so as to render escape ditlicult or impossible. 3. To waylay. 4. To fall upon. BE-SET'T'^^G, ppr. Surrounding ; besieging ; waylaying. BE-SET'TING, a. Habitually attending, or pressmg. t BE-SHTNE', V. t. To shine upon. BE-SHRE W, V. t. 1. To wish a curse to ; to execrate. ?. To happen ill to. {JSTot in use.] Shak. fBE-SHUT', V. t. To shut up. C/iaucer. BE-SlDE', prep. 1. At the side of a person or thing , neai. 2. Over and above ; distinct from. 3. On one side ; out of the regular course or order ; not according to, but not contrary. 4. Out of; in a state deviating from. 5. With the reciprocal pronoun, beside one^s self is out of the wits or senses. BE-SIDE', or BE-SlDES', adv. Moreover ; more than that ; over and above ; distinct from ; not included in the num- ber, or in what has been mentioned. BE-SlD'ER-Y, 7i. A species of pear. Johnson. BE-SlDES', prep. Over and above; separate or distinct from^ BE-SIeGE', V. f. [be and siege ;Fi-. siege.] 1. To lay siege to ; to beleaguer ; to beset, or surround with armed forces, for the purpose of compelling to surrender, either by fam ine or by violent attacks. 2. To beset ; to throng round BE-SIeG'ED, (be-seejd') pp. Surrounded or beset with hos- tile ti'oops. BE-SIeG'£R, n. One who lays siege, or is employed in a siege. BE-S1eG'ING, ^;>r. Laying siege; surrounding with armed forces. BESIeG'ING, a. Surrounding in a hostile manner ; em« ployed in a siege. fBE-SIT', ?;. t. To suit; to become. Spenser. t BE-SLaVE', «. i. To subjugate ; to enslave. f BE-SLiME', V. t. To daub with slime; to soil. BE-SLUBBER, V. t. To soil or smear with spittle, or any thingjunning from the mouth or nose. [ Vulgar.] BE-SMeAR', v. t. To bedaub ; to overspread witli any viscous, glutinous matter, or with any soft substance that adheres. Hence, to foul ; to soil. BE-SMeAR'ED, (be-smeerd') pp. Bedaubed ; overspread with any thing soft, viscous, or adhesive ; soiled. BE-SMeAR'ER, n. One that besmears. BE-SMeAR'ING, ppr. Bedaubing ; soiling. BE-SMiRCH', V. t. To soil ; to foul ; to discolor. Shak. [Lit- tle used.] BE-SM6KE', V. t. To foul with smoke ; to harden or dry in smoke. [Little used.] BE-SMoK'ED, (be-smokf) pp. Fouled or soiled with smoke ; dried in smoke. BE-SMUT', V. t. To blacken with smut ; to foul with soot BE-SMUT'TED, pp. Blackened with smut or soot. BE-SNoW, V. t. To scatter like snow. [Little used.] BE-SNoW'ED, (be-snode') a. or pp. Covered or sprinkled with snow, or with white blossoms. Hanbury. BE-SNUFF', V. t. To befoul with snuff. BE-SNUF'-FED, (be-snuff) pp. Foul with snuff. Young. Be'SOM, n. [Sax. besm.] A broom ; a brush of twigs for sweeping. Besom, v. t. To sweep, as with a besom. Barlow. BE-SORT', V. t. To suit ; to fit ; to become. Shak. jBE-SORT', «. Company; attendance; train. Shak. BE-SOT', V. t. 1. To make sottish ; to infatuate ; tostupify , to make dull or senseless 2. To make to dote. BE-SOT'TED, pp. Made sottish or stupid.— Besotted on, in- fatuated with foolish affection. BE-SOT'TED-LY, adi). In a foolish manner. BE-SOT'TED-NESS, n. Stupidity ; arraut folly ; infatua- tion. BE-SOT'TING, ppr. Infatuating ; making sottish or foolish. BE-SOUGHT', (besawf) pp. of beseech. Entreated ; im- plored ; sought by entreaty. BE-SPAN'GLE, v. t. To adorn with spangles; to dot or sprinkle with something brilliant. BE-SPAN'GLED, pp. Adorned with spangles or something shining. BE-SPAN'GLING, ppr. Adorning with spangles or glitter- ing objects. BE-SPAT'TER, v. t. 1. To soil by spattering ; to sprinkle with water, or with dirt and water. 2. To asperse with calumny or reproach. Swift. BE-SPAT'TERED, pp. Spattered over ; soiled with dirt and water ; aspersed ; calumniated. BE-SPAT'TER-ING, ppr. Spattering with water; soiling with dirt and water ; aspersing. BE-SPAWL', V. t. To soil or make foul with spittle. Mil- ton. BE-SPeAK', V. t. pret. bespoke ; pp. bespoke, bespoken. 1. To speak for beforehand ; to order or engage against a fu- ture time. 2. To forebode ; to foretell. 3. To speak to ; to address. This sense is mostly poetical. 4 To beto- ken ; to show ; to indicate by external marks or appear- ances. BE-SPeAK'ER, 71. One who bespeaks. * See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, tj, Y, long.—FAR, F^LL, WH^T j— PREY ;— PIN, MARiNE, BiRD ; BES 85 BET BE-SPeAK'TNG, ppr. Speaking for or ordering beforehand ; foreboding ; addressing ; showing •, indicating. BFi-SPEAK'[NG, n. A previous speaking or discourse, by way of apology, or to engage favor. BE-SPE€'KLE, v. t. To mark with speckles or spots. BE-SPlCE', V. t. To season with spices. Shak. \ BE-SPiRT', or f BE-SPURT', v. t. To spurt out, or over ; to throw out in a stream or streams. BE-SPIT', V. t. pret. bespit ; pp. bespit, bespitten. To daub or soil with spittle. BE-SPoKE', pret. and pp. of bespeak. BE-SPOT', V. t. To mark with spots. Mortimer. BE-SPOT'TED, pp. Marked with spots. BE-SPOT'TING, ppr. Marking with spots. BE-SPREAD', (be-spred') v. t. pret. and pp. bespread. To spread over •, to cover over. fBE-SPRENT', part. Ber;prinlded. BE-SPRIN'KLE, v. t. To sprinkle over ; to scatter over ; as, to besprinkle with dust. BE-SPRIN'KLED, pp. Sprinkled over. BE-SPRIN KLER, n. One that sprinkles over. BE-SPRIN'KLING, ppr. Sprinkling over. t BE-SPUT TER, v. t. To sputter over. BEST, a. superlative. [Sax. 6est.] Lit eralhj, most advanced. Hence, 1. Most good ; having good qualities in the high- est degree. 2. Most advanced ; most accurate ; as, the best scholar. 3. Most correct or complete. 4. The best. This phrase is elliptical, and may be variously interpret- ed ; as, the utmost power ; the strongest endeavor ; the most, the highest perfection ; as, let a man do his best. 5. At best, in the best manner ; in the utmost degree or extent. — To make the best of, to carry to its greatest per- fection. BEST, adv. 1. In the highest degree ; beyond all others ; as, to love one best. 2. To the most advantage ; with the most ease. 3, With most profit or success. 4. Most inti- mately or particularly ; most correctly. BEST-TEM'PERED, a. Having the most kind or mild tem- per. BE-STAIN', V. t. To mark with stains ; to discolor, either the whole surface of a thing, or in spots. BE-STEAD', (be-sted') v. t. pret. and pp. bested. 1. To profit. Milton. 2. To accommodate. 3. To dispose. Spenser. * BES'TIAL, a. 1. Belonging to a beast, or to the class of beasts. 2. Having the qualities of a beast •, brutal ; below the dignitv of reason or humanity ; carnal. BES-TIAL i-TY, n. 1. The quality of beasts. 2. Unnatural connection with a beast. BES'TIAL-rZE, v. t. To make like a beast. BES TIAL-LY, adv. Brutally ; in a manner below hu- manity. t BES'TIATE, V. t. To make like a beast 5 to bestialize. BE-STICK', v. t. pret. and pp. bestuck. To stick over, as with sharp points. BE-STiR', V. t. To put into brisk or vigorous action ; to move with life and vigor. BE-STiR'RED, (be-sturd') pp. Roused Into vigorous action ; quickened in action. BE-STiR'RING, ppr. Moving briskly ; putting into vigor- ous action. t BEST'NESS, n. The state of being best. Morton. t BE-STORM', V. i. To storm 5 to rage. Yoiing. BE-SToW, V. t. 1. To give ; to confer ; to impart. 2. To give in marriage ; to dispose of. 3. To apply ; to place for the purpose of exertion, or use. 4. To lay out, or dis- pose of 5 to give in payment for. 5. To lay up in store ; to deposit for safe-keeping ; to stow ; to place. BE-SToWAL, 71. A conferring ; disposal. [Little used.] BE-SToW'ED, (be-stode') pp. Given gratuitously ; confer- red ; laid out ; applied ; deposited for safe-keeping. BE-SToW'ER, 71. One who bestows ; a giver ; a dis- poser. BE-SToW'ING, ppr. Conferring gratuitously ; laying out ; applying ; deoositing in store. RE-SToW'MENT, n. 1, The act of giving gratuitously ; a conferring. Edwards. 2. That which is conferred, or piven ; donation. Thodey. BE-STRAD'DLE, v. t. To bestride. fBE-STR AUGHT', a. Distracted ; mad Shak. * BE-STREW, V. t. pret. bestrewed ; pp. bestrewed, be- strown. To scatter over ; to besprinkle : to strow. BE-STREW'ED, pp. of bestrew. BE-STRlDE', V. t. pret. bestrid ; pp. bestrid, bestridden. 1. To stride over ; to stand or sit with any thing b'-tween the legs, or with the legs extended across. 2. To step over. BE-STRID'TNG, jypr. Extending the legs over any thing, so as to include it between them. BE-STRoWN', pp. of bestrew. Sprinkled over. BE-STUCK', pp. ofbestick. Pierced in various places with sharp points. BE-STUD', V. t. To set with studs ; to adorn with bosses. BE-STUD'DED,^;;. Adorned with studs. BE-STUD'DING, ppr. Setting with studs ; adorning as with bosses. BE-SURE', adv. Certainly. Lothrop. \A vulgarism.'] t BE-SWIKE', (be-swik') V. t. [Sax. ieswican.] To allure Gower. BET, n. [Sax. bad.] A wager ; that which is laid, staked or pledged in a contest. BET, V. t. To lay a bet ; to lay a wager. BET, the old participle of beat, is obsolete or vulgar. BE-TaKE', v.t. pret. betook j pp. betaken. [Sax. betcecan.] 1. To take to ; to have recourse to j to apply ; to resort ; with the reciprocal pronoun. 2. Formerly, to take or seize. [Obs.] Spenser. BE-TaK'EN, part, of betake. BE-TAK'lNG,ppr. Having recourse to ; applying ; resorting tBE-TAUGHT', jpre^ of betake. Chancer. t BE-TEEM', V. t. To bring forth ; to produce : to shed ; to bestow Shak. Be'TEL, or Be'TLE, n. A species of pepper, the leaves of which are chewed by the inhabitants of the East Indies. BE-THINK', v. t. pret. and pp. bethought. To call to mind 5 to recall or bring to recollection, reflection, or considera- tion . BE-THINK', V. i. To have in recollection ;' to consider. BETH'LE-HEM, n. [Heb. the house of food or bread.] 1. A town in Judea, about six miles south-east of Jerusalem, famous for its being the place of Clirist's nativity. 2. A hospital for lunatics ; corrupted into bedlam. BETH'LEM-lTE, n. 1. An inhabitant of Bethlehem ; a lu- natic— 2. In church history, the Bethlemites were a sort of monks. BE-THOUGHT', (be-thawf) pret. and pp. of bethink. BE-THRALL', v. t. To enslave ; to reduce to bondage ; t© bring iiito subjection. [Little used.] BE-THUMP', V. t. To beat soundly. [Little used.] BE-TlDE', V. t. pret. betid, or betided ; pp. betid, [be and tide J Sax. tidan.] To happen •, to befall ; to come to. BE-TlDE', V. i. To come to pass ; to happen. BE-TjME', ) adv. [be and time, that is, by the time.] 1. BE-TiMES', \ Seasonably ; in good season or time ; be- fore it is late^ 2. Soon ; in a short time. BE'TLE, or Be'TRE, n. A plant, called water-pepper. See Betel. BE-To'KEN, ^be-to'kn) v. t. [Sax. betcecan.] 1. To signify by some visible object ; to show by signs. 2. To foreshow by pjesent signs. BE-To'KENED, 2?;7. Foreshown ; previously indicated. BE-To'KEN-ING , ppr. Indicating by previous signs. BET'O-NY, 71. [li. betonica.] A genus of plants, of several species. BE-TOOK', pret. of betake. BE-t6rN', a. Torn in pieces. BE-TOSS', V. t. To toss ; to agitate ; to disturb ; to put in violent motion. Shak. f BE-TRAP', v. t. To entrap ; to ensnare. Occleve. JbE-TRaY', v. t. [Betray seems to be a compound of 6e and dragan, to draw.] 1. To deliver into the hands of an en- emy by treachery or fraud. 2. To violate by fraud or unfaithfulne'^s. 3. To violate confidence by disclosing a secret. 4. To disclose, or permit to appear, what is in- tended to be kept secret, or what prudence would con- ceal. 5. To mislead or expose to inconvenience net fore- seen. G. To show ; to discover ; to indicate what is not obvious at first view, or would otherwise be concealed. 7. To fail, or deceive. BE-TRaY'ED, (be-trade') pp. Delivered up in breach of trust; violated by unfaithfulness ; exposed by breach of confidence ; disclosed contrary to expectation or inten- tion ; made knovi^n ; discovered. BE-TRaY'ER, n. One who betrays ; a traitor. BE-TRaY'ING, ppr. Delivering up treacherously ; violat- ing confidence ; disclosing contrary to iritention ; expos- ing ; discovering. BE-TRIM', v. t. To deck ; to dress ; to adorn ; to grace ; to embellish ; to beautify ; to decorate. BE-TRIM'MED, (be-trimd ) pp. Adorned ; decorated. BE-TRIM'MING, ppr. Decking; adorning; embellishing. BE-TROTH', v.t. 1. To contract to any one, in order to a future marriage ; to promise or pledge one to be the future spouse of another ; to affiance. 2. To contract with one for a future spouse ; to espouse. 3. To nominate to a bislj- opric, in order to consecration. BE-TROTH'ED, (be-trothf) pp. Contracted for future mar- riage. BE-TROTH'ING, ppr. Contracting to any one, in order to a future marriage, as the father or guardian ; contracting with one for a future wife, as the intended husband ; espousing. BE-TIIOTH'MENT, n. A mutual promise or contract be- tween two parties, for a future marriage between the per sons betrothed ; espousals. BE-TRUST', v. t. To intrust ; to commit to another in con fidence of fidelity ; to confide. BE-TRUST'EDjPjP. Intrusted; confided ; committed in trust . ■■ Sfif Synovsis M<^VE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE ~€ as K ; (^ d« J : f« as Z ; CH as SH ; THas in this t Obsolete BEW 86 BIA BE-TRUST'INGjppr. Intrusting • committing in trust. BE-TRUST'MENT, n. The act of intmsting •, the thing in- trusted, BET'SO, 71. The smallest Venetian coin. Mason. fBETT, adv. [Sax. bet.] Tlie old English word for better. Chaucer. BET'TER, a. comp. [Sax. het, more, better ; beterc, betera, better.] 1. Having good qualities in a greater degree than another : applied to physical, acquired or moral qualities. 2. More advantageous. 3. More acceptable. 4. More safe. 5. Improved in health ; less affected with disease. — 6. To be better off, to be in a better condition. — 7. To have the better, is to have tlie advantage or superi- ority. — 8. To get or gain the better, is to obtoin the ad- vantage, superiority or victory. — 9. For the better, is for the advantage or irsiprovement. BET'TER, adv. 1. In a more excellent manner •, with more skill and wisdom, virtue, advantage or success. 2. More correctly, or fully. 3. With superior excellence. 4. Vv^ith more affection ; in a higher degree. BET'TER, V. t. [Sax. beterian, betrian.] I. To improve ; to meliorate ; to increase the good qualities of. 2. To surpass ; to exceed. 3. To advance ; to support ; to give advantage to. BETTER, n. A superior ; one who has a claim to prece- dence on account of his rank, age, or office. BETTERED, pp. Improved ; meliorated ; made better. BET'TER-ING, ppr. Making better ; improving. BET'TER-ING-HOUSE, n. A house for the reformation of offenders. BET'TER-MENT, n. Improvement. TV. Montague. BET'TER-NESS, n. Superiority. Tooker. BET'TING, n. Proposing a wager. Sherwood. BET'TOR, n. One who bets or lays a wager. BET'TY, n. An instrument to break open doors. BE-TUM BLED, a. Rolled about ; tumbled ; disordered. BE-TWAT'TLED, a. Confounded ; overpowered ; stupe- fied. BE-TWEEN', prep. [Sax. betweonan, beticynan.] 1. In the intermediate space, without regard to distance. 2. From one to another ; passing from one to another, noting ex- change of actions or intercourse. 3. Belonging to two or more, in common or partnership. 4. Having mutual re- lation to two or more. 5. Noting difference, or discrimina- tion of one from another. BE-TWIXT', prep. [Sax. betwyx, betwyxt.} 1. Between •, in the space that separates two persons or things. 2. Passing between ; from one to another, noting inter- course. BEVEL, n. [Fr. Miveau.'] 1. Among masons, carpenters, joiners. Sec, an instrument, or kind of square, one leg of which is frequently crooked, according to the sweep of an arcli or vault. It is movable on a point or centre, and so may be set to any angle. An angle that is not square is called a bevel angle, whether obtuse or acute. 2. A curve, or inclination of a surface from a right line. BEV'EL, a. Crooked ; awry ; oblique. Bailey. BEVEL, V. t. To cut to a bevel angle. Mozon. BEVEL, v.i. To curve ; to incline towards a point, or from a direct line. BEVELED, pp. Formed to a bevel angle. Kirioan. BEVEL-ING, ppr. Forming to a bevel angle. BEVEL-ING, a. Curving ; bending from a right line. BEVEL-ING, n. 1. A hewing of timber with a proper and regular curve, according to a mold laid on one side of its surface. 2. The curve or bevel of timber. BEVEL-MENT, n. In mineralop-y, bevelment supposes the removal of two contiguous segments from the edges, an- gles or terminal faces of the predominant form, thereby producing two new faces, inclined to each other at a cer- tain angle, and forming an edge. Cleaveland. Be'VER. See Beaver. fBEVER, 71. [It. bevere.] A small repast between meals. JBEVER, V. i. To take a small repast between meals. BEVER-A6E, n. [It. beveraggio.] 1. Drink ; liquor for drinking. It is generally used of a mixed liquor. 2. A treat on wearing a new suit of clothes ; a treat on first coming into prison •, a garnish.— 3. In England, water- cider, a mixture of cider and water. BEVILE, 71. In heraldry, a thing broken or opening, like a carpenter's bevel. BEVY, 71. A flock of birds ; hence, a company ; an assem- bly or collection of persons ; usually applied to females. BE-WaIL , V. t. To bemoan ■, to lament ; to express sorrow for. BE-WaIL', V. i. To express grief. Shak. BE-WaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented. BE-WaILED, (be-wald') pp. Lamented; bemoaned. BE-WaIL ER, n. One who laments or bewails. Ward. BE-WaILING, ppr. Lamenting; bemoaning; expressing grief for. BE-WaILTNG, 7?. Lamentation. Raleigh. t BE-WaKE', V. t. To keep awake. Ooioer. BE-WaRE', v.i. [Sax. beicerian, beujuriav, gemarian.] Lit- erally, to restrain or guard one's self from. Hence, to re- gard with caution ; to avoid ; to take care. BE-WEEP', V. t. To weep over ; to bedew with tears. Shah. {Little used.'] BE- WEEP', V. i. To make lamentation. [Little used,] BE- WEPT', pp. Wept over ; bedewed with tears. ILittle used.] t BE-WET', v. t. To wet ; to moisten. BE-WHoRE', v. t. To corrupt with regard to chastity. Beaiuii. and Fletcher. To pronounce a whore. Shak. BE-WIL'DER, v.t. [Dan.forvilder, vilder ; D. verwilderen.] To lead into perplexity or confusion ; to lose in pathless places ; to perplex with mazes. BE-WIL'DERED, pp. Lost in mazes ; perplexed with dis- order, confusion, or intricacy. BE-WIL'DER-ING, ppr. Losing in a pathless place ; per- plexing with confusion or intricacy. t BE-WIN'TER, v. t. To make like winter. BE-WITCH', v. t. 1. To fascinate ; to gain an ascendancy over by charms or incantation. 2. To charm ; to fasci- nate ; to please to such a degree as to take away the pow- er of resistance. 3. To deceive and mislead by juggling tricks or imposture. BE-W[TCH'ED, (be-wichf) pp. Fascinated; charmed. BE-W^ITCH'ED-NESS, n. State of being bewitciied. Bp Oauden. BE-WITCH'ER, n. One that bewitches or fascinates. BE-WITCH'ER-Y, n. Fascination ; charm ; resistless pow er of any thing that pleases. BE-W^ITCH'FUL, a. Alluring ; fascinating. BE-WITCH'ING, ppr. Fascinating ; charming. BE-WITCH'ING, a. That has power to bewitch or las cinate ; that has power to control by the arts of pleasing BE-WITCH'ING-LY, adv. In a fascinating manner. BE-WITCH'MENT, 7!. Fascination ; power of charming t BE-W6N'DERED, a. Amazed. Fairfax. BE-WRAP', (be-rap') v. t. To wrap up. BE-WRaY', (be-ra') v. t. [Sax. wrecan, to tell ; awreon onwreon, to reveal.] To disclose perfidiously ; to betray to show or make visible. [T?iis word is nearly anti- quated.] BE-WRaY'ED, (be-rade') pp. Disclosed ; indicated ; be trayed ; exposed to view. BE-WRaY'ER, n. A divulger of secrets ; a discoverer. BE-WR A r'ING, ppr. Disclosing; making known or visi ble. t BE- WRECK', (be-rek') v.t. To ruin ; to destroy. t BE-WROUGHT', (be-rawf) a. Worked. Ben Jonson. BEY, (ba) 71. In the Turkish dnminions, a governor of a. town or particular district of country ; also, in some places, a prince ; the same as the Arabic beg. See Beg. BE-YOND', prep. [Sax. begeond, begeovdan.] I. On the further side of; on the side most distant, at any indefinite distance from that side. 2. Before ; at a place not yet reached. Pope. 3. Past; out of reach of; further than any given limit. 4. Above ; in a degree exceeding or surpassing ; proceeding to a greater degree. — To go be- yond is a phrase which expresses an excess in some action or scheme ; to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in any thing else ; hence, in a bad sense, to deceive or circum- vent. BE-YOND', adv. At a distance ; yonder. Spenser. BEZ'AN, 71. A cotton cloth from Bengal, white or striped BE-ZANT', 7i. A gold coin of Byzantium. See Btzant BE-ZANT'LER, 7?. [from an^Zer.] The branch of a deer's horn, next above the brow antler. BEZ'EL, 7?,. [Sw. betzel, a rein.] The upper part of the coJ- let of a ring, which encompasses and fastens the stone. BE'ZoAR, 7(. [Pers.] T. An antidote ; a general name for certain animal substances supposed to be efiicacious in preventing the fatal effects of poison. Bezoar is a calca- rious concretion found in the stomach of certain ruminan animals. — 2. In a mare general sense, Rny substance form- ed, stratum upon stratum, in the stomach or intestines of animals. — Fossil-bezoar is a figured stone, formed, like the animal bezoar, with several coats round some extraneous body, which serves as a nucleus ; found chiefly in Sicily, in sand and clay pits. — Bezoar-mineral. An oxyd of anti- mony. BEZ-0-aR'D1C, a. Pertaining to or compounded of bezoar BEZ-O-AR'DIC, n. A medicine compounded with bezoar. BEZ-0-AR'TI-CAL, a. Having the qualities of an antidote BEZ'O-LA, 7^. A fish of the truttaceous kind. t BEZ'ZLE, V. t. To waste in riot. BHU-CHAMP'AC, n. A beautiful plant of India BI'A, n. In commerce, a small shell called a coivri', much valued in the East Indies. BT-AN'GU-LATE, ^ a. [L. bis and angulus.] Having Bl-AN'GU-LA-TED, > two angles or corners. [Little Bl-AN'GU-LOUS, > iised.] - BI-ARM'I-AN, a. Noting a race of Finns in Perme Bl'AS, 71. [Arm. bihays, or vies ; Fr. biais.] 1. A weight on the side of a bowl, which turns it from a straight line. 9. A leaning of the mind ; inclination ; prepossession ; * See Synop^s. A, E, T, O, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— FiN, P.IARiNE, BiRD ; t Obsolete BID 87 BIG propensity towards an object. 3. That which causes the mind to lean or incline from a state of indifference to a particular object or course. Bl AS, V. t To incline to one side ; to warp ; to give a par- ticular direction to the mind •, to prejudice ; to prepos- tBi'AS-DRAW-ING, 71. Partiality. Shak. Bl'ASED, pp. Inclined from a right line ; warped ; preju- diced. Bi'AS-ING, ppr. Giving a bias, particular direction, or pro- pensity ; warping ; prejudicing. t BI' AS-NESS, n. Inclination to some side BIB, n. 1. A small piece of linen, or other cloth, worn by children over the breast. 2. A fish about a foot in length, the back of a light olive, the sides yellow, and the belly white. BIB, V. i [L. bibo.] To sip ; to tipple ; to drink frequently. JLittle used.] Locke. Bi-Ba€IOUS, a. [L. bibax.] Addicted to drinking ; dis- posed to imbibe. t Bi-BAC'I-TY, 71. The quality of drinking much. BIBBER, 11. A tippler ; a man given to drinking ; chiefly used in composition ; as, winebibber. BIB BLE-BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk ; prating to no purpose. Shak. [A low word, and not used ] BIB'T-O, n. A name of the wine fly, a small insect. BIBLE, n. [Gr. ^i(3\iov, j3i(3Xog, a book.] THE BOOK, by way of eminence ; the sacred volume, in which are con- tained the revelations of God. BIB LER, 71. A tipler ; a great drinker. BIBLI-€AL, a. Pertaining to tlie Bible. BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. /3t/3Xof and ypa(pu).] One who composes or compiles the history of books ; one skilled in literary history ; a transcriber. BIB-LI-0-GRAPH'I€, / a. Pertaining to the history of BIB-LI-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, ^ books. BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHY, n. A history or description of books ; the perusal of books, and manuscripts, with notices of the different editions, the times when they were printed, and other infoiTOation tending to illustrate the history of liter- ature. BIB'LI-0-LITE, n. [Gr. ^i^Xiov and \tdos.] Bookstone. BIB-LI-OM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. ^i^Xos and ixavreta.] A kind of divination, performed by means of the Bible, consist- ing in selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and drawing from them indications concerning things future. Southey. BIB-LI-o-Ma'NI-A, n. [Gr. (3i0\iov and ixavia.] Book-mad- ness ; a rage for possessing rare and curious books. BIB-LI-0-Ma'NI-A€, n. One who has a rage for books. BIB-LI-OP'0-L_S'x'. 7i. [Gr. j3i(i\iov and ttwXew.] A book- seller. BIB-LI-0-THe'-€AL, a. [L. bibliotheca.] Belonging to a library. BIB-LI-0TH'E-€A-RY, n. A librarian. Hall. BIB-LI-0-TIlEKE', n. A library. Bale. BIB'LIST, n. 1. With the Romanists, one who makes the Scriptures the sole rule of faith. 2. One who is conver- sant with the Bible. BI-BRA€'TE-ATE, a. Doubly bracteate. Eaton. BIB'Q-LOUS, a. [L. bibulus.] Spungy ; that has the quahty of imbibing fluids or moisture. Bl-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [L. bis and capsida.] In botany, hav- ing two capsules containing seeds, to eacli flower. Bi-€aR'BO-NATE, n. Supercarbonate ; a carbonate con- taining two primes of carbonic acid. Bl-€AU'DA, n. A fish of the sword-fish kind. BICE, or BISE, n. Among painters, a blue color. Bl-CIP'I-TAL, ) a. [L. biceps and caput.] Having two Bl-CIP'I-TOUS, ^ heads, Applied to the muscles, it signi- fies having two heads or origins ; and any such muscle i.« denominated biceps. BieiC'ER, V. i. [W. bicra ; Scot, bicker.] 1. To skirrrjj. Disappointed; deceived; defrauded. BILK'ING, ppr. Frustrating ; defrauding. BILL, n. [Sax. bile.] 1. The beak of a fowl. 2. An in- strument used by plumbers, basket-makere, and garden- ers, made in the form of a crescent, and fitted with a handle. BILL, n. [Sax. bil.] A pick-axe, or mattock ; a battle-axe. BILL, ?i. [Norm. ftiZZe.] 1. In Za?fl, a declaration, in writing, expressing some wrong or fault.— 2. In law, and in covi- rnerce, in England, an obligation or security given for money, but without forfeiture for non-payment. 3, A form or draft of a law, presented to a legislature, but not enacted. 4. An advertisement posted. 5. Any written paper, containing a statement of particulars, or amount of goods sold. 6. A bill of exchange is an order drawn on a person, requesting him to pay money to some person assigned by the drawer. 7. A bill of entry is a written account of goods entered at the custom house. 8. A bill of Lading is a written account of goods shipped by any person . 9. A bill of mortality is an account of the num- ber of deaths in a place, in a given time. 10. Bank-hill. [See Baxsk.] 11. A bill ef rights is a nummary of rights and privileges claimed by a peopiC. 12. A bill of di- vorce, in the Jewish law, was a writing inch or pain, as with cold. 3. To reproach with sarcasm ; to treat with severity by words or writing. 4. To pierce, cut, or wound. 5. To make to smart. 6. To cheat ; to trick. Pope. 7. To enter the ground, and hold fast, as the bill and palm of an anchor. BITE, n. 1. The seizure of any thing by the teeth of an an- imal. 2. The wound made by the teeth. 3, A morsel ; a mouthful. 4. A cheat; a trick; a fraud. [.£ loio word.] J.. A sharper ; one who cheats. BiT'ER, n. 1. One who bites ; that which bites ; a fish apt to take bait. 2. One who cheats or defrauds. BI-TERN'ATE, a. [L. bis and ternus.] In botany, doubly ternate. BlT'ING, ppr. Seizing, wounding, or crushing with the teeth ; pinching, paining, causing to smart with cold ; re- proaching with severity , or treating sarcastically ; cheat- ing. BlT'ING, a. Sharp ; severe ; sarcastic. BiT'ING-LY, adv. In a sarcastic or jeering manner. PIT'LESS, a. Not having a bit or bridle. Fanshaw. E^T'MOUTH, n. The bit, or that part of a bridle wlych is put in a horse's mouth. BIT'TA-€LE, n. The box for the compasses and lights on board a ship. See Binnacle. BTT'TEN, (bit'tn) pp. of bite. Seized or wounded by the BIT'Te'r, a. [Sax. biter.] 1. Sharp or biting to the taste ; acrid ; like wormwood. 2. Sharp ; cruel ; severe ; as, hitter enmity. Heb. i. 3. Sharp, as words ; reproachful ; sarcastic. 4. Sharp to the feeling ; pierchig ; painful ; that makes to smart. 5. Painful to the mind ; calami- tous ; poignant. 6. Afflicted ; distressed. 7. Hurtful ; very sinful. 8. Mournful ; distressing ; expressive of misery. BIT'TER, n. A substance that is bitter. See Bitters. BIT'TER, n. In marine language, a turn of the cable which is round the bitts. f BIT'TER-FUL, a. Full of bitterness. BIT'TER-GoURD, n. A plant, a species of cucumis. BIT'TER-ISH, a. Somewhat bitter ; bitter in a moderate degree. Goldsmith. BIT'TER-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being moderately bitter. Encyc. BIT'TER-LY, adv. 1. With a bitter taste. 2. In a severe manner ; in a manner expressing poignant grief. 3. In a manner severely reproachful ; sharply ; severely ; an- grily. BIT'TERN, n. [D.butoor.] A fowl of the ^mHic order, the ard".a stellaris. It has long legs and neck, and stalks among reeJs and sedge, feeding upon fish. BIT'TERN, n. [from bitter.] In salt works, the brine re- maining after the salt is concreted. BIT'TER- NESS, n. 1. A bitter taste ; or rather a quality in things which excites a biting, disagreeable sensation in the tongue. 2. In a j^^wratitje sense, extreme enmity, grudge, hatred. 3. Sharpness ; severity of temper. 4. Keenness of reproach ; piquancy ; biting sarcasm. 5. Keen sor- row ; painful affliction ; vexation ; deep distress of mind. BIT'TERS, n. A liquor in which bitter herbs or roots are steeped. BIT'TER-SALT, n. Epsom salt. lUT'TER-SPAR, n. Rhombspar, a mineral. BlT'TER-SWEET, n. A species of solanum, a slender, climbing plant. Encye. BIT'TER-VETCH, n. 1. A species of ervuvi, or lentil, cul- tivated for fodder. 2 A genus of plants, known by the generic name orobus. BIT'TER- VV6RT, n. The plant called gentian. BIT'TOUR, or BIT'TOR, n. The bittern. Dryden. BITTS, n. plu. A frame of two strong pieces of timber fixed perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on which to fas- ten the cables, wnen she rides at anchor. BITT, V. t. To put round the bitts ; as, to bitt the cable. BI-TtfME', '«. Bitumen, so written for the sake of the rhj'^me. May. BI-TuM'ED, a. Smeared with pitch. Shak. *BIT'U-MEN, ) ?!, [L.] This name is used to denote va- * BI-Tu'MEN, \ rious inflammable substances, of a strong smell, and of different consistencies, which are found in theearth. BI-Tu'MI-NATE, v. t. To impregnate with bitumen. BI-Tu'MI-NA-TED, a. Impregnated with bitumen. BI-TU-MI-N_lF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bitumen. Kirwan. BI-Tu'MI-NiZE, V. t. To form into, or impregnate with bitumen. Lit. Mag. BI-Tu'MI-NOUS, a. Having the qualities of bitumen ; compounded with bitumen ; containing bitumen. Bi'VALVE, n. An animal having two valves, or a shell consisting of two parts, which open and shut. Bi'VALVE, BI-VALV'U-LAR, or Bl-VALV'OUS, a. Hav- ing two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oys- ter, and the seed cases of certain plants. Bl-VAULT'ED, a. [L. bis, and vault.] Having two vaults or arches. Barlow. Bl-VENT'RAL, a. [L. bis and venter.] Having two bellies. Bailey. BIV'I-OUS, a. [L. bivius.] Having two ways, or leading two ways. BIVOUAC, (biv'wak) n. [Fr.] The guard or watch of a whole army, as in cases of great danger of surprise or at- tack. BIVOUAC, (biv'wak) v. t. To watch, or be on guard, as a whole army. BIX'WoRT, n. A plant. BIZANTINE. See Byzantine. BLAB, tj. i. {W.llavaru.] 1. To utter or tell in a thought- less manner ; to publish secrets or trifles without discre- tion. 2. To tell or utter ; in a good sense. Shak. BLAB, V. i. To tattle ; to tell tales. Shak. BLAB, n. A babbler ; a telltale ; one who betrays secrets. BLAB'BER, n. A tattler ; a telltale. t BLAB'BER, v. i. 1. To whistle to a horse. 2. To falter ; to fib. BLAB'BER-LIPPED. See Blobber-lipped. BLAB'BING, ppr. Telling indiscreetly what ought to be concealed ; tattling. BLACK, a. [Sax. 6Zac, and &Z(ec.] I. Of the color of night ; destitute of light ; dark. 2. Darkened by clouds. 3. Sul- len ; having a cloudy looker countenance. 4. Atrocious- ly wicked •, horrible. 5. Dismal ; mournful ; calamitous. — Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue. BLACK, n. 1. That whicli is destitute of light or white- ness ; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color. 2. A negro ; a person whose skin is black. 3. A black dress, or mourning. BLACK, V. t. To make black ; to blacken ; to soil. BLACK' ACT, n. The English statute, 9 Geo. I., which makes it felony to appear armed in any park or warren, &c., or to hunt or steal deer, &c., with the face blacked, or disguised^ BLACK' A-MoOR, n. A man by nature of a black complex- ion. Locke. BLACK '-BALL, n. A composition for blacking shoes. BLACK'-BALL, v. t. To reject or negative in choosing, by putting black balls into a ballot-box. BLACK'BAR, n. A plea obliguig the plaintiff to assign the place of trespass. BLACK'-BER-RIED-HeATH, n. A plant. BLACK'-BER-RY, n. [Sax. blacberian.] The berry of the briimible, or rubus. BLACK'-BiRD, n. A species of bird ; a singing bh-d with a fine note. BLA€K'-BOOK, n. 1. The Black-Book of the exchequer in England, composed in 1175. 2. Any book which treats of necromancy. 3. A book compiled by order of the visitors of monasteries, under Henry VIII., containing a detailed account of the enormities practised in religious houses, to blacken them, and to hasten their dissolution. BLACK'-BROWED, a. Having black eye-brows ; gloomy; dismal ; threatening. BLACK'-BRY'O-NY, n. A plant ; the tamus. BLACK'-CAP, w. 1. A bird, the mock-nightingale. 2. In cookery, an apple roasted till black. BLACK '-CAT-TLE, n. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, oxen, and cows. [EnglisJi.] BLACK-CHALK, (black'chawk) n. A mineral of a bluish- black color' ; a variety of argillaceous slate. See Synopsis A, K, I, O, V, ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR^Y ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. BLA 91 BLA l}LACK'-€OeK, n. A fowl, called also black-grous and hlacl:-game. BLACK'-isA-GLE, n. In Scotland, a name given to the falco fulcus. BLACK EARTH, n. Mold ; earth of a dark color. BLA€K'ED, (blakt) pp. Made black ; soiled. BLACKEN, (blak'kn) v. t. [Sax. blmcan.^ 1. To make black. Franklin. 2. To make dark ; to darken ; to cloud. 3. To soil. 4. To sully reputation ; to make in- famous. BLA€K EN, v. i. To grow black, or dark. BLACKEN-ER, n. He that blackens. BLA€K'-EyED, a. Having black eyes. BLA€K'-FACED, a. Having a black face. BLA€K'-FISH, n. 1. A fish in the Orontes. 2. A fish caught on the rocky shores of New-England. BLACK '-FOR-EST, n. A forest in Germany. BLA€K'-FRi-AR, 71. A name given to the Dominican or- der, called also preaching friars. BLA€K'-GUARD, n. A vulgar term applied to a mean fel- low, who uses abusive, scurrilous language, or treats oth- ers with foul abuse. BLACK'ING, ppr. Making black, BLACK 'TNG, n, A substance used for blacking shoes ; any factitious matter for making things black. BLACK'ISH, a. Somewhat black ; moderately black or dark. BLACK'-JACK, n, 1. A name given by miners to blend. 2. A leathern cup of old times. BLACK'-LEAD, n. A mineral of a dark steel-gray color, called plumbago. BLACK'-LEGS, n. In some parts of England, a disease among calves and sheep. BLACK'LY, adv. Darkly ; atrociously. BLACK'-MAIL, n. 1. A certain rate anciently paid, in the north of England, to certain men, who we're allied to robbers, to be by them protected from pillage. 2. Black- rent, or rents paid in corn or flesh. BLACK'-M6N-DAY, n. Easter Monday, in 34 Ed. III., which was misty, obscure, and so cold that men died on horseback. Stowc. BLACK'-MoNKS. A name given to the Benedictines. BLACK'-MOOR, n. A negro ; a black man. BLACK'-MOUTHED, a. Using foul or scurrilous language. KilliJigbeck. BLACK 'NESS, n. The quality of being black ; black color ; darkness •, atrociousness or enormity in wickedness. t BLACK'-PeO-PLED, a. Having people of a black color. BLACK'-PUD-DING, n. A kind of food made of blood and grain. BLACK'-ROD, n. [black and rod.] . In England, the usher belonging to the order of the garter ; so called from the black rod which he carries. He is of the king's chamber, and usher of parliament. BLACK'-SEA, n. The Euxine sea. BLACK'-SHEEP, n. In oriental history, the ensign or standard of a race of Turkmans. BLACK'-SMITH, n. A smith who works in iron, and makes iron utensils ; more properly an iron-smith. BLACK'-TAIL, n. A fish, a kind of perch. BLACK'-THORN, n. A species of prunus, called also sloe. BLACK'-TIN, ?t. Tin ore, when dressed, stamped, and washed, ready for melting. BLACK'-VIS-AGED. a. Having a dark visage. BLACK'-WADD, n. An ore of manganese. BLACK'-WoRK, n. Iron wrought by black-smiths. BLAD'-AP-PLE, 71. In botany, a species of cactus. BLAD'DER, ??. [Sax. blaidr,' blccdra, bleddra.] 1. A thin, membranous bag in animals, which serves as the recepta- cle of some secreted fluid, as the urinary bladder, the gall bladder, &c. By way of erninence, the word, in common language, denotes the urinary bladder. 2. Any vesicle, blister, or pustule, especially if filled with air, or a thin, watery liquor. 3. In 6o£an?/, a distended, membranaceous pericarp. ..V-] "The art or practice of writing in short hand ; stenography. BRA-€HYL'0-6Y, M. [Gr. /?/ja;^;yj and Xoyoj.] Jn rhetoric, the expressing of anything in the most concise manner. BRACK, n. fG. bruch ] An opening caused by the parting ot any soua oody 5 a breach 5 a broken part. BRACK'EN, n. Fern. See Brakb BRACK'ET, n. [Fr. braquer.] 1. Among workers in tiTK' ber, an angular wooden stay, in form of the knee bent, to support shelves, scaffolds, and the like. 2. The cheek of a mortar carriage, made of strong plank. — 3. In printing, hooks ; thus, [J. BRACK'ISH, a. [D. brak.] Salt, or salt in a moderate de- gree 5 it is apphed to any water partially saturated with salt. BRACK'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being brackish ; salt- ness in a small degree. Cheyne. t BRACK'Y, a. Brackish. BRAC'TE-A, or BRAC-TE, n. [L.] In botany, a. fioial leaf, one of the seven fulcrums or props of plants. BRAC'TE-ATE, a. Furnished with bractes. BilAC'TED, a. Furnished with bractes. Martyn. BRAC'l'E-OLE, n. A little bracte. De Candolle. BRA€'TE-0-LATE, a. Furnished with bracteoles. BRAD, in Sax., is broad, and occurs in names ; as in Brad' ford, broadford. BRAD,?;. [Arm. bro-ud.} A kind of nail, without a broad head, used in tlooi-s and otlier work. BRAD'Y-PUS, n. The sloth, which see. BRAG, V. i. [W, bragiaw.] To boast ; to display one's aC' tions, merits, or advantages ostentatiously 5 to tell boast- ful stories. [A loin word.] BRAG, n. A boast, or boas'iing ; ostentatious verbal display of one's deeds, or advantages ; the thing boasted. BRAG, n. A game at cards. Chesterfield. BRAG-GA-Do'CIO, 71. A puffing, boasting fellow. t BRAG'GARD-ISE, n. Gloriation ; a bragging. BRAG'GARD-ISM, n. Boastfulness ; vain ostentation BRAG'GART, n. A boaster ; a vain felloAV. Shak. BRA:G'GART, a. Boastful ; vainly ostentatious. BRAG'GER, n. One who brags ; a boaster. BRAG'GET, n. [W. bragawd.] A liquor made by ferment- ing the wort of ale and mead. BRAG'GING, ppr. Boasting. BRAG'GING-LY, adv. Boastingly. BRAG'LESS, a. Without bragging or ostentation. Shak. [Unusual.] t BRAG'LY, adv. Finely •, so as it may be bragged of. BRAH-MAN'I€, a. Pertaining to the Brachmans. BRAID, V. t. [Sax. brcdan.] 1. To weave or infold three or more strands to form one. 2. To reproach. [Obs.] See Upbraid. BRAID,?!. 1. A string, cord, or other texture, formed by weaving together different strands. 2. A start. Sackville BRAID, a. Deceitful. Shak. BRAIL, ?i. [Fr. brayer.] 1. A piece of leather to bind up a hawk's vising.— 2. In navigation, brails are ropes passing through pulleys. BRAFL, V. t. To brail up, is to haul up into the brails, or to tmss up with the brails. BRAIN, n. [Sax. brcegan, bregen, bragen.] 1. That soft, whitish mass, or viscus, inclosed in the cranium or skull, in which the nerves and spinal marrow terminate, and which is supposed to be the seat of the intelligent princi- ple in man. 2. The understanding. Hale. 3. The affiec- tions; fancy; imagination. [Unusual.] Shak. BRAIjM, v.t. ]. To dash out the brains. Pope. 2. To con- ceive ; to understand. [J\^ot used.] Shak. BRaIN ISH, a. Hot-headed ; furious. Shak. BRaIN'LESS, a. Without underetanding ; silly ; thought- less ; witless. Shak, BRaIN'PAN, ?). The skull which incloses the brain. ERaIN'SICK, a. Disordered in the understanding ; giddy ; thoughtless. Shak. BRaIJN'SICK-LY, adv. Weakly ; with a disordered under- standing. Shak. BRaIN'SICK-NESS, 71. Disorder of the understanding ; gid- diness ; indiscretion. BRAIT, n. Among jew el e7-s, a rough diamond. t BRAKE, pp. of break. See Break. BRAKE, ??. [W. b?-7cg.] 1. Brake is a name given to fern, or rather to the female fern, a species of cryptogamian plants. 2. A place overgrown with brake. 3. 'A thicket ; a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles. 4. In the U. States, a thicket of canes ; as, a cane-brake. Ellicott. BRAKE, n. 1. An instrument to break flax or hemp. 2. The handle or lever by which a pump is worked. 3. A baker's kneading trough. 4. A sharp bit, or snaflle. 5. A machine for confining refractory horses, while the smith is shoeing them. 6. That part of the caniage of a movable battery or engine which enables it to turn. 7. A large, heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing , called also a drasr. BRa'KY, a. FuUof brakes ; rough ; thorny. BRAM'A, 71. The bream, a fish. See Bream. BRAM'A, BRUM'A, or BRAH'MA, n. The chief deity of the Indian nations, considered as the creator of all things. BRAM'BLE, n. [Sax. brembcl.] The raspberry-bush, or blackberry-bush ; a general name of the genus rubus, of which there are several species. .■ice Si^vovsis. A, F., T, o, U, Y, lung —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;- FIN, ^^L'\RiNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete BRA 103 BRA BRAM'BLE-BIJSH, 71. The bramble, or a collection of brambles growing together BRAM'BLED, a. Overgrown with brambles. BRAM'BLE-NET, n. A hallier, or a net to catch burds. BRAM'BLING, or BRAM'BLE, n. A bird, a species oifrin- gilla, the mountain finch. BRAM'BLY, a. Full of brambles. BRAIvI'IN, or BRAH'MIN, w. [See Brachman,] A priest among the Hindoos and other nations of India. BRAM'IN-ESS, or BRAM-IN-EE', m. The wife of a Bram- in. BRA-MIN'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the Bramins, or their doctrines and worship. BRAM'IN-ISM, n. The religion of the Bramins. BRAN, n. [W. bran.] The outer coat of wheat, rye, or oth- er farmaceous grain, separated from the flour by grinding BRAN'-NEW, properly BRAND'-NEW, a. auite new, [fire new ;] bright or shining. f BRANe'ARD, n. [Fr.] A horse litter. BRANCH, 7«. [Fr. brmiche.] 1. The shoot of a tree or other plant 5 a limb ; a bough shooting from the stem, or from another bmnch or bough. 2. Any arm or extended part shooting or extended from the main body of a thing. 3. Any member or part of a body or system 5 a distinct ar- ticle ; a section or subdivision. 4. Any individual of a family descending in a collateral line ; any descendant from a common parent or stock. 5. Branches of a bridle, two pieces of bent iron which bear the bit, the cross chains, and the curb. 6. A warrant or commission given to a pilot. Laws of Mass. 7. A chandelier, jlsh. BRANCH, V. i. 1. To shoot or spread in branches ; to ram- ify, as a plant, or as horns. 2. To divide into separate parts or subdivisions, as a mountain, a stream, or a moral subject ; to ramify. 3. To speak diff"iisively ; to make many distinctions or divisions in a discourse. 4. To have horns shooting out. BRANCH, V. t. 1. To divide as into branches ; to make subordinate divisions. 2. To adorn with needle-work, representing branches, flowers, or twigs. BRANCHED, pp. Divided or spread into branches ; separa- ted into subordinate parts ; adorned with branches 5 fur- nished with branches. BRANCH'ER, ?i. 1. One that shoots forth branches. 2. A young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest and take to the branches. BRANCH'ER-Y, n. The ramifications or ramified vessels dispersed through the pulpy part of fruit. BRANCH'I-NESS, n. Fullness of branches. BRANCH'ING, ppr. Shooting in branches ; dividing into several subordinate parts. BRANCH'ING, a. Furnished with branches ; shooting out branches. BRANCH-I-OS'TE-GOUS, a. [Gr. ^payx^a and ffreyoj.] Having gill-covers, or covered gills, BRANCH-LEAF, n. A leaf growing on a branch. BRANCH'LESS, a. Destitute of branches orshoots ; with- out any valuable product ; barren ; naked. BRANCH'LET, n. A little branch ; a twig. BRANCH'-PE-DUN'€LE, n. A peduncle springing from a branch. BRANCH'-Pl-LOT, n. A pilot who has a branch, or public commission. Laws of Mass. BRANCH Y, a. Full of branches ; having wide-spreading branches. Pope. BRAND, n. [Sax. brand.'] I. A burning piece of wood ; or a stick or piece of wood partly burnt. 2. A sword ; noio obsolete, unless in poetry. Milton. 3. A thunder-bolt. Granville. 4. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, as upon a criminal, or upon a cask ; a stigma ; any note of infamy. Dryden. BRAND, V. t. 1. To burn or impress a mark with a hot iron ; as, to brand a criminal, by way of punishment ; or, to brand a cask, or any thing else, for the purpose of fixing a mark upon it. 2. To fix a mark or character of infamy, in allusion to the branding of cruninals ; to stigmatize as infamous. BRAND'ED, pp. Marked with a hot iron ; stigmatized. BR ANDJ -GOOSE, n. A species of anas. BRAND ING, ppr. Impressing a mark with a hot iron ; fix- ing a stigma or mark of reproach. BRAND -IRON, or BRAND'ING-I-RON, 71. An iron to brand with. BRANDISH, V. t. [Fr. brandir.] 1. To move or wave, as a weapon ; to raise and move in various directions ; to shake or flourish. 2. To play with ; to flourish.. f-BRAND'ISH, 7i. A flourish. B. Jonson. BRAND'ISHED, pp. Raised and waved in the air with a flourish. BRAJVD'ISH-ER, n. One who brandishes. BR/ND'ISH-ING, ppr. Raising and waving in the air; flourishing. f BRAN'DLE, iJ. i. [Fi.br andiller.] To shake. Cotgrave. BRAND'LING, n. A kind of worm. Walton. BRAND'-NEW, a. auite new ; bright as a brand of fire. BRAN'DY, n. [D, kranden.] An ardent spirit, distilled from wine. BRAN'DY-WINE, 71, Brandy. Wiseman. BRAN'GLE, n. [Fr. branler.] A wrangle ; a squabble a noisy contest or dispute. Swift BRAN'GLE, v. i. To wrangle j to dispute contentiously -, to squabble. Swift. BRAN'GLE-MENT, 71, Wrangle ; brangle. BRAN'GLER, n. One who wishes to quarrel ; a wrangler. Kersey. BRAN'GLING, 71. A quarrel. Whitlock. BRANK, 71. ]. Buckwheat, a species of poii/o-oriTtTTi. 2, In some parts of England and Scotland, a scolding-bridle, an instrument for correcting scolding women. BRANK'UR-SINE, n. [&ranfe,and Li.ursus.] B ear's- breech, or acanthus, a genus of plants BRAN LIN, 71. A species of fish of the salmon kind BRANNY, a. Having tlie appearance of bran ; consisting of bran. Wiieman. t BRAN SLE, n. A brawl, or dance. Spenser. BRANT, 71, A species of anas, or the goose kind ; called al- so brent and brand-goose, which see. BRANT, a. Steep. Todd. BRa'SEN, (bra'zn) a. Made of brass. BRASH, a. L Hasty; impetuous; rash. Orose. 2. In so7ne parts of J^ew England, used for brittle, as applied to timber. Pick. Voc, BRA'SIER, (bra'zhur) n. 1, An artificer who works in brass. 2. A pan for holding coals. BRA-SIL'. See Brazil. BRASS, 77. [Sax. bras.] 1. An alloy of copper and zink, of a yellow color. 2. Impudence ; a brazen face. BRASSE, n. The pale-spotted perch. BRAS'SI-€A, n. [L.] Cabbage. Pope. BRAS'SI-NESS, n. A quality of brass ; the appearance of brass. BRASS'-PAVED, a. Hard as brass. Spenser. BRASS'- VIS-AGED, a. Impudent. BRASS'Y, a. 1. Pertaining to brass ; partaking of brass ; hard as brass ; having the color of brass. 2. Impudent ; impudently bold. t BRAST, a. Burst. Spenser. I3RAT, n. 1. A child, so called in contempt. 2. Offspring , progeny. BRAUL, 7?. Indian cloth with blue and white stripes. BRA-Va'DO, 71. [Sp. bravata.] A boast, or brag ; an arrO" gant menace, intended to intimidate. BRAVE, a. [Fr. brave.] 1. Courageous ; bold ; daring j intrepid ; fearless of danger. 2. Gallant ; lofty ; graceful , having a noble mien. 3. Magnificent ; grand. Denhaw. 4. Excellent ; noble ; dignified ; but in modern usage it has nearly lost its application to things. 5. Gaudy ; sliowy in dress. [0Z»5,] Spenser. BRAVE, 72. I. A hector ; a mas daring beyond discretion or decency. Dryden. 2. A boast ; a challenge • a defiance. Shak. BRAVE, V. t. 1. To defy ; to challenge ; to encounter with courage and fortitude, or without being moved ; to set at defiance. 2. To carry a boasting appearance of. Bacon. BRAVED, pp. Defied ; set at defiance ; met without dis- may, or being moved. BRaVE'LY, adv. Courageously ; gallantly ; splendidly ; in a brave minner ; heroically. In Spenser, finely ; gaudily, BRaV'E-RY, n. 1. Courage ; heroism ; undaunted spirit ; intrepidity ; gallantry ; fearlessness of danger. 2. Splen- dor ; magnificence ; showy appearance. Spenser. 3. Show ; ostentation ; fine dress. Bacon. 4, Bravado ; boast. Sidney. 5. A showy person. Spenser. [In the last four senses, this icord is nearly antiquated.] BRaV'ING, ppr. Setting at defiance ; challenging. *BRA'VO, n. [It. and Sp.] A daring villain; a bandit; one who sets law at defiance ; an assassin or murderer, BRA-Vu'RA, 71. A word of modern application, to such songs as require great vocal ability in the singer. BRAWL, V. i. [G. brullen'.] 1, To quarrel noisily and in- decently, 2, To speak loud and indecently, 3 To roar as water ; to make a noise, BRAWL, V. t. To drive or beat away BRAWL, n. [Norm, braul.] 1. Noise ; quarrel ; scurrility , uproar. 2. Formerly, a kind of dance. Shak. BRAWL'ER, n. A noisy fellow ; a wrangler. BRAWL'ING, 71. The act of quarreling. BRAWL'ING-LY, adv. In a quanjelsome manner. BRAWN, 7J. [Ij. aprugnus.] 1. The flesh of a boar, or the animal. 2. The fleshy, protuberant, muscular part of the body. 3. Bulk ; muscular strength. 4. The arm, from its muscles or strength. t BRAWN, V. t. To render strong. Fuller. BRAWNED, a. Brawny ; strong. Spenser. BRAWN'ER, 71. A boar killed for the table, BRAWN'I-NESS, 7i. The quality of being brawny , strength ; hardiness, Locke. BRAWN'Y, a. Musculous ; fleshy ; bulky ; having large ^ strong muscles ; strong. Dryden. * See Synopsis. MoVE. B^QK D6VE -BjILL, UNITE.— €as K ; 6as J ; SasZ ; CH as SH; THasin«Aw, i Obsolete BRE 104 BRE BRAY, V. t. [Sax. bracan.] 1. To pound, beat, or grind small. 2. To make a harsh sound, as of an ass. 3. To make a harsh, disagreeable, grating sound. BRAY, n. 1. The harsh sound or roar of an ass ; a harsh, grating sound. 2. Shelving ground. Fairfax. fBRAY, n. [W. bre.] A bank or mound of earth. BRaY'ER, n. 1. One that brays like an ass. 2. An in- strument to temper ink in printing offices. BRaY'ING, pp\ Pounding or grinding small ; roaring. BRaY'ING, 11. Roar ; noise ; clamour. Smith. BRAZE, V. t. [Fr. braser.] 1. To soder with brass. 2. To harden to impudence ; to harden as with brass. BRa'ZEN, (bra'-zn) a. 1. Made of brass. 2. Pertaining to bra,ss ; proceeding from brass. 3. Impudent ; having a front like brass. — Brazen age, or age of brass, in mytholo- gy, the age which succeeded the silver age. BRa'ZEN, v. i. To be impudent ; to bully. BRa'ZEN-BROWED, a. Shameless ; impudent. Broion. BRa'ZEN-FACE, n. An impudent person ; one remark- able for effrontery. Shak. BRa'ZEN-FACED, a. Impudent ; bold to excess ; shame- less. Dryden. BRa'ZEN-LY, adv. In a bold, impudent manner. BRa'ZEN-NESS, n. 1. Appearance like brass. 2. Impu- dence ; excess of assurance. BRa'ZIER. See Brasier. * BRA-ZIL', or * BRA-ZIL'-WOOD, ?i. [Port, braza.] Bra- zil, or Brazil-wood, or braziletio', is a very lieavy wood, of a red color, growing in Brazil, and otJier tropical coun- tries. BRAZ-IL-ET'TO, n. The same as Brazil-wood. BRA-ZIL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Brazil. Barlow. BREACH, n. [Fr. breche.] 1. The act of breaking ; or state of being broken ; a rupture ; a break ; a gap ; the space between the several parts of a solid body, parted by vio- lence. 2. The violation of a law ; the violation or non- fulfillment of a contract ; the non-performance of a moral duty. 3. An opening in a coast. [JsTot usual.] 4. Sepa- ration between friends by means of enmity ; difference ; quarrel. 5. Infraction ; injury ; invasion ; as, a breach upon kingly power. 6. Bereavement ; loss of a friend, and its consequent afSistion. 7. A violation of the public peace, as by a riot, affray, or any tumult which is con- trary to law, and destructive to the public tranquillity, is called a breach of the peace. BREACH, V. t. To make a breach, or opening. Life of JVel- lington. BREAD, (bred) n. [Sax. bread.] 1. A mass of dough, made by moistening and kneading the flour or meal of some species of grain, and baking it in an oven or pan. 2. Food in general. 3. Support of life in general ; maintenance. t BREAD, V. t. [Sax. brmdan.] To spread. Ray. BREAD'-CHIP-PER, n. One who chips bread ; a baker's servant ; an under butler. BREAD'-CORN, n. Com of which bread is made. BREAD EN, (bred'dn) fl. Made of bread. [Littleused.] BREAD LESS, a. Without bread , destitute of food. BREAD'-ROOM, n. An apartment in a ship's hold, where the bread is kept. BREAD'STUPF, w. Bread-corn; meal; bread. [Used in the United States.] BREAD'-TREE, n. The bread-fruit-tree, or artocarpus, a tree which grows in the isles of the Pacific ocean. BREADTH, (bredth) n. [Sax. breed and bred.] The measure or extent of any plain surface from side to side. BREADTH'LESS, a. Having no breadth. More. * BREaK, v. t. pret. broke, [brake. Obs.] ; pp. broke, or bro- ken. [Sax. brmcan, hrecan.] 1. To part or divide by force and violence, as a solid substance ; to rend apart. 2. To burst or open by force. 3. To divide by piercing or pene- trating ; to burst forth. 4. To make breaches or gaps by battering, as in a wall. 5. To destroy, crush, weaken, or imprJr, as the human body or constitution. 6. To sink ; to appall, or subdue ; as, to break the spirits. 7. To crush ; to shatter ; to dissipate the strength of, as of an army. 8. To weaken, or impair, as the faculties. 9. To tame ; to train to obedience ; to make tractable. 10. To make bank- rupt. 11. To discard, dismiss or cashier. Swift. 12. To crack ; to part or divide, as the skin ; to open, as an apos- teme. 13. To violate, as a contract or promise. 14. To infringe or violate, as a law, or any moral obligation. 15. To stop ; to interrupt ; to cause to cease. 16. To inter- cept ; to check ; to lessen the force of. 17. To separate ; to part. 18. To dissolve any union, sometimes with off. 19. To cause to abandon ; to reform, or cause to reform. 20. To open, as a purpose ; to propound something new ; to make a first disclosure of opinions. 21. To frustrate ; to prevent. 22. To take away. 23. To stretch ; to strain ; to rack. Fo break the back, to strain or dislocate the vertebers with too heavy a burden ; also, to disable one's fortune. — To break bulk, to begin to unload. Mar. Diet. — To break a deer, to cut it up at table.— To break faat., to eat the first meal in the day, but used as a con:pound wori. — To break ground, to plow. — To break ground, to dig ; to open trenches. — To break the heart, to afflict grievously. — To break a jest, to utter a jest unexpectedly. — To break the neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. — To break off 1 To put a Sudden stop to ; to interrupt ; to discontinue. 2. To sever ; to divide. — To break up. I. To dissolve or put an end to. 2. To open, or lay open. 3. To plow ground the first time, or after lying long unplowed. 4. To sepa- rate. .5. To disband. — To break upon the wheel, to stretch and break the bones by torture upon the wheel.— T'o brcxk wind, to give vent to wind from the body backward. * BREAK, V. i. 1. To part ; to separate ; to divide in two 2. To burst. 3. To burst, by dasliing against something 4. To open, as a tumor. 5. To open, as the morning ; to show the first light ; to dawn. 6. To burst forth ; to utter or exclaim. 7. To fail in trade or other occupation ; to become bankrupt. 8. To decline in health and strength ; to begin to lose the natural vigor. Swift. 9. To issue out with vehemence. Pope. 10. To make way with violence or suddenness ; to rush ; often with a particle. 11. To come to an explanation. 12. To suffer an interruption of friendship ; to fall out. 13. To faint, flag or pant. To break away, to disengage itself from ; to rush from ; also, to dissolve itself or dissipate, as fog or clouds. — To brmk forth, to issue out. — To break from, to disengage from ; to depart abruptly, or with vehemence. — To break in, to en- ter by force ; to enter unexpectedly ; to intrude. — To break loose, to get free by force ; to escape from confine- ment by violence ; to shake off restraint. — To break off, to part ; to divide ; also, to desist suddenly. — To break off from, to part from with violence. — To break out. I. To issue forth ; to discover itself by its effects, to arise or spring up. 2, To appear in eruptions, as pustules. 3. To throw off restraint, and become dissolute. — To break up, to dis- solve itself and separate ; as, a company breaks up. — To break with, to part in enmity ; to cease to be friends. BREaK, 71. 1. A state of being open, or the act of separat- ing ; an opening made by force ; an open place. 2. A pause ; an interruption. 3. A line in writing or printing, noting a suspension of the sense, or a stop in the sentence — 4. In a ship, the break of the deck is the part where it terminates, and the descent on to the next deck below commences. 5. The first appearance of light in the morn- ing ; the dawn ; as, the break of day. — 6. In architecture, a recess. BREaK'A BLE, a. Capable of being broken. BREaK'AGE, n. A breaking : also, an allowance for things broken, in transportation. *BREaK'ER, n. ]. The person who breaks any thing ; a violator or transgressor. 2. A rock which breaks the waves ; or the wave itself whicn is broken. 3. A pier, mound, or other solid matter, placed in a river, to break the floating ice. 4. One that breaks up ground. 5. A de- stroyer. Micah, ii. BREAK 'FAST, (brek'fast) n. 1. The first meal in the day ; or the thing eaten at the first meal. 2. A meal, or food in general. BREAK'FAST, (brek'fast) v. i. To eat the first meal in the day. BREAK'FAST-ING, (brek'fast-ing) ppr. Eating or taking the first meal in the day. BREAK'FAST-ING, n. A party at breakfast. *BREaK'ING, ppr. Parting by violence ; rending asun- der ; becoming bankrupt. BREaK'NECK, n. A fall that breaks the neck ; a steep place endangering the neck. Shak. tBREAK'PROM-ISE, n. One who makes a practice of breaking his promise. t BREAK' VOW, n. One who habitually breaks his vows Shak. BREaK'WA-TER, n. 1. The hull of an old vessel sunk at tlie entrance of a harbor, to break or diminish the force of the waves, to secure the vessels in harbor. 2. A small buoy fastened to a large one, when the rope of the latter is not long enough to reach the surface of the water. 3. A mole, at the mouth of a harbor, intended to break the force of the waves. BReAM, n. [Fr. brenie.] A fish, the cypi-inus brama, an in- habitant of lakes and deep water. BReAM, v. t. In sea language, to burn off the filth, such as grass, sea-weed, ooze, &c., from a ship's bottom. BREAST, (brest) 7!. [&ax. breast.] 1 . The soft, protuberant body, adhering to tlie thorax, which, in females, furnishes milk for infants. 2. The fore part of the thorax, or the fore part of the human body between the neck and the belly. 3. The part of a beast which answers to the breast in man. 4. Figuratively, the heart ; the conscience ; the disposition of the mind ; the affections ; tlie seat of the affections and passions. 5. Formerly, the power of sing ing. Tusser. BREAST, (brest) v. t. To meet in front ; to oppose breast to breast. Goldsmith. BREAST'BONE, ??. The bone of the breast ; the sternum. BREAST'-CASK-ET, n. One of the largest and longest of See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete BRE 105 BRE the caskets or strings on the middle of the yard of a ship. BREAST'-DEEP, a. Breast-high ; as liigh as the breast, BREAST'ED, a. Having a broad breast ; having a fine voice. BREAST'P'AST, n. A large rope to confine a ship sidewise to a wharf or key. BREAST'-HiGH, (brest'hi) a. High as the breast. BREAST'HOOK, n. A thick piece of timber placed directly across the 'stem of a ship, to strengthen the fore part, and unite the bows on each side. BREAST'ING, ppr. Meeting with the breast ; opposing in front. BREAST'KNOT, (brest'not) n. A knot of ribands worn on the breast. BREAST'PIN, n. An ornamental pin, fixed in the linen near the breast ; sometimes also called a broach, BREAST'PLATE, n. 1. Armor for the breast. 2. A strap that runs across a horse's breast. — 3. In Jewish antiquity, a part of the vestment of the high priest. BREAST'PLOW, n. A plow, driven by the breast, used to cut or pare turf. BREAST'ROPE, n. In a ship, hreastropes are used to fasten the yards to the parrels ; now called parreZ ropes. BRE AST'- Work, 11. In fortification, a work thrown up for defense ; a parapet, which see. BREATH, (breth) n. [Sax. hrceth.] 1. The air inhaled and expelled in the respiration of animals. 2. Life. 3. The state or power of breathing freely •, opposed to a state of exhaustion from violent action. 4. Respite ; pause ; time to breathe. 5. Breeze ; air in gentle motion. 6. A single respiration. 7. An instant ; the time of a single respira- tion ; a single act. 8. A word. BRf ATH'A-BLE, a. That may be breathed. BReATHE, v. i. 1. To respire ; to inspire and expire air. Hence, to live. 2. To take breath ; to rest from action. 3._To pass as air. BREATHE, V. t. 1. To inhale as air into the lungs, and ex- pel it. 2. To inject by breathing ; to infuse ; followed by into 3. To expire ; to eject by breathing ; followed by out. 4. To exercise ; to keep in breath. 5. To inspire or blow into ; to cause to sound by breathing. 6. To ex- hale ; to emit as breath. 7. To utter softly or in private. 8, [W. brathu, to pierce.] To give air or vent to ; to open. 9._ To express ; to manifest. BREATHED, pj). Inhaled and exhaled ; respired ; uttered. BReATH'ER, n. One that breathes or lives ; one that ut- ters ; an inspirer ; one who animates or infuses by inspira- tion. BREATH EUL, (breth'ful) a. Full of breath ; full of odor. BReATH'ING, ppr. I. Respiring ; living ; uttering. 2. a. Exhibiting to the life. BReATH'ING, n. 1. Respiration ; the act of inhaling and exhaling air. 2. Aspiration ; secret prayer. 3. Breathing- place ; vent 4. Accent ; aspiration. BReATH'ING-PLACE, 71. 1. A pause. 2. A vent. BReATH'ING-TIME, ft. Paivse ; relaxation. BREATH'LESS, (breth'les) a. 1. Being out of breath ; spent with labor or violent action. 2. Dead. BREATH'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being exhausted of breath. BRE€'CIA, n. [It.] In mineralogy, an aggregate composed of angular fragments of the same mineral, or of different minerals, united by a cement, and presenting a variety of colors. BRE0CIA-TED, a. Consisting of angular fragments, ce- mented together. BRE€H'ITE, n. A fossil allied to the alcyons. BRED, pp. of breed. Generated ; produced ; contrived ; ed- ucated. t BREDE, n. A braid. .Addison. * BREECH, (brich) n. 1. The lower part of the body be- hind. 2. Breeches 5 but rarely used in the singular. 3. The hinder part of any thing. * BREECH, v.t. 1. To put into breeches. 2. To whip on the breech. 3. See Britch. BREECH E$, (brich ez) n. phi. [Sax. brae, braccae.] A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs. — To wear the breeches is, in the wife, to usurp the authority of the husband, BREECH'ING, (brich'ing) ppr. 1. Furnishing with breeches, or with a breech. 2. Whipping the breech ; and, as a noun, a whipping, BREECH'ING, in gunnery on board of ships. BREED, V. t. pret and pp. bred. [Sax. bredan, brcedan.] ]. To generate ; to engender ; to hatch •, to produce tlie young of any species of animals. Always applied to the mother or dam. 2. To produce within or upon the body. 3. To cause ; to occasion ; to produce -, to originate. 4. To contrive •, to hatch ; to produce by plotting. 5. To give birth to ; to be the native place of. G. To educate ; to instruct ; to form by education 7. To bring no ; to nurse and foster ; to take care of in infancy, mid through the age of youth ; to provide for, train and conduct ; to instruct the mind and form the manners in youth. BREED, V. i. 1. To produce, as a fetus ; to bear and nour- ish, as in pregnancy. 2. To be formed in the parent or dam ; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth 3. To have birth ; to be produced. 4. To be increased by a new production. 5. To raise a breed. BREED, n. 1. A race or prcgeny from the same parents or stock. 2. A cast •, a kind ; a race of men or other ani- mals. 3. Progeny ; ofispiing ; applied to other things than animals. 4. A number produced at once ; a hatch ; a brood f BREED'-BATE, n. One that breeds or originates quarrels Shak. BREED'ER, n. 1. The female that breeds or produces, whether human or other animal. 2. The person who ed- ucates or brings up ; that which brings up. 3. That which produces. 4. One who raises a breed ; one who takes care to raise a particular breed, or breeds, as of horses or cattle. BREED'ING, ppr. Bearing and nourishing, as a fetus ; en- gendering ; producing ; educating. BREED'ING, n. 1. The act of generating or of producing. 2. The raising of a breed or breeds. 3. Nurture •, educa- tion ; instruction ; formation of manners. 4. By way of eminence, manners ; knowledge of ceremony ; deport- ment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of social life. Hence, good breeding is politeness. BREEZE, n. [Sax. briosa.] A genus of flies or insects, tech- nically called tahanus. BREEZE, n. [It. brezza.] 1. A light wind ; a gentle gale. 2. A shifting wind, that blows from the sea or from the land, for a certain time, by night or by (iay BREEZE, V. i. To blow gently ; a word common among sea- men. Barlow. BREEZE'LESS, a. Motionless; destitute of breezes. BREE'ZY, a. 1. Fanned with gentle winds or breezes. 2. Subject to frequent breezes, Qray. BRe'HON, n. In /mA, a judge. BRE'IS-LA-KITE, n. A Vesuvian minera.' t BREME, a. [Sax. bremman.] Cruel ; sharp Chaucer. tBREN, V. t. [Sax. brennan.] To burn. Spenser. BREN'NAGE, n. In the middle ages, a tribute or composi- tion which tenants paid to their lord, in lieu of bran, which thev were obliged to furnish for his hounds. t BRENT, or f BRANT, a. [W. bryn.] Steep ; high. BRENT, n. 1. A brant, or brand-goose, a fowl. 2. part. Burnt J [obs.] See Been. BREST, or BREAST, n. In r.rchitecture, the member of a column, more usually called torus, or tore. BREST'-SUM-MER, n. In architecture, a piece in the out- ward part of a wooden building, into which the girders are framed. BRET, n. A local name of the turbot, cabled also burt or brut. t BRET'FUL, a. Brimful. Chaucer. BRETH'REN, 71. ; plu. of brother. It is used almost exclu- sively in solemn and Scriptural language, in the place of brothers. See Brother. BREVE, n. [It. breve ,• L. brevis.] 1. In music, a note or character of time. — 2. In law, a writ directed to the chan- cellor, judges, sheriffs or other officers, whereby a person is summoned, or attached, to answer in the king's court This word, in the latter sense, is more generally written brief. BRE-VET', n. 1. In the French customs, the grant of a fa- vor or donation from the king, or the warrant evidencing the grant ; a warrant ; a brief, or commission. More par- ticularly, a commission given to a subaltern officer, writ- ten on parchment, without seal. 2. A commission to an officer which entitles him to a rank in the army above his pay. BReV'IA-RY, 7!. [Fr. breviaire.] 1. An abridgment ; a compend ; an epitome. 2. A book containing the daily service of the Romish church. BReV'IAT, 71. A short compend ; a summary. IBReV'IATE, v. t. To abridge. See Abbreviate. BReV'IA-TURE, n. An abbreviation. BRE-VIeR', 71. [Fr. breviaire.] A small kind of printing types, in size between bourgeois and minion. BREV'I-PED, a. [L. brevis and pes.] Having short legs, as a fowl. BREV'1-PED, n. A fowl having short legs. BREVI-TY, n. [L. brevitas.] 1. Shortness ; applied to time. 2. Shortness ; conciseness ; contraction mto few words ; applied to discourses. BREW, V. t. [Sax. briwar.] 1. In a general sense, to boil, and mix. 2, In a Tnore restricted sense, to make beer, ale; or other similar liquor. 3. To mingle. 4. To contrive ; to plot. .5. To put in a state of preparation. BREW, V. I. 1. To be in a state of preparation ; to be mix- ing, forming or collecting. 2. To perform the business of brewing or making beer. BREW, n. The mixture formed by brewing ; that which is brewed. * See Synopsis M or earth used or suitable for bricks. BRIOK'KILN, (brik'kil) n. A kiln, or furnace, in which bricks are baked or burnt. BRICK'LaY-ER, n. One whose occupation is to build with bricks ; a mason. tBRie'KLE, a. Brittle ; easily broken. BRI€'KLE-NESS, 71. Fragility. Barret. BRI€K'MA-KER, n. [brick and viake.] One who makes bricks, or whose occupation is to make bricks. BRICK Work, n. The laying uf bricks, or a wall of bricks. BRI€K'Y, a. Full of bricks, or formed of bricks. BRiDAL, a. Belonging to a bride, or to a wedding ; nup- tial ; connubial. BRi'DAL, n. The nuptial festival. Dryden. \ BRi-DAL'I-TY, n. Celebration of the nuptial feast. BRIDE, 71. [Sax. bryd.^ 1. A woman new married. 2. A woman espoused, or contracted to be married. f BRIDE, V. t. To make a wife of-, to marry. BRiDE'BED, n. The marriage bed. Prior. BRiDE'CAKE, n. The cake which is made for the guests at a wedding ; called, in the United States, wedding cake. BRiDE'CHaM-BER, n. The nuptial apartment, BRIDE'GROOM, n. [Originally and properly, bndegoom, from the Sax. brydguma, a brideman ; Dan. brudgom ; Sw. brudgumnie.] A man newly married ; or a man about to be married, BRIDE'MAID, n. A woman who attends on a bride at her wedding. BRTDE'MAN, n. A man who atten-ds upon a bridegroom and bride at their marriage. Often pronounced bride^s man and bride^s maid. BRiDE'STAKE, n. A stake or post set in the ground to dance round. B. Jonson. BRiDE'WELL, 7i. A house of correction, for the confine- ment of disorderly persons ; so called from the palace built near St. Bridp.^s or Bridget's well, in London, which was turned into a workhouse, BRID6E, (bridj) n. [Sax, brie, bricg, brigg.l I. Any struc- ture of wood, stone, brick, or iron, raised over a river, pond, or lake, for the passage of men and other animals. 2. The upper part of the nose. 3. The part of a stringed instrument of music, over which the strings are stretched. — 4. In gunnery, the two pieces of timber which go be- tween the two transums of a gun-carriage. BRIDGE, v.t. 1. To build a bridge or bridges over. 2. To erect bridges on ; to make a passage by abridge or bridges, BRIDGED, pp. Covered or furnished with a brrdge. BRIDG'ING, p/)r. Erecting a bridge ; building a bridge over, tBRIDG'Y, a. Full of bridges, Sherwood. BRi'DLE, n. [Sax. bridl, or bridel.] 1, The instrument with A^hich a horse is governed and restrained by a rider, 2, A restraint ; a curb ; a check, 3, A short piece of cable well served, attached to a swivel on a chain, laid in a harbor, and the upper end drawn into a ship and secured to the bitts, BRi'DLE, v. t. 1. To put on a bridle. 2. To restrain, guide or govern ; to check, curb or control. BRi'DLE, v. i. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin. BRi'DLED, pp. Having a bridle on ; restrained. BRI'DLE-HAND, n. The hand which holds the bridle in riding- Sidney. BRi'DLER, 71. One that bridles ; one that restrains and governs BRi'DLING, ppr. 1. Putting on a bridle ; restraining ; curb- ing. 2. Holding up the head, and drawing in the chin. BRIeF, a. [Fr. bref j L. brevis.] Short ; concise ; it is used chiefly of language, discourses, writings and time. BRIeF, n. ]. An epitome ; a short or concise writing. In modern times, an apostolical brief is a letter which the pope dispatches to a prince, or other magistrate, relating to public affairs. — 2, In law, an abridgment of a client's case, made out for the instruction of council on a trial at law. Also, a writ, summoning a man to answer to any action, 3, A letter patent, from proper authority, author- izing a public collection or charitable contribution of money for any public or private purpose, JSTew England. 4, A writing in general, BRIeF'LY, adv. Concisely ; in few words, BRIeF'NESS, n. Shortness ; conciseness in discourse or vvriting. BRi'ER, 7(. [Sax, brar ; Ir, b?-iar.] 1, In a general sense, a prickly plant or shrub, — 2. In a limited sense, the sweet- . brier and the wild-brier, species of the rose, BRi'ER-Y, a. Full of briers ; rough ; thorny, BRi'ER-Y, n. A place where briers grow, Huloet. BRIG, the termination of names, signifies a bridge, or per- haps, in some cases, a town, or burg. BRIG, 71, [from brigantine.] A vessel with two masts, square rigged, or rigged nearly like a ship's mainmast and foremast, BRI-GaDE', 71. [Fr,J A party or division of troops, orsoldiers, whether cavalry or infantry, regular or militia, command- ed by a brigadier, BRI-GaDE', v. t. To form into a brigade, or into brigades, BRI-GaDE'-Ma-JOR, 7!, An officer appointed by the briga- dier, to assist him in the management and ordering of his brigade, BRIG-A-DIeR',7?, [Fr,] The general officer who commands a brigade, whether of horse or foot, and in rank next be- low a major-general, BRIG'AND, 71, [Fr,] A robber ; a freebooter ; a lawless fellow, who lives by plunder, ERIG'AND-AGE, n. Theft ; robbery ; plunder, BRIG'AN-DlNE, n. Anciently, a coat of mail, BRIG'AN-TINE, n. [Fr, brigantln.] See Brig. BRIGHT, (brite) a. [Sax. beorht, briht byrkt, or bryht.j 1. Shining ; lucid ; luminous j splendia 2. Clear • t>-ans- parent, as liquors. 3. Evident ; clear ; manifest to the mind, as light is to the eyes, 4, Resplendant with charms, 5, Illuminated Avith science ; sparkling with wit, 6. Illustrious ; glorious. — 7, In popular language, ingenious ; possessing an active mind. 8. Promising good or success, 9, Sparkling ; animated, BRIGHT'-BURN-ING, a. Burning with a bright flame, BRTGHT'EN, (bri'tn) v.t. 1. To make bright or brighter , to make to shine ; to increase lustre, 2, To make lumi- nous by light from without, or by dispelling gloom, 3, To cheer ; to make gay or cheerful, 4. To make illustrious, or more distinguished, 5, To make acute or witty, BRiGHT'EN, (bri'tn) v. i. 1. To grow bright, or more bright ; to clear up. 2, To become less dark or gloomy, BRiGHT'-EYED, (brite'ide) a. Having bright eyes. BRiGHT'-HaIRED, a. Having bright hair. BRiGHT'-IIaR-NESSED, a. Having glittering armor. BRTGHT'LY, (brite'ly) adv. Splendidly ; with lustre. BRIGHTNESS, (brite'-nes) 7?. 1. Splendor ; lustre; glit- ter. 2. Acuteness, applied to the faculties ; sharpness of wit. BRiGHT'-SHiN-ING, a. Shining with splendor. t BRI-GOSE , a. Contentious, Puller. BR'IGUE, (breeg) n. [Fr, brigue.l A cabal ; intrigue ; fac- tion ; contention, [Little used.] Chesterfield. BR'iGUE, (breeg) v. i. To canvass ; to solicit, [Little used.] BRILL'IAN-CY, 71, Splendor ; glitter ; great brightness, BRILL'IANT, a. [Fr, brillant.] 1, Sparkling with lustre ; glittering, 2, Splendid ; shining ; as, a brilliant achieve- ment, BRILL'IANT, n. 1. A diamond of the finest cut, formed into angles, so as to refract the light, by which it is rendered more glittering. 2. In the manege, a brisk, high-spirited horse, with a stately carriage, BRILL'IANT-LY, adu. Splendidly, Warton. BRILL'IANT-NESS, n. Brilliancy ; splendor ; glitter. BRILLS, n. The haii on the eyelids of a horse. BRIM, 71, [Sax, brymm.] I, The rim, lip, or broad border of any vessel or other thing, 2. The upper edge of a vessel, whether broad or not, 3, The top of any liquor ; the See Synop.-'ls. A, E, I, O, U, 7, long.— FaR FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. BRl 107 BRO edge or that next the border at the top. 4. The edge or brink of a fountain ; the verge. f BRIM, a. [Sax. bryme.] Public; well known 5 celebrated. BRIM, V. t. To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top. BRIM, V. i. To be full to the brim. Philips. BRIM'FUL, a. Full to the top ; completely full ; as, a glass brimful. t BRIM'FUL-NESS, n. Fullness to the top. Shak. BRIM'LES'S, a. Having no brim. Addison. BRIM'MER, n. A bowl full to the top. Dryden. BRIM'MING, a. Full to the top or brim. Dryden. BRIM'STONE, n. [Sax. bryne, and stone, burn-stone.] Sul- phur ; a hard, brittle, inflammable substance, of a lemon- yellow color. BRIM STO-NY, a. Full of brimstone, or containing it 5 re- sembling brimstone 5 sulphurous. BRIND'ED, a [It. brinato.] Marked with spots ; tabby ; having different colors. Milton. BRIN'DLE, n. The state of being brinded ; spottedness. Richardson. BRINDLED, a. Spotted ; variegated with spots of different colors. Addison. BRINE, n. [Sax. bryne.] 1. Water saturated or strongly im- pregnated with salt. 2. The ocean or sea. 3. Tears, so called from thair saltness. BRINE, V. t To steep in brine, as corn to prevent smut ; also, to mix salt with. Encyc. BRiNE'-PAN, n. A pit of salt water, where, by the action of the sun, salt is formed by crystalization. BRiNE'-PIT, 71. A brine-pan, or a salt spring from which water is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making salt. BRiNE'-SPRING, n. A spring of salt water. BRING, V. t. pret. and pp. brought. [Sax. bringan.] I. To fetch ; to bear, convey or lead from a distant to a nearer place, or to a person. 2. To produce ; to procure as a cause ; to draw to. 3. To attract or draw along. 4. To cause to come. 5. To cause to come to a point, by moral influence. The primary sense is, to lead, draw, or cause to come ; the sense of conveying or bearing is secondary. Its use is extensive, and, in general, it implies motion from a place remote, either in a literal or figurative sense. To bring back is to recall, implying previous departure, either in a literal or figurative sense. — To bring about, to bring to pass ; to effect •, to accomplish ; to bring to the desired issue. — To bring forth is to produce, as young or fruit ; also, to bring to light ; that is, to make manifest ; to disclose. — To bring forward, to cause to advance; to produce to view. — To bring in, to import ; to introduce ; to place in a particular condition ; to collect things dis- persed ; to reduce ; to produce, as income, rent or reve- nue ; to induce to join, &:c. — To h-ing off, to bear or convey from a distant place ; also, to procure to be ac- quitted ; to clear from condemnation ; to cause to escape, — To bring on, to cause to begin ; as, to bring on an action ; also, to originate or cause to exist ; also, to bear or convey from a distance ; also, to -it'^nd, or to aid in advancing. — To bring over, to bear acc.jss ; also, to convert ; to draw to a new party ; to cause to change sides, or an opinion. — To bring out, to expose ; to detect ; to bring to light from concealment. — To bring under, to subdue ; to re- press ; to restrain ; to reduce to obedience ; also, to bring beneath any thing. — To bring up, to nurse ; to educate ; to instruct ; to feed and clothe ; to introduce to practice ; to cause to advance near ; to bear or convey upwards. — In navigation, to cast anchor. — To bring down, to cause to come down ; also, to humble or abase. — To bHng to, in navigation, to check the course of a ship, by an-anging the ^ttils in such a manner, that they shall counteract each other, and keep her nearly stationary. BRING'ER, n. One who brings, or conveys to. — Bringer in, the person who introduces. — Bringer up, an instruc- tor ; one who feeds, clothes, and educates ; also, one who is in the rear of an army. BRING'ING, ppr. Bearing to ; conveying ; persuading ; causing to come. BRING'ING FORTH, n. Production. Shak. BRi'NISH, a. Like brine ; salt ; somewhat salt ; saltish. BRi'NISH-NESS, n. Saltness ; the quality of being saltish. BRINK, n. [Dan. Sw. brink.] The edge, margin or border of a steep place, as of a precipice. BRi'NY, (bri'ne) a. Pertaining to brine, or to the sea ; par- taking of the nature of brine ; salt. BRI'O-NY. See Bryony. BRISK, a. [W. brysg.] 1. Lively ; active ; nimble ; gay ; sprightly ; vivacious. 2. Full of spirit or life ; efferves- cing, as liquors. 3. Lively ; burning freely ; as, a brisk lire. 4. Vivid ; bright ; [jiot used.] t BRISK, V. t. To make brisk. BRISK UP, v.t. To make lively ; to enliven ; to animate. BRISK UP, V. i. To come up with life and speed ; to take an erect, or bold attitude. BRISK ET, n. [qu. Fr. brechet.] The breast of an animal ; or that part of the breast that lies next to the ribs. BRISK'LY, adv. Actively ; vigorously ; with life and spirit. BRISK'NESS, n. Liveliness ; vigor in action : quickness gayety ; vivacity ; effervescence ofjliquors. BRIS'TLE, (bris'sl) n. [Sax. bristl.! 1. The stiff, glossy hair of swine, especially that growing on the back, used for making brushes ; similar hair on other animals. 2. A species of pubescence on plants in form of stiff, roundish hair. BRIS'TLE, v.t. 1. To erect in bristles ; to erect in defiance or anger, like a swine. Shak. 2. To fix a bristle. BRIS'TLE, V. i. 1. To rise or stand erect. 2. To raise the head and strut, as in anger or def ance. In this sense the word is common in the United iitates, but generally pro- nounced brustle. BRIS'TLE-LIKE, a. Stiff as a bristle. BRIS'TLE-SHaPED, a. Of the thickness and length of d bristle. Marty n. BRIS'TLY, (bris'ly) a. Thick-set with bristles, or witt hairs like bristles ; rough. Bacon. BRIS'TOL-FLOW-ER, n. A species of lychnis. BRISTOL-STONE, n. Rock crystal. BRIS'TOL-WA-TER, n. The water of a warm spring, near the city of Bristol in England. BRIT, 71. A fish ; probably a diff'erent orthography of bret, or hurt. Carcw. BRI-TAN'N1€, a. Pertaining to Britain ; or, in its present use to Great Britain. BREECH, n. [G. britsche.] The large end of a cannon, or of a musket, or other fire arm. BREECH, v.t. To fasten with breeching. BREECH'ING, n. A strong rope, fastened to the cascabel c: pummelion of a cannon. BRITE, or BRIGHT, v. i. To be or become over-ripe, as wheat, barley or hops. BRIT'ISH, a. Pertaining to Great Britain or its inhabitants It is sometimes applied to the language of the Welsh. BRIT'ON, n. A native of Britain. BRITON, a. British. Spenser. BRIT'TLE, a. [Sax. brittan.] Easily broken, or easily breaking short, without splinters, or loose parts, rent from the substance ; fragile ; not tough or tenacious. BRIT'TLE-LY, adv. In a brittle manner. BRIT'TLE-NESS, n. Aptness to break ; fragility ; opposed to toughness and tenacity. BRIZE, n. The gad fly. See Breeze. BRoACH, n. [Fr. broche.] 1. A spit, and, in some parts of the English dominions, an awl, and a bodkin. 2. A mu- sical instrument. 3. A clasp or small utensil to fasten a vest. [See Brooch.J 4. A start of the head of a young stag. BRoACH, V. t. [W. prociaw,] 1. To spit ; to pierce, as with a spit. 2. To tap ; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw the liquor ; hence, to let out. 3. To open, as a stoi-e ; [unusual.] 4. To utter ; to give out ; to publish first • to make public what was before unknown. — To broach tOj in navigation, to incline suddenly to windward. BROACHED, pp. Spitted ; tapped ; opened ; uttered ; first published. BRoACH'ER, n. A spit ; one who broaches, opens, or ut- ters ; a first publisher. Dryden. BROAD, (brawd) a. [Sax. brad.] 1. Wide ; extended in breadth, or from side to side. 2. Wide ; extensive ; vast. 3. Large. 4. Open ; clear ; not covered, confined or concealed. 5. Gross ; coarse. 6. Plain ; tending to obscenity.. 7. Bold ; not delicate ; not reserved. 8. Com- prehensive. — Broad as long, equal upon the whole. L^Estrajige. BROAD-AX, (brawd'ax) n. Formerly, a military weapon In modern usage, an axe for hewing timber. BROAD- BACKED, a. Having a broad back. BROAD-BLoWN, a. Full blown. Shak. BROAD-BREAST-ED, a. Having a broad breast. BROAD-BRIMMED, a. Having a broad brim. BROAD-CAST, 71. Among farmers, a casting or throwing seed from the hand for dispersion in sowing. BROAD-CAST, adv. By scattering or throwing at large from the hand. BROAD-CAST, a. Cast or dispersed upon the ground with the' "hand, as seed in sov/ing ; opposed to planting in hills or rows. BROAD-CLOTH, n. A species of woolen cloth, so called from its breadth. BROAD'ENj (brawd'dn) v. i. To grow broad. [Unusual.] BROAD'-EyED, a. Having a wide view or survey. Shak. BR0AD'-FR6NT-ED, a. Having a broad front. BROAD-HORNED, a. Havmg large horns. BROAD'ISH, a. Rather broad. Russel. BR0AD'-LI;AVED, or BROAD'-LEAFED, a. Having Iroad leaves. BROAD'LY, adv. In a broad manner. BROAD'NESS, n. Breadth ; extent from side to side • coarseness ; grossness ; fulsomeness. BROAD'-PIeCE, 72. A piece of gold coin. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTILL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH TH i iin this t Obsolete, BRO 108 BRO UROAD-SeAL. 71. The great seal of England ; as a verb, notused. BROAD'-SHoUL-DERED, a. Broad across the shoulders. Spectator. BROAD'-SIDE, n. 1. A discharge of all the guns on one side of a siiip, above and below, at the same time. 2. The side of a ship, above the water, from the bow to the quarter. — 3. In printing, a sheet of paper containing one large page, or printed on one side only. nROAD'-SPREx\D-ING, a. Spreading widely. Shak. BROAD'-SWoRD, (brawd'sord) n. A sword with a broad blade, and a cutting edge. Ash. BROAD'-TAILED, a. Having a broad tail. Sandys. BROAD'-WISE, ado. In the direction of the breadth. BI10-€aDE, ?t. [Sp. firocado.] Silk stuff, variegated with gold and silver , or raised and enriched with flowers, foli- age, and other ornaments. BRO-€aD'ED, ffl 1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with gold and silver. 2. Dressed in brocade. BE.O-€aDE'-SHELL, n. The trivial name of the conus geo- graphicus. BRo'€AGE, n. 1. The premium or commission of a broker. 2 The hire given for any unlawful office. 3. The trade of a broker ; a dealing in old things. 4. The business of a broker. 5. The act of pimping. Ash. BRo'€A-TEL, ) n. [Sp. brocatel.] 1. A calcarious 8Ro-€ A-TEL'LO, \ stone. 2 A kind of coarse brocade, used chiefly for tapestry. BROe'€0-LI, n. [It. broccolo.] A variety of cabbage, or brjissica. BRoCHE. The true, but not the common, orthography of broach. RROCK, n. [Sax. broc] A badger. i;R.O€K'ET, n. A red deer two years old. Bailey writes tills brock or brocket. The French write it brocard. BRoDE'KIN, 71. [Fi. brodequin.] A buskin or half boot, r BROG'GLE, v. i. To fish for eels. BRoGUE, (brog) n. [Ir. brog.^ 1. A shoe. 2. A cant word for a corrupt dialect or manner of pronunciation. 3. Jjrogues is used by Shenstone for breeches, from the Irish brog. BRoGUE'-Ma-KER, 71. A maker of brogues. f BROID, V. t. To braid. See Braid. BROID'ER, V. t. [Fr. broder.] To adorn with figures of needle-work. BROID'ER-ER, n. One that embroiders. BROID'ER-Y, n. Embroidery ; ornamental needle-work wrought upon cloth. Ticket. See Embroider. yROIL, 71. [Fr. brovillerie.] A tumult ; a noisy quarrel ; contention ; discord, either between individuals or in the state. BROIL, V. t. [Fr. brouiller.] To agitate with heat ; to dress or cook over coals, or before the fire. BROIL, V. i. To be subjected to the action of heat, like meat over the fire ; to be greatly heated, or to sweat with heat. BROILED, pp. Agitated or dressed by heat. BROIL'ER, n. One that excites broils ; that which dresses by broiling. BROIL'ING, ppr. Agitating by heat ; sweating. BROKE, V. i. [Sax. bracaji.] To transact business for another in trade. BROKE, pret. and^^p. of break. BRo'KEN, (bro'kn) pp. of break. Parted by violence ; rent asunder ; infirm ; made bankrupt. BRO'KEN-BA€KED, a. A broken-backed ship is one which is so weakened in her frame as to droop at each end. BRO'KEN-BEL-LIED," a. Having a ruptured belly. BRO'KEN-HEXRT-ED, a. Having the spirits depressed or crushed by grief or despair. BRo'KEN-LY, adv. In a broken, interrupted manner ; without a regular series. Hakeicill. BRO'KEN-MEAT, n. Fragments. Swift. BRO'KEN-NESS, n. 1. A state of being broken ; uneven- ness. 2. Contrition. BRo'KEN-WIND, ?i. A disease in horses, which disables them from bearing fatigue. BRo'KEN-WIND'ED, a. Having short breath, as a horse. ^Ro'KER, 71. 1 . An agent or negotiator, who is employed by merchants to transact business. 2. One who deals in old household goods. 3. A pimp or procurer. Shak. BRo'KER-A(jE, n. The fee, reward or commission given or charged for transacting business as a broker. BRaKER-LY, a. Mean ; servile. Jonson. t BR6'KER-Y, 71. The business of a broker. Hall. BRoK ING, ppr. Transacting business as a broker ; prac- ticed by brokers. Shak. BROME, 71. [Gr. (if)(i)pos.] A .iquid cf a deep red-brown color, very volatile. BRoME'-GRASS, 7i. A plant, the bromus. BRON€Ha-AL, a. [Gr. ^lioyxoi-] Belonging to the bron- chia, or ramifications of the wind-pipe in the lungs. BR0N€H'I€, a. The same as bronchial. BRON'GHO-CeLE, n. [Gr. jSpoy^off and KriXr).] An en- larged thyroid gland ; a tumor on the fore part of the neck, called goiter ; the Derbyshire neck. BR0N-€H0T'0-MY, 11. [Gr. |8f3oy%of and tojU)?.] An incia- ion into the windpipe or lanjnz, between the rings ; call- ed, also, tracheotomy . BROND, 71. A sword. See Brand. BRON-TOL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. (i^ovrn and Xoyog.] A discourse or dissertation upon thunder. * BRONZ, ) n. [Fr. bronze.] 1. A compound of copper * BRONZE, \ and tin, to which other metallic substances are sometimes added, especially zink. 2. A color pre- pared for the purpose of imitating bronze. — 3. Among an- tiquaries, any figure of men, beasts, urns, or other piece of sculpture, which the ancients made of bronze. 4. Any statue or bust cast of bronze. — 5. Among medalists, any copper medal. * BRONZE, V. t. 1. To imitate bronze, by means of copper- dust or leaf. 2. To color like bronze. 3. To harden. * BRONZ'ING, ppr. Imitating bronze. * BRONZ'ING, n. The act or art of imitating bronze, by means of copper-dust or leaf. BRONZ'ITE, 71. A mineral. *BRoOCH, (broche) n. [Slav, obrutsh.] 1. An ornamertal utensil for fastening the vest, or the bosom of a shirt. 2. A jewel. — 3. With painters, a painting all of one color. BRoOCH, v.t. To adorn or furnish with brooches or jew- els. Shak. BROOD, v.i. [Sax. brod.] 1. To sit on and cover, as a fowl on her eggs. 2. To sit on ; to spread over, as with wings. 3. To remain a long time in anxiety or solicitous thought. 4. To mature any thing with care. BROOD, V. t. 1. To sit over, cover, and cherish. 2. To cherish. BROOD, n. [Sax. brod.] 1. Offspring ; progeny. 2. A hatch ; the young birds hatched at once. 3. That which is bred ; species generated ; that which is produced. 4. The actof covering the eggs, or of brooding. [Unusual.] Shak. BROOD'ED, pp. Covered with the wings ; cherished. BROOD'ING, ppr. Sitting on ; covering and warming ; dwelling on with anxiety. BROOD'Y, a. In a state of sitting on eggs for hatching , inclined to sit. [Unusual.] Ray. BROOK, ?(. [Sax. broc, or brooc] A small natural stream of water, or a current flowing from a spring or fountain less than a river. BROOK, V. t. [Sax. brucan.] Literally, to chew or digest. To bear 5 to endure ; to support. Dryden. t BROOK, V. i. To endure. Sidney. BROOK'-LIME, 77. A plant. BROOK'-MINT, n. The water mint. BROOK'-WEED, n. A plant, water pimpernel. BROOK' Y, a. Abounding with brooks. Dyer. BROOM, n. [Sax. brum.] 1. A plant of several species, called dyer's -weed. 2. A besom, or brush with a long handle, for sw'eeping floors. BROOM. See Bream. BROOM CORN, 7i. A species of holcus, or Guinea-corn, bearing a head, of which brooms are made. BROOM'ING a s/tij). See Bream. BROOM'LAND, 71. Land producing broom. BROOM'RAPE, n. A plant, orobanche. BROOmIth?!? ' ! "• ^^^ staff or handle of a broom. Swift BROOM'Y, a. Full of broom ; containing broom. BRoItEN H- ^"^°*- Craven dialect. BROTH, 71.' [Sax. broth.] 1. Liquor in which flesh is boiled and macerated. 2. In j3 /Merica, the word is often applied to foaming water. BROTH'EL, 7). [Fr.bordel.] A house of lewdness 5 a house appropriated to the purposes of prostitution ; a bawdy- house ; a stew. BROTH'EL-ER, n. One that frequents brothels. BROTH'EL-HOUSE, n. A brothel. BROTH'EL-RY, n. Lewdness ; obscenity. BRoTH'ER, 71. ; plu. Brothers, or Brethren. [Goth. brothar ; Sax. brother, — The common plural is brothers ,■ in the solemn style, brethren is used.] 1. A human male, born of the same father and mother. 2. Any one closely united. 3. One that resembles another in manners.— In Scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by blood more remote than a son of the same parents. Per- sons of the same profession call each other brother. — In a 7rtore general sense, brother, or brethren, is used for man in general. — Brother-german is a brother by the father's and mother's side, in contradistinction to a uterine brotherj or one by the mother only. BRoTH'ER-HOOD, 77. 1. The state or quality of being a brother. 2. An association of men for any purpose, as a society of monks ; a fraternity. 3. A class of men of the same kind, profession, or occupation. BRoTH'ER-LESS, a. Without a brother Shak. * See Synopsis E, T, O, C, Y, long.—YA^, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BtRD ;- f Obsolete. BRU 109 BUG BRoTH'ER-LIKE, a. Becoming a brother. Shak BRoTH'ER-LoVE, 71. Brotherly affection. F'hak. BR6TH'ER-LY, a. Pertaining to brothers ; such as is nat- ural for brothers ; becoming brothers ; kind ; affectionate. Shakspeare uses this word as an adverb. " I speak but brotherly.'^ BROUGHT, (brawt) pret. and pp. of bring. See Bring. BROW, n. [Sax. brcBw, bruwa.] 1. The prominent ridge over the eye, forming an arch above the orbit. — To knit the brows, is to frown. 2. The hair that covers the brow, forming an arch, called the eye-brow. 3. The forehead. Hence, the general air of the countenance. 4. The edge of a steep place, as the brink of a river or precipice. 5. A fringe of coppice, adjoining to the hedge of a field. BROW, V. t. To bound ; to limit. Milton. BROW'-ANT-LER, n. 1. The first start that growg on a deer's head. 2. The branch of a deer's born next the tail, BROW'-BeAT, v. t. To depress or bear down with haughty, stern looks, or with arrogant Speech and dogmatic asser- tions BROW'BeAT-EN, (brow'be-tn) pp. Overborne by impu- dence. BROW'BeAT-ING, ppr. Overbearing with severe brows, stern looks, or positive assertions. BROW'BeAT-ING, n. A bearing down with stem looks, supercilious manners, or confident assertions. BROW'BOUND, a. Crowned ; having the head encircled as with a diadem. Shak. BROW'LESS, a. Without shame. Addison. BROW'-PoST, n. Among builders, a beam that goes across a building. Encyc. tBROW'-SI€K, a. Dejected ; hanging the head. BROWN, a. [Sax. brun.] Dusky ; of a dark or dusky color, inclining to redness ; but the shades are various. Brown results from a mixture of red, black, and yellow. BROWN, V. t. To make brown or dusky. Barlow. BROWN'-BILL, n. A weapon formerly used by the English foot-soldiers. BROWNIE, n. A spirit, foolishly supposed to haunt old houses in Scotland. BROWN'ISH, a. Somewhat brown. BROWN'ISM, 71. The doctrines or religious creed of the Brown is ts. BROWN'IST, 71. A follower of Robert Brown. BROWN'NESS, n. A brown color- Sidney. BROWN-SPAR, 71. Pearl spar, or sidero-calcite. BROWN'-STUD-Y, n. Gloomy study ; dull thoughtfulness, BROWN'-WoRT, 71. 1. A plant, prunella. 2. A species of scrophularia, the vernalis. t BROWN'Y, a. Brown. Shak. BROWSE, V. t. [Gr. jSpwo-zcw.] To eat the ends of branches of trees and shrubs, or the young shoots. BROWSE', V. i. To feed on the tender branches or shoots of shrubs and trees, as cattle. BROWSE, (brows) n. The tender branches or twigs of trees and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals. BROWS'ING, ppr. Feeding on branches, shrubs, or shoots of trees. BRu'CIA, ) 71. A vegetable alkali, extracted from the BRu'CINE, \ bark of the false angustura. BRu'CIliiJ, ?!.. A mineral, the chondrodite o/Berzelius. BRuISE, V. t. [Sax. brysan.] To crush by beating or pounding with an instrument not edged or pointed. BRuISE, n. A contusion ; a hurt upon the flesh of animals, upon plants or other bodies, with a blunt or heavy instni- ment. BRUISED, pp. Crushed ; hurt or broken by a blunt or heavy instrument. BRuIS'ER, 71. 1. A concave too! for grinding the specula of telescopes. — 2. In vulgar language, a boxer. BRUlSE'WoRT, n. A plant, comfrey. BRuIS'ING, ppr. Crushing ; breaking or wounding by a blunt or heavy instrument. BRuIS'ING, n. In popular language, a beating or boxing. t BRuIT, 71. [Fr.] Report ; rumor ; fame. fBRuIT, V. t. To report ; to noise abroad. BRu'MAL, 71. [L. bruma.'] Belonging to the winter. Brown. BRUME, 71. [Fr. brume.] Mist; fog; vapors. [Little used.] Barlow. t BRUN, or BURN, n. A river or stream. KRU-NETTE', ) n. [Fr.l A woman with a brown or dark BRU-NET', \ complexion. BRUN'ION, 71. [Fr. brugnon.] A sort of fruit between a plum and a peach. BRUNT, n [Dan. brynde, and brunst.] 1. The heat, or utmost violence of an onset ; the strength or violence of any contention. 2. The force of a blow ; violence ; shock of any kind. 3. A sudden effort. BRUSH, /J. [Fr. brosse.] 1. An instrument for cleaning any thing of dust and dirt by light rubbing. 2. The larger pencils used by painters. 3. Branches of trees lopped off ; brushwood ; a sense common in the United States. 4. The small trees and shrubs of a wood ; or a thicket of small trees. Encyc. 5. A skirmish ; a slight encounter ; also, an assault ; a shock, or rude treajSiient, from collision. 6. In electricity, the luminous appeaiance of electric matter. 7. A tail. BRUSH, V. t. 1. To sweep or rub with a brush. 2. To strike, as with a brush : to strike lighily, by passing over the surface, without injury or impression. 3. 'I'o paint witli a brush. 4. With off, to remove by brusliing. 5 To move as a brush ; to pass over with a light contact. BRUSH, V. i. 1. To move nimbly in haste ; to move so lightly as scarcely to be perceived. 2. To move or skim over, with a slight contact, or without much impression BRUSHED, pp. Rubbed with a brush ; struck lightly. BRUSH'ER, 71. One who brushes. BRUSH'ET. See Busket. BRUSH'ING, ppr Sweeping or rubbing with a brush , striking gently ; moving nunbly in haste ; skinmiing over lightly. BRUSH'ING, a. Brisk ; light. Encyc. BRUSH'LIKE, a. Resembling a brush, .^siat Res. BRUSH'WgOD, 71. Brush ; a thicket or coppice of small trees and slirubs ; also, branches of trees cut off. Drydcn BRUSH'Y, a. Resembling a brush ; rough ; shaggy ; having long hair. Boyle. BRUSK, a. [Fr. brusque.] Rude ; rough. Wotton. BRUS'TLE, (brus'sl) v. i. [Sax. brastlian.] To crackle ; to make a small crackling noise ; to rustle, as a silk garment ; to vapor, PlS a bully. BRUS'TLING, ppr. Crackling; rustling.; vaporing. jBRUT, «.i. [Vx.brouter.] To Drowse. Evelyn. BRu'TAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a brute. 2 S'\age ; cruel , inhuman ; brutish ; unfeeling, like a brute , .merciless. BRU-TAL'I-TY, n. Inhumanity ; savageness , churlish- ness ; insensibility to pity or shame. BRu'TAL-iZE, V. t. To make brutal, churlish, or inhuman. BRU'TAL-iZE, v. i. To become brutal, inhuman, or coai-se and beastly. Addison. BRu'TAL-LY, adv. Cruelly ; inhumanly ; in a coarse, churlish, or brutal manner. Arbuthnot. BRUTE, a. [Fr. brut.] 1. Senseless ; unconscious. 2. Ir- rational ; ferine. 3. Bestial ; in common with beasts. 4. P.ough ; uncivilized ; insensible. BRUTE, n. 1. A beast ; any animal destitute of reason 2. A brutal person ; a savage in hea; t or manners ; a low- bred, unfeeling man. t BRUTE, V. t. fSr bruit, to report. BRuTE'LY, adv. In a rude manner. Milton. t BRuTE'NESS, 71. Brutality. Spenser. BRu'TI-Fy, V. t. To make a person a brute , to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling. Congreve. BRu'TISH, a. 1. Like a brute or beast. 2. Insensible ; stupid. 3. Unfeeling ; savage ; ferocious ; brutal. 4. Gross ; carnal ; bestial. 5. Ignorant ; uncivilized ; un- taught. BRu'TISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a brute ; grossly ; irrationally ; stupidly ; savagely. BRu'TISH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; insensibility ; brutality ; savageness ; the qualities of a brute. BRu'TlSM, 71. The nature and characteristic qualities of a •brute. tBRUT'TING, 71. Browsing. BRY'O-NY, 7i.'[L bryonia.] White jalap; a genus of plants of several species. — Black bryony is a genus of plants, called tamus. BUB, n. A cant word for strong malt liquor. Prior. t BUB, V. t. To throw out in bubbles. Sackville. BUB'BLE, 7?, [D. bobbel.] 1 A small bladder or vesicle of water or other fluid, inflated with air. 2. Any thing that wants firmness or solidity ; a vain project ; a fraud. 3. A person deceived. BUB'BLE, v. i. 1. To rise in bubbles, as liquors when boil- ing or agitated. 2. To run with a gurgling noise. BUB'BLE, v. t. To cheat ; to deceive or impose on. BUB'BLER, 71. One who cheats. Digby. EUB'BY, n. A woman's breast. Arbuthnot. BtJ'BO, n. [Gr. ^ov(3(ov ; L. bubo.] A tumor or abscess with inflammation, which rises in certain glandular parts of the body, as in the groin, or armpit. BU-BON'O-CeLE, 77. [Gr. i8oi;/?a)vand a:»;>j?.] Hernia in- guinalis, or inguinal rupture. t Bu'BU-KLE, n. A red pimple. Shak. BU-BUL'CA, 77. A flat fresh-water fish. BUC-A-NEER', ) n. [Fr. boucaner.] Primarily, a bucaneer BU€-A-NIeR', \ is said to be one who dries and smokes flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians. The name was first given to the French settlers in Halt? or Hispan- iola, whose business was to hunt wild cattle and swine. It was afterwards applied to the piratical adventurers, English and French, who combined to make depredations on the Spaniards in America. BU-€A'0, 71. A species of owl, in the Philippine isles. BUCCAL, a. [L. bucca.] Pertainins to the cheek. BUe-CEL-I.A'TION, n. [L. buccella, buccea.] The act of breaking into large pieces. • See Synopsis MOVE BOQK, DoVE ;— BIJLL. UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. BUD 110 BUI BU€'CI-NITfi, n. Fossil remains or petrifactions of the shells called buccinum. BU-CENT'AUR, n The state barge of Venice. BU-CEPH'A-LUS, n An animal of the gazelle tribe. BU'CE-ROS, n. The hornbill, or Indian raven. BUeH'OL-ZITE, n. A mineral. BU€K, n. [G. bauche, beuche.] 1. Lye in which clothes are soaked in the operation of bleaching ; the liquor in which clothes are washed. 2. The cloth or clothes soaked or washed in lye. BUCK, V. t. [G. beuchen.} To soak or steep in lye, a pro- cess in bleaching ; to wash or steep in lye or suds. BU€K, n. [Sajc. buc, bucca.] The male of the fallow deer, of the goat, the sheep, the rabbit and hare. BU€K, V. i. To copulate as bucks and does. BU€K '-BASKET, n. A basket in which clothes are carried to the wash. Shak. BQ€K'BeAN, n. This is properly bogbean. BU€KED, pp. Soaked in lye. ^sh. BU€K'ET, n. [Sax. buc] The vessel in which water is drawn or earned. BU€K'ING, ppr. Soaking in lye, in the process of bleach- ing ; washing. BCJ€K'ING, n. TJtie act or process of soaking cloth in lye for bleaching ; also, the lye or liquor ; a washing. BU€K'1NG-ST00L, n A washing block. BU€'KLE, n. [Ft. boucle.] 1. An instrument made of some kind of metal, for fastening togetlier certain parts of dress, as the straps of shoes. 2. A curl, or a state of being curled or crisped, as hair. 3. In coats of arms, a token of the surety, faith and service of the bearer. BUe'KLE, V. t. 1. To fasten with a buckle, or buckles. 2. To prepare for action ; a metaphor, taken from buckling on armor. 3. To join in battle. 4. To confine or limit. BU€'KLE, V. i. To bend; tc bow.— T'o buckle to, to bend to ; to apply with vigor ; to engage with zeal. — To buckle in, to close in ; to embrace or seize the body, as in a scuffle; a popular use in .America. — 7'o buckle with, to encounter with embrace ; to join in close combat. BUfK'LER, n. [W. bwccled.] A kind of shield, or piece of defensive armor. t BU€K'LER, V. t. To support ; to defend. Shak. BU€K'LER-THORN, n. Christ's thorn. BU€K'MiiST, n. [buck, that is, beach, and mast.] The mast, or fruit of the beach tree. BU€K'RAM, n. [Fr. bourrran.] A coarse linen cloth, stif- fened with glue. BU€K'RAM, a. Stiff; precise. Fulke. BU€K'RAMS, n. The same as wild garlic. BU€KS'HORN, n. A plant, a species of plantago, or plan- tain, called coronopu^. BU€K'SKIN, n. The skin of a buck, .ds an adjective, )! ade of leather, prepared from the skin of a buck. BU€K'STALL, n. A toil or net to take deer. BU€K'TH'6RN, n. A genus of plants, called rhamnus, of many species. BU€K'WHkAT, n. [D. boek-weit.] A plant and a species o* grain ; called also brank. BU eOL'I€, or B[J-€OL'I-€AL, a. [Gr. ^ovKoXog.] Pas- toral. BU-€OL'I€, n. 1. A pastoral poem, representing rural af- fairs. 2. A writer of pastorals. BUD, n. [D. bot.] A gem ; the shoot of a plant ; a small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, contain- ing the rudiments of future leaves or a flower. BUD, V. i. 1. To put forth or produce buds or gems. 2. To put forth shoots ; to grow as a bud into a flower or shoot. 3. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the man- ner of a bud, cis a horn. 4. To be in bloom, or growing like a young plant. BUD, V. t. To inoculate a plant ; to insert the bud of a plant under the bark of another tree, for the purpose of raising, upon any stock, a species of fruit different from that of the stock. BUD'DED, pp. Put forth in buds ; inoculated. BUD'DHISM, n. The doctrines of the Buddhists. BUD'DING, ppr. Putting forth buds ; inoculating. BUD DLE, n. In mining, a large square frame of boards, used in washing tin ore. .dsh. BUD DLE, V. i. Among miners, to wash ore. BUDGE, V. t. [Fr. and Norm, bouger.] To move off; to stir; to wag. In .America, 7r, a g is much used as equiva- lent to budire ; but the use of both words is vulgar. BUDGE, 71. The dressed skin or fur of lambs. BUDGE, a. 1. Brisk; jocund. 2. Surly; stiff; formal; [obs.] BUDGE'-BACH'E-LORS. A company of men who accom- pany the lord mayor of London at his inauguration. BUD6E'-B AR-REL, n. A small barrel with only one head, used for carrving powder. t BUDGE NESS, n. Sternness; severity. BUDG'ER, 71. One who moves or stirs from his place. BUDG'ET, n. [Ft. bougette.] 1. A bag ; a little sack, with its contents. H mce, a stock or store. 2. The papers re- iP spectmg the finances of the British nation.— TV? open the budget, to lay before a legislative body the papers of the executive government. fBUDG'Y, a. Consisting of fur. BUD'LET, n. A little bud springing from a parent bud. BUFF, 71. [contracted from buj/alo, or buffskiu.] 1. Buff- skin ; a sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buf- falo. 2. A military coat made of bufl'-skin or similar leather. 3. The color of buft"; a light yellow. 4. A yel- low, viscid substance, formed on the surface of blood drawn in inflammatory diseases. Parr. BUFF, ?;. t. To strike. See Buffet. UFF'A-LO, n. [It. and Sp. bufalo.] The buhalus, a spe- cies of the bovine genus. I he name is also applied to wild oxen in general, and particularly to the bison of North America. See Bison. BUFF'EL, n Buffel's-head duck, a bird. BUFF'ET, 71 [Ft. buffet.] A cupboard, or set of shelves, for plates, glass, china and other like furniture. BUFF'ET, n. [It. buff'etto.] A blow with the fist ; a box on the ear or face ; a slap. Milton. BUFF'ET, V. t. 1. To strike with the hand or fist ; to box ; to beat. 2. To beat in contention ; to contend against. BUFF'ET, V. i. To exercise or play at boxing. BUFF'ET-ED, pp. Struck ; beaten. BUFF'ET-ER, n. One who buffets ; a boxer. BUFF'ET-ING, ppr. Striking with the hand ; boxing ; con tending against. BUFF'ET-ING, n. 1. A striking with the hand. 2. Con- tention ; attack ; opposition. BUFF'IN, 71. A sort of coarse stuff. BUF'FLE, n. [Fr.] The buflalo. BUF'FLE, V. i. To puzzle ; to be at a loss. Swift. BUF'FLE-HEAD, n. One who has a large head. BUF'FLE-HEAD-ED, a. Having a large head, like a buf- falo ; dull ; stupid ; foolish. BUFF'ON, n. The Numidian crane. BUF-FOON', n. [Fr. bovffon.] 1. A man who makes a practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures and postures, jokes and other vulgar pleasantries. A droll ; a mimic. 2. He that uses indecent raillery. BUF-FOON', V. t. To make ridiculous. BUF-FOON ER-Y, n. The arts and practices of a buffoon ; low jests ; ridiculous pranks ; vulgar tricks and pos- tures. BUF-FOON'ING, n. Buffoonery. Dry den. BUF-FOON'ISH, a. Like a buffoon ; consisting inlow jesta or gestures. BUF-FOON'ISM, n. The practices of a buffoon. t BUF-FOON 'iZE, v. i. To play the fool, jester, or bufibon- BUF-FOON'-LIKE, a. Resembling a buffoon. BUF-FOON'LY, a. Consisting of low vulgar tricks. BO'FON-lTE, 7!. [L. bufo.] Toadstone. BUG, 77. [qu. W. ba^, byran.] The name of a vast multi- tude of insects, which infest houses and plants. BUG, or BUG'BEaR, n. [W. bwg.] A frightful object ; a walking spectre ; any thing imaginary that is considered as friglitful. Locke. BUG'BEaR, v. t. To alarm or frighten with idle phantoms. Archbishop King. BU-GEE', n. A species of monkey in India. BU-GEL'U-GEY, n. A large species of lizard BUG'GER, n. [Fr. bougre.] One guilty of the crime against nature. A vile wretch ; a term of reproach. BUG'GER-Y, V. The unnatural and detestable crime of carnal intercourse of man or woman with a beast ; or of human beings unnaturally with each other. Sodomy. BUG'Gl-NESS, n. The state of being infected with bugs. BUG'GY, a. Abounding with bugs. BtJ'GLE, or Bu'GLE-HORN, n. [W. bugail.] I, A hunt- ing-horn. Shak. 2. A military instrument of music. Bu'GLE, 71. A shining bead of black glass. Shak. BtJ'GLE, n. [Ij.bugula, or bugillo.] A genus of plants ajuga, of sevei'al species. BC'GLE, 7!. [L. bucidus.] A sort of wild ox. Bu'GLE-WEED, n. A plant, the lycopus virginicv^. BtJ'GLOSS, 71. [L. biiglossus.] A genus of plants. BUG'WoRT, 71 A plant, the cimicifuga. RUHR STONE, n. A subspecies of silex or quartz. This word is often written burr-stone. BUILD, ) (bild) v. t. pret. built ; pp. built. The regular BILD, ) pret. and pp.,/ i/iWf^Z, is sometimes used. [Sax. bijldav.] 1. To frame, construct, and raise, as an edifice. 2. To raise by art ; to frame or shape into a particular form. 3. To raise any thing on a support or foundation. 4. In Scripture, to increase and strengthen ; to cement and knit together ; to settlft^ or establish and preserve. BUILD, (bild) V. i. 1. To exercise liit art, or practice the business of building. 2. To construct, rest or depend on as a foundation. BUILD'ER, (bild'cr) n. 1. One who builds ; an architect, a ship-wright, a mason, &c. 2. A creator. BUILD'ING, (bild'ing) ppr. Framing and erecting ; resting on. * See S7jnop^s. A, K, I, O, U, "?, long.—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARtNE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete BUL 111 BVN BUILD'ING, (bild'ing) 71. A fabric or edifice constructed for use or convenience, as a house. BUILT, (bilf) pp. Framed and raised ; constructed. BUILT, (bill) n. I. Form ; shape ; general figure of a structure. Dryden. 2. Species of building. BUL, n. The common flounder. Chambers. BULB, 71. [Gr. ^o'X^os.] A round body, applied to many objects. But, in botany, it is appropriately a bud formed under ground, upon or near the roots of certain herbaceous plants, which are hence called bulbous plants, as the onion and lily. BULB, V. i. To bulb out, is to project or be protuberant. [Little used.] Evelyn. BUL-Ba'CEOUS, a. Bulbous. BULBED, a. Round-headed. BUL-BIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing bulbs. BULB'OUS, a. 1. Containing bulbs or a bulb; growing from bulbs ; round or roundish. 2. Containing a knob, or protuberant part ; swelling out ; presenting rounded elevations. BUL'CHIN, n. A young male calf. Marston. BUL6E, n. A different orthography of bilge. [W. bwlg.] The bilge or protuberant part of a cask 5 protuberance. BULGE, v.i. 1. To swell out ; to be protuberant. 2. To bilge as a ship. See Bilge. BULG'ING, ppr. or a Swelling ou* ; bilging, jis an ad- jective, protuberant. BU'LI-MY, ?i. [Gr. jSouXt|Uto(.] A voracious appetite ; a dis- ease in which the patient has a perpetual and insatiable appetite for food, and otten faints, if not indulged. BULK, 71. [W.bulg.] 1. Magnitudeof material substance ; whole dimensions •, size of a thing. 2. The gross ; the majority 5 the main mass or body. Sicift. 3. Main fabric. 4. The whole content of a ship's hold for the stowage of goods. 5. A part of a building jutting out. Shak. — To break bulk, in seamen^s language, is to begin to unload. — Laden in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold, or not inclosed in boxes, bales or casks. BULK'-HEAD, n. A partition in a ship, made with boards, to form separate apartments. BULK'I-NESS, n. Greatness in bulk, size or stature. BULK'Y, a. Large; of great dimensions. BULL, 71. [G. bull.] 1. The male of the bos, or bovine genus of quadrupeds, of which cow is the female. 2. In a Scriptu- ral sense, an enemy. 3. Taurus, one of the twtlve signs oi'the zodiac. BULL, 71. [It. bolla. This name was given to the seal which was appended to the edicts and briefs of the pope, and, in process of time, applied to the edict itself. Spel- man.] 1. A letter, edict or rescript of the pope, published or transmitted to the churches over which he is head, containing some decree, order or decision. 2. A blunder or contradiction. Pope. BULL, a prefix, signifies a bull, or large, or having a large head. BTJLL'-BaIT-ING, n. The practice of baiting or exciting bulls with dogs. Addison. BULL'-BEEF, n. The flesh of a bull ; coarse beef. BULL'-BEG-GAR, n. Something terrible, or frightful. BULL'-CaLF, 7i. A male calf; a stupid fellow. BiJLL'-DOG, n. A species of dog of a particular form, and of remarkable courage. BULL'S'-EyE, n. 1. Among seamen, a piece of wood in the form of a ring. 2. Aldebaran, a star. 3. A small, obscure cloud, portending a great storm. BULL'-FACED, a. Having a large face. Dryden. BULL'-FEAST. See Bull-fight. BtJLL'-FlGHT, n. A combat with a bull ; an amusement among the Spaniards and Portuguese. BIJLL'-FINCH, 71. A bird of the sparrow kind. BULL'-FLY, or BULL'-BEE, 71. An insect. BULL'-FEOG, 7i. A large species of frog. BULL'-HEAD, n. 1. A genus of fishes, the cottus. 2. A stupid fellow ; a lubber. 3. A small, black, water vermin. BULL'-TROUT, n. A large species of trout. BULL'- WEED, n. Knap weed. Johnson. BTJLL'-WoRT, 71. Bishopsweed. Johnson. BULL'- ACE, n. 1. The bully-tree, or chrysophyllum, a plant. 2. The wild plum. BUL-L ANTIC, a. Designating certain ornamental capital letters, used in apostolic bulls. It is used also as a noun. BULL'A-RY, 71. A collection of papistical bulls. BUL'LATE, a. [L. bullatus.] Having elevations, like blis- ters. BULL'ET, 71. [Fr. boulet.] A ball of iron or lead called also shot, used to load guns for killing man or beast. BULL'E-TIN, n. [Fr.] 1. An ofiicial report from an officer to his commander or superior. 2. An official report of a physician respecting the king's health. 3. A little note given by a banking company. 4. It is sometimes used for a notice, or public announcement. * BULL'ION, n. [Fr. billon.] Uncoined gold or silver in the mass. BUL'LI-RAG, V. t. To insult in a bullying manner. BULL'ISH, a. Partaking of the nature of a bull or blunder. Milton. BULL'IST, n. A writer of papal bulls. Harmar. BUL'LlTE, 71. A petrified shell, or the fossil remains of shells, of the genus bulla. t BUL-Li"TION, 72. [L. bullio.] The act or state of boiling- Superseded by ebullition. BULL'OCK, 71. [Sax. bulluca.] An ox, or castrated bull. "in America, it is applied to a full-grown ox. BULL'Y, 71. [Svv. bbla.] A noisy, blustering, overbearing, "quarrelsome fellow, more distinguished for insolence and empty menaces than for courage. Addison. BULL'Y, V. t. To insult and overbear with noise and blus "tering menaces. King. BULL'Y, V. i. To be noisy and quarrelsome. BiJL'RUSH, 71. [bole, or boll, and rush.] A large kind of rush, growing in wet land or water. BUL'RUSH-Y, a. Made of bulrushes. Huloet. t BUL'TEL, 71. A bolter or bolting cloth ; also, bran. BUL'WARK, 71. [^w.bolvarck.] 1. In /or«(^catio7i, a bas- tion, or a rampart, &c. 2. A fortification ; also, any means of defense. 3. That which secures against an enemy or external annoyance ; a screen or shelter ; means of protection and safety. BUL'WARK, V. t. To fortify with a rampart ; to secure by a fortification ; to protect. Addison. BUM, 71. The buttocks ; the part on which we sit. BUM, V. i. To make a noise. Marston. BUM-BaIL'IFF, 71. [a corruption of bound bailiff.] In England, an under-bailiff. BUM^BARD. See Bombard. BUM'BAST, n. [a different orthography of bombast, which see.] 1. A cloth made by sewing one stuff upon anoth- er ; patchwork. 2 Linei.. stuffed with cotton ; stuffing j wadding. BUM'BLE-BEE, 71. [1.. bombns.] A large bee, sometimes caWedJiumble-bee ; so named from its sound. BUM'BoAT, 71. A small boat, for carrying provisions to a ship at a distance from shore. BUM'KIN, 71. [See Bumpkin.] 1. A short boom projecting from each bow of a ship. 2. A small out-rigger over the stern of a boat. BUMP, n. [W. picmp.] 1. A swelling or protuberance. 2. A thump ; a heavy blow. BUMP, V. i. To make a loud, heavy or hollow noise, as the bittern. It is also written boom ; [W. bwmp.] BUMP, V. t. To strike as with or against any thing large or solid ; to thump. BUMP'ER, n. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or tfll the liquor runs over. Dryden. BUMP'KIN, 72. An awkward, heavy rustic ; a clown, or country lout. Locke. t BUMP'KIN-LY, a. Clownish. Richardson. BUNCH, 72. [W. pwng.] 1. A protuberance ; a hunch ; a knob or lump. 2. A cluster ; a number of the same kind growing together. 3. A number of things tied together. 4, A collection of things ; a knot. BUNCH, V. i. To swell out in a protuberance ; to be protu- berant or round. BUNCH, V. t. To fonn or tie in a bunch or bunches. BUNCH-BACKED, a. Having a bunch on the back ; crooked. BUNCH'I-NESS, n. The quality oV being bunchy, or grow- ing in bunches. BUNCH' Y, a. Growing in bunches ; like a bunch ; having tufts. BUN'DLE, 72. [Sax. byndel.] 1. A number of things put together. 2. A roll ; any thing bound or rolled into a convenient form for conveyance. BUN'DLE, v.t. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll ; often followed by up. Swift. BUNG, 72. [Fr. bondon.] 1. The stopple of the orifice in the bilge of a cask. 2. The hole or orifice in the bilge of a cask. BUNG, V. t. To stop the orifice in the bilge of a cask with a bung ; to close up. BUNG'-HOLE, 71. The hole or orifice in the bilge of a cask. BUN'GLE, (bung'gl) v. i. To perform in a clumsy, awk ward manner. Dryden. BUN'GLE, V. t. To make or mend clumsily ; to botch ; to manage awkwardly ; with up. Dryden. BUN'GLE, 72. A botch ; inaccuracy ; gross blunder ; clumsy performance. Ray. BUN'GLER, 72. A clumsy, awkward workman ; one who performs without skill. Peacham. BUN'GLING, ppr. Performing awkwardly. BUN'GLING, a. Clumsy ; awkwardly done. BUN'GLING-LY, adv. Clumsily ; awkwardly. BUNK, 72. [Dan. bynke.] A case or cabin of boards for a bed ; a word used in some parts of America. BUNN, or BUN, 72. [Scot, bun, bunn.] A small cake, or a kind of sweet bread. Oay. Sec Syvops MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;-BULTi, UNITE.— € as K ; Gas J ; S as Z ; CHaa SH ; THasin thio. t Obsolete BUR 112 BUR BUN'SING, n. An animal found at the Cape of Good Hope. BUNT, n. The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail. BUNT, V, i. 1. To swell out. 9. In popular language, to push with the horns -, to butt. BUNT'Eil, h. A cam word for a woman who picks up rags in tiie streets ; hence, a low, vulgar woman. BUNT'ING, w. A bird of the genus emberiza. BUNT'ING, or BUN'TINE, n. [Ger. bunt.] A thin woolen Ftuff', of which the colors or flags and signals of ships are made. BUNT'LINES, n. Ropea fastened to cringles on the bottoms of aqiare sails. * BUOY", (bwoy) n. [Fr. bouee.] A close empty cask, or a block of wood or cork, fastened by a rope to an anchor, and floating on the water, to show where the anchor is situated. * BUOY'ROPE, n. The rope which fastens a buoy to an an- chor. * BUOY, (bwoy) v. t. 1. To keep afloat in a fluid ; to bear up, or keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air ; with up. 2. To support, or sustain ; to keep from sinking into ruin or despondency. 3. To fix buoys, as a direction to mariners. * BUOY, (bwoy) v. ?.. To float ; to rise by specific lightness. * BUOY'AN-CY, (bwoy'an-sy) n. The quality of floating on the surface of water, or in the atmosphere ; specific lifflitncss. *BUOY'ANT, (bwoy'ant) a. 1. Floating-, light; that will not sink •, having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid. 2. Bearing up, as a fluid ; [unusual.] Dryden. BU-PRES'TES n. A species of cantharides. BUR, BOUR, or BOR, Sax. bur, signifies a chamber or a cottage. BUR, n. [Sax. burre.] 1. A rough, prickly covering of the seeds of certain plants, as of the chestnut. 2. A broad ring of iron behind the place for the hand on a spear, used in tilting. BUR'BOT, 71. [from L. barbatus.] A fish of the genus ga- dus, shaped like an eel. BURD'E-LAIS, (bur'de-lay) n A sort of grape. BURD'EN, (bur'dn) n. written also bxirthen. [Sax. hyrdcn, byrthen.] 1. That which is borne or carriefi ; a load. 2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty ; that which is grievous, wearisome or oppressive, 3. A birth. Shak. 4. [Fr. bourdon.] The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each verse ; the chorus. 5. In common language, that which is often repeated •, a subject on which one dwells. 6. A fixed quantity of cer- tain commodities. 7. The contents of a ship ; the quan- tity or number of tuns a vessel will carry. 8. A club ; Ijwt in use.] Spenser. BURD'EN, (bur'dn) v. t. 1. To load ; to lay on a heavy load ; to incumber with weight. 2. To oppress with any thing grievous. 3. To surcharge. BURD'ENED, pp. Loaded with weight ; incumbered ; op- pressed. BURD'EN-ER, n. One who loads ; an oppressor. BURD'EN-OUS, a. 1. Grievous ; heavy to be borne ; op- pressive. 2. Cumbersome ; useless. Milton. BURD'EN-SoME, a. Heavy ; grievous to be borne 5 caus- ing uneasiness or fatigue ; oppressive. BURI)'EN-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of being burden- some ; heaviness ; oppressiveness. BURDOCK, n. A genus of plants. BU'REAU, (bu'ro) n. [Fr. bureau.] 1. A chest of drawers, for keeping papers, or clothes. 2. An embassador's or secretary's office. BURG, n. [This is the same word as borough, the only dif- ference being in the pronunciation of the final letter.] A borough ; originally, a fortified town, but now, a city or town, which sends members to parliament. See Borough. BURG'AGE, to. [from burg.] In English law, a tenure, applied to cities, or towns, or where houses or lands are held of some lord in common socage, by a certain estab- lished rent. BURG'A-MOT, M. 1. A species of pear. [See Bergamot.] 2. A kind of perfume. See Bergamot. BURG'A-NET, or BURG'0-NET, n. [Fr. bourguignote.] A kind of helmet, the Spanish murrion. BUR-GEOIS', (boor-zha) n. [Fr. bouro-eois.] A burgess. BUR-6EOIS', or BOUR-6EOIS', (bur-jois') n. A species of type, or printing letter, smaller than long primer, and larger than brevier. BUR'GEON. See Bourgeon. BURGEON, (bur'jun) n. In gardening, a knot or but- ton, put forth by the branches of a tree, in the spring. Chambers. BURG'ER-MAS-TER, n. An aquatic fowl. BURG'ESS, n. [Fr. bourgeois.] 1. An inhabitant of a bor- ough, or walled town ; or one who possesses a tenement therein ; a citizen or freeman of a borough. 2. A repre- sentative of a borough in parliament. 3. A magistrate of certain towns. BUR6'ESS-SHrP, n. The state or quality of a burgess. BURGH, (burg) 11. A different orthography of burg, borough, which see. BL"RGH'-BOTE, n. In old laws, a contribution towards the building or repairing of castles, &c. BURGH'-BRECH, n. A fine imposed on a burgh, for a breach of the peace. BURGIl'ER, n. An hihabitant of a burgh or borougii, or one who enjoys the privileges of a place. BURGH'ER-SHIP, n. The state or privilege of a burgher. BURGH'-MaS-TER, n. A burgomaster 5 also, an oliicer in the tin-mines. BURGH'MOTE, to. The court of a burgh or borough BURG'LAR, 71. [burgh, or burg, a house, and Arm. 'aer, a thief. ]^ One guilty of nocturnal house-brea ' ^ng. BURG-La'RI-AN, n. A person guilty of burglai^ . , BURG-La'RI-OUS, a. Pertaining to burglary ; constituting tiie crime of burglary. BURG-La'RI- OUS-LY, adv. With an intent to commit burg- lary ; in the manner of a burglar. BURG'LA-RY, to. The act or crime of nocturnal house- breaking, with an intent to commit a felony. BURG-MOTE, to. A 'lorough court. Burke. BURG'O-MAS-TER, to. A burgh-master ; a magistrate, or one employed in the government of a city. BUR'GRAVE, 7). [burg, and G. graf.] In some European countries, an hereditary governor of a town or castle. BUR'GUN-DY, to. A kind of wine, so called from Burgun- dy in France. Shenstonc. BURH is the same as burg, burgh, with the aspirate It is Saxon, and signifies a city, a castle, a house, or tower BUR'I-AL, (ber'-e-al) to. 1. The act of burying a deceased person ; sepulture ; interment. 2. The act of placing any thing under earth or water. 3. The church service for funerals. BUR'-I-AL-PLACE, to. A place appropriated tc the burial of the dead ; a grave-yard. BUR'I-ER, (ber'e-er) to. One who buries a deceased person. Bu'RIN, n. [Fr. burin.] A graver ; an insti-uraent for en- graving. BURL, V. t. 1. To dress cloth, as fullers do. Johnson. 2. To pick knots and loose threads off"trom cloth. BLR'LACE, TO. [a contraction of burdelais.] A sort of grape. BURL'ER, TO. A dresser of cloth. BUR-LESaUE', I a. [Fr. ; It. burlesco.] Jocular ; tending to BUR-LESK', \ excite laughter by ludicrous images. BUR-LESUUE', | n. 1. Ludicrous representation ; a contra^ BUR-LESK', \ between the subject and the manner of treating it, which tends to excite laughter or ridicule. 2. A composition in which the contrast between the subject and the manner of considering it renders it ludif vnus or ri- diculous. BUR-LESQUE ,}v. t. To turn into ridicule ; or to uoake BUR-LESK', ) ludicrous by representation. BUR-LESQ,'UER, ) to. One who burlesques, or turns to ridi- BUR-LESK'ER, \ cule. BUR-LET'TA, to. [It.] A comic opera ; a sical enter- tainment. BUR'LI-NESS, TO. Bulk ; bluster. BURL'Y, a. Great in size ; bulky ; tumid ; falsely great ; boisterous. Dryden. BURN, V. t. pret. and pp. burned or burnt. [Sax. bernan, bternan or byrnan.] 1. To consume with fire ; to reduce to ashes by the action of heat or fire. 2. To expel the vol- atile parts and reduce to charcoal by fire. 3. To cleanse of soot by burning ; to inflame. 4. To harden in the fire ; to bake or harden by heat. 5. To scorch j to affect by heat. 6. To injure by fire ; to aflTect the flesh by heat. 9. To dry up, or dissipate ; with up. 8. To dry excessive- ly ; to cause to wither by heat. 9. To heat or inflame ; to affect with excessive stimulus. 10. To affect with heat in cookery, so as to give the food a disagreeable taste. 11. To calcine with excessive heat. — To burn up, to con- sume entirely by fire. — To bum out, to burn till the fuel is all consumed. BURN, V. i. 1. To be on fire ; to flame. 2. To shine ; to sparkle. 3. To be inflamed with passion or desire. 4. To act with destructive violence, as fire. 5. To be in commotion ; to rage with destructive violence. 6. To be heated ; to be in a glow. 7. To be afl^ected with a sensation of heat, pain, or acidity. 8. To feel excess of heat. — To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted, and the fire ceases. BURN, TO. ]. A hurt or injury of the flesh, caused by the action of fire. 2. The operation of burning or baking, as in brichmaldng. BURN'A-BLE, a. That may be burnt. [Little used.] BURN-COW, or BURST'-COW, to. A genus of insects. BURNED, or BURNT, pp. Consumed with fire ; scorched or dried with fire or heat ; baked or hardened in the fire. BURN'ER, TO. A person who burns or sets fire to any thing BURN'ET, TO. A plant, poterium, or garden burnet. BUR^T'ET-SAX'I-FRAGE, to. A plant, pimpinella. BURNING, ppr. Consuming with fire ; flaming ; scorch See Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, Zoto^.- -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARWE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete BUR 113 BUT mg ; hardening by fire ; calcining ; charring ; raging as fire ; glowing. BURN'ING, 71. Combustion ; the act of expelling volatile matter and reducing to ashes, or to a calx ; a fire ; inflam- mation ; the heat or raging of passion. BURN ING, a. 1. Powerful ; vehement. 2. Much heated ; very hot ; scorching. BUKi\'ING-GLASS, n. A glass which collects the rays of the sun into a small space, called a focus, producing an intense heat. BURN ING-THORN'l! -PLANT. A species of spurge. BURN'ISH, V. t. [Fr. brunir.] To polish by friction ; to make smooth , bright and glossy. BURN'ISH, V. i. 1. To grow bright or glossy. Swift. 2. To grow ; to spread out. Dryden. BURN'ISH, n. Gloss ; brightness ; lustre. Christ. Obs. BURN'ISHED, pp. Polished ; made glossy. BURN'ISH-ER, n. 1. The person who polishes, or makes glossy. 2. An instrument used in polishing, of different kinds. BURN'ISH-ING, ppr. Polishing ; making smooth and glossy. BURN'OOSE, ) n. [Sp. albornoz.] An upper cloak or gar- BURN'OS, \ ment. BURNT, pp. of burn. Consumed ; scorched ; heated ; sub- jected to the action of fire. BURNT'-OF'FER-ING, n. Something offered, and burnt on an altar, as an atonement for sin ; a sacrifice ; called also burnt-sacrifice. BURR, n. 1. The lobe or lap of the ear. 2. The round knob of a horn next a deer's head. 3. The sweet-bread. BUR'RAS PIPE, n. An instrument or vessel used to keep corroding powders in. BUR'-REED, 71- A plant, the sparganium. BUR'REL, n. A sort of pear, called the red butter pear. BUR'REL-FL1f, n. The ox-liy, gad-bee, or breeze. BUR'REL-SHOT, n. [Fr. buurreler, and shot.] Small shot, nails, stones, pieces of old iron, &c., put into cases, to be discharged among enemies. BUR'ROCK, 7!. A small wier or dam where wheels are laid in a river, for catching fish. BUR'RoW, 71. A different orthography of bwrgh, borough, which see. BUR'RoW, 71. [Sax. byrgen.] A hollow place in the earth, or in a warren, where small animals lodge. BUR'RoW, V. i. To lodge in a hole excavated in the earthj to lodge in any deep or concealed place. BUR'RoW-ING, ppr. Lodging in a burrow. BURS' A R, 71. 1. A treasurer, or cash-keeper ; a purser. 2. A student, to whom a stipend is paid out of a burse, or fund. Johnson. BURS' AR-SHIP, n. The office of a bursar. Hales. BURS'A-RY, n. 1. The treasury of a college, or monastery. 2. In Scotland, an exhibition. BURSE, (burs) n. [Fr. bourse.] 1. A public edifice in certain cities, for the meeting of merchants, to consult on matters of trade and money ; an exchange. 2. In France, a fund or foundation for the maintenance of poor scholars in their studies. BURST, V. i. pret. and pp. burst. The old participle hursten is nearly obsolete. [Sax. byrstan, burstan.] 1 To fly or break open with force, or with sudden violence ; to suf- fer a violent disruption. 2. To break away ; to spring from. 3. To come or fall upon suddenly or with violence ; to rush upon unexpectedly. 4. To issue suddenly, or to come from a hidden or retired place into more open view. 5. To break forth into action suddenly. 6. To break or rush in with violence. BURST, V. t. To break or rend by force or violence ; to open suddenly. BURST, 71. 1. A sudden disruption ; a violent rending; a sudden explosion or shooting forth. 2. A rupture ; a her- nia. BURST, or BURST'EN, pp. or a. Affected with a rupture, or hernia. BURST, pp. Opened or rent asunder by violence. BURST'EN-NESS, n. The state of having a rupture ; the hernia. BURST'ER, 71. One that bursts. BURST'ING, ppr. Rending or parting by violence ; explod- ing. BURST'-WoRT, n. The herniaria, a plant said to be good ngainst hernia or ruptures. BURT, n. A flat fish of the turbot kind. Johnson. BURTH'EN See Burden. BUR'TON, (bur'tn) n. A small tackle formed by two blocks or pulleys. BUR'Y, (ber'ry) n This word is a different orthography of burg, burh, borough. It signifies a house, habitation, or castle, and is retained in many names of places, as in Shrewsbury, Danbury. The word is used by Oreto, for burrow. BUR'Y, (ber'ry) v. t. [Sax. byrian, burgan.] 1. To deposit a deceased person in the grave ; to inter a corpse ; to en- tomb. 2. To cover with earth, as seed sown. 3. To hide ; to conceal ; to overwhelm ; to cover with any thing. 4. To withdraw or conceal in retirement. 5. To commit to the water ; to deposit in the ocean. 6. To place one thing within another. 7. To forget and forgive ; to hide in oblivion — To bury the hatchet, in the languaa-e of American Indians B to lay aside the instruments of war, forget injuries, and make peace. BUR'Y-ING, (ber re-ing) ppr. Interring ; hiding ; cover- ing with earth ; overwhelming. BUR'Y-ING, 71. The act of interring the dead ; sepulture. BUll'Y-ING-PLACE, n. A grave-yaid ; a place appropri- ated to the sepulture of the dead ; a church-yard. BUR'i''-PEAR, 7i. [Fr. beur^e.] The name of a very tender and delicate pear. Cotgrave. BUSH, n. [D. bosch.] 1. A shrub with branches; a thick slirub ; also, a cluster of shrubs. With hxinters, a fox tail. 2. An assemblage of branches interwoven S. A branch of a tree fixed or hung out as a tavern sign. 4. A >^,rcle of metal let into the sheaves of such blocks as have iron pins, to prevent their wearing. BUSH, V. i. To grow thick or bushy. Milton. BUSH, V. t. To furnish a block with a bush. BJJSH'EL, 72. [Fr. boisseau.] 1. A dry measure, containing eight gallons, or four pecks. 2. A large quantity. 3. The circle of iron in the nave of a r/heel ; in America called a box. BUSH'EL-AgE, n. A duty payable on commodities by the bushel. BUSH'ET,7i. A wood. See Busket. BLTH'I-NESS, 71. The quality of being bushy. BUSH'-MAN, 71. [D. bosch-man.] A woodsman. fBUSH'MENT, 7i. A thicket ; a cluster of bushes. BUSK' Y, a. 1. Full of branches ; thick and spreading, like a bush. 2. Full of bushes ; overgrown with shmbs. BUS'IED, {hiz'ziA) pp. of busy. BUS'I-LESS, (biz'ze-les) a. Without business ; at leisure ; unemployed. BUS'I-LY, (biz'ze-ly) adv. 1. With constant occupation ; actively ; earnestly ; as, to be busily employed. 2. With an air of hurry or importance ; v/ith too much curiosity ; importunately ; officiously. BUS'I-NESS, (biz'nes) n. 1. Employment ; that wliich oc- cupies the tune, attention and labor of men. 2. Affairs ; concerns. 3. The subject of employment; that wliich engages the care and attention. 4. Serious engagement ; important occupation, in distinction from trivial affairs. 5. Concern; riglit of action or iiterposing. 6. A point ; a matter of question ; something lO be examined, consid- ered or performed. — To do the business for a man, is to kill, destroy, or ruin him. BUSK, n. [Fr. busqiLe.] A piece of steel or whale-bone, worn by women to strengthen their stays. tBUSK, «. A bush. BUSK, V. i. To be active or busy. Fairfax uses it in the sense oi prepare, transitively, "to busk them for the bat- tle." BUSK'ET, 7!. A small bush, or a compartment of shrubs in a garden. Spenser. BUSK'IN, 71. 1. Akindof half boot, or high shoe, covering the foot and leg to the middle, worn by ancient actors of'.;ragedy. 2. In classic authors , the word is used for tragedy. BUSK'INED, a. Dressed in buskins. Milton. BUSK'Y, a. Bushy; wooded; shaded or overgrown with trees or shrubs ; generally written bosky. BUSS, n. [L. basio ; Fr. baiser.] 1. A kiss ; a salute with the lips. 2. [D. buis.] A small vessel. BUSS, V. t. To kiss ; to salute with the lips. Shak. BUST, n. [It. and Sp. busto.] In sculpture, the figure of a person in relief, showing only the head, shoulders, and stomach. BUST'ARD, n. The tarda, a species of fowl of the grallic order. BUS'TLE, (bus'sl) v. i. To stir quick ; to be very active ; to be very quick in motion. BUS'TLE, (bus'sl) n. Hurry ; great stir ; rapid motion with noise and agitation ; tumult. BUSfTLER, (bus'ler) n. An active, stnring person. BUS TLING, (bus'ling) ppr. Stirring ; moving actively with noise or agitation. BUST'0, 7!. A bust ; sometunes, perhaps, used for a statue. BUS'Y, (biz'zy) a. [Sax. bysi, bysig.] 1. Employed with constant attention ; engaged about something that renders interruption inconvenient. 2. Actively employed ; occu- pied without cessation ; constantly in motion. 3. Active in that which does not concern the person ; meddling witli or prying into the affairs of others ; officious ; importu- nate ; vexatious. 4. Much occupied with employment. BUS'Y, (biz'zy) v. t. To employ with constant atteution ; to keep engaged ; to make or keep busy. BUS'Y-BOD-Y, (biz'ze-bod-e) n. A meddling person ; one who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others. BUT part, for butan. (Commonly, but not correctly classed, by exicographers, among conjunctions or prepositions.) * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE. 3 -€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tlds. t ObsoleU BUT 114 BY [Sax. butan, buton.] 1. Except ; besides ; unless. 2. Only. BUT, coTij. [Sax. bote.] More; further; noting an addition. BUT, n. [Ft. bout.] 1. An end; a limit; abound. 2. The end of a plank in a ship's side or bottom, which unites with another ; generally written butt. BUT, V. i. To be bounded by ; to lie contiguous to ; a word used in America. See Abut. )1UT-END, 71. The largest or blunt end of a thing. BUTCH'ER, n. [Fr. boucher.] 1. One who slaughters ani- mals for market. 2. One who kills men, or commands troops to kill them. BUTCH'ER, V. t. 1. To kill or slaughter animals for food, or for market. 2. To murder. BUTCH'ER-BiRD, n. The shrike, genus lanius. BUTCH'ER-LI-NESS, n. A cruel, savage, butcherly man- ner. ] BUTCH'ER-LY, a. Cruel ; savage ; murderous ; grossly ; and clumsily barbarous. Shak. ' BUTCH'ER-ROW, 71. The row, of shambles. Whitlock. ] BtjTCH'ER'S-BROOM, n. Ruscus ; a genus of plants, ! called also knee-holly. BUTCH'ER-Y, n. 1. The business of slaughtering cattle for the table, or for market. 2. Murder ; great slaughter, Dryden. 3. The place where animals are killed for mar- ket ; a shambles, or slaughter-house. BUT'LER, n. [Fr. bouteillier.] A servant or officer in the houses of princes and great men, whose principal business is to take charge of the liquors, plate, &;c. BUTLER-AGE, n. A duty of two shillings on every tun of wine imported into England by foreigners. BUTLER-SHIP, n. The office of a butler. BUT'MENT, n. 1. A buttress of an arch ; the supporter, or that part which joins it to the upright pier. 2. The mass of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which the extreme arches are sustained. It is written also abut- ment. BUT'SHAFT, n. An arrow to shoot at butts with. BUTT, 71. 1. Literally, end, furthest point. Hence, a mark to be shot at ; the point where a mark is set or fixed to be shot at. 2. The point to which a purpose or ef- fort is directed. Skak. 3. The object of aim. 4. The person at whom ridicule, jests, or contempt are directed. 5. [Sax. butte, or bytt.] A push or thrust given by the head of an animal. 6. A cask whose contents are two hogs- heads ; called also a pipe. 7. The end of a plank in a ship's side or bottom. 8. A particular kind of hinge for doors, &c. BUTT, V. i. [It. buttare.] To thrust the head forward ; to strike by thrusting the head against, as a ram. BUT'TER, n. [Sax. buter, butera ; Ger. butter-; L. butij- rum.] An oily substance obtained from cream or milk by churning. BUT'TER, V. t. 1. To smear with butter. 2. To increase the stakes at everv throw or every game. BUT'TER-BUMP, n. The bittern. Johnson. BUT'TER-BURR, n. A plant, a species of tussilago. BUT'TER-€UPS, n. A name given to a species, oi ranuncu- lus, or crow-foot. BUT'TER-FLOW-ER, n. A yellow flower. Oay. BUT'TER-FLY, n. Papilio, a genus of insects of the order oilepidopters. BUT'TER-FLY-SHELL, n. A genus of testaceous mollus- cas, witti a spiral, unilocular shell. BUT'TER-IS, n. An instrument of steel set in wood for paring the hoof of a horse. BUT'TER-MILK, n. The milk that remains after the but- ter is separated from it. BUT'TER-NUT, n. The fruit of an American tree, the jufflans chierea. BtTT'TER-PRINT, \ n. A piece of carved wood, used to BUT'TER-STAMP, ] mark cakes of butter. BUT'TER-TOOTH, n. A broad fore tooth. BUT'TER-WoM-AN ( "* ^ woman who sells butter. BUT TER-W6RT, ti.' A species of pinguicula. BUT TER-Y, a. Having the qualities or appearance of but- ter. Harvey. BUT TER-Y, 71. An apartment in a house, where butter, milk, jirovisions, and utensils are kept. BUT'TOCK, n. 1. The mmp, or the protuberant part be- hind. 2. The convexity of a ship behind, under the stern. BUTTON, (but'tn) 71. [Fr. bouton.] 1. A knob; a small ball ; a catch used to fasten together the different parts of dress. 2. Any knob or ball fastened to another body ; a small protuberant body. 3. A bud ; a gem of a plant. 4. A flat piece of wood, turning on a nail or screw, to fas- ten doors. 5. The sea-urchin, BUT'TON, (but'tn) v. t. 1, To fasten with a button, or buttons ; to inclose, or make secure with buttons. 2. To dress or clothe •, [not used.] BUTTON-HOLE, n. The hole or loop in which a button is caught. BUTTON-MA-KER, n. One whose occupation is to mak« buttons. BUT'TON-STONE, n. A species of figured stone, or hard flint, resembling a button. BUT'TON-TREE, n. The conocarpus. BUT'TON -WEED, 71. A genus of plants. BUT'TON-WOOD, n. 1. The cephalanthus, a shrub. 2. The platanus' occidentalis, western plane-tree, a large tree growing in N. America, producing rough balls, from which it is named. BUT'TRESS, n. 1. A prop ; a wall or abutment built arch- wise, serving to support another wall on the outside. 2 Any prop or support. BUT'TRESS, V. t. To support by a buttress ; to prop. BUT'TRESSED, a. Supported with a buttress. BUTTS, n.pl.A place where archers meet toshoot at a mark, BUT'-WINK, n. A bird. Johnson. BUT-Y-Ra'CEOUS, I a. [from L. butyrum, butter.] Hav- BUT'Y-ROUS, ) ing the qualities of butter ; resem- bling butter. BUX'OM, a. [Sax. bocsum.] 1. Obedient ; obsequious j ready to obey ; [obs.] 2. Gay ; lively ; brisk. Milton. 3. Wanton ; jolly, Druden. BUX'OM-LY, adv. Obediently ; [obs.] 2. Wantonly ; am- orously. BUX'OM-NESS, 77, Meekness ; obedience ; [obs.] Chaucer 2._ Briskness ; amorousness BUY, (bi) V. t., pret and np. bought, pron. bawt, [Sax. bi gan, or bycgan, bygan.] 1. To acquire the property, right, or title to any thing, by paying a consideration or an equivalent in money ; to purchase ; to acquire by pay- ing a price. 2. To procure by a consideration given ; to procure at a price, 3. To bribe ; to corrupt or pervert the judgment by paying a consideration. To buy off, to influence to compliance ; to cause to bend or yield by some consideration. — To buyout. 1. To buy off, or detach from. 2. To purchase the share or shares of a per- son in a stock. — In popular language, to buy is to pay dear for, as in Chaucer. BUY, (bi) V. i. To negotiate or treat about a purchase. BUY'ER, (bi'er) n. One who buys ; a purchaser. BUY'ING, ppr. Purchasing. BUZZ, V. i. [It, buzzicare.] 1. To make a low, hissing sound, as bees. 2. To uhisper; to speak with a low, hissing voice ; to make a low, hissing sound. Shak. BUZZ, V. t. To whisper ; to spread, as report, by whispers, or to spread secretly. Bentley. BUZZ, n. The noise of bees ; also, a whisper. BUZZ'ARD, n. [D. buzaard.] 1. A species of falco, or hawk, the buteo ; a rapacious, but sluggish bird. 2. A blockhead ; a dunce. BUZZ'ARD, a. Senseless; stupid. Milton. BUZ-ZxIRD-ET', n. A species of falco, or hawk. BUZZ'ER, n. A whisperer; one who is busy in telling tales secretly. BUZZ'ING, ppr. Making a lov/, hissing sound ; whispering ; tattling in secret. By, prep. [Sax. be, or big ; Goth, bi.] 1. Near ; close ; as, sit by me. 2. Near, in motion ; as, to pass by a church. 3. Through, or with, denoting the agent, means, instru- ment, or cause; as, "a city is destroyed by fire.'\ 4. "Day&T/day;" "year by year;" "article by article." In these phrases, by denotes passing from one to another, or each particular separately taken. 5. " By the space of seven years." In this phrase, by denotes through, pass- ing or continuing, during. 6. " By this time the sun had risen." The word here seems to denote, at, present, or come to. 1. According to ; as, " this appears by his own account ;" " these are good rules to live Jy." 8, On ; as, " to pass by land o*- water." 9. It is placed before words denoting quantity, measure, or proportion ; as, to sell by the pound. 10. It is used to represent the means or in- strument of swearing, or affirming ; as, to swear by heaven. 11. In the phrase, " he has a cask of wine by him," by denotes nearness or presence. 12. "To sit by one's self," is to sit alone, or without company. 13, "To be present by attorney." In this phrase, by denotes means or instrument ; through or in the presence of a substitute. 14. In the phrase, "north by west," the sense seems to be, north passing to the west, inclining or goir.g westward or near west. — As an adverb, by denotes also nearness, or presence ; as, there was no person by at the time. — By and by is a phrase denoting nearness in time ; in a short time after ; presently ; soon. — By the by signifies, as we proceed or pass, [Fr. en passantj] noting something inter- posed in the progress of a discourse, which is distinct from the main subject. — To stand by, is to stand near, or to support. — In the common phrase, good-bye, bye signifies passing, going. The phrase signifies, a good going, a prosperous passage, and it is equivalent to farewell. — By is used in many compound words, in most of which we observe the sense of nearness, closeness, or a withdraw- ing or seclusion. t BY. See Abt. * See Synopsis. &, E, T, o, tJ, ^, long.—FkR, F^LL, WH^T ;- PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete CAB 115 CAC B-f'ASS. See Bias. B-f'-eOF'FEE-HOUSE, n. A coffee-house in an obscure place. Addison. B-9'-€ON-CEKN'MENT, n. An affair distinct from the main business. Dryden. B^'-€ORN-ER, n. A private corner. BY-DE-PEN D'ENCE, n. An appendage ; that which de- pends on something else. BY-DE-SiGN', n. An incidental design, or purpose BY'-DRINK-ING, n. A private drinking. BY'-END, n. Private end ; secret purpose or advantage. By'-GONE, a. Past ; gone by. Scots dialect. Grew. BY'-IN'TER-EST, n. Self-interest , private advantage. BY'-L ANE, n. A private lane, or one out of the usual road. BY'-LAW, n. A town law ; the law of a city, town or pri- vate corporation. Bacon. BY -MAT-TER, n. Something incidental. Bacon. BY -NAME, 71. Nickname ; an incidental appellation. BY-NAME, ■?;. t. To give a nickname. Camden, BY'-PAST, a. Past ; gone by. Scots dialect. BY'-PATH, 71. A private path ; an obscure way BY'-RE-SPECT', 71. Private etfd, or view. Dryden. BY'-RoAD, n. A private or obscure road Swift. BY'-ROOM, 71. A private room or apartment. Shale. By'-SPEECH, n. An incidental or casual speech, not di- rectly relating to the point. Hooker tBY'-SPELL, 71. [Sax. bigspell.] A proverb. Coles BY'-STAND-ER, n. [Sax. bigstandan.] One who stands near ; a spectator ; one who has no concern with the busi- ness transacting. By'-STREET, n. A separate, private or obscure street BY'-TURN-ING, n. An obscure road. Sidney. By'- VIEW, n. Private view ; self-interested purpose. BY'-WALK, n. A secluded or private walk. Dryden. BY'-WAY, 71. A secluded, private or obscure way. BY-WEST', adv. Westward ; to the west of. Davies. BY'-WiPE, 71. A secret stroke or sarcasm. Milton. BY'-W6RD, n. [Sax. bi, or big, and word.] A common say ing ; a proverb ; a saying that has a general currency. BYE, 71. [Sax.] A dwelling. Gibson. BYRE, n. A cow-house. t BYS'SIN, or f BYS'SUS, n. [Gr. fivaaog-] A silk oi linen hood Gower. BYS'SlNE, a. Made of silk. Coles. BYS'SO-LiTE, 7^. [Gr. §vor greatly venerated bj the ancient pagans €AB-I-RIT'I€, ) in Greece and Pheittcia. Bryant. Faber. €a'BLE, 71. [Sp,, Fr. cable.] A large, strong rope or chain, used to retain a vessel at anchor. €a'BLED, a. Fastened with a cable. €AB'LET, 71. A little cable. Mar. Diet. Ca'BLE-TIeR, n. The place where the cables are coiled away. Mar. Diet. €A-BOB', V. t. To roast meat in a certain mode. CA-BOCHED, or €A-BoSHED, a. In heraldry, having the head cut close, so as to have no neck left. €A-BOOSE , 7?. [G. kabuse.] 1. The cook-room or kitchen of a ship ; a fire-place or stove for cooking in a small ves- sel. 2. A box that covers the chimney in a ship. €AB'OS, 71. A species of eel-pout, about two feet long. €AB'RI-OLE, ] n. [Fr. cabriolet.] A gig ; a one-horse €AB'RI-0-LET, \ chair, a light carriage €ABURE,7i. A Brazilian bird of the owl kind. CAB URNS, 71. Small lines made of spun-yarn, to bind ca bles, seize tackles, and the like. €A'CAo, or Co'COA, (c5'co) n. The chocolate-tree, a spe cies of the theobroma a native of the West Indies. €A€-€OONS', 71. A plant, called, in botany, ^e7;iZiea. €ACH'A-LOT, n. A cetaceous fish, the physeter, or sperma ceti whale. €ACHE, 71. [Fr.] A term used by traders and explorers in the unsettled western country belonging to the United States, for a hole dug in the ground, for the purpose of preserving and concealing such provisions and commodi- ties as it may be inconvenient to carry with them through- out their journey. Lewis and Clark'' s Travels. ♦ See Synapsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in thia. f Obsolete CAF 116 CAL • €A-€HEX'Y, n. [Gr. mxe^ta.] powers of the body ; a deranged s A vicious state of the state of the constitution without fever or nervous disease eA€H-IN-NA'TlON, n. [L. cachinnatio.] Loud laughter. [Little used.] €ACH'0-LONG, n A variety of chalcedony, €A€K, V i. [L. caco.] To ease the body by stool. €A€K'ER-EL, 71 A species of fish. CA€'KLE, V. i. [D. kaakelen.'] 1. To make a particular nuise, as alien. 2 To laugh with a broken noise, like the cackling of a goose ; to giggle. 3. To prate ; to prat- tle ; to tattli; ; to talk in a silly manner. GAC'KLE, 71. 1. The broken noise of a goose or hen. 2. Idle talk ; silly prattle. CACKLER, 71. 1. A few. that cackles. 2. A telltale ; a tattler. GA€'KLING, p^r Making the noise of a goose or hen. eA€'KLING, 71. The broken noise of a goose or hen. eA€-0-€HYM'I€, \ a. Having the fluids of the body eA€-0-eHYM'I-€AL, \ vitiated, especially the blood. eA€'0-€HYM-Y, n. [Gr. KaKO'xyiua.'] A vicious state of the vital humors, especially of the blood. eA€-0-DK'MON, n. [Gr. /ca/coj and ijat/iwv.] An evil spkit. eA€-0-E'THES, n. [Gr. KanonQEia.] 1. A bad custom or habit ; a bad disposition. — 2. In medicine, an incurable ulcer. f€A-€OG'RA-PHY, n. Bad spelling. eA-€OPH'0-NY, 71. [Gr. kukos and (l>wvri.] 1. In rhetoric, an uncouth or disagreeable sound of words, proceeding from the meeting of harsh letters or syllables. — 2. In med- icine, a depraved voice ; an altered state of the voice. — 3. In music, a combination of discordant sounds. GA-Da'VER, 71. [L.] A corpse. BA-DAVER-OUS, a. [L, cadaver.'] 1. Having the appear- ance or color of a dead human body ; pale ; wan ; ghastly. 2. Having the qualities of a dead body. GAD'DIS, 7*. A kind of tape or riband ; a kind of worm. 2. A kind of worm or grub found in a case of straw. GAD'DoW, 77. A chough ; a jackdaw. CAD'DY, 71. A small box for keeping tea. eADE, a. Tame ; bred by hand ; domesticated ; as, a cade la)nb. CADE, V. t. To bring up or nourish by hand, or with ten- derness ; to tame. GADE, 77. [L. cadus.] A baiTel or cask. £A'DE-OIL, 71. In the materia medica, an oil made of the truit of the oxycedrus. ';ADE-W6R]VI, n. The same as caddis. cJa'DEXCE, or €a'DEN-CY, n. [Fr. cadence ; Sp., Port. cads}icia.] 1. A fall ; a decline ; a state of sinking. 2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking. 3. The general lone of reading verse. 4. Tone ; sound. — 5. In music, re- pose ; the termination of a harmonical phrase on a repose, or on a perfect chord. — 6. In horsemanship, an equal measure or proportion observed by a horse in all his mo- tions. — 7. In heraldry, the distinction of families. *. A'DENCE, V. t. To regulate by musical measure. t I'DENCED, pp. or a. Having a particular cadence. € i-DENE', 71. A species of inferior carpet. €a'DENT, a. [L. cadens.] Falling down ; sinking. €A-DEN'ZA, 71. [It.] The fall or modulation of the voice in singing. €A-DET , n. [Fr. cadet ; It. cadetto.] 1. The younger or youngest son. Brown. 2. A gentleman who carries arms in a regiment, as a private man, with a view to acquire military skill, and obtain a commission. 3. A young man, in a military school. €A-DEW', 71. A straw-woi-m. See Caddis t€ADGE, V. t. To carry a bui-den. Ray. •€ADG'ER. See Codger. €AD gY, a. Cheerful ; merry after good eating and drink- ing. Brockctt, JSTcrrth of Eng. Ga'DI, n. In the Turkish dominions, a judge in civil affairs. €A-DIL[LA€, 7i. A sort of pear. Johnson. €AD-Me'AN, or €AD'MI-AN. a. Relating to Cadmus, a reputed prince of Thebes, who introduced into Greece the sixteen simple letters of the alphabet— a, 0, y, h, s, i, k, \,^,v,o,-,g,a,T,v. These are called Cadvtean let- ters. €A1)'IVII-A, 77. An oxyd of zink which collects on the sides of furnaces where zink is sublimed. €!AD'MI-UM, n. A metal discovered in 1817. €A-Du'CEUS, 71. [L.] In ancient mythology. Mercury's rod, a wand entwisted by two serpents. €A-DU'CI-TY, n. [L. caducus.] Tendency to fall. Chester- field. [Little used.] €A-Du'_eOUS, a. In botany, falling early. t€A-DuKE', a. [OldFr.caeZMc.] Fleeting, or frail. Kickes. CM CIAS, 71. [L.J A wind from the north-east. C-^'RULE. Seed: RULE and Cerulean. CiE-SA'RI-AN. See Cesarian. C^-Su'RA. See Cesura. €AF'FEIN, 71. A substance obtained from an infusion of unroasted coffee, by treating it with the muriate of tin. A Persian or Turkish vest or gar- A small cask, or barrel. CAF'TAN, n. [Persic.J ment. €AG, n. [Fr. caque ,• Dan. kag.] It is generally written ke^. CAGE, 77. [Fr. cage.] 1. A box or inclosure, for confining birds or beasts. 2. An inclosure made with palisades for confining wild beasts. 3. A prison for petty criminals. — 4. In carpentry, an outer work of timber, inclosing an- other within it. CAGE, V. t. To confine in a cage ,• to shut up, or confine l>07l7ie. Ca'GIT, 71. A beautiful green parrot of the Philippine isles. CAG'U-1, 77. A monkey of Brazil, of two species. Ca'IC, or CA'iaUE, 7i. [Fr.] A skiff belonging to a galley. CAIL. See Kail. CaITMAN. See Cayman. CAIRN, 77. [Welsh, car?7 ] A heap of stones. *Ca'IS-SON", or CAIS-SOON', 77. [Fr.] 1. A wooden chesl into which several bombs are put, and sometimes gun- powder. 2. A wooden frame or chest used in laying the foundation of the pier of a bridge. 3. An ammunition chest, or wagon. CaI'TIFF, or CaI'TIF, 77. [It. cattivo.] A mean villain ; a despicable knave. CaI'TIFF, CaI'TIF, or CaI'TIVE, a. Base ; servile S^e?7ser. Cx4lJ'E-PUT, 77. An oil from the East Indies. CA-JoLE', V. t. [Fr. cajoler.] To flatter ; to soothe : to coax ; to deceive or delude by flattery. CA-JoL'ER, 77. A flatterer ; a wheedler. CA-JoL'ER-Y, 7!. Flattery ; a wheedling to delude. CA-JoL'ING, ppr. Flattering ; wheedling ; deceiving. CA-Jo'TA, 77. A Mexican animal resembling a wolf and a dog. CAKE, 77. [D. koek.] 1. A small mass of dough baked ; or a composition of flour, butter, sugar, or other ingredients, baked in a small mass. 2. Something in the form of a cake, rather flat than high, but roundish. 3. A mass of matter concreted ; as, a cake of ice. 4. A hard swelling on the flesh, or a concretion. CAKE, V. t.To form into a cake or mass. CAKE, V. i. To concrete, or form into a hard mass. fCAKE, V. i. To cackle, Ray. CAL'A-BASH, ?7. [Sp. calahaia,] 1. A vessel made of a dried gourd-shell, or of the shell of a calabash-tree. 2. A popular name of the gourd-plant, or cuciirUta. CAL'A-BASH-TREE, 77. A tree of two species, known, in botany, by the generic name crescentia. CA-LaDE', 77, The slope or declivity of a rising manege ground. CA-La'ITE, 77. A name given to the turquois ; which see CAL-A-MANC'O, 77. [Fr. callimanque.] A woolen stuff, of a fine gloss, and checkered in the warp. CAL'A-MAR, 77. [Sp.] An animal having an oblong body and ten legs. CAL'AM-BAC, n. [Sp. calambuco.} Aloes-wood, xyloe aloes, a drug. CAL'AM-BOUR, 77. A species of the aloes-wood. CAL-A-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing plants having a long hollow, knotted stem. CAL'A-MINE, or CAL'A-MIN, 77. Lapis calaminaris, or cadmia fossilis ; an ore of zink. CAL'A-MINT, 77. [L. calamintha.] An aromatic plant, a species of melissa, or baum. t CAL'A-MIS-TRATE, v.t. To curl or frizzle the hair. tCAL-A-MIS-TRA'TION, 77. The act of curling the hair. CAL A-MIT, 77. [L. calanms.] A mineral. CA-LAM'I-TOUS, a. [Fr. calamiteux.] 1. Very miserable ; involved in deep distress ; oppressed with infelicity ; wretched from misfortiine. 2. Producing distress and mis- ery ; making wretched. 3. Full of misery ; distressful ; wretched. CA-LAM'I-TOTJS-LY, adv. In a manner to bring great dis- €A-LAM'I-TOUS-NESS, 77. Deep distress ; wretchedness ; misery ; the quality of producing misery. CA-LAM'I-TY, 77. [L. calamitas.] Any great misfortune, or cause of misery. CAL'A-MLTS, 7i. [L.] 1. The ge-neric name of the Indian cane, called also rotang. — ^2. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula, a wind instrument, made of a reed or oaten stalk. 3. A rush or reed used anciently as a pen to write on parch- ment or papyrus. 4. A sort of reed, or sweet-scented cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. 5. The sweet flag. CA-LAN'DRA, 77, A species of lark. CA-LAN'DRE, or CAL'AN-DER, 77 The French name of a species of insect of the beetle kind. CA-LAN'GAY, 77, A species of white parrot. Ash. CA-LASH', 77. [Fr. caleche.] 1. A light chariot or carriage with very low wheels. 2. A cover for the head, used by ladies. CALC'AR, 77. In glass-works, a kind of oven. CALC'AR-ATE, a. [L. calcar.] Furnished with a spur. CAL-Ca'RI-O-SUL'PHU-ROUS, a. Having lime and sul phur in combination, or partaking of both. <^ Sm Synopsis, A, E, T, 5, U, Y, Ipng.^FAJi, FALL, WHAT •,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD j— f Obsolete CAL 117 CAL eAL-€S'RI-OUS, a. [L. calcarius.] Partaldng of the na- ture of lime ; having the qualities of lime. €AL eA-VAL'LA, n. A kind of sweet wine from Portugal. €AL'CE-A-TED, a. [L. calceatus.] Shod ; fitted with or wearing shoes. €AL'C£-DON, n. With jewelers, a foul vein, like chalce- dony. [See Chalcedony.] ^sh. €AL-CE-DON'I€, or €AL-CE-Do'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to or resembling chalcedony. GAL'CE-DO-NY. See Chalcedony, the more correct or- thography. €AL-CIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing calx or lime. € AL'CI-FORM, a. In the form of calx. CAL-CI-Mu'RITE, n. A species of earth, of the muriatic genus, of a blue or olive-green color. CAL-CIN'A-BLE, a. That may be calcined ; capable of be- ing reducied to a friable state by the action of fire. CAL CI-NATE, v. t. To calcine. €AL-CI-Na'TION, n. 1. The operation of expelling from a substance, by heat, some volatile matter with which it is combined, and thus reducing it to a friable state. 2. The operation of reducing a metal to an oxyd, or metallic calx. « CAL'Cl-NA-TO-RY, n. A vessel used in calcination. CAL'CINE, or CAL-ClNE', v. t. [Fr. calciner.] 1. To reduce a substance to a powder, or to a friable state. 2. To oxydize, as a metal ; to reduce to a metallic calx. 3. To dissolve. ♦ CAL'CINE, V. i. To be converted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat. t CAL'CI-TRATE, i;. i. [Pr.' calcitrer.] To kick ; to spurn. f CAL-CI-TRa'TION, n. The act of kicking. Ross. €AL'CI-UM, n. The metallic basis of lime. €AL-€0-GRAPH I-CAL, a. Pertaining to calcography. €AL-€OG'RA-PHY, n. [L. calx, and Gr. ypacpu).] An en- graving in the likeness of chalk. €AL€'-SIN-TER, n. Stalactitic carbonate of lime. CALC'-TUFF, n. An alluvial formation of carbonate of limt. CAL'CU-LA-BLE, a. That may be calculated, or ascertain- ed by calculation. €AL'eU-LA-RY, n. FL. calculus.] A congeries of little stony knots dispersed through the parenchyma of the pear and other fruits, formed by concretions of the sap. €AL'eU-LA-RY, a. Relating to the disease called the sto7ie. €AL'eU-LATE, v. t. [Fr. calculer.] 1. To compute ; to reckon. 2. To ascertain by the use of tables or numbers. 3. To form tables upon mathematical principles, as loga- rithms. 4. To compute the situation of the planets at a certain time, for astrological purposes. 5. To adjust by computation ; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of the means to the end. Tillotson. €AL'€U-LATE, v. i. To make a computation. — In popular use, this word is often equivalent to intend or purpose, that is, to niake arrangements, and form a plan ; as, a man calculates to go a journey. €AL CU-L A-TED, pp. Computed ; reckoned ; suited ; adapted by design. €AL'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Computing ; reckoning ; adapting by designj adjusting. CAL-CU-La'TION, n. 1. The art, practice or manner of computing by numbers. 2. The result of an arithmetical operation •, computation ; reckoning. 3. Estimate formed in the mind by comparing the various circumstances and facts which influence its determination. €ALCU-LA-TiVE, a. Pertaining to calculation 5 tending to calculate. CALCU-LA-TOR, ti. One who computes or reckons. CAL'eU-LA-TO-RY, a. Belonging to calculation. t CAL'CULE, n. Reckoning ; computation. tCAL'CULE, v.t. To calculate. Chaucer. CAL'CU-LOUS, a. 1. Stony ; gritty ; hard, like stone. 2. Affected with the gravel or stone. €AL'eU-LUS, n. [L.] 1. The stone in the bladder or kid- neys. — 2. In mathematics, differential calculus isthe arith- metic of the infinitely small differences of variable quan- tities. CAL'DRON, (cawl'dron) n. [Old Fr. chauldron, now chau- 'dron.] A large kettle or boiler. CALECHE. See Calash. CAL-E-Do'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Caledonia. CAL-E-DO'NI-AN, n. A native of Caledonia, now Scot- land. €AL-E-Fa'CIENT, a. Warming ; heating. <:;AL-E-Fa'CIENT, n. That which warms or heats. CAL-E-F ACTION, n. [L. calefactio.] 1, The act or op- eration of warming or heating. 2. The state of being heated. CAL-E-F ACTIVE, ) a. That makes warm or hot : that CAL-E-FACTO-RY, ] communicates heat. CAL'E-FY, v. i. [L. calefic] To grow hot or warm •, to be heated. €AL'E-FY, V. t. To make warm or hot. €AL'EN-DAR, n. [L. calendarium.] 1. A register of the year, in which the months, weeks and days ait set down in order, with the feasts observed jy the church, pr. Stopping the seams of a ship ; putting on shoes with iron points. CALK'ING, (cawk'ing) n. In painting, the covering of the back side of a design with black lead, or red chalk, and tracing lines through on a waxed plate, which leaves an impression of the color on the plate or wall. CALK'ING-I-RON, (cawk'ing-i-urn) n. An instrument like a chisel, used 'n calking ships. CALL, V. t. [L. calo.] 1. To name ; to denominate, or give a name. 2, To convoke ; to summon ; to direct or * See Synopsis . Mft>VH . BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this t Obsolete. CAJL 118 CAM Older to meet ; to assemble by order or public notice. 3. To request to meet or come. 4. To invite. 5. To invite or summon to come or be present ; to invite, or collect. 6. To give notice to come by authority ; to command to come. 7. To proclaim ; to name, or publish the name. 8. To appoint, or designate, as for an office, duty, or em- ployment. 9. To invite ; to warn : to exhort. 10. To invite or draw into union with Christ. 11. To own and acknowledge. 12. To invoke or appeal to. 13. To esteem or account. To call down, to invite, or to bring down.— Tc; call back, to revoke, or retract ; to recall ; to summon, or bring back. — To call for, to demand, require or claim ; or to cause to grow. Also, to speak for ; to ask ; to request.— To cull in, to ci)llect ; or to draw from circulation, or to summon together •, to invite to come together.— 7'o call forth, to bring or summon to action. — To call off, to summon away j to divert.— To call up, to bring into view or recollection -, also, to bring into action, or discussion. — To call over, to read a list, name by name ; to recite separate particulars in order.— 7*0 call out, to summon to fight ; to challenge ; also, to summon into service. — To call to mind, to recol- lect 5 to revive in memory. €ALL. V. i. 1. To utter a loud sound, or to address by name ; to utter the name. 2. To stop, without intention of staying ; to make a short stop.— 7'o call on, to make a short visit to •, also, to solicit payment, or make a de- mand of a debt.— In a theological sense, to pray to, or worship.— To call out, to utter a loud voice ; to bawl •, a popular use of the phrase. €ALL, n. 1. A \?ocal address, of summons or invitation. 2. Demand ; requisition •, public claim. 3. Divine vocation, or summons. 4. invitation ; request of a public body or society. 5. A summons from heaven ; impulse, b'. Au- thority ; command. 7. A short visit ; as, to make a call. 8. Vocation ; employment. 9. A naming ; a nomination. 10. Among hunters, a lesson, blown on the horn, to com- fort tiie hounds. — 11. Among seamen, a whistle or pipe. 12. The English name of the mineral called by the Germans tungsten ox wolfram. — 13. Among /yjoZers, the noise or cry of a°fowl, or a pipe to call birds, by imitating their voice. — 14. In legislative bodies, the call of the house, is a calling over the names of the members, to discover who is absent, or for other purpose. €ALLED, pp. Invited ; summoned ; addressed ; named ; appointed ; invoked ; assembled by order ; recited. CALL'ER, n. One who calls. t €AL'LET, or f €AL'LAT, n. A trull, or a scold. Skak. t CAL'LET, V. i. To rail ; to scold. |€ALLI-€0. See Calico. CAL-LID'I-TY, n. [L. calliditas.] Craftiness. Cockeram. €AL-LIG'RA-PHY. See Caligraphy. B. Jonson. €ALL ING, ppr. Inviting ; summoning ; naming ; address- ing ; invoking. €ALL'ING, n. 1. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to ob- tain an answer, as in legislative bodies. 2. Vocation ; profession ; trade ; usual occupation, or employment. 3. Class of persons engaged in any profession or employ- ment. 4. Divine summons, vocation, or invitation. €AL'LI-0-PE, 71. In pagan mythology, the muse that pre- sides over eloquence and heroic poetry. €AL'LI-PERS. See Caliber. €AL-LOS'I-TY, n. [Fr. callosite.'] Hardness, or bony hard- ness ; the hardness of the cicatrix of ulcers. CAL'LOT. See Calotte. €AL'LOUS, a. [L. callus.'] 1. Hard ; hardened ; indurat- ed. 2. Hardened in mind ; insensible ; unfeeling. €AL'LOUS-LY, adv. In a hardened or unfeeling manner. eAL'LOTJS-NESS, n. Hardness, induration, applied to the body ^ insensibility, applied to the mind or heart. CAL'LoW, a. [Ir. calbk ; L. calvus.] Destitute of feath- ers ; naked ; unfledged ; as a young bird. €AL'LUS, 71. [L.] Any cutaneous, corneous or bony hard- ness, but generally the new growth of osseous matter, be- tween the extremities of fractured bones, serving to unite them ; also, a hardness in the skin. €ALM, (cam) a. [Fr. calme.] 1. Still ; quiet ; being at rest, as the air 5 not stormy or tempestuous. 2. Undis- turbed ; not agitated. 3. Undisturbed by passion ; not agitated or excited ; quiet ; tranquil ; as the mind, tem- per, or attention. CALM, (cam) n. Stillness •, tranquillity ; quiet ; freedom from motion, agitation, or disturbance. CALM, (cam) v. t. To still ; to quiet ; as the wind, or ele- ments -, to still, appease, allay or pacify, as the mind, or passions. CALM'ER, (cam'er) n. The person or thing that calms, or has the power to still, and make quiet ; that which allays or pacifies. CALM'ING, (cam'ing) ppr. Stilling ; appeasing. CAl M'LY, (cajn'ly) adv. In a quiet manner ; without disturbance, agitation, tumult, or violence ; without pas- sion ; quietly. CALM'NESS, (cam'nes) n. 1. Quietness; stillness ; tran- quillity. 2. Quietness ; mildness ; unruffled state. CALJVI'Y, (cam'y) a. Calm ; quiet; peaceable. Cowley. €?AL'0-MEL, 71. A preparation of mercury, much used in medicine. CA-LOR I€, 71. [L. calor, heat.] The principle or matter of heat, or the simple element of heat. €A-LOR'I€, a. Pertaining to the matter of heat. €AL-0-RIF'ie, a. That has the quality of producing heat ; causing heat ; heating. €AL-0-RIM'E-TER, n. [L. calor, and Gr. nerpov.] An ap- paratus for measuring relative quantities of heat, or the specific caloric of bodies. €AL'0-RI-MO-TOR, 71. [caloric, and li motor.} A galvan- ic instrument, in which the calorific influence or effects are attended by scarcely any electrical power. CA-LOTTE', or CA-LoTE', n. [Fr. calotte.] A cap or coif of hair, satin or other stuff. €A-LOY'ERS, or CALOGERI, n. Monks of the Greek church, of three orders. €ALP, n. A subspecies of carbonate of lime. CAL'TROP, n. [Sax. coltrceppe.] 1. A kind of thistle, the Latin tribulus. 2. In military affairs, an instrument with four iron points disposed in a triangular form, so that, three of them being on the ground, the other pomts upward, to wound horses' feet. CAL'U-MET, 91. Among the aboriginals of America, a pipe used for smoking tobacco. CA-LUM'NI-ATE, v. t. To accuse or charge one falsely and knowingly with some crime, offense, or something disreputable ; to slander. CA-EUM'NI-ATE, v. i. To charge falsely and knowingly with a crime or offense ; to propagate evil reports with a design to injure the reputation of another. €A-LUM'NI-A-TED, pp. Slandered ; falsely and malicious- ly accused of what is criminal, immoral or disgraceful. CA-LUM'NI-A-TIIMG, ppr. Slandering. CA-LUM-NI-a'TION, n. False accusation of a crime or of- fense, or a malicious and false representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name. €A-LUM'NI-A-T0R, n. One who slanders ; one who ma- liciously propagates false accusations or reports. €A-LUM'NI-A-T0-RY, a. Slanderous. CA-LUM'NI-OUS, a. Slanderous ; bearing or implying cal- umny ; injurious to reputation. €A-LUM'NI-0US-LY, adv. Slanderously. CA-LUM'NI-OUS-NESS, n. Slanderousness. CAL'UM-NY, n. [L. calumnia.] Slander ; false accusation of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported. CAL'VA-RY, n. [L. calvaria.] 1. A place of skulls ; par- ticularly, the place where Christ was crucified.— 2. In her- aldry, a cross so called, set upon steps. CALVE, (cav) v. i. [Sax. calfian.] 1. To bring forth young, as a cow. — 2. In a metaphorical sense, to bring forth ; to produce. CALVES'-SNOUT, n. A plant, snap-dragon, antirrhinuvi fCALVER, V. t. To cut in slices. B. Jonson. JCALV'ER, V. i. To shrink by cutting, and not fall to pieces. CAL'VILLE, n. [Fr.] A sort of apple. CAL'VIN-ISM, n. The theological tenets or doctrines of Calvin. €AL'VIN-IST, 71. A follower of Calvin ; one who em- braces the theological doctrines of Calvin . €AL-VIN-IST'I€, ) a. Pertaining to Calvin, or to his CAL-VIN-IST'I-CAL, \ opinions in theology. CALVISH, (c'av'ish) a. Like a calf. [More properly, calf- ish.] Sheldon. CALX, n. ; plu. Calxes, or Calces. [L.] Properly, lime or chalk ; but more appropriately, the substance of a metal or mineral which remains after being subjected to violent heat, or solution by acids. €A-LYC'I-NAL, } a. Pertaining to a calyx ; situated on a CAL'Y-CINE, ^ calyx. CAL'Y-CLE, 71. [L. calyculus.] In botany, a row of small leaflets, at the base of the calyx, on the outside. CA-LYC'U-LATE, or CAL'Y-CLED, a. Having a calycle at the base on the outside. €A-LYP'TER, n. [Gr. KaXvTTTvp.] The calyx of mosses, ac- cording to Linne Ca'LYX, 71. ; plu. Calyxes. [L. calyx,] The outer cov- ering of a flower. CAL-ZOONS', n. [Sp, cahones.] Drawei-s. [J\rot Eng- lish.] Herbert. CA-Ma'IEU. See Cameo. CAM'BER, 71. [Fr. cambrer.] Among builders, camber or camber-beam is a piece of timber cut archwise, used in platforms. CAM'BER-ING, ppr. or a. Bending; arched. CAM'BIST, n. [It. cambista.] A banker ; one who deals in notes and bills of exchange. Christ. Obs. CAMB'LET. See Camlet. CaM'BRIC, 71. A species of fine white linen, made of flax, ♦ See Synopsis, A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD •,— t Obsolete CAM 119 CAN said to be named from Cambray, in Flanders, where it was first mai.ufactured. CAME, pret. of come, which see. t/AME, n. A slender rod of cast lead, of which glaziers make their turned lead. €AM'EL, n. [L. cameius.] 1. A large quadruped used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens, and for riders. 2. In Holland, camel, [or kameel, as Coxe writes it,] is a machine for lifting ships. €AiVl'EL-BA€KED, a. Having a back like a camel. €A-Me'LE-ON MIN'E-RAL [See Chameleon.] A com- pound of pure potash and black oxyd of manganese. * €AM'EL-0-PAIlD, n. [L. camelus and pardalis.] The giraff, a species constituting the genus camelopardalis. €AM'E-LOT. See Camlet. €AM'E-0, €A-Ma'1FU, or €A-Ma'YEU, n. [It. cammeo ; Fr. camayeu.] A peculiar sort of onyx. €AM'E-RA 0K-S€U'RA, or dark chamber, in optics, an apparatus representing an artificial eye, in which the images of external objects, received through a double con- vex glass, are exhibited distinctly, and in their native colors, on a white matter, placed within the machine, in the focus of the glass. €AM'E-RADE, n. [L. camera.] One who lodges or resides in the same apartment 5 now comrade. €AM-ER-A-LIS'TI€, a. Pertaii^g to finance and public revenue. €AM-ER-A-LIS'TI€S, n. [G. earner alist.] The science of finance, or public revenue. €AM'ER- ATE, w. t. [L. camero.J To vault; to ceil. [L.u.] €AM'ER-A-TED, a. [L. earner atus.] Arched ; vaulted. €AM-ER-A'TION, n. An arching at vaulting. €AM'IS, n. [It. camice.~\ A thin dress. [JVot English.] €AM-IS-aDE', 71. [Fr.] An attack by surprise, at night or at break of day, when the enemy is supposed to be in bed. €AM'IS-A-TED, a. Dressed with a shirt outwards. Johnson. CAM'LET, n. [from camel ; sometimes written camelot and camblet.] A stuflT originally made of camel's hair. It is now made sometimes of wool, sometimes of sUk, sometimes of hair, especially that of goats, with wool or silk. €AM'LET-ED, a. Colored or veined. Herbert. €AM'MO€, n. [Sax. cammoc, or cammec] A plant, petty whin or jest-harrow, ononis. €AM'0-MlLE, 71. [Fr. camomille.] A genus of plants, an- themis, of many species. €AM'OUS,or€A-MOYS',a. [Fr. camus.] Flat ; depressed ; applied only to the nose, and little used, CAM'OLTSED, a. Depressed ; crooked. Ben Jonson. €AM'OUS-LY, adv. Awry. Skelton. Cx'^MP, 71. [L. campus; Fr. camp and champ. \ 1. The ground on which an army pitch their tents. 2. The order or arrangement of tents, or disposition of an army, for rest. 3. An army. Hume. €AMP, V. t. or i. To rest or lodge, as an army, usually in tents ; to pitch a camp 5 to fix tents : but seldom tised. See Encamp. €AMP'-FlGHT, n. In law writers, a trial by duel, or the legal combat of two champions. €AM-PaIGN', ) (kam-pane') n. [Fr. campagne.] 1. An €AM-PaIN', \ open field ; a large, open plain ; an ex- tensive tract of ground without considerable hills. [See Champaign.] 2. The time that an army keeps the field, either in action, marches, or in camp, without entermg into winter quarters. €AM-PaIGN', v. i. To serve in a campaign. €AM-PaIGN'ER, (kam-pa'ner) n. One who has served in an ariny several campaigns ; an old soldier ; a veteran. €AM-Pa'NA, n. [L.] The pasque-flower. €AM-Pa'NI-A. The same as campaign. €AM-PAN'I-F0RM, a. [L. campana.] In the shape of a bell ; applied to flowers. CAM-PA-NOL'O-GY, n. [L. campana.] The art of ringing bells. €AM-PAN'U-LA,w. [L.J The bell-flower. €AM-PAN'U-LATE, a. f L. campanula.] In the form of a bell. _ €Aai-PKACH'Y-WOOD, n. From Campeachy, in Mexico. See Logwood. €AM-PES'TRAL, ) a. [L. campestris.] Pertaining to an €AM-PES'TRI-AN, \ open field ; growmg in a field or open ground. CAM'PHOR, n. properly cafor. [Low L. camphora ; Fr. camphre.] A solid, concrete juice or exudation, from the laurus camphora, or Indian laurel-tree. It has a bitterish, aromatic taste, and a very fragrant smell, and is a power- ful diaphoretic. CAM'PHOR, V. t. To impregnate or wash with camphor. [Little used.] €AM'PHO-RATE, n. In chemistry, a compound of the acid of camphor, with dhferent bases. eAM'PHO-RATE, a Pertaining to camphor, or impreg- nated with it. €AM'PHO-RA-TED, a. Impregnated with camphor. €AM-PHOR'I€, a. Pertaining to camphor. €AM'PHOR-OIL. See Camphok-tree. €AM'PHOR-TREE, 7i. The tree from whicti camphor u obtained, found in Borneo and Japan. €AM-PIL'LA, n. A plant of a new genus, used by dyers. CAMP'ING, ppr. Encamping. CAMPTNG, n. A playing at football. Bryant. €AMP'I-ON, 71. A platit, the popular name of the lychnis. ■CAM'US, or€AM'IS, 71. [L. cainisa.] A thin dress. [J\'bi English.] Spenser. CAN, 71. [D.kan; Sax. ca7i7ia.J A cup or vessel for liquors CAN, V. i. pret. could, which is from another root. [See Could.] [Sax. cumian. to know, to be able ; Dan. kan, to be able.] To be able ; to have sufficient mora' or physical power, or capacity. fCAN, w. t. To know. Spenser. CAN'- BUOY, n. In seamanship, a buoy in form of a cone. CAN'-HOOK, 71. An instrument to sling a cask by the ends of its staves CA.-NAiDI-AN,a. Pertaining to Canada. €A-Na'D1-AN, n. An inhabitant or native of Cai.ada. CA-NaILLE', 77. [¥v. canaille.] Tlie coarser part of meal-, hence, the lowes't people ; lees ; dregs ; oflscouring. CAN'A-KIN, 71. A little can or cup. Shak. €A-NAL', 71. [L. canalis.] 1. A passage for water; a water-course ; properly, a long trench or excavation in the earth for conducing water, and confining it to narrow Ihnits ; but the term may be applied to other water- courses.— 2. In anatomy, a duct or passage in the body of an animal, through which any of the juices floW; or other substances pass. 3. A surgical instrument ; a splint. * CA-NAL'-CoAL. See Cannel-coal. Cx\N-A-LIC'U-LATE, ) a. [L. canaliculatus.] Channel- €AN-A-Lie'U-LA-TED, \ ed ; furrowed. In botany, having a deep longitudinal groove above, and convex un- derneath. €A-Na'RY, 7i. 1. Wine made in the Canary isles. 2. An old dance. — Shakspeare has used the word as a vc7-b in a kind of cant phrase. €A-Na'RY, v. i. To dance ; to frolic. €A-NA'RY-BiRD, n. A singing bird from the Canary isles, a species offringilla. €A-Na'RY-GR&SS,71. a plant, the phalaris. €AN'CEL, V. t. [Fr. canceller.] 1. To cross the lines of a writing, and deface tliem ; to" blot out or obliterate. 2. To annul, or destroy ; as, to cancel an obligation or a debt. tCAN'CEL, V. i. To become obliterated. Cowley. €AN'CE-LA-TED, a. [L. cancellatus.] Cross-barred ; mark- ed with cross lines. €AN-CE-La'T10N, 71. The act of defacing by cross lines ; a canceling. €AN'CELED, pp. Crossed ; obliterated ; annulled. CAN'CEL-ING, ppr. Crossing ; obliterating ; annulling. CAN'CER, 71. [L. cancer ; Sax. cancre.] 1. The crab, or crab-fish.— 2. In astronomy, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac, the sign of the summer solstice, represented by the form of a crab. — 3. In medicine, a roundish, hard, unequal, scirrous tumor of the glands, which usually ul- cerates, is very painful, and generally fatal. €AN'CER-ATE, 7;. i. To grow into a cancer ; to become cancerous. €AN-CER-a'TION, 71. A growing cancerous, or into a cancer. eAN'CER-OUS, a. Like a cancer ; having the qualities of a cancer. CAN'CER-OUS-NESS, n. The state c,f being cancerous. €AN'eRI-FORM, a. 1., Cancerous. 2. Having the form of a cancer or crab. €AN'€RiNE, a. Having the qualities of a crab. CAN'CRITE, n. A fossil or petrified crdD. €AN'DENT, a. [L. candsns.] Very hot ; heated to white- ness ; glowing with heat. CAN'DI-CANT, a. Growing white. Diet. CAN'DID, a. [L. candidus.] 1. White. Dryden. [But in this sense rarely ^ised.] 2. Fair ; open ; frank ; ingenu- ous • free from undue bias ; disposed to think and judge according to truth and justice, or without partiality or prejudice. 3. Fair ; just ; impartial. CAN'DIDATE, n. [L. candidatus.] 1. A man who seeks or asph-es to an office. 2. One who is in contemplation for an office, or for preferment. 3. One who, by his ser- vices or actions, will or may justly obtain preferment or reward, or whose conduct tends to secure it. 4. A man who is qualified, according to the rules of the church, to preach the gospel, and take the charge of a parish or reli- gious society, and proposes to settle in the ministry. U. States. 5. One who is in a state of trial or probation. f CAN'DI-DATE, v. t. To render fit as a candidate. Felt- ham. . , €AN'DID-LY, adv. Openly ; frankly ; without trick or disguise ; ingenuously. . €AN'DID-NESS, n Openness of mind ; frankness ; fair- ness ; ingenuousness. . €AN'DIED, pi7. or a. Preserved with sugar, or mcrustea See Syn^ypsis MC VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH : TH as in this t Obsolete CAN 120 CAN with it ; covered with crystals of sugar or ice, or with matter resembling them. €AN'DI-F^, V. t. To make white, or candid. €AN'DI-FY, V. i. To become candid. €AN'DLE,?i. [L.,Sp., It., ca?i«feZa.] 1. A long, but small cylindrical body of tallow, wax or spermaceti, formed on a wick, used for a portable light of domestic use. 2. A light. 3. A light ; a luminary. CANDLE-BER-RY-TREE, n. The myrica cerifera, or wax-bearing myrtle. €AxV'DLE-B6MB, n. A small glass bubble, filled with wa- ter, placed in the wick of a candle, where it bursts with a report. CAN DLE-HOLD-ER, n. A person that holds a candle. eAN'DLE-LlGHT, n. The light of a candle ; the necessary candles for use. CAN'DLE-MAS, n. [candle and inass ; Sax. mcessa ; can- dle-feast.] The feast of the church, celebrated on the sec- ond day of February, in honor of the purification of the Virgin Mary ; so called from the great number of hghls used on that occasion. €AN'DLE-STI€K, n. [Sax. candel-sticca.] An mstrument or utensil to hold a candle. €AN'DLE-STUFF, n. A material of which candles are made, as tallow, wax, &c. €AN'DLE-WaS'TER, 11. One who wastes or consumes candles ; a hard student ; a spendthrift. Shale. €AN'DLE$-ENDS, n. Scraps ; fragments. €AN'DO€, n. A plant or weed that grows in rivers. €AN'DOR, n. [L. candor.] Openness of heart ; frankness ; ingenuousness of mind ; a disposition to treat subjects with fairness ; freedom from tricks or disguise ; sincerity. GAN'DY, t;. t. [It. candire.] 1. To conserve or dress with sugar ; to boil in sugar. 2. To form into congelations or crystals. 3. To cover or incrust with congelations, or crystals of ice. GAN'DY, V. i. To form into crystals, or become congealed ; to take on the form of candied sugar. ©AN'DY-ING, ppr. Conserving with sugar. €AN'DY-ING, n. The act of preserving simples in sub- stance, by boiling them in sugar. €AN'OY-Ll'ON'S-FOOT, n. A plant. Miller. €AN'DY-TUFTS, 71. 1. A plant, the t&em. 2. A Cretan flower. €AN'DY-TUFT-TRES, n. A plant. Chambers. €ANE, n. [L. canna.] 1. In butany, this term is applied to several species of plants. [See Sugar-cane.] 2. A walking-stick. 3. A lance or dart made of cane. Dryden. 4. A long measure, in several countries of Europe. €ANE, V. t. To beat with a cane or walking-stick, €ANE'-BRAKE, ?!. A thicket of canes. €ANE'-HOLE, ?i. A hole or trench for planting the cut- tings of cane, on sugar plantations. €ANE'-TRASH, n. Refuse of canes. €A-NES'CENT, a. [L. canescens.] Growing white or hoary. €A-NI€'U-LA, or €-AJNI-€ULE, n. [L. canicula.] A star in the constellation of Canis Major, called also the dog- star, or Sirius. €A-NI€'U-LAR, a. [L. canicularis.] Pertaining to the dog-star. CA-NiNE', a. [Ij.canmis.] Pertaming to dogs ; having the properties or qualities of a dog ; as, a canine appetite, in- satiable hunger; canine madness, or hydrophobia. — Ca- nine teeth are two shari)-pointed teeth in each jaw of an animal, one on each side, between the incisors and grind- ers ; so named from their resemblance to a dog's teeth. GaN'ING, 71. A beating with a stick or cane. €AN'IS-TER, n, [L. canistrum.] Properly, a small basket, as in Dryden ; but mors generally, a small box or case, for tea, coffee, &c. CANK'ER, 7i. [L. cancer; Sax. cancer e, or cancre.] 1. A disease incident to trees, which causes the bark to rot and fall. 2. A popular name of certain small eroding ulcers in the mouth, particularly of children. 3. A virulent, corroding ulcer; or any thing that corrodes, corrupts, or destroys. 4. An eating, corrodhig, virulent humor; corrosion. 5. A kind of rose, the dog-rose 6. In far- riery, a running thrush of the worst kmd ; a disease in horses' feet. €ANK'ER, V. t 1. To eat, corrode, corrupt, consume, m the manner that a cancer affects the body. 2. To uifect, or pollute. eANK'ER, V. i. To grow corrupt ; to decay, or waste away by means of any noxious cause ; to grow rusty, or to be oxydized, as a metal. €AN-I<;'ER-BIT, a. Bitten with a cankered or envenomed tooth. Shak. €ANK'ERED, pp. 1. Corrupted. 2. a. Crabbed; uncivil. Spenser. €ANK ER-ED-LY, adv. Crossly ; adversely. €ANK'ER-FLy, n. A fly that preys on fruit. CANKER-LTKE, a. Eating or corrupting like a canker. €ANK'£R-OLrS, a. Corroding like a canker. €ANK'ER-W6RM, n. A worm, destructive to trees or plants. In America, this name is given to a worm that, in some years, destroys the weaves and fruit of ap- ple-trees. CAIVK'ER-Y, a. Rusty. €AJN^'NA-BlNE, a. [L. canndbinus.] Pertaining to hemp hempen. *€AN'NEL-€oAL, or €AN'DLE-€oAL, n. A hard, opake, inflammable fossil coal of a black color, sufficient- ly solid to be cut and polished. €AN'NE-aUIN, 71. White cotton cloth from the East In- dies, suitable for the Guinea trade. €AN'NI-BAL, n. A human being that eats human flesh ; a man-eater, or anthropophagite. CAN'NI-BAL-ISM, n. 1. The act or practice of eating hu- man flesh, by mankind. 2. Murderous cruelty ; barbar- ity. €AN'NI-BAL-LY, atZu. In the manner of a cannibal Shak €AN'NI-PERS. See Callipers. €AN'NON, 7(. [Fr. canon.] A large military engine for tlnrowing balls, and other instruments of death, by the force of guiipowder. €A]\-NO?i.-aI)E', ?!. The act of discharging cannon and throwing balls, for the purpose of destroying an army, oi battering a to-wn, ship, or fort. CAN-NON-aDE', v.t. To, attack with heavy artillery ; to batter with cannon-show CAN-NON-aDE', v. i. To discharge cannon ; to play with large guns. €AN'N0N-BALL, 71. A ball, usually made of cast-iron, to be thrown from cannon. — Cannon-bullet, of the like signi- fication, is not now used. CAN-NON-EER', \ n. A man who manages cannon ; an en- GAN-NON-IeR', \ gineer. €AN'NON-TNG, n. The noise as it were of a cannon. Breiccr. CAN'NON-PROOF, a. Proof against cannon-shot. CANNON-SHOT, n. A ball for cannon ; also, the range or distance a cannon will throw a bali. CAN'NOT, [ca?i and 7(of.] These words ai'e usually united, but perhaps witliout good reason ; canst and not are never united. €AN'NU-LAR, a. [h. canna.] Tubular; having the form of a tube. CA-NOE', (ka-noo') n. [Fr. canot ; Sp. canoa.] 1. A boat formed of the body or trunk of a tree excavated. 2. A boat made of bark or skins, used by savages. CAN'ON, 7i. [Sax., Fr., Sp., Port, canon.] 1. In ecclesias- tical affairs, a law, or rule of doctrine or discipline. 2. A law or rule in general. 3. The genuine books of the Holy Scriptures, called the sacred canon. 4. A dignitary of the church. Regular canons live in monasteries or in com- munity, and to the practice of their rules have added the profession of vows — 5 In monasteries, a book contamuig the rules of the order. 6. A catalogue of saints canon- ized. 7. The secret words of the mass from the preface to the Pater. — 8. In ancient music, a rule or method for determining the intervals of notes.r-9. In modern music, a kind of perpetual fugue, in which the different parts, begmning one after another, repeat incessantly the same air. Busby. — 10. In geometry and a/ oeir-a, a general rale for tlie solution of cases of a like n ature with the present inquiry. Every last step of an equation is a canon. — 11 In pharmacy, a rule for compounding medicines. — 12. In surgery, an instrument used in sewing up wounds. — Canon-law is a collection of ecclesiastical laws, serving as the rule of church government. €AN'ON-BlT, 7!. That part of a bit let into a horse's mouth. CANON-ESS, 71. A woman who enjoys a prebend, affixed, by the foundation, to maids, without obliging them to make anv vows, or renounce the world. CA-NON'IC, a. Canonical. CA-NON'I-CAL, a. [L. canonicus.] Pertaining to a canon ■ according to the canon or rule. — Canonical books, or canon- ical Script7u-es, are those books of the Scriptures which are admitted, by the canons of the church, to be of divine ori- gin. €A-NON'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner agreeable to the canon. CA-NON'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being canonical €A-NON'I-eALS, n. plu. The full dress of the clergy, worn when they officiate. CA-NON'I-CATE, n. The office of a canon. CAN'ON-IST, 77. A professor of canon law ; one skilled in the study and practice of ecclesiastical law. CAN-ON-IST'IC, a. Having the knowledge of a canonist. GAN-ON-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of declaring a man a saint, or the act of ranking a deceased person in the cata- logue of^saints. 2. The state of being sainted. €AN'ON-iZE, V. t. To declare a man a saint, and rank hun in the catalogue called a canon. €AN'ON-RY, )n. An ecclesiastical benefice in a cathe- €AN'ON-SHIP, \ dral or coneg;ae church. SeeSynopsu A. E, I, O U 1?, iow^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. CAN 121 CAP tJAN'O-PIED, a. Covered with a canopy. GAN'O-PY, n. [Gr. /cwvwTrtiov.] 1. A covering over a throne, or over a bed •, more generally, a covering over tlie head. — 2. In architecture and sculpture, a magnificent decoration, serving to cover and crown an altar, tlu-oue, tribunal, pulpit, chair, or tlie like. GANO-FY, V. t. To cover with a canopy. GA-No'ROUS, a. [L. canorus,] Musical ; tuneful. €A-No'ROUS-NESS, n. Musicalness. €ANT, V. t. [L. canto.'] 1. In popular visage, to turn about, or to turn over, by a sudden push or thrust-, as, to ctt?)« over a cask. Mar. Diet. 2. To loss. 3. To speak with a whining voice, or an aftected, singing tone. \In this sense it is usually intransitive.] 4. To sell by auction, or to bid a price at auction. Swift. €ANT, n. 1. A toss ; a throw, thrust, or push, with a sud- den jerk. 2. A whining, singing manner of speech ; a quaint, affected mode of uttering words, either in conver- sation or preaching. 3. The whining speech of beggars, as in asking alms, and making complaints of their dis- tresses. 4. The peculiar words and phrases of profes- sional men ; phrases often repeated, or not well autlior- ized. 5. Any barbarous jargon in speech. 6. Whining pretension to goodness. 7. Outcry, at a public sale of goods ; a call for bidders at an auction. €ANT, n. [D. kant.] A niche ;% corner, or retired place. €AN-Ta'BRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Cantabria. €AN'TA-LIV-ER, n. [cantle and eaves.] In architecture, a piece of wood, framed into the front or side of a house, to suspend the molding and eaves over it. €AN'Ta5iO, j "• ^" eastern weight. €AN-Ta'TA, n. [It.] A poem set to music ; a composition or song, intermixed with recitatives and airs, cliiefly in- tended for a single voice. t€AN-TA'TION, n. A singing. eAN-TEEN', n. [It. cantina.] A tin vessel used by soldiers for carrviug liquor for drink. €AN'TE-LEUP, n. A variety of muskmelon. €ANT'ER, V. i. [Arm. cantreal.] To move as a horse in a moderate gallop, raising the two fore feet nearly at the eame time, with a leap or spring. €aNT'ER, v. t. To ride upon a canter. €ANT'ER, 71. 1. A moderate gallop. 2. One who cants, or whines. €ANT'ER-BUR-Y-BELL, (kan'ter-ber-re-bel') ii. A species of campanula. See Bell-flower. €ANT ER-BUR-Y-GAL'LOP, n. The gallop of a horse, commonly called a canter ; said to be derived from the pilgrims riding to Canterbury on easy, ambling horses. CANTER-BUR-Y TALE, n. A fabulous story; so called from the tales of Chaucer. €ANT'ER-ING, ppr. Moving or riding with a slow gal- lop. CAN-THART-DIN, n. That peculiar substance existing in the meloe vesicatorius, or cantharides, which causes vesi- cation. eAN-THA'RIS, or plu. CAN-THAR'I-DE.'S, n. [Gr. Kavda- jJK-] Spanish flies •, a species of meZoe. €ANTH'US, 71. [Gr. Kavdo?.] Anangleof the eye ; a cavity at the extremities of the eyelids. €AN'TI-€LE, n. [Sp. and It. cantico.] 1. A song.— In the plural, Canticles, the Song of Songs, or Song of Solomon. 2. A canto ; a division of a song ; [obs.] €AN'TI-LIV-ERS, n. Pieces of wood framed into the front or sides of a house, to sustain the m.olding over it. Moxon. €AN'TIL-LATE, v. t. [L. cantillo.] To chant •, to recite with musicjil tones. jM. Stuart. €AN-TIL-La'TION, ?!. A chanting; recitation with mu- sical modulations. CANT'ING, ppr. I, Throwing with a sudden jerk ; toss- ing. 2. Speaking with a whine or song-like tone. €ANT'ING-LY, adv. With a cant. tCAN'TION, 71. A song or verses. Spenser. tCAN'TLE, n. [Arm. c hant ell ; Fr. chanteau.] A frag- ment; apiece; a portion. Shak. tCAX'TLE, V. t. To cut into pieces ; to cut out a piece. CANT'LET, n A piece ; a little corner ; a fragment. CAN'TO, 7?. [It.] A part or division of a poem, answering to what, in prose, is called a look. In Italian, canto is a song, "and it signifies, also, the treble part, first treble, or highest vocal pail. CAN'TON, ?>. [It. cantone.] 1. A small portion of land, or division of territory ; also, the inhabitants of a canton. 2. A small portion or district of territory, constituting a distinct stale or government ; as in Switzerland.— 3. In neraldry, a corner of the shield. 4. A distinct part or di- vision. CAN'TON, V. t. [Sp. acantonar.] 1. To divide into small parts or districts, as territory. 2. To allot separate quar- ters to each reghnent of an army or body of troops. ex\N'TON-AL, a. Pertaining to a canton ; divided nito cantons. I CAN'TONED, ^. Divided into distinct parts or quarters- lodged in distinct quarters, as troops. ' I €AN'TON-ING, ppr. Dividing into distinct districts ; allot- I ting separate quarters to each regiment. CAN'TOiV-lZE, V. t. To canton, or divide into small dis- tricts. Davics. CAN'TON-MENT, 7). A part or division of a town or vil- lage, assigned to a particular regiment of troops ; separate quarters. CANTRED, )??. [\,. centum.] A hundred villages, as in CAN'TREE, \ Wales. CAN'TY, a. In the north of England, cheerful, talkative CAN'VAS, 7?. [Fr. canev as.] 1. A coarse cloth, made of hemp or flax, used for tents, sails of sliips, painting, and other purposes. 2.. A clear, unbleached cloth, wove reg- ularly in little squares, used for working tapestry W7th the needle. — 3. Among the French, the rough draught or model on which an air or piece of music is composed, and given to a poet to finish. — 4. Among seamen, cloth in sails, or sails in general. CAN'V AS-€LlMB'ER, n. A sailor that goes aloft to handle sails. Shak. CAIV'VASS, V. t. [Old Fr. cannabasser.] 1. To discuss 2. To examine returns of votes ; to search or scrutinize. CAN'VASS, V. i. To seek, or go about to solicit votes or in- terest ; to use efforts to obtain ; to make interest in favor of. CAN'VASS, n. 1. Examination ; close inspection to know the state of. 2. Discussion; debate. 3. A seeking, soli- citation, or efforts to obtain. CAN'VASSED, pp. Discussed ; examined. CAN'VASS-ER, n. 1. One who solicits votes, or goes about to make interest. 2. One who examines the returns of votes for a public officer. CAN'VASS-ING, ppr. Discussing ; examining ; sifting ; seeking. CAN'VASS-ING, n. The act of discussing, examining, or making interest. Ca'NY, a. Consisting of cane, or abounding with canes. CAN'ZONE, 7). [It.] A song or au- in two or three parts, with passages of fugue and imitation. CAN'ZO-NET, n. [It. camonetta.] A little or short song, in one, two or tliree parts. CA-oUT'CHoUC, 71. The Indian name of gum-elastic, or Indian rubber, a substance produced trom the syringe-tree in South America. CAP, n. [Sax. cceppe.] I. A part of dress made to cover the head. 2. The ensign of a cardinalate. 3. The top, or the uppermost ; the highest. 4. A vessel in form of a cap. 5. An act of respect, made by uncovering the head CAP, V. t. 1. To cover the top, or end ; to spread over. 2. To deprive of the caiy, or take off a cap. — To cap verses, is to name alternabely verses beginning with a par- ticular letter ; to name in opposition or emulation ; to name alternately in congest. t CAP, V. i.To uncover the head in reverence or civility. CAP-A-PIE'. [Fr.] From head to foot ; all over ; as, arm- ed cap-a-pie. CAP'-Pa-PER, n. A coarse paper, used to make caps to hold commodities. CAP'-SHeAF, ?i. The top sheaf of a stack of grain ; the crowner. CA-PA-BIL'I-TY, 77. The quality of being capable ; capa- city ; capableness. ShaK. Ca'PA-BLE, a. [Fr. capable.] I. Able to hold or contain ; able to receive ; sufficiently capacious. 2. Endued with power competent to tlie object. 3. Possessing mental powers; intelligent: able to understand, or receive into the mind ; having a capacious mind. 4. Susceptible. 5. Qualified for ; susceptible of. 6. Qualified for, in a moral sense ; having legal power or capacity. 7. Hollow; [obs.] Shak. Ca'PA-BLE-NESS, 7?. The state or quality of being capa- ble ; capacity ; power of understanding ; knowledge. €A-FAC'L-F\,v.t. To qualify. [Unusual.] CA-Pa'CIOL S, a. [l^.tapaz.] 1. Wide; large; that will hold much. 2. Broad ; extensive. 3. Extensive ; com prehensive ; able to take a wide view. CA-Pa'CIOUS-LY, adv. in a wide or capacious manner. CA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. V^'ideness ; largeness ; as of a vessel. 2. Extensiveness ; largeness ; as of a bay. 3. Comprehensiveness ; power of taking a wide survey. CA-PAC'I-TATE, 7;. «. 1 To make capable; to enable, to furnish with natural power. 2. To endue with moral qualifications ; to qualify ; to furnish with legal powers. CA-PAC'1-TA-TED, pp. Made capable : qualified. CA-PAC-I-Ta'TION, n. 1 he act of making capable. CA-PAC'I-TY, n. [L. capacitas.] 1. Passive power ; the power of containing or holding ; extent of room or space 2. The extent or comprehensiveness of the mind ; the power of receiving ideas or knowledge. 3. Active pow- er ; ability. 4. State ; condition ; character ; profession ; occupation. 5. Ability, in a moral or legal sense ; qual- ification ; legal power or right. — 6. In geometry, the solid *See Synopsis. Mv'iVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; "cflfio7i, a covered lodg- ment, sunk four or five feet into the ground, encompassed with a parapet. CA-POT', n. [Fr.] A winning of all the tricks of cards at the game of piquet. CA-POT', V. t. To win all the tricks of cards at piquet. •CAPPER, 71. One whosa, business is to make or sell caps. ^ €AP'RE-0-LATE, a. [L. capreolus.] In botany, having tendrils, or filiform spiral claspers. €A-PRiCE', n. [Fr. caprice.] A sudden start of the mind ; a sudden change of opinion, or hmnor ; a whim, freak, or particular fancJ^ CA-PRI CI-Il-O, n. Freak; fancy. Shak. CA-PRi"CIOUS, a. Freakish ; whimsical ; apt to change opinions suddenly, or to start from one's purpose ; un- steady ; changeable ; fickle ; fanciful ; subject to change or irregularity. €A-PRl 'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a capricious manner ; whim- sicallv. eA-PRl"CIOUS-NESS, ?!. .1. The quality of being led by caprice ; whimsicalness ; unsteadiness of purpose or opin- ion. 2. Unsteadiness ; liableness to sudden changes. €AP'RI-€OEN, 11. [L. capricornus.] One of the twelve signs of the zodiac, the winter solstice. €AP-RI-FI-€aT10N, n. [L. caprificatio.] A method of ripening figs by means of a gnat or insect that pricks the bud. €AP'RI-F0LE, 71. [L. caprifoliuin.] Honeysuckle ; wood- bine. Spenser. CAl'RI-FORM, a. [L. caper and forma.] Having the form of a goat. Eel. Rev. €AP'Ri-OLE, 72. [Fr., now cabriole : Sp., Port, cabriola.] In the manege, caprioles are leaps that a horse makes in the same place without advancing. CAPRI-PED, a. [L. caper and^es.] Having feet like those of a goat. CAP'SI-CUM, «. Guinea pepper. Chambers. €AP-SlZE', V. t. To upset or overturn ; a sea7ncni's phrase. Mar. Diet. CAP'STAN, 7!. sometimes written capstef-n. [Fr. cabestan.l A strong, massy column of timber, formed like a truncated cone, and having its upper extremity pierced, to receive bars or levers, for winding a rope round it, to raise great weights. C \pIu-L a^^'y ! '^- follow, like a chest. €AP'SU-LATE, I a. Inclosed in a capsuie, or as in a CAP 'SU-LA-TED, \ chest or box. CAPSULE, ?;. [h. capsula.] 1. The seed-vessel of a plant. 2. A small saucer made of clay for roasting samples of ores for melting them. CAP'TAIN, (kap'tin) n. [Fr. capitaine.] 1. Literally, a head or chief officer ; appropriately, the military officer who commands a company. 2. The commander of a ship. 3. The commander of a military band. 4. A man skilled in war or military affairs. 5. A chief commander. Shak. But in this sense rarely used, but in composi- tion. Captain-General is the commander in chief of an army, or of the militia. — Captain-Lieutenant is an oflicer, who, with the rank of captain and pay of lieutenant, com- mands a company or troop. — Captain-Bashau, or Capu- dan-Bashaic, in Turkey, is the high admiral. CAP'TAIN, a. Chief; valiant. Shak. €AP'TAIN-CY, 71. 1. The rank, post or commission of a captain. Washington. 2. The jurisdiction of a captain, or commander, as in South A7nerica. CAP'TAIN-RY, n. The power or command over a certain district ; chieftainship. Spenser. CAP'TAIN-SHIP, n. 1. The condition or post of a captain or chief commander. 2. The rank, quahty or post of a captain. 3. The command of a clan, or government of a certain district. 4. Skill in military affairs. €AP-Ta'TION, 77. [L. captatio.] The act or practice of catching favor or applause by flattery or address. »unopsis. A, E, T, 5, U, -y, lon-g.—FAli, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN MARlNE. BIRD ;.— t Obsolete CAR 123 CAR €AFTION, n. [L. capiio.] 2. The act of taking, or appre- hending by a judicial process ; [little used.] 2. A certifi- cate signed by coniinissioners in chancery, declaring wlien and where tlie commission was executed. 3. A preamble. CAP'TIOUS, a. [L. captiosus.'] 1. Disposed to find fault, or raise objections ; apt to cavil. 2. Fitted to catch or in- snare ; insidious. 3. Proceeding from a caviling dispo- sition. €AP TIOUS-LY, adv. In a captious manner ; with an in- clination or intention to object ar censure. €AP'T10US-NESS, n. Disposition to find fault ; inclination to object ; peevishness. Locke. €AP'T1-VATE, V. t. [L. captivo.'] 1. To take prisoner ; to seize by force ; as an enemy in war. Shak. 2. To sub- due ; to bring into bondage. 3. To overpower and gain with excellence or beauty ; to charm ; to engage the affections 5 to bind in love. Addison. 4. To enslave. Locke. €AP'TI-VATE, a. Taken prisoner. Shak. €AP'TI-VA-TED, pp. Made nrisoner ; charmed. €AF'TI-VA-TING, ppr. 1. Taking prisoner ; engaging the affections. 2. a. Having power to engage the affections. €AP-TI-Va'TION, n. The act of taking a prisoner 3 a tak- ing one captive. CAP'TlVE, n. [Fr. captif.] 1. A prisoner taken by force or stratagem in war, by an enemy. 2. One who is charmed or subdued by beauty or excellence ; one whose affections are seized. 3. One who is iusnared by love or flattery, or by wiles. 4. A slave. €AP'TlVE, a. 1. Made prisoner in war ; kept in bondage or confinement. 2. Holding in confinement. f €AP'TlVE, V. t. To take prisoner ; to bring into subjec- tion. Dry den €AP-TIV'I-TY, n. [Fr. captivite ; L. captivitas.] 1. The state of being a prisoner. 2. Subjection to love. 3. Sub- jection ; a state of being under control. 4. Subjection ; servitude ; slavery. € A-P'TOR, n. [L. capio.] One who takes, as a prisoner or a prize. It is appropriately one who takes a prize at €APT'URE, n. [L. captura ; Fr. capture.] 1. The act of taking or seizing. 2. The thing taken 5 a prize ; prey taken by force, surprise or stratagem. 3. Seizure ; arrest. €APT'URE, V. t. To take or seize by force, surprise or stratagem, as an enemy or his property ; to take by force under the authority of a commission. €APT'URED, pp. Taken as a prize. €APT'UR-ING, ppr. Seizing as a prize. €A-Pl]C'CI-0, n. [It.] A capuchin, or hood. €A-PUCH'ED, a. Covered with a hood. [L. u.] Brown. €AP-U-CHiN', 71. [Fr. cupucine.] 1. A garment for females, consisting of a cloke and hood, made in imitation of the dress of capuchin monks. 2. A pigeon whose head is covere^ with feathers. €AP-U-CHINS', 71. Monks of the order of St. Francis, who cover their heads with a capuce, capuclion. CAP'U-CINE, n, A species of monkey, the saa-oo, or sa'i. €AP'U-LIN, n. The Mexican cherry. €AR, €AER, CHAR, in names of places, is sometimes the Celtic Caer, a town or city, as in Caermarthen. €AR, 71. [W. car.] 1. A small vehicle moved on wheels, usually drawn by one horse. — 2. In poetical language, any vehicle of dignity or splendor ; a chariot of v^ar, or of triumph. 3. The constellation called Charleses wain, or the bear. €ARA-BlNE, or €AR-BlNE', n. [Fr. caraUnc.] A short gun, or fire arm, carrying a ball of 24 to the pound. CAR-A-BI-NEER', 7;. A man who carries a carabine ; one who carries a longer carabine than others, which is some- times used on foot. €AR'A€, )?;. [^oxi. carraca ; Yr. caraque.] A large ship CAR'ACK, \ of burden ; a Portuguese Indiaman. CAR'A-OOL, 7?. [¥r. caracole.] 1. In the 7?ia7?eg'e, a semi- round, or half turn, which a horseman makes. — 2. In archi- tcctitre, a staircase in a helix or spiral form. €AFv.'A-€OL, V. i. To move in a caracol ; to wheel. €AF^'A-€OL-Y, n. A mixture of gold, silver and copper. €AR'AT, 7!,. [It.carato: Fr. carat.] 1. The weight of four grains, used by gold-smiths and jewelers. 2. The weight that expresses the fineness of gold. The whole mass of gold is divided into 24 equal parts, and as many 24th parts as it contains of pure gold, it is called gold of so many carats. Thus gold of twenty-two parts of pure metal is gold of tv/enty-two carats. 3. The value of any thing ; [obs.] AR'A-VAN, 77. [Ar. ; Sp. caravana ; Fr. caravane.] A company of travelers, pilgrims or merchants, marching or proceeding in a body over the deserts of Arabia, or other region infested with robbers. CAR-A-VAN'SA-RY, n. A place appointed for receiving and loading caravans ; a kind of inn, where the caravans rest at night, being a large square building, with a spa- cious couit in the middle. €AR'A-VEL, or €AR'VEL, n. [Sp. caravela ; It. caravello , Fr. caravelle.] 1. A small vessel on the coast of France, used in the herring fishery. 2. A light, round, old fash- ioned ship. CAR'A-WAY, ?u [Gr. Kapos, Kapov.] A plant of the genus carum, a biennial plant. CAR'BON, n. [L, carbo ; Sp. carboii.] Pure charcoal ; a simple body, black, brittle, ligl:t and modorous. €aR-BON-a'CEOUS, a. Pertain.ng to charcoal. See Car- bonic. t CAR'BO-NADE, or f €AR-BO-Na'DO, n. Flesh, fowl or the like, cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals. { S!Sg:SiS)0', S - '■ -r- <^"t «' hack. Shak. CaR'BON-ATE, 71. In chemistry, a compound formed by the union of carbonic acid with a base ; as the carbonate of lime. €aR'BON-A-TED, a. Combined with carbon. €AR-B0N'I€, a. Pertaining to carbon, or obtained from it. €AR-B0N-IF'ER-0US, a. [L. carbo and fero.] Producing carbon, or coal. €AR-BON-I-Za'TION, 71. The actor process of carbonizing CaII'BON-iZE, v. t. To convert into carbon by combustion or the action of fire , to expel from wood or other sub- stance allvolatile matter. €AR'BON-iZED, pp. Converted into carbon or charcoal. €AR'BON-0-H5'DROUS, a. [carJori, and Gr. u^wp.] Com- posed of carbon and hydrogen. €AR'B0N-0US, a. Carbonous acid is carbon not fully satu- rated with oxygen. CAR'BUN-€LE, n. [L. carbunculus.] 1. An anthrax ; an inflammatory tumor, or painful gangrenous boil or ulcer. 2. A beautiful gem, of a deep-red color.— 3. In heraldry/, a charge or bearing consisting of eight radii, four of which make a common cross, and the other four a saltier. €AR'BUN-€LED, a. Set with carbuncles ; spotted. €AR-BUN'eU-LAR, a. Belonging to a carbuncle •, resem- bling a carbuncle ; red ; inflamed. €AR-BUN-eU-LA'TION, n. [L. carbtmculatio.] The blast- ing of the young buds of trees or plants. €AR'BU-RET, n. A combination of carbon with a metal, earth or alkali. €AR'BU-RET-ED, a. Combined with carbon, or holding carbon in solution. €AR'€A-JO, 71. The glutton, a voracious, carnivorous an- imal. CAPv.'€A-NET, n. [Fr. carcan.] A chain or collar of jewels. Shak. €AR'€ASS, n. [Fr. carcasse.] 1. The body of an animal ; usually the body when dead. 2. The decaying remains of a bulky thing, as of a boat or -ship. 3. The frame or main parts of a thing unfinished, or without ornament. CAR'CASS, 71. [It. carcassa.] An iron case or hoUcw ves- sel, about the size of a bomb, of an oval figure, filled with combustible and other substances, as meal-powder, salt- petre, sulphur, broken glass, turpentine, &c., to be thrown from a mortar into a town, to set fire to buildings. t €AR'CEL-AGE, n. [L. career.] Prison fees. CaR'CER, n. A starting-post. CAR CER-AL, a. Belonging to a prison. CAR-CI-A^o'MA, 7?. [Gr. KapKivwpa.] A cancer; also, a turgescence of the veins of the eye. €AR-CI-Ko'MA-TOUS, a. Cancerous ; like a cancer, or tending to it. CARD, V. [Fr. carte.] 1. A paper m- pasteboard of an ob- lojig figure, on which are painted figures or points ; used ill games. 2. A blank ])iece of paper, or the like paper with some writing upon it, used in messages of civility or business. 3. The paper on which the points of the compass are marked. CARD, V. i. To play much at cards ; to game. CARD, 7?. [D. kaard.] An instrument for combing, opening and breaking wool or flax. CARD, V. t. To comb, or open wool, flax, hemp, &c., with a card. CARD'A-MlNE, n. [Gr.] The plant meadow-cresses, 01 cuckow-flower. €aR DA-MOM, 71. [Gr. Kap^ajxiciiov.] A plant of the genus amomuvi. CARD'ED, pp. Combed 5 opened ; cleansed with cards. CARD'ER, n. One who cards wool; also, one who plays ratich at cards. Wvtton. *CAR'DI-A-€AL, ^ a. [L. cardiacus.] 1. Pertaining to the CAR'DI-AC, \ heart. 2. Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomacli. CAR'DI-AC, n. A medicine which excites action in the stomach, and anihiates the spirits. CAR'DI-AL-GY, n. [Gr. Kapbia and a^yo^.] The heart- burn. It is called, also, the cardiac passion. CAR'DI-NAL, a. [L. cardinalis.] Chief, principal, preemi- nent, or fundamental ; as the cardinal virtues, which pa- gans supposed to be justice, prudence, temperance and fortitude. Se-J Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. CAR 124 CAR €AR'DI-NAL, ??. 1. An ecclesiastical prince in the Rnmish church, who has a voice in the conclave at the election of a pope. 2. A woman's cloke. CAR I)i NAL-FLOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus lobelia, of many species. eARDl-NAI,-ATE, or€AR'DI-NAL-SHIP, 71. The office, rank or dignity of a cardinal. €AR'DI-NAL-iZE, ?;. t. To make a cardinal. [Little tised.] €ARD'ING, ppr. 1. Combing, as flax, wool, &c. 2. The act of playing at cards. [Little used.] CARD'iNG-MA-CHiNE', n. A machine for combing, break- ing and cleansing woo! and cotton. €AR'DI-OID, n. [Gt. KapSia.] An algebraic curve, so call- ed from its resemblance to aheart. CARD'iTE, 71. Fossil or petrified shells of the genus car- diuvi. €ARD'-Ma-KER, n. A maker of cards. CARD'-MATCH, n. A match made by dipping pieces of card in melted sulphur. CAR-DOON', n. [Sp. cardon.] A species of cynara, resem- b.ing the artichoke, but larger. CARD'-Ta-BLE, 7i. The table appropriated to the use of gamesters, or used for playing cards on. €AR'DU-US-BEN-E^DI€'TUS, n. The herb called blessed thistle. CARE, 71. [Sax. car, cara.] 1. Concern ; anxiety ; solici- tude •, noting some degree of pain in the mind, from ap- prehension of evil. " They shall eat bread by weight and with care." Ezelc. iv. 2. Caution ; a looking to ; regard ; attention, or heed, with a view to safety or protection. 3. Charge or oversight, implying concern for safety and prosperity. 4. The object of care, or watchful regard and attention. CARE, V. i. 1. To be anxious or solicitous ; to be concern- ed about. 2. To be inclined or disposed ; to have regard to. CARE'-CRAZED, a. Broken or disordered by care, or so- licitude. CARE'-DE-FY'ING, a. Bidding defiance to care. CARE'-TuNED, a. Tuned by care ; mournful. Shak. CA RE'-WOUJMD-ED, a. Wounded with care. May. t CAR'ECT, n. A charm. See Chakact. CA-REEN', V. t. [Fr. carener.] In sea language, to heave or bring a ship to lie on one side, for the purpose of re- pairing. CA-REEN', V. i. To incline to one side, as a ship under a press of sail. Mar. Diet. CA-REEN'ED, (ca-reend') pp. Laid on one side ; inclined. CA-REEN'ING, jW- Heaving down on one side ; inclin- ing. CA-REEN'ING, n. The act of heaving down on one side, as a ship. CA-REER', n. [Fr. carriere.] 1. A course ; a race, or running ; a rapid running ; speed in motion. 2. General course of action or movement ; procedure ; course of pro- ceeding. 3. The ground on which a race is run. 4. In the manege, a place inclosed with a barrier, in which they run the ring. — 5. In falconry, a flight or tour of the hawk, about 120 yards. CA-REER', V. i. To move or run rapidly. CA-REER'ING, ppr. Running or moving with speed. CARE'FUL, a. 1. Full of care ; anxious ; solicitous. 2. Provident ; attentive to support and protect. 3. WatcJi- ful ; cautious ; giving good heed. 4. Filling with care or solicitude ; exposing to concern, anxiety or trouble ; full of cares. CARETIJL-LY, adv. 1. With care, anxiety, or solicitude. ?. Heedfully ; watchfully •, attentively. 3. In a manner that shows care. 4. Providently ; cavitiously, GARE'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Anxiety ; solicitude. 2. Heed- fulness ; caution ; vigilance in guarding against evil, and providing for safety. CARE'LESS, a. 1. Having no care ; heedless ; negligent ; unthinking •, inattentive ; regardless ; unmindful. 2. Free from care or anxiety ; whence, undisturbed ; cheer- ful. 3. Done or said without care ; unconsidered. 4. Not regarding with care ; unmoved by ; unconcerned for. 5. Contrived without art. CARE'LESS-LY, adv In a careless manner or way ; neg- ligently ; heedlessly ; inattentively ; without care or con- cern. CARE'LESS-NESS n. Heedlessness ; inattention , negli- gence ; manner wunout care. tCA''REN-CY, 71. Lack-, want. Bp. Richardson. CAR'EN-TANE, n. [Fr. quarantaine.] A papal indul- gence, multiplying the remission of penance by forties. Taylor. CA-RESS', V. t. [Fr. caresser.] To treat with fondness, af- fection, or kindness ; to fondle; to embrace with tender atiection ; as a parent a child. CA-RESS', 71. An act of endearment ; any act or expression of affection ; an embracing with tenderness. CA-RESS'ED, (ca-resf) pp. Treated or embraced with af- fection. CA-RESS'ING,ppr. Treating with endearment, or affection Ca'RET, ?)-. [L.] In writing, this mark, a, which shows that something, omitted in the line, is interlined above, or inserted in the margin, and should be read in that place. CAR'GA-SON, n. A cargo ; which see. Howell. CAR'GO, 71. [W. carg ; Sp. cargo.] The lading or freight of a ship ; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is convey- ed in a ship or other merchant vessel. CAR'GOOSE, n. A fowl belonging to the genus colymbus Ca'RI-A-TED, a. Carious. Sec Carious. CA-RI-AT'I-DES. See Caryatides. CARI-BOO, n. A quadruped of the stag kind. CAR'I-CA, n. The papaw, a tree bearing a fleshy fruit of the size of a small melon. CAR'I-CA-TuRE, n. [It. caricatura.] A figure or descrip- tion, in which beauties are concealed and blemishes exag- gerated, but still beating a resemblance to the object CAR'I-CA-TuRE, v. t. To make or draw a caricature ; to represent as more ugly than the life. Lyttelton. CAR'I-CA-Tu-RfST, n. One who caricatures others. CAR-I-COG'RA-PHY, n. [L. care?:, and Gr. yoa. t. To drink lavishly. Shak. € A-ROUSE' (ca-rouz') ti. A drinking match ; a full draught of liquor ; a noisy drinking match. €A-RO[JS'ER, n. A drinker ; a toper ; a noisy reveler, or bacchanalian. €A-ROUS'ING, ppr. Drinking hard ; revehng. CARP, V. i. [L. carpo.] Literalhj, to snap or catch at, or to pick. Hence, to censure, cavil, or find fault, particu- larly without reason, or petulantly. t€ARP, V. i. To blame. Abp. CrauTner. €ARP, 71. [Fr., Port, carpe.] A fish, a species of C7jprimis. CAR 'PAL, «. [L. carpus.] Pertaining to the wrist. €AR-Pa'THI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Carpates, a range of mountains. CAR'PEN-TER, 71. [Fr. charpentier.] An artificer who works in timber 5 a framer and builder of houses, and of ships. €AR/PEN-TRY, 71. The art of cutting, framing, and join- ing timber, in the construction of buildings. CARP'ER, 71. One who carps •, a caviler. €AR'PET, 71. 1. A covering for floors, tables, stairs, &c. 2. Level ground covered, as with grass. Shak. — To be on the carpet, is to be under consideration. The French phrase, to be o7i the tapis, is used in the like sense. --Cc?-- pet-kiiight, in Shakspeare, is a knight who enjoys ease and security, or luxury. — Carpet-monger is used in a like sense. €AR'PET, V. t. To cover with a carpet. Baco7i. CAR'PET-ED, pp. Covered with a carpet. €aR'PET-ING, 71. Cloth for carpets ; carpets in general. €aR'PET-WALK, 71. A walk on smooth turf. eARP'ING, ppr. Caviling ; captious ; censorious. CARP'ING, 71. The act of caviling ; a cavil ; unreasonable censure. GaRFING-LY, adv. Captiously ; in a carping manner. CARP'MeALS, 71. A kind of coarse cloth made in the north of England. Phillips. CaRP'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. Kap-rros and 'kidos.] Petrified fruits, as nuts converted into silex. €AR-POL'0-GlST, n. [Gr. Kapnos and Xeyw.] One who describes fruits. €AR-P0L'0-6Y, n. A description of fruits. CaR'PUS, 71. [L.] The wrist, but Tiot a7i ETiglish icord. €ARR, 71. A marsh or flat land. JVorth of England. €AR'RA€. SeeCARAC. CAR'RAT. Set! Carat. CAR'RA-WaY, n. A kind of apple. Mason. t €AR'RI-A-BLE, a. That may be carried. CAR'RIAGE, (car'ridje) ?).. [iPr. charring c.} 1. Theacinf carrying, bearing, transporting, or conveying. 2. The act of taking by an enemy ; conqiiest ; acquisition ; [uhs.'] 3. That which carries, especially on wheels ; a vehicle. 4. TJte price or expense of carrying. 5. That whicli is carried ; burden, as baggage, vessels, furniture, &,c. [lit- tle used.] 6. The manner of carrying one's self; belia- vior ; conduct ; deportment ; personal manners. IJryden 7. Measures ; practices ; management. Shak. €ARRI-B00. S-^e Cariboo. €AR'RI€K-BEND, n. A particular kind of knot. €AR'RI€K-BITTS, n. In a ship, the bitts which support the windlass. Mar. Diet. €AR'RI-ER, 71. 1. One who carries ; that which carries or conveys ; also, a messenger. 2. One who is e/nplojed tc carry goods. 3. A pigeon that conveys letters from place to place, the letters being tied to the neck. €AR'RI-ON, n. [It. carogna.] I. Tlie dead and putrefying body or flesh of animals. 2. A worthless woman ; a term of reproach. Shak. €aR RL-ON, a. Relating to dead and putrefying carcasses ; feeding on carrion. Shak. €AR-RON-aDE', n. [from Carron, in Scotland, where it was first made.] A short piece of ordnance, having a large caliber, and a chamber for the powder, like a mor- tar. €AR-R00N', n. 1. In London, a rent received for the priv- ilege of driving a cart. Ash. 2. A species of cherry. Tvoke. €AR'ROT, 71. [It. carota ; Fr. carotte.] An esculent root, of the genus daucus. CAR'ROT-Y, a. Like a carrot in color ; aii epithet given tc red hair. CAR'RoWS, 71. In Ireland, people who wander about, and get tlieir living by cards and dice ; strolling gamesters. Spc7iscr. CAR'RY, V. t. [W. cariaw ; Fr. charrier.] 1. To bear, con- vey, or transport, by sustaining and moving the thing car- ried. 2. To convey ; as, sound is carried in the air. 3. To efiect ; to accomplish ; to prevail ; to gain the object ; as, to carr7j a point. 4. To bear out ; to face through. 5. To urge, impel, lead or draw, noting moral impulse. 6. To bear ; to have. 7. To bear ; to show, display or exhibit to view. 8. To imply or import. 9. To contain or com- prise. 10. To extend or continue in time. 11. To ex- tend in space. 12. To support or sustain. 13. To bear or produce, as trees. 14. To manage or transact, usually with on. — 15. To carry one':,- self, to behave, conduct or demean. 16. To remove, lead or drive. 17. To remove ; to cause to go. 18. To transport ; to affect with extraor- dinary impressions on the mind. 19. To fetch and bring. 20. To transfer. To carry coals, to bear injuries. Mason. — To carry off, to remove to a distance ; also, to kill. — To carry on, 1. To promote, advance, or help forward ; to continue. 2. To manage or prosecute. 3. To prosecute, continue or pur- sue. — To carry through, to support to the end ; to sustain or iceep from failing, or being subdued. — To carry out, to bear from wit' 'n ; also, to sustain to the end ; to continue to the end. — To carr^j away, in seamanship, is to break ; to carry sail till a spar breaks. CAR'RY, V. i. 1. To run on rotten ground, or on frost, which sticks to the feet, as a hare. 2. To bear the head in a particular manner, as a horse. 3. To convey ; to propel. t CAR'RY, n. The m^^ton of the clouds. €!AR'RY-I'NG, ppr. Bearing, conveying, removing, &c. CAR'RY- ING, n. A bearing, conveying, removing, trans- porting. — Ca7-rying trade, the trade which consists in the transportation of goods by water from country to country, or place to place. t CAR'RY-TALE, n. A tale-bearer. Shak, €ART, n. [W. cart.] 1. A carriage with two wheels. 2. A carriage in general. CART, V. i. To use carts for carriage. Mortimer. €ART, V. t. 1. To carry or convey on a cart. 2. To expose in a cart, by way of punishment. €ART'A6E, 71. The act of carryhig in a cart, or the price paid for carting. CART-BOTE, 71. In English law, wood to which a tenant is entitled for making and repairing carts and other in- struments of husbandry. CART'ED, pp. Borne or exposed in a cart. €ART- HORSE, 71. A horse that draws a cart. CART'ING, ppr. Conveying or exposing in a cart. €ART'ING, 71. The act of carrying in a cart. CART'-JADE, 71. A sorry horse ; a horse used in drawing, or fit only for the cart. Sidney. €ART'-LoAD, 71. A load borne on a cart •, as much as is usually earned at once on a cart, or as is sufficient to load it. €ART'-ROPE, n, A rope for binding hay or other articles on a cart. * See Synopsis. MOVE» BOOK, D6VE ,— BULL, UN iTE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH a« SH TH as in this, f Obsolete CAR 12G CAS GART'-RUT, n. The cut nr track of a cart-wheel. CART'-TlRE, n. The tixc, or iron bands, used to bind the wheels of a cart. GART'-WaY. ?:. A way that is or may be passed with i;:irls, or other wh^el carriages. GART'-WHEEL, n. The wheel of a cart. €ART'-W Right, (cart rite) n. An artificer who makes cartp. CARTE -BLANCHE, (kirt-blansh') [Fr.] Paper. A blank paper signed at the bottom with a person's name, given to another person with permission to superscribe what conditions he pleases. *€AR'TKL, 11. [It. cartello ; Fr., Sp., Por*. cartel.] 1. A writing or agreement between states at war, for the ex- change of prisoners, t r for some mutual advantage ; also, a vessel employed to convey the messenger on this occa- sion. 2. A letter of defiance or challenge •, a challenge to single combat. This sense the word has still iii France and Italy ; but with us it is dbsc\&te.~- Cartel-ship, is a ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying propositions to an ene^ny. + €isR'TEL, V. i. To defy. B. Jonson. €ART ER. u. The man who drives a cart, or whose occupa- tion is to drive a cart. t€ARTvER-LY, adv. Rude, like a carter. Cotgrave. €AR-TeSIAN, (car-te'zhun) a. Pertaining to the philoso- pher Des Cartes, or to his philosophy. CAR-Tk'SIAN, n. One who adopts the philosophy of Des Cartes. eAR-THA-6lN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to ancient Car- thage. €AR-THA-GIN'I-AN, n. An inhabitant or native of Car- thage. €AR'THA-MUS, n. The generic name of bastard saffron. See S^-^-FLOWER. CAR-THu'SIAN, (car-thu'zhuri) n. One of an order of monks, so called from Chartreuse, the place of their insti- tution. _ CAR-THu'SIAN, a. Relating to the order of monks so call- ed Chambers. eAR'TIL-A6E, n. [L. cartilaao ; Fr. ci-rtilagc] Gristle •, a smooth, solid, elastic substance, softer than bone. eAR-TI-LAG'JN-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining to or resembling a cartilaze ; grstly •, consisting of cartilage. — 2. In ichthyol- ogy, cdrtilaginous fishes are those whose muscles are sup- ported by cartilages instead of bones. eAR-'J'OON', n. [it. cartone.'] In ^airttwio-, a design drawn on s'rcng paper. CAR-TOUCH', re. [Ft. cartouche.'] 1. A case of wood, girt with marlin, holding about four hundred musket balls, and *ix or eight iron balls of a pound weight, to be fired out of a howitz, for defending a pass. 2. A portable box for cnarges. [See Cartridge-box.] 3. A roll or scroll on ttie cornice of a column. eAR'TtllDGE, n. A case of pasteboard or parchment, hold- ing tne charge of powder, or powder and ball, for a can- noTi, mortar, musket or pistol. CaR'TRIDGE-BOX, n. A case, usually of wood, covered with leather, with cells for cartridges, CAR'TU-LA-RY, n. [Fr, cartulaire.] A register-book, or record, as of a monastery. CAR'U-CATE, n. [L. cai-uca.] As much land as one team can plow in the year. CAR'UN-CLE, n. [L. caruncuJa.] 1. A small, fleshy ex- crescence, either natural or morbid. Coze. 2. The fleshy comb on the head of a fowl. CA-RUNC'U-LAR, a. In the form of a caruncle. CA-RUN€'U-LA-TED, a. Having a flesh.y excrescence, or soft, fleshy protuberance. CARVE, w.f. [Sax. ceo?-/a», cea?-/(ni.] 1 . To cut into small pieces or slices, as meat at table. 2. To cut wood, stone or other material into some particular form ; to engrave ; to cut figures or devices on hard materials. .S. To m;ike or shape by cuttirg. 4. To apportion ; to distribute ; to provide at pleasure ; to select and take, as to one's self, or to select and give to another. 5. To cut ; to hew. Shak. — To carve out, is to cut out, or to lay out, by design ; to plnn. CARVE, V. i 1. To cut up meat. 2. To exercise the trade of a sculptor. 3 To engrave or cut figures. f CARVE, n. A carucate. = ARVED, pp. Cut or divided ; engraved ; formed by carv- ing. CAR'VEL, n. 1. See Caravel. 2, The urtica marina, or sea hlnhber. CARVER, 71. 1. One who cuts meat at table ; a sculptor ; one who apportions or distributes at will, Dryden. 2. A large table knife for carving. CARY'ING, ppr. Cutting, dividing, as meat ; cutting in stone, wood or metal ; apportionin.g •, distributing. CARVING, 77. The act of cutting, as meat ; the act or art of cutting figures in wood or stone ; sculpture ; figures carved . CAR-Y-A TES, or €AR-Y-AT'I-DES, n. In architecture. figuies of women diessed in long robes, after the Asiatic manner, serving to support entablatures. CAR-Y-AITC, a. Pertaining to the Caryans or Caryatides. CA R-Y-0-PHYL'LE-OUS, a. [Gr. Ka^vov and 9ij;XAor.] Having five petals with long claws, in a tubular calyx ; applied to flowers tCAR-Y-OPH'YL-LOID, n [Gr. Ka^vofvWov. \ A species of mica. CA-SARCA, n. A fowl of the genus anas. CASCA-BEL, n [Port. cascaveL] The knob or pummelion of a cannon. €AS-CaDE', 71. [Fr. cascade.] A waterfall. Tlie word is applied to falls that are less than a cataract. €AS-CAL'H0, n. [Port.] In Brazil, a deposit of pebbles, gravel and sand, in which the diamond is usually found. CASE, n. [Fr. caisse.] 1. A covering, box or sheath ; tluit which incloses or contains. 2. The outer part of a build- ing. 3. A certain quantity. 4. A building unfurnished • [not used.] CASE, V. t. 1. To cover with a case ; to surround with any material tliat shall inclose or defend, 2. To put in a case or box, 3. To strip off a case, covering, or the skin : [an- u.mal.] Shah. CASE, 7i, [Fr. cas ; L. casus.] 1. Literally, that which falls, comes, or happens ; an event. Hence, the particular state, condition, or circumstances that befall a person, or in which he is placed. 2. The state of the body, with re- spect to health or disease. — To be in ffood case, is to be fat, and tnis phrase is customarily abridged, to be in case. 3. A question ; a state of facts involving a question for discussion o- decision. 4. A cause or suit in court. — 5. In grammar, the inflection of nouns, or a change of termina- tion. — III case is a phrase denoting condition or supposi- tion ; if it should so fall out, or happen. — Put the case, sup- pose the event, or a certain state of things. — Action on the case, in hue, is an action in which the whole cause of comjjlaint is set out in the writ. t CASE, V. i. To put cases. U Estrange. Cased, pp. covered with a case. CaSE'-HARD-EN, v. t. To harden the outer part or super- ficies, as of iron, by converting it into steel. Ca'SE-IC, a. [L. caseus.] The caseic acid is the acid of cheese. CaSE'-KNiFE, 7). A large table knife, often kept in a case CaSE'MATE, n [Fr. casemate.] 1. In fortification , a vault of mason's work in the flank of a bastion, next to the cur- tain, serving as a battery to defend the face of the opposite bastion, and the moat or ditch. 2. A well, with its sub- terraneous branches, dug in the passage of the bastion. CaSE'MENT, v. [It. casamento.] 1. A hollow molding, usually one sixth or one fourth of a circle. 2. A little, movable window. Ca'SE-OUP, a. [L. casexis.] Like cheese ; having the qual- ities of cheese. CAS'ERN, n. [Fr. caserne.] A lodging for soldiers in garri- son towns. CaSE'-SHOT, 71. Musket balls, stones, old iron, &c., put in cases, to be discharged from cannon. CaSE'-WoEM, n. A worm that makes itself a case. CASH, n. [Fr. caisse.] Money ; primarily, ready money, money in chest or on hand, in bank or at command. CASH, V. t. ]. To turn into money, or to exchange for money. 2. To pay money for. t CASH, V. t. To discard. [For cashier.] CASH'-AC-COUNT', n. An account of money received, paid, or on hand. CASH'-BOOK, v. A book in which is kept a register or ac- count of rnoney. CASH'-KEEP-ER, 71. One intrusted with the keeping of monev. CASH'EW-NUT, v.. a tree of the West Indies. CASII-IeR', n. [Fr. caissier.] One who has charge of moneyj, a cash-keeper. CASH-IeR', v. t. [Fr. casser.] 1. To dismiss from an office or place of trust, by annulling the commission •, to break, as for mal-conduct, and therefore with reproach. 2. To dismiss or discard from service or from society. 3. To re- ject ; t^ annul or vacate. CASH-IeRED, (cash-eerd') ;>?. Dismissed ; discarded ; an- nulled^ CASH-IeR'ER, n. One who rejects, discards or breaks. CASH-IeR'ING, jjpr. Discarding j dismissing from service CASH'OO, 71. The juice or gum ot a tree in the East Indies CaS'ING, ppr. Covering with a case. CaB'ING, 77. 1. The act or operation of plastering a houst with mortar on the outside. 2. A covering ; a case. CASK, or CASaUE, n. [Fr. casque.] A head-piece; a helmet ; a piece of defensive armor, to cover and protect the head and neck in battle. f CASK, V. t. To put into a cask. CASK, 71. [Sp., Port, casco.] A close vessel for containing liquors, as a pipe, hogshead, butt, barrel, &c. CaS'KET, 7!, ] , A small chest or box, for jewels or other See Synopsis I K, T, O, V, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PREY ;--PtN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete CAS- 127 CAS small articles. — 2. In seamen^s language, a small rope, fastened to grcmets. €AS'KET, V. t. To put in a little chest. Shak. eAS'P[-AN, a. [L. Caspim.'] An epithet given to a large lake between Persia and Astrachan, called the Caspian Sea. t€ASS, V. t. [Fr. casser ; L. quasso.] To quash ; to defeat ; to annul. Raleigh. €ASS A-DA, or €ASS'A-VI, n A plant, of the genus ja- troplia, of different species. €AS-SA-MU-NAIE,', n. An aromatic vegetable. f €AS'SAT£, V. t. [Fr. casser.] To vacate, annul, or make void._ €AS-Sa'TION, n. The act of annulling. In France there is a court 0? cassation. €AS'SA-WARE. See Cassowary. €AS'SIA, (cash'ia) n. [Fr. casse.] A genus of plants of many species. Cassia is also the name of a species of lati- rus, the bark of which usually passes under the name of zinnamon. From a plant of this kind was extracted an aromatic oil, used as a perfume by the Jews. €AS'Sl-DO-NY, n. [Fr. cassidoine.] A species of plant, ffuaphalium, cotton-weed. €AS'S[-MER, n. [Sp. casiinira.] A thin, twilled, woolen cloth. eAS-S'i'NO, n. A game at cards. Todd. eAS'SI-0-B(J-RY, n. A species of plant, of the genus cas- sine. €AS-SI-0-Pe'A, n. A constellation in the northern hemi- sphere. €AS-SI-Tk'RI-A, 71. [L. cassiteron.] A kind of crystals. €AS'SOeK, n. [Sp. casaca.] A robe or gown worn over the other garments, particularly by the clergy. A close gar- ment, now generally that "which clergymen wear under their gowns. €AS'SO€KED, a. Clothed with a cassock. CAS-SON-aDE', n. [Fr.] Cask-sugar •, sugar not refined. CAS'SO-WA-RY, n. [Sp. casueZ.] A large fowl of the genus stmtliio. €ASS'-Vv''EED, n. A weed called shepherd'' s-pouch. CAST, V. t. pret. and pp. cast. [Dan. Raster ; Sw. kasta.] 1. To throw, fling or send •, that is, to drive from, by force, as from the hand, or from an engine. 2. To sow ; to scatter seed. 3. To drive or impel by violence. 4. To shed or throw off 5 as, trees cast their fruit. 5. To throw or let fall. 6. To throw, as dice or lots. 7. To throw on the ground, as in wrestling. 8. To throw away, as worthless. 9. To emit, or tnrow out. 10. To throw, to extend, as a trench. 11. To thrust. 12. To put, or set, in a particular state. 13. To condemn ; to convict, as a criminal. 14. To overcome in a civil suit, or in any con- test of strength or skill. 15. To cashier or discard. 16. To lay aside, as unfit for use ; to reject, as a garment. 17. To make to preponderate •, to throw into one scale, for the purpose of giving it superior weight ; to decide by a vote that gives a superiority in numbers. 18. To throw to- gether several particulars, to find the sum ; to compute ; to reckon ; to calculate. 19. To contrive •, to plan. 20. To judge, or to consider, in order to judge;. 21. To fix, or distribute the parts of a play among the actors. 22. To throw, as the sight ; to direct, or turn, as the eye ; to glance. 23. To found; to form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal into a mold ; to run. 24. Figu- ratively, to shape ; to form by a model. 25. To commu- nicate ; to spread over. To cast aside, to dismiss or reject as useless or inconven- ient. — To cast away, to reject ; to throw away ; to lavish or waste by profusion ; to turn to no use ; to wreck, as a ship. — To cast by, to reject; to dismiss or discard with neglect or hate, or as useless. — To cast down, to throw down •, to deject or depress the mind. — To cast forth, to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place ; to emit, or send abroad ; to exhale. — To cast off, to discard or reject ; to drive away •, to put off ; to put away ; to disburden. — Among huntsmen, to leave beliind, as dogs ; to set loose, or free. — Among seamen, to loose, or untie. — To cast out, to send forth ; to reject or turn out ; to throw out, as words ; to speak, or give vent to. — To cast up, to com- pute ; to reckon ; to calculate. Also, to eject ; to vomit. — To cast on, to refer or resign to. — To cast onc^s self on, to resign or yield one's self to the disposal of, without re- serve. — To cast young, to miscarry ; to suffer abortion. — To cast in the teeth, to upbraid ; to charge ; to twit. €AST, V. i. 1. To throw forward, as the thouglits, with a view to some determination ; or to turn or revolve in the mind ; to contrive. 2. To receive form or shape. 3. To warp ; to twist from regular shape. Moxon.—A. In sea- ?n.o?i'.s language, to fall off, or incline, so as to bring the ride of a ship to the wind. €AST, ??. 1. The act of casting •, a throw ; the thing thrown •, the form or state of throwing •, kind or manner of throw- ing. 2. The distance passed by a thing thrown •, or the space through which a thing thrown may ordinarily pass. 3. A stroke , a touch. 4. Motion or turn of the eye ; di- rection, look or glance ; a squinting. 5. A throw of dice , hence, a state of chance or hazard. 6. Form -, shape. 7. A tinge ; a slight coloring, or slight degree of a color. 8. Manner ; air ; mien •, as, a peculiar cast of countenance. 9. A flight; a number of hawks let go at once. 10. A small statue of bronze. — 11. Among founders, a tube of wax, fitted into a mold, to give shape to metal. 12. A cylindrical piece of brass or copper, slit in twolesigthwise, to form a canal, or conduit, in a mold, for conveying metal. — 13. Among plumbers, a little brazen funnel, at one end of a mold, for casting pipes without sodering, by means of which the melted metal is poured into the mold. 14. ^Sp., Port. casta.~\ A breed, race, lineage, kind, sort. — 15. In Hindostan, a tribe or class of the same rank or profession 16. Atrick. Martin. CAS-Ta'LI-AIN, a. Pertaining to Castalia, a cool spring on Parnassus, sacred to the muses. €AST'A-NET, n. [Sp. castancta, castavuela.] An instru- ment of music formed of small concave shells of ivory or hard wood, shaped like spoons. €AST'A-WAY, n. That wliicn is thrown away. A person abandoned by God, as unworthy of his favor ; a repro- bate. €AST'A-WAY, a. Rejected •, useless ; of no value CAST'ED, pp. for cast, is not in use. €AS'TEL-LAN, n. [Sp. castellan,] A governor or consta- ble of a castle. €AS'TEL-LA-NY, n. The lordship belonging to a castle ; or the extent of its land and jurisdiction. €AS'TEL-LA-TED, a. 1. Inclosed in a bmlding, as a toun- tain or cistern. 2. Adorned wita turrets and battlements like a castle. €AS-TEL-La'TION, n. The act of fortifying a house, and rendering it a castle. CaST'ER, n. 1. One who throws or casts ; one who com putes ; a calculator ; one who calculates fortunes. 2. A small vial or vessel for the table. 3. A small wheel on a swivel, on which furniture is cast, or rolled, on the floor. CAS'TI-GATE, ij. f. [L. castigo.] To chastise ; to punish bv stripes ; tp correct •, to chasten ; to check. €AS'Ti-GA-TED, pp. Punished ; corrected. CAS'Tl-GA-TING, ppr. Punishing ; correcting ; chastising. €AS-TI-Ga'TIO?^% n. 1. Punishment ; correction ; penance , discipline ; emendation ; restraint. — 2. Among the iJo7??a7is, a military punishment inflicted on offenders, by beating with a wand or switch. CAS'TI-GA-TOR, n. One who corrects, €AS'TI-GA-T0-RY, a. Tending to correction ; corrective ; punitive. Bramhall. €AS'TI-GA-T0-RY, 71. An engine formerly used to punish and correct arrant scolds, called also a ducking-stool, or trehucket. €AS'TiLE-SoAP, n. A kind of pure, refined soap. €AS-TIL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Castile in Spain. €AS-TIL'Iy\N, n. An inhabitant or native of Castile in Spain. CaST'ING, ppr. Throwing ; sending ; computing ; calcu- lating ; turning ; giving a preponderancy ; deciding ; run- ning or throwing into a mold to give shape. CAST'ING, 71. 1. The act of casting or founding. 2. That which is cast in a mold ; any vessel formed by casting melted metal into a mold, or in sand. 3. The taking of casts and impressions of figures, busts, medals, &c. €aST'ING-NET, n. A net which is cast and drawn, in distinction from a net that is set and left. CAST'ING-VOTE, or CAST'ING-YOICE, n. The vote of a presiding officer, m an assembly or council, which de- cides a question, wiien the votes of the assembly or house are equally divided between the affirmative and negative. - U. States. Coze. CAS'TLE, (kas'sl) n. [Sax. castel ; L. castellum.] 1. A house fortified for defense against an enemy ; a fortress. 2. The house or mansion of a nobleman or prince. — 3. In a ship, there are two parts called by this name ; the fore- castle, a short deck in tije fore part of the ship, above the upper deck •, and the hindcastle, at the stern. — Castle in the air, a visionary project ; a scheme that has no solid foundation. CAS'TLE, v.t. In the game of chess, to cover the king with a castle, by a certain move. CASTLE-BUILD'ER, n. One who forms visionary schemes. CAS'TLE-BUILD'ING, n. The act of building castles lu the air. CASTLE-CROWNED, a. Crowned with a castle. CAS'TLED, a. Furnished with castles. Drydtn. CAS'TLE-GUARD, 71. A feudal tenure. CAS'TLE-RY, 7?. The government of a castle. CAS'TLE-SoAP, n. [from Castile soap.] A kind of soap. Add.ison. CAS'TLET, n. A small castle. Leland. CAS'TLE-WARD, n. An imposition laid for maintaining watch and ward in the castle. CAST'LING, n. An abortion or abortive. • Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNI'i-E.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Tll as in this, f Obsolete I CAT 128 CAT CAS'TOR, 71. [L.] 1. A beaver, an amp):ibious quadruped, wiiJi a flat, ovate tail, short ears, a blunt nose, small fme feet, and large hind feet. 2. A reddish brown substance, of a strong, penelraling smell, taken from bags or cods in 'I'le groin of ilie beaver -. a powerUil antispasmodic. — 3. In a^-trono?ny, a moiety of the constellation Gemini, called also Apvllo. — Castor and PuUux, in metcoroloiry, a fiery meteor, wliich, at sea, appears sometiaies adhering to a part iif a ship, in the form of balls. G'VS-To'RE-UM, 7!. The ingiiinal gland of the beaver. €aS'TO-R[N, ) ?i. An animal principle, prepared by boil- CAS ?0-RrNE, \ ing castor. €aS'TUR-(D[L, n. The oil of the riciniis, or palma Christi, a plant of the West Indies. XeASTO-RY, n. Trobably the oil drawn from the castore- um. €AS-TRA-ME-Ta'TION, n. [L. castrametor.] The art or act of encampmg ; the marking or laying out of a camp. €.AjS'TRATE, v. t. [L. castro.] 1. To geld ; to deprive of tne testicles •, to emasculate. 2. To take away or re- trench, as the obscene paits of a v/riting. 3. To take out a leaf or sheet from a book, and render it imperfect €AS'TRA-TED, pp. Gelded ; emasculated ; purified from obscene expressions. €AS'TRA-TL\G, ppr. Gelding 5 taking away the obscene parts of a writing. €AS-TRa'TION, n. Tlie act of gelding: the act or practice of making eunuchs ; the act of taking away the ob=!cene parts of a writing ; the act of taking oxit a leaf or sheet of a book. — In botany th3 cutting off of the anthers, or tops of the stamens of flowers, before the ripening of the pollen. €AS-TRa'TO, n. [It.] A male person emasculated for the purpose of improving his voice for a sinser. GAS TREL, or KESTREL, n. A kind of hawk, resembling the lanner in shape, and the hobby in size. €AS-TKEX'SIAX, a. [L. castreusis.] Belonging to a camp. eASU-AL, (cazh'u-al) a. [Ft. c a sue! ; Sp., Port, casual.] 1. Falling ; happening, or coming to pass, without design in the person or persons affected, anO svithout being fore- seen, or expected ; accidental •, fortuitous ■, coming by chance. 2. Occasional ; commg at certain times, without regularity, in distinction from stated, or regular. 3. Tak- ing place", or beginning to exist, without an elScient intel- ligent cause, and without design. eAS'U-AL-LY, adv. Accidentally ; fortuitously ; without design ; by chance. GASU AL-XESS, n. Accidentalness ; the quality of being casual. €AS'U-AL-TY, (cazh'u-al-ty) ??. ]. Accident ; that which comes by chance or without design, or without being fore- seen •, contingency. 2. An accident that produces unnat- ural death ; and, by a metonymy, deatn, or other misfor- tune, occasioned by an accident. — 3. In S:ots la^c, an emolument due from a vassal to Jiis superior, beyond the stated vearlv duties, upon certain casual events. €AS U-IST, (cazh'u-ist) ?f. [It., Sp., Port, ccsiusia.] One who studies and resolves cases of conscience. eAg'U-IST, V. i. To play the part of a casuist. €\fS-Tj l^ Tl F \T { °" ^sl'i^ing to cases of conscience. €AS'U-IS-TRY, (cazh u-is-try) n. The science or doctrine of cases of conscience ; the science of determining the lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do. — Casus faderis. [L.] The case stipulated by treaty." €AT, n. [Ir. cat ; Fr. chat.] 1. A name applied to a cer- tain species of carniverous quadnipeds, of the genus felis. 2. A ship formed on the Norwegian model. "3. A strong tackle or combination of pulleys,"to hook and draw an anchor perpendicularly up to the cat-head of a ship. 4. A double tripod, having six feet.— Ccf of nine tails, an in- strument of punishment, consisting of nine pieces of line or cord. €AT -BLO€K, n. A two or three fold block, with an iron strop and large hook, used to draw up an anchor to the cat-Jiead. €AT'.-?'-EYE, n. Sun-stone, a subspecies of quartz. €AT-EYED, a. Having eyes like a cat. €AT'-FISH, 7(. A species of the squalits, or shark. GAT'S'-FOOT, n. A plant of the senus ^lechoma. eAT-GUt, n. The intestines of sheep or lambs, dried and twisted together, used as strings for violins and other in- struments.^ €AT-HARP-IXGS, n. Ropes serving to brace in the shrouds of the lower masts behind their respective yards, to tighten the shrouds, and give more room to draw in the yards, when the ship is close hauled. eAT'-HEAD, n. A strong beam projecting horizontally over a ship's bows. €AT'S-HEAD, n. A kind of apple. "^AT'-HOOK, 71. A strong hook fitted to the cat-block. eAT-MINT, n. ,A plant of the genus nepeta. eAT'S'-PAW, n. 1. Among seame?i, a light air, perceived in a calm, by a rippling of the surface of the water ; also, a particular tuni in the bight of a rope, made to hook a tackle on. 2. A dupe ; the instrument which another uses. €AT'-SALT, n. A sort of salt beautifully granulated, form ed out' of the bittern or leach-brine €AT'SIL-YER, n. A fossU, a species of mica. €AT'-TAIE, n. 1. A species of reed, of the genus typha 2. A substance growing en nut-trees, oines, ice. €ATA-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. Kara and paTTricrns.] One who opposes baptism. €AT-A-€AUS TI€, a. [Gr. KaraKavixis.] Catacaustic curves, in geometry, are that species of caustic curves, which are formed by reflection. €AT-A-€HRe'SIS, n. [Gr. Karaxprjijis.] An abuse of a trope or of words ; a figure in rhetoric, when one word is abusively put for another. €AT-A-€HRES Ti€, ) a. Belonging to a catachi-esis : €AT-A-€HflES'Ti-€AL, \ forced 5 far-fetched 5 wrested from its natural sense. €AT-A-€HREST1-€AL-LY, adv. In a forced manner. €AT A-CLYSM, n. [Gr. KaraKXvajxos.] A deluge, or over- flowing of water. ILUtie used.] Jiall. €AT'A-€oMB, (cat'a-c5me) n. [Gr. Kara and KVfilSos.] A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place for the burial 01 the dead. €AT-A-€OUS'TI€S, v. [Gr. KaraKovu).} That part of acoustics, or the doctrine of sounds, which treats of re- flected sounds. €AT-A-DI-OPTRI€, ) a. [Gr. Kara and )ioi:Touai.] Ee- €AT-A-DI-OP'TKI-€AL, \ fleeting light. €^VT'A-DUPE, n. [Gr. nara and (5ou7r£w.] A cataract or waterfall. Brewer. €AT-AG-MAT I€, a. [Gr. Karayixa.] That has the qual- ity of consolidating broken parts. €AT'A-GRAPH, n. [Gr. Kara and ypa(p^o.] The first draught of a picture ; also, a profile. €Ar-A-LE€'Tl€, a. [Gr. Kara and Xeyw.] Pertaining to metrical composition, or to measure. — Catalectic verses are such as want cither feet or syllables. €AT-A-LLP SIS, 1 n. [Gr. KaTa\i]\j.is.] A sudden suppres €AT A-LEP-SY, J sion of motion and sensation, a kind of apoplexy, in which the patient is speechless, senseless, and fixed in one posture. €AT-A-LEP TI€, a. Pertaining to catalepsy. t€AT A-LO-GiZE, v. t. To uisert in a catalogue. €AT A-LOGUE, (kat a-log) 71. [Gr. Kara\oyos.] A list or enumeration of the names of men or things disposed in order. €AT A-LOGUE, v. t. To make a list of. Herbert €A-TAL PA, n. A large tree of Carolina. €A-TAL Y-SIS, a. [Gr. KaTa\vuii.] Dissolution. Taylor [Little iLsed.] €A-TAM'x\-IlAjNi, ?!. In jiaval language, a float so called. €AT-A-Me XI-A, n. The menses ; the monthly courses. €AT-A-Me'XI-AL, a. [Gr. Karapirivioi.] Pertaming to the catanienia, or menstrual discharges. €AT'A-.^ilTE, n. [L. cataniiius.] A boy kept for unnat- ural purposes. €AT'A-MOUXT, or €AT'A-MOUX'TAIN, 71. Cat of the mountain ; the wild cat. €AT'A-PASM, n. [Gr. Kara-aapLU.] A dry powder for sprinklmg the body. Coxe. €AT A-PELT, or CATA-PULT, n. [Gr. KaTaT:t\rr,s ; L. catapulta.] A military engine used by the ancient Greeks and Romans. €AT-A-PEL'Tie, a. Pertaming to the catapelt. As a noun, the catapelt. €AT-A-PHON'I€S, 7i. [Gr. Kara and (piovr).] The doc- trine of reflected sounds, a branch of acoustics. €AT'A-PHRA€T, n. [L. cataphracta.] 1. In the ancient wilitary art, a piece of heavy defensive armor. 2 A horseman in complete armor. .Milton. €AT'A-PLASM, n. [Gr. Ka~a-n\aaKa.] A poultice t€AT'A-PUCE, 7i. The herb spurge. Chaucer. €AT'A-PULT, 77. [L. catapulta.] See Catapelt. CAT A-RA€T, n. [L. cataracta.] 1. A great fall of wa- ter over a precipice, as that of Niagara. It is a cascade upon a gi-eat scale. 2. In medicine and surgery, an opaci- ty of the crystaline lens, or its capsule ; a disorder in the eye, by which the pupil, which is usually black and transparent, becomes opake, blue, gray, brown, &c., by which vision is impaired or destroyed. €A-TaRRH', n. [L. catarrhus.] A defluxion of mucus from the membranes of the nose, fauces, and bronchise, with fever, sneezing, cough, thirst, lassitude, and loss of appe- tite, called also a cold, coryza. An epidemic catarrh is called influenza. €A-TaRRH'AL, ) a. Pertaining to catarrh, produced by CA-TaRRH'OUS, \ it, or attending it. See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WH^^T •,— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD — t Obsolete CAT 129 CAT €A-TAS'TE-RISM, n. [Gr. KaTaffTepicfios.] A constella- tion, or a placing among the stars. €A-TAS'TRO-PHE, J ?i. [Gr. /caraarpo^;?.] 1. The change CA-T^IS'TRO-PHY, ) or revolution which produces the final event of a dramatic piece 5 or the unfolding and winding up of the plot. 2. A final event ; conclusion ; generally, an unfortunate conclusion, calamity, or disaster. €AT'€ALL, n. A squeaking instrument, used in play- house's to condemn plays €ATCH, V, t. pret. and pp. catched, or caught. [Sp. coger. The popular or common pronunciation is ketch.] 1. To seize or lay hold on with the hand ; carrying the sense of pursuit, thrusting forward the hand, or rushing on. 2. To seize, in a general sense. 3. To seize, as in a snare or trap ; to insnare ; to entangle. 4. To seize in pursuit ; hence, simply, to overtake. 5. To take hold ; to communi cate to. 6. To seize the affections ; to engage and attach X to. 7. To take or receive by contagion or infection. 8. To snatch j to take suddenly. 9. To receive something passing. — To catch at, to endeavor to seize suddenly. — To catch up, to snatch ; to take up suddenly. CATCH, V. i. 1. To communicate j to spread by infecting. 2. To seize and hold. CATCH, n. 1. Seizure ; the act of seizing. 2. Any thing that seizes or takes hold, as a hook. 3. The posture of seizing ; a state of preparation to catch, or of watching an opportunity to seize. 4. A sudden advantage taken. 5 The thing caught, considered as an object of desire ; prof- it ; advantage. 6. A snatch ; a short interval of action. 7. A little portion. 8. In music, a fugue in the unison, wherein, to humor some conceit in the words, the melo- dy is broken, and the sense is interrupted in one part, and caught and supported by another, or a different sense is given to the words. CATCH'A-BLE, a. That may be caught. [JtTot well author- ized.] CATCH'ER, n. One who catches ; that which catches, or in whichjuiy thing is caught. €ATCH'-FLY, n. A plant of the genus lychnis ; campion. CATCH'ING, ppr. Seizing ; taking hold ; insnaring ; en- tangling. CATCH'IXG, a. Communicating, or that may be communi- cated by contagion ; infectious. CATCH PEN-NY, n. Something worthless, particularly a book or pamphlet, adapted to the popular taste, and in- tended togain money in market. CATCH'-PoLL, n. A bailiff's assistant, so called by way of reproach. *€ATCn'UP, or*CAT'SUP, n. A liquor extracted from mushrooms, used as a sauce. CATCH'-WoRD, n. Among printers, the word placed at the bottom of each page, under the last line, which is to be inserted as the first word on the following page. CATE. See Gates. CAT-E-CHET'I-CAL, or CAT-E-CHET'IC, a. 1. Relat- ing to oral instruction, and particularly in the first princi- ples of the Christian religion. 2. Relating to, or consist- uig in asking questions and receiving answere. CAT-E-CHET I-CAL-LY, adv. By question and answer ; in the way of oral instmction. CAT'E-CHISE, V. t. [Gr. /caT?7;:^£i^a).] 1. To instruct by asking questions, receiving answei-s, and offering explana- tions and corrections. 2. To question ; to interrogate ; to examine or try by questions, and sometimes with a view to reproof, by eliciting answers from a person, which con- demn his own conduct. 3. Appropriately, to ask ques- tions concerning the doctrines of the Christian religion ; to interrogate pupils, and give instruction in the princi- ples of religion. CAT'E-CHISED, pp. Instructed. CAT'E-CHlS-ER, n. One who catechises ; one who in- structs by question and answer, and particularly in the rudiments of the Christian religion. CAT'E-CHlS-ING, ppr. Instructing in rudiments or princi- ples. CAT'E-CHISM, 71. [Gr. »caT?7;^t(r//of.] A form of instruc- tion by means of questions and answers, particularly in the principles of religion. 2. An elementary book, con- taining a summary of principles in any science or art, but appropriately in religion, reduced to the form of questions and answers. CAT'E-CHIST, n. [Gr. Ka-TjxtcrTT]?.] One who instructs by question and answer ; a catechiser ; one appointed by tlie church to instruct in the principles of religion. CAT-E-€HIST'IC, ) a. Pertaining to a catechist, or cat- CAT-E-CHIST'I-CAL, \ echism. CAT-E-CHIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a catechlstical manner. South. €AT'E-CHU, 71. Terra Japonica, a dry extract, or brown as- tringent substance. CAT-E-CHtJ'MEN, n. [Gr. Karvxovixtva.] One who is in the first rudiments of Christianity ; one who is receiv- ing instruction and preparing himself for baptism. CAT-E-CHU-MEN'I-CAL, a. Belonging to catechumens. CAT-E-CHtJ'MEN-IST, n. A catechumen. CAT-E-GOR'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a category. 2. Ab- solute ; positive ; express ; not relative or hypotheti- CAT-E-GOR'I-CAL-LY, adv. Absolutely; direcUy ; ex- pressly ; positively. CAT'E-GO-RY, n. [Gr. Karvyopia.] In logic, a series or order of all the predicates or attributes contained under a genus. CAT-E-Na'RI-AN, )a. [L. catenarius.] Relating to a CAT'E-NA-RY, \ chain ; like a chain. CAT'E-NATE, v. t, [L. catena.] To chain, or rather tc connect in a series of links or ties. CAT-E-Na'TION, n. Connection of links, union of paits, as in a chain ; regular connection. See Concatena- tion. CAT'E-NU-LATE, a. Consisting of little links or chains. Ca'TER, v. i. To provide food ; to buy or procure provis- ions. Ca'TER, n. A provider. [See Caterer.] Old Eng. achor- tor. Chaucer. Ca'TER, n. The four of cards or dice ; so written for Fr quatre. Ca'TER-COUS'IN, n. A quatre-cousin, a remote rela tion. Ca'TER -ER, n. [from cater. In Chaucer, achator, from achcter.] A provider, buyer, or purveyor of provisions. Ca'TER-ESS, n. A woman who caters ; a female provider of food. CAT'ER-PIL-LAR, 71. The colored and often hauy larva of the lepidopterou^ insects. CAT'ER-PIL-LAR-eAT ER, n. A worm bred in the body of a caterpillar, which eats it. CAT'ER-WAUL, v. i. To cry or waul, as cats in rutting time ; to make a harsh, offensive noise. CAT'ER-WAUL-ING, ji. The cry of cats ; a harsh, disa- greeable noise or cry. Ca'TER-Y, 71. The place where provisions are deposited. CaTES, 71. Delicious food or viands ; dainties. CATH'A-RIST, n. [Gr. Kadapos.] One who pretends to more purity than others possess. CA-THaR'TIC, or CA-THARTI-CAL, a. [Gr. KaBapri- KOi.] Purging ; cleansing the bowels ; promoting evacu- ations by stool •, purgative. CA-THaR'TIC, 71. A medicine that promotes alvine dis- charges, and thus cleanses the stomach and bowels ; a purge ; a purgative. €A-THAR'TI-CAL-NESS,7!. The quality of promoting dis- charges from the bowels. CA-THe'DRAL, 7). [L. cathedra.] The see or seat of a bishop_; the principal church in a diocese. CA-THe'DRAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the church which is the bishop's seat, or head church of a diocese ; containing the see of a bishop. 2. Resembling the aisles of a cathe- dral. CATH'E-DRA-TED, a. Relating to the authority of the chair or office of a teacher. CATH'E-RiNE-PEaR, n. An inferior kind of pear. CATH'E-TER, 71- [Gr. Kadervp.] In s^irgery, a tubular instrument, usually made of silver, to be introduced into the bladder, to draw off the urine when the natural dis- charge is suppressed. CATH'E-TUS, n. [Gr. Kaderog.] In geometry, a line or radius, falling perpendicularly on another line or surface. CATHOLES, 71. Two little holes astern above the gun- room ports of a ship. CATH'O-LIC, a. [Gr. Kaeo\iK.og.] 1. Universal or general ; as, the Catholic church. 2. Liberal ; not narrow-minded, partial or bigoted. — Catholic epistles, the epistles of the apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to a particular church. CATH'O-LIC, 71. A papist. CA-THOL'I-CAL, a. General. Orerrory. * CATH O-Ll-Cisai, n. 1 . Adherence to the Catholic church 2. Universality, or the orthodox faith of the whole church 3. More generally, liberality of sentiments. *CATHO-LI-ClZE, v. i. To become a Catholic. [Little used.] CATH'O-LIC-LY, adv. Generally ; in a Catholic manner CATH'0-LIC-NESS, n. Universality. CA-THOL'I-CON, n. [Gr. KadoXiKov.] A remedy for all diseases ; a universal remedy ; a remedy supposed to be efiicaciousin purging away all humors ; a panacea. CAT'I-LIN-ISM, 71. The practices of Catiline, the Roman conspirator ; conspiracy. CAT'KIN, 71. In botany, a species of calyx, or rather of in- florescence. CAT'-LIKE, a. Resembling a cat. Shak. CATTjING, 71. 1. A dismembering knife, used by surgeons 2. The down or moss growing about walnut-trees, resem- bling the hair of a cat, 3. Catgut. Shak. CAT'NIP, 71. A plant ; cat-mint. * See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.2-C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete. CAU 130 CAV 6A-T0 NI-AN, a. Pertaining to or resembling Cato ; grave j severe ; inflexible. €A-TOP'TER, or€A-TOP'TRON, n. [Gr. KaroTTTpov.] An optical glass or instrument. « €A-TOPiTIll€, ; a. Relating to catoptricg, or vision by eA-TOP'Tia-€AL, \ reflection. €A-TOP'TRI€S, 71. [Gr. KaToriTpiKos.] That part of optics which explains the properties of reflected light. €A-TOPTRO-MAN-CY, w. [Gr. KUToizTponavTSta.] A spe- cies of divination among the ancients. €AT'-PIPE. See Catcall. * GAT'SUP. See Catchup, Ketchup. GAT'TLE, n. sing, or plu. [Norm, catal, chastel.] 1. Beasts or quadrupeds in general, serving for tillage, or other labor, and for food to man. In its jrrimary sense, the word includes cajnels, horses, asses, all the varieties of domesticated horned beasts, of the bovine genus, sheep of all kinds, and goats. 2. In the United States, cattle, in common usage, signifies only beasts of the bovine genus, oxen, bulls, cows, and their young. 3. In reproach,, hu- man beings are called cattle. GAU-Ga'SIAN, or GAU-GA-Se'AN, a. Pertaining to Mount Caucasus in Asia. GAUG'US, n. A word used, in America, to denote a meet- ing of citizens to agree upon candidates, to be proposed for election to offices, or to concert measures for sup- porting a party. The origin of the word is not ascer- tained. GAUD'AL, a. [1,. cauda.'] Pertaining to a tail; or to the thread which terminates the seed of a plant. €AUD'A-TED ( °" ^^' '^"''"''^""l Having a tail. Fairfax. GAUD'EX, n. ; pZzt. Caudexe3. [L.] In botany, the stem of a tree. GAU'DLE, n. [Fr. chaudeati.'] A kind of warm broth, a mixture of wine and other ingredients. CAU'DLE, V. t. To make or prepare caudle, or to dress with caudle. Shak. GAUF, n. A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in 'water. GAUGHT, (cawt) pret. and pp. of catck. GAUK, or GAWK, n. A name giveji, by miners, to cer- tain specimens of the compact sulphate of barytes. GAUK'Y, a. Pertaining to cauk ; like cauk. GAUL, 71. [L. caula.] 1. In anatomy, a membrane in the abdomen, covering the greatest part of the lower intes- tines. 2. A kind of net in which females inclose their hair ; the hinder part of a cap. 3. Any kind of net. GAU-LES'CENT, a. [L. caulis.} In botany, having a stem different from that which produces the flower. GAU'LET, n. [L. caulus.] Colewort. GAU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. caulis and fero.] In botany,hav- ing a stem or stalk. GAUL'I-FLOW-ER, n. [It. cavolfiorc.] A variety of bras- sica, or cabbage, well known and much esteemed. GAUL'I-FOllM, a. [L. caulis and forma.] Having the fonn of a stalk, or of stems. GAUL'INE, a. [L. caulis.] In botany, growing immediate- ly on the stem. GAULK. See Calk. t GAUP'0-NATE, v. i. [1.. caitponm:] To keep a victual- ing house. j-GAUP'0-NTSE, V. t. To sell wine or victuals. GAtJS'A-BLE, a. That may be caused, produced oreflTected. GAUS'AL, a. Relating to a cause or causes ; implying or containing a cause ot causes ; expressing a cause. GAUS'AL, n. In grammar, a word that expresses a c;iuse, or introduces the reason. GAUS-AL'I-TY, 71. The agency of a cause ; the action or power of a cause, in producing its effect. €AUS'AL-LY, ado. According to the order or series of causes. Brown. GAUS'AL-TY, n. Amongminers, the lighter, earthy parts of ore^*carried off by washing. GAUS-a'TION, n. The act of causing or producing ; the act or agency by which an effect is produced. GAUS'A-TiVE, a. That expresses a cause or reason ; also, that effects as a cause. GAUS'A-TiVE-LY, adv. In a causative manner. GAUS-A'TOR, 71. One who causes or produces an effect. CAUSE, n. [Fr. caiwe ; Sp,, Port., It. causa ; L. catisa.] 1. A suit or action in court ; any legal process which a party institutes to obtain his demand. 2. That which produces an effect 5 that by virtue of which anything is done ; that from which any thing proceeds, and without which it would not exist. 3. The reason or motive that urges, moves, or impels the mind to act or decide. 4. Sake ; account. 5. That which a party or nation pursues ; or rather pursuit, prosecution of an object. — 6. Without cause, without good reason. GAUSE, V. t. 1. To produce ; to bring into existence. 2. To effect by agency, power, or influence. t GAUSE, V. i. To assign insufficient cause. GAUSED, pp. Produced ; efl'ected ; brought about. GAUSE'LESS, a. 1. Having no cause, or producing agent. 2. Without just ground, reason or motive. GAUSE'LESS-LY, adv. Without cause or reason. GAUSE'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being causeless. GAUS'ER, n. He that causes ; the agent by which an efl'ect GAUS'EY, (cauz'y) 71. [Norm, calsay ; Fr. chaussee.] A way raised above the natural level of the ground, by stones, earth, timber, fascines, &c., serving as a dry pas sage over wet or marshy ground. GAU-SID'I-GAL, a. [L. causidicus.] Pertaining to an ad vocate, or to the maintenance and defense of suits. GAUS'ING,pipr. Producing; effecting; bringing into being GAUS'TIG, ) a. [Gr. KavartKog.] Burning ; corroding ; G AUS'TI-G AL, ) destroying the textm-e of animal flesh . GAUS'TIG, n. In medicine, any substance which, applied to living animals, acts like fire ; an escharotic. GAUS-TIC I-TY, n. The quality of acting like fire on ani- mal matter. GAUS'TIG-NESS, n. The quality of being caustic. Scott. jGAU'TEL, 71. [L. cautela.] Caution. Shak. GAU'TEL-OUS, a. [Fr. cauteleux.] 1. Cautious ; wary ; provident. 2. Cunning ; treacherous ; wily. GAU'TEL-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Cunningly ; slily ; treacher- ously. Bacon. 2. Cautiously ; warily. Brown. GAU'TEL-OUS-NESS, n. Cautiousness. GAU'TER, n. A searing hot iron. Minsheu. GAU'TER-ISM, n. The application of cauterj-. GAU,TER-I-Za'TION, 71. In surgery, the act of burning or searingsome morbid part, by the application of fire. GAU'TER-iZE, v. t. [Fr. cauteriser.] To burn or sear with fire or a hot iron, as morbid flesh. GAU'TER-lZED, pp. Burnt or seared with a hot iron. €'AUiTER-lZ-mG, ppr. Burning, as with a hot iron. GAU'TER-iZ-ING, 71. The act of burning, as with a hot iron. GAU'TER-Y, n. [Gr. KavTrjpiov.] A burning or searing, a3 of morbid flesh, by a hot iron, or by caustic medicines. GAU'TION, 71. [L. cautio ; Fr. caution.] 1. Provident care ; prudence in regard to danger ; wariness. 2. Security for 3. Provision or security against ; measures taken for se- curity. 4. Precept ; advice ; injunction ; warning ; ex- hortation, intended as security or guard against evil. GAU'TION, V. t. To give notice of danger ; to warn ; to exhort ; to take heed. GAU'TfON-A-RY, a. 1. Containing caution, or warning, to avoid danger. 2. Given as a pledge or in security. GAU'TIONED, pp. Warned ; previously admonished. GAU'TION-ER, n. In Scots law, the person who is bound for another, to the performance of an obligation. GAU'TION-ING, jj;)r. Warning; giving previous notice of danger. GAU'TION-RY, n. In Scots law, the act of giving security for another. GAU'TIOUS, a. Wary ; watchful ; careful to avoid evils , attentive to examine probable effects and consequences of measures, with a view to avoid danger or misfortune ; prudent ; circumspect. GAU'TIOUS-LY, adv. With caution ; in a wary, scrapu- lous manner. GAU'TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being cautious, watchfulness ; provident care ; circumspection ; prudence with regard to danger. GAV'AL-GADE, n. [Fr. cavalcade.] A procession of per sons on horseback. GAV-A-LIeR', 71. 1. A horseman, especially an armed horseman ; a knight. 2. A gay, sprightly, military man. 3. The appellation of the party of king Charles 1.— 4. In fortification, an elevation of earth, situated ordinarily in the gorge of a bastion, bordered with a parapet, with em- brasures. — 5. In the manege, one who understands horse- ' manship._ GAV-A-LIeR', a. 1. Gay ; sprightly; warlike; brave; generous._ 2. Haughty ; disdainful. GAV-A-LIkR'LY, adv. Haughtily ; arrogantly ; disdain- fully. GAV-A-LIeR'NESS, n. Haughtiness ; a disdainful man ner. GAVAL-RY, 71. [Fr. cavalerie.] A body of military troops on horses ; a general term, including light-horse, dragoons, and other bodies of men, serving on horseback. Ga'VATE, v. t: To dig out and make hollow ; but super- seded by excavate. GAV-A-Ti'NA, 71. [It.] In music, a short air, without a return or second part, which is sometimes relieved by reci- tative. GA-Va'ZION, n. [L. cava.] In architecture, the underdig ging or hollowing of the earth for the foundation of a building. GAVE, n. [Fr. cave ; L. cavea.] A hollow place in the earth ; a subterraneous cavern ; a den. GAVE, v. t. To make hollow. Spenser. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH>^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, BIARINE, BIRD t Obsolete. CEI 131 CEM GAVE, V. i. To dwell in a cave. Sliak.—To cave in^ to fall in and leave a hollow. eA'VE-AT, n. [L.] 1. In law, a process in a court, especially in a spiritual court, to stop proceedings, as to stop ttie prov- ing of a will ; also, to prevent the institution of a clerk to a benefice. — In America, it is used in courts of common law. 2. Intimation of caution j hint ; warning ; admo- nition. Ga'VE-AT, v. i. To enter a caveat. Judge Imies. €a'VE-A-TING, n. In fencing, the shifting of the sword from one side of an adversary to the other. eA'VE-A-TOK,, n. One who enters a caveat. Judge Innes. eAV'ERN, 71. [L. caverna.} A deep, hollow place in the earth. eAV'ERNED, a. 1. Full of caverns, or deep chasms ; hav- ing caverns. 2. Inhabiting a cavern. eAV'ERN-OUS, a. [L. cavernosus.] Hollow ; full of cav- erns. Woodward. eAV-ERN'U-LOUS, a. [L. cavermda.'] Full of little cavi- ties. €A-VET'T0, n. [from It. cavo.'] In architecture, a hollow member, or round concave molding. €AV'£-ZON, or €AV'ES-SON, n. [Fr. caveman, or caves- son.] A sort of nose-band, which is put on the nose of a horse to forward the breaking of him. €A-V"L\R', (ca-veer') n. [Sp. cabial ; It. caviale.] The roes of certain large fish, prepared and salted. €AV'IL, V. i. [Sp. cavilar.] 1. To raise captious and frivo- lous objections ; to find fault without good reason. 2. To advance futile objections, or to frame sophisms, for the sake of victory in an argument. €AV'IL, V. t. To receive or treat with objections. {JVot €AV'IL, 71. False or frivolous objections ; a fallacious kind of reason. €AV'IL-ER, n. One who cavils ; one who is apt to raise cap- tious objections ; a captious disputant. €AV'1L-1NG, ppr. Raising frivolous objections. €AV'IL-ING-LY, adv. In a caviling manner. €AV'IL-ING-NESS, n. The disposition to cavil. €AV-IL-a'TION, 71. [L. cavillatio.] The act or practice of caviling, or raising frivolous objections. CAVI'L-OUS, a. Captious ; unfair in argument ; apt to ob- ject without good reason. €AV'ILr-0US-LY, adv. In a cavilous manner ; captiously. eAVTL-OUS-NESS, n. Captiousness ; disposition or apti- tude to raise frivolous objections. €A\''LN, n. [Fr.] In the militanj art, a hcJlow way, or natural hollow, adapted to cover troops. CAV'I-TY, n. [L. cavitas.] A hollow place ; hollowness ; an opening. €AV'0-LIN-ITE, n. Vesuvian mineral. €a'VY, 71. A genus of quadrupeds, holding a middle place between the murine and leporine tribes. eAW, V. i. [Sax. ceo.] To cry like a crow, rook, or raven. CAX'ON, 71. A cant expression for a wig. €AX'OU, n. [Sp. caxa, caxo7i.] A chest of ores of any metal that has been burnt, ground and washed, and is ready to be refined. [Local.] €a Y'AIAN, n. An animal of the genus lacerta, found in the West Indies ; the alligator. CA-ZW, or €A-ZiaUE', (ca-zeek') 7i. The title of a king or chief among several tribes of Indians in America. CkASE, v. i. [Fr. cesser.] 1. To stop moving, acting or speaking ; to leave ofi" ; to give over. 2. To fail ; to be wanting. 3. To stop ; to be at an end. 4. To be forgot- ten. 5. To abstain. CliiASE, V. t. To put a stop to ; to put an end to. Milton. t Cease, n. Extinction. Shak. CeASE'LESS, a. 1. Without a stop or pause ; incessant ", continual ; without intermission. 2. Endless ; enduring for ever. CeASE'LESS-LY, adv. Incessantly ; perpetually. CeAS'ING, ppr. Stopping ; ending ; desisting ; failing. CEG-GHIN', 71. A com of Italy and Barbary. See Zechin. *Ce'CI-TY, 71. [L. ccscitas.] Blindness. Brown. t CE-€ufTIEN-CY, 71. Tendency to blindness. CE'DAR, 77. [L. cedrus.] A tree. Ce'DAR^IKE, a. Resembling a cedar. Ce'DARN, a. Pertaining to the cedar. Milton. CEDE, V. t. [Fr. ceder.] 1. To yield ; to surrender •, to give up ; to resign. 2. To relinquish and grant. CeD'ED, pp. Yielded ; surrendered ; given up. CkB'ING, ppr. Yielding; giving up. Ce'DRAT, n. A species of citron-tree. Ck'DRiNE, a. Belonging to cedar. Ce'DRY, a. Having the color or properties of cedar. t CED'ULE, 71. A scroll ; a writing. Cotsravc. CED'U-OUS, a. Fit to be felled. Evelyn, (JEIL, (seel) v. t. [Sp. cielo.] To overlay or cover the inner roof of a building ; or to cover the top or roof of a room. ('ElLED, pp. Overlaid with timber, or with plastering. (/ElL'ING, ppr. Covering the top of a room or building. Ceiling, n. l. The covering which overlays the inner roof of a building, or the timbers which form the top ot a room. — 2._ In ship-building, the inside planks of a ship. CEL'AN-DlNE, n. [D. celedonie.] A plant, swallow-wort, horned or prickly poppy. *Ce'LA-TURE, 71. [L. ccelatura.] 1. The act or art of en- graving or embossing. 2. That which is engraved. CEL'E-BRATE, v. t. [Fr. celebrer ; L. celebro.] 1. To praise ; to extol ; to commend ; to give praise to ; to make famous. 2. To distinguish by solemn rites ; to keep holy 3. To honor or distinguish by ceremonies and marks of joy and respect. 4. To mention in a solemn manner, whether of joy or sorrow. CEL'E-BRA-TED, pp. Praised ; extolled ; honored. CEL'E-BRA-TING, ppr. Praising ; honoring. CEL-E-BR A'TION, 71. 1. Solemn performance ; a distinguish ing by solemn rites. 2. A distinguishing by ceremonies, or by marks of joy or respect. 3. Praise ; renown ; honor or distinction bestowed. CEL'E-BRA-TOR, n. One who celebrates. CE-Le'BRI-OUS, a. Famous ; renowned, [Little used.] CE-Le'BRI-OUS-LY, adv. With praise or renown. [L. u.] CE-Le'BRI-OUS-NESS, 71. Fame ; renown. [Little used.] CE-LEB'RI-TY, n. [L. celebritas.] 1. Fame ; renown : the distinction or honor publicly bestowed on a nation or per- son, on character or exploits. 2. Public and splendid transaction. CEL'E-RI. See Celery. CE-Le'RI-A€, 71. A variety of celery, called also the tur nep-rooted celery. See Celery. CE-LER'I-TY, 71. [L. celeritas.] 1. Rapidity in motion ; swiftness ; speed. 2. An affection of motion by v/hich a movable body runs through a given space in a given time. CEL'E-RY, n. [Fr. celeri.] A plant, a species of apium, cultivated for the table. CE-LES'TIAL, a. [L. calestis.] 1. Heavenly ; belonging or relating to heaven ; dwelling in heaven. 2. Belonging to the upper regions, or visible heaven. 3. Descending from heaven. CE-LES'TIAL, n. An inhabitant of heaven. Pope. CE-LES'TIAL-LY, adv. In a heavenly or transporting manner. fCB-LES'TI-F'V', V. t. To communicate something of a heavenly nature to any tiling. CEL'ES-TIN, ) n. In mineralogy, native sulphate of CEL'ES-TINE, \ strontian. CEL'ES-TINS, 71. A religious order, so named from Pope _Celestin. Ce'LI-AC, a. [Jj. cceliacv^.] Pertaining to the lower belly, or intestines. * CE-LIB'A-CY, or CEL'I-BA-CY, n. [L. calebs, cceliba- tus.'^ An unmarried state ; a single life. CELI'-BATE, 71. A single life ; celibacy. CELL, n. [L. cella.] 1. A small or close apartment, as in a prison, or a bath. 2. A cottage ; a cave 5 a small or mean place of residence. 3. A small cavity or hollow place, variously applied. — 4. In botany, a hollow place in a peri- carp, particularly in a capsule, in which seeds are lodged. — 5. In anatomy, a little bag, or bladder, containing fluid or other matter. 6. A religious house. CEL'L AR, 71. [L. cellarium .] A room under a house or other building, used as a repository of liquors, provisions, and other stores for a family. CEL'L AR- AGE, n. The room for a cellar ; a cellar, or cel- lars. CEL'LA-RET, n. A case of cabinet work, for holding bot- tles of liquors. [Local.] CEL'LAR-IST, or CEL'L AR-ER, n. An officer in a monas- tery who has the care of the cellar. fCEL'LER-ER, 71. A butler. CEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cella and fero.] Bearing or pro- ducing cells. CEL'LU-LAR, a. [L. cellula.] Consisting of cells, or con- taining cells. Kirwan. — The cellular membrane, in dimm?A bodies, is composed of an infinite number of minute cells, communicating with each other. fCEL'LULE, n. A little cell. CEL-LU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cellula and/ero.] Bearing or producing little cells. CELS'I-TUDE, 71. [L. celsitudo.] Height ; elevation. Chau- cer. CELT, n. One of the primitive inhabitants of the South of Europe. See Celtic. CEL-TI-Be'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Celtiberia. CEL-TI-Be'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of Celtiberia. CELT'IC, a. [W. Celt.] Pertaining to the primitive inhab- itants of the South and West of Europe, or to the early inhabitants of Italy, Gaul, Spain and Britain. CELT'I€, n. The language of the Celts. CELT'I-CISM, 71. The manners and custcais of the Celts. WartoTU CELT'IS, 71. The nettle-tree, of several species. CEM'ENT, 71. [L. camentum.] 1. Any glutinous or other substance, capable of uniting bodies in close cohesion, * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete CEN 132 CEN 2. Bond of union ; that which unites finnly. 3. Pow- ders, or pastes, surrounding bodies in pots and crucibles, for chemical purposes. CE-MENT', V. t. 1. To unite by the application of matter that produces cohesion of bodies. 2. To unite firmly or closely, CE-MENT', V. i. To unite or become solid ; to unite and cohere. CEM-EN-Ta'TION, n. 1, The act of cementing ; the act of uniting by a suitable substance.— 2. In chemistry, the act of applying cements to substances, or the corroding and changing of them by cement. CE-ftlENT'A-TO-RY, a. Cementing ; having the quality of uniting firmly. CE-MENT'ED,p^. United by cement ; changed by cement ; firmly uaited j consolidated. CE-MENTER, n The person or thing that cements. OE-JMEN'FING, ppr. Uniting by cement ; changing by means of a cement ; uniting closely •, consolidating. CEM-EN-Tl"TIOUS, a. Having the quality of cementing ; conglutinating j tending to unite or consolidate. CEM'E-TER-Y, n. [L. cmmeterium.'] A place where the dead bodies of human beings are buried. CEN and CIN denote kinsfolk. Gibson. *CIiN"'A-TO-RY, a. [L. cmnatorius.] Pertaining or relat- ing to supper. Brown. Ce'NO-BiTE, m. [Gi. Koivofiiorrig.] One of a religious order, who live in a convent, or in community. CEN-O-BIT'IC, I a. Living in community, as men be- CEN-0-BIT'I-€AL, \ longing to a convent. Ce'NO-BY, n. A place where persons live in community. Buck. CEN'0-TAPH, 71. [Gr. Ksvoracbiov.] An empty tomb erect- ed in honor of some deceased person ; a monument erect- ed to one who is buried elsewhere. CENSE, (sens) n. [L. census.] 1. A public rate or tax. Bacon. 2. Condition ; rank ; [obs.] B. Jonson. CENSE, V. t. [Fr. encenser.] To perfume with odors from burning substances. CENS'ER, n. [Fr. encensoir.] A vase or pan in which in- cense is burned. CENS'ING, ppr. PFrfuming with odore, jCEN'SION, 71. [L. censio.] A rate, tax, or assessment. J. Hall. CENS'OR, 71. [L. censor.] 1, An officer in ancient Rome, whose business was to register the eifects of the citizens, to inspect their manners, and impose taxes. 2. One who is empowered to examine all manuscripts and books, be- fore they are committed to the press. 3. One who is giv- en to censure. €EN-So'RI-AL, / a. 1. Belonging to a censor, or to the CEN-So'RI-AN, <) correction of public morals. 2. Full of censure. See Censorious, the proper word. CEN-So'RI-OUS, a. 1. Addicted to censure ; apt to blame or condemn ; severe in making remarks on others, or on tb'feir writings or manners. 2. Implying or expressing censure. CEN-So'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a censorious manner. CEN-So'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Disposition to blame and condemn; tbe habit of censuring or reproaching. 2. The quality of being censorious. CENS'OR-LIKE, a. Censorious •, austere. Cotgrave. CENS'OR-SHIF, 7i. The office or dignity of a censor ; the time during which a censor holds his office. CENS'U-AL, (sen'shu-al) a. [Ij. censuali^.] Relating to, or containing a census 5 liable to be rated. CENS U-RA-BLE, (sen'shu-ra-bl) a. [See Censure.] Wor- thv of censure ; blamable ; culpable ; reprehensible ; faulty. CENS U-RA-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; fitness to be censured. Whitlock. CENS'U-RA-BLY, adv In a manner worthy of blame. CENS'URE, (sen'shur) n. [L. censura ; Fr. censure.] 1. The act of blaming or finding fault, and condemning as wrong. 2. Judicial sentence ; judgment that condemns. CENS'URE, (sen'shur) v. t. [Fr. cens^irer.] 1. To find fault with and condemn as wrong ; to blame ; to express dis- approbation of. -2 To condemn by a judicial sentence, as in ecclesiastical ailalrs. 3. To estimate ; [not in use.] Shak. tCENS'URE, 7?. i. To judge. CENS'URED, pp. Blamed ; reproved ; condemned. CENS'UR-ING, ppr. Blaming; finding fault withj con- demning. CENS'US, 7i [L. from censeo. See Cense. l 1. In ancient Rome, an authentic declaration made before the censors, by the citizens, of their names and places of abode. 2, In the United States d/ ./Smenca, an enumeration of the in- habitants, taken by public authority. CENT, 71. [Fr. cent.] 1. A hundred. In commerce, per cent, denotes a certain rate by tlie hundred.— 2. In the United States of .America, a copper coin whose valu« is the hundredth part of a dollar. CENT'A6E, 71. Rate by the cent or hundred. CEN'TAUR, 71. [L. eentaurus.] 1. In mytholoay, a fabu- lous being, supposed to be half man and half horse 2. Part of a southern constellation, in form of a centaur , the archer. Encyc. CEN'TAUR-LIKE, a. Having the appearance of a centaur CEN'TAU-RY, 71. [L. centaurea.] The name of a plant, and a genus of plants, of numerous species. CEN-TE-Na'RI -AN, n. A person a hundred years old Trans, of Malte-Brun. CENT'EN-A-RY, n. [L. centenarius. ] The number of a hundred. CENT'EN-A-RY, a. Relating to a hundred ; consisting of a hundred. CEN-TEN'NI-AL, a. [L. centum.] 1. Consisting of a hun- dred years, or completing that term. 2. Pertaining to a hundred years. 3. Happening every hundred years. CEN-TES'1-MAL, a. [L. centesimus.] The hundredth. As a noun, the next step of progression after decimal in the arithmetic of fractions. CEN-TES-I-Ma'TION, 71, A military punishment, for de- sertion, mutiny or the like, where one person in a hundred is selected for execution, fCEN'TESM, n. [lu. centesimus.] The hundredth part of an integej or thing, CEN-TI-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. centum and/oZam,] Having a hundred leaves. CEN'TI-GRADE, a. {1,. centum sxidi gradus.] Consisting of a hundred degrees ; graduated into a hundred divisions or equal parts, CEN'TI-GRAM, n. [L. centum, and gram.] In French meas- ure, the hundredth part of a gram. CEN'TI-LIT-ER, 71. [L. centum, and ¥r. litre, ox litron.] The hundredth part of a liter. CEN-TIL'O-aUY, n. An hundred-fold discourse. Burton. CEN-TIM'E-TER, 71. [L. centum, and Gr. yarpov.] In French measure, the hundredth part oi a. metre. fCEN'TI-NO-DY, 7!. Knotgrass. CEN'TI-PED, n. [L. centipeda.] An insect having a hun dred feet. CEN'TI-PEE, for centiped, is not used. CENT'NER, 71. [L. centum, centenarius.] In metallurgy and assaying, a docimastic hundred. CEN'TO, 71. [L.] A composition formed by verses or pas- sages from other authors, disposed in a new order. CEN'TRAL, a. [L. centralis.] Relating to the centre; placed in the centre or middle ; containing the centre, or pertaining to the parts near the centre. — Central forces', in mechanics, the powers which cause a moving body to tend towards or recede from the centre of motion. CEN-TRAL'I-TY, n. The state of being central. CEN'TRAL-LY, adv. With regard to the centre ; in a cen- tral manner. CEN'TRE, ) 71. [Gr. KEVTpov.] 1. A point equally distant CEN'TER, \ from the extremities of a line, figure, or body ; the middle point or place. 2. The middle or central object. In an army, the body of troops occupying the place in the line between the wings 3, A single body or house. CEN'TRE, Iv.t. 1. To place on a centre ; to fix on a central CEN'TER, \ point. 2. To collect to a point. CEN'TRE, ) V. i. 1. To be collected to a point, 2. To be CEN'TER, \ coUected to a point ; to rest on. 3. To be placed in the middle. CEN'TRED, pp. Collected to a point or centre ; fixed on a central point. CEN'TRING, ppr. Placing on the centre ; collecting to a point. CEN'TRIC, a. Placed in the centre or middle. CEN'TRI-€AL-LY, adv. In a central position. CEN'TRI-CAL-NESS, n. Situation in the centre, * CEN-TRlF'U-GAL, a. [L. centrum and fugio.] Tending to recede from the centre. — The centrifugal force of a body is that force by which all bodies moving round ano- ther body in a curve tend to fly off from the axis of their motion. * CEN-TRlP'E-TAL, a. [L, centrum and peto.] Tending towards the centre. — Centripetal force is that force whicij draws or impels a body towards some point as a centre. [JVoie. The common accentuation of centrifugal and centripetal is artificial and harsh. The accent on the first and third syllables, as in circumpolar, would be natu- ral and easy.] CEN'TUM-VIR, 71. [L. centum and vir.] One of a hundred and five judges, in ancient Rome. CEN-TUM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the centumvirs, CEN'TU-PLE, a. [Fr.] A hundred fold. CEN'TU-PLE, V. t. To multiply a hundred fold. CEN-Tt)'PLI-€ATE, v. t. [L. centum and plicatus.] To makea hundred fold. CEN-Tu'RI-AL, a. Relating to a century, or a hundred j'eare. J Woodbridge. CEN-Ttf'RI-ATE, v. t. [L. ceniurio.] To divide into hun- dreds, CEN-TU-RI-A'TOR, or CEN'TU-RIST, n. [Fr. centuria- teur.] An historian who distinguishes time into centuries. See Synopsis. 5, E, I, O U Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete CER 133 CES CEN-TO'RI-ON, ?i. [L. centiirio.] Among the Romans, a military officer who commanded a hundred men. CEN'TU-RY, n. [L. centuria.] ]. In a general sense, a. hundred. 2. A division of the Roman people; a compa- ny consisting of a hundred men. 3. A period of a hun- dred years. CENT-ZONT'LI, n. The Mexican name of the turduspoly- glottus, or mocking thrush. CEOL, Sax. a ship, L. celox, or Eng. keel. This word is sometimes found prefixed to names. CEPH-A-LAL'61€, n. A medicine good for the headache. CEPH'A-LAL-6Y, 71. [Gr. Kt<'(os.] Sulphate of iron, of a red color, so far calcmed as to have lost a considerable part of its acid. CHAL-€OG'RA-PHER, ti. An engraver in brass. €HAL-€OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ;^;aAKoj and ypa0w.] The act or art of engraving in brass. CHAL-Da'I€, a. Pertaining to Chaldea. €HAL-Da'I€, n. The language or dialect of the Chaldeans, CHAL'DA-ISM, n. An idiom or peculiarity In the Chaldee dialect. CUAL-De'AN, n. An inhabitant of Chaldea. CHAL'DEE, a. Pertaining to Chaldea. CHAL'DEE, n. The language or dialect of the Chaldeans. ^rwiT miTT?" ' ^"- [Fr- chaudron.] A measure of coals, * CHAU'DRON, ) consisting of 36 bushels. * CHAL'iCE, 71. [Fr, calice.] A cup or bowl ; usually^ a communion cup. * CHAL'iCED, a. Having a cell or cup,'' CHALK, (chawk) n. [Sax, cealc] A well known calcari- ous earth, of an opake-white color, soft, and admitting no poUsh. — Black-chalk is a species of earth used by painters for drawing on blue paper. — Red-chalk is an indurated clayey ochre, used by painters and artificers. CHALK, V. t. 1. To rub with chalk ; to mark with chalk 2.' "To manure with chalk, as land. 3. From the use of chalk in marking fines, the phrase to chalk out is used to signify to lay out, draw out, or describe. CHALK'-CUT-TER, n. A man that digs chalk. CHALK'I-NESS, (chawk'e-nes) n. The state of bemg chalky. CHALK'-PIT, n. A pit in which chalk is dug. CHALK '-STONE, n. 1. In medicine, a calcarious concre tidn in the hands and feet of men violently affected by the gout. 2. A small lump of chalk. CHALK'Y, (chawk'y) a. 1. Resembling chalk, 2. White with chalk ; consisting of chalk. 3. Impregnated with chalk. CHAL'LENGE, ti. [Norm, calengc.] l.'A calling upon one to fight in single combat ; an invitation or summons to decide a controversy by a duel. 2. A claim or demand made of a right or supposed right. — 3. Among kimteis, the opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent of their game. — 4. In law, an exception to jurors ; the claim of a party that certain jurors shall not sit in trial upon him or his cause. CHAL'LENGE, v. t. 1. To call, invite or summon to an- swer for an offense by single combat, or duel. 2. To call to a contest ; to invite to a trial. 3. To accuse ; to call to See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, JIARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. CMA 135 CHA answer. 4. To claim as due ; to demand as a right.— 5. Tn law, to call off a juror, or jurore ; or to demand that jurors shall not sit iu trial upon a cause. 6. To call to the per- formance of conditions. CHAL'LEN6E-A-BLE, a. That may be challenged ; that may be called to account. CIIAL'LEN6ED, 'pp. Called to combat or to contest ; claimed ; demanded as due ; called from a jury. CIIAL'LEJN'e-ER, n. One who challenges; one who in- vites to a single combat ; one who claims superiority ; one who calls a juror, or a jury, from the trial of his cause. CHAL'LEN6-ING, ppr. Summoning to a duel, or to con- test ; claiming as a right ; defying ; calling off from a jury- eilA-LYB'E-AN, a. Pertaining to steel well tempered. €HA-LYB'E-ATE, a. [L. chaLybs.] Impregnated with par- ticles of iron. €I1A-LYB'E-ATE, n. Any water or other liquor into which iron enters. €HAM, n. The sovereign prince of Tartary . Usually writ- _ ten khan. CHA-MaDE', n. [Fr.] In war, the beat of a dmm', or sound of a trumpet, inviting an enemy to a parley. CMaM'BEK,, n. [Fr. chambre.] 1. An apartment in an upper story, or m a story above the lower floor of a dwell- ing-house ; often used as a lodging-room. 2. Any retired room •, any private apartment. 3. Any retired place. 4. A hollow or cavity. 5. A place where an assembly meets, and the assembly itself. — 6. In viilitary affairs, the chamber of a mortar is tliat part of tlie chase where the powder lies. 7. A powder-chamber, oi bomb-chamber, ■a place under ground for holding powder and bombs, where they may be safe and secured from rains. 8. The chamber of a mine, a place, generally of a cubical form, where the powder is confined. 9. A species of ordnance. 10. The clouds. Ps. civ. 11. Certain southern constel- lations which are hid from us. — Chamber-council, a private or secret council. Shak. — Chamber-counsel, a counselor who gives his opinion in a private apartment, but does not advocate causes in court. CHaM'BER, v. i. 1. To reside in or occupy as a chamber. 2. To be wanton ; to indulge in lewd or immodest be- havior. CHaM'BER, v. t. To shut up as in a chamber. Shak. CHaM'BER-ER, 71. One who intrigues, or indulges in wan- tonness. CHaM'BER-FEL Low, n. One who sleeps in the same ajjartment. Spectator. CHaM'BER-HANG'ING, n. Tapestry or hangings for a chamber. CHaM'BER-ING, 71. Wanton, lewd, immodest behavior. CHaM'BEII-LAJN, n. [Fr. chambcllan.] 1. An officer charged with the direction and management of a cham- ber, or of chambers. The Lord Chamberlain of Great Britain is the sixth officer of tlie crown. 2. A servant who has the care of the chambers in an inn or hotel. CHaM'BER LAIN-SHIP, n. The office of a chamberlain. CHaM'BER-LYE, n. Urine. CHaM'BER-MAID, n. A woman who has the care of chambers, making the beds and cleaning the rooms, or wjio dresses a Lady, and waits upon her in her apartment. CHaM'BER-POT, n. A vessel used in bed-rooms. CHAM'BER-PRAe'TICB, n. The practice of counselors at law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear in court. tCHAM'BLET, v. t. To vary •, to variegate. CHAM'BREL, n. The joint or bending of the upper part of a horse's hind leg. In JVew England pronounced gam- brel, which see. €HA-Mk'LE-ON, M. VL. chamaleon.] An animal of the ge- nus lacerta, or lizard, with a naked body, a tail, and four feet. €HA-Mk'LE-ON-iZE, v. t. To change into various colors. CHAM'FER, v. t. 1. To channel ; to cut a furrow, as in a column, or to cut into a sloping form. 2. To wrinkle. Skak. CH AM'FER, or CHAM'FRET, n. A small gutter or furrow cut in wood or other hard material ; a slope. CHAM'FERED, pp. Cut into furrows, or cut sloping. CflAM'FER-ING, j)2«'' Cutting a gutter in; cutting in a slope. €H AM'ITE, n. Fossil remains of the chama, a shell. CHAM'LET. See Camlet. * CHAM'OIS, (sham'me) n. [Fr.] An animal of the goat kind, whose skin is made into soft leather, called shanp- mij. €HAM'0-MiLE. See Camomile. CHAMP, V. t. [Fr. champayer.] 1. To bite with repeated action of the teeth. 2. To bite into small pieces ; to chew ; to masticate ; to devour. CHAMP, V. i. To chew ; to perform the action of biting by _ repeated motion of the teeth. CHAM-PaGNE', ) n. A kind of brisk, sparkling wine, CHAM-PaNE', S from Champagne, in France. *eHAMlpAINs'' I "• ^ ^*^' °P®" country, Milton. CHAM-PAIN', n. In heraldry, champain, or point champain, is a mark of dishonor in the coat of arms of him who has killed a prisoner of war after he has asked for quarter. CHAMPED, pp. Bitten ; chewed. CHAMP'ER, n. One that champs or bites. CHAM'PER-TOR, u. In law, one who is guilty of cham- perty. CHAM'PER-TY, n. [Fr. champart.] A species of mainte- nance, being a bargain with a plaintiff or defendant, to divide the land, or other matter in suit, between them, if they prevail ; whereupon the champertor is to carry on _ the party's suit at his own expense. CHAM-PIGN'ON, (sham-pin'yon) n. [Fr ] A kind of mush- room. CHAMP'ING, ppr Biting with repeated action. CHAM'PI-ON, n. [Fr. champion.] 1. A man who under- takes a combat in the place or cause of another, 2. A man who fights in his own cause in a duel. 3. A hero ; a brave warrior. Hence, one who is bold in contest. CHAM'PI-ON, V. t. To challenge to a combat. CHAM'Pl-ON-ESS, n. A female champion. CHANCE, 71. [Fr. chance.] 1. An eve'U that happens, falls out, or takes place, without being contrived, intended, ex- pected, or foreseen ; the effect of an unknown cause ; ac- cident ; casualty ; fortuitous event. 2. Fortune ; what for- tune may bring. 3. An event, good or evil ; success or mis fortune ; luck. 4. Possibility of an occurrence ; opportunity. CHANCE, V. i. To happen ; to fall out ; to come or arrive without design, or expectation. CHANCE, a. Happening by chance ; casual. CHANCE'A-BLE, a. Accidental ; casual ; fortuitous. CHANCE'-CoM-ER, n. One who comes unexpectedly. CHANCE'FyL, a. Hazardous. Spenser. CHANCE'-MED-LEY, n. In law, the killing of a person by chance, when the killer is doing a lawful act ; for if he is doing an unlawful act it is felony. CHAN'CEL, n. [Fr. chancel, or chanceau.] That part of the choir of a church between the altar or communion table and the balustrade or railing that incloses it, or that part where the altar is placed. CHAN'CEL-LOR, n. [Fr. chancclier.] Originally, a chief notary or scribe, under the Roman emperors ; but in Eng- land, in later times, an officer invested with judicial pow- ers, and particularly with tlie superintendence of all char- ters, letters, and other official writings of the crown, that required to be solemnly authenticated. Hence, this offi- cer became the keeper of the great seal. — The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Keeper of the Great Seal, is the higiiest othcer of the crown, arid keeper of the king's conscience. — Chancellor of an Ecclesiastical Court is the bishop's lawyer, to direct the bishop in causes of the church. — Chancellor of a Cathedral is an officer who hears lessons and lectures in the cliurch, inspects schools, &c. — Chancellor of the Exchequer is an officer who pre- sides in that court, takes care of the interest of the crown, and has great authority in managing the royal revenues. — Chancellor of a University is an officer who seals the di- plomas, or letters of degree, &c., and is the chief magis- trate in the government. — Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, and other military orders, is an officer who seals the commissions and mandates of the chapter. — In France, a secretary is, in some cases, called a charicellor. — In the United States, a chancellor is the judge of a court of chan- cery or equity, established by statute. CHAN'CEL-LOR-SHIP, n. The office of a chancellor ; the time during which one is chancellor. CHAN'CE-RY, n. [Fr. chancellerie.] 1. In Great Britain, the highest court of j ustice, next to the parliament. — 2 In _ the United States, a court of equity. CHAN'CRE, n. [Fr. chancre.] A venereal ulcer. CHAN'CROUS, a. Ulcerous ; having the qualities of a chancre. CHAN-DE-LIER', n. [Fr.] 1. A frame with branches to hold a number of candles, to illuminate a public or large room. — 2. In fortification, a movable parapet, serving to support fascines to cover pioneers. CHAND'LER, n. An artisan whose trade is to make can- dles, or one who sells candles. CHAND'LER-LY, a. Like a chandler. Milton. CHAND'LER-Y, n. The commodities sold by a chandler. CHAND'RY, n. The place where candles are kept, CHANGE, V. t. [Fr. changer.] 1. To cause to turn or pass from one state to another ; to alter or make different ; to vary in external form or in essence. 2. To put one thing in the place of another ; to shift. 3. To quit one thing or state for another. 4. To give and take reciprocal y. 5. To bar- ter ; to exchange goods. 6. To quit, as ore place for an- other. 7. To give one kind of money for another. 8. To become acid or tainted ; to turn from a natural state of sweetness and purity. CHANGE, V. i. I. To be altered ; to undergo variation , 3. To pass the sun, as the moon in its orbit. ♦ See Synopsis MOVE BOQK, D6VE -,— BJJLL, UNITE— 6 aaK;GasJ;SasZjCHasSHjTHasin this, f OlmlcU. CHA 136 CHA CilAN6E, n. 1. Any variation or alteration in form, state, quality, or essence ; or a passing from one state or form to another. 2. A succession of one thing in the place of another; vicissitude. 3. A revolution. 4. A passing by the sun, and the beginning of a new montlily revolution. 5. A different state by removal ; novelty ; variety. 6. Alteration in the order of ringing bells ; variety of sounds. 7. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for another. 8. Small coins of money, which may be given for larger pieces. 9. The balance of money paid beyond the price of goods purchased. 10. The dissolution of the body; death. — 11. Change, for exchange, a place where merchants and others meet to transact business ; a build- ing appropriated for mercantile transactions. — 12. In i arjthmetic, permatation; variation of numbers. CHaN6E-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Changeableness, which is gener- ally used, Fleming. CHaN6E'A-BLE, a. 1. That may change; subject to al- teration ; fickle ; inconstant ; mutable ; variable. 2. Having the quality of suffering edteration of external ap- pearance CHaNGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of bemg change- able ; fickleness ; inconstancy ; instability ; mutability. 2. Susceptibility of change, or alteration. CHaN6E'A-BLY, adv. Inconstantly. CHANGED, pp. Altered ; varied ; turned ; converted ; shifted. CHaN6E'FTJL, a. Full of change ; inconstant ; mutable ; fickle ; uncertain ^ subject to alteration. CHaN6E'LESS, a. 'Constant ; not admitting alteration. CHaN6;E'LING, n. 1. A child left or taken in the place of another. 2. An idiot ; a fool. Locke. 3. One apt to change ; a waverer. 4. Any thing changed and put in the place of another. Shak. CHaN6'ER, n. 1. One who alters the form of any thing 2. One that is employed in changing and discounting money ; a money-changer. 3. One given to change. CHaNG'ING, ppr. Altering ; turning ; putting one thing for another ; shifting. CHAN'NA, 71. A fish taken in the Mediterranean. CHAN'NEL, n. [Ir. cainneal ; Fr. canaL] 1. A passage ; a place of passing or flowing ; a water-course. 2. The place where a river flows. 3. The deeper part of a strait, bay, or harbor, where the principal current flows. 4. That through which any thing passes ; means of passing, conveying, or transmitting. 5. A gutter or furrow in a column. 6. An arm of the sea ; a strait or narrow sea, between two continents, or between a continent and an isle. 7. Channels of a. ship; see Chain-waives. CHAN'NEL, V. t. To form a channel ; to cut channels in ; to groove. CHAN'NELED, pp. Having channels ; grooved longitu- dinally. CHAN'NEL-ING, ppr. Cutting channels ; grooving longi- tudinally. CHAN'SON, 71. [Fr.] A song. Shak. CHANT, V. t. [Fr. chanter.] 1. To sing ; to utter a melo- dious voice. 2. To celebrate in song. 3. To sing, as in church-service ; to repeat words in a kind of canting voice, with modulations. CHANT, V. i. 1. To sing ; to make melody with the voice. 2. To repeat words in the church-service with a kind of singing. CHANT, n. Song ; melody ; church-service. CHANT'ED, pp. Sung ; uttered with modulations of voice. CHANT'ER, 71. 1. One who chants ; a singer or songster. 2. The chief singer, or priest of the chantry. 3. The pipe which sounds the tenor or treble in a bag-pipe. CHANT'I-CLEER, n. {chant and clear, Fr. clair.'] A cock, so called from the clearness or loudness of his voice in crowing. CHANT'ING, ppr. Singing ; uttering a melodious voice ; repeating words with a singing voice. CHANT'ING, 11. The act of singing, or uttering with a song. CHANT'RESS, n. A female singer. Milton. CHANT'RY, 71. [Fr. chantrerie.] A church or chapel en- dowed with revenue, for priests daily to sing or say mass for the souls of the donors. CHa'OS, n. [L. chaos ] 1. That confusion, or confused mass, in which matter is supposed to have existed before it was reduced to order by the creating power of God. 2. Any mixed mass, vvithout due form or order. 3. Confu- sion ; disorder ; a state in which the parts are undistin- guished. CHA-OT I€, a. Resembling chaos ; confused. CHAP, {sometimes pronounced chop) v. t. To cleave, split, crack, or open longitudinally, as the surface of the earth, or the skin and flesh of the hand. CHAP, V. i. To crack ; to open in long slits. CHAP, n. A longitudinal cleft, gap, or chink, as in the sur- face of the earth, or in the hands or feet. CHAP, 71. [Sax. ceafl.] The upper and lower part of the mouth ; the jaw. It ia applied to beasts, and, vulgarly, to men ; generally in the plural, the chaps, or mouth. CHAP, 71. A man or a boy ; a youth. It is used also in the sense of a buyer. " If you want to sell, here is your chap." In this sense it coincides with chapman. [See Cheap.] Steele. t CHAP, V. i. [Sax. ceapian.] To cheapen. CHAP'BOOK, 71. A small book or pamphlet, carried about for sale' by hawkers. CHAPE, n. [Fr. chape.] 1. The catch of any thing, as the hook of a scabbard, or the catch of a buckle, by which it is held to the back strap. 2. A brass or silver tip or case, _ that strengthens the end of a scabbard. CHAP'EAU, (shap'po) n. [Fr.] A hat ; in heraldry, a cap, or bonnet. CHAP'EL, 71. [Fr. chapelle.] 1. A house for public wor- ship ; primarily, a private oratory, or house of worship be- longing to a private person. In Great Britain, parochial chapels are distinct from the mother church ; chapels uf ease, built in large parishes for the accommodation of the inhabitants. 2. A printer's workhouse. CHAP'EL, V. t. To deposit in a chapel. Beaumont. CHAPE'LESS,'a. Without a chape. CHAP'EL-ET, or CHAP'LET, n. [Fr. chapelct.] A pair of stirrup leathers, with stirrups. CHAP'EL-LA-NY, n. A place founded within some church, and dependent thereon. Ayliffe. CHAP'EL-LING, n. The act of turnmg a ship round in a light breeze of wind, when close hauled. CHAP'EL-RY, 71. The bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel. * CHAP'E-RON, 71. [Fr.] A hood or cap worn by the knights of the garter in their habits. * CHAP'E-RON, V, t. To attend on a lady in a public assem.- bly. Todd. CHAP'-F ALL-EN, a. Having the lower chap depressed ; hence, dejected ; dispirited ; silenced. CHAP'I-TER, 71. [Fr. chapiteau.'] I. The upper part or capital of a column or pillar ; a word used in the Scrip- tiues. 2. Tliat which is delivered by the mouth of tlie justice in his charge to the inquest. CHAP'LAIN, 71. [Fr. chapelain.] 1. An ecclesiastic who has a chapel, or who performs service in a chapel. 2. A clergyman who belongs to a ship of war, or to a regiment of land forces, for performing divine service. 3. A cler- gyman who is retained to perform divine service in a family, CHAP'LAIN-CY, n. The oflice or station of a chaplain. CHAP'LAIN-SHIP, n. 1. The office or business of a chap- lain. 2. The possession or revenue of a chapel. CHAP'LESS, a. Without any flesh about the mouth. Shak. CHAP'LET, 71. [Fr. chapelet.] 1. A garland or wreath to be worn on the head ; the circle of a crown. 2. A string of beads used by the Roman Catholics, by which they count the number of their prayers. — 3. In architecture, a little molding, carved into round beads, pearls, olives, or the like. — 4. In horsemanship, a chapelet, which see. 5. A tuft of feathers on a peacock's head. 6. A small chapel or shrine. CHAP'MAN, n. ; plu. Chapmen. [Sax. ceapman.] 1. A cheapener ; one that offers as a purch2iser. 2. A seller ; a market-man. CHAPPED, pp. Cleft ; opened, as the surface or skin. CHAP'PING, ppr. Cleaving, as the surface or skin CHAP'PY, a. Full of chaps ; cleft. CHAPS, 71. The mouth or jaws. See Chap. CHAPT. See Chapped. CHAP'TER, 71. [Fr. chapitre.] 1. A division of a book or treatise. — 2. In ecclesiastical polity, a society or commu- nity of clergymen, belonging to a cathedral or collegiate church. 3. A place where delinquents receive discipline and correction. 4. A decretal epistle. CHAP'TER, V. t. To tax ; to correct. Dryden. CHAP'TER-HOUSE, n. A house where a chapter meets. CHAP'TREL, n. The capitals of pillars and pilasters, which support arches, called imposts. CHAR, 71. A fish. CHAR, 71. In England, work done by the day ; a single job or task. — In JVew England, it is pronounced chore, which see. CHaR, v. t. To perform a business. May. CHaR, v. i. To work at others' houses by the day, without being a hired servant ; to do small jobs. CHaR'-W6M-AN, 71. A woman hired for odd work, or for single days. CHAR, V. t. [Russ. jaryu, or chariju.] 1. To hum or le- duce to coal or carbon. 2. To expel all volatile matter from stone or earth by lieat. tCHAR'ACT, orjCHAR'ECT, 71. An inscription. Skelton. CHAR'A€-TER, n. [L. character; Fr. caractere.] 1. A mark made by cutting or engraving ; a mark or figure made with a pen or style ; a letter or figure used to form words, and communicate ideas. 2. A mark or figure made by stamping or impression, as on coins. 3. The manner of writing ; the peculiar form of letters used by a particular person. 4. The peculiar qualities, impressed by nature or habit on a person, which distinguish him * Sea Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, 1?, long.—FKR, F^LL, WHA.T ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete CHA 137 CHA from others 5. An account, description or representation of any thing, exhibiting its qualities and the circum- stances attending it. 6. A person. 7. By way of emi- nence^ distinguished or good qualities ; those which are esteemed and respected ; and those which are ascribed to a person in common estimation. 8. Adventitious quali- ties impressed by olfice, or station ; the qualities that, in public estimation, belong to a person in a particular sta- tion. — 9. In natural history, the peculiar discriminating qualities or properties of animals, plants and minerals. eHAR'A€-TER, v. t. 1. To engrave ; to inscribe. 2. To describe ; to distinguish by particular marks or traits. eHAR'A€-TERED, pp. Engraved j inscribed ; distinguish- ed by a particular character. CHAR'A€-TER-ISM, n. 1. The distinction of character. 2 A particular aspect or configuration of the heavens. €HAR-Ae-TER-IS'Tie, or €HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-€AL, a. [Gr. X''''-9'^'^''"'^9'^'^''''-'^'^^-'\ That constitutes the character ; that marks the peculiar, distinctive qualities of a person or thing. <:HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI€, n. 1. That which constitutes a character ; that which characterizes 5 tliat which distin guishes a person or thing from another. — 2. In grammar^ the principal letter of a word, which is preserved m most of its tenses, in its derivatives and compounds. €"HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner that distinguishes character. €HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-€AL-NESS, n. The state or quali- ties of being characteristic. €HAR'A€-TER-IZE, v. t. [Gr. xapaKrTjpj^w.] 1. To give a character, or an account of the personal qualities of a man ; to describe by peculiar qualities. 2. To distin- guish ; to mark, or express the character j to exhibit the peculiar qualities of a person or thing. 3. To engrave or imprint. {Little used.] 4. To mark with a peculiar stamp, or figure. €HAR'A€-TER-IZED, pp. Described or distinguished by peculiar qualities. €HAR'A€-TER-iZ-ING, ppr. Describing or distinguishing by peculiar qualities. eHAR'A€-TER-LESS, a. Destitute of any peculiar char- acter. t €HAR^A€-TER-Y, n. Impression ; mark ; distinction. CHA-RaDE', n. [Fr.] A composition in which the subject must be a word of two syllables, each forming a distinct word ; and tjiese syllables are to be concealed in an enig- matical description, fix-st separately and then together. CHA.R'€oAL, n. \char and coal.'] Coal made by charring wood. CHARD, 71. [Fr. charde.] The leaves of artichokes tied and wrapped all over, except the top, in straw, during autumn and winter. CHARGE, V. t. [Fr. cAar^er.] 1. To rush on ; to fall on ; to attack, especially with fixed bayonets. 2. To load, as a musket or cannon ; to thrust in powder, or powder and ball or shot. 3. To load or burden ; to throw on or im- pose that which oppresses . 4. To set or lay on 5 to im- pose, as a tax. 5. To lay on or impose, as a task. 6. To put or lay on ; as, to charge a building with oi-naments, often implying superfluity. 7. To lay on, as a duty ; followed by with. 8. To intrust to •,. as, an officer is charged with dispatches. 9. To set to, as a debt ; to place on the debit side of an account. 10. To load or lay on, in words, something wrong, reproachful or criminal j to im- pute to. 11. To lay on in words ; to impute to. 12. To censure •, to accuse. 13. To lay on, give or communicate, as an order, command or earnest request ; to enjoin ; to exhort. 14. To give directions to ; to instruct authorita- tively. 15. To communicate electrical matter to, as to a coated vial, or an electrical battery. CHARGE, v.i. To make an onset. CHARGE, 71. [Fr. charge.] 1. That which is laid on or in. 2. The quantity of powder, or of powder and ball or shot, used to load a musket, cannon or other like instrument. 3. An onset 5 a rushing on an enemy ; attack. 4. An order, injunction, mandate, command. 5. That which is enjoined, committed, intrusted or delivered to another, implying care, custody, oversight, or duly to be performed by the person entrusted. 6. The person or thing commit- ted to another's custody, care or management ; a trust. 7. Instructions given by a judge to a jury, or by a bishop to his clergy. 8. Imputation in a bad sense ; accusation. 9. That which constitutes debt, in commercial transac- tions •, an entry of money or the price of goods, on the debit side of an account. 10. Cost ; expense. 11. Impo- sition on land or estate •, rent, tax, or whatever constitutes a burden or duty.— 12. In military affairs, a signal to at- tack. 13. The posture of a weapon fitted for an attack or combat.— 14. Among /arriers, a preparation of the consist- ence of a thick decoction, or between an ointment and a plaster, used as a remedy for sprains and inflammations.— 15. In heraldry, that which is borne upon the color ; or the figures represented on the escutcheon, by which the bearers are distinguished from one another.— 16. In elec- trical experiments, a quantity of electrical fluid, commu- nicated to a coated jai", vial or pane of glass. — A charge of lead is thirty-six pigs, each containing six stone, wanting two pounds. CHARGE' A-BLE, a. 1. That may be charged , that may be set, laid, imposed. 2. Subject to be charged. 3. Ex- pensive ; costly. 4. Laying or bringing expense 5. Im- putable ; that may be laid or attributed as a crime, fault or debt. 6. Subject to be charged or accused. CHARGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Expensiveness ; cost ; costli- ness. Boyle CHARGE' A-BLY, adv. Expensively ; at great cost. CHARGED, pp. Loaded ; burdened ; attacked ; laid on , instructed 5 imputed ; accused ; placed to the debt ; or- dered ; commanded. t CHARGE'FUL, a. Expensive ; costly. Shak CHARGE'LESS, a. Not expensive ; free from expense. CHARG'ER. 71. 1. In Scots law, one who charges another in a suit. ' 2. A large dish. JVum. vii. 3. A horse used for attack. CHARG'ING, ppr. Loading ; attacking ; laying on ; in- structing ; commanding ; accusing -, imputing. CHa'RI-LY, adv. Carefully ; warily ; frugally. [Little used.] Shak. CHa'RI-NESS, n. Caution ; care ; nicety 5 scrupulousness. [Little used.] Shak. CHAR'I-OT, 71. [Fr. chariot.] 1. A half coach; a carriage with four wheels and one seat behind, used for conven- ience and pleasure. 2. A car or vehicle used formerly in war, drawn by two or more horses. CHAR'I-OT, V. t. To convey in a chariot. Milton. CHAR'I-OT-ED, pp. Borne in a chariot. Cowper. CHAR-I-OT-EER', n. The person who drives or conducts a chariot. CHAR'I-OT-MAN, n. The driver of a chariot. CHAR'I-OT-RACE, 71. A race with chariots ; a sport in which chariots were driven in contest for a prize. CHAR'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Benevolent and kind. 2. Liberal in benefactions to the poor, and in relieving them in distress. 3. Pertaining to charity ; springhig from charity, or intended for charity ; benevolent. 4. Formed on charitable principles ; favorable ; dictated by kindness. CHAR'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The disposition to be char- itable ; or the exercise of charity. 2. Liberality to the poor. CHAR'I-T A-BLY, adv. Kindly ; liberally ; benevolently ; with a disposition to help tlie poor 5 favorably. t CHAR'I-TA-TlVE, a. Disposed to tenderness. CHAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. charite ; lu.charitas.] 1. In a. general sense, love, benevolence, good will •, tliat disposition of heart which inclines men to think favorably of their fel- low men, and to do them good. In a theological seiisc, it includes supreme love to God, and universal good will to men. 2. In a more particular sense, love, kindness, af- fection, tenderness, springing from natural relations. 3. liiberality to the poor, consisting in alms-giving or bene- factions, or in gratuitous services to relieve them in dis- tress. 4. Alms ; whatever is bestowed gratuitously on the poor for their relief. 5. Liberality in gifts and ser- vices to proniote public object.^ of utility, as to found and support Bible societies, missionary societies,- and others. 6. Candor ; liberality in judging of men and their actions ; a disposition which inclines men to think and judge fa- vorably, and to put the best construction on words and actions which the case will admit. 7. Any act of kind- ness, or benevolence. 8. A charitable institution. — Char- ity-school is a school maintained by voluntary contribu- tions for educating poor children. t-CHARK, V. t. To burn to a coal ; to char. See Char. CHAR'LA-TAN, n. [Fr.] One who prates much in his own favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions to skill ; a quack •, an empiric ; a mountebank. CHAR-LA-TAN'I-CAL, a. Quackish ; making undue pre- _ tensions to skill ; ignorant. Cowley. CHAR'LA-TAN-RY, n. Undue pretensions to skill ; quack- ery ; wheedling ; deception by fair words. CHARLES'S-WAIN, n. In astronomy, seven stars in the constellation called ursa major, CHAR'LOCK, n. [Sax. cerlice.] The English name of the raphanus raphanistrum and sinapis arvensis, very perm Clous weeds among grain. CHARM, n. [Fr. charme.] 1. Words, characters or oMier things, imagined to possess some occult or unintehigihle power ; spell ; enchantment. 2. That which has power to subdue opposition, and gain the affections ; that which can please UTesistibly ; that which delights and attracts the heart. CHARM, V. t. 1. To subdue or control by incantation or secret influence. 2. To subdue by secret power, espe- cially by that which pleases and delights the mind ; to allay, or appease. 3. To give exquisite pleasure to the mind or senses ; to delight. 4. To fortify with charms against evil. [J^ot in use.] 5. To make powerful by * Set Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete CHA J^ CHE cliatme. 6. To Bummon by incantation. 7. To temper agreeatjly. CHARM, V. L To sound harmonically. Milton CHAR'MA, 71. A fish resembling the sea-wolf. CHARJMED, -pp. Subdued by charms ; delighted , enchant- ed. CHARM'ER, n. 1. One that charms, or has power to charm ; one that uses or has tlie power of enchantment. 2. One who delights and attracts the aflections. CHARM'ER-ESS, n. An enchantress. Chaucer. CHARM'FJJL, a. Abounding with charms. Cowley. CHARM'IJsG, ppr. 1. Using charms ; enchanting. 2, a. Pleasing in the highest degree ; delighting. CHARM'ING-LY, adv. Delightfully; in a manner to charm, or to give delight. CHARM IXG-NESS, n. The power to please. CHARMLESS, a. Destitute of charms. Swift. CHAR'iVEL, a. [Fr. chamel.] Containing flesh or car- CHaR'NEL-HOUSE, 71. A place under or near churches, where the bones of the dead are reposited. CHa'RON, n. In fabulous history, the son of Erebus and Nox,* whose oliice was to ferry the souls of the deceased over the waters of Acheron and Styx. CHARR, 7?.. A lish, a species of salmo. CHARRED, pp. Reduced to a coal. CHAR'RlA'G, pirr. Reducing to coal ; depriving of volatile matter. CHAR'RY, a. Pertaining to charcoal ; like charcoal, or par- takuig of its qualities. CHART, 71. [L. cliarta.'] A hydrographical or marine map 5 a draught or projection of some part of the earth's superficies on paper, with the coasts, isles, rocks, banks, channels or entrances into harbors, rivers, and bays, the points of compass, soundings or depth of water, (Stc, to regulate the courses of sliips in their voyages. CHAR'TEL. See Cartel. CHAR'TER, 71. [Fr. chartre.] 1. A written instrument, executed witli usual forms, given as evidence of a grant, contract, or whatever is done between man and man. An instrument of a grant conferring powers, rights and privileges. 2. Any instrument, executed with form and solemnity, bestowing rights or privileges. 3. Privilege ; immunity ; exemption. CHAR TER, V. t. 1. To hire or to let a ship by charter. 2. To establish by charter. CHAR TER-LAND, n. Land held by charter, or in socage. CHAR'TER-PAR'T5f, 74. [Yx. charte-partie.'] In commerce, an agreement respecting the hire (f a vassel and the freight. CHARTERED, pp. 1. Hired or let, as a ship. 2. Invested with privileges by charter ; privileged. 3. Granted by charter. CHAR'TER-ING, ppr. ]. Giving a charter; establishing by charter. 2. Hiring or letting by charter. OHART'LESS, a. Without a chart ; of wiiich no chart has been made ; not delineated on paper. CHAR'TREUX, or CHAR^TREUSE, n. [Fr.] A celebrated monasterv' of Carthusians. CHAR'TU-LA-RY, n. [Fr. chartulaire.] An officer in the ancient Latin church, who had the care of charters Eind other papers of a public nature. CHa'RY, a. [Sax. cearig.] Careful ; wary ; frugal. Shak. CHa'SA-BLE, a. That may be chased ; fit for the chase. CHASE, V. t. [Fr. chasser.] 1. Literally, to drive, urge, press forward with vehemence ; hence, to pursue for the purpose of taking, as game ; to hunt. 2. To pursue, or drive, as a defeated or flying enemy. 3. To follow or pursue, as an object of desire ; to pursue for the purpose of taking. 4. To drive ; to pursue. — To chtrse away, is to compel to depart ; to disperse. — To chase metals. See Enchase, CHASE, 71. 1. Vehement pursuit; a running or driving after ; as game, in hunting. 2. Pursuit with an ardent desire to obtain, as pleasure, &c. ; earnest seeking. 3. That which may be chased ; that wliich is usually taken by chase. 4. That wliich is pursued or hunted. — 5. In law, a driving of cattle to or from a place. 6. An open ground, or place of retreat for deer and other wild beasts. 7. [Fr. chasse.] An kon frame used by printers to confine types, when set in columns. 8. Chase of a gun, is the whole length of the bore. 9. A term in the game of ieu- vls. — Chase gun-"^ in a ship of war, guns used in chasing an enemy, or in defending a ship when chased. These have their ports at the liea'd or stem. (PHASED, pp. Pursued ; sought ardently ; driven. CHaS'ER, 71. 1. One who chases ; a pui-suer ; a driver ; a hunter. 2. An enchaser. See Enchase. C'HaS'ING, ppr. Pursumg ; driving ; hunting. CHASM, (kazm) n. [Gr. x^^afia.] 1. A cleft ; a fissure ; a gap ; properly, an opening made by disrupture, as a breach in the earth or a rock. 2. A void space ; a va- cuity. CHASMED, a. Having gaps or a chasm. CHAS'SE-LAS, 71. A sort of grape. CHaSTE, a. [Fr. chaste.] I. Pure from all unlawful com- merce of sexes. 2. Fi-ee from obscenity. 3. In language^ pure ; genuine -, imcorrupt ; free from barbarous worda and phrases, and from quaint, affected, extravagant ex- pressions. CHaSTE'-E-?ED, a. Having modest eyes. CHaSTE'-TREE, n. The a gnus castus, oi vit ex. CHaSTE LY, adv. In a chaste manner ; without unlawful commerce of sexes ; without obscenity ; purely ; without barbarisms or unnatural phrases. *CHaS'TEX, (cha'sn) v.t. [Fr. ch&ticr.] 1. To correct bv punishment ; to punish ; to inflict pain for the purpose of reclaimuig an offender. 2. To afflict by other means. 3. To purify from errors or faiilts. * CHaS'TEIV ED, pp. Corrected ; punished ; afflicted for cor- rection * CHaS'TEN-ER, 71. One who punishes, for the purpose of correction. CHaSTE'NESS, n. Chastity ; purity. * CH aS'TEN-ING, ppr. Correcting ; afflicting for coitoc- lion. * CHaS TEN-ING, n. Correction ; punishment for the pur- pose of reclaiming. CHAS-TlS'A-BLE, a. Deservinc of chastisement. CHAS-TiSE', V. t. [Fr. ch&tier.J I. To coiTCCt by punish- ing ; to punish ; to inflict pain, for the purpose of punish- ing an oflender, and recalhng him to his duty. 2. To re- duce to order or obedience ; to restrain ; to awe ; to re- press. 3. To correct ; to purify bv expunging faults. CHAS-TiS ED, (chas-tlzd) pp. Punished ; corrected. - *CHASTJSE-MENT, n. [Fr. chatiment] Correction; pun- ishment ; pain inflicted for pmiishment and correction, either by stripes or otherwise. CHAS-TiS'ER, 71. One who chastises; a punisher ; a cor- rector. _ CHAS-TlS'ING, ppr. Punishing for correction ; correct- ing. *CHASTI-TY, n. [L. castitas.] 1. Purity of the body; freedom from all unlawful commerce of sexes. 2. Free- dom from obscenity, as in language or conversation. 3. Freedom from bad mixture ; purity in words and phrases. 4. Purity ; unadulterated state'. CHAT, V. i. [G. kosei'..] 1. To talk in a familiar manner ; to talk without form or ceremony. 2. To talk idly ; to prate. t CHAT, V. t. To talk of. Shak. CHAT, 71. Free, familiar talk ; idle talk ; prate. CHAT, n. A twig, or little stick. See Chit. CHAT'EAU, (shat to) n. [Fr.] A castle ; a seat in the _ countiy. CHAT'E-LET, 7?. A little castle. Chambers. CHAT'EL-LA-NY, n. [Fr. chateUenie.] The lordship or jurisdiction of a castellan, or governor of a castle. See Castellany. CHA-TOY'ANT, a. [Fr. chat and ail.] Having a change- able, undulating lustre, or color, like that of a cat's eye in tile dark. CHA-TOY'ANT, 7i. A hard stone. CHA-TOY'MENT, n. Changeable colors, or changeableness of color, m a mineral ; play of colors. CHATTEL, ji. Any article of movable goods. CHAT'TER, v.i. 1. To utter sounds rapidly and indis- tinctly, as a magpie, or a monkey. 2. To make a noise by collision of the teeth. 3. To talk idly, carelessly or rapidlv ; to jabber. CHAT'TER, n. Sounds like those of a pie or monkey ; idle talk. CHATTER-BOX, n. One that talks incessantly CHAT'TER-ER, n. A prater ; an idle talker. CH AT'TER-ING, ppr. Uttering rapid, indistmct somids, as birds ; talking idly ; moving mpidly and clasliing, as the teeth. CHATfTER-ING, 7i. Rapid, inarticulate sounds, as of birds ; idle talk ; rapid striking of the teeth, as in chilliness. CHAT'TING, ppr. Talking familiariy. CHAT'TY, a. Given to free conversation ; talkative. CHAT'WOOD, V. Little sticks ; fuel. CHAU'DRO'N. See Chawdron, and Chaldeon. CHAU-MON-TELLE', n. [Ft.] A sort of pear. t CHAUN, or CHAWN, n. A gap. See Yawn. t CHAUN, V. i. To open ; to ya^<^ CHAUNT. See Chant. CHAV'EN-DER, or CHEV'EN, n. [Fr, chevesne.] Th« chub, a fish. CHAW, V. t. [Sax. ceowan.] 1. To grind with the teeth ; to masticate ; to rmninate. 2. To ruminate in thought; to revolve and consider ; [obs.] CHAW, n. 1. The jaw.— 2. In vulgar language, a cud , asmuch as is put in the mouth at once. CHAW'DRON, n. Entrails. Shak. CHAY, n. Chaya-root ; the root of the oldenlandia umbcl- lata, used in dyeing red. CHkAP, a. [Sax. ceap.] 1. Bearing alow price, in market • See Syncvds. A, E, I, O, U, Y, ion^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. CHE 139 CHE that may be purchased at a low price. 2. Being of small value ; common ; not respected. CHEAP, n. Bargain ; purchase. CHeAP'EN, v. t [Selx. ceapian.] 1. To attempt to buy ; to ask the price ot a commodity ; to chaffer. 2. To lessen valua CHkAP'EX-ER, n. One who cheapens or bargains. CHeAP'LY, ado At a small price ; at a low rate. CHeAP'NESS, 71. Lowness in price, considering the usual prke, or real value. GHeAR, See Cheer. cheat, v. t. [Sax ceatt.] 1. To deceive and defraud in a bargain ; to deceive for the purpose of gain ia selling. 2. To deceive by any artifice, trick or device, with a view to gain an advantage contrary to common honesty. 3. To impose on ; to trick. CHEAT, 71. 1. A fraud committed by deception ; a trick ; imposition 5 imposture. 2. A person who cheats ; one guilty of fraud bv deceitful practices. CHEAT' A-BLE-NESS, n. Liability to be cheated. CHeAT'-BREAD, 71. Fine bread purchased, or not made iti_ the family. J^Little used.] CHeAT'ED, pp. Defrauded by deception. CHeAT'ER, n. One who practices a fraud in commerce. CHEATING, ppr. Defrauding by deception ; imposing on. CHeAT'ING, 71. The act of defrauding by deceitful arts. CHECK, V. t. [Ft. echec] 1. To stop ; to restrain ; to hin- der ; to curb. 2. To rebuke ; to chide or reprove. S. To compare any paper with its counterpart or with a ciplier, with a view to ascertain its authenticity ; to compaie cor- responding papers ; to control by a counter-register. — 4. In seamanship, to ease off a little of a rope, which is too stiff- ly extended ; also, to stopper the cable. CHECK, V. i. I. To stop 5 to makes stop. 2. To clash or interfere. 3. To strike with repression. CHECK, 71. 1. A stop ; htnderance; rebuff ; sudden restraint, or continued restraint ; curb ; control ; government. 2. That which stops or restrains, as reproof, reprimand, re- buke, slight or disgust, fear, apprehension, a person ; any stop or obstruction. — 3. In falconrij, when a hawk for- .sakes her proper game, to follow rooks, pies, or other fowls that c;:oss her in her flight. 4. The correspondent cipher of a bank note ; a corresponding indenture ; any cpunter-register. 5. A term in chess, when one party obliges the other either to move or guard his king. 6 An order for money, drawn on a banker, or on the cashier of a. bank, payable to the bearer. — 7. In popular use, checker- ed cloth ; check, for checkered. — Check or check-roll, a roll or book containing the names of persons who are attend- ants and in the pay of a king or great personage, as do- mestic servants. — Clerk of the check, in the British king's Iiousehold, has the check and control of the yeomen of the guard. CHECKED, CHECKT, pp. Stopped ; restrained ; repress- ed ; curbed ; moderated ; controlled ; reprimanded. CHECK'ER, V. t. I. To variegate with cross lines ; to form into little squares, like a chess-board, by lines or stripes of different colors. 2. To diversify ; to variegate with different qualities, scenes, or events. CHECK' ER, n. 1. One who checks or restrains ; arebuker. 2. A chess-board. CHECK'ER, or CHECK'ER-W6RK. n. Work varied alter- nately as to its colors or materials ; work consisting of cross lines. CHECK'ERS, n. plu. A common game on a checkered board. GHECK'ING, ppr. Stopping ; curbing ; restraining ; moder- ating j controlling ; rebuking. GHECK'LESS, a. That cannot be checked, or restrained. CHECK'-MATE, 7i. 1. The movement on a chess board, or in the game of chess, that kills the opposite men, or hin- ders them from moving, so that tlie game is finished. 2. Defeat ; overthrow. CHECK'-MATE, v. t. To finish. Skelton. CHECK'Y, 71. In heraldry, a border that has more than two rows of checkers, or when the bordme or shield is check- ered, like a chess-board. CHEEK, 7(. [Sax. ceac, ceoca.] 1. The side of the face below the eyes on each side. — 2. Among mechanics, cheeks are those pieces of a machine, which form corresponding sides, or which are double and alike.— CAeeA by jowl, closeness, proximity. Beaumont. CHEEK'-BONE, 71. The bone of the cheek. CHEEKED, a. Brought near the cheek. CHEEK'-TOOTH, 71. The hinder tooth or tuak. Joel i.6. CHEEP, V. i. To chirp, as a small bird. CHEER, V. t. [Fr. cherc.] I. To salute with shouts of joy, or cheers. 2. To dispel gloom, sorrow, silence or apathv ; to cause to rejoice ; to gladden ; to make cheerful. 3. To infuse life, spirit, animation ; to incite ; to encourasre. CHEER, V. i. To grow cheerful ; to become gladsome or joyous. CHEER, 71. 1. A shout of joy. 2. A state of gladness or joy ; a state of animation. 3 Mirth-, gayety 5 jollity ; as at a feast. 4. Invitation to gayety. 5. Entertainment ; that which makes cheerful 5 provisions for a feast. 6. Air of countenance noting a greater or less degree of cheer- fulness. CHEERED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; made glad, CHEER'ER, 71. One who cheers ; he or that which glad- dens. *CHEER'FyL, a. 1. Lively ; animated ; having good spir its ; moderately joyful. This is the most usual significa- tion of the word, expressing a degree of animation, les,^ than mirth and jollity. 2. Full of life ; gay ; animated • mirthful ; musical. 3. Expressive of good spuits or joy ; lively ; animated * CHEER'FUL-LY, adv. In a cheerful manner ; with alac- rity or wiliingness ; readily ; with life, animation or good spirits. * CHEER'FUL-NESS, n. Life ; animation ; good spirits ; a state of moderate joy, or gayety ; alacrity. CHEER I-LY, adu.With cheerfulness ; witli spirit. CHEER'lAG, ppr. Giving joy or gladness ; enlivening ; en- couragmg ; animating. t CHEER ISII -NESS, 7i. State of cheerfulness. CHEER'LESS, a. Without joy, gladness, or comfort ; gloomy ; destitute of any thing to enliven or animate the spirits. CHEER'LY, a. Gay ; cheerful 5 not gloomv. CHEER'LY, adv. Cheerfully ; heartilv ; briskly. CHEER'UP, or CHIR'UP, v. t. To make cheerful, [.d col- loquial word.'] Dr. Cheyne. CHEER'Y, a. Gay ; sprightly ; having power to make gav CHEESE, 7!. [Sax. cese, 01 cyse.]. 1. The curd of milk, coagulated by rennet, separated from the serum or whey, and pressed in a vat, hoop or mold. 2. A mass of pom- ace or ground apples, placed on a press. Mew-England. CHEESE'-CAKE, 72. A cake made of soft curds, sugar, and butter. CHEESE'-M6N-GER, n. One who deals in or sells cheese CHEESE'-PaR-ING, u. The rind or paring of cheese. CHEESE'-PRESS, n. A press, or engine for pressing curd in the making of cheese. CHEESE'-REN-NET, n. A plant, ladies' bed-straw, gaUam verum. CHEESE'-VAT, 71. The vat or case in which cmds are confined for pressing. Olanville. CHEES'Y, a. Having the nature, qualities, taste or form of cheese. CHEG'OE, 71. A tropical insect that enters the skin of the feet, and multiplies incredibly, causing an itching. Eucyi:. CHET'ROP-TER, 71. [Gr. ;^£tp and irrepov.] An animal, whose anterior toes are connected by a membrane, and whose feet thus serve for wings, as the bat. CHEL'I-DON, 71. [Gr.] A brown fly with silvery wings. CHE-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [Gr. :\;7?X?7, and L./ero.] Furnidi- ed with claws, as an animal. CHEL'I-FORM, a. [L. chela, and form.] Having the fonn of a claw. CHELMS'FORD-ITE, 71. A mineral, arranged as a subspe- cies of schaalstein ; found in Chelmsford, Massachu- setts. €HE-Lo'NI-AN, a. [Gr. x^^''^^> X^^^'^^-1 Pertaining to or designating animals of the tortoise kind. CHEL Y, 77. [L. chela.] The claw of a shell-fish. CHEM'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to chemistry. 2. Resulthig from the operation of the principles of bodies by decom- position, combination, &c. 3. According to the principk^s of chemistry. CHEM'I-CAL-LY, adv. According to the principles of chemistry ; by chemical process or operation. CHE-MiSE', 7J. [Fr. chemise.] 1. A shift, or under garment worn by females. 2. A wall that lines the face of any work of earth. CHEM'IST, 71. A person versed in chemistry ; a professoi of chemistry. CHEM'IS-TRY, ) 71. [This word bemg from the Arabic kim- CHIM'IS-TRY, \ ia, the occult science, chimistry is the correct orthography, in accordance with the Fr. chinne, Sp chimia. It. and Port, chimica.] A science, the object cf which is to discover the nature and properties of all bod ies by analysis and synthesis. Macquer CHEa'UER. See Checker. CHE-aUlN'. SeeCEccHiN. CHER'IFF, n. written also sheriff. The prince of Mecca : a high priest among the Mohammedans. CHER'ISH, V. t. [Fr. cherir.] 1. To treat with tenderness and affection ; to give wannth, ease or comfort to. 2. To hold as dear ; to embrace with affection ; to foster, and encourage. 3. To treat in a manner to encourage growth, by protection, aid, attendance, or supplying nourishment. 4. To harbor ; to indulge and encourage in the mind. CHER'ISHED, pp. Treated with tenderness ; warmed , comforted ; fostered. CHER'ISH-ER, 7i. One who cherishes ; an encourager ; & supporter. • See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € asK;easJ;SasZ;CHasSHjTHasin this, j Obsolete CHE 140 CHI CHER'ISH-ING,;>pr. Warming ; comforting ; encouraging ; fostering : treating witii affection. CHER'ISH-ING, n. Support ; encouragement. CHER'ISH-ING-Ly^, adv. In an affectionate manner. tCHER'ISH-MENT, n. Encouragement: comfort. €HER'MES. See Kermes. CHERN. See Churn. CHER'RY, n. [Fr. cerise ; L. cerasus, so named from Cera- SU3, a city in Pontus, whence the tree was imported into Italy.] The fruit of a tree, a species ofprunus, of which there are many varieties. CHER'RY, a. Like a red cherry in color ; red, ruddy, blooming. CHER'RY, n. A cordial composed of cherry-juice and spir- it, sweetened and diluted. CHERRY-BAY. See Laurel. CHER RY-CHEEKED, a. Having ruddy cheeks. CHER'RY-PIT, n. A child's play, in which cherry-stones are throw-n into a hole. CHER'RY-TREE, n. A tree whose fruit is cherries. €HER'SO-NkSE, 71. [Gr. ^E(>aovr]aos.] A peninsula ; a tract of land of any indefinite extent, which is nearly sur- rounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a neck of land, or isthmus. CHERT, n. In mineralogy, a subspecies of rhomboidal quartz ; called also hornstone, petrosilex, or rock flint. CHERT'Y, a. Like chert ; flinty. Pennant. CHER'UB, n. ; plu. Cherubs, but the Hebrew plural Cher- ubim is also used. [Heb. ono.] A figure composed of various creatures, as a man, an ox, an eagle, or a lion. In the celestial hierarchy, cherubs are represented as spir- its next in order to seraphs. * CHER'U-BI€, ) a. [The accent is usually laid on the sec- * CHE-Ru'Bie, J ond syllable, but improperly.] Pertain- ing to cherubs ; angelic. Sheldon. CHER'U-BIM, n. The Hebrew plural of cherub. CHER'U-BIN, a. Cherubic ; angelic. Shak. CHER'U-BIN, n. A cherub. Dryden. CHER'UP. A corruption of chirp, which see. CHER'VIL, w. [Sax. ccr^We.] A genus of plants. CHES'A-PEAK, n. A bay of the United States. CHES'I-BLE, n. [Old Fr. casuhle.] A short vestment with- out sleeves, worn by a popish priest at mass. CHES'LIP, n. A small vermin that lies under stones and tiles. Skinner. CHESS, n. [Fr. echecs/j An ingenious game performed by two parties, with different pieces, on a checkered board, that is, a board divided into sixty-four squares or houses. CHESS, n. In JSTew En** CHIEF, 71. 1. A commander ; particularly a military com mander ; the person who heads an army. 2. The princi- pal person of a tribe, family, or congregation, &c. — 3. In chief, in English law, in capite. To hold land in chief, is to hold it directly from the king, by honorable personal services. — 4. In heraldry, chief signifies the head or up- per part of the escutcheon, from side to side, repi-esenting a man's head. 5. In Spenser, it seems to signify some- thing like achievement, a mark of distinction. Johnson 6. This word is often used, in the singular number, to ex press a plurality. 7. The principal part ; the most or largest part of one thing or of many. CHIEF, adv. Chiefly. t CHIEF' AGE, or t CHeV'AGE, n. A tribute by the head CHIeF'DOM, n. Sovereignty. Spenser. fCHlEF'ESS, n. A female chief among the Indians. Car ver. CHIeF'LESS, a. Without a chief or leader. * See Synopsis. A, E, f , O, t), Y, loiig.—FAH, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PtN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. CHI 141 CHI CHIfiF'LY, adv 1. Principally ; eminently ; in the first place. 2. For the most part. CHIeF'RIE, 71. A small rent paid to the lord paramount. CHIeF'TAIN, 71, A captain, leader, or commander ; a chief; the head of a troop, army, or clan. CHIeF'TAIN-RY, \ n. Headship ; captaincy ; the gov- CHIeF'TAIN-SHIP, \ emment over a clan. \ CHIeV'ANCE, n. [Norm, chivisance.'] An unlawful bar- gain ; traffick in which money is extorted. 1 CHIEVE, or CHIVE, v. i. [Fr. chevir.] To come to an end ; to issue ; to succeed Chaucer. (/'HIL'BLAUV, 71. A blain or sore produced by cold. ('HiLD, 71.; flu. Chil'drew. [Sax. did.'] 1. A son or a daughter ; a male or female descendant in the first de- gree ; the immediate progeny of parents ; applied to the human race, and chiefly to a person when young. 2 One weak in knowledge, experience, judgment, or at- tainments. 3. One young in grace. 4. One who is bom again, spiritually renewed and adopted. 5. One who is the product of another ; or whose principles and morals are the product of another. 6. In the plural, the descend- ants of a man, however remote ; as, the children of Israel. 7. The inhabitants of a country. — To be vAth child, Xo he pregnant. t CHILD, 7>.j. To bring children. Shak. CHiLD'-BEaR-ING, a. or ppr. Bearing or producing chil- dren. CHiLD'-BEaR-ING, 71. The act of producing or bringing forth children ; parturition. CHlLD'BED, n. The state of a woman bringing foitii a child, or being in labor ; parturition. CIIlLD'BiRTH, 71. The act of bringing forth a child ; trav- ail; labor. fOHlLD'ED, a. Furriished with a child. Shak. CHII.D'ER-aiAS-DA^, n. An anniversary of the church of England, held on the 28th of December, in commemora- tion of the children of Bethlehem slain by Herod ; called also Innocents' -Day. CHILD'HOOD, n. [Sax. cildhad.] I. The state of a child, or the time in which persons are children, including the time from birth to puberty. 2. The properties of a child. CHILD ING, ppr. [The verb to child is not now used.] Bearing children ; producing ; as, childing women. CHiLD ISH, a. 1. Belonging to a child ; trifling ; puerile. 2. Pertaining to a child. 3. Pertaining to chilaren j igno- rant ; silly ; weak. CHlLD'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a child ; in a tri- fling way ; in a weak or foolish manner. tCHILD'ISH-MlND'ED-NESS,7i. Triflmgness. Bacon. CHiLD'ISH-NESS, n. Triflingness ; puerility ; the state or qualities of a child. CHiLD'LESS, a. Destitute of children or offspring. CHILD'LIKE, a. Resembling a child, or that which belongs to children ; becoming a child ; meek ; submissive ; duti- ful. CHILD'LY, a. Like a child. CHIL'DREN, 71. plu. of child. CHIL'I-AD, n. [Gr. ^\iag.] 1. A thousand ; a collection or sum containing a thousand individuals or particulars. 2. The period of a thousand years. CHIL'I-A-GON, 71. [Gr. x^^'-'^ ^^^ yo)via.] A plain figure of a thousand angles and sides. CHIL-I-A-He'DRON, 71. [Gr. x^'^^a and eSpa.] A figure of a thousand equal sides. eHIL'I-ARCH, n. [Gr. ;;^£X£aandap;:^;o?.] The military com- mander or chief of a thousand men. eHIL'I-AR€H-Y, n. A body consisting of a thousand men. CHILil-AST, 71. OneofthesectofMillenarians. CHIL-I-F ACTIVE. See Chylifactite. €HIL-I-OL'I-TER. See Kilohter. CHIL-I-OM'E-TER. See Kilometer. CHILL, 71. [Sax. celc, cyle, cyl.] 1. A shivering with cold ; rigors, as in an ague ; the cold fit that precedes a fever ; sensation of cold in an animal body ; chilliness. 2. A moderate degree of cold ; chilliness in any body ; that which gives the sensation of cold. CHILL, a. 1. Cool ; moderately cold ; tending to cause sliivering. 2. Shivering with cold. 3. Cool ; distant ; formal ; dull ; not warm, animated, or affectionate. 4. Depressed ; dispirited ; dejected ; discouraged. ClJfLL, V. t. 1. To cause a shivering, or shrinking of the skin ; to check circulation nr motion. 2. To make cold, or cool ; as, the evening air chills the earth. 3. To blast with cold ; to check the c1rci.'ation in plants, and stoD their growth. 4. To check moi 'on, life, or action ; to de'- press ; to deject ; to discourage. t CHILL, V. i. To shiver. CHILLED, pp. Made coo! ; made to shiver ; dejected. (!HIL'LI, 71. A Mexican plant, Guinea pepper. CHILL'I-NESS, 71. 1. A sensation of shivering ; rigors. 2. A moderate degree of coldness. CHILL'ING, ppr. Cooling ; causing to shiver. CHILL'NESS, 71. Coolness ; coldness ; a shivering. CHILL' Y, a. Cool ; moderately cold. t CHILL' Y,ad7;. Coldly. Sherwood. CHIL'O-GRAM. See Kilogram. CHIMB. See Chime. CHIME, n. [Chaucer, chimbe ; Dan. kimer.] 1. The con- sonant or hannonic sounds of several conespondent in- struments. 2. Correspondence of sound. 3. The musi- cal sounds of bells struck with hammers. 4. Correspond- ence of proportion or relation. 5. A kind of periodical music, or tune of a clock, produced by an appaiatus an- nexed to it. 6. A set of bells which chime, or ring in harmony. CHIME, V. i. 1. To sound in consonance or harmony ; tc accord. 2. To correspond in relation or proportion. 3 To agree ; to fall in with. 4. To agree; to suit with. 5. To jingle ; to clatter. CHIME, v.t. 1. To move, strike, or cause to sound in hai- monv. 2. To strike or cause to sound, as a set of bells CHIME, n. [D. kirn ; G. kimme.] The edge or brim of a cask or tub, formed by the ends of the staves. CHlM'ER, 71 One who chimes. €HI-Me'RA, 71. [L. chima^a.] I. In fabulous history, a monster with three heads, that of a lion, of a goat, and of a dragon, vomitmg flames. — 2. In modern usage, a vain _ or idle fancy. CHI-MeRE', n. [It. ciamare.] A robe, Wlieatly. €HI-MER'I-€AL, a. Merely imaginary ; fanciful ; fantas- tic ; wildly or vainly conceived ; that has or can have no existence except in thought. €HI-MER'I-€AL-LY, adv Wildly; vainly; fancifully; fantastically. t CHIM'ER-IZE, V. i. To entertain wild fancies. €HIM'I-€AL, ) a. 1. Pertaining to chemistry. 2. Result- CHEM'I-€AL, \ ing from the operation of the principles of bodies by decomposition, combination, &c. 3. Accord- ing to the principles of chemistry. €HIM'I-€AL-LY, ) adv. According to chemical principles ; €HEM'I-CAIj-LY, \ by chemical process or operation. CHIM IN-A6E, n. [Fr. chemin.] In law, a toll for passage through a forest. CHiM'ING, ppr. Causing to chime ; sounding in accodr- ance, CHIM'IST, ) n. A person versed in chemistry ; a professor CHEM'IST, \ of chemistry. €HIM'IST-RY, in. [Fr. chimie ;Sp.chimia. Theorthogra- €HEM'IST-RY, \ phy of this word has undergone changes through ignorance of its origin. It is the Arabic kimia, the occult art or science, from kamai, to conceal. The common orthography is from x^^i to melt or fuse ; the old orthogra- phy was from %uw, the same word, differently written.] A science, the object of which is to discover the nature and properties of all bodies by analysis and synthesis. Mac- quer. See Chemistry. CHIM'NEY, n. ; plu. Chimneys. [Fr. cheminee.] 1. In architecture, a body erected in a building, containing a funnel or funnels, to convey smoke through the roof, from the fire-place. 2. A fire-place ; the lower part of the bodj' of brick or stone, which confines and conveys smoke. CHIM'NEY-COR'NER, n. I. The corner of a fire-place, or the space between the fire and the sides of the fire-place. 2. In a more enlarged sense, the fire-side, or a place near the fire. CHIM'NEY-HOOK, n. A hook for holding pots and kettles over a fire. CHIM'NEY-M6N'EY, n. Hearth-money, a duty paid far each chimney_in a house. CHIM'NEY-PIeCE, 71. An ornamental piece of wood or stone set round a fire-place. CHIM'NEY-SWEEP'ER, 71. One whose occupation is to sweep and scrape chimneys, to clean them of the soot that adheres to their sides. CHIM'NEY-TOP, 71. The summit of a chimnev CHIM-PAN'ZEE, 71. An animal of the ape kmd. CHIN, n. [Sax. cinne.] The lower extremity of the face below the mouth ; the point of the under jaw. * CHI'NA, 71. A species of earthen ware made in China, and so called trom the country ; called also china ware and porcelain. See Porcelain. * CHI'NA-OR'ANGE, n. The sweet orange, said to have been originallv brought from China. * CHI'NA-ROOT, n. The root of a species of smilax. CHINCH, V. "a genus of insects. CHIN'-COUGH, 71. [D. kink-hoest.] A contagious disease often epidemic among children. CHINE, n. [Fr. echine.] 1. The back-bone, or spine of an animal. 2. A piece of the back-bone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking. 3. The chime of a cask, or the ridge formed by the ends of the staves. Stat of Penn. CHINE, V. t. To cut through the back-bone, or into chine- pieces. CHiNEJ), a. Pertaining to the back. Beaumont CHI-NeKE', a. Pertaining to China. See Syrwpais. MOVE BOOK D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this f Obsolete CHI 142 CHO C'HI-NeSE', n. sing, and plu. A native of China ; also, the language of China. CHU^'GLE, 71. Gravel free from dirt. See Shingle. CHENTK, 71. [Sax. cina or cinu.] A small aperture length- vp-ise ; a cleft, rent, or fissure ; a gap or crack. CHINK, V. i. To crack ; to open. Barret. CHINK, V. t. To open or part, and fonn a fissure. CHINK, V. t. To cause to sound by shalting coins or small pieces of metal. CHINK, V. i. To make a smaU, sharp sound, as b/ the col- lision of little pieces of money, or other sonorous bodies. (yHINK'A-PIN, 71. The dwarf chestnut, /a^ws pM7?iiZa. CHINK'Y, a. Full of chinks, or fissures; gaping; opening in narrow clefts. Dryden. 'I of the genus corvus CHOULE. See Jowl. See Synopsis. MOVE, PQOK, DOVE •,-Bl.ILL, UNITE.-C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Fli as in thv,. f Obsolete CHR 144 CHU CHOUSE, V. t. To cheat, trick, defraud. [It is vulirar.^ SlDift. " ^ CHOUSE, 71. One who is easily cheated ; a tool ; a simple- ton. A trick ; sham ; imposition. CHOUSED, pp. Cheated ; defrauded ; imposed on. CHOUS'ING, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on. CHOW DER, n. In JVew Engla-nd, a dish of fish boiled with biscuit, &c. CHOWDER, V. t. To make a chowder. CHOWTER, t;. i. To grumble like a frog or a froward child. Phillips CHRISM, 71. [Gr. ;!^ptcr//a.] Unguent ; unction ; consecrat- ed oil used in sacred ceremonies. CHRIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to chrism. Brevint. CHRIS-Ma'TION, 71. The act of applying the chrism, or consecrated oil. CHRIS'MA-TO-RY, n. A vessel to hold the oil for chrism. CHRIS'OM, n. [See Chrism.] A child that dies withm a month after its birth ; so called from the chrisom-cloth. Also, the cloth itself. CHRIST, 71. [Gr. ypio-ro?.] The Anointed: an appella- tion given to the Savior of the world, and synonymous with the Hebrew Messiah. CHRIST-CROSS-RoW, (kris-kros-ro) n. An old term for the alphabet, probably from the cross usually set before it. Whitlock. CHRIS'TEN, (kris'sn) T. «. [Sax. Cristnian.] I. To baptize, or rather to baptize and name •, to initiate into the visible church of Chiist by the application of water. 2. To name ; to denominate. CHRIS'TEN-DOM, (kris'sn-dum) n. [Sax. Cristcndom.] 1. The territories, countries or regions inhabited by Chris- tians, or those who profess to believe in the Christian re- ligion. 2. The whole body of Christians. 3. Christian- ity ; the Christian religion ; [unus7ial.] CHRISTENED, (kris'snd) pp. Baptized and named ; ini- tiated into Christianity. CHRIS'TEN-ING, ;)i7r. Baptizing and naming. CIISIS'TEN-ING, n. The act or ceremony of baptizing and naming ; initiation into the Christian religion. CHRIST'IAN, (krist'yan) 71. [Gr. ;^j3t(7rjavoj ; L. Christia- nus.] 1. A believer in the religion of Christ. 2. A pro- fessor of his belief in the religion of Christ. 3. A real disciple of Christ ; a believer in Christ who is character- ized by real piety. — 4. In a general sense, the word Chris- tians includes ail who are born in a Cliristian country, or of Christian parents. CHRIST'IAN, a. Pertaining to Christ, taught by him, or received from him. 2. Professing the religion of Christ. 3. Belonging to the religion of Christ ; relating to Christ, or to his doctrines, precepts and example. 4. Pertaining to the church •, ecclesiastical. t CHRIST'LIN, V. t. To baptize. Fulke. CHRIST'IAN-ISM, n. [Gr. xP^'^'^'-^'^^'^l^os.] 1. The Chris- tian religion. 2. The nations professing Christianity. CHRIST'IAN-ITE, n. Vesuvian mineral. CHRIST-IAN'I-TY, n. The religion of Christians ; or the system of doctrines and precepts taught by Christ, and re- corded by the evangelists and apostles. €HRIST-IAN-I-Za'TION, n. The act of Christianizing , a icord sometimes iised in America. CHRIST'IAN-lZE, v. t. To make Christian ; to convert to Christianity. CHRIST'IAN-LIKE, a. Becoming a Christian. €HRiST'IAN-LY, adv. In a Christian manner 5 in a man- ner becoming the principles of the Christian religion, or the profession of that religion. CHRfST'IAN-NAME, n. The name given in baptism, as distinct from the gentilitious or surname. CHRIST'IAN-NESS, n. The profession of Christianity. Hammond. tCHRIST'IAN-OG'RA-PHY, n. A description of Christian nations. CHRIST'MAS, 7!. [CAmt and viass ; Sax.ma;ssa; T). kers- viis.] 1. The festival of the Christian church, observed aimually on the 25th day of December, in memory of the birth of Christ. 2. Christmas-day. CHRIST'MAS-BOX, n- I. A box in which little presents are deposited at Christmas. 2. A present made at Christmas. CHIllST'M AS-DAY, n. The 25th day of December. f.iiRlST'MAS-FLOVV-ER, n. Hellebore. ClIRIST'MAS-ROSE, n. A plant of the genus helleborus. CliaiST'S-THORN, n. The rhamnus paliurus. CHRO-AS'TA-CES, n. [Gr. XP°"-'\ I" natural history, a genus of pellucid gems. CHRo'MATE, n. A salt or compound formed by the chro- mic acid with a base. CHRO-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. xP'^l^artKos.] 1. Relating to col- or. 2. Noting a particular species of music, which pro- ceeds by several semitones in succession. CHRO-MAT'IC, 71. A kind of music that proceeds by sev- eral consecutive semitones. CHRO-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the chromatic manner. CHRO-MAT'ieS, 71. The science of colors. CHROftlE, 71. [Gr. ;!^pa)//a.] A metal consisting of a porous mass of agglutinated grains. CHRo'MIC, a. Pertaining to clu-ome.—CAroTwic 7/eZZow,tlie aitiflcial cliromate of lead, a beautiful pigment CHRON'IC, ) a. [Fr. chrunique.] Continuing a long CHRON'I-CAL, j time, as a disease. A chronic disease is one which is inveterate or of long continuance, in dis- tinction from an acute disease, which speedily termi- nates. CHRON'I-CLE, 71. 1. A historical account of facts or events disposed in the order of time. — 2. In a more general sense, a history. 3. That which contains history. — 4. Chroni- cles, phi. Two books of the Old Testament. CHRON'I-CLE, V. t. To record in history, or chronicle ; to record : to register. CHRON'I-CLER, 71. A writer of a chronicle ; a recorder of events m the order of time ; a historian. CHRON'iaUE, (kron'ik) n. A chronicle. Addison CHRON'0-GRAM, n. [Gr. XF^'°S ^^^ yP^W"-] ^^ in- scription in which a certain date or epoch is expressed by numeral letters ; as in the motto of a medal struck by Gustavus Adolplius, m 1632. ChrlstVs DVX ; ergo trIVMphVs. CHRON-O-GRAM-MAT'IC, ) a. Belonging to a chron- CHRON-0-GRAM-MAT'I-CAL, \ ogram, or contamuig one. CHRON-O-GRAIM'MA-TIST, n. A writer of chronograms. CHRO-NOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. xpovos and ypahe plural, condi- tion, in regard to wordly estate ; state of property. t CiR'CUM-STANCE, v. t. To place in a particular situa- tion. Donne. CiR'CUM-STANCED, pp. or a. Placed in a particular man- ner, with regard to attending facts or incidents ; as, cir- cumstanced as we were, we could not escape. t CiR'CUM-STANT, a. Surrounding. t CiR-€UM-STAN'TIA-BLE, a. Capable of being circum- stantiated. Bp. Taylor. CiR-CUM-STAN'TIAL, a. 1. Attending ; relating to ; but not essential. 2. Consisting in or pertaining to circum- stances, or to particular incidents. 3. Incidental ; casual. 4. Abounding with circumstances, or exhibiting all the circumstances ; minute ; particular. — 5. In law, circum- stantial evidence is that which is obtained from circum- stances, which necessarily or usually attend facts of a particular nature, from which arises presumption. CiR-CUM-STAN'TIAL, n. Circumstantials are things in- cident to the main subject. CiR-€UM-STAN-TIAL'I-TY n. 1. The appendage of cir- cumstances ; the state of any thing as modified by cir- cumstances. 2. Particularity in exhibiting circumstances • minuteness. CiR-€UM-STAN'TIAI -LY, adv. 1. According to circum- stances ; not essentially ; accidentally. 2. Minutely ; ex- actly ; in every circumstance or particular. CiR-€UM-STAN'TIATE, v.t. 1. To place ui particular circumstances. 2. To place in a particular condition witli regard to power or wealth. Swift. [This word is little used.] CIR-CUM-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. circum and terra.] Around the earth. • CIR-CUM-VAL'LATE, v. t. To surround with a rampart. [Little used.] CiR-CUM-VAL-La'TION, 71.' [1.. circumvallo.] 1. In the art of war, a surrounding with a wall or rampart ; also a wall, rampart, or parapet with a trdnch, surrounding the camp of a besieging army. 2. The rampart, or fortifica- tion surrounding a besieged place. t CiR-CUM-VEC'TION, n. [L. circum and veho ] A carry- uig about. CiR-CUM-VENT', v. t. [L. circumvenio.] To gain advan tage over another, or to accomplish a purpose, by arts stratagem, or deception ; to deceive : to prevail over an- other by wiles or fraud ; to delude ; to unpose on. CiR-CUM-VENT'ED, pp. Deceived by craft or stratagem , deluded. CiR-CUM-VENT'ING, ppr. Deceiving; imposing on. CiR-CUM-VEN'TION, n. 1. The act of prevailmg over * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; THas in this, f Obsolete CIT 148 - CIV another by arts, address, or fraud : deception ; fraud ; im- posture j delusion. 2. Preventioi; pjeoccupalion ; \obs.'\ Shak. CiR-€UM-VENT'IVE, a. Deceiving by artifices ; deluding. CiR-€UM-VEST', v. t. [L. circumvestio.} To cover round, as with a garment. Wotton. CiR-€UM-VO-LA'TION, n. [L. circumvolo.'] The act of flying round. [Little used.^ CiR-€UM-VO-Lu'TION, n. 1. The act of rolling round ; the state of being roUed ; also, the thing rolled round an- other. — 2. In architecture, the torv^ of the spiral line of the Ionic order. CtR-€UM-VOLVE', (sur-kum-volv') v.t. [L.circumvolvo.] To roll round ; to cause to revolve ; to put into a circular motion. CiR-€UM-VOLVE', v. i. To roll round ; to revolve. CiR-€UM-VOLV'ED, (sur-kum-volvd') pp. Rolled round ; moved in a circular manner. CiR-€UM-VOLV'ING, ppr. Rolling round ; revolving. CiR€'US, n.; plu. Circuses, [L.] 1. In antiquity, around or oval edifice, used for the exhibition of games and shows to the people. 2. The open area, or space inclosed, in which were exhibited games and shows. — 3. In modern times, a circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of horsemanship. CiRL, n. An Italian bird about the size of a sparrow. CIR-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cirrus and/ero.] Producing ten- drils or claspers, as a plant. CIR'ROUS, a. [L. cirrus.} Terminating in a cirrus, curl or tendril. CIS-ALP'IK^, a. [L. cis and M-pes.} On this side of the Alps, with ic'gard to Rome ; that is, on the south of the Alps j opposeu to transalpine. CIS'PA-DANE, a. [L. cis and Padus.} On this side of the Po, with regard tt> Rome ; that is, on the south side. CIS-SOID', n. [Gr. /ctu^oj and etJos.] A curve of the second order, invented by Dit^'-les. t CIS'SOR. See Cizar aiii Scissor. CIST, n. A case. See Ctsv, the proper orthography. CIST'ED, ft. Inclosed in a cyst. See Cysted. CIS-TER'CIAN, 71. [Cisteaux.'] A monk, a reformed Bene- dictine. CIS'TERN, n. [L. cistema.} I. An artificial reservoir or receptacle for holding water, beer or other liquor, ^ls in domestic uses, distilleries and breweries. 2. A natural reservoir ; a hollow place containing water ; as a fountain or lake. CIST'IC See Cystic. CIST'US, n. [Gr. Kiarog.] The rock-rose. Encyc. CIT, 71. [contracted fi-om citizen.'] A citizen, in a low sense ; an inhabitant of a city ; a pert townsman ; a pragmatical trader. Pope. GIT'A-DEL, n. [Fr. citadelle ; It. cittadella.] A fortress or castle, in or near a city, intended for its defense j a place of arms. Ct'TAL, m. I. Reproof; impeachment; [little used.] Shak. 2. Summons; citation; quotation; [little used.] CI-Ta''TION, 7i. [L. citatio.] 1. A summons ; an official call or notice, given to a person, to appear in a court. 2. Qtuotation ; the act of citing a passage from a book. 3. Enumeration; mention. Cl'TA-TO-RY, a. Citing; calling; having the power or form of citation. CITE, V. t. [L. cito.] 1. To call upon officially, or authori- tatively ; to summon ; to give legal or official notice, as to a defendant to appear in court. 2. To enjoin ; to direct ; to summon ; to order or urge. 3. To quote ; to name or repeat, as a passage or the words of another, either from a book or from verbal communication. 4. To call or name, _in support, proof or confirmation. CiT'ER, n. 1. One who cites or summons into court. 2. One who quotes a passage or the words of another. CIT'ESS, n. A ciiy woman. [Little used.] CITH-A-RIS'TI€, a. [L. cithara.] Pertaining to or adapted to the harp. CITH'ERN, 71. [L. cithara.] A stringed musical instrument? among the ancients. CIT'I-CISM, 71. The manners of a cit or citizen. CIT'IED, a. Belonging to a city. Drayton. CIT'I->SIN, 71. A substance of a yellow color, obtained from the seeds of the cyti^us labui-num. CIT'I-ZEJsT, (sit'e-zn) 7?. [Fr. citotjen.] 1. A native of a city, or an inhabitant who enjoys the freedom and privi- leges of the city in which he resides. 2. A townsman ; a man of trade ; not a gentleman. 3. An inhabitant ; a dweller in any city, town or place. — 4. In a general sense, a native or permanent resident in a city or country. — 5. In the U. States, a person, native or naturalized, who has the privilege of exercising the elective franchise, and of purchasing and holding real estate. CIT'I-ZEN, a. Having the qualities of a citizen. CIT'I-ZEN-TZE, V. t. To make a citizen ; to admit to the rights and privileges of a citizen. Pickering. CIT'I-ZEN-SHIP, 71. The state of being vested tvith the rights and privileges of a citizen. CIT'RATE, n. [L. citrus.] In chemistry, a neutral salt, formed by a union of the citric acid with a base. The onion yields citrate of lime. Ure. CIT'RIC, a. Belonging to lemons or limes ; as citric aeid. CIT'illL, 71. A beautiful song bird of Italy. CIT-RI-Na'TION, 71. The turning to a yellow-green color. CIT'RiNE, a. [L. citrinu^.] Like a citron or lemon ; of a lemon color ; yellow, or greenish-yellow. CIT'RiNE, n. A species of very fine sprig crystal. CIT'RON, n. [Fr. citron.] The fruit of the citron-tree, a large species of lemon. CIT'RON-TREE, n. The tree which produces the citron, of the genus citrus. CIT'RON- WATER, n. A liquor distilled with the rind of citrons. t CIT'RUL, 71, The pompion or pumpkin, CIT':^, n. [Fr. cite; It. citta.] 1. in a general sense, a large town. — 2. In a 7«ore appropriate sense, a corporate town ; a tov/n or collective body of inhabitants, incorpo- rated and governed by particular officers, as a mayor and aldermen. — In Great Britain, a town corporate, that has a bishop and a cathedral church. 3. The collective body of citizens, or the inhabitants of a city. CIT'Y, a._ Pertaining to a city. Shak. CIT'Y-CoURT, n. The municipal court of a city, consL«l. Jng of the mayor or recorder and aldermen. U. States. CiVES, n. [Fr. cive.] A species of leek, of the genus al- lium. CIVET, 71. [Fr. civeite.] A substance, of the consistence of butter or honey, taken from a bag under the tail of the civet-cat. It is used as a perfume. CIVET-CAT, 71. The animal that produces civet, a spe- cies of viverra. CIVIC, a. [1:. civicus.] Literally, pertaining to a city or citizen ; relating to civil affairs or honors. t CIVIC-AL, a. Belonging to civil honors. CIVIL, a. [L. civilis.] i. Relating to the community, or to the policy and government of the citizens and subjects of a state. 2. Relating to any man as a member of a community. 3. Reduced to order, rule and government ; under a regular administration ; implying some refinement of manners ; not savage or wild. 4. Civilized ; courteous ; complaisant ; gentle and obliging ; v/ell-bred ; affable ; kind ; having the manners of a city. 5. Grave ; sober ; not gay or showy. 6. Complaisant ; polite ; a popular colloquial use of the jcord. — 7. Civil death, in law, is that which cuts off" a man from civil society. — 8. Civil law, in a general sense, the law of a state, city or country ; but in an appropriate sense, the Roman law. — 9. Civil list, the officers of civil government, who are paid from the public treasury. — 10. Civil state, the whole body of the laity or citizens, not included under the militaiy, maritime and ecclesiastical states. — 11. Civil war, a war between peopie of the same state or city. — 12. Civil year, the legtl year, or annual account of time which a government appoints to be used in its own dominions. — 13. Civil architecture, the architecture which is employed in constructing build- ings for the purposes of civil life. CI-VIL'IAN, 71. I. One who is skilled in the Roman law ; a professor or doctor of civil law. 2. In a 7nore extended sense, one who is versed in law and government. 3. A student of the civil law at the university. t CIVIL-IST, 71. A civilian. CI-VIL'I-TY, 72. [1.. civilitas.] 1. The state of being civilr ized ; refinement of manners ; applied to nations. Spenser. 2. Good breeding ; politeness ; complaisance ; courtesy ; decorum of behavior in the treatment of others, accom- panied with kind offices. Civility respects manners or external deportment, and, in the plural, civilities denote acts of politeness. ♦ CIV-IL-I-Za'TION, 71. I. The act of civilizing, or the state of being civilized. 2. The act of rendering a criminal process civil ; [not used.] CIVIL-lZE, V. t. [It. civilizzare ; Fr. civiliser.] To reclaim from a savage state ; to introduce civility of manners among a people, and instruct them in the arts of regular life. CIVIL-IZED, pp. Reclaimed from savage life and man- ners ; jnstructed in arts, learning and civil manners. CIVIL-lZ-ER, n. 1. One who civilizes ; be that reclaims others from a wild and savage life, and teaches them the rules and customs of civility, 2, That which reclaims from savageness, CIVIL-lZ-ING, ppr. Reclaiming from savage life ; instruct- ing in arts and civility of manners. CIVIL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner relating to government, ot to the rights or character of a member of the community 2. In a manner relating to private rights. 3. Not natu- rally, but in law. 4. Politely; complaisantly ; gently with dae decorum ; courteously. 5. Without gaudy col ors, or finery ; [obs.] CIVISM, 71. [L. cims.] Love of country ; patriotism * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; j Ols-Jete. CLA 149 CLA * CIZ AR, V. t. To clip with scissors. Beaumont. CIZ'AR. See Scissors. CIZE, Tor Size, is not in use. €LAB'BEil, or BON'NY-€LAB'BER, n. Milk turned, be- come thick or inspissated. CLAGK, V. i. [Fr. claquer.] 1. To make a sudden, sharp noise, as by striking or cracking ; to clink ; to click. 2. To utter words rapidly and continually, or with sharp, abrupt sounds ; to let the tongue run. €LA€K, n. [W dec] 1. A sharp, abrupt sound, continu- ally repeated, such as is made by striking an object, or by bursting or cracking ; continual talk. 2. The instrument that strikes the hopper of a grist-mill, to move or shake it, for discharging the corn. And, according to Johnson, a bell that rings when more corn is required to be put in. eLA€K'-DISH, n. A beggar's dish, with a movable cover, which they clack. SJiak. OLACK'ER, 71. One that clacks ; that which clacks. eLA€K'ING, ppr. Making a sharp, abrupt sound, continu- ally repeated j talking continually ; tattling ; rattling with the tongue. €LA€K'ING, n. A prating. CLAD, pp. [See Clothe.] Clothed ; invested ; covered as with a garment. €LAIM, V. t. [L. clamo.'] 1. To call for ; to ask or seek to obtain, by virtue of authority, right or supposed right ; to challenge as a right ; to demand as due. 2. To assert, or maintain as a right. 3. To have a right or title to. 4. To proclaim; fobs.] 5. To call or name ; [obs.] €LAIM, n. A demand of a right or supposed right ; a calling on another for something due, or supposed to be due. 9. A right to claim or demand ; a title to any debt, privi- lege or other thing in possession of another. 3, The thing claimed or demanded. 4. A loud call ; [obs.] Spense?-. CLAIM' A-BLE, a. That may be demanded as due. CLaIM'ANT, n. 1. A person who claims ; one who de- mands any thing as his right. 2. A person who has a right to claim or demand. CLAIMED, Pi'- Demanded as due ; challenged as a right j asserted; maintained. CLAIM'ER, n. A claimant ; one who demands as due. CLAIM'ING, ppr. Demanding as due ; challenging as a right ; asserting ; maintaining ; having a right to de- mand. CLAIR'-OB-SetJRE'. See Clare-obscuke. CLAM, n. A bivalvular shell-fish. CLAM'-SHELL, n. The shell of a clam. €IjAM, V. t. [Bax. clamian.] To clog with glutinous or vis cous matter. CLAM, V. i. To be moist. [Little used.] CLa'MANT, a. Crying ; beseeching. CLAM'BER, V. i. To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet. CLAM'BER-ING, ppr. Climbing with effort and labor. CLAM'MI-NESS, n. The state of being viscous ; viscosity ; stickiness ; tenacity of a soft substance. CLAM'MY, a. Thick, viscous, adhesive ; soft and sticky ; glutinous; tenacious. CLAM'OR, n. [L. clamor.] 1. A great outcry ; noise ; ex- clamation; continued vociferation. Shak. 2. Figurative- ly, loud and continued noise. CLAM'OR, V. t. To stun with noise. Bacon. — To clamor bells, is to multiply the strokes. CLAM'OR, V. i. To utter loud sounds, or outcries ; to talk loud ; to utter loud voices repeatedly ; to vociferate ; to utter loud voices ; to complain ; to make unportunate de- mands. CLAM'OR-ER, n. One who clamors. CLAM'OR -ING, JW- Uttering and repeating loud words; making a great and continued noise, particularly in com- plaint or importunate demands. CLAM'OR-OUS a. Speaking and repeating loud words; noisy ; vociferous ; loud ; turbulent. CLAM'OR-OUS-LY, adv. With loud noise or words. CLAM'OR-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being loud or noisy. CLAMP, n. [D. klamp.] 1. In general, something that fastens or binds ; a piece of tim.ber or of iron, used to fas- ten work together ; or a particular manner of uniting work by letting boards into each other. — 2. In ship-building, a thick plank on the inner part of a ship's side, used to sus- tain the ends of the beams. 3. A smooth, crooked plate of ii-on, forelocked on the trunnions of a cannon, to keep it fast to tiie carriage. 4. A pile of bricks laid up for burning. CLAMP, v.t. 1. To fasten with clamps. 2. In joinery, to fit a piece of board with the grain to the end of another piece of board across the grain. CLAMP, V. i [D, klompen.] To tread heavily Craven di- alect. CLAMPED, pp. United or strengthened with a clamp. CLAMP'ING, ppr Fastening or strengthening with a clamp. CLAN, 71. [Ir. clann,OT eland; Erse, clan, or hlaan.] 1. A race ; a family ; a tribe ; an association of persons under a chieftain. 2. In contempt, a sect, society, or body of persons closely united. Swift. CLAN'CU-LAR, a. [L. cl'ancularius.] Clandestine ; se- cret ; private ; concealed. [Little iised.] CLAN'CU-LAR- LY, adv. Privately ; secretly. [Little used.} CLAN-DES'TiNE, a. [L. clandestinus.] Secret; private; hidden ; withdrawn from public view. CLAN-DES'TiNE-LY, adv. Secretly; privately; in se- cret. CLAN-DES'TiNE-NESS, n. Secrecy ; a state of conceal- ment. t CLAN-DES-TIN'I-TY, n. Privacy or secrecy. CLANG, v. t. [L. clango.] To make a sharp, shrill soimd, as by striking metallic substances ; or to strike with a sharp sound. CLANG, n. [L. clangor.] A sharp, shrill sound, made by striking together metallic substances, or sonorous bodies, or any like sound. CLANG'OR, 7!. [L.] A sharp, shrill, harsh sound. [See Clang.] Dryden. CLANG'OR-OUS, a. Sharp or harsh in sound. CLANG'OUS, a. Making a clang, or a shrill or hai-sh sound. CLAN ISH, a. Closely united, like a clan ; disposed to ad- here closely, as the members of a clan. CLAN'iSH-NESS, n. Close adherence or disposition to unite, as a clan. CLANK, n. The loud, shrill, sharp sound, made by a col- lision of metallic or other sonorous bodies. CLANK, V. t. To make a sharp, shrill sound ; to strike with a sharp sound. CLAN 'SHIP, n. A state of union, as in a family or clan ; an association under a chieftain. CLAP, v. t. pret. and pp. clapped or clapt. [D. Idappen, kloppcn.] 1. To strike with a quick motion, so as to make a noise by the collision ; to strike with something broad, or having a flat surface. 2. To thrust ; to drive to- gether ; to shut hastily. 3. To thrust or drive together ; to put one thing to another by a hasty or sudden motion. 4. To thrust ; to put, place, or send. 5. To applaud ; to manifest approbation or praise by striking the hands to- gether. 6. To infect with venereal poison. — To clap up. 1. To make or complete hastily. 2. To imprison hastily, or with little delay. CLAP, v.i. 1. To move or drive together suddenly with noise. 2. To enter on with alacrity and briskness ; to drive or thrust on. 3. To strike the hands together in ap- plause. CLAP, n. 1. A driving together ; a thrust and collision of bodies with noise, usually bodies with broad surfaces. 2. A sudden act or motion ; a thrust. 3. A burst of sound ; a sudden explosion. 4. An act of applause ; a striking of hands to express approbation. 5. [Fr. clapoir.] A venereal infection. Pope. — 6. With /aZcoTiers, the neth- er part of the beak of a hawk. CLAP'-BoARD, n. A thin, narrow board for covering houses. — In England, according to Bailey, a clapboard is also what in .America is called a stave for casks. CLAP'-DISH, n. A wooden bowl or dish. CLAP'-DOC-TOR, n. One who is skilled in healmg the clao. CLAP'-NET, n. A net for taking larks. CLAPPED, pp. Thrust or put on or together ; applauded by striking the hands together ; infected with the venereal CLAP'PITr, n. 1. A person who claps, or applauds by clap- ping. 2. That which strikes, as the tongue of a bell, or the piece of wood that strikes a mill-hopper. tCLAP'FER, ?i. [Old Fr. clapier.] A place for rabbits to burrow in. Chaucer. CLAP'PER-CLAW, v. t. To scold ; to abuse with the tongue ; to revile. Shak, CLAP' PING, ppr. Driving or putting on, in, over, or under, by a sudden motion ; striking the hands together. CLARE, 71. A nun of the order of St. Clare. CLAR'EN-CEUX, ) /tioWor. c^,.^ S «• In Great B^tain. CLAR'EN-CIEUX, \ ^^laren-snuj | ^j^^ ^^^.^^^^ j^.^^^ ^^ arms, so called from the duke of Clarence. CLARE-OB-SCtJRE', n. [L. clarus and obscurus.] Light and shade in painting. CLAR'ET, 71. [Fr. clairet.] A species of French wine, of a clear pale red color. CLAR'I-CHORD, n. [L. clarus and chorda.] A musical in- strument in form of a spinet, called also manichord. CLAR-I-FI-CA'TION, n. The act of clearmg ; particularly the clearing or fining of liquid substances. CLAR'I-FlED, pp. Purified ; made clear or fine ; defecat- ed. CLAR'I-Fi-ER, n. 1. That which clarifies or purifies. 2. A vessel in which liquor is clarified. CLAR'I-F1?, V. t. [Fr. clarifier.] 1. To make clear ; to purify from feculent matter ; to defecate ; to fine. 2. To make clear ; to brighten or illuminate ; [rarely iLsed.] CLAR'I-FY, V. i. 1. To clear up ; to grow clear or bright. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE € as K : G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in «A«s f ObsolUe CLA 150 CLE 2 To grow or become clear or fine ; to become pure, as liquors. (JLAR'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making clear, pure, or bright j def- ecating : growing clear. €LAR'I-NET, n. [Fr. clarinette.] A wind instrument of music. *€LAR'ION, n. [Fr. clairon.] A kind of trumpet, whose tube is narrower, and its tone more acute and shrill, than that of the common trumpet. €LAR'I-TUDE, 71. Clearness ; splendor. [Little used.] €LAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. clarte ; L. claritas.] Clearness 5 bright- ness ; splendor. [Little used.] €LART, V. t. To daub j to smear ; to spread. Morth of FMgland. CLaRT'Y, a. Wet ; slippery ; dirty ; miry. Grose. t CLAR'Y, V. i. To make a loud or shrill noise. CLa'RY, 71. A plant of the genus salvia, or sage. CLa'RY-WA'TER, n. A composition of brandy, sugar, clary-tlowers, and cinnamon, with a little ambergris dis- solved in it. CLASH, V. i. [D. kletscn.] 1. To strike against; to drive against with force. 2. To meet in opposition ; to be con- trary ; to act in a contrary direction ; to interfere. CL/VSH, V. t. To strike one thing against another with sound. CLASH, n. 1. A meeting of bodies with violence ; a striking together with noise ; collision, or noisy collision of bodies. 2. Opposition ; contradiction, as between dif- fering or contending interests, views, purposes, &c. CLASH'ING, ppr. Striking against with noise ; meeting in opposition ; opposing ; interfering. CLASH'ING, 7J. A striking against; collision of bodies; opposition. CLASP, n. [Ir. clasha.] 1. A hook for fastening ; a catch. 2. A close embrace ; a throwing of the arms round. CLASP, V. t. 1. To shut or fasten together with a clasp. Pope. 2. To catch and hold by twining ; to surround and cling to. 3. To inclose and hold in the hand ; or simply to inclose or encompass with the fingers. 4. To embrace closely ; to throw the arms round ; to catch with the arms. 5. To inclose, and press. €LaSPED, pp. Fastened with a clasp ; shut ; embraced ; inclosed ; encompassed ; caught. CLASP'ER, 71. He or that which clasps ; usually the tendril of a vine or other plant, which twines round something for support. CLASP'ERED, a. Furnished with tendrils. CLASP'ING, ppr. 1. Twining round; catching and hold- ing ; embracing ; inclosing ; shutting or fastening with a clasp. 2. In botany, surrounding the stem at the base, as a leaf. CLASP'-KNIFE, n. A knife which folds into the handle. CLASS, v.. [L. classis.] 1. An order or rank of persons ; a number of persons in society, supposed to have some re- semblance or equality, in rank, education, property, tal- ents, and the like. 2. A number of students in a college or school, of the same standing, or pursuing the same studies. 3. Scientific division or arrangement; a set of beings or things, having something in common, or ranged under a common denomination. CLASS, V. t. 1. To an-ange in a class or classes ; to arrange in sets or ranks, according to some method founded on natural distinctions. 2. To place in ranks or divisions students that are pursuing the same studies ; to form into a class or classes. CLAS'Sie, or €LAS'SI-CAL, a. [L. classicus.] 1. Relat- ing to ancient Greek and Roman authors, of the first rank or estimation. 2. Pertaining to writers of the first rank among the moderns ; being of the first order. 3. Denot- ing an order of Presbyterian assemblies. CLAS'Sie, V. 1. An author of the first rank ; a writer whose style is pure, correct, and refined ; pnmarily, a Greek rr Roman author of this character. 2. A book written by an author of the first class. CLASS! CAL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of classes; ac- cording to a regular order of classes or sets. 2. In a classical manner; according to the manner of classical authors. CLAS-SIF'I€, a. Constituting a class or classes; noting classificatiorv 01 the order of distribution into sets. Med Repns CLAS-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of forming into a class or classes ; distribution into sets, sorts or ranks. CLAS'St-FIED, pp Arranged in classes ; formed into a class or classes. CLAS'SI-FY, v. t. [L. classis.] To make a class or classes ; to distribute into classes ; to arrange in sets according to some common properties or characters. CLAS Sl-FY-ING, ppr. Forming a class or classes ; arrang- ing in sorts or ranks. €LAS'SIS, 71. 1. Class order; sort. 2. A convention or assembly. CLAT'TER, V. i. [D klateren.] 1. To make rattling sounds ; to make repeated sharp sounds, as by striking sonorous bodies. 2. To utter continual or repeated sharp sounds, or rattling sounds, by being struck together. 3. To talk fast and idly ; to run on ; to rattle with the tongue. CLAT'TER, V. t. 1. To strike and make a rattling noise. 2. To dispute, jar, or clamor. CLAT'TER, n. 1. A rapid succession of abrupt, sharp sounds, made by the collision of metallic or other son'w rous bodies; rattling sounds. 2. Tumultuous and con- fused noise ; a repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds. CLAT'TER-ER, n. One who claltei-s ; a babbler. CLAT'TER-ING, ppr. Making or uttering sharp, abrupt sounds, as by a collision of sonorous bodies ; talking fist with noise ; rattling. CLAT'TER-ING, n. A rattling noise. CLAU'DENT, a. [L. claudens.] Shuttmg ; confining; drawing together. [Little used.] €LAU'D1-CANT, a. Halting; limping. [Little used.] CLAU'DI-CATE, ». 7. [Ij. claudico .] To halt or limp. [Lit- tle used, or not at all.] CLAU-DI-Ca'TION, 71. A halting or limping. [Little uscd.\ CLAUSE, ri. [Yr. clause; h. claus^ira.] 1. A member of aperiod or sentence ; a siibdivision of a sentence. 2. An article in a contract or other writing ; a distinct part of a contract, will, agreement, charter, commission, or other writing. CLAUSTRAL, a. [L. claustrum.] Relatmg to a cloister, or religious house. CLAUS'URE, 71. 1. The act of shutting up or confining; confinement ; [little used.] 2. In anatomy, an imperfo- rated canal. CLAV'A-TED, a. [L. clava.] 1. Club-shaped ; having the form of a club ; growing gradually thicker towards the top, as certain parts of a plant. 2. Set with knobs. CLAVE, pret. of cleave. CLAV'EL-LA-TED, a. Clavellated ashes, potash and pearlash. Coxe, t €La' VER, 71. [Sax. cZeAR'ER, n. That which clears, purifies, or enlightens ; tliat which brightens. CLeAR'ING, ppr. Purifying ; removing foul matter, in- cumbrances, or obstructions ; making evident, or lumin- ous ; cleansing ; liberating ; disengaging ; acquitting ; making gain beyond all costs and charges. CLeAR'ING, n. 1. A defense ; justification ; vindication. 2. A place or tract of land, cleared of wood for cultivation ; a covLvionuse of the word inJimerica. 3. The act of mak ing clear. CLeAR'LY, ad:v. \. Plainly ; evidently ; fully. 2. With- out obstruction ; luminously. 3. With clear discernment 4. Without entanglement or confusion. 5. Plainly , honestly ; candidly. 6. Without reserve, evasion or sub- terfuge. CLeAR'NESS, n 1. Freedom from foul or extraneous mat- ter ; purity. 2. Freedom from obstruction or incumbrance. 3. Freedom from fogs or clouds ; openness. 4. Distinct- ness ; perspicuity; luminousness. 5. Plainness, or plain dealing ; sincerity ; honesty ; fairness ; candor. 6. Free- dom from imputation of ill. 7. Freedom from sfjots, . Hall. eLl'ENT-SHIP, 71. The condition of a client; a state of being under the protection of a patron. CLIFF, 72. rSax. clif.] 1, A steep bank. 2. A high and steep rock ; any precipice. [This word has been some- times written clift.] CLIFF, in music. See Clef. CLIFF'Y, a. Having cliffs ; broken ; craggy. CLIFT'ED, a. Broken. CLIFT' Y, a The same as cliffy. Pennant. CLI-MAC'TER, 71. [Gr. KXijjiaKTnp.] 1. A critical year in human life. 2. A certain space of time. [J\rotused.] *CLI-MAC'TER-IC, a. [Gr. KXipaKtripiKos.] Literally, noting a scale, progression, or gradation ; approiiriately, denoting a criticfil period of human life. * CLI-MAC'TER-IC, n. A critical period in human life, or a period in which some great change is supposed to take place in the human constitution. 'I'he critical periods are supposed by some persons to be the years produced by multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3, 5, 7, and 9 , to which others add the 81st year. The 63d year is called the grand climacteric. CLIM-AC-TER'I-CAL, n. The same as climacteric. CLIM-A-TaRCH'IC, a [Gr. /cAi/tia and a^xv-l Presiding over climates. CLi'MATE, n. [Gr. xXi/xa.] 1. In geography, a part of the surface of the earth, bounded by two circles parallel to the equator, and of such a bieadth that the longest day in the parallel, nearest the pole is haif an hour longer than that nearest to the equator. 2. In a popular sense, a tract of land, region, or country, differing from another in the temperature of the air. CLi'MATE, V. i. To dwell ; to reside in a particular region. Shak. [Little used.] CLI-MAl'IC, I a. Pertaining to a climate ; limited by CLI-MAT'I-CAL, \ a climate. S. S. Smith. t CLi'MA-TURE, n. A climate. Shak. CLi'MAX', 71. [Gr. K\ipa^.] 1. Gradation ; ascent ; a figure of rhetoric, in which a sentence rises, as it were, step by step. 2. A sentence, or series of sentences, in which the successive members or sentences rise in force, importance or dignity, to the close of the sentence or series. CLlMB, (clime) %. i. ; pret. and pp. climbed, or clomh, but the latter is not elegant. [Sax. climan, or climban.] 1. To creep up by little and little, or step by step ; to rise on any fixed object, by seizing it with the hands, and lifting the body, and by thrusting with tlie feet. 2. To mount or ascend with labor and difficulty. 3. To rise or ascend with a slow motion. CLiMB, (clime) v. t. I. To ascend by means of the hands and feet, implying labor, difficulty and slow progress. 2. To mount or ascend, with labor or a slow motion. CLiMB'A-BLE, (cli'ma-bl) a. That maybe climbed. CLIMBED, (climd) pp. Ascended by the use of the hands and feet ; ascended with labor. CLiMB'ER, (cli'-mer) n. 1. One who clunbs, mounts or rises, by the hands and feet ; one who rises by labor or effort. 2. A plant that creeps and rises on some support. t CLiMB'ER, V. i. To climb ; to mount with effort. CLiMB'ING, ppr. Ascending by the use of the hands and feet ; ascending with difficulty. CLiMB'ING, n. The act of ascending. CLIME, 71. [L. clima.] A climate ; a tract or region of the earth; a poetical word, but sometimes used in prose. See Climate. CLINCH, V. t. [D. klinken.] 1. To gripe with the hand ; to make fast by bending over, folding, or embracing closely. 2. To fix or fasten ; to make firm. CLINCH, V. i. To hold fast upon. CLINCH, 71. 1. A word used in a double meaning ; a pun , an ambiguity ; a duplicity of meaning, with identity of expression. 2. A witty, ingenious reply. 2. In seamen's language, the part of a cable which is fastened to the ring of an anchor. CLINCHED, pp. Made fast by doubling or embracing close- ly- CLINCH'ER, 71. 1. That which clinches ; a cramp or piece of iron bent down to fasten any thing. 2. One who makes a smart reply. 3. That which makes fast. CLINCH'ER-BUiLT, or CLINK'ER-BUiLT, a. Made of clincher work. CLINCH 'ER-W6RK, a. In ship building, the disposition of the planks in the side of a boat or vessel, when the lower edge of every plank overlays the next below it, like slates on the roof of a house. CLINCH'ING, ppr. Making fast by doubling over or em- bracing closely ; griping with the fist. CLING, V. i. ; pret. and pp. clung. [Sax. clingan.] 1. To adhere closely ; to stick to ; to hold fast upon, especially by winding round or embracing. 2. To adhere closely ; to stick to. 3. To adhere closely and firmly, in interest or affection. t CLING, V. t. To dry up, or wither. Shak. CLING'ING, p7)r. Adhering closely; sticking to; winding round and holding to. CLING 'Y, c. Apt to cling ; adhesive. CLIN'IC, or CLIN'I-CAL, a. [Gr. K^iviKog.] In a general sense, pertaining to a bed. A clinical lecture is a discourse delivered at the bed side of the sick. CLIN'IC, n. One confined to the bed by sickness. CLIN'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a clinical manner ; by the bed- side. CLINK, V. t. [Sw. klinga.] To ring or jingle ; to make a small, sharp sound, or a succession of such sounds. CLINK, n. A sharp sound, made by the collision of small sonorous bodies. CLINK, V. i. To utter a small, sharp noise. Prior. CLINK'ING, ppr. Making a small, sharp sound, or succes- sion of sounds. CLINK'STONE, 7i. [clink and stone] A mineral. CLLNOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. kXivco and /utrf/ov.] An instru- ment for measuring the dip of mineral strata. *Sce Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tj, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— f Obsolete. CJLO 153 CLO CLINQ'UANT, (cKngk'ant) a. [Fr.] Dressed in tinsel fine- ry. [JVot English.] Shak. ULIP, V. t. [Sax. chjpan.] 1. To cut off with shears or scissors J to separate by a sudden stroke. 9. To diminish coin by paring tlie edge. 3. To curtail ; to cut short. 4. To confine, limit, restrain, or hold ; to hug. [Little iised.] S/iak.—To clip it, is a vulgar phrase in JVew England, for lo run with speed. «?LIP, V. i. A term in falconry. Dryden. t)LIP, n. 1. A blow or stroke with the hand. JVew England. 2. An embrace ; that is, a throwing the arms round. Sid- ney. €LIJPPED, €LIPT, pp. Cut oflT; cut short; curtailed; di- minished by paring. €LIP'PER, 71. One who clip'5 ; especially one who cuts off the edges of coin. CLIPPING, ppr. Cutting off" or shortening with shears or scissors ; diminishing coin by paring ofi" the edges ; cur- tailing. €LIP'PING, n. 1. The act of cutting off, curtailing or di- minishing. 2. That which is clipped off; a piece separat- ed by clipping. €LISH'-€LASH, v.i. To sound like the clashing of swords. €LIV ER. See Cleaver. CLiy ERS, n. A plant, the galium aparine. CLoAK. See Cloke. €LoAK'ED-LY, adv. In a concealed manner. t CLo'CHARD, n. A belfry. TVeever. CLOCK, n. [Sax. clugga ; D. klok ; G. klocke ; Dan. klokke ; Sw. klocka ; Fr. cloche ; W. cldc] 1. A machine which measures time, and its divisions. The phrases, what o'' clock is iti it is nine o'' clock, seem to be contracted from what of the clock 1 itis nine of the clock. 2. A figure or figured work in the ankle of a stocking. CLOCK, V. t. To call. See Cluck. CLOCK, V. i. To make a noise like the hen. CLOCK'-MA-KER, n. An artificer whose occupation is to t CLOCK'-SET-TER, n. One who regulates the clock. CLOCK'- Work, n. I. The machinery and movements of a clock. 2. Well adjusted work, with regular movement. Prior. CLOD, n. [D. kluit ; G. Mots.] 1. A hard lump of earth, of any kind ; a mass of earth cohering. 2. A lump or mass of metal; [little used.] 3. Turf; the ground. 4. That which is earthy, base and vile, as the body of man com- pared to his soul. 5. A dull, gross, stupid fellow ; a dolt. 6. Any thing concreted. CLOD, V. i. To collect into concretions, or a thick mass ; to coagulate. See Clot. CLOD, V. t. To pelt with clods. CLOD'DY, a. L. Consisting of clods ; abounding with clods. 2. Earthy ; mean ; gross. CLOD'HOP-PER, n. A clown ; a dolt. CLOIMPATE, n. A stupid fellow ; a dolt ; a thickskull. CLOD'PA-TED, a. Stupid ; dull ; doltish. CLOD'PoLL, n. A stupid fellow ; a dolt ; a blockhead. Shak. CLOFF, n. The same with dough. CLOG, V. t. [W. cleg.] 1. To load or fill with something that retards or hinders motion. 2. To put on any thing that encumbers, with a view to hinder or restrain leap- ing ; to shackle. 3. To load with any thing that encum- bers ; to burden ; to embarrass. 4. To obstruct natural motion, or render it difficult ; to hinder ; to impede. CLOG, V. i. 1. To coalesce ; to unite and adhere in a clus- ter or mass. 2. To form an accretion ; to be loaded or en- cumbered with extraneous matter. CLOG, n. 1. Any thing put upon an animal to hinder mo- tion, or leaping, as a piece t)f wood fastened to his leg. 2. An encumbrance ; that which hinders motion, or ren- ders it difficult ; hindrance ; impediment. 3. A wooden shoe ; also, a sort of patten worn by ladies to keep their feet dry in wet weather. CLOGGED, pp. Wearing a clog ; shackled ; obstructed ; loaded with encumbrance. CLOG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being clogged. CLOG'GING, ppr. Putting on a clog ; loading with encum- brance ; obstructing ; impeding. CLOG'GY, a. That clogs, or has power to clog ; thick ; gross. CLOIS'TER, n. [Fr. cloUre ; Sax. claustr.] 1. A monaste- ry or nunnery ; a house inhabited by monks or nuns. The principal part of a regular monastery, in which the monks meet for conversation. 2. A peristyle ; a piazza. CLOIS'TER, V. t. 1. To confine in a cloister or monastery. 2. To shut up ; to confine closely within walls ; to im- mure ; to shut up in retirement from the world. CLOIS'TER- AL, a. Confined to a cloister ; retired from the world ; recluse. Walton. CLOIS'TERED, pp. 1. Shut up in a cloister ; inhabiting a monastery. 2. a. Solitary ; retired from the world. 3. Built with peristyles or piazzas ; inclosed. CLOIS'TER-ER, n. One belonging to the cloister- CLOIS'TER-ING, ppr. Shutting up in a monastery ; confin- ing ; secluding from the world. CLOIS'TRESS, n. A nun ; a woman who has vowed reli- gious retirement. [Little used.] CLOKE, n. [Sax. lack.] 1. A loose outer garment worn over other clothes both by men and women. 2. A cover ; that which conceals ; a disguise or pretext ; an excuse ; a fair pretense. CLOKE, V. t. 1. To cover with a cloke. 2. To hide ; to conceal ; to use a false covering. CLoKE'-BAG, 71. A bag in which a cloke or other clothes are carried ; a portmanteau. CLoKED, pp. Covered with a cloke; concealed under a cover. CLoK'ING, ppr. Covering with a cloke ; hiding under an external covering. CLOMB, pret. of climb. CLONG, old part, of cling. CLON'IC, a. [Gr. k\ovos.] Shaking ; convulsive ; irregular. Coxe. CLOOM, V. t. [Sax. clcBw,an.] To close with glutinous mat- ter. [Local.] Mortimer. CLOSE, V. t. [Fr. clos.] 1. To shut ; to make fast, by pressing together, or by stopping an open place, so as to intercept a passage, in almost any manner. 2. To end ; to finish ; to conclude ; to complete ; to bring to a period ; as, to close a bargain, or contract. 3. To unite, as the parts of a breach or fracture ; to make whole ; to consoli- date. 4. To cover ; to inclose ; to encompass ; to over- whelm. 5. To inclose ; to confine. [See Inclose.] 6. To move or bring together ; to unite separate bodies or parts. CLOSE, V. i. 1. To unite ; to coalesce ; to come together, as, the parts of a wound or fracture, or parts separated 2. To end ; to terminate, or come to a period. To close on or upon, to come to a mutual agreement ; to agree on or join in.— T'o close with, to accede to ; to con- sent or agree to ; to unite with. — To close vnth, or to close in with, to unite ; to join closely ; to grapple, as persons in a contest. CLOSE, n. 1. An inclosed place ; any place surrounded by a fence or other body which defends or confines it. 2. Con- clusion ; termination ; final end. 3. A temporary finish- ing ; a pause ; rest ; cessation ; intermission. 4. The manner of shutting. 5. A grapple in wrestling. CLOSE, a. 1. Shut fast ; tight ; made fast, so as to have no opening. 2. Having parts firmly united ; compact ; dense , applied to solid substances of any kind. 3. Having parts firmly adhering ; viscous ; tenacious. 4. Confined ; stag- nant ; without ventilation or motion. 5. Confined ; re- tired. 6. Hid ; private ; secret. 7. Confined within nar- row limits ; narrow. 8. Near ; withiri a small distance. 9. Joined; in contact, or nearly so ; crowded. 10. Com- pressed, as thoughts or words ; hence, brief; concise ; op- posed to loose, or diffuse. II. Very near, in place or time , adjoining, or nearly so. 12. Having the quality of keep- ing secrets, thoughts or designs ; cautious. 13. Having an appearance of concealment ; implying art, craft or wariness. 14. Intent ; fixed ; attentive; pressing upon the object. 15. Full to the point; home; pressing. Jfi. Pressing ; earnest ; warm. 17. Confined ; secluded from communication. 18. Covetous; penurious; not liberal. 19. Applied to the weather or air, close, in popular lan- guage, denotes warm and damp, cloudy or foggy, or warm and relaxing, occasioning a sense of lassitude and depression. 20. Strictly adhering to the original. — 21. In heraldry, drawn in a coat of arms with the wings close, and in a standing posture. CLOSE, adv. Closely ; nearly ; densely ; secretly ; pressing- ly. Milton. CLoSE'-BAND-ED, a. Being in close order ; closely united.* CLoSE'-BOD-IED, a. Fitting the body exactly; setting close, as a garment. CLoSE'-COM-PACT'ED, a. Being in compact order ; com- pact. Addison. CLoSE'-COUCHED, a. Quite concealed. Milton. CLoSE'-CUR-TAINED, a. Inclosed or surrounded with curtains. €LoSE'-FIST-ED, a. Covetous ; niggardly. Berkeley. CLoSE'-HAND-ED, a. Covetous ; penurious. Hale. CLoSE'-HAND-ED-NESS, n. Covetousness. CLoSE'-HAULED, a. In seamanship, having tlie tacks or lower corners of the sails drawn close to the side to wind- ward, and the sheets hauled close aft, in sailing near the wind. CLoSE'-PENT, a Shut close. I)7-7/''e''. of cleave. Spenser. CLOVE, 77,. [D. kloof.] A cleft ; a fissure ; a gap ; a ravine It is properly a Dutch word. Joum. of Science. CLOVE, 71. [Sax. clufe.] 1. A very pungent, aromatic spice, the flower of the clove-tree, caryophyllus. 2. [From cleave.] The parts into which garlic s"eparates, when tlie outer skin is removed. 3. A certain weight ; seven pounds of wool ; eight pounds of cheese or butter. €LoVE'-6IL-LY-FL0W-ER, n. A species of dianthus, bearing a beautiful flower. CLo'VEN, (cloivn) pp. of cleave. Divided; parted. CLo'VEN-POOT-ED, ) a. Having the foot or hoof divided CLo'VEN-HOOFED, \ into two parts, as the ox ; bisul- cous= CLo'VER, or CLo'VER-GRASS, 74. [Sax. clcBfer-tovrt.] A genus of plants, called trifolium, trefoil, or three-leafed Fr. trejle. — To live in clover, is to live luxuriously, or in abundance. €rLo'VERED, a. Covered with clover. Thomson. CLOWN, n. [L. colonus.] A countryman ; a rustic ; Iience, one who has the manners of a rustic ; a churl ; a man of coarse manners ; an ill-bred man. t CLOWN'AGE, 71. The manners of a clown. See Synopsis. A, it, I, O, Vy "2, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ; ■j- Obsolete, CLU 155 COA €LOWN'ER-Y, 'n. Ill-breeding j rustic behavior ; rudeness of manners. [^Little used.'] €LOWN'ISH, a. 1. Containing clowns ; consisting of rus- tics. 2. Coarse j hard ; rugged ; rough. 3. Of rough man- ners ; ill-bred. 4. Clumsy ; awkward €LOWN'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of clowns ; coarsely j rudely. €LOWN'ISH-NESS, n. The manners of a clown ; rustici- ty ; coarseness or rudeness of behavior ; incivility j awk- wardness. CLOWN 'S-MUS'TARD, n. A plant. CLOY, V. t. [Fr. clouer.] 1 . To fill ; to glut ; to satisfy, as the appetite ; to satiate. 2. To spike up a gun ; to drive a spike into the vent.— 3. In farriery, to prick a' horse in shoeing. CLOYED, pp. Filled j glutted ; filled to satiety and lothing ; spiked ; pricked in shoeing, CLOY ING, ppr. Filling 5 filling to satiety or disgust. CLOY'LESS, a. That cannot cloy, or fill to satiety. CLOY'MENT, n. Surfeit ; repletion beyond the demands of appetite. [Liltleiised.] Shak. CLUB, n. [W. clopa, clwpa.] 1. Properly, a stick or piece of wood, with one end thicker and heavier than the other, and no larger than can be wielded with the hand. ,2. A thick, heavy stick, that may be managed with the hand, and used for beating, or defense. 3. The name of one of the suits of cards ; so named from its figure. 4. A collec- tion or assembly of men ; usually, a select number of friends met for social or literary purposes. 5. A collection of expenses ; the expenses of a company. 6. Contribu- tion ; joint charge. CLUB, V. i. [W. clapiaw.] 1. To join, as a number of in- dividuals, to the same end. 2. To pay an equal propor- tion of a common reckoning or charge. CLUB, V. t. 1. To unite difierent sums of expense in a common sum or collection. — 2. In common parlance, to raise or turn uppermost the britch or club of a musket. CLUBBED, pp. 1. Collected into a sum and averaged, as different expenses. 2. United to one end or effect. 3. Shaped like a club. 4. Having the britch turned up- wards, as a musket. 5. Heavy, like a club. CLUB BER, or CLUB'BIST, n. One who belongs to a party, club or association. Burke. CLUB'BING, ppr. Joining in a club ; uniting to a common end. CLUB'-FIST, n. A large, heavy fist. €LUB'-FIST-ED, a. Having a large fist. Hoinell. CLUB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having short or crooked feet. CLUB'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a thick head. Derham. CLUB -LAW, n. Government by clubs, or violence ; the use of arhis, or force, in place of law ; anarchy. €LUB'-MAN, n. One who carries a club. CLUB'-ROOM, n. The apartment in which a club meets. €LUB'-RUSH, n. A genus of plants, the scirpus. CLUB'-SHaPED, a. Shaped like a club ; growing thicker towards the top ; clavated. CLUCK, v.i. [Sax. cloccan.] To make the noise, or utter the voice, of the domestic hen. CLUCK, V. t. To call chickens by a particular sound. Shak. CLUCK'ING,ppr. Uttering the voice of a sitting hen ; call- ing chickens. CLUE. See Clew. CLUMP, 7?. [G. klump.] 1. A thick, short piece of wood, or other solid substance ; a shapeless mass. 2. A cluster of trees or shrubs ; formerly written plump. In some parts of Encrland, it is an adjective, signifying lazy, unhandy. CLUMP'ER, V. t. To form into clumps or masses. More. CLUMPS, 71. A stupid fellow ; a numskull. CLUM'31-LY, adv. In a clumsy manner ; awkwardly ; in an unhandy manner ; without readiness, dexterity or grace. CLUM'SI-NESS, n. The quality of being short and thick, and moving heavily ; awkwardness ; unhandiness 5 un- gainliness. CLUM'SY, a. 1. Properly, short and thick. 2. Moving heavily, slowly or awkwardly. 3. Awkward ; ungainly ; unhandy ; artless ; without readiness, dexterity or grace. 4. Ill-made ; badly constructed. CLUNCH, n. Among miners, indurated clay, found in coal pits next to the coal. Bailey. CLUNG, prct. and pp. of dins, which see. t CLUNG, w. i. To shrink. See Cling. \ CLUNG, a. Wasted with leanness ; shrunk with cold. CLu'NI-AC, n. One of a reformed order of Benedictine monks, so called from Cluni, in Burgundy. CLUS'TER, n. [Sax. cluster.] 1. A bunch ; a number of things of the same kind growing or joined together ; a knot. 2. A number of individuals or things collected or gathered into a close body. 3. A number of things situ- ated near each other. CLUS'TER, V. i. 1. To grow in clusters ; to gather or unite in a bunch, or bunches. 2. To form into flakes. 3. To collect into flocks or crowds. CLUS'TER, V. t. To collect into a bunch, or close body, CLUS'TERED, pp. Collected into a cluster, or crowd crowded. CLUS'TER-GRAPE, n. A small black grape. CLUS'TER-ING, ppr. Growing in a cluster, or in bunches ; uniting in a bunch, or in a flock, crowd, or close body. CLUS'TER-Y, a. Growing in clusters ; full of clusters. CLUTCH, V. t. 1. To double in the fingers, and pinch or compress them together ; to clinch. 2. To seize, clasp or gripe with the hand. 3. To seize, or gra'ip. CLUTCH, ?i. A griping or pinching with the fingers 5 seiz- ure ; grasp. CLUTCH'ES, plu. 1. The paws or talons of a rapacious animal, as of a cat or dog. 2. The hands, in the sense of instruments of rapacity or cruelty, or of power. CLUT'TER, n. [W. cluder.] 1. A heap or assemblage of things lying in confusion. 2. Noise ; bustle. CLUT'TER, V. t. To crowd together in disorder ; to fill with things in confusion. CLUT'TER, V. i. To make a bustle, or fill with confu- sion. CLUT'TERED, pp. Encumbered with things in disorder. CLUT'TER-lNG,pp-. Encumbering with things in confu- sion. *CLYS'TER, n. [Gr. KKvarri^.] An injection; a liquid substance injected into the lower intestines. CLYS'TER-lZE, v, i. To apply a clyster. Cotgrave. CLYS'TER-PIPE, n. A tube or pipe used for iniections. CLYS'TER-WISE, adv. In the manner of a clyster. CO, a prefix, signifying v-ith, in conjunction. See Cow. CO-A-CERV'ATE, v. t. [L. coacervo.] To heap up ; to pile iLittleused.] -A-CERV'ATE, a. [L. coacervatus.] Heaped ; raised into a pile ; collected into a crowd. [Little used.] CO-AC-EK-VA'TION, n. The act of heaping, or state of being heaped together. {Little used.] CoACH, n. [Fr. coche.] A close vehicle for commodious traveling, borne on four wheels, and drawn by horses or other annuals. It differs from a chariot in having seats in front, as well as behind. — Hackney-coacJi , a coach kejit for hire. — Mail-coach, a coach that carries the public nuiils. — Stage-coach, a coach that regularly conveys passengers from town to town. See Stage. CoACUI, or COUCH, n. An apartment ^.n a large ship of war near the stern, the roof of which is formed by the poop Mar. Diet. CoACH, v. t. To carry in a coach. Pope. t CoACH, V. i. To ride in a coach. Waterhouse. CoACH'-BOX, n. The seat on which the driver of a coach sits. Arhiithnot. CoACH'-HIRE, n. Money paid for the use of a hired coach. CoACH'-HORSE, n. A horse used in drawing coaches. CoACH'-HOUSE, n. A house to shelter a coach lioni the weather. S^icift. CoAOH'-Ma-KER, n. A man whose occupation is to make coaches. Sicift. CoACH'FUL, n. A coach filled with persons. Jiddison. CoACH'MAN, n. The person who drives a coach. CoACH'MAN-SHIP, n. Skill in driving coaches. t CO-ACT', V. i. To act together. Shak. JCO-ACT'ED, pp. or a. Forced; compelled. CO-ACTION, 7?. [L. ccactio.] Force ; compulsion, either in restraining or impelling. South. CO-ACT'lVE, a. 1. Forcing ; compulsory ; having the pow- er to impel or restrain. Raleigh. 2. Acting in concur- rence. CO-ACT'IVE-IiY, adv. In a compulsory manner. * CO-AD-Ju'aiENT, n. Mutual assistance. * €0-AD-Ju'TANT, a. [L. co7i and adjutans.] Helping; mutually assisting or operating. CO-AD-Ju'TOR, 71. 1. One who aids another ; an assist- ant ; a fellow-helper ; an associate in operation. — 2. In the canon law, one who is empowered or appoin'ed to perform the duties of another. CO-AD-JU'TOR-SHIP, n. Joint aid. CO-AD-JU'TRIX, 7). A female assistant. Smollett * CO-AD-JtJ'VAN-CY, n. Joint help ; assistance ; concur- rent aid ; co-operation. [Little used.] CO-AD'U-NATE, a. [L. coadunatus.] In botany, ccidunatc leaves are several united at the base. CO-AD-U-Ni"TION, n. The union of different substances in one mass. [Little used.] Hale. CO-AD-VENT'UR-ER, n. A fellow adventurer. CO-AF-FOR'EST, v. t. Tc convert ground into a fore^it. C0-a'6ENT, n. An assistant or associate in an act. Beaum. t CO-AG-MENT', V. t. [L. coagmento.] To congregate 01 heap together. Olanville. CO-AG-MEN-Ta'TION, 71. Collection into a mass or united body ; union ; conjunction. [Little Jised.] CO-AG-MENT'ED, a. Congregated ; heaped together; uni- ted in one mass. [Little used.] CO-AG-U-LA-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being coagu- lated. CO-AG'U-LA-BLE, a. That may be concreted : capable of See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B JJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete COA 156 COB congealing or changing from a liquid to an inspissated state. €0-AG'U-LATE, v. t. [L. coagulo.] To concrete ; to cur- dle ; to congeal • to change from a fluid into a fixed sub- stance, or solid mass. eO-AG'U-LATE, v. i. To curdle or congeal ; to turn from a fluid into a consistent state, or fixed substance; to thicken. €0-AG'U-LA-TED, pp. Concreted ; curdled. eO-AG'U-LA-TING, ppr. Curdling ; congealing. €0-AG-U-La'TION, n. The act of changing from a fluid to a fixed state ; concretion ; the state of being coagulated ; the body formed by coagulating. €0-AG'U-LA-TiVE, a. That has the power to cause con- cretion. Boyle. €0-AG'U-LA-TOR, n. That which causes coagulation. €0-AG'U-LUM, 71. Rennet ; curd ; the clot of blood, sepa- rated by cold, acid, &c. CO-A'I-TJ, 71. A species of monkey in South America. eoAK. See Coke. €oAL, 71. [Sax. col, or coll.] 1. A piece of wood, or other combustible substance, ignited, burning, or charred. 2. In tlie language of chemists, any substance containing oil, which has been exposed to a fire in a close vessel, so that its volatile matter is expelled, and it can sustain a red heat without further decomposition. — 3. In mineralogy, a sol- id, opaque, inflammable substance, found in the earth, and, by way of distinction, cbWqA fossil coal. CoAL, v.t. 1. To burn to coal, or charcoal ; to char. 2. To mark or delineate with cliarcoal. t^oAL'-BLA€K, a. Black as a coal ; very black. €oAL'-BOX, 71. A box to carry coal to the fire. Swift. €OAL'-FISH, n. A species of gadus, or cod. €oAL'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed for keeping coal. €oAL'-MINE, n. A mine or pit in which coal is dug. €'oAL'-MiN'ER, n. One who works in a coal-mine. €oAL'-MOUSE, n. A small species of tit-mouse, with a black head. €oAiy-PIT, n. A pit where coal is dug.— In America, a place where charcoal is made. €oAL'-SHIF, n. A ship employed in transporting coal. CoAL'-STONE, n. A kind of cannel-coal. €oAL'-W6RK, ?i. Accalery; a place where coal is dug, including tlie machmery for raismg the coal. €oAL'ER-Y, 71. A coal-mine, coal-pit, or place where coals are dug. €0-A-LESCE', (ko-a-less') v. i. [L. coalesce] I. To grow together ; to unite, as separate bodies, or separate parts, into one body. 2. I'o unite and adhere in one body or mass, by spontaneous approximation or attraction. 3. To unite in society, in a more general sense. eO-A-LES'CENCE, n. The act of growing together ; the act of uniting by natural affinity or attraction ; the state of being united ; union ; concretion. eO-A-LES'CENT, a. Joined ; united. eO-A-LES'CING, ppr. Growing or coming together; unit- ing in a body or mass ; uniting and adhering together. eoAL'IER, or CoAE'LIER. See Collier. t€0'A-LITE, t;. i. To unite or coalesce. Bolinghroke. €0-A-Li"TION, 7(. 1. Union in a body or mass ; a coming together, as of separate bodies or parts, and their union in one body or mass. 2 Union of individual persons, par- ties or states. CO-Ali-LY', n. A joint ally ; a3, the subject of a co-ally. Kent._ eoAL'5f, a. Like coal ; containing coal. Milton eoAM'INGS, n In ships, the raised borders or edges of the hatches. €0-AP-PRE-HEND', v. t. To apprehend with another. [Little used.l Brown. eO-AP-TA'TIDN, 71. The adaptation or adjustment of parts to each other. Boyle. CO-aRCT', ; V. t. [L. coarcto.] l.,To press together; €0-aR€'TATE, \ to crowd ; to straiten ; to confine close- ly. 2. To restrain ; to confine. €0-AR€-TA'Ti:ON, 7i. 1. Confinement ; restraint to a nar- row space. 2. Pressure ; contraction. 3. Restraint of liberty. CoARSE, a. 1. Thick ; large or gross in bulk ; compara- tively of large diameter. 2 Thick ; rough ; or made of coarse thread or yarn 3. Not refined ; not separated from grosser particles or impurities. 4. Rude ; rough ; unrefined; uncivil. 5. Gross; not delicate. 6. Rude; rough ; unpolished ; inelegant. 7. Not nicely expert ; not accomplished by art or education. 8. Mean ; not nice ; not refined or elegant. CoARSE'LY, adv. Roughly ; without fineness or refine- n.ent ; rudely ; inelegantly ; uncivilly ; meanly ; without art or polish. CoARSE'NESS, n. 1. Largeness of size ; thickness. 2. The quality of bemg made of coarse thread or yarn ; whence thickness and roughness. 3. Unrefined state ; the state of being mixed with gross particles or impurities. 4. Roughness ; grossness ; rudeness. 5. Grossness ; want of refinement or delicacy ; want of polish. 6 Meanness want of art in preparation ; want of nicety. €0-AS-SES'SOR, n. A joint assessor. €0-AS-SuME', V. t. To assume something fi^ith another Walsall. €oAST, n. [L. casta ; W. cost ; Fr. cote.] 1. The exteri- or line, lunit or border of a country. 2. The edge or margin of the land next to the sea ; the seasliore. 3. A side. 4. The country near the sea-shore. — The coast is clear is a proverbial phrase, signifying, the danger is over ; the enemies have marched off", or left the coast. €oAST, V i 1. To sail near a coast ; to sail by or near the shore, or in sight of land. 2. To sail from port to port in the same country. Coast, v. t. l. To saU by or near to. 2. To draw near ; to approach ; to follow ; [obs.] CoAST'ED, pp. Sailed by. CoAST'ER, 71. 1. One who sails near the shore. 2. A vessel that ia employed in sailing along a coast, or is li- censed to navigate or trade from port to port in the same country. CoAST'ING, ]yr. Sailing along or near a coast. CoAST'ING-Pl'LOT, n. A pilot who conducts vessels along a coast. CoAST'ING-TRADE, n. The trade which is carried on be- tween the different ports of the same country. CoAST'ING-VES'SEL, n. A vessel employed in coasting ; a coaster. CoAT, 7(. [Fr. cotte.] 1. An upper garment. 2. A petti- coat ; a gannent worn by infants or young chDdren. 3. The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the or- der or olfice. 4. External covering, as the fur or hair of a beast. 5. A tunic of the eye ; a membrane that serves as a cover ; a tegument. 6. The division or layer of a bulbous root. 7. A cover ; a layer of any substance cov- ering another. 8. That on which ensigns armorial are portrayed, usually called a coat of arms. 9. A coat of mail is a piece of armor, in form of a shut, consisting of h net-work of iron rings. 10. A card ; a coat-card is one on which a king, queen or knave is painted. CoAT, v.t. 1. To cover or spread over with a layer of any substance. 2. To cover with cloth or canvas. CoAT'-AR-MOR, n. A coat of arms; armorial ensigns. €oAT'-€ARD, n. [From the dress or coat in which the king, queen and knave are represented-] A card ; called, also, court-card. B. Jonson. CoAT'ED, pp. 1. Covered with a coat ; loricated ; covered or overspread with any thing that defends ; clothed with a membrane. 2. Having concentric coats or layers. COATI, 7^. An animal of South America, resembling the racoon, but with a longer body and neck, shorter fur, and smaller eyes. CoAT'ING, ppr. Covering with a coat ; overspreading. COATING, 71. 1. A covering, or the act of covering ; lorica- tion ; any substance spread over for cover or defense. 2, Cloth for coats ; as, merchants advertise an assortment of coatings. €oAX, (koks) V. t. [W. cocni.] To wheedle ; to flatter ; to soothe, appease or persuade by flattery and fondling. [Ji low word.] fCoAX, n. A dupe. Beaumont and Fletcher. fCOAX-A'TION, 71. The art of coaxing. Coaxed, pp. soothed or persuaded by flattery. CoAX'ER, n. A wheedler ; a flatterer. COAX'ING, pjjr. Wheedlmg ; flattering. COB, 71. [W. col), or cop.] 1. The top or head ; a covetous wretch ; a foreign coin. 2. In America, the receptacle of the maize, or American corn ; a shoot in form of a pin or spike, on which grows the corn in rows. This recepta- cle, with the corn, is called the car. 3. [It. gahbluno.] A sea-fowl, the sea-cob. 4. A ball or pellet for feeding fowls. 5. li\ some parts of En gland, diST^iAex. 6. Ahorse not castrated ; a strong poney. COB, V. t. In seanieji^s language, to punish by striking the breech with a flat piece of wood, or with a board. * Co'BALT, n. [D. cobalt.] A mineral of a reddish-gray or grayish-white color. — Cobalt-bloom, acicular arseniate of cobalt. — Cobalt-crust, earthy arseniate of cobalt. CO-BALT'IC, a. Pertaining to cobalt, or consisting of it ; resembling cobalt, or containing it. COB'BLE,orCOB'BLE-STONE,7i. rEng. copple.] A round- ish stone ; a pebble ; supposed to be a fragment, rounded by tlie attrition of water. We give this name to stones of various sizes, from that of a hen's egg, or smaller, to that of large paving stones. These stones are called by the English copple-stones, and bowlder-stones, or bowl- ders. COB'BLE, V. t. 1. To ro^ke or mend coarsely, as shoes ; to botch. 2. To make or do clumsily or unhandily. Dry- den. COB'BLER, 71. 1. A mender of shoes. 2. A clumsy work man. 3. A mean person. COB'BLING, ppr. Mending coarsely. t COB'BY, a. Stout ; brisk. Chaucer. * See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Y, long^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE Y ;— PIN, MARINE, EiRT) ; t Obsolete coc 157 COE €OB'€AL, n. A sandal worn by ladies in the East. eOB'€oALS, n. Large round coals. CO-BEL-LIG'ER-ENT, a. Carrying on war in conjunction with another power. eO-BEL-LlO'ER-ENT, n. A nation or state that carries on war in connection with another. €OB'I-RON, n. An andiron with a linob at the top. €0-BISH OP, n. A joint or coadjutant bishop. Co'BLE, w. [Sax. cuople.] A boat used in the herring fish- ery. eOB'LoAP, n. A loaf that is irregular, uneven or crusty. eOB'NUTj n. A boy's play, or a hazel-nut ; the conquer- ing nut. €0-BOB'. See Cab OB. €0-BOOSE' See Caboose. eOB'STONE See Cobble. eOB'SWAN, n. The head or leading swan. eOB'WEB, n [cob, or koppe.] 1. The line, thread or fila- ment which a spider spins from its abdomen ; the net- work spread by a spider to catch its prey. 2. Any snare, implying insidiousness and weakness. — In this sense it is iLscd adjectivehj, or in composition, for thin, flimsy, slender, feeble. Sioift. eOB'WEBBED, a. 1. In botany, covered with a thick inter- woven pubescence. 2. Covered with cobwebs. €o'CA. See Cacoa and Cocoa. CO'CA-LON, n. A large cocoon, of a weak texture. €Oe-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. coccus and fero.] Bearing or pro- ducing berries. €0€'€0-LlTE, n. [Gr. kokkos andXidog.] A variety of au- gite or pyroxene. €Oe'€U-LUS IN'DI-€US. The fruit of the menispermum cocciilus, a poisonous berry. eOC'GYX, 71. [L.] In anatomy, a bone joined to the ex- tremity of the OS sacrum. * eOCH I-NEAL, n. [Sp. coclmiilla.] An insect, the coccus cacti, of the genus coccus. These insects form a mass or drug, which is the proper cochineal of the shops. It is used in giving red colors, especially crimson and scarlet, and for making carmine. rOpS'l'F'A^/' I ^' L^-^- cochlea.] Having the form of a eOCH LE-A-TED J screw ; spiral ; turbinated. COeU'LITE, n. [Gr. Kox^iag.] A fossil shell. COCK, n. [Sax. coc ,• Fr. coq.] 1. The male of birds, par- ticularly of gallinaceous or dcimestic fowls. 2. A weath- er-cock ; a vane in shape of a cock. 3. A spout ; an in- strument to draw out or discharge liquor from a cask, vat or pipe ; so named from its projection. 4. The projecting corner of a hat. 5. A small conical pile of hay, so shaped for shedding rain ; called in England a cop. (5. The style or gnomon of a dial. 7. The needle of a balance. 8. The piece which covers the balance in a clock or watch. 9. [It. cocca.] The notch of an arrow. 10. The part of a musket or other fire arm, to which a flint is attached, and which, being impelled by a spring, strilvos fire. 11. A small boat. [W. cicc ; It. cocca.] It is now called a cock- boat. 12. A leader; a chief man. 13. Cock-crowing; the time when cocks crow in the morning.— C'ocA; a hoop, or cock on the hoop, a phrase denoting triumph ; triumph- ant; exulting. — Cock and a bull, a phrase denoting te- dious trifling stories. eOCK, V. t. 1. To set erect ; to turn up. 2. To set the brim of a hat so as to make sharp corners or points ; or to set up with an air of pertness. 3. To make up hay in Small conical piles. 4. To set or draw back the cock of a gun, in order to fire. eOCK, V. i. To hold up the head ; to strut ; to look big, pert, or menacing. 2. To train or use fighting cocks ; [little_used.] 3. To cocker ; [not in use.] COCK-aDE', n. [Fr. cocarde.] A riband or knot of riband, or something similar, worn on the hat, usually by officers of the army or navy, sometimes by others. COCK-aD'ED, a. Wearing a cockade. Young . €;0€K'AL, n. A game called huckle-honc. Kinder. €0€K-A-TOO', n. A bird of the parrot kind. Herbert. COCK'A-TRICE, n. [Fr. cocatrix.] A serpent imagined to proceed from a cock's egg. GOCK-BILL. In scamen^s language, the anchor is a cock- bill, when it is suspended perpe°ndicularly from the cat- head, ready to be let go in a moment. COCK -Boat, 71. A small boat. See Cock, JVo. 11. COCK -BRAINED, a. Giddy; rash. Milton. COCK'-BROTH, n. Broth made by boiling a cock. eOCK'-CHAF-FER, n. The May-bug or dorr-beetle, a spe- cies of scarabcBUS. CoeK'-eRoW-ING, 71. 'The time at which cocks crow; early n)orning» eOCK'ER, V. t. [W. cocru.] To fondle ; to indulge : to treat with tenderness ; to pamper. eOCK'ER, 71. 1. One who follows cock-fighting. 2. A sort of spatter-dash. €0€K'ER-EL, n. A young cock. Dryden. €0€KER-ING, n. Indulgence. Milton. COCK'ET, a. Brisk; pert. Sherwood. COCK'ET, n. A seal of the custom-house ; a royal seal , rather a scroll of parchment, sealed and delivered by the oflicers of the custom-house to merchants, as a warrant that their merchandise is entered. The ofiice of entry. €OCK'ET-BRE AD, n. The finest sort of tvJieat bread. €0€K'-FlGHT-ING ( "' -^ "^^^tch or contest of cocks. eOCK'-HORSE, a. On horse back; triumphant; exult- ing. . €0€K'ING, n. Cock-fighting. Beaumont. €0€?KLE, n. [Sax. coccol.] A plant or weed. COCKLE, n. [Fr. coque, coquille.] 1. A small testaceous shell ; or rather a genus of shells, the cardium. 2. A min- eral. 3. A young cock ; [ohs ;] see Cockerel. COCKLE, V. i. or t. To contract into wrinkles ; to shrink, pucker, or wrinkle, as cloth. COCKLED, pp. 1. Contracted into folds or wrinkles winding. 2. Having shells. COCK.LER, 7^. One that takes and sells cockles. COCKLE-STAIRS, n. Winding or spiral stairs. €0€K'-LOFT, 71. The top-loft ; tije upper room in a house or other building ; a lumber room. €0€K'-MAS-TER, n. One who breeds game cocks. COCK'-MATCH, n. A match of cocks ; a cock-fight. eOCK'NEY, n. [most probably from L. coquina, a kitchen, or coquino, to cook.] 1. A native of Iflndon, by way of contempt. 2. An effeminate, ignorant, despicable citizen. €OCK'NEY-LlKE, a. Resembling the manners of a coc-k- ney. COCK'-PAD-DLE, n. The lump-fish or sea-owl. Encyc. COCK'PIT 71. L A pit or area, where game cocks fight. — 2. In ships of war, a ^oom or apartment, in which the wounded men are dressed. COCK'RoACH, n. A genus of insects, the blatta. COCKS'CoMB, n. 1. The caruncle or comb of a cock. 2. A plant. 3. A fop, or vain silly fellow. See Coxcomb. GOCKS'HEAD, 71. A plant, the hedysarum or s-iivfoiii. COCK'SHUT, 71. The. close of the day, when fowls go to roost, COCK'SPUR, 71. Virginia hawthorn, a species of medlar. COCK'SURE. a. Confidently certain. [A low word.] * COCK'SWAIN, n. [in familiar speech, contracted into cozen.] An officer on board of a ship who has the care of the boat and the boat's crew. COCK'- WEED, 71. A plant, called also dittander and pepper- wort. Co'COA, (coco) 71. [Sp. coco.] A tree belonging to the genus cocos, of the order of palmcB ,• and the fruit or nut of the tree. Co'COA-NUT, n. The nut or fruit of the cocoa-tree. CO-COON', n. [Fr. eoco7«.J An oblong ball or case in which the silk-worm involves itself. COCTlLE, a. [L. coctilis.] Made by baking, or exposing COCTIO'n, n. [L. coctio.] The act of boiling or exposing to heat in liquor. — In medicine, that alteration in tlie crude matter of a disease, which fits it for a discharge ; diges- tion. COD, or COD'FISH, n. A species of fish, of the genus gadus, inhabiting northern seas. COD, 71. [Sax. codd.] 1. Any husk, envelop or case, con- taining the seeds of a plant ; a pod. 2. A bag ; the scro- tum. 3. A pillow ; [not in use.] t COD, V. i. To inclose in a cod. Mortimer. COD'DED, a. Inclosed in a cod. Mortimer. COD'DER, n. A gatherer of cods or peas. Johnson COD'DY, a. Husky. Sherwood CODE, n. [L. codex, or caudex ; Fr. code.] 1. A collection of the laws and constitutions of the Roman emperors. 2. Any collection or digest of laws. C0D'6ER, n. A rustic ; a clown ; a miserly man. eOD'I-CIL, 71. [L. codicillvs.] A writing by way of sup- plement to a will. COD-I-CIL'LA-RY, a. Of the nature of a codicil. CO-DILLE', (co-dill') n. [Fr. codille.] A term at ombre, when the game is won. COD'LE, or COD'DLE, (kod'dl) v. t. To parboil, or soften by the heat of water. t COD'LE, V t. To make much of. COD'LING, or COI^LIN, n. An apple codled ; or one suit- able for codling, or used for that purpose. COD'LING, 71. A young cod. CO-EF-'FI-CA-CY, n. Joint efficacy. CO-EF-Fl"CIEN-CY, n. Cooperation ; joint power of two or more things or causes, acting to the same end. €0-EF-Fl"CIENT, a. Cooperating ; acting in union to the same end. eO-EF-FI"CIENT, n. 1. That which unites i«, action with something else to produce the same effect. — 3. In algebra, a number or known quantity put before letters, or quanti- ties, known or unknown, and into which it is supposed to be multiplied. — 3. In fluxions, the coefficient of any * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete COF 158 COG generating term is the quantity which arises from the di- vision of that terni by tlie generated (luantity. €0-EF-FI"CIENT-LY, adv. By cooperation. €0-ELD'ER, 71. An elder of the same ranlc. Trapp. COS'LI-Ae, or CE'U-A€, a. [Gr. koiXiukos.] Pertaining to the belly, or to the intestinal canal. — Cmliac artery is the artery which issues from the aorta just below the dia- phragm. — Cadiac passion, the lientery, a flux or diarrhea of undigested food. — Cmliac vein, a vein of the intestinum rectum. eO-EMP'TION, 71. [L. coemptio.] The act of purchasing the whole quantity of any commodity. eO-EN-JOY', V. t. To enjoy together. Howell. €C)-E'Q,UAL, a. [L. con and equalis.j Equal with another person or thing ; of the same rank, dignity or power. €U-K'(iUAL, 71. One who is equal to another. €0-E-aUAL'I-TY, n. The state of being equal with an- other ; equality in rank, dignity or power. €0-E'aUAL-LY, adv. With joint equality. €0-ERCE', (co-ers') v. t. [L. cuercco.] 1. To restrain by force J to keep from acting, or transgressing ; to repress. 2. To compel ; to constrahi. Dmght. €0-ER'eED, (co-ersf) pp. Restrained by force ; compelled. €0-ER'CI-BLE, a. That may or ought to be restrained or compelled. eO-ER'CENG, ppr. Restraining by force; constraining. €0-ER'CION, 71. Restraint, check, particularly by law or authority ; compulsion ; force. €0-ER'CIVE, a. 1. That has power to restrain, particularly by moral force, as of law or authority. 2. Compulsory ; constraining ; forcing. €0-ER'CIVE-LY, adv. By constraint. €0-ES-SEN'TlAL, a. Partaking of the same essence. €0-ES-SEN-TIAL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same es- sence. €0-ES-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In a coessential manner. €0-E-STAB'LISH-MENT, n. Joint establishment. €0-E-Ta'NE OUS, a. [L. coataneus ; coetanean is rarely used.] Of the same age with another ; beginning to exist at the same time. €0-E-TER]V)'AL, a. Equally eternal with another. eO-E-TERN'AL-LY, adv. With equal eternity. eO-E-TERN'I-TY, n. Existence from eternity equal with another eternal being ; equal eternity. €0-E'VAL, a. [L.cocBVus.] Of the same age ; beginning to exist at the same time ; of equal age. eO-E'VAL, 71. One of the same age ; one who begins to exist at the same time. €0-E'VOUS, a. The same as coeval, but not used. €0-EX-E€'U-TOR, n. A joint executor. €0-EX-IST', V. i. To exist at the same time with another. eO-EX-IST'ENCE, n. Existence at the same time with an- other. €0-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing at the same time with an- other. €0-EX-TEND', v. i. To extend through the same space or duration with another; to extend equally. €0-EX-TEND'ED, pp. Being equally extended. €0-EX-TEND'ING, ppr. Extending through the same space or duration with another. €0-EX-TEN'SION, n. The act of extending equally, or the state of being equally extended. Hale. €0-EX-TEWSIVE, a. Equally extensive; having equal cxt6nt €0-EX-TEN'SIVE-NESS, n. Equal extension or extent. eOF'FEE, 71. [Fr. caffe ; It. cafe ,-, Sp. cafe.] 1. The berry of a tree belonging to the genus coffea, growing in Arabia, Persia, and in other warm climates of Asia and America. 2. A drink made from the berry of the cofFee-tree, by de- coction. €OFiFEE-€UP, n. A cup from which coffee is drank. €0F'FEE-I]0USE, n. I. A house of entertainment, where guests are supplied witli coffee and other refreshments. 2. A house of entertainment ; an inn ; which in some cities is also an exchange. €OF'FEE-MAN, n. One who keeps a coffee-house. €OF'FEE-POT, n. A covered pot in which coffee is boiled, or in which it is brought upon the table for drinking. COFFER, 71. [Fr.cuffre.] 1. A chest or trunk. 2. A chest of money ; a treasure.— 3. In architecture, a square de- pression or sinking in each interval between the modil- lions of the Corinthian cornice. — 4. In fortification, a hol- low lodgment across a dry moat, from 6 to 7 feet deep, and from 16 to 18 broad. COF FER, v. t. To reposit or lay up in a coffer. COF'FERED, pp. Laid up in a coffer. eOP'FER-ER, 71. The cofferer of the king's household in Great Britain was a principal officer of the court, next under the controller. COF'FIN, 71. [Fr. coffre.] 1 The chest or box in which a dead human body is buried, or deposited in a vault. 2. A jjiold of paste for a pie. 3. A paper case, in the form of a cone, used by grocers. — 4. In farriery, the hollow part of a horse's hoof; or the whole hoof above the coronet, in- cluding the coffin-bone, which is a small spungy bone ia the midst of the hoof. COF'FIN, V. t. To put in or inclose in a coffin. COF'FINEB^ pp. Inclosed in a coffm. COF'FIN-Ma-KER, n. One who makes, or whose occupa- tion is to make coffins. CO-FOUND'ER, n. A joint founder. Weever. COG. v.t. [W. coegiaw.] 1. To flatter; to wheedle; to setiuce or draw from, by adulation or artifice. 2. To ob- trude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception. — To cog a die, to secure it so as to direct its fall ; to falsify ; to cheat in playing dice. COG, V. i. 1. To deceive ; to cheat ; to lie. Shak. 2. To wJieedle. COG, n. [W. cocos.] The tooth of a wheel, by which it drives another wheel or body. COG, V. t. To fix a cog ; to furnish with cogs. COG'- WHEEL, 71. A wheel furnished with cogs, by whicli it drives another wneel . COG, or COG'GLE, n. A boat; a fishing boat. CO'GEN-CY, n. [L. cogens.] Force ; strength ; power of compelling ; literally, urgency, or driving. t CO-Ge'NI-AL, for congenial. Warton. CO'GENT, a. [See Cogency.] 1. Forcible, in a physical sense. 2. Urgent ; pressing on the mind ; forcible ; pow- erful ; not easily resisted. Co'6ENT-LY, adv. With urgent force ; with powerful im- pulse ; forcibly. Locke. COGGED, pp. Flattered ; deceived ; cheated ; thrust in deceitfully ; falsified ; furnished with cogs. COG'GER, n. A flatterer, or deceiver. COG'GER-Y, n. Trick ; falsehood. Watson. COG'GING, ppr. Wheedling; deceiving; cheating; in- serting deceitfully ; fixing cogs. COG'GING, n. Cneat ; deception ; fallacy. Beaumont. COG'GLE-STONE, n. A small pebble. COG'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be thought on ; that may be meditated on. Johnson. GOG'I-TATE, V. i. [L. cogito.] To think ; to meditate [Little used.] COG-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of thinking ; thought ; med- itation ; contemplation. 2. Thought diiected to an ob- ject; purpose. COG'I-TA-TIV^E, a. 1. Thinking; having the power of thinking, or meditating. 2. Given to thought, or contem- plation. COG'NATE, a. [h.cognatus.j 1. Allied by blood; kindred by birth. 2. Related in origm ; proceeding from the same stock; of the same family. 3. Allied in the manner of formation or utterance ; uttered by the same organs. COG'JNATE, 71. In Scots law, any male relation through the mother. COG-Na'TION, n. [L. cognatio.] 1. In the civil law, kin- dred or natural relation between males and females, both descended from the same father ; as agnation is the rela- tion between males only descended from the same stock. 2. Kindred ; relation by descent from the same original. 3. Relation ; participation of the same nature. C0G-Ni"T10N, n. [L, cognitio.] Knowledge or certain knowledge, as from personal view or experience. COG NI-TlVEj a. Knowing, or apprehending by the un- derstanding. [Little used.] South. * COG'NI-ZA-RLE, or COGN'I-ZA-BLE, a. [Fr. connds- sable.] 1. That falls under judicial notice ; that maybe heard, tried and determined. 2. That falls or may fall under notice or observation ; that may be known, per- ceived or apprehended. * COG'NI-ZANCE, or COGN'I-ZANCE, n. [Fr. connois- sance.] 1. Judicial notice or knowledge ; the hearing, trying and determining of a cause in court. 2. Jurisdiction, or right to try and determine causes.— 3. In law, an acknowl- edgment or confession. 4. Abadgeonthe sleeve of a water- man or servant, by which he is known to belong to this or that nobleman or gentleman. 5. Knowledge or notice , perception ; observation. 6. Knowledge by recollection. * COG-NI-ZEE', or COGN-I-ZEE', n. One to whom a fine is acknowledged, or the plaintiff in an action for the assurance of land by fine. * COG-NI-ZOR', or COGN-I-ZOR', n. One who acknowl- edges the right of the cognizee, in a fine ; otherwise called the defendant, or deforciant. €OG-NOM'I-NAL, a. [L. cognomen.] 1 Pertaining to a surname. 2. Having the same name. [Little used.] t COG-NOM'I-NATE, v. t. To give a name. Coekeram. COG-NOM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. cognomen.]. A surname, the name of a family ; a name given from any accident or quality ; as, Alexander the Great. COG-NOS'CENCE, n. Knowledge ; the act or state of knowing. Little used.] COG-NOS'CENTE, n. [It. plu. cognoscenti.] One who is well versed in any thing ; a connoisseur. t eOG-NOS-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being cognos- cible. eOG-NOS'CI-BLE, a. That may be known. [L. u.] Hale * See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, t!, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— 1; .Obsolete. COI 159 COL eOG-NOS'CI-'nVE, a. Having the power of knowing. €OGUAR, w. A camivorous quadruped of America. €0-GUARD'I-AN, n. A joint guardian. Kent. €0-HAB'IT, V. i. 1. To dwell with ; to inhabit or reside in company, or in the same place, or country. 2. To dw^ell or live together as husband and wife j usually or often applied to persons not legally married. eO-HAB'I-TANT, n. One who dwells with anotlier, or in the same place. eO-HAB-I-TA'TION, n. 1. The act or state of dwelling together or in the same place with another. 2. The state of living together as man and wife, without being legally married. eO-HEIR', (ko-air') n. fL. cohasres.j A joint heir ; one who succeeds to a share of an inheritance, which is to be divided among two or more. eO-HEIR'ESS, (ko-air'es) n. A female who inherits a share of an estate, which is to be divided among two or more heirs or heiresses ; a joint heiress. CO-HeRE', v. i. [L. cohmreo.'] 1. To stick together ; to cleave ; to be united ; to hold fast, as parts of the same mass. 2. To be well connected ; to follow regularly in the natural order ; to be suited in connection ; as the parts of a jiiscourse. 3. To suit ; to be fitted ; to agree. €0-He'RENCE, )n. 1. A sticking, cleaving or hanging eO -He'REN-CY, \ together ; union of parts of the same body, or a cleaving together of two bodies, by means of attraction. Locke. 2. Connection ; suitable connection or dependence, proceeding from the natural relation of parts or thinjfs to each other, as in the parts of a discourse ; consistency. Locke. €0-He'RENT, a. 1. Sticking together ; cleaving ; as the parts of bodies, solid or liuid. 2. Connected ; united, by some relation in form or order. 3. Suitable, or suited ; regularly adapted. 4. Consistent; having a due agree- ineiit of parts. €0-He'RENT-LY, adv. In a coherent manner; with due connection or agreement of parts. eO-HE-Sl-BIL'I-TY, n. The tendency of one part of mat- ter to unite with another. eO-HE'SI-BLE, a. Capable of cohesion. eO-I-lE'SION, n. [It. coesione.1 1. The act of sticking to- gether; the state of being united by natural attraction, as the constituent particles of bodies which unite in a mass, by a natural tendency ; one of the different species of at- traction. 2. Connection ; dependence ; as the cohesion of ideas. But in this sense, see Coherence. CO-HE'SIVE, a. That has the power of sticking or cohe- ring ; tending to unite in a mass, and to resist separation. eO-HE'SIVE-LY, adv. With cohesion. CO-He'SIVE-NESS, 71. The quality of being cohesive; the quality of adhering together, as particles of matter. t eO-HIB'IT, V. t. [L, coMbeo.l To restrain. t €0-HI-Bl"TION, n. [L. cohibitio.] Hindrance ; restraint. eo'HO-BATE, V. t. [Port. cohorar.'\ Among chemists, to repeat the distillation of the same liquor, or that from the Hame body, pouring the liquor back upon the matter re- maining in the vessel. eo'HO-BA-TED, pp. Repeatedly distilled. €O'H0-BA-TING, ppr. Distilling repeatedly. €0-I-IO-Ba'TION, n. [Sp. cohobacion.] The operation of repeatedly distilling the same liquor, or that from the same substance. €0-HoES', or CO-HoZE', n. A fall of water, or falls ; a word of Indian origin in America. eO'IIORT, n. [L. cohors ; Fr. cohortc.'\ 1. Among the Ro- mans, a body of about five or six hundred men. — 2. In poetry, a band or body of waiTiors. t €0-HOR-Ta'TION, n. Exhortation ; encouragement. €OIF, n. [Fr. coiffe.^ A kind of caul, or cap, worn on the head. €OIF, V. t. To cover or dress with a coif. eOIFED, a. Wearing a coif. eOIF'FURE, n. [Fr.] A head-dress. Addison. eOIGNE, for coin. See Coin, a corner. COIGNE, or COIN'Y, v.i. To live by extortion. [An Irish -word.] Bryskett. €01L, V. t. [Fr. cueillir.'] To gather,. as a line or cord into a circular form ; to wind into a ring, as a serpent, or a rope. €OIL, n. 1. A rope gathered into a ring. 2. A noise, tu- mult, bustle ; [710* iised.'] Bailey. COILED, pp. Gathered into a circular form, as a rope or a serpent. eOTLTNG, ppr. Gathering or winding into a ring or circle. COIN, 71. [Fr. coiTi.] 1. A corner; a jutting point, as of a wall. 2. A wedge for raising or lowering a piece of ord- nance. 3. A wedge or piece of wood to lay between casks on shipboard. COIN, n. [Sp. cuna ; Fr. coin.} 1. Money stamped ; a piece of metal, as gold, silver, copper, or other metal, converted into money, by impressing on it marks, figures or characters. — Current coin is coin legally stamped, and circulating in \xSiAe.— Ancient coins are chiefly those of the Jews, Greeks and Romans, wliich are kept in cabinets as curiosities.— 2. In architecture, a kind of die cut diagonally, after the manner of a flight of a stair-case. 3. That which serves for payment. COIN, V. t.' 1. To stamp a metal, and convert it into money ; to mint. 2. Tu make. 3. To make ; to forge ; to fabricate. Dryden. €0IN'A6E, or COIN'ING, n. ] . The act, art or practice of stamping money. 2. Coin ; money coined ; stamped and legitimated metal for a ciiculating medium. 3. Coins of a particular stamp. 4. The charges or expense of coining money. 5. A making ; new production ; form- ation. 6. Invention ; forgery ; fabrication. €0-IN-ClDE', V. i. [Low L. coincide.] 1. To fall or to met t in the same point, as two lines, or bodies ; followed by with. 2. To concur ; to be consistent with ; to ajf.ee. €0-IN'CI-DENCE, n. 1. The falling or meeting of tv^^o or more lines, surfaces or bodies in the same pouit. 2. Con- currence ; consistency ; agreement. 3. A meeting of events in time; concurrence; a happening at the saiiie time, €0-IN'Cl-DENT, a. 1, Falling on. the same point ; meeting as lines, surfaces or bodies. 2. Concurrent ; consistent agreeable to. €0-iN-ClD'ER, 71. He or that which coincides or concurs. CO-IN-ClD'ING, ppr. Meeting in the same point ; agreeing ; concurring^ C0-IN-DI-€a'TI0N, 71. [L. con and indicatio.] In medicine, a sign or symptom, which, with other signs, assists to siiow the nature of the disease, and the proper remedy ; a concurrent sign or symptom. €OINFD, pp. Struck or stamped, as money ; made ; invent- ed ; forged. COIN'ER, n. 1. One who stamps coin ; a minter ; a mfiker of money. 2. A counterfeiter of the legal coin ; a maker of base money. 3. An inventor or maker, as of words. COIN 'ING, ;*;?r. 'Stamping money; making; inventing; forging ; fabricating. t€0-IN'aUI-NATE, v. t. [L. coinquino.'] To pollute. t€0-iN-aUI-NA'TI0N, n. Defilement. €0IS'TRIL, n. I. A coward; a runaway. Shak. 2. A young lad. €OIT, 71. A quoit, which see. COIT'ING. See auoix. CO-l"TION, 71. [L. coitio.] A coming together ; chiefly the venereal intercom-se of the sexes ; copulation. CO-JOIN', w, i. [li. conjungo .] To join with another in the same office, [Little used!] Shak. CO-Ju'ROR, n. One who swears to another's credibilitj'. COKE, 71. Fossil coal charred, or deprived of its bitumen, sulphur, or other extraneous or volatile mjitter, by fire. €oL'AN-DER, 71. [L. colo.] A vessel with a bott.;m perfo- rated with little holes for straining liquors. In America, this name is given, I believe, exclusively to a vessel of tin, or other metal. In Great Britain, the name is given to vessels, like sieves, made with Iiair, osiers or twigs Dryden. €0-La'TION, 71. The act of straining, or purifying liquor^ by passing it through a perforated vessel' [Little used.] €OL'A-TURE, n. The act of straining; the matter strain. [Little used.] COL'BER-TINE, 71. A kind of lace worn by women. €OL'€0-THAR, n. The brown-red oxyd of iron which re- mains after the distillation of the acid from sulphate of iron. CoLD, a. [Sax, cald.\ 1. Not warm or hot ; gelid ; frigid ; a relative term. 2. Having the sensation of cold ; chill , shivering, or inclined to shiver. 3. Having cold qualities 4. -Frigid ; wanting passion, zeal or ardor ; indifferent , unconcerned ; not animated, or easily excited into action. 5. Not moving; unaflecting ; not animated ; not able to excite feeling ; spiritless, 6 Reserved ; coy ; not affec- tionate, cordial or friendly ; indicating indifference. 7. Not heated by sensual desire. 8. Not hasty ; not vio lent. 9. Not affecting the scent strongly. 10. Not having the scent strongly affected. Shak. €oLD, 71. [Sax. cele, cyl, cyle.] \. The sensation produced in anim.al bodies by the escape of heat, and the conse- quent contraction of the fine vessels. Also, the cause of that sensation, 2, A shivering ; the effect of the contrac- tion of tlie fine vessels of the body ; chilliness, or cliill- ness. 3. A disease ; indisposition occasioned by cold catan-h. CoLD-BLoOD'ED, a. 1. Having cold blood. 2, Without sensibility, or feeling, €oLD'-FINCH, n. A species of motacill a, a bird. €oLD'-HEART-ED, a. Wanting passion or feeling ; indif- ferent. €6LD'-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or sensi- bility. CoLD'LY, adv. In a cold manner ; without warmth ; with- out concern ; without ardor or animation ; without inpa- rent passion, emotion or feeling; with indifference i,." negligence. ' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this j Obsolete COL IGO COL eoLD'NESS, «. 1. Want of heat. 2. Unconcern ; indif- ference ; a frigid state of temper ; want of ardor, zeal, emotion, animation, or spirit j negligence. 3. Want of apparent affection, or kindness. 4. Coynesa : reserve ; in- difference. 5. Want of sensual desire ; frigidity ; chastity. eoLD'-S»10RT, a. Brittle when cold, as a metal. €OLE, Ji. [Sax. caul, cawl, or cawel.] The general name of all sorts of cabbage or brassica ; but we generally use it in its compounds, cole-wort, cauliflower, &;c. eOLE'-MOUSE. See Coal-mouse. €OL'E-OP-TER, ) n. [Gr. KoXeos and Trrepov.] The cole- €()L-E-OP'TE-RA, | opters, in Linne'^s system of ento- mology, are an order of insects. eOL-E-OP'TE-RAL, a. Having wings covered with a case or sheath. eoLE'-PERCH, 71. A smaU fish. toLE'SEED, 71. 1. The seed of the navew, napus satlva. 2. Cabbage seed. Mortimer. €oLE'-WoRT, 71. A particular species of cole, brassica, or cabbage. eOL'IC, 71. [L. colicus.] A severe pain in the bowels, of which there are several varieties. C'OL'IP i cor 'I-f^AT ( °" ^^^'^^^^S the bowels. Milton. COL'IN, n. A bird of the partridge kind. '\€OLuli,v. t. To embrace. [See Collar.] Spenser. COL-LAPSE', (kol-laps') v. i. [L. collapsas.'] To fall to- gether, as the two sides of a vessel ; to close by falling together. eOL-LAPS'ED, (kol-lapsf) pp. Fallen together; closed. eOL-L AP'SION, 71. A state of falling together ; a state of vessels closed. COL'LAR, n. [L- collare.l 1. Something worn round the neck, as a ring of metal, or a chain. 2. The part of a gar- ment which surrounds the neck. 3. A part of a harness for the neck of a horse or other beast, used in draught. — 4. Among seamen, the upper part of a stay ; also, a rope in form of a wreath, to which a stay is confined.— To slip the collar, is to escape or get free ; to disentangle one's self from diliiculty, labor, or engagement. — A collar of brawn, is the quantity bound up in one parcel. eOL'LAR, V. t. 1. To seize by the collar. 2. To put a col- lar on.— To collar beef or other meat, is to roll it up and bind it close with a string. eOL'LAR-A6E, 71. A tax or fine, laid for the collars of wine-drawing horses. eOL'LAR-BONE, n. The clavicle. eOL'LARED, pp. 1. Seized by the collar. 2. Having a col- lar onthe neck. €OL-LaTE', v.t. [L. collatum, collatus.] 1, To lay to- gether and compare, by examining the points in which two or more things of a similar kind agree or disagree. 2. To confer or bestow a benefice. 3. To bestow or con- fer. Taylor. €OL-LaTE', v. i. To place in a benefice, as by a bishop. COL-La'TED, pp. Laid together and compared ; examined by comparing; presented and instituted, as a clergyman, to a benefice. COL-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. collateralis.] 1. Being by the side, side by sid«, on the side, or side to side. — 2. In genealogy, descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not one fromtheother ;asdistingui£nedfromZmeaZ.— 3. Collateral security is security for the performance of covenants or the payment of money, besides the principal security. 4. Run- ning parallel. 5. Diffused on either side ; springing from relations. 6. Not direct, or immediate. 7. Concurrent. eOL-LAT'ER-AL, 7?. A collateral relation or kinsman. eOL-LAT'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. Side by side ; or by the side. 2. Indirectly. 3. In collateral relation ; not in a direct line ; not lineally. COL-LAT'ER-AL-NESS, n. The state of being collateral. eOL-LAT'ING,7)j?r. Comparing ; prosentingand instituting. eOL-LA'TION, n. 1. The act of bringing or laying together, and comparing ; a comparison of one copy or tiling of a like kind with another. 2. The act of conferring or be- stowing ; a gift. — 3. In the canon law, the jaresentation of a clergyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his own gift or patronage. — 4. In common law, the presenta- tion of a copy to its original, and a comparison made by examination, to ascercain its conformity. 5. In Scots law, the right which an heir has of throwing the whole herita- ble and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, and sharing it equally with others who are of the same degree of kindred. 6. A repast between full meals ; as a cold collation. — Collation of seals denotes one seal set on the same label, on the reverse of another. COL-LA-TI"TIOUS, a. Done by the contribution of many. Dict._ C(JL-La'TIVE, a. AdvoweciQs are presentative, collative or donative. An advowsoa collative is whare the bishop and patron are one and the same person. GOL-La'TOR, n. 1. One who collates or compares manu- scripts or copies of books. 2. One who collates to a bene- fice. €OL-LAUD', v.t. [L. eollaudo.] To unite in praising i Little used.'] Howell. L'LeAGUE, (kol'leeg) n. [L. collega ,• Fr. collegue.] A partner or associate in the. same office, employment oi commission, civil or ecclesiastical. €0L-LkAGUE', (kol-leeg') v. t. or i. To unite with in the same office. €OL-LeAGU'ED, (kol-leegd') pp. United as an associate in the same office. COL'LeAGUE-SHIP, n. Partnership in office. €0L-LE€T', v. t. [L. colligo, collectum.] 1. To gather, as separate persons or things, into one body or place ; to as semble or bring together. 2. To gain by observation or information. 3. To gather from premises ; to infer as a consequence. 4. To gather money or revenue from debt- ors ; to demand and receive. 5. To gather, as crops ; to reap, mow or pick, and secure In proper repositories 6. To draw together ; to bring into united action. 7. To obtain from contribution. — To collect one's self, is to re- cover from surprise, or a disconcerted state ; to gain com mand over the thoughts, when dispersed ; over the pas sions, when tumultuous ; or the mind, when dismayed. €OL-LEeT', V. i. To run together ; to accumulate. COL'LECT, n. 1. A short comprehensive prayer ; a prayer adapted to a particular day or occasion. 2. A collection or gatliering of money. [Little used.] eOL-LE€-TA'NE-OUS, a. [L. tollectaneus.] Gathered; collected. GOL-LECT'ED, pp. 1. Gathered ; assembled ; congregated ; drawn together. 2. a. Recovered from surprise or dis- may ; not disconcerted ; cool ; firm ; prepared. COL-LEGT'ED-LY, adv. In one view; together; in one body. €0L-LE€T'ED-NESS, n. A collected state of the mind ; recovery from surprise. COL-LECT'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be collected or gathered ; that may be inferred. 2. That may be gathered or re- covered ; as, the debts or taxes are or are not collectible. COIj-IjEGTIING, ppr. Gathering; drawing together ; as-* sembling. €0L-LE€'TI0N, n. 1. The act of gathering, or assembling. 2. The body formed by gathering ; an assemblage, or as- sembly ; a crowd. 3. A contribution ; a sum collected for a charitable purpose. 4. A gathering, as of matter in an abscess. 5. The act of deducing consequences ; rea- soning ; inference. [Little used.j 6. A corollary ; a con- sectary ; a deduction from premises ; consequence. 7. A book compiled from other books, by the putting together of parts ; a compilation. f €OL-LE€-Tl"TIOUS, a. Gathered up. eOL-LE€T'IVE, a. [L. collectivus.] 1. Formed by gather- ing ; gathered into a mass, sum, or body ; congregated, or aggregated. 2. Deducing consequences ; reasoning ; in- ferring. — 3. In grammar, expressing a number or multi- tude united. €OL-LECT'IVE-LY, adv. In a mass, or body ; in a col- lected state ; in the aggregate ; unitedly ; in a state of combination. €OL-LE€T'IVE-NESS, n. A state of union ; mass. COL-LECT'OR, n. 1. One who collects or gathera things which are scattered or separate. 2. A compiler ; one who gathers and puts together parts of books, or scattered pieces, in one book. — 3. In botany, one who gathers plants, withi)ut studying botany as a science. 4. An officer appointed and commissioned to collect and receive customs, duties, taxes or toll. 5. A bachelor of arts in Oxford, who is appointed to superintend some scholastic proceedings in Lent. eOL-LECT'OR-SHIP, n. 1. The office of a collector of cus- toms or taxes. 2. The jurisdiction of a coUectoi . COL-LEG'A-TA-RY, n. In the civil laio, a person who has a legacy left to him in common with one or more other persons. COL'LEGE, 71. [L. collegium.] 1. In a general sense, a col- lection, assemblage or society of men, invested with cer- tain powers and rights, performing certain duties, or engaged in some common employment, or pursuit. — 2. Tn a particular sense, an assembly for a pohtical or ecclesias- tical purpose.— In Great Britain and the United States of America, a society of physicians is called a college. fc?o also there are coZZe^es of surgeons, &c. 3. An edifice ap- propriated to the use of students, who are acquiring tlie languages and sciences. 4. The society of persons en gaged in the pursuits of literature, including tlie officers and students. — 5. In foreign universities, a public lec- ture. €0L'LE6E-LIKE, n. Regulated after the manner of a college. eOL-LE'6I-AL, a. Relating to a college ; belonging to a college ; having the properties of a college. €0L-Le'6I-AN, 71. A member of a college, particularly of a literary institution so called ; an inhabitant of a college €OL-LE'Gl-ATE, a. 1. Pertaining to a college. 2. Con- taining a college ; instituted after the manner of a college . * See Synopsis, a, E, T, o, U, ^% long.—YKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;.— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. Mm' COL 161 COL 3. A collegiate church is one that has no bishop's see, but has the ancient retinue of a bishop, canons and preb- ends._ COL-Le'6I-ATE, n. The member of a college. €OL'LET, n. [Fr. collet.] 1. Among jewelers, the hori- zontal face or plane at the bottom of brilliants ; or the part of a ring in which the stone is set. — 2. In glass-making, that part of glass vessels which sticks to the iron instru- ment used in taking the substance from the melting-pot. 3. Anciently, a band or collar 4 A term used by turn- ers. t.OL-LET'I€, a. Having the property of gluing ; agglutin- ant. eOL-LET'I€, n. [Gr. AcoXXjjnKos.] An agglutinant. eOL-LlDE', V. i. [L. collido.'] To strike or dash against each other. Brown- eOLL'IER, (kol'yer) n. 1. A digger of coal ; one who works in a coal-mine. 2. A coal-merchant or dealer in coal . 3. A coasting vessel employed in the coal trade. eOLL'IER-Y, (kol'yer-y) n. 1. The place where coal is dug. [Sec CoAL2RT.] 2. The coal trade. eOL'LI-FLOW-ER. See Cauliflower. eOL LI-GATE, V. t. [L. colligo.'] To tie or bind together. €()L'LI-GA-TED, pp. Tied ot bound together. eOL'LI-GA-TING, ppr. Binding together. €()L-LI-Ga'TION, n. A binding together. eOL-LI-MA'TION, n. [L. collimo.] The act of aiming at a mark ; aim. eOL-LIN-E-A'TION, n. [L. collineo.] The act of aiming, or directing in a line to a fixed object. t €!OL'LING, n. [L. collum.] An embrace; dalliance. Chau- cer. eOIi-Lia'UA-BLE, a. That may be liquefied, or melted ; liable to melt. COL-Lia UA-]\IENT, n. 1. The substance formed by melt- ing ; that which is melted. 2. The fetal part of an egg. 3. The first rudiments of an embryo in generation. €OL'LI-Q,UANT, a. That has the power of dissolving or melting. eOL'LI-aUATE, V. i. [L. colUqueo.] To melt ; to dissolve ; to change from solid to fluid ; to become liquid. eOL'LI-aUATE, V. t. To melt or dissolve. eOL'LI-aUA-TED, pp. Melted ; dissolved ; turned from a solid to a fluid substance. eOL'LI-aUA-TING, ppr. Melting ; dissolving, €OL-LI-aUA'TION, 71. 1. The act of melting. 2. A dis- sdving, flowing or wasting. €0]i-LIQ,'UA-TlVE, a. Melting; dissolving; appropriately, indicating a morbid discharge of the animal fluids. eOL-Lia-UE-FA€'TION, n. [L. colliquefacio.] A melting together ; the reduction of different bodies into one mass by fusion. eOL-Li'SION, n. [L. collisio.] 1. The act of striking to- gether ; a striking together of two hard bodies. 2. The state ofbeing struck together ; a clashing. 3. Opposition; interference. 4. A running against each other, as ships at sea. Marshal. eOL'LO-€ATE, v. t. [L. colloco.] To set or place ; to set ; to station. eOL'LO-€ATE, a. Set ; placed. Bacon. eOL'LO-€A-TED, pp. Placed. €OL'LO-€A-TING, ppr. Setting ; placing. eOL-LO-€A'TION, ?i. [L. collocatio.] 1. A setting ; the act of placing ; disposition in place. 2. The state of being placed, or^ placed with something else. eOI.-LO-€u'TION, n. [L. collocutio.] A speaking or con- versing together ; conference ; mutual discourse. eOL-LO-€u'TOR, n. One of the speakers in a dialogue. r€OL-LoGUE', V t. To wheedle. t€OL-LoGU'ING, 71. Flattery; deceit. Bm ton. eOL'LOP, 71. 1. A small slice of meat ; a piece of flesh; a thick piece or fleshy lump. 2. In burlesque, a child. eOL-Lo'QUI-AL, a. Pertaining to common conversation, or to mutual discourse. eOL'LO-aUIST, n. A speaker in a dialogue. eOL'LO-dUY, n, [L. colloquium.'] Conversation ; mutual discourse of two or more ; conference ; dialogue. eOL'LOW. SeeCoLLT. eOL-LU€'TAN-CY, n. [L. colluctor.] A struggling to re- sist ; a striving against ; resistance ; opposition of na- ture. eOL-LU€-T ACTION, n. A struggling to resist ; contest ; resistance ; opposition ; contrariety. eOL-LuDE', V. i. [L. colludo.) To play into the hand of each other ; to conspire in a fraud ; to act in concert. GOL-LuD'ER, 71. One who conspires in a fraud. eOL-LtJD'ING, ppr. Conspiring with another in a fraud. eOL-LuD'ING, 71. A trick ; collusion. eOL-LtJ'SION, 71. [L. collusio.] 1. In iazc, a deceitful agree- ment or compact between two or more persons, for the one party to bring an action against the other, for some evil purpose. 2. A secret agreement for a fraudulent purpose. €OL-Lu'SIVE, a. Fraudulently concerted between two oi more. €OL-Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. By collusion ; by secret agree ment to defraud. €OL-Lu'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of bemg collusive. €OL-Lu'SO-RY, a. Carrying on a fraud by a secret con cert ; containing collusion. eOL'LY, or COL'IiOW, n. The black grime or soot of coal or burnt wood. COL'LY, V. t. To make foul ; to grime with the smut of coal €OL'LY-RITE, n. [Gr. KoWvpiov.] A variety of clay, of a white color. €OL-LYR'I-UM, 7t. [L.] Eye-salve; eye-wash; a topical remedy for disorders of the eyes. COL'MAR, n. [Fr.] A sort of pear. eOL'O-CYNTH, 71. [Gr. Ko'koKvvdis ] The coloquintida, or bitter apple of the shops. €0-LoGNE'-EARTII, n A kind of light bastard ochre, of a deep brown color. €0-IiOM'BO. n A root from Colombo in Ceylon. CO'LOA^, 7(. [Gr. ko)\ov.] 1. In anatomy, the largest of the intestines, or rather the largest division of the intestinal canal. — 2. In grammar, a point or character formed thus [ : ], used to mark a pause greater than that of a semico- lon , but less than that of a period. COL'ONEL, (kur'nel) n. [Fr. colonel.] The chief command er of a regiment of troops. €OL'ONEL-CY, (kur'nel-sy) ) n. The ofiice, rank or COL'ONEL-SUIP, (kur'nel-ship) ] commission of a colo- nel._Sv:ift. Washington. €0-Lo'NI-/\L, a. Pertaining to a colony. fCO-LOiVI-CAL, a. Relating to husbandmen. Spelman. COL'0-NIST, n. An inhabitant of a colony. €0L-0-x\'1-Za'TI0N, n. The act of colonizing, or state of being colonized. €OL'0-NiZE, V. t. 1. To plant or establish a colony in ; to plant or settle a number of the subjects of a kingdom or state in a remote country, for commercial or other pur poses. 2. To migrate and settle in, as inhabitants. COL'O-NlZED, pp. Settled or planted with a colony. €OL'0-NTZ-ING, ppr. Planting with a colony. €OE'0-NlZ-ING, 71. The act of establishing a colony. COL-OA^-NaDE', 7J. [It. colonnata.] 1. In architecture, a peristyle of a circular figure, or a series of columns, dis- posed in a circle, and insulated within side. 2. Any series or range of columns. A polystyle colonnade is a range of columns too great to be taken in by the eye at a single view. €OL'0-NY, n. [L. colonia,] 1. A company or body of peo- ple transplanted from their mother country to a remote province or country to cultivate and inhabit it, and re- maining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state. 2 The country planted or colonized ; a plantation ; also, the body of inhabitants in a territory colonized, including the descendants of the first planters. 3. A collection of ani- mals. €OL'0-PHON, 71. [fromacity of Ionia.] The conclusion of a book, formerly containing the place or year, or both, of its publication. €OL'0-PHON-ITE, n. A variety of garnet. *€0L'0-PH0-NY, n. In pharmacy, black resin or turpen- tine boiled in water and dried. COL-O-aUINT'I-DA, 7?. [Gr. koXokwOis.] The colocynth or bitter apple. €6L'OR, n. [1j. color ; li. colore ; Sp., Port, color; Fr couleur.] 1. In physics, a property inherent in light, which, by a difference in the rays and the laws of refrac- tion, or some other cause, gives to bodies particular ap- pearances to the eye. The principal colors are red, orange, vellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. 2. Appearance of a body to the eye, or a quality of sensation, caused by the rays" of light; Jme ; dye. 3. A red color; the fresh- ness or appearance of blood in the face. 4. Appearance to the mind. 5. Superficial cover ; palliation ; that which serves to give an appearance of right. 6. External ap- pearance ; false show ; pretense ; guise. 7. Kind ; spe- cies ; character ; complexion. 8. That which is used for coloring ; paint ; as red lead, ochre, orpiment, cinnabar, or vermilion, &c. 9. Colors, with a plural termination, in the military art, a flag, ensign or standard, borne in an army or fleet. [See Flag.] — 10. In law, color, in pleading, is when the defendant in assize or trespass gives to the plaintiff a color or appearance of title, by stating his title specially ; thus removing the cause from the jury to the court.— Water-colors are such as are used in painting with gum-water or size, without being mixed with oil. €oL'OR, V. t. 1. To change or alter the external appearance of a body or substance ; to dye ; to tinge ; to paint ; to stain. 2. To give a specious appearance ; to set in a fair light ; to palliate ; to excuse. 3, To make plausible ; to exaggerate in representation.— To color a stranger's goods^ is when a freeman allows a foreigner to enter goods at the custom-house in his name, to avoid the alien's duty. See Syno MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; '11 -BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S ae Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Ohsolete COM 162 COM eOLtOR, V. i. To blush. e6L'0R-A-BLE, a. Specious ; plausible 3 giviiig an appear- ance of right or justice. €oL'OR-A-BLY, adv. Speciously ; plausibly ; with a fair external appearance. Bacon. €oL'OR-ATJE, a. [Ij. coloratus.] Colored; dyed ; or tinged witli some color. [Little used.] eoL-OR-A'TION, ?i. [Ij.colctro.] The art or practice of col- oring, or the state of being colored. GoL'OR-A-TURE, 71. In music, all manner of variations, trills, &c., intended to make a song agreeable. €oL'ORED, pp. 1. Having the external appearance chang- ed 5 dyed ; tinged ; painted or stained. 9. Streaked ; strip- ed ; having a diversity of hues. 3. Having a specious ap- l)ea.ra.nce.—Colared people, black people, Africans or their descendants, mixed or unmixed. eoL-OR-IF'ie, a. [color, and L. facio.] That has the quality of tinging 3 able to give color or tint to other bodies. CoL'OR-ING, ppr. 1. Dyeing ; staining ; tinging. 2. Giv- ing a fair external appearance ; palliating ; excusing. €0L'0R-ING, n. 1. The act or art of dyeing ; the state of being colored ; color. 2. A specious appearance ; fair ar- tificial representation.— 3. Among painters, the manner of applying colors ; or the mixture of liglit and shade, formed bv the various colors employed. eoL'OR-IST, n. One who colors ; a painter who excels in giving the proper colors to his designs. CoL'OR-LESS, a. Destitute of color _; not distinguished by any hue ; transparent. €0-LOS'SAL, I a. Like a colossus ; very large ; huge ; eOL-OS-SE'AN, \ gigantic. eO-LOS'SUS, 71. [L.] A statue of a gigantic size. The most remarkable colossus of antiquity was one at Rhodes. €0-LOS'SUS-WISE, adv. In the manner of a colossus. GOL'STAFF, n. A staff for carrying burdens by two on their shoulders. [Local.] eoLT, 71. [Sax. colt.] 1. The young of the equine genus of animals, or horse kind. — In Avierica, colt is equally ap- plied to the male or female. The male is called a horse- colt, and the female is called a. filly. 2. A young, foolish fejlow ; a person without experience or stability. t €oLT, V. i. To frisk, riot or frolick, like a colt ; to be li- centious. Spenser. t€oLT, V. t. To befool. Shak. eoLT'S-FOOT, 71. A genus of plants, the tussila^o. eOLT'S-TOOTH, 71. 1. An imperfect or superfluous tooth in young horses. 2. A love of youthful pleasure 3 [little used.] eoL'TER, 71. [L. culter.] The fore iron of a plough, with a sharp edge, that cuts the earth or scd. €oLT'ISH, a. Like a colt ; wanton ; frisky ; gay. eOL'U-BER, 71. [L.J In zoology, a genus of serpents. eOL'U-BRINE, a. [L. colubrinus.] Relating to the coluber, or to serpents ; cunning 3 crafty. [Little used.] COL'UB'I-BA-Ry, 71. [L. columharium.] A dove-cot 3 a pigeon-house. eO-LUM'BATE, 71. A salt, or compound of columbic acid with a base. €0-LUM'EJ-AN, a. Pertaining to the United States, or to America, discovered by Columbus. €0-LUM'BI€, a. Pertaining to colunibium. eOL-UM-BIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing or containing colum- bium. eOL'UM-BINE, a. Like or pertaining to a pigeon or dove 3 of a dove-color, or like the neck of a dove. €OL'UM-BINE, n. [L. columbina.] jiquilegia, a genus of plants of several species. eO-LUM'BITE, 71. The ore of columbium. eO-LUM'BI-UM, 71. A metal first discovered in an ore or oxyd found at New London, in Connecticut. €0-LUM'BO. See Colombo. €OL'U-MEL, 71. In botany, the central column in a capsule, taking its rise from the" receptacle, and having the seeds fixed to it all round. eOL'UMN, (kol'Ium) n. [L. colur.ma, coluvien.] 1. In ar- chitecture, a long, round body of wood or stone, used to support or adorn a building, composed of a base, a shaft and a capital. 2. An erect or elevated structure resezn- oling a column in architecture. 3. Any body pressing perpendicularly on its base, and of the same diameter as its base. — 4. In the military art, a large body of troops drawn up in order. — 5. Among printers, a division of a page 3 a perpendicular set of lines separated from another set by a line or blank space. GO-LUM'NAR, a. Formed in columns ; having the form of columns 3 like the shaft of a column. €0-HJM'NAR-ISH, a. Somewhat resembling a column. [A had word.] eO-LuRE'', 71. ["Gr. KoXoupo?.] In astronomy and geogra- phy, the colures are two great circles supposed to intersect each other at right angles, in the poles of the world. COM, in composition, as a prefix, Ir. comh, or coimh, W. cym, or cyv, L. com, or cm?)i, denotes with, to or against. Co MA, 7!. [Gr. Kuijxa.] Lethargy ; dozing ; a preternatural propensity to sleep. eo'MA, 71. [L.] 1. In botany, a species of bracte, ternunat- ing the stem of a plant, in a tuft or bush. — 2. In astrono- my, hairiness 3 the hairy appearance that suiTounds a comet, when the earth or the spectator is betwecii tlie comet and the sun. jCo'MART, 71. A treaty 3 article 5 agreement. Shak. eo'MATE, a. [L. comatus.] Hairy 5 encompassed with a coma, or bushy appearance, like hair. €o'-MaTE, n. A fellow mate, or companion. Shak. €o'MA-TOSE, ) a. Preternaturally disposed to sleep €o'MA-TOUS, \ drowsy 3 dozing, without natural sleep lethargic. t eoMB, 71. [Sax.] A valley between hills or mountains. CoMB, (kome) n. [Sax. camb.] 1. An instrument, with teeth, for separating, cleansing and adjusting hair, wool, or flax 2. The crest, caruncle, or red fleshy tuft, grov/ing on a cock's head. 3. Tlie substance in which bees lodge their honey. 4. A dry measure of four bushels. CoMB, (kome) v. t. To separate, disentangle, cleanse, and adjust with a comb. €oMB, V. i. In the language of seamen, to roll over, as the top of a wave. CoMB'-BiRD, 71. A gallinaceous fowl of Africa. CoMB'-BRUSH, n. A brusli to clean combs. €oMB'-Ma-KER, 71. One whose occupation is to make combs. *COM'BAT, V. i. [Fr. combattre.] 1. To fight 3 to struggle or contend witli an opposing force. 2. To act in opposi- tion. *€Oai'BAT, V. t. 1. To fight with 3 to oppose by force, 2. To contend against 3 to oppose 5 to resist. * eOM'BAT, 71. 1. A fighting 3 a struggling to resist, over- throw or conquer 3 contest by force 3 engagement 3 battle. 2. A duel 3 a fighting between two men 5 formerly, a formal trial of a doubtful cause, or decision of a controver- sy between two persons, by swords or batoons. €OM-BAT'A-BLE, a. That may be disputed, or opposed [Modern.] * €OM'BAT-ANT, a. Contending 3 disposed to contend. * COM'BAT-ANT, 71. 1. A person who combats 3 any per- son who fights with another, or in an army, or fleet. 2. A duelist 3 one who fights or contends in batile, for the de- cision of a private quarrel or difference 3 a champion. 3. A person who contends with another in argument, or con- troversy. * €OM'BAT-ED, pp. Opposed ; resisted. Locke. * eOM'BAT-ER, 71. One who fights or contends. * €OM'BAT-ING, ppr. Striving to resist 3 fighting 3 oppos- ing by force or by argument. CoMBED, pp. Separated, cleaned, Or dressed with a comb. CoMB'ER, n. One who combs 3 one whose occupation is to comb wool, &c. fCOM'BEE, 71. Incumbrance. COM'BER, 71. A long, slender fish, with a red j.qck, found in Cornwall, England. €OM-BlK'A-BLE, a. Capable of combining. teOM'Bl-NATE, a. Espoused 3 betrothed Shak. €OM-BI-Na'TION, 71. [Fr. combinaison.] 1. Intimate union, or association of two or more persons or things. 2. An assemblage 3 union of particulars. 3. Commixture : union of bodies or qualities in a mass or compound. 4. Chemical union ; union by afiinity. — 5. In mathematics, the union of numbers or quantities in every possible man- ner 3 or the variation or alteration of any number of quan- tities, letters, sounds, or the like, in all the different man- ners possible. €OM-BlNE', V. t. [Fr. combiner ] 1. To unite or join two or more things 3 to link closely together. 2. To agree 3 to accord 3 to settle by compact ; [not usual.] 3. To joiri words or ideas together 3 opposed t® analyze. 4. To cause to unite ; to bring into union or confederacy. COM-BiNE', V. i. I. To unite, agree or coalesce. 2. To unite in frieiidship or design 5 to league together. 3. To unite by affinity, or natural attraction. 4. To confederate 3 to unite as nations. COM-BiN'ED, (kom-blnd') ;p;j. United closely 3 sssociated, leagued 5 confederated 3 chemically united. COM-BTN'ER, 7?.. The person or thing that combines. CoMB'ING, ppr. Separating and adjusting hair, wool, &c. CoMB'ING, 71. Borrowed hair combed over a bald part of the head. [Local.] COM-BiN'ING, ppr. Uniting closely 3 joining, in purpose 3 confederating 3 imiting by chemical afiinity. CoMB'LESS, a. Without a comb or crest. COM-BUST', a. [L. combusUis.] When a planet is in con- junction with the sun, or apparently very near it, it is said to be combust, or in combustion. €0M-BUST'I-BLE, a. [Fr. combustible.] That will take fire and burn ; capable of catching fire. €0M-BUST'I-BLE, 71. A substance that will take fire and burn. * See Synopsis. A, E, T, C, U, Y, long.—FA^, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY ;— PlW, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete COM 163 COM eOM-BUST'I-BLE-NESS, or €0M-BUST-I-BIL'1-TY, w. The quality of taking fire and burning. eOM-BUS'TION, (kom-bus'chun) n. [Low L. combustio.] 1. The operation of fire on inflarainaljle substances. 2. A burning ; the process or action of fire in consuming a body, attended with heat, or heat and flame. 3. Conflagration ; a great fire. 4. Tumult ; violent agitation, with hurry and noise ; confusion ; uproar. t€OM-BUS'TIVE, a. Disposed to take fire. Bp. Gaudcn. €oME, (kum) v i. ; pret. came, part. come. [Sax. cuman. ] 1. To move towards ; to advance nearer, from any distance. Q. To draw nigh ; to approach ; to arrive ; to be present. 3. To advance and arrive at some state or condition ; as, the ships came to action. 4. To happen or fall out; as, how comes that ? 5. To advance or move into viaw ; to appear. 6. To sprout, as plants ; to spnng. 7. To become. 8. To appear or be formed, as butter. 9. Come, in the im- perative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint action ; come, let us go. To come about, to happen ; to fall out ; to come to pass ; to arrive. — To come about, to turn; to change; to come round. — To come again, to return. — To come after, to fol- low. Also, to come to obtain. — To come at, to reach ; to arrive within reach of; to gain ; to come so near as to be able to take or possess. — To come atoay, to depart from ; to leave; to issue from. — To come back, to return. — To come by, to pass near. Also, to obtain, gain, acquire. Dry- den. — To come doion, to descend. Also, to be humbled or abased. — To come for, to come to get or obtain ; to come after. — To come forth, to issue or proceed from. Also, to depart from; to leave. Also, to come abroad. — T'o come from, to depart from ; to leave. — To come in, to enter, as into an inclosure ; to comply ; to yield ; to arrive at a port, or place of rendezvous ; to become fashionable ; to be brought into use ; to enter as an ingredient or part of a composition ; to grow and produce ; to come to maturity and yield. — To come in for, to arrive in time to take a share. — To come into, to join with ; to bring help ; to agree to ; to comply with. — To come near, to approacii. — To come nigh is used in like senses. — To come no near, in seamanship, is an order to the helmsman not to steer so close to the wind. — To come of, to issue from ; to proceed from, as a descendant.— T'o come off, to depart from ; to remove from on. Bacon. To escape; to get free. — To come off from, to leave ; to quit. — To come on, toadvance ; to proceed ; to fall on ; to happen to. — To come over, to pass above or across, or from one side to another ; to pass from one party, side or army, to another ; to change sides. — To come out, to depart or proceed from ; to become pub- lic ; to escape from concealment or privacy ; to be discov- ered.— T'o come out of, to issue forth, as from confine- ment, or a close place ; to proceed or depart from. — T'o come out with, to give publicity to ; to disclose. — T'o come short, to fail ; not to accomplish. — To come to, to consent or yield ; to amount to ; to recover, as from a swoon. — T'o come together, to meet or assemble. — T'o come to pass, to be ; to happen ; to fall cut; to be eftected. — To come up, to ascend ; to rise ; to spring ; to come into use. — To come up the capstern, in seamanship, is to turn it the contrary way, so as to slacken the rope about it. — To come up the tackle fall, is to slacken it gently. — T'o come up to, to ap- proach near; to amount to; toadvance to; to rise to. — To come up with, to overtake. — T'o come upon, to fall on ; to attack or invade. — To come, in futurity; to happen hereafter. — Come, come, the repetition of come, expresses haste, or exhortation to hasten. Sometimes it introduces a threat. tC6ME, n. A sprout. Mortimer. e6ME_[-0FF, 71. Means of escape ; evasion ; excuse. €0-Me'DI-AN, 71. 1. An actor or player in comedy ; or a player in general, male or female. 2. A writer of comedy. eOM'E-DY, ?i. [L. comcadia.'] A dramatic composition in- tended to represent human characters, which are to be imitated in language, dress and manner, by actors on a stage, for the amusement of spectators. eoME'LI-LY, (kum'le-iy) adv. In a suitable or decent man- ner. [Little used.^^ Sherwood. eoME'LI-NESR, (kum'le-nes) n. That which is becoming, fit or suitable, in form or manner. €oME'LY, (kum'ly) a. 1. Properly, becoming ; suitable : whence, handsome ; graceful. 2. Decent ; suitable ; prop- er ; becoming ; suited to time, place, circumstances or per- sons. eoME'LY, (kum'ly) aav. Handsomely ; gracefully. eoM'ER, 71. One that comes ; one who approaches ; one who has arrived and is present. eOM-ES-SA'TION, n. [L. comessatio .} Feasting or revel- in?:. t €0-MES'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Eatable. Wotton, €OM'ET, n. [L. cometa.'] An opaque, spherical, solid body, like a planet, but accompanied with a train of light, per- forming revolutions about the sun, in an elliptical orbit, having the sun in one of its foci. eOM'ET, n. A game at cards. Southerne. €OM-ET-A'Rr-UM, ) n. A machine exhibiting an idea of €OM'ET-A-RY, ) the revolution of a comet round the sun. €0]M'ET-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a comet. Ckeyne. €0-MET'I€, a. Relating to a comet. €OM'ET-LlKE, a. Resembling a comet. Shak. €OM-ET-OG'RA-PHY, n. [comet, and Gr. ypacpd).] A de- scription or treatise of comets. €0M'FIT, or €6M'FI-TURE, n [D. konfyt ; Fr. confit, confiture.'] A dry sweet-meat ; any kind of fruit or root preserved with sugar and dried €oM FIT. v.t. To preserve dry with sugar. €6M'FIT-Ma- KER, n. One who makes or prepares ccmiits. €6M'F0RT, V t. [Low L. conforto.'] 1. To strengthen ; to invigorate ; to cheer or enliven. 2. To strengthen the mind when depressed or enfeebled ; to console ; to give new vigor to the spirits ; to cheer, or relieve from depres- sion, or trouble. — 3. In law, to relieve, assist or encourage, as the accessory to a crime after the fact. €oM'F0RT, n. 1. Relief from pain ; ease ; rest or moderate pleasure after pain, cold, or distress, or uneasiness of body. 2. Relief from distress of mind ; the ease and quiet which is experienced when pain, trouble, agitation or aftiiction ceases ; consolation. 3. Support ; consolation under ca- lamity, distress or danger. 4. That which gives strength or support in distress, difficulty, danger, or infirmity. — 5. In la7D, support ; assistance ; countenance ; encourage- ment. 6. That which gives security from want, and fur- nisjies moderate enjoyment. €oM'FORT-A-BLE, a. 1. Being in a state of ease, or mod- erate enjoyment, as a person after sickness or pain. This is the most common use of the word in the United States. 2. Admitting comfort ; that may afford comfort. 3. Giv- ing comfort ; affording consolation. 4. Placing above want, and aflbrding moderate enjoyment. €6M'F0RT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of enjoying comfort. €6M'F0RT-A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to give comfort or consolation. 2. With comfort, or cheerfulness ; with- out despair. €6M'F0RT-BI),pp. Strengthened; consoled; encouraged. €oM'FORT-ER, n. l.One who administers comfort or con- solation ; one who strengthens and supports the mind in distress or danger. 2. The title of the Holy Spirit, whose oflice it is to comfort and support the Christian. t€6M'F0RT-FI]L, a. Full of comfort. €6M'F0RT-ING, jW' Giving strength or spirits ; giving ease ; cheering ; encouraging ; consoling. €6M'F0RT-LESS, a. Without comfort. €6M'FORT-RESS, n. A female that affords comfort. €6F'FRY ' I "• ^ genus of plants, the Symphytum. €0?»I'I€!, 0. [Ij. c amicus. ] 1. Relating to comedy, as disthict from tragedy. 2. Raising mirth ; fitted to excite merri- ment. €0M'I-€AL, a. 1. Relating to comedy ; comic. 2. Exciting mirth ; diverting ; sportive ; droll. €OM'I-€AL-L Yjarfy. 1. In a manner befitting comedy. 2. In a comical manner ; in a manner to raise mirth. COM'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being comical ; the power or quality of raising mirth. €6M'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing nearer, or nigh; approaching; moving towards ; advancing. 2. a. Future ; yet to come, 3. Forward ; ready to come. CoM'ING, 71. 1. The act of coming; approach. 2. The state of being come ; arrival. €0-MIN'GLE. See Commingle. €oM'ING-IN, ?!. 1. Entrance. 2. Beginning ; commence ment. 3. Income ; revenue ; [not noio used.] 4. Com- pliance ; submission ; [tio* in use.] €0-Mi"TIAL, a. [L. comitia.} 1. Relating to the comitia or popular assemblies of the Romans, for electing officers and passing laws. 2. Relating to an order of Presbyterian assemblies. COM'I-TY, n. [L. comitas.] Mildness and suavity of man- ners ; courtesy ; civility ; good breeding. COM'MA, n. [Gr. KoiAjxa.] 1. In icriting and printing, this point [ , ] denoting the shortest pause in reading. — 2. In music, an enharmonic interval, being the eighth part of a tone, or the difference between a major and a minor semi- tone. 3. Distinction. COM-MAND', V. t. [Fr. commander; con, or com , s.m\ L. mando.] 1. To bid; to order; to direct; to charge; im- plying authority, and power to control, and to requiie obedience. 2. To govern, lead or direct ; to have or to exercise supreme authority over. 3. To have in power ; to be able to exercise power or authority over. 4. To over- look, or have in the power of the eye, without obstruction 5. To direct ; to send. 6. To have or to exercise a con- trolling influence over. €OM-MAND', V. i. To have or to exercise supreme authori- ty ; to possess the chief power ; to govern. €OM-MAND', 71, 1. The right or power of governing with chief or exclusive authority ; supreme power ; control * Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this, t Obsolete COM 164 COM 2. The power of controlling; governing Influence ; 8vvay. 3 Cogent or absolute authority. 4. The act of command- ing ; the mandate uttered ; order given. 5. The power of overlooking, or surveying, without obstruction. 6. The power of governing or controlling by force, or of defend- ing and protecting. 7. That which is coimnanded ; con- trol. Marshall. €OM-MaND'A-BLE, a. That may be commanded. eOM-MAN-DANT', n. [Fr.] A commander; a command- ing officer of a place or of a body of forces. €OM-MAND'A-TO-RY, a. Having tlie force of a command. eOM-MAND'ED, pp. Ordered; directed; governed; con- trolled, €0M-MAN1)'ER, n. 1. A chief; one who has supreme authority ; a leader ; the chief officer of an army, or of any division of it. 2. One on whom is bestowed a bene- fice or command ry. 3. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, used in paving, &c. 4. An instrument of surgery. eOM-MAND'ER-Y, ) n. [Fr. commanderie.] A kindofbene- eOM-MAND'RY, ) hce or fixed revenue, belonging to a military order, conferred on knights of merit. eOM-MAND'ING, ppr. 1. Bidding ; ordering; directing with authority ; governing ; bearing rule ; exercising su- preme authority ; having in power ; overlooking without obstruction. 2. a. Controlling by influence, authority, or dignity. C'0:M-MANU'IN(x-LY, adv. In a commanding manner. COM-MAND'MENT, n. 1. A command; a mandate; an order or injunction given by authority ; charge ; precept. 2. By way of eminence, a precept of the decalogue, or moral law, written on tables of stone, at Mount Sinai. 3. Authority ; coercive power. eOM-MAND'RESS, n. A woman invested with supreme authority. eOM'MARK_j n. [Fr. comarque.] The frontier of a country. COM-MA-Te'RI-AL, a. Consisting of the same matter with another thing. Bacon. €0M-MA-TE-RI-AL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same matter. eOM'MA-TISM, 71. Briefness ; conciseness in writing. Bp. Horsley. eOM-MEAS'U-RA-BLE, (kom-mezh'iur-a-bl.) a. Reduci- ble to the same measure. But commensurable is generally used. 60M'ME-LINE, n. A genus of herbaceous plants, comme- lliia. eOM-MEM'0-RA-BLE, a. Memorable ; worthy to be re- membered, or noticed with honor. See Memorable. eOM-MEM'O-RAlE, v. t. [L. commemoro.] To call to remembrance by a solemn act ; to celebrate with honor and solemnity. €0M-MEM'0-RA-TED, pp. Called to remembrance by some act of solemnity. €OM-MEM'0-RA-TING, ppr. Celebrating with honor by some solemn act. eOM-MEM-0-RA'TION, n. The act of calling to remem- brance by seme solemnity ; the act of honoring the memory of some person or event by solemn celebration. eOM-M£M'0-RA-TiVE, a. Tending to preserve the re- membrance of something. €OM-MEM'0-RA-TO-RY, a. Serving to preserve the mem- ory of. eOM-MENCE', (kom-mens') v. i. [Fr. commencer.] 1. To begin to take rise or origin ; to have first existence. 2. To begin; to be, as in a cliange of character. 3. To take a degree or the fijst degree in a university or college. COM-MENCE', V. t. 1. To begin; to enter upon; to per- form the first uct. 2. To begin ; to originate ; to bring. eOM-MEN'CEI3, (kom-mensf) pp. Begun ; originated. €OM-MENCE'MENT, n. 1. Beginning ; rise ; origin ; first existence. 2. The time when students in colleges com- mence bachelors ; a day in which degrees are publicly conferred on students who have finished a collegiate edu- cation. In Cambridge, {Eng.) the day when masters of arts and doctors complete their degrees. DOM-MEN'CING, ppr. Beginning ; enteri entering on ; originat- eOM-MEMJ', V. t. [L. commendo.] 1 To represent as worthy of notice, regard, or kindness ; to speak in favor of; to recommend. 2. To commit ; to intrust or give in charge 3. To praise; tn mention v/ith approbation. 4. To make acceptable or more acceptable. 5. To pro- duce or present to favorable notice. 6. To send or bear I,;). tCOM-iMEND', 71. Commendation. Shak. » COM MEND'A-BLE, a. [Formerly accented improperly on the first syllable.] That may be cnmmende J or praised ; worthy of approbation or praise ; laudable. * COM -MEND' A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being commenda- ble. * COM MEND'A-BLY, adv Laudably ; in a praise-worthy manner. eOM-MEND'AM, n. In ecclesiastical law, in England, a benefice or living commended, by the king or head of the church, to the care of a clerk, to hold till a proper pastor is provided. Blackstone. €OM-MENC'A-TA-RY, n. [Fr. commendataire.] One who holds a living in commendam. eOM-MEND-A'TION, n. [L. commendatio.] 1. The act of commending ; praise ; favorable representation in words ; declaration of esteem. 2. Ground of esteem, approbation or praise ; that which presents a person or thing to ano- ther in a fav^orable light, and renders worthy of regard, or acceptance. 3. Service; respects; message of love. COM-MEND'A-TOR, n. He who holds a benefice in com- mendam usually with a bishopric. €OM-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. 1. Which serves to commend ; presenting to favorable notice or reception ; containmg praise. 2. Holding a benefice in commendam. COM-MEND'A-TO-RY, n. A commendation . eulogy. COM-MEND'ED, pp. Praised ; represented favorably ; com- mitted in charge. COM-MEND'ER, n One who commends or praises. €OM-MEND'ING, ppr. Praising; representing favorably; committing, or delivering in charge. fCOM-MENS'AL, n. [L. con and mensa.] One that eats at the same table. Chaucer. €OM-MEN-SAL'I-TY, n. [Sp. commensalia.] Fellowship at table ; the act or practice of eating at the same table. [Little used.] Brown. Qillies. tCOM-MEN-SA'TION, n. Eating at the same table. COM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, \ n. [Fr. commensurabilite.] €0?rI-MEN'SU-RA-BLE-NESS, \ The capacity of being compared with another in measure, or of heing measured by another, or of having a common measure. eOM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That have a common measure ; reducible to a common measure. €OM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. [It. commensurare.] 1. Reducible to one and the same common measure 2. Equal ; pro- portional ; having equal measure or extent. €OM-MEN'SU-RATE, v. t. To reduce to a common meas- ure. €OM-MEN'SU-RATE-LY, adv. 1. With the capacity of measuring or being measured by some othei- thing. 2. With equal measure or extent. €OM-MEN-SU-Ra'TION, n. Proportion, or proportion in measure ; a state of having a common measure. * COM'MENT, V. i. [L. comme7itor.] 1. To write notes on the works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, or to explain particular passages ; to explain ; to expound ; to annotate. 2. To make verbal remarks, or observations. * COM'MENT, V. t. 1. To explain. 2. To feign ; to devise ; [obs.] COM'MENT, n. 1. A note, intended to illustrate a writing, or a difficult passage in an author ; annotation ; explana- tion ; exposition. 2. That which explains or illustrates 3. Remark ; observation. COM'MEN-TA-RY, n. 1. A comment ; exposition; expla- nation ; illustration of difficult and obscure passages in an author. 2. A book of comments or annotations. 3. A historical narrative ; a memoir of particular transactions. COM'MEN-TA-RY, v. t. To write notes upon. [L. u.] COM'MEN-TATE, v. i. To annotate ; to write notes upon. Pursuits of Lit. COM'MEN-TA-TOR, n. One who comments; one who writes annotations ; an expositor ; an annotator. eOM'MENT-ER, n, 1. One that writes comments; an an- notator. 2. One who makes remarks. €OM'MENT-ING, ppr. Making notes or comments on some- thing said or written. eOM-MEN-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. commentitius.] Invented; feigned ; imaginary. CO]M'MERCE, n. [Fr. commerce.] I. In a general sense, an interchange or mutual change of goods, wares, produc- tions, or property of any kind, between nations or indi- viduals, either by barter, or by purchase and sale ; trade ; traffick. 2. Intercourse between individuals. 3. Famil- iar intercourse between the sexes. 4. Interchange ; re- ciprocal communications. COM'MERCE, V. i. 1. To traffick ; to carry on trade. 2. To hold intercourse with. t COM-MER'CER, n. One who trafficks or holds intercourse with another. eOM-MER'CIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to commerce or trade 2. Carrying on commerce. 3. Proceeding from trade. COM-MER'CIAL-LY, adv. In a commercial view. COM'MI-GRATE, t).- j. \li. commigro.] To migrate togeth- er ; to move in a body from one country or place to another for permanent residence. [Littleused.] €OM-MI-GRa'TION, 71. The- moving of a body of people from one country or place to another with a view to per- manent residence. COM-MI-Na'TION, n. [L. comminatio.] 1. A threat or threatening ; a denunciation of punislunent or vengeance, 2. The recital of God's threatenings on stated days ; an office in the liturgy of the church of England. €0M-MIN'A-T0-RY, a. Threatening ; denouncing punish- ment. * See Synopsis. A, K, T, 6, tJ, Y, long.—F AR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete COM 165 COM COM-MIN'GLE, v. t. To mix together j to mingle in one [ mass, or intimately ; to blend. €OM-MIN'GLE, v. i. To mix or unite togetIi«r, as different substances. Bacon. t€OM-MlN'U-ATE, v. t. To grind. €OM-MIN'U-I-BLE, a. Reducible to powder. €OM'MI-NUTE, v.t. [L. comminuo.] To make small or fine ; to reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder ; to pulverize ; to triturate ; to levigate^ €OM'MI-NU-TED, yp. Reduced to fine particles ; pulver- ized ; triturated. €OM'MI-NU-TING, ppr. Reducing to fine particles ; pul- verizing ;_levigatmg €OM-MINu'TION, n. 1 The act of reducing to a fine pow- der or to small particles ; pulverization. 2. Attenuation. eOM-MlS'ER-A-BLE, a. Deserving of commiseration or pity ; pitiable j that may excite sympathy or sorrow. [Little used.'] eOM-MlS'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. comviiseror.] 1. To pity ; to compassionate ; to feel sorrow, pain or i-egret fir another in distress. 2. To regret: to pity ; to be sorry for. eOM-MIS'ER-A-TED,pi;. Pitied. eOM-MIS'ER-A-TlNG, ppr. Pitying ; compassionating ; feelhig sorrovv for. eOM-MIS-ER-A'TION, ?i. Pity ; compassion ; a sympathetic suffering of pain or sorrow for the wants, alilictions or dis- tresses of another. t€OM-M[S'ER-A-TIVE, a. Compassionate. eOM-MIS'ER-A-T!VE-L\^, adv. From compassion. €OM-MIS'ER-A-TOR, ii. One who pities. eOM-MIS-SA'RI-AL, a, i'ertainiag to a coinmissary. S/;i.ol- lett uses commissorial ; but this is not authorized. €0M-M1S-Sa'RI-ATE, ?(. [Sp. coniisariato.] The office or employm.ent of a commissary ; or tiie vvliole body of otiicers in the commissary's department eOM'MIS-SA-RY, TO. [FT.conimissaire.] I. A Commissioner; one to whom is committed some charge, duty or ofhce. — 2. In ecclesiastical law, an officer of the bishop, who ex- ercises spiritual jurisdiction in places of the diocese. — 3. In a mUitary sense, an officer who has the charge of furnishing provisions, clothing, &c., for an army. 4. An officer who musters the army, receives and inspects it^ muster-rolls, and keeps an account of its strength. eOM-MIS-SA'RI-AT, n. The commissary department. €0M'MIS-SA-RY-SHIP, k. The office of a commissary. eOM-MIS'SION, 71. [Fr. commission. 1. The act of commit- ting, doing, performing or perpetrating. 2. The act of com- mitting or sending to ; the act of intrusting, as a cliarge or duty. 3. The thing committed, intrusted or delivered ; letters patent, or any writing from proper authority, given to a person as his warrant for exercising certain "pcv/ers, ortheperforraanceof any duty. 4. Charge; order; man- dale ; authority given. — 5 By a victonymy, a number of persons joined in an office or trust. 6. The state of that which is intrusted. — 7. In commerce, the state of acting under authority in the purcliase and sale of goods fur another. 8. The allowance made to a factor or commis- sion-merchantefbr transacting business. €OM-MIS'SION-MER'CHANT, n. A merchant who trans- acts business as the agent of other men, in buying and eelling. eOM-MIS'SION, v.t. 1. To give a commission to ; to em- power or authorize by commission. 2. To send with a mandate or authority. 3. To authorize or empower. — [Note. Commissionatc, in a like sense, has been used, but rarely.] eOM-MIS'SION-AL, ha. Appointed by warrant. [Little eOM-MlS'SION-A-RY, \ used.] eOM-MIS'SION- ATE, v. t. To commission. Wkitbv. eOM-MIS'SIONED, -pp. Furnished with a commission ; empowered ; authorized. eOM-MIS'SION-ER, n. A person who has a commission or warrant from proper authority, to perform some office, or execute some business. eOM-MIS'SION-ING, ppr. Giving a commission to ; fur- nishing with a warrant; empowering by letters patent or other writing ; authorizing. * eOM'MIS-SURE, n. [L. commissura.] 1. A joint, seam or closure ; the place where two bodies or parts of a body meet and unite ; an interstice or cleft between particles or parts, as between plates or lamellw. — 2. In architecture, the joint of two stones, or application of the surface of one to that of another. — 3. In anatomy, a suture of the crani- um or skull ; articulation ; the corners of the lips. Also, certain parts in the ventricles of the brain, uniting the two hemispheres. eOM-MIT', V. t. [L. committo.^ 1. To give in trust; to put into the hands or power of another ; to intrust. 2. To put into any place for preservation ; to deposit. 3. To put or send to, for confinement. 4. To do ; to effect or perpe- trate. 5. To join or put together, for a contest ; to match ; followed by with ; a Latinism. 6. To expose or endanger by a prelimmary step or decision which cannot be recalled. 7. To engage ; to pledge ; or to pledge by implication Marshall. 8. To refer or intrust to a committee, or select number of persons, for their consideration and report; a term of legislation. t€OM-MIT', V. i. To be guilty of iucontinency. Shak. eOM-MiT'MENT, n. 1. The act of' committing ; a sending to pris(m ; a putting into prison ; imprisonment. 2. An order for confining in prison. But more generally we use inittimus. 3. The act of referring or intrusting to a com- mittee for consideration ; a term in legislation. 4. Tlie act of delivering in cliarge, or intrusting. 5. A doing, or perpetration, as of sin or a crime ; commission. 6. The act of pledging or engaging ; or the act of exposing or en- dangering. Hamilton. <^OM-MlT'TED, pp. iSeiivered in trust; given in charge deposited ; imprisoned ; done ; perpetrated ; engaged exposed ; referred to a committee. €OM-MIT'TEE, n. One or more persons, elected or appoint ed, to whom any matter or business is referred, either by a legislative body or either branch of it, or by a court, or by any corporation, or by any society, or collective body of men acting together. €OM-MIT'T£E-SiiiP, n. The office and profit of commit- tees. eOM-MIT'TER, n. One who commits ; one who does or perpetrates. eOM-?,IlT'TI-BEE, a. That may be committed. [L. v..] eOM-MlT'TING, ppr. Giving in trust ; depositing ; im- prisoning ; perpetratmg ; engaging ; refemng to a com- mittee ; exposing. COM-MIX', V. t. [L. cornmisceo.] To mix or mingle ; to blend ; to mix, as different substances. €OM-MIX', V. i. To mix ; to mingle. Shale. eOM-MIX'ED, (kom mixt') pp. Mixed ; blended. COM-MIX'ING, ppr. Mixing ; blending. £;OM-MiX'TION, TO. Mixture ; a blending of different in- gredients in one mass or compound. eOM-MlXT'URE, TO. 1. The act of mixing; the state of being mingled ; the blending of ingredients in one mass or compound. 2. The mass formed by mingling different things ; composition ; compound.~3. In Scots law, a method of acquiring property, by blending different sub- stances belonging to different proprietors. €OM-MoDE', «. [Fr. ; 1,. commodus.] A kind of head-dress formei^y worn by ladies. €OM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. [Fr. commode.] Convenient ; suita- ble ; fit ; proper ; adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants and necessities. €OM-Mo DI-OUS-LY, ado. Conveniently ; in a commodious manner ; suitably ; in a manner to afford ease, or to pre- vent uneasiness. €0£I-Mo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. Convenience ; fitness j suita- bleness for its purpose. €OM-MOD'I-TY, ?(. [L. commoditas.] 1. Primarily, con- venience ; profit ; advantage ; interest. Li this sense nearly obsolete. 2. 1'hat which affords ease, convenience or advantage ; any thing that is useful, but particularly in commerce, including every thing movable that is bought and sold, goods, wares, merchandise, produce of land and manufactures. — Staple commodities are those which are tlie produce or manufacture of a country, and constitute the principal articles of exportation. €OM'MO-DoRE, to. [It. comandatore.] 1. The officer who commands a squadron or detachment of ships. 2. A title given by courtesy to the senior captain, when three or more ships of war are cruising in company. 3. The con- voy or leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen, which car- ries a light in her top to conduct the other ships. €OM-MOD-U-La'TION, to. [L. con and modulatio.] Meas- ure ; agreement. [Little used.] fCOMMOlGNE, n. [Fr.] A monk of the same convent. COM'MON, a. [h. communis ; Fr. commun.] 1. Belonging equally to more than one, or to many indefinitely. 2. Belonging to the public ; having no separate owner. 3. General ; serving for the use of all. 4. Universal ; be- longing to all. 5. Public ; general ; frequent. 6. Usual ; ordinary. 7. Of no rank or superior excellence ; ordinary. Applied to men, it signifies, not noble. 8. Prostitute ; lewd. — 9. In grammar, such verbs as signify both action and passion, are called common ; also, such nouns as are both masculine and feminine, as parens. Common laio, in Great Britain and the United States, the unwritten law, the law that receives its binding force from immemorial usage and universal reception, in distinc- tion from the written or statute law. — Common Pleas, in Great Britain, one of the king's courts, now held in Westminster Hall. In some of the American states, a court of common pleas is an inferior court, whose jurisdic- tion is limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a county court. — Common Prayer, the liturgy of the church of England, which all the clergy of the church are enjoin- ed to use. €OM'MON, TO. 1. A tract of ground, the use of which is not appropriated to an individual, but belongs to the public, or to a number.— 2. In law, an open ground, or that soil the * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ,— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete COM 16G COM use of which belongs equally to the inhabitants of a town or of a lordship, or to a certain number of proprietors. COM'MON, V. i. 1. To have a joint right with others in common ground. 2. To board together 3 to eat at a table in common. eOM'MON, adv. Commonly. eOM'MON-eOUN'OIL, n. The council of a city or corpo- rate town, empowered to make by-laws for the govern- ment of the citizens. eOM'MON-€OUN'ClL-MAN, n. 1, One who communi- cates in council with otliers. 2. A member of the com- mon-council of London. B. Jonson. eOjM'IVION-€RI'ER, n A crier whose occupation is to give notice of lost tilings. €OM'MON-IIALL, n. A hall or house in which citizens meet for business. €OM'MON-LAW YER, n. One versed in commmi law. €OM'MON-PLACE, n. A memorandum ; a common topic. €OM'MON-PLACE, v. t. To enter in a commonplace-book, or to reduce to general heads. — Commonplace-book, a book in which are registered such facts, opinions or observa- tions a« are deemed woi-thy of notice or remembrance, so disposed that any one may be easily found. Hence com- monplace is used as an epithet to denote what is common or often repeated, or trite. eOM'MOiV-A-BLE, a. 1. Held in common. 9. Tliat may be pastin-ed on common land. eOM'iMON-A6E, n. The right of pasturing on a common ; the joint right of ushig any thing in common with others. €OM'MON-AL-TY, ?!. 1. The common people. In Great Britain, all classes and conditions of people, v/ho are be- low the rank of nobility. 2. The bulk of mankind. eOM'MON-ER, n. 1 . One of the lower rank, or common people ; one under the degree of nobility. 2. A member of the house of commons. 3. One who has a joint right in common ground. 4. A student of the second rank in the universities in England ; one who eats at a common table. 5. A prostitute. Shak. 6. A partaker. €OM-MO-NI"TION, n. [L. commonitio.] Advice ; warn- ing ; instruction. [Little used.] €OM-MON'I-TlVE, a. Warning ; monitory. [Little used.] €OM'iVION-LY, adv. Usually ; generally ; ordinarily ; fre- quently ; for the most part. eOM'MON-NESS, 7J. 1. Frequent occurrence; a state of being common or usual. 2. Equal participation by two or more. [Little used.] €OM'i\IONS, n. plu. 1. The common people, who inherit or possess no honors ortitles ; the vulgar. Dryden. 2. In England, the lower house of Parliament, consisting of the representatives of cities, boroughs and counties. This body is called the HoiLse of Commons. 3. Common grounds ; land possessed or used by two or more persons in common. 4. Food provided at a common table, as in colleges, where many persons eat at the same table or in the same hall. — Doctors Commons, m London, a college founded by Br. Harvey, for the professors of the civil law, where the civilians common together. t eOM-MON'STRATE, ?;. «. To teach. Cocker am. €OM'MON-TY, n. In Scots laic, land belonging to two or more common proprietors ; or a heath or muir, of which there has been a promiscuous possession by pastu'-age. €OM-xAI0N-We AL', ) 11. I. An established form of gov- COM-MON- WEALTH', ( ernment or civil polity ; or, more generally, a state ; a body politic ; properhi, a free state. 2. The whole body of people in a state ; the public. 3. The territory of a state ; as, all the land witliin the limits of the commonwealth. Massachusetts. €OM-MON-WEALTH'S'MAN, n. One who favors the ccinmonwealth, or a republican government. eO.Ki MO-RANCE, )n. VL. commorans.] A dwelling or or- €OM'MO-RAN-CY, \ dmary residence in a place ; abode : habitation. €OM'MO-RANT, a. Dwelling; ordinarily residing: in- habiting. t€OM-MO-RA'TION, 71. A staying, or tarrying. Cockcram. €OM-Mo'RI-ENT, a. [L. commoriens.] Dying at the same time. eOM'MoTH-ER, n. A godmother. [Littleused.] €OM-Mo'TION, n. [L. commotio.] 1. Agitation ; as the /;ommot»iireof the sea. 2. Tumult of people ; disturbance; disorder, which may amount at times to sedition or insur- rection. 3. Agitation ; perturbation ; disorder of mind ; heat ; excitement. €OM-Mo'TION-ER, n. One who excites commotion. [Lit- tle used.] €0M-Mc3VE', V. t. [L. cojnmoveo.] To put in motion ; to disturb ; to agitate ; to unsettle ; a poetic loord. Thomson. €OM-MCNE', V. i. [Fr. communier.] 1. To converse ; to talk together familiarly ; to impart sentiments mutually, in private or familiar discourse. 2. To have intercourse in contemplation or meditation. 3. To partake of the sa- crament or Lord's supper ; to receive the communion ; a common use of the word in Am.erica. COM-MCNE , n. A small territorial district in France— one of the subordinate divisions of the country introduced Ifl the late revolution. €0M-MU'N1-BUS AN-NIS. One year with another ; on an average. — Communibus locis. One place with another ; on a medium. €OM-MU-NI-€A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being com- municable ; capability of being imparted from one to an- other. €OM-Mu'NT €A BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be commu- nicated ; capable of being imparted from one to another. 2. That may be recounted. 3. Communicative ; ready to impart ; [not used.] €OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. Being communicable. €OM-Mu'NI-€ANT, 71. One who communes at the Lord's table ; one who is entitled to partake of the sacrament, at the celebration of the Lord's supper. €OM-Mu'NI-€ATE, v.t. [h. communico.] 1. To impart ; to give to another, as a partaker . to confer for joint pos- session ; to bestow, as that which tlie receiver is to hold, retain, use or enjoy. 2. To impart reciprocally, or mu- tually ; to have or enjoy a share of. 3. To impart, as knowledge ; to reveal ; to give, as information, either by words, signs or signals. 4. To deliver ; to give. eOM-Mu'NI-€ATE, 7). i. 1. To partake of the Lord's sup- per. Taylor 2. To have a communication or passage from one to another ; to have the means of passing from one to another. 3. To have intercourse ; applied to per- sons. 4. To have, enjoy or suffer reciprocally ; to have a share with another. COM-JIli'NI-eA-TED, pp. Imparted from one to another j bestowed ; delivered. €OM-Mu'NI-€A-TING, ppr. I. Imparting; giving or be- stowing ; delivering. 2. Partaking of the sacrament of the Lord's supper. 3. Leading or conducting from place to place, as a passage ; connected by a passage or chan- nel. 4. Having intercourse by words, letters or messages ; corresponding. COM-MU-NI-Ca'TION, 7). 1. The act of imparting, confer- ring or delivering, from one to another. 2. Intercourse by words, letters or messages ; interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conierence or other means. 3. Intercourse ; interchange of knowledge ; correspondence ; good under- standing between men. 4. Connecting passage; means of passing from place to place. 5. That which is commu- nicated or imparted. — 6. In rhetoric, a trope by which a speaker or writer takes his hearer or speaker as a partner in his sentiments, and says we, instead of /or yo^i. COM-Mu'NI-CA-TIVE, a. 1. Inchned to communicate • ready to impart to others. 2. Disposed to impart or dis- close, as knowledge, opinions or facts ; free to communi- cate ; not reserved. €OM-Mu'NI-€A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being com- municative ; readiness to impart to others ; freedom from reserve. €OM-Mu'NI-CA-TO-RY, a. Imparting knowledge. €OM-MuN'ING, ppr. Conversing familiarly; having fa- miliar jntercourse. €OM-MuN'ING, n. Familiar converse ; private intercourse. E. T. Fitch. COM-MuN'ION, 71. [L. communio ; Fr. communion.] 1. Fellowship ; intercourse between two persons or more ; interchange of transactions, or offices ; a state of giving and receiving ; agreement ; concord. 2. Mutual inter- course or union in religious worship, or in doctrine and discipline. 3. The body of Christians who have one com- mon faith and discipline. 4. The act of communicating the sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration of the Lord's supper ; the partieipation of tlie blessed sacrament. 5. Union of professing Christians in a particular churcJi. — Communion-service, in the Liturgy of the Episcopal church, is the office for the administration of the holy sa- crament. COM-MuN'ION-IST, n. One who is of the same commun- ion. Dury. COM-MU'NI-TY, n. [L. communitas.] 1. Properly, com- mon possession or enjoyment. 2. A society of people, having common rights and privileges, or common inter- ests ; or living under the same laws and regulations ; a commonwealtli or state, a body politic. 3. Commonness ; frequency ; [qbs.] €OM-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of being exchanged, or put, one in the place of the other. COM-MCf'TA-BLE, a. [L. commutabilis.] That may be ex- changed, or mutually changed ; that may be given for another. — In philology, that may pass from one into an- other. €OM-MU-Ta'TION, 71. [L. commutatio.] 1. Change ; al- teration ; a passing from one state to another. 2. Ex- change ; the act of giving one thing for another ; barter. — 3. In laiD, the change of a penalty or punishment from a greater to a less ; as banishment instead of death. €OM-Mu'TA-TiVE, a. [Fr. commutatif.] Relative to ex- change ; interchangeable ; mutually passing from one to another. * See Syneysia a. E, I, 6, tj, Y, long.—VAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. coivr 167 COM eOM-MC'TA-TIVE-LY, adv. By way of reciprocal ex- cliaiige, eOM-MuTE', V. t. [L. commuto.] 1. To exchange ; to put one thing in the place of another j to give or receive one thing for another. — 2. In ImD, to exchange one penahy or punislmient for another of less severity. eOM-MuTE', v.i. To atone 3 to compensate j to stand in tJie place of. eOM-MuT'U-AL, a. Mutual ; reciprocal ; iised in poetry. eOM-PACT', a. [L. compactus.] 1. Closely and firmly united, as the particles of solid bodies ; firm ; close ; sol- id ; dense. 2, Composed ; consisting. 3. Joined ; held together. [Little Tised.] 4. iirief ; close, pithy ; not dif- fuse ; not verbose. eOM'PACT, ri. [L. compactum.] An agreement; aeon- tract between parties ; a word that may be applied, in a general sense, to any covenant or contract between indi- viduals ; but it is more generally applied to agreements between nations and states, as treaties and confedera- cies. f:OM-PA€T', V. t. 1. To thrust, drive or press closely to- gether ; to join firmly ; to consolidate ; to make close ; a3 the parts which compose a body. 2. To unite or connect firmly, as in a system. 3. To league with. -i. To com- pose or make out of. €OM-PA€T'ED, p;?. Pressed close; firmly united, or con- nected. €OM-PA€T'ED-L,Y, adv. Closely, Lovelace. eOM-PA€T'ED-NESS, n. A state of being compact ; firm- ness; closeness of parts ; density, whence results hard- ness. f- €OM-PA€T'I-BLE, a. Tliat may be joined. eOM-PA€T'lNG, ppr. Uniting closely ; consolidating. eOM-P ACTION, n. The act of making compact : or the state of being compact. eOM-PA€T'LY, adv. Closely ; densely ; with close union of parts. eOM-PA€T'WESS, n Firmness; close union of parts; density. eOM-PA€T'UP>,E, n. Close union or connection cf parts ; structure v/ell connected ; manner of joining. eOM-PA'GES, ) 71. [L.] A system or structure of many €0j\I'PA-6ES, i parts united. f €OM-PAG'IN-ATE, v. t. To set together that which is broken. eOM-PA6-I-NA'TION, n. [L. compaao.) Union of parts ; structure ; connection ; contexture. [Little used.] t €6M'PA-NA-BLE, a. Companionable. Chaucer. teoMTA-NA-BLE-NESS, «. Sociableness. Sidney. t €e:>M-PAN'I-A-BLE, a. Social. Bacon. t €OM-PAN'I-A-BLB-NESS, n. Sociableness. Hall. eOM-PAN'ION, (kom-pan'yun) n. [Fr. covipagnon.] 1. One who keeps company with another ; one with whom a person frequently associates, and converses. 2. One who accompanies another ; as two persons meeting casually and traveling together are called compuniuris. 3. A part- ner; an associate. 4. A fellow; a mate. 5. A sort of wooden porch placed over the entrance or stair-case of the cabin In merchant ships. Hence the ladder by which officers ascend to and descend from the quarter deck is called the companion ladder. €OM-PAN'ION-A-BLE, a. Fit for good fellowship ; quali- fied to be agreeable in company ; sociable ; agreeable as a companion. eOM-PAN'ION-A-BLY, adu. In a companionable man- ner. eOM-PAN'ION-SHlP, n. 1, Fellowship ; association. 2. Company ; train. €idlyl'VA-'NY,n. [It. compagnia.] 1. Inndlitary affairs, the soldiers united under the command of a captain ; a subdi- vision of a regiment. 2. Any assemblage of persons ; a collection of men, or other animals, in a very indefinite sense. 3. An assemblage of persons for entertainment or festivity ; a party collected by invitation or otherwise. 4. Persons that associate with others for conversation or pleasure ; society. 5. The state of being a companion ; the act of accompanying ; fellowship ; society. 6. A number of persons united for the same purpose, or in a joint concern. 7. The crew of a ship, including tlie offi- cers ; also, a fleet. — To bear company, to accompany ; to attend; to go with. — To keep company, to accompany; to attend ; also, to associate with frequently or habitually eoM'PA-NY, V. t. To accompany ; to attend ; to go with ; to be companion to. eOM'PA-NY, V. i. 1. To associate with; to frequent the company of. 2. To be a gay companion ; [ohs.'\ 3. To have commerce with the other sex. eOM'PA-RA-BLE, a. [L. comparabilis.] That may be com- pared ; worthy of comparison ; being of equal regard ; that may be estimated as equal. eOMTA-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree worthy to be compared, or of equal regard. eOM'PA-RATES, n. In logic, the two things compared to one another. €OM-PAR'A-TIVE, a. [L. comparativus.] 1. Estimated by comparison ; not positive or absolute. 2. Having the power of comparing difterent things.— 3. In grammar, expressing more or less. The comparative degree of an adjective expresses a greater or less degree of a quantity, or quality, than the positive; as brighter. — Comparative anatomy, that branch of anatomy v/hich treats of the anat- omy of other animals than man, with a view to compare their structure With that of human beings. + €OM-PAil'A-TiVE, n. One wJio is equal or pretends to be an equal. SlLak. eOI«[-PAil'A-li VE-LY, adv. In a state of comparison ; by comparison ; according to estimate made by comparison ; not positively, absolutely or in itself. €OM-PaRE', v. t. [L. compare] 1. To set or bring things together in fact or in contemplation, and to examine the relations they bear to each other, with a view to ascertain their agreement or disagreement. 2. To liken ; to repre- sent as similar, for the purpose of illustration. 3. To ex- amine the relations of things to each other, with a view to discover their relative proportions, quantities or quali- ties. — 4. In grammar, to form an adjective in the degrees of comparison ; as, blackish, black, blacker, blackest. 5 To get ; to procure ; to obtain ; as in Latin ; [obs.] €OM-PaRE', v. i. I. To hold comparison ; to be like or equal. 2. To vie ; [obs.] Spenser. COM-PaRE', ??. 1. The state of being compared ; compara- tive estimate; comparison; possibility of entering into com.parison, or being considered as equal. 2. Simile ; simiiitiuie ; illustration by comparison. €OM-PaR'ED, (kom-pard') pp. Set together and examined with respect to likeness or unlikeness, agreement or dis- agreement ; likened ; represented as similar. COM-PaR'ER, n. One who compares or makes a compar- ison. eOM-PAR'ING, ppr. Examining the relations of things to eac!) other ; likening. COM-PAR'I-SON, n. [It. comparazione ; Fr. comparaison.] 1. The act of comparing. 2. The state of being compared. 3. Comparative estimate ; proportion. — 4. In grammar, the formation of an adjective in its several degrees of sig- nification. 5. A simile, similitude, or illustration by si- militude. — 6. In rhetoric, a figure by which tv/o things are considered with regard to a third, which is common to them both. COM-PART', v. t. [Fr. compartir.] To divide ; to mark out a plan or design into its several parts, or subdivisions Wotton. COM'PART, n. A m.ember. Scott. eOM-PART'ED, pp. Divided into parts or apartments. eOM-PART'INU, ppr. Dividing or disposing into parts. eOxM-PAR-TI"TIOx%', n. 3. The act of dividing into parts. 2. Division ; part divided ; a separate part. Wotton, €OM-PART'MENT, 72. [Fr. compartiment.] 1. A division or separate part of a general design, as of a picture, or of a ground-plot. 2. A design composed of several different figures, disposed with symmetry, for ornament. €OM-PART'NEK, n. A sharer. Pearson. CoM'PASS, ?j. [Fr. compas] 1. Stretch; reach; extent, tlie limit or boundary of a space, and the space included. 2. A passing round ; a circular course ; a circuit. . 3. Mod- erate bounds ; limits of truth ; moderation ; due limits. 4. The extent or lim.it of the voice or of sound. 5. An instrument for directing or ascertaining the course of ships at sea, consisting of a circular box, containing a paper card marked witli the thirty-two points of direction, fixed on a magnetic needle, that always points to the north, the variation excepted. — 6. Compass or compasses, an instru- ment for describing circles, measuring figures, &c., con sisting of two pointed legs or branches, made of iron, steel or brass, joined at the top by a rivet, on which they move. 7. An instrument used in surveying land, constructed in the main like the mariner's compass. CoM'PASS, V. t. ]. To stretch round ; to extend so as to embrace the whole ; to inclose, encircle, grasp or seize. 2. To surround ; to environ ; to inclose on all sides. 3. To go or walk round. 4. To besiege ; to beleaguer ; to block up. 5. To obtain ; to attain to ; to procure ; to bring within one's power; to accomplish. 6. To pur pose ; to intend ; to imagine ; to plot ; to contrive ; as wg say, to go about to perform, but in mind only. CoM'P ASS-SAW, n. A species of saw, whose office is to cut around. €6M'PASSED, pp. Embraced ; surrounded ; inclosed ; ob- tained; imagined. €6M'PASS-ING, ppr. 1. Embracing ; going round ; inclos- ing ; obtaining; accomplishing; imagining; intending. — 2. In ship-building, incurvated ; arched. €OM-PAS'SION, n. [It. compassione.] A suffering with another ; painful sympathy ; a sensation of sorrow ex- cited by the distress or misfortunes of another ; pity ; com- miseration. t €OM-PAS'SION, V. t. To pity. Shak. €OM-PAS'SION-A-BLE, a. Deserving of pity. [L. u. \ Barrow * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as gH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete COM 1()8 COM t COM-PAS'STON-A-RY, a. Compassionate. Cotgrave. eOM-PAS'SlON-ATE, a. Having a temper or disposition to pity ; inclined to show mercy ; merciful ; having a heart that is tender, and easily moved by the distresses, suffer- ings, wants and infirmities of others. eOM-P ASSIGN- ATE, v. t. To pity j to commiserate; to have compassion for. eOx^I-PAS'SIOiV-ATE-LY, adv. With compassion ; merci- fullv. Clarendon. COM-PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. The quality of being com- passionate. €OM-PA-T£RN'I-TY, n. The relation of a godfather to the person for whom he answers. eOM-PAT-I-BlL'I-TY, n. Consistency; the quality or power of coexisting with something else ; suitableness. COM-PAT'i-BLE, a. [Fr. compatible.] 1. Consistent ; that may exist with ; suitable ; not incongruous ; agreeable. eOM-PAT'I-BLE-NESS, 71. Consistency ; fitness ; agree- ment ; the same as compatibility, which is generally used. eOM-PAT'1-BLY, ado. Fitly ; suitably ; consistently. eOiM-PA'TIENT, a. Suffering togetljer. f Little used.] * eOM-PAT'RI-OT, or COM-PA'TRI-OT, n. [It. compa- triotta.] A fellow patriot ; one of the same country. * €OM-PAT'RI-OT, a. Of the same country. €OM-PEER', 7j. [Tu.compar.] An equal ; a companion ; an associate ; a mate. €Oi\I-PEER', V. t. To equal ; to match ; to be equal with. Shak. £X)M-PEL', V. t. [L. compeUo.} 1. To drive or urge with force, or irresistibly ; to constrain ; to oblige ; to necessi- tate. 2. To force ; to take by force, or violence ; to seize. 'S. To drive together ; to gather ; to unite in a crowd or company : a Latinism, compellere gregem. 4. To seize ; to overpower ; to hold ; \_unxisual.'\ 5. To call forth ; [obs.] €OM-PEL'LA-BLE, a. That may be driven, forced or con- strained. €OM-PEL'LA-BLY, adv. By compulsion. COM-PEL-La'TION, 7!. [L. compellatio.] Style or manner of address ; the word of salutation. t €OM-PEL'LA-TO-RY, a. Having the force of compelling; compulsatory. Cavendish. COM-PEL'LE'D, (kom-peld') pp. Forced ; constrained ; obliged. COM-PEL'LER, n. One who compels or constrains. €OM-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving by force ; constraining ; obliging. COM'PEJVD, or €OM-PEND'I-UM, n. [L,. compendium.] An abridgment; a summary; an epitome; a brief compilation or composition. €0-M-PEN-DI-A'RI-OUS, a. Short; contracted. [/..?/.] t COM-PEND'I-ATE, v. t. To sum or collect together. t COM-PEND-I-OS'I-TY, n. Shortness. eOM-PEND'I-OUS, a. 1. Short ; summary ; abridged ; com- prehensive ; containing the substance or general princi- ples of a subject or work in a narrow compass. 2. Siiort ; direct; near; not circuitous. COM-PEND'I-OUS-IiY, adv. In a short or brief manner; sumnuirilv ; in brief; in epitome. €OM-PEND'I-OUS-NESS, n. Shortness ; brevity ; compre- hension in a narrow compass. eOM-PE.VS'A-BLE, a. That may be compensated. [L.u.l * eOM'PE.\-SATE, or COM-PEN'SATE, v. t. [L. com- penso.] 1. To recompense; to give an equivalent. 2. To be equivalent in value or effect to ; to counterbalance : to make amends for. * eOM'PEN-SATE, v. i. To make amends ; to supply an equivalent. — This word is generally accented on tlie second syllable, most unfortunately, as any ear will de- termine by the feebleness of the last syllables in the par- ticiples, corn-pens' a-ted, corn-pens' a-ting. * COM'P£N-SA-TED, pp. Recompensed ; supplied with an equivalent in amount or effect ; rewarded. * COM PEN-SA-TING, ppr. Givmg an equivalent ; recom- pensing ; remunerating. €OM-PEN-Sa'TION, n. 1. That which is given or received as an equivalent for services, debt, want, loss, or suffer- ing ; amends ; remuneration ; recompense. — 2. In laio, a set-off; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount. eOil-PEN'SA-TiVE, a. Maiciiig amends or compensation. eOM-PEN'SA-TO-RY, a. Serving for compensation ; mak- ing amends. t COM-PENSE', V. t. To recompense t eOM-PE-REN'DI-NATE, v. t. [L. compr.reiidino.] To delay. t €OM-PE-REN-DI-Na'TION, n. Delay ; dilatorlness. €OM-PeTE', v. i. [L. competo.] 1. To seek, or strive for the same thing as another ; to carry on competition or rivalry. 2. To strive or claim to be equal. Milner. eOM'PE-TENCE, \ n. [L. competens.] 1. Sufficiency; €0M'PE-TEN-CY, ] such a quantity as is sufficient ; property or means of subsistence sufficient to furnish the necessaries and conveniencies of life, without superfluity. 2. Sufficiency, applied to other things than prope-ty. 3 Legal capacity or qualifications; fitness. 4. Right or au- thority ; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a cause. 5. Fitness; adequacy ; suitableness ; legal suffi- ciency. €OM'PE-TENT, a. 1. Suitable; fit; convenient; hence, sufficient, that is, fit for the purpose ; adequate. 2. Qual- ified ; fit ; having legal capacity or power. 3. Incident 3 belonging ; having adequate power or right, €OM'PE-TENT-LY, adv. Sufficiently ; adequately ; suit- ably ; reasonably. t €OM-PET'I-BLE. See Compatible. t €OM-PET'I-BLE-NESS, n. Suitableness ; fitness. €OM-PeT'ING, ppr. Striving in rivalry. €OM-PE-TI"TION, n. [Low L. competitio.] 1. The act of seeking, or endeavoring to gain, what another is endeav- oring to gain, at the same time ; rivalry ; mutual strife for the same object; also, strife for superiority. 2. A state of rivalship ; a state of having equal claims. 3. Double claim ; claim of more than one to the same thing. €OM-PET'I-TOR, n. 1. One who seeks and endeavors to obtain wliat another seeks ; or one who claims what an- other claims ; a rival. 2. An opponent. €OM-PET'I-TO-RY, a. Rivaling; acting in competition Dangers of the Country. COM-PET'I TRIX ' ( "• -^ female competitor. COM-PI-La'TION,' n. ]. A collection of certain parts of a book or books into a separate book or pamphlet. 2. A collection or assemblage of other substances ; or the act of collecting and forming an aggregate. t €OM-PI-La'TOR, n. A collector. COM-PlLE', V. t. [L. comjnlo.] 1. To collect parts or pas- sages of books or writings into a book or pamphlet ; to se- lect and put together parts of an author, or to collect parts of different authors ; or to collect and arrange separate papers, lav/s or customs, in a book, code or system. 2. To write; to compose. 3. To contain; to comprise; [not used.] 4. To make up ; to compose ; l7iot used.] 5. To put together ; to build ; [not v^ed.] €OM-PlL'ED, (kom-pild') pp. Collected from authors ; se- lected and pirt together. €OM-PiLE'MENT, 7;. The act of piling together or heap- ing ; coacervation. [Little jised.] COM-PiL'ER, 71. A collector of parts of authors, or of sep- arate papere or accounts ; one who forms a book or com- position from various authors or separate papers. COM-PiL'ING, ppr. Collecting and arranging parts of books, orsepamte papers, in a body or composition. COM-PLa'CEATJE, (n. [L. complacens.] 1. Pleasure ; sat- €OM-PLa'CEN-CY, \ isfaction ; gratification. 2. The cause of pleasure or joy. 3. Complaisance : civility ; softness of manners ; deportment ana audress mat afford pleasure. — _,. the latter sense, complaisance, from the French, is now used. See Complaisance. COM-PLa CENT, ft. Civil ; complaisant. Biirke. COM-PLA-CEN'TIAL, a. Marked by complacence; ac- commodating. Ch. ReAig. Appeal. €OM-PLa CENT-LY, adc. Softly ; in a complacent man- ner. €OM-PLaLV', v.i. [Fi: complaindre.] 1. To utter expres- sions of grief; to lament." 2 To utter expressions of censure or resentment ; to murmur , to find fault. 3. To utter expressions of uneasiness or pain. 4. To charge ; to accuse of an offense ; to present an accusation against a person to a proper officer. 5. To represent injuries particularly in a writ of audita querela. COM-PLaIN', v. t. To lament ; to bewail. t COM-PLa IN' A-BLE, a. That may be complained of. COM-PLaIN'ANT, n. [Fr. complaignant.] 1. A prosecu tor ; one who prosecutes by complaint, or commences a legal process against an offender. 2. The plaintiff in a writ of audita querela. COM-PLaIN'ER, n. One who complains, or expresses grief; one who laments; one who finds fault; a mur- murer. t COM-PLaIN'FUL, a. Full of complaint. COM-PLaIN'ING, ppr. Expressing grief, sorrow or cen- sure ; finding fault ; murmuring ; lamenting ; accusing of an offense. €OM-PLaIN'ING, 11. The expression of regret, sorrow, or injury. COM- PL A INT', 71. [Fx.complainte.] 1. Expression of grief, regret, pain, censure, or resentment ; lamentation ; mur- muring ; a finding fault. 2. The cause or subject ol complaint, or murmuring. 3. Tlie cause of complaint, or of pain and uneasiness in the body ; a malady ; a disease ; usually applied to disorders not violent. 4. Accusation ; a charge against an offender. 5. Representation of inju- ries, in a general sense ; and, appropriately, in a writ of audita querela. COM'PLAI-SANCE, (Jcom'pla-zance) n. [Fr. complaisance. ^ 1. A pleasing deportment ; courtesy ; that manner of ad- dress and behavior in social intercourse which gives pleas- * See Synopsis, a, E, I, o, U, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete COM 169 COM 'ire , civility ; obliging condescension ; kind and affable reception and treatment of guests ; exterior acts of civility. 2. Condescension ; obliging compliance with the wishes or humors of otliers. 3. Desire of pleasing ; disposition to oblige. eOM'PLAl-SANT, (kom'pla-zant) a. 1. Pleasing in man- ners ; courteous ; obliging ; desirous to please. 2. Civil j courteous ; polite. COM'PLAI-SANT-LY, (kom'pla-zant-ly) ado. In a pleas- ing manner ; with civility ; with an obliging, affable ad- dress or deportment. €OM'PLAI-SANT-NESS, n. Civility ; complaisance. [Little used.] eOM'PLA-NATE, ) v. t. [L. complano.] To make level j COM-PLaNE', ) to reduce to an even surface. eOM-PLEAT'. See Complete. COM'PLE-MENT, n. [L. complementum.] 1. Fulness; completion ; whence, perfection. 2. Full quantity or number ; the quantity or number limited. 3. Tliat which is added, not as necessary, but as ornamental ; sometliing adventitious to the main thing; ceremony. [See Compli- ment.] — 4. In geometry, what remains of the quadrant of a circle, or of ninety degrees, after any arch has been taken from it.— 5. In astronomy, the distance ot a star from the zenitli. — 6. Arithmetical complement of a loga- rithm, is what the logarithm wants of 10,000,000.-7. In fortification, the complement of the curtain is that part in the interior side which makes the demigorge. eOM-PLE-MENT'AL, a. Filling ; supplying a deficiency ; completing. t eOM-PLE-MENT'A-RY, n. One skilled in compliments. COM-PLeTE', a. [L. completus.] ] . Having no deticiency ; perfect. 2. Finished ; ended ; concluded. — 3. In botany, a complete flower is one furnished with a calyx and co- rolla ; or having all the parts of a flower. €OM-PLeTE', v. t. 1. To finish ; to end ; to perfect. 2. To fill ; to accomplish. 3. To fullfil j to accomplish ; to perform. €Ux\I-PLeT'ED, pp. Finished ; ended ; perfected j fulifili- ed ; accomplished. €OM-PLeTE'LY, cdv. Fully ; perfectly ; entirely. COM-PLeTE'MENT, n. The act of completing ; a finishing. €0M-PLeTE'1VESS, 71. The state of being complete; per- fection. _ €OM-PLeT'ING, ppr. Finishing; perfecting; accomplish- ing, eOM-PLE'TION, n. 1. Fulfillment ; accomplishment, 2. Act of completing ; state of being complete ; utmost ex- tent; perfect stfite. COM-PLe'TIVE, a. Filling ; making complete. Harris. €0M'PLE-T0-RY, a. Fulfilling ; accomplishing. €OM'PLE-TO-RY, n. The evening service ; the complin of the Romish church. €OM'PLEX, or €OM-PLEX'ED, a. [L. complexus.'] I. Composed of two or more parts or things ; cornposite ; not simple ; including two or more particulars connected. 2, Involved ; difficult. eOM'PLEX, n. Assemblage ; collection ; complication. [Little used.'] eOM-PLEX'ED-NESS, n. Complication ; involution of parts in one integral ; compound state. €0M-PLEX'10N, (kom-plex'yun) n. 1, Involution; a com- plex state; [little used.] 2, The color of the skin, partic- ularly of the face ; the color of the external parts of a body or thing. 3. The temperament, habitude, or natural dis- position of the body ; the peculiar cast of the constitution, which gives it a particular physical character. €OM-PLEX'ION-AL, a. Depending on or pertaining to complexion. eOM-PLEX'ION-AL-LY, ado. By complexion. Brown. eOM-PLEX'ION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the complexion, or to the care of it. €OM-PLEX'IONED, a. Having a certain temperament or state. COM-PLEX'I-TY, n. The state of being complex ; com- plexness. €OM'PLEX-LY, adv. In a complex manner ; not simply. eOlM'PLEX-NESS, n. The state of being complex or in- volved. eOM-PLEX'URE, n. The involution or complication of one thing with others. €OM-PLi'A-BLE, a. That can bend or yield. COM-PLl'ANCE, n. 1. The act of complying; a yielding, as to a request, wish, desire, demand or proposal ; conces- sion ; submission. 2. A disposition to yield to others. 3. Obedience ; foUov/ed by with. 4. Performance ; exe- cution. €OM-PLl'ANT, a. 1. Yielding, bending. 2 Yielding to request or desire ; civil ; obliging. COM-PLI'ANT-LY, adv. In a yielding manner. ( !OM'PLI-€A-CY, n. A state of being comolex or intricate. COM'PLI-CATE, V. t [L. complico.] 1. Literally, to inter- weave ; to fold and twist together. Hence, to make complex ; to involve ; to entangle ; to unite or connect mutually or intimately, as different things or parts. 2 To mcike intricate. COM'PLI-CATE, a. 1. Complex ; composed of two or more parts united.— 2. In botany, folded together, as the valves of the glume or chaff in some grasses. COM'PLI-CA-TED, 2^2^. Interwoven- entangled ; involved ; intricate ; composed of two or more things or parts united eOM'PLI-CATE-LY, adv. In a complex manner. €OM'PLI-€ATE-NESS, n. The state of being complicated; involution ; intricacy ; perplexity. €OM'PLI-€A-TING, ppr. Interweaving; infolding ; unit- ing. €0M-PLI-€a'TI0N, n. 1. The act of interweaving, or in- volving two or more things or parts ; the state of being interwoven, involved or intimately blended. 2 The integral consisting of many things involved or interwoven, or mutually united. COM'PLlCE, n. [It. complice.] One who is united with another in the commission of a crime, or in an ill design an associate or confederate in some unlawful act or de- sign; an accomplice. The latter is now used. See Ac- complice. €OM-PLI'ED, (kom-pllde') pret. of comply. €OM-PL]'£R, n. One who complies, yields or obeys; a person of r^ady compliance ; a man of an easy, yielding temper, COM'PLI-MENT, n. [Fr, id. ; It. complimento.] 1. An ex- pression of civility, respect or regard. 2. A present or favor bestowed. COM'PLI-MENT, v. t. 1. To praise ; to flatter by expres- sions of approbation, esteem or respect. 2. To congratu- late ; as, to compliment a prince on tie birth of a son. 3. To bestow a present ; to manifest i-.Luduess or regard for, by a present or other favor. COM'PLI-MENT, v. i. To pass compliments ; to use cere- mony, or ceremonious language. COM-PLI-MENT'AL, a. Expressive of civility or respect , implving compliments. eOJiI-PLI-MENT'AL-LY, adv. In the nature of a compli- ment ; bv wav of civility, or ceremony. COM-PLI-MENT'A-RY, a. Complimental ; gratulatory ; congratulatory ; flattering. COM'PLI-MENT-ER, «. One who compliments ; one given to conipliments ; a flatterer. COM'PLINE, or COMPLIN, n. [Fr. complie.] The last division of the Romish breviary ; the last prayer at night, to be recited after sunset. COM'PLISH, for accomplish, is not now used. t eOM-PLoRE', V. i. [L. comploro.] To lament together. * eOM'PLOT, 7). [con, or com, and plot.] A plotting togeth er; a joint plot; a plot; a confederacy in some evil de- sign ; a conspiracy. eOM-PLOT', V. t. To plot together; to cor.spire ; to form ? plot ; to join in a secret design, generally criminal, COM-PLOT'MENT, n. A plotting together ; conspiracy. eOM-PLOT'TED, pp. Plotted together ; contrived. COM-PLOT'TER, 71. One joined in a plot ; a conspirator. €OM-PLOT'TING, ppr. Plotting together ; conspiring ; con- triving an evil design or crime. COM-PLY', v. i. ; pret. complied. [It. compiacere.] J. To comply inth, to fulfill ; to perfect or carry into effect ; to complete; to perform or execute. 2. To yield to; to be obsequious ; to accord ; to suit. COM-PLY'ING zcit/i, pp-. Fulfilling 3 performing; yielding to. t COM-PON'DER-ATE, «. «. [l.. compander 0.] To weigh together. COM-PoNE', ) In heraldry, a bordure compone is that COM-Po'NED, \ formed or composed of a row of angular parts or checkers of two colors. COM-Po'NENT, a. [L. componens.] Literally, setting or placing together ; hence, composing; constituting; form inga compound. COM-PoRT', 7J. I. [It. comportare ;Fr. comporter.] To com- port with, literally, to bear to or with ; to carry together. Hence, to agree with ; to suit ; to accord. COM-PoRT', V. t. I. JVith the reciprocal pronoun, to be- have ; to conduct. Burke. [Little used.] 2. To bear ; to endure^ [JVot used.] * COM'PoRT, 71. Behavior ; conduct ; manner of acting [Rarely used.] COM-PoRT'A-BLE, a. Suitable ; consistent. fCOM-PoRT'ANCE, 71. Behavior; deportment. t eOM-PoRT-A'TION, 71. An assemblage. tCOM-PoRT'MENT,7i. Behavior; demeanor; Fiannerof acting, Addison. eOM'POS MEN'TIS, [L, co7i andpos,] Possessed of mind in a sound state of mmd. COM-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. composer.] 1. To form a compound or one entire body or thing, by uniting two or more tliings- parts or individuals. 2. To invent and put togethei words and sentences ; to make, as a discourse or writing , to write, as an author. 3. To constitute, or form, as parts of a whole. 4. To calm ; to quiet ; to appease ; to * Sec Synopsis, MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z 5 CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete COM tranquLMze ; that is, to set or lay. 5. To settle ; to adjust. 6. To place in proper form, or in a quiet state. 7. To set- tle into a quiet state. 8. To dispose ; to put in a proper state for any purpose. — 9. In printing-, to set types or char- acters in a composing sticlt, from a copy, arranging tlie letters in the proper order. — 10. In music, to form a tune oi piece of music with notes, arranging tliem on the stave in such a manner as, when sung, to produce Iiarmony. COM-PoS'ED, (kom-p5zd') pp. 1. Set together, or in due or- der ; formed ; constituted ; calmed ; quieted ; settled ; ad- justed. 2. a. Calm ; sedate ; quiet 3 tranquil j free from agitation. eOM-PoS'ED-LY, adu. Calmly ; seriously ; sedately. €OM-PoS'ED-]N£SS, n. A state of being composed ; calm- ness ;sedateness ; tranquillity. €OM-PoS'ER, ?i, ^ One who composes ; one who writes an original worK, as distinguished from a compiler ; an author ; also, one wlio forms tunes, whether he adapts them to particular words or not. . 2. One who quiets or calms ; one who adjusts a difference. €OM-PoSiXG, ;,7;r. Placing together ; forming; constitut- ing ; writing an original work 3 quieting ; settling 3 adjust- ing 3 sj;tting types. COM-PoS'IiN'G-STICK, n. Among printers, an instrument on which types are set from the cases, adjusted to the length of the lines. COM-POSiTE, a. In architecture, the Composite order is the last of the five orders of columns ; so called because its capital is composed out of those of the other orders or columns. — Composite numbers are sivch as can be meas- ured exactly by a number exceeding unity, as G by 2 or 3. COM-PO-SI-'TION, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of composing, or that which is composed ; the act of forming a whole or integral, by placing together and uniting differ- ent things, parts or ingredients ; or the v/hole body, mass or compound, thus formed. — 2. In literature, the act of inventing or combining ideas, clothing them with words, arranging them in order, and, in general, committing them to paper, or otherv/ise writing them. 3. A written or printed work 3 a writing, pamphlet or book. — 4. In music, the act or art of forming tunes ; or a tune, song, antliem, air, or other musical piece. 5. The state of being placed together; union ; conjunction 5 combination. 6. The dis- ])osition or arrangement of figures connected in a picture. 7. Adjustment; orderly disposition. 8. Mutual agree- ment to terms or conditions. 9. Mutual agreement for the discharge of a debt, on terms or by means different from those required by the origmal contract, or by law, as by tiie payment of a different sum, or by making other compensation. Hence, the sum so paid, or comi)ensation given, in lieu of that stipulated or required. 10. Consist- ency ; congruity ; [little used.] 11. The act of uniting simple ideas in a comi)lex idea or conception ; opposed to a7ialysLs. 12. The joining of two words in a compound, as in book-case ; or the act of forming a word with a prefix or alhx, which varies its signification ; as return, from turn. 1.3. The synthetical method of reasoning ; synthe- sis ; a method of reasoning from known or admitted truths or principles, as from axioms, postulates or propositions previously demonstrated, and from these deducing a clear knovvledge of the thing to be proved. — 14, In printing;, the act of setting types or characters in the composing- stick, to form lines, and of arranging the lines in a galley, to make a column or page, and from this to make a form. — 15. In chemistry, tlie combination of different sub- stances, or substances of different natnres, by affinity. eOil-POfS'I-TOR, 71. 1. In printing, one who sets types, and makes up the pages and forms. 2. One who sets in order. *(:j )M-POS'I-Ti VE, a. Compounded 3 or having the power of compounding, Go;u-PO,S-SESrr.OR, n. A ibint possessor, tC;>.M-POS'SI-BLE, a. Consistent, COM'PoST, n. [It. cojnposta.] In ap-iculturc, a mixture -or composition of various manuring substances for fertiliz- irig land, CO.M'PdST, V. t. To manure with compost, tCOM-POST'URE, n. Soil ; manure. eOM-PoS'URE, (kom-po'zhur) n. 1, The act of composing, or that which is composed ; a composition, 2. Com.posi- tion ; combination ; arrangement ; order 3 [iitfle iised.] ?,. The form, adjustment, or disposition of the various parts, 4, Frame ; make ; temperament. 5. A settled state of the mind 5 sedateness ; calmness; tranquillity. 6. Agreement 3 settlementof differences 3 com.position. [Lit- tleusedA eOM-PO-TA'TION, n. [L. compotatio.] The act of drink- ing or tippling together. eOM'PO-TA-TOR, n. One who drinks with anotlier. eOM-POUND', V. t. [L, compono.] 1. To mix or unite two or more ingredients in one mass or body, 2. To unite or combine. 3. To compose 3 to constitute ; [not used.] — 4. In grammar, to unite two or more words ; to form one word of two or more. 5. To settle amicably ; to adjust 170 COM by agreement ; as a difference or controversy, 6. To pa?' by agreement ; to discharge, as a debt, by paying a part, or giving an equivalent different from that stipulated or required. — To compound felony, \s for the person robbed to take the goods again, or other com.pensation, upon an agreement not to prosecute the thief or robber. €OM-POUND'j V. ii 1. To agree upon concession 3 to come to terms of agreement, by abating something of the first demand. 2. To bargain in the lump 3 to agree. 3. To come to terms, by granting something on each side ; to agree. 4. To settle with a creditor by agi-eement, and discharge a debt by paying a part of its amount 3 or to make an agreement to pay a debt by means or in a m.an- ner different from that stipulated or required by law. — To compound with a felon, is to take the goods stolen, or other amends, upon an agreement not to prosecute him. COM'POUND, a. 1. Composed of two or more ingredients- — 2. In gram7nar, composed of two or more words. — 3, In botany, a compound flower is a species of aggregate flower, containing several florets, inclosed in a common perianth, on a connnon receptacle, COM'POUND, 11. A mass or body formed by the union or mixture of two or more ingredients or different substances 3 the result of composition, €OM-POUND'A-BLE, a. Capable of being compounded. eOJW-POUND^ED, pp. Made up of different materials 3 mix- ed 3 formed by union of two or more substances. COM-POUISTD'ER, 71. 1. One who compounds or mixes dif- ferent things. 2. One wlio attempts to bring parties to terms of agreement 3 [little used.] €05I-P0UND'ING, ppr. Uniting different substances in one body or mass 3 forming a mixed body 3 agreeing by con- cession, or abatement of demands 5 discharging a debt by agreement to pay less tlian the original sum, or in a differ- ent manner. COM-PRE-HSND', v. t. [L, comprehcndo.] 1. To contain j to include 3 to comprise, 2, To imply 3 to contain ot include by implication or construction, 3. To under- stand 3 to conceive 3 that is, to take, hold or contain in the mind 3 to possess or to have in idea. €OM-PRE-HEND'ED, pp. Contained 3 Included 3 implied : understood. €0]M-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Including 3 comprising 3 under- standing : implying. €OM-PRE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. [L. comprehensibilis.] 1. That may be comprehended, or included 3 possible to be com prised. 2. Capable of being understood 3 intelligible : con ceivable by the mind. COM-PRE-HEN SI-BLE-NESS, n. Capability of being un- derstood. €OM-PRE-HEN'SI-BLY, adv. With great extent of em- brace, or comprehension 3 with large extent of significa- tion ; in a manner to comprehend a"large circuit. €OM-PRE-IiEN'SION, n. [L. comprehensio.] 1, The act or quality of comprehending, or containing ; a comprisifig, 2. An including or containing within a nairov.' compiss 3 a summary ; an epitome or compend. 3. Capacity cf the mind to understand ; power of the understanding to re- ceive and contain ideas ; capacity of knowing. — Jn rheto- ric, a trope or figure by which the name of a whole is put for a part, or that of a part for a whole, or a definite num- ber for an indefinite. €0M-PRE-HEN'S1VE, a. 1. Having the quality of compris- ing much, or including a great extent ; extensive. 2. Hav- ing the power to comprehend or understand many things at once. €OM-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. 1, In a comprehensive manner 3 with great extent of embrace, €0M-PRE-HEN'S1VE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being comprehensive, or of including much extent, 2, Tlie quality of including much in a few words or narrow com- pass. t€0M-PRE-HEN'S0R, ??. One who has obtained knowl- edge. Hall. €OAi-PRES-BY-TE'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the Presbyte- rian form of ecclesiastical ministration. eOM-PRESS', V. t. [L. compressus.] 1. To press together by external force 3 to force, urge or drive into a narrower compass 3 to crowd, 2, To embrace camally, 3. To crowd ; to bring within narrow limits or space. eOMTRESS, 71. In siLrgery, a bolster of soft linen cloth, with several folds, used by surgeons to cover a plaster or dressing. COM-PRESS'ED, (kom-prest ) pp. I. Pressed or squeezed togetiier ; forced into a narrow or narrower compass ; em- braced carnally. — 2. In botany, flatted 3 having the two opposite sides plane or flat. €OM-PRESS-I-B[L'I-TY, n. The quality of being compress- ible, or yielding to pressure ; the quality of being capa- ble of compression into a smaller space or compass. €OM-PRESS'I-BLE, a. Capable of being forced or driven into a narrower compass ; yielding to pressure ; giving way to a force applied. * See Synopsis, a, K, T, 6, V, Y, long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MAElNE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. COM 171 CON eOM-PRESS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Compressibility ; the quality of being compressible. €GM-PE,ES'SION, n. 1. The act of compressing, or of pressing into a narrower compass ; the act of foicing the parts of a body into closer union or density, by the appli- cation offeree. 2. The state of being compressed. €OM-PRESS'IVE, a. Having power to compress. eOM-PRESS'URE, n. The act or force of one body pressing against another ; pressure. t tOMTRlEST, 72. A fellow priest. Milton. €0M-PR1NT', v.i. [See Print.] To print together. It is taken, in law, for the deceitful printing of another's copy, or book, to the prejudice of the proprietor. [Little used.] eOSI-PRlS'AL, n. The act of comprising or comprehend- ing. Barrow. eOM-PRlSE', V. t. XFv. compris.] To comprehend; to con- tain ; to include ; as, the substance of a discourse may be comprised m a few words. €OM-PRiS'ED, (kom-prizdOi>?. Comprehended; contained. eOM-PRlS'ING, ppr. Containing ; including ; comprehend- ing. €0 U'PRO-BATE, 1/'. i. To agree in approving; to concur in testimony. Elyot. €OM-PRO-Ba'TION, n. [L. comprobatio.] Proof; joint at- testation. [Little used.] eOM'PRO-MlSE, n. [L. compr amis sum.] 1. A mutual promise or contract of two parties in controversy, to refer their differences to the decision of arbitrators. 2. An aiisicable agreement between parties in controversy, to settle their differences by mutual concessions. 3. Mutual agreement^ adjustment, eo;vl'PRO-MlSE, V. t. 1. To adjust and settle a difference by mutual agreement, with concessions of claims by the pJirties ; to compound. 2. To agree ; to accord. 3. To commit ; to put to hazard ; to pledge by some act or dec- laration. t €OM'PRO-ML«E, iJ. i. To agree; to accord. Fuller. COM'PRO-MlSED, pp. Settled by agreement with mutual concessions. eOM'PRO-MIS-ER, n. One who compromises. (OOI'J'PRO-BIlS-lNG, ppr. Adjusting by agreement. COPH-PROM-IS-So'RI-AL, a. Relating to a compromise. eOM'PRO-MIT, V. t. [Fr. compr omettre.] To pledge or en- gage, by some act or declaration, which may not be a di- rect promise, but wliich renders necessary some future act. Hence, to put to hazard, by some previous act or measure, which cannot be recalled. eorvI'PRO-MIT-ED, pp. Pledged by some previous act or declaration. €0MT!10-M[T-ING, ppr. Pledging; exposing to hazard. €OM-PRO-VIN'CIAL, n. One belonging to the same prov- ince or archiepiscopal jurisdiction. t eOMPT, (comt) n. [Fr. compte.] Account ; computation. f €OMPT, V. t. To compute. See Count. f- eOMPT, a. [L. cotnptus.] Neat ; spruce. f eOMPT'I-BLE, a. Accountable; subject; submissive. t eOMPT'LY, ado. Neatly. Sherwood. \ eOMPT'NESS, 71. Neatness. Sherioood. eOMP'TO±>T-ITE, 71. A newly-discovered mineral. GOMP-TRoLL', from Fr. compter, L. computo, to count or compute, and rolle, a register. If this word were of gen- uine origin, both the verb and its derivative, comptroller, as applied to a public officer, would not be sense. But tiiere is no such legitimate word in English, nor in any other known lansuage. See Control. COM-PULS'A-TlVE, or €OM-PULS'A-TO-RY, a. [L. comp'dliu^.] Compelling ; forcing ; constraining ; ope- rating by force. eOil-PULS'A-TiVR-LY, adv. By constraint or compul- sion. eOM-PUL'SION, 71. [Low L. compulsio.] 1. The act of driving or urging by force, physical or moral ; force ap- plied ; constraint of the will ; the application of a force that is irresistible. 2. The state of being compelled or urged by violence. COM-PUL'SIVE, a. Having power to compel; driving; forcing ; constraining ; applying force. eOM-PUL'SIVE-LY, adv. By compulsion ; by force. eOM-PUL'SIVE-NESS, n. Force ; compulsion. €OM-PULS'0-RI-LY, adv. In a compulsory manner; by force or constraint. €OM-PULS'0-RY, a. Having the power or quality of com- pelling ; applying force ; driving by violence ; constrain- ing. t €0:VI-PUN€T', a. Pricked; stimulated. COM-PUNC'TION, n. [L. compuvctlo.] 1. A pricking ; stimulation ; irritation. 2. A pricking of heart ; poignant grief or remorse, proceeding from a consciousness of guilt; the sting of conscience proceeding from a conviction of having violated a moral duty. eOM-PUNC'TiOUS, a. Pricking the conscience; giving pain for offenses committed. eOM-PUNC'TIVE, a. Causing remorse. eOM-PCfPIL, n. A fellow pupil. [Little used.] €OM-PUR-Ga'TION, n. [L. compurgo.] In law, the act ot practice of justifying a man by the oath of others, who swear to their belief of his veracity. COM-PUR-Ga'TOR, n. One who bears testimony or swears to theveracity or innocence of another. €OM-Pu'TA-BLE, a. Capable of being computed, number- ed or reckoned. t eOM'PU-TATE, 7j. t. To account; to reckon. Cocker aw. eOM-PU-TA'TION, 71. [L. computatio.] 1. The act of computing, numbering, reckoning or estimating ; the pro cess by which different sums or particulars are numbered estimated or compared. 2. The sum, quantity or amouni ascertained by computing or reckoning. 3, Calculation. €OM-VvTB',v.t. [li. computo.] 1. To number ; to count ; to reckon ; to cast together several sums or particulars, to ascertain the amount or aggregate. 2. To cast or estimate in the mind; to estimate the amount by know^n or suppos- ed data^ 3. To calculate. t eOM-PuTE', 71. Computation. Brown. €OM-PuT'ED, pp. Counted ; numbered ; reckoned ; esti- mated. €OM-PuT'ER, n. One who computes, a reckoner ; a calcu- lator. _Swift. €OM-PuT'lNG, jjjjr. Counting; numbering; reckoning, estimating. \ COMPU-TIST, n. A computer. Wotton. *€OM'RADE, n. [Fr. camarade.] A fellow ; a mate or com- panion ; an associate in occupation. t COM'RoGUE, n. A fellow rogue. CON. A Latin inseparable preposition or prefix to other words. In compounds, it is changed into I before I, as in colUgo, to collect, and into wi before a labial, as in comparo, to com.pare. Before a vowel or h, the 71 is drop- ped ; as in coalesco, to coalesce, to <: ^ j.erate; cohibeo, to restrain. It denotes union, as in conjoin ; or opposition, as in conflict, contend. CON. [abbreviated from Latin contra, against.] In the phrase pro and con, for and against, con denotes the neg- ative side of a question. As a noun, a person who is in the negative ; as, the pros and cons. eON, V. t. [Sax. ccunan, connan, cunnan.] 1. To know ; [ohs.] 2. To make one's self master of; to fix in the mind, or commit to memory ; as, to co7i a lesson. Jvlilton. — To con thanks, to be pleased or obliged, or to thank : [obs.] Shak. €0-Na'TUS, 7;. [L.] 1. Effort; attempt. 2. The tenden- cy of a body towards any point. Palcy. eON-€AM'SR-ATE, t\ t. [L. co7ica??iero.] To arch over; to vault ; to lav a concave over. €ON-CAM'ER-A-TED, pp. Arched over. €ON-€AM-lSR-A'TiON, 71. An arching; an arch or vault. €ON-€AT'E-NATE, v. t. [It. concatenare.] To link to- gether ; to unite in a successive series or chain, as things depending on each other. €ON-€AT'E-NA-TED, pp. Linked together ; united in a CON-CAT-E-Na'TION, n. A series of links united ; a suc- cessive series or order of things connected or depending on each other. tCON-eAU.«E', 7?. Joint cause. Fotherby. CON-GA-VaTION,*?!. The act of making concave. CON'CAVE, a. [L. concavus.] 1. Hollow, and arched or rounded, as the inner surface of a spherical body. 2. In botany, a concave leaf is one whose edge stands above the disk. CON'CAVE, 71. A hollow; an arch or vault; as, the etlie- real concave. CON'CAVE, V. t. To make hollow. Seward. eON'CAVE-NESS, n. Hollowness. eON-€AV'I-TY, n. [It. concavitd.] Hollowness ; the inter- nal surface of a hollow spherical body, or a body of other figure ; or the space Avithin such body. COisf-CA'VO-CON'CAVE, a. Concave or hollow on both surfaces. CON-Ca'VO-CON'VEX, a. Concave on one side, and con- vex on the other. CON-Ca'VOUS, a. [L. concaviis.] Concave, which see. CON-Ca'VOUS-LY, adv. With hollowness; in a manner to discover the internal surface of a hollow sphere. CON-CeAL', v. t. [LoAV L. concelo ] 1. To keep close or secret ; to forbear to disclose ; to withhold from utterance or declaration. 2. To iiide , . o wiluuiu,', from observa- tion ; to cover or keep from sight. CON-CeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be concealed, hid, or kept close. CON-CkAL'ED, (kon-seeld') pp. Kept close or secret ; hid ; withdrawn from sight ; covered. ^.0N-Ci5AL'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be detected. t CON-CeAL'ED-NESS, 71. Privacy; obscurity. Diet. CON-CeAL'ER, 71. One who conceals. CON-CeAL'ING, ppr. Keeping close or secret; forbearing to disclose ; hiding ; covering. CON-CeAL'ING, 71. Abiding; a withholding from disclo- sure. See Synopsis MOVE BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— G as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z 5 CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. CON 172 CON CON-CeAL'MENT, n. 1. Forbearance of disclosure; a keeping close or secret. 2. The act of hiding, covering, or withdrawing from sight. 3. The state of being hid or concealed ; privacy ; as, a project formed in concealment. 4. The place of hiding; a secret place; retreat from ob- servation ; cover from sight. eON-CEDE', V. t. [L. concedo.] 1. To yield ; to admit as tnie, just, or proper; to grant; to let pass undisputed. 2. Toallow ; to admit to be true. €ON-CeDE', v. i. To admit ; to grant. Bentley. f:ON-CED'ED, pp. Yielded ; admitted ; granted ; as, a question, proposition, fact or statement is conceded. (JON-CeD'ING, Tppr. Yielding ; admitting ; granting. eON-CElT', n. [It. concetto.} 1. Conception ; that which is conceived, imagined or formed in the mind ; idea ; thought; image. 2. Understanding; power or faculty of conceiving ; apprehension ; as, a man of quick conceit ; [nearly antiquated.] 3. Opinion; notion; fancy ; imagi- nation ; fantastic notion ; as, a strange or odd conceit. 4. Pleasant fancy ; gayety of unagination. 5. A striking thought ; affected or unnatural conception. 6. Favorable or self flattering opinion; a lofty or vain conception of one's own person or accomplishments. — Out of conceit with, not having a favorable opinion of; no longer pleas- ed vi'ilh. eON-CElT', i; t. To conceive; to imagine; to think; to fancv. _ t eON-CElT', V. i. To form a notion ; to conceive. eoN-CElT'ED, pp. 1. Conceived ; imagined ; fiincied. 2. part. a. Endowed with fancy or imagination ; [ohs.] 3. a. Entertaining a flattering opinion of one's self; hav- ing a vain or too high conception of one's own person or acconi^plishments ; vain. eON-CEiT'ED-LY, adv. In a conceited manner ; fanciful- ly ; whimsically. eON^-CElT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being conceited ; conceit ; vanity ; an overweening fondness of one's own person _or endowments. t eON-CElT'LESS, a. Of dull conception ; stupid ; dull of apprehension. Shak. eON-CElV'A-BLE, a. [Fr. concevahle.] 1. That may be hnagined or thought; capable of being framed in the mind by the fimcy or imagination. 2. That may be un- derstood or believed. f:OX-CElV'A-BLE-NES3, n. The quality of being conceiv- able. _ eoX-CElV'A-BLY, adv. In a conceivable or intelligible m-\nner. €Oi\-CElVE', V. t. [Fr. concevoir.] 1. To receive into the womb, and breed ; to begin the formation of the embryo or fetus of an animal. 2. To lorra in the mind ; to ima- gine ; to devise. 3. To form an idea in the mind ; to un- dei-stand ; to comprehend. 4. To think ; to be of opinion ; to have an i^dea; to imagine. CON-CeIVE', v. i. 1 . To have a fetus formed in the womb ; to breed ; to become pregnant. 2. To think ; to have a conception or idea. 3. To understand ; to comprehend ; to have a complete idea of. eOX-CElV'ED, (kon-seevd') pp. Formed in the womb; framej in the mind ; devised ; imagined ; understood. €ON-CeIV'ER, n. One that conceives ; one that compre- hends. eOX-CElV'IN3, ■pj)r. Forming a fetus in the womb ; fram- ing in the mind ; imagining ; devising ; thinking • com- prehending. COX-CeIV'I.VG, n. Apprehension ; conception. t€OX-CEL'E-BRATE, v. t. To celebrate together. CON-CENT', ?!. [L. conce/itMs.] 1. Concert of voices ; con- cord of sounds ; harmony. 2. Consistency ; accordance. eON-CENT'El), part. a. Made to accord. Spenser. €U\-CENT'FUL, a. Harmonious. Fotherhy. €OX-CEN'TRATE, v. t. 1. To bring to a common centre, or to a closer union ; to cause to approach nearer to a point or centre ; to bring nearer to each other. 2. To in- crease the specific gravity of bodies. 3. To free from ex- traneous matter ; as, to concentrate an acid. eO.V-CEN TRA-TED, pp. Brought to a point or centre; brought to a closer union ; reduced to a narrow compass ; collected into a closer body. COX-CEXiTRA-TfNG, ppr. Bringing to a point, or to closer union ; collecting into a closer body or narrow compass. CON-CEN-TRa TfOX, 71. The act of concentrating ; the act of bringing nearer together ; collection into a central point ; compression into a narrow space ; the state of be- ing brought to a point. €ON-CEN'TRE, ) v. i. [Fr. concentrer.] To come to a point, €ON-CEN'TER, \ or to meet in a common centre ; used of convex sTingr lines, or other things that meet in a point. eON-CEN'TRE, v. t. To draw or direct to a common cen- tre ; to bring to a point, as two or more lines or other things. eON-CEN'TRED, pp. Brought to a common centre ; unit- ed in a point. €ON-CEN'TRie, a. [It. concentrico.] Having a cotntfion eON-CEN'TRING, ppr. Tending to a common centre . bringing to a centre. €ON-CENT'U-AL, a. Harmonious ; accordant. €ON-CEP'TA-€LE, n. [L. conceptaculum.] 1. That in which any thing is contained ; a vessel ; a receiver or re- ceptacle. — 2. In botany, a follicle ; a pericarp of one valve^ opening longitudinally on one side, and having the seeds loose in it. I €ON-CEP'TI-BLE, a That may be conceived ; conceiv- able ; intelligible. €ON-CEP'TION, 71. FL. conceptio.] 1. The act of conceiv- ing ; the first formation of the embryo or fetus of an ani- mal. 2. The state of being conceived. — 3. InpneuMatol- ogy, apprehension of any thing by the mind ; the act of conceiving in the mind. 4. Conception may be sometimes used for the power of conceiving ideas, as when w^e say, a thing is not within our conception. 5. Purpose conceiv- ed ; conception wath reference to the performance of an act. 6. Apprehension ; knowledge. 7. Conceit ; affected sentiment or thought. t €ON-CEP'TIOUS, a. Apt to conceive ; fruitful ; pregnant. Shak. €ON-CEP'TIVE, a. Capable of conceiving. [Little used.] Broion. CON-CERN', V, t. [Fr. concemcr.] 1. To relate or belong to. 2. To relate or belong to in an emphatical manner ; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to. 3. To interest or affect the passions ; to take an interest in ; to engage by feeling or sentiment. 4. To disturb ; to make uneasy ; [little 2ised.] 5. To intermeddle. eON-CERK', 71. 1. That which relates or belongs to one business ; affair. 2. Interest ; importance ; moment ; that which affects the welfare or happiness. 3. Affection regard ; careiul regard ; solicitude ; anxiety. 4. Persona connected in business ; or their affairs in general. €ON-CERN'ED, (kon-sernd') pp. or a. I. Interested ; engag- ed ; having a connection with that which may affect the interest, welfare or happiness. 2. Interested in business ; having connection in business, 3. Regarding with care ; solicitous ; anxious. COX-CERN'ED-IiY, adv. With affection or interest. €ON-CERN'ING, pp-. [commonly, but not correctly, class- ed among prepositions.] Pertaining to ; regarding ; hav- ing relation to. t€0N-CERK'JNG,7!. Business. Shak. €ON-CERN'MENT, r.. 1. The thing in which one is con- cerned or interested ; concern; affair; business; interest. 2. A particular bearing u]X)n the interest or happiness of one ; importance ; moment. 3. Concern ; interposition ; meddling. 4. Emotion of mind ; solicitude. CON-CERT', V. t. [It. concertare.] To contrive and settle by mutual communication of opinions or propositions , to settle or adjust. CON'CERT, n. 1. Agreement of tAvo or more in a design or plan ; imion formed fay mutual communication of opin- ions and views ; accordance in a scheme; harmony. 2. A number or company of musicians, playing or singing the same piece of music at the same time ; or the music of a company of players or singers, or of both united. 3, A sinsing in company. 4. Accordance ; harmony. eON-CER-TA'TION, 71. Strife; contention. [Little used.] t€ON-CER'TA-TlVE, a. Contentious ; quarrelsome. Diet, eON-CERT'O, n. [It.] A piece of music for a concert. Mason, €0N-CES'3I0N, 71. [L. co7iccs.9io.] 7 The act of granting or yielding. 2. The thing yielded. — 3. In rhetoric or de- hate, the yielding, granting, or allowing to the opposite party some point or fact that may bear dispute, v»'ith a view to obtain something vi^hich cannot be denied, or to show that, even admitting the point conceded, the cause is not with the adverse party, but can be maintained by the advocate on other grounds. 4. Acknowledgment by way of apology ; confession of a fault. €ON-CES'3ION-A-RY, a. Yielding by indulgence or allow ance. €ON-CES'SIVE, a. Implying concession. CON-CES'SIVE-LY, adv. By way of concession or yield- ing; by way of admitting what may be disputable. Brown. jCON-CET'TO, n. [It.] Affected wit; conceit. [JTotEn^ lish.] CONCH, 71. [L. concha.] A marine shell. €ON-CHIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. concha and fero.] Producing or having shells. CON-CHIL'I-OUS, a. Of or belonging to shells. CONCH'iTE, 71. A fossil or petrified conch or shell, CON-CHOID', 71. [conch, and Gr. eiSog.] The name of a curve, given to it by its inventor, Nieomedes. CON-CHOID'AL, a. In mineralojgnj, resembling a conch or marine shell ; having convex elevations, and concave de- pressions, like shells. C0N-CH0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to conchology. • See Synopsis A,K,1, 0, C, Y, long.— FaR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD i~ t Obsolett CON 173 CON t/ON-eHOL'0-6lST, n. One versed in the natural history of shells or shell-fish ; one who studies the nature, prop- erties and habits of shells and their included animals. eON-€HOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. Koyxv and Xoj/oj.] The doctrine or science of shells and shell-fish. eON-€HOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Koyxn and fterped).] An In- strument for measuring shells. €ON-€HY-La'GEOUS, a. Pertaining to shells ; resembling a shell. eO]\-€HYL-I-OL'0-6lST, J Sometimes used as synonyms eON-€HYL-I-OL'0-6Y, \ of the preceding words ; but they are words of inconvenient length, and useless. €ON*CIA-TOR, n. In glass-works, the person who weighs and proportions the salt on ashes and sand, and who works and tempers them. eON-ClER6E', n. [Fr.] The keeper of a palace ; a house- keeper. t€ON-ClL'I-A-BLE,n. [L.conciliabulum.] A small assem- bly. Bacon. eON-CIL'IAE., a. Pertaining or relating to a council. [Lit- tle used.] eON-CIL'IATE, V. t. [L. concilio.] 1. To lead or draw to, by moral influence or power ; to win, gain or engage, as the affections, fkvor or good will. 2. To reconcile, or bring to a state of friendship, as persons at variance. eON-CIL lA-TED, pp. Won; gained 3 engaged by moral influence, as by favor or affection ; reconciled. eON-CILIA-TING, ppr. 1. Winning; engaging; recon- ciling. 2. a. Winning ; having the quality of gaining favor. eON-CIL-I-A TION, n. The act of winning or gaining, as esteem, favor or affection ; reconciliation. eON-CIL-I-A'TOR, n. One who conciliates or reconciles. eON-CIL lA-TO-RY, a. Tending to conciliate, or recon- cile ; tending to make peace between persons at variance ; pacific. t €OxV-CIN'NATE, v. t. To make fit. CocUram. eON-CIN'NI-TY, n. [L. condnnitas .] 1. Fitness ; suita- bleness ; neatness ; [little used.] 2. A jingling of words. CON-CIN'NOUS, a. [L. concinnus.] Fit ; suitable ; agree- able ; becoming ; pleasant. t €ON-CIO-Na'TOR, n. A preacher. eON'CIO-NA-TO-RY, a. [L. concionatorius.} Used in preaching, or discourses to public assemblies. eON-ClSE', a, [L. concisMs.] Brief ; short, applied to lan- guage or style ; containing few words ; comprehensive ; comprehending much in few words, or the principal mat- ters only. €ON-ClSE'LY, adv. Briefly ; In few words ; comprehen- sively. eON-ClSE'NESS, 71. Brevity in speaking or writing. eON-Clffi'ION, n. [Low L. concisio.] Literally, a cutting off. Hence, in Scripture, the Jews, or those who adhered to circumcision. €ON-CI-Ta'TION, n [L. concitatio.] The act of stirring up, exciting or putting in motion. t €ON-CrTE',_?;. (. [L. concito.] To excite. eON-€LA-MA'TION, n. [L. conclamatio.] An outcry or shout of many together. €ON'€LAVE, 71. [L. conclave.] 1, A private apartment, particularly the room in which the cardinals of the Rom- ish church meet in privacy, for the election of a pope. 2. The assembly or meeting of the cardinals, shut up for the election of a pope. 3. A private meeting ; a close assem- bly. eON-€LtJDE', V. t. [L. concludo.] 1. To shut. 2. To in- clude ; to comprehend. 3. To collect by reasoning ; to infer, as from premises ; to close an argument by inferring. 4. To decide ; to determine ; to make a final judgment or determination. 5. To end ; to finish. 6. To stop or re- strain, or, as in law, to estop from further argument or proceedings ; to oblige or bind. eON-GLuDE', V. i. 1. To infer, as a consequence ; to de- termine. 2. To settle opinion ; to form a final judgment. 3. To end. eON-€LuD'ED, pp. Shut j ended ; finished ; determined ; inferred; comprehended: stopped, or bound. eON-€LuD'EN-CY, n. Inference ; logical deduction from premises. GON-GLuD'ENT, a. Bringing to a close : decisive. GON-GLuD'ER, 71. One who concludes. eON-GLuD'ING, ppr. 1. Shutting ; ending ; determining ; inferring ; comprehending. 2. a. Final ; ending ; clos- ing ; as_, the concluding sentence of an essay. eON-GLuD'ING-LY, adv. Gonclusively ; with incontro- vertible_ evidence. [Little used.] eON-GLu'SI-BLE, a. That may be concluded or inferred : determijiable. [Little used.] eON-GLu'SION, 71. [L. conclusio.] 1. End ; close ; the last part. 2. The close of an argument, debate or reason- ing ; inference that ends the discussion ; final result. 3. Determination ; final decision. 4. Gorisequence ; infer- ence ; that which is collected or drawn from premises ; particular deduction from propositions, facts, experience, or reasoning. 5. The event of experiments ; experiment [little used.] 6. Confinement of the thoughts ; silence [71 ot used.] t GON-GLU'SION-AL, a. Concluding. Hooper. GON-GLU'SIVE, a. [It. conclusivo.] 1. Final ; decisive 2. Decisive; giving a final determination; precluding a further act. 3. Decisive ; concluding the question ; put- ting an end to debate. 4. Regularly consequential. GON-GLtJ'SIVE-LY, adv. Decisively ; with final determi- nation. GON-GLtJ'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being conclusive, or decisive ; the power of determining the opinion, or of settling a question. GON-GO-AG'U-LATE, v t. To curdle or congeal one tiling with another. GON-GO-AG'U-LA-TED, pp. Curdled ; concreted GON-GO-AG'U-LA-TING,2);w. Concreting ; curdling GON-GO-AG-U-La'TION, 71. A coagulating together, as different substances, or bodies, in one mass. Crystaliza tion of different salts in the same menstruum. GON-GOGT', V. t. [L. concoquo, concoctum.] I. To digest by the stomach, so as to turn food to chyle or nutriment. 2. To purify or sublime ; to refine by separating the gross or extraneous matter. 3. To ripen. GON-GOGT'ED, pp Digested ; purified ; ripened. GON-GOGT'ING, ppr. Digesting ; purifying ; ripening. GON-GOG'TION n. [L. concoctio.] 1. Digestion or solu- tion in the stomach ; the process by which food is turned into chyle. 2. Maturation ; the process by which morbid matter is separated from the blood or humors, or other- wise changed and prepared to be thrown off. 3. A ripen- ing ; the acceleration of any thing towards perfection. GON-GOGT'IVE, a. Digesting ; having the power of digest- ins or ripening. t GON-G6L'OR, a. Of one color. Broion. GON-GOM'I-TANGE, ) n. [L. con and ccmitor.] A being CON-GOM'I-TAN-CY, \ together, or in connection with anoJier tiling. GON-GOM'I-TANT, a. Accompanying ; conjoined with ; concurrent ; attending. GON-GOM'I-TANT, n. A companion ; a person or thing that accompanies another, or is collaterally connected. GON-GURl'I-TANT-LY, adv In company with others. t GON-GOJVI'I-TATE, v. t. To accompany or attend ; to be collaterally connected. Harvey. GON'GORD, 71. [Fr. covcorde } L. concordia.] 1. Agree- ment between persons ; union in opinions, sentiments, views or interests ; peace ; harmony. 2. Agreement be- tween things ; suitableness; harmony. — 3. In 7n7i5ic, con- cent of sounds ; hannony ; the relation between two or more sounds which are agreeable to the ear. [See Chord.] 4. A compact ; an agreement by stipulation ; treaty. 5. — In law, an agreement between the parties in a fine, made by leave of tlie court. — 6. In grammar, agreement of words in constraction. — Fonn of concord, in ecclesiasti- cal history I is a book among the Lutherans containing a system of doctrines to.be subscribed as a condition of com munion, cnmpooed at Torgaw m 1576 fGON-GORD', V. i. To agree. Lord Clarendon. GON-GORD'A-BLE, a. Agreeing ; harmonious. GON-GORB'A-BLY, adv. With agreement. Rogers. GON-GGRD'ANGE, n. [Fr. concordance.] I. Agreement. — 2. In grammar, concord ; [not used.] 3. A dictionary in which the principal words used in the Scriptures are ar- ranged alphabetically, and the book, chapter and verse in wliich each word occurs are noted. GON-GORD'AN-GY, n. Agreem.ent GON-GORD'ANT, a. Agreeing ; agreeable ; correspondent ; harmonious. GON-GORD'ANT, n. That which is accordant. GON-GORD'ANT-LY, adv. In conjunction. GON-GORD'AT, n. In the canon laio, a compact, covenant or agreement concerning some beneficiary matter, as a resignation, permutation, promotion and the like. In par- ticular, an agreement made by a prince with the pope rel- ative to the collation of beneiices. GON-GORD'IST, n. The compiler of a concordance. Ch Observer. fGON-GOR'POR-AL, a. Of the same body. Diet. GON-GOR'PO-RATE, v t. [L. concorporo.] To unite differ- ent things hi one mass or body ; to incorporate. [Little used.] GON-GOR'PO-RATE, v. L To unite in one mass or body GON-GOR-PO-Ra'TION, 71. Union of things in one mass or body. GON'GoURSE, n. [Fr. concours.] 1. Amoving, flowing or running together ; conf.uence. 2. A meeting ; an as- sembly of men; an assemblage of things ; a collection formed by a voluntary or spor.^neous moving and meeting in one place. 3. The place or point of meeting, or a meet- ing ; the point of junction of two bodies. JYewton. GON-GRE-aTE', v.t. To create with, or at the same time. GON-GRE-aT'ED, j?p. Created at the same time, or in union with. ♦ See Synovsia. MOVE, BOQK , D6VE ;-BULL, UNITB -€ as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete CON 174 CON t €ON-€RED'IT, v. t. To intrust. Barrov;. €ON-€RE-Ma'TION, 71. [L. concremo.l The act of burn- ing f^ifferent things together. {Little jtsecf.] €ON'€RE-MENT, n. [Low L. concrementum.] A growmg together ; the mass formed by concretion. Hale. €ON-€Ri^S'CENCE, n. [L. concrcsceiitia.] Growth or in- crease ; the act of growing or increasing by spontaneous union, or the coalescence of separate particles. Raleigh. €Oi\-€RES'CI-BLE, a. Capable of concreting ; that may csngeal or be changed from a liquid to a solid state. €ON'€RETE, a. [L. concretus.] 1. Literally, united in growth. Hence, formed by coalition of separate particles in one body ; consistent in a mass 3 united in a solid forxn. — 2. In logic, applied to a subject ; not abstract. — A concrete number expresses or denotes a particular subject, as three men. eOJVeRETE, n. 1. A compound ; a mass formed by con- cretion. — ^2. In philosophy, a mass or compound body, made up of different ingredients j a mixed body or mass. — 3. In logic, a concrete term ; a term that includes both the quality and the subject in which it exists. eOX-eRETE', V. i. To unite or coalesce, as separate par- ticles, into a mass or solid body, chiefly by spontaneous cohesion, or other natural process. €ON-€ReTE', v. t. To form a mass by the cohesion or co- alescence of separate particles. €ON-€ReT'ED, pp. United into a solid mass ; congealed ; inspissated ; clotted. €ON-€ReTE'LY, adv. In a concrete manner ; in a man- ner to include the subject with the predicate ; not ab- stractly_. JSTorris. eON-€RETE'NESS, n. A state of being concrete ; coagu- lation. _ CON-€ReT'ING, ppr. Coalescing or congealing in amass ; becoming thick ; making solid. €ON-€Re'TION, n. 1. The act of concreting ; the process by which soft or fluid bodies become thick, consistent, solid or hard. 2. Tlie mass or solid matter formed by growmg together, by congelation, condensation, coagula- tion or induration ; a clot ; a lump. €ON-r:lE'TIVE, a. Causing to concrete ; having powprto produce concretion; tending to form a solid mass from separate j)articles. t CON-CRe'TURE, n. A mass formed by concretion. t CON-CREW, V. i. To grow together. Spenser. €;0N-€u'BI-NA6E, n. [Fr.] The act or practice of cohab- iting, as man and woman, in sexual commerce, without the authority of law, or a legal marriage. t OON-Cu'BI-NA-RY, a. Relating to concubinage t €ON-Cu'BI-NATE, n. Whoredom ; lewdness. eON'CU-BlNE, n. [Yx.;!^. concuhina.'] 1. A woman who cohabits with a man, without the authority of a legal mar- riage ; a woman kept for lewd purposes ; a kept mistress. 2. A wife of inferior condition ; a lawful wife, but not united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of in- ferior condition. eON-CUL'CATE, v. t. [L. conculco.] To tread on ; to tram- ple under foot. Mountagu. CON-CUL-Ca'TION, 7?. A trampling under foot. [JVot 7nuch used.] eON-CD'PIS-CENCE, n. [L. concupiscentia.] Lust ; unlaw- ful or irregular desire of sexual pleasure; inclination for unlawful enjoyments. eON-Cu'PIS-CENT, a. Desu-ous of unlawful pleasure ; li- bidinous. tCON-CU-PIS-CEN'TIAL, a. Relating to concupiscence. CON-CtJ'PIS-CI-BLE, a. Excitmg or impelling to the en- joyment of carnal pleasure ; inclming to the attainment of pleasure or good. CON-CUR', V. i. [L. concurro.] 1. To meet in the same point ; to agree. 2. To agree ; to join or unite, as in one action or opinion ; to meet, mind with mind. 3. To unite or be conjoined, with the consequential sense of aiding, or contributing power or influence to a common object. CON-CUR RENCE, tj. 1. A meeting or coming together; union ; conjunction. 2. A meeting of minds ; agreement in opinion ; union in design ; implying joint approbation. 3. A meeting or conjunction, whether casual or intend- ed ; combination of agents, circumstances or events. 4. Agreement; consent; approbation. 5. Agreement or consent, implying joint aid or contribution of power or influence 6. A meeting as of claims, or power ; joint rights ; implying equality in different persons or bod- ies eON-CUR REN-CY, 71. The same as concurrence ; hut little used. eON-CUR'RENT, a. 1. Meeting ; uniting ; accompanying ; acting in conjunction ; agreeing in the same act ; contrib- uting to the same event or effect; operating with. 2. Conjoined ; associate ; concomitant. 3. Joint and equal ; existing together, and operating on the same objects. eON-CUR'RENT, n. That which concurs; joint or con- tributory cause. eON-CUR'RENT-LY, adv. With concurrence ; united y CON-CUR'RING, ppr. Meeting in the same point ; agree- ing ; running or acting together ; uniting in action ; con- tributing to the same event or effect ; consenting. CON-CUS-Sa'TION, n. [See Concussion.] A violent shock or agitation. eON-CUS'SED, a. Shaken. Cockeram. eON-CUS'SION, 77. [L. concussio.l 1. The act of shaking, particidarly and properly, by the stroke or impulse of an- other body^ 2. The state of being shaken ; a shock ; as the concussion of the brain by a stroke. It is used also for shaking or agitation in general. CON-CUS'SIVE, a. Having the power or quality of shak ing. Johnson. COND, V. t. [Fr. coiiduire.] In seamen^s language, to con duct a ship ; to direct the man at helm how to steer. CON-DEMN', (kon-dem') v. t. [L. condemno.] 1. To pro- nounce to be utterly wrong ; to utter a sentence of disap- probation against ; to censure ; to blame. 2. To deter- mine or judge to be wrong, or guilty ; to disallow ; to dis- approve. 3. To witness against ; to show or prove to be wrong, or guilty, by a contrary practice. 4. To pro- nounce to be guilty ; to sentence to punishment ; to utter sentence against judicially ; to doom. 5. To doom or sentence to pay a fine ; to fine. 6. To judge or pronounce to be unfit for use or service. 7. To judge or pronounce to be forfeited. CON-DEM'NA-BLE, a. That may be condemned ; blam- able ; culpable. Brown. CON-DEM-Na'TION, 7t. [L. condemnatio.] 1. The act of condemning ; the judicial act of declaring one guilty, and dooming him to punishment. 2. The state of being con- demned. 3. The cause or reason of a sentence of con- demnation. John iii. CON-DEM'NA-TO-RY, a. Condemning 3 bearing condem- nation or censure. CON-DEM'NED, (kon-demd') pp. Censured; pronounced to be wrong, guilty, urorthless or forfeited 3 adjudged or sentenced to punishment. CON-DEM'NER, n. One who condemns or censures. CON-DEM'NING, ppr. Censuring; disallowing; pronounc- ing to be wrong, guilty, worthless or forfeited ; sentenc- ing to punishment. CON-DENS' A-BLE, a. Capable of being condensed ; that may be compressed into a smaller compass, and into a more close, compact state. CON-DENS'ATE, v. t. To condense ; to compress into a closer form ; to cause to take a more compact state ; to make more dense. CON-DENS'ATE, v. i. To become more dense, close or hard. CON-DENS'ATE, a. Made dense ; condensed ; made more close or compact. CON-DEN-Sa'TION, a. [L. condensatio.] The act of mak- ing more dense or compact ; or the act of causing the parts that compose a body to approach or unite more closely, either by mechanical pressure, or by a natural process ; the state of being condensed. CON-DENS'A-TlVE, a. Havmg a power or tendency to condense. CON-DENSE', (ken-dens') v. t. [L. condenso.] 1. To make more close, thick or compact ; to cause the particles of a body to approach, or to unite more closely, either by their own attraction or affinity, or by mechanical force. 2. To make thick ; to inspissate. 3. To compress into a smaller compass, or into a close body ; to crowd. CON-DENSE', (kon-dens') v. i. To become close, or more compact, as the particles of a body ; to approach or unite more closely ; to grow thick. CON-DENSE', (kon-dens') a. Close in texture or compo- sition ; compact ; firm ; dense ; condensated. See Dense, wliich is generally used. CON-DENS'ED, (kon-densf) pp. Made dense, or more close in parts ; made or become compact ; compressed into a narrower compass. CON-DENS'ER, 71. He or that v/hich condenses ; particu- larly a pneumatic engine or syringe in which air may be COlTlDrCSSGll. CON-DENS'I-TY, 7i. The state of being condensed ; dense- ness : density. [The latter are generally iised.] COND'ER, 71. [Fr. conduire.] I. A person who stands upon a cliff, or elevated part of the sea-coast, in the time of the herring fishery, to point out to the fishermen, by signs, the course of the shoals of fish. 2. One who gives directions to a helmsman how to steer the ship. fCON-DE-SCENCE', 77. Descent from superiority. Puller. CON-DE-SCEND', v. i. [It. condescendere.] 1. To descend from the privileges of superior rank or dignity ; to submit or yield, as to an inferior. 2. To recede from one's riglits in negotiation, or common intercom-se, to do some act, which strict justice does not require. 3. To stoop or de- scend ; to yieM ; to submit ; implying a relinquishment of rank, or dignity of character, and sometimes a sinking into debasement. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long— FA.'R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. CON 175 CON tX3N-DE-SCENiyENCE, n. A voluntary yielding or sub- mission to an inferior. €ON-DE-SCEND'ING, ppr. 1. Descending from rank or distinction in tlie intercourse of life ; receding from riglits or claims ; yielding. 2. a. Yielding to inferiors ; courte- ous ; obliging. eON-DE-SCEND'ING-LY, adv. By way of yielding to in- feriors ; with voluntary submission ; by way of kind con- cession ; courteously. eON-DE-SCEN'SION, n. Voluntary descent from rank, dignity or just claims ; relinquishment of strict right ; sub- mission to inferiors in granting requests or performing acts which strict justice does not require. €ON-DE-SCEN'SIVE, a. Condescending; courteous. t eON-DE-SCENT', 71. Condescension. Bp. Hall. eON-DiGN', (kon-dine') a. [L. condignus.] Deserved ; worthy ; merited ; suitable. eON-DIG'NI-TY, n. Merit ; desert.— In school divinity, the merit of human actions which claims reward, on the score of justice. eON-DlGN'LY, (kon-dine'ly) adv. According to merit. €ON-DlGN'NESS, (kon-dine'nes) n. Agreeable ness to de- serts ; suitableness. €ON'DI-MENT, n. [L. condimentiim.] Seasoning; sauce; lliat which is used to give relish to meat or other food, and to gratify the taste. €ON-DIS-Cl'PLE, n. [L. condiscipulus.] A school fellow ; a learner in the same school, or under the same instructor. eON-DlTE', V. t. [L. condio. conditum.'l To prepare and preserve with sugar, salt, spices, or the like ; to pickle. Taylor. [Little used.] eON-DlTE'MENT, n. A composition of conserves, pow- ders, and spices, in the form of an electuary. [Little- iised.] eON-DlT'ING, ppr. Preserving. [Little iised.] €ON-DI"TION, n. [L. conditio.) 1. State ; a particular mode of being ; applied to external circumstances, to the body, to the mind, and to things. 2. Quality ; property ; attribute. 3. State of the mind ; temper ; temperament : complexion. 4. Moral quality ; virtue or vice. 5. Rank, that is, state with respect to the orders or grades of socie- ty, or to property. 6. Terms of a contract or covenant ; stipulation ; that is, that which is set, fixed, established or proposed. 7. A clause in a bond, or other contract con- taining terms or a stipulation that it is to be performed, and, in case of failure, the penalty of the bond is to be in- curred. 8. Terms given, or provided, as the ground of something else ; that which is established, or to be done, or to happen, as requisite to another act. €ON-Di''TION, V. i. To make terms ; to stipulate. eON-Di"TION, V. t. To contract ; to stipulate. €ON-DI"TION-AL, a. 1. Containing or depending on a con- dition or conditions ; made with limitations ; not absolute ; made or granted on certain terms.— 2. In grammar and logic, expressing a condition or supposition. eON-Dl"TION-AL, n. A limitation. Bacon. €ON-DI-TION-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being condi- tional, or limited ; limitation by certain terms. eON-Di'TION-AL-LY, adv. With certain limitations ; on pai-ticular terms or stipulations ; not absolutely or posi- tively. teON-Dl"TION-A-RY, a. Conditional ; stipulated. t €ON-DI"TrON-ATB, a. Conditional ; established on cer- tain terms. Hamrnond. teON-Di"TION-ATE, v. t. To qualify ; to regulate. €ON-Di"TIONED, pp. 1. Stipulated ; containing terms to be fierformed. 2. a. Having a certain state or qualities. This word is usually preceded by some nualifvin(r term. t €ON-DI"TION-LY, adv. On certain terms. '' eON-DoLE', V. i. [L. condoleo.] To feel pain, or to grieve, at the distress or misfortunes of another. eON-DoLE', v. t. To lament or bewail with anotlier, or on account of another's misfortune. [Uimsual.] eON-DoLE'MENT, ri. Grief; pain of mind at another's loss or misfortune ; sorrow ; mourning. €ON-Do'LENCE, n. Pain of mind, or grief excited by the distress or misfortune of another. €ON-DoL'ER, 71. One who condoles. €ON-DoL'ING, ppr. Grieving at another's distress. €ON-DoL'ING, n. Expression of grief for another's loss. €0N DO-MA, n. An animal of the goat kind, as large as a stag, and of a gray color. eON-DO-NA'TION, n. [L. condono.] The act of pardoning. [Little used.] CON'DOR, n. The largest species of fowl hitherto discover- ed ; a_native of South America. eON-DuCE', V. i. [L. conduco.] To lead or tend ; to con- tribute.— In the transitive sense, to conduct, it is nat au- thorized. fCON-DuCE', V. t. To conduct ; to accompany in tlie way. eON-DuCE'MENT, n. A leading or tending to ; tendency. Gregory. €ON-Du'CENT, a. Tending or contributing to. €ON-Du'CI-BLE, a. [L. conducibilis.] Leading or tending to ; having the power of conducing ; having a tendency to promote or forward. CON-DC'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of leading or con tributing to any end. €ON-Du'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner promoting an end. €ON-Du'CIVE, a. That may conduce or contribute ; hav- ing a tendency to promote. €ON-DO'CIVE-NESS, n. The quality of conducing or tend- ing to promote. Boyle. €ON'DU€T, 71. [Sp. conducta.] 1. Literally, the act of leading ; guidance ; command. 2. The act of convoying, or guarding ; guidance or bringing along under protection Skak. 3. Guard on the way ; convoy ; escort. Shak. — 4. In a general sense, personal behavior ; course of actions ; deportment ; applicable equally to a good or bad course of actions. 5. Exact behavior : regular life. Swift. 6. Man- agement ; mode of carrying on. 7. The title" of two cler- gymen appointed to read prayei-s at Eton college in Eng- land. €ON-DU€T', V. t. [Sp. conducir.] 1. To lead ; to bring along ; to guide ; to accompany and show the way. 2. To lead ; to direct or point out tlie way. 3. To lead ; to usher in ; to introduce ; to attend in civility. 4. To give a di- rection to ; to manage ; applied to things. 5. To lead, as a commander ; to direct ; to govern ; to command . 6 With the reciprocal pronoun, to conduct one^s self, is to behave. Hence, by a customary omission of the pronoun, to conduct, in an intransitive sense, is to behave ; to direct personal actions. 7. To escort ; to accompany and pro- tect on the way. CON-DUCT'ED, pp. Led ; guided ; directed ; introduced , commanded ; managed. €ON-DU€T'ING, ppr. Leading; escorting; introducing, commanding ; behaving ; managing. €ON-DUe'TION, 71. 1. The act of training up; [obs.] 2. Transmission by a conductor. €0N-DU€-TI"T10US, a. [L. conductitius.] Hired; em- ployed for wages. Jlyliffe. €ON-DUeT'OR, n. I. A leader ; a guide ; one who goes be- fore or accompanies, and shows the way. 2. A chief; a commander ; one who leads an army or a people. 3. A director ; a manager. — 4. In surgery, an instrument which serves to direct the knife in cutting for the stone, and in laying up sinases and fistulas ; also, a machine to secure a fractured limb. — 5. In electrical experiments, any body that receives and communicates electricity. 6. A metallic rod, erected by buildings or in ships, to conduct lightning to the earth or water, and protect the building from its ef- fects. €ON-DU€T'RE£S, n. A female who leads or directs ; a di- rectress. eON'DUIT, (kon'dit) ?(. [Fr. condtiit.] 1. A canal or pii)e for the conveyance of water ; an aqueduct. 2. A vessel that conveys the blood or other lluid. 3. A conductor 4. A pipe '^r cock for drawing ofi" liquor. 5. Any clum- nel that conveys water or fluids; a sink, sewer or drain. €ON-DU'PLI-€ATE, a. [L. conduplicatus.] Doubled or folded over or together. €ON-Du'PLI-€ATE, v. t. To double ; to fold together. €ON-Du'PLI-€A-TED, a. Doubled ; folded together. €ON-DU-PLI-€a'TION, n. [L. coriduplicatio.] A doubling ; a duplicate. CON'DYL, 71. [L. condylus.] A protuberance on the end of a bone ; a knot, or joint ; a knuckle. CON'DY-LOID, a. [Gr. kovSvXos and eiSos.] The condyloid process is the posterior protuberance at the extremities of the under jaw. €0N'DY-L0ID, n. The apophysis of a bone ; the projecting soft end, or process of a bone. CONE, 7?. [Fr. cone ; Gr. kwvos.] 1. A solid body or figure having a circle for its base, and its top terminated in a point or vertex, like a sugar-loaf. — 2. In botany, the conical fruit of several evergreen trees, as of the pine, fir, cedar and cypress. CO'NEPATE, or CO'NEPATL, n. An animal of the weasel kind in America. Co'NEY. See Cont. €ON-PAB'U-LATE, v. i. [L. confabulor.] To talk familiar- ly together ; to chat ; to prattle. [Little used.] Cowper. CON-FAB-U-La'TION, n. [L. confabulatio.] Familiar talk ; easy, unrestrained, unceremonious conversation. €ON-FAB'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Belonging to familiar talk- [Little used.] t eON-FA-MlL'IAR, a. Very familiar. €ON-FAR-RE-A'TION, n. [L. confarreatio.] The solemn! zation of marriage among the Romans, by a ceremony in which the bridegroom and bride tasted a cake made ot flour, with salt and water. tCON-FAT'ED, a. Fated together. t CON-FECT', V. t. To make sweetmeats. See Comfit. CON'FECT, 71. [L. confectus.] Something prepared with sugar or honey, as fruit, herbs, roots and the like ; a sweet- meat. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; 'f H as in this, f Obsolete CON 176 CON eON-FEG'TION, n. [L. confectio.] 1. Any thing prepared with sugar, as fruit ; a sweetmeat ; something preserved. 2. A ctmpos'lion or mixture. 3. A soft electuary. eON-FEe'TlON-E-RY, or €ON-FE€'TIONER, n. One whose occupatiuu is to make or to sell sweetmeats, &c. €ON-FEt:;'TION-E-RY, n. 1. A place for sweetmeats ; a place where sweetmeats and sijnilar things are made or sold. 2. Sweetmeats in general J things prepared or sold by a confectioner. eON-FE€'TOR, n. [L.J An officer in the Roman games, whose business wels to kill any beast that was dangerous. eON-FE€'TO-RY, a. Pertainmg to the art of making sweetmeats, €ON-FED'ER-A-CY, n. [Low L. confcedcratio.] 1. A league, or covenant ; a contract between two or more persons, bodies of men or states, combined in support of each other, in some act or enterprise ; mutual engage- ment ; federal compact. 2. The persons, states or nations united by a league. — 3. In law, a combination of two or more persons to commit an unlawful act. eON-FED'ER-ATE, a. [Low L. confaderatus.] United in a league ; allied by treaty ; engaged in a confederacy. f ON-FED'ER-ATE, n. One who is united with others in a league ; a person or nation engaged in a confederacy ; an ally. Dryden. €ON-FED'ER-ATE, v. i. [Fr. confederer.] To unite in a league ; to join in a mutual contract or covenant. eON-FED'ER-ATE, v. t. To unite in a league ; to ally. €ON-FED'ER-A-TED, yp. United in a league. eON-FED'ER-A-TING, ppr. Uniting in a leasue. eON-FED-ER-A'TION, n. [Fr. confederation.) 1. The act of confederating ; a league ; a compact for mutual sup- port ; alliance, particularly of princes, nations or states. 2. The United States of America are sometimes called the confederation. €ON-FER', V. i. [Fr. conferer.] To discourse ; to converse ; to consult together ; implying conversation on some seri- ous or important subject, in distinction from mere talk, or light, familiar conversation. €ON FER', V. t. 1. To give, or bestow ; followed by on. 2. To compare ; to examine by comparison ; literally, to T>r"i!T together ; [o&s.] [See Compare.] 3. To contribute ; to conduce to ; that is, to bring to ; fobs.] eON'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr. conference.) 1. Tlie act of con- versing on a serious subject ; a discoursing between two or more, for the purpose of instruction, consultation, or deliberation ; formal discourse ; oral discussion. 2. A meeting for consultation, discussion or instruction. 3. Comparison ; examination of things by comparison j [obsJ eON-FER'RED, (kon-ferd') pp. Given ; imparted ; be- stowed. €ON-FER'RER, n. One who confers ; one who converses ; one who bestows. eON-FER'RING, ppr. Conversing together ; bestowing. eON-FER'RING, n. 1. The act of bestowing. 2. Compari- son ; examination. eON-FER'VA, n. In botany, hairweed. €ON-FESS', V. t. [Fr. confesser.] 1. To own, acknowledge or avow, as a crime, a fault, a charge, a debt, or some- thing that is against one's interest, or reputation.— 2. In the Catholic church, to acknowledge sins and faults to a priest ; to disclose the state of the conscience to a priest, in private, with a view to absolution ; sori)etimes with the reciprocal pronoun. 3. To own, avow or acknowledge ; publicly to declare a belief in and adherence to. 4. To own and acknowledge, as true disciples, friends or cliil- dren. 5. To own ; to acknowledge ; to declare to be true, or to admit or assent to in words ; opposed to deny. 6. To show by the effect ; to prove ; to attest. 7. To hear or re- ceive the confession of another. eON-FESS', V. i. To make confession ; to disclose faults, or the state of the conscience. eON-FESS'ANT, n. One who confesses to a priest. (■ €ON-FESS'A-RY, n. One who makes a confession. eOX-FESS'ED, (kon-fesf) pp. Owned ; acknowledged ; de- clared to be true ; admitted in words ; avowed ; admitted to disclose t j a priest. CON-FESS'LD-LY, adn. 1. By confession or acknowledg- ment ; avowedly ; undeniably. 2. With avowed pur- pose. eON-FESS'ING, ppr. Owning; avowing; declaring to be true or real ; granting or admitting by assent ; receiving disclosure of sins, or the state of the conscience of another. eON-FES'SION, n. 1. The acknowledgment of a crime, fault, or something to one's disadvantage ; open declara- tion of guilt, failure, debt, accusation, &c. 2. Avciwal ; the act of acknowledging ; profession. 3. The act of dis- closing sins or faults to a priest ; the disburdening of the conscience privately to a confessor ; sometimes called au- ricular confession. 4. A formulary in which the articles of faith are comprised ; a creed. 5. The acknowledgment of a debt by a debtor before a justice of the peace, &c., on which judgment is entered and execution issued. €ON-FES'SION-AL, n. The seat where a priest or ccmfessor sits to hear confessions ; a confession-chair. €ON-FES'SION-A-RY, n. [Sp. confesionario.] A confes- sion-chair, as above €ON-FES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to auricular confession eON-FES'SION-IST, n. One who makes a profession of faith. Mountagu. *€ON-FESS'OR, n. [Fr. confesseur ,• Sp. confesor.] 1. One who confesses ; one who acknowledges his sins. 2. One who makes a profession of his faith in the Christian reli- gion. The word is appropriately used to denote one who avows his religion in the face of danger, and adheres to it in defiance of persecution and torture. 3. A priest ; one who hears the confessions of others, and has power to grant them absolution. €ON-FEST', pp. Owned ; open ; acknowledged ; apparent ; not disputed. €ON-FEST'LY, adv. [for confessedly.] Avowedly ; indis- putably. [Little used.) t €ON-Fl"CIENT, a. [L. conjiciens.] That causes or pro- cures. *€0]V'FI DANT, ) n. [The latter is the regular English or- CON'FI-DENT, ) thography, as sanctioned by Mitford and others.] One intrusted with secrets ; a confidential or bosom friend. CON-FIDE', V. t. [L. confdo.] To trust ; to rely on, with a persuasion of faithfulness or veracity in the person trust- ed, or of the reality of a fact ; to give credit to ; to believe in, with assurance. CON-FiDE', V. t. To intrust ; to commit to the charge of, with a belief in the fidelity of the person intrusted ; to de- liver iiito possession of another. €ON-FlD'ED, pp. Intrusted ; committed to the care of, for preservation, or for performance or exercise. CON'FI-DENCE, ?!. [L. confidentia.) 1. A trusting, or re- liance ; an assurance of mind or firm belief in the integri- ty, stability or veracity of another, or in the truth and re- ality of a fact. 2. Trust ; reliance ; belief in one's own competency. 3. That in which trust is placed ; ground of trust ; he or that which supports. 4. Safety, or assur- ance of safety ; security. 5. Boldness ; courage. 6. Ex- cessive boldness ; assurance, proceeding from vanity or a false opinion of one's own abilities or excellencies. €OX'FI-DENT, a. 1. Having full belief ; trusting ; relying ; fully assured. 2. Positive; dogmatical. 3. Trusting; without suspicion. 4. Bold to a vice ; having an excess of assurance. CON'FI-DENT, n. One intrusted with secrets ; a confiden- tial or bosom friend . Mitford. €ON-FI-DEN'TIAL, a. 1. Enjoying the confidence of an- other ; trusty ; that may be safely trusted. 2. That is to be treated or kept in confidence ; private. 3. Admitted to special confidence. €ON-FI-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In confidence; in reliance or secrecy. €ON'FI-DENT-LY, adv. With firm trust ; with strong as- surance ; without doubt or wavering of opinion ; posi- tively. €ON'FI-DENT-NESS, n. Confidence ; the quality or state of having full reliance. CON-FID'ER, n. One who confides ; one who intrusts to another. €ON-FIG'U-RATE, v. i. [L. configjiro.) To show like the aspects of the planets towards each other. €ON-FIG-U-Ra'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. External form, figure, shape ; the figure which bounds a body. 2. Aspects of tlie planets ; or the face of the horoscope, according to the aspects of the planets toward each other at any time. 3. Resemblance of one figure to another. CON-FIG'URE, V. t. [L. configure.'] To form ; to dispose in a certain form, figure or shape. CON-FiN'A-BLE, a. That may be confined or limited. CON'FINE, V. [L. confinis.] Border ; edge ; exterior part ; the part of any territory which is at or near the end or ex- tremity. It is used generally in the plural. CON'FINE, a. Bordering on ; lying on the border ; adja- cent ; having a common boundary. CON'FINE, V. i. [Fr. confiner.] To border on ; to touch the limit ; to be adjacent or contiguous, as one territory, king- dom or state to another. CON-FINE', V. t. [Sp. confinar.] 1. To bound or limit ; to restrain within limits ; hence, to imprison ; to shut up ; to restrain. 2. To immure; to keep close, by a voluntary act. 3. To limit or restrain voluntarily, in some act or practice. 4. To tie or bind ; to make fast or close. 5. To restrain by a moral force. CON-FlN'ED, (kon-find') pp. Restrained within limits ; im- prisoned ; limited ; secluded ; close. CON'FiNE-LESS, a. Boundless ; unlimited ; without end CON-FINE'MENT, n. 1. Restraint within limits; impris . onment ; any restraint of liberty by force or other obsta- cle or necessity. 2. "Voluntary restraint; seclusion 3. Voluntary restraint in action or practice 4. Restraint from going abroad by sickness, particularly by child-birth See Synopsis A, E, T, 6, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. CQN ]77 CON €ON-PTN'ER, n. He or that which limits or restrains. €ON'FlN-ER, w. 1. A borderer; one who lives on con- fines, or near the border of a country. 2. He or that which is near the limit ; a near neighbor ; lie or that which is adjacent or contiguous. €ON-FlN'ING, ppr. Restraining ; limiting ; imprisoning. €0N-FIN'1-TY, n. [L. confinitas.] Contiguity ; nearness ; neighborhood. Diet. €ON-FiRM', V. t. [L. confirmo.] 1, To make firm, or more firm; to add strength to; to strengthen. 2. To fix more firmly ; to settle or establish. 3. To make firm or certain ; to give new assurance of truth or certainty ; to put past doubt. 4. To fix; to radicate. 5. To strength- en ; to ratify. 6. To make more firm ; to strengthen. 7. To admit to the full privileges of a Christian, by the impo- sition of hands. eON-FiRM'A-BLE, a. That may be confirmed, established or ratified ; capable of being made more certain. eON-FIRM-A'TlON, n. 1. The act of confirming or estab- lishing; a fixing, settling, establishing or making more certain or firm ; establishment. 2. The act of ratifying. 3. The act of giving new strength. 4. The act of giving new evidence. 5. That which confirms ; that which gives new strength or assurance ; additional evidence ; proof; convincing testimony. — 6. In /aw, an assurance of title, by the conveyance of an estate or right in es^c, from one man to another, by which a voidable estate is made sure or unavoidable, or a particular estate is in- creased, or a possession made perfect. — 7. In clmrck af- fairs, the act of ratifying the election of an archbishop or bishop, by the king, or by persons of his appointment. 8. The act or ceremony of laying on of hands, in the ad- mission of baptized persons to the enjoyment of Christian privileges. €ON-FiRM'A-TlVE, a. Having the power of confirming ; tending to establish. eON-FIRM-A'TOR, n. He or that which confirms. €ON-FiRM'A-TO-RY, a. 1. That serves to confirm; giv- ing additional strength, force or stability, or additional as- surance or evidence. 2. Pertaining to the rite of confirm- ation. eON-FiRM'ED, (kon-fermd') pp. 1. Made more firm; strengthened ; established. 2. Admitted to the full priv- ileges of the church. €ON-FiRM'ED-NESS, n. A fixed state. €ON-PlRM'ER, n. He or that which confirms, establishes or ratifies ; one that produces new evidence ; an at- tester. €ON-FiRM'ING, ppr. Making firm or more firm ; strength- ening; ratifying; giving additional evidence or proof; establishing. €ON-FiRM'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to strengthen or make firm. eON-FIS'€A-BLE, a. That may be confiscated; liable to forfeiture. Browne. * €ON'FIS-€ATE, or €ON-FIS'€ATE, v. t. [L. confisco.] To adjudge to be forfeited to the public treasury. * €ON'FI&-€ATE, a. Forfeited and adjudged to the public treasuiy, as the goods of a criminal. * €ON'FIS-eA-TED, pp. Adjudged to the public treasury, as forfeited goods or estate. * €ON'FIS-€A-TING, ppr. Adjudging to the public use. €ON-FIS-€a'TION, n. The act of condemning as forfeited, and adjudging to the publlo treasury. €ON'FIS-€A-TOR, n. One who confiscates. €ON-FIS'eA-TO-RY, a. Consigning to forfeiture. Burke. eON'FIT, n. A sweetmeat. See Confect. €ON'FI-TENT, n. [L, confitens.] One who confesses his sins and faults. [JVot rmich used.] €ON'FI-TURE, n. [Fr.] A sweetmeat ; confection ; comfit. Bacon. CON-FIX', V. t. [L. configo.] To fix down ; to fasten, Shak. eON-FIX'ED, (kon-fiksf) pp. Fixed down or to ; fastened. eON-FIX'ING, ppr. Fixing to or on ; fastening. CON-FIX'URE, n. The act of fastening. CON-FLa'GRANT, a. ['L.coiiflagrans.] Burning together; involved in a common flame. €ON-FLA-GRa'TION, n. [L. conflagratic] 1. A great fire, or the burning of any great mass of combustibles, as a house, but more especially a city or a forest. 2. The burning of the world at the consummation of things. €ON-FLa'TION, n. [L, conflatio.] 1. The act of blowing two or more instruments together. 2. A melting or cast- ing of metal. [Little used.] t €0N-FLEX URE, n. A bending. eON'FLICT, n. [L. conflictus.] 1. A striking or dashing against each other, as of two moving bodies in opposition ; violent collision of substances. 2. A fighting ; combat, as between men, and applicable to individuals or to ar- mies. 3. Contention; strife; contest. 4. A struggling with difiiculties ; a striving to oppose, or overcome. 5. A struggling of the mind ; distress ; anxiety. 6. The last struggle of life ; agony. 7. Opposing operations ; counter- vailing action ; collision ; opposition. CON-FLICT', V. i. To strike or dash against ; to meet and oppose, as bodies driven by violence. 2. To drive or strike against, as contending men or armies ; to fight ; to contend with violence. 3. To strive or struggle to resist and overcome. 4. To be in opposition, or contradictory €0N-FLICT'1NG, ppy. 1. Striking or dashing together; fighting ; contending ; struggling to resist and overcome. 2. a. Being m opposition ; contrary ; contradictory. CON'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. covfluentia.] 1. A flowing to gether ; the meeting or junction of two or more streams of water, or other fluid; also, the place of meeting. 2. The running together of people ; the act of meetiiig and crowding in a place ; a crowd ; a concourse 3 A collec- tion ; meeting ; assemblage. CON'FLU-ENT, a. [L. covfluens.] 1. Flowing together meetmg in their course, as two streams. — 2. In medical science, running together, and spreading over a large sur- face of the body. — 3. In botany, united at the base ; grow- ing in tufts. eON'FLUX, 71. [Low L. co?i^7mo.] 1. A flowing togeth- er, a meeting of two or more currents of a fluid. 2. A collection ; a crowd ; a multitude collected. eON-FLUX-1-BIL'I-TY, n. The tendency of fluids to run together. [Little used.] Boyle. CON-FORM', a. [L. conformis.] Made to resemble ; assum- ing the same form ; like ; resembling. [L. u.] Bacon. CON-FORM', V. t. [L. conformo.] 1. To make like, in ex- ternal appearance ; to reduce to a like shape, or form, with somethmg else ; with to. 2. More generally, to re- duce to a likeness or coirespondence in manners, opinions or moral qualities. 3. To make agreeable to; to square witJi a rule or directory. CON-FORM', V. i. To comply with, or yield to ; to live or act according to. 2. To comply with ; to obey. CON-FORM' A-BLE, a. I. Coirespondent ; having the same or similar external form or shape ; like ; resem- bling. 2. Having the same or similar manners, opinions, or moral qualities. 3. Agreeable ; suitable ; consistent. 4. Compliant ; ready to follow directions ; submissive * obsequious ; peaceable ; disposed to obey. CON-FORM' A- ELY, adv. With or in conformity ; suitably; agreeably. CON-FORM-a'TION, n. The manner in which a body i3 formed ; the particular texture or structure of a body, or disposition of the parts which compose it ; fonn ; struc- ture. 2. The act of conforming; the act of producing suitableness, or conformity. — 3 In medical science, the particular make or construction of the body peculiar to an individual. CON-FORM'ED, (kon-formd') pp. Made to resemble ; re- duced to a likeness of; made agreeable to ; suited. CON-FORM'ER, n. One who conforms ; one who complies with established forms or doctrines. CON-FORM'ING, ppr. Reducing to a likeness; adapting; complying with. CON-FORM'IST, n. One who conforms or complies ; appro- priately, one who complies with the worship of the church of England, or of the established church, as distin- guished from a Dissenter, or JVonconformist. €ON-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Likeness ; correspondence with a model in form or manner ; resemblance ; agreement ; con- gruity with something else. 2. Consistency ; agreement. — 3. In theology, correspondence in manners and princi- ples ; compliance with customs. I CON-FOR-Ta'TION, n. The act of comforting or giving strength. Bacon. CON-FOUND', V. t. [Fr. confondre.] 1. To mingle and blend diflerent things, so that their forms or natures can- not be distinguished ; to mix in a mass or crowd, so that individuals cannot be distinguished. 2. To throw into disorder. 3. To mix or blend, so as to occasion a mistake of one thing for another. 4. To perplex; to disturb the apprehension by indistinctness of ideas or words. 5. To abash ; to throw the mind into disorder ; to cast down; to make ashamed. 6. To perplex with terror; to terrify ; to dismay ; to astonish ; to throw uito conster- nation ; to stupify with amazement. 7. To destroy ; to overthrow. CON-FOUND'ED, pp. 1. Mixed or blended in disorder; perplexed ; abashed ; dismayed ; put to shame and si- lence; astonished. 2. a. Enormous; [vulgar.] €ON-FOUND'ED-LY, adv. Enormously; greatly; shame- fully, [ji low word.] €ON-FOUND'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded. Milton. €ON-FOUND'ER, n. One who confounds; one who dis- turbs the mind, perplexes, refutes, frustrates and puts to shame or silence ; one who terrifies. €ON-FOUNI>ING, ppr. Mixing and blending ; putting into disorder ; perplexing ; disturbing the mind ; abashing ana putting to shame and silence ; astonishing. €ON-FRA-TER'NI-TY, n. [It. confraternitd.] A brother hood ; a society or body of men, united for some purpose or in some profession. * See Synopsis. MOVE. BQOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, CON 178 CON €ON-FRI-€a'TION, n. [It. confrieazione.] A rubbing against; friction. Bacon. €ON-FRI'ER, re. [Fr. confrere.] One of the same religious order. JVcever. *€0N-FR6NT', w. t. [It. confrontare.] 1. To stand face to face in full view ; to face ; to stand in front. 9. To stand m dn-ect opposition ; to oppose. 3. To set face to face ; to bring into the presence of; as an accused person and a witness, in court, for examinition and discovery of the truth ; followed by with. 4 7 o set togetlier for com- parison , to compare one thing with another. €ON-FRON-Ta'TION, n. The act of bringing two persons into the presence of eacli other for examination and dis- covery of truth. * €0N-FR6NT'ED, pp. Set face to face, or in opposition ; brought into the presence of. * eON-FR6NT'ING, i)pr. Setting or standing face to face, or in opposition, or in presence of. * eON-FRoNT'MENT, n. Comparison. Oley. eON-FuSE', V. t. [L. confiis7is.] 1. To mix or blend things, so that they cannot be distinguished. 2. To disorder. 3. To perplex ; to render indistinct. 4. To throw the mmd into'disorder; to ca?t down or abasli; to cause to blush ; to agitate by surprise, or shame ; to disconcert. CON-FuSE', a. Mixed ; confounded. Barret. €ON-FuS'ED, (kon-fuzd') pp. 1. Mixed ; blended, so that the things or persons mixed cannot be distinguished. 2. Perplexed by disorder or want of system. 3. Abashed ; put to the blush or to shame ; agitated ; disconcerted. €ON-F0S'ED-LY, adv. In a mixed niass ; without order or separation ; indistmctly ; not clearly ; tumultuously ; with agitation of mind ; without regularity or system. €ON-FuS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being confused ; want of order, distinction or clearness. eON-FuSE'LY, adv. Obscurely. Barret. eON-Fu'SION, (kon-fu'zhuu) n. 1. A mixture of several things promiscuously; hence, disorder; irregularity. 2, Tumult ; want of order in society. 3. A blending or con- founding ; indistinct combination ; opposed to distinctness or perspicuity. 4. Abashment; shame. 5. Astonish- ment ; agitation ; perturbation ; distraction of mind. 6. Overthrow ; defeat ; ruin. 7. A shameful blending of natures : a sliocking crime. €ON-FCTA-BLE, a. That may be confuted, disproved or overthrown • that may be shown to be false, defective or invalid eON-Fu'TANT, TO One who confutes or undertakes to con- fute. Milton CON-FU-TaTION, n. The act of confuting, disproving or proving to be false, or invalid ; refutation ; overthrow. €0N-FuTE', v. t. [1j. confiito.] 1. To disprove ; to prove to be false, defective or invalid ; to overthrow. 9. To prove to be wrong ; to convict of error, by argument or proof. C(^N-FuT ED, pp. Disproved ; proved to he false, defective or unsound : overthi-own by argument, fact or proof. €ON-FuTER n One who disproves or confutes. €ON-PtjT'ING, p2«'. Disproving; proving to be false, de- fective or iiivalid ; overthrowing by argument or proof. t eON-FuTE'MENT, n. Disproof. Milton. *€ON'(jE, (kon'jee) 7i. [Fi. conge.] 1. Leave; farewell; parting ceremony. 2. The act of respect performed at the parting of friends. Hence, the customary act of civil- ity on_other occasions ; a bow or courtesy. €0N-GE .v.i. To take leave with the customary civilities ; to bow or courtesy. €ON-GE-D'-E-LiRE', (kon-je-de-leer') In ecclesiastical af- fairs, the king's license or permission to a dean and chap- ter, to choose a bishop ; or to an abbey or priory of his own foundation to choose their abbot or prior- CON'6E, n. In architecture, a mold in form of a quarter round, or a cavetto, which serves to separate two members from one another. Also, a ring or ferrule, formes-ly used on the^ extremities of columns. €ON-GeAL', v. t. [L. congdu.] 1. To change from a flu- id to a solid state, as by cold, or a loss of heat, a,s water in freezing, liquid metal or wax in cooling, blood in stagnat- ing or cooling, &,c. ; to harden into ice, or into a substance of less soliditv. 2. Tc bind or fix with cold. eON^GK A.L,i;. i. To grow hard, stiff or thick; to pass from a fluirt to a solid state ; to concrete into a solid mass. €OiV-CTF.AL'A-BLE, a. Tlint may be coygealed ; capable of behig converted from a fluid to a solid state. CON-OikAL ED, (kon-jee!d')7},». (Converted into ice, or a solid mass,_by the loss d neat, or other process ; concreted. OSJN-GeAL'ING vxtr Cnanging from a liquid to a solid stale :_c5hcreting. €0!V-(!jkAL'MENT 11. A clot or concretion ; that which is lormea bv conge.ation Also, congelation. eON-GE-l/A'TfON. n. [h.congelatio.] The process of pass- ing, or tna act f converting, from a fluid to a s;olid state ; or the slat of beinc congealed ; concretion. teON-GEM l-r>rA'Tl6N, n. A doubling or often repeating. eON-OEfNER, n. [L. cnnsrcner. j A thing of the same kind or nature. €0N-6e'NER, or €ON-GEN'ER-OUS, a Of the same kind or nature ; allied in origin or cause. OON-GEJM'Eit-A-CY, n. Similarity of origin. €ON-GE-NER'I€. a. Being of the same kind or nature. eON-OEN'ER-OUS-NESS, n. The (,uality of being from the same original, or of belonging to the same class. €ON-Ge'NI-AL, a. [L. con and genus.] I. Partaking of the same genus, kind or nature ; kindred ; cognate. 2. Belonging to the nature ; natural ; agreeable to the na- ture. 3. Natural ; agreeable to the nature ; adapted. €0N-GE-NI-AL'I-TY, ) n. Participation of the same ge- €ON-(jE'NI-AL-NESS, \ nus, nature or original ; cogna- tion ; natural affinity ; suitableness. t€0N-6E'NI-0US, a. Of the same kind €ON-6EN'ITE, or €0N-6ENa-TAL, a [L. con(renitus ] Of tJie same birth ; born with another ; connate ; uegotten together. eON'GER, (kong'gur) n. [L. conger, or congrus.] The sea- eel ; a large species of eel. €ON-GE'Rl-ES, 71. [L.] A collection of several particles or bodies in one mass or aggregate. OON-GEST', V. t. [L. congero, congestum.] To collect or gather into a mass or aggregate. eON-OSST'I-BLE, a. That may be collected into a mass. eON-GES'TION, n. [L. congestio.] A collection of humors in an animal body, hardened into a tumor. An accumu- lation of blood in a part. €0A''(5l-A-RY, 7J. [L. congiarmm.] Properly, a present made by the Roman emperors to the people, originally in corn or wine, measured out to them in a congius. €ON-GLa'CIATE, v. i. [L. conglacio.] To turn to ice ; to freeze. €ON-GLA-CI-A'TION, 7i. The act of changing into ice, or the state of being converted to ice; a freezing; congela- tion. CON-GLo'BATE, a. [h. conglobatus.] Formed or gathered into a ball. €ON-GLo'BATE, v.t. To collect or form into a ball or bard, round substance. €ON-GLo'BA-TED, jjp. Collected or formed into a ball. €ON-GLo'BATE-LY, adv. In a round or roundish form. CON-GLO-Ba'TION, 71. The act of forming into a ball ; a round body. €ON-GLoBE', v. t. [L. congloho.] To gather into a ball ; to collect into a round mass. eON-GLoBE', V. i. To collect, unite or coalesce in a round mass. eON-GLoB'ED, (kon-globd') pp. Collected into a ball. €ON-GLoB'ING, ppr. Gathering into a round mass or ball. €ON-GLOB'U-LATE, v. i. To gather into a little round mass or globule. €ON-GLOM'ER-ATE, a. [L, conglomero.] 1. Gathered into a ball or round body. 2. lii botany, conglomerate flowers grow on a branching peduncle or foot stalk, on short pedicles, closely compacted together without order. 3. Conglomerate rocks. See Pudding-stone. €ON-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. To gather into a ball or round body ; to collect into a round mass. €ON-GLOM'ER-ATE, n. In mmeraZoq-?/, a sort of pudding- stone, or coarse sand-stone, composed of pebbles of quartz, flint, siliceous slate, &c. eON-GEOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Gathered into a ball or round mass. CON-GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Collecting into a ball, eON-GLOM-ER-A'TION, n. The act of gathering into a ball ; the state of being thus collected ; collection : accu- mulation. €ON-GLu'TI-NANT, a. Gluing ; uniting ; healing. eON-GLtJ'TI-NANT, n. A medicine that heals wounds. €ON-GLu'Tl-NATE, v. t. [L, conglutina.] 1. To glue to- gether ; to unite by some glutinous or tenacious substance 2. To heal ; to unite the separated parts of a wound liy a tenacious substance. €ON-GLu'Tl-NATE, v. i. To coalesce ; to unite by the in- tervention of a callus. €ON-GLu'TI-NA-TED, pp. Glued together ; united by a tenacious substance. €ON-GLu'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Gluing Together j uniting or closing by a tenacious substance. €ON-GLU-TI-Na'TiON, n. The act of gluing together ; a joining by means of some tenacious substance ; a healing by uniting the parts of a wound ; tinion. eON-GLu'TI-NA-TiVE, a. Having the power of uniting by giuc^ or other substance of like nature. eON-GLu'TI-NA-TOR, n. That v^hich has the power ot uniting wounds. CON'GO, (kong'go) n. A species of tea from China. CON-GRAT'U-LAJMT, a. Rejoicing in participation. eON-GRAT'fJ-LATE, v. t. [L, congratulor.] To profess one's pleasure or joy to another on account of an event deemed happy or fortunate, as on the birth of a child, suc- cess in an enterprise, victory, escape from danger, &;c. * to wish joy to another. CON-GRAT'U-LATE, v. i. To rejoice in participation. Swift * See Synopsis, a E., I, O, U, Y, long.—FAB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. CON 179 CON €ON-GRAT'U-LA-TED, pp. Complimented with expres- sions of joy at a happy event. €ON-GRAT'U-LA-TlJNG, ppr. Professing one's joy or satisfaction on account of some happy event, prosperity or success. €ON-GRAT-U-La'TION, n. The act of professing one's joy or good wishes at the success or happiness of anotiier, or on account of an event deemed fortunate to both par- ties, or to the community. €OiM-GRAT'U-LA-TOR, n. One who oifers congratula- tion. €ON-GRAT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy for the good fortune of another, or for an event fortunate for both par- ties, or for the community. t€ON-GREE', «. i. To agree,. Shak. t €'ON-GREET', v. t. To salute mutually. Shale. €ON'GRE-GATE, v. t. [L. congrego.] To collect separate persons or things into an assemblage ; to assemble 3 to bring into one place, or iiito a crowd or united body. €ON'GRE-GATE, v. i. To come together ; to assemble ; to meet. Denham. €ON'GRE-GATE, a. Collected 5 compact ; close. [Little used.] Bacon. COATGRE-GA-TED, pp. Collected ; assembled in one place. €ON'GRE-GA-TING, ppr. Collecting ; assembling ; coming together, COW-GRE-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of bringing together, or assembling. 2. A collection or assemblage of separate things. 3. More generally, an assembly of persons ; and, appropriately, an assembly of persons met for the worship of God. 4. An assembly of rulers. JVamb.xxxv. 5. An assembly of ecclesiastics or cardinals appointed by the pope. Also, a company or society of religious can- toned out of an order. 6. An academical assembly for transacting business of the university. €ON-GRE-Ga'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a congregation ; appropriately used of such Christians as hold to church government by consent and election, maintaining that each congregation is independent of others, and has the right to choose its own pastor, and govern itself. €ON-GRE-GA'TION-AL-iSM, n. Ecclesiastical govern- ment in the hands of each church, as an independent body. CON-GRE-Ga'TION-AL-IST, n. One who belongs to a congregational church or society CON'GRESS, 71. [L,. congressus.] 1. A meeting of individ- uals ; an assembly of envoys, commissioners, deputies, &c., particularly a meeting of the representatives of sever- al courts, to concert measures for their common good, or to adjust tJieir mutual concerns. 2. The assembly of delegates of the several British colonies in America, which united to resist the claims of Great Britain in 1774. 3. The assembly of the delegates of the several United States, after the declaration of independence, in 1776, and until the adoption of the present constitution. 4. The assembly of senators and representatives of the several states of North America, according to the present consti- tution, or political compact, by which they are united in a federal republic. 5. A meeting of two or more persons in a contest ; an encounter ; a conflict. 6. I'he meeting of the sexes in sexual commerce, t CON-GRES'SION, n. A company. eON-GRES'SlON-AL, a. Pertaining to a congress, or to the congress of the United States. Barlow. eON-GRES'SIVE, a. 1. Meeting, as the sexes. 2. Encoun- tering. . , f CON-GRtJE', V. i. To agree. Shak. eON'GRU-ENCE, ) n. [L. congruentia.] Suitableness of €ON-GRu'EN-CY, \ one thing to another ; agreement ; consistency. eON'GRU-ENT, a. Suitable ; agreeing ; correspondent. Davies. €ON-GRu'I-TY, n. 1. Suitableness; the relation of agree- ment between things. 2. Fitness ; pertinence. 3. Rea- son ; consistency ; propriety. 4. In school divinity, the good actions which are supposed to render it meet and equitable that God should confer grace on those who per- form them. — 5. In geometry, figures or lines, which, wlien laid over one another, exactly correspond, are in congruity. t CON'GRU-MENT, n. Fitness ; adaptation. eON'GRU-OUS, a. [L. congmus.] 1. Suitable ; consistent ; agreeable to. 2. Rational ; fit. €ON'GRU-OUS-LY, adv. Suitably; pertinently; agreea- bly ; consistently, Boyle. eON'IC, ) a. [L. conicus.] 1. Having the form of a eON'I-CAL, \ cone ; round, and decreasing to a point. 2. Pertaining to a cone. — Conic section, a curve line form- ed by the intersection of a cone and plane. The conic sections are the parabola, hyperbola, and ellipsis. eON'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the form of a cone. €ON'I-€AJ^NESS, n. The state or quality of being conical. eON'ICS, n. That part of geometry which treats of the cone and the curves which arise from its sections. €0-NIF'ER-OUS, a, [L. conifer, coniferus.] Bearing cones ; producing hard, dry, scaly seed-vessels of a conical figure as the pine, fir, cypress and beech. eo'NI-FORM, a. In form of a cone ; conical. €ON'I-SOR. SeeCoGNisoK. Co'NITE, n. [Gr. Kovis.] A mineral, of an ash or greenish- gray color. t €ON-JE€T', V. t. To throw together, or to throw. t€ON-JE€T', v.i. To guess. Shak. €ON-JE€T'OR, ?i. [L.] One who guesses or conjectures Sicifl. €ON-JE€T'U-RA-BLE, a. That may be guessed or con- jectured. €ON-JE€T'U-RAL, a Depending on conjecture ; done or said by guess. t€ON-JE€T-U RAL'I-TY, 31. That which depends upon guess. Brown. €ON-JE€T'U-RAL-LY, adv. Without proof, or evidence , by conjecture ; by guess. CON-JECT'URE, n. [L. conjectura.] 1. Literally, a cast- ing or throwing together of possible or probable events, or a casting of the mind to something future, or something past, but unknown ; a guess ; preponderance of opinion without proof ; surmise. 2. Idea; notion. CON-JECT'URE, v. i. To guess ; to judge by guess, or by the probability or the possibility of a fact, or by very slight evidence ; to form an opinion at random. €ON-JECT'URED, pp. Guessed ; surmised. CON-JECT'UR-ER, n. One who guesses ; a guesser ; one who forms or utters an opinion without proof. CON-JECT'UR-ING, ppr. Guessing ; surmising. CON-JOB'BLE, V. t. To settle ; to concert. A cant tcord. CON-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. conjoindre.] 1. To join together, without any thing intermediate; to unite two or more persons or things in close connection. 2. To associate, or connect. CON-JOIN', V. i. To unite ; to join ; to league. Shak. €ON-JOIN'ED, (kon-joind') pp. Joined to or with ; united associated. CON-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joinmg together ; uniting ; connect ing. CON-JOINT', a. United ; connected ; associate. — Conjoint degrees, in miisic, two notes which follow each other im- mediately in the order of the scale. — Conjoint tctrachords, two tetrachords or fourths, where the same chord is the highest of one and the lowest of the other. CON-JOINT'LY, adv. Jointly ; unitedly ; in union ; to- gether. CON'JU-GAL, a. [L. conjugalis.] 1. Belonging to mar- riage ; matrimonial ; connubial. 2. Suitable to the mar- ried state ; becoming a husband in relation to his consort, or a consort in relation to her husband. CON'JU-GAL-LY, ado. Matrimonially; connubially. CON'JU-GATE, V. t. [L. conjugo.] 1. To join ; to unite in marriage; [not now used.] — 2. In g-ramwar, to distribute the parts or inflections of a verb into the several voices, modes, tenses, numbers and persons. CON'JU-GATE, n. A word agreeing in derivation with another word, and therefore generally resembling it in signification. CON'JU-GATE, a. In botany, a conjugate leaf is a pinnate leaf which has only one pair of leaflets. — Conjugate diam- eter or axis, in geometry, a right line bisecting the trans verse diameter ; the shortest of the two diameters of an ellipsis. CON-JU-Ga'TION, n. [L. conjugatic] 1. A couple or pair ; [little used.] Brown. 2. The act of uniting or com piling ; union ; assemblage. Bentley. — 3. In granimar, the distribution of the several inflections or variations of a verb, in their different voices, modes, tenses, numbers and persons ; a connected scheme of all the derivative forms of a verb. CON-JUNCT', a. [L. conjunctus.] Conjoined ; united , concurrent. Shak. CON-JUNCTION, n. [1^. conjunctio.] 1. Union; connec tion ; association by treaty or otherwise. Bacon.— '2. In as- tronomy, the meeting of two or more stars or planets in the same degree of the zodiac. — A. In grammar, a con- nective or connecting word. 4. The copulation of the sexes. CON-JUNC'TIVE, a. 1. Closely united. Shak. 2. Uniting ; serving to unite. — 3. In grammar, the conjunctive mode is that which follows a conjunction, or expresses some con- dition, or contingency. It is more generally called siib junctive. CON-JUNC'TIVE-LY, adv. In conjunction, or union ; to- gether. CON-JUNC'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of conjoining ot uniting. CON-JUNCT'LY, adv. In union ; jointly ; together. eON-JUNCT'URE, n. [Fr. conjoncture.] 1. A joining; a combination or union, as of causes, events or circum- stances. 2. An occasion ; a critical time, proceeding from a union of circumstances, 3. Union ; connection ; mode of union. 4. Connection; union; consistency. * See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoleU . CON 180 CON €6N-JU-Ra'TI0N, n. The act of using certain words or ceremonies to obtain the aid of a superior being ; the act of summoning in a sacred name ; the practice of arts to ex- pel evil spirits, allay storms, or perform supernatural or extraordinary acts. €ON-JuRE', V. t. [L, conjuro.] 1. To call on or summon by a sacred name, or in a solemn manner ; to implore with solemnity. 2. To bmd two or more by an oath ; to unite in a common design. Hence, intransitiveLy, to con- spire ; [not iisual.l €oN'JURE, V. t. To expel, to drive or to affect in some manner, by magic arts, as by invoking the Supreme Being, or by the use of certain words, characters or ceremonies, to engage supernatural influence. €6N' JURE, V. L 1 . To practice the arts of a conjurer ; to use arts to engage the aid of spirits in performing some extraordinary act.— 2. In a vulgar s&nse, to behave very strangely ; to act like a witch ; to play tricks. €ON-JtFR'ED, (kon-jurd') pp. Bound by an oath. €ON-JuRE'MENT, a. Serious injunction ; solemn demand. Jlilton. . , eON'JUR-ER, n. One who practices conjuration ; one who pretends to the secret art of performing things supernatural or extraordinary, by the aid of superior powers. IronicaU ly, a man of shrewd conjecture ; a man of sagacity. eON-JuRTNG, ppr. Enjoining or imploring solemnly. eON-NAS'CENCE, 71. [L. con and nascor.'] 1. Tlie com- mon buth of two or more at the same time ; production of two or m.ore together. 2. A being born or produced with another. 3. The act of growing together, or at the same time. €ON'NATE, a. [L. con and natus.'] 1. Born with another; being of the same birth.— 2. In hota^iy, united in origin; growing from one base ; united into one body. eON-NAT'U-RAL, a. 1. Connected by nature ; united in nature ; born with another. 2. Participating of the same nature. €ON-NAT-U-RAL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same na- ture ; natural union. eON-NAT'U-RAL-iZE, v.t. To connect by nature; to make natural. Scott. eON-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. By the act of nature ; orig- inally. Hale. eON-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. Participation of the same na- ture ; natural union. Pearson. eON-NEeT', V. t. [L. connecto.] 1. To knit or link to- gether ; to tie or fasten together. 2. To join or unite ; to conjoin, in almost any manner, either by junction, by any intervening means, or by order and relation. €ON-NE€T', V. i. To join, unite or cohere ; to have a close relation. eON-NEf.'TION, n. [L. connexio.] The act of joining, or state of being joined ; a state of being knit or fastened to- gether; union by junction, by an intervening substance or medium, by dependence or relation, or by order in a series ; a loord of ocry general import. €ON-NE€T'IVE, a. Having the power of connecting. €ON-NE€T'IVE, n. In grammar., a word that connects other words and sentences ; a conjunction. Harris. €OiV-NE€T'lVE-LY, adv. In union or conjunction ; joint- ly. Swift. t€ON-NEX', V. t. [L, connextim.'] To link together; to join. Hall. €ON-NEX'ION, n. Connection. [But for the sake of regu- lar analogy, I have inserted connection, as the derivative of the Enclish connect, and would discard connexion.] €ON-NEX'fVE, a. Connective ; having tiie power to con- nect; uniting; conjunctive. [Little used.] \€ON-NW-TAiTlON,n. [L.. connicto.] A winking. Diet. eON-NIV'ANCE, n. Properly, the act of winking. Hence, figuratively, voluntary blindness to an act ; intentional forbearance to see a fault or other act, generally implying consent to it. €ON-NrVE', V. i. [L. conniveo.} 1. To wink ; to close and open the eyelids rapidly. 9. In v, figurative sense, to close the eyes upon a fault or other act ; to pretend ignorance or blindness ; to forbear to see ; to overlook a fault. €ON-NI V'EN-CY, n. Connivance, which see. eON-NIV'ENT, a. 1. Shutting the eyes ; forbearing to see. — 9.. In anatomy, the connivent valves are those wrinkles, cellules and vascules, which are found on the inside of the two intestines, ilium and jejunum. — 3. In botany, closely united ; converging together. Eaton. CON-IS*iV'ER, n. One who connives. €ON-NrV'ING, ppr. Closing the eyes against faults ; per- mitting faults to pass uncensured. * €ON-NOIS-SEuR', (kon-nis-sure', or ko-nis-saur') it. [Fr.] A person well versed in any subject ; a skilful or knowing person ; a critical judge or master of any art, particularly of painting and sculpture. €0N-NOIS-SEtJR'SHIP, n. The skill of a connoisseur. eON'NO-TATE, v. t. [con and note ; L. noto.] To desig- nate with something else ; to imply. [Little used.] Ham- mond. €0N-N0-Ta'TI0N, n. The act of designating with some- thing; implication of something beside itself; inference [Little used.] €ON-NoTE', v. t. [L. con and nota.] To make known together ; to imply ; to denote or designate ; to include [Little v^ed.] eON-NtJ'BI-AL, a. [L. connubialis.] Pertaining to mar- riage ; nuptial ; belonging to the state of husband and wife. €ON-NU-MER-a'TION, n. A reckoning together. CON'NU-SANCE, n. [Fr. con7ioissance.] Knowledge. See Cognizance. €ON'NU-SANT, a. Knowing; informed; apprized JSroicne. CON'NY, a. [W. cono.] Brave ; fine. [Local.] Grose. eo'NOID, ?i. [Gr. K(j)vo£i5r]S.] 1. In ^eomciry, a solid form- ed by the revolution of a conic section about its axis. — 2. In anatomy, a gland in the third ventricle of the brain. €0-NOID'I€, I a. Pertaining to a conoid ; having the €0-NOID'I-€AL, \ form of a conoid. €ON-aUAS'SATE, v. t [L. conquasso.] To shake. [Little used.] Harvey. t €ON-aUAS-SA'TION, n. Agitation; concussion. , €ON'Q,UER, (kon'ker) v. t. [Fr. conquerir.] 1. To subdue ; to reduce, by physical force, till resistance is no longer made ; to overcome ; to vanquish. 2. To gain by force ; to win ; to take possession by violent means ; to gain do- minion or sovereignty over. 3. To subdue opposition or resistance of the will by moral force ; to overcome by ar- gument, persuasion or other influence. 4. To overcome, as diihculties ; to surmount, as obstacles ; to subdue what- ever opposes. 5. To gain or obtain by effort. €ON'Q,UER, v. i. To overcome ; to gain the victory. €ON'aUER-A-BLE, a. That may be conquered, overcome oi^subdued. €ON'aUER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being overcome. €ON'(iUEPiED, pp. Overcome ; subdued ; vanquished ; gained ; won. €OiN'aUER-ESS, n. A female who conquers 3 a victorious female. €ON'Q,UER-ING, ppr. Overcoming ; subduing ; vanquish- ing ; obtaining. €ON'Q.UER-OR, n. One who conquers ; one who gains a victory ; one who subdues and brings into subjection or possession, by force or by influence. CON'O-UEST, n. [Fr. conquete.] 1. The act of conquering; the act of overcoming or vanquishing opposition by force, physical or mora. . 2. Victory ; success in arms ; Uie overcoming of opposition. 3. That which is conquered ; possession gained by force, physical or moral. 4. In a feudal sense, acquest ; acquisition ; the acquiring of prop- erty by other means than by inheritance. Blackstone.—5. In the law of nations, the acquisition of sovereignty by force of arms. 6. The act of gaining or regaining by effort. €ON-SAN-GUIN'E-OUS, a. [L. co7isanguineus.] Of the same blood ; related by birth ; descended from the same parent or ancestor. €ON-SAN-GUIN'I-TY, n. [L. consang7iinitas.] The rela- tion of persons by blood ; the relation or connection of persons descended from the same stock or common an- CGStor €ON-SAE-CIN-A'TION, n. The act of patching together. Diet. eON'SCIENCE, (kon'shens) n. [Fr., from L. conscientia.] 1. Internal or self-knowledge, or judgment of right and wrong ; or the faculty, power or principle within us, which decides on the lawfulness or unlawfulness of our own actions and affections, and instantly approves or condemns them. — It is called by some writers the moral sense. 2. The estimate or determination of conscience ; justice ; honesty. 3. Real sentiment ; private thoughts ; truth. 4. Consciousness ; knowledge of our ovt^n actions or thoughts. This primary sense of the word is nearly, perhaps wholly, obsolete. 5. Knowledge of the actions of others. 6. In ludicrous language, reason or reasonable- ness. — To make conscience, or a matter of conscience, is to act according to the dictates of conscience. — Court of conscience, a court established for the recovery of small debts in London, and other trading cities and districts. CON'SCIENCED, a. Having conscience. tCON'SCIENT, a. Conscious. Bacon. €ON-SCI-EN'TIOUS, (kon-she-en'shus) a. 1. Influenced by conscience ; governed by a strict regard to the dic- tates of conscience, or by the known or supposed rules of right and wrong. 2. Regulated by conscience ; accord- ing to th^ dictates of conscience. €ON-SCI-EN'TIOUS-LY, adv. According to the direction of conscience ; v/ith a strict regard to right and wrong. €ON-SCI-EN'TIOUS-NESS, n. A scrupulous regard to the decisions of conscience ; a sense of justice, and strict con formity to its dictates. €ON'SCION-A-BLE, a. According to conscience ; reasona ble ; just. €ON'SCION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Reasonableness ; equity. * See Synopsis. A E, I, O, U, Y, lo7ig.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, EiRD ; t Obsolete. CON 181 CON €0N'SCI01V-A-BLY, adv. In a manner agreeable to con- science ; reasonably ; justly. eON'SCIOUS, a. [L. conscius.] 1. Possessing the facul- ty or power of knowing one's own thoughts, or mental operations. 2. Knowing from memory, or without extra- neous information. 3. Knowing by conscience, or inter- nal perception or persuasion. €ON'SCIOUS-LY, adv. With knowledge of one 'sown men- tal operations or actions. €0N'SC10US-NESS, n. 1. The knowledge of sensations and mental operations, or of what passes in one's own mind ; the act of the mind which makes known an inter- nal object. 2. Internal sense or knowledge of guilt or in- nocence. 3. Certain knowledge from observation or ex- perience. eON'SeRIPT, a. [L. conscriptus.] Written ; enrolled ; as, conscHpt fathers, the senators of Rome, so called because tlieir names were written in the register of the senate. €ON'SeEIPT, n. An enrolled soldier ; a word used in France. eON-S€IlIP'TION, m. [h. conscriptio.] 1. An enrolling or registering. 2 Soldiers or forces levied by enrolling. eON'SE-CRATE, v. t. [L. consRcro.] 1 To make or declare to be sacred, by certain ceremonies or rites ; to appropriate to sacred uses ; to set apart, dedicate, or de- vote, to the service and worship of God. 2. To canonize ; to exalt to the rank of a saint ; to enroll among the gods. 3. To set apart and bless the elements in the eucharist. 4. To render venerable j to make respected. eON'SE-€RATB, a. Sacred ; consecrated ; devoted ; dedi- cated. €ON'SE-€RA-TED, pp. Made sacred by ceremonies or sol- emn rites J separated from a common to a sacred use ; de- voted or dedicated to the service and worship of God j made venerable. €ON'SE-€RA-TING, ppr. Making sacred ; appropriating to a sacred use j dedicating to the service of God ; devoting ; rendering venerable. €ON-SE-CRa'TION, n. I. The act or ceremony of separat- ing from a common to a sacred use, or of devoting and dedicating a person or thing to the service and worship of God, by certain rites or solemnities. 2. Canonization ; the act of translating into heaven, and enrolling or num- bering among the saints or gods ; the ceremony of the apotheosis of an emperor. 3. The benediction of the ele- ments in the eucharist ; the act of setting apart and bless- ing the elements in the communion. eON'SE-€RA-TOR, n. One who consecrates ; one who per- forms the rites by which a person or thing is devoted or dedicated to sacred purposes. eON'SE-CRA-TO-RY, a. Making sacred. Bp. Morton. eON'SE€-TA-RY, a. [L. consectarius.] Follov/ing ; conse- quent ; consequential ; deducible. eON'SE€-TA-RY, n. That which follows ; consequence ; deduction from premises ; corollary. €ON-SE-€u'TION, n. [1.. consecutio.] 1. A following or sequel ; train of consequences from premises ; series of deductions. 2. Succession ; series of things that follow each other. — 3. In astronomy, consecution month is the space between one conjunction of the moon with the sun and another. eON-SE€'U-TiVE, a. [It. consecutivo.] 1. Following in a train ; succeeding one another in a regular order ; suc- cessive ; uninterrupted in course or succession. 2. Fol- lowing ; consequential ; succeeding. 3. Consecutive chords^ in music, imply a succession or repetition of the same con- sonance in similar motion. €ON-SE€'U-TiVE-LY, adv. By way of consequence or succession. t €ON-SEM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. consemino.] To sow differ- ent seeds together-. Diet. €ON-SE-NES'CENCE, )n, [L. conscnesco.] A growing eON-SE-NES'CEN-CY, \ old ; decay from age. Ray. eOiy-SEN'SION, n. [L. consensio.] Agreement ; accord. [Little used.] CON-SENT', n. [L. consensus.] I. Agreement of the mind to what is proposed or stated by another ; accord ; hence, a yielding of the mind or will to that which is proposed. 2. Accord of minds ; agreement ; unity of opinion. 3. Agreement ; coherence ; correspondence in parts, quali- ties or operation. 4. In the animal economy, an agree- ment, or sympathy, by which one affected part of the sys- tem affects some distant part. CON-SENT', V. i. [L. consentio.] 1. Literally, to think with another. Hence, to agree or accord. More generally, to agree in mind and will ; to yield to what one has the power, the right, or the disposition, to withhold or refuse to grant. 2. To agree. 3. To assent. CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. consentaneus.] Agreeable ; accordant ; consistent with ; suitable. CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Agreeably ; consistent- ly ; suitably. CON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Agreement ; accordance ; consistency. JDict. CON-SENT'ER, n. One who consents. CON-SEN'TIENT, a. [L. conscntiens.] Agreeing in mind j accordant in opinion. OON'SE-aUENCE, m. [L. consequentia.] 1. That which follows from any act, cause, principle or series of actions Hence, an event or effect produced by some preceding act or cause. — 2. In logic, a proposition collected from the agreement of other previous propositions ; the conclusion which results from reason or argument ; inference ; de- duction. 3. Connection of cause and effect 5 consecution. 4. Influence ; tendency, as to effects. 5. Importance ; extensive influence ; distinction — In consequence, by means of; as the effect of. eON'SE-aUENT, a. [L. consequens.] 1. Following, as the natural eftect. 2. Following by necessary inference or rational deduction CON'SE-aUENT, n. 1. Effect ; that which follows a cause. 2. That which follows from propositions by rational deduc- tion ; that which is deduced from reasoning or argument ation ; a conclusion or inference. CON-SE-QUEN'TIAL, a. 1. Following as the effect ; pro- ,, duced by the connection of effects with causes. 2. Hav- %, ing the consequence justly connected with the premises ; conclusive. 3. Important. 4. Conceited ; pompous 3 ap- plied to persons. CON-SE-aUEN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. With just deduction of consequences; with right connection of ideas, 2. By consequence ; not immediately ; eventually. 3. In a reg- ular series ; in the order of cause and effect. 4. With as- sumed importance ; with conceit. CON-SE-aUEN'TlAL-NESS, n. Regular consecution in discourse. CON'SE-aUENT-LY, adv. By consequence ; by necessa- ry connection of effects with their causes ; in consequence of something. CON'SE-aUENT-NESS, n. Regular connection of proposi^ tions, following each other; consecution of discourse, [Little used.] CON-SER'TION, n, [L. consero.] Junction; adaptation. Young. CON-SERV'A-BLE, a. That may be kept or preserved from decay or injury. CON-SERV'AN-CY, n. [L. conscrvans.] A court of con- servancy is held by the lord mayor of London, for the preservation of the fisiiery on the Thames. CON-SERVANT, a. Preserving ; having the power or qualitv of preserving from decay or destruction. €ON-SER-Va'TION, 71. [h. conservatio.] The act of pre- serving, guarding or protecting ; preservation from loss, decay, injiiry, or violation ; the keeping of a thing in a safe or entire state. CON-SERV'A-TlVE, a. Preservative; having povi^er to preserve in a safe or entire state, or from loss, waste, or injury. CON-SER-Va''TOR, n. 1, A preserver ; one who preserves from injury or violation, .appropriately, an officer who has the charge of preserving the public peace, as judges and sheriffs ; also, an officer who has the charge of pre- serving the rights and privileges of a city, corporation, or community. 2. In Connecticut, a person appointed to su- perintend idiots, lunatics, &c., manage their property, and preserve it from waste. €ON-SERV'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of preserv- ing from loss, decay or injury. CON-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. 1. A place for preserving any thing in a state desired, as from loss, decay, waste, or in- jury. 2. A large green-house for exotics, in which the plants are planted in beds and borders, and not in tubs, or pots, as in the common green-house. CON-SERVE', (kon-serv') v. t. [L. conservo.] To keep in a safe or sound state ; to save ; to preserve from loss, decay, waste or injury ; to defend from violation. CON'SERVE, n. 1. A sweetmeat made of the inspissated juice of fruit, boiled with sugar. — 2. In pharmacy, a form of medicine contrived to preserve the flowers, herbs, roots or fruits of simples, as nearly as possible, in their natural fresh state. 3. A conservatory ; [not usual.] CON-SERVED, (kon-servd') pp. Preserved m a safe and sound state ; guarded ; kept ; maintained ; protected ; prepared with sugar. CON-SERVER, n. One who conserves ; one who keeps from loss or injury ; one who lays up for preservation ; a preparer of conserves. CON-SERVING, ^pr. Keeping in safety; defending; main- taining ; preparmg with sugar. CON-SES'SION, n. [L. consessio.] A sitting together [Little used.] CON-SES'SOR, 71. One that sits with others. [Little used.] CON-SID'ER, v. t. [L. considerc] 1. To fix the mind on, with a view to a careful examination ; to think on with care ; to ponder ; to study ; to meditate on. 2. To view attentively ; to observe and examine. 3. To attend to ; to relieve. 4. To have regard to ; to respect. 5. To take into view in examination, or into account in estimates. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BjJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete , CON 182 CON \ 6. In the imperative, consider is equivalent to think with care, attend, examine the subject with a view to truth or the consequences of a measure. 7. To requite ; to re- ward ; particularly for gratuitous services. eON-SID'ER, V. i. 1. To think seriously, maturely or care- fully ; to reflect. 2. To deliberate ; to turn in the mind ; as in the case of a single person ; to deliberate or consult, as numbers. 3. To doubt ; to hesitate. €ON-SID'ER-A-BLE, a , [Fr. , Sp.] ] . That may be consider- ) ed ; that is to be observed, remarked or attended to. [ This primarij itse of the word is very rarely used.] 2. Worthy of consideration ; worthy of regard or attention. 3. Respect- able ; deserving of notice ; of some distinction. 4. Import- ant; valuable; or moderately large, according to the subject. eO^'^-SID'ER-A-BLE-NESS, 7i. Some degree of importance, moment or dignity ; a degree of value or importance that deserves notice. €ON-SfD ER-A-BLY, adv. In a degree desei-vmg notice ; in a degree not trifling, or unimportant. t€ON-SID'ER-AjS^CE, n. Consideration; reflection; sober thought. eOA'-SlD'ER-ATE, a. [L. consideratus.] 1. Given to con- sideration, or to sober reflection ; thoughtful ; hence, seri- ous ; circumspect ; careful ; discreet ; prudent ; not hasty or rash ; not negligent. 2. Having respect to ; regardful ; > [little used.] 3. Moderate ; not rigorous. e-JN-SID'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With deliberation ; with due consideration ; calmly ; prudently. leO.V-SlDER-ATE-NESS, 7i. Prudence; calm deliberation. eON-SID-ER-A'TION, n. [L. consideratio.] 1. The act of considering; mental view; regard; notice. 2. Mature thought ; serious deliberation. 3. Contemplation ; medi- tation. 4. Some degree of importance ; claim to notice, or regard ; a moderate degree of respectability. 5. That wJiich is considered ; motiveof action ; influence; ground of conduct. 6. Reason ; that which induces to a deter- mination. — 7. In law, the reason which moves a con- tracting party to enter into an agreement ; the material cause of a contract ; the price or motive of a stipulation. eON-SID'ER-A-TlVE, a. Taking into consideration. [L. u.] t €ON-SID'ER-A-TOR, n. He who is giVen to considera- tion. Brown. €ON-SID'ERED, pp. Thought of with care ; pondered ; viewed attentively ; deliberated on ; examined. €ON-SID'ER-ER, n. A thinker ; one who considers ; a man of reflection. €0-\-SID'ER-IiVG, ppr. Fixing the m nd on ; meditating on ; pondering ; viewing with car ; ind attention ; delib- erating on. — [JVote. We have a pecuiiar use of this word, which may be a coiTuption for considered, or which may be a deviation from analogy by an insensible change in the structure of the phrase. " It is not possible for us to act otherwise, considering the weakness of our nature."] €ON-SID'ER-ING, ?;. The act of deliberating, or carefully attending to ; hesitation. €OX-SID'ER-ING-LY, adv. With consideration or delibera- tion. _ eON-SiGN', (kon-sine') v. t. [L. consigno.] 1. To give, send or set over ; to transfer or deliver into the possession of another, or into a different state, with the sense of fixedness in that state, or pennanence of possession. 2. To deliver or transfer, as a charge or trust ; to commit. 3. To set over or commit, for permanent preservation. 4. To appropriate. t €ON-SiGA^', (kon-sine') v. i. To submit to the same terms with another; also, to sign ; to agree or consent. t CON-SIG'NA-TA-RY, n. One to whom is consigned any trust or business. COX-SIG-Na'TION, 7). The act of consigning ; the act of delivering or committing to another person, place or state. [Little used,] eON-SIG'NA-TURE, n. Full signature; joint signing or stamping. €OX-SlGN'ED, (kon-sind') pp. Delivered ; committed for keeping, or management ; deposited in trust. GOX-SI-G>7EE', (kon-se-nee') n. The person to whom goods or other things are delivered in trust, for sale or superin- tendence ; a factor. -■ eOX-SiGiV'ER, ) n. The person who consigns ; one who eONSrGN OR, \ sends, delivers, or commits goods.to another for sale, or a ship for superintendence, bills "SS^ ladinir, papers, &c. 'J e<:).V-SIG-NIF-I-€A'TION, 71. Joint signification. ^■ CO.\-S[G-NIF'I-€A-TiVE, a. Having a like signification, or jointly significative. CON-SiGN'ING, ppr. Delivering to another in trust ; send- iua, or committing. fJOX-SIGN'MENT, fkon-slne'ment) ?;. 1. The act of con- signing ; consignation ; the act of sending or committing, as a charge for safe-keeping or management ; the act of depositing with, as goods for sale. 2. The thing con- signed ; the goods sent or delivered to a factor for sale. 3. The viTiting by which any thing is consigned. eON-SIM'I-LAR, o. Having common resemblance. [L. v.] CON-SI-MILT-TUDE, n Resemblance. [Little used.] t€ON-SI-MIL'I-TY, 74. Resemblance. .Aubrey. CON-SIST', V. i. [L. con^isto.] 1. To stand together ; to be in a fixed or permanent state, as a body composed of parts in union or connection. Hence, to be ; to exist ; to subsist j to be supported and maintained. 2. To stand or be ; to lie ; to be contained. 3. To be composed. — To consist together, to coexist ; to have being concuiTently. — To consist with, to agree ; to be in accordance with ; to be compatible. eON-SIST'ENCE, \n. I. A standing together; a being €ON-SIST'EN-C Y , i fixed in union, as the parts of a body ; that state of a body, in which its component parts remain fixed. 2. A degree of density or spissitude, but indefinite. 3. Substance ; make ; firmness of constitution. 4. A standing together, as the parts of a system, or of conduct, &c. ; agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself at different times ; congruity ; unifonnity. 5. A stand- ing ; a state of rest, in which things capable of growth or decrease remain for a tune at a stand. €ON-SIST'ENT, a. [Ij. consistens.] 1. Fixed; firm : not fluid. 2. Standing together or in agreement ; compatible; congruous ; uniform ; not contradictory or opposed. €ON-SIST'ENT-LY, adv. In a consistent manner ; in agree- ment ; agreeably. €ON-SIS-To'RI-AL, or €ON-SIST'0-RY, a. Pertaining or relating to a consistory, or ecclesiastical court of an arch- bishop "or bishop. €ON-SIS-To'Rl-AN, a. Relating to an order of Presbyte- rian assemblies. * €ON-SIST'0-RY, n. [L. consistorium.] \. Primarily, a place of meeting ; a council-house, or place of justice. 2. A place of justice in the spiritual court, or the court it- self; the coujt of every diocesan bishop, held in their ca- thedral churches, for the tilal of ecclesiastical causes. 3. An assembly of prelates ; the college of cardinals at Rome. 4. A solemn assembly or council. 5. A place of residence ; [not \Lsed.] 6. In the reformed churches, an assembly or council of ministers and elders. €ON-So'CIATE, n. [L. consociatus.] An associate ; a part- ner or confederate ; an accomplice. Hayward. €ON-So'ClATE, V. t. [L. consociafas.] 1. To unite ; to join ; to associate. 2. To cement, or hold in close union. 3. To unit-^ in an assembly or convention, as pastors and messenger" or delegates of churches. Saybrook Platform. €ON-So'CI/.TE, V. i. 1. To unite ; to coalesce. 2. To unite, or meet in a body ; to fonn a consociation of pastors and messengers. Saybrook Platform. €ON-SO-CI-A'TION, n. 1. Intimate union of persons ; fel- lowship; alliance; companionship ; union of things. TVot- ton. 2, I'ellowship or union of churches by their pastors and dele^;.tes ; a meeting of the pastors and delegates of a number of congregational churches. Trumbull. €ON-SO-CI-A'TiON-AL, a. Pertaining to a consociatioD T}-uml}ull. CON'SOL, 71. Consols, in England, are the funds or stocks formed by the consolidation of different annuities. Crahhe. €ON-SoL'A-BLE, a. That admits comfort ; capable of re- ceiving consolation. t€oN'SO-LATE, v. t. To comfort. €ON-SO-La'TION, 71. [L. consolatio.] 1. Comfort; allevia- tion of misery, or distress of mind ; refreshment of mind or spirits. 2. That which comforts, or refreshes the spirits ; the cause of comfort. eON'SO-LA-TOR, n. One who comforts. *€ON-SOL'A-TO-RY, a. [L. consolatorius.] Tending to give comfort ; refreshing to the mind ; assuaging grief. €ON-SOL'A-TO-RY, n. A speech or writing containing topicsof comfort. Milton. €ON-SoLE', V. t. [L. consolor.] To comfort ; to cheer the mind in distress or depression ; to alleviate grief, and give refreshment to the mind or spirits ; to give contentment or moderate happiness by relieving from distress. CONSOLE, n. [Fr.] In architecture, a bracket or shoulder- piecej or an ornament cut upon the key of an arch. €ON-SoL'ED, (kon-sold') pp. Comforted ; cheered. CON-SoL'ER, n. One that gives comfort. €ON-SOL'I-DANT, a. Having the quality of uniting wounds or forming new flesh. €ON-SOL'I-DANT, n. A medicine that heals or unites the parts of wounded flesh. Coxe. CON-SOL'I-DATE, v.t. [It. consolidare.] 1. To make solid ; to unite or press together loose or separate parts, and form a compact mass ; to harden or make dense and firm. 2. To unite the parts of a broken bone, or the lips of a wound, by means of applications. 3. To unite two parliamentary bills in one. — 4. In law, to combine two Isenefices in one. CON-SOL'I-DATE, v. i. To grow firm and hard ; to unite and become solid. CON-SOL'I-DATE, a. Formed into a solid mass. CON-SOL'I-DA-TED, pp. Made solid, hard, or compact , united. CON-SOL'I-DA-TING, ppr. Making soUd ; uniting. * See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, larg.—FXB., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ; t Obsolete. CON 183 CON CON-SOL-I-DaTION, n. 1. The act of making or process of becoming solid ; the act of forming into a firm, compact mass, body or system. H. The annexing of one bill to another in parliament or legislation. 3. The combining of two benefices in one. 4. The uniting of broken bones or wounded flesh T €ON-SOL'I-DA-TiVE, a. Having the quality of healing. eON'SOLS, n. A kind of transferable stocks. €ON'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr.. from L. consouantia.'] 1. Accord or agreement of sounds. — In music, consonance is an accord of sounds which produces an agreeable sensation iji the ear. 2. Agreement ; accold : congruity ; consistency ; agreeableness ; suitableness. GON'SO-NANT, a. 1. Agreeing ; according ; congruous ; consistent. — 2. In music, composed of consonances. €OiVSO-NANT, ?i. A letter, so named because it is consid- ered as being sounded only in connection with a vowel. €0iV'30-NANT-LY, adv. Consistently ; in agreement. €ONidO-NANT-NESB, n. Agreeableness ; cuusisteacy. t;0]\'sO-NOUS, a. [L. consonus.] Agreeing in sound 5 svmphonious. t €ON-So'PI-ATE, V. t. To lull asleep. t€ON-SO-?l-A'TiON, n. A lulling asleep. t€ON'SO-PITE, V. t. [L. consopio.] To compose ,; to lull to sleep. t €ON'SO-PITE, a. Calm ; composed. More. €OiV'SOB,T, V. [L. consors.] 1, A companion; a partner; an intimate associate ; particularly., a partner of the bed ; A wife or husband. 2. An assembly or association of per- sons, convened for consultation. 3. Union; conjunction; concurrence. 4. A number of instruments played to- gether ; a symphony ; a concert, in this sense, concert is now used. — 5. In navigation, any vessel keeping compa- ny with another. — Queen consort, the wife of a king, as distinguished from a queen recent, who rules alone, and a ijicceu dowager, the widow of a king. eON-SORT', V. i. To associate ; to unite in cojnpany ; to keep company. eON-SORT', V. t. 1. To join; to marry. 2. To unite in company. 3. To accompany ; [not u^cd.'] CON-SORT' A-BLE,- a. Suitable. JVotton. €ON-SORT'ED, pp. United in marriage. CON-SORT'ING, ppr. Unitmg in company with ; associat- ir.g. t€ON-SOR'TION, 71. Fellowship. Brown. eON'SORT-SHIP, n. Fellowship ; partnership. CON'SOUND, n. The name of several species of plants. teON-SPE€''TA-BLE, a. [h. conspectiis.] Easy to be seen . €ON-SPI-Cu'I-TY, n. Conspicuousness ; brightness. [Little used.] Shale. €0N-SPie'U-0U3, a. [L. conspicuics .] 1. Open to the view ; obvious to the eye ; easy to be seen ; manifest. 2. Ob- vious to the mental eye ; clearly or extensively known, perceived or understood. Hence, eminent ; famous ; dis- tinguished. €ON-SPIC'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a conspicuous manner; obviously ; in a manner to be clearly seen ; eminently ; remarkably. eON-SPiC'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Openness or exposme to the view ; a state of being visible at a distance. 2. Emi- nence ; fame ; celebrity; ^;enov/n ; a state of being exten- sively knov/n and distinguished. €0N-SPIR'A-CY, 71. [L. conspiratio.} 1. A combination of men for an evil purpose ; an agreement, between two or more persons, to commit some crime in concert ; particu- larly, a combination to commit treason, or excite sedition or insurrection against the government of a state ; a plot. — 9. in laio, an agreement between two or more persons, falsely and maliciously to indict, or procure to be indicted, an innocent person of felony. 3. A concurrence ; a gen- eral tendency of two or more causes to one event. €0N-SPl'RANT, a. [L. con-spirans.'] Conspiring ; plotting ; engaging iji a plot to commit a crime. CON-SPI-Ra'TION, ?!. Conspiracy; agreement or concur- rence of things to one end. €0N-SPIR'A-T0R, n. 1. One who conspires ; one who en- gages in a plot to commit a crime, particularly treason. — 2. In law, one who agrees with another falsely and ma- liciously to indict an innocent person of felony. eON-SPlRE', v.i. [L. conspiro.'] ]. To agree, by oath, covenant or otherwise, to commit a crime ; to plot ; to liatch treason. — 2. In law, to agree falsely and malicious- ly to indict an innocent person of felony. 3. To agree; to concur to one end. eON-SPlR'ER, n. One who conspires or plots ; a conspira- tor. Shak. €ON-SPiR'ING, ppr. 1. Agreeing to commit a crime ; plot- ting ; uniting or concurring to one end. — 2. In mechanics, conspiring powers are such as act in a direction not opposite to one another ; cooperating powers. eON-SPIR'lNG-LY, adv. In the manner of a conspiracy ; by conspiracy. Milton. €ON-SPIS-Sa'TION, 7t. [1,. conspissatus.] The act of mak- ing thick or viscous ; thickness. t€Ol\'&PUR-€ATE, w. c. [L. conspurco.] To defile. teON-SPUR-CA-TlON, 71. [L. conspurco.] The act of vlt* filing ; defilement ; pollution. €oN'STA-BLE, n. [yp. condestable ; It. conestabilc ; Fr connetahlc ; L. comes stabuli.] 1. The lord high constable of England, the seventh officer of the crown. Be had the care of tlie common peace, in deeds of arms, and matters ot vi^ar ; being a judge of the court of chivalry, now called the court of honor. 2. An oflicer of the peace. — In Fyngland, there are high constables, petty constables, and consta- bles of London. Their duty is to keep the peace, and for this purpose they are invested with the power of arresting and imprisoning, and of breaking open houses. — 3. In the United States, constables are town-officers of the peace, with powers similar .0 those possessed by the constables in Great Britain. They are invested also with powers to execute civil as well as criminal process, and to levy exe- cutions. — To overrun the constable, to spend more tliar a man is worth or can pay ; a vulgar phrase. fCoN'STA-BLE-llY, 71. The district called also consiablc- wick. e6N';:^TA-BLE-SHrP, it. The oftice of a constable. C6N'STA-BLE-WICK, n. The district to which a consta- ble's power is limited. Hale. COJ\';STAN-CY, 7t. [L. constantia.] I. Fixedness; a stand- ing firm ; hence, applied to God or his works, unmutabil- ity; unalterable continuance; a permanent state. 2, Fixedness or firmness of mind ; persevering resolution ; steady, unshaken determination ; lasting affection , sta- bil ity hi love or friendship. 3. Certainty ; veracity ; reality. €ON'oTANT,a. [la.constans.] 1. Fixed ; firm; opposed to faiid. [In this sense not used.] 2. Fixed ; not varied ; unchanged ; permanent ; immutable. 3. Fixed or firm in mind, purpose, atfection or principle ; unshaken ; un- moved. 4. Certain ; steady ; firmly adherent. €ON-STAN-TI-NO-POL'I-TAN, a. Relating to Constanti- nople, the metropolis of Turkey in EuropeT €ON'STANT-LY, acZo. Firmly; steadily ;"invariably ; con- tinuallv ; perse veringly. eON'STAT, 71. [L.] 1. In England, a certificate given by the clei-k of the pipe and auditors of the exchequer, to a person who intends to plead or move for a discharge of any thing in that court. The effect of it is to show what appears upon the record, respecting the matter in ques- tion. 2. An exemplificatioia, under the great seal, of the enrollment of any letters patent. *€ON'STSL-LATS, V. ?. [Low Tu. constellatus.] To join lustre ; to shine with united radiance, or one general light. [Little used.] * €OJV'STEL-LATE, v. t. To unite several shining bodies in one splendor. [LitMc used.] * €ON'STEL-LA-TED, pp. 1. United in one splendor. 2. Starry ; set or adorned with stars or constellations. J. Barlow. €ON-STEL-La'TION, n. 1. A cluster of fixed stars ; an asterism ; a number of stars which appear as if situated near each other in the heavens, and are considered as forhiing a particular division. 2. An assemblage of splen- dors or excellences. eON-STER-NA'TION, n. [L. consternatio.j Astonishment ; amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates a person for consultation and execution ; excessive terror, wonder or surprise. €ON'STI-PATE, v.t. [L. constipo.] 1. To crowd or cram into A narrow compass ; to thicken or condense. 2. To stop, by filliuij a passage, and preventing motion. 3. To fill or crowd the intestinal canal, and make costive. CON-STI-Pa'TJON, 71. 1. The act of crowding any thing into a less compass ; a pressing together ; condensation 2. More generally, a crowding or filling to hardness the intestinal canal, from defective excretion; costiveness obstipation. eON-STIT'U-ENT, a. [L. constitnens.] Settmg ; constitut- ing. Hence, necessary or essential ; elem^ental ; forming, composing or making as an essential part. €ON-STIT'U-ENT, n. 1. He or that which sets, fixes ot forms ; he or that which constitutes or composes. 2. That which constitutes or composes, as a part, or an essential part. 3. One who appoints or elects another to an office or employment. Burke. CONSTI-TUTE, V. t. [L. constituo.] 1. To set; to fix ; to enact ; to establish. 2. To form or compose ; to give formal existence to ; to make a thing what it is. 3. To appoint, depute or elect to an office or employment ; to make and empower. t €ON'STI-TUTE, n. An established law. CON'STI-TU-TED, ;>p. Set; fixed; established ; made t elected; appointed. €ON'STI-TU-TER, n. One who constitutes or appohits. €ON'STI-TU-TING, ppr. Setting ; establishing ; compos- ing ; electing ; appointing. €ON-STI-Tu'TlON, n. 1. The .act of constituting, enact- ing, establishing or appointing. 2. The state of being that form of being, or peculiar structure and connection of • See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.^C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete CON 184 CON parts, which makes or characterizes a system or body. Hence the particular frame or temperament of the human body is called its constitution. 3. The frame or temper of mind, affections or passions. 4. The established form of government in a state, kingdom or country ; a system of fundamental rules, principles and ordinances for the gov- ernment of a state or nation. 5. A particular law, ordi- nance, or regulation, made fay the authority of any supe- rior, civil or ecclesiastical. 6. A system of fundamental principles for the government of rational and social be- ings. €ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. 1. Bred or mherent in the constitution, or in the natural frame of body or mind. 2. Consistent with the constitution ; authorized by the constitution or fundamental rules of a government; legal. 3. Relating to the constitution. Paley. €ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL-IST, ?i. 1. An adherent to the constitution of government. 2. An innovator of the old constitution, or a framer or friend of the new constitution in France. €ON-STI-TU-TION-ALa-TY, n. 1. The state of being constitutional ; the state of being inherent in the natural Drawn together; bound; contract- ed. €ON-STRI€T'ING, ppr. Drawing together ; binding ; con- tracting. €ON-STRI€'TION, n. A drawing together or contraction by means of some inherent power, or by spasm, as distin- guished from compression, or the pressure of extraneous bodies. €ON-STRI€T'OR, n. 1. That which draws together or contracts. — In anatomy, a muscle which draws together or closes an orifice of the body. 2. A species of serpents, the black snake of the United States. Also, the hoa con- strictor, the largest of known serpents €ON-STRINGE', (kon-strinj') v. t. [L. constringo.] To draw together ; to strain into a narrow compass ; to con- tract ; to force to contract itself. €ON-STRING'ED, (kon-strinjd') pp Contracted; drawn together. €0N-STRiN'6ENT, a. Having the qualitv of contracting, binding or compressing. eON-STRING'ING, ppr. Drawing or compressing into a smaller compass ; contracting ; binding. €ON-STRUeT', V. t. [L. construo, constructum.] 1. To put together the parts of a thing in their proper place and order ; to build ; to form. 2. To devise and compose ; as, to construct a new system. 3. To interpret or under- stand. €ON-STRU€T'ED, pp. Built ; formed ; composed ; com- piled. €ON-STRU€T'ER, n. One who constructs or frames. eON-STRU€T'ING, ppr. Building ; framing ; composing. €0N-STRUe'TION, n. [L. constmctio.] 1. The act of building, or of devising and forming ; fabrication. 2. The form of buildmg; the manner of putting together the parts of a building, a machine, or a system ; structure ; conformation.— 3. In grammar, syntax, or the arrange- ment and connection of words in a sentence, according to established usages, or the practice of good writers and speakers. 4. Sense ; meaning ; interpretation ; explana- tion : or the manner of understanding the arrangement of words, or of understanding facts. 5. The manner of describing a figure or problem in geometry. — 6. In alge- bra, the construction of equations is the method of reduc- ing a known equation into lines and figures, In order to a geometrical demonstration. €ON-STRU€'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to construction. I Unusual.l €0N-STRU€'TIVE, a. By construction ; created or deduc- ed by construction, or mode of interpretation ; not directly expressed, but inferred. CON-STRUCTIVE-LY, adv In a constructive manner; by way of construction or interpretation ; by fair infer- ence. €0N-STRU€T'URE, n. An edifice ; pile ; fabric. Black- more. * CON'STRUE, v. t. [L. construe.] 1. To arrange words in their natural order ; to reduce from a transposed to a nat - ural order, so as to discover the sense of a sentence hence, to interpret ; and, when applied to a foreign lan- guage, to translate ; to render into English. 2. To inter- pret ; to explain ; to show or to understand the meaning. CON'STRUED, pp. Ananged In natural order ; interpret- ed ; understood ; translated. €ON'STRU-IJ>JG, ppr. Ananging in natural order; ex- pounding ; interpreting ; translating. eON'STU-PRATE, v. t. [L. constupro.] To violate ; to debauch ; to defile. €ON-STU-PRa'TION, n. The act of ravishing ; violation j defilement. Bp. Hall. CON-SUB-SIST', V. i. To subsist together. €ON-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. [L. consubstantialis.] 1. Having the same substance or essence ; co-essential. 2. Of the same kind or nature. €ON-SUB-STAN'TIAL-IST, n. One who believes in con- substantiation. Barrow, €ON-SUB-STAN-TI-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The existence of more than one in the same substance. Hammond. 2. Paitici- pation of the same nature. €ON-SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. t. [L. con and substantia.] To unite in one common substance or nature. €ON-SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. i. To profess consubstantia- tion. Dry den. €ON-SUB-STAN-TI-A'TION, n. The union of the body of our blessed Savior with the sacramental elements. The Lutherans maintain that after consecration of the ele- ments, the body and blood of Christ are substantially present with the substance of the bread and wine, which is called consubstantiation, or impanation. eON'SUL, n. [L.] 1. The chief magistrate of the ancient Roman republic, invested with regal authority for one year. — 2. In modern usage, the name consul is given to a person commissioned by a king or state to reside in a for- eign country as an agent or representative, to protect the rights, commerce, merchants and seamen of the state, and to aid the government in any commercial transactions with such foreign country. 3. An adviser ; [not author- ized.] Bacon. €ON'SUL-AGE, n. A duty laid by the British Levant Com- pany on imports and exports for the support of the com- pany's affairs. Eton. CON'SUL-AR, a. Pertaining to a consul. €ON'SUL-ATE, n. [L. consulatus.] 1. The office of a consul. 2. The jurisdiction or extent of a consul's au- thority. €ON'SUL-SHIP, 71. The office of a consul ; or the term of his office. CON-SULT', V. i. [L. cmisnlto.] 1. To seek the opinion or advice of another, by a statement of facts, and suitable inquiries, for the purpose of directing one's own judg- ment. , 2. To take counsel together ; to seek opinions and advice- by mutual statements, inquiries and reasonings ; to deliberate in common. 3. To consider with dehbera- tion. CON-SULT', V. t. 1. To ask advice of; to seek the opinion of another, as a guide to one's own judgment. 2. To seek for information, or facts, in something. 3. To re gard ; to have reference or respect to, in judging or act- ing ; to decide or to act in favor of. 4. To plan, devise or contrive ; [t/iis sense is unusual.] *€0]N-SULT', n. The act of consulting ; the effect of con- sultation ; deternunation ; a council, or deliberating as- sembly. Dryden. [This word is, I believe, entirely obso- lete, except in poetry.] €ON-SUL-Ta'TION, 72. 1. The act of ccnsulting ; delib- eration of two or more persons, with a view to some de- cision. 2. The persons who consult together ; a number of persons seeking mutually each other's opinions and advice ; a council for deliberation .— JFrit of consultation, in law, a writ awarded by a superior court, to return a * See Synopsia A, JE, I, 0, tJ, Y, long.—¥AU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete CON 185 CON cause, which had been removed by prohibition from the court Christian, to its original jurisdiction. eON-SULT'A-TtVE, a. Having the privilege of consult- ing. €ON-SULT'ED, yp. Asked j inquired of for opinion or ad- vice ; regarded. eON-SULT'ER, n. One who consults, or asks counsel or information. €ON-SULiT'ING, ppr. Asking advice ; seeking informa- tion ; deliberating and inquiring mutually ; regarding. €ON-SuM'A-BLE, a. That may be consumed 5 possible to be destroyed, dissipated, wasted or spent. €ON-SuME', V. t. [L. coTHsumo.'] 1. To destroy, by separ- ating the parts of a thing, by decomposition, as by fire, or by eating, devouring, and annihilating tlie form of a sub- stance. 2. To destroy by dissipating or by use ; to ex- pend 3 to waste ; to squander. 3. To spend ; to cause to pass away, as time. 4. To cause to disappeai- j to waste slowly. 5. To destroy ; to bring to utter ruin ; to exter- minate. €ON-SuME', V. i. To waste away slowly ; to be exhausted. eON-SuM'ED, (kon-sumdO pp. Wasted j burnt up j de- stroyed ; dissipated ; squandered ; expended. €ON-SuM'ER, n. One who consumes, spends, wastes or destroys ; that which consumes. €ON-SuM'ING, ppr. 1. Burning; wasting 5 destroying; expending ; eating ; devouring. 2. a. That destroys. * €ON''SUM-MATE, v. t. [L. consummo, c(msuinviatus.'\ To end ; to finish by completing what was intended ; to perfect ; to bring or cany to the utmost point or degree. €GN-SUM'MATE, a. Complete; perfect; carried to the utmost extent or degree. * €ON'SUM-MA-TED, pp. Completed ; perfected ; ended. eON-SUM'MATE-LY, adv. Completely ; perfectly. * eON'SUM-MA-TING, ppr. Completing ; accomplisliing ; perfecting. €ON-SUM-Ma'TION, 71. [L. consummo.tio.] 1. Comple- tion; end; perfection of a work, process or scheme. 2. The end or completion of the present system of things ; the end of the world. 3. Death ; the end of life. — Con- summation of marriage, tlie most intimate union of the sexes, which completes the connubial relation. €ON-SUMP'TION, n. [I,, consuviptio.] 1. The act of con- suming ; waste ; destruction by burning, eating, devour- ing, scattering, dissipation, slow decay, or by passing away, as time. 2. The state of being wasted, or dimin- ished. — 3. In medicine, a wasting of flesh ; a gradual de- cay or diminution of the body ; a word of extensive signif- ication. Butparticularhj, the disease called phthisis pul- monalis, pulmonic consumption, a disease seated in the lungs, attended with hectic fever, cough, &c. €ON-SUMP'TIVE, a. 1. Destructive ; wasting; exhaust- ing ; having the quality of consuming or dissipating. 2.' Affected with a consumption or pulmonic disease, as, consumptive lungs ; or inclined to a consumption ; tending to the phthisis pulmonalis. €ON-SUMP'TIVE-LY, adv. In a way tending to consump- tion. €ON-SUMP'TIVE-NESS, ?^. A state of being consumptive, or a tendency to a consumption. ■(• €ON-Su'TlLE, a. [L. consutilis.] That is sewed or stitched together. €ON-TAB'U-LATE, v. t. [L. contabulo.] To floor with boards. €ON-TAB-U-La.'TION, n. The act of laying with boards, or of flooring. eON'TACT, n. [L. contactus.] A touching ; touch ; close union or juncture of bodies. €0N-T ACTION, n. The act of touching. eON-TA'GlON, n. [L. covtagio.] 1. Literally, a touch or touching. Hence, the communication of a disease by contact, or the matter communicated. More generally, that subtil matter which proceeds from a diseased person or body, and communicates the disease to another person. 2. That which communicates evil from one to aiiotlier ; infection ; that wliich propagates mischief. 3. Pesti- lence I a pestilential disease ; venomous exhalations. €ON-Ta'GIOUS, a. 1. Containing or generating conta- gion ; catching ; that may be communicated by contact, or by a subtil excreted matter. 2. Poisonous ; pestilen- tial; containing contagion, 3. Containing miscliief that may be propagated. 4. That may be communicated from one to another, or may excite like affections in others. €ON-Ta'6IOUS-NESS, n. The quahty of being contagious. CON-TaIN', v. t. [L. contineo.] 1. To hold, as a vessel; to have capacity ; to be able to hold. 2. To comprehend ; to hold within specified limits. 3. To comprehend ; to comprise. 4. To hold within limits prescribed ; to re- strain ; to withhold from trespass or disorder ; [obs.] 5. To include. 6. To inclose. €ON-TaIN', v. i. To live in continence or chastity. Jlr~ buthnot. eON-TAIN'A-BLE, a. That may be contained, or com- prised. €ON-TAIN'ED, (kon-tand') pp. Held j comprehended 1 comprised ; included ; inclosed. €ON-TaINTNG, ppr. Holding ; having capacity to hold , comprehending ; comprising ; including , inclosing. eON-TAM'I-NATE, t). f. [L.. contamvno.] To defile; to pollute ; usually in a figurative sense ; to sully ; to tar- nish ; to taint. €ON-TAM'I-NATE, a. Polluted ; defiled ; corrupt. €ON-TAM'I-NA-TED, pp. Polluted ; defiled ; tarnished. €ON-TAM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Polluting; defiling; tarnish- ing. €ON-TAM-I-Na'TION, n. The act of polluting ; pollution ; defilement; taint. CON'TECK, 71. Cluarrel ; contention. [JYot English.] t €ON-TE€'TION, 71. [L. contego.] A covering. Sir T. Browne. t eON-TEM ER-A-TED, a. Violated ; polluted. Diet. CON-TEMN', (kon-tem') v. t. [L. contemno.] - 1. To de- spise ; to consider and treat as mean and despicable ; to sconi. 2. To slight ; to neglect as unworthy of regard ; to reject with disdain. CON-TEM'NED, (kon-temd') pp. Despised ; scorned : slighted ; neglected, or rejected with disdain. €ON-TEM'NER, n. One who contemns; a despiser; a scorner. €ON-TEM'NJNG, ppr. Despising ; slighting as vile or des- picable ; ntglecting or rejecting, as unworthy of re- gard. €ON-TEM'PER, v. t. [Low L. contempero.'\ To moderate ; to reduce to a lower degree by mixture with opposite or different qualities ; to temper. CON-TEBI'PER-A-MENT, n. Moderated or qualified de- gree ; a degree of any quality reduced to that of another ; temperament. €ON-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. To temper ; to leduce the qual- ity of, by mixing something opposite or different; to moderate. €ON-TEM-PER-a'TION, n. 1. The act of reducing a quality by admixture of the contrary ; the act of moderat- ing or tempering. 2. Temperament ; proportionate mix- ture. [Instead of tliese words, temper and temperament are now generally used,] * CON'TEM-PLATE, 7;. f . \1.. contemplor.] 1. To view or consider with continued attention ; to study ; to med- itate on. 2. To consider or have in view, in reference to a future act or event ; to intend. Hamilton. * CON'TEM-PLATE, v. i. To thmk studiously ; to study ; to muse ; to meditate. * €ON'TEM-PLA-TED, jyp. Considered with attention; meditated on ; intended. * eON'TEM-PLA-TING, ppr. Considering v/ith contumed attention ; meditating on ; musing. €0N-TEM-PLa'TI0N, n. [L. contemplatic] 1. The act of the mind in considering with attention ; meditation ; study ; continued attention of the mi nd to a particular subject. 2. Holy meditation ; attention to sacred things. — To have in contemplation, to intend or purpose, or to have under consideration. €ON-TEM'PLA-TiVE, a. 1. Given to contemplation, or continued application of the mind to a subject • studious ; thoughtful. 2. Employed in study. 3. Having the ap- pearance of study, or a studious habit. 4. Having the power of thoughtor meditation. €ON-TEM'PLA-TIVE-LY, adv. With contemplation; at- tentively ; thoughtfully ; with deep attention. * €ON'TEM-PLA-TOR, n. One who contemplates ; one employed in study or meditation ; an inquirer after knowl- edge. €ON-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [See Cotemporary.] Liv- ing or being at the same time. €ON-TEM'PO-RA-RI-NESS, 71. Existence at the same point of time. Howell. €ON-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [It., Sp. contemporaneo ; Fr. contemporain. For the sake of easier pronunciation, this word is often changed to cotemporar-y.] Coeta- neous ; living at the same time ; being or existing at the same time. See Cotemforary, the preferable word. €ON-TEM'PO-RA-RY, n. One who lives at the same time with another. t €ON-TEM'PO-RlSE, v. t. To make contemporary ; to place in the same age or time. CON-TEMPT', n. [L. co7itemptus.'\ I. The act of despis- ing ; the act of viewing or considering and treating as mean, vile and worthless ; disdain ; hatred of what is mean or deemed vile. 2. The state of being despised ; whence, in a Scriptural sense, shame, disgrace. — In law, disobedience of the rules and orders of a court, which is a punishable offense. €ON-TEMPT'I-BLE, a. [L. contemptibilis.] 1. Worthy of contempt ; that deserves scorn or disdam ; despicable ; mean; vile. 2. Apt to despise ; contemptuous; [not le- gitimate.] Shak. €ON-TEMPT'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being con- * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f Aw, f Obsolete CON 186 CON temptible, or of being despised ; despicableness ; mean- ness ; vileness. €ON-TEMPT'I-BLY, adv. In a contemptible manner; meanly ; in a manner deserving of contempt. €ON-TEMPT'U-OUS, a. Manifesting or expressing con- tempt or disdain ; scornful ; apt to despise ; haughty ; in- solent. €ON-TEMPT'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a contemptuous man- ner ; with scorn or disdain ; despitefully. €ON-TEMPT U-OUc)-IMESS, n. Disposition to contempt; act of wntempt ; insolence ; s€ornfulness ; haughtiness. €ON-TEND', v.i, [h. contendo.] 1. To strive, or to strive against ; to struggle in opposition. 2. To strive ; to use earnest efforts to obtain, or to defend and preserve. 3. To dispute earnestly; to striye in debate. 4. To reprove sharply ; to chide ; to strive to convince and reclaim. 5. To strive in opposition ; to punish. 6. To quarrel ; to dispute fieicely ; to wiangle.— To contend for,to strive to obtain. eON-TEND', V. t. To dispute ; to contest. This transitive use oi contend is not strictly legitimate. €ON-TEND'ED, pp. Urged in argument or debate ; dis- puted ; contested. €ON-TEND'ENT, n. An antagonist or opposer. €ON-TEND'ER, n. One who contends; a combatant; a champion^ Locke. eON-TEND'ING, ppr. 1. Striving ; struggling to oppose ; debating ; urging in argument ; quarreling. 2. a. Clash- ing ; opposing ; rival. €ON-TEN'E-MENT, n. Land, or freehold contiguous to a tenement. Blackstone. €ON-TENT', a. [L. contenUhs.'] Literally, held, contained witliin limits ; lience, quiet ; not disturbed ; liaving a mind at peace ; easy ; satisfied, so as not to repine, ob- ject, or oppose. C.ON-TENT', V. t. 1. To satisfy the mind ; to make quiet, so as to stop complaint or opposition ; to appease ; to make easy in any situation. 2. To please or gratify. eON-TENT', n. 1. Rest or quietness of the mind in the present condition. 2. Acquiescence ; satisfaction with- out examination. 3. The term used in the house of lords in England, to express an assent to a bill or motion. *€ON'TENT, n. 1. Often in the plural, contents. That which is contained ; the thing or things held, included or comprehended within a limit ; as, the contents of a book. — 2. In geometry, the area or quantity of matter or space included in certain lines. 3. The power of containing; capacitv ; extent within limits. Bacon. tCON-TEN-TA'TION, ?(. Content; satisfaction. eON-TENT'ED, -pp. or a. Satisfied ; quiet ; easy in mind ; not complnining, opposing or demanding more. €ON-TENT'ED-LY, adv. In a contented manner; quietly ; without concern. €ON-TENT'ED-NESSj n. State of resting in mind ; quiet ; satisfaction of mind with anv condition or event. t €ON-TENT'FUL, a. Full of contentment. €ON-TEN'TION, n. [L. contentio.'] ]. Strife; struggle; a violent effort to obtain something, or to resist a person, claim or injury ; contest ; quarrel. 2. Strife in words or debate ; quarrel ; angry contest ; controversy. 3. Strife or endeavor to excel ; emulation. 4. Eagerness ; zeal ; ardor ; vehemence of endeavor ; [ofe.J eON-TEN'TIOUS, a. [Fr. contenticux.] 1. Apt to contend; given to angry debate ; quarrelsome ; perverse. 2. Relat- ing to contention m law ; relating to litigation ; having power to decide causes between contending parties. 3. Exciting or adapted to provoke contention or disputes. €ON-TEN'TrOUS JU-RIS-DI€'TION. A court which has power to judge and determine differences between con- tending parties. eON-TEN'TIOUS-LY, ada. In a contentious manner; quarrelsomely ; pervei-sely. €ON-TEN'TIOUS-NESS, n. A disposition to contend; proneness to contest ; perverseness ; quarrelsomeness. €0:V-TENT'LESS, a. Discontented ; dissatisfied ; uneasy. t €OX-TENT'LY, adv. In a contented way. €ON-TENT'MEXT, 71. [Fr. contentcmcnt.] 1. Content; a resting or satisfaction of mind without disquiet ; acquies- '•ence. 2. Gratification. eoN-TEFMIN-A-BLE, a. [L. con and terminus.] Capable of the same bounds. CON-TERM' [N-ATE, a. Having the same bounds. B. Jon- son. eON-TERM'IN-OUS, a. [L. contermimis .] Bordering upon ; touching at the boundary ; contiguous. t€O.V-TER-RA'NE-AN, )a. [lu. conterraneus.l Being of fCON-TER-RA NE-OUS, \ the same country. €ON-TES-SE-Ra'TION, n. Assembly ; collection. €ON-TEST', V. t. [Fr. contester.] J. To dispute ; to strive earnestly to hold or maintain ; to struggle to defend. 2. To dispute ; to argue in opposition to ; to controvert ; to litigate ; to oppose ; to call in question. eON TEST', v.i. I. To strive ; to contend. 2. To vie ; to emulate. CONTEST, n. 1. Strife ; struggle for victory, Bupetlotitj^ or in defense ; struggle in arms. 2. Dispute ; debate ; violent controversy ; strife in argument. CON-TEST'A-BLE, a. That maybe disputed or debated j disputable ; controvertible. CON-TEST'A-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being contest- ed. €ON-TES-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of contesting ; strife : dispute. 2. Testimony ; proof by witnesses. CON-TEST'ING-LY, adv. In a contending manner CON'TEST-LESS, a. Not to be disputed, mil. t CON-TEX', v. t. To weave together. Boyle. CON'TEXT,' n, [L. contextus.] The general series or com- position of a discom-se ; more particularly, the parts of a discourse which precede or follow the sentence quoted ; tlie passages of Scripture which are near the text, either before it or after it. CON-TEXT', a. Knit or woven together ; close ; firm, t CON-TEXT', V. t. To knit together CON-TEXT'URE, n. The manner of interweaving several parts into one body ; the disposition and union of the con- stituent parts of a thing, with respect to each other ; com- position of parts ; constitution. CON-TEXT 'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to contexture, or to the human frame. CON-TIG-Na'TION, n. [L. contignatio.] 1. A frame of beams ; a story. 2. The act of framing together, or unit- ing beams in a fabric. CON-TI-Gu'I-TY, n. Actual contact of bodies ; a touching. Hale. CON-TIG'U-OUS, a. [L. contigmis.] Touching; meeting or joining at the surface or border. CON-TIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to touch ; without intervening space. CON-TIG'U-OUS-NESS, 71. A state of contact ; close union of surfaces or boilers. CON'TI-NENCE, ; n. [L. continentia.] 1. In a general CON'TI-NEN-CY, \ sense, the restraint which a person imposes upon his desires and passions; self-command. 2. .Appropriately, the restraint of the passion for sexual en- joyment ; resistance of concupiscence ; forbearance of lewd pleasures ; hence, chastity. But the term is usual- ly applied to males, as chastity is to females. 3. Forbear- ance of lawful pleasure. 4. Moderation in the indul- gence of sexual enjoyment. 5. Continuity; uninterrupt- ed course ; [not noio used.'\ CON'TI-NENT, a. [L. continens.} 1. Refraining from un- lawful sexual commerce, or moderate in the indulgence of lawful pleasm-e ; chaste. 2. Restrained ; moderate ; temperate. 3. Opposmg ; restraining. .4. Continuous ; comiected ; not intenupted. Breretcoud. CON'TI-NENT, 77. 1. In geography, a" great extent of land, not disjoined or interrupted by a sea ; a connected tract of land of great extent ; as the'eastern and western con- tinent. 2. That which contains any thing ; [not used.] Shak. CON-TI-NENT'AL, a. Pertaining or relating to a conti- nent.— In .America, pertaining to the United States, as continental moneyj in distinction from what ijertains to the separate states ; a word much used during the revolu ■ tion. CON'TI-NENT-LY, adv. In a continent manner ; chaste ■ ly ; moderately ; temperately. t CON-TINGE',' u. i. [L. contingo.] To touch; to hap- pen. CON-TIN'GENCE, ) n. [L. contingens.] 1. The quality CON-TIN'6EN-CY, ) of bemg contingent or casual ; a happening ; or the possibility of coming to pass. 2. Cas- ualty ; accident ; fortuitous event. CON-TIN'GENT, a. 1. Falling or coming by chance, that is, without design or expectation on our part ; accidental ; casual. — 2. In law, depending on an uncertainty. CON-TIN'GENT, n. 1. A fortuitous event; that which comes without our design, foresight or expectation. 2. That Which falls to one in a division or apportionment among a number ; a quota ; an equal or suitable shaie ; proportion. CON-TIN'GENT-LY, adv. Accidentally ; without design or foresight. CON-TIN'GENT-NESS, n. The state of being contingent ; fortuitousness. CON-TIN'U-AL, a. [Fr. continuel ; L. continuus.] 1. Pro- ceeding without interruption or cessation ; unceasing ; not intermitting ; used in reference to time. .2. Very fre- quent ; often repeated. — 3. Continual fever, or continued fever, a fever that abates, but never entirely intermits, till it comes to a crisis ; thus distinguished from remitting and intermitting fever. — 4. Continual claim, in law, a claim that is made from time to time within every year or day, to land or other estate, the possession of which can- not be obtained without hazard. 5. Perpetual. CON-TIN'U-AL-TiY, adv. 1. Without pause or cessation unceasingly. 2. Very often ; in repeated succession from time to time. * Ses Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete CON 187 CON CON-TIN'U-AL-NESS, 71. Permanence. Hales. eON-TlN'U-ANCE, n. 1. A holding on or remaining in a particular state, or in a course or series. Applied to time, duration j a state of lasting. 2. Perseverance. 3. Abode : residence. 4. Succession uninterrupted ; continuation \ a prolonging of existence. 5. Progression of time. — 6. In law, the deferring of a suit, or the giving of a day for the parties to a suit to appear. 7. In the United States, the deferring of a trial or suit from one stated term of the court to another. 8. Continuity ; resistance to a separa- tion of parts ; a holding together ; [not used.] €ON-TIN'U-ATE, v. t. To join closely together. Potter. eON-TIN'U-ATE, a. [L. continuatus.] 1. Immediately united ; holding together. [Little used.] 2. Uninterrupt- ed ; unbroken. [Little v^ed,] €ON-TIN'C-ATE-LY, adv. Wiih continuity ; without in- terruption. [Little used.] €ON-TIN-U-A'TION, n. [L. continuatio.] 1. Extension of existence in a series or line ; succession uninterrupted. 2. Extension or carrying on to a further point. 3. Extension in space ; production ; a canying on in length. eON-TIN'U-A-TlVE, n. 1. An expression noting perma- nence or duration. — 2. In grammar, a word that contin- ues. €ON-TIN-Lr-A'TOR, n. One who continues or keeps up a series or succession. €ON-TIN'UE, V. i. [Fr. continuer ; L. continuo^] 1. To remain in a state, or place ; to abide for any time indefi- nitely. 2. To last ; to be durable ; to endure ; to be per- manent. 3. To persevere ; to be steadfast or constant in any course. eON-TIN'UE, V. t. 1. To protract ; not to cease from or to terminate. 2. To extend from one thing to another j to produce or draw out in length. 3. To persevere in ; not to cease to do or use. 4. To hold to or unite ; [not used.] €ON-TIN'UED, p/;. 1. Drawn out; protracted; produced; extended in length ; extended without interruption, 2. a. Extended in time without intermission ; proceeding without cessation ; unceasing, — Continued propo^-tion, m arithmetic, is where the consequent of the first ratio is the same with the antecedent of the second j as 4 : 8 : : 8 : 16, in contradistinction from discrete proportion. €ON-TIN'[J-ED-LY, adv. Without intenuption ; without ceasing. JSTorris. €ON-TIN'U-ER, n. One who continues ; one that has the power of perseverance. €ON-TIN'U-ING, ppr. 1. Remaining fixed or permanent ; abiding ; lasting ; enduring ; persevering ; protracting ; producing in length. 2. a. Permanent. €ON-TI-Nu'I-TY. n. PL continv.if.as 1 Connection unin- terrupted ; cohesion ; close union of parts ; unbroKen tex- ture. €ON-TIN'U-OUS, a. [L. continuus.] Joined without in- tervening space. €OXi-TORT', V. t. [L. contorqueo, contortus.] To twist to- gether ; to writhe. eON-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted together. €ON-TOR'TION, ) n. [Fr, contorsion.] I. A twisting ; a eON-TOR'SION, ) writhing ; a wresting ; a twist ; wry motion. — 2. In medicine, a twisting or wresting of a limb or member of the body out of its natural situation ; the iliac passion ; partial dislocation ; distorted spine ; con- tructGd nGck. €ON-T5UR', n. [Fr. contour.] The outline ; the line that defines or terminates a figure. €ON-ToUR'NI-A-TED, a. Having edges appearing as if turned in a lathe. €ON'TRA A Latin preposition signifying against, in op- position, entering into the composition of some English words. €ON'TRA-BAND, a. [It, contrahbando ; Fr. contrebande.l Prohibited. — Contraband goods are such as are prohibited to be imported or exported, either by the laws of a! partic- ular kingdom or state, or by the law of nations, or by spe- cial treaties. €ON'TRA-BAND, n. 1. Prohibition of trading in goods contrary to the laws of a state or of nations. 2. Illegal traffick, eON'TRA-BAND, v. t. To import goods prohibited. €ON'TRA-BAND-I§T,«. One who trafiicks illegally. eON-TRA€T', ?). t. [L. contraho, contractum.] L To draw together or nearer ; to draw into a less compass, either in length or breadth ; to shorten ; to abridge ; to narrow ; to lessen. 2. To draw the parts together; to wrinkle. 3. To betroth ; to affiance. 4. To draw to ; to brin» on ; to incur ; to gain. 5. To shorten by omission of a letter or syllable. 6. To epitomize ; to abridge. CON-TRACT', v.i. 1. To shrink; to become shorter or narrower. 2. To bargain ; to make a mutual agreement, as between two or more persons. ' CON-TRACT', for contracted, pp. Affianced ; betrothed. Shak. CON'TRACT, n. 1. An agreement or covenant between two or more persons ; a mutual promise upon lawful con- sideration or cause, which binds the parties or a perform- ance ; a bargain ; a compact. 2 The act by which a man and woman aie betrothed, each to the other. 3. The writing which contains the agreement of parties with the terms and conditions. €ON-TRACT'ED, pp. 1. Drawn together, or into a short- er or narrower compass ; shrunk ; betrothed ; incurred ; bargained. 2. a. Narrow ; mean ; selfish. CON-TRACT'ED-LY, adv. In a contracted manner. CON-TRACT'ED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being contract- ed. 2. Narrowness ; meanness ; excessive selfishness. CON-TRACT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Possibility of being contract- ed ; quality of sufifering contraction., CON-TRACT'I-BLE, a. Capable of contraction. CON-TRACT'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of suffering contraction ; contractibility. Diet. CON-TRACT'iLE, a. Tending to contract; having the power of shortening, or of drawing into smaller dimen- sions. CON-TRAC-TIL'I-TY, n. The inherent quality or force by which bodies shrink or contract. €ON-TRACT'ING, ppr. 1, Shortening or narrowing ; draw- ing together ; lessening dimensions ; shrinking ; making a bargain ; betrothing. 2. a. Making or having made a contract or treaty ; stipulating. CON-TRACTION, 7t. [L. contractio.] 1. The act of draw ing together, or siirinking ; the act of shortening, narrow- ing or lessening extent or dimensions, by causing the parts of a body to approach nearer to each other ; the state of being contracted. 2. The act of shortening, abridging, or reducing within a narrower compass by any means. — 3. In grammar, the shortening of a word, by the omis sion of a letter or syllable. 4. A contract ; marriage con- tract ; {not used.] 5. Abbreviation. CON-TRACT'OR, n. 1. One who contracts ; one of the parties to a bargain , one who covenants to do any thing for another. 2. One who contracts or covenants with a government to furnish provisions or other supplies, or to perform any work or service for the public, at a certain price or rate, CON'TRA-DANCE, ) n. [Fr. contre-danse.] A dance in COUN'TER-DANCE, ( which the partners are arranged in opposition, or in opposite lines. CON-TRA-DICT', w. t. [L. contradico.] 1. To oppose by words ; to assert the contrary to what has been asserted, or to deny what has been affirmed. 2. To oppose ; to be directly contrary to. CON-TRA-DICT'ED, pp. Opposed in words ; opposed ; de- nied. CON-TRA-DICT'ER, n. One who contradicts or denies ; an opposer. Swift. eON-TRA-DICT'ING,;7^r. Affirming the contrary to what has been asserted ; denying ; opposing. CON-TRA-DIC'TION, n. [L. contradictio.] 1. An asser- tion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed : denial ; contrary declaration. 2. Opposition, whether by words, reproaches or attempts to defeat. 3, Direct oppo- sition or repugnancy ; inconsistency with itself ; incon- gruity or contrariety of things, words, thoughts or propo- sitions, tCON-TRA-DIC'TION-AL, a. Inconsistent. CON-TRA-DIC'TIOUS, a. 1. Filled with contradictions : inconsistent. 2, Inclined to contradict ; disposed to deny ur cavil. 3. Opposite ; inconsistent, CON-TRA-DIC'TIOUS-NESS, 71, 1, Inconsistency ; contra- riety to itself, 2. Disposition to contradict or cavil. CON-TRA-DICT'O-RI-LY, adv. In a contradictory man- ner ; in a manner inconsistent with itself, or opposite to others. CON-TRA-DICT'O-RI-NESS, n. Direct opposition ; con- trariety in assertion or effect. CON-TRA-DICT'O-RY, a. \. Affirming the contrary ; im- plying a denial of what has been asserted. 2 Inconsist • ent ; opposite ; contrary. CON-TRA-DICT'O-RY, ti. A proposition which denies or opposes another in all its terms ; contrariety ; inconsist- ency. CON-TRA-DIS-TINCT , a. Distinguished by opposite qual- ities. CON-TRA-DIS-TINC'TION, n. Distinction by opposite qualities CON-TRA-DIS-TINCT IVE, a. Distinguishing by oppo- sites. Harris. CON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISH,7J. t. To distinguish, not mere- ly by differential, but bv opposite qualities. CON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISHED, pp. Distinguished by op posites. CON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. Distinguishing by opposites. CON-TRA-FIS'SURE, n. In surgery, a fissure or fracture in the cranium, on the side opposite to that which receiv- ed the blow, or at some distance from it. CON-TR A-IN'DI-CANT, n. A symptom that forbids to treat a disorder in the usual way. Burke. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,~€ as K ; 6as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete CON 188 CON €0N-TRA-1N'DI-€ATE, v. t. In medicine, to ihdicate eome method of cure, contrary to that which the general tenor of the disease requiies ; or to forbid that to be done which the main ecope of the malady points out. €ON-TRA-IN-DI-eA'TION, n. An indication, from some peculiar symptom or fact, that forbids the method of cure which the main symptoms or nature of the disease re- quires. €ON'TRA-MURE, n. An out wall. See Countermure. €ON-TRA-NAT'U-RAL, a. Opposite to nature. [L. u.] €ON-TRA-Nl'TEN-CY, 71. Reaction ; resistance to force. t €ON-TRA-PoSE', v. t. [L. contrapositus.] To place against ; to set in opposition. €ON-TRA-PO-Sl"TION, 71. A placing over against ; oppo- site position. eON-TRA-PUNT'IST, 71. One skilled in counterpoint. eON-TRA-REG-U-LAR'I-TY, n. Contrariety to rule, or to regularity. €ON-TRa'RI-ANT, a. [Fr ] Contradictory ; opposite ; in- consistent. [Little 2ised.] €0N'TRA-RIES, n. phi. In logic, propositions which de- stroy each other, but of which the falsehood of one does not establish the truth of the other. €ON-TRA-Rl'E-TY, n. [L. contrarietas.] I. Opposition in fact, essence, quality or principle ; repugnance. 2. In- consistency ; quality or position destructive of its oppo- site. €ON'TRA-RI-LY, adv. In an opposite manner ; in opposi- tion ; on the other side ; in opposite ways. €"ON'TRA-RI-NESS, n. Contrariety ; opposition. eON-TRA'RI-OUS, a. Contrary ; opposite ; repugnant. eON-TRA'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Contrarily ; oppositely. Skak. €ON'TRA-RI-WlSE, adv. On the contrary ; oppositely ; on the other hand. €ON'TRA-RY, a. [L. contrarius.] 1. Opposite ; adverse ; moving against or in an opposite direction. 2. Opposite ; contradictory ; not merely different, but inconsisteirt or repugnant. — This adjective, in many phrases, is to be treated grammatically as an adverb, or as an adjective re- ferring to a sentence or affirmation 5 as, this happened contrary to my expectations. €ON'TRA-RY, ti. 1. A thing that is contrary or of opposite qualities. 2. A proposition contrary to another, or a fact contrary to what is alledged. — On the contrary, in opposi- tion; on the other side. — To the contrary, to an opposite purpose, or fact. t eONiTRA-RY, V. t. [Fr. contrarier.] To contradict or op- pose. €ON'TRA-RY-MlND'ED, a. Of a different mind or opin- ion. Hall. eOiV-TRAST', V. t. [Fr. contraster.] 1. To set in opposi- tion two or more figures of a like kind, with a view to show the difference or dissimilitude. 2. To exhibit dif- ferences or dissimilitude in painting and sculpture, by po- sition or attitude, either of the whole figure or of its mem- bers ; or to show to advantage by opposition or diflference of position. 3. To set in opposition different things or (lualities, to show the superior excellence of one to ad- vantage. CON'TRAST, n. 1. Opposition or dissimilitude of figures, by which one contributes to the visibility or effect of the other. 2. Opposition, or difference of position, attitude, &c., of figures, or of their several members ; as in paint- ing and sculpture. 3. Opposition of things or qualities; or the placing of opposite things in view, to exhibit the superior excellence of one to more advantage. €ON-TRaST'ED, pp. get in opposition ; examined in op- position. €0N-TRAST'ING, ppr. Placing in opposition, with a view to discover the difference of figures or other things, and exhibit the advantage or excellence of one beyond that of the other. CON'TRA-TEN'OR, n. In music, a middle part between the tenor and treble ; counter. eON'TRATE-WHEEL, 71. In loatchworJc, the wheel next to the crown, the teetn and hoop of which lie contrary to those of the other wheels, whence its name. eON-TRA-VAL-LA'TION, n. [Fr. contrevallation.] In fortification, a trench guarded with a parapet, thrown round a place by the besiegers, to secure themselves, and check the sallies of the garrison. €ON-TRA-VeNE', v. t. [L. contravenio.] To oppose ; to tjppose in principle or effect ; to contradict ; to obstruct in operation ; to defeat. CON-TRA-VeN'ED, (kon-tra-veend') pp. Opposed; ob- structed. tJON-TRA-VKN'ER, n. One who opposes. CON-TRA-VeN'ING, ppr. Opposing in principle or effect. eON-TRA-VEN'TION, n. Opposition ; obstruction ; a de- feating of the operation or effect. eON-TRA-VER'SION, n. [L. contra and versio.] A turn- ing to the opposite side ; antistrophe. eON-TRA-YER'VA, n. [Sp.j The genus of plants dorste- €ON-TRE€-Ta'TION, n. [L. contrectatic] A touching oi handling. Ferrand. €ON-TRIB'U-TA-RY, a. Paymg tribute to the same sove- reign ; contributing aid to the same chief or principal. €0N-TRIB'TJTE, v. t. [L. contrihuo.] 1. To give or grant in common with others ; to give to a common stock, or for a common purpose ; to pay a share. 2. To impart a por- tion or share to a common purpose. €ON-TRIB'UTE, v i. To give a part ; to lend a portion of power, aid or influence ; to have a share in any act or effect. €ON-TRIB'TJ-TED, pp. Given or advanced to a common fund, stock or purpose ; paid as a share. €ON-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Giving in common with others to some stock or purpose ; imparting a share. €ON-TRI-Bu'TION, n. 1. The act of giving to a common stock, or in common with others ; the act of lendmg a portion of power or influence to a common purpose ; the payment of each man's share of some common expense. 2. That which is given to a common stock or purpose, either by an individual or by many. — 3. In a military sense, impositions paid by a frontier country, to secure themselves from being plundered by the enemy's army ; or impositions upon a country in the power of an enemy, which are levied under various pretenses. €ON-TRIB'U-TlVE, a. Tending to contribute; contrib- uting ;, having the power or quality of giving a portion of aid or influence ; lending aid to promote, in concurrence with others. €ON-TRIB'U-TOR, n. One who contributes; one who gives or pays money to a common stock or fund. €ON-TRIB'U-TO-RY, a. Contributmg to the same stock or purpose ; promoting the same end ; bringing assistance to some joint design, or increase to some common stock. t €ON-TRIS'TATE, v. t. [L. contristo.] To make sorrow- ful. Bacon. t €ON-TRIS-Ta'TION, n. The act of makmg sad. Bacon * eON'TRlTE, a. [L. contritus.] Literally, worn or bruis- ed. Hence, broken-hearted for sin ; deeply affected with grief and sorrow for having offended God ; humble ; peni- tent. *€ON'TRlTE-LY, a^y. In a contrite manner; with peni- * €ON'TRlTE-NESS, n. Deep sorrow and penitence for sin. €ON-TRl"TION, n. [L.ccntritio.] 1. The act of grmding or rubbing to powder. 2. Penitence ; deep sorrow for sin ; grief of heart for having offended an infinitely holy and benevolent God. €ON-TRlV'A-BLE, a. That may be contrived ; capable of being planned, invented, or devised^ €ON-TRlV'ANCE, n. 1. The act of inventuig, devising, or planning. 2. The thing invented or planned ; a scheme ; plan ; disposition of parts or causes by design. 3. Artifice; plot; scheme. €ON-TRlVE', V. t. [Fr. controuver.'] 1. To invent; to de- vise ; to plan. 2. To wear out ; [0&5.] Spender. CON-TRlVE', v. i. To form or design ; to plan ; to scheme, CON-TRiV'ED, (kon- trivd') pp. Invented ; planned ; de- vised. €ON-TRlVE'MENT, 71. Contrivance; invention. CON-TRlV'ER, n. An inventor ; one who plans or devises ; a schemer. eON-TRIV'ING, ppr. Planning ; forming in design. €ON-TRoL', ) 71. [Fr. controlle.] 1. Primarily, a book, ^€ON-TRoLL', \ register or account, kept to correct or check another account or register; a counter-register. Hence, check, restraint. 2. Power ; authority ; govern- ment ; command. 3. He or that which restrains. Burke. €ON-TRoL , )v.t. 1. To keep under check by a coun- €ON-TRoLL', \ ter-register or double account. 2. To check ; to restrain ; to govern. 3. To overpower ; to sub- ject to authority ; to counteract ; to have under command. 4. To direct or govern in opposition; to have superior force or authority over. €ON-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. That may be controlled, checked or restrained ; subject to command. €ON-TRoLL'ED, (kon-trold') pp. Checked; restrained; governed. €ON-TRoLL'ER, n. FNorm. countre-rouler.] I. One who controls or restrains ; one that has the power or authority to govern or control. 2. An oflicer appointed to keep a counter-register of accounts, or to oversee, control or verify tlie accounts of other officers ; as, in Great Britain, the controller of the hanaper, of the household, of the pipe, and of the pells.— In the United States, the duty of the con- troller of the treasury is to superintend the adjustment and preservation of the public accounts. eON-TRoLL'ER-SHIP, n. The office of a controller. €ON-TRoL'MENT, J 71. 1. The power or act of control! €ON-TRoLL'MENT, \ ing ; the state of being restrained control ; restraint. 2. Opposition ; resistance ; counter action ; refutation. t €ON-TRO-VER'SA-RY, a. Disputatious. Bp. Hall. See Sijnopsis. A E, I, O, IJ, ^, long.— FMi, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ■f Obsolete. CON 189 CON \ eON'TRO-VERSE, n. and v. Controversy, and to dis- pute. t€ON'TRO-VERS-ER, or t€ON'TRO-VERS-OR, n. A disputant. Mountagu €ON-TRO-VER'SIAL, a. Relating to disputes j as, a con- troversial discourse, €ON-TRO-VER'SIAL-IST, n. One who cfirries on a con- troversy ; a disputant. t€ON'TRO-VER'SI-LESS, a. Not admitting controversy; questionless. eON'TRO-VER-SY, n. [L. coniroversia.] 1. Dispute ; de- bate ; agitation of contrary opinions. A dispute is com- monly oral, and a controversy in writing. Johnson. 2. A suit in law ; a case in which opposing parties contend for their respective claims before a tribunal. 3. Dispute; op- position carried on. 4. Opposition : resistance. €ON'TRO-VER-SY-WRlT'ER, n. A controversialist. €ON'TRO-VERT, v. t. [L. controverto.] To dispute ; to oppose by reasoning ; to contend against in words or writ- ings ; to deny, and attempt to disprove or confute ; to agi- tate contrary opinions. €ON'TRO-VERT-ED, pj). Disputed ; opposed in debate. €ON'TRO-VERT-ER, n. One who controverts ; a contro- versial writer. B. Jonson. eON-TRO-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may be disputed ; dis- putable ; not too evident to exclude ditterence of opm- ion. €ON'TRO-VERT-ING, ppr. Disputing ; denying, and at- temoting to refute. eON'TRO-VERT-IST, n. One who controverts ; a dispu- tant ; a man versed or engaged in controversy or disputa- tion. CON-TU-Ma'CIOUS, a. [L. contumax.] 1. Literally, swelling against ; haughty. Hence, obstinate ; perverse ; stubborn ; inflexible ; unyielding ; disobedient.— 2. In law, wilfiilly disobedient to the orders of a court. €0N-TU-Ma'CI0US-LY, adv. Obstinately; stubbornly; perversely ; in disobedience of orders. €ON-TU-Ma'CIOUS-NESS, n. Obstinacy; perverseness ; stubbornness : contumacy. €ON'TU-MA-CY, 71. [L. conttcmacia.] I. Stubbornness ; unyielding obstinacy ; inflexibility. — 2. In law, a wilful contempt and disobedience to any lawful summons or or- der of court. ^€ON-TU-Me'LI-OUS, a. [L.contumeliosus.] 1. Haughti- ly reproachful ; contemptuous ; insolent ; rude and sar- castic. 2. Haughty and contemptuous ; disposed to utter ifcproach, or to insult; insolent; proudly rude. 3. Re- proachful ;_shameful ; ignominious. €ON-TU-Me'LI-OUS-LY, adv. In a contumelious manner ; with pride and contempt ; reproachfully ; rudely ; inso- lently. €ON-TU-Me'LI-OUS-NESS, 71. Reproach ; rudeness ; con- tempt. €0N'TU-ME-LY, n. [L contumelia.] Rudeness or re- proach compounded of haughtiness and contempt ; con- temptuousness ; insolence ; contemptuous language. t €ON-TU'MU-LATE, V. f . [1.. contumulo.] To bury; to lay in the grave. eON-TUND', V. t. [L. contundo.] To beat; to bruise by beating. [Little used.] €ON-TuSE', V. t. [L. contusus.] To beat ; to bruise ; to in- jure the flesh or substance of a living being or other thing without breaking the sliin or substance, sometimes with a breach of the skin or substance. eON-Tu'SION, 71. [L. contusio.] 1. The act of beating and bruising, or the state of being bruised. 2. The act of reducing to powder or fine particles by beating.— 3. In surgei-y, a bruise ; a hurt or injury to the flesJi or some part of the body by a blunt instrument, or by a fall. €0-NUN'DRUM, n. A low jest ; a mean conceit. t€ON'U-SA-BLE, a. Liable to be tried or judged. €ON'U-SANCE, n. [Fr. connoissance.] Cognizance ; knowl- edge ; notice. CON'CJ-SANT, a. Knowing ; having notice of. CON-VA-LES'CENCE, ) n. [L. convalesce] Renewal of €ON-VA-LES'CEN-CY, \ health ; the insensible recovery of health and strength after disease ; the state of a body renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness. eON-VA-LES'CENT, a. Recovering health and strength after sickness or debility. €0N-VAL'-LA-RY,7i. A genus of plants, convallaria. CON-VeN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be convened or assem- bled. _2, Consistent; [obs.] Spenser. CON-YkNW,v. i. [Li. convenio.] 1. To come together ; to meet; to unite, as things; [unusual.] 2. To come to- gether ; to meet in the same place ; to assemble, as per- sons. _ CON-VeNE', v.t. 1. To cause to assemble ; to call togeth- er; to convoke. 2. To summon judicially to meet or appear. €ON-VeN'ED, (kon-veend') pp. Assembled ; convoked. €ON-VeN'ER, n. One who convenes or meets with others ; one who calls together. €0N-VeN'IENCE, In. [L. convenientia.] 1. Fitness, €ON-VeN'IEN-CY, \ suitableness ; propriety ; adaptation of one thing to another, or to circumstances. 2. Commo- diousness ; ease ; freedom from difiiculty. 3. That whicli gives ease ; accommodation ; that which is suited to wants_or necessity. 4. Fitness of time or place. €ON-VeN'IENT, a. Fit ; suitable ; proper ; adapted to use or to wants ; commodious. €ON-VeN'IENT-LY, adv. 1. Fitly ; suitably ; with adapt- ation to the end or eflect. 2. Commodiously ; with ease ; without trouble or difficulty. €ON-VeN'ING, ppr. Coming together ; calling together. €ON-VeN'ING, n. The act of coming together; conven- tion. CON'VENT, n. [L. conventus.] 1. An assembly of per- sons devoted to religion ; a body of monks or nuns. 2. A house for persons devoted to religion ; an abbey ; a mou- astery ; a nunnery. CON-VENT', V. t. [L. conventus.] To call before a judge or judicature. Shak. fCON-VENT', 7J. i. To meet; to concur. * €ON-VENT'I-CLE, n. [L. conventiculum.] 1. An as- sembly or meeting ; usually applied to a meeting of dis- senters from the established church, for religious worship. Hence, an assembly, in contempt. — In the United States, this word has no appropriate application. 2. A secret as- sembly or cabal ; a meeting for plots. * CON-VENT'I-CLE, v. i. To belong to a conventicle. * eON-VENT'I-CLER, n. One who supports or frequents conventicles. Dry den. €ON-VEN'TION, 71. [L. conventix).] 1. The act of coming together; a meeting of several persons or individuals. 2. Union; coalition. 3. An assembly. In this sense the word includes any formal meeting or collection of men for civil or ecclesiastical pui-poses. 4. An agreement or con- tract between two parties, as between the commanders of two annips ; an agreement previous to a definitive treaty. eON-VEN'TION-AL, a. [Fr. conventionnel.] Stipulated ; formed by agreement. €ON-VEN'TI0N-A-RY, a. Acting under contract ; settled by stipulation ; conventional. CON-VEN'TION-ER, 71. One who belongs to a convention. CON-VEN'TION-IST, n. One who makes a contract. €ON-VENT'U-AL, a. [Fr. conventuel.] Belonging to a convent ; monastic. €ON-VENT'U-AL, n. One that lives in a convent ; a monk or nun. Addison. C0N-VER6E', (kon-verj') v. i. [Low L. convergo.] To tend to one point ; tc incline and approach nearer togeth- er, as two lines which continually approach each other ; opposed to diverge. €0N-VER0'ENCE, ) n. The quality of converging ; ten- CON-VERG'EN-CY , \ dency to one point. C0N-VER6'ENT, a. Tending to one point ; approaching each other, as they proceed or are extending. CON-VERG'ING, ppr. Tending to one point ; approaching each other, as lines extended. — Converging rays, in optics, those rays of light, which, proceeding from different points of an object, approach, meet and cross, and become diverging rays. — Converging series, in mathematics, is that in which the magnitude of the several terms gradual- ly diminishes. Encyc. €ON-VERS'A-BLE, a. [It. conversabile ; Fr. conversalU.] Q-ualified for conversation, or rather disposed to converse ; ready or inclined to mutual communication of thoughts ; sociable ; free in discourse. CON-VERS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being free in conversation ; disposition or readiness to converse ; socia bility. eON-VERS'A-BLY, adv. In a conversable manner. * CON'VER-SANT, a. [It. conversante.] 1. Keeping com- pany ; having frequent or customary intercourse ; inti- mately associating ; familiar by fellowship or cohabita- tion ; acquainted. 2. Acquainted by familiar use or study. 3. Concerning ; having concern or relation to ; having for its object. CON-VER-Sa'TION., n. 1. General course of manners ; be- havior; deportment; especially as it respects morals. 2 A keeping company ; familiar intercourse ; intimate fellow- ship or association ; commerce in social life. 3. Intimate and familiar acquaintance. 4. Familiar discourse ; gen- eral intercourse of sentiments ; chat ; unrestrained talk , opposed to a formal conference. t CON-VER-Sa'TIONED, a. Acquainted with the manner of acting in life. CON-VER-Sa'TION-IST, 71. One who distinguishes him- self in conversation. A modern word. eON-VERS'A-TlVE, a. Relating to an intercourse witn men. ^ CON-VER-SA-ZI-o'NE, n. [It.] A meeting of company. Gray. CON-VERSE', (kon-vers') v. i. [L. conversor.] 1. To keep company ; to associate ; to cohabit ; to hold intercourse and be intimately acijuainted. 2. To have sexual * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f-VUL'SION, ?t. [L. coiwulsio.] 1. A preternatural, violent and involuntary contraction of the muscular parts of an animal body. 2. Any violent and irregular motion ; tumult; commotion, €ON-VUL'SIVE, a. 1. That produces convulsion. 2. At- tended with convulsion or spasms. eON-VUL'SIVE-LY, adv. With violent shaking or agita- tion. *€o'NY, or * eo'NEY, n. [D. Jconyn.] A rabbit ; a quad- ruped of the genus lepus, which has a short tail and naked ears. *€o'KT-BUR-IloW, n. A place where rabbits burrow in the earth. *€o'NY-€ATCH, v.i. In the cant of thieves, to cheat ; to bite ; to trick. Shak. t * €o'NY-€ATCH'ER, n. A thief; a cheat ; a sharper. t * €o'NY-€ATCH'ING, n. Banter. Shak eOO, V, i. To cry, or make a low souna, as pigeons or doves. Thomson. COO'ING, ppr. Uttering a low sound, as a dove. €00'ING, n. Invitation, as the note of tlie dove. €OOK, V. t, [Sax. gecocnian ; D. kooken.] 1. To prepare, as victuals for the table, by boiling, roasting, baking, broil- ing, &c. To dress, as meat or vegetables, for eating. 2. To prepare for any purpose. 3. To throw ; [obs. or local.] Grose. COOK, V. i. To make the noise of the cuckoo. COOK, n. [Sax. coc ; D. kok.] One whose occupation is to prepare victuals for the table ; a man or woman who dresses meat or vegetables for eating. COOKED, pp. Prepared for tlie table. COOK'ER-Y, n. The art or the practice of dressing and pre- paring victuals for the table. COOK'ING, ppr. Preparing victuals for the table. C06K'MaID, n. A female servant or maid who dresses provisions. COOK'ROOM, n. A room for cookery ; a kitchen. On ijo'ard of ships, a galley or caboose. COOL, a. [Sax. col.] 1. Moderately cold ; being of a tem- perature between hot and cold. 2. Not ardent or zealous ; not angry ; not fond ; not excited by passion of any kind ; iodifferent. 3. Not hasty ; deliberate ; calm. 4. Not re- taining heat ; light. COOL, 71. A moderate state of cold ; moderate temperature of the air between liot and cold. COOL, V. t. [Sax. coUan, acolian.] 1. To allay heat ; to make cool or cold : to reduce the temperature of a sub- stance. 2. To moderate excitement of temper ; to allay, i),3 passion of any kind ; to calm, as anger ; to abate, as love ; to moderate, as desire, zeal or ardor ; to render in- different. COOL, v. i. 1. To become less hot ; to lose heat. 2. To lose the heat of excitement or passion ; to becoine less ar- dent, angry, zealous, or affectionate ; to become more moderate.. COOL-CUP, n. A beverage that is cooling. COOLED, 2)p. Made less hot, or less ardent. COOL'ER, n. 1. That which cools ; any substance which abates heat or excitement. 2. A vessel in which liquors or other things are cooled. COOIi'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a temper not easily excited ; free from passion. Burke. COOL'ING, ppr. Abating heat or excitement ; making or becoming cool. COOL'ISH, a. Somewhat cool. Goldsmith. COOL'LY, adv. 1. Without heat or sharp cold. 2. In a cool or indifferent manner ; not cordially ; without passion or ardor. 3. Without haste ; calmly ; deliberately. COOL'NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of cold ; a tempera- ture between cold and heat. 2. A moderate degree, or a want of passion ; want of ardor or zeal ; indifference ; want of affection ; as, they paned with coolness. COOM, n. [Fr, camhouis.] Soot that gathers over an oven's mouth ; also, the matter that works out of the naves or boxes of carriage wheels. COOMB, or COMB, n. [qu. L. cumulus.] A ^ty measure of four bushels, or half p. quarter. COOP, n. [D. kuip.] 1. A box of boards, grated or barred on one side, for keeping fowls in conhnement. 2. A pen ; an inclosed place for small animals. 3. A barrel or cask for the preservation of liquors. 4. A tumbrel or close cart. COOP, V. t. To put in a coop ; to confine iji a coop ; to sJuit up or confine in a narrow compass. COOPED, pp. Shut up in a coop ; confined to narrow limits. COOP'ER, n. One whose occupation is to make barreis, hogsheads, butts, tubs and casks of various kinds. COOP'ER-AGE, n. The price paid for cooper's work ; also, a place where cooper's work is done. CO-OP'ER-ANT, a. Working together ; laboring to the same end. Bp. J^icholson. CO-OP'ER-ATE, V. i. [L. con and opero ; Fr. cooperer.] 1. To act or operate jomtly with another or others to the same end ; to work or labor with mutual efforts to pro- mote the same object. 2. To act together ; to concur ni proaucing the same effect. CO-OP'ER-A-TING, ppr. Acting or operating together. CO-OP-ER-A'TION, 71. The act of working, or operating together, to one end ; j oint operation ; concurrent effort or labor. CO-OP'ER-A-TlVE, a. Operating jointly to the same end. €0-0P'ER-A-T01l, 71. One who endeavors jointly with others to promote the same end. COO'PIE. See Coupee. )- CO-OP'TATE, v.t. [L. coopto.] To choose, or choose with another. CO-OP-Ta'TI ON, 7J. Adoption; assumption. Howell. CO-OR'DI-NATE, a. [L, con and ordinatus.] Being of equal order, or of the same rank or degree ; not subordi- nate, CO-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. In the same order or rank ; in equal degree ; without subordination. C0-0R'DI-NATE-NESS,7/. The state of being co-ordinate ; equality of rank and aufhority. CO-OR-DI-Na'TION,?!, The state of holding equal rank, or of standing in the same relation to something higher. COOT, n. [D. kort,] A fowl of the gunasf tUica, frequent- ing lakes and other still waters. COP, n. [Sax. cop, or copp.} The head or top of a thing, a.s in cob-castle for cop-castle, a-castle on a hill ; a tuft on the head of birds. Chancer. CO-PaI'BA, n. [Sp,, Port.] Balsam of copaiba, or capivi, is a liquid, resinous juice, flowing from incisions made in the stem of a tree called copaifera officinalis. Co'PAL, 71. [Mexican, copalli.] The concrete juice of a tree growing in Mexico. CO-PAR'CE-NE-RY, n. Partnership in inheritance ; joint heirship ; joint right of succession, or joint succession to an estate of inheritance, CO-PAR'CE-NER, n. [con and parcener.] A coheir ; one who has an equal portion of the inheritance of his or her ancestor with others. CO-PAR'CE-N Y, n. An equal share of an inheritance. t CO-PART'MENT, n. The same as compartment. CO-PART'NER, n. [con and partner.] 1. One who has a share in a common stock for transacting business, or who is jointly concerned with one or more persons, in carrying on trade or other business ; a partner ; an associate, par- ticularly in trade or manufactures. 2. A sharer ; a par- taker. CO-PART'NER-SHIP, n. 1. Joint concern in business ; a state of having a joint share in a common stock, or a joitit interest and concern in business, particularly in trade ana manufactures. 2. The persons who have a joint concerr). t €Z) PA-TAN, n. High raised ; pointed. Shak. CO-PA Y'VA, n. A gum which distils from a tree in Brazil. COPE, w. [W. cdb ; Sax. cwppc] 1. A cover for the head, 2. A .sacerdotal ornament or vestment worn in sacred ministrations. 3. Any thing spread or extended over tho head ; the arch or concave of the sky ; the roof or cover- ing of a house ; the arch over a door, <&c. 4. An ancient tribute due to the king or lord of the soil, out of the lead mines in some part of Derbyshire. COPE, V. t. I. To cover as with a cope. .Addison. 2 To pare the beak or talons of a hawk. Bailey. 3. To em- brace ; [obs.] Shak. COPE, V. i. [Dan. kiv.] 1. To strive or contend on equal terms, or with equal strength ; to equal in cam bat ; lo match ; to oppose with success. Addison. 2. To conteiiJ ; Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UMTE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; Til as in this, f Obsolete COP 192 COR lo strive or struggle ; to comhat. 3. To encounter ; to in- terchange kindness or sentjiuent's 4. To make return; 10 reward j [obs.] 5. To exchange, or barter; lobs.] Bailey. r €oPE'MAN, n. A chapman Shak. eO-PER'>fI-€AN, a. Pertaining to Copernicus. * eoPES'MATE, n. A companion or friend. eOP'IED, pp. Taken off; written or transcribed from an original or form ; imitated. eOPH-ER, or €OP^-JST, n. One who copies ; one who writes or transcribes from an original or form; a tran- scriber ; an imitator ; also, a plagiary. €oP'INO, 71. The top or cover of a wall, made sloping to carry off the water. €o'Pl OUS, a. [Fr. copienx ; L. copiosus.] 1. Abundant ; plentiful ; in great quantities ; full ; ample ; furnishing full supplies. 2. Furnishing abundant matter; not bar- ren ; rich in supplies. €o'PI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Abundantly ; plentifully ; in large quantities. 2. Largsly ; fully ; amply ; diffusely. €o'PI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Abundance ; plenty ; great quanti- ty ; full supply. 2. Diffusiveness of style or manner of treating a subject. €o'PIST, n. A copier ; an ill-formed word. €OP'LAND, 71. A piece of ground tenninating in a cop, or acute angle. [JVut used in .America.] t€0-PLANT', V. t. I'o plant together. Howel. t eO-PoR'TION, n. Equal share. Spenser. eOP'PED, or eOP'PLED, a. Rising to a point, or head. eOP'PEL. See Cupel. COP'PER, n. [D. koper ; G. Jcupfer ; Sw. koppar.] A metal, of a pale-red color, tinged with yellow. Next to gold, sil- ver and platina, it is the most ductile and malleable of the metals, and it is more elastic than any metal except steel, and the most sonorous of all the metals. COP'PER, a. Consisting of copper. Cleaveland. COP'PER, 71. 1. A vessel made of copper, particularly a large boiler. 2. Formerly, a small copper coin. Franklin. COP'PER, V. t. To cover or sheathe with sheets of copper. eOP'PER-AS, n. [Ft. couperose.] Sulphate of iron, or green vitriol ; a salt of a peculiar astringent taste, and of various colors, green, gray, yellowish, or whitish, but more usu- ally green. COP'PER-BOT'TOMED, a. Having a bottom sheathed with copper. eOP'PERED, pp. Covered with sheets of copper ; sheathed. COP'PER-FAST'ENED, a. Fastened with copper bolts. eOP'PER-ISH, a. Containing copper ; like copper, or par- taking of it. €OP'PER-NOSE, n. A red nose. Shak. eOP'PER-PLATE, 71. A plate of copper, on which concave lines are engraved or corroded, according to some deline- ated figure or design. COPTER-SMITH, n. One whose occupation is to manufac- ture copper utensils. COP'PER- Work, 71. A place where copper is wrought or manufactured. Woodward. COP'PER-WoRM, n. A little worm in ships ; a worm that frets garments ; a worm that breeds in one's hand. COP'PER-Y, a. Mixed with copper ; containing copper, or made of copper; like copper in taste or smell. COPTING. See Coping. COPPICE, or COPSE, n. [Norm, coupii.} A wood of small growth, or consisting of underwood or brushwood ; a wood cut at certain times for fuel. COPTLED, a. Rising to a point ; conical. eOP'PLE-DUST, 7!. Powder used in purifying metals. COP'PLE-STONES, n. Lumps and fragments of stone broke from the adjacent cliffs, rounded liy being bowled and tumbled to and again by the action of water. John- son. — In JVew England, we pronounce this word cobble, cobble-stones, and apply it to small, round stones, from the size of an inch or two, to five or six inches or more, in diameter, wherever they may be found. COPSE. See Coppice. COPSE, V. t. To preserve underwood. Swift. COP'SY, a. Having copses. Dyer. COPTIC, a. Pertaining to the descendants of the ancient Egyptians, called Copts or Cophti. COPTIC, n. The language of the Copts. €OP'U-LA, n. [L.] In logic, the word which unites the subject and predicate of a proposition. COP'LJ-LATE, a. Joined. [Little used.] COP'U-LATE, V. t. [L. copulo.] To unite ; to join in pairs. [Little used.] COP'U-LATE, v.L To unite in sexual embrace. €OP-U-La'TION, n. [L. copulatio.] The act of coupling ; the embrace of the sexes in the act of generation ; coition. eOP'U-LA-TlVE, a. That unites or couples.— In grammar, the copulative conjunction connects two or more subjects or predicates. eOP'U-LA-TIVE, n. 1. A copulative conjunction. 2. Connection ; [not in use.] COP'Y, 71. [Fr copie ; Arm. copy.] 1. A writing like an- other writing ; a transcript from an original , or a book printed according to the original ; hencf , any single book, or set of books, containing a composition resembling the original work. 2. The form of a pictme or statue accord- ing to the original ; the imitation or likeness of any figure draught, or almost any object. 3. An original work ; the autograph ; the archetype ; that which is to be imitated m writing or printing ; a pattern or example for imitation. 4. [L. copia.] Abundance ; [obs.] COP'x , V. t. 1. To write, print or engrave, according to an original ; to form a like work or composition by writing, printing or engraving ; to transcribe. 2. To paint or draw according to an original. 3. To form according to a mod- el, as in architecture. 4. To imitate or attempt to resem- ble ; to follow an original or pattern in manners or course of life. COP'Y, V. i. To imitate or endeavor to be like ; to do any thing in imitation of something else. COP'Y-BOOK, n. A book in which copies are written or printed for learners to imitate. COP'YED, pp. Transcribed ; imitated ; usually written copied. COP'Y-ER, n. One who copies or transcribes ; usually writ- ten copier. COP'Y-HoLD, n. In England, a tenure of estate by copy of court roll ; or a tenure for which the tenant hath noth- ing to show, except the roils made by the steward of the lord's court. Blackstone. COP'Y-HoLD-ER, n. One who is possessed of land in copyhold. COP'Y-IST, n. A copier ; a transcriber. COP'Y-RlGHT, n. The sole right which an author has in his own original literary compositions ; the exclusive right of an author to print, publish and vend his own literaiy works, for his own benefit; the like right in the hands of an assignee. CO-Q.UAL'LIN, n. A small quadruped of the squirrel kind, but incapable of climbing trees. CoOUE'LI-COT, or CoaUE'LI-CO, (koke'le-co) n. [Fr.] Wild poppy ; corn rose ; hence, the color of wild poppy. *CO-GUET', or CO-ClUETTE', (ko-kef, or ko-quet') n. [Fr.] A vain, airy, triiiing girl, who endeavors to attract admiration and advances in love, from a desire to gratify vanity, and then rejects her lover ; a jilt. * CO-Q.'UET', V. t. To attempt to attract notice, admiration or love, from vanity , to entertain with compliments and amorous tattle ; to "treat with an appearance of amorous tenderness. * CO-aUET', V. i. To trifle in love ; to act the lover from vanity ; to endeavor to gain admirers. * CO-QUET'ISH, a. Practicing coquetry. * Co'aUET-RY, 71. [Fr. coquetterie.] Attempts to attract admiration, notice or love, from vanity ; affectation of amorous advances ; trifling in love. ■f COR, 71. The measure of a pottle. COR'A-CLE, n. [W. cwrw^le.] A boat used in Wales by fishermen , made by covering a wicker frame with leather or oil-cloth. €0R'A-COID, n. A small, sharp process of the scapula, shaped like a crow's beak. COR'A-COID, a. Shaped ILke a beak. Buckland. COR'AL, 71. [L. corallium.] 1. In zoology, a genus belong- ing to the order of vermes zoophyta. The trunk is radi- cated, jointed and calcarious. 2. A piece of coral worn by children about their necks. COR'AL, a. Made of coral; resembling coral. COR'AL-TREE, n. A genus of plants, erythrina, of several species, natives of Africa and America. They are all shrubby, flowering plants, adorned chiefly with trifoliate or three-lobed leaves, and scarlet spikes of papilionaceous flowers. COR'AL- WoRT, n. A genus of plants, dentaria. COR-AL-La'CEOUS, a. Like coral, or partaking of its qualities. COR'AL-LI-FORM, a. Resembling coral ; forked and crooked. Kirwan. COR'AL-LINE, a. Consisting of coral; like coral; con- taining coral. COR'AL-LINE, n. A submarine plant-like body, consist- ing of many slender, jointed branches. COR'AL-LIN-iTE, n. A fossil polypier or coralline. COR'AL-LlTE, n. A mineral substance or petrifaction, in the form of coral ; or a fossil polypier, larger than a cor allinite. Kirwan. COR'AL-LOID, or COR-AL-LOID'AL, a. [coral, and tih?.] Having the form of coral ; branching like coral. COR'AL-LOID, 71. Eschara or homwrack, a species of cor- alline. CO-RANT', 71. [Fr. courant.] A lofty, sprightly dance Temple. CORE, 71. [L. corbis.] 1. A basket used in coaleries. 2 An ornament in a building. CORB'AN, n. [L. corbis.] I. In Jewish antiquity, an offer- ing which had life ; an animal offered to God ; in opposi. * See Synopsis. A, E I, O, U, Y, long.—FA^, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete COR 193 COR tion to the minclia^ which was an offering without life. 2. An alms-basket ; a vessel to receive gifts of charity ; a gift ; an alms ; a treasury of the church, where offerings are deposited. — 3. Among Mohammedans^ a ceremony performed at the foot of mount Arafat in Arabia, near Mecca. It consists in killing a number of sheep, and dis- tributing them among the poor. t €ORBE, a. [Fr. courbe.] Crooked. Spenser, eORB'EIL, n. [Fr. corbeille.] 1. In fortification, a little basket, to be filled with earth, and set upon a parapet, to shelter men from the fire of besiegers. eORB'EL, n. 1. In architecture, the representation of a basket, sometimes set on the heads of caryatides. 2. The vase or tambour of the Corinthian column ; so called from Its resemblance to a basket. €ORB'EL, 71. 1. A short piece of timber in a wall, jutting six or eight inches, ip the manner of a shoulder-piece 2. A niche or hollow left in walls for images, figures or statues. t eOR'BY, n A raven. €ORCE'LET, or €ORSE'LET, (kors'let) n. [Fr. corselet.] In natiLral history, that part of winged insects, which an- swers to the breast of other animals. €OR'€ULE, or €011 '€LE, ??. [L. corculum.'] In botany, the heart of the seed, or rudiment of a future plant. €ORD, n. [W. cord; Fr. corde.] 1. A string, or small rope, composed of several strands twisted together. 2. A quan- tity of wood, or other material, originally measured with a cord or line. The cord is a pile containing 128 cubic feet ; or a pile eight feet long, four feet high, and four feet broad. 3. In Scripture, the cords of the wicked are the snares witli which they catch the unwary. €ORi), V. t. I. To bind with a cord or rope ; to fasten with cords. 2. To pile wood or other material for measure- ment and sale by the cord. €ORD'MA-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make ropes ; but, in America, called rope-maker. eORD'WOQD, n. Wood cut and piled for sale by the cord, in distinction from long wood ; properly, wood cut to the length of four feet. €0RD'A6E, n. [Sp. cordage ; Fr. id.'] All sorts of cords or ropes used in the running rigging of a ship ; all ropes and lines used on board of ships. eORD'ATE, I a. [L. cordatus.] Having the form of a eORD'A-TED, ] heart ; heart-sliaped ; a term used by naturalists. €ORD'ATE-LY, adv. In a cordate form. eORD'ED, pp. 1. Bound or fastened with cords. 2. Piled in a form for measurement by the cord. 3. Made of cords ; furnished with cords. — 4. in heraldry, a cross corded is one wound with cords, or made of two pieces of wood. eOR-DE-LlER', n. [Fr.] A Franciscan friar; one of the order of religious founded by St. Francis ; a aray friar. *€ORD'IAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Proceeding from the heart ; hearty ; sincere ; not hypocritical ; warm ; affectionate. 2. Re- viving the spirits ; cheering ; invigorating ; giving strength or spirits * CORD'IAL, n, 1. In medicine, that which suddenly excites the system, and increases the action of the heart or circu- lation when languid ; any medicine which increases strength, raises the spirits, and gives life and cheerfulness to a person when weak and depressed. 2. Any thing that comforts, gladdens and exLUarates. * €ORD-IAL'I-TY, n. Relation to the heart ; [not used.] Brown. 2. Sincerity ; freedom from hypocrisy ; sincere affection and kindness. * €ORD'IAL-LY, adv. Heartily ; sincerely ; without hypoc- risy ; with real affection. * €ORD'IAL-NESS, n. Heartiness. Cotgrave. €ORD'IE-RITE, n. The mineral called otherwise iolite and €0RD'I-f6rM, a. Heart-shaped ; having the form of the human heart. t€ORD'I-NER. SeeCoRDWAiNER. eORD'ON, n. [Ft., Sp. cm-don.] ]. In fortification, a row of stones jutting before the rampart, and the basis of the parapet. — 2. In military language, a line or series of mili- tary posts. €ORD'0-VAN, n. Spanish leather. €OR-DU-ROY', n. A thick cotton stuff ^bbed. €ORD'WAIN, n. [Sp. cordoban ; Port, cordovam ; Fr. cor- douan; from Cordova,] Spanish leather 5 goat-skin tanned and dressed. CORD'WAIN-ER, ?i. [from cor die ain.] A shoemaker. This word was formerly written cor diner. €ORE, n, [Fr. cmur ; Norm, core.] ]. The heart or inner part of a thing ; particularly, the central part of fruit, con- taining the kernels or seeds. It was formerly applied to place ; as, in the core of a square. Raleigh. 2. The inner part of an ulcer or boil. Dryden. 3. [Fr. corps.] A body; [not used.] 4. A disorder of sheep, occasioned by worms in the liver. 60RED. a In the herring fishery, rolled in salt and pre- pared for drying. Ash. €0-Re'6ENT, n A joint regent or raler. Wrazall. €0-REL'A-TlVE. See Correlative. eO-Ri-A'CEOUS, a. ['L. coriaceous.] 1. Consisting of leath- er, or resembling leather ; tough. — 2. In botany, stiff, like leather or parchment. eO-RI-AN'DER, 71. [1j. coriandrum.] A genus of plants of two species. €0-Rm'DON. See Corundum. COR'INTII, 71. 1. A city of Greece. Hence, 2. A small fruit, now called currant, which see. Philips. €0-RINTH'l-A€, a. Pertaining to Corinth. D'Anville. eO-RINTH'I-AN, a. Peitaining to Corinth.— The Corinth- ian order, in architecture, is the most delicate of all the orders, and enriched witli a profusion of ornaments. €0-RLNTH'I-AN, n. An inhabitant of Corinth. €0-Rl'VAL, 71. [con, and rival ; written improperly coiri- val.] A rival , or fellow rival ; a competitor. Shak. €0-Rl'VAL, V. t. To rival; to pretend to equal. Shak CORK, 71. [D. kurk ; G. kork,] 1. A glandiferous tree, a species of quercus, growing in Spain and Portugal, havinr; a thick, rough, fungous, cleft bark. 2. The outer bark of the tree, or epidermis, of which stopples for bottles and casks are made. 3. A stopple for a bottle or cask, cut out of cork. €ORK, V. t. To stop bottles or casks with corks ; to confine or make fast with a cork. CORK, n. A frost nail, or sharp steel point on a horse-shoe CORK, V. t. To form sharp points ; to shoe with points ; to wound with corks or sharp points. Used in Mew Kngland. See Calk. CORK'ING-PIN, 71. A pin of a large size. Swift. CGRK'-SCREW, n. A screw to draw corks fiom bottles. CORK'Y, a. Consisting of cork ; resembling cork ; made of cork; tough. COR'MO-RANT, n. [Fr. cormoran.] 1. The water-raven, a large fowl of the pelican kind. 2. A glutton. CORN, 71, [Sax. corn.] 1. A single seed of certain plants, as wheat, rye, barley and maize ; a grain. In this sense', it has a plural ; as, three barley corns make an inch. 2. The seeds of certain plants in general, in bulk or quan- tity ; as, corn is dear or scarce. In this sense, the word comprehends all the kinds of grain which constitute the food of men and horses. In Great Britain, corn is gen- erally applied to wheat, rye, oats and barley. In the United States, it has the same general sense, but, by cus- tom, it is appropriated to maize. In this sense, corn has no plural. 3. The plants which produce corn, when growing in tlie field ; the stalks and ears, or the stalks, ears and seeds, after reaping and before thrashing. — '1. In surgery, a hard excrescence, or induration of th^ skin, on the toes or some part of the feet, occasioned by the pres- sure of the shoes ; so called from its hardness and resem- blance to a corn. 5. A small, hard particle. See Grain. CORN, V. t. 1. To preserve and season with salt in grains ; to sprinkle with salt. 2. To granulate ; to form into small grains. CORN'BIND, n. Climbing buck-wheat. [Local.] Grose. CORN'BLADE, n. The leaf of the maize. CORN'CHAN-BLER, 71. A dealer in corn. CORN'CLAD, a. Covered with growing corn. Barlow CORN'CRAKE, n. The crake or land-rail ; the corn-crow CORN'-€UT-TER, n. One who cuts corns, or indurations of tlie skin. CORN'FiELD, n. A field where corn is growing. CORN'FLAG, n. A genus of plants, the gladiolus, of sev- eral species, bearing red or white flowers. CORN'FLoOR, 71. A floor for corn, or for thrashing corn CORN'FLOW-ER, n. A flower or plant growuig among corn ; as the blue-bottle, wild poppy, &c. CORN'HEAP, n. A heap of corn Ball. CORN'LAND, 71. Land appropriated or suitable to the pro- duction of corn, or grain. CORN'LOFT, 7i. An apartment for corn ; a granary. CORN-MAR- Y-GoLD, n. A genus of plants, the chrijsan- them7t.n1. tCORN'MSS-TER, n. One who cultivates corn for sale. CORN'ME-TER, 71. One who measures corn. CORN'MILL, n. A mill for grinding corn, more generally called a grvit-7nill. CORN'-PARS-LEY, n. A genus of plants, the swoti. CORN-PIPE, 7t. A pipe made by slitting the joint of a green stalk of com. Johnson. CORN'-RO€K-ET, n. A genus of plants, the b7i7iias. CORN'ROSE, n. A species of poppy, or pajjarcr. CORN'-SAL-LAD, n. A plant, a species of T^aZeriaTia. CORN'STALK, n. A stalk of corn, particularly a stalk of the maize. America. CORN'-Vl-O-LET, n. A species of campanula. CORN'-WAIN, 71. A wagon loaded with corn. Bp. IJorsley C0RN'A6E, n. An ancient tenure of lands, which obliged the tenant to give notice of an invasion by blowing a horn. CORN'E-A, n. [from L. cm-nu.] The transparent membrane in the fore-part of the eye, through which the rays of light pass. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE;— BpLL, UNITE.— € as K; OasJ; SasZi CHaaSHj THasinfAis. 1[Obsolete. 13 COR 194 COli €ORN'EL, eORN'EL-TREE, or COR-NeL'IAN-TREE, 71. [L. cornus.] The cornelian cherry or dog-wood, a ge- nus of plants of several species. €0R-NeL'1 AN. See Carnei>ian. €0RN'B-MUSE, or €ORN'A-MUTE, «. [Fr. cornemuse.] A kind of rustic flute. Drayton. €0RN'E-0US, a. [L. corneus,] Horny ; like horn ; consist- ing of a horny substance, or substance resembling horn ; hard. CORN'ER, n. [W. cornel.] 1. The point where two con- verging lines meet ; properly, the external point ; an an- gle. "2. The interior point where two lines meet ; an angle. 3. The space between two converging lines or walls which meet in a point. 4. An inclosed place, a secret or retired place. 5. Indefinitely, any part ; a part 6. The end, extremity or limit. — Corner-teeth of a horse, the foreteeth between the middling teeth and tlie tushes. eORN'ERED, a. Having corners ; having three or more angles. eORN'ER-STONE, n. The stone which lies at the corner of two walls, and unites them ; the principal stone, and especially the stone which forms the corner of the foun- dation of an edifice. €ORN'ER-WISE, adv. Diagonally; with the corner in front J not parallel. CORN'ET, n. [Fr. cornet^ cornette ] 1 An instrument of music, in the nature of a trumpet, sounded by blowing with the mouth. — 2, In modern usage, an officer of caval- ry, who bears the ensign or colors of a troop. 3. A com- pany of cavalry ; a troop of horse ; [not used.] — 4. The cornet of a horse [coronet] is the lowest part of his pastern, that runs round the coffin. 5. A little cap of paper in which retailers Inclose small wares. 6. A scarf anciently worn by doctors. 7= A head-dress. GORN'ET-CY, ji. The commission or rank of a cornet. eORN'ET-TER, or €ORNET-ER, n. One who blows a cornet. Hakewill. COR'NiCE, n. [It.] I. in architecture, the uppermost member of the entablature of a column, or the highest projecture ; that which crowns an order. 2. A little pro- jecture in joinery or masonry. — Cornice-ring of a cannon is the ring next from, the muzzle-ring backward. eORN'I-€liE, n. [L, corniculum.] A little horn. eOR-Nie'U-LATE, a. 1. Horned ; having horns.— 2. In botany^ producing horned pods ; bearing a little spur or horn, €OR-Nl6'ER-OUS, a. [L. corniger.] Horned 5 haviiQg horns. €ORN'ING-HOUSE, n. A house or place where powder is granulated. €ORN'ISH, a. Pertaining to Cornwall, in England ; and, as a noun, the language of Cornwall. eORN'TST, n. A performer on the cornet or horn. COllN'LESS, a. Destitute of corn. eOR-NU-Co'PI-A, n. [L. cornu and copia.] 1. The horn cf plenty, an emblem of abundance of fruits. — 2. In archi- tecture and sculpture, the figure of a horn, from which fruits and flowers are represented as proceeding. eOR-NuTE', V. t. [Li cornutus.] To bestovi^ horns 5 to cuckold. €OR-NuT'ED, pp. or a. I. Grafted with horns ; horned ; cuckolded. — 2. In botany, horn-shaped. eOR-NO'TO, w. {It.] A man that wears the horns 3 a cuck- old. €OR-Nu'TOR, n. A cuckold-maker. .Jordan. eORN'Y, a. [Ij. cornu.] Horny; strong, stiff" or hard like liorn ; resembling horn. €ORN'Y, a. Producing corn ; containing corn. eOR'O-DY, or COR'RO-DY, n. [It. corredo:] An allowance of meat, drink or clothing, due to the king from an abbey or other religious house. COR'OL, ; n. [L. corolla.] In botany, the inner cover- €0-ROL'LA, \ ing of a flower. eOR-OL-LA'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to a corol ; inclosing and protecting like a wreath. * eOR'OL-LA-RY, n. [L. corollarium.] 1. A conclusion or consequence drawn from premises, or from what is ad- vanced or demonstrated. 2. A surplus. Shale. €OR'OL-LET, in. One of the partial flowers which make €OR'OL-IiULE, \ a compoimd one ; the floret in an aggre- gate_flower. l/'O-Ro'NA, n. [L.] 1. In architecture, a large, flat member of a cornice, crowning the entablature and the whole or- der ; called by workmen the drip. — 2. In anatomy, the tipper surface of the molar teeth, or grinders. — 3. In botany, the circumference or margin of a radiated compound flow- er. — 4. In optics, a halo or luminous circle around the sun, moon or stars. €OR'0-NAL, a. Belonging to the crown or top of the head. €OR'0-NAL, n. 1. A crown ; wreath ; garland. 2. The first suture of the skull. €Oa'0-NA-RY, a. Relating to a crown ; seated on the top of the head ; or placed as a crown. — Coronary vessels, in anatomy, certain vessels which furnish the substance cf the heart with blood. — Coronary arteries, two arteries which spring from the aorta. €0R-0-NA'Ti0N, n. 1. The act or solemnity of crowning a king or emperor ; the act of investing a prince with the insignia of royalty, on his succeeding to the sovereignty. 2. The pomp or assembly attending a coronation.— Coro- natiun-oath, the oath taken by a king at his coronation. fCOR'ONEL, (kur'nel) 71. [Sp. coronel.] The officer who commands a regiment. Spenser. €OR'0-NER, n. [law Lat. coronator.] An officer whose office is concerned principally with pleas of the crown. One chief part of his duty is, when a person is slain or dies suddenly, or in prison, to inquire into the manner of his death. — in some of the states in .dmerica, there is a coroner, but his principal or only duty is to inquire into the causes of untimely death. eOR'O-NET, n. [from corona.] 1. An inferior crown worn by noblemen. — 2. In poetical language, an ornamental head-dress. — Coronet of a horse. See Cornet. eO-RO'-]SII-FORM,a. Having the form of a crown. €OR'0-NOID, a. [Gr. Kopiiovij and eiSog.] Noting the upper and anterior process of the end of the lower jaw, called the coronoid process. Coze. €OR'0-NULE, 11. A coronet or little crown of a seed ; the downy tuft on seeds, €OR'PO-RAL, n. [It. caporale ; Fr. caporal.] 1. The low- est officer of a company of infantry, next below a sergeant. 2. The corporal of a ship of war is an officer under the master at arms, employed to teach the sailors the use of small arms. €OR'PO-RAL, a. [Ij. cor p oralis.] 1. Belongmg or relating to thebody. 2. Material; not spiritual, SeeCoRPOKEAL, Shak. eOR'FO-RAL, ) n. A fine linen cloth, used to cover the COIl'PO-RALE, \ sacred elements in the eucharist, or in which the sacrament is put. Paley. — Corporal oath, a solemn oath, so called from the ancient usage of touching the corporale, or cloth that covered the consecrated ele- ments. Paley. COR-PO-RAL'I-TY, n. The state of being a body or em- bodied ; opposed to spirituality. Raleigh. €OR'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Bodfly ; in or with the body. €OR'PO-RAL-SHIP, n. A corporal's command in a Russian company. €OR'PO-RAS, n. The old name of the corporal, or com- munion cloth. €OR'PO-RATE, a. [L, corporatus.] 1. United in a body, or community, as a number of individuals, who are empow- ered to transact business as an individual ; formed Into a body. 2. United ; general ; collectively one. t €OR'PO-RATE, v. t. To unite. More. eOR'PO-RATErLY, adv. In a corporate capacity. eOR'PO-RATE-NESS, n. The state of a corporate body. COR-PO-Ra'TION, n. A body politic or corporate, formed and authorized by law to act as a single person ; a socie- ty having the capacity of transacting business as an in- dividual. €OR'-PO-Ea-TOR, n.The member of a corporation. t €0R'P0-RA-TURE, n. The state of being embodied More. €OIl-Po'RE-AL, or €OR-Po'RE-OUS, a. Having a body , consisting of a material body ; material ; opposed to spirit- ual, or immaterial. €0R-P6'RE-AL-IST, n. One who denies the existence of spiritual substances. eOR-Po'RE-AL-LY, adv. In body ; in a bodily form or manner. €OR-PO-Re'I-TY, n. The state of having a body, or of being embodied ; materiality, €OR-POR-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of giving body or palpability. t COR-Po'RI-F"?, V. t. To embody ; to form into a body. €OR'PO-SANT, or COR'PU-SANSE, n. [Sp. cuerpo santo.] A name given by seamen to a luminous appearance often beheld, in dark, tempestuous nights, about the decks and rigging of a ship, but particularly at the mast-heads and yard-arms, supposed to be electrical. CORPS, (kore) n. [Fr., from L. corpus.] 1. In military lan- guage, a body of troops ; any division of an army. 2. A body, in contempt, as used by Milton and Drydcn, but probably pronounced in the English manner, as corpse 3. A carcass; a dead body. [See Corpse.] Shak. — 4. In architecture, any part tliat projects beyond a wall, serv- ing as the ground of some decoration. CORPSE, (korps) n. [L, corpus.] The dead body of a human being. CORPS'-DE-GARDE, (kore'de-gard) n. [Fr.] See C,>urt OF Guard. CORTU-LENCE, ) n. [L. corpulentia.] 1. Fleshiness ; ex- €0R'PU-LEN-CY, ) cessive fatness ; a state of being load ed with flesh. 2. Spissitude ; grossness of matter ; [I. u.] COR'PU-LENT, a. Fleshy ; having a great or excessive quantity of fat or flesh, in proportion to the frame Df tho body. * See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—PtN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolete. COR 195 COR eOR'PUS €HRIS'TI. [Body of Christ.] A festival of the church of England, kept on the next Thursday after Trinit3'-Sunday, in honor of the eucharist. eOR'PUS-CLE, (kor'pus-sl) n. [L. corpiisculujn.] A minute particle, or physical atom. €OR-P(JS'€fJ-LAIl, a. Relating to corpuscles, or small par- ticles, supposed to be the constituent materials of all large bodies. The corpuscular philosophy attempts to account for the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest, position, &c., of the minute particles of matter. Encxjc. €UR-PUS-€U-La'RI-AN, a. Corpuscular, as above. €OR-PUS-€U-LA'RI-AJSr, n. An advocate for the corpuscu^- lar philosophy. €OR'RA-€LE. See Coracle. t €OR-RaDE[, v. t. To rub off 5 to scrape together. eOR-RA-DI-A'TION, n. A conjunction of rays in one point. Bacon. COR-RECT', a. [L. correctus.] Literally, set right or made straight. Hence, right ; conformable to truth, rectitude or propriety, or conformable to a just standard ; not faulty 3 free from error. €OR-RE€T', V. t. 1. To make right ; to rectify ; to bring to the standard of truth, justice, or propriety. 2. To amend ; to remove or retrench faults or errors ; to set riglit. 3. To bring back or attempt to bring back to propriety in morals ; to punish for faults or deviations from mora! rectitude ; to chastise ; to discipline. 4. To obviate or remove what- ever is wrong or inconvenient ; to reduce or change the qualities of any thing by mixture, or other application ; to counteract whatever is injurious. eOR-RE€T'ED,;)p. Set right ; freed from en-ors ; amended ; punished. COR-RECT'ING, ppr. Bringing to the standard of truth, justice or propriety ; amending ; chastising. €OR-RE€'TION, n. [L. carrectio.] 1. The act of correct- ing ; the act of bringing back, from error or deviation, to a just standard, as to truth, rectitude, justice or pro- priety. 2. Retrenchmentof faults or errors ; amendment. '3. That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong. 4. That which is intended to rectify, or to cme faults ; punishment ; discipline ; chastisement ; that which cor- rects. — 5. In scriptural lancrua^c, whatever tends to cor- rect the moral conduct, and bring back from error or sin, as afflictions. 6. Critical notice ; animadversion. 7. Abatement of noxious qualities ; the counteraction of what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects. — House of correction, a house where disorderly persons are confined ; a bridewell. €OR-RE€'TION-AL, a. Tending to or intended for cor- rection. Walsh, eOR-REC'TIOX-ER, n. One that has been in the house of correction. Shak. €OR-RE€T'IVE, a. Having the power to correct ; having the quality of removing or obviating what is wrong, or in- jurious ; tending to rectify. eOR-RECT'lVE, n. 1. That whicli has the power of cor- recting ; that which has the quality of altering or obviating what is wrong or injurious. 2. Limitation ; restriction 3 [little used.] €OR-RE€T'LY, adv. In a con-ect manner ; in conformity with truth, justice, rectitude, or propriety ; according to a standard ; exactly; accurately. eOR-RECT'NESS, n. 1. Conformity to truth, justice, or propriety. 2. Conformity to settled usages or rules. ,3. Conformity to a copy or original. 4. Conformity to estab- lished rules of taste or proportion. €OR-RE€T'OR, n. 1. One who corrects ; one who amends faults, retrenches error, and renders conformable to truth or propriety, or to any standard. 2. One who punishes •^or correction ; one who amends or reforms by chastise- ment, reproof or instruction. 3. That which corrects ; tl;iat which abates or removes what is noxious or incon- venient ; an ingredient in a composition which abates or counteracts the force of another. €OR-RE6'I-DOR, n. [Sp.] A Spanish magistrate. €OR-RE-LaTE', v. i. [L. con and relatus.] To have a reciprocal relation, as father and son. eOR 'RE-LATE, n. One who stands in an opposite relation, as father and son. South. €OR-RE-La'TION, n. Reciprocal relation. Paley. €OR-REL'A-TIVE, a. [L. con and relativus.] Having a reciprocal relation, so that the existence of one in a cer- tain state depends on the existence of another; as father and son, husband and wife, are correlative terms. €OR-REL'A-TIVE, n. That which is opposed to somethmg else in a certain relation. The son is the correlative of his father. €OR-REL'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In a correlative relation. €OR-REL'A-TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being correlative. €OR-REP'TION, n. [h. corripio.] Chiding; reproof; rep- rimand. Hammond. eOR-RE-SPOND',z>.i. [It. corrispondere ;Fr correspondre.] 1 . To suit ; to answer ; to agree ; to fit ; to be congruous ; to be adapted to. 2. To be equal ; to be adequate or pro- portioned. 3. To communicate by letters sent and re- ceived ; to hold intercourse with a person at a distance by sending and receiving letters eOR-RE-SPOND'ENCE, )n. 1. Relation ; fitness; congru- eOR-RE-SPOND'EN-CY, \ ity ; mutual adaptation of one thing to another. 2. Intercourse between persons at a distance, by means of letters sent and answers received. 3. The letters which pass between correspondents. 4. Friendly intercourse ; reciprocal exchange of offices or civilities ; connection. COR-RE-SPOND'ENT, a. Suitable; fit; congraous ; agree- able ; answerable ; adapted. €OR-RE-SPOND'ENT, 71. One who corresponds ; one with whom an intercourse is carried on by letters or messages €OR-RE-SPOND'ENT-LY,adw. In a corresponding manner. €OR-RE-SPOND'ING, ppr. 1. Carrying on intercourse by letters. 2. a. Answering ; agreeing ; suiting. €OR-RE-SPON'SIVE, a. Answerable ; adapted. €OR'RI-DoR, n. [Fr. ; Sp. corredor.] I, In architecture, a gallery or long aisle round a building, leading to several chambers at a. distance from each other. — 2. Infortification, the covered way lying round the whole compass of the fortifications of a place. €0R'RI-6I-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be set right, or amended. 2. That may be reformed. 3. Punishable, that may be chastised for correction. eOR-Ri'VAL, n. A fellow rival ; a competitor. More cor- rectly co-rival, which see. t€OR-Rl'VAL, a. Contending. Bp. Fleetwood. t€OR-Rl'VAL, ■?;. i. To vie with. Fitzgeffry. t COR-RI'VAL-SHIP, 71. Opposition ; rivalry. Sir T.Herbert. COR'RI-VATE, V. t. To draw water out of several streama into one. [Little used.] €OR-RI-Va'TION, n. The running of different streams into one. [JVoi much used.] €0R-R0B'0-RANT, a. Strengthening ; having the power or quality of giving strength. €OR-ROB'0-RANT, n. A medicme that strengthens the human body when weak. €OR-ROB'0-RATE, v. t. [L. corrohoro.] 1. To strengthen to make strong, or to give additional strength to. 2. To confirm ; to make more certain. €OR-ROB'0-RA-TED, j)p. Strengthened ; confirmed ; ren- dered more certain. €OR-ROB'0-RA-TING, ppr. Strengthening ; giving firm- ness or additional assurance. €OR-ROB-0-Ra'TION, n. The act of strengthening or confirming ; addition of strength, assurance, or security ; confirmation. COR-ROB'O-RA-TiVE, a. Having the power of giving strength, or additional strength ; tending to confirm. €OR-ROB'0-RA-TiVE, n. A medicine that strengthens ; a corroborant. €OR-RoDE', v. t. [L. corrodo.] 1. To eat away by degrees ; to wear away, or diminish, by gradually separating small particles from a body, in the manner an animal gnaws a substance. 2. To wear away by degrees ; to prey upon ; to impair ; to consume or diminish by slow degrees. €OR-RoD'ED, pp. Eaten away gradually ; worn, diminish- ed, impaired, by slow degrees. €OR-Ro'DENT, a. Having the power of corroding, cr wasting by degrees. €OR-Ro'DENT, n. Any substance or medicine that cor- rodes. Coxe. €OR-Ro'DI-ATE, v. t. To eat away by degrees. Sandys. €0R-R0-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being corrodible. €OR-Ro'DI-BLE, a. That may be corroded. Brown. €OR-RoD'ING, ppr. Eatmg away gradually ; impairing ; wasting. €OR'RO-DY. [SeeCoRODY.] But corrodj^ is the more correct orthography. €OR-Ro'S[-BLE, a. See Corrodible. €0R-R0-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. See Corrodibilitv. €OR-Ro'ST-BLE-NESS, 7). Susceptibility of corrosion. Diet €OR-Ro'SIOA^ n. The action of eating or wearing away by slow degrees, as by the action of acids on metals, by which the substance is gradually changed. €OR-Ro'SIVE, a. 1. Eating ; wearing away ; having tlie power of gradually wearing, consuming or impairing 2. Having the quality of fretting or vexmg.— Corrosive sublimate, the corrosive muriate or perchloride of mercury €OR-RO'SIVE, 7!. 1. That which has the quality of eating or wearing gradually. 2. That which has the power ot fretting. €OR-Ro'SIVE-LY, adv. Like a corrosive ; with the power of corrosion ; in a corrosive manner. €0R-Ro'Srv E-NESS, 71. The quality of corroding, eating away or wearing ; acrimony. €OR'RU-GANT, a. Having the power of contractmg mto wrinkles. . €OR'RU-GATE, v. t. [L. corrugo.] To wrinkle ; to draw or contract into folds. Bacon. * See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK Do VE :— BULL, UNI TE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete . COR 196 COS COR'RU-GATE, a. Wrinkled. Younn-. eOR'RU-GA-TED.p^. Wrinkled. eOR'RU-GA-TJNG, ppr. Contracting into wrinkles. €OR-RU-Ga'TION, 71. A wrinkling ; contraction into wrin- kles. €OR'RU-GA-TOR, n. A muscle which contracts the skin of the forehead into wrinkles. Coze. €OR-Ru'GENT-MUS'CLE, n. A muscle of the eye, called also corrugator siipcrc'dii. Chambers. €OR-RUPT', v.t. [L. corruptus.'] 1. To change from a sound to a putrid or putrescent state ; to separate the com- ponent parts of a body, as by a natural process, whicli is accompanied by a fetid smell. 5. To vitiate or deprave ; to change from good to bad. 3. To waste, spoil, or con- sume. 4. To defile or pollute. 5. To entice from good, and allure to evil. 6. To pervert -, to break, disobey or make void. 7. To pervert or vitiate integrity ; to bribe. 8. To debase or render impure, by alterations or innova- tions. 9. To pervert 3 to falsify ; to infect with errors. €OR-RUPT', V. i. 1. To become putrid 5 to putrefy ; to rot. 9 To become vitiated ; to lose purity €OR-KUPT', a. [1.. corrupUis.] 1. Changed from a sound to i putrid state, as by natural decomposition. 2. Spoil- ed ; tainted ; vitiated ; unsound. 3. Depraved ; vitiated ; tainted with wickedness. 4. debased ; rendered impure ; changed to a v/orse state. 5. Not genuine ; infected with errors or mistakes. €f)R-RUPT'ED, pv. Putrefied ; vitiated ; depraved ; spoil- ed ; marred j bribed ; infected with errors. COR-RUPT'ER, n. 1. One who corrupts ; one who vitiates, or taints. 2. One who bribes ; that wliich depraves or destroys integiity. 3. One who introduces errors. eOR-RUPT-I-CIL'l-TY, n. The possibility of being cor- rupted. eOR-RUPT'I-BLE, a. [Yr. corruptible.] 1. That may be con-upted ; that may become putrid ; subject to decay and destruction. 2. That may be vitiated in qualities or prin- ciples ; susceptible of depravation. COR-RUPT'I-BLE, n. That which may decay and perish ; the human body. 1 Cor. xv. eOR-RUFT'I-BLE-NESS, 7i. Susceptibility of corruption ; corruptibility. fJOR-ROPT'I-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be cor- rupted or vitiated. eOll-RUPT'ING, ppr. Putrefying ; depraving ; vitiating. eOR-RlJP'TION, 7(. [Ij. corruptio.'] 1 . The act of corrupt- ing, or state of being corrupt or putrid ; the destruction of the natural fonn of bodies, by the separation of tlie com- ponent parts, or by disorganization, in the [jrocess of pu- trefaction. 2. Putrid matter; pus. 3. Putrescence; a foul state occasioned by putrefaction. 4, Depravity ; wickedness ; perversion or deterioration of moral princi- ples ; loss of purity or integrity. .5. Debasement ; taint ; or tendency to a worse state, i^. Impurity ; depravation ; debasement. 7. Bribery. — 8. In lam., taint; impurity of blood, in consequence of an act of attainder of treason or felony, by which a person is disabled to inherit lands from an ancestor. €OR-RLlPT'IVE, a. Having the quality of corrupting, taint- ing or vitiating. Ray. €OR-RTJPT'LESS, a. Not susceptible of corruption, or de- cay. DryrUn. €OR-RUPT'LY, adv. 1. In a cormpt manner ; with cor- ruption ; viciously ; wickedly ; without integrity. 2. By bribery. €OR-RUPT'NESS, n. I. The state of being corrupt ; putrid state, or putrescence. 2. A state of moral impurity. 3. A vicious state ; debasement; impurity. eOR-RUPT'RESS, 7i.. A female that corrupts others. eOR'SAIR, n. [Fr. corsaire.] A pirate ; one who cruises or scom-s the ocean, with an armed vessel, without a com- mission from any prince or state, to seize and plunder merchantmen. €0R'SAK,7i. A species of fox. Penvant. €ORSE, n. [Fr. corps; L. corpus.] A corpse; the dead body of a human being ; a poetical isord. Jlddi^on. €ORSE'-EN-€UM'BERED, a Loaded with dead bodies. Barlow. €ORSE'-PRES-ENT, n. A mortuary or present paid at the interment of a dead body. €ORSE'LET, (kors'let)7i. \Fr. corselet.] I. A little cuirass, or an armor to cover the body for protection, worn for- merly by pike-men.. 2. See CoRCELET. €ORSE'LET, (kore'let) v. t. To encircle with a corselet. Beaumont. €ORS'ET, n. [Fr.] A bodice ; jumps ; something worn to give shape to the body ; used by ladies and dandies. eORS'NED, n. [Bax. corsna^de.] The morsel of execration or curse ; a piece of bread consecrated by exorcism, and to be swallowed by a suspected person, as a trial of his innocence. eOR-TEGE', (kor-tazhe') 7', [Fr.] A train of attendants. eORT'ES, 71. plu. [from Sp. corte, court.] The Spanish name of the states of the kingdom, corhposed of nobility, clergy, and representatives of cities ; the assembly of the states, answering, in some measure, to the parliament of Great Britain . €OR'Ti-€AL, a. Belonging to bark; consisting of bark or rind; resembling bark o'- rind ; external; belonging to the external covering. €OR'TI-€ATE, ; a. [L. corticatus.] Resembling the barlw €OR'TI-€A-TED, \ or rind of a tree. Broion. €OR-TI-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cortex and/ero.] Producing bark, or that which resembles it. Diet. €OR-TIC'I-FORM, a. Resembling bark. eORT'tloll' i '^- Barky; full of bark. Diet. €0-RUND'UM, 71. The corindon-harmophane of Haiiy, and the adamantine spar of Kirwan. €0-RUS'€ANT, a. Flashing ; glittering by flashes. eOR'US-€ATE, V. i. [L. corusco.] To flash ; to lighten ; to glitter. Greenhill. €Oa-US-€A'TION, ?i. [L. coruscatic] 1. A flash ; a sud- den burst of light in the clouds or atmosphere. 2. The light produced by tlie combustion of inflammable gas in the earth. — Artificial coruscations are produced by phos- phorus and sulphuric acid, or by sulphuric acid and iron filings. eOR'VET, 71. [Fr. corvette.] A sloop of war; an advice- boat. €OR-VET'TO, n. The curvet. Peacham. €ORV'US, 71. [Ju. corvus.] 1. In flsi7-07io7?t?/, a constellation of the southern hemisphere, containing nine stars. 2. A military engine or gallery used by the Romans for board- ing ships in war. COR-Y-BAN'TI€, a. Madly agitated; inflamed like the Corybantes, the frantic priests of Cybele. €OR'YMB, 71. [L. corymbus.] Primarily, a top, head, or cluster. In inodern botany, a species of inflorescence, €0-RYM'BI-A-TED, a. Garnished with corymbs. €0R-YM-BIF'ER-0US, a. [L. corymbifer.] Producing cor- ymbs ; bearing flowers, fruit, or berries in clusters. €0-RYM'BOUS, a. Consisting of corymbs ; in clusters. eO-RYM'BU-LOUS, a. Having or consisting of little cor- ymbs. €OR'Y-PHENE, n. A fish with a sloping, truncated Jiead, and the dorsal fin extending the whole length of the back. €0R-Y-PHe'US, 7z. [Gr.] The chief of a chorus ; the chief of a company. South. €OS-CI-NOM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. kogklvov and [xavTEia.] The art or practice of divination by means of a sieve. €0-Se'€ANT, n. In (reometry, the secant of an arc which is the complement of another to ninety degrees. €6S'EN. See Cozen. teo'SIER, 7?. {Fx.cousu.] Ahotcher. Shak. t €0-SIG-NIF'I-eA-TiVE, a. Having the same significa- tion. €OS'IN-AgE, 11. [Fr. cousinage] In law, writ to recover possession of an estate in lalnds, when a stranger has en- tered and abated, after the death of the tresaJJ, or the grandfather's grandfather, or other collateral relation. €o'-SlNE, 71. In geom.etry, the sine of an arc which is the complement of another to ninety degrees. €OS-MET'J€, a. [Gr. /coo-juj^rf/co^.] Beautifying ; improving beauty, particulariy the beauty of the skin. COS-MJbT'I€, 71. Any preparation that renders the skin soft, pure and white, and helps to beautify and improve the complexion. €0S'MI-€AL, a. [Gr. kouixikos.] 1. Relating to the world, or to the whole system of visible bodies, including the earth and stars. — 2. In astronomy, rising or setting with the sun ; not acronical. COS'MI-GAL-LY, adv. With the sun at rising or setting : a star is said to rise or set cosmically, when it rises or sets with the sun. €OS-MOG'0-NIST, n. One who treats of the origin or form- ation of the universe. €OS-MOG'0-NY, 71. [Gr. KouyMyovia.] The generation j origin or creation of the world- or universe. In physics, the science of the origin or formation of the universe. €0S-M0G'RA-PHE-3 , n. One who describes the worid or universe, including the heavens and the earth. €0f?-M0-GRAPH'ie, ) a. Relating to the general de- €0S-M0-GRAPH'T-€AL, \ scription of the universe. €0S-]M:0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner relating to tlie science of describing the universe, or corresponding to cosmography. €0?-M0G'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Koo-^foypa^ta.] A description of the world or universe ; or the art which teaches tlie construction of the whole system of worlds, or the figure, disposition and relation of ail its parts, and the manner ot representing them on a plane. €OS'MO-LABE, n. [Gr. Koafiog, woild-, and ^ajxliavui, to take.] An ancient instrument for measuring distances in the heavens or on earth, much the same as the astrolabe, and called also pantacosm. * See Synopsis. A, E, x, O, U, Y, /o7in^.— -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD t Obsolete COT 197 cou UOS-MOL'A-TO-RY, n. [Gr. /co.] 1, In botany, the perishable lobe ox placenta of the seeds of plants. — 2. jn anatomy, a little glandular body adhering to the chorion of some animals. 3. A genus of plants, navel-wort, or kidnev-wort, of several species. COT-Y-LED'O-NOUS, a. Pertaining to cotyledons ; having a seed-lobe. COUCH, V. i. [Fr. couche.] 1. To lie down, as on a bed or place of repose. 2. To lie down on the knees 3 to stoop and recline on the knees, as a beasti 3. To lie down in secret or in ambush 5 to lie close and concealed. 4. To lie ; to lie in a bed or stratum. 5. To stoop 3 to bend the body or back 5 to lower in reverence, or to bend under labor, pain, or a burden. COUCH, V. t. 1. To lay down 5 to Tepose on a bed or place of rest. 2. To lay down ; to spread on a bed or floor. 3. To lay close, or in a stratum. 4. To hide ; to lay close, or in another body. 5. To include secretly ; to hide 3 or to express in obscure terms, that imply what is to be un- derstood. 6. To involve 3 to include; to comprise; to comprehend or express. 7. To lie close. 8. To fix a spear in the rest, in the posture of attack. 9. To depress the condensed crystaiine humor or film that overspreads the pupil of the eye. To remove a cataract. COUCH, 71. 1. A bed ; a place for rest or sleep. 2. A seat of repose ; a place for rest and ease, on which it is com mon to lie down undressed. 3. A layer or stratum. — 4. In painting, a lay or impression of color, in oil or water, covering the canvas, wall, or other matter to be painted. 5. Any lay, or impression, used to make a tiling finn or consistent, or to screen it from the weather. 6. A cover- ing of gold or silver leaf, laid on any substance to be gild- ed or silvered. COUCH'ANT, a. [Fr.] Lying down ; squatting,— In her- aldry, lying down with the head raised, which distin- guishes the posture of couchant from that of dormant, or sleeping ; applied to a lion or other beast. COUCHED, pp. Laid down 3 laid on 3 hid; included or ^Sce Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as Ln this, t Obsolete. cou 198 cou Involved ; laid close ; fixed in the rest, as a spear ; de- pressed or removed, as a cataract. €0UCH'EE, n. [Fr ] Bedtime ; late visiting at night. Dryden. €OUCH'ER, n. 1. One w^ho couches cataracts.— 2. In old English statutes, a factor ; a resident in a country for traffick. 3. A book in which a religious house register their acts. eOUCH'-FEL-LoW, n. A bed-fellow ; a companion in lodging. €OUCH'-GRASS, 7i. A species of grass, very injm-ious to other plants. COUCH'liNG, ppr. Lying down ; laying down ; -ymg close ; involving; including; expressing; depressing a cataract. eOUCH'ING, 11. The act of stooping or bowing. eOUGH, (kauf) n. [qu. D. kuch.] A violent effort of the lungs to throw off offending matter ; a violent, sometimes involuntary, and sonorous expiration, suddenly expeUing the air through tlie glottis. €OUGH, V. i. To have the lungs convulsed ; to make a vi- olent effort with noise, to expel the air from the lungs, and evacuate any offending matter that irritates the parts or renders respiration difficult. eOUGH, V. t. To expel from the lungs by a convulsive ef- '■'^n with noise ; to expectorate. eOcJGH'ER, n. One that coughs. eOUGH'ING, ppr. Expellmg from the lungs by a violent effort with noise ; expectorating. eOU'HAGE, n. A kind of kidney-beans GOULD, (kood) [The past tense of ca?;, according to our customary arrangement in grammar ; but, in reality, a dis- tinct word, can having no past tense. Could, we receive through the Celtic dialects, W. galhi. Corn, gaily. Arm. gallout, to be able.] Had sufficient physical or moral power or capacity. CoUL'TER. See Colter. COUN'CIL, ??. [Fr. concile ; Sp. concilio.] 1. An assembly of men summoned or convened for consultation, delibera- tion, and advice. 2. A body of men specially designated to advise a chief magistrate in the administration of the government, as in Great Britain. — 3. In some of the Amer- icanstates, a branch of the legislature, corresponding with the senate in other states, and called legislative coimcil. JyTew Jersey. 4. An assembly of prelates and doctors, convened for regulating matters of doctrine and discipline in the church. 5. Act of deliberation ; consultation of a council. — Common council of a city generally is the body of representatives of the citizens. — Ecujnenical council, in church history, a general council or assembly of prelates and doctors, representing the whole church. — Privy coun- cil, a select council for advising a king in the administra- tion of the government. — Aidic council. See Aulic. €OUN'CIL-BoARD, n. Council-table ; the table round which a council holds consultation. Hence, the council itself in deliberation or session. €0UN'C1L-0R, n. The member of a council. SeeCouN- SELOB. €OUN'CIL-Ta-BLE, n. Council-board, eO-UN-DER-STAND'ING, n, Mutual understanding. How- ell. t CO-U-NTTE ,v.t.To unite. More. eOUN'SEL, n. [Fr. conseil.] 1. Advice ; opinion, or in- struction, given upon request or otherwise, for directing the judgment or conduct of another ; opinion given upon deliberation or consultation . 2. Consultation ; interchange of opinions. 3. Deliberation ; examination of conse- (luences. 4. Prudence ; deliberate opinion or judgment, or the faculty or habit of judging with caution. — 5. In a bad sense, evil advice or designs ; art ; machination. 6. Secrecy ; the secrets intrusted in consultation ; secret opinions or purposes.— 7. In a Scriptural sense, purpose ; design ; will ; decree. 8. Directions of God's word. 9. The will of God or his truth and doctiines concerning the way of salvation. 10. Those who give counsel in law ; any counselor or advocate, or any number of counselors, barristers or sergeants. eOUN'SEL, V. t. [L. consilior.] 1. To give advice or de- liberate opinion to another for the government of his con- duct ; to advise. 2. To exhort, warn, admonish, or in- struct. 3. To advise or recommend ; [not much v^ed.] Dryden. eOTJN'SEL-KEEP'ER, n. One who can keep a secret. Shak. eOUN'SEL-KEEP'ING, a. Keeping secrets. €OUN SEL-A-BLE, a. Willing to receive counsel ; dis- posed to follow the advice or opinions of others COUN'SELED, pp. Advised ; instructed ; admonished. €OUN'SEL-ING, ppr. Advising ; instructing ; admonish- ing. €OUN'SEL-OR, v. 1. Any person who gives advice , but properly, one who is authorized by natural relationship, or by birth, office or profession, to advise another in te- gard to his future conduct and measures. 2. A mem- ber of a council ; one appointed to advise a king or chief magistrate. 3. One who is consulted by a client in a law case ; one who gives advice in relation to a question Oi law ; one whose profession is to give advice in law, and manage causes for clients. — Privy counselor, a member ol a privy council. €OUN'SEL-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a counselor, or privy counselor. COUNT, w. i. [Fv. conter.] 1. To number ; to tell or name one by one, or by small numbers, for ascertaining the whole number of units in a collection 2. To reckon ; to preserve a reckoning ; to compute. 3. To reckon ; to place to an account ; to ascribe or impute^; to consider or esteem as belonging. 4. To esteem ; to account ; to reckon ; to think, judge or consider. 5. To impute ; to charge. COUNT, V. i. To coiint on or upon, to reckon upon ; to found an account or scheme on ; to rely on. €OUNT, 71. [Yx.conteanAcomptc.'] 1. Reckoning; the act of numbering. 2. Number. — 3. In law, a particular charge in an indictment, or narration in pleading, settuig forth the cause of complaint. COUNT, n. [Fr. comte.\ A title of nobility, on the conti> nent of Europe, equivalent to the English earl, and whose domain is a county. An earl : the alderman of a sliire. COUNT'-WHEEL, n. The wheel in a clock which moves round and causes it to strike. COUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be numbered. Spenser. COUNT'ED, pp. Numbered ; told ; esteemed ; reckoned ; imputed. COUN'TE-NANCE, Ti. [Fr. contenance.] 1. Literally, the contents of a body ; the outline and extent which consti- tutes the whole figure or external appearance. Appropri- ately, the human face ; the whole form of the face, or system of features ; visage. 2. Air ; look ; aspect ; ap- pearance of the face. 3. The face or look of a beast. 4. Favor ; good will ; kindness. 5. Support ; aid ; patron- age ; encouragement ; favor in promoting and maintain- ing a person or cause. 6. Show ; resemblance ; superfi- cial appearance. — 7. In law, credit or estimation. — To keep the countenance, is to preserve a calm, composed, or natural look, unruffled by passion. — In countenai)/:e, in fa- vor ; in estimation. — To keep in countenance, to give assur- ance or courage to ; to support ; to aid by favor. — To put in countenance, to give assurance ; to encourage ; or to bring into favor ; to support. — Out of countenance, confounded abashed ; with the countenance cast down ; not bold or assured. — To put out of counteAance, to cause the counte- nance to fall ; to abash ; to intimidate ; to disconcert. COUN'TE-'NANCE, v. t. I. To favor ; to encourage by opinion or words. 2. To aid ; to support ; to encomage ; to abet ; to vindicate by any means. 3. To encourage ; to appear in defense. 4. To make a show of. 5. To keep an appearance. COUN'TE-NANCED,^;). Favored ; encouraged ; supported. COUN'TE-NAN-CER, n. One who countenances, favors oi supports. COUK'TE-NAN-CING, ppr. Favoring ; encouraging ; sup- porting. COUNT'ER, 92. 1. A false piece of money or stamped metal, used as means of reckoning ; any thing used to keep an account or reckoning, as in games. 2. Money, in contempt. 3. A table or board on which money is counted ; a table on which goods in a shop are laid for ex- amination by purchasers. 4. The name of certain prisons in London. 5. One that counts or reckons ; also, an au- ditor. 6. Encounter ; [not used.] — 7. In ships, an arch or vault, whose upper part is terminated by the bottom of the stern. — Counter of a horse, that part of a horse's fore- hand which hes between the shoulder and under the neck. " COUN'TER, adv. [Fr. contre ; L. contra.] 1. Contrary ; in opposition ; in an opposite direction ; used chiefly with run or go ; as, to run counter to the rules of virtue. 2. The wrong way ; contrary to the right course. 3. Con- trariwise ; in a contrary manner. 4. The face, or at the face ; [not used.] Sandys. This word is prefixed to many otbers, chiefly verbs and nouns, expressing opposition. COUN-TER-ACT', v. t. To act in opposition to ; to hinder, defeat or frustrate by contrary agency. €OUN-TER-ACT'ED, pp. Hindered ; frustrated ; defeated by contrary agency. €OLTN-TER-ACT'ING, ppr. Hindering ; frustrating. €OUN-TER-AC'TION, n. Action in opposition ; hin- derance. COUN'TER-AT-TRAC'TION, n. Opposite attraction. €OUN-TER-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To weigh against ; to weigh against with an equal weight ; to act against with equal power or effect ; to countervail. €OUN-TER-BAL'ANCE, ?i. Equal weight, power or agen- cy acting in onposition to any thing. €OUN-TER-RAL'ANCED, pp. Opposed by equal weight, power or effect. COUN-TER-BAL'AN-CING, ppr. Opposing by equal weight, power, or operation. * See Synopsis a, E I, O, U, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ■ t Obsolete. cou J99 COU eOL'N'TER-BOND, n A bond to save harmless one who has given bond for another. eOUM-TER-BUFF', v. t. To strike back or in an opposite direction ; to drive back ; to stop by a blow or impulse in front. €OUN'TER-BUFF, n. A blow in an opposite direction ; a stroke that stops motion, or causes a recoil. €OUN-TER-BUFF'ED, (koun-ter-buff) pp. Struck with a blow in opposition. eOUN'TER-eAST, n. Delusive contrivance 5 contrary cast. €OUN'TER-€AST-ER, n. A caster of accounts ; a reckon- er ; a book-keeper, in contempt. €OUN'TER-CHaNGE, n. Exchange ; reciprocation. €0[JN-TER-CHaNGE', v. t. To give and receive ; or to cause to change places. eOUN-TER-CHANG'ED, (koun-ter-chanjd') pp. Exchang- ed. — In heraldry, intermixed, as the colors of the field and charge. eOUN'f ER-CHARM, n. That which has the power of dissolving or opposing the effect of a charm. €0(JN-TER-CHaRM/, v. t. To destroy the effect of encJiant- nieiit. €OUN-TER-CHE€K', v. t. To oppose or stop by some ob- stacle ; to cheek. €OUN'TER-CHE€K, n. Check 5 stop; rebuke; or a cen- sure to check a reprover. €OUN-TER-€UR'RENT, a. Running in an opposite direc- tion. Kirioan. €OUN'TER-€UR-RENT, n. A current in an opposite di- rection. €OUN-TER-DIS-TINe'TION, n. Contradistinction. COUN-TER-DRAW, v. t. In painting, to copy a design or painting, by means of a fine linen cloth, an oiied })aper, or other transparent matter, whrreon the strokes appearing thiough, they are traced with a pencil. euUN-TER-DRAW'ING, ppr. Copying by means of lines drawn on some transparent matter. eOUN-TER-DRAWN', pp. Copied from lines drawn on something else'.' €OUN'TEK-EV'l-DENCE, n. Opposite evidence ] evi- dence or testimony which opposes other evidence. eOUN-TER-FAI'SANCE. See Counterfesance. eOUN'TER-FElT, (koun'ter-fit) v. t. [Fr. contrefaire, con- trefait.] 1. To forge ; to copy or imitate, without author- ity or right, and with a view to deceive or defraud, by passing the copy or thihg forged for that which is original or genuine. 2. To imitate ; to copy ; to make or put on a eOUN'TER FEiT, v. i. To feign ; to dissemble ; to carry on a fiction or deception. Shak. eOUN'TER-FElT, a. 1. Forged ; fictitious ; false ; fabri- cated without right ; made in imitation of something else, with a view to defraud, by passing tlie false copy for genuine or original. 2. Assuming the appearance of something 3 false ; hypocritical. S. Having the resem- blance of"; false ; not genuine. eOUN'TER-FElT, n. 1. A cheat; a deceitful person; one who pretends to be what he is not ; one who personates another; an impostor. — 2. In law, one who obtains money or goods by counterfeit letters or false tokens. 3. That which is made in imitation of something, but without lawful authority, and with a view to defraud, by pass- ing the false for the true. €OUN'TER-FEiT-ED, pp. 1. Forged ; made in imitation of something, with a view to defraud ; copied ; imitated ; feigned. €OLTN'TER-FElT-ER, 71. 1. One who counterfeits ; a forger. 2. One who copies or imitates ; one who assumes a false appearance. 3. One who endeavours to set off a thing in false colors. €OUN'TER-FElT-LY, adv. By forgery ; falsely ; fictitious- ly- t €OUN'TER-FEIT-NESS, n. The state of being counter- feit. €OUN-TER-FER'MENT, n. Ferment opposed to ferment. Addison. t COUN-TER-Fe'SANCE, n. [Fr. contrefaisance.] The act of forging ; forgery. COUNTER-FOIL, or COUN'TER-STOCK, n. That part of a tally struck in the exchequer, which is kept by an officer in that court, the other being delivered to the per- son who has lent the king mon«y on the account, and is called the stock. eOUN'TER-FoRT, n. A buttress, spur or pillar serving to support a wall or terrace subject to bulge. €OUN'TER-GA6E, n. In carpentry, a method used to measure the joints, by transferring the breadth of a mor- tise to the place where the tenon is to be, in order to make them fit each other. eOUN'TER-GUARD, n. In fortification, a small rampart or work raised before the point of a bastion, consisting of two long faces parallel to the faces of the bastion, making a salient angle, to preserve the bastion. eoUN'TER-IN'FLU-ENCE, v. t. To hinder by opposing influence. [Little used.] COUN-TER-LI-BRa'TION. See Libratiok COUN'TER-LiGHT, n. A light opposite to any thing. which makes it appear to disadvantage. €00N-TER-M;\ND', v. t. [Fr. contreiaander.] 1. To re- voke a former command, or to give an order contrary to one before given, which annuls a former command, and forbids its execution. 2. To oppose ; to contradict the or- ders of another. 3. To prohibit; [little used.] Harvey. COUN'TER-MaND, n. A contrary order; revocation of a former order or command. Shak. COUN-TER-MAND'ED, pp. Revoked ; annulled, as an or- der. COUN-TER-MAND'ING, ppr. Revoking a former order giving directions contrary to a former command. COUN-TER-MaRCH', v. i. To marcJi back. COUN'TER-MaRCH, n. 1. A marching back ; a returning 2. A change of the wings or face of a battalion, so as to bring the right to tlie left, or the front into the rear. Cyc. 3. A change of measures ; alteration of conduct. COUJV'TER-MaRK, n. 1. A second or third mark put on a bale of goods belonging to several merchants, that it may not be opened, but in the presence of all the owners. 2. The mark of the Goldsmith's Company, to show the metal to be standard, added to that of the artificer. 3. An arti- ficial cavity made in the teeth of horses, that liave out- grown their natural mark, to disguise their age. 4. A mark added to a medal, a long time after it has been struck, by which its several changes of value may be known. COUiN-TER-MARK', v. t. To mark the corner teeth of a horse by an artificial cavitv, to disguise his age. COU^'TER-MlNE, n. 1. in military affairs, a well and gallery sunk in the earth, and running under ground, in search of the enemy's mine, or till it meets it, to defeat its effect. 2. Means of opposition or counteraction. 3. A stratagem or project to fi-ustrate any contrivance. €OUN-TER-MiJNE', v. t. 1. To sink a well and gallery in the earth, in search of an enemy's mine, to frustrate" his designs. 2. To counterwork ; to frustrate by secret and opposite measures. COUJM'TER-Mo'TION, n. An opposite motion; a motion counteracting another. COUN'TER-MOVE'MENT, n. A movement in opposition to another. COUN'TER-MURE, n. [Fr. contremur.] A wall raised behind another, to supply its place when a breach is made. COUN'TER-MURE, v. t. To fortify with a wall behind an other. €OUN'TER-NAT'TT-RAL, a. Contrary to nature. COUN'TER-NE-GO-TI-A'TION, n. Negotiation in oiposi- tion to other negotiation. COUN'TER-NOiSE, 71. A noise or sound by which anotner noise or sound is overpowered. COUN'TER-O'PEN-ING, n. An aperture or vent on the op- posite side, or in a different place. €OUN'TER-PACE, n. A step or measure in opposition to another ; con_trary measure or attempt. COUN'TER-PaLED, a. In heraldry, is when the escutch- eon is divided into twelve pales parted perfesse, the two colors being counterchanged, so that the upper and lower are of different colors. €OUN'TER-PANE, n. 1. A particular kind of coverlet for a bed. See Counterpoint. 2. One part of an inden- ture ; [obs.] €OUN'TER-PART, n. 1. The correspondent part; the part that answers to another, as the two papers of a con- tract or indentures ; a copy ; a duplicate. Also, the part which fits another, as the key of a cipher. Jlddison. — S,. In music, the part to be applied to another. COUN-TER-PAS'SANT, a. In heraldry, is when two lions in a coat of arms are represented as going contrary ways €OUN'TER-PE-Ti 'TION, n. A petition in opposition to another. Clarendon. €OUN'TER-PE-TI"TION, v. i. To petition against another petition. COUN'TER-PLeA, n. In law a replication to a plea, or request. Cowel. COUN-TER-PLOT', v. t. To oppose one plot to another; to attempt to frustrate stratagem by stratagem. COUN'TER-PLOT, n. A plot or artifice opposed to another, COUN'TER-PLOT-TING, n. A plotting in opposition to a stratagem. COUN'TER-POINT, n. [Fr. contrepointe.] 1. A coverlet - a cover for a bed, stit-ched or woven in squares ; written, corruptly, counterpane. — 2. In music, counterpoint is when the musical characters, by which the notes in each part are signified, are placed in such a manner, each with re- spect to each, as to show how th« parts answer one to an- other. 3. An opposite point. COUN'TER-POISE,?;. t. [Fr. <;ow«re;?eser.] 1 To counter- balance ; to weigh against with equal weight ; to be equi- * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— ByLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; fS as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete. cou 200 COU ponderantto ; to equal in weight. 2. To act against with equal power or efl'ect ; to balance. eOUN'TER-POISE, v. [Fr. contrepoids.] 1. Equal weiglit acting in opposition to something ; equiponderance ; a weiglit suificient to balance another in tlie opposite scale ; equal balance. 2. Equal power or force acting in opposi- tion ; a force sufficient to balance another force ; equipol- lencc. — 3. Inlhe manege, a position of the rider in which Jiis body is duly btilanced in his seat, not inclined more to one side than the other. eOUNiTERWoiSEi), pp. Balanced by an equivalent oppos- ing weight, or by equal power. eOLINTERiPOIS-IJNG, ppr. Balancing by equal weight in llie opposite scale, or by equal power. €OUN'T£R-P01-SON, 7t. One poison that destroys the ef- fect of another ; an antidote ; a medicine that obviates the effects of poison. euCN-TER-PilA€'TICE, v. Practice in opposition to an- other. ecjaiVTER-PRESS'URE, n. Opposing pressure ; a force or pressure that acts in a contrary direction. €OUN'TER-PROJ-EeT, n. A project, scheme or proposal of one party, given in opposition to another, before given by the other party. eolliN'TER-PRGOE, n. In rollmg-press printing, a print taken oft' from anotlier fresh printed, which, by being passed through tlie press, gives the figure of the former, but inverted. et)UN'TEll-FROVE, v. t. To take off a design in black lead or red chalk, by passing it through a rolling-press with an- other piece of paper, both behig moistened with a spunge. eOUN'TER-REV-O-Lu'TlON, n. A revolution opposed to a former one, and restoring a former state of things. euUN'TER-REV-O-Ltj'TION-A-ilY, a. Pertaining to a counter-revolution. €OUJM'TER-REV-0-Lti'TION-IST, n. One engaged irl or befriending a_counter-re volution. €OUN'TER-RoLL, n. 1. In law, a counterpart or copy of the rolls, relating to appeals, inquests, &c. 2. As a verb, this word is contracted into control, which see. €OUN-TER-ROL'MENT, n. A counter account. €OUN'TER-Sa'LI-ANT, a. [Fr. contre and saillir.] In heraldry, is when two beasts are borne in a coat leaping from each other. eOUN'TER-S€ARF, n. The same with counterscarp. €0UN'TER-S€ARP, 7)1. {Fr. contrescarpe.] In fortification, the exf^rior talus or slope of the ditch, or the talus that supports the earth of the covered way 5 but it often signi- fies the whole covered way, with its parapet; and glacis. eOUN'TER-S€UF-FLE, n. Opposite scuffle; contest. eOUNiTER-SEAL, v. t. To seal with another. eOUN'TER-SE-euRE', v. t. To secure one who has given security. €OUN'TER-SE-€u'RI-TY, n. Security given to one who lias entered into l)onds or become security for another. €OUN'TER-SENSE, n. Opposite meaning. Howell. eOUN'TER-SlGN, 21. t. Literally, to sign on the opposite side of an instrument or writing ; hence, to sign, as sec- retary or other subordinate officer, a writing signed by a principal or superior, to attest the authenticity of the writ- ing. €OUiV'TER-STGN, n. A private signal, word or phrase, given to soldiers on guard, with orders to let no man pass unless he first names that sign ; a military watch- word. €OUN'TER-SIG-NAL, n. A signal to answer or corre- spond to anotlier ; a naval term. €OUN'TER-SIG'NA-TURE, n. The name of a secretary, or other subordinate officer, countersigned to a writing. €OUN'TEF.-SiGNED, pp. Signed by a secretary or other subordinate officer. eOUN'TER-SiGN-ING, ypr. Attesting by the signature of a subordinate officer. COUN'TER-SNARL, n. Snarl in defense or opposition. €OUN-TER-STAT'UTE, n. A contrary statute, or ordi- nance. eOUN'TER-STROKE, n. A contrary stroke ; a stroke re- turned. €OUN-TER-SuRE'TY, n. A counterbond, or a surety to secure one that has given security €OUN'TER-SWAY, n. Contrary sway 3 opposite influ- ence. eOUN'TER-TAL-LY, n. A tally corresponding to another. €OUN'TER-TASTE, n. Opposite or false taste. €OUN-TER-TEN'OR, or €OUN'TER, n. In music, one of the middle paits, between the tenor and the treble ; high tenor. €OUN'TER-TtDE, n. Contrary tide. eOQN'TER-TIME, n. 1. In tJie manege, the defense or re- sistance of a horse that interrupts his cadence and the measure of his manege, occasioned by a bad horseman or the bad temper of the horse. 2. Resistance ; opposition. eOUN'TER-TURN, n. The hejglit of a play, which puts an end to expectation. COUN-TER-VaIL', v. t. To act against with equal force oj power ; to equal ; to act with equivalent effect against any thing ; to balance ; to compensate. COUN'TER-VAIL, n. Equal weight or strength ; power or value sufficient to obviate any effect 3 equal weight or vtilue ; compensation 3 requital. €OUN-TER-VaIL'ED, (koun-ter-vald') pp. Acted against with equal force or power 5 balanced ; compensated. €OUN-TER-VaIL'ING,p^?-. Opposing with equal strength Qi value 3 balancing ; obviating an effect. €0UN'TER-VIEW, (koun'ter-vu) n. 1. An opposite or op- posing view ; opposition 3 a posture in which two persons front each other. 2. ContrEist 3 a position in which two dissimilar things illustrate each other by opposition. €0UN'TER-V0TE, V t. To vote in opposition 3 to outvote. Scott. COUN'TEE-WEIGH, v. t. To weigh against , to counter • balance. Jischam. COUN'TER-WIIEEL, v. t. To cause to wheel in an oppo- site direction. €OUN'TER-WIND, n. Contrary wind. €OUN-TER.-"WoRK', v. t. To work in opposition to; to counteract ; to hinder any effect by contrary operations. COUN-TER-WROIJGHT', (koun-ter-rauf) pp. Counteract- ed 3 opposed by contrary action. COUNT'ESS, n. [Fr. comtcsse.] The consort of an earl or count. COUNT'ING-HOUSE, ) n. The house or room appropriated COUNT'ING-ROOM, \ by merchants, traders, and man- ufacturers to the business of keeping their books, accounts, letters and pajiers. COUNT'LESS, a. That cannot be counted 3 not having the number ascertained, nor ascertainable 3 innumera- ble. CoUN'TRY, (kun'try) n. [Fr. coritre'e.] 1. Properly, the land lying about or neai a city ; the territory situated in the vicinity of a city. 2. The whole territory of a king- dom or state, as opposed to city. 3. Any tract of land, or inhabited land 3 any region, as distinguished from other regions 5 a kingdom, state or less district. 4. The king- dom, state or tenitory in which one is born ; the land of nativity 3 or the particular district, indefinitely, in which one is born, 5. The region in which one resides. 6 Land, a? opposed to water ; or inhabited territory. 7 The inhabitants of a region. &. A place of residence 3 a. region of permanent habitation. — 9. In law, a jury or ju- rors 3 as, trial by tlie country. eoUN'TRY, a. I. Pertaimng to the country or territory at a distance from a city ; rural 3 rustic. 2. Pertaining or peculiar to one's own country. 3. Rude ; ignorant - - Country^dance, an en-oneous orthography. See Contra- DANCE. €6UN'TRY-MAN, n. 1. One born in the same country with another. 2. One who dwells in the country, as op- posed to a citizen 3 a rustic ; a farmer or husbandman 3 a man of plain, unpolished manners. 3. An inhabitant or native of a region. eoUN'TY, 71. [Fr. coTTit^.] 1. Originally, an eaxldom ; the district or territory of a count or earl. Now, a circuit or particular portion of a state or kingdom, separated from the rest of the territory, for certain purposes in the adminis- tration of justice. It is called also a s/t7rc. [See Shire.] 2. A count 3 an earl or lord 3 [obs.] Shale. — County Co'ait, the court whose jurisdiction is limited to a county, whose powers, in j3me/-ica, depend on statutes. — County palatine, in England, is a county distinguished by particular privi- leges.— Com7i^7/ corporate is a county invested witli par- ticular privileges by charter or royal grant 3 as London, York, Bristol, &c. COUN'TY, a. Pertaimng to a county3 as, county court. COUP-DE-MAIN, (koo-de-mane') n. [Fr.] A military ex- pression, denoting an instantaneous, unexpected, gener- ally desperate attack. COUP-D'OEIL, (koo-daJe') n. [Fr.] The first view of any thing 5 a slight view of it. CoU-PEE', 71. [Fr. co?/^e7-.] A motion in dancing, wlien one leg is a little bent and suspended from the grouhd, and with the other a motion is made forward COUP'ING-GLASS. See Cup?ing-glass. CoUP'LA-BLE, a. Fit to be coupled with. Cotgrave. CoUP'LE, (kup'pl) n. [Fr. couple.] 1. Two of the same species or kind, and near in place, or considered together 2. Two things of any kind connected or linked together 3. A male and a female connected by marriage, betrothed or jtllied. 4. That which links or connects two things together 3 a chain. CoUP'LE, V. t. [Fr. coupler.] 1. To link, chain or connect one thing with another ; to sew or fasten together. 2. To marry 3 to wed 3 to unite, as husband and wife. CoUP'LE, 7). i. To embrace, as the sexes. Dryden. CoUP'LE-BEG'GAR, n. One that makes it his business to marry beggars to each other. Swift. CoUP'LED, pp. United, as two things 3 linked; married. COUP'LE-MENT, n. Ifnion. Spenser. * See Sipwpsis. a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR. FALL. WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD • t Obsolete. cou 201 COU €6UP'LET, (kup'plet) n, [Ft.] 1. Two verses ; a pair of rliymes. 2. A division of a hymn or ode in wliich an equal number or equal measure of verset is found In each part, called a strophe. 3. A pair ; [not used.] Shak. eoUP'LING, ppr. Uniting in couples ; fastening or connect- ing togetlier ; embracing. €6UP'LING, n. 1. That which couples or connects. 2. The act of coupling. €6UR AGE, (liur'rage) n. [Fr., Sp. corage ; It. coraggio.] Bravery ; intrepidity ; that quality of mind which ena- bles men to encounter danger and difficulties with firm- ness, or without fear or depression of spirits j valor 5 bold- ness ; resolution. eoUR'AGE, V. t. To encourage. Huloct. €6UE,-A'6EOUS, a. Brave ; bold ; daring ; intrepid ; hardy to encounter ditficulties and dangers ; adventurous : en- terprising. €6UE,-A'6E0US-LY, adv. With courage 5 bravely ; bold- ly ; stoutly. €oUR-A'GEOUS-NESS, n. Courage j boldness; bravery; intrepidity ; spirit ; valor. GOu-RaNT', )n. \¥i. courante.] 1. A piece of music in OoU-RaN'TO, \ triple time ; also, a kind of dance, con- sisting of a time, a step, a balance and a coupee. 2. The title of a newspaper. COU-RAP', n. A distemper in the East Indies ; a kind of herpes or itch in the armpits, groin, breast and face. t €oURB, V. i. [Fr. courber.] To bend. 4 t eoURB, a. Crooked. eOUR'BA-RIL, n. Gum anime, which flows from the hij- mejy^a, a tree of South America; used for varnishing. ^CGU'RIkR, 71. [Fr. courier.] A messenger sent express, for conveying letters or dispatches on public business. Course, 7i. [Ft. course.] l. in its general sense, a pass- ing ; a moving, or motion forward, m a direct or curving line ; applicable to any body or substance, solid or fluid. — .Applied to animals, a running, or walking; a race; a career ; a passing, or passage. — Applied t6 Jluids, a flow- ing, as in a stream in any direction. — Applied to solid bad- ies, it signifies motion or passing. — Applied to navigation, it signifies a passing or motion on water, or in balloons in air ; a voyage. 2. The direction of motion ; line of ad- vancing ; point of compass, in which motion is directed. — In technical languao-e, the angle contained between the nearest meridian and llTat point of compass on which a ship sails in any direction. 3. Ground on which a race is run. 4. A passing or process ; the progress of any thing. 5. Order of proceeding or of passing from an an- cestor to an heir. G. Order ; turn ; class ; succession of one to another in office or duty. 7. Stated and orderly method of proceeding ; usual manner. 8. Series of suc- cessive and methodical procedure ; a train of acts, or ap- plications. 9. A methodical series, applied to the arts or sciences ; a systemized order of principles in arts or sci- ences, for illustration or instruction. 10. Manner of pro- ceeding ; way of life or conduct ; deportment ; series of actions. 11. Line of conduct ; manner of proceeding. 12. JNfatural bent ; propensity ; uncontrolled will. 13. Tilt ; act of running in the lists. 14. Orderly structure ; system. 15. Any regular series. — In architectivre, a con- tinued range of stones, level or of the same lieight, throughout the whole length of the buildmg, and not in- terrupted by any aperture. A laying of bricks, &c. 16. Tlie dishes set on table at one time ; service of meat. 17. Regularity ; order ; regular succession. 18. Empty form. — 0/ course, by consequence ; in regular or natural or- der ; in the common manner of proceeding ; without spe- cial direction or provision. CoURS'ES, n. plu. 1. In a ship, the principal sails, as the main-sail, fore-sail, and mizzen ; sometimes the name is given to the stay-sails on the lower masts; also to tlie inain-stay-sails of all brigs and schooners. 2. Catanie- nia ; menstrual flux. Course, v. t. l. To hunt ; to pursue ; to chase. 2. To cause to nm ; to force to move with speed. 3. To run through or over. CoUP>.SE, V. i. To run ; to move with speed ; to run or move about ; as, the blood courses. CoURSED, pp. Hunted ; chased ; pursued ; caused to run. CoUIlS'ER, 71. 1. A swift horse ; a runner ; a war horse ; a icord used chiefly in poetry. Dryden. 2. One who hunts ; one who pursues the sport of coursing hares. 3. A disputant ; [not in iLse.] CoURS'EY, n. Part of the hatches in a galley. CoURS'ING, ppr. Hunting; chasing; running; flowing; compelling to run. CoURS'ING, 71. The act or sport of chasing and hunting liares, foxes or deer. er)URT, 71. [Sax. citrt ; Fr. cour ; It., Sp. corte.] 1. Aplacein front of a house, inclosed by a wall or fence ; in popular lan- guage, acouxt-yard. 2. A space inclosed by houses, broader than a street ; or a space forming a kind of recess from a public street. 3. A palace ; the place of residence of a king or sovereign prince. 4. The hall, chamber or place where justice is administered. 5. Persons who compose the retinue or council of a king or emperor. 6. The per- sons or judges assembled for heraing and deciding causes, civil, criminal, military, naval or ecclesiastical. 7. Any jurisdiction, civil, military or ecclesiastical. 8. The art of pleasing ; the art of insinuation ; civility ; flattery ; ad- dress to gain favor. — 9. In Scripture, an inclosed part of the entrance hito a palace or house. The tabernacle had one court ; the temple, three. 10. In the United States, a legislature consisting of two houses ; as the General Court of JMassachusetts. 11. A session of the legislature. Court, v. t. l. in a general sense, to flatter ; to endeavor to please by civilities and address. 2. To woo ; to s^jlicit for marriage. 3. To attempt to gain by address ; to so- licit ; to seek. Court, v. l. To act the courtier; to imitate the mannti-s of the court. CoURT'-BAR'ON, 71. A baron's court; a court incident to a manor. CoURT'-BRED, a. Bred at court. Churchill. CoURT'-BREED-ING, n. Education at a court. Milton. CoURT'-BUB-BLE, n. The trifle of a court. Beaumont. CoURT'-CARD. See Coat-card. CoURT'-CHAP-LAIN, n. A chaplain to a king or prince. CoURT'-CUP'BoARD, n. The sideboard of ancient days. CoURT'-DAY, 71. A day in which a court sits to adminis- ter justice. CoURT'-DRESS, n. A dress suitable for an appearance at court or levee. CoURT'-DRESS-ER, n. A flatterer. LocJie. C6URT'-P ASH-ION, n. The fashion of a court. CoURT'-fA-VOR, 71. A favor or benefit bestowed by a court or prince. L'Esr>-ange. CoURT'-HAND, n. Tlie hand or manner of writing used in records and judicial proceedings. Shak. Court -HOUSE, n. a house in which established courts are held, or a house appropriated to courts and public meetings. America. CoURT'-LA-DY, n. A lady who attends or is conversant hi court. CoURT -LEET, 77. A court of record held once a year, in a particular hundred, lordship or manor, before the stew- ard of the leet. CoURT'-MAR'iTAL, n. A court consisting of military or naval officers, for the trial of oflenses of a military char- acter. CoURT'ED,p2). Flattered; wooed; solicited in marriage ; souiiht. *CoURT-E-OUS,(kurt'e-us) a. [Fr. co^irtois.] 1. Polite; wellbred ; being of elegant manners ; civil ; obliging ; condescending ; applied to persons. 2. Polite ; civil ; graceful; elegant; complaisant: applied to mayiners, &cc. *CoURT-E-OUS-LY,arfi'. In a courteous manner ; with obliging civility and condescension ; coniplaibantly. *C0URT-E OUS.NESS,?i. Civility of manners ; obliging condescension ; complaisance. CoURT'ER, 7!. One who courts ; one who solicits in mar- riage. Sherwood. CoURT'E-SAN, (kur'te-zan) 71. [Fr. courtisane.] A prosti- tute ; a woman who prostitutes herself for hire, especial- Iv to men of rank. COURT-E-SY, (kurt'e-s_y) 71. [Fr. courtaisie.] ]. Ele- gance or politeness of manners ; especially politeness connected with kindness ; civility ; complaisance. 2, An act of civility or respect ; an act of kindness or favor performed with politeness. 3. A favor ; as, to hold upon courtesy. — Tenure by cozirtesy, or curtesy, is where a man marries a woman seized of an estate of inheritance, and has by her issue born alive, which was capable of inher- iting her estate ; in this case, on the death of his wife, he holds the lands for his life, as tenant by courtesy. COURT' E-SY, (kurtsy) n. The act of civility, respect or reverence performed by a woman. CoURT'E-SY, (kurt'sy) v. i. To perform an act of civility, respect or reverence, as a woman. fCoURT'E-SY, V. t. To treat with civility. CoURT'IER, (korte'yur) u. 1. A man who attends or fre- quents the courts of princes. Dryden. 2. One who courts or solicits the favor of anotlier ; one who flatters to please ; one who possesses the art of gaining favor by ad dress and complaisance. t CoURT'IER- Y, n. The manners of a courtier. CoUR'TENE. See Curtain. CcURTTNG, j?/)?-. Flattering; attempting to gain by ad dress ; wooing ; solicithig in marriage. CoURT'LiKE, a. Polite ; elegant. Camden. CoURT'LI-NESS, n. Elegance of manners ;-^ace of mien; civility ; complaisance with dignity. CoURT'LING, 77. A courtier ; a retainer to a court. CoURT'LY, a. Relating to a court ; elegant ; polite with dignity ; flattering. Pope. CoURT'LY, adv. In the manner of courts ; elegantly ; in a flattering manner CoURT'SHIP, n. 1. The act of soliciting favor. 2. The See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B^JLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete oov 202 COW act of wooing in love ; selicitation of a woman to mar- riage. 3. Civility ; elegance of manners ; [obs.] fJOUS'LN, (kuz'zn) n. [br.causin.] 1. Ln a. general sense, one collaterally related more remotely than a bro[;her or sister. 2. Appropriately, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt ; the children of brothers and sisters being usually denominateo cousitis or cousin-germans. In the second generation, they are called second cousins. 3. A title given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the council. t €6US IN, (kuz'zn) a. Allied. Chaucer. €OUTH. See Uncouth. €5U-TEAU', (koo-to) n. [Fr., a knife.] A hanger. COVE, n. [Sax. cof, cofe.] A small inlet, creek or bay ; a recess in the sea shore, where vessels and boats may sometimes be sheltered from the winds and waves. COVE, V. t. To arch over. Sicinbume. t€oVE'J\A-BLE, a.JOldFr.] Fit ; suitable. WicJdife. CoV'E-NANT, 7(. [Fr. convenant.] 1. A mutual consent or agreement of two or more persons, to do or to forbear some act or thing ; a contract ; stipulation. 2. A writing containing tlie terms of agreement or contract between parties, or the clause of agreement in a deed containing tlie covenant. — 3. In church affairs, a solemn agreement between the members of a church, that they will walk together according to the precepts of the gospel, in broth- erly affection. CoV'E-NAiMT, V. i. To enter into a f jfmal agreement ; to stipulate ; to bind one's self by contract. C6V' E-I\ ANT, V. t. To grant or pcomise by covenant. C6V'E-NANT-ED, pp. Pledged or promised by covenant. CoV-E-NANT-EE', n. The person to whom a covenant is made. C6VIE-NANT-ER, n. He who makes a covenant. eoV'E-NANT-ING, ppr. Making a covenant ; stipulating. CO'VEN-OUS, or €o'VIN-OUS, a. Collusive ; fraudulent ; deceitful. Bacon. CO VENT, «. [0\A Yx. covent, for convent. Covent Garden is supposed to mean a garden that belonged to a convent.] A convent or monastery. Bale. Cover, v. t. [Fr. couvrir.'] 1. To overspread the surface of a thing with another substance ; to lay or set over. 2. To hide ; to conceal by something overspread. 3. To con- ceal by some intervening object. 4. To clothe. 5. To overwhelm. 6. To conceal from notice or punishment. 7. To conceal ; to refrain from disclosing or confessing. 8. To pardon or remit. 9. To vail. 10. To wrap, infold or envelop. 11. To shelter; to protect; to defend. 12. To brood ; to incubate. 13. To copulate with a female. 14. To equal, or be of equtd extent ; to be equivalent to. 15. To disguise ; to conceal hypocritically. 16. To in- clude, embrace or comprehend. CoV^'Ell, n. 1. Any thing which is laid, set or spread over anotlier thing. 2. Any thing which vails or conceals ; a screen ; disguise ; superficial appearance. 3. Shelter ; defense : protection. 4. Concealment and protection. 5. Shelter ; retreat. 6. A plate laid at dinner. t eoV'Efl-CHlEF, n. A covering for the head. Chaucer. CoV'ER-CLE, 71. [Fr.] A small cover ; a lid. Covered, pp. Spread over ; hid ; concealed ; clothed ; vailed ; having a hat on ; wrapped ; inclosed ; sheltered ; protected ; disguised. C6V'ER-ER, n. That which covers. CoV'ER-ING, jipr. Spreading over ; laying over ; conceal- ing; vailing; clothing; wrapping; inclosing ; protect- ing ; disguising. CoVER-ING, 71^ 1. That which covers ; any thing spread or laid over another, whether for security or concealment. 2. A cover ; a lid. 3. Clothing ; raiment ; garments ; dress. CoVER-LET, 7(. [cover, and Fr. lit.'] The cover of a bed ; a piece of furniture designed to be spread over all the other covering of a bed. CoV'ER-SHAME, n. Something used to conceal infamy. CoVER-SLUT, 71. An appearance to hide sluttishness. Burke. €6V'ER,T, a. [Fr. couvert.'] 1. Covered; hid; private ; secret ; concealed. 2. Disguised : insidious. 3. Shelter- ed ; not o})en or exposed. Pope. 4. Under cover, author- ity or protection ; as, s feme-covert, a married woman. eoV'ERT, 7t. 1. A covering, or covering place ; a place which covers and shelters ; a shelter ; a defense. 2. A thicket ; a shady place, or a hiding place. C6V'ERT-LY, adu. Secretly.; closely; in private; insidi- ously. C6VERT-NESS, n. Secrecy ; privacy. CoV'ER-TURE, n. 1. Covering ; shelter ; defense.— 2. In law, the state of a married woman, who is considered as under cover, or the power of her husband, and therefore called d. feme-covert, or fem.mc-couvcrt. CoV'ERT-WAY, n. In fortification, a space of ground level with the field, on the edge of the ditch, three or four fathoms broad, ranging quite round the half moons or other works, towards the country. COVET, V. t. [Fr. convoiter.] 1. To desire or wish for with eagerness ; to desire earnestly to obtain or possess ; in a good sense. 2. To desire iiwrdinately ; to desire that which it is unlawful to obtain or possess ; in a bad sense. CoV'ET, V. i. To have an earnest desire. 1 Tim. vi. CoV'ET-A-BLE, a. That may be coveted. C6VET-ED, pp. Earnestly desired ; greatly wished or longed for. C6VET-1NG, ppr. Earnestly desiring or wishing for ; de- siring inordinately to obtain or possess. C6VET-ING, 72. Inordinate desire. Shak. C6VET-ING-LY, adv. Eagerly. B. Jonson t C6VET-ISE, n. Avarice. Spenser. * Co VET-OUS, a. [Fr. convoiteux.] 1. Very desirous , eager to obtain ; m a good sense ; as, covetous of wisdom. Taylor. 2. Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to obtain and possess ; directed to money or goods, avari- cious. * Co VET-OUS-LY, adv. With a strong or inordinate de- sire to obtain and possess ; eagerly ; avariciously. * Co VET-OUS-NESS, n. 1. A strong or inordinate desire of obtaining and possessing some supposed good ; usually , in a bad sense. 2. Strong desire ; eagerness. Shak. C6VEY, 71. {Yx. couvee.'] 1. A brood or hatch of birds ; an old fowl with her brood of yoiing. Hence, a small flock or number of fowls together. 2. A company ; a set. CoV'IN, 7(. In laiD, a collusive or deceitful agreement be- tween two or more to prejudice a third person. Co'VING, 71. In building, a term denoting an arch or arched projecture, as when liouses are built so as to project over the ground-plot. €oV'IN-OUS, a. Deceitful ; collusive ; fraudulent. COW, 7i.,-pht. Cows;oWj>Zm. KiNE. [Sax. cm; D. Zcoe.] The female of the bovine genus of animals; a quadruped with cloven hoofs, whose milk furnishes an abundance of food and profit to the farmer. — Sea-cow, the manatus, a species of the trichechus. COW, V. t. To depress with fear ; to sink the spirits or courage ; to oppress with habitual timidity. €OVv'''-BaNE, 71. A name of the oethusa cynapium. CO WHAGE, / n. A leguminous plant of the genus dolichos, eOW'-ITCH, ] a native of warm climates, COWHERD, 71. One whose occupation is to tend cows. COW'-HOUSE, n. A house or buUding in which cows are kept or stabled. Mortimer. COW'-KEEP-ER, n. One whose business is to keep cows. COW-LEECH, 7t. One who professes to heal the diseases of cows. COW'-LEECH-ING, n. The act or art of healing tiie dis- tempers of cows. Mortimer. COW-LICK, n. A tuft of hair that appears as if licked by a cow. COW'-PARS-NEP, n. A plant of the genus heracleum. ■eOW'-PEN, 71. A pen for cows. COW'-POX, n. The vaccine disease. COW-aUAKES, 71. Quaking grass, the briza, a genus of plants. COWSLIP, ) n. A plant of the genus primula, or prim- COW'S-LIP, \ rose, of several varieties. COW'S'-LUNG-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus verbas- cum. CO'\V-WEED, n. A plant of the genus chcerophyllum, oj chervil. COW- WHEAT, n. A plant of the genus mclampyrum. COWARD, 7/. [Fr, couard.] 1. A person who wants cour- age to meet danger ; a poltroon ; a timid or pusillanimous man. — 2. In heraldry, a term given to a lion borne in the escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs. COWARD, ft. 1. Destitute of courage ; timid ; base. 2. Proceeding from or expressive of fear, or timidity. Shak^ t COWARD, V. t. To make timorous or cowardly. COWARD-ICE, n. [Fr. couardise.] Want of courage to face danger ; timidity ; pusillanimitv ; fear cf exposing one'3 person to danger. t COW'ARD-iZE, tj. i. To render cowardly. Scott. COWARD-LIKE, a. Resembling a coward ; mean. CO'W'ARD-LI-NESS, n. Want of courage ; timidity ; cow- ardice. COWARD-LY, a. 1. Wanting courage to face danger j timid ; timorous ; fearful ; pusillanimous. 2. Mean ; base : befitting a coward. 3. Proceeding from fear of danger. COWARD-LY, adv In the manner of a coward ; meanly ; basely, tCOW'ARD-OUS, a. Cowardly. Barret. t COWARD-SHIP, 71. Cowardice. Shak. COWER, V. i. [W. cwrian.'] To sink by bending the knees ; to crouch ; to squat ; to stoop or sink downwards. t COWER, V. t. To cherish with care. Spenser. COW'ISH, a. Timorous ; fearful ; cowardly. [Little used.'] COWL, n. [Sax. cugle, cugele.] 1. A monk's hood or habit. 2. A vessel to be carried on a pole betwixt two persons, for the conveyance of water. Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, "S?, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete. CRA 203 CRA eOWL'-STAFF, n. A staff or pole on which a vessel is supported between two persons. eOWLED, a. Wearing a cowl ; hooded ; in shape of a cowl. eOW'LIKE, a. Resembling a cow. Pope. €0-W6RK'ER, n. One that works with another ; a co-op- erator. €OW'RY, 71. A small shell, the cyprcsa moneta. €OX'€oMB, 71. [cock^s comb.] 1. The top of the head. 2. The comb resembling that of a cock, which licensed fools wore formerly in their caps. 3. A fop; a vain, showy fellow ; a superficial pretender to knowledge or accomplishments. 4. A kind of red flower; a name given to a species of celosia, and some other pkints. t €OX'€oMB-LY, a. Like a coxcomb. Beaumont. COX'CoMB-RY, n. Foppishness, Lady W. Montague. €OX-COM'I-€AL, a. Foppish ; vain ; conceited ; a low word. €0Y, a. [Fr. coi, or coy."] Modest ; silent ; reserved ; not accessible ; shy ; not easily condescending to familiar- ity. €0Y, V. i. 1. To behave with reserve ; to be silent or dis- tant ; to refrain from speech or free intercourse. 2. To make difficulty ; to be backward or unwilling ; not free- ly to condescend. 3. To smooth or stroke. t eOY, for decoy, to allure. Shak. eOY'ISH, a. Somewliat coy, or reserved. €OY'LY, adv. With reserve ; with disinclination to famil- iarity. eOY'NESS, n. Reserve; unwillingness to become famil- iar ; disposition to avoid free intercourse, by silence or retirement. €OYS'TREL, n. A species of degenerate hawk. edZ. A contraction of cousin. Shak. CoZ'EN, (kuz'n) v. t. [qu. Arm. cougzyein, couchicin, con- cheza.] 1. To cheat ; to defraud. 2. To deceive ; to be- guile. €6Z'EN-A6E, n. Cheat ; trick ; fraud ; deceit ; artifice ; the practice of cheating. Dry'den. €6Z'ENED, pp. Cheated ; defrauded ; beguiled. €6Z'EN-ER, n. One who cheats, or defrauds. CoZ'EN-ING, ^pr. Cheating; defrauding; beguiling. eO'ZIER. See Cosier. CRAB, 71. [Sax. crabba.] 1. A crustaceous fish, the cray- fish, cancer, a genus containing numerous species. 2. A wild apple, or the tree producing it ; so named from its rough taste. 3. A peevish, morose person. 4. A wooden engine witn three claws for launching ships and heaving them into the dock. 5. A pillar used sometimes for the .same purpose as a capstan. 6. Cancer, a sign in the zo- diac. — Crab-lice, small insects that stick fast to the skin. CRAB, a. Sour ; rough ; austere. CRAB-AP-PLE, n. A wild apple. CilAB'-GRASS, n. A genus of plants, the digitaria. CRAB'-TREE, n. The tree that bears crabs. Shak. CRAB'-YAWS, 71. The name of a disease in the West In- dies. CRAB'BED, a. 1. Rough ; harsh ; austere ; sour ; peevish ; morose ; cynical ; applied to the temper. Shak. 2. Rough ; harsh ; applied to things. 3. Difficult ; perplexing. CRAB'BED-LY, adv. Peevishly ; roughly ; morosely. eRAB'BED-NESS,7i. 1. Roughness; harshness. 2. Sour- ness; peevishness; asperity. 3. Difficulty; perplexity. CRAB'BY, a Difficult. Moxon. CRAB'ER, n. The water-rat. Walton. CRAB'S'-EyES, 71. Whitish bodies produced by the com- mon craw-fish, and used in medicine. CRACK, v.t. [Fr. craqucr ; D. kraaken.] 1. To rend, break or burst into chinks ; to break partially ; to divide the parts a little from each other. 2. To break in pieces. 3. To break with grief; to afiect deeply ; to pain ; to tor- ture. 4. To open and drink ; [low.] 5. To thrust out, or cast with smartness. 6. To snap ; to make a sharp, sudden noise. 7. To break or destroy. 8. To impair the regular exercise of the intellectual faculties ; to disor- der ; to make crazy. CRACK, V, i. 1. To burst ; to open in chinks ; as, the earth cracks by frost ; or to be marred without an open- ing. 2. To fall to ruin, or to be impaired ; [not elea-ant.] Dryden. 3. To utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound. 4. To boast ; to brag ; that is, to utter vain, pompous, blus- tering words ; with of; [not elegant.] Shak. CRACK, n. [Gr. payas.] 1. A disruption ; a chink or fis- sure ; a narrow breach ; a crevice ; a partial separation of the parts of a substance, with or without an opening. 2. A burst of sound ; a sharp or loud sound, uttered sudden- ly or with vehemence ; the sound of any thing suddenly rent ; a violent report. 3. Change of voice in puberty. Shak. 4. Craziness of intellect ; or a crazy person. 5. 7\ boast, or boaster ; [loio.] 6. Breach of chastity ; and a prostitute ; [lo7o.] 7. A lad ; an instant ; [not used.] CRACK'-BRAINED, a. Having intellects impaired ; crazy. CRACKED, trp. 1. Burst or split ; rent ; broken ; partially severed. 2. Impaired; crazy. CRACK'ER, 71. 1. A noisy, boasting fellow. Shak'. 2. A rocket ; a quantity of gunpowder confined so as to ex- plode with noise. 3. A hard biscuit. America. 4. That which cracks any thing. €RACK'-HEMP, or CRACK'-ROPE, n. A wretch fated to the gallows ; one who deserves to be hanged. CRACK'ING, ppr. Breaking or dividing partially ; open- ing ; impairing ; snapping ; uttering a sudden, sharp or loud sound ; boasting ; casting jokes. CRACKLE, V. i. [dim. oi crack.] To make slight cracks to make small, abrupt noises, rapidly or frequently re peated ; to decrepitate. CRACK'LING, ppr. Making slight cracks, or abrupt noises CRACK'LING, n. The making of small, abrupt cracks oi reports, frequently repeated. CRACK'NEL, n. A hard, brittle cake or biscuit. 1 Kings, xiv. 3. CRa'DLE, 71. [Sax. cradel.] 1 A mi vable machine, of va- rious constructions, placed on circular pieces of board, for rocking children. 2. Infancy. — From the cradle, is from the state of infancy. 3. That part of the stock of a cross- bow, where the bullet is put. — 4. In surgery, a case in which a broken leg is laid, after being set. — 5. In ship- building, a frame placed under the bottom of a sliip for launching. 6. A standing bedstead for wounded seamen. — 7. In engraving, an instrument, formed of steel, and re- sembling a cliisel, with one sloping side, used in scraping mezzotiutos, and preparing the plate. Encyc — 8. In hus- bandry, a frame of wood, with long, bending teeth, to which is fastened a sythe, for cutting and laying oats and other grain in a swath. CRa'DLE, v.t. 1. To lay in a cradle ; to rock in a cradle ; to compose, or quiet. 2. To nurse in infancy. 3. To cut and lay with a cradle, as grain. CRa'DLE, v. i. To lie or lodge in a cradle. CRa'DLE-CLoTHES, 71. The clothes used for covering one in a cradle. CRa'DLED, pp. Laid or rocked in a cradle ; cut and laid with a cradle, as grain. CRa'DLING, p^r. Laying or rocking in a cradle ; cutting and laying with a cradle, as grain. "^ CRAFT, 71. [Sax. craft.] 1. Art ; ability ; dexterity ; skill. 2. Cunning, art or skill, in a had sense, or applied to bad purposes ; artifice ; guile ; skill or dexterity employed to effect purposes by deceit. 3. Art ; skill ; dexterity in a particular manual occupation ; hence, the occupation or employment itself; manual art ; trade. 4. All sorts of vessels employed in loading or unloading ships, as light- ers, hoys, barges, scows, &c. — Small craft is a term given to small vessels of all kinds, as sloops, schooners, cutters, &c. t CRAFT, V. i. To play tricks. Shak. CRAFT'I-LY, adv. Vv'ith craft, cunning or guile ; artfully ; cunningly ; with more ^rt than honesty. CRAFT'I-NESS, 71. Artfulness ; dexterity in devising and effecting a purpose ; cunning ; artifice ; stratagem. CRAFTS'MAN, 7j. An artificer ; a mechanic ; one skilled in a manual occupation. CRAFTS'MAS-TER, n. One skilled in his craft or trade. CRAFT'Y, a. 1. Cunning; artful; skilful in devising and pursuing a scheme, by deceiving others, or by taking ad- vantage of their ignorance ; wily ; sly ; fraudulent. 2. Artful ; cunning ; in a good sense, or in a laudable pur- suit. CRAG, 71. [W., Scot., Ir. craig ; Gaelic, creag.] A steep, rugged rock ; a rough, broken rock, or point of a rock. CRAG, ?(. [Sax, hracca.] The neck ; formerly applied to the neck of a human being, as in Spenser. We now apply it to the neck or neck-piece of mutton, and call it a rack of mutton. CRAG'GED, a. Full of crags or broken rocks ; rough ; rug- ged ; abounding with prominences, points and inequali- ties. CRAG'GED- NESS, n. The state of abounding with crags, or broken, pointed rocks. CRAG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being craggy. CRAG'GY, a. Full of crags ; abounding with broken rocks ^ rugged with projecting points of rocks. CRAKE, 71. A boast. Spenser. See Crack. CRAKE, n. [qu. Gr. Kpe^.] The corn-crake, a migratory fowl, is a species of the rail, r alius. CRaK'ER, 7*. A boaster. Huloet. CRaKE'-BER-RY, n. A species of empetrum, or berry-bear- ing heath. CRAM, V. t. [Sax. crammian.] 1. To press or drive, partic- ularly in filling or thrusting one thing into another ; to stuff; to crowd ; to fill to superfluity. 2. To fill with food beyond satiety ; to stuff. 3. To thrust in by force ; to crowd. CRAM, V. i. To eat greedily or beyond satiety ; to stuff. CRAM'BO, 71. A rhyme ; a play in which one person givea a word, to which another finds a rhyme. CRAMMED, pp. Stuffed ; crowf ed ; thrust in ; filled with food. ♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ;- By LL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH : TH as in this, f Obsolete CRA 204 €EA €KAM'MING, ppr. Driving in ; stuffing ; crowding ; eating beyond satiety ot sulficiency. CRAMP, n. [Sax. hramvia ; D. kramp.l 1. Spasm; the contraction of a limb, or some muscle of tlie body, attend- ed with pain, a^id sometimes with convulsions, or numb- ness, a. Restraint ; confinement ; that which hinders from motion or expansion. 3. [Fr. crampon.] A piece of iron bent at the ends, serving to hold together pieces of timber, stones, &c. ; a cramp-iron. €RAMP, v.t. 1. To pam or affect with spasms. 2. To con- fine ; to restrain ; to hinder from action or expansion. 3. To fasten, confine or hold with a cramp or cramp- iron . €RAMP, a. Difficult ; knotty. [Little used.] CRAMPED, pp. Affected with spasm ; convulsed ; confin- ed ; restrained. CRAMP-FISH, n. The torpedo, or electric ray, the touch of whic'h affects a person like electricity, causing a slight shock, and producmg numbness, tremor, and sickness of the stomach. CRAMP'ING, ppr. Affecting with cramp ; confining. €RAMP'-IR0N, 71. An iron used for fastening things to- getJi.er ; a cramp, which see. CRa'NA(jE, M. [how li. cranagium.] The liberty of using a crane at a wharf for raising wares from a vessel ; also, the money or price paid for the use of a crane. CRAK'BBR-RY, n. [crane and berry.] A species ofvaccini- uvi ; a berry that grows on a slender, bending stalk ; also called moss-berry, or moor-berry, as it grows only on peat-bogs or swampy land. The berry, when ripe, is red, and of the size of a small cherry, or of the haw. It forms a sauce of exquisite flavor, and is used for tarts. CRaNGH. See CRAUrrcH. CRANE, 71. [Sax. craTi.] 1. A migratory fowl of the genus ardca, belonging to the grallic order. 2. A macliine for raising great weights. 3. A siphon, or crooked pipe for drawing liquors out of a cask. CRANE'S'-BILL, n. 1. The plant geranium, of many spe- cies. 2. A pair of pincers used by surgeons. CRANE'-FL"^, n. An insect of the genus tipula. CRAN-T-OG'NO-MY, n. [Gr. K^aviov and yvwpa.] The knowledge of the cranium or skuII ; the science of tlieex- . pression of human temper^ disposition and talents. CRAN-I-OG'NO-MY, n. [Gr. K^aviov and yvuypwv.] The science of determining the properties ot characteristics of the mind by the conformation of the skull. CRAN-I-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to craniology. CRAN-I-OL'O-GIST, ??. One who treats of craniology, or one who is versed in the science of the cranium. CRAN-1-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Kpaviov and 'Xoyog.] A discourse orxtreatise on the cranium or skull ; or the science which investigates the structure and uses of the skulls in various animals, particularly in relation to their specific character and intellectual powers. Ed. Encyc. CRAN-I-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Kpavcov and perpov.] An in- strument for measuring the skulls of a)iimals. CRAN-[-0-MEl''RI-GAL, a. Pertaining to craniometry. CRAjN'-I-OM'E-TRY, n. The art of measuring the craninm, or the skulls, of animals, for discovering their specific dif- ferences. eR^\JV-I-OS'CO-PY, n. [Gr. Kpaviov and ctkotteo}.] The sci- ence of the eminences produced in the cranium by the brain CRa'NI-UM, 71. [L.J The skull of an animal ; tht assem- blage of bones which inclose the farsin. CRANK, n. [D. kronkel.] 1. Literally, a bend or turn. Hence, an iron axis, with the end bent like an elhov/, for moving a piston, the saw in a saw-mill, &c., and causing it to rise and fall at every turn. 2. Any bend, turn or winding. 3. A twisting or turning in speech. 4. An iron brace for various purposes. CRANK, a. [D. kranlc] I. In sea-men's language, liable to be overset, as a slnp when she is too narrow, or has not sufficient ballast to carry full sail. , 2. Stout ; bold : erect !^enser. CRANK, ( V. t. To run in a winding course : to bend, CRAN KLE, \ wind and turn. CRAN'KLE, V. t. To break into bends, turns or angles ; to crin kle. CRAN'KLE, n. A bend or turn ; a crinkle. CRAN'KLES, n. Angular prominences. CRANK'NESS, n. 1. Liability to be overset, as a ship 2. "itoutness ; erectness. CRANK'Y, a. The same as crank. CRAN'NIED, a. Having rents, chinks or fissures ; as, a crannied wall. Shak. CRAN'NY, n. [Yr.cran.] 1. Properly, a rent; but com- monly, any small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice or chink, as in a wall, or other substance. 2. A hole ; a se- cret, retired place. — 3. In glass-making, an iron instru- ment for forming the necks of glasses. CRAN'NY, a. Pleasant ; agreeable ; praiseworthy. Bailey. CRANTS, n. \G. kranz ] Garlan^a carried before the bier of a maiden and hung over her grave. CRAPE, n. [Fr. cripe.] A thin, transparent stuff, made of raw silk gummed arid twisted on the mill, woven with- out crossing, and much used in mourning. CRAPE, V. t. To curl ; to form into ringlets, CRAP'LE, 71. [W. crav.] A claW. Spenser. CRAP'NEL, n. A hook or drag. Gu. grapnel. CRAP'U-LA, n. [L.] A surfeit or sickness by intemper- ance. CRAP'U-LENCE, n. [L. crapula.] Cropsickness ; drunk- enness ; a surfeit, or the sickness occasioned by intemper- ance. CRAP'U-LOUS, a. Drunk ; surcharged with liquor ; sick by intemperance. Diet. CRASE. See Craze CRASH, V. t. [Ft. ecraser.] To break ; to bruise CRASH, V I. To make the loud, clattering, multifarious sound of many things falling and breaking at once. CRASH, n. The loud, mingled sound of many things fall- ing and breaking at once, as tire sound of a large tree fac- ing, and its branches breaking, or the sound of a falling house. CRASH'ING, n. The sound of many things falling and breaking at once. CRa'SIS, n. [Gr. icpaais.] 1. The temper or healthy con- stitution of the blood in an animal body ; tlie tempera- ment which forms a particular constitution of the blood. — 2. In grammar, a figure by which tv,fo different letters are contracted into one long letter or into a diph- tliong. CRASS, a. [L. crassus.] Gross ; thick ; coarse ; not thin, nor fine. [Little used. ] CRASS'A-MENT, n. The thick, red part of the blood, af3 distinct from the serum, or aqueous part ; the clot. CRASS'I-MENT, T^. Thickness. Smith. CRASS'I-TUDE, 71. [L.crassitudo.] Crossness; coarseness; thickness. Bacon. CRASS'NESS, 71. Crossness. Olanville. CRAS-TI-Na'TION, n. [L. eras.] Delay. Diet. CRATCH, n. [Fr. creche.] A rack; a grated crib or man- ger. CRATCH. See Scratch. CRATCH'ES, 71. plu. [G. krUtze.] In the manege, a swell- ing on the pastern, under the fetlock of a horse. CRATE, n. [L. crates.] A kind of basket or hamper of wicker-work, used for the transportation of china, crock- ery and similar wares. CRa'TER, 71. [L. crater,] 1. The aperture or mouth of a volcano. 2. A constellation of the southern hemisphere, said to contain 31 stars. CRaUNCH,?). t. [D. schranssen.] To crush with the teetli; to chev/ with violence and noise. CRAUNCH'ING, ppr. Crushing with the teeth with vio- lence. CIIA-VAT', 77. [Fr. cravate.] A neck-cloth ; a piece of fine muslin or other cloth worn by men about the neck. CRAVE, V. t. [Sax. crafian.] 1. To ask with earnestness or importunity ; to beseech ; to implore ; to ask with sub- mission or humility, as a dependent ; to beg ; to entretit 2. To call for, as a gratification ; to long for ; to require or demand, as a passion or appetite. 3. Sometimes intran sitively, with /or before the thing sought. CRAVED, pp. Asked for with earnestness ; implored ; en- treated ; longed for ; required. CRa'VEN, CRa'VENT, or CRa'VANT, n. 1, A word of obloquy, used formerly by one vanquished in trial by bat- tle, and yielding to the conqueror. Hence, a recreant ; a coward; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. 2. A van- quished, dispirited cock. CRa'VEN, V, t. To make recreant, weak or cowardly, CRaV'ER, n. One who craves or begs. CRAVING, jjpr. 1. Asking with importunity ; urging for earnestly ; begging ; entreating. 2. Calling for with ur- gency ; requiring ; demanding gratification^ CRAVING, 71. Vehement or urgent desire, or calling for ; a longing for. CRAV'ING-NESS, n. The state of craving. CRAW, V. [Dan. kroe.] The crop or first stomach of fowls CRAW-FISH, or CRAY-FISH, n. A species of cancer, or crab, a crustaceous fish. CRAWL, V. i. [D. krielen ; Scot, crowl.] 1. To creep ; to niove slowly by thrusting or drawing the body along the ground, as a worm ; or to move slowly on the hands and knees. 2. To move or walk weakly, slowly, or timorous ly. 3. To creep ; to advance slowly and slyly ; to insin- uate one's self. 4. To move about : to move in any di rection ; used in contempt. 5. To have the sensation of insects creeping about the body, CRAWL, 77. A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on the sea coast for containing fish. CRAWL'ER, n. He or that which crawls ; a creeper ; a reptile. CRAWL'ING, ppr. Creeping J moving slowly Eilong the SeeSynopsis. A, .F., f, O, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete CRE 205 CRE ground, oi other substance ; moving or walking slowly, weakly or timorously ; insinuating. t €RAY ER i '*■ -^ ®"^^'' ^^^ vessel. €RaY-FISH, n. The river lobslef. See Craw-fish. €RaY'ON, n. [Fr.] 1. A general name for all colored stones, earths, or other minerals and substances, used in designing or painting in pastel or paste. 2. A kind of pencil, or roll of paste, to draw lines with. 3. A drawing or design done with a pencil or crayon. €RaY'ON, v. t. 1. To sketch with a crayon. Hence, 2. To sketch ; to plan ; to commit to paper one's first thoughts. €RaY'ON-PAINT'ING, n. The act or art of drawing with crayons. €S,AZE, v. t. [Fr. ecraser.] L To break ; to weaken ; to break or impair the natural force or energy of. 9. I'o crush in pieces ; to grind to powder. 3. To crack the brain ; to shatter ; to impair the intellect. €RaZED, pp. Broken ; bruised ; crushed ; impaired ; de- ranged in intellect ; decrepit. €Ra'ZED-NESS, n. A broken state ; decrepitude ; an im- paired state of the intellect. Hooker. CRaZE'-MILL, or €RaZ'ING-MILL, n. A mill resem- bling a.grist-mill, used for grinding tin. €Ra Zl-LY, adv. In a broken or crazy manner. €Ra'ZI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being broken or weaken- ed. 2. The state of being broken in mind 3 imbecility or weakness of intellect ; derangement. €Ra'ZY, a. [Fr. ecrase.] 1. Broken; decrepit; weak; feeble. 2. Broken, weakened, or disordered in intellect; deranged, weakened, or shattered in mind. We say, the man is crazy. t €REAGHT, w. [Irish.] HeMs of cattle. Davics. t €REAGHT, v. i. To graze on lands. Davias. CRbAK, v. i. [W. crecian.] To make a sharp, harsh, grat- ing sound, of some continuance, as by the friction of liard substances. €Rf.AK'ING, ppr. Making a harsh, grating sound. CReAK'ING, n. A harsh, grating sound. CReAM, n.[Ft.cr^me.] 1. The oily part of milk, which, when the milk stands unagitated in a cool place, rises and forms a scum on the surface. 2. The best part of a thing. — Cream of lime, the scum of lime-water. — Cream of tar- tar, tlie scum of a boiling solution of tartar. CReAM, v. t. 1. To skim ; to take off cream by skimming. 2._To take off the quintessence or best part of a thing. €ReAM, v. i. 1. To gather cream ; to dower or mantle. 3._To grew stiff, or formal. CReAM'-Bo WL, n. A bowl for holding cream. €ReAM'-FaCED, a. White ; pale ; having a coward look. CReAM'-POT, n. A vessel for holding cream. €ReAM'Y, a. Full of cream ; like cream ; having the na- ture of cream ; luscious. CRe'ANCE, v. [Fr.] In falconnj, a fine, small line, fast- ened to a hawk's leash, when she is first lured. OReASE, n. [qu. G. kr'duscn.'] A line or mark made by folding or doubling any thing ; a hollow streak, like a groove. €ReASE, v. t. To make a crease or mark in a thing by foj^ding or doubling. €Re'AT, n. [Fr.] In the manege, an usher to a riding master. €RE-aTE , V. t. [Fr. creer ,• L. creo.] 1. To produce ; to bring into being from nothing ; to cause to exist. 2. To make or form, by investing with a new character. 3. To produce ; to cause ; to be the occasion of. 4. To beget ; to generate; to bring forth, b. To make or produce, by new combinations of matter already created, and by in- vesting these combinations with new forms, constitutions and qualities ; to shape and organize. 6. To form anew ; to change the state or character ; to renew. €RE-aTE', a. Begotten ; composed ; made up. Shak. CRE-aT'ED, pp. Formed from nothing ; caused to exist ; produced ; generated ; invested with a new character ; . formed into new combinations, with a peculiar shape, constitution and properties ; renewed. CEE-aT'ING, pjir. Forming from nothing ; originating ; liroducing ; giving a new character ; constituting new be- ings from matter by shaping, organizing and investing with new properties ; forming anew. €RE-a'TION, n. 1. The act of creating ; th* act of causing to exist ; and es-peci/dly, the act of bringing this world in- to existence. Rom. i. 2. The act of making, by new com- binations of matter, invested with new forms and proper- ties, and of subjecting to different laws ;>the act of shap- ing and organizing. 3. The act of investing with a new character. 4. The act of producing. 5. The things cre- ated ; creatures ; the world ; the universe. 6. Any part of the things created. 7. Any thing produced or caused to exist. CRE-a TIVE, a. Having the power to create, or exerting the act of creation. GRE-a'TOR, n. [L.] 1. The heing or person that creates 2. The thing that creates, produces or causes. €RE-a'TRESS, n. A female that creates any thing. €ReAT'UR-AL, a. Belonging to a creature; having the qualities of a creature. CReAT'URE, n. [Fr.] 1. That which is created ; every being besides the Creator, or every thing not self-existent — 2. In a restricted sense, an animal of any kind ; a living being; a beast. — In a jnorc restricted sense, man. 3. A human being, in contempt. 4. With words of endear- ment, it denotes a human being beloved. 5. That whicii is produced, formed or imagined. 6. A person who owes his rise and fortune to another ; one who is made to be what he is. 7. A dependent ; a person who is subject to tlse will or influence of another. €ReAT'URE-LY, a. Having the qualities of a creature €ReAT'URE-SHIP, 7t. The state of a creature. Cave. t €REB'RI-TUDE, w. [L. creber.] Frequency. Diet. t€REB'ROl]»S, a. Frequent. Diet. CRe'DENCE, ii. [It. credenza.] 1. Belief; credit; reliancf- of the mind on evidence of facts derived from other sourcen than personal knowledge, as from the testimony of otJiery 2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief or conii- dence. fCRE'DENCE, V. t. To believe. Skeltoiu <3RE-DEN'DA, n. [L.] In theology, things to be believed ; articles of faith ; distinguished from«a^e7io;o, or practic;!J duties. CEe'DENT, «. 1. Believing; giving credit ; easy of belief. 2. Having credit; not to be questioned ; [rarely used.] Sfiak. €IIE-DEN'TIAL, a. Giving a title to credit. €RE-DEN'TIALS, n. plu. [Rarely or never used in the sin- gular.^ Tiiat which gives" credit ; that which gives a title or claim to confidence ; the warrant on which belief, credit or authority is claimed among strangers. €RED-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. rredlbilile.] Credibieness ; the quality or state of a thing which renders it possible to he believed, or which admits belief, on rational principles ; tlie quality or state of a thing which involves no co]Uj:a- diction, or absurdity. Credibility is less than certainty, and greater tlian pos.'iibiUty ; indeed it is less than proba- hilit.ii, but is nearly allied to it. €RED'I-BLE, a. [L. credibilis.] 1. That may be believed ; worthy of credit. 2. Worthy of belief ; having a claim to credit ; applied to persons. €EEiy[-BLE-NESS, 71. Credibility ; worthiness of belief ; just claim to credit. €RED'I-BLY, adv. In a manner that deserves belief; with good authority to support belief. CRED'IT, n. [Fr. credit.] 1. Belief: faith ; a reliance or resting of the mind on the truth of something said or done. 2. Reputation derived from the confidence of others. Esteem ; estimation ; good opinion founded on a belief of a man's veracity, integrity, abilities and virtue. 3. Honor ; reputation ; estimation ; applied to men or things. 4. That which procures or is entitled to belief; testimony ; au- thority derived from one's character, or from the confi- dence of others. 5. Influence derived from the reputation of veracity or integrity, or from the good opinion or confi- dence of others ; interest ; power derived from weight of character, from friendship, fidelity or other cause. — (5. !n commerce, trust ; transfer of goods in confidence of future payment. 7. The capacity of being trusted ; or the repu- tation of solvency and probity, which entitles a man to be trusted. — 8. In book-keeping, the side of an account in which payment is entered ; opposed to debit. — 9. Public credit, the confidence which men entertain in the ability and disposition of a nation to make good its engagements with its creditors. 10. The notes or bills which are issued by the public, or by corporations or individuals, are some- times called bills of credit. 11. The time given for pay- ment for lands or goods sold on trust. 12. A sum of mon- ey due to any person ; any thing valuable standing on the creditor side of an account. €B.ED'[T, v.t. 1. To beheve ; to confide in the truth of. 2. To trust ; to sell or /oan in confidence of future pay ment. 3. To procure credit or honor; to do credit; to give reputation or honor. 4. To enter upon the credit side of an account. 5. To set to the credit of. €RED'IT-A-BLE, a. Reputable ; that may be enjoyed or exercised witn reputation or esteem ; estimable. €RED'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. Reputation ; estimation €11ED'IT-A-BLY, adv. Reputably ; with credit ; without disgrace. CRED'IT-ED, pp. Believed ; trusted ; passed to the credit, or entered on the credit side of an account. €RED'IT-ING, ppr. Believing ; trusting ; entering to the credit in account. €RED'IT-OR. n. [L.] 1 . A person to whom a sum of money or other thing is due, by obligation, promise, or in law ; properly, one who gives credit in commerce ; but in a general sense, one who has a just claim for money ; cur relative to debtor. 2. One who believes ; [not used ] €RED'I-TRIX, n. A female creditor. €RE-DU'LI-TY, n. [Fr. credulitc ; L. credulitas.] East * See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete CRE 206 CRI ness of belief ; a weakness of mind by which a person /s Jispised to believe, or yield his assent to a declaration or proposition, without sufticieut eviieace of the truth of what is said or proposed ; a disposition to believe on slight evidence or no evidence at al!. CRED'b-LOUS, a, [L. crcdalus ] Apt to believe without sufficient evidence ; unsuspecting ; easily deceived. eKED'U-LOUS-LY^, ado. in an unsuspecting manner. Qnodmaji. €KED'U-LOUS-NESS, n. Credulity ; easiness of belief 3 readiness to believe without sufficient evidence. CREED, 71. [VV credo ; i}a.x. creda.] 1. A brief summary of the articles of Christian faith ; a symbol. 2. Tliat which is believed ; any system of principles which are believed or professed. €IIEEK, V. t To make a harsh, sharp noise. Shak. * CREEK, (krik) n. [Sax. crecea ; D. hreek.] 1. A small inlet, bay or cove ; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river. 2. Any turn or winding. 3. A prominence or jut in a winding coast.^4. In some of the American states, a small river. *€REEK'Y, (krik'y) a. Containing creeks : full of creeks j winding. Spenser. CREEL, n. An osier basket. Brockett. Morth of England. CREEP, V. i. ; pret* and pp. c?-ept. [Sax. creopan, crypan.] 1. To move with the belly on the ground, or the surface of any other body, as a worm or serpent without legs, or as many insects with feet and very siiort legs : to crawl. 2. To move along the ground, or on the surface of any other body, in growth, as a vine ; to grow along. 3. To move slowly, feebly or timorously ; as an old or infirm man, wao creeps about his chamber. 4. To move slowly and insensibly, as tune. 5. To move secretly ; to move so as to escape detection, or prevent suspicion. 6. To steal in ; to move forward unheard and unseen ; to come or enter unexpectedly or unobssived. 7. To move or be- have with servility ; to fawn. UREEP'ER, n. 1. One who creeps ; that which creeps ; a reptile 3 also, a creeping plant, which moves along the suiface of the earth, or attaches itself to some otner body, as ivy. 2. An iron used to slide along the grate in kitch- ens. 3. A kind of patten or clog worn by women. 4. Creeper or creepers, an instrument of iron with hooks or claws, for drawing up things from the bottom of a weil, ri\er or harbor. 5. A genus of birds, the certliia, or ox- eyfc CREEPIIOLE, n. A hole into which an animal may creep to escape notice or danger ; also, a subterfuge ; an excuse. €REE1''ING, ppr. Moving on the belly, or close to the sur- face of the earth or other body ; moving slowly, secretly, or silently ; moving insensibly ; stealing along. €REFP'ING-LY, adv. By creeping 3 slowly 3 in the man- ner of a reptile. Sidney. fCREE'PLE. See Cripple. CREESE, 11. A Malay dagger. CRE-Ma'TION, «. [1,. crematio.'] A hnrnrng; particularly, the burning of the dead, according to the custom of many aiicifint nations. CRe'MOR, n. [L.] Cream 5 any expressed juice of grain 3 yeast 3 scum 3 a substance resembling cream. Coze. €REM'0-SIN. SeeCRiMosiN. CRe'NATE, ; a. [L. crenatus.'] Notched : indented ; CReNA-TED, \ scolloped. €REN'A-TURE, n. A scollop, like a notch, in a leaf, or In the style of a plant. Bige^oio. CREN'KLE, or CREN'GLE. See Cringle. CREN'U-LATE, a. Having the edge, as it were, cut into very small scollops. CRe'OLE, n. In the West Indies and Spanish America, a native of those countries descended from European an- cestors. CREP'ANCE, ) n. [L. crcpo.] A chop or cratch in a horse's CREP'ANE, \ leg, caused by the shoe of one hiiid foot crossing and striking the other hind foot. CREP'I-TATE, V. i. [L. crepito.] To crackle ; to snap 5 to burst with a small, sharp, abrupt sound, rapidly repeated 3 as salt in fire, or during calcination. CREP'I-TA-TING, ppr. Crackling 3 snapping. CREP-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of bursting with a fre- quent repetition of sharp sounds 3 the noise of some salts In calcination 5 crackling. 2. The noise of fractured bones, when moved by a surgeon to ascertain a fracture. CREPT, pret. and pp. of creep. CRE-PUS'CLE, or CRE-PUS€'ULE, n. [L. crepicsculum.] Twilight ; the light of the morning from the first dawn to sunrise, and of the evening from sunset to darkness. CRE-PUSC U-LAR, or CRE-PUSC'U-LOUS, a. Pertaining to twilight 5 glimmering 3 noting the imperfect light of the morning and evening 3 hence, imperfectly clear or lu- minous. tCRE-PUSC'U-LINE, a. Crepuscular. CRES'CENT, a. [L. crescens.] Increasing 3 growing. Milton. CTRES'CENT, n. 1. The increasing or new moon, which, when receding from the sun, shows a curving rim of light, terminating in points or horns. 2. The figure or likeness of the new moon 3 as that borne in the Turkish tiag or national standard. The standard itself, -dwA, figuratively, the Turkish power. — 3. In heraldry, a bearing in the form of a half moon. 4. The name of a militajy order, insti- tuted by Renatus of Anjou. CRES'CENT, V. t. To form into a crescent. Seward. CRES'CENT-SHaPED, a. In botany, lunate 5 lunated ; shaped like a crescent. Martyn. CRES'CiVE, a. [L. cresco.'] Increasing 3 growing. Shak. CRESS, n. [Fr. cresson.'] The name of several species of plants, most of them of the class tetradynamia. CRESS'ET, n. [Fr. croisette.] J. A great light set on a beacon, lighthouse, or watch-tower. 2. A lamp or torch. Milton. CREST, n. [Fr. crete.] 1. The plume of feathers or other material on the top of the ancient helmet 3 the helmet it- self. 2. The ornament of the helmet in heraldry. 3. The comb of a cock 3 also, a tuft of feathers on the head of other fowls. 4. Any tuft or ornament worn on the head. 5. Loftiness 3 pride 3 courage ; spirit ; a lofty mien. CREST, V. t. 1. To furnish with a crest 5 to serve as a crest for. 2. To mark with long streaks. CREST'ED, a. 1. Wearing a crest 3 adorned with a crest or plume 3 having a comb. — 2. In natural history, having a tuft like a crest. CREST'-F ALL-EN, a. 1. Dejected 5 sunk 5 bowed 3 dis- pirited 5 heartless 5 spiritless. Shak. 2. Having the upper part of the neck hanging on one side, as a horse. CREST'IiESS, a. Without a crest 3 not dignified witn coat- armor 3 not of an eminent family 3 of low birth. CRE-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. cretaceus.] Chalky 3 having the qualities of chalk 3 like chalk 5 abounding with chalk. CRe'TIC, n. [Gr. KprjTiKos.] A poetic foot of three sylla- bles, one short between two long syllables. CPtE'TIN, 71. A name given to certain deformed and help- less idiots in the Alps, CREVICE, 71. [Fr. crevasse.] A crack 5 a cleft 5 a fissure 3 a rent 5 an opening. CREV'iCE, V. t. To crack 3 to flaw. Wotton. CREV'ISSE I '^' "^^^^ craw-fish. [Little used.} CREW, 71. [Sax. creat?, or crtii/t.] 1. A company of people associated. Spenser. 2. A company, in a low or bad sense; a herd. Milton. 3. The company of seamen who man a ship, vessel or boat 3 the company belonging to a vessel CREW, jyret. of croto ; but the regular preterit and participle, crov^ed, is now most commonly used. CREWEL, n. [qu. D. klewel.] Yarn twisted and wound on a knot or ball, or two-threaded worsted. CREW'ET. See Cruet. CRIB, 71. [Sax. crybb ; D. krib.] 1. The manger of a stable, in which oxen and cows feed. — In America, it is distin- guished from a rack for horses. 2. A small habitation or cottage. 3. A stall for oxen. 4. A case or box in salt works. 5. A small building, raised on posts, for storing Indian corn. U. States. 6. A lodging plaee for children. CRIB, V. t. To shut or confine in a narrow habitation 5 to cage. Shak. jCRIB, V. i. To be confined 3 to be cooped up. CRIB'BAGE, n. A game at cards. CRIBBED, pp. Shut up 3 confined 3 caged. CRIB'BLE, n. [L. cribellum.] 1. A coi^i-sieve or riddle. 2. Coarse flour or meal 3 [riot used in the U. States. 'j CRIB'BLE, V. t. To sift 3 to cause to pass through a sieve or riddle. CRI-BRa'TION, n. The act of sifting or riddling 3 used in pharmacy. CRIB'RI-FORM, a. [L. cribrum.] Resembling a sieve or riddle 5 a term applied to the lamen of the ethn:oid bone, through which the fibres of the olfactory nerve pass to tiie nose. CRlCH'TON-lTE, 71. A mineral, so called from Dr. Crich- ton. CRICK, n. I. The creaking of a door 3 [obs.] 2. A spas- modic affection of some part of the body, as of the neck or back ; local spasm or cramp. CR[€K'ET,7i. [D. krekel.] An insect of the genus grylhis. CRICK'ET, 7i. [qu. Sax. cricc] 1. A play or exercise with bats and ball. Pope. 2. A low stool. CRICK'ET-ER, n. One who plays at cricket- CRICK'ET-ING-AP-PLE, n. A small species of apple. CRICK'ET-MATCH, 71. A match at cricket. Buncombe. CRiED, pret. and part, of cry. CRi'ER or CRY'ER, n. One who cries 3 one who makes proclamation. CRIME, 71. [L. crimen ; Gr. /cpt/xa.] 1. An act which vio- lates a law, divine or human ; an act which violates a rule of moral duty 5 an offense against the laws of right, pre- scribed by God or man, or against any rule of duty plainly implied in those laws. — But in a more common and re- * See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, ?, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; t Obsolete. CRI 207 CRI stricted sense, a crime denotes an offense, or violation of public law, of a deeper and more atrocious nature ; a pub- lic wrong ; as treason, murder, robbery, theft, arson, &.c. 2. Any great wickedness ; iniquity ; wrong. — Capital crime, a crime punishable with death. €KrME'FlJL, a. Criminal ; wicked ; partaking of wrong ; contrary to law, right, or duty. Skak. CRiME'LESS, a. Free from crime ; innocent. Shak. €RIM'1N-AL, a. 1. Guilty of a crime. 2. Partaking of a crime; involving a crime ; that violates public law, divine or human. 3. That violates moral obligation ; wicked. 4. Relating to crimes ; opposed to civil. €RIM'IN-AIi, n. A person who has committed an offense agaia-»t rmblic law ; a person indicted or charged with a public offense. — Criminal conversation, the illegal com- merce of the sexes ; adultery. CRIM-tN-AL'I-TY, or €RIM'IN-AL-NESS, n. The qual- ity of being criminal, or a violation of law ; guiltiness ; the quality of being guilty of a crime. Blackstone. €RIM'IN-AL-LY, adv. In violation of public law ; in vio- lation of divine law ; wickedly ; in a wrong or iniquitous manner. €RIM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L. criminor.] To accuse ; to charge with a crime ; to alledge to be guilty of a crime, offense, or wrong. Christ. Obs. €RIM'IN-A-TED, pp. Accused ; charged with a crime. €RIM'IN-A-TING, ppr. Accusing ; alledging to be guilty. €RIM-IN-A'TION, n. [L. criminatio.] The act of accusing ; accusation ; charge of having been guilty of a criminal act, offense or wrong. €RIM'IN-A-TO-RY, a. Relating to accusation ; accusing. I €RIM'IN-OUS, a. Very wicked ; heinous ; involving great crime. Hammond. t€RIM'IN-OUS-LY, ad«. Criminally; heinously; enor- mously. t€RIM'IN-OUS-NESS, n. Wickedness; guilt; criminali- ty. Kins Charles. €RIM'OSlN. See Crimson. €RIMP, a. [Sax. acrymman.] 1. Easily crumbled ; friable; brittle ; [little used ] 2. Not consistent ; [not %ised.] €RIMP, V. t. [W. crimpiaw.] To catch ; to seize ; to pinch and hold. €RIMP, V. t. [Sax. gecrympt.] To curl or frizzle. €RIMP, n. 1. In England, an agent for coal-merchants, and for persons concerned in shipping. 2. One who de- coys another into the naval or military service. 3. A game at cards ; [obs.] €IRIM'PLE, V. t. [D. krimpe7i.'\ To contract or drav/ to- geclier ; to shrink ; to cause to shrink ; to curl. Wise- man. €RIM'PLED, pp. Contracted ; shrunk ; curled. ■ €RIM'PLING, ppr. Contracting ; shrinking ; curling ; hob- bling. .Ssh. CRIM'SON, (krim'zn) n. [It. cremisi, cremisino.l A deep red color ; a red tinged with blue ; also, a red color in general. CRIM'SON, a. Of a beautiful deep red, CRIM'SON, V. t. To dye with crimson ; to dfe of a deep red color ; to make red. CRIM'SON, V. i. To become of a deep red color ; to be tinged with red ; to blush. CRIM'SONED, pp. Dyed or tinged with a deep red. €RIM'SON-ING, ppr. Dyeing or tinging with a deep red. CRINCUM, n. A cramp ; a contraction ; a turn or bend ; a whim, [.d vulgar icord.] Hudibras. €RINGE, (krinj) v. t. Properly, to shrink ; to contract ; to draw together ; a popular use of the word. [Vulgarly, scringe.'] CRINGE, (krinj) v. i. To bow ; to bend with servility ; to fawn ; to make court by mean compliances. CRINGE, (krinj) n. A bow ; servile civility. Philips. CRING'ER, n. One who cringes, or bows and flatters with servility CRING'ING, ppr. Shrinking ; bowing servilely. CRIN'GLE, (kring'gl) 7i. [D. kring, krinkel.] 1. A withe for fastening a gate ; [local.] — 2. In marine language, a hole In the bolt-rope of a sail. CRT-NIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. criniger.] Hairy ; overgrown with hair. Diet. CRl'NITE, a. [L. crinitus.] Having the appearance of a tuft of hair. CRIN'KLE, (krink'l) v. i. [D. krinkelen.] To turn or wind ; to bend ; to wrinkle ; to run in and out in little or short bends or turns. CRIN'KLE, V. t. To form with short turns or wrinkles ; to mold into inequalities. CRIN'KLE, n. A wrinkle ; a winding or turn ; sinuosity. CRI'NOSE, a. Hairv. [Little used.] CRI-NOS'I-TY, 71. Hairiness. [Little used.] CRIP'PLE, (krip'pl) n. [D. kreupel.] A lame person ; pri- marily, one wlio creeps, halts or limps ; one who has lost, or never enjoyed, the use of his limbs. CRIP'PLE, a. Lame. Shak. CRIP'PLE, V. t. li To lame ; to deprive of the use of the limbs, particularly of the legs and feet. 2. To disable; to deprive of the power of exertion. CRIP'PLED, j}p. Lamed ; rendered impotent in the limbs , disabled. CRiP'PLE-NESS, n. Lameness. CRIP'PLING, ppr. Laming ; depriving of the use of the limbs ; disabling. CRi'SIS, 71. ; plu. Crises. [Gt. Kpicis ; L. crisis.] 1. In medical science, the change of a disease which indicates its event ; that change which indicates recovery or death. 2. The decisive state of things, or the point of time when an affair is arrived to its height, and must soon terminate or suffer a material change. CRISP, a. [L. crispus.] I. Curled; formed into curls or linglets. 2. Indented; winding. 3. Brittle; friable; easily broken or crumbled. CRISP, V. t. [L. crispo.] 1. To curl ; to twist ; to contract or form into ringlets, as the hair ; to wreathe or inter- weave. 2. To indent. Johnson. To twist or eddy. CRIS-Pa'TION, 71. The act of curling, or state of being curled. Bacon. CRISP'A-TURE, n. A curling ; the state of being curled. CRISPED, jyp. Curled ; twisted ; frizzled. CRISP'ING, ppr. Curling ; frizzling. CRISP'ING-I'RON, 71. A curling-iron. CRISP'ING-PIN, n. A curling-iron. Isaiah. CRIS-?I-SUL'€ANT, a. Waved or undulating, as light- ning is represented. CRISP'NESS, 71. A state of being curled ; also, brittleness. CRISP'Y, a. 1. Curled ; formed into ringlets. 2. Brittle ; dried , so as to break short. CRISS-CROSS-ROW, n. Alphabet ; beginning. CRIST' ATE, \ a. [L. crlstatus.] In botany, crested ; tuft- CRiST'A-TED, \ ed ; having an appendage like a crest or tuft. _ CRI-Te'RI-ON, n. ; plu. Criteria. [Gr. Kpirripiov.] A standard of judging ; any established law, rule, principle, or fact, by which facts, propositions and opinions are com- pared, in order to discover their truth or falsehood, or by which a correct judgment may be formed. CRITH'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr; Kpt6r] and jxavreta.] A kind of divination by means of the dough of cakes, and the meal strewed over the victims, in ancient sacrmces. CRIT'IC, 71. [Gr. KpiTiKos.] 1. A person skilled in judging of the merit of Uterary works ; one who is able to discern and distinguish the beauties and faults of writing. In a more general sense, a person skilled in judging with pro- priety of any combination of objects, or of any work of art. 2. An examiner; a judge. 3. One who judges with severity ; one who censures or finds fault. Pcpe. CRIT'IC, «. Critical ; relating to criticism, or the art of judging of the merit ofa literary perfoimance or discourse "or of any work in the fine arts. CRIT'IC, V. i. To criticise ; to play the critic. [Little used.] CRIT'I CAL, c. [L. criticus.] 1. Relating lo criticism, nicely exact. 2. Having the skill or power nicely to dis- tinguish beauties from blemishes. 3. Making nice dis- tinctions ; accurate. 4. Capable of judging with accuracy ; discerning beauties and faults ; nicely judicious in mat- ters of literature and the fine arts. 5. Capable of judging with accuracy ; conforming to exact rules of propriety ; exact ; particular. 6. Inclined to find fault, or to judge with severity. 7. [See Crisis.] Pertaining to a crisis; marking the lime or state ofa disease which indicates its termination in the death or recovery of the patient. 8. Producing a crisis or change in a disease ; indicating a crisis. 9. Decisive ; noting a time or state on which the issue of things depends ; important, as regards the conse- quences. 10. Formed or situated to determine or decide, or having the crisis at command ; important or essential for determining. CRIT'I-CAL-LY, adv. 1. In a critical manner ; with nice discernment of truth or falsehood, propriety or impropri- ety ; with nice scrutiny ; accurately ; exactly. 2. At the crisis ; at the exact time. 3. In a critical situation, place or condition, so as to command the crisis. CRIT'I-CAL-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being critical ; inci- dence at a particular point of time. 2. Exactneas ; accu- racy ; nicety ; minute care in examination. CRIT'I-CTSE, V. i. 1. To examine and judge critically ; to judge with attention to beauties and faults. £ To write remarks on the merit of a performance ; to notice lieauties and faults. 3. To animadvert upon as faulty ; to utter censure^ CRIT'I-ClSE, V. t. I. To notice beauties and blemishes or faults in ; to utter or write remarks on the merit of a per- formance. 2. To pass judgment on with lespect to merit or blame. CRIT'I-ClSED, pp. Examined and judged with respect to beauties and faults. CRIT'T-ClS-ER, 71. One who makes or writes remarks. CRIT'I-CIS-ING, f-pr. Examining and judging with regard to beauties and faults ; remarking on ; animadverting on ' See Synopsis MOVE BCQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete CRO 208 CRO €KIT'I-CISM, n. 1, The art of judging with propriety of ihe beauties and faults of a literary perfonnance, or of any production in the tine arts ; as, the rules of criticism. a. The act of judging on the merit of a performance ; an- imadversjon ; remark on beauties and faults ; critical ob- servativiii, verbal or written. €Rl-TiaUE', or €KIT'ie, n. [Fr. critique.] 1. A critical ex- amination of the merits of a performance ; remarks or an- imadversions on beauties ;md faults. 2. Science of criti- cism ; standard or rules of judging of the merit of per- formances. Locke. eillZ'ZKL, ) 11. A kind of roughness on the surface €KIZ''ZEL-LNGj ) of glass, which clouds its transpa- rejicy. €RoAJK, V. i. [Sax. cracettan ; Goth, hriikijan.] 1. To make a low, hoarse noise in the *hroat, as a frog or other ?Jiimal. 2. To caw ; to cry as a raven or crovv. 3. To make any low, muttering sound, resembling that of a frog or raven. 4. In contempt, to speak with a low, hol- low voice. €E.oAK, 71. The low, harsh sound uttered by a frog or a rav'en, or a like sound. €RoAK'ER, n. One that croaks, murmurs or grumbles ; one who complains unreasonably. €RoAK'ING, ppr. Uttering a low, harsh sound from the thjoat, or other similar sound. €RoAK'ING, n. A low, harsh souiid, as of a frog, or the bowels. €RO'ATS, n. Troops, natives of Croatia. €RO'€AL-ITE, n. A mineral, a variety of zeolite. €Ro'CEOUS, a. [L. croceiis.] Like saffron ; yellow ; con- sisting of sailron. €RO'CHES, 71. Little buds or knobs about tlie tops of a deer's hern. Bailey. €R0C-I-TA'TIOi^, n. [L. crocito.] A croaking. f €ROeK, n. [Sax. cruce, crocca.] An earthen vessel ; a pot or pitcher ; a cup. eRO€K, 71. Soot, or the black matter collected from com- bustion on pots and kettles, or in a chimney. Ray. eUOGK, V. t. or i To black with soot, or other matter col- lected from combustion ; or to black with the coloring matter of cloth. JVe70 England. €ROeK'ER-Y, 71. [W. crocan.l Earthen ware •, vessels formed of clay, glazed and baked. The term is applied to the coarser kinds of ware j the finer kinds being usual- ly called cAi'na or ^jorceZcm. *eRO€'0-DiLE, ??. \Gr. upoKohCkog.] L An amphibious animal of the genus lacena, or lizard, of the largest kind. It inhabits the large rivers in Africa and Asia. See Alli- gator. — 2. In rhetoric^ a captious and sophistical argu- ment. * €RC>€ O-DlLE, a. Pertaining to or like a crocodile. €Ro€US, 7(. [Gr. AcpoKo?.] 1. Saffron, a genus of plants. — 2. "in chemistry, a yellow powder ; any metal calcined to a red or deep yellow color. eROFT, n. [Sax. croft.] A little close adjoining or near to a dwellJng-house, and used for pasture, tillage or other purposes. €ROI-SaDE', 7i. [Fr.] A holy war ; an expedition of Chris- tians against the infidels, for . the conquest of Palestine. See the more common word. Crusade. CROIS'ES, 71. 1. Soldiers enrolled under the banners of the cross. Burke. 2. Pilgrims who cany the cross. €RO'KER, 71. A fowl that inhabits the Chesapeake and the large rivei-s in Virginia. CR0M'LE€H,7!. [W. cromlcg.] Huge flat stones resting on other stones, set on end for that pWpose ; supposed to be the remains of Druidical altars. €ROiVE, n. [It. criona.] 1. An old woman. Drydcn. 2. An old ewe. Tusser. €Ro'NET, 71. \coronet.] 1. The hair which grows over the top of a horse's hoof. 2. The iron at the end of a tilting spade. e58N'YS'AL,|«-A----- tJRo'NY, n. An ultimate companion ; an associate 3 a fa- miliar friend. CROOK, n. [Sw. krok.] 1. Any bend, turn or curve; or a bent or curving instrument. 2. A shepherd .stafl^, curving at the end ; a pastoral staff. 3. A gibbet. 4. An arti- fice ; a trick. €ROOK, V. t. [Fr. crochuer.] L To bend ; to turn from a stra'ight line ; to make a curve or hook. 2. To turn from rectitude ; to pervert. 3. To thwart ; [little used.] CROOK. V. i. To bend or be bent 3 to be turned from a riglit line ; to cui-ve ; to wind. CROOK'-BACK, n. A crnoked back 3 one who has a crook- ed back or round shoulders. Shah. CROOK'-BACKED, a. Having a round back or shoulders. Vryden. CRQOK'ED, pp. or a. 1. Bent ; curved ; curving ; wnid- ing! 2. Winding in moral conduct 3 devious 5 froward 3 perverse ; going ^ut of the path of rectitude 3 given to obliquity, or wandering from duty. CRQOK'ED-LY, adv. 1. In a winding manner, 2. IFnto- w'ardly 3 not compliantly. €RQOK'ED-NESS, 71. 1. A winding, bending or turning, curvity5 curvature 3 inflection. 2. Pei-verseness 3 unto- wardness 5 deviation from rectitude 3 iniquity 3 -jbliqui- ty of conduct. 3. Deformity of a gibbous body. t CRQOK'EN, V. t. To make crooked CROOK'ING, ppr. Bending : windmg. €R66K'-KN£ED, a. Having crooked knees. Shak. CROOK'-SHoUL'DERED, a. Having bent shoulders. CROP, n. [Sax. crop, cropp.] 1. The first stomach of a fowl 3 the craiD. 2. The top or highest part of a thing 5 the end; [not inline.] Chaucer. 3. That which is gathered : the corn or fruits of the earth collected 3 harvest. ». Corn and other cultivated plants while growhig. 5. A]iy thing cut on" or gathered. 6. Hair cut close or short. CROP, V. t. 1. To cut off the ends cf any thing ; to eat off; to pull off; to pluck 3 to mow 3 to reap. 2. To cut off prematurely 3 to gather before it falls. j£RO¥,v.i. To yield harvest. Shak. CR0P'-EAR, n. A horse whose ears are cropped. CROP^eARED, a. Having the ears cropped. CROP'FUL, a. Having a full crop or belly 3 satiated. Cropped, or CROPT, pp. Cut off 3 plucked 3 eaten off reaped, or mowed. CROP'PER, n. A pigeon with a large crop. Walton. CROP'PIXG, pp-. Cutting off; pulling off; eating off reaping, or mowing. CEOP'PrNG, n. 1. The act of cutting off. 2. The raising of crops. CROP'-iSICK, a. Sick or indisposed from a surcharged stom ach 3 sick with excess in eating or drinking. CROP'-SICK-NESS, ?(. Sickness from repletion of the stom- ach. [L. crapuia.] CRo SIER, (krS'zhur) n. [Fr. crosse.] 1. A bishop's crook or pastoral staff, a symbol of pastoral authority and care. — 2. In astronomy, four stars in the southern hemisphere, in the form of a cross. CROS'LET, 71. A small cross. — In heraldry, a cross crossed at a small distance from the ends. CROSS, 7!. [W. crocs.] 1. A gibbet consisting of two pieces of timber placed across each other, either in foim of a T, or of an X. 2. The ensign of the Christian re- ligion; and hence, ^3-MratiDe/?/, the religion itself. 3. A monument with a cross upon it to excite devotion, such as were anciently set in market places. 4» Any thing in the form of a cross or gibbet. 5. A line drawn through another. 6. Any thing that thwarts, obstructs, or per- plexes 3 hinderance ; vexation ; misfortune ; opposition ; trial of patience. 7 Money or coin stamped with the figure of a cross. 8. The right side or face of a coin, stamped with a cross. 9. The mark of a cross, instead of a signature, on a deed, formerly impressed by those who could not write. 10. Church lands in Ireland. — IJ. In theology, the sufferings of Christ by crucifixion. 12. The doctrine of Christ's sufferings and of the atonement, or of salvation by Christ. — To take up the cross, is to sub- mit to troubles and afflictions from love to Christ. — 13. In mining, two nicks cut in the surface of the earth, thus -j-, — Cross and pile, a play with money. CROSS, a. 1. Transvei-se ; oblique ; passing from side to side 3 falling athwart. 2. Adverse 3 opposite 3 ob- structing. 3. Perverse 3 untractable. 4. Peevish 3 fret- ful 3 ill-humored. 5. Contrary 3 contradictory 3 perplex- ing. 6. Adverse 5 unfortunate. 7. Interchanged 5 as, a cross marriage. 8. Noting what belongs to an adverse party. CROSS, prep. Athwart 3 transversely 3 over 3 from side to side 3 so as to intersect. Dryden. CROSS, V. t. 1. To draw or run a line, or lay a body across another. 2. To erase ; to cancel. 3. To make the sign of the cross, as Catholics in devotion. 4. To pass from side to side ; to pass or move over. 5. To thwart 3 to obstruct 3 to hinder 5 to embarrass. 6. To counteract ; to clash or interfere with 5 to be inconsistent with. 7. To counteract or contravene 3 to hinder by au tbority 3 to stop. 8. To contradict. Honker. 9. To de- bar or preclude. — To cross the breed of an animal, is to produce young from different varieties of the species. CROSS, V. i. 1. To lie or be athwart. 2. To move or pass laterally, or from one side towards the other, or from place to place. 3. To pe inconsistent 3 [not iwed.] Sid ncy, CRO'SS'-ARMED, a. With arms across. — lnlotany,hra.fm- ate 3 decussated 3 having branches in paiis, each at right angles with the next. CR OSS'- AR- ROW, n. An arrow of a cross-bow. Beaumont and Fletcher. CROSS'-BARRED, a. Secured bv transverse bars. CROSS'-BAR-SHOT, n. A bullet with an iron bar passing through it. CR03S'-BEaR-ER, 71. In the Romish church, the chaplain of an archbishop, who bears a cross before him. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long—FKU, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— t Obsolete. CRO 209 CRO t/ROSS -BILL, n. In chancery, an original bill by which the defendant prays relief against the plaintiff. €ROSS'-BILL, n. A species of bird. €ROSS'-BITE, 71. A deception ; a cheat. L^Estrange. €ROSS'-BITE, V. t. To thwart or contravene by deception. €ROSS'-BoW, n. In archery, a missive weapon formed by placiiig a bow athwart a stock. €KOSS'-BoW-ER, n. One who shoots with a cross-bow. €ROSS'-BUN, n. A cake marked with the form of a cross. CROSS'eUT, V. t. To cut across. €ROSS'€UT-SAW, n. A saw managed by two men, one at each end. €ROSSED, pp. Having a line drawn over ; canceled ; eras- ed ; passed ovei- 3 thwarted ; opposed ; obstructed ; coun- €ROSS'-E*X-AM-IN-A TION, n. The examination or in- terrogation of a witness, called by one party, by the oppo- site party or his counsel. €ROSSi-EX-AM'iNE, v. t. To examine a witness by the opposite party or his counsel, as the witness for the plain- tiff by the defendant, and vice versa. Kent. €ROSS'-EX-AM'INED, pp. Examined or interrogated by the opposite party. €ROSS'-FLoW, V. i. To flow across. Milton. €ROSS'-GRaIN£D, a. 1. Having the grain or fibres across or inegular. 2. Perverse; untractable; not con- descending. €ROSS'iiVG, ppr. Drawing; running or passing a line over ; erasing ; canceling ; thwarting ; opposing ; coun- teracting ; passing over. €ROSS'ING, 71. A thwarting ; impediment ; vexation. eROSS'-JA€K, (kro-jeck) n. A sail extended on the lower yard of the mizzen-mast ; but seldom used. CROSS'-LEGGED, a. Having the legs across. €ROSS'LET. See Croslet. €ROSS'LY, adv. 1. Athwart ; so as to intersect something else. 2. Adversely; in opposition; unfortunately. 3. Peevishly; fretfully. €ROSS'NESS, n. Peevishness ; fretfulness ; ill-humor ; per- verseness. CROSS'-PIeCE, n. A rail of timber extending over the windlass of a snip. €ROSS'-PUR-POSE, n. A contrary purpose ; contradictory system ; also, a conversation in which one person does or pretends to misunderstand another's meaning. An enig- ma ; a riddle. €ROSS'-aUES-TrON, V. t. To cross-examine. eaOSS'-RoW, 71. l. The alphabet, so named because a cross is placed at the beginning, to show that the end of learning Js piety. 2. A row that crosses others. €ROSS'-SeA, 71. Waves running across others; a swell running in different directions. CROSS'-STAFF, n. An instrument to take the altitude of the sun or stars. eilOSS'-STONE, 71. A mineral, called also harmotome, and staurolite. CROSS'-TlN-ING, n. In htisbandry, a harrowing by draw- ing the harrow or drag back and forth on the same ground. CROSS'-TREES, n. In ships, certain pieces of timber, sup- ported by the cheeks and trestle-trees, at the upper ends of the lower masts. CROSSi-WAY, orCROSS'-RoAD, n. A way or road that crosses another road or the chief road ; an obscure path intersecting the main road. €ROSS'-WIND, 71. A side wind ; an unfavorable wind. CROSS'-WISE, adv. Across ; in the form of a cross. €ROSS'-W0RT, 71. A plant of the genus valantia. eROTCH, n. [Fr. croc] 1. A fork or forking; the parting of two legs or branches.— 2. In ships, a crooked timber placed on the keel, in the fore and aft parts of a ship. 3. A piece of wood or iron, opening on the top, and extend- ing two horns or arms, like a half moon. €ROTCHED, a. Having a crotch ; forked. CROTCH'ET, 71. [Fr. crochet, croche.] 1. In prirt xag, a hook including words, a sentence or a passage distin- guished from the rest, thus [ ].— 2. In music, a note or character, equal in time to half a minim, and the double of a quaver, thus f. 3. A piece of wood reseribling a fork, used as a support in building. 4. A peculiar turn of the mind ; a whim, or fancy ; a perverse conceit. eROTCH'ET, V. i. To play in a measured time of music. eROTCH'ET-ED, a. Marked with crotchets. CROUCH, V. i. [G. kriechen, kroch, krbche.] 1. To bend down ; to stoop low ; to lie close to the ground ; as an animal. 2. To bend servilely ; to stoop meanly ; to fawn ; to cringe. t CROUCH, V. t. To sign with the cross ; to bless. CROUCH'-BACK. See Crookback. CROUCH'ED-FRI'ARS, 71. An order of friars, so called from the cross which they wore. CROUCH'ING, ppr. Bending ; stooping ; cringing. CROUD. See Crowd. CROUP, } n. [Scot, croup, crope, crupe.] The disease called CROOP, \ technically cynanche trachealis, an affection of the throat, accompanied with a hoarse, diflScult respira- tion. It is vulgarly called rattles. CROUP, ) n. [Fr croM/^e.] 1. The rump of a fowl ; the CROOP, ) buttocks of a horse, or extremity of the reins above the hips. 2. [Scot, croup.] The cynanche trache- alis, a disease of the throat. CRoU-PaDE', ) 7t. In the maneg-e, a leap in which the CROO-PaDE', \ horse pulls up his hind legs, as if he drew them up to his belly. CROUT, ) n. [G. kraut.] Sour crout Is made by laying KROUT, ) mmced or chopped caobage in layers in a bar- rel, with a handful of salt and caraway seeds between the layers, then ramming down the whole, covering it, pressing it with a heavy weight, and suffering it to stand till it has gone through fermentation It is an efficacious preservative against scurvy. CRoW, 71. [Sax. crawe.] 1. A large black fowl, of the ge- nus corvus. — To pluck or pull a crow, is to be industrioua or contentious about a trifle. 2. A bar of iron with a beak, crook or two claws, used in raising and moving heavy weights. 3. The voice of the cock. CRoW, V. i.; pret. and pp. crowed ; formerly, pret. crew. [Sax. crawan.] 1. To cry or make a noise as a cock, in joy, gayety or defiance. 2. To boast in triumph ; to vaunt ; to vapor ; to swagger. Grandison. CRoW-BAR, n. A bar of iron sharpened at one end, used as^a lever for raising weights. CRoW'-BER-RY, 71. A plant of the genus empetrum. CRoW'S'-BlLL, 71. In surgery, a kind of forceps for ex- tracting bullets and other things from wounds. t CRo WiS'-FEET, 7). The wrinkles under the eyes, which are the effects of age. Chaucer. CRoW'-FLOW-ER, //. A kind of campion. CRoW'-FQOT, n. 1. On hoard of ships, a complication of small cords spreading out from a long block. — 2. In botany, tlie ranunculus, a genus of plants. CRoW'S'-FOOT, n. In the military art, a meichine of iron, wjth fom- points ; a caltrop. CRoW'lNG, ppr. Uttering a particular voice, as a cock • boasting in triumph ; vaunting ; bragging. t CROW'-KEEP-ER, n. A scarecrow. Shak. CRoW'-NET, n. In England, a net for catching wild fowls ; the net used in A''ew England for catching wild pigeons. CRoW'-SILK,' 71. A plant, the conferva rivalis. CRoW'-TOE, 71. A plant ; as the tufl;ed crow-toe. CROWD, or CROWTH, 71. [Ir. cruit.] An instrument of music with six strings; a kind of violin. CROWD, n. [SvLX. cruth, cread.] 1. Property, a collection ; a number of things collected, or closely pressed together. 2. A number of persons congregated and pressed together, or collected into a close body without order ; a throng. 3. A multitude ; a great number collected. 4. A number of tilings near together ; a number promiscuously assem- bled or lying near each other. 5. The lower orders of people ; the populace ; the vulgar. CROWi), V. t. 1. To press ; to urge ; to drive together 2. To fill by pressing numbers together without order. 3. To fill to excess. 4. To encumber by multitudes. 5. To urge ; to press by solicitation ; to dun. — 6. In seaman- ship, to crowd sail, is to carry an extraordinary force of sail, with a view to accelerate the course of a ship, as in chasing or escaping from an enemy ; to carry a press of sail. CROWD, v.i. 1. To press in numbers. 2. To press; to urge forward. 3. To swarm or be numerous. CROWDED, pp. Collected and pressed ; pressed together ; urged ; driven ; filled by a promiscuous multitude. CROWD'ER, n. A fiddler ; on6 who plays on a crowd. CROWD'ING,;?pr. Pressing together ; pushing; thrusting; driving; assembling in a promiscuous multitude; filling; urging. CROWD'Y, n. Meal and water, sometimes mixed with milk. Grose. CivOWN, 7(. [Fr. courov7ie.] 1. An ornament worn on the head by kings and sovereign princes, as a badge of impe- rial or regal power and dignity. Figuratively, regal power ; royalty ; kingly government, or executive au- thority. ^. A wreath or garland. 3. Hortorary distinc- tion ; reward. 4. Honor ; splendor ; dignity. 5. The top of the head ; the top of a mountain or other elevated object. The end of an anchor. 6. The part of a hat which covers the top of the head. 7. A coin anciently stamped with the figure of a crown. 8. Completion ; ac- complishment. 9. Clerical tonsure in a circular form ; a little circle shaved on the top of the head, as a mark of ecclesiastical office or distinction. — 10. Among jewelers, the upper work of a rose diamond. — 11. In botany, an ap- pendage to the top of a seed, which serves to bear it in the wind. CROWN, V. t. 1. To invest with a crown or regal orna- ment. Hence, to invest with regal dignity ana power. * See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITS.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH ! 14 : in this, f Obsolete CRU 210 CRU 2 To cover, as with a crown ; to cover the top. 3. To honor ; to dignify ; to adorn. 4. To reward ; to bestow an honorary reward or distinction on. 5. To reward ; to recompense. 6. To terminate or finish ; to complete ; to perfect. 7. To terminate and reward. CROWNED, pp. Invested with a crown, or with regal power and dignity ; honored ; dignified ; rewarded with a crown, wreath, garland or distinction 3 recompensed; terminated 5 completed ; perfected. CROWN'ER, n. He or that whicli crowns or completes. OROVVN'ET, ?(. A coronet, which see. Shakspeare has used it for chief end or last purpose ; but this sense is singular. CROWN'-GLaSS, n. The finest sort of English window- glass. CROWN'-IM-Pe'RI-AL, n. A plant of the genus /?-i£iZZana, having a beautiful flower. €ROWN'ING, ppr. Investmg with a crown, or with royal- ty or supreme power ; honoring with a wreath or with distinction ; adoniing ; rewarding ; finishing ; perfect- ing. €ROWN'ING, n. 1. In architecture, the finishing of a member or any ornamental worit. — 2. In marine lan- guage, the finishing part of a knot, or interweaving of the strands. €ROWN'-OF-FiCE, n. In England, an office belonging to the court of King's Bench, of which the king's coroner or attorney is commonly master, and in which the attorney- general and clerk exhibit informations for crimes and misdemeanors. CROWN'-PoST, n. In building, a post which stands up- light in the middle, between two principal rafters. €ROWN'-S€AB, n. A scab formed round the corners of a horse's hoof, a cancerous and painful sore. €ROWN'-THIS-TLE, n. A flower. €ROWN'-WHEEL, n. In a watch, the upper wheel next the balance. €ROWN'-W6RK, n. In fortification, an out- work running into the field, consisting of two demi-bastions at the ex- tremes, and an entire bastion in the middle, with cur- tains. €ROYL'STONE, n. Crystalized cauk. in which the crystals are small. Johnson. €RU'CIAL, a. [Fr. cruciale.] In surgery, transverse ; pass- iiig across ; intersecting ; in form of a cross. €RU'CIAN, n. A short, thick, broad fish, of a deep yellow color. eilO'CIATE, v.t. [L. crude. ] To torture; to torment; to afflict with extreme pain or distress ; but the verb is sel- dom used. See Excruciati:. CRU'CIATE, a. Tormented. [Little used.] €RU-CI-A'TION, 71. The act of torturing; torment. [Little used.] Hall, €RtJ'Ci-BLE, n. [It. crogiiiolo and crociuolo.] 1. A chem- ical vessel or melting pot, made of earth, and so tempered and baked, as to endure extreme heat without melting. It is used for melting ores, metals, &c. 2. A hollow place at the bottom of a chemical furnace. €RU-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [Ju. crucifcr.] Bearing the cross. Dict_ €Rtf'CI-Fl-ER, n. A person who cnicifies ; one who puts aiiother to death on a cross, €RU'CI-FIX, n. [L. crucifixvs.] 1. A cross on which the body of Christ is fastened in effigy. 2. A representation, in painting or statuary, of our Lord fastened to the cross. 3. M^rati-yeZ?/, the religion of Christ; [little used.] Tay- lor. eRU-CI-FIX'ION, n. The nailing or fastening of a person to a cross, for the purpose of putting him to death ; the act or punishment of putting a criminal to death by nailing him to a cross. €Ru'CI-FORM, a. [L. crux and forma.] Cross-shaped.— In botany, consisting of four equal petals, disposed in the form of a cross. f.'RCCI-F'?, V. t. [L. crucifigo ; Fr. crucifier.] 1. To nafl to a cross ; to put to death by nailing the hands and feet to a cross or gibbet. 2. In Scriptural language, to sub- due ; to mortify ; to destroy the jx)wer or ruling influence of. 3. To reject and despise. 4. To vex or torment ; [not v^edj] Burton. €RU'CI-FY-ING, ppr. Putting to death on a cross or gib- bet ; subduing ; destroying the fife and power of. €RU-ClG'ER-OUS, a. [L. cruciger.] Bearing the cross. €RUD, 7?. Curd. See Curd, the usual orthography. eRfJD'DLE, V. i. To curdle ; also, to stoop. Brockett. CRUDE, a. [L. crudus.] 1. Raw ; not cooked or prepared by fire or heat ; in its natural state ; undressed. 2. Not changed from its natural state ; not altered or prepared by any artificial process. 3. Rough ; harsh ; unripe ; not mellowed by air or other means. 4. Unconcocted; not well digested in the stomach. 5. Not brought to perfec- tion ; unfinished ; immature. 6. Having indigested no- tions. 7. Indigested ; not matured ; not well formed, arranged or prepared in the intellect. eRCDE'LY, adv. Without due preparation ; without form or arrangement ; without maturity or digestion. GRCfDE'NESS, n. 1. Rawness ; unripeness ; an undigested or unprepared state. 2. A state of being unformed, cr indigested ; immatureness. CRtJ'DI-TY, n. [L. cruditas.] Rawness ; crudeness. — Among physicians, undigested substances in the stomach, €RUD'LE, V. t. To coagulate. But this word is generally written curdle, which see. fCRUD'Y, a. 1. Concreted; coagulated. Spenser. 2. Raw; chill. Skak. €RU'EL, a. [Fr. cruel ; L. crudelis.] Disposed to give pain to others, in body or mind ; willing or pleased to torment, vex or afflict ; inhuman ; destitute of pity, compassion or kindness ; fierce ; ferocious ; savage ; barbarous ; hard- hearted ; applied to persons. CRu'EL-LY, adv. 1. In a cruel manner ; with cruelty 3 inhmnanly ; bcubarousiy. 2. Painfully ; with severe pain, or torture. €RU'EL-NESS, n. Inhumanity ; cruelty. Spenser. €Rtf'EL-TY, n. [L. crudelitas ; Fi.cruaute.] 1. Inhuman ity ; a savage or barbarous disposition or temper, which is gratified in giving unnecessary pain or distress to others ; barbarity ; applied to persons. Shak. 2. Barbarous deed ; any act of a human being which inflicts unnecessary pain ; any act intended to torment, vex or afflict, or which actually torments or afflicts, without necessity ; wrong ; injustice ; oppression. €RU'EN-TATE, a. [L. cruentatus.] Smeared with blood. [Little used.] Olanville. €RU-ENT'OUS, a. [L. cruentus,] Bloody. €RU'ET, n. [Fr. cruchette.] A vial, or small glass bottle, for holding vinegar, oil, &;c. €RuISE, n. [D. kroes.] A small cup. See Cruse. CRUISE, V. i. [D. kruissen.] To sail back and forth, or to rove on the ocean in search of an enemy's ships for cap- ture, or for protecting commerce ; or to rove for plunder as^ a pirate. CRUISE, 72. A voyage made in crossing courses ; a sailing to and fro in search of an enemy's ships, or by a pirate in' search of plunder. CRulS'ER, n. A person or a ship that cruises ; usuafly, an armed ship that sails to and fro for capturing an enemy 's ships, for protecting the commerce of the country, or for plunder. €RulS'ING, ppr. Sailing for the capture of an enemy's shi^s, or for protecting commerce, or for plunder as a pirate. €RUM, n. [Sax. cruma.] A small fragment or piece ; usu- ally, a small piece of bread or other food, broken or cut off. €RUM, V. t. To break or cut into small pieces. CRUM'BLE, V. t. [D. kruimelen; G. krilmeln.] To break into small pieces ; to divide into minute parts. CRUM'RLE, v.i. 1. To fail into small pieces ; to break or part into small fragments. 2. To fall to decay ; to per- ish. €RUM'BLED, pp. Broken or parted into small pieces. CRUM'BLING, ppr. Breaking into small fragments ; falling mto small pieces ; decaying. t €RU'ME-NAL, n. [L, crumena.] A purse. Spenser. €RUM'MA-BLE, a. Capable of being broken into small pieces. CRUM'MY, a. FuUofcrums; soft. CRUMP, a. [Sax. crump.] Crooked; as, crwTTip-shouldered. CRUMP'ET, 71. A sofl cake. CRUM'PLE, V. i. To draw or press into wrinkles or folds .; to rumple. Addison. CRUM'PLE, v.i. To contract; to shrink. Smitn. CRUM'PLED, pp. Drawn or pressed into wrinkles. €RUM'PLING, ppr. Drawing or pressing into wrinkles. CRUMTLING, n. A small, degenerate apple. t IrunIlle, I '"' '■ 'To ""'y "^« ^ <=^^°«- CRU'OR, n. [L J Gore ; coagulated blood. CRUP, or CRCUP, n. The buttocks. t €RUP, a. Short ; brittle. * €RyP'PER, 71. [Fr. crovpiere.] 1. In the manege, the buttocks of a horse ; the rump. 2. A strap of leather which is buckled to a saddle, and, passmg under a horse's tail, prevents the saddle from being cast forward on to the horee's neck. * CRUP'PER, V. t. To put a crupper on. €RU''RAL, a. [L. cruralis.] Belonging to the leg; as the crural artery, v/hich conveys blood to the legs, and the crural vein, which returns it, CRU-SaDE', n. [Fr, croisade.] A military expedition, tm- dertaken by Christians, for the recovery of the Holy Land, the scene of our Savior's life and sufierings, from the power of infidels or Mohammedans. €RU-SaDE', n. A Portuguese coin, stamped with a cross. CRU-SaD'ER, 71. A person engaged in a crusade. €RU-Sa'DO, 71. The same as crusade. CRUSE, n. [D. kroes.] A small cup,— In JVew England, it * See Synopsis. A £, I 5 U Y ioft^— FAR, FALL, WHA'J' ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— ^ Obsolete CRY 211 CUB is used chiefly or wholly for a small bottle or vial for vin- egaB called a vinegar-cruse. CRU'SET, «. [Fr. creuset.] A goldsmith's crucible or melt- ing pot. Phillips. €RUSH, V. t. [Fr. ecraser ; Sw. krossa.] 1. To press and bruise between two hard bodies ; to squeeze, so as to force a thing out of its natural shape ; to bruise by pres- sure 2. To press with violence ; to force together into a mass. 3. To overwhelm by pressure ; to beat or force down, by an incumbent weight, with breaking or bruis- ing. 4. To overwhelm by power ; to subdue ; to conquer beyond resistance. 5. To oppress grievously. 6. To bruise and break into fine particles by beating or grinding ; to comminute. €RUSH, V. i. To be pressed into a smaller compass by ex- ternal weight or force. CRUSH, n. A violent collision, or rushing together, which breaks or bruises the bodies; or a fall that breaks or bruises into a confused mass. €RUSH a Cup. To empty a cup ; to drink together. Shak. CRUSHED, pp. Pressed or squeezed so as to break or bruise; overwhelmed or subdued by power; broken or bruised by a fall ; grievously oppressed ; broken or bruised to powder; comminuted. GRUSH'ER, 71. A violent breaker. €RUSH'ING, ppr. Pressing or squeezing into a mass, or until broken or bruised ; overwhelming ; subduing by force ; oppressing ; comminuting. €RUST, n. [L. ci-iista.] 1. An external coat or covering of a thing, which is hard, or harder than the internal sub- stance. 2. A piece of crust ; a waste piece of bread. 3. A shell, as the hard covering of a crab and some other animals. 4. A scab. 5. The superficial substances of the earth are, in ffsology, called its crust. €RUST, V. t. 1. To cover with a hard case or coat ; to spread over the surface a substance harder than the mat- ter covered. 2. To cover with concretions. CRUST, V. i. To gather or contract into a hard covering ; to concrete or freeze, as superficial matter. CRUS-TA-CE-OL'O-GY. See Crustalogt. CRUS-Ta'CEOUS, a. [Fr. crustacee.] Pertaining to crust ; like crust ; of the nature of crust or shell. Cmstaceojts animals, or Crustacea, have a crust or shell composed of several jointed pieces. CRUS-Ta'CEOUS-NESS, n. The quality of having a soft and jointed shell. CRUS-TA-L06'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to crustalogv. CRUS-TAiyO-filST, 71. One who describes, or is versed in the science of crustaceous animals. CRUS-TAL'0-6Y, n. [L. crusta, and Gr. \oyos,] That part of zoology which treats of crv^taceous animals. CRUST'A-TED, a. Covered with a crust. CRUS-Ta'TION, 71. An adherent crust ; incrustation. CRUST'ED, pp. Covered with a crust. CRUST'I-LY, adv. Peevishly ; harshly ; moroselv. CRUST'I-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of crust; hardness. 2. Peevishness ; moroseness ; surliness. CRUST'ING, pp: Covering with crust. CRUST'Y, a. 1. Like crust; of the nature of crust; per- taining to a hard covering; hard. 2. Peevish; snap- pish ; morose ; surly. CRUTCH, 71. [It. croccia.] 1. A staff with a curving cross- piece at the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder, to support the lame in walking. 2. Figuratively, old age. CRUTCH, v.t. To support on cratches ; to prop or sustain, with miserable helps, that which is feeble. CRUX, n. [L.] Any thing that puzzles and vexes. [Little used.] Dr. Sheridan. CRu'YS-HA6E, 71. A fish of the shark kind. CRU-Za'DO. See Crusado. €R^, v. i. ; pret. and pp. cried. [Fr. a-ier.] 1. To utter a loud voice; to speak, call or exclaim with vehemence. 2. To call importunately ; to utter a loud voice, by way of earnest request or prayer. 3. To utter a loud voice in weeping ; to utter the voice of son-ow ; to lament. 4. To utter a loud sound in distress. 5. To exclaim ; to utter a loud voice ; with out. 6. To proclaim ; to utter a loud voice, in giving public notice. 7. To bawl ; to squall ; as a child. 8. To yelp, as a dog. It may be used for the uttering of a loud voice by other animals. — To cry against, to exclaim, or utter a loud voice, by way of reproof, threatening or censure. — To cry out. 1, To exclaim ; to vociferate ; to scream ; to clamor. 2. To complain loudly. — To cry out against, to complain loudly, with a view to censure ; to blame ; to utter censure. — To cry to, to call on in prayer ; to implore. CRY, 75. t. To proclaim ; to name loudly and publicly for giving notice. — To cry down. 1. To decry ; to depreciate by words or in writing ; to dispraise ; to condemn. 2. To overbear. — To cry up, to praise ; to applaud ; to extol. CRY, n.; plu. Cries. 1. In a general sense, a loud sound ut- tered by the mouth of an animal ; applicable to the voice of man or beast, and articulate or inarticulate. 2. A loud or vehement sound, uttered in weeping, or lamentation j it may be a shriek or scream. 3. Clamor; outcry. 4 Exclamation of triumph, of wonder, or of other passion 5. Proclamation ; public notice. 6. The notices of hawk- ers of wares to be sold in the street are called cries, 7 Acclamation ; expression of popular favor. 8. A loud voice in distress, prayer or request; importunate call. 9. Public reports or complaints ; noise ;, fame. 10. Bitter complaints of oppression and injustice, 11. The sound or voice of irrational animals; expression of joy, fright, alarm or want. 12. A pack of dogs. CRY'AL, 71. [W. cregyr.] The heron. Ainsworth CRY'ER, n. A crier, which see. CR'f'ER, 71. A kind of hawk, called the falcon gentle, an enemy to pigeons, and very swift. CRY'ING, ppr. Uttering aloud voice ; proclaiming, &c. CR^'ING, a . Notorious ; common : great. Addison. CRY'ING, n. Importunate call ; clamor; outcry. CRY'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. K^vog and \iQoi.] A fluate of soda and alumin, found in Greenland. CRY-OPH'0-RUS, n. [Gr. /cpuos and ^opew.] Frost-bearer an instrument for showing the relation between evapora- tion at low temperatures and the production of cold CRYPT, n. [Gr. x-puTrrw.] A subterranean cell or cave , especially under a church, for the Interment of persons , also, a subterranean chape] or oratory, and the grave of a martyr. CRYP'TI-CAL 1 "■' Hi, n. An engine for punishing scolds and refractory women ; also brewers and bakers ; called also a tumbrel and a trebuchet. €Lr€K'OLD, n. [Chaucer, cokewold ; Fr. cocu.] A man whose wife is false to his bed ; the husband ot an adul- teress. eUCK'OLD, V. t. 1. To make a man a cuckold by crimi- nal conversation with his wife. 2. To make a husband a cuckold by criminal conversation with another man. eU€K'0LD-D6M, n. The act of adultery ; tlie state of a cuckold. Dryden. eU€K'OLD-LY, a. Having the qualities of a cuckold ; mean ; sneaking. Shak. €U€K'OLD-Ma'KER, n. One who has criminal conversa- tion with another man's wife ; one who makes a cuckold. Dryden. eyCK'OO, n. [L. cuculus ; Fr. cou/:ou.] A bhd of the genus "cuculus, whose name is supposed to be called from its note. CTJCK'OO-FLOW'ER, or €U€K'00-BUD, n. A plant, a species of cardaraine. €U€K'00-PINT, n. A plant of the genus arum. €U€K'00-SPIT, \ n. A dew or exudation found on ei.J€K'00-SPIT'TLE, \ plants, especially about Jie joints of lavender and rosemary, t eU€'Q,UEAN, n. [Fr. coquine.] A vile, lewd woman. €U'CUL-LATE, ) a. [L. cucullatus.] 1. Hooded ; cowl- eC'€UL-LA-TED, \ ed ; covered as with a hood. 2. Having the shape or resemblance of a hood ; or wide at tlie top, and dmwn to a point below, in shape of a conical roll of paper. *€u'CUM-BER, 71. [Fr. coucombre, or concombre ; from h. cucumcr, or cucamis.] The name of a plant and its fruit . of the genus cucumis. eU'€UR-BIT, 71. [L. cucurbita.] A chemical vessel in the shape of a gourd ; but some of them are shallow, with a wide mouth. €TI-eUR-BI-TACEOUS, a. Resembling a gourd. eUD, n. 1. The food which ruminating animals chew at leisure, when not grazing or eating ; cr that portion of it which is brought from the iirst stomach and chewed at once. 2. A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and chewed. 3. The inside of the mouth or throat of a beast that chews the cud. f eUD'DEN, or j CUD'DY, n. A clown ; a low rustic ; a dolt. Dryden. eUD'DLE, V. i. [Arm. cuddyo.] To retire from sight; to lie close or snug ; to squat. Prior. eUD'DY, 71. 1. In ships, an apartment; a cabin under the poop, or a cook-room. 2. The cole-fish. €UD'6EL, n. [W. cogel.] A short, thick stick of wood, such as may be used by the hand in beating. — To cross the cudgels, to forbear the contest ; a phrase borrowed from the practice of cudgel-players, who lay one cudgel over another. €CJD'6EL, V. t. 1. To beat with a cudgel or thick stick. Swift. 2. To beat in general. Shak. €UD'6EL-ER, n. One who beats with a cudgel. €UD'GEL-PROOF, a. Able to resist a cudgel 3 not to be hurt by beating. Iludibras. CUD'LE, 71. A small sea-fish. Carew. CUD'WEED, n. A plant of the genuse-napftaZtMTa. CUE, n. [Fr. queue ; L. cauda.] 1. The tail ; the end ol a thing, as the long curl of a wig, or a long roll of hair. 2. The last words of a speech, which a nlayer, who is to an- swer, catches, and regards as an intimation to begin. A hint given to an actor on the stage, what or when to speak. 3. A hint ; an intimation ; a short direction. 4. The pait which any man is to play in his turn. 5. Humor ; turn or temper of mind ; \yulgar.] 6. A farthing or far- thing's worth. 7. The straight rod used in playing bill- iards. CUER'PO, (kwer'po) n. [Sp. cuerpo.] To be tn cuerpo, ox to walk in cuerpo, are Spanish phrases for being without a cloke or upper garment, or without the formalities of a full dress. CUFF, n. 1. A blow with the fipt ; a stroke ; a box. 2. It is used of fowls that fight with theu: talons. — To be at fisty-cuffs, to fight with blows of the fist, CUFF, V. t. To strike with the fist, as a man ; or with tal- ons or wings, as a fowl. Drvden. CUFF, V. i. To fight ; to scuffle. Dryden. CUFF, n. The fold at the end of a sleeve; the part of a sleeve turned back from the hand- €UI-Bo'NO. [A Latin expression often %ised.J For what purpose ; to what end, CUIN'AGE, n. The making up of tin into pigs, &c., for carriage. Bailey. *CUI-RASS', (kwe-ras')n. [Fi. cuirasse.} A breast-plate ) a piece of defensive armor. CUIR-AS-SIeR', (kwer-as-seer') n. A soldier Mmed with a cuirass, or breast-plate. Milton. * CUISH, (kwis) n. [Fr. cuisse.] Defensive armor for iiie thighs. Dryden. CUL'DEE, n. [L. cultores Dei.] A monkish priest, remark- able for religious duties. The Culdees formerly inhabited Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. C\j'LER-A6E, n. [Fr. cul.] Another name of the arse- smart. CU'LI-CI-FORM, a. [L. culex.] Of the form or shape of a flea ; resembling a flea. Cu'LI-NA-RY, a. [L. culinarius.] Relating to the kitchen, or to the art of cookery ; used in kitchens, JSTewton. CULL, n. A fool ; one "who is easily imposed upon. See Cully, CULL, V. t. [qu. Fr. cueillir.] To pick out; to separate one or more things from others ; to select from many. Pope. CULLED, pp. Picked out ; selected from many. CUL'LEN-DER, n. A strainer. See Colander, eULL'ER, n . One who picks or chooses from many ; an inspector who selects merchantable hoops and staves foi market. CULL-I-BIL'I-TY, 77. Credulity; easiness of belief. Swift GUliLi'lNG, ppr. Selecting; choosing fi-om many. CULL'ING, n. Any thing separated or selected from E mass ; refuse. Drayton. CULL'ION, (kul'yun) n. [It. coglione.] 1. A mean wretch If from cully, one easily deceived ; a dupe. Dryden. 2 [L. colcus.] A round or bulbous root ; orchis. tCULL'ION-LY, fi. Mean; base. Shak. CUL'LIS, n. [Fr. coulis.] 1. Broth of boiled meat strained 2. A kixid of ielly. CUL'LUM-BINE. See Columbine. CULLY, n. A person who is meanly deceived, tricked or imposed on, as by a sharper, jilt or strumpet; a mean dupe CULL'Y, V. t. [D. kullen.] To deceive ; to trick, cheat or impose on ; to jilt. CULL'Y-ISM, 7?.. The state of a cully. [Cully and its de- rivatives are not elegant words.] CULM, n. [L. culmus.] 1. In botany, the stalk or stem of corn and grasses, usually jointed and hollow, and sup- porting the leaves and fructification. 2, The straw or dry stalks of corn and grasses. 3. A species of fossil coal . CUL'MEN,7i. [L.] Summit. Sir T. Herbert. S^ Synopsis. A, E, !, o, C, ■?, Zo«o-.-FA]l, FALL, WH^iT ;— PRgY ;— HN, MARINE, BIRD;— ^ Cbsolete. CUM 213 CUP €UL-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. culmus and fero.] Prnducing stalks. Culmiferous plants have a smooth jointed stalk, and their seeds contained in chaffy husKs, as wheat, rye, oats and barley. €UL'MI-NATE, v. i. [L. culmen.] To be vertical ; to come or be in the meridian 3 to be in the highest point of alti- tude, as a planet. eUL-MI-NA'TION, n. 1. The transit of a planet over the meridian, or liighest point of altitude for the day. 2. Top 3 crown. €UL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. Blamableness ; culpableness. eUL'PA-BLE, a. [Low L. culpabilis.] 1. Blamable ; de- serving censure ; as the person who has done wrong, or the act, conduct or negligence of the person. 2. SiJiful ; criminal ; immoral ; faulty. 3. Guilty of; [not used.'' eUL'PA-BLE-NESS, 71. Blamableness 3 guilt 3 the quality of (ieserving blame. eUL'PA-BLY, adv. Blamably 3 in a faulty manner 5 in a manner to merit censure. eUL'PRIT, 71. 1. A person arraigned in court for a crime. 2. Any person convicted of a crime 3 a criminal. €UL'TER, 71. [L.] A colter, which sec. eUL'TI-VA-BLE, fl. Capable of being tilled or cultivated. Edwards, W. Ind. €UL'TI-VATE, w. «. [Yi.cultiver.'] 1. To till 3 to prepare for crops 5 to manure, plough, dress, sow and reap ; to la- bor on, manage and imijrove in husbandry. 2. To im- prove by labor or study 3 to advance the growth of ; to refine and improve by correction of faults and esilarge- ment of powers or good qualities. 3. To study 5 to labor to improve or advance. 4. To cherish 3 to foster ; to labor to promote and increase. 5. To improve j to meliorate, or to labor to make better 3 to correct 3 to civilize. 6. To raise or produce by tillage. €UL'TI-VA-TED, pp. Tilled 3 improved in excellence or condition 3 corrected and enlarged ; cherished 3 melior- ated 3 civilized 3 produced by tillage. €UL'TI-VA-TING, ppr. Tilling; preparing for crops ; im- proving in worth of good qualities 5 meliorating 3 enlar- ging 3 correcting 3 fostering 3 civilizing 3 producing by tillage. CUL-TI-Va'TION, n. 1. The art or practice of tilling and preparing for crops 5 husbandry 3 the management of land. 2. Study, care and practice directed to improvement, cor- rection, enlargement or increase 3 the application of the means of improvement. 3. The producing bv tillasfe. eUL'TI-VA-TOR, n. 1. One who tills or prepares land for crops 3 one who manages a farm, or carries on tlie opera- tions of husbandry in genera! 5 a farmer 5 a husbandman 3 an agriculturist. 2. One who studies or labors to im- prove, to promote and advance in good qualities, or in growth. €UL'TRA-TED, a. [L. cuUratus.} Sliarp-edged and point- ed 3 formed like a knife. eULT'URE, 71. [L. c?iZa«-a.] 1. The act of tilling and pre- paring the earth for crops 5 cultivation 3 tlie application of labor or other means of improvement. 2. The applica tion of labor or other means to improve good qualities in, or growth. 3. The application of labor or other means in producing. 4. Any labor or means employed for improve- ment, correction or growth. eULT'URE, V. t. To cultivate. Thomson. €UL'VER, 71. [Sax. culfer, culfra.] A pigeon or wood- pigeon. Thomson. eUL'VER-HOUSE, n. A dove-cote. Harmar. €UL'VER-IN, 71. [Pr. couleuvrine.] A long, slender piece of ordnance or artillery, sei-ving to carry a ball to a great distance. €UL'VER-KeY, n. A plant or flower. Walton. CrjL'VERT, 71, A passage under a road or canal, covered with a bridge 5 an arched drain for the passage of water. CUL'VER-TAIL, n. Dove-tail, in joinery and carventry. €UL'VER-TAILED, a. United or fastened, as pieces of timber, by a dove-tailed joint. €UM'BENT, a. [L. cumbo.] Lying down. eUM'BER, V. t. [Dan. hummer.] 1. To load or crowd. 2. To check, stop or retard, as by a load or weight 3 to make motion difficult 3 to obstruct. 3. To penplex or embar- rass 5 to distract or trouble. 4. To trouble 3 to be trouble- some to 3 to cause trouble or obstruction in, as any thing useless. Thus, brambles cumber a garden or field. €IJM'BER, 71. Hinderance 5 obstruction 3 burdensomeness 3 embarrassment 3 disturbance 5 distress. [ This word is now scarcely used.] €UM'BER-S6ME, a. 1. Troublesome ; burdensome 5 em- barrassing 5 vexatious. 2. Unwieldy 3 umnanageable 3 not easily borne or managed. €UM'BER-S6ME-LY, adv. In a manner to encumber. eUM'BER-SoME-NESS, 71. Burdensomeness 3 the quality of being cumbersome and troublesome. eUM'BRANCE, 71. That which obstructs, retards, or renders motion or action difficult and toilsome 5 burden 3 encum- brance 3 hinderance ; oppressive load 3 embarrassment. eUM'BROUS 3. 1. Burdensome ; troublesome 5 rendering action difficult or toilsome 5 oppressive. 2. Giving troa- ble 3 vexatious. 3. Confused 3 jumbled 3 obstructing each other. €UM'BROUS-LY, adv. In a cumbrous manner. CUM'FREY, n. A genus of plants, the Symphytum', some- tunes written cornfrey, comfry, and comphry. CUM'IN, V. [L. cumivum.'] An annual plant of one species, whose seeds have a bitterish, warm taste, with an aro- matic flavor. €U'MU-LATE, V. t. [L. cumulo.] To gather or throw into a heap ; to form a heap 3 to heap together. Wood^card. €U-MU-La'TION, 71. The act of heaping together 5 a heap See Accumulation. €u'MU-LA-TlVE, a. 1. Composed of parts in a heap 3 forming a mass. 2. Tiiat augments by addition 3 that is added to something else. — In laic, that augments, as evi- dence, facts or arguments of the same kind. €UN, v.t. 1. To know 3 [not used. See Con.] 2. To direct the course of a ship. See Cond, the true orthogra- phy. €Ur\"€-TA'TION, 71. [L. cunctor.] Delay. [JVot much used.] CUJVC-Ta'TOR, n. One who delays or lingers. [Littleused.] Hammond. CUND, V. t. To give notice. See Cond. €u'NE-AL, a. [L. cuncus.] Having the form of a wedge. eC'Nii-TED, I "■ Wedge-shaped. * €u'NEI-FORM, ) a. Having the shape or form of a €U'NI-F0RM, \ wedge. CUN'NER, 7i. [lepas.] A kind of fish, less than an oyster. CUJN'NING, a. [Sax. cunnan,connan.] 1. Knowing 3 skil- ful 3 experienced 3 well-instructed. 2. Wrought with skill 3 curious; ingenious. [The foregoing senses are obso- lete.] 3. Artful 3 shrewd ; sly 3 crafty 3 astute 3 design ing. 4. Deceitful 3 trickish 3 employing stratagems for a bad purpose. 5. Assumed with subtilty ; artful. CUN'NING, n. I. Knowledge ; art 3 skill 3 dexterity 3 [obs.] 2. Alt 3 artifice 3 artfulness 3 craft 3 shrewdness 5 the fac- ulty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose. Hence, in a bad sense, deceitfulness or deceit 3 fraudulent skill or dexterity. €UN'NING-LY, adv. Artfully 3 craftily 3 with subtilty 3 v/ith fraudulent contrivance. €UN'NING-MAN, 7;. A man who pretends to tell fortunes, or teach how to recover stolen or lost goods. eUN'NING-NESS, n. Cunning 3 craft 3 deceitfulness. CUP, n. [Sax. cop, or cupp.] 1. A small vessel of capacity, used commonly to drink out of. 2. The contents of a cup 3 the liquor contained in a cup, or that it may contain. 3. In a Scriptural sense, sufferings and afflictions 3 that which is to be received or endured. 4. Good received 3 blessings and favors. 5. Any thing hollow, like a cup 5 as, the cup of an acorn. The bell of a flower 3 and a calyx is called a flower-cup. 6. A glass cup or vessel used for drawing blood in scarification. — Cup and can, fa- miliar companions. Swift. — Cups, in the plural, social en- tertainment in drinking 3 merry bout. CUP, V. t. 1. In surgery, to apply a cupping glass to pro- cure a discharge of blood from a scarified part of the body. 2. To supply with cups 3 [obs.] Shak. €UP'BEaR-ER, 71. An attendant of a prmce or at a feast, who conveys wine or other liquors to the guests 3 an offi- cer of the king's household. *e[JP'BoARD, n. Originally, aboard or shelf for cups to stand on. — In modern houses, a small case or inclosure in a room, with shelves, destined to receive cups, plates, dishes and the like. Dryden. * t CUP'BoARD, V. t. To collect into a cupboard 5 to hoard SkaJf. CUP'GALL, n. A kind of gall found on oak-leaves. CUP'-RO.'SE, n. The poppy. Cu'PEL, n. [L. cupella.] A small cup or vessel used in re- fining metals. CU-PEL-La'TION, 71. The refinmg of gold or silver by a cupel or by scorification. eU-PID'I-TY, n. [L. cupiditas.] An eager desire to possess something 3 an ardent wishing or longing 3 an inordinate or unlawful desiie of wealth or power. CtJ'PO-LA, 71. [It. cupola ; Sp. cupula.] In architecture, a spherical vault on the top of an edifice 3 a dome , or the round top of a dome. fCu'PO-LAID, a. Having a cupola. Herbert. CUP'PEL. See Coppel. CUP'PER, 71. One who applies a cupping-glass ; a scarifier eUP'PING, ppr. Applying a cupping-glass, with scarifica- tion 5 a drawing blood with a cupping-glass. CUP'PING-GLASS, n. A glass vessel like a cup, to be ap- plied to the skin, before and after scarification, for drawing blood. €u'PRE-OUS, a. [L. cupreus.] Coppery; consisting of copper ; resembling copper, or partaking of its qualities. €U-PRIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cuprum.} Producing or affording copper. * See Sxjnopsis MOVE, BQOK, D6VE 5— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J 3 .? as Z 5 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, t Obsolete CUR 214 CUR tJUR, 91. [qu. Lapponic, coira,] A degenerate dog ; aud, m reproach, a worthless man. Addison. Dryden. €U'RA-BLE, a That may be healed or cured ; admitting a remedy. Dryden. €u RA-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being cured, healed or remedied. eC'RA-CY, or €u'RATE-SHIP, n. 1. The office or employ- ment of a curate. 2. A benefice held by license from the bishop. €U'RATE, n. [L. curator, or cvratus.] 1. A clergyman in the church of England, who is employed to perform divine service in the place of the incumbent, parson or vicar. 2. One employed to perform the duties of another. Dry- den. €D'RA-TiVE, a. Relating to the cure of diseases ; tending to cui'e. Arbatlinot. eU-RA'TOR, n. [L.] 1. One who has the care and super- intendence of any thing. 2. A guardian appointed by law.— 3. Among the Romans, a trustee of the affairs and interests of a person emancipated or interdicted. — 4. In the United Provinces, or Holland, the curator of a univer- sity superintends the affairs of the institution, the admin- istration of the revenues, the conduct of the professors, &c. €URB, n. [Fr. courier.'] 1. In the manege, a chain of iron made fast to the upper part of the branches of the bridle, in a hole called the eye, and running over the beard of the horse. 2. Restraint ; check ; hinderance. 3. A frame or a wall round the mouth of a well. 4. [Fr. courbe.] A hard and callous swelling on the hind part of the hock of a horse's leg. A tumor on the inside of a horse's hoof. Johnson. A swelling beneath the elbow of a horse's hoof. Bailey. €URB, V. t. 1. To restrain ; to guide and manage, fis a horse. 2. To restrain ; to check ; to hold back 5 to con- fine ; to keep in subjection. 3. To furnish or surround with a curb, as a well. 4. To bend ; [not used.] €URBED, pp. Restrained ; checked ; kept in subjection 3 furnished with a curb. €URB'ING, ppr. Holding back ; checking ; restraining. eURB'ING, n. A check. eURB'-STONE, n. A stone placed at the edge of a pave- ment, to hold the work together. It is written, some- times, kerb or kirb. CURD, 71 [Ir. cruth ; Scot, cruds. Sometimes in English, crnd.] The coagulated or tJiickened part of milk, which is formed into cheese. €URD, V. t. To cause to coagulate ; to turn to curd. Shak. €URDLE, V. i. [sometimes written crudlc.] 1. To coagu- late or concrete ; to thicken, or change into curd. 2. To thicken ; to congeal. €UR'DLE, V. t. 1 To change into curd ; to cause to thick- en, coasrulate, or concrete. 2. To congeal or thicken. €UR'DLED, pp. Coagulated ; congealed. CUR'DLING, ppr. Concreting ; coagulating. CURD'Y, a. Lik? curd ; full of curd ; coagulated. CURE, n. [L. cura ; Fr. cure.] 1. A healing ; the act of healing ; restoration to health from disease, and to sound- ness from a wound. 2. Remedy for disease ; restorative ; that which heals. 3. The employment of a curate ; the care of souls ; spiritual charge. CURE, V. t. [L. euro.] 1. To heal, as a person diseased, or a wounded limb ; to restore to liealth, as the body, or to soundness, as a limb. 2. To subdue, remove, destroy or put an end to ; to heal, as a disease. 3. To remedy ; to remove an evil, and restore to a good state. 4. To dry ; to prepare for preservation. Cured, pp. Healed ; restored to health or soundness ; re- moved, as a disease ; remedied ; dried, smoked, or other- wise prepared for preservation. CuRE'LESS, a. That cannot be cured or healed ; incura- ble ; not admitting of a remedy. Cull'ER, n. A healer ; a physician ; one who heals. CUll'FEW, n. [Fr. couvrc~feu.] 1. The ringing of a bell or bells at night, as a signal to the inhabitants to rake up their fires and retire to rest. This practice originated in England from an order of William the Conqueror, who di- rected that at the ringing of the bell, at eight o'clock, ev- ery one should put out his light and go to bed. 2. A cover for a fire ; a fire-plate ; [not lised ] Bacon. j-CU-RI-AL'I-TY, 7t. [h. curiall?,] The privileges, prerog- atives or retinue of a court. Bacon. CuR'ING, ppr. Healing ; restoring to health or soundness ; removing, as an evil ; preparing for preservation. CuR'lNG-IIOUSE, n. A building in which sugar is drained and dried. Edwards, TV. Ind. CU-RI-O-LOGIC, a. [Gr. xuptoXoj/ta.] Designating a rude kind of hieroglyphics, in which a thmg is represented by its picture. €U-RI-OS'I-TY, 72. [L. curiositas.] 1. A strong desire to see something novel, or to discover something unknown, either by research or inquiry ; a desire to gratify the senses with a sight of what is new or unusual, or to gratify the mind with new discoveries ; inquisitiveness. 2. Nicety ; delicacy. 3. Accuracy ; exactness j nice performance , curiousness. 4. A nice experiment ; a thing unusual, or worthy of curiosity. 5. An object of curiosity j that which excites a desire of seeing, as novel and extraordi- nary. CU-RI-O'SO, 71. [It.] A curious person ; a virtuoso. CU'RI-OUS, a. [L. curiosus.] 1. Strongly deskous to see what is novel, or to discover what is unknown ; solicit- ous to see or to know ; inquisitive. 2. Habitually inquis- itive ; addicted to research or inquiry. 3. Accurate ; careful not to mistake ; solicitous to be correct. 4. Care- ful ; nice • solicitous in selection ; difficult to please. 5. Nice ; exact 3 subtile ; made with care. 6. Artful ; nicely .diligent. 7. Wrought with care and art ; elegant ; neat ; finished. 8. Requiring care and nicety. 9. Rigid ; se- vere ; particular ; [little used.] 10. Rare ; singular. Cu'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With nice inspection ; inquisi^ve- ly ; attentively. 2. With nice care and art ; exactly ; neatly ; elegantly. 3. In a singular manner ; unusually. CtJ'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Fitness to excite curiosity ; exact- ness of workmanship. 2. Singularity of contrivance. 3 Curiosity. CURL, V. t. [D. krullen.] 1. To turn, bend or form into ringlets ; to crisp, as the hair. 2. To writhe ; to twist ; to coil, as a serpent. 3. To dress with curls. 4. To raise in waves or undulations ; to ripple. CURL, V. i. 1. To bend in contraction ; to shrink into ring- lets. 2. To rise in waves or undulations ; to ripple ; and, particularly, to roll over at the summit. 3. To rise in a winding current, and to roll over at the ends. 4. To writhe ; to twist itself. 5. To shrink ; to shrink back ; to bend aud sink. CURL, n. 1. A ringlet of hair, or any thing of a like form. 2. Undulation ; a waving ; sinuosity ; flexure. 3. A winding in the grain of wood. CURL-HEAD'ED, or CURLED-PATE, a. Having the hair curled. Shak. CURLED, pp. Turned or fonned into ringlets ; crisped ; twisted ; undulated. CUR'LEW, 71, [Fr. courlis, or corlieu.] 1. Ae aquatic fowl of tlie genus scolopax and the grallic order. 2. A fowl, larger than a partridge, with longer legs, which frequents the corn-fields in Spain. CURL'I-NESS, 71. A state of being curly. CURL'ING, ppr. Bending ; twisting ; forming into ringlets. CURLTNG-LY, adv. In a waving fashion or manner. CURL'ING-l-RONS, \n. An instrument for curling the CURL'ING-TONGS, ) hair. CURL'Y, a. Having curls ; tendhig to curl ; full of ripples. CUR-MUD'GEON, n. An avaricious, churlish fellow ; a miser ; a niggard ; a churl. Hudibras. CUR-MUD'GEON-LY, a. Avaricious ; covetous ; niggard- ly ; churlish. UEstrange. CUR'RANT, 71. [from Corinth.] 1. The fruit of a well- known shrub belonging to the genus ribes. 2. A small kind of dried grape, imported from the Levant, chiefly from Zante and Cephalonia ; used in cookery. CUR'REN-CY, n. 1. Literally, a flowing, running or pass- ing ; a continued or unintenupted course, like that of a stream. 2. A continued course in public opinion, belief or reception ; a passing from person to person, or from age to age. 3. A continual passing from hand to hand, as coin or bills of credit ; circulation. 4. Fluency ; readiness of utterance. 5. General estimation ; the rate at which any thing is generally valued. 6. That which is current, or in circulation, as a medium of trade. CUR'RENT, a. [L. currens.] 1. Literally, flowing, run- ning, passing. Hence, passing from person to person, or from hand to hand 3 circulating 3 as, current opinions ; current coin. Hence, common, general or fashionable ; generally received 3 popular. Swift. 2. Established by common estimation 3 generally received. 3. Passable , that may be allowed or admitted. 4. Now passing 3 pres- ent in its course. CUR'RENT, 7!. ]. A flowing or passing ; a stream 3 applied to fluids. 2. Course 3 progressive motion, or movement 5 continuation. 3. A connected series 5 successive course. 4. General or main course. CUR'RENT-LY, adv. In constant motion 3 with continued progression. Hence, commonly 3 generally 3 popularly 3 with general reception. CUR'RENT-NT:SS, n. 1. Currency ; circulation 3 general reception. 2. Fluency 3 easiness of pronunciation. CUR'RI-CLE, 71. [L. curriculum.] 1. A chaise or carriage, witii two wheels, drawn by two horses abreast. 2. A chariot 3 [obs.] 3. A course 3 [obs.] CURirieD, pp.. Dressed by currying 3 dressed as leather ; cleaned ; prepared. CUR'RI-ER, V. [L. coriarius.] A man who dresses and colors leather, after it is tanned. CURiRISH, a. Like a cur 3 having the qualities of a cur , brutal 3 malignant 5 snappish 5 snarling 3 churlish 5 in- tractable 3 quarrelsome. CUR'RISH-LY, adv. Like a cur 3 in a brutal manner. * See Synopsis 1, E, T, O, tj, f, long.—Fl^R, FALL, WHAT 5— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. CUR 215 CUS eUR'RISH-NESS, n. Moroseness ; cliurlishness. eUR'RY, V. t. [Fr. cor7-oyer.] 1. To dress leather, after it is tanned ; to soak, pare or scrape, cleanse, beat and color tanned hides, and prepare them for use. 2. To rub and clean with a comb. o. To scratch or claw ; to tear, in quarrels, 4. To rub or stroke ; to make smooth ; to tickle by flattery ; to humor. But generally used in the phrase. To curry favor, to seek or gain favor by flattery, caresses, kindness, or officious civilities ; [not elegant,] Hooker. eUIl'RY-€oMB, n. An iron instrunient or comb, for rub- bing and cleaning horses. €UR'11Y-ING, ppr. Scraping and dressing ; cleaning ; scratching. €URSE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. cursed, or curst. [Sax. cursian, corsian.] 1. To utter a wish of evil against one ; to im- precate evil upon ; to call for mischief or injury to fall up- on ; to execrate. 2. To injure ; to subject to evil ; to vex, harass or torment with great calamities. 3. To devote to evil. €tJRSE, V. i. To utter imprecations ; to affirm or deny with imprecations of divine vengeance. €URSE, n. 1. Malediction ; tlie expression of a wish of evil to another. 2. Imprecation of evil. 3. Affliction ; tor- ment ; great vexation. 4. Condemnation ; sentence of divine vengeance on sinners. 5. Denunciation of evil. €URSED, pjh. 1. Execrated ; afflicted ; vexed ; tormented ] blasted by a curse. 2. Devoted to destruction. eURS'ED, a. 1. Deserving a curse ; execrable ; hateful ; de- testable ; abominable. 2. a. Vexatious. Dryden. eURS'ED-LY, adv. In a cursed manner ; enormously ; miserably ; in a manner to be cursed or detested. [A low ■word.] €URS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being under a curse, or of being doomed to execration or to evil. €URS'ER, n. One who curses, or utters a curse. eUR'SHIP, n. Dogship ; meanness ; ill-nature. eURS'ING, p-pr. Execrating ; imprecating evil en , de- nouncing evil ; dooming to evil, misery, or vexation. CURSING, 71. Execration ; the uttering of a curse 5 a doom- ing to vexation or misery. eUR'SI-TOR, 71, [L. cur so, cursito.] In Euffland, a clerk in the comt of chancery, whose business is" to make out original writs. eUR'SIVE, a. [It. corsivo.] Running ; flowing. Cursive hand is a running hand, rCUR'SO-RA-RY, a. Cursory; hasty. Shak. eUR'SO-RI-LY, adv. In a running or hasty manner ; slight- ly , hastily ; without attention. €UR'SO-RI-NESS, n. Slight view or attention. eUR'SO-RY, a. [L. cursorius.'] 1. Running ; hasty ; slight ; superficial ; careless ; not with close attention. 2. Run- ning about ; not stationary. eURST, pp. of curse. CURST, a. Hateful ; detestable ; froward ; tormenting ; vexatious ; peevish ; malignant ; mischievous ; mali- cious : snarling. CURST'NESS, n. Peevishness ; malignity ; frowardness ; crabbedness 3 surliness. CURT, a, [L, curtusJ] Short. Brotcn. [Rarely tised.] CUR-TaIL', v. t. [Fr. court and tailler.] To shorten ; to cut off the end or a part. Hence, in a more general sense, to shorten in any manner ; to abridge ; to diminish. eUR'T AIL-DOG, n. A dog whose tail is cut off, according to the forest laws, and therefore hindered from corn-sing. Shak. €UR-TaIL'ED, (kur-tald') pp. Cut short or shorter ; abridg- ed. CUR-TaIL'ER, n. One who cuts off any thing. CUR-TaIL'ING, ppr. Cutting short or shorter"; abridging. CUR-TaIL'ING, n. Abridgment ; abbreviation. CUR'TAIN, (kur'tin) 7;. [It. cortina,] 1. A cloth hanging round a bed, or at a window, which may be contracted, spread or drawn aside at pleasure ; intended for ornament, or for use. Also, the hangings about the ark, among the Israelites. 2. A cloth-hanging used in theatres, to con- ceal the stage from the spectators. This is raised or let down by cords. Hence the phrases, to drop the curtain, to cVfie the scene, to end ; to raise the curtain or the cur- tain will rise, to denote the opening of the play ; and to draw the curtain, is to close it, to shut out the light or to conceal an object ; or to open it and disclose the object. Behind the curtain, in concealment, in secret. — 3. In for- tification, that part of the rampart which is between the flanks of two bastions. — 4. In Scripture, tents ; dwellings. CUR'TAIN, V, t. To inclose with curtains 3 to furnish with curtains. Shak, eUR'TAIN-LEC'TURE, n. Reproof given in bed by a wife to her husband. Addison. CURT'AL, 71. A horse with a docked tail. B. Jonson. eURT'AL, a. Short ; abridged ; brief, Milton. eURT'ATE, a, [L. curtatus.] The curtate distance, in as- tronomy, is the distance of a planet from the sun to that point, where a perpendicular let fall from the planet meets with the ecliptic. €UR-Ta'TIONj n. The interval between a planet'fs dis tance from the sun and the curtate distance. CUR'TE-LASSE, ) ^ ^ CUR'TE-LAX. i ^^^ Cutlass. CURT'I-LAGE, n. In law, a yard, garden, inclosure or field near and belonging to a messuage. tCURT'LY, adv. Briefl>. CURT'SY. See Courtesy. Cu'RULE, a. [L. curulis.] Belonging to a chariot. The curule chair or seat, among the Romans, was a stool with- out a back, covered with leather, and so made as to be folded. It was conveyed in a chariot, and used by public officers. €URV'A-TED, a. Curved ; bent in a regular form. CURV-A'TION, 71. The act of bending. €URV'A-TURE, 11. [L. curvatura.] A bending in a regular form ; crookedness, or the manner of bending ; flexure by which a curve is formed. CURVE, (kurv) a. [L. curvus.] Bending ; crooked ; in- flected in a regular form, and forming part of a cir- cle. CURVE, 71. A bending in a regular form, or without an gles ; that which is nent ; a flexure ; part of a circle. — Ir geometry, a line wiilch may be cut by a right line in more "points than one. CURVE, V. t. [L. curvo.] To bend ; to crook ; to inflect. CURVED, pj;. Bent; regularly inflected. CURV'ET, n. [It. corvetta.] 1. In the 77ia7ie^e, a particu lar leap of a horse, when he raises both his fore legs at once, equally advanced, and as his fore legs are falling, he raises his hind legs, so that all his legs are raised at once. 2. A prank ; a frolick. CURVET, V. i. [It. corvettare.] I. To leap ; to bound ; to spring and form a curvet. 2. To leap and frisk, CUR-VI-LIN'E-AR, or CUR-VI-LIN'E-AL, a. [L. curvtis and linea.] Having a curve line ; consisting of curve lines ; bounded by curve lines. CUR-VI-LIN-E-AR'I-TY, n. The state of being curvilinear, or of consisting in curve lines. CURVING, ppr. Bending in a regular form ; crooked. CURVI-TY, 71. [L. curvitas.] A bending in a regular form ; crookedness. Holder CUSH'AT, 71. The ring-dove or wood-pigeon. eySH'ION, (fcush'in) 71. [Fr. co^l,ssin.'] 1. A pillow for a seat ; a soft pad to be placed on a chair ; a bag, stuffed with wool, hair or other soft material. 2. Abagofleath er filled with sand, used by engravers to support the plate — 3. In gilding, a stuffing of fine tow or wool, covered by leather, "on a board ; used for receiving the leaves of gold from the paper, in order to its being cut into proper sizes and figures. — Lady's cushion, a plant, a species of saxifra- ga. Lse. — Sea cushion, sea pink or thrift, a species of sta tice. Lee, CTJSH'ION, V. t. To seat on a cushion. CtJSH'IONED, a. Seated on a cushion. CUSH'ION-ET, n. A little cushion. Beaumont. t CUSK'IN, n. A kind of ivory cup. Bailey. CUSP, 7i. [Ij. cuspis.] The point or horn of the moon. CUSP'A-TED, a. [L. cuspis.] Pointed ; ending in a point. CUSP'I-DAL, a. Ending in a point. More. tCUSP'I-DATE, V. t. To sharpen. Cockeram, CUSP'I-DATE, I a. [L. cuspidatus,] Having a sharp end, CUSP'I-DA-TED, \ like the point of a spear ; terminating in a bristly point. CUS'PIS, n, [L.l The sharp end of a thing. More. CUS'TARD, 71. [Cymbric, ciostard.] A composition of milk and eggs, sweetened and baked or boiled, forming an agreeable kind of food. CUS'TARD-AP'PLE, n. A plant, a species ofannona. CUS-To'DI-AL, a. Relating to custody or guardianship. CUS'TO-DY, n. [L. custodia.] 1. A keeping ; a guarding ■ care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation or se- curity. 2. Imprisonment ; confinement ; restraint of lib erty. 3. Defense from a foe ; preservation ; security. CUST6M,7i. [Yr. coutiime.] ]. Frequent or common use or practice ; a frequent repetition of the same act ; hence, way ; established manner ; habitual practice. 2. A buy- ing of goods ; practice of frequenting a shop and purchas- ing or procuring to be done. — 3. In law, long established practice, or usage, which constitutes the unwritten law and long consent to which gives it authority. CUS'ToM, V. t. 1. To make familiar. See Accustom, which is the word used. 2. To give custom to. CUS'ToM, V. i. To accustom. Spenser. CUS'ToM, n. [Fr. coutume.] Tribute, toll or tax ; that is, cost or charge paid to the public. Customs, in the plural, the duties imposed by law on merchandise imported or exported. CUS'ToM-HOUSE, n. The house where vessels enter and clear, and where the customs are paid or sficured to be paid. CUS'T6M-A-BLE, a. 1. Common ; habitual ; frequent. 2. Subject to the payment of the duties called customs. Laic of Mass. * See Stjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE £ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z •, CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoUta CUT 216 CYL €US»TOM-A-BLE-NESS, n. Frequency; conformity to custom. [Little used.] €U&'ToM-A-BLY, adv. According to custom. eUS'T6M-A-RI-LY, adv. Habitually ; commonly. eUS'T6M-A-RI-NESS, n. Frequency ; commonness ; ha- bitual use or practice. eUS'T6M-A-RY, a. [Fr. covtiimier.] 1. According to cus- tom or to established or common usage. 9. Habitual ; in common practice. 3. Holding by custom. 4. Held by custom. €US'ToM-A-RY, n. [Fr. coutumicr, coustumier .] A book containing laws and usages, or customs. eUS'ToMED, a. 1. Usual ; common ; to which we are ac- customed. 2. Furnished with customers. eUS'ToM-ER, 71. 1. One who frequents any place of sale for the sake of purchasing goods ; one who purchases j goods or wares. 2. One who frequents or visits any place for procuring what he wants. 3. A toll-gatherer ; [ofc-.] CUS'TOS, 71. [L.l A keeper ; as. cu^stoa brevium. teUS'TREL, n. [qu. Old Fr. couatilUer.] A buckler-bearer. Also, a vessel for holding wine. €US'TIJ-MA-RY, n. A book of laws and customs. Sel- den. , €UT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. cut. [Norm, cotu,] 1. To separate the parts of any body by an edged instrument, eitlier by striking, as with an axe, or by sawing or rubbing ; to make a gash, incision or notch, which separates the external part of a body, as, to cut the iiesh. It signifies also to cut into pieces; to sever or divide. 2. To hew. 3. To carve, as meat ; to carve or engrave in sculpture. 4. To divide ; to cleave, by passing througli. 5. To penetrate ; to pierce ; to affect deeply. 6. To divide, as a pack of cards. 7. To intersect ; to cross. 8. To castrate. To cut across, to pass by a shorter course, so as to cut off an angle or distance. — To cut asunder, to cut into pieces ; to divide ; to sever. — To cut down, to fell ; to cause to fall by severing. Hence, to depress ; to abash ; to humble ; to shame; to silence. Addison.— To cut off. 1. To separate one part from another. 2. To destroy ; to extirpate ; to put to death untimely. 3. To separate ; to remove to a dis- tance, or to prevent all intercourse. 4. To interrupt. 5. To separate ; to remove ; to take away. 6. To in- tercept ; to hinder from return, or union. The troops were cut off from the ships. 7. To end ; to finish. 8. To prevent or preclude. 9. To preclude or shut out. 10. To stop, interrupt or silence. — To cut on. 1. To has- ten ; to run or ride with the utmost speed ; [a vulgar jihrase.] 2. To urge or drive in striking ; to quicken blows ; to hasten.— 7*0 cut out. 1. To remove a part by cutting or carving. 2. To shape or form by cutting. 3. To scheme ; to contrive ; to prepare. 4. To shape ; to adapt. 5. To debar. 6. To take the preference or pre- cedence of. 7. To step in and take the place of, as in courting and dancing. 8. To interfere as a horse, when the shoe of one foot beats off the skin of the pastern joint of another. — To cut short. 1. To huider from proceed- ing by sudden interruption. 2. To shorten ; to abridge. — To cut up. 1. To cut in pieces ; as, to cut, uj) beef. 2. To eradicate ; to cut off. CUT, v.i. 1. To pass into or through, and sever ; to enter and divide the parts. 2. To be severed by a cutting in- strument. 3. To divide by passing. 4. To perform a surgical operation by cutting, especially in lithotoiny. 5. To interfere, as a horse. — To cut in, to divide, or turn a card, for determining who are to play. €UT, pp. Gashed ; divided ; hewn ; carved ; intersected ; pierced; deeply afiected ; castrated. — Cut and dry,pYe- pared for use ; a metaphor from heion timber. €UT, 71. 1. The action of an edged instrument ; a stroke or blow, as with an axe or sword. 2. A cleft ; a gash ; a notch ; a wound ; the opening made by an edged instiii- ment, distinguished by its length from that made by perforation with a pointed instrument. 3. A stroke or blow with a whip. 4. A channel made by cutting or dig- gmg ; a ditch ; a groove ; a furrow ; a ca,nal. 5. A part cut off from the rest. Also, any small piece or shred. 6. A lot made by cutting a stick. 7. A near passage, by which an angle is cut off. 8. A picture cut or carved' on wood or metal, and impressed from it. 9. The stamp on which a picture is carved, and by which it is impressed. 10. The act of dividing a pack of cards. 11. Manner in which a thing is cut ; form ; shape ; fashion. 12. A fool ; a cully ; a gelding. [JVot in use.~\ — Cut and long tail, men of all kinds • a proverbial expression borrowed from donrs €U-TA'NE-OUS, a. Belonging to the skin, or cutis ; exist- ing on, or affecting the skin. eUTH, in Saxon, signifies known, or famous. Hence, Czithwin.a fiimous conqxisror. Oibson. €i3'TI-€LE, n [L. cuticula.'] 1. The scarf-skin ; the thin, exterior coat of the skin, which rises in a blister ; a thin, pellucid membrane covering the true skin. 2. The thin, external covering of the bark, of a plant. 3. A thin skin formed on the surface of liquor. €U-TI€'U-LAU, a. Pertaining to the cuticle, or external coat of the skin. €UT'LAS, n. [Fr. covtelas.] A broad, curving sword ; a hanger ; used by soldiers in the cavalry, by seamen, &c. €UT'LER, n. [Fr. coutelier.] One whose occupation is to make knives and other cutting instruments. €UT'LER-Y, n. The business of making knives ; or, more generally, knives and other edged instruments in general. €UT'LET, n. [Fr. cCttelette.} A small piece of meat for cooking. eUT'PURSE, n. One who cuts purses for stealing them or their contents. One who steals from the person ; a thief; a robber. CUT'TER, jt. 1. One who cuts or hews. 2. An instrument that cuts. 3. A fore tooth that cuts meat, as distinguished from a grinder. 4. A small boat used by ships of war. Also, a vessel with one mfist and a straight running bow- sprit, which may be run in upon deck. 5. An officer in the exchequer that provides wood for the tallies. 6. A ruf- fian ; a bravo ; a destroyer ; [ois.] €UT'-THRoAT, n. A murderer; an assassin; a ruffian. Dry den. €UT'-THR5AT, a. Murderous ; cruel ; barbarous. Carew. €UT'TING, ppr. 1 . Dividing by an edged instrument ; cleaving by the stroke or motion of an edged instrument, as hy a knife, axe, or saw ; hewing ; carving ; intersect- ing ; piercing. 2. a. Piercing the heart; wounding the feelings ; deeply affecting with shame or remorse ; pun- gent ; piquant ; satirical. eUT'TING, 7?. 1. A separation or division ; a piece cut off; a slip. 2. The operation of removing a stone from the bladder. €UT'TLE, ) 71. [Sax. CMtfeZe.] \. Agermsofmollusca, €UT'TLE-FISH, ) called sepia. Cuttle is used for a foul- mouthed feilow. 2. A knife ; [not in use.l Shak. €UT'-WA-TER, n. The fore part of a ship's prow, or knee of the head, which cuts the water. Also, a water-fowl. t€UT'-W6RK, 71. Embroidery. B. Jonson. C-^'A-NlTE, n. [Gr. Kvavog.] A mmeral of a Berlin blue color. CY-AN'0-6EN, 71. [Gr. Kvavos and yevvau).] Carbureted azote, or carburet of nitrogen. CY-ATH'I-FORM, a [L. cyathus.] In the form of a cup, or drinking-glass, a little widened at the top. CYC'LA-DeS, 7t. plu. [Gr. kvkXos.] A number of isles ar- ranged round the isle of Delos, in the Grecian Sea, in the form of a circle. CY€'LA-MEN, n. [L.] In botany, sow-bread. Sprat. CY'CLE, ??. [Gr. kvkXos ,• L. cyclu^s.'] 1. In chronology, a period or series of numbers, which regularly proceedfrom first to last, and then return to the first in a perpetual cir- cle. 2. The cijcle of the moon, or golden number, or Me- tonic cycle, so called from its inventor Meton, is a period of nineteen years, which being completed, the new and full moons return on the same days of the month.— 3. The cycle of the sun is a period of twenty -eight years. — 4. Cy- cle ofindiction, a period of fifteen years. 5. A round of years, or period of time, in which the same course begins again. 6. An imaginary orb or circle in the heavens. €Y'-CLO-GRAPH,77.. [Gr. kvkXos and ypacpu).] An instru- ment for describing the arcs of circles. Cy'CLOID, 7?. [Gr. kvkXos and ct^oj .] A geometrical curve, on which depends the doctrine of pendulums ; a figure made by the upper end of the diameter of a circle turning about a right line. CY-€LOID'AL, a. Pertaining or relating to a cycloid. -eY--GLO-LITE,n. A name given to madrepores. CY-CLOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. kvkXos and juerpew.] The art of measuring cycles or circles. CY CLO-Pe'AN, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops ; vast ; ter- rific. Hall. CY-CLO-Pe'DI-A, or CY'CLO-PeDE, n. [Gr. kvkXo? and TTaiSeia.] The circle or compass of the arts and sciences ; circle of human knowledge. Hence, the book or books that contain treatises on every branch of the arts and sciences, arranged under proper heads, in alphabetical order. See Encyclopedia. CY-CLOP'IC, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops ; gigantic; sav age. CY'CLOPS, n. [Gr. k-uk-Xw^.] In fabulous history, certain giants, the sons of Neptune and Amphitrite, who had but one eye, which was circular, and in the midst of the fore- head. C-5'DER. See Cider. CYG'NET, n. [L. cygnus, eycnus.] A young swan. CYL'IN-DER, n. [Gr. Kv\ivSpog.] In geometry, a solid body supposed to be generated by the rotation of a parallelo- gram round one of its sides ; or a long circular body of uniform diameter, and its extremities formiug equal par CYL-IN-DRa"'CEOUS, a. Cylindrical. [LUtle used ] * See Sijnopsis a E, T, 6, U, Y, long.—FATx, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BIRD ; t Obsolett, DAC 217 DAG GY-LIN'DTlie ) a. Having the form of a cylinder, or CY-LIN'DRI-€AL, ) partaking of its properties. CY-LIN'DRI-FORM, a. [cylinder and form.] Having the form of a cylinder. CYL'IN-DROID, n. {cylinder, and ft^o?.] A solid body, ap- proaching to the figure of a cylinder, but differing in some respects, as having the bases elliptical, but parallel and equal. CY-MARjM. A slight covering J a scarf : properly, siniar. CY-Ma'TI-UM, or C^'MA, n. [L.] In. architecture, a member or molding of the cornice, the profile of which is waving. CYM'BAL, n. [L. cymbalum.] 1. A musical instrument used by the ancients. 2. A mean instrument, used by gip- sies and vagrants, made of steel wire, in a triangular form. CYM'BI-FORM, a. Shaped like a boat. CS^'ME, or CY'MA, n. [Gr. Kviia.l Literally, a sprout, par- ticularly of the cabbage; Teclmically, an aggregate flow- er composed of several florets. CYIvI'LING, n. A squash, Virginia. CYM'O-PHANE, K. [Gr. KVjxa ani (paivm.] A mineral, called also chrysoberyL CY-MOPH'A-NOUS, a. Having a wavy, floating light; opa- lescent ; chatoyant. Cf'MOSB, I a. Containing a cyme; in the form of a cyme. CY'MOUS, i Martyn. (5Y-NAN'€HE, n. [Gr. Kwayxv-'] A disease of the throat, attended with inflammation. CY-NAN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. kvwv and avd^ioiro';.'] A kind of madness in which men have the qualities of dogs. CY-NAR€-TOM'A-eHY, n. [Gr. kvu)v, apKJog, and i^axv-] Bear-baiting with a dog. [ji barbarous loord.] Hudibras. tCYN-E-6ET'ieS, n. The art of hunting with dogs. CYN'I€, \ a. [Gr. kvvlkos.'] Having the qualities of a CYN'I-€AL, ^ surly dog; snarling; captious; surly; cur- rish ; austere. — Cynic spasm, a kind of convulsion, in which the patient imitates the howling of dogs. CYN'IG, n. A man of a canine temper j t surly or snaiMng man or philosopher ; a follower of Diogenes ; a misan- thrope. CYN'I-eAL-LY, adv. In a snarling or morose manner. CYN'I-SAL-NESS, m. Moroseness; contempt of riches and amusements. CYN'I€S, n. In ancient history, a sect of philosophers, who valued themselves on their contempt of riches, of arts, sciences and amusements. *CYN'0-SURE, n. [Gr. Kvvoaovpa ] The constellation near the north pole, consisting of seven stars. Clf'ON. SeeCioN. CITHER. See Cipher. CY'PRESS, n. [L. cupressus.] 1. A genus of plants or trees. 2. The emblem of mourning fur the dead, cypress branch- es having been anciently used at funerals. CYP'RIN, a. Pertaining to tlie fish of the genus CTjprinus CY'PRUS, n. A thin, transparent, black stuff". Shale. CYR-I-0-LOG'I€, a. [Gr. kv^ws and \oyoi.'\ Relating or pertaining to capital letters. CYST, or CYS'TIS, n. [Gr. kvctis.] A bag or tunic which includes morbid matter in animal bodies. CYST'I€, a. Pertaining to a cyst, or contained in a cyst. — Cystic oxyd, a name given to a peculiar substance, sup- posed to be generated in the bladder, or rather in the kidneys. CYS'TO-CeLE, 71. [Gr. kvcttis and Kri\n.] A hernia or rup- ture formed by the protrusion of the urinary bladder. CYS-TOT'0-MY, n. [Gr. Kvarn and te/zvw.] The act or practice of opening encysted tumors, for the discharge of morbid matter. CYT'l-SUS, 71. A shrub or tree. Also, a genus of trees ; tree-trefoil. CZAR, n. A king ; a chief ; a title of the emperor of Russia; pronounced tzar, and so written by good au- thors. CZAR-1'NA, 71. A title of the empress of Russia. CZAR'ISH, a. Pertaining to the czar of Russia. D. Din the Ensrlish alphabet, is the fourth letter, and the J third articulation. D is a dental articulation, formed by placing the end of the tongue against the gum just above the upper teeth. It is nearly allied to T. It has but one sound, as in do, din, bad ; and is never quiescent in English words. As a 7iMmeraZ, D represents j^t;e /iW7i(ired, and when a dash or stroke is placed over it, thus, D, it denotes .^we thousand. As an abbreviation, D stands for Doctor ; as, M. D., Doctor of Medicine ; D. T., Doctor of Theology, or S. T. D., Doctor of Sacred Theology ; D. D., Doctor of Divinity, or dono de- dit ; D. D. D., dat, dicat, dedicat ; and D. D. D. D., dignum Deo donum dedit. DA CA'PO. [It.] In 7reM.sic, these words signify that the first part of the tune is to be repeated from the beginning. DAB, V. t. [Fr. dauber.] 1. To strike gently with the hand ; to slap ; to box. 2. To strike gently with some soft or moist substance. DAB, n. 1. A gentle blow with the hand. 2. A small lump or mass of any thing soft or raoist. 3. Something moist or slimy thrown on one. — 4. In laio language, an expert man. 5. A small flat fish, of the genus pleuronectes, of a dark-brown color. DAB'BLE, V. t. [Belgic, dabben, or dabbelen.] Literally, to dip a little or often ; hence, to wet ; to moisten ; to spat- ter ; to wet by little dips or strokes ; to sprinkle. DAB'BLE, V. i. 1. To play in water ; to dip the hands, throw water and splash about ; to play in mud and water. 2. To do any thing in a slight or superficial manner ; to tamper ; to touch here and there. 3. To meddle ; to dip into a concern DAB'BLER, n. 1 One who plays in water or mud. 2. One who dips slight./ into any thing ; one who meddles, with- out going to the bottom ; a superficial meddler. DAB'BLING, ppr. Dipping superficially or often ; playing in water, or in mud ; meddling. DAB'CHICK, 71. A small water-fowl. Ray. DAB'STER, n. One who is skilled ; one who is expert ; a master of his business. DACE, n. [D. daas.] A fish, the cyprinus leuciscus ; a small river fish, resembling the roach. DA€'TYL, n. [Gr. SaKrv'Sog.] A poetical foot consisting of three syllables, the first long, and the others short. DA€'TYL-AR, a. Pertaining to a dactyl ; reducing from three to two syllables. DA€'TYL-ET, n. A dactyl. Bp. Hall. DA€?TYL-I€, a. Pertaining to or consisting of dactyls. DAC'TYL-IST, 71 One who writes flowing verse. DA€-TYL-0L'0-6Y, n. FGr. SaKrvUi and \oyog.] The act or the art of communicating ideas or thoughts by the fingers. DAD, or DAD'DY, n. [W. tad ; Hln-loo, dada.] Father ; a word used by infants, from whom it is taken. DAD'DLE, V. i. To walk with tottering, like a child or an old man. [Little used.] DAD'DLE, 71. A colloquial expression in several parts of England for the ha7id. DADE, V. t. To hold up by leading strings. [Little used.] Da'DO, n. [Ital. a die.] The plain part of a column between the base and the cornice ; the die. D^'DAL, a. [L. Dwdalus.] 1. Various ; variegated. Spenser. 2. Skilful. DiE-DA'LI-AN. See Dedalian. t DAFF, or j DAFFE, n. [Ice. dauf.] A stupid, blockish fel- low. Chaucer. DAFF, V. t. To daunt. [Local.] Orose. DAFF, V. t. To toss aside ; to put off". See Doff. DAF'FLE, V. i. To betray loss of memory and mental fac- ulty. Brockett. DAF'FO-DIL, n. [D. affodille.] A plant of the genus narcis- S21S, of several species. Sometimes written daffadil, daffa- dilhi, and daffadowndilly. DAFT. See Daff. t DAG, n. [Fr. dague.] A dagger; a hand-gun ; a pistol. t DAG, n. Dew. DAG, 71. [Sax. dag.] 1. A loose end, as of locks of wool ; called also da^-locks. 2. A leathern latchet. t DAG, V. t. 1. To daggle. 2. To cut into slips. DAG, V. i. To drizzle. Brockett. DAG'GER, 71. [Fr. dague.] 1. A short sword ; a poniard. — 2. In fencing schools, a blunt blade of iron with a basket hilt, used for defense. — 3. With printers, an obelisk, or obelus, a mark of reference in the form of a dagger : thus, t- DAG'GER, V. t. To pierce with a dagger ; to stab. DAG'GERS-DRAW'ING, n. The act of drawing daggers ; approach to open attack or to violence ; a quarrel. DAG'GLE, V. t. To trail in mud or wet grass ; to befoul ; to dirty, as the lower end of a garment. DAG'GLE, V. i. To run through mud and water. DAG'GLED, pp. Dipped or trailed in mud or foul water; befouled. DAG'GLE-TaIL, a. Having the lower ends of garments defiled with mud. DAG'GLING, ppr. Drawing along in mud or foul water. * See Synopsis. MOVE , BOOK, DO VE ;— RTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J • S as Z • CH as SH TII as in this, f Obsolete. DA]VI 218 DAM DAG'LO€K, fl. A phrase, in many places, for the befouled locks of a sheep's tail. DAG'-SVyAIN, a. A kind of carpet. Harrison. DAG'-TaILED, a. The same as daggl&-tail ; trailed in mud. DaI'LY, a. [Sax. drnglic.'] Happening or being every day j done day by day ; bestowed or enjoj'ed every day. DAfLY, adv. Every day ; day by day. t DaINT, a. [Fr. dain.'] Delicate ; elegant. Spenser. tDAiNT, n. bomething of exquisite taste ; a dainty. OaINT'I-LY, adv. 1. Nicely 5 elegantly 5 [not in use.] 2 Nicely ; fastidiously ; with nice regard to what is well tasted. 3. Deliciously. 4. Ceremoniously ; scrupulously, DaINT'I-NESS, 71. 1. Delicacy 3 softness ; elegance ; nice- ty J [obs.] 2. Delicacy ; deliciousness ; applied to food. 3. Nicety in taste ; squeamishness ; fastidiousness. 4. Ceremoniousness ; scrupulousness ; nice attention to man- ners ; [obs.] f DaINT'LY, ad. Deliciously. Sackville. tDAINT'REL, n. A delicacy. DaINT'Y, a. [W.deintiaiz; Scot, dainty.] I.Nice 5 pleas- ing to the palate ; of exquisite taste ; delicious. 2. Deli- cate 3 of acute sensibility 5 nice in selecting what is tender and good 5 squeamish; soft; luxurious. 3. Scrupulous in manners; ceremonious. 4. Elegant; tender; soft; pure; neat ; effeminately beautiful. 5 Nice ; affectedly fine. DAINT'Y, n. 1. Something nice and delicate to the taste; that which is exquisitely delicious ; a delicacy. 2. A term of fondness ; [not much 2ised.] BaVRY, n. 1. Milk, and all that concerns it, on a farm ; or the business of managing milk, and of making butter and cheese. The whole establishment respecting milk, in a family or on a farm. 2. The place, room or house, where milk is set for cream, managed, and converted into butter or cheese. 3. Milk-farm. DAI'RY-HOUSE, or DAI'RY-ROOM, n. A house or room appropriated to the management of mUk. DaI'RY-MaID, n. A female servant, whose business is to manage milk. Addison. DaI'SIED, a. Full of daisies ; adorned with daisies. Shak. DaI'SY, n. [Sax. dceges-ege.] A plant of the genus bellis, of several varieties. DA'KER-HEN, n. A fowl of the gallinaceous kind, some- what like a partridge or quail. The corn-crake or land- rail, a bird of the grallic order of Linne. Da'KIR, n. In English statutes, ten hides, or the twentieth part of a last of hides. DALE, n. [Goth, dalei.] A low place between hills ; a vale or valley ; a poetic icord. DALLI-ANCE, n. 1. Literally, delay; a lingering; appro- priately, acts of fondness ; interchange of caresses ; toying, as males and females. 2. Conjugal embraces ; commerce of the sexes. 3. Delay ; [ohs.] Shak. PAL'LI-ER, n. One who fondles ; a trifler. fDAL'LOP, 71. A tuft or clump. Tusser. DAL'LY, V. i. [W ddl, or dala.] 1, Literally, to delay ; to linger ; to wait. 2. To trifle ; to lose time in idleness and trifles ; to amuse one's self with idle play. 3, To toy and wanton, as man and woman; to interchange caresses; to fondle. 4. To sport; to play. DAL'LY, v.t. To delay ; to defer ; to put off; to amuse till a proper opportunity. [A''ot much used.] DAL LY-ING, ppr. Delaying; procrastinating; trifling; wasting time in idle amusement ; toying; fondling. DAM, ?i. [from dame.] 1. A femole -paTent; used of beasts, particularly of quadrupeds. 2, A human mother, in con- tempt. Shak. 3. [Fr. dame.] A crowned man in the game of draughts. DAM, n. [D. dam ; G. damm.] A mole, bank, or mound of earth, or any wall, or a frame of wood, raised to obstruct a current of water. DAM, V. t. [Sax. demman ; G. dammen.] 1. To make a dam, or to stop a stream of water by a bank of earth, or by any other work ; to confine or shut in water. 2. To con- fine or restrain from escaping ; to shut in. DAM'A6E, 71, [Fr. dommage.] 1. Any hurt, injury or harm to one's estate ; any loss of property sustained; any hinderance to the increase of property ; or any obstruction to the success of an enterprise. 2, The value of what is lost ; the estimated equivalent for detiiment or injury sus- tained. DAM'A6E, v. t. [It. danneggiare.] To hurt or harm ; to in- jure ; to impair; to lessen the soundness, goodness, or value of, DAM'AGE, v. i. To receive harm ; to be injured or impair- ed in soundness or value, DAM'AGE-FEAS'ANT, (dam'aje-fez'ant) a. Doing mjmy ; trespassing, as cattle. Blackstonc. DAM'AGE-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be injured or impaired ; susceptible of damage. 2, Hurtful; pernicious; [rare.] DAM' AGED. pp. Hurt; impaired; injured. DAI^I'AG-ING, ppr. Injuring; impairing. DAM'AS-CeNE, n. [L, damascenu^, from Damascus.] 1. A particular kind of plum, now pronounced damson, which see. 2. It may be locally applied to other species ot plums. DAM' ASK, n. [It. dommasco, from Damascus.] 1. A silk stuff, having some parts raised above the ground, repre- senting flowers and other figiues. 2. A kind of wrought linen, made in Flanders, in Imitation of damask silks. 3 Red color, from the damask-rose. — Damask-steel is a fine steel from the Levant, chiefly from Damascus, used for sword and cutlas blades. DAM' ASK, V. t. 1. To form flowers on stuffs ; also, to va- riegate ; to diversify. 2. To adorn steel-work with fig- ures. See Damaskeen. DAM' ASK- PLUM, n. A small black plum. DAM'ASK-ROSE, n. A species of rose which is red, and another which is white. DAM'AS-KEN, ) v. t. [Fr. damasquiner .] To make in- DAM-AS-KEEN', \ cisions in iron, steel, &c., and fill them with gold or silver wire, for ornament ; used chiefly for adorning sword-blades, guards, locks of pistols, &c. DAM-AS-KEEN'ED, pp. Carved into figures, and inlaid with gold or silver wire, DAM-AS-KEEN'ING, ppr. Engraving and adorning with gold or sUver wire inlaid, DAM-AS-KEEN'ING, 71, The act or art of beautifying iron or steel by engraving and inlaying it with gold or silver wire. DAM' AS-KIN, n. A sabre, so called from the manufacture of Damascus. DAME, 71. [Fr. dame.] Literally, a mistress ; hence, a lady ; a title of honor to a woman. It is now generally applied to the mistress of a family in the common ranks of life. In poetry, it is applied to a woman of rank. DAME'S'-Vi-O-LET, ) 71. A plant of the genus hesperis ; DaME'-WoRT, \ called also queen''s gilly-flower. DA'MI-AN-ISTS< In church history, a sect who denied any distinction in the Godhead, DAMN, (dam) v c. [L, damno ; Fr. damner.] 1. To sentence to eternal torments in a future state ; to punish in heU. 2. To condemn ; to decide to be wrong or worthy of pun- ishment ; to censure ; to reprobate. 3. To condemn ; to explode ; to decide to be bad, mean or displeasing, by hissing, or any mark of disapprobation, 4. A word used in profaneness ; a term of execration. DAM'NA-BLE, a. 1. That may be damned or condemned ; deserving damnation ; worthy of eternal punishment. More generally, that which subjects or renders liable to damnation. 2, In a low or ludicrous sense, odious, de- testable or pernicious. DAj\I'NA-BLE-NESS, 71, The state or quality of deserving damnation, DAM'NA BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to incur eternal pim- ishment, or so as to exclude mercy. 2, In a low sense, odiously ; detestably ; sometimes, excessively, DAM-NA'TION, n. [L. damnatio.] 1. Sentence or con- demnation to everlasting punishment in the future state ; or the state of eternal torments. 2, Condemnation. DAM'NA-TO-RY, a. Containing a sentence of condemna- tion, Waterland. DAMNED, pp. 1. Sentenced to everlasting punishment in a futiure state; condemned, 2, a. Hateful; detestable; abominable ; a word chiefly used in profaneness by persons of vulgar manners. DAM-NIF'I€, a. Procurmg loss ; mischievous, DAM'NI-FIED, 2>p. Injured; endamaged, DAM'NI-FY, v. t. [L, damnifico.] 1. To cause loss or damage to ; to hurt in estate or interest ; to injure ; to en- damage. 2, To hurt ; to injure ; to impair. DAM'NI-FY-ING, ppr. Hurtmg; injuring; impairing. DAM'NING, ppr. 1. Dooming to endless punishment ; con- demning. 2. a. That condemns or exposes to damnation. DAM'NING-NESS, n. Tendency to bring damnation. DAIMP, a. [G. dampf; D. da7np.] 1. Moist; humid; being in a state between dry and wet, 2, Dejected ; sunk ; de- pressed ; chilled ; [miusual.] DAMP, 71. 1, Moist air; humidity; moisture; fog. 2, De- jection ; depression of spirits ; chill. 3, Damj^ie; plu. Nox- ious exhalations issuing from the earth, and deleterious or fatal to anunal life. DAMP, V. t. 1, To moisten ; to make humid or moderately v/et, 2, To chill ; to deaden ; to depress or deject ; to abate. 3, To weaken; to make dull, 4, To check or restrain, as action or vigor; to make languid ; to dis- courage, DAMPED, pp. Chilled ; depressed ; abated ; weakened ; checked; discouraged, DAMP'ER, n. 1, That which damps or checks ; a valve or sliding plate in a furnace to stop or lessen the quantity of air admitted, 2, A part of a piano-forte, by which the sound is deadened, BAMP'ING, ppr. Chilling; deadening ; dejecting ; abating ; checking; weakening, DAMP'ISH, a. Bloderately damp or moist. DAMP'ISH-NESS, 71. A moderate degree of dampness, oi moistness ; slight humidity. See Synopsis. A 6. i; o, O Y, long. -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ,— t Obsolete. DAN 2l9 DAR DAMP'NESS, 71. Moisture; fogginesg; moistness ; mode- rate humidity. DAMPS. See Damp. DAMP'Y, a. Dejected ; gloomy. [Little used.] DAM'SELj n. [Fr. damoiselle, and demoiselle.'] A young woman. Forwxrly, a young man or woman of noble or genteel extraction. DAM'SON, (dam'zn) n. [contracted from damascene.] The fruit of a variety of the prunus domestica ; a small black plum. fDAN, n. [Sp. don.] A title of honor equivalent to masier. Shak. DANCE, (dans) v. i. [Ft. danser.] 1. Primarily ^ to leap or spring ; hence, to leap or move with measured steps, reg- ulated by a tune, sung or played on a musical instru- ment ; to leap or step with graceful motions of the body, corresponding with the sound of the voice or of an instru- ment. 2. To leap and frisk about ; to move nimbly, or up and down. — To dance attendance, to wait with obsequi- ousness ; to strive to please and gain favor by assiduous attentions and officious civilities. DANCE, v.t.To make to dance ; to move up and down, or back and forth ; to dandle. DANCE, n. 1. In a general sense, a leaping and frisking about. Appropriately, a leaping or stepping with motions of the body adjusted to the measure of a tune, particularly by two or more in concert. 2. A tune by which dancing is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz, the cotillon, n. The office, dignity or ministry of a DeA'€ON-SHIP, \ deacon or deaconess. DEAD, (ded) a. [Sax. dead.'] 1. Deprived or destitute of life. 2. Having never had life, or having been deprived of vital action before birth. 3. Without life ; inanimate. 4. Without vegetable life. 5. Imitating deatu ; deep ot sound. 6. Perfectly still ; motionless as death. 7. Emp- ty ; vacarrt ; not enlivened by variety. 8. Unemployed ; useless ; unprofitable. 9, Dull ; inactive. 10 Dull ; gloomy ; still ; not enlivened. 11. Still ; deep ; obscure 12. Dull ; not lively ; not resembling life. 13. Dull ; heavy. 14. Dull ; frigid ; lifeless ; cold ; not animated ; not affecting. 15. Tasteless ; vapid ; spiritless. 16. Unin- habited. 17. Dull ; without natural force or efficacy ; not lively or brisk. 18. In a state of spiritual death ; void ot grace ; lying under the power of sin. 19. Impotent ; una- ble to procreate, Rom. iv. 20. Decayed in grace. 21. Not proceeding from spiritual life ; not producing good works. 22. Proceeding from corrupt nature, not from spiritual life or a gracious prmciple. — 23. In law, cut off from the rights of a citizen ; deprived of the power of en- joying the rights of property. — Dead language, a language which is no longer spoken or in common use by a people, and known only in writings ; as the Hebrew, Greek and Latin. — Dead rising, or rising line, the parts of a ship's floor or bottom throughout her length, where the fluoi timber is terminated on the lower futtock. DEAD, (ded) n. 1. The dead signifies dead men. 2. The state of the dead ; or death. DEAD, (ded) n. The time when there is a remarkable still- ness or gloom ; depth ; as in the midst of winter or of night. jDEADj (ded) v. i. To lose life or force. Bacon. f DEAD, (ded) v. t. To deprive of life, force or vigor. Ba- con. t DEAD'-DO-ING, a. Destructive ; killing. Spenser. DEAD'-DRUNK, a. So drunk as to be incapable of help- ing one's self. DEAD'EN, (ded'dn) v. t. [D. dooden.] 1. To deprive of a portion of vigor, force or sensation ; to abate vigor or action. 2. To blunt ; to render less susceptible or feeling. 3. To reiard ; to lessen velocity or motion. 4. To dimin- ish spirit ; to make vapid or spiritless. DEAD'-E"?E, (ded'i) n. [dead man's eye.] Among seamen, a round, flattish, wooden block, encircled by a rope, or an iron band, and pierced with holes, to receive the laniard. DEAD'-HEART-ED, a. Having a dull, faint heart. DEAD'-HEART'ED-NEfeS, n. Pusillanimity. DEAD'ISH, a Resembling what is dead ; dull. DEAD'-KILL^ING, a. Instantly killing. Shak. DEAD'-LIFT, n. A heavy weight ; a hopeless exigency. DEAD'-LlGHT, (ded'llle) n. A strong wooden port, n", :J8 to suit a cabin window, in which it is fixed, to prevent the water from entering a ship in a storm. DEAD'LI-HOOD, n. The state of the dead. Pearson. DEAD'LI-NESS, (ded'li-nes) n. The quality of being deadly. DEADLY, (ded'ly) a. 1. That may occasion death ; mortal , fatal ; destructive. 2. Mortal ; implacable ; aiming to kiil or destroy. DEAD'LY, (ded'ly) adv. 1. In a manner resembling death. 2. Mortally. 3. Implacably ; destructively. 4. In a vul- o-ff.r or ludicrous sense, very ; extremely. DEAD'LY-€AR'ROT, n. A plant of the genus thapsia. DEAD'LY-NlGHT'SHADE, n. A plant of the genus at- ropa. DEAD'NESS, (ded'nes) n. 1. Want of natural life or vital power, in an animal or plant. 2. Want of animation , dullness ; languor. 3. Want of warmth or ardor ; cold- ness ; frigidity. 4. Vapidness ; want of spirit. 5. State of being incapable of conception, according to the ordi- nary laws of nature. 6. Indifference ; mortification of the natural desires ; alienation of heart from temporal pleas- ures. DEAD'NET-TLE, n. A plant of the genus lamium, and another of the genus galeopsis. ■* DEAD'PLEDGE, n. A mortgage or pawning of thmgs, or thing pawned. Bailey. DEAD'-RE€K'ON-ING, n. In navigation, the judgment or estimation of the place of a ship, without any observation of the heavenly bodies ; or an account of the distance she has run by the log, and of the course steered by the com- pass, and this rectified by due allowances for drift, lee- way, &c. DEAD'STRU€K, a. Confounded ; struck with horror. DEAD'WA-TER, n. The eddy water closing in with a ship's stern, as she passes through the water. DEAD'WOOD, n. Blocks of timber laid on the keel of a ship, particularly at the extremities, DEAD'WoRKS, n. The parts of a ship which are above the surface of the water, when she is balanced for a voyage. *DeAF, (deef) a. [Sax. deaf; Ice. dauf; B. doof. This word is generally pronounced, in this country, so as to rhyme with leaf, sheaf, &c., according to the uniform anal- ogy of words of this kind. Sucli was the pronunciation in England, as late, at least, as the time of Temple and Prior ; since which def has been introduced, which is the Danish and Swedish pronunciation. J I. Not perceiv- ing sounds ; not receiving impressions from sonorous * See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOKj DOVE ;~B;JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J : S as Z 3 CH as SH • TH as in this, t Obsolete DEA 222 DEB bodies through the au". 2. Wanting the sense of hearing ; having organs which do not perceive sounds. — 3. In a met- aphorical sense, not listening ; not regarding ; not moved, persuaded or convinced ; rejecting. 4. Without the abil- ity or will to regard spiritual things ; unconcerned. 5. Deprived of the power of hearing; deafened. 6. Stifled; imperfect ; obscurely heard. * DEAF, V. U To deafen Dryden. DEAFE'LY, a. Lonely ; solitary ; far from neighbors. *DkAF'EN, (deeffu) v t. 1. To make deaf; to deprive of the power of hearing ; to impair the organs of hearing, so as to render them unimpressible to sounds. 2. To stun ; lo_render incapable of perceiving sounds distinctly. * DeAF'LY, (deef ly) adv. Without sense of sounds ; ob- scjirely heard. *DeAF'NESS, (deef'nes) n. 1. Incapacity of perceiving sounds ; the state of the organs which prevents the im- pressions which constitute hearing. 2. Unwillingness to hear and regard ; voluntary rejection of what is addressed to the ear and to the understanding. Deal, v. t.; pret. and pp. dealt, pron. delt. [Sax. dmlan, bediBlan, gedalan.] 1. To divide ; to part ; to separate ; hence, to divide in portions ; to distribute. 2. To scatter; to throw about. 3. To throw out in succession ; to give one after another. 4. To distribute the cards of a pack to tiie players. Deal, v. i. 1. To traffick ; to trade ; to negotiate. 2. To act between man and man ; to intervene ; to transact or iiegotiate between men. 3. To behave well or ill ; to act ; to conduct one's self in relation to others. 4. To distrib- ute cards. To deal by. To treat, either well or ill.— To (^eaHra. 1. To have to do with ; to be engaged, in ; to practice. 2. To trade in. — To deal with. 1. To treat in any liaanner ; to - use well or HI. 2. To contend with ; to treat with, by way of opposition, check or correction. 3. fo treat with by way of discipline, in ecclesiastical affairs ; to admon- i_sh. .y^y^-s>- Deal, n. [Sax. dml, dal, gedal'.]'^!. Literally, a division ; a part or portion : hence, an indefinite quantity, degree or extent. 2. The division or distribution of cards ; the art or practice of dealing cards. 3. The division of a piece of timber made by sawing ; a board or plank. DE-AL'BATE, v. t. [L. dealbo.] To whiten. [Little used.] DE-AL-Ba'TION, w. The act of bleaching; a whitening. DeAL'ER, n. 1. One who deals ; one who has to do with any thing, or has concern with. 2. A trader ; a traffick- er ; a shopkeeper ; a broker ; a merchant ; a word of very extensive use. 3. One who distributes cards to the play- ers. DeAL'ING, pjjr. 1. Dividing; distributing; throwing out. 2. Trading ; trafficking ; negotiating. 3. Treating ; be- having. DeAL'ING, n. 1. Practice ; action ; conduct ; behavior. 2. Conduct in relation to otiiers; treatment. 3. Inter- course in buying and selling ; traffick ; business ; nego- tiation. 4. Intercourse of business or friendship ; con- cern. t DE-AM'BU-LATE, v. i. [L. deambulo.] To walk abroad. DE-AM-BU-La'TION, n. The act of walking abroad. Ehjot. DE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to walks. DE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, n. A place to walk in. DeAN, n. [Fr. doyen ; Arm. dean ; Sp. dean, decano.] I. In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary in cathedral and collegiate churches, and the head of a chapter ; the sec- ond dignitary of a diocese. 2. An officer in each college of the universities in England. — 3. In the United States, an officer in a medical school. DeAN'ER-Y, n. 1. The office or the revenue of a dean. 2. The house of a dean. Shak. 3. The jurisdiction of a dean. — Dean and chapter are the bishop's council, to aid him with their advice in affairs of religion, and in the temporal concerns of his see. DeAN'SHIP, n. The office of a dean. Dear, a. [Sax. deor.] 1. Scarce; not plentiful; [obs.] Shak. 2. Bearing a high price in comparison of the usual price ; more costly than usual ; of a higher price than the customary one. 3. Of a high value in estimation ; great- 'y^ valued ; beloved ; precious. Dear, a. [Sax. derian.] Hurtful ; grievous ; hateful. Shak. IDeAR, v. t. To make dear. Shelton. DEAR, n. A darling ; a word denoting tender affection or endearment ; as, my dear. DeAR'BOUGHT, a. Purchased at a high price. DeAR'LING. See Darling. DeAR'LoVED, a. Greatly beloved. Shak. DEAR'LY, adv. 1. At a high price. 2. With great fond- ness. jDEARN, a. [Sax. deorn.] Lonely; solitary; melancholy. Shak. DeAR'NESS, %. 1. Scaicity; high price, or a higher price than the customary one. 2. Fondness ; nearness to the heart or affections ; great value in estimation ; precious- ness ; tender love. t DEARN'LY, adv. Secretly ; privately. See Dernlt. DEARTH, (derth) n. 1. Scarcity. 2. Want; need ; famine 3. Barrenness; sterility. \ fDE-AR-Tie'U-LATE, v. t. To disjoint. DEATH, (deth) n. [Sax. death.] 1. That state of a being, aniniEJ or vegetable, but more particularly of an animal, in which there is a total and permanent cessation of all the vital functions, when the organs have not only ceas ed to act, but have lost the susceptibility of renewed action 2. The state of the dead. 3. The manner of dying. 4 Tlie image of mortality represented by a skeleton. 5 Murder. 6. Cause of death. 7. Destroyer or agent of death.— 8. In poetry, the means or instrument of death. — 9. In theology, perpetual separation from God, and eter- nal torments ; called the second death. Rev. ii. 10. Sep- aration or alienation of the soul from God ; a being under the dominion of sin, and destitute of grace or divine life; called spiritual death. — Civil death is the separation of u man from civil society, or from the enjoyment ef civil rights ; as by banishment. DEATH'-BED, (deth'bed) n. The bed on which a person dies, or is confined in his last sickness. DEATH'-BoD-ING, a. Portending death. Shak. DEATH'-DART-ING, a. Darthig or inflicting death. DEATH'S'-DoOR, 71. A near approach to death ; the gates of death. Taylor. DEATH'FUL, a. Full of slaughter ; murderous ; destruc- tive. DEATH'FUL-NESS, n. Appeai-ance of death. Taylor. DEATH'LESS, a. Immortal ; not subject to death, destruc tion or extinction. DEATH'LiKE, a. 1. Resembling death ; gloomy ; still , calm ; quiet ; peaceful ; motionless ; like death in horror or in stillness. 2. Resembling death ; cadaverous. DEATH'S'-MAN, n. An executioner ; a hangman. DEATH'-SHAD-OWED, a. Surrounded by the shades of death. More. DEATH'-To-KEN, n. That which indicates approachijig death. Shak. DEATH'WARD, adv.. Toward death. Bcanmont. DEATH'-WATCH, n. A small insect whose ticking is weakly supposed to prognosticate death. DE-AU'RATE, v. t. [L. deauro.] To gild ^Little used.] DE.AU'RATF,a Gilded. fDE-AU-RA'TION, n. The act of gilding. tDE-BA€'€HATE, v.i. [Ij. debacchor.] To rage or roai after the manner of drunkards. Cockeram. t DE-BA€-€Ha'TI0N, n. A raging ; a madness, DE-BA€'LE, n. [Fr.] A breaking or bursting forth. DE-BAR', V. t. To cut off from entrance ; to preclude , to hinder from approach, entry or enjoyment ; to shut out or exclude. t DE-BARB', V. t. To deprive of the beard. DE-BARK', V. t. [Fr. debarquer.] To land from a ship or boat ; to remove from on board any water-craft, and place on land; to disembark. [It is less used than disem- bark.] DE-BARK', V. i. To leave a ship or boat and pass to the land. DE-BAR-Ka'TION, n. The act of disembarking. DE-BARK'ED, (de-barkf) pp. Removed to land from on board a ship or boat. DE-BARK'ING, ppr. Renr.oving from a ship to the land ; going from on board a vessel. DE-BAR'RED, (de-bard') pp. Hindered from approach, en- trance or possession. DE-BAR'RING, ppr. Preventing from approach, entrance or enjoyment. DE-BaSE', v.t. 1. To reduce from a higher to a lower state or rank, in estimation. 2. To reduce or lower in quality, purity, or value ; to adulterate. 3. To lower or degrade ; to make mean or despicable. 4. To sink in purity or elegance ; to vitiate by meanness. DE-BaS'ED, (de-baste') pp. Reduced in estimated rank • lowered in estimation ; reduced in purity, fineness, qual- ity or value ; adulterated ; degraded ; rendered mean. DE-BaSE'MENT, n. The act of debasing ; degradation ; reduction of purity, fineness, quality or value ; adultera- tion ; a state of being debased. DE-BaS'ER, n. One who debases or lowers in estimation, or in value ; one who degrades or renders mean ; thai which debases. DE-BaS'ING, p;pr. I. Reducing in estimation or worth; adulterating ; reducing in purity or elegance ; degrading ; rendering mean. 2. a. Lowering ; tending to debase or degrade. DE-BaT'A-BLE, a. That may be debated; disputable; subject to controversy or contention. DE-BaTE', n. [Fr. debat.] 1. Contejition in words or argu- ments ; discussion for elucidating truth ; strife in argu- ment or reasoning, between persons of different opinions ; dispute ; controversy. 2. Strife ; contention. 3. The ♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete DEB 223 DEC power of being disputed. — 4. Debate or debates, the pub- lished report of arguments for and against a meaisure. D£-BaTE'j v. t. [Fr. debattre.] To contend for in words or arguments ; to strive to maintain a cause by reasoning ; to dispute ; to discuss 3 to argue ; to contest, as opposing parties. DE-BaTE', v. i. 1. To debate on or in, to deliberate ; to dis- cuss or examine different arguments in the mind. 2. To dispute. 3. To engage in combat ; [not in iise.] DE-BaT'ED, pp. Disputed ; argued ; discussed. DE-BaTE'FUL, a. 1. Of things, contested ; occasioning contention'.' Spenser. 2. Of persons, quarrelsome ; con- tentious. [Little used.] DE-BaTE'FUL-LY, adv. With contention. Sherwood. DE-BaTE'MENT, n. Controversy ; deliberation. [Little used.] Shak. DE-BaT'ER, n. One w^ho debates j a disputant ; a contro- vertist. DE-BaT'ING, ppr. Disputing ; discussing j contending by arguments. DE-BAUCH', v. t. [Fr. debaucher.] 1. To corrupt or vitiate. 2. To corrupt with lewdness. 3. To seduce from duty or allegiance. DE-BAUCH', n. [Fr. debanche.} Excess in eating or drink- ing V intemperance ; drunkenness; gluttony; lewdness. DE-BAUCH'ED, (de-bauchf) pp. Corrupted; vitiated in morals or purity of character. DE-BAUCH'ED-LY, adv. In a profligate manner. DE-BAUC_H'ED-NESS, 71. Intemperance. Bp. Hall. DEB-AU-CHEE', n. A man given to intemperance, or bacchanalian excesses. But chiefly, a man habitually lewd. DE-BAUCH'ER, n. One who debauches or corrupts others ; a se'ducer to lewdness, or to any dereliction of duty. DE-BAUCH'ER-Y, 71. 1. Excess in the pleasures of the Ca- ble •" gluttony ; intemperance. But chiefly, habitual lewd- ness ; excessive unlawful indulgence of lust. 2. Corrup- tion of fidelity ; seduction from duty or allegiance. DE-BAUCH'MENT, n. The act of debauching or corrupt- ing';" the act of seducing from virtue or duty. DE-BAUCH'NESS, \ p„„„™ de-baucht'Ness, \ "• -«^^<^ess- { glllELATE, ( ^- *• CL- '^^^^""•J To subdue. t DE-BEL-La'TION, 71. The act of conquering or subdu- ing. DE-BENT'URE, n. [Fr ] 1 A writing acknowledging a debt ; a writing or certificate signed by a public officer, as evidence of a debt due to some person.— 2. In the ciz-s- toms, a certificate of drawback ; a writing which states that a person is entitled to a certain sum from the govern- ment, on the exportation of specified goods, the duties on which had been paid. DE-BENT'URED, a. Debentnred goods are those for v/hich a debenture has been given, as being entitled to draw- back. DEB'iLE, a. [L. debilis ; Fr. debile.] Relaxed ; weak ; fee- ble ; languid ; faint ; without strength. Shak. DE-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. [L. debilito.] To weaken ; to impair the strength of; to enfeeble ; to make faint or languid. DE-BIL'I-TA-TED, 2>i?. Weakened; enfeebled; relaxed. DE-BIL'I-TA-TING, ppr. Weakening ; enfeebling ; im- pairing strength. DE-BIL-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of weakening ; relaxa- tion. DE-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. debilitas.] Relaxation of the solids ; weakness ; feebleness ; languor of body ; faintness ; im- becility. DEB'IT, n. [L. debitum.] Debt. It is usually written debt. But it is used in mercantile language ; as, the debit side of an account. DEB'IT, V. t. 1. To charge with debt. 2. To enter an ac- count on the debtor side of a book. DEB'IT-ED, ;}77. 1. Charged in debt; made debtor on ac- count. 2. Charged to one's debt, as money or goods. DEB'IT-ING, ppr. 1. Making debtor on account, as a per- son. 2. Charging to the debt of a person, as goods. DEB'IT-OR, 71. A debtor. Shak. DEB-ON-NaIR', a. [Fr.] Civil; well-bred; complaisant; elegant. Milton. + DEB-ON NaIR'I-TY, n. Graciousness ; gentleness ; ele- gance of manners. Donne. t DEB-ON-NaIR'LY, adv. Elegantly ; with a genteel air. JDEB-ON-NaIR'NESS, 72. Civility ; complaisance. Sterne. DE-B5UCH', V. i. [Fr. deboucher.] To issue or march out of a narrow place, or from defiles, as troops. DE-BRIS', (de-bree') 7!. [Fr.] Fragments; rubbish; ruins; applied particularly to the fragments of rocks. DEBT, (det) n. [L. debitum.] 1. That which is due from one person to another, whether money, goods, or ser- vices ; that which one person is bound to pay or perform to another. 2. That which any one is obliged to do or to sufier— 3. In law, an action to recover a debt. — 4. In Scripture, sin ; trespass ; guilt ; crime ; that which ren- ders liable to punishment. fDEBT'ED, (det'ted)^?;). Indebted; obliged to. Shak. DEBT-EE', (det-tee') n. A creditor ; one to whom a debt is due. Blackstone. DEBT'LESS, (defies) a. Free from debt. Chaucer. DEBT'OR, (det'tor) n. [L. debitor.] 1. The person who owes another either money, goods or services. 2. One who is under obligation to do something. 3. The side of an account in which debts are charged. See Debit. t DEB-UL-LI"TION, n. A bubbling or seething over. DE-BUT', (de-bu') 72. [Fr.] A very modern expression, de- noting the commencement or opening of a discourse or any design. DE€'A-€HORD, ) n. [Gr. ^sKa and X°9^^^^ 1- A mu- DE€-A-€HORD'ON, \ sical instrument of ten strings. 2 Something consisting of ten parts. fDEC-A-CU'MI-NA-TED, a. ["L. decacuminatus.] Having the top or point cut off. DEC'A-DAL, a. Pertaining to ten ; consisting of tens. DECADE, 71. [L. decas, decadis ; Fr. decade.] The sum or number often ; an aggregate consisting often. DE-CADENCE, ) ^ See Decay DE-Ca'DEN-CY, \ "• ■L'ecay. nee uecay. DECA-GON, 7!. [Gr. Seica and ycovia.] In geometry, a plane figure having ten sides and ten angles. DE€'A-GRAM, 71 [Gr. SEKa,ai\i gram.] A French weight often grams, equal to 5 drams, 65 decimals, avoirdupois. DE€'A-GYN, 71. [Gr. Seku and yuvrj.] In botany, a plant having ten pistils. DE€-A-GYN'I-AN, a. Having ten pistils. DE€-A-He'DRAL, a. Having ten sides. DEC-A-Hk DRON, 71. [Gr. ?i£Ka and e^pa.] In geometry, a figure or body having ten sides. DE€'A-LIT-ER, 72. [Gr. ^fKa, and Zifer.] A French meas- ure of capacity, containing ten liters. DE-CAX.'0-GIST, n. One who explains the decalogue. DECA-LOGUE, (dek'a-log) 71. [Gr. ^Ka and ^Koyoi.] The ten commandments or precepts given by God to Moses. DE-€AM'E-TER, 71. [Gr. ?itKa and fttrpov.] A French measure of length, consisting of ten metres, and equal tc 393,71 Englishlnches. DE-eAMP',"2). i. [Fr. decamper.] To remove or depart from a camp ; to march off. DE-€AMP'MENT, n. Departure from a camp ; a march- ing off. DE€'iV-NAL, a. Pertaining to a deanery. DE-CAN'DER, 72. [Gr. ^zKa and avrjg.] In botany, a plant having ten stamens. DE-CAN'DRI-AN, a. Having ten stamens. DE-€AN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. iena, and angular.] Having ten angles. Lee. DE-CANT', V. t. [L. decanto.] To pour off gently, as liquor from its sediment ; or to pour from one vessel into cin- other. DE-CAN-Ta'TION, 72. The act of pouring liquor gently from its lees or sediment, or from one vessel into another. DE-CANT'ED, pp. Poured off, or from one vessel into an- other. DE-CANT'ER, 72. 1. A vessel used to decant liquors, or for receiving decanted liquors. A glass vessel or bottle used for holding wine or other liquors. 2. One who decarls liquors. DE-€ANT'ING, ppr. Pouring off, as liquor from its lees, or from one vessel to another. DE-CAP'I-TATE, v. t. [L. decapito.] To behead ; to cut off the head. DE-€AP-I-Ta'TI0N, 71. The act of beheading. DE-€APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. Seku and E-€aY'ER,7?. That which causes decay. Shak. DE-€AY'ING,ppr. Failing ; declining ; passing from a good, prosperous or sound state, to a worse condition } perish- ing. DE-€aY'ING, n. Decay ; decline. DECEASE',?!. [L. decess-us.] Literally, departure 3 hence, departure from this life ; death. DE-CkASE', v. i. To depart from this life ; to die. DE-CeAS'ED, (de-seesf) pp. or a. Departed from life. This is usjd as a passive participle. DE-CEAS'ING, ppr. Departing from life ; dying. DE-Ce'DENT, n. [L. decedens.] A deceased person. Laws of Penn. DE-CeIT', n. [Norm, deceut ; L. deceptio.] 1. Literally, a catching or msnaring. Hence, the misleading of a per- son ; the leading of another person to believe what is false, or not to believe what is true, and thus to insnare him ; fraud ; fallacy ; cheat. >2. Stratagem ; artifice ; de- vice intended to mislead.— 3. In Scripture, that which is obtained bv guile, fraud or oppression.— 4. In law, any trick, device, craft, collusion, shift, covin or undeihand practice, used to defraud another. DE-CeIT'PUL, a. 1. Tending to mislead, deceive or in- snare. 2. "Full of deceit ; trickish ; fraudulent ; cheating. DE-CeIT'FUL-LY, adv. In a deceitful manner 5 fraudu- lently ; with deceit ; in a manner or with a view to de- DE-CeIT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Tendency to mislead or de- ceive. 2. The quality of being fraudulent. 3. The dis- position to deceive. DE-CeIT'LESS, a. Free from deceit. Hall. DE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. 1. Subject to deceit or imposition ; capable of being misled or entrapped ; exposed to impos- ture. 2. Subject or apt to produce error or deception ; de- ceitful. DE-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Liableness to be deceived. 2. Liableness to deceive. DE-CeIVE', v. t. [L. decipio ; Fr. decevoir.] I. To mislead the mind ; to cause to err ; to cause to believe what is false, or disbelieve what is true ; to impose on ; to delude. 2. To beguile ; to cheat. 3. To cut off from expectation ; to frustrate or disappoint. 4. To take from ; to rob ; [not used.'] Bacon. DE-CeIV'ED, (de-seevd') pp. Misled ; led into error ; be- guiled ; cheated ; deluded. DE-CeIV'ER, n. One who deceives ; one who leads into error ; a cheat ; an impostor. DE-CkIY'ING. ppr. Misleading; insnaring; beguiling; cheating. DE-CEM'BER, n. [L. December.] The last month in the year, in which the sun enters the tropic of Capricorn, and makes the winter solstice. DE-CEM-DEN'TATE, a. [L. decern and dentatus.] Hav- ing ten points or teeth. DEC'EM-FID, a. [L. decern and fido.] Ten-cleft; divided into ten parts ; having ten divisions. DEC-EM-LOCU-LAR, a. [L. decern and loculus.] Having ten cells for seeds. DEC'EM-PE-DAL, a. [L. decern and pes.] Ten feet in length. DE-CEM'ViR, n. [L. decern and vir.] One of ten magis- trates, who had absolute authority in ancient Rome. DE-CEM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the decemvirs in Rome. DE-CEM'YI-RATE, n. [L. decemviratus.] 1. The office or term of office of the decemvirs or ten magistrates in Rome, who had absolute authority for two years. 2. A body of ten men in authority. t De'CENCE. The same as decency. DE'CEN-CY, n. [Fr. decence ; L, decentia.] 1. That which is fit, suitable or becoming, in words or behavior ; pro- priety of form, in social intercourse, in actions or dis- course ; proper formality ; becoming ceremony. It has a special reference to behavior. 2. Suitableness to char- acter; propriety. 3. Propriety in speech; modesty; op- posed to ribaldry, or obscenity. DE-CEN'NA-RlT, 71. [h. decennis, decennium.] 1. A period of ten year?. 2. A tithing consisting of ten freeholders and their families. DE-CEN'NI-AL, a. [L. decennalis,] Continuing for ten years ; consisting of ten years ; or happenmg every ten years. DEC'EN-No-VAL, ) a. [L. decern and novem.] Pertain- DE-CEN'NO-VA-RY, ] ing to the number nineteen ; des- i^gnating a period or circle of nineteen years. De'CENT, a. [L. decens ; Fr. decent.] 1. Becoming ; fit ; suitable, in words, behavior, dress and ceremony. 2. Comely ; not gaudy or ostentatious. 3. Not immodest. — 4. In popular language, moderate, but competent ; not large ; as, a decent fortune. Das'CENT-LY, adv. 1. In a decent or becoming manner ; with propriety of behavior or speech. 2. Without im- modesty. De'CENT-NESS, n. Decency. DE-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being ca pable or liable to be deceived. DE-CEFTI-BLE, a. That may be deceived. Brown. DE-CEP'TION, n. [L. deceptio.] 1. The act of deceiving or misleading. 2. The state of being deceived or misled. 3. Artifice practiced ; cheat. DE-CEP'TIOUS, a. Tending to deceive ; deceitful. Shak. DE-CEP'TIVE, a. Tending to deceive ; having power to mislead, or impress false opinions. * DE-CEP'TO-RY, a. Tending to deceive ; containing qual ities or means adapted to mislead, f DE-CERN', V. t. [L. decerno.] To judge ; to estimate t DE-CERPT', a. [L. decerptv^.] Cropped. DE-CERP'TI-BLE, a. That may be taken off. DE-CERP'TION, n. [L. decerpo ] A pulling or plucking off, a cropping. Olanville. DE-CER-Ta'TION, n. [L. decertatio.] Strife ; contest for mastery. [Little used.] Brown. DE-CES'SION, n. [L. decessio.] Departure. [Little used.} DE-CHARM', V. t. [Fr. deckarmer.] To remove a spell or enchantment ; to disenchant. Harvey. DE-CHARM'ED, (de-charmd') pp. Disenchanted. DE-CHARM'ING, ppr. Removing a spell. DE-€HRIS'TIAN-lZE, v. t To turn from Christianity ; to banish Christian belief and principles from. J. P. Smith. DE-CiD'A-BLE, a. That may be decided. Jones. DE-ClDE', V. t. [L. decido.] 1. To end ; to determine, as a controversy. 2. To end or determine, as a dispute or quarrel. 3. To end or determine a combat or battle. 4. To determine ; to fix the event of. 5. In general, to end ; to terminate. DE-CiDE', V. i. To determine ; to form a definite opinion ; to come to a conclusion. DE CiD'ED, pp. Determined ; ended ; concluded. DE-ClD'ED, a. That implies decision ; clear ; unequivocal , that puts an end to doubt. P. Henry. DE-CiD'ED-LY, adv. In a decided or determined manner; clearly ; indisputably, t DE-Ci'DENCE, n. [L. decidens.] A falling off. Brown. DE-ClD'ER, n. One who determines a cause or contest. DE-ClD'ING, ppr. Determining; ending; concluding. DE-CID'U-OUS, a. [L. decidnus.] Falling; not perennial or permanent.' — In botany, a deciduous leaf is one which falls in autumn. DE-CID'U-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of falling once a year. DEC'I-GRAM, n. A French weight of one tenth of a gram. De'CIL, n. An aspect or position of two planets, when they are distant from each other a tenth part of the zo- diac. DEC'I-LIT-ER, n. A French measure of capacity equal to one tenth of a liter. DEC'I-MAL, a. [L. dccimus.] 1. Numbered by ten. 2 Increasing or diminishing by ten ; as, decimal fractions 3. Tenth. DEC'I-MAL, n. A tenth. DEC'I-MAL-LY, atZu. By tens ; by means of decimals. DEC'I-MATE, V. t. [L. decimo.] 1, To tithe ; to take the tenth part. 2. To select by lot and punish with death every tenth man. 3. To take every te.ith. DEC-I-Ma'TION, n. I. A tithing; a selection of every tenth by lot. 2. The selecting by lot for punishment eve- ry tenth man in a company or regiment, &c. DEC'I-MA-TOR, n. One who selects every tenth man for punishment. South. DE-CIM'E-TER, n. A French measure of length equal to the tenth part of a metre. DEC'I-MO-SEX'TO, n. [L.] A book is in decimo-sexto, when a sheet is folded into sixteen leaves. Taylor. DE-CI'PHER, V. t. [Fr. dcchiffrer.] I. To find the alpha- bet of a cipher ; to explain what is written in ciphers, by finding what letter each character or mark represents. 2. To unfold ; to unravel what is intricate ; to explain what is obscure or difficult to be understood. 3. To write out ; to mark down in characters ; [uncommon.] 4. To stamp ; to mark ; to characterize ; [unusual.] Shak. DE-Ci'PHERED, pp. Explained ; unravelled ; marked. DE-Ci'PHER-ER, n. One who explains what is written in ciphers DE-Cl'PHER-ING, ppr. Explaining ; detecting the letters represented by ciphers ; unfolding ; marking. DE-CIS'ION, n. [L. decisio.] 1. Determination, as of a question or doubt ; final judgment or opinion, in a case which has been under deliberation or discussion. 2. De- termination of a contest or event ; end of a struggle. — 3, In Scotland, a narrative or report of the proceedings of the court of sessions. 4. Report of the opinions and de- terminations of any tribunal. 5. Act of separation ; di- vision ; [not used.] DE-Ci'SIVE, a. 1. Having the power or quality of de termining a question, doubt, or any subject of deliber- ation ; final ; conclusive ; putting an end to controver- * See Synopsis. 5, E, I, o, V, Y, long—FKU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRD;— f Obsolete. DEC 225 DEC sy. 2 Having the power of determining a contest or event. DE-CI'SIVE-LY, adv. In a conclusive manner. DE-CI'SIVE-NESS, n. 1. The power of an argument or of evidence to terminate a difference or doubt ; conclusive- ness. 2. The power of an event to put an end to a con- test^ DE-Cl'SO-RY, a. Able to decide or determine. DE€K, v.t. [D. dekken; G. decken] 1 Primarily, to cover ; to overspread ; to put on. 2. To clothe ; to dress • the person ; but usually, tO clothe with more than ordina- ry elegance ; to array ; to adorn ; to embellish. 3. To furnish with a deck, as a vessel. DECK, n, 1. The covering of a ship, which constitutes a floor, made of timbers and planks. 2. A pack of cards piled regularly on each other. DECKED, pp. Covered ; adorned ; furnished with a deck. DECK'ER, ri. I. One who decks or adorns; a coverer. 2. Of a ship, we say, she is a two-decker or a three-decker, that is, she has two decks or three decks. DECK'ING, ppr. Covering ; arraying ; adorning. DECK'ING, 71. Ornament ; embellishment. DE-CLaIM , ij. i. [L. declamo.] 1 . To speak a set oration in public ; to speak rhetorically ; to make a formal speech, or oration. 2. To harangue ; to speak loudly or earnest- ly, to a public body or assembly, with a view to convince their minds or move their passions. DE-CLAIM', V. t. 1. To speak in public. 2. To speak in favor of ; to advocate ; [not in tise.} DE-CLaIM'ANT, ) n. I. One who declaims ; a speaker in DE-CLaIM'ER, \ public ; one who attempts to convince by a harangue. 2. One who speaks clamorously. DE-CLAiai'ING, ppr. Speaking rhetorically ; haranguing. DE-CLaIM'ING, 71. A harangue. Bp. Taylor. DEC-LA-Ma'TION, n. [L. declamatio.] 1. A speech made in public, in the tone and manner of an oration ; a dis- course addressed to the reason or to the passions ; a set speech ; a harangue. 2. A piece spoken in public, or in- tended for the public. t DEC-LA-Ma'TOR, n. A declaimer. Taylor. DE-CLAM'A-TO-RY, a. [L. dedamatorius.] 1. Relating to the practice of declaiming ; pertaining to declamation ; treated in the manner of a rhetorician. 2. Appealing to the passions ; noisy ; rhetorical without solid sense or ar- gument. DE-CLaR'A-BLE, a. That may be declared or proved. DEC-LA-Ra'TION, 71. [L. declaratio.] 1. An affirmation ; an open expression of facts or opinions ; verbal utterance. 2. Expression of facts, opinions, promises, predictions, &c., in writings ; records or reports of what has been de- clared or uttered. 3. Publication ; manifestation. 4. A public annunciation ; proclamation. — 5. In laic, that part of the process or pleadings in which the plaintiff sets forth at large his cause of complaint ; the narration or count. DE-CLAR'A-TlVE, a. 1. Making declaration ; explanato- ry ; making show or manifestation. 2. Making procla- mation or publication. DE-CLAR'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. By declaration or exhibition . DE-CLAR'A-TO-RY, a. Making declaration, clear mani- festation or exhibition; expressive. DE-CLaRE', v.t. [L. decla7-o.] 1. To clear; to free from obscmity ; to make plain ; [obs.] Boyle. 2. To make known ; to tell explicitly ; to manifest or communicate plainly to others by words. 3. To make known ; to show to the eye or to the understanding ; to exhibit ; to mani- fest by other means than words. 4. To publish ; to pro- claim. 5. To assert ; to affirm. — To declare one's self, to throw off reserve, and avow one's opinion ; to show open- ly what one thinks, or which side he espouses. DE-CIilRE', V. i. 1. To make a declaration ; to proclaim or avow some opinion or resolution in favor or in opposi- tion ; to make known explicitly some determination. — 2. In law, to recite the causes of complaint against the defendant. 3. To show or manifest the issue or event ; to decide in favor of. DE-CLaR'ED, (de-klard') pp. Made known ; told explicitly ; avowed ; exhibited ; manifested ; pubUshed ; proclaimed ; recited. DE-CLaR'ED-LY, adv. Avowedly ; explicitly. OE-CLaR'ER, n. One who makes known or publishes ; that which exhibits. DE-CLaR'ING, ppr. Making known by words or by other means ; manifesting ; publishing ; affirming ; reciting the cause of complaint. UE-CLaR'ING, n. Declaration; proclamation. DE-CLEN'SION, n. [L. declinatio.] 1. Literally, a leaning back or down ; hence, a falling or declining towards a worse state ; a tendency towards a less degree of excel- lence or perfection. 2. Declination; a declining; de- scent; slope. — 3. In ^ffl/awiar, inflection of nouns, adjec- tives and pronouns ; the declining, deviation or leaning of the termination of a word from the termination of the nominative case ; change of termination to form the ob- lique cases. DE-CLTN'A-BLE, a. That may be declined ; changing its termination in the oblique cases. DEC'LI-KATE, a. [L. declinatus.] In botany, bending or bent downwards, in a curve ; declining. DEC-LI-Na'TION, n. 1. ^ leaning ; the act of bending down. 2. A declining, or falling into a worse state ; change from a better to a worse condition ; decay ; dete- rioration ; gradual failure or diminution of strength, sound- ness, vigor or excellence. 3. A deviation from a right line, in a literal sense ; oblique motion. 4. Deviation from rectitude in behavior or morals ; obliquity of condiict. — 5. In astronomy, a variation from a fixed point or line. The distance of any celestial object from the equinoctial line, or equator, either northward or southward.— 6. Dec- lination of the compass or needle is the variation of the needle from the true meridian of a place. — 7. In dialing, the declination of a wall or plane is an arch of the hori- zon, contained between the plane and the prime vertical circle, if reckoned from the east or west, or between the meridian and the plane, if you reckon from the north or south.— 8. In grammar, declension ; or the inflection of a noun through its various terminations. DEC-LI-Na'TOR, I n. An instrument for taking the dec- DE-CLIN'A-TO-RY, \ lination or inclination of a plane ; an instrument in dialing. — Declinatory plea, in law, a plea before trial or conviction. DE-CLlNE', V. i. [L. declino.] 1. To lean downward. 2. To lean from a right line ; to deviate. 3. To lean or de- viate from rectitude ; to leave the path of truth or justice, or the course prescribed. 4. To fall ; to tend or draw to- wards the close. 5. To avoid or shun ; to refuse ; not to comply ; not to do. 6. To fall ; to fail , to sink ; to de- cay ; to be unpaired ; to tend to a less perfect state. 7. To sink ; to diminish ; to fall in value. DE-CLlNE', V. i. 1. To bend downward ; to bring down. 2. To bend to one side ; to move from a fixed point or right line. 3. To shun or avoid ; to refuse ; not to engage in ; to be cautious not to do or interfere ; not to accept or comply with. 4. To inflect ; to change the termination of a word, for forming the oblique cases. DE-CLlNE', n. Literally, a leaning from ; hence, a falling off ; a tendency to a worse state ; diminution or decay ; deterioration. DE-CLlN'ED, (de-klind') pp. Bent downward or from ; in- flected. DE-CLlN'ING, ppr. Leaning ; deviating ; falling ; failing ; decaying ; tending to a worse state ; avoiding ; refusing ; inflecting. DE-CLIV'I-TY, n. [L. declivitas.] Declination from a hori- zontal line ; descent of land ; inclination downward ; a slope ; a gradual descent, DE-CLi'VOUS, or DE-CLIV'I-TOUS, a. Gradually de- scending ; not precipitous ; sloping. DE-COCT', V. t. [L. decoquo, decoctum.] 1. To prepare by boiling ; to digest in hot or boiling water. 2. To digest by the heat of the stomach ; to prepare as food for nour- ishing the body. 3. To boil in water, for extracting the principles or virtues of a substance. 4. To boil up to a consistence ; to invigorate. DE-COCT'I-BLE, a. That may be boiled or digested. DE-COC'TION, 71. [Fr. decoction.] 1. The act of boilmg a substance in water, for extracting its virtues. 2. The liquor in which a substance has been boiled ; water im- pregnated with the principles of any animal or vegetable substance boiled in it. DE-COCT'IVE, a. That may be easily decocted. DE-COCT'URE, n. A substance drawn by decoction. De'COL-LATE, V. t. [L. decollo.] To behead. Burke. Dk'COL-LA-TED, pp. Beheaded. DE-COL-La'TION, 71. [1^. decollatic] The act of behead- ing ; the act of cutting off the neck of an animal, and sev- ering the head from the body. DE-C6L-OR-a'TION, n. [L, decoloratio.] Absence of col- or. Ferrand. Dk'COM-PLEX, a. Compounded of complex ideas Locke. DE-COM-Po'SA-BLE, a. That may be decomposed ; capa- ble of being resolved into its constituent elements. DE-COM-PoSE', v. t. [Fr. decomposer.'] To separate the constituent parts of a body or substance ; to disunite ele mentary particles combined by affinity or chemical attrac tion ; to resolve into original elements. DE-COM-PoS'ED, (de-kom-p6zd') ;»p. Separated or resolved into the constituent parts. DE-COM-PoS'ING, ppr. Separating into constituent parts. DE-COM-POS'ITE, a. [L. de and compositus.] Compounded a second time ; compounded with things already com- posite. Bacon. DE-COM-PO-Sl"TION, n. 1. Analysis; the act of separa ting the constituent parts of a substance, which are chem- ically combined. 2. A second composition ; [in this sense not Msed.] Boyle, DE-eOM-POUND', v. t. 1. To compound a second time , to compound or mix with that which is already com- See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE- -BULL, UNITE.— € as K i 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete DEC 226 DED pound ; to form by a second composition. JVewton. 2. To decompose ; [little xised.] DE-CXDM-POUND', a. 1. Composed of tilings or words al- ready compounded ; compounded a second time. Boyle. 2. A decompound leaf, in botary, is when the primary petiole is so divided that each part forms a compound leaf. DE-€OM-POUND'A-BLE, a. That may be decompouCided. DE-€OM-POUND'ED, pp. Compounded a second time j composed of things alreaiV compounded. DE-COM-POUND'ING, ppr. Compounding a second time. 1 DE€'0-RA-MENT, n. Ornament ; embellishment. DECO-RATE, v. t. [L. decora.] 1. To adorn ; to beautify ; to embellish ; used of external ornaments or apparel. 2. To adoni with internal grace or beauty ; to render lovely. 3. To adorn or beautify with any thing agreeable ; to em- bellish. DEC'O-RA-TED, pp. Adorned ; beautified ; embellished. J)Ee'0-RA-TING, ppr. Adorning 5 embellishing ; rendermg beautiful to the eye, or lovely to the mnid. J)E€-0-Ra'TION, 71. 1. Ornament; embellishment; any thing added which renders more agreeable to the eye or to the intellectual view.— 2. In architecture, any thing which adorns and enriches an edifice, as vases, paintings, figures, festoons, &c.— 3. In theatres, the scenes, which are changed as occasion requires. DE€'0-RA-TOR, n. One who adorns or embellishes. *DE€'0-R0US, or DE-€o'ROUS, a. [L. decor us.] De- cent ; suitable to a character, or to the time, place and occasion ; becoming ; proper ; befitting. * DE€'0-ROUS-LY, adv. In a becoming manner. DE-€OR'TI-€ATE, v. t. [L. decortico.] To strip ofi" bark ; to peel ; to husk ; to take off the exterior coat. DE-COR TI-CA-TED, Pi?. Stripped of bark ; peeled; husk- ed. DE-€OR'TI-€A-TING, ppr. Stripping off bark or the ex- ternal coat ; peeling. DE-COR-TI-Ga'TION, 71. The act of stripping off bark or husk. DE-€o'RUM, n. [L.] 1. Propriety of speech or behavior; suitableness of speech and behavior to one's own charac- ter, and to the characters present, or to the place and oc- casion ; seemliness ; decency ; opposed to rudeness, li- centiousness or levity. — 2. In architecture, tlie suitable- ness of a building, and of its parts and ornaments, to iis place and uses. DE-COY', V. t. [p. kocri.] To lead or lure by artifice into a snare, with a view to catch ; to draw into any situation to be taken by a foe ; to entrap by any m.eans which deceive. DE-COY', n. 1. Any thing intended to lead into a snare ; any lure or allurement that deceives and misleads into evil, danger or the power of an enemy. 2. A place for catching wild fowls. DE-COY'-DUCK, n. A duck employed to draw others into a net or situation to be taken. DE-€OY'ED, (de-koyd') pp. Lured or drawn into a snare or net ; allured into danger by deception. DE-€OY'ING, ppr. Luring into a snare or net by deception ; leading into evil or danger. DE-€OY'-MAN, n. A man employed in decoying and catchijig fowls. DE-€ReASE', v. i. [L. decresco.] To become less ; to be diminished gradually, in extent, bulk, quantity or amount, or in strength, quality or excellence. DE-€ReASE', v. t. To lessen ; to make smaller in dimen- sions, amount, quality or excellence, &c. ; to diminish gradually, or by small deductions. DE-CPcEASE', n. 1. A becoming less ; gradual diminution ; decay. 2. The wane of the moon , the gradual diminu- tion "of the visible face of the moot from the full to the change. DE-€ReAS'ED, (de-kreesf) pp. Lessened ; diminished. DE-€ReAS'ING, ppr. Becoming less ; diminishing ; wan- ing. DE-CREE', ??. [L. decretiim.] 1. Judicial decision, or deter- mination of a litigated cause.— 2. In the civil law, a de- termination, or judgment of the emperor on a suit between parties 3. An edict or law made by a council for regu- lating any business within their jurisdiction. — 4. In gen- eral, an order, edict or law, made by a superior as a rule to govern inferior. 5. Established law, or rule.— 6. In theology, predetermined purpose of God. DECREE', V. t. 1. To determine judicially ; to resolve by sentence. 2. To determine or resolve legislatively; to fix or appoint ; to set or constitute by edict or in purpose. DE-CREED', pp. Detennined judicially ; resolved ; appoint- ed ; established in purpose. DE-CREE'ING, ppr. Determining ; resolving ; appointing ; ordering. DEC'RE-MENT, 71, [L.decrementiim.] 1. Decrease ; waste ; the state of becoming less gradually. 2. The quantity lost by gradual diminution or waste. — 3. In heraldry, the wane of the moon. — 4. In crystalography , a successive diminution of the lamens of molecules. DE-CREP'IT, a. [L. decrepitus.] Broken down with age ; wasted or worn by the iniirmities of old age ; being in the last stage of decay ; weakened by age. Pope. DE-CREP'I-TATE, v. t. [L. decrepo.] To roast or calcine in a strong heat, with a continual bursting or crackling of the substance. DE-CREP'I-TATE, v.i. To crackle, as salts when roast ing. DE-CREP'I-TA-TED, pp. Roasted with a crackling noise. DE-CREP'I-TA-TING, ppr. Crackling ; roasting with a crackling noise ; suddenly bursting when exposed to heat. DE-CREP-1-Ta'TION, 71. The act of roasting with a con- tinual crackling ; or the separation of parts with a crack- ling noise, occasioned by heat. DE-€REP'IT-NESS, I n. The broken, crazy state of the DE-CREP'I-TLT)E, \ body, produced by decay and the infirmities of age. DE-CRES'CENT, a. [L. decresceiis.] Decreasing ; becom- ing less by gradual diminution. DE-€Re'TAL, a. Appertaining to a decree ; containing a decree ._ * DE-€Re'TAL, 71. 1. A letter of the pope, determining some point or question in ecclesiastical law. 2. A book of decrees or edicts ; a body of laws. 3. A collection of the pope's decrees. t DE-€Re'TION, n. A decreasmg. Pearson. DE-€Re'TIST, 71. One who studies or professes the knowl- edge of the decretals. DECRE-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a definitive manner. DEC'RE-TO-RY, a. 1. Judicial ; definitive ; established by a decree. 2. Critical ; determining ; in which there is some definitive ev^eut. t DE-CREW, V. i. To decrease. DE-€Rl'AL, n. A crying down ; a clamorous censure ; condemnation by censure. DE-CRl'ED, (de-kride') pp. Cried down ; discredited ; brought into disrepute. DE-CRl'ER, 71. One who decries. DE-CROWN', v.t. To deprive of a crown. [Little used.] DE-CROWN' [NG, n. The act of depriving of a crown. DE-€RUS-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr. decrustation.] An uncrusting. DE-CRY', V. t. [Fr. decrier.] 1. To cry down ; to censure as faulty, mean or worthless ; to clamor against ; to dis- credit by finding fault. 2. To cry down, as improper or unnecessary ; to rail or clamor against ; to bring into dis- repute ; as, to decry the measures of administration. DEC-U-Ba'TION, n. [L. decumbo.] The act of lying down, Evelyn. DE-CUM'BENCE, ) 71. [L. decumbcns.] The act of lying DE-CUM'BEN-CY, ] down ; the posture of lying down. DE-CUM'BENT, a. In botany, declined or bending down ; having the stamens and pistils bending down to the lower side. DE-CUM'BI-TURE, n. 1. The time at which a person takes to his bed in a disease. — 2. In astrology, the scheme or aspect of the heavens, by which the prognostics of re- covery or death are discovered. DEC'U-PLE, a. [L. decuplus.] Tenfold; containing ten times as many. DEC'U-PLE, 71. A number ten times repeated. DE-Cu'RI-ON, 71. [L. decurio.] An officer in the Roman army, who commanded a decuria, or ten soldiers. DE-CUR'RENT, a. [L. decurreiis.] Extending downwards. Mart7j7i. DE-CUR'SION, 71. [L. decursio.] The act of running down, as a stream. Hale. DE-CUR 'SIVE, a. Running down — Decursivehj pinnate. in botany, applied to a leaf having the leaflets decurrentj or running along the petiole. t DE-CURT', v. t. [L. decurto.] To shorten by cutting off. DE-CUR-Ta'TION, 7?. [L. decurto.] The act of shorten- ing, or cutting short. DEC'U-RY, n. [L. decuria.] A set of ten men under an officer called decurio. * De'CUS-SATE, or DE-CUS'SATE, v. t. [L. decusso.] To intersect ; to cross ; as lines, rays, or nerves in the bnriv. * De'CUS-SATE, ) a. Crossed ; intersected.— In botany, * De'CUS-SA-TED, \ decussated leaves and branches are such as grow in pairs, which alternately cross each other at_right angles, or in a regular manner. Lee. * De'CUS-SA-TING, ppr. Intersecting at acute angles ; crossing. DE-CUS-Sa'TION, 71. The act of crossing at unequal an- gles ; the crossing of two lines, rays or nen'es, which meet in a point, tmd then proceed and diverge. DE-Da'LI-AN, a. [from Dcedalus.] Various ; variegated ; intricate ; complex ; expert. DED'A-LOUS, a. [from Dcedalus.] Having a margin with various windings and turnings ; of a beautiful and deli- cate texture. Lee. t DE-DEC'O-RATE, v. t. [L. dedecoro.] To disgrace. t DE-DEC-O-Ra'TION, n. A disgracing. DE-DEC'0-ROUS. a. Disgraceful ; reproachful. See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY :— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— t Obsolete DEE 227 DEF DE-DEN-Tl' TION, n. The shedding of teeth. DED'I-eATE, V. t. [L. dedico.] 1. To set apart and conse- crate to a divine Being, or to a sacred purpose ; to devote to a sacred use, by a solemn act, or by religious ceremo- nies 2. To appropriate solemnly to any person or pur- pose ; to give wholly or chiefly to. 3. To inscribe or address to a patron. DED'I-eATE, a. Consecrated ; devoted ; appropriated. Shak. DED'I-€A-TED, pp. Devoted to a divine Being, or to a sacred use ; consecrated ; appropriated ; given wholly to. DED'I-€A-TING, ppr. Devoting to a divine Being, or to a sacred purpose ; consecrating ; appropriating ; giving wholly to. DED-I-Ca'TION, w. 1. The act of consecrating to a divine Being, or to a sacred use, often with religious solemnities ; solemn appropriation. 2. The act of devoting or giving to. 3. An address to a patron, prefixed to a book, testify- ing respect, and recommending the work to his protection and favor. DED'I-€A-T0R, n. One who dedicates ; one who inscribes a book to the favor of a patron. Pope. DED'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Composing a dedication. DE-DI"TION, n. [L. deditio.] The act of yielding any thing ; surrendry. Hale. t DED^O-LENT, a. [L. dedoleo.] Feeling no compunction. DE-DuCE', V. t. [L. deduco.] 1. To draw from ; to bring from. 2. To draw from, in reasoning ; to gather a truth, opinion or proposition from premises ; to infer something from what precedes. Locke. 3. To deduct ; [not in use.] B. Jonson. 4. To transplant ; [not in use.] Selden. DE-DuC'ED, (de-dusf) pp. Drawn from ; mferred ; as a consequence from principles or premises. DE-DtJCE'MENT, n. The thing drawn from or deduced ; inference ; that which is collected from premises. Dryden. DE-DuC'I-BLE, a. That may be deduced ; inferable ; col- lectible by reason from premises ; consequential. DE-DuC'ING, ppr. Drawing from ; inferring ; collecting froni principles or facts already established or known. DE-DU'CIVE, a. Performing the act of deduction. [L. u.] DE-DUCT', V. t. [L. deduco, dcductum.] To take from ; to subtract ; to separate or remove, in numbering, estimating or calculating. DE-DUCT'ED, pp. Taken from ; subtracted. DE-DUCT'ING, ppr. Taking from ; subtracting. DE-DUCTION, 71. [h. deductio.] 1. The act of deducting, 2. That which is deducted ; sum or amount taken from another ; defalcation ; abatement. 3. That which is drawn from premises ; fact, opinion or hypothesis, col- lected from principles or facts stated, or established data ; inference ; consequence drawn ; conclusion. DE-DU€T'IVE, a. Deducible ; that is or may be deduced from premises. Olanville. DE-DUCT'IVE-LY, adv. By regular deduction ; by way of inference ; by consequence. Broken. DEED, n. [Sax. d^Bd.] 1. That which is done, acted or ef- fected ; an act ; a fact. 2. Exploit ; achievement ; illus- trious act. 3. Power of action ; agency. 4. A writing containing some contract or agreement, and the evidence of its execution ; particularly, an instrument on paper or parchment, conveying real estate to a purchaser or donee. — Indeed, in fact ; in reality. These words are united, and called an adverb. DEED, V. t. To convey or transfer by deed ; a popular use of the word in America. DEED'-A-CHIeV'ING, a. That accomplishes great deeds. DEED'LESS, a. Inactive ; not performing or having per- formed deeds or exploits. Pope. DEED'-PoLL, n. A deed not indented, that is, shaved or even, made by one party only. Blackstone. fDEED'Y, a. Active; industrious. DEEM, V. t. [Sax. deman.] 1. To think ; to judge ; to be of opinion ; to conclude on consideration. 2. To esti- mate ; [obs.] Spenser DEEM, V. i. To judge ; to think ; to estimate. t DEEM, 71. Opinion ; judgment ; surmise. Shak. DEEMED, pp. Thought j judged ; supposed. DEEM'ING, ppr. Thinkmg ; judging ; believing. DEEM'STER, n. [deem and ster.] A judge in the Isle of Man, and in Jersey. Johnson. DEEP, a. [Sax.deop,dypa; B.diep.] 1. Extending or being far below the surface ; descending far downward ; pro- found ; opposed to shallow. 2. Low in situation ; being or descending far below the adjacent land. 3. Entering far ; piercing a great way. 4. Far from the outer part ; secreted. 5. Not superficial or obvious ; hidden ; secret. 6. Remote from comprehension. 7. Sagacious; penetrat- ing; having the power to enter far into a subject. 8. Artful ; contriving ; concealing artifice ; insidious ; de- signing. 9. Grave in sound ; low. 10. Very still ; sol- emn ; profound. 11. Thick; black; not to be penetrated by the sight. 12. Still ; sound ; not easily broken or dis- turbed. 13. Depressed ; sunk low, metaphorically. 14. Dark ; intense ; strongly colored. 15. Unknown ; unin- telligible. 16. Heart-felt ; penetrating ; affecting. 17. Intricate ; not easily understood or unraveled. — This word often qualifies a verb, like an sidverb. DEEP, 71. 1. The sea ; the abyss of waters ; the ocean. 2. A lake ; a great collection of water. 3. That which is profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible. 4. The most still or solemn part ; the midst. DEEP'-DRAW-ING, a. Sinking deep into the water. DEEP'EN, "(dee'pn) v.t. 1. To make deep or deeper; to sink lower. 2. To make dark or darker ; to make more thick or gloomy. 3. To give a darker hue, or a stronger color. 4. To make more poignant or distressing. 5. To make more frightful. 6. To make more sad or gloomy 7. To make more grave. DEEP'EN, V. i. To become more deep. DEEP'ENED, pp. Made more deep. DEEP'EN-ING, ppr. Sinking lower ; making more deep DEEP'LY, adv. 1 . At or to a great depth ; far below the surface. 2. Profoundly ; thoroughly. 3. To or from the inmost recesses of the heart ; with great sorrow ; most feelingly. 4. To a great degree. 5. With a dark hue, or strong color. 6. Gravely. 7. With profound skill ; with art or intricacy. DEEP'-MOUTHED, a. Having a hoarse, loud, hollow voice. Shak. DEEP'-MUS-ING, a. Contemplative; thinking closely or profoundly. Pope. DEEP'NESS, n. 1. Depth ; remoteness from the surface in a descending line ; interior distance from the surface ; profundity. 2. Craft ; insidiousness ; [unusual.] DEEP'-READ, a. Having fully read ; profoundly versed L''Estrange. DEEP'-RE-VOLV'ING, a. Profoundly revolving or medi- tating. Shak. DEEP'-THRoAT-ED, a. With deep throats. Milton. DEEP'-ToNED, a. Having a very low or grave tone. DEEP'-VAULT-ED, a. Formed like a deep vault or arch' DEEP'-WaIST-ED, a. Having a deep waist, as a ship when the quarter deck and forecastle are raised from four to six feet above the level of the main deck. DEER, 71. sing, and plu. [Sax. deor.] A quadruped of the genus cervus, of several species ; as the stag, the fallow- deer, the roe-buck, the rein, or rein-deer, &c. DEER'-STICAL-ER, n. One who steals deer. DEER'-STeAL-ING, n. The act or crime of stealing deer. t De'ESS, 71. [Fr. dcesse.] A goddess. Croft. DE-FaCE', v. t. [Arm. difagza ; L. de and facia.] 1. To destroy or mar the face or surface of a thing ; to injure the superficies or beauty ; to disfigure. 2. To injure any thing ; to destroy, spoil or mar ; to erase or obliterate. 3. To injure the appearance ; to disfigure. DE-Fa'CED, (de-faste') pp. Injured on the surface ; disfig- ured^; marred ; erased. DE-FaCE'MENT, n. Injury to the surface or beauty ; ra- sure ; obliteration ; that which mars beauty, or disfigures DE-Fa'CER, n. He or that which defaces ; one who in- jures, mars or disfigures. DE-Fa'CING, ppr. Injuring the face or surface ; marring ; disfiguring ; erasing. DE FAC'TO. [L.] Actually ; in fact ; existing ; as a king de facto, distinguished from a king de jure, or by right. t DE-FaIL'ANCE, n. [Fr.] Failure ; miscarriage. DE-FAL'CATE, v. t. [Fr. defalquer.] To cut off; to take away or deduct a part ; used chiefly of money, accounts, rents, income, &c. DE-FAL-Ca'TION, 71 1. The act of cutting off, or deduct- ing a part; deduction, diminution; abatement. 2. That which is cut off. t DE-FALK', v. t. To defalcate. Bp. Hall. DEF-A-Ma'TION, 71. The uttering of slanderous words with a view to injure another's reputation ; the malicious uttering of falsehood respecting another which tends to destroy or impair his good name, character or occupation ; slander ; calumny. DE-FAM'A-TO-RY, a. Calumnious ; slanderous ; contain^ ing defamation ; false, and injurious to reputation. DE-FaME', 7). «. [Yr.diffamer.] 1. To slander; falsely and maliciously to utter words respecting another which tend to injure his reputation or occupation. 2. To speak evil of; to dishonor by false reports ; to calumniate ; to libel ; to impair reputation by acts or words. DE-FaM'ED, (de-famd') pp. Slandered ; dishonored or in- jured by evil reports. DE-FaM"ER, n. A slanderer ; a detractor ; a calumniator DE-FaM'ING, ppr. Slandering ; injuring the character by false reports. DE-FaM'ING, n. Defamation ; slander. Jeremiah. DE-FAT I-GA-BLE, a. Liable to be wearied. [JVof much used.] Olanville. DE-FAT'I-GATE, v. t. [L. defatigo.] To weary or tu-e, jLittle used.] Herbert. DE-FAT-I-Ga'TION, n. Weariness. [Little used.) Bacon. DE-FAULT', 71. [Fr.defaut.] 1. A failing, or failure; an omission of that which ought to be done ; neglect to do * .See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as In this, f Obsolete DEF 228 DEF what dnty or law requires. 9. Defect ; want ; failure. — 3. In law, a failure of appearance in court at a day as- signed, particularly of the defendant in a suit when called to make answer. — To suffer a default, is to permit an ac- tion to be called without appearing or answering. DE-FAULT', V. i. To fail in performing a contract or agree- ment. Johnson. DE-FAULT', V. t 1. In law, to call out a .defendant, [ac- cording to the common expression.] To call a defendant officially, to appear and answer in court, and on his fail- ing to answer, to declare him in default, and enter judg- ment against him. 2. To call out a cause, in v/hich the defendant does not appear, and enter judgment on the default. 3. To fail in performance. t DE-FAULT', V. t. To offend. DE-FAULT'ED, pp. 1. Called out of court, as a defendant or his cause. 2. a. Having defect. DE-FAULT'ER, n. 1. One who makes default ; one wno fails' to appear in court when called. 2. One who fails to perform a public duty ; particularly, one who fails to ac- count for public money intrusted to his care ; a delin- quent. DE-FAULT'ING, ppr. I. Failing to fulfil a contract ; de- linquent. 2. Failing to perform a duty or legal require- ment. 3. Calling out of court, and entering judgment against for non-appearance. DE-FEAiS'ANCE, n. [Norm, defesance.] 1. Literally, a defeating ; a rendering null ; the preventing of the opera- tion of an instrument.— 2. In law, a condition, relating to a deed, which being perfonned, tlie deed is defeated or rendered void. 3. The writing containing a defeasance. 4. Defeat ; [obs.] Spenser. DE-FeAS'I-BLE, a. That may be defeated or annulled. DE-FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being defeas- ible. DE-FeAT', ?z. [Ft. defaite.] 1. Overthrow; loss of battle. The check, rout, or destruction of an army by the victory of an enemy. 2. Successful resistance ; as, the defeat of an attack. 3. Frustration ; a rendering null and void. 4. .Frustration ; prevention of success. DE-FeAT', v. t. 1. To overcome or vanquish, as an army ; to check, disperse, or ruin by victory ; to overthrow. 2. To frustrate ', to prevent the success of ; to disappoint. 3. To render null and void. 4. To resist with success. DE-FeAT'ED, p2). Vanquished; effectually resisted ; over- thrown ; frustrated ; disappointed ; rendered null or in- operative. DE-FeAT'ING, ppr. Vanquishing ; subduing ; opposing successfully; overthrowing; frustrating; disappomting ; rendering null and void. DE-FeAT'URE, ?i. 1. Change of feature. S/iofc. 2. Over- throw ; defeat ; [obs.] Beaumont. DEF'E-€ATE, v. t. [L. defa-co.] 1. To purify ; to refine ; to clear from dregs or impurities ; to clarify. 2. To purify from admixture ; to clear ; to purge of extraneous matter. DEF'E-CA-TED, pj>. Purified; clarified; refined. DEF'E-€A-TING, ppr. Purifying ; purging of lees or im- purities. DEF-E-CA'TrON, n. The act of separating from lees or dregs ; purification from impurities or foreign matter. DE-FE€T', n. [l,. defectus.] 1. Want or absence of some- thing necessary or useful towards perfection ; fault ; im- perfection. 2. Failing ; fault; mistake; imperfection in moral conduct, or in judgment. 3. Any want, or imper- fection in natural objects ; the absence of any thing ne- cessary to perfection ; any thing unnatural or misplaced ; blemish ; deformity. tDE-FE€T', ?). i. To be deficient. Brown. DE-FECT-T-BIE'I-TY, 71. Deficiency ; imperfection. [Little used.] Hale. DE-FE€T'I-BLE, a. Imperfect ; deficient ; wanting. [Lit- tle uscdA Hale. DE-FE€'TI0N, n. [L. def actio.] 1. Want or failure of dn- ty ; particularly, a falling away ; apostasy ; the act of abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound by allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached himself. 2. Revolt. DE-FECT'IVE, a. [L. defectivus.] 1. Wanting either in substance, quantity or quality, or in any thing necessary ; imperfect. 2. Wanting in moral qualities ; faulty; blam- .ible : not conforming to rectitude or rule. — 3. In gram- mar, a. defective noun is one which wants a whole number or a particular case ; an indeclinable noun. 4. A defective verb is one which wants some of the tenses. DE-FE€T'1VE-LY, adv. In a defective manner; imper- fectly. DE-FE€T'IVE-NESS, n. Want; the state of being imper- fect ; faultiness. t DE-FE€T-U-0S'I-TY, n. Defectiveness ; faultiness. Mon- tacru. DE-FE€T'U-0US, c. Full of defects. [L.u.] Worthington. t DEF-E-Da'TION, 71. Pollution. Bentlcrj. DE-FEND', V. t. [L. defendo.] 1. To drive from ; to thrust back ; hence, to deny ; to repel a demand, charge, or ac- cusation ; to oppose; to resist ; the effect of which is to maintain one's own claims. 2. To forbid ; to prohibit , that is, to drive from, or back. Temple. 3. To drive back a foe or danger ; to repel from any thing that which as- sails or annoys ; to protect by opposition or resistance ; to support or maintain ; to prevent from being injured or destroyed. 4. To vindicate ; to assert ; to uphold ; to maintain uninjured, by force or by argument. 5. To se- cure against attacks or evil ; to fortify against danger or violence ; to set obstacles to the approach of anything that can annoy. DE-FEND', V. i. To make opposition. DE-FEND'A-BLE, a. That may be defended. DE-FEND'ANT, a. [French participle of de/e»idre.] 1. De- fensive ; proper for defense. 2. Making defense ; being in the character of a defendant. DE-FEND' ANT, n. 1. He that defends against an assail- ant, or against the approach of evil or danger. — 2. In la^v, the party that opposes a complaint, demand or charge ; he that is summoned into court, and defends, denies or op- poses the demand or charge. DE-FEND'ED, pp. Opposed ; denied ; prohibited ; main- tained by resistance ; vindicated ; preserved uninjured ; secured. DE-FEND'ER, n. One who defends by opposition ; one who maintains, supports, protects or vindicates ; an assertor ; a vindicator, either by arms or by arguments j a champion or an advocate. DE-FEND'ING, ppr. Denying ; opposing ; resisting ; for bidding ; maintaining uninjured by force or by reason ; securing from evil. DE-FENS'A-TiVE, n. Guard ; defense ; a bandage, or plaster, to secure a wound from external injury. DE-FENSE', (de-fens') n. [L. defensio.] 1. Any thing that opposes attack, violence, danger or injury ; anything that secures the persons, the rights or the possessions of men ; fortification ; guard ; protection ; security. 2. Vindica- tion ; justification ; apology ; that which repels or dis- proves a charge or accusation. — 3. In law, the defend- ant's reply to the plaintiff's declaration, demands, or charges. 4. Prohibition ; [obs,] 5. Resistance ; opposi- tion. 6. The science of defendmg against enemies ; mil- itary skill.— 7. In fortification, a work that flanks an- other. t DE-FENSE', V. t. To defend by fortification. DE-FENS'ED, (de-fensf) pp. Fortified. DE-FENSE'LESS, a. Being without defense ; unarmed ; unprotected ; unprepared to resist attack ; weak ; unable to oppose ; uncovered ; unsheltered. DE-FENSE'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being unguarded or unprotected. DE-PENS'I-BLE, a. I. That may be defended. 2. That may be vindicated, maintained or justified. DE-FENS'IVE, a. [Fr.defensif.] 1. That serves to defend , proper for defense. 2. Carried on in resisting attack or aggresaion. 3. In a state or posture to defend. DE-FENS'IVE, n. Safeguard ; that which defends.— To be on the defensive, or to stand on the defensive, is to be or stand in a state or posture of defense or resistance, in op- position to aggression or attack. DE-FENS'IVE-LY, adv. In a defensive manner ; on the defensive ; in defense. t DE-FENST', pp. Defended. Fairfax. DE-FER', V. t. [L. differ 0.] 1. To delay ; to put off; to postpone to a future time. 2. To refer ; to leave to an- other's judgment and determination. DE-FER', V. i. To yield to another's opinion ; to submit in opinion. DEF'ER-ENCE, ti. I. A yielding in opinion; submission of judgment to the opinion or judgment of another . Hence , regard ; respect. 2. Complaisance ; condescension. 3. Submission. DEF'ER-ENT, a. Bearing : carrying ; conveying. [Little used.] Bacon. DEF'ER-ENT, n. 1. That which carries or conveys. 2. A vessel in the human body for the conveyance of fluids, DEF-ER-EN'TIAL, a. Expressing deference. DE-FER'MENT, n. Delay. Suckling. DE-FER'RER, n. One who delays or puts off. B. Jonson. DE-FER'RING, ppr. Delaying ; postponing. DEF'FLY, adv. Finely ; nimbly. Sjyenser. Sec Deflt. DE-Fl'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. A daring ; a challenge to fight invitation to combat ; a call to an adversary to encounter, if he dare. 2. A challenge to meet in any contest ; a call upon one to make good any assertion or charge ; an invi- tation to maintain any cause or point. 3. Contempt of opposition or danger ; a daring or resistance that implies the contempt of an adversary, or of any opposing power. DE-Fl'A-TO-RY, n. Bidding or bearing defiance. DE-FI"CIEN-CY, orDE-Fl"CIENCE,w. [Tu. deficiens.] 1 A failing ; a falling short ; imperfection. 2. Want ; de- fect ; something less than is necessary. DE-FI'CIENT, a. 1. Wanting ; defective ; imperfect ; not eufiicient or adequate. 2. Wanting ; not having a full or * See Synopsis A, E, T, O, U, 1?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete DEF 229 DEF adequate supply. — Deficient numbers, in arithmetic, are those numbers, whose paxts, added together, make less than the integer, whose parts they are. DEF'I-CXT, n. Want ; deficiency ; as a deficit in the taxes or revenue. DE-Fi'ER, TO. A challenger ; one who dares to combat or encounter ; one who braves j one who acts in contempt of opposition, law or authority. + DE-FIG-U-Ra'TION, n. A disfiguring. Hall. t DE-FIG'URE, V. t. To delineate. Weever. DE-FlLE', V. t. [Sax. afylan, befylan, gefylan.] 1. To make unclean ; to render foul or dirty. 2. To make im- pure ; to render turbid. 3. To soil or sully ; to tarnish ; as reputation, &;c. 4, To pollute ; to make ceremonially unclean. 5. To corrupt chastity ; to debauch ; to violate. 6. To taint, in a moral sense ; to corrupt ; to vitiate ; to render impure with sin. DE-FlLE', v.i. [Fi. defiler.] To march off in a line, or file by file ; to file off. Roscoe. DE-FlLE', n. [Fr. defild.] A narrow passage or way, in which troops may march only in a file, or with a narrow front ; a long, narrow pass, as between hills, &c. DE-FlL'ED, (de-fild') jrp. Made dirty, or foul 5 polluted ; soiled ; corrupted 5 violated ; vitiated. DE-FlLE'MENT, TO. 1. The act of defiling, or state of being defiled ; foulness ; dirtiness ; uncleanness. 2. Corruption of morals, principles or character ; impurity 5 pollution by sin. DE-FlL'ER, n. One who defiles ; one who corrupts or vio- lates ; that which pollutes. DE-FlL'lNG, ppr. 1. Polluting ; making impure. 2. Marching in a file, or with a narrow front. DE-FlN'A-BLE, a. 1. Literally, that may be limited, or have its limits ascertained. Hence, capable of having its extent ascertained with precision ; capable of being fixed and determined. 2. That may be defined or described ; capable of having its signification rendered certain, or ex- pressed with certainty or precision. 3. That may be fix- ed, determined or ascertained. DE-FlNE', V. t. [L. definio.] 1. To determine or describe the end or limit. 2. To determine with precision ; to ascer- tain. 3. To mark the limit : to circumscribe 5 to bound. 4. To determine or ascertain the extent of the meaning of a word ; to ascertain the signification of a term 5 to ex- plain what a word is understood to express. 5. To de- scribe ; to ascertain or explain the distinctive properties or circumstances of a thing. f DE-FiNE', V. i. To determine ; to decide. Bacon. IDE-FlN'ED, (de-find') pp. 1. Determined; having the ex- tent ascertained ; having the signification determined. 2. Having the precise limit marked, or having a deter- minate limit. l)E-FlN'ER, TO. He who defines ; he who ascertains or marks the limits ; he who determines or explains the sig- nification of a word, or describes the distinctive properties of athing. DE-FlN'ING, ppr. Determining the limits ; ascertaining the extent ; explaining the meaning ; describing the prop- erties. DEF'I-NiTE, a. [L. definitus.] 1. Having certain limits ; bounded with precision ; determinate. 2. Having certain limits in signification ; determinate ; certain ; precise. 3. Fixed ; determinate ; exact ; precise. 4. Defining 7 limiting ; determining the extent. DEF'I-NiTE, TO. Thing defined. Jlyliffe. DEF'I-NiTE-LY, adv. Precisely ; in a definite manner. DEF'I-NlTE-NESS, to. Certainty of extent ; certainty of signification ; determinateness. DEF-I-M"TION, TO. [L. definitio.] 1. A brief description of a thing by its properties. — 9. In logic, the explication of the essence of a thing by its kind and difference. — 3, In lexicography, an explanation of the signification of a word or term, or "of what a word is understood to express. DE-FIN'1-TiVE, a. [L. definitivus.] I. Lhniting the ex- tent ; determinate ; positive ; express. 2. Limiting ; end- ing ; determining ; final. DE-FIN'I-TiVE, TO. In grammar, an adjective used to de- fine or limit the extent of the signification of an appellative or common noun. I>E-FIN'I-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. Determinately ; positively ; expressly. 2. Finally ; conclusivel> ; unconditionally. l)E-PIN'I-TlVE-NESS, to. Determinateness ; decisiveness ; conclusiveness. (■ DE-FIX', V. t. [L. defisro.'] To fix ; to fasten. Herbert. DEF-LA-GRA-BIL'I-TY, to. Combustibility; the quality of taking fire and burning away, as a metallic wire. Boyle. DE-FLa GRA-BLE, a. Combustible ; having the quality of taking fire and burning, as alcohol, oils, &c. Boyle. DEF'LA-GRATE, v. t. [L. deflagro.] To set fire to ; to burn ; to consume. DEF-LA-GRA TION, to. a kindling or setting fire to a sub- stance ; burning ; combustion. DEF'LA-GRA-TOR, to. a galvanic instrument for produc- ing combustion, particularly the combustion of metallic substances. Hare. DE-FLECT', v. i. [L. deflecto.] To turn from or aside ; to deviate from a true course or right line ; to swerve. DE-FLECT', v. t. To turn aside ; to turn or bend from a, right line or regular course. DE-FLECT'ED, pp. Turned aside, or from a direct line or course. — In botany, bending downward archwise. DE-FLECT'ING, ppr. Turning aside ; turning from a right line or regular comse. DE-FLE€'TION, TO. 1. Deviation; the act of turning aside , a turning from a true line or the regular course. 2. The departure of a ship from its true course. 3. A deviation of the rays of light towards the surface of an opaque body ; infiection. DE-FLEX'URE, to. A bending down ; a turning aside • de- viation. DEF'LO-RATE, a. [L. defloratus.] In botany, having cast its farin, pollen, or fecundating dust. Martyn. DEF-LO'RA'TION, TO. [Fr.] 1. The act of deflouring ; the act of aepriving of the flower or prime beauties ; particu larly, the act of taking away a woman's virginity. 2. A selection of the flower, or of that which is most valuable. DE-FLOUR', V. t. [L. dnfloro.] 1. To deprive a woman of her virginity. 2. To take away the prime beauty and grace of any thing, 3. To deprive of flowers. DE-FLOUR'ED, (de-flourd') pp. Deprived of maidenhood ; ravished ; robbed of prime beauty. DE-FLOUR'ER, to. One who deprives a woman of her virginity. DE-FLOUR'ING, ppr. Depriving of virginity or maiden- hood ; robbing of prime beauties. fDE-FLoW', V. i. [L. defiuo.] To flow down. Brown. DEF'LU-OUS, a. [L. defiiius.] Flowing down ; falling off'. [Little used.] DE-FLUX', n. [L. defluxus.] A flowing down ; a running downward. Bacon. DE-FLUX'ION, TO. [l^. defiuxio.'] 1. A flowing, running or falling of humors or fluid matter, from a superior to an in- ferior part of the body ; properly, an inflammation of a part, attended with increased secretion. 2. A discharge or flowing off of humors. t DEF'LY, ad.v. Dextrously ; skilAilly. Spenser. t DEF-OE-Da'TION, to. The act of making filthy; pol- lution. DE-FO-LI-a'TION, to. [L. de s,ndfoliatio.] Literally, the fall of the leaf or shedding of leaves ; but technically, the time or season of shedding leaves in autumn. DE-FoRCE', V. t. To disseize and keep out of lawful pos- session of an estate , to withhold the possession of an estate from the rightful owner. Blackstone. DE-FoRC'ED, (de-f6rst');)p. Kept out of lawful possession. DE-FoRCE'MENT, to. 1. The holding of lands or tene- ments to which another person has a right. — 2. In Scot- land, a resisting of an officer in the execution of law. DE-FOR'CIANT, to. He that keeps out of possession the rightful owner of an estate. DE-FoRC'ING, ppr. Keeping out of lawful possession. DE-FORM', V. t. [L. deformo.] 1. To mar or injure the form ; to alter that form or disposition of parts which is natural and esteemed beautiful, and thus to render it dis- pleasing to the eye ; to disfigure. 2. To render ugly or displeasing, by exterior applications or appendages. 3. To render displeasing. 4. To injure and render displeasing or disgusting ; to disgrace ; to disfigure moral beauty. 5. To dishonor ; to make ungraceful. DE-FORM', a. [L. deforwis.] Disfigured ; being of an un- natural, distorted, or disproportioned form ; displeasing to the eye. DEF-OR-Ma'TION, to. a disfiguring or defacing. DE-FORM'ED, (de-formd') pp. 1. Injured in the form ; dis- figured ; distorted ; ugly ; wanting natural beauty, or symmetry. 2. Base ; disgraceful. DS-FORM'ED-LY.arfc. In an ugly manner. DE-FORM'ED-NESS, n. Ugliness ; a disagreeable or unnat- ural form. DE-FORM'ER, to. One who deforms. DE-FORM'ING, ppr. Marring the natural form or figure , rendering ugly or displeasing ; destroying beauty , DE-FORM'I-TY, to. [L. deformitas.] 1. Any unnatural state of the shape or form ; want of that unifr rmity or symmetry which constitutes beauty; distortion; irregu- larity of shape or features ; disproportion of lanhs ; de- fect ; crookedness ; ugliness. 2. Any thmg th'rt destroys beauty, grace or propriety ; irregularity ; absurdity ; gross deviation from order, or the established laws rf propnety , tDE-FoRS'ER, TO. One that casts out by force. t DE-FOUL', v.t.To defile. DE-FRAUD', V. t. [L. defraudo.] 1. To de mve of right, either by obtaining something by deceptio/i or artifice, or by taking something wrongfully, without the knowledge or consent of the owner ; to cheat ; to cozen ; followed by of before the thing taken. 2. To withhold wrongfiilly from another what is due to him. 3. To prevent one * See Syno]>sis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BtJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete . DEG 230 DEI wrongfully from obtaining what he may justly claim. 4. To defeat or frustrate wrongfully. DE-FRAU-Da'TION, n. Privation by fraud. DE-FRAUD'ED, pp. Deprived of property or right by trick, artifice or deception ; injured by the withholding of what is due. DE-FRAUD'ER, n. One who defrauds ; one who takes from another his right by deception, or withholds what is his due ; a cheat ; a cozener ; an embezzler ; a peculator. 13E-FRAUD'ING, p;)/-. Depriving another of his property or right by deception or artifice; injuring by withholding wrongfully what is due. DE-FRAUD'MENT, n. The act of defrauding. I)E-FRaY', v. t. [Fr defrayer.] I. To pay ; to discharge, as cost or expense ; to bear, as charge, cost or expense. 2. To satisfy ; [obs.] Spenser. 3. To fill ; [obs.] Spenser. DE-FRaYED, (de-fr&dei) pp. Paid ; discharged, as expense, or cost. DE-FRaY'ER, n. One who pavs or discharges expenses. DE-FRAY INGj^r. Paying; discharging. DE-FRaY'MENT, n. Payment. Shelton. t DEFT, a. Neat ; handsome ; spruce ; ready ; dextrous ; fit ; convenient. Dryden. t DEFT'LY, adv. Neatly ; dextrously ; in a skilful manner. Shak. t DEFT'NESS, n. Neatness ; beauty. Drayton. I)E-FUN€T', a. [L. defanctus.] Having finished the course of life; dead; deceased. Shak. DE-FUN€T', n. A dead person ; one deceased. t DE-FUN€'TION, n. Death. Shak. DE-F?', V. t. [Fr. defier.'j 1. To dare ; to provoke to, com- bat or strife, by appealing to the courage of another ; to invite one to contest ; to challenge. 2. To dare ; to brave ; to oflFer to hazard a conflict by manifesting a contempt of opposition, attack or hostile force. 3. To challenge to say or do any thing. t DE-F1?', n. A challenge. Dryden. DE-F^'ER. See Defier. DEG, V. t. [Sax. deagan.] To sprinkle. Grose. DE-GAR'NISH, v. t. [Fr. degarnir.] 1. To unfurnish ; to strip of furniture, ornaments or apparatus. 2. To deprive of a garrison, or troops necessary for defense. Washmgton. DE-GAR'NISHED, pp. Stripped of furniture or apparatus ; deprived of troops for defense. DE-GaR'NISH-ING, ppr. Stripping of furniture, dress, ap- paratus or a garrison. DE-GaR'NISH-MENT, 71. The act of depriving of furniture, apparatus or a garrison. f j:)E-6EN'DER, v. i. To degenerate. Spenser. DE-GEN'DERED, a. Degenerated. Spenser. DE-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. 1. a growing worse or inferior; a decline in good qualities ; or a state of being less valuable. — 2. In morals, decay of virtue ; a growing worse ; de- parture from the virtues of ancestors ; desertion of that which is good. 3. Poorness ; meanness ; as, a degenera- cy of spirit. DE-6EN'ER-ATE, v. i. [L. degenero.] To become worse ; to decay in good qualities ; to pass from a good to a bad or worse state ; to lose or suffer a diminution of valuable qualities, either in the natural or moral world. DE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. 1. Having fallen from a perfect or good state into a less excellent or worse state ; having lost something of the good qualities possessed ; having declin- ed in natural or moral worth. 2. Low ; base ; mean ; corrupt ; fallen from primitive or natural excellence ; hav- ing lost the good qualities of the species. DE-GEN'ER-ATE-LY, adv. In a degenerate manner. DE-GEN ER-ATE-NESS, n. A degenerate state ; a state in which the natural good qualities of the species are decay- ed or lost. DE-GEN-ER-a'TION, n. 1. a growing worse, or losing of good qualities ; a decline from the virtue and worth of an- cestors ; a decay of the natural good qualities of the spe- cies ; a falling from a more excellent state to one of less worth. 2. The thing degenerated. DE-GEN'ER-OUS, a. 1. Degenerated ; fallen from a state of excellence, or from the virtue and merit of ancestors. 2. Low ; base ; mean ; unworthy. Dryden DE-OEN'ER-OUS-LY, adv. In a degenerous manner ; base- ly ; meanly. DEG'GY, a. Foggy ; applied also to small rain. DE-GLu'TI-NATE, v. t. [L. deglutino.] To unglue ; to loosen or separate substances glued together. DEG-LU-TI"TI0N, n. [L. deghitio.] ]. The act of swal- lowing. 2. The power of swallowing. DEG-RA-Da'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. A reducing in rank ; the act of depriving one of a degree of honor, of dignity, or of rank ; also, deposition ; removal or dismission from of- fice. 2. The state of being reduced from an elevated or more honorable station, to one that is low in fact or in es- timation ; baseness ; degeneracy. 3. Diminution or re- duction of strength, efficacy or value. — 4. In painting, a lessening and obscuring of the appearance of distant ob- jects in a landscape, that they may appear as they would do to an eye placed at a distance. 5. Diminmtion ; reduc- tion of altitude or magnitude. Journ. of Science. DE-GRaDE', v. t. [Fr. degrader.] 1. To reduce from a higher to a lower rank or degree ; to deprive one of any office or dignity, by which he loses rank in society ; to strip of honors. 2. To reduce in estimation ; to lessen the value of; to lower ; to sink. 3. To reduce m altitude or magnitude. Journ. of Science. DE-GRaD'ED, pp. Reduced in rank ; deprived of an ofiice or dignity ; lowered ; sunk ; reduced in estimation or value. DE-GRaDE'MENT, 71. Deprivation ofrank or office. DE-GRaD'ING, ppr. 1. Reducing in rank ; depriving of honors or offices ; reducing in value or estimation ; lower- ing. 2. a. Dishonoring ; disgracing the character. DE-GRaD'ING-LY, adv. In a degrading manner, or in a way to depreciate. DE-GREE', n. [Fr. degre.] 1 A step ; a distinct portion of space of indefinite extent ; a space in progression. 2. A step or portion of progression, in elevation, quality, digni- ty or rank. — 3. In genealogy, a certain distance or remove in the line of descent, determining the proximity of biood. 4. Measure ; extent. — 5. In geometry, a division of a cir- cle, including a three hundred and sixtieth part of its cir- cumference. — 6. In music, an interval of sound, marked by a line on the scale. Busby. — 7. In arithmetic, a degree consists of three figures ; thus, 270, 360, compose two de- grees. 8. A division, space or interval, marked on a mathematical or other instrument. — 9. In colleges and universities, a mark of distinction conferred on students, as a testimony of their proficiency in arts and sciences ; giving them a kind ofrank, and entitling them to certain privileges. — Honorary degrees are those of doctor of divin- ity, doctor of laws, &c. — By degrees, step by step ; gradu- ally ; by little and little ; by moderate advances. DEG-US-Ta'TION, n. [L. degusto.] A tasting. Bp. Hall. DE-HIS'CENCE, n. [L. dchiscens.] A gaping.— In botany, the opening of capsules ; the season when capsules open. DE-HIS'CENT, a. Opening, as the capsule of a plant. t DE-HON-ES-Ta'TION, n. Discredit ; disgrace, Bp. Oau- den. DE-HORT', v. t. [L. dehortor.] To dissuade ; to advise to the contrary. Wilkins. DE-HOR-Ta'TION, 71. Dissuasion j advice or counsel against something. DE-HORT' A-TO-RY, a. Dissuading ; belonging to dissua- sion. DE-HORT'ER, 71. A dissuader ; an adviser to the contrary^ DE-HORT'ING, ppr. Dissuading. De'I-CiDE, 7!. [U. dcicidio.] 1. The act of putting to death Jesus Christ, our Savior. Prior 2. One concerned in put- ting Christ to death. DE-IF'I€, a. [L. deus and facio."] 1. Divine ; pertaining to the gods. 2. Making divine. DE-IF'I-CAL, a. Making divine. Homilies. DE-I-FI-€a'TION, 71. The act of deifying ; the act of ex- alting to the rank of, or enrolling among, the heathen dei- ties. De'I-FiED, pp. Exalted or ranked among the gods ; regard ed orpraised as divine. De'I-Fi-ER, 71. One that deifies. De'I-FORM, a. [L.deus and /orma.] Like a god ; of a god- like form. t DE-I-FORM'I-TY, v.. Resemblance of deity. De'I-FY, v. t. [L. deus and /acio.] 1. To make a god ; to exalt to the rank of a heathen deity ; to enroll among the deities. 2. To exalt into an object of worship ; to treat as an object of supreme regard. 3. To exalt to a deity in es- timation ; to reverence or praise as a deity. DE'I-F'f-ING, ppr. Exalting to the rank of a deity ; treat- ing as divine. DEIGN, (dane) v. i. [Fr. daigner.] To think worthy ; to vouchsafe ; to condescend. DEIGN, (dane) v. t. To grant or allow ; to condescend to give to. Shak. , DEIGN'ING, (da'ning) ppr. Vouchsafing ; thinking worthy. t DE-IN TE-GRATE, v. t. To disintegrate. DE-IP' A-ROUS, a. [L. deiparus.] Bearing or bringing forth a god ; an epithet applied to the Virgin Mary. DElP-NOS'0-PHIST, 7i. [Gr. Senrvov and , J . Greatly pleased ; rejoiced. 2. a. Full of delight. Shak. DE-LlGHT'ER, Ji. One who takes delight. Barrow. DE-LlGHT'FUL, a. Highly pleasing; affording great plea- sure and satisfaction. DE-LiGHT'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to receive great pleasure; very agreeably. 2. In a delightful manner; charmingly ; in a manner to afford great pleasure. DE-LIGHT'FUL-NESS, «. 1. The quality of being de- lightful, or of affording great pleasure. 2. Great pleasure ; delight. DE-LlGHT'LESS, a. Affording no pleasure or delight. DE-LiGHTSoME, a. Very pleasing ; delightful. D£-LiGHT'S6ME-LY, adv. Very pleasantly ; in a delight- ful manner. DE-LlGHT'S6ME-NESS, n. Delightfulness ; pleasantness in a high degree. DE-LIN 'E-A-MENT, n. Representation by delineation. DE-LIN'E-ATE, v. t. [L. delinco.] 1. To draw the lines which exhibit the form of a thing ; to mark out wnh lines; to make a draught; to sketch or design. 2. To paint ; to represent in picture ; to draw a likeness of. 3. Figuratively, to describe ; to represent to the mind or un- derstanding ; to exhibit a likeness in words. DE-LIN'E-A-TED, pp. Drawn ; marked with lines exhibit- ing the form or figure ; sketched ; designed ; painted ; de- scribed. DE-LIN'E-A-TING, ppr. Drawing the fOrm ; sketching ; painting ; describing. DE-LIN-E-A'TION, n. [L. delineatio.] 1. First draught of a thing ; outUne ; representation of a forih or figure by lines ; sketch ; design. 2. Representation in words ; de- scription. t DE-LIN'E-A-TURE, n. Delineation. t DE-LIN'I-MENT, 71. [L. delinimenUin..'] Mitigation. DE-LIN'aUEN-CY, n. [L. delinquo.] Failure or omission of duty ; a fault ; a misdeed ; and, positively, an offense ; a crime. DE-LIN'aUENT, a. Failing in duty ; offending by neglect of duty. DE-Lm'aUENT, 71. One who faik to perform his duty, particularly a public officer who neglects his duty ; an of- fender ; one who commits a fault or crime. DEL'I-aUATE, V. t. or i. [L. deligueo.] To melt or be dis- solved. See Deliquesce and Delk^uiate. DEL-I-ailA'TION, n. A melting. See Deliquescence and Deliquiation. DEL-I-aUESCE', (del.e-ques') v. i. [L. deliquesco. See Li- quid.] To melt gradually and become liquid by attract- ing and absorbing moisture from the air. DEL-I-aUES'CENCE, n. Spontaneous liquefaction in the air ; a gradual melting or becoming liquid by absorption of water from the atmosphere. DEL-I-Q,UES'GENT, a. Liquefying m the air ; capable of at- tracting moisture from the atmosphere and becoming liquid. DE-Lia'UI-ATE, V. i. To melt and become liquid by im- bibing water from the air. DE-LIQ,-UI-A'TION, n. A melting by attracting water from the air. DE-Lia'UI-UM, 71. [L.] 1. In chemistry, a melting or dissolution in the air, or in a moist place. 2. A liquid state. 3. In medicine, a swooning or fainting; called also syncope. DE-LIRiA-MENT, n. A wandering of the mind ; foolish fancy. [Little used.] DEL'I-RATE, v. i. [L. deliro.] To dote ; to rave. DE-LIR'I-OUS, a. [L. delirus.'] Roving in mind; ]i^, a. Cleansing ; purifymg ; or tending to purifv. Sydenham. t DE-PuRE', V. t. To depurate. DEP-U-TA'TION, ?i. [Fr.] 1. The act of appointing a sub- stitute or representative to act for another ; the act of appointing and sending a deputy or substitute to transact business for another, as his agent. 2. A special commis- sion or authority to act as the substitute of another. 3. The person deputed ; the person or persons authorized and sent to transact business tor another. DE-PuTE', v. t. [Fr. deputer.} To appoint as a substitute or agent to act for another ; to appoint and send with •' special commission or authority to transact business in another's name. DE-PtJT'ED, pp. Appointed as a substitute ; appointed and sent with special authority to act for another. DE-PCfT'ING, ppr. Appointing as a substitute ; appointing and sending with a speciarl commission to transact busi- ness for another. DEP'U-TIZE, V. t. To appoint a deputy ; to empower to act for another, as a sheriff. DEP'U-TY, 11. [Fr. depute.] 1. A person appointed or elected to act for another, especially a person sent with a special commission to act in the place of another ; a lieutenant ; a viceroy. — 2. In law, one that exercises an office in ano- ther's right, and the forfeiture or misdemeanor of such dep- uty shall cause the person he represents to lose his office. DEP'U-TY-€OL-LEeT'OR, n. A person appointed to perform the duties of a collector of the customs, in place of the collector. DEP'U-TY-MAR'SHAL, n. One appointed to act in the place of the marshal. DEP'U-TY-PoST'-MAS-TER, n. A person who is appoint- ed to act as post-master, in subordination to the post-mas- ter-general. DEP'U-TY-SHER'IFF, ) n. A person deputed or authorized DEP'U-TY-SHER'IF, \ to perform the duties of the sheriff, as his substitute. In like manner, we use deputy- commissary, deputy pay-master, &c. fDE-QUAN'TI-TATE, v. t. To diminish the quantity of. Brown. DER, prefixed to names of places, may be from Sax. deor, a wild beast, or from dur, water. DE-RAC'I-NATE, v. t. [Fr. deraciner.] To pluck up by the roots ; to extirpate. [Little used.] Shak. DE-RAC'I-NA-TED, pp. Plucked up by the roots ; extir- pated. DE-RAC'I-NA-TING, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; extir- pating. + DE-RaIGN', ) V. t. [Nonn. derener, dereigner.] To prove ; T DE-RaIN', \ to justify ; to vindicate, as an asser- tion ; to clear one's self. DE-RAIGN'MENT, ) n. The act of deraigning ; proof; jus- DE-RaIN'MENT, i tification. DE-RaN6E', v. t. [Fr. deranger.] 1. To put out of order ; to disturb the regular order of; to throw into confusion. Burke. Lavoisier Tran. 2. To embaiTass : to disorder. 3. To disorder the intellect ; to disturb the regular opera- tions of reason. 4. To remove from place or office, as the personal staff of a principal military officer. W. H. Sumner. DE-RaNG'ED, (de-ratnjd') pp. Put out of order ; disturbed ; em oarrassed ; confused; disordered in mind; delirious; distracted. DE-RaNGE'MENT, 71. 1. A putting out of order; dis- turbance of regularity or regular course ; embarrassment. Washington. 2. Disorder of the mtellect or reason ; deli- rium ; insanity. Palcy. DE-11aN6'ING, 2W- 1- Putting out of order ; disturbing regularity or regular course ; embarrassment ; confusion. Hamilton. 9. Disordering the rational powers. T DE-RaY', v. t. Tumult ; disorder : merriment. JDkRE, a. Hurtful. {DeRE, v. t. [Sax. derian.] To hurt. DER'E-LI€T, a. [L. dcrelictus.] Left ; abandoned. DER'E-LICT, 71. 1. In law, an article of goods, or any commodity, thrown away, relinquished or abandoned by the owner. 2. A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit for cultivation or use. DER-E-LI€'TI0N, 71. [L. derelictio.] 1. The act of leav- ing with an intention not to reclaim ; an utter forsaking ; abandonment. 2. The state of being left or abandoned. 3. A leaving or receding from. DE-RlDE', V. t. [L. derideo.] To laugh at in contempt ; to turn to ridicule or make sport of; to mock ; to treat with scorn by laughter. DE-RlD'ED, pp. Laughed at in contempt ; mocked ; ridi- culed. DE-RlD'ER, n. 1. One who laughs at another in contempt ; a mocker ; a scoffer. 2. A droll or buffoon. DE-RlD'ING, ppr. Laughing at with contempt ; mocking ; ridiculing. DE-RlD'ING-LY, adv. By way of derision or mockery. DE-RI'SION, 71. [L. derisio.] 1. The act of laughing at in contempt. 2. Contempt manifested by laughter; scorn 3. An object of derision or contempt ; a laughing-stock. DE-RI'SIVE, a. Containing derision; mocking; ridicul- ing. DE-Ri'SIVE-LY, adv. With mockery or contempt. DE-Rl'SO-RY, a. Mocking; ridiculing. Shaftesbury. DE-RIV*A-BLE, a. 1. That may be derived ; that may be drawn or received, as from a source. 2. That may be received from ancestors. 3. That may be drawn, as from premises ; deducible. 4. That may be drawn from a rad- ical word. DER'I-VATE, n. [L. derivatus.] A word derived from another. Stuart. DER-I-Va'TION, a. [L. derivatio.] 1. The act of deriving, drawing or receiving from a source. — 2. In grammar, the drawuig or tracing of a word from its root or original. 3. A drawing from, or turning aside from, a natural course or channel. 4. A drawing of humors from one part of the body to another. 5. The thing derived or deduced. Olanville. DE-RIV'A-TIVE, a. 1. Derived ; taken or having pro- ceeded from another or something preceding ; secondary. — 2. A derivative chord, in music, is one derived from a fundamental chord . DE-RIV'A-TIVE, n. 1. That which L^ derived ; a word which takes its origin in another word, or is formed from it. — 2. In music, a chord not fundamental. DE-RIV'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In a derivative manner; by derivation. DE-RlVE', v. t. [L. derivo.] 1. To draw from, as in a reg- ular course or channel ; to receive from a source by a reg- ular conveyance. 2. To draw or receive, as from a source or origin. 3. To deduce or draw, as from a root, or primitive word. 4. To turn from its natural course ; to divert. 5. To communicate from one to another by de- scent. 6. To spread in various directions; to cause to flow. DE-RIVE', V. i. To come or proceed from. [JVb< common.] DE-RiV'ED, (de-rlvd') pp. Drawn, as from a source; de- duced ; received ; regularly conveyed ; descended ; com- municated ; transmitted. DE-RlV'ER, 71. One who derives, or draws from a source. DE-RlV'ING, ppr. Drawing ; receiving ; deducing ; com- municating ; diverting or turning into another channel. DERM'AL, a. [Gr. ^cp/za.] Pertaming to skin ; consisting of skin. Fleming. DERM'OID, a. [Gr. Sepixa and eiSos.] Pertainmg to the skin ; a medical term. fDERN, a. [Sax. dearn.] Solitary; sad ; cruel. t DERN'FJJL, o. Sad; mournful. *DER-NIeR', a. [Fr.] Last ; final ; ultimate ; as, the dernier resort. t DERN'LY, adv. Sadly ; mournfully. More. DER'O-GATE, v. t. [L. derogo.] 1. To repeal, annul or destroy the force and effect of some part of a law or estab- lished rule ; to lessen the extent of a law ; [little used.] 2. To lessen the worth of a person or thing ; to disparage. DER'O-GATE, v. i. 1. To take away ; to detract ; to lessen by taking away a part. 2. To act beneath one's rank, place or birth. [Unusual.] DER'O-GA-TED, pp. Diminished in value ; degraded ; dam- aged. [Shakspeare uses derogate in this sense.] DER'O-GATE-LY, adv. In a manner to lessen or take from. DER'O-GA-TING, ppr. Annulling a part; lessening by taking from. DER-O-Ga'TION, 71. The act of annulling or revoking a law, or some part of it. More generally, the act of taking away or destroying the value or effect of any thing, or of limiting its extent, or of restraining its operation. 2. The act of taking something from merit, reputation or lienor , a lessening of value or estimation ; detraction ; dispar- agement. DE-ROG'A-TIVE, a. Derogatory. [The latter is mostly used.] DE-ROG'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a detracting manner. * Ste Synopsis. 5 , E, T, 0, D, Y, long.— FS.B., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete DES 239 DES DE-ROG'A-TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being deroga- tory. DE-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Detracting or tending to lessen by taking something from ; that lessens the extent, effect or value. t DER'RING, a. Daring. Spenser. DER'VIS, 71. [Persian.] A Turkish priest or monk, who professes extreme poverty, and leads an austere life. DES' ART. .See Deseht. DES'eANT, n. [Sp. discante.] I. A song or tune composed in parts. 9. A song or tune with various modulations. 3. A discourse ; discussion ; disputation ; animadversion, comment, or a series of comments. 4. The art of compos- ing music in several parts. Descant is plain, figurative and double. DES-€ANT', V. i. 1. To run a division or variety with the voice, on a musical ground in true measure ; to sing. 2. To discourse ; to comment ; to make a variety of remarks ; to animadvert freely. DES-€ANT'ING, ppr. Singing in parts or with various mod- ulations ; discoursing freely ; commenting. DES-€ANT'ING, n. Remark ; conjecture. Burnet. DE-SCEND', V. i. [L. descendo.] 1. To move or pass from a higher to a lower place ; to move, come or go down- wards ; to fall ; to sink ; to run or flow down. 2. To go down, or to enter. 3. To come suddenly ; to fall violent- ly. 4. To go in ; to enter. 5. To rush ; to invade, as an enemy. 6. To proceed from a source or original ; to be derived. 7. To proceed, els from father to son; to pass from a preceding possessor, in the order of lineage, or ac- cording to the laws of succession or inheritance. 8. To pass from general to particular considerations. 9. To come down from an elevated or honorable station. — 10. In music, to fall in sound ; to pass from any note to another less acute or shrill, or from sharp to flat. DE-SCEND', V. t. To walk, move or pass downwards on a declivity. DE-SCEND' ANT, n. [Fr. descendajit.] Any person pro- ceeding from an ancestor in any degree ; issue ; offspring, in the line of generation. DE-SCEND'ENT, a. 1. Descending ; falling ; sinking. 2. Proceeding from an original or ancestor. DE-SCEND-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being descendi- ble, or capable of being transmitted from ancestors. Blackstone. DE-SCEND'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be descended, or passed down. 2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir. DE-SCEN'SION, n. [L. descensio.] 1. The act of going downwards ; descent ; a falling or sinking ; declension ; degradation. — 2. In astronomy, right descension is an arch of the equinoctial, intercepted between the next equinoc- tial point and the intersection of the meridian, passing through the centre of the object, at its setting, in a right sphere. DE-SCEN'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to descent. DE-SCEN'SIVE, a. Tending downwards ; having power to descend. Sherwood. DE-SCENT', n. [Fr. descente ; L. descensus.] 1. The act of descending ; the act of passing from a higher to a lower place, by any form of motion, as by walking, riding, roll- ing, sliding, sinking or falling. 2. Inclination down- ward ; obliquity ; slope ; declivity. 3. Progress down- ward ; as, the descent from higher to lower orders of be- ings. 4. Fall from a higher to a lower state or station. -5. A landing from ships ; invasion of troops from the sea. 6. A passing from an ancestor to an heir ; transmission by succession or inheritance. 7. A proceeding from an orig- inal or progenitor. 8. Birth ; extraction ; lineage. 9. A generation ; a single degree in the scale of genealogy ; distance from the common ancestor. 10. Offspring ; is- sue ; descendants. 11. A rank in the scale of subordina- tion. 12. Lowest place.— 13. In music, a passing from a note or sound to one more grave or less acute. DE-S€RiB'A-BLE, a. That may be described ; capable of description. DE-SCRiBE', V. t. [L. describo.] 1. To delineate or mark the form or figure. 2. To make or exhibit a figure by mo- tion. 3. To show or represent to others in words ; to com- municate the resemblance of a thing, by naming its na- ture, form or properties. 4. To represent by signs. 5, To draw a plan ; to represent by lines and other marks on paper,_or ot*ier material. 6. To define laxly. DE-S€RiB'ED, (de-skribd') pp. Represented in form by marks or figures ; delineated ; represented by words or signs. DE-S€RrB'ER, n. One who describes by marks, words or signs. _ DE-S€RlB'lNG, ppr. Representing the form or figure of, by lines or marks ; communicating a view of, by words or signs, or by naming the nature and properties. DE-SCRi'ED, (de-skride') pp. Espied ; discovered ; seen. DE-SCRl^ER, n. One who espies, or discovers ; a discover- er ; a detecter. Crashaw. DE-S€RIP'TION, n. [L. descriptio.] 1. The act of deline- ating, or representing the figure of any ihmg by a plan, to be presented to the eye. 2. The figure or appearance of any thing delineated, or represented by visible lines^ marks, colors, &c. 3. The act of representing a thing by words or by signs, or the passage containing such repre- sentation ; a representation of names, nature or properties, that gives to another a view of the thing. 4. A definition. 5. The qualities expressed in a representation. 6. The persons having the qualities expressed ; a class of persons to whom a description is applicable. Scott. DE-SORIFTIVE, a. Containing description •, tending to de- scribe ; having the quality of representing. t DE-S€RrVE', V. t. [It descrivere ] To dt^ribe DE-SCR^', V. t. [Norm, descrier or discriver.] l. To espy, to explore ; to examine by observation. 2. To detect ; to find out ; to discover any thing concealed. 3. To see ; to behold ; to have a sight of from a distance. 4. To give notice of something suddenly discovered ; [not in use.] Hall. DE-SCR'S' , n. Discovery ; thing discovered. [Unuszial.] DE-S€Ry'ING, ppr. Discovering; espying. tDES'E-€ATE, v.t. To cut off; to cut away; to mow Cockeram. DES'E-€RATE, v. t. [L. desecro.] 1. To divert from a sa- cred purpose or appropriation ; opposed to consecrate. 2. To divest of a sacred character or office. DES'E-€RA-TED, pp. Diverted from a sacred purpose or appropriation ; divested of a sacred character or office. DES'E-€RA-TING, ppr. Diverting from a purpose to which a thing is consecrated ; divested of a sacred character or office. DES-E-€Ra'TION, n. The act of diverting from a sacred purpose or use to which a thing had been devoted ; the act of diverting from a sacred character or office. DES'ERT, a. [L. desertus.] 1. Literally, forsaken ; hence, uninhabited. Hence, wild ; untilled ; waste ; uncultivat- ed. 2. Void ; empty ; unoccupied. DES'ERT, n. [L. desertum.] An uninhabited tract of land ; a region in its natural state ; a wilderness ; a solitude ; particularly, a vast sandy plain. DE-SERT', V. t. [Fr. deserter.] 1. To forsake ; to leave ut- terly ; to abandon ; to quit with a view not to return to 2. To leave, without permission, a military band, or a ship, in which one is enlisted ; to forsake the service in which one is engaged, in violation of duty. DE-SERT', V. i. To run away ; to quit a service without permission. DE-SERT', w. 1 . A deserving ; that which gives a right to re- ward or demands, or which renders liable to punishment ; merit or demerit ; that which entitles to a recompense of equal value, or demands a punishment equal to the of- fense ; good conferred, or evil done, which merits an equivalent return. 2. That which is deserved ; reward or punishment merited. DESERT ED,pp. Wholly forsaken ; abandoned ; left. DE-SERT'ER, n. A person who forsakes Ins cause, his post, or his party or friend ; particularly, a soldier or sea- man who quits the service without permission, and in vi- olation of his engagement. DE-SERT'FUL, a. High in desert ; meritorious. DE-SERT'ING, ppr. Forsaking utterly ; abandoning. DE-SER'TION, n. 1. The act of forsaking or abandoning, as a party, a friend, a country, an army or military band, or a ship ; the act of quitting, with an Intention not to re- turn. 9. The state of being forsaken by God ; spiritual despondency. DE-SERT'LESS, a. Without merit or claim to favor or re- ward. Dry den. DE-SERT'LESS-LY, adv. Undeservedly, Beaumont. dI-SERt'IiX^' ! "• ^ ^^^^^^ ^^° deserts. Milton. DE-SERVE', (de-zerv') v. t. [L. deservio.] 1. To merit : to be worthy of; applied to good or evil. 2. To merit hy labor or services ; to have a just claim to an equivalent for good conferred. 3. To merit by good actions or qualities in general ; to be Avorthy of, on account of excellence. 4. To be worthy of, in a bad sense ; to merit by an evil act. DE-SERVE', V. i. To merit ; to be worthy of or deserving DE-SERVED, (de-zervd') pp. Merited ; worthy of. DE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. Justly ; according to desert, wheth er of good or evil. DE-SERV'ER, 71. He who deserves or merits ; one who is worthy of. DE-SERVING, ppr. 1 . Meriting ; having a just claim to re- ward ; justly meriting punishment. 9. a. Worthy of re- ward or praise ; meritorious ; possessed of good qualities that entitle to approbation. DE-SERVING, n. The act of meriting ; desert , merit. DE-SERVING-LY, adv. Meritoriously ; with just desert. DESH-A-BILLE', ) ,.^^ ^ ^;„. ( n. [Fr.] An undress ; a DESH-A-BIL', \ Ca«sn-a-Dn; | j^^^^^ morning dress; hence, any home dress. DE-S1€'€ANT, a. Drying. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— EIILL, UNITE.— € as K -. 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. DES 240 DES DE-ST€'€ANT, n. A medicine or application that dries a 5ore. Wiseman. * DES'ie-€ATE, or DE-Sie'€ATE, v. t. [L. desicco.'] To dry ; to exhale or remove inoisture from. * DES'I€-€ATE, v. i. To become dry. Hale. * DES'ie-€A-TED, pp. Dried. * DES'ie-€A-TING, ppr. Drying ; exhausting moisture. DES-I€-€a'TION, n. The act of making dry ; the state of being dried. Bacon. DE-Sl€'eA-TxVE, a. Drying ; tending to dry ; that has the power to dry. I>E-SI€'€A-TiVE, n. A dryer; that which has the quality of absorbing moisture. t DE-SID'ER-ATE, v. t. To want ; to miss. DE-SID-ER-A'TUM, n. ; plu desiderata. [L.] That vyhich is desired ; tJiat which is not possessed, but which is de- sirable ; any perfection or improvement which is wanted. tDE-SfD-I-oSE', a. [L. desidiosus.] Idle; lazy; heavy. * DE-SIGN', (de-sine') v. t. [L. desiiruo.] 1. To delineate a form or figure by drawing the outline ; to sketch. 2. To plan ; to form an outline or representation of any thing. 3. To project , to form in idea, as a scheme 4. To pur- pose or intend. 5. To mark out by tokens ; [not used.] Locke. 6. To intend to apply or appropriate ; with /or. *DE-SlGN', 71. [Fr. dessein.] 1. A plan or representation of a thing by an outline ; sketch ; general view ; first idea represented by visible lines. 2. A scheme or plan in the mind. 3. Purpose ; intention ; aim ; implying a scheme or plan in the mind. 4. The idea or scheme iniended to be expressed by an artist. — 5. In majuifactorics, the figures with which workmen ennch their stuffs, copied from painting or draughts. — 6. In music, the invention and conduct of the subject ; the disposition of every part, and the general order of the whole. *DE-SlGN'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being designed or marked out 2. Distinguishable. DES'IG-NATi;, V. t. [L. desi^no.] 1. To mark out or show, so as to make known ; to indicate by visille lines, marks, description or something known and determinate. 2. To point out ; to distinguish from others by indication. 3. To appoint ; to select or distinguish for a particular purpose ; to assign, with for. DES'IG-NATE, a. Appointed ; marked out. [Little iLsed.] DES'IG-NA-TED, pp. Marked out; indicated; shown; pointed out ; appointed. DES'IG-NA-TING,pj)/-. Marking out ; indicating; pointing out ; appointing. DES-IG-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of pointing or marking out by signs or objects. 2. Indication ; a showing or pointing ; a distinguishing from othere. 3. Appointment ; direction. 4. Appointment ; a selecting and appointiag ; assignment. 5. Import; distinct application. UES'IG-NA-TiVE, a. Serving to designate or indicate. DES'IG-NA-TOR, n. A Roman officer who assigned to each person his rank and place in public shows and ceremo- nies. _ *DE-SlGN'ED, (de-sind') pp. Marked out; delineated; planned ; intended. * DE-SiGN'ED-LY, adv. By design ; purposely ; intention- ally. _ *DE-SlGN'ER, n. 1. One who designs, marks out or plans ; one who frames a scheme or project ; a contriver. 2. One who plots ; one who lays a scheme ; in an ill sense. t DE-SlGN'FUL-NESS, n. Abundance of design. Barrow. *DE-SlGN'ING, ppr. 1. Forming a design ; planning ; de- lineating the outline ; drawing" figures on a plane. — 2. a. In an ill sense, artful ; insidious ; intriguing ; contriving schemes of mischief ; hence, deceitful. * DE-SlGN'ING, n. The art of delineating objects. * DE-SlGN'LESy, a. Without design or intention ; inadvert- ent. DE-SiGN LESS-LY, adv. Without design ; inadvertently ; ignoi-antly. *DE-SIGN'MENT, 7i. 1. Design ; sketch; delineation. 2. Design ; purpose ; aim ; intent ; scheme. Shak. DES'I-NENCE, n. [L. desino.] End ; close. Hall. DES'I-NENT, a. Ending ; extreme ; lowermast. DE-SIFI-ENT, a. [L. desipiens.] Trifling ; foolish ; play- ful. DE-SiR'A-BLE, a. 1. Worthy of desire : that is to be wish- ed for with sincerity or earnestness. 2. Pleasing ; agree- able. DE-STR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being desirable. Ooodman. DE-SiRE', 72. [Ft. dcsir.] 1. An emotion or excitement of the mind, directed to the attainment or possession of an ob- ject from which pleasure, sensual, intellectual or spiritu- al, is expected ; a passion excited by the love of an object, or uneasiness at the want of it, and directed to its attain- ment or possession. 2. A prayer or request to obtain. 3. The object of desire ; that which is desired. 4. Love ; af- fection. 5. Appetite ; lust. DE-SIRE', V. t. [Fr. desirer.] 1. To wish for the possession or enjoyment of, with a greater or less degree of earnest- ness ; to covet. 2. To express a wish to obtain ; to ask 5 to request ; to petition. 3. To require ; [not in use } Speriscr. DE-SiR'ED, {(le-zixi')pp. Wished for ; coveted ; requested; entreated. DE-SlRE'LESS, a. Free from desire. Donne. DE-SlR'ER, 71. One who desires or asks ; one who wishes DE-SlR'ING, ppr. Wishing for ; coveting ; asking ; express- inga wish ; soliciting. DE-SlR'OUS, a. Wishing for ; wishing to obtain ; coveting ; solicitous to possess and enjoy ; as, Be not desirous of his dainties. Prov. xxiii. Jesus knew they were desirous to askjiim. Johji, xvi. DE-SlR'OUS-LY, adv. With desire ; with earnest wishes. DE-SlR'0US-NESS,7i. The state or affection of being desir ous. DE-SIST', V. i. [L. desisto.] To stop ; to cease to act or pro- ceed ; to forbear. DE-SIST'ANCE, n. A ceasing to act ; a stopping. DE-SIST'ING, ppr. Ceasing to act or proceed. t DeSk^TTVE i °" t^* ^^^^^'^-l Fi^^l 5 conclusive DE-Si"TION, 71. [L. desitus.] End. DESK, 71. [D. discli ; Sax. disc.] 1. An inclining table for the use of writers and readers. 2. The pulpit in a church ; and, figuratively, the clerical profession. DESK, V. t. To shut up in a desk ; to treasure. Hall. DESMlNE, n. A mineral that crystalizes in little silken tufts. DES'O-LATE, a. [L. desolatus.] 1. Destitute or deprived of inhabitants ; desert ; uninhabited ; denoting either stripped of inhabitants, or never having been inhabited. 2. Laid waste ; in a ruinous condition ; neglected ; de- stroyed. 3. Solitary ; without a companion ; afflicted. 4. Deserted of God ; deprived of comfort. DES'O-LATE, v. t. [L. desolo, desolattcs.] 1. To deprive of inhabitants ; to make desert. 2. To lay waste ; to ruin ; to ravage ; to destroy improvements or works of art. DES'0-LA-TED, pp. Deprived of inhabitants ; wasted ; ru- ined. DES'O-LATE- LY, adv. In a desolate manner. DES'0-LA-TER, ii. One who lays waste or desolates ; that which desolates. DES'0-LA-TING, ppr. Depriving of inhabitants ; wasting ; ravaging. DES-O-La'TION, n. 1. The act of desolating ; destruction or expulsion of inhabitants ; destruction ; ruin ; waste. 2. A place deprived of inhabitants, or otherwise wasted, ravaged and ruined. 3. A desolate state; gloominess; sadness ; destitution. DES'0-LA-TO-RY, a. Causing desolation. DE-SPaIR', 71. [Fr. desespoir.] 1. Hopelessness ; a hope- less state ; a destitution of hope or expectation. 2. That which causes despair ; that of which there is no hope. 3. Loss of hope in the mercy of God. DE-SPaIR', v. i. [Fr. desesperer.] To be without hope ; to give up all hope or expectation. t DE-SPAIR', V. t. To cause to despair. &> R. Williams. t DE-SPaIR'A-BLE, a. Unhopeful. DE-SPaIR'ER, n. One without hope. Dryden. DE-SPaIR'FUL, a. Hopeless. Sidney. DE-SPaIR'ING, ppr. Giving up all hope or expectation. DE-SPaIR'ING-LY, adv. In a despairing manner; in a manner indicating hopelessness. DE-SPATCH'. See Dispatch. DE-SPECTION, 71. [L. despectio.] A looking down; a despising. [Little used.] DES-PE-Ra'DO, 71. [from desperate.] A desperate fellow ; a furious man ; a madman ; a person urged by furious passions ; one fearless, or regardless of safety. DES'PE-RATE, a. [L. desperatus.] 1. Without hope. 2 Without care of safety ; rash ; fearless of danger. 3 Fu- rious, as a man in despair. 4. Hopeless ; despaired of; lost beyond hope of recovery ; irretrievable ; irrecovera- ble ; forlorn. — 5. In a popular sejise, great in the extreme Pope. DES'PE-RATE-LY, adv. 1. In a desperate manner, as in despair ; hence, furiously ; with rage ; madly ; without regard to danger or safety. — ^2. In a popular sense, great- ly ; extremely ; violently. DES'PE-RATE-NESS, n. Madness ; fury ; rash precipi- tance. DES-PE-Ra'TION, 71. ]. a despairing; a giving up of hope. 2. Hopelessness; despair. 3. Fury; rage; disre- gard of safety or danger. DES'PI-€A-BLE, a. [Low L. despicabilis.] That may be or deserves to be despised ; contemptible ; mean ; vile ; worthless. DES'PI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being despicable ; meanness ; vileness ; worthlessness. DES'PI-€A-BLY, adv. Meanly ; vilely ; contemptibly. DES-Pi"CIEN-CY, 71. [L. despicio.] A looking down ; a despising. JMede. [Little used.] . DE-SPli5'A-BLE, a. Despicable ; contemptible. See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN MARKNE, BIRD :— t Obsolete DES 241 DET f DE-SPIS'AL, n. Contempt. DE-SPiSE', V. t. 1. To contemn ; to scorn ; to disdain ; to have the lowest opinion of. 2. To abhor, Shak. DE-SPIS'ED, (de-spizd') pp. Contemned ; disdained ; abhor- red. DE-SPlS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being despised. DE-SPlS'ER, n. A contemner ; a scomer. DE-SPlS'ING, ppr. Contemning ; scorning j disdaining. DE-SPIS'ING, 71. Contempt. DE-SPIS'ING-LY, adv. With contempt. DE-SPlTE', 71. [Fr. depit ; Norm, despite.] 1. Extreme malice ; violent hatred ; malignity ; malice irritated or en- raged 5 active malignity ; angry hatred. 2. Defiance wirb contempt, or contempt of opposition. 3. An act of malice or contempt. DE-SPlTE', V. t. To vex ; to offend ; to tease. Raleigh. DE-SPlTE'FULj a. Full of spite ; malicious 5 malignant. DE-SPlTE'FlJL-LY, adv. With despite ; maliciously 5 con- temptuously. DE-SPiTE'FlJL-NESS, n. Malice ; extreme hatred ; malig- nity. t DES-PIT'E-OUS, a. Malicious. Milton. tDES-PIT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Furiouslv. Spenser. DE-SPOIL', V. t. [L. despolio.] 1. To strip 5 to take from by force ; to rob ; to deprive ; followed by of. 2. To stiip or divest by any means. DE-SPOIL'ED, (de-spoild')iJi?. Stripped ; robbed ; bereaved ; deprived . DE-SPOIL'ER, 7!. One who strips by force ; a plunderer. DE-SPOIL'ING, ppr. Depriving ; stripping ,• robbing. DES-PO-LI-A'TION, n. The act of despoiling ; a stripping. DE-SPOND', V. i. [L. despondeo.] 1. To be cast down ; to be depressed or dejected in mind ; to fail in spirits. 2. To lose all courage, spirit or resolution j to sink by loss of hope. DE-SPOND'EN-CY, 71. A smking or dejection of spirits at the loss of hope ; loss of courage at the failure of hope, or in deep affliction, or at the prospect of insurmountable difficulties. DE-SPOND'ENT, a. Losing courage at the loss of hope ; sinking into dejection ; depressed and inactive in despair. DE-SPOND'ENT-LY, adv. Without hope. DE-SPOND'ER, n. One destitute of hope. DE-SPOND'ING,ppr. Losing courage to act, in consequence of loss of hope, or of deep calamity, or of difficulties deem- ed insunnountable ; sinking into dejection ; despairing, with depression of spirits. DE-SPOND'ING-LY, adv. In a desponding manner ; with dejection of spirits 5 despairingly. t DE-SPONS'ATE, r. f . [L. desponso.] To betroth. t DES-PON-Sa'TION, 71. A betrothing. DESPOT, n. [Gr. SeanoTvi.] An emperor, king or prince invested with absolute power, or ruling without any con- trol from men, constitution or laws. Hence, in a general sense, a tyrant. DES-POT'I€, ) a. 1. Absolute in power ; independent DES-POT'I-€AL, \ of control from men, constitution or laws ; arbitrary in the exercise of power. 2. Unlimited or unrestrained by constitution, laws or men ; absolute. 3. Tyrannical. DES-POT'I-€AL-LY, adv. With unlimited power ; arbitra- rily ; in a despotic manner. DES-POT'I-€AL-NESS, n. Absolute authority. DES'POT-ISM, n. [Sp. despotismo.] 1. Absolute power; authority unlimited and uncontrolled by men, constitution or laws, and depending alone on the will of the prince. 2. An arbitrary government, as that of Turkey and Persia, DES'PU-MATE, v. i. [L. despumo.] To foam ; to froth ; to form froth or scum. DES-PU-Ma'TION, 71. The act of throwing off excremen- titious matter, and forming a froth or scmn on the surface of liquor; clarification; scumming. DES-aUA-MA'TION, n. [L. desquamo.] A scalinsr or ex- foliation of bone ; the separation of the cuticle in small scales. t DESS, for desk. Chaucer. Spenser. DESS, V. t. 1. To cut a section of hay from the stack. 2. To lav close together ; to pile up in order. Grose. DES-SERT', (dez-zert') n. [Fr. dessert.] A service of fruits and sweetmeats, at the close of an entertainment ; the last course at the table, after the meat is removed. DES'TI-NATE, v. t. [L. destino, destinatus.] To design or appoint. [Seldom used.] See Destine. DES'TI-NATE, a. Appomted ; destined ; determined. DES-TI-Na'TION, 71. [L. destinatio.] 1. The act of destin- ing, or appointing. 2. The purpose for which any thing is intended or appointed ; end or ultunate design. 3. The place to which a thing is appointed. DES'TiNE, v. t [L. destino.] 1. To set, ordain or appoint to a use, purpose, state or place. 2. To fix unalterably, as by a divine decree. 3. To doom ; to devote : to ap- point unalterably. DES'TINED, pp. Ordamed ; appointed by previous deter- mination ; devoted ; fixed unalterably. DES'TIN-ING, ppr. Ordaining ; appointing. DES'TI-NY, n. [Fr. destin.] 1. State or condition appointed ^ or predetermined ; ultimate fate. 2. Invincible necessi- ty ; fate ; a necessity or fixed order of things established by a divine decree. — Destinies, the fates, or supposed powers which preside over human life, spin it out and de- termine it, DES'TI-TUTE, a. [L. destitutus.] 1. Not having or pos- sessing ; wanting. 2. Needy ; abject ; comfortless ; friendless. DES'TI-TUTE, n. One who is without friends or comfort. t DES'TI-TUTE, v. t. 1. To forsake. 2. To deprive. DES-TI-Tu'TION, n. Want ; absence of a thing ; a state in which something is wanted or not possessed ; poverty. Hooker. DE-STROY', V. t. [L. destruo.] 1. To demolish ; to pull down ; to separate the parts of an edifice, the union of which is necessary to constitute the thing. 2. To ruin ; to annihilate a thing by demolishing or by burning. 3. To ruin ; to bring to naught ; to annihilate. 4. To lay waste ; to make desolate. 5. To kill ; to slay ; to extir pate. 6. To take away ; to cause to cease ; to put an end to. 7. To kill ; to eat ; to devour ; to consume. 8. To put an end to ; to annihilate a thing or the form in which it exists.— 9. In chemistry, to resolve a body into its parts or elements. DE-STROY' A-BLE, a. That may be destroyed. DE-STROY'ED, (de-stroyd') pp. Demolished; pulled down , ruined ; annihilated ; devoured ; swept away, &c. DE-STROY'ER, n. One who destroys, or lays waste ; one who kills a man, or an animal, or who ruins a country, cities, &c. DE-STROY'ING, ppr. Demolishing ; laying waste ; killing ; annihilating ; putting an end to. DE-STROY'ING, n. Destruction. Milton. t DE-STRU€T', for destroy, is not used. DE-STRU€-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of destruction. DE-STRU€'TI-BLE, a. [L. destruo, destructum.] Liable to destruction ; capable of being destroyed. DE-STRU€'TION, n. [L. destructio.] 1. The act of de- stroying ; demolition; apullingdown ; subversion; ruin, by whatever means. 2. Death ; murder ; slaughter ; mas- sacre. 3. Ruin. 4. Eternal death. 5. Cause of destruc- tion ; a consummg plague ; a destroyer. DE-STRU€'TIVE, a. Causing destruction ; having the quality of destroying ; ruinous ; mischievous ; pernicious. DE-STRU€'TIVE-LY, adv. With destruction ; ruinously ; mischievously ; with power to destroy. DE-STRU€'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of destroying or ruining, t DE-STRUC'TOR, n. A destroyer ; a consumer. DES-U-Da'TION, n. [L. desudo.] A sweating ; a profuse or morbid sweating, succeeded by an eruption of pustules, called heat-pimples, DES'UE-TUDE, (des'swe-tude) n. [L. desuetudo.] The cessation of use ; disuse ; discontinuance of practice, cus- tom or fashion. DE-SUL'PHU-RATE, «. «. [L. de, and sulphurate.] To de- prive of sulphur. Chemistry. DE-SUL'PHU-RA-TED, j)^. Deprived of sulphur, DE-SUL'PHU-RA-TING, ppr. Depriving of sulphur. DE-SUL-PHU-Ra'TION, 74. The act or operation of depriv ing of sulphur. *DES'UL-T0-RI-LY, adv. In a desultory manner ; without method ; loosely. * DES'UL-TO-RI-NESS, 71. A desultory manner; uncon- nectedness ; a passing from one thing to another without order or method. * DES'UL-TO-RY, or DES-UL-TO'RI-OUS, a. [L. desulto- rius.] 1. Leaping ; passing from one thing or subject to another, without order or natural connection ; unconnect ed ; immethodical. 2. Coming suddenly ; started at the moment ; not proceeding from natural order or connection with_what precedes. fDE-SuME', V. t. [L. desumo.] To take from ; to borrow. DE-TACH', V. t. ['Fi. detacher.] 1. To separate or disunite ; to disengage ; to part from. 2. To separate men from their companies or regiments ; to draw from companies or regiments, as a party of men, and send them on a particu- lar service. 3. To select ships from a fleet, and send them on a separate service. DE-TACH'ED, (de-taclif) pp. 1. Separated ; parted from disunited ; drawn and sent on a separate service. 2. a Separate. DE-TACH'ING, ppr. Separating ; parting from ; drawing and sending on a separate employment. DE-TACII'M"ENT, n. 1. The act of detaching or separat- ing. 2. Abodyof troops, selected or taken from the main army, and employed on some special service or expedi- tion. 3. A number of ships, taken from a fleet, and sent on a separate service. DE-TaIL', v. t. [Fr. detailler.] 1. To relate, report or nar- rate in particulars ; to recite the particulars of; to partic- * See S7j7iopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; "16 -BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoleU. DET 2i2 DET ularlze ; to relate minutely and distinctly. 2. To select, as an officer or soldier from a division. Law of Mass. DE-TaIL', 71. [Fr.l 1. A narration or report of particu- lars ; a minute and particular account. 2. A selecting of officers or soldiers from the rosters. DE-TaIL'ED, (de-tald') pp. Related in particulars ; mi- nutely recited ; selected. DE-TaIL'ER, n. One who details. DE-TaIL'ING, ppr. 1. Relating minutely ; telling the par- ticulars. 2. Selecting I'^om the rosters. DE-TaIN', v. t. [L. detineo.] 1. To keep back or from ; to withhold ; to keep what belongs to another. 2. To keep or restrain from proceeding, either going or coming 5 to stay or stop. 3. To hold in custody. DE-TaIN'DER, n. A writ. See Detinue. DE-TaIN'ED, (de-tand') pp. Withheld ; kept back ; pre- vented from going or coming 3 held ; restrained. DE-TaIN'ER, 71. 1. One who withholds what belongs to another ; one who detains, stops or prevents from going. — 2. In law, a holding or keeping possession of what be- longs to another ; detention of what is another's, though the original taking may be lawful. DE-TaIN'ING, ;>jjr. Withholding what belongs to another ; holding back j restraining from going or coming ; holding in custody. DE-TaIN'MENT, n. The act of detaining ; detention. DE-TE€T', v. t. [L. detego, detectus.] Literally, to un- cover 5 hence, to discover ; to find out ; to bring to light. DE-TE€T'ED, pp. Discovered ; found out ; laid open 5 brought to light. DE-TE€T'ER, n. A discoverer ; one who finds out what another attempts to conceal. DE-TE€T'ING, ppr. Discovering ; finding out. DE-TE€'TI0N, n. 1. The act of detecting ; discovery of a person or thing attempted to be concealed. 2. Discovery of any thing before hidden, or unknown. f DE-TEN'E-BRATE, v. t. [L. de and tenebrm.] To remove darkness. Brown. DE-TENT', n. [L. detentv^.] A stop in a clock, which, by being lifted up or let down, locks and unlocks the clock in striking. DE-TEN'TION, n. 1. The act of detaining ; a withholding from another his right ; a keeping what belongs to anoth- er, and ought to be restored. 2. Confinement ; restraint. 3. Delay from necessity ; a detaining. DEi-TER', V. t. [L. deterreo.] 1. To discourage and stop by fear ; to stop or prevent from acting or proceeding, by danger, difficulty or other consideration which disheart- ens, or countervails the motive for an act. 2. To prevent by prohibition or danger. DE-TER6E', (de-terj') v. t. [L. detergo.] To cleanse ; to purge away foul or offending matter, from the body, or from an ulcer. DE-TER6'ED, (de-terjd') pp. Cleansed; purged. DE-TERG'ENT, a. Cleansing ; purging. DE-TER6'ENT, n. A medicine that has the power of cleansing the vessels or skin from offending matter. DE-TER6'ING, ppr. Cleansing ; carrying off obstmctions or foul matter. DE-Te'RI-O-RATE, v. i. [Fr. deteriorer.] To grow worse ; to be impaired in quality ; to degenerate ; opposed to meliorate. DE-TE'RI-O-RATE, v. t. To make worse ; to reduce in quality. Paley. DE-Te'RI-O-RA-TED, pp. Made worse ; impaired in qual- ity. DE-Te'RI-O-RA-TING, ppr. Becoming worse or inferior in quality. DE-TE-RI-0-Ra'TION, n. A growing or making worse ; the state of growing worse. DE-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. Worse state or quality. Ray. DE-TER'MENT, 11. The act of deterring ; the cause of de- terring ; that which deters. Boyle. DE-TERM'I-NA-BLE, a. I. That may be decided with certainty. Boyle. 2. That may end or be determined. DE-TERM'I-NATE, a. [L. determinatus .] 1. Limited; fixed ; definite. 2. Established ; settled ; positive. 3. Decisive ; conclusive. 4. Resolved on. 5. Fixed ; reso- lute. tDE-TERM'I-NATE, v. t. To limit. DE-TERM'I-NATE-LY, adv. 1. With certamty. 2. Reso- lutely ; with fixed resolve ; [iimisual.] DE-TERM'I-NATE-NESS,n. The state of being determi- nate, certain or precise. DE-TERM-I-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of determining or deciding. 2. Decision of a question in the mind ; firm resolution ; settled purpose. 3. Judicial decision ; the ending of a controversy or suit by the judgment of a court. 4. Absolute direction to a certain end. 5. An ending; a putting an end to. DE-TERM'I-NA-TIVE, a. 1. That uncontrollably directs to a certain end. 2. Limiting ; that limits or bounds. DE-TERM'I-NA-TOR, n. One who determines. DE-TERM'INE, v. t. [L. determino.] 1. To end ; particu larly, to end by the aecision or conclusion of a cause, or of a doubtful or controverted point ; applicable to the de- cisions of the mind, or to judicial decisions. 2. To end and fix ; to settle ultimately. 3. To fix on ; to settle or establish. 4. To end ; to limit ; to bound ; to confine. 5. To give a direction to ; to influence the choice ; that is, to limit to a particular purpose or direction. 6. To re- solve, that is, to end or settle a point in the mind. 7. To destroy ; [not used.] Shak. 8. To put an end to. 9. To settle or ascertain, as something uncertain. DE-TERM'iNE, v. i. 1. To resolve ; to conclude ; to come to a decision. 2. To end ; to terminate. DE-TERM'iNED, pp. 1. Ended ; concluded ; decided , limited ; fixed ; settled ; resolved ; directed. 2. a. Hav- ing a firm or fixed purpose ; or manifesting a firm resolu- tion. DE-TERM'IN-ER, n. One who makes a determination DE-TERM'IN-ING, ppr. Ending ; deciding ; fixing ; set- tling ; resolving ; Imriting ; directing. DE-TER-Ra'TION, n. [L. de and terra.] The uncovering of any thing which is buried or covered with earth ; tak- ing from out of the earth. DE-TER'RED, (de-terd') pp. Discouraged or prevented from proceeding or acting, by fear, difficulty or danger. DE-TER'RING, ppr. 1. Discouraging or influencing not to proceed or act, by fear, difficulty, danger, or prospect of evil. 2. a. Discouraging ; frightening. DE-TER'SION, n. [L. deter sus.] The act of cleansing, as a sore. DE-TER'SIVE, a. [It. detersivo.] Cleansing ; having power to cleanse from offending matter. DE-TER'SIVE, n. A medicine which has the power of cleansing ulcers, or carrying off foul matter. DE-TEST', V. t. [L. detestor.] To abhor ; to abominate j to hate extremely. DE-TEST' A-BLE, a. Extremely hateful ; abominable ; very odious ; deserving abhorrence. DE-TEST'A-BLE-NESS, n. Extreme hatefulness. DE-TEST' A-BLY, adv. Very hatefully ; abominably. DET-ES-Ta'TION, n. Extreme hatred ; abhorrence. DE-TEST'ED,pp. Hated extremely : abhorred. DE-TEST'ER, n. One who abhors. DE-TEST'ING, ppr. Hating extremely ; abhorring ; abom- inating._ DE-THRoNE', v. t. [Fr. detrdner.] 1. To remove or drive from a throne ; to depose 3 to divest of royal authority and dignity. 2. To divest of rule or power, or of supreme power. DE-THRoN'ED, (de-thr5nd') pp. Removed from a throne ; deposed. DE-THRoNE'MENT, n. Removal from a throne ; deposi- tion of a king, emperor or prince. DE-THRoN'ER, n. One who dethrones. DE-THRoN'ING, ppr. Driving from a throne ; depriving of regal power. t DE-THRoN'iZE, v. t. To unthrone. Cotgrave. * DET'I-NuE, n. [Fr. detenu.] In law, a writ of detinue is one that lies against him who wrongfiilly detains goods or chattels delivered to him, or in his possession. DET'O-NATE, v. t, [L. detono.] In chemistry, to cause to explode ; to bum or inflame with a sudden report. DET'O-NATE, v. i. To explode ; to burn with a sudden report. Nitre detonates with sulphur. DET'O-NA-TED, pp. Exploded ; burnt with explosion. DET'0-NA-TING, ppr. Exploding ; inflaming with a sud- den report. DET-O-Na'TION, n. An explosion or sudden report made by the inflammation of certain combustible bodies, as ful- minating gold. DET-O-NI-Za'TION, n. The act of exploding, as certain combustible bodies. DET'O-NiZE, V. t. To cause to explode ; to burn with an explosion ; to Calcine with detonation. DET'O-NiZE, V. i. To explode ; to burn with a sudden report. DET'O-NlZED, pp. Exploded, as a combustible body. DET'O-NlZ-ING, pjrr. Exploding with a sudden report DE-TOR'SION, n. A turnhig or wresting ; perversion. DE-TORT', ?j. t. [L. detortus.] To twist ; to wrest; toper vert ; to turn from the original or plain meaning. DE-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted ; wrested ; perverted. DE-TORT'ING, ppr. Wresting ; perverting. DE-TOUR', 71. [Fr.] A turning; a circuitous way. DE-TRACT', V. t. [L. detractum.] 1. Literally, to draw from. Hence, to take away from reputation or merit ; to detract from, is to lessen or depreciate reputation or worth ; to derogate from. 2. To take away ; to with- draw. DE-TRA€'TION, n. [L. dctractio.] The act of taking something from the reputation or worth of another, with the view to lessen him in estimation ; censure : a lessen- ing of worth ; the act of depreciating another, from envy or malice. See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FKK, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete. DEV 243 DEV f DE-TRA€'TIOUS, a. Containing detraction; lessening reputation. DE-TRA€T'IVE, a. Having the quality or tendency to les- sen the worth or estimation. DE-TRA€T'OR, n. One who takes away or impairs the reputation of another injuriously ; one who attempts to lessen the worth or honor of another. DE-TRA€T'0-RY, a. Derogatory ; defamatory by denial of desert; with^om. Boyle. DE-TRA€T'RESS, n. A female detractor; a censorious woman. t DE-TRE€T', v. t [L. detrecto.] To refuse. Fatherly. t DE-TRE€-Ta'TION, n. A refusing to do a thing. DET'RI-MENT,n. [L. detrimentum.] Loss; damage; inju- ry ; mischief; harm ; diminution. DET-RI-MENT'AL, a. Injurious ; hurtful ; causing loss or damage. DE-TRl"TION, n. [L. detero.] A wearing off. Stevens. DE-TRI'TUS, 11. [L. detritus.] In geology, a mass of sub- stances worn off or detached from solid bodies by attri- tion. DE-TRtJDE', V. t. [L. detrude.] To thrust down ; to push down with force. Locke. DE-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust or forced down. DE-TRtJD'ING, j?;)r. Thrusting or forcing down. DE-TRUN€'ATE, v. t. [L. detrunco.} To cut off; to lop ; to shorten by cutting. DET-RUN-€a'TION, n. The act of cutting off. DE-TRU'SION, n. The act of thrusting or driving down. t DET-UR-Ba'TION, M. {L. deturbo.'] Degradation. DE-TURP'ATE, v. t. [L. deturpo.] To defile. [Little used.] Taylor. DEuCE, n. [Fr. deux.] Two ; a card with two spots ; a di^ with two spots. DEuCE, n. A demon. See Duse. DEU-TER-OG'A-MIST, n. One who marries the second time. Goldsmith. DEU-TER-OG'A-MY, n. [Gr. StvTtgog and yajios.] A sec- ond marriage, after the death of the first husband or wife. Qoldsmith. DEU-TER-QN'O-MY, n. [Gr. ^turcpo? and voji/o?.] The sec- ond law, or second giving of the law by Moses ; the name given to the fifth book of the pentateuch. t DEU-TER-OS'€0-PY, n. The second intention ; the mean- ing beyond the literal sense. DEU-TOX'YD, n. [Gr. ^eurepoj, and oxyd.] In chemistry, a substance oxydized in the second degree. DE-VAP-O-RA'TION, n. The change of vapor into water, as in the generation of rain. t DE-VAST', V. t. [L. devasto.] To lay waste ; to plun- der. DEV'AS-TATE, v. t. [L. devasto.] To lay waste ; to waste ; to ravage ; to desolate ; to destroy improvements. DEV'AS-TA-TED,pp. Laid waste; ravaged. DEV'AS-TA-TING, ppr. Laying waste ; desolating. DEV-AS-Ta'TION, 71. \Tl,. devastatia.] 1. Waste ; ravage ; desolation ; destruction of works of art and natural pro- ductions which are necessary or useful to man ; havock. — 2. In law, waste of the goods of the deceased by an ex- ecutor, or administrator. DE-VEL'oP, V. t. [Fr. developper.] 1. To uncover ; to un- fold ; to lay open ; to disclose or make known something concealed or withheld from notice. 2. To unravel ; to unfold what is intricate. DE-VEL'oPED, pp. Unfolded ; laid open ; unraveled. DE-VEL'6P-ING, ppr. Unfolding ; disclosing ; unraveling. DE-VEL'6P-MENT, 71. 1. An unfolding; the discovering of something secret or withheld from tlie knowledge of others ; disclosure ; full exhibition. 2. The unraveling of a plot. DEV-E-NUS'TATE, v. t. [L. devenusto.] To deface ; to despoil. Waterhouse. f DE-VER6'ENCE, n. [L. devergentia.] Declivity; decli- nation. DE-VEST', V. t. [Fr. devHir. Generally written divest.] 1. To strip; to deprive of clothing or arms ; to take ofi^ 2. To deprive; to take away. [See Divest.] 3. To free from ; to disengage. — 4. In law, to alienate, as title or right DE-VEST', V. i. In law, to be lost or alienated, as a title or an estate. [This word is generally written divest, except in the latter" and legal sense.] DE-VEST'ED, j>;7. Stripped of clothes, deprived; freed from ; alienated or lost, as title. DE-VEST'ING, pp?-. Stripping of clothes ; depriving; free- ing from ; alienating. IDE- VEX', a. [L. devexus.] Bending down. f DE-VEX',m. Devexity. May. DE-VEX'I-TY, 71. [L. devexitas.] A bending downward ; a sloping ; incurvation downward. DE'VI-ATE, v. i. [It. deviare.] 1. To turn aside or wan- der from the common or right way, course or line, either in a literal or figurative sense. 2. To stray from the path of duty ; to wander, in a moral sense; to err ; to sin. DE-VI-a'TION, n. 1. A wandering or turning aside from the riglit way, course or line. 2- Variation from a com- mon or established rule, or from analogy. 3. A wander- ing from the path of duty ; want, of conformity to the rules prescribed by God ; error ; sin ; obliquity of con- duct. — 4. In commerce, the voluntary departure of a ship, without necessity, from the regular and usual course of the specific voyage insured. DE-VlCE', n. [Fr. devis, devise.] 1. That which is formed by design, or mvented; scheme; artificial contrivance ; stratagem ; project. 2. An emblem intended to repre- sent a family, person, action or quality, with a suitable motto ; used in painting, sculpture and heraldry. 3 In- vention : genius ; faculty of devising. 4. A spectacle or show ; [obs.] Beaumont. DE-VlCE'FUL, a. Full of devices ; inventive. Spenser. DE-VlCE'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner curiously contrived DEVIL, (dev'l) n. [Sax. diafol ; D. duivel ; G. teufel.] 1. In the Christian theology, an evil spirit or being ; a fallen angel, expelled from heaven for rebellion against God ; the chief of the apostate angels; the iniplacable enemy acd tempter of the human race. In the JVew Testament, tue word is frequently and erroneously used for demon. 2. A very wicked person. 3. An idol, or false god. DEV'IL-ING, 71. A young devil. [J\rot in use.] Beaumont DEV'IL-ISH, a. 1. Partaking of the qualities of the devil ; diabolical ; very evil and mischievous ; malicious. 2. Having communication with the devil ; pertaining to the devil. 3. Excessive ; enormous. DEV'IL-ISH-LY, adv. 1. In a manner suiting the devil ; diabolically ; wickedly. 2. Greatly ; excessively. DEV'IL-ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of the devil, t DEVIL-ISM, 71. The state of devils. Bp. Hall. t DEVIL-lZE, v. t. To place among devils. Bp. Hall. DEVIL-KIN, n. A little devil. Clarissa. DEVIL-SHIP, 71. The character of a devil. De'VI-OUS, a. [L. devius.] 1. Out of the common way or track. 2. Wandering ; roving ; rambling. 3. Erring ; going astray from rectitude or the divine precepts DE-ViR'GlN-ATE, v. t. [Low L. devirgino.] To deflour. Sandys. DE-ViS'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be bequeathed or given by will. 2. That can be invented or contrived. DE-VlSE', V. t. [Fr. deviser.] 1. To invent ; to contrive ; to form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, new applications of principles, or new arrangement of parts ; to excogitate ; to strike out by thought ; to plan ; to scheme ; to project. 2. To give or bequeath by will, as land or other real estate. DE-VlSE', V. i. To consider ; to contrive ; to lay a plan ; to form a scheme. DE-VlSE', n. 1. Primarily, a dividing or division ; hence, the act of bequeathing by will ; the act of giving or dis- tributing real estate by a testator. 2. A will or testament. 3. A share of estate bequeathed. fDE-yiSE', 77. Contrivance; scheme invented. Hooker. DE-VlS'ED, (de-vizd') pp. Given by will ; bequeathed ; contrived. DEV-I-SEE',7i. The person to whom a devise is made; one to whom real estate is bequeathed. DE-ViS'ER, 71. One who contrives or invents ; a contriver ; an inventor. Grew. DE-VlS'ING, ppr. 1. Contriving; inventing; forming a scheme or plan. 2. Giving by will ; bequeathing. DE-VlS'OR, 71. One who gives by will ; one who bequeaths lands or tenements. Blackstone. t DE VI-TA-BLE, a. Avoidable. t DEV-I-Ta'TION, 71. An escaping. f DEV-0-€a'TION, 71. [L. devocatio.] A calling away ; se- duction. Hallyicell. DE-VOID', a. [de and void.] 1. Void ; empty ; vacant. 2. Destitute ; not possessing. 3. Free from. DE-VOIR', (dev-wor') n. [Fr. devoir.] Primarily, service or duty. Hence, an act of civility or respect ; respectful no- tice due to another. DEV-O-LtJ'TION, n. [L. devolutio.] 1. The act of rolling down. 2. Removal from one person to another ; a pass- ing or falling upon a successor. DE-VOLVE', (de-volv') v. t. [L. devolvoJ 1. To roll down ; to pour or flow with windings. 2. To move from one person to another ; to deliver over, or from one possessor to a successor. DE-VOLVE', (de-volv') v. i. Literally, to roll down ; hence, to pass from one to another ; to fall by succession from one possessor to his successor. DE-VOLVED, (de-volvd') pp. Rolled down ; passed over to another. DE-VOLVING, ppr. Rolling down ; falling to a successor. t DE-Vo'TA-RY, 71. A votary. Gregory. DE-VoTE', V. t. [L. devoveo, devotus.] 1. To appropriate by vow ; to set apart or dedicate by a solemn act j to con- secrate. 2. To give up wholly ; to addict ; to direct the * See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE;— BIJLL, UNITE.— €asK; 6as J; SasZ; CHasSH; TH as in tAw. t Obsolett DEX 244 DIA attention wholly or chiefly ; to attach. 3. To give up ; to resign. 4. To doom; to consign over. 5. To exe- crate : to doom to evil. DE-VoTE'. a. Devoted. Milton. DE-VoTE'^ n. A devotee. Sandys. ])E-VoT'ED, jjp Appropriated by vow ; solemnly set apart or dedicated ; consecrated ; addicted ; given up ; doom- ed, consigned. DE-VoT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being devoted or given ; addictedness. Milner. UEV-0-TEE', n. [Fr." devot.] One who is wholly devoted ; particularly, one given wholly to religion ; one who is superstitiously given to religious duties and ceremonies ; a bigot. DE-VoTE'MENT, n. 1. Devotedness ; devotion. 2. Vow- ed dedication. Mason. DE-VoT'ER, 7*. One that devotes ; also, a worshiper. DE-VoT'ING, pjyr. Giving or appropriating by vow ; sol- emnly setting apart or dedicating ; consecrating ; giving wholly ; addicting ; dooming ; consigning. I)E-Vo'TION, n. 1. The state of being dedicated, conse- crated, or solemnly set apart for a particular purpose. 2. A solemn attention to the Supreme Being in worship ; a yielding of the heart and affections to God ; devoutness. 3. External worship ; acts of religion ; performance of re- ligious duties. 4. Prayer to the Supreme Being. 5. An act of reverence, respect or ceremony. 6. Ardent love or affection,- attachment manifested by constant attention. 7. Earnestness ; ardor ; eagerness. 8. Disposal ; power of dijposing of: state of dependence. DE-Vo'TION-AIi, a. 1. Pertaining to devotion ; used in devotion. 2. Suited to devotion. DE-Vo'TION-AL-IST, ) n. A person given to devotion ; or DE-Vo'TION-IST, \ one superstitiously or formally devout. tDE-Vo'TO, w. [It.] A devotee. Spenser. j DE-Vo'TOR, n. One who reverences or worships. DE-VOUR', V. t. [L. devoro.] 1. To eat up; to eat with greediness ; to eat ravenously, as a beast of prey, or as a hungry man. 2. To destroy ; to consume with rapidity and violence. 3. To destroy ; to annihilate ; to consume. 4. To waste ; to consume ; to spend in dissipation and riot. 5. To consume wealth and substance by fraud, op- pression, or illegal exactions. 6. To destroy spiritually ; to ruin the soul. 7. To slay. 8. To enjoy with avid- ity. I)E-VOUR'ED, (de-vourd') pp. Eaten; swallowed with greediness ; consumed ; destroyed ; wasted ; slain. DE-VOIIR'ER, n. One who devours ; he or that which eats, consumes or destroys ; he that preys on. DE-VOUR'ING, ppr. Eating greedily ; consuming ; wast- ing; destroying: annihilating. DE-VOUR'ING-LY, adv. In a devouring manner. DE-VOUT', a. [It. devoto ; Fr. devot.] 1. Yielding a sol- emn and reverential attention to God in religious exer- cises, particularly in prayer. 2. Pious ; devoted to reli- gion ; religious. 3. Expressing devotion or piety. 4. Sincere ; solemn ; earnest. t DE-VOUT', n. A devotee. Sheldon. DE-VOUT'LESS, a. Destitute of devotion. DE-VOUT LESS-NESS, ?i. Want of devotion, DE-VOUT'LY, adv. 1. With solemn attention and rever- ence to God; with ardent devotion. 2. Piously; re- ligiously ; with pious thoughts. 3. Sincerely ; solemnly ; earnestly. DE-VOUT'NESS, n. The quality of being devout. t DE-VOW, V. t. To give up. B. Jonson. DEW, n. [Sax. deaw.] The water or moisture collected or deposited on or near the surface of the earth, during the night, by the escape of the heat which held the water in solution. DEW, V. t. To wet with dew ; to moisten. Milton. DEW'BENT, a. Bent by the dew. Thomson. DEW-BER-RY, n. The fruit of a species of brier or bram- ble, that creeps along the ground, of the genus rubus. DEW-BE-SPAN-GLED, a. Spangled with dew-drops. t DEW'-BE-SPRENT', a. Sprinkled with dew. Milton. DEW'-BE-SPRIN'KLED, a. Sprinkled with dew. DEW-DROP, n. A drop of dew, which sparkles at sun- rise ; a spangle of dew. Milton. DEW'-DROP-PING, a. Wetting as with dew. DEWED, pp. Moistened with dew. DEW-IM-PEARL'ED, a. Covered with dew-drops, like pearls. Drayton. DEWING, ppr. Wetting or moistening with dew. DEW-LAP, n. 1. The flesh that hangs from the throat of oxen, which laps or licks the dew in grazing.— 2. In Shakspeare, a lip flaccid with age. DEW'-LAPT, a. Furnished with a dew-lap. DEW'-WoRM, n. A worm, called otherwise earth-worm, a species of lumbricus. DEWY, a. 1. Partaking of dew ; like dew. 2. Moist with dew. DEX'TER, a. [L. dexter.'] Right, as opposed to left ; a term used in heraldry, to denote the right side of a shield or coat of arms. DEX-TER'I-TY, n. [L. dexteritas.] 1. Readiness of limbs; adroitness ; activity ; expertness ; skill ; that readiness in performing an action, which proceeds from experience or practice, united with activity or quick motion. 2. Read- iness of mind or mental faculties, as in contrivance, or inventing means to accomplish a purpose ; promptness in devising expedients ; quickness and skill in managing or conducting a scheme of operations. DEX'TRAL, a. Right, as opposed to left. Brown. DEX-TRAL'I-TY, n. The state of being on the right side. DEX-TROR'SAL, a. Rising from right to left, as a spira line or helix. DEX'TROUS, a. 1. Ready and expert in the use of the body and limbs ; skilful and active in manual employ- ment ; adroit. 2. Ready in the use of the mental facuJ- ties ; prompt in contrivance and management ; expert ; quick at inventing expedients. 3. Skilful ; artful ; done with dexterity ; as, dextrous management. DEX'TROUS-LY, adv. With dexterity ; expertly ; skilful ly ; artfully ; adroitly ; promptly. DEX'TROUS-NESS, n. Dexterity ; adroitness. DEY, n. The title of the governor of Algiers. DI, a prefix, a contraction of dis, denotes from, separation or negation, or two. DIA, Greek, a prefix, denotes through. Dl'A-BASB', 71. Another name oi greenstone. Di-AB-A-TE'RI-AL, a. [Gr. iia^aivw.] Border-passing. Mitford. Di-A-Be'TES, n. [Gr. J£aj8?7r>7f.] Along-continued increas- ed quantity of urine ; an excessive and morbid discharge of urine. Coxe. Di-A-BET'ie, a. Pertaining to diabetes. Dl-A-B0L'1€, ) a. [L. diabolus.] Devilish ; pertaining Dl-A-BOL'I-€AL, \ to the devil ; hence, extremely mali- cious ; impious ; atrocious ; nefarious ; outrageously wick- ed ; partaking of any quality ascribed to the devU. Dl-A-BOL'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a diabolical manner ; very wickedly ; nefariously. Dl-A-BOL'I-€AL-NESS, n. The qualities of the devil. Di-A-BOL'I-FY, V. t. To ascribe diabolical qualities to. DI-AB'O-LISM, 71. 1. The actions of the devil. " sion by the devil. Warburton. Dl-A-eAUS'Tie, a. [Gr. iiuKaia).] Belonging to curves formed by refraction. Bailey. Dl-A€H'Y-LON, n. [Gr. ^ta and %'jXo5.] An emollient plas- ter. Dl-AC'0-NAL, a. [L. diaconus.] Pertaining to a deacon. Dl-A-€OUS'TI€, a. [Gt.SiaKovu).] Pertaining to the science or doctrine of refracted sounds. DI-A-€OUS'TI€S, n. The science or doctrine of refracted sounds ; the consideration of the properties of sound re- fracted by passing through diflerent mediums ; called also diaphonics. DI-A-€RIT'I-€AL, or Dl-A-€RIT/I€, a. [Gr. SiaKpiTiKog.] That separates or distinguishes ; distinctive. Dl'A-DELPH, n. [Gr. Sis, Si and aSeXipos.] In botany, a plant whose stamens are united into two bodies or bundles by their filaments. Di-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. Having its stamens united into two bodies by their filaments. Dl'A-DEM, 71. [Gr. dLaSrifxa.] I. Anciently, a head-band or fillet worn by kings as a badge of royalty. — 2. In modern usage, the mark or badge of royalty, worn on the head ; a crown ; and, figuratively, empire ; supreme power. 3. A distinguished or principal ornament. Dl'A-DEMED, a. Adorned with a dialiem ; crowned ornamented. Pope. Dl'A-DRoM, n. [Gr. haEpoiar].] A course or passing ; a vibration ; the time in which the vibration of a pendulum is perfoiined. Dl-^R'E-SIS, Dl-ER'E-SIS, or Dl-ER'E-SY, n. [Gr Siaipeaig.] The dissolution of a diphthong ; the mark ( •• ) placed over two vowels, denoting that they are to be pro- nounced as distinct letters ; as, aer. Dl-AG-NOS'TI€, d\ [Gr. SiayvwariKos.] Distinguishing , characteristic ; indicating the nature of a disease. Dl-AG-NOS'TI€, n. The sign or symptom by which a dis- ease is known or distinguished from others. Dl-AG'0-NAL, a, [Gr. Siaywvios.] 1. In geometry, ex- tending from one angle to another of a quadrilateral fig- ure, and dividing it into two equal parts. 2. Being in an angular direction. Di-AG'0-NAL, n. A right line drawn from angle to angle of a quadrilateral figure, as a square or parallelogram, and dividing it into two equal parts. Dl-AG'O-NAL-LY, adv. In a diagonal direction Dl'A-GRAM, 71. [Gr. ^taypa/x/ta.] In geometry, a figure, draught or scheme, delineated for the purpose of demon strating the properties of any figure, as a square, triangle, circle, &c. Anciently, a musical scale. See Synopsis. A, E,I, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;—PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Obsolete DIA 245 Die DI-A-GRAPHie, ) a. [Gr. Sia and yoaAb).] Descrip- I)l-A-GRAPH'I-eAL, i tive. Di-A-GRYD'I-ATES, n. Strong purgatives made with dia- grydium. Di'AL, n. [It diail.] An instrument for measuring time, by the aid of the sun ; being a plate or plain surface, on which lines are drawn in such a manner, that the shadow of a wire, or of the upper edge of another plane, erected perpendicularly on the former, may show the true time j)f the day. Di'AL-PLATE, n. The plate of a dial on which the lines are drawn, to show the hour or time of the day. DrA-LE€T, n. [Gr. SiaXeKTOs.] 1. The form or idiom of a language, peculiar to a province, or to a kingdom or state. 2. Language ; speech, or manner of speaking, Dl-A-LEe'TI-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a dialect, or dia- lects ; not radical. 2. Logical ; argumental. DI-A-LE€TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a dialect. Dl-A-LE€-Ti"CIAN, n. A logician ; a reasoner. Dl-A-LE€'TI€S, n. That branch of logic which teaches the rules and modes of reasoning. Dl'AL-ING, n. Tlie art of constructing dials, or of drawing dials on a plane. The sciateric science, or knowledge of ^howing the time by shadows. Di'AL-IST, n. A constructer of dials 5 one skilled in dial- ing. Dl'AL-LAGE, n. [Gr. SiaXXayrj.] A mineral, the smarag- dite of Saussure. The metalloidal subspecies is called schillerstein, or shiller spar. Dl-AL'0-6lSM, 71. A feigned speech between two or more. Dl-AL'0-6lST, n. A speaker in a dialogue ; also, a writer of dialogues. Johnson. DI-AL-0-IiIt'iSaL j '^- having the form of a dialogue. Di-AL-O-GIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of dia- logue. Dl-AL'0-6IZE, V. i. To discourse in dialogue. Dl'A-LOGUE, (dl'a-log) n. [Fr. dialogue.] 1. A conversa- tion or conference between two or more persons ; partic- jdarhj, a formal conversation in theatrical performances ; also, an exercise in colleges and schools, in which two or more persons carry on a discourse. 2. A written conver- sation, or a composition in which two or more persons are represented as conversing on some topic . t Dl'A-LOGUE, V. i. To discourse together ; to confer. DI'A-LOGUE-WRlT'ER, n. A writer of dialogues or feigned conversations. Dl-AL'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. 6ia\vaLS.] 1. A mark in writing or printing, consistmg of two points placed over one of two vowels, to dissolve a diphthong, or to show that the two vowels are to be separated in pronunciation. — 2. In medi- cine, debility ; also, a solution of continuity. t Dl-A-MAN'TlNE, for adamantine. Dl-AM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Siaiierpog.] 1. A right line passing through the centre of a circle or other curvilinear figure, terminated by the circumference, and dividing the figure into two equal parts. 2. A right line passing through the centre of a piece of timber, a rock or other object, from one side to the other. Dl-AM'E-TRAL, a. Diametrical, which see. Dl-AM'E-TRAL-LY, adv. Diametrically. Dl-A-MET'RI-€AL, a. 1. Describing a diameter. 2. Ob- serving the direction of a diameter j direct. Di-A-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. In a diametrical direction ; directly. * Dl'A-aiOND, (dl'a-mond, or di'mond) n. [Fr. diam^nt.] 1. A mineral, gem or precious stone, of the most valuable kind, remarkable for its hardness, as it scratches all other minerals. When pure, the diamond is usually clear and transparent, but it is sometimes colored. 2. A very small printing letter. , 3. A figure, otherwise called a rhombus. Di'A-MOND, a. Resembling a diamond ; consisting of dia- monds. Di'A-MOND-ED, a. Having the figure of an oblique-angled parallelogram, or rhombus. Fuller. Di'A-MOND-MINE, n. A mine in which diamonds are found. Dl-AN'DER, n. [Gr. 5is, 61 and avrjp.] In botany, a plant having two stamens. Di-AWDRI-AN, a. Having two stamens. I DI'A-PASM, 71. FGr. Siairaacrw.] A perfume. DI-A-Pa'SON, } 71. [Gr. 6iaira(ru)v.] 1. In 77iMsic,the octave Dl'A-PASE, \ or interval which includes all the tones. — 9. Among musical-instrument-makers, a rule or scale by which they adjust the pipes of organs, the holes of flutes, &c., in due proportion for expressing the several tones and semitones. Dl-A-PEN'TE, n. [Gr. Sia and ttevte.] I, A fifth ; an in- terval making the second of the concords, and, with the diatessaron, an octave. — 2. In medicine, a composition of tive ingredients. DI'A-PER, 71. [Fr. diapre ; said to be from Ypres.] Figured linen cloth ; a cloth wove in flowers or figures ; much jised for towels or napkins. Hence, a towel or napkin. Dl'A-PER, V. t. To variegate or diversify, as cloth, with figures ; to flower. Spenser. DI'A-PER, V. i. To draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth. Di'A-PHaNED, a. Transparent. [Little used.} DT-APH-A-Ne'I-TY, 71. [Gr. ka^aveia.] The power of transmitting light ; transparency ; pellucidness. DI-A-PHAN'I€, a. [Gr. bLar. Expanding; enlarging; speaking large- ly- _ DI-LaT'OR, n. That which widens or expands ; a muscle that dilates. DIL'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. With delay ; tardily. DIL'A-TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being dilatory or late ; lateness ; slowness in motion ; delay in proceeding , tardiness. DIL'A-TO-RY, a. [Fr. dilatoire.] 1. Literally, drawing out or extending in time ; hence, slow ; late ; tardy; ap- plied to things. 2. Given to procrastination ; not proceed- ing with diligence ; making delay ; slow ; late ; applied to persons. 3. in law, intended to make delay ; tending to delay. DI-LE€'TION, n. [L. dilectic] A loving. Martin. DI-LEM'MA, n. [Gr. SiXr/jjifia.] 1. In logic, an argument equally conclusive by contrary suppositions. 2. A difficult or doubtful choice ; a state of things in which evils or ob- stacles present themselves on every side, and it is diffi- cult to determine what course to pursue. DIL-ET-TAN'TE, n. [It.] One who delights in promoting science or the fine arts. Burke. DIL'I-GENCE, 7z. [L. dlligentia.] 1. Steady application in business of any kind ; constant effort to accomplish what is undertaken ; exertion of body or mind without unneces- sary delay or sloth ; due attention ; industry ; assiduity. 2. Care ; heed ; heedfulness. 3. The name of a stage- coach, used in France. DIL'I-GENT, a. [L. diligens.] 1. Steady in application to business ; constant in effort or exertion to accomplish what is undertaken ; assiduous ; attentive ; industrious ; not idle or negligent ; applied to persons. 2. Steadily ap- plied ; prosecuted with care and constant effort ; careful ; assiduous. DIL'I-GENT- LY, adv. With steady application and care ; with industry or assiduity ; not carelessly ; not negligent- ly- DILL, 71. [Sax. dil, dile.] An annual plant. DILL, v. t. To soothe ; to blunt ; to silence pain or sound. Orose. fDI-Lu'CID, a. [L. dilucidus.] Clear. t DI-Lu'CI-DATE, v. t. To make clear. See Elttcidate. DI-LU-CI-Da'TION, n. The act of making clear. DI-Lu'CID-LY, adv. Evidently ; clearly. DIL'U-ENT, a. [L. diluens.] 1. Making liquid, or more fluid ; making thin ; attenuating. 2. Weakening the strength of, by mixture with water. DIL'U-ENT, 71. I. That which thins or attenuates ; that which makes more liquid. 2. That which weakens the strength of; as water, which, mixed with wine or spirit, reduces the strength of it. Dl-LuTE', v. t. [L. diluo, dilutus.] 1. Literally, to wasJi , but appropriately, to render liquid, or more liquid ; to make thin, or more fluid. 2. To weaken, as spirit or an acid, by an admixture of water, which renders the spirit or acid less concentrated. 3. To make weak or weaker, as color, by mixture. 4. To weaken ; to reduce the strength or standard of. DI-LuTE', a. Thin ; attenuated ; reduced in strength, as spirit or color. J^ewton. DI-LuT'ED, pp. Made liquid ; rendered more fluid ; weak- ened ; made thin, as liquids. DI-LuT'ER, n. That which makes thin, or more liquid DI-LuT'ING, ppr. Making thin, or more liquid ; weaken ing. DI-LtJ'TION, n. The act of making thin, weak, or more liquid. Arhuthnot. DI-LtJ'VI-AL, ) a. [L. diluvium.] 1. Pertaining to a flood or DI-LtJ'VI-AN, \ deluge, more especially to the deluge in Noah's days. 2. Effected or produced by a deluge, par- ticularly by the great flood in the days of Noah. Buckland * See Synopsis. A, g, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT-,— FRgY;— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. DIN 249 DIP DI-LO'VI-ATE, V. i. To run as a flood. {J^Tot mwh used.] Sandys. DI-Lu'VI-UM, n. [L.] In geology, a deposit of superficial loamj sand, gravel, &c., caused by the deluge. DIM, a. [Sax. dim.] 1. Not seeing clearly ; having the vision obscured and inaistinct. 2. Not clearly seen ; obscure j imperfectly seen or discovered. 3. Somewhat dark; dusky ; not luminous. 4. Dull of apprehension ; having - obscure conceptions. 5. Having its lustre obscured ; sul- lied ; tarnished. DIM, V. t. 1. To cloud ; to impair the powers of vision. 2. To obscure. 3. To render dull the powers of concep- tion. 4. To make less bright ; to obscure. 5. To render less bright ; to tarnish or sully. t DIM'BLE, n. A bower ; a cell or retreat. B. Jonson. DIME, n. [Fr.] A silver coin of the United Utates, of the value of ten cents ; the tenth of a dollar. DI-MEN'SION, n. [L. dimensio.] In geometry, the extent of a body, or length, breadth and thickness or depth. DI-MEN'SION-LESS, a. Without any definite measure or extent ; boundless. Milton. DI-MEN'SI-TY, n. Extent } capacity. Howell. DI-MEN'SIVE, a. That marks the boundaries or outlines. Davies. DIM'E-TER, a. [L.] Having two poetical measures DIM'E-TER, n. A verse of two measures. t DIM-I-€a'TION, 71. A battle, a contest. Diet. DI-MID'I-ATE, V. t. [L. dimidio.] To divide into two equal parts. DI-MID'I-A-TED, a. [L. dimidiatus.] Divided into two equal parts j halved. DI-MID-I-A-'TION, n. The act of halving ; division into two equal parts. DI-MIN'ISH, V. t. [L. diminuo.] 1. To lessen ; to make less or smaller, by any means. 2. To lessen : to impair 5 to degrade. — 3. In music, to take from a note by a sharp^ flat or natural. — To diminish from, to take away some- thing ; fobs.] DI-MIN'ISH, V. i. To lessen ; to become or appear less or smaller. DI-MIN'ISH- A-BLE, a. Capable of being diminished. DI-MIN'ISHED, ^p. ijossened; made smaller; reduced in size ; contracted ; degraded. DI-MIN'ISH-ER, n. That which, or one who, impairs or DI-MIN'ISH-ING, ppr. Lessening ; contracting ; degrading. DI-MIN'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner to lessen reputa- tion. Locke. DI-MIN'U-ENT, a. Lessening. [Little used.] t DIM'I-NUTE, a. Small. Gorges. tDIM'I-NUTE-LY, adv. In a manner which lessens. DIM-I-Nu'TION, n. [L. diminutio.] 1. The act of lessening ; a making smaller. 2. The state of becoming or appearing less. 3. Discredit ; loss of dignity ; degradation. 4. De- privation of dignity ; a lessening of estimation. — 5. In architecture, the contraction of the upper part of a column, by which its diameter is made less than that of the lower part. — 6. In music, the imitation of or reply to a subject in notes of half the length or value of those of the subject it- self. DI-MIN'U-TIVE, a. [Fr. diminutif.] Small ; little ; narrow ; contracted. DI-MIN'U-TIVE, 71. In grammar, a word formed from another word, usually an appellative or generic term, to express a little thing of the kind. DI-MIN'U-TiVE-LY, adv. In a diminutive manner ; in a manner to lessen. DI-MIN'U-TiVE-NESS, n. Smallness ; littleness ; want of bulk; want of dignity. DIM'ISH, a. Somewhat dim or obscure. DI-MIS'SION, n. Leave to depart. Huloet. *DIM'IS-SO-RY, a. [L. dimissorius.] 1. Sending away; dismissing to another jurisdiction. 2. Granting leave to depart. tDI-MIT', V. t. [L. dimitto.] To permit to go ; to grant to farm ; to let. DIM'I-TY, n. [D. diemit.] A kind of white cotton cloth, ribbed or figured. DIM'LY, adv. 1. In a dim or obscure manner ; with imper- fect sight. 2. Not brightly, or clearly ; with a faint light. DIM'MING, ppr. Obscuring. DIM'MING, n. Obscurity. Shak. DIM'NESS, 71. 1. Dullness of sight. 2. Obscurity of vision ; imperfect sight. 3. Faintness ; imperfection. 4. Want of brightness. 5. Want of clear apprehension ; stupidity. DIM'PLE, n. A small natural cavity or depression in the cheek or other part of the face. DIM'PLE, V. i. To form dimples ; to sink into depressions or little inequalities. Dryden. DIM'PLED, a. Set with dimples. DIM'PLY, a. Full of dimples, or small depressions. DIM'-SlGHT-ED, a. Having dim or obscure vision. DIN, 71 [Sax. dyn.] Noise ; a loud sound ; particularly, a rattling, clattering or rumbling sound, long continued. DIN, V. t. To strike with continued or confused sound ; to stun with noise ; to harass with clamor. DINE, V. i. [Sax. dynan.] To eat the chief meal of the day DINE, V. t. To give a dinner to ; to furnish with the prin- cipal meal ; to feed. tDI-NET'I-€AL, a. [Gr. 6lvt)TlKos^ Whkling round. DING, v.t. ; pret. dung, or dinged. [Sax. dencgan.] To thrust or dash with violence. [Little used.] DING, V, i. To bluster ; to bounce, [.d low word.] DING'DONG. Words used to express the sound of bells. Shak. DIN'GI-NESS, 71. A dusky or dark hue ; brownness. DIN'GLE, 71. A narrow dale or valley between hills. DIN'GLE-DAN'GLE. Hanging loosely, or something dan- gling. Warton. DIN'GY a. Soiled; sullied; of a dark color; brown; dusky; dun DiN'ING, ppr. Eating the principal meal in the day. DiN'ING-ROOM, n. A room for a family or for company to dine in ; a room for entertainments. DIN'NER, n. [Fr. diner ; Ir. dinner.] 1. The meal taken about the middle of the day ; or the principal meal of the day, eaten between noon and evening. 2. An entertain- ment ; a feast. DIN'NER-TIME, 71. The usual time of dining. DINT, n. [Sax. dynt.] 1. A b'ow ; astroke. 2. Force ; vio- lence ; power exerted 3. The mark made by a blow ; a cavity or impression made by a blow or by pressure on a substance ; often pronounced dent. Dryden. DINT, V. t. To make a mark or cavity on a substance by a blow or by pressure. [See Indent.] Donne. BINTiBD, pp. Marked by a blow or Ly pressure. DINT'ING, ppr. Impressing marks or cavities. Dl-NU-MER-A'TION, n. The act of numbering singly [Little used.] * Di'O-CE-SAN, a. [The accent on the first and on the third syllable is nearly equal.] Pertaining to a diocese. *Dl'0-CE-SAN, 71. A bishop: one in possession of a dio- cese, and having the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over it. Dl'O-CESE, ) 71. [Gr. 5iot/c//o-tf.] [Diocess is an erroneous Dl'O-CESS, \ orthography.] The circuit or extent of a bishop's jurisdiction ; an ecclesiastical division of a king- jlom or state, subject to the authority of a bishop. DI-0€-TA-He'DRAL, a. In erystalography, having the form of an octahedral prism with tetrahedral summits Dl'O-DON, n. The sun-fish. Dl'O-MEDE, n. An aquatic fowl of the web-footed kind. Di-OP'SIDE, n. ["Gr. ko-^pi?.] A rare mineral, regarded by Haiiy as a variety of augite. Di-OP'TASE, 71. Emerald copper ore, a translucent mineral, occurring crystalized in six-sided prisms. DI-OP'TI€, ) a. [Gr. ^loiirpiKog.] 1. Affording a me- Dl-OP'TI-€ AL, r dium for the sight ; assisting the sight Dl-OP'TRI€, ( in the view of distant objecis. 2. Per- Di-OP'TRI-CAL, ) taining to dioptrics, or the science of refracted light. Di-OP'TRI€S, 71. That part of optics which treats of the re- fractions of light passing through difierent mediums, as through air, water or glass. DI-0-RA'MA, 71. [Gr. ha and opana.] A newly invented optical machine giving a variety of light and shade. DT'O-RISM, n. [Gr. Siopicixa.] Definition. [Ra-'ely used.] Di-0-RIS'TI€, a. Distinguishing ; defining. [Rarely v^ed.] Di-0-RIS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a distinguishing manner. Di-OR-THo'SIS, 71. A chirurgical operation, by which crooked or distorted members are restored to their primi- tive shape. DIP, v. t. ; pret. and pp. dipped, or dipt. [Sax. dippan.] 1. To plunge or immerse, for a moment or snort time, in water or other liquid substance ; to put into a fluid, and with- draw. 2. To take with a ladle or other vessel by immers- ing it in a fluid ; as, to dip water from a boiler. 3. To engage ; to take concern. Dryden. 4. To engage as a pledge ; to mortgage ; [little used.ipryden. 5. To moisten; to wet ; [unusual.] Milton. 6. To baptize by immersion DIP, v. i. 1. To sink ; toimmerge in a liquid. 2. To enter ; to pierce. 3. To engage ; to take a concern ; as, to dip into the funds. 4. To enter slightly ; to look cursorily, or here and there. 5. To choose by chance ; to thrust and take. 6. To incline downward. DIP, 71. Inclination downward ; a sloping ; a direction be low a horizontal line ; depression.— The dip of a stratum, in geology, is its greatest inclination to the horizon, or that on a line perpendicular to its direction or course ; called also \he pitch. DIP'-CHI€K, 71. A small bird that dives. Dl-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. B19 and ireraXov.] Having two flower-leaves or petals ; two-petaled. DIPH'THONG, 71. [Gr. hcpQoyyog.] A coalition or union of two vowels pronounced in one syllable. DIPH-THONG'AL, a. Belonging to a diphthong ; consist ing of two vowel sounds pronoimced in one syllable. See Synopsis. mOV^, BOOK, D6VE ;— BllJLL, UNITE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t/iis. t Obsolete DIR 250 DIS DIPH^YTt-LOUS, a. [Gr. 5ts and ^uXXov.] In hotany, having two leaves, as a csuiyx, &c. DIP'tOE, n. [Gr. ^ittXods.] The soft medituUium, meduUa- ry substance, or porous part, between the plates of the skull. DI-PLO'MA, n. [Gr. ^iiAaifia.'] A letter or writing confer- ring some power, authority, privilege or honor. DI-PLO'MA-CY, n. 1. The customs, rules and privileges of embassadors, envoys, and other representatives of princes anS states at foreign courts ; forms of negotiation. 2. A diplomatic body ; the whole body of ministers at a foreign court. 3. The agency or management of ministers at a foreign court. Dl-PLo'MATE, V. t. To invest with a privilege. DIP'LO-MA-TED, a. Made by diplomas. Rennet. DIP-L.0-MA"1''I€, a. 1. Pertaining to diplomas ; privileged. fl. Furnished with a diploma ; authorized by letters or credentials to transact business for a sovereign at a foreign court. 3. Pertaining to ministers at a foreign court, or to men authorized by diploma. niP-LO-MAT'I€, n. A minister, official agent or envoy to a foreign court. DlP-LO-MAT'ieS, n. The science of diplomas, or of an- cientwritings, literary and public documents, letters, &c. DI-PLo'MA-TIST, n. One employed or versed in aifairs of state. DIP'PER, n. 1 One that dips ; he or that which dips. 2. A vessel used to dip water or other liquor ; a ladle. DIP'PING, ppr. 1. Plunging or immersing into a liquid, and speedily withdrawing. 2. Engaging or taking a concern in. 3. Looking into, here and there ; examining in a cursory, slight or hasty manner. 4. Inclining downward. 5. Breaking; inclining. DIP'PlJl'JG, n. 1. The act of plunging or immersing. 2. The act of inclining towards the earth ; inclination downwards. 3. The interruption of a vein of ore, or stratum of a fossil, in a mine ; or a sloping downwards. 4. The act of bap- tizmg by the immersion of the whole body in water. DIP'PING-NEEDLE, n. A needle that dips ; a magnetic needle which dips or inclines to the earth ; an instrument which shows the inclination of the magnet, at the differ- jjnt points of the earth's surface. Dl-PR1S-MAT'I€, a. Doubly prismatic. Jameson. DIPSAS, 71. [Gr. SLxpas.] A serpent whose bite produces a mortal thirst. DIP'TER, i n. [Gr. ?ii5 and -irrtDov.'] The dipters are an DIP'TE-RA, ) order of insects havmg only two wings, and two poisers, as the fly. DIP'TE-RAL, a. Having two wings only. DIP'TOTE, n. [Gr. from 6is and ttitzto).] In grammar, a noun which has only two cases. DlP'TYeil, 71. [Gr. Snrrvxos.] A public register of the names of consuls and other magistrates among pa- gans ; and of bishops, martyrs and others, among Chris- tians. DI-PyRE', 71. A mineral occurring in minute prisms. DIRE, a. [L. dims.] Dreadful ; dismal ; horrible ; terrible ; evil in a great degree. DI-RE€T', a. [L. directus.] 1. Straight ; right.— 2. In as- tronomy, appearing to move forward in the zodiac, in the direction of the signs ; opposed to retrograde. 3. In the line of father and son ; opposed to collateral. 4. Leading or tending to an end, as by a straight line or course ; not circuitous. 5. Open ; not ambiguous or doubtful. 6. Plain ; express ; not ambiguous.— 7. In music, a direct in- terval is that which forms any kind of harmony on the fundamental sound which produces it ; as the fifth, ma- jor, third and octave.— Direct tax is a tax assessed on real estate, as houses and lands. DI-REGT', V. t. [L. directum.] 1. To point or aim in a straight line, towards a place or object. 2. To point j to show the right road or course. 3. To regulate ; to guide or lead ; to govern ; to cause to proceed in a particular manner. 4. To prescribe a course ; to mark out a way. 5. To order ; to instruct ; to point out a course of proceed- ing, with authority ; to command. Dr-RE€T', 71. In music, a character placed at the end of a stave to direct the performer to the first note of the next stave. Bushy, DI-REeT'ED, pp. Aimed ; pointed ; guided ; regulated ; j^-overned ; ordered ; instructed. DTlREGT'ER, 7i. A director, which see. DI-RE€T'ING, ppr. Aiming ; pointing ; guiding ; regulat- ing ; governing ; ordering. DI-REfJ'TION, n. [L. directio.] 1. Aim at a certain point ; a pointing towards, in a straight line or course. 2. The line in which a body moves by impulse ; course. 3. A straight line or course. 4. The act of governing ; admin- istration ; management ; guidance ; superintendance. 5. Regularity; adjustment. 6. Order; prescription, either verbal or written ; instruction in what manner to proceed. 7. The superscription of a letter, including the name, title and place of abode of the person for whom it is in- tended. 8. A body or board of directors. DI-RE€T'IVE, a. 1. Having the power of direction. Hooker, 2. Informing ; instructing ; showing the way. DI-RE€T'LY, adv. 1. In a straight line or course ; rectit. ineally ; not in a windmg course. 2. Immediately ; soon j without delay. 3. Openly ; expressly ; without circum- locution or ambiguity, or without a train of inferences. DI-RE€T'NESS, n. Straightness ; a straight course ; near- ness of way. Bentley. DI-RE€T'OR, 71. 1. One who directs 5 one who superintends, governs or manages; one who prescribes to others, by virtue of authority ; an instructor ; a counselor. 2. That which dhects ; a rule ; an ordinance. 3. One appointed to transact the affairs of a company. 4. That which di- rects or controls by influence. Hamilton. — 5. In surgery, a grooved probe, intended to direct the edge of the knife or scissors in opening sinuses or fistuliB ; a guide for an incision-knife. DI-RE€-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to directors or direction , containing direction or command. DI-RE€T'0-RY, a. Containing directions ; enjoining ; in- structing. D1-RE€T'0-RY, n. 1. A guide ; a rule to direct; particu larly, a book containing directions for public worship, or religious services. 2. A book containing an alphabet- ical list of the inhabitants of a city, with their places of abode. 3. The supreme council of France, in the late Revolution. 4. A board of directors. DI-RECT'RESS, n. A female who directs or manages, DI-RE€T'RIX, 71. A female who governs or directs. DiRE'FlJL, a. Dire ; dreadful ; terrible ; calamitous. Dry- den. DiRE'FUL-LY, adv. Dreadfully ; terribly ; wofuUy. Dt-REMP'TION, 71. [L. diremptio.] A separation. Hall. DiRE'NESS, 71. Terribleness ; horror ; dismalness. Shak. DI-REP'TION, n. [L. direptio.] The act of plundering, DiRGE, /durj) n. [L. dirige.] A song or tune intended to ex- press grief, sorrow and mourning. DIR'I-GENT, or DI-RECT'RIX, n. In geometry, the line of motion along which the describent line or surface is carried in the generation of any plane or solid figure. DiRK, n. A kind of dagger or poniard. tDiRK, a. Dark. Spenser. JDiRK, V. t. 1. To darken. 2. To poniard ; to stab. DiRT, 71, [Sax, gedritan.] 1. Any foul or filthy substance ; excrement; earth; mud; raire^ dust; whatever, adher- ing to any thing, renders it foul or unclean. 2. Meanness ; sordidness ; [710* iji use.] DiRT, V. t. To make foul or filthy ; to soil ; to bedaub ; to pollute ; to defile. Swift. DiRT'I-LY, adv. L In a dirty manner; foully; nastily; filthily. 2. Meanly ; sordidly ; by low means. DiRT'I-NESS, n. 1. Filthiness ; foulness ; nastiness. 2. Meanness ; baseness ; sordidness. DiRT'Y, a. 1. Foul ; nasty ; filthy ; hot clean ; as dirty hands. 2, Not clean ; not pure ; turbid, 3, Cloudy ; dark ; dusky. 4. Mean ; base ; low ; despicable ; grovel- ing. DiRT'Y, V. t. 1. To foul ; to make filthy ; to soil. 2. To tarnish ; to sully ; to scandalize. Dl-RUP'TION, 71. [L. diruptio.] A bursting or rending asunder. See Disruption. DIS, a prefix or inseparable preposition, from the Latin, whence Fr. des, Sp. dis, and de may in some instances be tlie same word contracted. Dis denotes separation, a parting from ; hence, it has the force of a privative and negative, as in disarm, disoblige, disagree. DIS-A-BIL'I-TY, 71. I. Want of competent natural or bodi- ly power, strength or ability ; weakness ; impotence. 2. Want of competent intellectual power or strength of mind ; incapacity. 3. Want of competent means or instruments. 4. Want of legal qualifications ; incapacity. DIS-a'BLE, v. t. 1. To render unable ; to deprive of com- petent natural strength or power. 2. To deprive of men- tal power, as by destroying or weakening the understand ing. 3. To deprive of adequate means, instruments or resources. 4. To destroy the strength ; or to weaken and impair so as to render incapable of action, service or re- sistance. 5. To destroy or impair and weaken the means which render any thing active, efficacious or useful ; to destroy or diminish any competent means. 6. To deprive of legal qualifications, or competent power ; to incapaci tate ; to render incapable, DIS-a'BLED, pp. Deprived of competent power, corporeal or intellectual ; rendered incapable ; deprived of mean? DIS-a'ELE-MENT, 71. Weakness; disability; legar ji- pediment. Bacon. DIS-A'BLING, ppr. Rendering unable or incapable de- priving of adequate power or capacity, or of legal qualifi- cations, DIS-A-BtJSE', t), i, [Fr. desabuser.] To free from mistake ; to undeceive ; to disengage from fallacy or deception ; »o set right, DIS-A-BUS'ED, (dis-a-bQzd') pp. Undeceived. DIS-A-BUS'ING, ppr. Undeceiving. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tr, Y, long.—FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARYNE, BiRD ;— -f Obsolete. DIS 251 DIS DlS-A€J-€OM'MO-DATE, v. t. To put to inconvenience. DI:S-A€-€OM-MO-Da'TION, n. A state of being unaccom- modated 3 a state of being unprepared. Hale. t DIS-A€-€ORD', v. i. To refuse assent. Spenser, DIS-A€-eUS'TOM, v. t. To neglect familiar or customary practice ; to destroy the force of habit by disuse. DIS-A€-€US'TOMED, pp. Disused ; having neglected practice or familiar use. DIS-A€-KNOWL'ED6E, v. t. To deny : to disown. South. DIS-Ae-KNOWL'EDGED, pp. Denied ; disowned. DIS-A€-KNOWL'ED6-ING, ppr. Denying ; disowning. DIS-A€-aUAlNT', V. t. To dissolve acquaintance. [L. u.] UIS-A€-aUAlNT'ANCE, n. Neglect or disuse of familiari- ty, or familiar knowledge of. DIS-A-DORN', V. t. To deprive of ornaments. Congreve. tDIS-AD-VANCE', v. t. or i. To check ; to halt. DIS-AD-VAN'TAGE, n. [Ft. desavantage.\ 1. That which prevents success, or renders it difficult ; a state not favor- able to successful operation. 2. Any unfavorable state ; a state in which some loss or injury may be sustained. 3. Loss 5 injury 5 prejudice to interest, fame, credit, profit or other good. 1)IS-AD-VAN'TA6E, v. t. To injure in interest; to preju- dice. f DIS-AD-VAN'TA6E-A-BLE, a. Not advantageous. DIS-AD-VAN-TA'6EOUS, a. Unfavorable to success or prosperity ; inconvenient ; not adapted to promote inter- est, reputation or other good. DIS-AD-VAN-Ta'6E0US-LY, adv. In a manner not fa- vorable to success, or to interest, profit or reputation ; with loss or inconvenience. DIS-AD-VAN-TA'6E0US-NESS, n. Unfavorableness to success ; inconvenience ; loss. tDIS-AD-VENT'UE.E,n. Misfortune. Raleigh. t DIS-AD-VENT'U-ROUS, a. Unprosperous. Spenser. DIS-AF-FE€T', v. t. 1. To alienate affection ; to make less friendly to ; to make less faithful to a person, party or cause, or less zealous to support it ; to make discontented or unfriendly. 2. To disdain, or dislike. Hall. 3. To throw into disorder. Hammond. DIS-AF-FE€T'ED, pp- or a. Having the affections alienat- ed ; indisposed to favor or support ; unfriendly. DIS-AF-FE€T'ED-LY, adv. In a disaffected manner. DIS-AF-FE€T'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being disaf- DIS-AF-FE€T'ING,p;>r. Alienatingthe affections ; making less friendly. DIS-AF-F£€'TION, n. I. Alienation of affection, attach- ment or good will ; want of affection ; or, more generally , positive enmity, dislike or unfriendlhiess ; disloyalty, 2. Disorder ; bad constitution ; [little used.^ Wiseman. D]S-AF-FE€'TION-ATE, a. Not well disposed ; not friend- ly. Blount. DIS-AF-FiRM', V. t. 1, To deny ; to contradict. 9. To over- throw or annul, as a judicial decision, by a contrary judg- ment of a superior tribunal. DIS-AF-FiRM'ANCE, n. 1. Denial ; negation ; disproof; confutation. 2. Overthrow or annulment, by the decision of a superior tribunal. DIS-AF-FiRM'ED, (dis-af-furmd') pp. Denied ; contradict- ed ; overthrown. DIS-AP-FiRMaNG, ppr. Denying ; contradicting ; anull- ing. DIS-AF-FOR'EST, v. t. To reduce from the privileges of a forest to the state of common ground ; to strip of forest laws and their oppressive privileges. DIS-AF-FOR'EST-ED,pp. Stripped of forest privileges. DIS-AF-FOR'EST-ING, ppr. Depriving of forest privi- leges. DIS-AG'GRE-GATE, v.t. To separate an aggregate mass into its component parts. DIS-AG'GRE-GA-TED, pp. Separated, as an aggregate mass. I)IS-AG'GRE-GA-TING, ppr. Separating, as the parts of an aggregate body. DIS-AG-GRE-Ga'TION, 71. The act or operation of sepa- rating an aggregate body into its component parts. OlS-A-GREE', v.i. 1. To differ; to be not accordant or coincident ; to be not the same ; to be not exactly simi- lar. 2. To differ, as in opinion. 3. To be unsuitable. 4. To differ ; to be in opposition. DIS-A-GREE'A-BLE, a. 1. Contrary; unsuitable; not con- formable ; not congruous ; [little used.'] 2 Unpleasing ; otFensive to the mind, or to the senses. I)IS-A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Unsuitabieness ; contra- riety. 2. Unpleasantness ; offensiveness to the mind, or to tliG senses DIS-A-GREE'A-BLY, adv. Unsuitably ; unpleasantly ; of- fensively. DIS-A-GREE'ING, ppr. Differing; not according or coin- ciding. DIS-A-GREE'MENT, n. 1. Difference, either in form or essence ; dissimilitude ; diversity. 2. Difference of opin- ion or sentiments. 3. Unsuitabieness. t DIS-AL-LIe6E', v. t. To alienate from allegiance. DIS-AL-LO W, V. t. [dis and allow.] To refuse permission, or not to permit ; not to grant ; not to make or suppose lawful ; not to authorize ; to disapprove. 2. To testify dislike or disappro'iation ; to refuse assent. 3. Not to ap- prove ; net to receive ; to reject'. 4. Not to allow or ad- mit as just ; to reject. DIS-AL-LOW, V. i. To refuse permission ; not to grant. DIS-AL-LOW'A-BLE, a. Not allowable ; not to be suf- fered. DIS-AL-LOW'ANCE, n. Disapprobation ; refusal to admit or permit ; prohibition ; rejection. DIS-AL-LOW'ED, (dis-al-lowd') pp. Not granted, permit- ted or admitted ; disapproved ; rejected. DIS-AL-LOWING, ppr. Not permitting ; not admitting ; disapproving ; rejecting DIS-AL-L1?', V. t. To form an iinproper alliance. DIS-AN'€HOR, ■?;. t. To force from its anchors. t DIS-AN-6EL'I-€AL, a. Not angelical. Coventry. DIS-AN'I-MATE, v. t. 1. To deprive of life ; [not used.] 2. To deprive of spirit or courage ; to discourage ; to dis- hearten ; to deject, DIS-AN'I-MA-TED, pp. Discouraged ; dispirited. DIS-AN'I-MA-TING, ppr. Discouraging ; disheartening. DIS-AN-I-Ma'TION. n. 1. The act of discouraging; d© pression of spirits. 2. Privation of life ; [not used.] DIS-A.N -NUL', V. t. To annul ; to make void ; to deprive of authority or force ; to nullify ; to abolish. DIS-AN-NUL'LED, (dis-an-nuld') pp. Annulled ; vacated ; made void, PIS-AN-NUL'LING, ppr. Making void ; depriving of au- thority or binding force. DIS-AN-NUL'MENT, n. The act of making void. DIS-A-NOINT', V. t. To render consecration invalid. DIS-AP-PAR'EL, V. t. To disrobe ; to strip of raiment. DIS-AP-PeAR', V.i. l.To vanish from the sight; to re- cede from the view ; to become invisible. 2. To cease. 3. To withdraw from observation. DIS-AP-PEAr»,'ANCE, n. Cessation of appearance; are moval from sight. DIS-AP-PeAR'ING, 2^r. Vanishing; receding from the sight ; becoming invisible. DIS-AP-PeAR'ING, n. A vanishing or removal from sight. DIS-AP-POINT', V. t. 1. To defeat of expectation, wish, hope, desire or intention ; to frustrate ; to balk ; to hinder from the possession or enjoyment of that which was in- tended, desired, hoped or expected. 2. To frustrate ; to prevent an effect intended. DIS-AP-POINT'ED, 7?p. Defeated of expectation, hope, de- sire or design ; frustrated. DIS-AP-POINT'ING, ppr. Defeating of expectation, hope, desire or purpose ; frustrating. DIS-AP-POINT'MENT, n. Defeat or failure of expectation, hope, wish, desire or intention ; miscarriage of design or plan. DI3-AP-PRe'CIATE, v. t. To undervalue ; not to esteem. DIS-AP-PRO-Ba'TION, 71. A disapproving ; dislike ; the act of the mind which condemns what is supposed to be wrong. DIS-AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing disapprobation; tending to disapprove. DIS-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Not appropriated, or not having appropriated, DIS-AP-PRoTRI-ATE, v.t. 1, To sever or separate, as an appropriation ; to withdraw from an appropprite use. 2. To deprive of appropriated property, as a church. DIS-AP-PRoV'AL, n. Disapprobation ; dislike. DIS-AP-PROVE', v.t. [Fr. desa,pprouver.] l.To dislike; to condemn in opinion or judgment ; to censure as wrong. 2. To manifest dislike or disapprobation ; to reject, aa disliked, what is proposed for sanction. DIS-AP-PROV'ED, (dis-ap-proovd')f!p. Disliked ; condemn- ed ; rejected, DIS-AP-PR5V'ING, ppr. Disliking ; condemning ; rejecting from dislike. t DIS'ARD, n. [Sax. dysig.] A prattler ; a boasting talker. DIS-ARM', V. t. [Fr. desarmer.] 1. To deprive of arms ; to take the arms or weapons from, usually by force or au- thority. 2. To deprive of means of attack or defense 3. To deprive of force, strength, or means of annoyance ; to render harmless ; to quell, 4. To strip ; to divest of any thing injurious or threatening. DI.S-ARM'ED, (diz-armd' ) pp. Deprived of arms ; stripped of the means of defence or annoyance ; rendered harm- less ; subdued, DTS-ARM'ER, 71. One who deprives of arms. DIS-ARM'ING, -ppr. Stripping of arms or weapons ; subdu- ing ; rendering harmless. DIS-AR-RaNGE', v. t. To put out of order; to unsettle or disturb the order or due arrangement of parts. [See De- range,] Warton. DIS-AR-RaNGE'MENT, n. The act of disturbing order or method ; disorder. Baxter. DIS-AR-RaY', v.t. l.To undress; to divest of clothes. Spenser. 2. To throw into disorder ; to rout, as troops. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. + Obsolete DIS 252 DIS DIS-AR-RaY', m. 1. Disorder; confusion; loss or want of array i>r regular order. 2. Undress. DIS-AR-RaY'ED, (dis-ar-rade') pp. Divested of clothes or array ; disordered. DIS-AR-RAY'ING,;7pr. Divesting of dothes ; throwing into disorder. fDIS-AS-SI-DC'I-TY, n. Want of assiduity or care. DES-AS-So'CIATE, V. «. To disunite; to disconnect things DIS-AS'TER, n. [Fr, desastre.] 1. A blast or stroke of an unfavorable planet ; [065.] Shak. 2. Misfortune ; mishap; calamity ; any unfortunate event, especially a sudden misfortune. DIS-AS'TER, V. t. To blast by the stroke of an unlucky planet; also, to injure, to afflict. Shak. DIS-AS'TERED, pp. iilasted ; injured ; afflicted. DIS-aSTROUS, a. 1. Unlucky; unfortunate ; calamitous; occasioning loss or injury. 2. Gloomy ; dismal ; threat- ening disaster. DIS-AS'TRUU3-LY, adv. Unfortunately ; in a dismal man- ner. DIS-AS'TROUS-NESS, n. Unfortunateness ; calamitous- ness. DIS-AU'THOR-iZE, v.t. To deprive of credit or authori- ty.' [iit«ZeM5e(^.] Wottoji. DIS-A- VOUCH', V. t. To retract profession ; to deny ; to disown. [Little used.] Davies. DIS-A-VO W', ®. t. 1. To deny; to disown; to deny to be true, as a fact or charge respecting one's self. 2. To deny ; to disown ; to reject. 3. To dissent from ; not to admit as true or justifiable ; not to vindicate. DIS-A- VOW AL, n. 1. Denial ; a disowning. 2. Rejec- tion ; a declining to vindicate. DIS-A- VOWED, (dis-a-vowd') pp. Denied ; disowned. DIS-A-VO WING , ppr. Denying; disowning; rejecting as somethiag not to be maintained or vindicated. DIS-A-VOWMENT, n. Denial; a disowning. Wottmi. DIS-BAND', V. t. 1. To dismiss from military service ; to break up a band or body of men enlisted. 2. To scatter ; to disperse. DIS-BAND', V. i. 1 To retire from military service ; to separate ; to break up. 2. To separate ; to dissolve con- nection. Tillotson. 3. To be dissolved ; \not tised.] Her- bert. DIS-BAND'ED, pp. Dismissed from military service ; sep- arated. DIS-BAND'ING, ppr. Dismissing from military service ; separating ; dissolving connection. DIS-BARK', V. t. [Fr. debarquer. We now use debark and disembarkJ To land from a ship ; to put on shore. Pope. DIS-BE-LIeF', n. Refusal of credit or faith : denial of be- lief. Tillotson. DIS-BE-LIeVE', v. t. Not to believe ; to hold not to be true or not to exist ; to refuse to credit. DIS-BE-LIeV'ED, (dis-be-leevd') pp. Not believed ; dis- credited. _ DIS-BE-LIeV'ER, n. One who refuses belief; one who de- nies to betrue or real. Watts. DIS-BE-LIeV'ING, ppr. Withholding belief; discrediting. DIS-BENCH', v. t. To drive from a bench or seat. Shak. IDIS-BLaME', ■?;. t. To clear from blame. Chaucer. DIS-BOD'IED, a. Disembodied, which is the icord now used. DIS-BOWEL, v. t. To take out the intestines. DIS-BRANCH', v. t. 1. To cut off or separate, as the branch of a tree. 2. To deprive of branches. Evelyn. DIS-BUD', V. t. To deprive of buds or shoots. DIS-BURD'EN, v. t. 1. To remove a burden from; to un- load ; to discharge. 2. To throw off a burden ; to disen- cumber ; to clear of any thing weighty, troublesome or cumbersome. DIS-BURD'EN, v. i. To ease the mind ; to be relieved. DIS-BURD'ENED, pp. Eased of a burden ; unloaded ; dis- encumbered. DIS-BURD'EN-ING, ppr. Unloading ; discharging ; throw- ing off a burden ; disencumbering. DIS-BURSE', (dis-burs') v. t. [Fr. debourscr.] To pay out, as money ; to spend or lay out ; primarily, to pay money from a public chest or treasury, but applicable to a private purse. DIS-BURS'ED, (dis-bursf) pp. Paid out ; expended. DIS-BUR.«E'MENT, n. [Fr. deboursement.] 1. The act of paying out ; as money from a public or private chest. 2. The money or sum paid out. DIS-BURS'ER, 71. One who pays out or disburses money. DIS-BURS'ING, ppr Paying out or expending. DlSe, n. [L, discus.] The face or breadth of the sun or moon ; also, the width of the aperture of a telescope glass. DIS-OAL'CE-ATE, v. t. [L. discalceatus.] To pull off the shoes or sandals. DIS-€AL'CE-A-TED, pp. Stripped of shoes. DIS-€AL-CE-A TION, n. The act of pulling off the shoes or sandals. Brown. DIS-€AN'DY, V. i. [dis and candy.] To melt ; to dissolve. Shak. DIS-€ARD', V. t. [Sp. descartar.] 1. To throw out of tl» hand such cards as are useless. 2. To dismiss from ser- vice or employment, or from society ; to cast off. 3. To thrust away ; to reject. DIS-€ARD'ED, pp. Thrown out ; dismissed from service , rejected. DIS-€ARD'ING, ppr. Throwing out ; dismissing from em- ployment; rejecting. t DIS-CARD'URE, 71. Dismissal. Hayter DIS-€ARN'ATE, a. [dis, and L. care] Stripped of flesh DIS-€aSE', v. t. [dis and case.] To take off a covering from ; to strip ; to undress. Shak. t DIS-CEP-Ta'TION, n. Controversy ; disputation. Fox. tDIS-CEP-TA'TOR, n. [L.] One who arbitrates or decides. DIS-CERN', (diz-zern') v. t. [L. discerno.] 1. To separate by the eye, or by the understanding. 2t To distinguish ; to see the diflerence between two or more things ; to dis- cruninate. 3. To make the difference ; [obs.] 4. To discover ; to see ; ot distinguish by the eye. 5. To dis- cover by the intellect ; to distinguish ; hence, to have knowledge of; to judge. DIS-CERN', (diz-zern'i v. u 1. To see or understand the difference ; to make aistinction. 2. To have judicial cog- nizance; [obs.] DIS-CERN'ED, (diz-zernd') pp. Distinguished; seen; dis covered. DIS-CERN'ER, (diz-zern'er) n. 1. One who sees, discovers or distinguishes ; an observer. 2. One who knows and judges ; one who has the power of distinguishing. 3. That which distinguishes ; or that which causes to understand. DIS-CERN'I-BLE, (diz-zern'e-bl) a. That may be seen dis- tinctly ; discoverable by the eye or the understanding ; distinguishable. DIS-CERN'I-BLE-NESS, (diz-zern'e-bl-nes) n. Visibleness. DIS-CERN'I-BLY, (diz-zern'e-ble) adv. In a manner to be discerned, seen or discovered ; visibly. Hammond. DIS-CERN'ING, (diz-zern'ing) pp7-. 1. Distinguishing ; see- ing ; discovering ; knowing ; judging. 2. a. Having power to discern ; capable of seeing, discriminating, knowing and judging ; sharp-sighted ; penetrating ; acute. DIS-CERN'ING, (diz-zern'ing) n. The act of discernuig ; discernment. DIS-CERN'ING-LY, (diz-zem'ing-ly) adv. With discern- ment ; acutely; with judgment; skilfully. Garth. DIS-CERN'MENT, (diz-zern ment) n. The act of discern- ing ; also, the power or faculty of the mind, by which it distinguishes one thing from another, as truth from false- hood, virtue from vice ; acuteness of judgment ; power of perceiving differences of things or ideas. f DIS-CERP', V. t. [L. discerpo.] To tear in pieces ; to sep- arate. DIS-CERP-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability or liableness to be torn asunder or disunited. f DIS-CERP'I-BLE, a. [L. discerpo. In some dictionaries it is written discerptible.] That may be torn asunder; separable ; capable of being disunited by violence. DIS-CERP'TION, n. The act of pulling to pieces, or of sep- arating the parts. t DIS-CES'SION, n. [L. discessio.] Departure. DIS-CHAR6E', V. t. [Fr. decharger.] 1. To unload, as a ship ; to take out, as a cargo. 2. To free from any load or burden ; to throw off or exonerate. 3. To throw off a load or charge ; to let fly ; to shoot. 4. To pay. 5. To send away, as a creditor by payment of what is due to him. 6. To free from claim or demand; to give an ac- quittance to, or a receipt in full, as to a debtor. 7. To free from an obligation. 8. To clear from an accusation or crime ; to acquit ; to absolve ; to set free ; with of. 9. To throw off or out ; to let fly ; to give vent to. 10. To perform or execute, as a duty or office considered as a charge. 11. To divest of an office or employment; to dismiss from service. 12. To dismiss ; to release ; to send away from any business or appointment. 13. To emit or send out. 14. To release ; to liberate from confinement. 15. To put away ; to remove ; to clear from ; to destroy ; to throw off; to free. DIS-CHARGE', V. i. To break up DIS-CHAR6E', n. 1. An unloading, as of a ship. 2. A throwing out ; vent ; emission ; a flowing or issuing out, or a throwing out. 3. That which is thrown out ; matter emitted. 4. Dismission from office or service ; or the writing which evidences the dismission. 5. Release from obligation, debt or penalty ; or the writing which is evi- dence of it ; an acquittance. 6. Absolution from a crime or accusation ; acquittance. 7. Ransom ; liberation ; price paid for deliverance. Milton. 8. Performance ; execu- tion. 9. Liberation ; release from imprisonment or other confinement. 10. Exemption ; escape. 11. Payment, as of a debt. DIS-CHARG'ED, (dis-charjd')p;?. Unloaded; let 6ft"; shot, thrown out ; dismissed from service ; paid ; released ; ac- quitted ; freed from debt or penalty ; liberated ; perform- ed; executed. DIS-CHARG'ER, n. 1. He that discharges in any mannei * See Synopsis. R, E, I, t, Y, long.—FkB,, FALL, WH.A.T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete DIS S53 DIS 2. One who fires a gun. 3. In electricity, an instrument for discharging a Leyden phial, jar, &c., by opening a communication between the two surfaces. DIS-CHAR(j'ING, ppr. Unlading ; letting fly ; shooting ; throwing out ; emitting ; dismissing from service ; paying ; releasing from debt, obligation or claim ; acquitting ; lib- erating ; performing ; executing. DIS-CHURCH', V. t. To deprive of the rank of a church. t DIS-CTDE', V. t. To divide ; to cut in pieces. DIS-CINCT', a. Ungirded. f DIS^IND', V. t. To cut in two. Boyle. DIS-Cl'PLE, n. [L. discipulus.] 1. A learner; a scholar ; one who receives or professes to receive instruction from another. 2. A follower ; an adherent to the doctrines of another. DIS-C'I'PLE, V. t. 1. To teach ; to train or bring up. 2. To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or princi- ples._ 3. To punish ; to discipline ; [not in use.] Spenser. DIS-Cl'PLED, pp. Taught ; trained ; brought up ; made a disciple. DIS-Cl'PLE-LIKE, a. Becoming a disciple. Milton. 3)IS-Ci'PTiE-SHIP, n. The state of a disciple or follower in doctrines and precepts. Hammond. DIS-CI-PLIN'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of instruction and im- provement in learning. 2. That may be subjected to dis- cipline. 3. Subject or liable to discipline, as the member of a church. DIS-CI-PLIN'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Capacity of receiving instruction by education. Hale. 2. The state of being subject to discipline. DIS'CI-PLI-NANT, n. One of areligious order, so called from their practice of scourging themselves, or other rigid disci- pline. DIS-CI-PLI-Na'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to discipline. DIS-CI-PLI-Na'RI-AN, m. 1. One who disciplines; one versed in rules, principles and practice, and who teaches them with precision ; particularly, one who instructs in military and naval tactics and manceiivres. 2. A Puritan or Presbyterian ; so called from his rigid adherence to re- ligious discipline. Sanderson. DIS'CI-PLI-NA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to discipline ; intend- ed for discipline or government ; promoting discipline. 2. Relating to a regular course of education ; intended for in- struction. DIS'CI-PLlNE, n. \li. disciplina.'] 1. Education; instruc- tion ; cultivation and improvement, comprehending in- struction in arts, sciences, correct sentiments, morals and manners, and due subordination to authority. 2. Instruc- tion and government, comprehending the communication of knowledge and the regulation of practice. 3. Rule of government ; method of regulating principles and prac- tice. 4. Subjection to laws, rules, order, precepts or regulations. 5. Correction ; chastisement ; punishment ''ntended to correct crimes or errors. — 6. In ecclesiastical affairs, the execution of the laws by which the church is governed. 7. Chastisement or bodily punishment inflict- ed on a delinquent in the Romish church. DIS'CI-PLlNE, V. t. 1. To instruct or educate ; to inform the mind ; to prepare by instructing in correct principles and habits. 2. To instruct and govern ; to teach rules and practice, and accustom to order and subordination. 3. To correct ; to chastise ; to punish. 4. To execute the laws of the church on offenders, with a view to bring them to repentance and reformation of life. 5. To ad- vance and prepare by instruction. DIS'CI-PLINED, pp. Instructed ; educated ; subjected to rules and regulations ; corrected ; chastised ; punished ; admonished. IS'CI-PLIN-ING, ppr. Instructing ; educating ; subjecting to order and subordination ; correcting ; chastising ; ad- monishing ; punishing. DIS-€LaIM', v. t. 1. To disown ; to disavow ; to deny the possession of; to reject as not belonging to one's self. 2. To renounce ; to reject ; as, to disclaim the authority of the pope. 3. To deny all claim. DIS-CLAIM', V. i. To disavow all part or share. t DIS-€LAIM-A'TION, n. The act of disclaimhig ; a disa- vowing. Scott. DIS-CLaIM'ED, (dis-klamd') pp. Disowned ; disavowed ; rejected ; denied. DIS-€LaIM'ER, n. I. A person who disclaims, disowns or renounces. — 2. In law, an express or implied denial, by a tenant, that he holds an estate of his lord ; a denial of tenure, by plea or otherwise. Blackstone. I)TS-€LaIM'ING, ppr. Disowning; disavowmg; denying; 1 enouncing. DIS-€LoSE', V. t. 1. To uncover ; to open ; to remove a cover from and lay open to the view. 2. To discover ; to lay open to the view ; to bring to light. 3. To reveal by words ; to tell ; to utter. 4. To make known ; to show in anymanner. 5. To open ; to hatch ; [not used.] DIS-CLoSE', n. Discovery. Younff. DIS-€LoS'ED, (dis-kl6zd') pp. Uncovered ; opened, to view ; made known ; revealed ; told ; uttered. DIS-€LoS'ER, n. One who discloses or Ireveals. DIS-€LoS'lNG, ppr. Uncovering ; openmg to view ; re- vealing ; making known ; telling. DIS-€LoS'URE, (dis-kloizhur) n. 1. The act of disclosing ; an uncovering and opening to view ; discovery. 2. The act of revealing; utterance of what was secret; a telling. 3. The act of making known what was concealed. 4. That vyhich is disclosed or njade known. DIS-€LU'SION, (dis-klu'zhun) n. [L. disclusus.] An emis- sion ; a throwing out. [Little used.] More. t DIS-€oAST', V. i. To depart from ; to quit the coast, DIS-€0-He'RENT, a. Incoherent. DISCOID, n. [discus, and Gr. eiSos.] Something in form of a discus or disk. DIS'COID, ) a. Having the form of a disk. — Discoid or DIS-€OID'AL, ) discous flowers are compound flowers, not radiated, but the florets all fabulai-, as the tansy, southern-wood, &c. DIS-eoL'OR, V. t. [L. discoloro.] 1. To alter the natural hue or color of; to stain ; to tinge. 2. To change any color, natural or artificial; to alter a color partially. 3. Figuratively, to alter the complexion ; to change the ap- pearance. DIS-€6L-0R-A'TI0N, n. 1. The act of altering the color ; a staining. 2. Alteration of color ; stain. 3. Alteration of complexion or appearance. DIS-€6L'0RED, pp. 1. Altered in color; stained. 2. a. Variegated ; being of divers colors. Spenser. DIS-€oL'OR-ING, ppr. Alteiing the color or hue ; staining ; changing the complexion. DIS-€6M'FIT, V. t. [Fr. deconfire, deconfit.] To rout ; to defeat; to scatter in fight; to cause to flee; to vanquish. DIS-CoM'FIT, n. Rout ; dispersion ; defeat ; overthrow DIS-€6M'FIT-ED, pp. Routed ; defeated ; overthrown. DIS-€6M'FIT-ING, ppr. Routing; defeating. DIS-€oM'PIT-URE, n. 1. Rout; defeat in battle ; disper- sion ; overthrow. 2. Defeat ; frustration ; disappoint- ment. DIS-€oM'FORT, n. Uneasiness; disturbance of peace; pain ; grief; inquietude. South. DIS-€oM'FORT, v. t. To disturb peace or happiness ; to make uneasy ; to pain ; to grieve ; to sadden ; to deject. DIS-€oM'FORT-A-BLE, a. 1. Causing uneasiness ; un- pleasant ; giving pain ; making sad ; [little used.] 2. Un- easy ; melancholy ; refusing comfort ; [not used, l Shak. t DIS-€6M'rORT-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being discom- DIS-€oMTORT-ED, pp. Made uneasy ; disturbed ; pain ed ; grieved. DIS-€0M'FORT-ING, ppr. Disturbing peace and happi- ness ; making uneasy ; grieving. DIS-€OM-MEND', v. t. [dis and commend.] To blame ; to censure ; to mention with disapprobation. DIS-€OM-MEND'A-BLE, a. Blamable ; censurable; de serving disapprobation. Ayliffe. DIS-€OM-MEND'A-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; the quality of being worthy of disapprobation. DIS-€OM-MEN-Da'TION, n. Blame ; censure. DIS-€OM-MEND'ER, n. One who discommends. DIS-COM-MEND'ING, ppr. Blaming ; censuring. t DIS-eOM'MO-DATE, v. t. To molest. Sir H. Wotton. DIS-€OM-MoDE', v. t. [dis, and Fr. commode.] To put to inconvenience ; to incommode , to molest ; to trouble. DIS-€OM-MoDED, pp. Put to inconvenience; molested; incommode^. DIS-€OM-MoD'ING, ppr. Putting to inconvenience ; giv- ing trouble to. DIS-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. Inconvenient ; troublesome Spenser. DIS-eOM-MOD'I-TY, n. Inconvenience; trouble; hurt; disadvantage. Bacon. DIS-€OM'MON, V. t. 1. To appropriate common land ; to separate and inclose common. Cowel. 2. To deprive of the privileges of a place. t DIS-€OM-PLEX'ION, v. t. To change the complexion or color. Beaumont. DIS-COM-PoSE', V. t. I. To unsettle ; to disorder ; to dis- turb. 2. To disturb peace and quietness ; to agitate ; to ruffle. Swift. 3. To displace ; to discard ; [not in use ] Bacon. DIS-€OM-PoS'ED, (dis-kom-pozd ) pp. Unsettled ; disor- dered ; ruffled ; agitated ; disturbed. DIS-€OM-Poffi'ING, ppr. Unsettling; putting out of order ; ruffling ; agitating ; disturbing tranquillity. f DIS-€OM-PO-SI"TION, n. Inconsistency. DIS-€OM-PoS'URE, (dis-kom-po'zhur) n. Disorder ; agita- tion ; disturbance ; perturbation. DIS-CON-CERT', v. t. [dis and concert.] 1. To break or interrupt any order, plan or harmonious scheme : to de- feat ; to frustrate, 2. To unsettle the mind ; to discom- pose ; to disturb ; to confuse. DIS-eON-CERT'ED, pp. Broken ; interrupted ; disordered ; defeated ; unsettled ; discomposed ; confused. * See SyTiopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K } 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete. DIS 254 DIS DIS-€0N-CERT1NG^ ppr. Disordering j defeating; dis- composing ; disturbing. DIS-eON-CER'TION, n. The act of disconcerting. Ham- ilton. DIS-€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. Want of agreement or conform- ity; inconsistency. Hakewill. DIS-€ON-GRu'I-TY, n. Want of congruity; incongruity; disagreement; inconsistency. Hale. DIS-€ON-NEeT', v. t. [dis and connect.] To separate ; to disunite ; to dissolve connection. Burke. DIS-eON-NECT'ED, pp. Separated ; disunited. DIS-eON-i-^EeT'ING, ppr. Separating ; disuniting. DIS-€ON-NE€'TION, n. The act of separating, or state of being disunited ; separation; want of union. Burke. DIS-€ON-SENT', v. i. [dis and consent.] To differ; to dis- agree ; not to consent. Milton. t DJS-€ON'SO-LAN-CY, n. Disconsolateness. DIS-€ON'SO-LATE, a. {dis, and L. consolatus.] I. Des- titute of comfort or consolation ; sorrowful ; hopeless, or not expecting comfort ; sad ; dejected ; melancholy. 2. Not affording comfort ; cheerless. DIS-eON'SO-LATE-LY, adv. In a disconsolate manner; without cf>mfort. DIS-€ON'SO-LATE-NESS, n. The state of being discon- solate or comfortless. DIS-€ON-SO-La'TION, m. Want of comfort. Jackson. DIS-eON-TENT', n. Want of content ; uneasiness or in- quietude of mind; dissatisfaction. DIS-€ON-TENT', a. Uneasy ; dissatisfied. Hayward. DIS-€ON-TENT', v. t. To make uneasy at the present state ; to dissatisfy. DIS-€ON-TENT'ED, pp. or a. Uneasy in mind ; dissatis- fied ; unquiet. DIS-€ON-TENT'ED-LY, adv. In a discontented manner or mood. DIS-€ON-TENT'ED-NESS, n. Uneasiness of mind; in- quietude ; dissatisfaction. Addison. DIS-eON-TENT'ING, a. Giving uneasiness. DIS-€ON-TENT'MENT, n. The state of being uneasy in mind ; uneasiness ; inquietude ; discontent. DIS-€ON-TIN'U-ANCE, n. 1. Want of continuance; cessation; intermission; interruption of continuance. 2. Want of continued connection or cohesion of parts ; want of union; disruption. — 3. In law, a breaking off or inter- ruption of possession. — 4. Discontinuance of a suit is when a plaintiff leaves a chasm in the proceedings in his cause, as by not continuing the process regularly from day to day. DIS-€ON-TIN-U-A'TION, n. Breach or interruption of continuity; disruption of parts; separation of parts. DIS-eON-TIN UE, V. t. 1. To leave off; to cause to cease, as a practice or habit ; to stop ; to put an end to. 2. To break off; to interrupt. 3. To cease to take or receive. DIS-€ON-TIN'UE, v. i. 1. To cease ; to leave the posses- sion, or lose an established or long-enjoyed right. 2. To lose the cohesion of parts ; to suffer disruption or separa- tion of substance ; [little used.] DIS-€ON-TIN'UED, pp. Left off; interrupted ; broken off. DIS-eON-TIN'U-ER, n. One who discontinues a rule or practice. DIS-€ON-TIN'U-ING, ppr. Ceasing ; mterrupting ; break- ing off. DIS-€ON-TI-Nu'I-TY, n. Disunion of parts ; want of cohe- sion. J^ewton. DIS-eON-TIN'U-OUn, a. i. Broken off; interrupted. 2. Separated i_ wide ; gaping. Milton. IHS-€ON-VeN'IENCE, 71. Incongruity ; disagreement. [Little used.] Bramhall. DIS-€0N-VeN'1ENT, a. Incongruous. Reynolds. DIS'CORD, n. [L. discordia.] 1. Disagreement among persons or things. Between persons, difference of opin- ions ; variance ; opposition ; contention ; strife ; any dis- agreement which produces angry passions, contest, dis- putes, litigation or war. 2. Disagreement ; want of order ; a clashing.— 3. In music, disagreement of sounds ; disso- nance ; a union of sounds which is inharmonious, grating and disagreeable to the ear. fDIS-CORD', v.i. To disagree; to jar; to clash; not to suit ; not to be coincident. Bacon. DIS-€0RD'ANCE, ) n. [L. discordant.] Disagreement ; op- DTS-€ORD'AN-CY, \ position ; inconsistency. DLS-€ORD'ANT, a. [L. discordaus.] 1. Disagreeing; in- congruous ; contradictory ; being at variance. 2. Oppo- site ; contrarious ; not coincident. 3. Dissonant ; not in unison ; not harmonious ; not accordant ; harsh ; jarring. DIS-€ORD'ANT-LY, adv. Dissonantly ; in a discordant manner ; inconsistently ; in a manner to jar or clash ; in disagreement with another, or with itself. DIS-€ORD'FUL, a. Ciuarrelsome ; contentious. tDIS-€OUN'SEL, 17, t. To dissuade. Spenser. DIS'€OUNT, 71. [Fr. deconte, or decompte.] I. A sum de- ducted for prompt or advanced payment ; an allowance or deduction from a sum due, or from a credit ; a certain rate per cent, deducted from the credit pjice of goods sold, or. account of prompt payment ; or any deduction from the customary price, or from a sum due, or to be due, at a fu- ture time. — 2. Among bankers, the deduction of a sum for advanced payment; particularly, the deduction of the in- terest on a sum lent, at the time of lending. 3. The sum deducted or refunded. 4. The act of discounting. *DIS'€OUNT, orDIS-eOUNT', r. f. [Sp. desco7itar.] 1. To deduct a certain sum or rate per cent, from the princi- pal sum. 2. To lend or advance the amount of, deduct- ing the interest or other rate per cent, firom the principal, at the time of the loan or advance. * DIS'€OUNT, V. i. To lend or make a practice of lending money, deducting the interest at the time of the loan. Dl!3-€0UNT'A-BLE, a. That may be discounted. DIS'€OUNT-DAY, n. The day of the week on which a bank discounts notes and bills. * DIS'€OUNT-ED, pp. 1. Deducted from a principal sum paid back ; refunded or allowed. 2. Having the amount lent on discount or deduction of a sum in advance. DIS-€OUxV'TE-NANCE, v. t. [dis and countenance.] 1. To abash ; to discompose the countenance ; to put to shame ; [not v^ed.] Milton. 2. To discourage ; to check ; to re- strain by irovvTis, censure, arguments, opposition or cold treatment. DIS-€OUN'TE-NAJfCE, n. Cold treatment ; unfavorable aspect ; unfriendly regard ; disapprobation ; whatever tends to check or discourage. DIS-€OUN'TE-NANCED, pp. Abashed ; discouraged , checked ; frowned on. DIS-eOUN'TE-NAN-CER, n. One who discourages by cold treatment, frowns, censure or expression of disap- probation ; one who checks or depresses by unfriendly re- gards. DIS-€OUN'TE-NAN-CING, ppr. Abashing ; discouraging; checking by disapprobation or unfriendly regards. * DIS'€OUNT-ER, n. One who advances money on dis- counts. Burke. * DIS'€OUNT-ING, ppr. 1. Deducting a sum for prompt or advanced payment. 2. Lending on discount. DIS'COUNT-ING, n. The act or practice of lending money on discounts. Hamilton. DIS-€oUR'A6E, (dis-kur'aje) v. t. [dis and courage ; Fr. decourager.] 1. To extinguish the courage of; to dis- hearten ; to depress the spirits ; to deject ; to deprive of confidence. 2. To deter from any thing ; with from. 3. To attempt to repress or prevent ;" to dissuade from. DIS-€6UR'AGED, (dis-kur'ajd) pp. Disheartened ; depriv- ed of courage or confidence ; depressed in spirits ; deject- cd ' cli6ckG(i DIS-€oUR'A6E-MENT, (dis-kur'aje-ment) n. 1. The act of disheartening, or depriving of courage ; the act of de- terring or dissuading from an undertaking ; the act of depressing confidence. 2. That which destroys or abates courage ; that which depresses confidence or hope ; that which deters or tends to deter from an undertaking, or from the prosecution of any thing. DIS-€6UR'A-6ER, (dis-kur'a-jer) n. One who discom-ages ; one who disheartens, or depresses the courage ; one who impresses diffidence or fear of success ; one who dissuades from an undertaking. DIS-C6UR'A-6ING, (dis-kur'a-jing) ppr. 1. Dishearten- ing ; depressing courage. 2. a. Tending to dishearten, or to depress the courage. DIS-€oURSE', (dis-kors') n. [Fr. discours ; L. disciirsus.] 1. The act of the understanding^ by which it passes from premises to consequences. 2. Literally, a running over a subject in speech ; hence, a communication of thoughts by words, either to individuals, to companies, or to pub- lic assemblies. 3. Effusion of language ; speech. 4. A written treatise ; a formal dissertation. 5. A sermon, ut- tered or written. DIS-€oURSE', V. i. 1. To talk ; to converse ; but it ex- presses rather more formality than talk. 2. To communi- cate thoughts or ideas in a formal manner ; to treat upon in a solemn, set manner. 3. To reason ; to pass from premises to consequences. t DIS-€oURSE', V. t. To treat of; to talk over, to discuss. DIS-CoURS'ER, n. I. One who discourses ; a speaker ; a haranguer. 2. The writer of a treatise. DIS-€5URS'ING, ppr. Talking ; conversing ; preaching ; discussing ; treating at some length or in a formal man- ner. DIS-€oUR'SIVE, a. I. Reasoning ; passing from premises to consequences. J\Rlton. 2. Containing dialogue or con- versation : interlocutorj'. Dryden. *DIS-€oUR'TE-OUS, (dis-kor'te-us) [See CotrRXEous.] a. Uncivil ; rude ; uncomplaisant ; wanting in good manners *DIS-€OUR'TE-OUS-LY, (dis-kor'te-us-ly) adv. In a rude or uncivil manner ; with incivility. DIS-€OUR'TE-SY, (dis-kor'te-sy) n. [dis and couHesy.] In- civility ; rudeness of behavior or language ; ill manners act of disrespect. fDIS-CoURT'SHIPjW. Want of respect. JB.JoTwon. ♦ See Synoysi3. A, E, I, 5, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. DIS 255 DIS DISe'OUS, a. [L. discus.] Broad ; flat ; wide ; used of the middle plain and flat part of some flowers. DIS-€6V'ER, V. t. [Fr. decouvrirA 1. Literally, to uncov- er ; to remove a covering. 2. To lay open to the view ; to disclose ; to show ; to make visible ; to expose to view something before unseen or concealed. 3. To reveal ; to make known. 4. To espy ; to have the first sight of. 5. To find out ; to obtain the first knowledge of; to come to the knowledge of something sought or before unknown. 6. To detect. DIS-€oV'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be discovered ; that may be brought to light, or exposed to view. 2. That may be seen, 3. That may be found out, or made known. 4. Apparent ; visible ; exposed to view. DIS-€oV'ERED, pp. Uncovered ; disclosed to view ; laid open ; revealed ; espied or first seen ; found out ; de- DIS-€oV'ER-ER, m. 1. One who discovers ; one who first sees or espies ; one who finds out, or first comes to the knowledge of something. 2. A scout ; an explorer. DIS-€oV'ER-ING, ppr. Uncovering ; disclosing to view ; laying open ; revealing ; making known ; espying ; find- ing out ; detecting. DIS-€OV'ER-TURE, n. [Fr. decmivert.] A state of being released from coverture ; freedom of a woman from the coverture of a husband. DIS-€6V'ER-Y, n. 1. The action of disclosing to view, or bringing to light. 2. Disclosure ; a making known. 3. The action of finding something hidden. 4. The act of finding out, or coming to the knowledge of. 5. The act of espying ; first sight of. 6. That which is discovered, found out or revealed ; that which is first brought to light, seen or known. — 7. In dramatic poetry, the uriraveling of a plot, or the manner of unfolding the plot, or fable, of a comedy or tragedy. DIS-€RED'IT, n. [Fr. discredit.] 1. Want of credit or good reputation ; some degree of disgrace or reproach ; disesteem. 2. Want of belief, trust or confidence ; dis- belief. DIS-€RED'IT, V. t. [Fr. decrediter.] 1. To disbelieve ; to give no credit to ; not to credit or believe. 2. To deprive of creuit or good reputation ; to make less reputable or honorable ; to bring into disesteem ; to bring into some degree of disgrace, or into disrepute. 3. To deprive of credibility. DIS-€RED'IT-A-BLE, a. Tending to injure credit : inju- rious to reputation ; disgraceful ; disreputable. DIS-CRED'IT-ED, pp. Disbelieved ; brought into disrepute ; disgraced. DIS-€RED'IT-ING, ppr. Disbelieving ; not tnisting to ; de- priving of credit ; disgracing. DIS-€REET', a. [Fr. discrei.] Prudent; wise in avoiding errors or evil, and in selectmg the best means to accom- plish a purpose ; circumspect ; cautious ; wary ; not rash. DIS-€REET'IiY, adv. Prudently ; circumspectly ; cau- tiously ; with nice judgment of what is best to be done or omitted. DIS-€REET'NESS, m. The quality of being discreet ; dis- cretion. *DIS-€REP'ANCE, ) n. [L. discrepantia.] Difference ; dis- * DIS-€REP'AN-C Y, \ agreement ; contrariety, Faher. * DIS-€REP'ANT, a. Difierent; disagreeing; contrary. DIS-CReTE', a. [1,. discretus.1 1. Separate; distinct ; dis- junct. — Discrete proportion is when the ratio of two or more pairs of numbers or quantities is the same, but there is not the same proportion between all the numbers ; as, 3 : 6 : : 8 : 16. Harris. 2. Disjunctive. t DTS-€ReTE', v. t. To separate ; to discontinue. DIS-€RE"TION, (dis-kresh'un) n. [Fr. discretion.] 1. Prudence, or knowledge and prudence ; that discern- ment which enables a person to judge critically of what is correct and proper, united with caution ; nice discern- ment and judgment, directed by circumspection, and pri- marily regarding one's own conduct. 2. Liberty or pow- er of acting without other control than one's own judg- ment. — To surrender at discretion, is to surrender without stipulation or terms. 3. Disjunction ; separation ; [not much used.] Mede. DIS-€RE"TION-A-RY, or DIS-€RE"TION-AL, a. Left to discretion; unrestrained except by discretion or judg- ment ; that is to be directed or managed by discretion only. DIS-€RE"TION-A-RI-LY, or DIS-€RE"TION-AL-LY, adv. At discretion ; according to discretion. DIS-€Re'TIVE, a. 1. Disjunctive ; noting separation or opposition. — In logic, a discretive proposition expresses some distinction, opposition or variety, by means of but, thoutrh, yet, &c.; as, travelers change tlieir climate, &M,t not their temper. — 2. In grammar, discretive distinctions are such as imply opposition or difference ; as, not a man, but a beast. 3. Separate ; distinct. * DIS-€Re'TIVE-LY, adv. In a discretive manner. DIS-€RIM'I-NA-BLE, a. That may be discriminated. DIS-CRIM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. dlscnmino.] 1. To distin- guish ; to observe the difference between. 2. To sepa- rate ; to. select from others ; to make a distinction be tween. 3. To mark with notes of difference ; todistin guish by some note or mark. DIS-€RIM'I-NATE, v. i. 1. To make a difference or dis- tinction. 2. To observe or note a diflTerence ; to distin- guish. DIS-€RIM'I-NATE, a. Distinguished; having the differ- ence marked. Bacon. DIS-€RIM'I-NA-TED, pp. Separated ; distinguished. DIS-€RIM'I-NATE-LY, adv. Distinctly ; with minute dis- tinction ; particularly. Johnson. DIS-€RIM'I-NATE-NESS, n. Distinctness; marked dif- ference. Diet. DIS-GRIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. 1. Separating; distinguish- ing ; marking with notes of difference. 2. a. Distinguish- ing ; peculiar ; characterized by peculiar differences. 3. a. That discriminates ; able to make nice distinctions. DIS-€RIM-I-Na'TION, n. 1 . The act of distinguishing ; the act of making or observing a difference ; distinction. 2. The state of being distinguished. 3, Mark of distinc- tion. DIS-€RIM'I-NA-T1VE, a. 1. That makes the mark of dis- tinction ; that constitutes the mark of difference ; charac- teristic. 2. That observes distinction. DIS-€RIM'I-NA-TiVE-LY, adv. With discrimination or distinction. Foster. t DIS-€RIM'I-NOUS, a. Hazardous. Harvey. t DIS-€RU'CIA-TING, a. Painful. Brown. I)IS-€u'BI-TO-RY, a. [L. discvMtorius.] Leaning ; inclin- ing ; or fitted to a leaning posture. Brown. DIS-€ULP'ATE, v. t. [Fr. disculper.] To free from blame or fault ; to exculpate ; to excuse. Ashton. DIS-€ULP'A-TED, pp. Cleared from blame ; exculpated. DIS-€ULP'A-TING, ppr. Freeing from blame ; excusing. DIS-€UM'BEN-CY, w. [1,. discumbens.] The act of leaning at meat, according to the manner of the ancients. DIS-€UM'BER, v. t. To unburden ; to throw off any thing cumbersome ; to disengage ; to disencumber. t DIS-€uRE', V. t. To discover ; to reveal. Spenser. t DIS-€UR'RENT, a. Not current, Sandys. DIS-€UR'SION, n. [L, discurro.] A running or rambling about. Bailey. t DIS-€URS'IST, n. A disputer. L. .Addison. DIS-eURS'IVE, a. [Sp. disciirsivo.] 1. Moving or roving about ; desultory. 2. Argumentative ; reasoning ; pro ceeding regularly from premises to consequences ; some times written discourdve. DIS-€URS'IVE-LY, adv. Argumentatively ; in the form of reasoning or argument. Hale. DIS-€URS'IVE-NESS, t?. Range or gradation of argument. DIS-€URS'0-RY, a. Argumental ; rational. Johnson. DIS€'US, n. [L.] 1. A quoit ; a piece of iron, copper or stone, to be thrown in play. 2. In botany, the middle plain part of a radiated compound flower, generally con- sisting of small florets. 3. The face or surface of the sun* or moon. DIS-€USS', v. t. [L. discutio, discu^sum.] 1. To disperse ; to scatter ; to dissolve ; to repel. 2. To debate ; to agi- tate by argument ; to clear of objections and difficulties, with a view to find or illustrate truth ; to sift ; to exam- ine by disputation ; to ventilate ; to reason on. 3. To break in pieces; [not used.} Brown. 4. To shake off; [not in use.] Spender. DIS-€USS'ED, (dis-kusf) pp. Dispersed ; dissipated ; debat- ed; agitated; argued. DIS-€USS'ER, n. One who discusses ; one who sifts or ex- amines. DIS-€USS'ING, ppr. Dispersing ; resolving ; scattering ; de- bating ; agitating ; examining by argument. DIS-GUSS'ING, n. Discussion ; examination. DIS-€US'SION, n. 1. In surgery, resolution ; the disper- sion of a tumor or any coagulated matter. Coxe. 2. De- bate ; disquisition ; the agitation of a point or subject with a view to elicit truth ; the treating of a subject by argu- ment. DIS-CUSS'IVE, a. Having the power to discuss, resolve or disperse tumors or coagulated matter. DIS-€USS'IVE, n. A medicine that discusses; a discu- tient. DIS-€u'TIENT, a. [L. discutiens.] Discussing; dispers- ing morbid matter. DIS-€!U'TIENT, n. A medicine or application which dis- perses a tumor or any coagulated fluid in the body- Coze. DIS-DaIN', v. t. [Fr. dedaigner.] To think unworthy ; to deem worthless ; to consider to be unworthy of notice, care, regard, esteem, or unworthy of one's character ; to scornj to contemn. DIS-DaIN', n. Contempt ; scorn ; a passion excited in no- ble minds, by the hatred or detestation of what is mean and dishonorable, and implying a consciousness of supe- riority of mind, or a supposed superiority. DIS-DaIN'ED, (diz-dand') pp. Despised , contemned ; scorned. Se« Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 aa J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. DIS 256 DIS DIS-DAIN'FUL, a. 1. Full of disdain. 2. Expressing dis- dain. 3. Contemptuous ; scornful ; haughty ; indignant. D1S-DaIN'FUL-LY, adv. Contemptuously j with scorn; in a haughty manner. South. DIS-DAIN'FUL-JNESS, n. Contempt; contemptuousness ; haughty scorn. Sidney. DIS-DaIN'INGj ppr. Contemning; scorning. DIS-DaIN'ING, n. Contempt ; scorn. DIS-DI-A-€LAS'TI€, a. An epithet given to a fine pellu- cid spar, called also Iceland crystal. DIS-DI-A-Pa'SON, I n. [See Diapason.] In music, a com- BIS-DI-A-Pa'SON, \ pound concord in the quadruple ra- tio of 4: lorS :2. DIS-eASE', (diz-eze') n. \dis and ease.'] 1. In its primary sense, pain, uneasiness, distress ; but in this sense obso- lete. Spenser. 2. The cause of pain or uneasiness ; dis- temper ; malady ; sickness ; disorder ; any state of a liv- ing body, in which the natural functions of the organs are interrupted or disturbed. 3. A disordered state of the mind or intellect, by which the reason is impau-ed.— 4. In society, vice ; corrupt state of morals. 5. Political or civil disorder, or vices in a state. DIS-EASE', (diz-eze') v. t. 1. To interrupt or impair any or all the natural and regular functions of the several or- gans of a living body ; to afflict with pain or sickness ; to make morbid ; used chiefly in the passive participle. 2. To interrupt, or render imperfect, the regular functions of the brain, or of the intellect : to disorder ; to derange. 3. To infect ; to communicate disease to, by contagion. 4. To j)ain : to make uneasy. DIS-eAS'ED, (diz-ezd') pp. or a. Disordered ; distemper- G(l ■ sick DIS-eAS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being diseased ; a morbid state ,• sickness. Burnet. DIS-eASE'FUL, a. 1. Abounding with disease ; produc- ing_diseases! 2. Occasioning uneasiness. DIS-eASE'MENT, n. Uneasiness ; inconvenience. Bacon. DIS-ED6'ED, (dis-edjd') a. Blunted ; made dull. Shak. DIS-EM-BARK', v. t. [Ft. desembarquer.] To land ; to de- bark ; to remove from on board a ship to the land ; to put on shore ; applied particularly to the landing of troops and military apparatus. DIS-EM-BARK', v. i. To land ; to debark ; to quit a ship for residence or action on shore. DIS-EM-BARK'ED, (dis-em-barkf) pp. Landed ; put on shore. DIS-EM-BARK ING, ppr. Landing ; removing from on board a ship to land. DIS-EM-BARK'MENT, n. The act of disembarking. DIfl-EM-BAR'RASS, v. t. To free from embarrassment or perplexity ; to clear ; to extricate. DIS-EM-BAR'RASSED, pp. Freed from embarrassment ; extricated from difiiculty. DtS-EM-BAR'RASS-ING, ppr. Freeing from" embarrass- ment or perplexity ; extricating. DIS-EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, K. The act of extricating from perplexity. DIS-EM-BaY', v. t. To clear from a bay. Sherburne. DIS-EM-BIT'TER, v. t. [dis and embitter.] To free from bitterness ; to clear from acrimony ; to render sweet or pleasant. Addison. DIS-EM-BOD'IED, a. 1. Divested of the body. 2. Sepa- rated ; discharged from keeping in a body. DIS-EM-BOD'Y, v.t. I. To divest of body ; to free from flesh. 2. To discharge from military array. DIS-EM-BoGUE', (dis-em-bog') v. t. [dis, and Fr. emboucher.] To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a stream ; to vent ; to discharge into the ocean or a lake. DiS-EM-BoGUE', v. i. 1. To flow out at the mouth, as a river ; to discharge waters into the ocean, or into a lake. 2. To pass out of a gulf or bay. DIS-EM-BoGUE'MENT, n. Discharge of waters into the ocean or a lake. Mease. DIS-EM-BoS'OM, V. t. To stparate from the bosom. DIS-EM-BOW'EL, v. t. To take out the bowels ; to take or draw from the bowels. DIS-EM-BOW'ELED, pp. Taken or drawn from the bow- DIS-EM-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Taking or drawing from the bowels. t DIS-EM-BR AN'GLE, v. t. To free from litigation. DIS-EM-BROIL', v. t. To disentangle ; to free from per- plexity ; to extricate from confusion. Dryden. DIS-EM-BROIL'ED, (dis-em-broild') pp. Disentangled; cleared from perplexity or confusion. DIS-EM-BROIL'ING, ppr. Disentangling; freeing from confusion. DIS-EN-A'BLE, v.t. "To deprive of power, natural or moral ; to disable ; to deprive of ability or means. DIS-EN-a'BLED, pp. Deprived of power, ability or means. DIS-EN-A'BLING, ppr. Depriving of power, ability or means. DIS-EN-CHANT', v. t. To free from enchantment ; to de- liver from the power of charms or spells. DIS-EN-CHANT'ED, pp. Delivered from enchantment, or the power of charms. DIS-EN-CHANT'ER, n. One who frees from the power of enchantment. Oayton. DIS-EN-CHANT'ING, ppr. Freeing from enchantment, or the influence of charms. DIS-EN-€UM'BER, v. t. 1. To free from encumbrance ; to deliver from clogs and impediments ; to disburden. 2. To free from any obstruction ; to free from any thing heavy or unnecessary. DIS-EN-€UM'BERED, pp. Freed from encumbrance. DIS-EN-eUM'BER-ING, ppr. Freeing from encumbrance. DIS-EN-CUM'BRANCE, n. Freedom or deliverance from encumbrance, or any thing burdensome or troublesome. DIS-EN-Ga6E', v. t. 1. To separate, as a substance from any thing with which it is in union ; to free ; to loose ; to liberate. 2. To separate from that to which one adheres, or is attached. 3. To disentangle ; to extricate ; to clear from impediments, difiiculties or perplexities. 4. To de- tach ; to withdraw ; to wean. 5. To free from any thing that commands the mind, or employs the attention. 6. To release or liberate from a promise or obligation ; to set free by dissolving an engagement. DIS-EN-Ga6E', v. i. To set one's self free from ; to with- draw one's affections from. DIS-EN-Ga6'ED, (dis-en-gajd') pp. 1. Separated ; detach- ed ; set free ; released ; disjoined ; disentangled. 2. a Vacant ; being at leisure ; not particularly occupied ; not having the attention confined to a particular object. DIS-EN-GaG'ED-NESS, 71. 1. The quality or state of being disengaged ; freedom from connection ; disjunction. 2. Vacuity of attention. DIS-EN-GAGE'MENT, n. 1. A setting free ; separation ; extrication. 2. The act of separating or detaching. 3. Liberation or release from obligation. 4. Freedom from attention ; vacancy ; leisure. DIS-EN-Ga6'ING, ppr. Separating ; loosing ; setting free , detaching ; liberating ; releasing from obligation. DIS-EN-No'BLE, v. t. To deprive of title, or of that which ennobles. Ouardian. DIS-EN-RoLL', v. i. To erase from a roll or list. DIS-EN-SLaVE', v. t. To free from bondage. South. DIS-EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. I. To unravel ; to unfold ; to un- twist ; to loose, separate or disconnect things which are interwoven, or united without order. 2. To free ; to ex- tricate from perplexity ; to disengage from complicated concerns ; to set free from impediments or difficulties. 3. To disengage ; to separate. DIS-EN-TAN'GLED, pp. Freed from entanglement : extri- cated. DIS-EN-TAN'GLING, ppr. Freeing from entanglement, extricating. DIS-EN-TER'. See Disinter. DIS-EN-THRoNE', v. t. To dethrone ; to depose from sove- reign authority. DIS-EN-THRoN'ED, (dis-en-throndO pp. Deposed ; depriv- ed of sovereign power. DIS-EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Deposmg ; depriving of royai authority. DIS-EN-Tl'TLE, v. t. To deprive of title. South. DIS-EN-TRANCE', v. t. To awaken from a trance, or from deep sleep ; to arouse from a revery. DiS-EN-TRAN'CED, (dis-en-transf) pp. Awakened from a trance, sleep or revery. DIS-EN-TRAN'CING, ppr. Arousing from a trance, sleep or revery. fDIS-ERT', a. [L. disertus.] Eloquent t DIS-ERT'LY, adv. Eloquently, biS-E-SPOUSE', V. t. To separate after espousal or plighted faith ; to divorce. Milton. DIS-E-SPOUS'ED, (dis-e-spouzd') pp. Separated after espousal ; released from obligation to marry. DIS-E-SPOUS'ING, ppr. Separating after plighted faith. DI3-E-STEEM', n. Want of esteem : slight dislike ; disre- gard. Locke. DIS-E-STEEM', v. t. To dislike in a moderate degree ; to consider with disregard, disapprobation, dislike or slight contempt ; to slight. DIS-E-STEEM'ED, (dis-e-steemd') pp. Disliked ; slighted. DIS-E-STEEM'ING, ppr. Disliking ; slighting. DIS-ES-TI-Ml'TION,n. Disesteem ; bad repute. DIS-EX'ER-ClSE, v. t. To deprive of exercise. Milton t DTS-FAN'CY, v. t. To dislike. Hammond. DIS-Fa'VOR, 71. 1. Dislike ; slight displeasure ; discounte- nance ; unfavorable regard ; disesteem. 2. A state of un- acceptableness ; a state in which one is not esteemed or favored, or not patronized, promoted or befriended. 3. An ill ordisobliging act. DIS-Fa'VOR, v. t. To discountenance ; to withdraw, oj withhold from one, kindness, friendship or support ; to check or oppose by disapprobation. DIS-Fa'VORED, pp. Discountenanced ; not favored. DIS-Fa'VOR-ER, n. One who discountenances. DIS-Fa'VOR-ING, ppr. Discountenancing. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.—FKR, F^VLL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete DIS 257 DIS DIS-FIG-U -RATION, n. 1. The act of disfiguring, or mar- ring external form. 2. The state of being disfigured j some degree of deformity. DIS-FIG URE, V. t. 1. To change to a worse form ; to mar external figure ; to impair shape or form, and render it less perfect and beautiful. 2. To marj to impair; to injure beauty, symmetry or excellence. DIS-FIG URED, pp. Changed to a worse form ; impaired in form or appearance. DIS-FIG'URE-MENT, n. Change of external form to the worse; defacement of beauty. DIS-FIG'UR-ER, n. One who disfigures. DIS-FIG UR-ING, ppr. Injuring the form or shape ; impair- ing the beauty of form. DIS-FOR'EST. See Disafforest. OIS-FRAN'CHiSE, v. t. [dis and franchise.] To deprive of the rights and privileges of a free citizen ; to deprive of chartered rights and immunities ; to deprive of any fran- chise. DIS-FRAN'CHiSED, pp. Deprived of the rights and priv- ileges of a free citizen, or of some particular franchise. l)IS-FRAN'Cm«E-MENT, n. The act of disfranchising, or depriving of the privileges of a free citizen, or of some particular immunity. DIS-FRAN'CHlS-ING, ppr. Depriving of the privileges of a free citizen, or of some particular immunity. t DIS-FRl'AR, V. t. To deprive of the state of a friar. DIS-FUR'NISH, V. t. To deprive of furniture ; to strip of apparatus, habiliments or equipage. DIS-FUR'NISHED, pp. Deprived of furniture ; stripped of apparatus. DIS-FUR NISH-ING, ppr. Depriving of furniture or appara- tus. t DIS-GAL'LANT, v. t. To deprive of gallantry. DIS-GAR'NISH, v. t. {dis and garnish.'] 1. To divest of garniture or ornaments. 2. To deprive of a garrison, guns and military apparatus ; to degarnish. DIS-GAR'RI-SON, v. t. To deprive of a garrison. DIS-GAV'EL, V. t. To take away the tenure of gavelkind. DIS-GAV ELED, pp. Deprived of the tenure by gavelkind. DIS-GAV'EL-ING, ppr. Taking away tenure by gavelkind. DIS-GLo'RI-FY, V. t. To deprive of glory ; to treat with in- dignitv DIS-G0R6E', (dis-gorj') v. t. [Fr. degorger.] 1. To eject or discharge from the stomach, throat or mouth ; to vomit. 2. To throw out with violence ; to discharge violently or in great quantities from a confined place. I)IS-G0R6 ED, (dis-gorjd') pp. Ejected ; discharged from the stomach or mouth ; thrown out with violence and in great quantities. DIS-G0E6E'MENT, n. The act of disgorging ; a vomiting. Hall. DIS-G0R6'ING, ppr. Discharging from the throat or mouKi ; vomiting ; ejecting with violence and in great quantities. t DIS-GOS'PEL, V. i. [dis and gospel.] To differ from the precepts of the gospel. Milton. DIS-GRaCE', n. [dis and grace.] I. A state of being out of favor ; disfavor ; disesteem. 2. State of ignominy ; dis- honor ; shame. 3. Cause of shame. 4, Act of unkind- ness ; [not used.] Sidney. DIS-GRaOE', v. t. 1. To put out of favor. 2. To bring a reproach on ; to dishonor. 3. To bring to shame ; to dis- honor ; to sink in estimation. DIS-GRaC'ED, (dis-grasf) pp. Put out of favor; brought under reproach ; dishonored. DIS-GRaCE'F|JL, a. Shameful ; reproachful ; dishonorable ; procuring shame ; sinking reputation. DIS-GRaCE'FIJL-LY, adv. 1. With disgrace. 2. Shame- fully ; reproachfully ; ignominiously ; in a disgraceful manner. DTS-GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Ignominy ; sliamefulness. DIS-GRa'CER, n. One who disgraces ; one who exposes to disgrace ; one who brings into disgrace, shame or con- tempt. DIS-GRa'CING, ppr. Bringing reproach on ; dishonoring. DIS-GRa'CIOUS, a. Ungracious ; unpleasing. DIS-GRaDE', v. t. Our old word for degrade. DIS'GRE-GATE, v. t. To separate ; to disperse. DIS-GUiSE', (dis-gize') v. t. [Fr. deguiser.] 1. To conceal by an unusual habit, or mask. 9. To hide by a counter- feit appearance ; to cloke by a false show, by false lan- guage, or an artificial manner. 3. To disfigure ; to alter the form, and exhibit an unusual appearance. 4. To dis- figure or deform by liquor ; to intoxicate. DIS-GUiSE', n. 1. A counterfeit habit ; a dress intended to conceal the person who wears it. 2. A false appearance ; a counterfeit show ; an artificial or assumed appearance, intended to deceive the beholder. 3. Change of manner by drink ; intoxication. DTS-GUiS'ED, (dis-glzd') pp. Concealed by a counterfeit habit or appearance ; intoxicated. DlS-GUlS'ED-LY, adv. So as to be concealed. DlS-GUlSE'MENT, n. Dress of concealment ; false appear- ance. DIS-GUrs'ER, n. 1. One who disguises himself or another. 2. He or that which disfigures. DIS-GUIS'ING, ppr. Concealing by a counterfeit dress, or by a false show ; intoxicating. DIS-GUiS'ING, n. 1. The act of giving a false appearance 2. Theatrical mummery or masking. DIS-GUST', n. [Fr. degoHt.] 1. Disrelish ; distaste ; aver- sion to the taste of food or drink ; an unpleasant sensation excited in the organs of taste by something disagreeable 2. Dislike ; aversion ; an unpleasant sensation in the mind excited by something oflfensive. DIS-GUST', V. t. 1. To excite aversion in the stomach; to offend the taste. 2. To displease ; to offend the mind or moral taste. DIS-GUST' ED, pp. Displeased; offended. DIS-GUST'FUL, a. Offensive to the taste ; nauseous ; ex- citing aversion in the natural or moral taste. DIS-GUST'ING, ppr. 1. Provoking aversion ; offending the taste. 2. a. Provoking dislike ; odious ; hateful. DIS-GUST'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to give disgust. DISH, n. [^sx. disc] ]. A broad, open vessel, used for serving up meat and various kinds of food at the table. 2. The meat or provisions served in a dish. Hence, any particular kind of food. — 3. Among miners, a trough in which ore is measured. DISH, V. t. To put in a dish. DISH'-CLOTH, ) n. A cloth used for washing and wiping DISH'-CLOUT, \ dishes. Swift. DISH'-WASH-ER, n. The name of a bird, the mergus. DISH'-WA-TER, n. Water in which dishes are washed. DIS-HA-B'iL'I-TATE, v. t. To disqualify. DISH-A-BILLE', ) , ,. ^ , .,,. ( n. [Fr. deshaUlU.] An un- DISH-A-BIL', \ Cais-a-Du; | ^^.^^g. ^ ^^^^^^ negligent dress for the morning. But see deshabille, the French, and more correct orthography. tDIS-HAB'IT, V. t. To drive from a habitation. Shak. DIS-HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Incongruous. fDlS-HAR'MO-NY, n. [dis and harmony.] Want of har- mony ; discord ; incongruity. DIS-HEART'EN, (dis-har'tn) v. t. [dis and heart '' To dis- courage ; to deprive of courage ; to depress the spirits : ta deject ; to impress with fear. DIS-HEaRT'ENED, pp. Discouraged ; depressed in spirits - cast down. DIS-HEART'EN-ING, ppr. Discouraging; depressing the spirits. DISHED, ;>>. Put in a dish or dishes. tDIS-HEIR', (diz-areO v. t. To debar from inheriting. JDISriER'I-SON, 7?. The act of disinheriting, or cuttmg off ^:om inheritance. Bp. Hall. I»IS-HER'IT, V. t. [Fr. desheriter.] To disinherit ; to cut off from the possession or enjoyment of an inheritance. DIS-HER'I-TANCE, n. The state of disheriting or of being disinherited. Beaumont. DIS-HER 'IT-ED, pp. Cut off from an inheritance or heredi- tary succession. DIS-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Cutting off from an inheritance. DI-SHEV'EL, (dish-shev'el) v. t. [Fr. decheveler.] To spread tlie hair loosely ; to suffer the hair of the head to hang negligently, and to flow without confinement. DI-SHEV'EL, V. i. To spread in disorder. Herbert. DI-SHEV'ELED, pp. or a. Hanging loosely and negligently, without confinement ; flowing in disorder. DI-SHEV'EL-ING, ppr. Spreading loosely. DISH'ING, ppr. 1. Putting in a dish or dishes. 2. a. Con- cave ; having the hollow form of a dish. DIS-HON'EST, (diz-on'est) a. 1. Void of honesty ; destitute of probity, integrity or good faith ; faithless ; fraudulent ; knavish ; having or exercising a disposition to deceive, cheat and defraud. 2. Proceeding from fraud or marked by it ; fraudulent ; knavish. 3. Disgraced ; dishonored ; from the sense in Latin. 4. Disgraceful ; ignominious ; from the Latin sense. 5. Unchaste ; lewd Shak. DIS-HON'EST-LY, (diz-on'est-ly) adv. 1. In a dishonest manner ; without good faith, probity or integrity ; with fraudulent views; knavishly. 2. Lewdly; unchastely. Ecclesiasticus. DIS-HON'EST-Y, (diz-on'est-y) n. 1. Want of probity, or integrity in principle ; faithlessness ; a disposition to cheat or defraud, or to deceive and betray. 2. Violation of trust or of justice ; fraud ; treachery ; any deviation from probi- ty or integrity. 3. Unchastity ; incontinence ; lewdness 4. Deceit ; wickedness ; shame. DIS-HON'OR, (diz-on'or) n. [dis and honor.] Reproach , disgrace ; ignominy ; shame ; whatever constitutes a stain or blemish in the reputation. DIS-HON'OR, v.t. 1. To disgrace ; to bring reproach or shame on ; to stain the character of; to lessen reputation 2. To treat with indignity. 3. To violate the chastity of; to debauch. 4. To refuse pr decline to accept or pay. DIS-HON'OR- A-BLE, (diz-on'or-a-bl) a. 3. Shameful; re- proachful ; base ; vile ; bringing shame on ; staining the character, and lessening reputation. 2. Destitute of hon- or. 3. In a state of neglect or disesteem. * See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE : • -17 -BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH gs in this, f Obsolete , DIS 258 DIS DIS-HON'OR-A-BLY, adv. Reproachfully ; in a dishonora- ble manner. DIS-HON'OR-A-RY, (diz-on'or-a-ry) o. Bringing dishonor on ; tending to disgrace ; lessening reputation. DIS-HON'ORED, f-p. Disgraced , brought into disrepute. DIS-HON'OR-ER, n. One who dishonors or disgraces ; one who tieats another with indignity. DIS-HON OR-ING, ppr. Disgracing ; bringing into disre- pute ; treating with indignity. DIS-HORN', V. t. To deprive of horns. Shak. DIS-HORN'ED, (dis-hornd') pp. Stripped of horns. DIS-Hu'MOR, n. Peevishness ; ill humor. DIS-IM-PaRK', v. t. To free from the barriers of a park ; to free from restraints or seclusion. DIS-IM-PRGVE'MENT, n. [dis and improvement.] Reduc- tion from a better to a worse state. [Little used.] Swift. DIS-IN-€AR CER-ATE, v. t. To liberate from prison ; to set free from confinement. [JVot much used.] DIS-IN-€LI-Na'TION, n. Want of inclination ; want of propensity, desh-e or affection ; slight dislike ; aversion ; expressing less than hate. DlS-IN-€LlNE , V. t. [dis and incline.] To excite dislike or slight aversion ; to make disaffected ; to alienate from. DIS-IN-€LlN'ED, (dis-in-klind') pp. Not inclined ; averse. DIS-IN-€LlN'ING, ^J^^r. Exciting dislike or slight aversion. DIS-IN-eOR'PO-RATE, v. t. 1. To deprive of corporate powers ; to disunite a corporate body, 2. To detach or separate from a corporation or society. DIS-IN-eOR-PO-RA'TION, n. Deprivation of the rights and privileges of a corporation. Warton. DIS-IN-FECT', V. t. [dis and infect.] To cleanse from in- fection ; to purify from contagious matter. DIS-IN-FE€T'ED, pp. Cleansed from infection. DIS-IN-FE€T'ING, ppr. Purifying from infection. DIS-IN-FE€'TI0N, n. Purification from infecting matter. Med. Repos. DIS-IN-6E-Nu'I-TY, n. [dis and ingenuitij.] Meanness of artifice ; unfairness ; disingenuousness ; want of candor. Clarendon. [Little used.] DIS-IN-GEN'U-OUS, a. 1. Unfair ; not open, frank and candid ; meanly artful ; illiberal ; applied to persons, 2. Unfair ; meanly artful ; unbecoming true honor and dig- nity ; as, disingenuous conduct. DIS-IN-6EN'U-0US-LY, adv. In a disingenuous manner ; unfairly ; not openly and candidly 5 with secret manage- ment. DIS-IN-6EN'U-0US-NESS, ?i. 1. Unfairness ; want of can- dor ; low craft. 2. Characterized by unfairness, as con- duct or practices. t DIS-IN-HAB'IT-ED, a. Deprived of inhabitants. DIS-IN-HER'I-SON, n. 1. The act of cutting off from hered- itary succession ; the act of disinheriting. Bacon. 2. The .state of being disinherited. Taylor. DIS-IN-HER'IT, v. t. To cut off from hereditary right ; to deprive of an inheritance ; to prevent, as an heir, from coming into possession of any property or right. DIS-IN-HER'IT-ED, pp. Cut off from an inheritance. DIS-IN-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Depriving of an hereditary estate or right. DIS-IN'TE-GRA-BLE, a. That may be separated into in- tegrant parts ; capable of disintegration. DIS-IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. [dis and integer.] To separate the integrant parts of. Kirioan. DIS-IN'TE-GRA-TED, pp. Separated into integrant parts witnout cnemicai action. DIS-IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. The act of separating integrant parts of a substance. DIS-IN-TER', v. t. [dis and inter.] 1. To take out of a grave, or out of the earth. 2. To take out as from a grave ; to bring from obscurity into view. DiS-IN-TER-ESS'ED. See Disinterested. t DIS-IN-TER-ESS'MENT, n. Disinterestedness. DIS-IN'TER-EST, n. [dis and interest.] 1. What is contra- ry to the interest or advantage ; disadvantage ; injury ; [little used.] 2. Indifference to profit ; want of regard to private advantage. DIS-IN'TER-EST, v. t. To disengage from private interest or personal advantage. [Little used.] Feltham. DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. 1. Uninterested ; indifferent 5 free from self-interest ; having no personal interest or private advantage in a question or affair. 2. Not influenced or dictated by private advantage. DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-LY, adv. In a disinterested manner. DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-NESS, n. The state or quality of having no personal interest or private advantage in a question or event ; freedom from bias or prejudice, on ac- count of private interest j indifference. DIS-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Uninteresting. DIS-IN-TER'MENT, n. The act of disinterring, or taking out of the earth. DIS-IN-TER'RED, (dis-in-terd') pp. Taken out of the earth or grave. DIS-IN-TER'RING, ppr. Taking out of the earth, or out of grave DIS-IN-THRALL', v. t. To liberate from slavery, bondage or servitude ; to free or rescue from oppression. DIS-IN-THRALL'ED, (dis-in-thrawldO pp. Set free from bondage. DIS-IN-THRALL'ING, ppr. Delivering from slavery or sei- vitude. DIS-IN-THRALL'MENT, n. Liberation from bondage; emancipation from slavery. E. JSTott. t DIS-IN^TRI-CATE, v. t. To disentangle. Diet. DIS-IN-uRE', V. t. [dis and inure.] To deprive of familiar- ity or custom. Milton. DIS-IN-VA-LID I-TY, n. Want of validity. DIS-IN-VlTE', V. t. To recall an invitation. Finett. DIS-IN-VOLVE', (dis-in-volv') v. t. To uncover ; to unfold or unroll ; to disentangle. More. DIS-JE€'TION, n. [L. disjectio.] A casting down. DIS-JOIN', V. t. [dis and join.] To part ; to disunite ; to separate ; to sunder. DIS-.10IN'ED, (dis-joind') pp. Disunited ; separated. DIS-JOIN'ING, ppr. Disuniting ; severing. DIS-JOINT', V. t. [dis and joint.] 1. To separate a joint , to separate parts united by joints. 2. To put out of joint ; to force out of its socket ; to dislocate. 3. To separate at junctures ; to break at the part where things are united by cement. 4. To break in pieces ; to separate united parts. 5. To break the ixatural order and relations of -a thing ; to make incoherent. DIS-JOINT', V. i. To fall in pieces. Shalt. DIS-JOINT', a. Disjointed. Shall, DIS-JOINT'ED, pp. Separated at the joints ; parted limb from limb ; carved ; put out of joint ; not coherent. DIS-JOINT'ING, ppr. Separating joints ; disjoining limb from limb ; breaking at the seams or junctures 5 render- ing incoherent. DIS-JOINT'LY, adv. In a divided state. Sandys. t DIS-JU-DI-€a'TION, 71. [L. dijudicatio.] Judgment ; de- termination. Boyle. DIS-JUNCT', a. [L. disjunctus.] Disjoined ; separated. DIS-JUN€'TION, 71. [L. disjunctio.] The act of disjoining ; disunion ; separation ; a parting. DIS-JUN€'TIVE, ffl. 1. Separating; disjoining. 2. Inca- pable of union. Grew. — 3. In grammar, a disjunctive con- junction is a word which unites sentences in construction, "but disjoins the sense ; as, I love him, or I fear him.— 4. In logic, a disjunctive proposition is one in which the parts are opposed to each other, by means of disjunctives j as, it is either day or night. DIS-JUNC'TIVE, n. A word that disjoins. DIS-JUN€'TIVE-LY, adv. In a disjunctive manner ; sei)- arately. DISK, n. [L. discus.] 1. The body and face of the sun, moon or a planet, as it appears to us on the earth. 2. A quoit ; a piece of stone, iron or copper, inclining to an oval figure, which the ancients hurled by the help of a leathern thong tied round the person's hand, and put through a hole in the middle.— 3. In botany, the whole sur- face of a leaf; the central part of a radiate compound flower DIS-KlND'NESS, n. 1. Want of kindness ; unkindness , want of affection. 2. Ill turn ; injury ; detriment. DIS-LlKE', n. 1. Disapprobation; disinclination; displea- sure ; aversion ; a moderate degree of hatred. 2. Dis- cord ; disagreement ; [not in use.] Fairfax. DIS-LiKE', v.t. 1. To disapprove; to regard with some aversion or displeasure. 2. To disrelish ; to regard with some disgust. DIS-LIK;'ED, (dis-llkd') pp. Disapproved ; disrelished. t DIS-LTKE'FUL, a. Disliking; disaffected. Spenser. DIS-LiK'EN, v. t. To make unlike. Shak. DIS-LlKE'NESS, n. [dis and likeness.] Unlikenesa ; want of resemblance ; dissimilitude. Locke. DIS-LIK'ER, n. One who disapproves, or disrelishes. DIS-LlK'ING, ppr. Disapproving; disrelishing. DIS-LIMB', (dis-lim') v. t. To tear the limbs from. t DIS-LIMN', (dis-lim') v. t. To strike out of a picture. DIS'LO-€ATE, v. t. [dis, and L. locus.] To displace ; to put out of its proper place ; particularly, to put out of joint ; to disjoint ; to move a bone from its socket, cavity or place of articu! ation. - DIS'LO-GA-TED, pp. Removed from its proper place ; put out of joint. DIS'LOeA-TING, ppr. Putting out of its proper place, or out of joint. DIS-LO-€a'TION, 71, 1. The act of moving from its proper place ; particularly, the act of removing or forcing a bone from its socket ; luxation. 2. The state of being dis- placed. Burnet. 3. A joint displaced. — 4. In geology, the displacement of parts of rocks, or portions of strata, from the situations which they originally occupied. DIS-LOD6E', (dis-lodj') v. t. [dis and lodge.] 1. To remove or drive from a lodge or place of rest ; to drive from the place where a thing naturally rests or inhabits. 2. To drive from a place of retirement or retreat. S.^To drive from any place of rest or habitation, or from any station. To remove an army to other quarters. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tJ, IT, long.— FAR, FALL, WHiJ^T ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD s— f Obsolete DIS Ji59 DIS I)IS-LOD6E', V i. To go from a place of rest. J)IS-L0D6'ED, (dis-lodjd') pp. Driven from a lodge or place of rest ; removed from a place of habitation, or from any station. lHS-LOD6'ING, ppr. Driving from a lodge, from a place of rest or retreat, or from any station. DIS-LOY'ALj a. \dis and loyal.} 1. Not true to allegiance j false to a sovereign ; faithless. 2. False ; perfidious ; treacherous. 3. Not true to the marriage-bed. Shak. 4. False in love ; not constant. Johnson. J)IS-LOY'AL-LY, adv. In a disloyal manner ; with viola- tion of faith or duty to a sovereign ; faithlessly ; perfidi- ously. DIS-LOY'AL-TY, n. 1. Want of fidelity to a sovereign ; violation of allegiance, or duty to a prince or sovereign authority. 2. Want of fidelity in love. Shak. DIS^MAL^ a. 1. Dark; gloomy. 2. Sorrowrful; dire; hor- rid ; melancholy ; calamitous ; unfortunate 3. Fright- ful ; horrible. DIS MAL-LY, adv<. Gloomily ; hoiTibly ; sorrowfully ; un- comfortably. DIS'MAL-NESS, w. Gloominess ; horror. DIS-MAN'TLE, v. t. [dis and mantle.] I. To deprive of dress ; to strip ; to divest. 2. To loose ; to throw open. 3. More generally, to deprive or strip of^pparatus, or fur- niture ; to unrig. 4. To deprive or strip of military fur- niture. 5. To deprive of outworks or forts. 6. To break down. DIS-MAN'TLED, pp. Divested ; stripped of furniture ; un- rigged. DIS-MAN'TLING, ppr. Stripping of dress ; depriving of apparatus or furniture. DIS-MASK', V. t. [dis and mask.] To strip off a mask ; to uncover ; to remove that which conceals. DIS-MASK'ED, (dis-maskf) pp. Divested of a mask; strip- ped of covering or disguise ; uncovered. DIS-MASK 'ING, ppr. Stripping of a mask or covering. DIS-MAST', V. t. [dis and mast.] To deprive of a mast or masts ; to break and carry away the masts from. DIS-MAST'ED, pp. Deprived of a mast or masts. DIS-MAST'ING, ppr. Stripping of masts. DIS-MAST'MENT, n. The act of dismasting ; the state of being dismasted. Marshall. DIS-MaY', v. t. [Sp. desmayar.] To deprive of that strength or firmness of mind which constitutes courage ; to dis- courage ; to dishearten ; to sink or depress the spirits or resolution ; hence, to affright or terrify. DIS-MaY', n. [Sp. desmayo.] Fall or loss of courage ; a sinking of the spirits ; depression ; dejection 5 a yielding to fear ; that loss of fi^rmness which is effected by fear or terror ; fear impressed ; terror felt. DIS-MaY'ED, (dis-m5.de') pp. Disheartened ; deprived of courage. t DIS-MaY'ED-NESS, n. A state of being dismayed ; de- jection of courage ; dispiritedness. DIS-MaY'IKG, ppr. Depriving of courage. DISME, or DIME, n. [Fr.] A tenth part ; a tithe. JByliffe. DIS-MEM'BER, v. t. 1. To divide limb from limb ; to sep- arate a member from the body ; to tear or cut hi pieces ; to dilacerate ; to mutilate. 2. To separate a part from the main body ; to divide ; to sever. DIS-MEM'BERED, pp. Divided member from member; torn or cut in pieces ; divided by the separation of a part from the main body. DIS-MEM'BER-ING, pp)'. Separating a limb or limbs from the body ; dividing by taking a part or parts from, the hody. DIS-MEM'BER-ING, 71. Mutilation. Blackstone. DIS-MEM'BER-MENT, 71. The act of severing a limb or limbs from the body ; the act of tearing or cutting in pieces ; mutilation ; the act of severing a part from the main body ; division ; separation. DIS=MET'TLED, a. Destitute of fire or spirit. [JVot much used.] Llewellyn. DIS-MISS', v. t. [L. dimissus.] 3. To send away ; properly, to give leave of departure ; to permit to depart ; implying authority in a person to retain or keep. 2. To discard ; to remove from office, service or employment. 3. To send ; to dispatch. 4. To send or remove from a docket ; to discontinue. 1 DIS-MISS', n. Discharge ; dismission. i)IS-MISS'AL, 71. Dismission. DIS-MISS'ED, (dis-misf) pp. Sent away ; permitted to de- part ; removed from office or employment. DIS-MISS'ING, ppr. Sending away ; giving leave to de- part ; removing from office or service. DIS-MIS'SION, 71. [L. dimissio.] 1. The act of senduig away ; leave to depart. 2. Removal from office or em- ployment ; discharge. 3. An act requiring departure ; [not usual.] Shak. 4. Removal of a suit in equity. DlS-MISS'IvE, a. Giving dismission. DIS-MORT'GA6E, (dis-mor'gaje) v. t. To redeem from mortgage. Howell. DIS-MOUNT', V. i. [dis and mount.] 1. To alight from a horse ; to descend or get off, as a rider from a beast. 2 To descend from an elevation DIS-MOUNT', V. t. 1. To throw or remove from a horse ; to unhorse. 2. To throw or bring down from any eleva- tion. 3. To throw or remove cannon or other artillery from their carriages ; or 10 break the carriages or wheels, and render guns useless. DIS-MOUNT'£D, pp. 1. Thrown from a horse, or from an elevation ; unhorsed, or removed from horses by order 2. Thrown or removed from carriages. DIS-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Throwmg from a horse ; unhors- ing ; removing from an elevation ; throwing or removing from carriages. DIS-NAT'U-IIAL-IZE, v. t To make alien ; to deprive of the privileges of birth. DIS-Na'TURED, a. Deprived or destitute of natural feel- ings ; unnatural. DIS-O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. [dis and obedience.] 1. Neglect or refusal to obey ; violation of a command or prohibition , the omission of that which is commanded\o be done, or tJie doing of that which is forbid ; breach of duty pre scribed by authority. 2. Non-compliance. DIS-O-Be'DI-ENT, u. 1. Neglecting or refusing to obey ; omitting to do what is commanded, or doing what is pro hibited ; refractory ; not observant of duty or rules pre scribed by authority. 2. Not yielding to exciting force or power. DIS-O-BBY', v. t. [dis and obey.] To neglect or refuse to obey ; to omit or refuse to do what is commanded, or to do vvliat is forbid ; to transgress or violate an order or in junction. DIS-0-BEY'ED, (dis-o-bade') pp. Not obeyed ; neglected ; transgressed. DIS-0-BEY'ING, ppr. Omitting or refusing to obey ; viola- ting ; transgressing, as authority or law. DIS-OB-LI-Ga'TION, n. [dis and obligation.] The act of disobliging ; an offense ; cause of disgust. Clarendon. DIS-OB'LI-GA-TO-RY, a. Releasing obligation. *DIS-0-BLlGE', u.it. [See*OBLi(jE.] 1 . To do an act which contravenes the will or desires of another; to offend by an act of unkindness or incivility ; to injure in a slight degree. 2. To release from obligation ; [not u^ed.] Bp. Hall. * DIS-O-BLlG'ED, (dis-o-blijd') pp. Offended ; slightly in jured. * DIS-O-BLlGE'MENT, n. The act of disobliging. Milton. * DIS-O-BLlG'ER, n. One who disobliges. * DIS-0-BLl6'ING, ppr. 1. Offending ; contravening the wishes of; injuring slightly. 2. a. Not obliging ; not dis- posed to gratify the wishes of another; not disposed to please ; unkind ; offensive ; unpleasing ; unaccommoda- ting. * DIS-0-BLl6'ING-LY, adv. In a disobliging manner ; of- fensively. * DIS-O-BLIG'ING-NESS, n. Offensiveness ; disposition to displease, or want of readiness to olease. t DIS-O-PIN'ION, n. Difference of opinion. DIS-ORB'ED, (dis-orbd') a. [dis and orb.] Thrown out of the proper orbit. Shak. DIS-OR'DER, n. [dis and order.] 1. Want of order or reg- ular disposition ; irregularity ; immethodical distribution ; confusion. 2. Tumult; disturbance of the peace of so- ciety. 3. Neglect of rule ; irregularity. 4. Breach of laws ; violation of standing rules, or institutions. 5. Ir- regularity, disturbance or interruption of the functions of the animal economy ; disease ; distemper ; sickness. 6. Discomposure of the mind ; turbulence of passions. 7. Ir- regularity in the functions of the brain ; derangement of the intellect or reason. DIS-OR'DER, V. t. 1. To break order; to derange ; to dis- turb any regular disposition or arrangement of things ; to put out of meth6d ; to throw into confusion ; to confuse . 2. To disturb or interrupt the natural functions of the aiii- mal economy; to produce sickness or indispositvin. 3. To discompose or disturb the mind ; to ruffle. 4 To dis- turb the regular operations of reason ; to derange. 5. To depose from holy orders ; [unusual.] Dryden. DIS-OR'DERED, pp. Put out of order ; deranged; disturb- ed ; discomposed ; confused ; sick ; indisposed. DIS-OR'DERED, ers') v. t. [L. dis^persus.] 1. To scatter ; to drive asunder ; to cause to separate into different parts. 2. To diffuse J to spread. 3. To dissipate. 4. To dis- tribute. DIS-PERSE', V. i. 1. To be scattered ; to separate ; to go or move into different parts. 2. To be scattered 5 to vanish ; as fog or vapors. DIS-PERS'ED, (dis-persf) pp. Scattered ; driven apart ; diffused ; dissipated. DIS-PERS'ED-LY, adv. In a dispersed manner j separately. Hooker, DIS-PERS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being dispei-sed or DIS-PERSE'NESS, n. Thinness ; a scattered state. [Little used^ Brerewood. DIS-PERS ER, M. One who disperses. Spectator. DIS-PERS'ING, ppr. Scattering ; dissipating. DIS-PER'SION, n. 1. The act of scattering. 2. The state of being scattered, or separated into remote parts. — 3. By way of eminence, the scattering or separation of the human family, at the building cf Babel. — 4. In optics, the diver- gency of the rays of light, or rather the separation of the different colored rays, in refraction, arising from their diffei-ent refrangibilities. — 5. In medicine and surgery, the removing of inflammation from a part, and restoring it to its natural state. DIS-PERS'IVE, a. Tending to scatter or dissipate. DIS-PIR'IT, V. t. [dis and spirit.] 1. To depress the spirits ; to deprive of courage ; to discourage ; to dishearten ; to deject ; to cast dov/n. 2. To exhaust the spirits or vigor of the body; {not usuo.l.'] Collier. DIS-PIR''IT-ED, 7)7>. Discouraged ; depressed in spirits ; de- jected; intimidated. DIS-PIR'IT-ED-NESS, n. Want of courage ; depression of - spirits. DIS-PIR'IT-ING, ppr. Discouraging ; disheartening ; de- jecting ; intimidating. t DIS-PIT'E-OUS, a. Having no pity ; cruel ; furious. Spenser. tDIS-PIT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Maliciously. DIS-PLaCE', v. t. [dis and place.] 1. To put out of the usual or proper place ; to remove from its place. 2. To remove from any state, condition, office or dignity. 3. To disorder. DIS-PLaC'ED, (dis-plasf) pp. Removed from the proper place ; deranged ; disordered ; removed from an office or state. DIS-PLaCE'MENT, n. [Fr. dcplacement.] The act of dis- placing ; the act of rem.oving from the usual or proper place, or from a state, condition or office. Asiat. Res. DIS-PLa CEN-CY, n. [L. displicentia.] Incivility; that which displeases or disobliges. DIS-PLaC'ING, ppr. Putting out of the usual or proper place ; removing from an office, state or condition. DIS-PLANT ,v.t. 1. To pluck up or to remove a plant. 2. To drive away or remove from tiie usual place of resi- dence. 3. To strip of inhabitants. DIS-PLAN-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The removal of a plant. 2. The removal of inhabitants or resident people. DIS-PLANT'ED, pp. 1. Removed from tlie place where it grew, as a plant. 2. Removed from the place of resi- dence. 3. Deprived of inhabitants. DI&-PLANT'ING, ppr. Removing, as a plant. DIS-PLANT'ING, n. Removal from a fixed place. DIS-PLAT', V. t. To untwist ; to uncurl. Hakewill. DIS-PLaY', v. t. [Fr. deployer.] 1. Literally, to unfold ; hence, to open ; to spread wide ; to expand. 2. To spread before the view ; to show ; to exhibit to the eyes, or to the mind ; to make manifest. 3. To carve ; to dissect and open. 4. To set to view ostentatiously. 5. To dis- cover ; [obs.] Spenser. 6. To open ; to unlock ; [obs.] B. Jon^on. DIS-PLaY', v. i. To talk without restraint ; to make a great show of words. Skak. DIS-PLaY', n. 1. An opening or unfolding ; an exhibition of any thing to the view. 2. Show ; exhibition DIS-PLaY'ED, (dis-plade') pp. Unfolded ; opened ; spread; expanded ; exhibited to view ; manifested. DIS-PLaY'ER, n. He or that which displays. DIS-PLaY'ING, ppr. Unfolding ; spreading ; exhibiting ; manifesting. TDIS'PLE, v. t. To discipline ; to chastise. Spenser. f DIS-PLeAS'ANCE, n. [Fr. deplaisan^e.] Anger; discon- tent. Spender. DIS-PLEAS'ANT, (dig-plez'ant) a. Unpleasing ; offensive ; unpleasant. DIS-PLeASE', (dis-pleez') ?». «. [dis and please.] 1. To of- fend ; to make angry, sometimes in a slight degree. 2. To disgust ; to excite aversion in. 3, To offend ; to be disagreeable to. DIS-PLeASE', v. i. To disgust ; to raise aversion. DIS-PLeAS'ED, (dis-pleezd') pp. Offended ; disgusted. DIS-PLeAS'ED-NESB, n. Displeasure ; uneasiness. DIS-PLeAS'ING, ppr. or a. Offensive to the eye, to the mind, to the smell, or to the taste; disgusting; dis- DIS-PLeAS'ING-NESS, 71. Offensiveness ; the quality of giving some degree of disgust. DIS-PLEAS'URE, (dis-plezh'ur) 71. 1. Some irritation or uneasiness of the mind, occasioned by any thing that counteracts desire or command, or which opposes justice and a sense of propriety. 2. Offense; cause of irritation. 3. State of disgrace or disfavor. t DIS-PLEAS'URE, v. t. To displease. Bacon. tDiS'PLI-CENCE, r?. [l^. displicentia.] Dislike. DIS-PL6DE', V. t. [L. displodo.] To vent, discharge or burst with a violent sound. Milton. DIS-PLoDE', V. i. To burst with a loud report ; to explode DIS-PLoD'ED, pp. Discharged with a loud report. DIS-PLoD'ING, ppr. Discharging or bursting with a loud report^ DIS-PLo'SION, 71. The act of disploding ; a sudden burst- ing with a loud report ; an explosion. DIS-PLO'SIVE, a. Noting displosion. DIS-PLtJME', V. t. To strip or deprive of plumes or feath- ers ; to strip of badges of honor. Burke. DlS-PLuM'ED, (dis-Dlumd') Pi?. Stripped of plumes. DIS-PLuM'ING, p2>v. Depriving of plumes. DIS-PON'DEE, n. In Oreek and Latin poetry, a double spondee, consisting of four long syllables. DIS-PONGE'. Sec Dispunge. DIS-PoRT', 71. [dis and sport.] Play ; sport ; pastime ; di- version ; amusement ; merriment. Milton. DIS-PoRT', V. i. To play ; to wanton ; to move lightly and without restraint ; to move in gayety. DIS-PoRT', V. t. To divert or amuse. Shak. DIS-PoRT'ING, ppr. Playing ; wantoning. DIS-PoS'A-BLE, a. Subject to disposal ; not previously engaged or employed ; free to be used or employed. DIS-PoS'AL, 71. 1. The act of disposing ; a setting or ar ranging. 2. Regulation, order or arrangement of things, in the moral government of God; dispensation. 3. Pow- er of ordering, arranging or distributing ; government , management. 4. Power or right of bestowing. 5. The passing into a new state or into new hands. DIS-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. disposer.] 1. To set ; to place or dis- tribute ; to arrange. 2. To regulate ; to adjust ; to set in right order. 3. To apply to a particular purpose ; to give ; to place ; to bestow. 4. To set, place or turn to a partic- ular end -or consequence. 5. To adapt; to form for any purpose. 6. To set the mind in a particular frame ; to incline. To dispose of. — 1. To part with ; to alienate. 2. To part with to another; to put into another's hand or power; to bestow. 3. To give away or transfer by authority. 4. To direct the course of a thing. 5. To place in any con- dition. 6. To direct what to do or what course to pursue. 7. Tojise or employ. 8. To put away. t DIS-PoSE', V. i. To bargain ; to make terms. Shak. i DIS-PoSE', 7i. 1. Disposal; power of disposing; manage- ment. 2. Dispensation; act of government. 3. Disposi- tion ; cast of behavior, 4. Disposition ; cast of mind ; inclination. DIS-PoS'ED, (dis-p6zd') pp. Set in order; arranged; placed; adjusted ; applied ; bestowed ; inclined. DIS-PoS'ER, 71. 1. One who disposes ; a distributor ; a bestower ; as, a disposer of gifts 2. A director ; a regula- tor. 3. That which disposes. DIS-PoSING, ppr. Setting in order; arranging; distribut- ing ;_ bestowing; regulating; adjusting; governing. DIS-PoS'ING, n. The act of arranging 3 regulation ; di- rection. DIS-PO-Sl"TION, 71. [L. disposUio.] 1. The act of dispos- ing, or state of being disposed 2. Manner in which thnigs or the parts of a complex body are placed or ar- ranged ; order ; method ; distribution ; arrangement. 3. Natural fitness or tendency. 4. Temper or natural con- stitution of the mind. 5. Inclination ; propensity ; the temper or frame of mind, as directed to particular objects 6. Disposal ; alienation ; distribution ; a giving away or giving over to another. t DIS-POS'I-TiVE, a. That implies disposal. Ayliffe. t DIS-POS'I-TIVE-LY, adv. In a dispositive manner ; dis tributively. Brown. t DIS-POS'I-TOR, 71, A disposer.— In astrology, the planet which is lord of the sign where another planet is. DIS-POS-SESS', V. t. [dis and possess.] To put out of pos- session, by any means ; to deprive of the actual occu- pancy of a thing, particularly of land or real estate ; to ■■ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— Byi L, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. DIS 2&i DIS DIS-POS-SESS'ED, (dis-poz-zesf) pp. Deprived of posses- sion or occupancy. DIS-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Depriving of possession ; disseiz- ing. DIS-POS-SES'SION, 7!. The act of putting out of posses- sion. Hall. r DIS-PoS'URE, (dis-po'zhur) n. 1. Disposal ; the power of disposing; management; direction. Sandys. 2. State ; posture ; disposition. DiS-PRAlSE', (dis-praze') n. [dis and praise.] 1. Blame; censure. 2. Reproach; dishonor. DIS-PRa1»E', v. t. To blame ; to censure ; to mention vi^ith disappjobation, or some degree of reproach. DIS-PRaIS'ED, (dis-prazd') pp. Blamed ; censured. DIS-PRaIS'ER, 11. One who blames or dispraises. t DIS-PRaIS'I-BLE, a. Unworthy of commendation. Diet. DIS-PR aI S'ING, ;)nr. Blaming; censuring. DIS-PRaIS'ING-LY, adv. By way of dispraise ; with blame or some degree of reproach. DIS-PREAD', (dis-pred') v. t. To spread in different ways ; to extend or flow in different directions. Pope. DIS-PREAD', V. i. To expand or be extended. DIS-PREAD'ER, «. A publisher; a divulger. t DIS-PRIV'I-LEGE, V. t. To deprive of a privilege. DIS-PRiZE', V. t. To undervalue. Cotton. DIS-PRO-FESS', V. i. To renounce the profession of. DIS-PROF'IT, 11. Loss ; detriment ; damage. DIS-PROOF', n. Confutation ; refutation ; a proving to be false or erroneous. t DIS-PROFER-TY, v. t. To deprive of property ; to dis- possess. Shak. DIS-PRO-PoR'TION,n. 1. Want of proportion of one thing to another, or between the parts of a thing ; want of sym- metry. 2. Want of proper quantity, according to rules prescribed. 3. Want of suitableness or adequacy ; dis- parity ; inequality ; unsuitableness. DIS-PRO-PoR'TION, V. t. To make unsuitable in form, size, length or quantity ; to violate symmetry in ; to mis- match : to join unfitly. DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. Disproportional ; not in proportion ; unsuitable in form, size or quantity to some- thing else ; inadequate. DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of proportion or symmetry ; unsuitableness to something else. DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLY, adv. With want of propor- tion or symmetrv ; unsuitably to something else. DIS-PRO-PoR'TI6N-AL, a. Not having due proportion to something else ; not having proportion or symmetry, of parts ; unsuitable in form or quantity ; unequal ; inade- quate. [This is the word which ought to be used for dis- pj- op or tio liable.] DIS-PRO-PoR-TION-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being dis- proportional. DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-AL-LY, adv. Unsuitably with respect to form, quantity or value ; inadequately ; unequally. DIS-PRO-POR'TION-ATE, a. Not proportioned ; unsym- metrical ; unsuitable to something else, in bulk, form or value ; inadequate. DIS-PRO-POR'TION-ATE-LY, adv. In a disproportionate degree ; unsuitably ; inadequately. DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness in form, bulk or value ; inadequacy. DIS-PRo'PRI-ATE, v. t. To destroy appropriation ; to with- draw from an appropriate use. DIS-PROV'A-BLE, a. Capable of being disproved or re- futed. Boyle. DIS-PROVE', V. t. [dis and prove.] 1. To prove to be false or erroneous ; to confute. 2. To convict of the practice of error ; [obs.] Hooker. 2. To disallow or disapprove ; [ohs.] Hooker. DIS-PRoV'ED, (disproovd') pp. Proved to be false or erro- neous ; refuted. DIS-PROV'ER, n. One that disproves or confutes. DIS-PRCV'IKG, ppr. Proving to be false or erroneous ; con- futing; refuting. DIS-PUNGE', v.t. To expunge; to erase; also, to dis- charge as from a spunge. [Little used.] Shak. DTS-PUNTSH-A-BLE, a. [dis and punishable.] Without penal restraint ; not punishable. Swift. T DIS-PTJRSE', for disburse. Shak. t DIS-PUR-VEY', v. t. To unprovide. t DIS-PUR-VEY'ANCE, n. Want of provisions. Spenser. * DIS'PU-TA-BLE, a. That may be disputed ; liable to be called in question, controverted or contested ; controvert- ible ; of doubtful certainty. tDES-PU-TACI-TY, n. Proneness to dispute. DIS'PU-TANT, n. One who disputes ; one who argues in opposition to another ; a controvertist ; a reasoner in op- position. DIS'PU-TANT, a. Disputhig; engaged in controversy. DIS-PU-Ta'TION, n. [L. disputatio.] 1. The act of dis- puting ; a reasoning or argumentation in opposition to something, or on opposite sides ; controversy in words ; verbal contest, respecting the truth of some fact, opinion, proposition or argument. 2. An exercise in colleges, in which parties reason in opposition to each other, on some question proposed. DIS-PU-Ta'TIOUS, a. Inclined to dispute ; apt to cavil or controvert. DIS-Pu'TA-TiVE, a. Disposed to dispute ; inclined to cavilor to reason in opposition. Watts. DIS-PuTE', TJ. i. [1j. disputo .] 1. To contend in argument ; to reason or argue in opposition ; to debate ; to altercate. 2. To strive or contend in opposition to a competitor. DIS-PuTE', V. t. 1. To attempt to disprove by arguments or statements ; to attempt to prove to be false, unfounded or erroneous ; to controvert ; to attempt to overthrow by reasoning. 2. To strive or contend for, either by words or actions. 3. To call in question the propriety of; to oppose by reasoning. 4. To strive to maintain. DIS-PuTE', n. 1. Strife or contest in words or by argu- ments ; an attempt to prove and maintain one's own opin- ions or claims, by arguments or statements, in opposition to the opinions, arguments or claims of another ; contro- versy in words. — Dispute is usually applied to verbal contest ; controversy may be in words or writuig. 2. The possibility of being controverted. DIS-PtJT'ED, pp. Contested ; opposed by words or Eirgu- ments ; litigated. DIS-POTE'LESS, a. Admitting no dispute ; incontrovert- ible._ DIS-PuT'ER, n. One who disputes, or who is given to dis- putes ; a controvertist. DIS-PtJT'ING, ppr. Contending by words or arguments ; controverting. DIS-PuT'ING, 71. The act of contending by words or argu- ments ; controversy ; altercation. DIS-aUAL-I-FI-€A'TION, n. 1. The act of disqualifying ; or tliat which disqualifies ; that which renders unfit, un- suitable or inadequate. 2. The act of depriving of legEil power or capacity ; that which renders incapable ; that which incapacitates in law ; disability. 3. Want of qual- ification. It is used in this sense, though improperly. DIS-Q-UAL'I-FlED, pp. Deprived of qualifications ; render- ed unfit. DIS-aUAL'I-FY-, v.t. I. To make unfit; to deprive of natural power, or the qualities or properties necessary for any purpose. 2. To deprive of legal capacity, power or right ; to disable. DIS-aUAL'I-FY-ING, ppr. Rendering unfit ; disabling. t DIS-aUAN'TI-TY, v. t. To diminish. Shak. DIS-CiUl'ET, a. [dis awA quiet.] Unquiet; restless; un- easy. [Seldom used.] Shak. DIS-Q,Ul'ET, 71. Want of quiet; uneasiness; restlessness; want of tranquillity in body or mind ; disturbance ; anxi- ety. Swift. DIS-dUl'ET, V. t. To disturb ; to deprive of peace, rest or tranquillity • to make uneasy or restless ; to harass the bony ;_to fret or vex the mind. DIS-CiUl'ET-ED, pp. Made uneasy or restless ; disturbed, harassed. DIS-aUl'ET-ER, 71. One who disquiets ; he or that which makes uneasy. DIS-aUT'ET-FUL, a. Producing inquietude. Barrow. DIS-ClUl'ET-ING, ppr. 1. Disturbing ; making uneasy ; de- priving of rest or peace. 2. a. Tending to disturb the mind. DIS-Q,Ul'ET-LY, adv. Without quiet or rest; in an un- easy state ; uneasily; anxiously. [Unusual.] DIS-4Ui'ET-NESS, n. Uneasiness ; restlessness ; disturb- ance of peace in body or mind. Hooker. t DIS-aUl'ET-OUS, a. Causing uneasiness. Milton. DIS-aUl'E-TUDE, n. Want of peace or tranquillity ; un- easiness ; disturbance ; agitation ; anxiety. DIS-aUI-Sl"TION, 71. [L. disquisitio.] A formal or sys- tematic inquiry into any subject, by arguments, or dis- cussion of the facts and circumstances that may elucidate truth. Woodward. fDIS-RANK', v.t. I. To degrade from rank. 2. To throw out of rank or into confusion. DIS-RE-GARD', n. Neglect ; omission of notice ; slight ; implying indifference or some degree of contempt. DIS-RE-GARD', v. t. To omit to take notice of; to neglect to observe ; to slight as unworthy of regard or notice. DIS-RE-GARD'ED, pp. Neglected ; slighted ; unnoticed. DIS-RE-GARD'FUL, a. Neglectful ; negligent ; heedless. DIS-RE-GARD'F]JL-LY, adv. Negligently; heedlessly. DIS-REL'ISH, 71.' 1. Distaste; dislike of the palate ; some degree of disgust. 2. Bad taste ; nauseousness. 3. Dis- taste or dislike, in -a figurative sense. DIS-REL'ISH, V. t. 1. To dislike the taste of. 2. To make nauseous or disgusting ; to infect with a bad taste. Milton. 3. To dislike ; to feel some disgust at. DIS-REL'ISHED, pp. Not relished ; disliked ; made nau seous. DIS-REL'ISH-ING, ^r. Disliking the taste of ; experien cing disgust at ; rendering nauseous. DIS-RE-MEM'BER, «. t. To forget. [Unauthorized.] * See Synopsis. A E, I, O, C, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete DIS 263 DIS DIS-REP'LT-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not reputable ; not in esteem ; not honorable ; low ; mean. 2. Dishonorable ; disgracing the reputation J tending to impair the good name, and bring into disesteem. DIS-REP-U-Ta'TION, n. Loss or want of reputation or good name ; disrepute j disesteem ; dishonor ; disgrace ; discredit^ DIS-RE-PuTE', n. Loss or want of repiitation ; disesteem ; discredit ; dishonor. DIS-RE-SPE€T', n. 1. Want of respect or reverence ; dis- esteem. 2. As an act, incivility ; irreverence ; rudeness. DIS-RE-SPEGT'PIJL, a. 1, Wanting in respect ; irrever- ent. 2. Manifesting disesteem or want of respect ^ un- civil. DIS-RE-SPEeT'FTJL-LY, adv. In a disrespectful manner ; ineverently j uncivilly, DIS-RoBE', V. t. 1. To divest of a robe; to divest of gar- ments ; to undress. 2. To strip of covering ; to divest of any surrounding appendage. DIS-RoB'ED, (dis-robd') i'i^. Divested of clothing ; stripped of covering, DIS-RoB'ER, n. One that strips of robes or clothing. DIS-RoB'ING,^pr. Divesting of garments j stripping of any kind of covering. DIS-ROOT', V. t. 1. To tear up the roots, or by the roots. 2. To tear from a foundation ; to loosen or undermine. Ooldsmith. DIS-ROOT'ED, pp. Torn up by the roots ; undermined. DIS-ROOT'ING, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; undermin- ing. DIS-RUPT,a. [Ij. disruptus.'^ Rent from; torn asunder; severed by rending or breakmg. DIS-RUP'TION, n. [L. disruptio.] 1. The act of rending asunder ; the act of bursting and separating. 2. Breach ; rent ; dilaceration. DIS-RUPT'URE, V. t. To rend ; to sever by tearing, break- ing or bursting. DIS-RUPT'URED, pp. Rent asunder ; severed by breaking. DIS-RUPT'UR-ING, ppr. Rending asunder ; seveiing, DISSAT-IS-FA€'TI0N, n. The state of being dissatisfied ; discontent ; uneEisiness proceeding from the want of grat- ification, or from disappointed wishes. DIS-SAT-IS-FA€'TO-RI-NESS, n. Inability to satisfy or give content ; a failing to give content. DIS-SAT-IS-FA€'TO-RY, a. Unable to give content ; giving discontent; displeasing. DLS-SAT'IS-FIED, pp. I. Made discontented ; displeased. 2. a. Discontented; not satisfied; not pleased ; offended. Locke. DIS-SAT'IS-F-?, V. t. To render discontented ; to dis- please ; to excite uneasiness by frustrating wishes or ex- pectations. DIS-SAT'-IS-FY-ING, ppr. Exciting uneasiness or discon- tent^ DIS-SeAT', v. t. To remove from a seat. ShaJc. DIS-SEGT', 2K t. [L. disseco, disscctus.] 1. To cut in pieces ; to divide an animal body, with a cutting instrument, by separating the joints. 2, To cut in pieces, as an animal or vegetable, for the purpose of examining the structure and use of its several parts ; to anatomize. 3. To divide into its constituent parts, for the purpose of examination. Pope. DIS-SE€T'ED, pp. Cut in pieces ; separated by parting the joints ; divided into its constituent parts ; opened and ex- amined. DIS-SEeT^I-BLE, a. That may be dissected. Paley. DIS-SE€T'ING, ppr. Cutting in pieces; dividing the parts ; separating constituent parts for minute examina- tion. DIS-SE€'TION, n. [L. dissectio.] 1. The act of cutting in pieces an animal or vegetable, for the purpose of examin- ing the structure and uses of its parts ; anatomy. 2. The act of separating into constituent parts, for the purpose of critical examination. DIS-SE€TfOR, n. One who dissects ; an anatomist. DIS-SeTZE', v. t. [dis and seize ; Fr. dessaisir.] In law, to dispossess wrongfully ; to deprive of actual seizin or pos- session ; followed by of. DIS-SeIZ'ED, (dis-seezd') pp. Put out x»f possesion wrong- fully or by force ; deprived of actual possession. DIS-SEI-ZEE', n. A person put out of possession of an estate unlawfully, DIS-SeIZ'IN, n. The act of disseizing ; an unlawful dispos- sessing of a person of his lands, tenements or incorporeal hereditaments ; a deprivation of actual seizin. DIS-SeIZ'ING, ppr. Depriving of actual seizin or posses- sion j putting out of possession, DIS-SeIZ'OR, n. One who puts another out of possession wrongfully ; he that dispossesses another, DIS-SEM'BLANCE, n. Want of resemblance, DIS-SEM'BLE, v. - [L. dissimulo.] 1, To hide under a false appearance to conceal ; to disguise ; to pretend that not to be which really is. 2. To pretend that to be which is not ; to make a false appearance of. DIS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To be hypocritical ; to assume a ftilse appearance ; to conceal the real fact, motives, intention or sentiments under some pretense. DIS-SEM'BLED, pp. Concealed under a false appearance ; disguised. DIS-SEM'BLER, n. One who dissembles ; a hypocrite ; one who conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false appearance, DIS-SEM'BLING, jw. Hiding under a false appearance j acting the hypocrite. DIS-SEM'BLING-LY, adv. With dissimulation ; hypocriti- cally; falsely. Knolles. DIS-S£M'I-NATE, v. t. [L. dissemino.] 1. Literally, to sow ; to scatter seed ; hut seldom or never used in its literal sense. 2, To scatter for growth and propagation, like seed ; to spread. 3. To spread ; to diffuse, 4. To spread ; to disperse. DIS-SEM'I-NA-TED, pp. 1. Scattered, as seed ; propaga- ted ; spread. — 2. In mineralogy, occurring in portions less than a hazel-nut ; being scattered. DI3-SEM'I-NA-TING, j>2jr. Scattering and propagating; spreading. DISrSEM-1-NA'TION, n. The act of scattering and propa- gating, like seed ; the act of spreading for growth and per- manence. DIS-SEM-I-Na'TOR, 71. One who disseminates; one who spreads and' propagates. DIS-SEN'SION, n. [L. dissensio.] Disagreement in opinion, usually a disagreement which is violent, producing warm debates or angry words; contention in words; strife; discord ; quarrel ; breach of friendship and union, DIS-SEN'SIOUS, a. Disposed to discord ; quarrelsome ; con- tentious ; factious. [Little used.] Shak. DIS-SENT', «. i. [Ij. dlssensio.] 1. To disagree in opinion ; to differ ; to think in a different or contrary manner. 2. To differ from an established church, in regard to doc- trines, rites or government. 3. To differ ; to be of a con- trary nature. Hooker. DIS-SENT', 71. 1. Difference of opinion ; disagreement. 2. Declaration of disagreement in opinion. 3. Contrarie- ty of nature, opposite quality ; [obs.] Bacon. DIS-SENT-A'NE-OUS, a. Disagreeable ; contrary, f DIS'SENT-A-NY, a. Dissentaneous ; inconsistent. DIS-SENT'ER, n. I. One who dissents ; one Who differs in opinion, or one who declares his disagreement. 2. One Who separates from the service and worship of any estab- lished church. The word is in England particularly ap- plied to those who separate from, or who do not unite with, the church of England. DIS-SEN'TIENT, a. Disagreeing ; declaring dissent. DIS-SEN'TIENT, n. One who disagrees, and declares his dissent. DIS-SENT'ING , ppr. Disagreeing in opinion; separating from the communion of an established church. It is used as an adjective. DIS-SEN'TlOUS, a. Disposed to disagreement or discord. DIS-SEP'I-MENT, n. [L. disscpimentum.] In botany, a partition in dry seed-vessels, as in capsules and pods, which separates the fruit into cells. DIS-SERT', V. i. [L. dissero, diserto.] To discourse or dis- pute. [Little in use.] DIS-SER-Ta'TION, 71. [L. dissertatio.] I. A discourse, or rather a formal discourse, intended to illustrate a subject, 2. A written essay, treatise or disquisition, DIS'SER-TA-TOR, n. One who writes a dissertation ; one who debates. Boyle. DIS-SERVE', v. t. [dis and serve.] To injure ; to hurt ; to harm ; to do injury or mischief to. DIS-SERV'ED, (dis-servd') pp. Injured. DIS-SERV'iCE, n. Injury ; harm ; mischief. DIS-SERV'iCE-A-BLE, a. Injurious ; hurtful. DIS-SERV'ICE-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in jurious ; tendency to harm. JVorris. DIS-SERV'iCE-A-BLY, ado. So as to be injurious Hack- ett t DIS-SET'TLE v. U To unsettle More. DIS-SEV'ER, v. t. To dispart ; to part in two ; to divide asunder ; to separate ; to disunite, either by violence or not. DIS-SEV'ER-ANCE, n. The act of dissevering ; separation , DIS-SEV'ERED, pp. Disparted ; disjoinea , separated. DIS-SEVER-ING, ppr. Dividing asunder ; separating ; tear- ing or cutting asunder. DIS-SEVER-ING, n. The act of separating ; separation. DIS'SI-DENCE, n. Discord. DIS'SI-DENT, a. [L, dissideo.} Not agreeing. DIS'SI-DENT, n. A dissenter ; one who separates from the established religion. DIS-SIL'I-ENCE, 71. [L. dissilio.] The act of leaping or starting asunder. DIS-SIL'I-ENT, a. Starting asunder ; bursting and opening with an elastic force, as the dry pod or capsule cf a plant DIS-SI-LI"TION, 71, The act of bursting open ; the act of starting or springing different ways. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete DIS 264 DIS DIS-SIM I-LAR, a. Unlike, either iii nature, properties or external form ; not similar ; not having the resemblance of; heterogeneous. DIS-SIM-I-L.^R I-TY, n. Unlikeness; want of resem- blance ; dissimilitude. DIS-SIM'I-LE, n. Comparison or illustration by contraries. [Little XLScd.S DlS-SI-ML'i-TUDE, n. [L. dissimilitudo.] Unlikeness ; want of resemblance. DIS-SIM-U-La'TION, n. [L. dissimulatio.] The act of dis- sembling ; a hiding under a false appearance ; a feigning ; false pretension ; hypocrisy. t-DIS-SIM'ULE, w, t. To dissemble. Elyut. DIS'SI-PA-BLE, a. Liable to be dissipated ; that may be scattered or dispersed. Bacon. DIS'SI-PATE, V. t. [L. dissipatus.] 1. To scatter; to dis- perse ; to drive asunder. 2. To expend; to squander; to scatter property in wasteful extravagance; to waste; to consume. 3. To scatter the attention, DIS'SI-PATE, V. i. To scatter; to disperse ; to separate in- to parts and disappear ; to waste away ; to vanish. DIS'SI-PA-TED, pp. 1. Scattered; dispersed; wasted; consumed; squandered. 2. a. Loose; irregular; given to extravagance in the expenditure of property ; devoted to pleasure and vice. DIS'SI-PA-TING, ppr. Scattering ; dispersing ; wasting ; consuming; squandering; vanishing. DIS-SI-Pa'TION, n. 1. Tiie act of scattering; dispersion; , the state of being dispersed. — 2. In physics, the insensible loss or waste of the minute pajts of a body, which fly off, by which means the body is diminished or consumed. 3, Scattered attention, or that which diverts and calls off the mind from any subject. 4. A dissolute, irregular course of life ; a wandering from object to object in pursuit of pleasure. tDIS-SO-CI-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Want of sociability. DIS-So'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not well associated, united or as- sorted. 2. Incongruous; not reconcilable with. Spec- tator. DIS-So'CIAL, a. [dis and social.] Unfriendly to society; contracted; selfish. Karnes. DIS-So'-CIATE, V. t. [L. dissociatus.l To separate ; to dis- unite ; to pait. Boyle. DIS-So'CIA-TED, pp. Separated ; disunited. DIS-So'CIA-TING, ppr. Separating ; disuniting. DIS-SO-CI-A'TION, 71. The act of disuniting ; a state of separation; disunion. Burke. DIS-SOL-U-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being dissolved by heat or moisture, and converted into a fluid. DIS'SO-LU-BLE, a. [L. dlssoluUlis.'] 1. Capable of being dissolved ; that may be melted ; having its parts separa- ble by heat or moisture ; convertible into a fluid. TVood- ward. 2. That may be disunited. DIS'SO-LUTE, a. [L. dissolutus.'] 1. Loose in behavior and morals ; given to vice and dissipation ; wanton ; lewd ; luxm-ious ; debauched ; not under the restraints of law. 2. Vicious ; wanton ; devoted to pleasure and dis- sipation. DIS'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. Loosely; wantonly ; in dissipa- tion or debauchery ; without restraint. DIS'SO-LUTE-NESS. n. Looseness of manners and mor- als ; vicious indulgences in pleasure, as in intemperance and debauchery ; dissipation. OlS-SO-Lu'TION, n. [L. dissolutio.] 1. The act of lique- fying or changing from a solid to a fluid state by heat ; a melting ; a thawing. 2. The reduction of a body into its smallest parts, or into very minute parts, by a dissolvent or menstruum. 3. The separation of the parts of a body by putrefaction, or the analysis of the natural structure of mixed bodies, as of animal or vegetable substances ; de- composition. 4. The substance formed by dissolving a body in a menstruum. Bacon. 5. Death ; the separation ofthe soul and body. Milton. 6. Destruction; the sepa- ration of the parts which compose a connected system or body. 7. The breaking up of an assembly, or the putting an end to its existence. 8. Looseness of "manners ; dissi- pation. — 9. Dissolution ofthe blood, in medicine, that state ofthe blood in which it "does not readily coagulate, on its cooling, out ofthe body, as in malignant fevers. DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. That may be dissolved ; capable of being melted ; that may be converted into a fluid. DIS-SOLVE', (diz-zolV) v. t. [L. dissolve] 1. To melt ; to liquefy ; to convert rrom a solid or fixed state to a fluid state by "means of heat or moisture. 2. To disunite ; to break; to separate. 3. To loose; to disunite. 4. To loose the ties or bonds of any thing ; to destroy any con- nected system. 5. To loose ; to break. 6. To break up ; to cause to separate ; to put an end to. 7. To clear ; to solve ; to remove ; to dissipate, or to explain. 8. To break ; to destroy. 9. To loosen or relax ; to make lan- guid. 10. To waste away ; to consume ; to cause to van- ish or perish. 11. To annul ; to rescind. DIS-SOLVE', V. i. 1. To be melted ; to be converted from a solid to a fluid state. 2. To sink away ; to lose strength and firmness. 3. To melt away in pleasure ; to become soft or languid. 4. To fall asunder ; to crumble ; to be broken. 5. To waste away ; to perish ; to be decom- posed. 6. To come to an end by a separation of parts. DIS-SOLV'ED, (diz-zolvd') pp. Melted ; liquefied ; disu nited ; parted ; loosed ; relaxed ; wasted away ; ended.- Dissolved blood is that which does not readily coagulate. DIS-SOLV'ENT, a. Having power to melt or dissolve, DJS-SOLV'ENT, n. 1. Any thing which has the power or quality of melting, or converting a solid substance into a fluid, or of separating the parts of a fixed body so that tliey mix with a liquid. — 2. In medicine, a remedy suppos- ed capable of dissolving concretions iii the body, such as calculi, tubercles, &c. DIS-SOLV'ER, n. That which dissolves, or has the power of dissolving. DIS-SOLV'I-SLE, a. Liable to perish by dissolution. DIS-SOLV'ING, p2)r. Melting ; making or becoming li- quid. DIS'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr. dissonance.] 1. Discord ; a mix- ture or union of harsh, unharmonious sounds, which are grating or unpleasing to the ear. 2. Disagreement. DIS'SO-NANT, a. 1. Discordant ; harsh ; jarring ; unhar- monious ; unpleasant to the ear. 2. Disagreeing ; incon- gruous_. DIS-SUaDE', (dis-swade') v. t. [L. dissuadeo.] 1. To ad- vise or exhort against ; to attempt to draw or divert from a measure, by reason or offering motives to. 2. To repre- sent as^ unfit, improper or dangerous. DIS-SUaD'ED, ^7/7. Advised against ; counseled or induced by advice not to do something ; diverted from a purpose. DIS-SUaD'ER, 71. He that dissuades ; a dehorter. DIS-SUaD'ING, ppr. Exhorting against; attempting, by advice, to divert from a purpose. DIS-SUa'SION, (dis-swa'zhun) n. Advice or exhortation in opposition to something ; dehortation. DIS-SUa'SIVE, a. Tending to dissuade, or divert from a measure or purpose ; dehortatory. DIS-SU-a'SIVE, 71. Reason, argiunent or counsel, employ- ed to deter one from a measure or purpose ; that which is used or which tends to divert the mind from any purpose or pursuit. DIS-SUN'DER, V. t. To separate ; to rend. Chapman. t DIS-SWEET'EN, v. t. To deprive of sweetness. DIS-SYL-LAB'I€, a. Consisting of two syllables only. *DIS-SYL'LA-BLE, 71. [Gr. <5to-ayXXa/3of.] A word con- sisting of two syllables only. DIS'TAFF, n. [Sax. distrnf.] 1. The staff of a spinning- wheel, to which a bunch of flax is tied, and from which the thread is dra^n. — 2. Figuratively, a woman, or the female sex. Dryden. DIS'TAFF-THIS'TLE, n. A species of thistle. DIS-TaIN', 7). t. [Fr. deteindre.] 1. Tostain; totingewith any different color from the natural or proper one ; to dis- color. 2. To blot ; to sully ; to defile ; to tarnish. DIS-TaIN'ED, (dis-tandi)pp. Stained ; tmged ; discolored ; blotted ; sullied. DIS-TaIN'ING, ppr. Staining ; discoloring ; blotting ; tar- nishing. DIS'TANCE, 77. [Fr. distance.] 1. An interval or space between two objects. 2. Preceded by at, remoteness of place. 3. Preceded by thy, his, your, her, their, a suita- ble space, or such remoteness as is common or becoming ; as, let him keep his distance. 4. A space marked on the course where horses run. 5. Space of time ; any indefi- nite length of time, past or future, intervening between two periods or events. 6. Ideal space or separation. 7. Contrariety ; opposition. 8. The remoteness which re- spect requires ; hence, respect. 9. Reserve ; coldness ; alienation of heart. 10. Remoteness in succession or re- lation. — 11. In music, the interval between two notes. DIS'TANCE, V. t. 1. To place remote ; to throw off from the view. 2. To leave behind in a race ; to win the race by a great superiority. 3. To leave at a great distance behind. DIS'TANCED, pp. Left far behind ; cast out ofthe race. DIS'TANT, a. [L. distans.] 1. Separate ; having an in- tervening space of any indefinite extent. 2. Remote in place. 3, Remote in time, past or future. 4. Remote in the line of succession or descent, indefinitely. 5. Re- mote in natural connection or consanguinity. 6. Remote in nature ; not allied ; not agreeing with or in conformity to. 7. Remote in view ; slight ; faint ; not vei7 likely to be realized. 8. Remote in connection ; slight ; faint ; indirect; not easily seen or understood. 9. Reserved; shy ; implying haughtiness, coldness of affection, indif- ference, or disrespect. DIS'TANT-LY, adv. Remotely ; at a distance ; with re- serve. DIS-TaSTE', n. 1. Aversion of the taste ; dislike of food or drink ; disrelish ; disgust, or a slight degree of it. 2. Dislike ; uneasiness. 3. Dislike ; displeasure ; aliena- tion of affection. DIS-TaSTE', v. t. 1. To disrelish ; to dislike ; to lothe * See Synopsis, a, E, I, 0, U, Y, lon>r.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, fiLVRiNE, BIRD ,— f Obsolete. DIS 265 DIS 2. To offend ; to disgust ; [l.u.] 3. To vex j to displease 5 to sour; [I. u.] DIS-TaST'ED, p;7. Disrelished; disliked; offended. DIS-TaSTE'FUL, a. 1. Nauseous ; unpleasant or disgust- ing to tlie taste. 2. Offensive ; displeasing. 3. Malevo- lent, DIS-TaSTE'FUL-NESS, n. Disagreeableness ; dislike. DIS-TaST'ING, ppr. Disrelishing ; disliking ; offending ; displeasing. DIS-TaST'IVE,7i. That which gives disrelish or aversion. IVhitlock. DIS-TEMTER, n. 1. Literally, an undue or unnatural temper, or disproportionate mixture of parts. 2. Disease ; malady ; indisposition ; any morbid state of an animal body, or of any part of it. 3. Want of due temperature, applied to climate ; \iiot used,'] Raleigh. 4. Bad constitu- tion of the mind ; undue predominance of a passion or appetite. 5. Want of due balance of parts or opposite qualities and principles ; {not used.] Bacon. 6. Ill-hu- mor of mind ; depravity of inclination ; \iiot used.] 7. Political disorder ; tumalt. Waller. 8. Uneasiness ; ill- humor or bad temper. — 9. In painting, the mixing of col- ors with something besides oil and water. DIS-TEM'PER, v.t. 1. To disease; to disorder; to de- range the functions of the body or mind. 2. To disturb ; to ruffle. 3. To deprive of temper or moderation. 4. To make disaffected, ill-humored or malignant. ShaJc. riS-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. Distemperature. DIS-TEM'PER-ATE, a. Immoderate. [Little used.] DIS-'J'EM'PER-A-TURE, n. 1. Bad temperature ; intem- perateness ; excess of heat or cold, or of other qualities ; a noxio'js state. 2, Violent tumultuousness ; outrageous- ness. 3. Perturbation of mind. 4. Confusion; commix- ture of contrarieties; loss of regularity; disorder. 5. Slight illness ; indisposition. DIS-TEM'PERED, pp. or a. 1. Diseased in body, or disor- dered in mind. 2. Disturbed; ruffled. 3. Deprived of temper or moderation ; immoderate, 4. Disordered ; bi- ased ; prejudiced ; perverted. 5. Disaffected ; made ma- levolent. DIS-TEM'PER-ING,^r. Affecting with disease or disor- der; disturbing; depriving of moderation. DIS-TEND', t?. t, [li. distendo.] 1. To stretch or spread in all duections ; to dilate ; to enlarge ; to expand ; to swell. 2. To spread apart ; to divaricate. DIS-TEND'ED, pp. Spread ; expanded ; dilated by an in- closed substance or force. DIS-TEND'ING, ppr. Stretching in all directions ; dilating; expanding. DIS-TEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or capacity of being distensible. DIS-TEN'SI-BLE, a. Capable of being distended or dilated. DIS-TEN'SION. See Distention. t DIS-TENT', a. Spread. Spenser. fDIS-TENT', n. Bre-idth. TVotto7i. DIS-TEN'TION, n. [x^ distentio.] 1. The act of distend- ing ; the act of stretcliing in breadth or in all directions ; the state of being distended. 2. Breadth ; extent or space occupied by the thing distended. 3. An opening, spread- ing or divarication. t DIS-TER', V. t. [L. dis and terra.] To banish from a coun- try. t DIS-TERM'I-NATE, a. [L. disterminatus.] Separated by bounds. Hale. tDIS-TERM-I-NA'TION, 7!. Separation. Hammond. DIS'THENE, n. [Gr. Sis and aOevos.] A mineral. t DIS-THRoNE', v. t. To dethrone. t DIS-THRoN'iZE, ??. t. To dethrone. Spenser. DIS'TICH, n. [L. disticJion.] A couplet ; a couple of verses or poetic lines, making complete sense ; an epigram of two verses. DIS'TI€H-OUS, ) a. Having two rows, or disposed in two DIS'TICH, S rows. Lee. DIS-TILL', V. i. [L. distillo.] 1. To drop ; to fall in drops. 2. To flow gently, or in a small stream. 3. To use a still; to practice distillation. DIS-TILL', V. t. 1. To let fall in drops ; to throw down in drops. 2. To extract by heat ; to separate spirit or es- sential oils from liquor by heat or evaporation. 3, To ex- tract spirit from, by evaporation and condensation, 4. To extract the pure part of a fluid. 5. To dissolve or melt. DIS-TILL' A-BLE, a. That may be distilled ; fit for distill- ation. DIS-TILL-A'TION, n. 1. The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring or throwing down in drops. 2, The operation of extracting spirit from a substance by evapo- ration and condensation ; rectification. 3. The substance extracted by distilling. 4. That which falls in drops, DIS-TILL'A TO-RY, a. Belonging to distillation ; used for distilling, DIS-TILL'ED, pp. Let fall or thrown down in drops ; sub- jected to the process of distillation ; extracted by evapo- ration. DIS-TILL'ER, n. One who distills; one whose occupa- tion is to extract spirit by evaporation and condensation. DIS-TILL'E-RY, n. I. The act or art of distilling. 2. The building and works where distilling is carried on. DIS-TILL'ING, ppr. Dropping; letting fall in drops; ex tracting by distillation. DIS-TILL'MENT, n. That which is drawn by distillation. DIS-TINCT', a. [L. distinctus.] 1. Literally, having the difference marked ; separated by a visible sign, or by a note or mark. 2. Different ; separate ; not the same in number or kind. 3, Separate in place ; not conjunct. 4. So separated as not to be confounded with any othei' thing; clear; not confused. 5. Spotted; variegated. DIS-TINCT', V. t. To distinguish. UsTot in 'use.] Chaucer. DIS-TINC'TION, n. [L. distinctio.] I, The act of sepa- rating or distinguishing. 2. A note or mark of difference. 3. Difference made ; a separation or disagreement in kind or qualities, by which one thing is known from another. 4. Difference regarded ; separation ; preference. 5. Sep- aration ; division. 6. Notation of difference ; discrimma- tion. 7. Eminence ; superiority ; elevation of rank in society, or elevation of character ; honorable estimation. 8. That which confers eminence or superiority ; office, rank or public favor. 9. Discernment ; judgment. DIS-TIN€T'IVE, a. 1. That marks distinction or differ- ence, 2. Having the power to distinguish and discern ; [less proper.] Brown. DIS-TINCT'IVE-LY, adv. With distinction ; plainly. DIS-TINCT'LY, adv. 1. Separately; with distmctness; not confusedly ; without the blending of one part or thing with another. 2. Clearly ; plainly, DIS-TINCT'NESS, 71, 1, The quality or state of being dis- tinct ; a separation or difference that prevents confusion of parts or things, 2, Nice discrimination ; whence, clearness ; precision, DIS-TIN'GUISH, V. t. [L, distinguo.] I. To ascertain and " indicate difference by some external mark. 2. To sepa- rate one thing from another by somo mark or quality ; to know or ascertain difference. 3. To separate or divide by any mark or quality which constitutes difference, 4, To discern critically ; to judge. 5. To separate from oth- ers by some mark of honor or preference. 6. To make eminent or known. DIS-TIN'GUISH, V. i. To make a distinction ; to find or show the difference, DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. 1, Capable of being distin- guished ; that may be separated, known or made known. 2, Worthy of note or special regard, DIS-TIN'GUISHED,pp, 1, Separated or known by a mark of difference, or by different qualities. 2. a. Separated from others by superior or extraordinary qualities ; whence, eminent ; extraordinary ; transcendent ; noted ; famous ; celebrated. DIS-TIN'GUISH-ER,w. 1. He or that which distinguishes, or that separates one thing from another by marks of di- versity. 2 One who discerns accurately the difference of things ; a nice or judicious observer. DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. 1. Separating from others by a note of diversity ; ascertaining difference by a mark. 2 Ascertaining, knowing or perceiving a differeiice, 3. a. Constituting difference, or distinction from every thing else ; peculiar. DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING-LY, adv. With distinction; with some mark of preference. Pope. PIS-TIN'GUISH-MENT, 71. Distinction; observation of difference. Oraunt. DIS-Tl'TLE, V. t. To deprive of right. B. Jonson. DIS-TORT', V. t. [L. distortus.] 1. To twist out of natu- ral or regular shape. 2. To force or put out of the true posture or direction. 3. To wrest from the true mean- ing; to pervert. DIS-TORT', a. Distorted. Spenser. DIS-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted out of natural or regular sliape ; wrested ; perverted. DIS-TORT'ING, ppr. Twisting out of shape ; wresting ; perverting. DIS-TOR'TION, 71. [h. distortio.] 1. The act of distorting or wresting ; a twisting out of regular shape ; a twisting or writhing motion. 2. The state of being twisted out of shape ; deviation from natural shape or position ; crook- edness ; grimace. 3. A perversion of the true meaning of words. DIS-TRA€T', V. t. [L. distractus. The old participle dis- traught is obsolete.] 1. Literally, to draw apart ; to pull in different directions, and separate. Hence, to divide , to separate ; to throw into confusion. 2. I'o turn or draw from any object; to divert from any point, towards an- other point, or toward various other objects. 3. To draw towards different objects ; to fill with different considera- tions ; to perplex ; Co confound ; to harass. 4. To disor- der the reason ; to derange the regular operations of in- tellect ; to render raving or furious. tDIS-TRACT', a. Mad. DIS-TRA€T'ED, pp. 1. Drawn apart ; drawn in different * See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE :— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete DIS DIS directions ; d-iverted firom its object ; perplexed ; harass- ed; confounded. 2. a. Deranged j disordered in intel- lect ; raving ; furious ; mad ; frantic. Locke. DIS-TRAeT'£D-LY, adv. Madly ; furiously ; wildly. Shak. DIS-TEA€T'ED-NESS, n. A state of being mad j mad- ness. DIS-TRA€T'EE, n. One who distracts. More. I)IS-TRA€T'ING, ppr. Drawing apart ; separating 5 di- verting from an object ; perplexing ; harassing ; disorder- ing the intellect. DIS-TRA€'TION, n. [L. distractio.] 1. The act of dis- tracting; a drawing apart; separation. 2. Confusion from a multiplicity of objects crowding on the mind and calling the attention different ways ; perturbation of mind ; perplexity. 3. Confusion of affau-s ; tumult ; dis- order. 4. Madness ; a state of disordered reason ; fran- ticness ; furiousness. 5. Folly in the extreme, or amount- ing to insanity. DIS~TRA€T'IVE, a. Causing perplexity. Dryden. DIS-TRaIN', v. t. [L. distringo.] 1. To seize for debt ; to take a personal chattel from tlie possession of a wrong- doer into tiie possession of the injured party, to satisfy a demand or compel the performance of a duty. 2. To rend ; to tear ; \obs.'] DIS-TRaIN', v. I. To make seizure of goods. DIS-TRaIN'A-BLE, a. That is liable to be taken for dis- tress. DIS-TRaIN'ED, (dis-trand') pp. Seized for debt, or to com- pel the performance of duty. DIS-TRaIN'ING, ppr. Seizing for debt, or for neglect of suit and service. DIS-TRaIN'OR, n. He who seizes goods for debt or ser- vice. t DIS-TRaINT', n. Seizure. Diet. t DIS-TRAUGHT'. See Distract. DIS-TReAM', v. i. So spread or flow over. DIS-TRESS-', n. [Fr. dotresse.] 1. The act of distraining ; the taking of any personal chattel from a wrong-doer, to answer a demand, or procure satisfaction for a wrong committed. 2. The thing taken by distraining ; that which is seized" to procure satisfaction. 3. Extreme pain ; anguish of body or mind. 4, Affliction ; calamity ; mis- ery. 5. A state of danger. DIS-TRESS', V. t. 1. To pain ; to afflict with pain or an- guish. 2. To afilict greatly; to harass ; to oppress with calamity ; to make miserable. 3. To compel by pain or suffering. DIS-TRESS'ED, (dis-tresf) pp. Suffering great pain or tor- ture ; severely afflicted ; harassed ; oppressed with ca- lamity or misfortune. DIS-TRESS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being greatly pained, DIS-TRESS'FUL, a. 1. Inflicting or bringing distress. 2. Indicating distress ; proceeding from pain or anguish. 3. Calamitous. 4. Attended with poverty. DIS-TRESS'ING, ppr. 1, Giving severe pain ; oppressing with affliction. 2. a. Very afflicting ; affecting with se- vere pain. DIS-TRIB'CJ-TA-BLE, c. That may be distributed ; that may be assigned in portions. Ramsay. DIS-TRIB'UTE, v. t. [L. distribm.] I. To divide among two or more ; to deal ; to give or bestow in parts or por- tions. 2. To dispense ; to administer. 3. To divide or separate, as into classes, orders, kinds or species. 4. To give in charity. — 5. In pnnting, to separate types, and place them in their proper cells in the cases. DIS-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Divided among a number ; dealt out ; assigned in portions ; separated ; bestowed. DIS-TRIB'U-TER, n. One who divides or deals out in parts ; one who bestows in portions ; a dispenser. DIS-TRTB'U-TING, ppr. Dividing among a number ; deal- ing out ; dispensing. DIS-TRI-BU'TION, n. [L. distributic] 1. The act of di- viding among a number ; a dealing in parts or portions. 2. The act of giving in charity ,"»a bestowing in parts. 3. Dispensation ; administration to numbers ; a rendering to individuals. 4. The act of separating into distinct parts or classes. — 5. In architecture, the dividing and disposing of the several parts of the building, according to some plan, or to the rules of the art. — 6. In rhetoric, a division and enumeration of the several qualities of a subject. — 7. In general, the division and disposition of the parts of any thing.— 8. In printing, the taking a form apart ; the separating of the types, and placing each letter in its proper cell in the cases. DIS-TRIB'Q-TlVE, a. 1. That distributes; that divides and assigns in portions ; that deals to each his proper share. 2. That assigns the various species of a general term. 3. That separates or divides. DIS-TRIB'U-TlVE, n. In grammar, a word that divides or distributes. DIS-TRTB'U-TIVE-LY, adv. By distribution ; singly ; not collectively. DFS-TRIB'U-TiVE-NESS, n. Desire of distributing. Fell. DIS'TRICT, n. [li. distnctus.] 1. Properly, a limited ex- tent of country ; a circuit within which power, right o? authority may be exercised, and to which it is restrained. 2. A region ; a territory within given lines. 3. A region ; a country ; a portion of territory without very definite limits. DIS'TSICT, V. t. To divide into districts or Ihnited por- tions of territory. JSTe-w Englaiid. DIS'TRI€T-€oURT, n. A court which has cognizance of certain causes within a district defined by law. DIS'TRICT-JUDGE, m. The judge of a district-court. U. States. DIS'TRI€T-S€HOOL, n. A school within a certain dis- trict of a town. J^ew England. DIS'TRI€T-ED, pp. Divided into districts or definite por- tions. DIS'TRI€T-ING, ppr Dividing into limited or definite portions. DIS-TRI€'TION, n. Sudden display. [Unusual.'] DIS-TRIN'GAS, n. In law, a writ commanding the sheriff to distrain a person for debt, or for his appearance at a certain day. DIS-TRUST', V. t. 1. To doubt or suspect the truth, fi- delity, firmness or sincerity of ; not to confide in or rely on. 2. To doubt ; to suspect not to be real, true, sincere or firm. DIS-TRUST', n. 1. Doubt or suspicion of reality or sincer- ity ; want of confidence, faith or reliance. 2. Discredit ; loss of confidence. DIS-TRUST'ED, ^. Doubted; suspected. DIS-TRUST'FIJL, a. 1. Apt to distrust; suspicious. 2. Not confident ; diffident. 3. Diffident ; modest. DIS-TRUST'FUL-LY, adv. In a distrustful manner. DIS-TRUST'FtJL-NESS, n. The state of being distrustful ; want of confidence. DIS-TRUST'ING, ppr. Doubting the reality or sincerity of; suspecting ; not relying on or confiding in. DIS-TRUST'LESS, a. Free from distrust or suspicion. t DIS-TuNE', V. t. To put out of tune. Wotton. DIS-TURB',17. t. [Sp. disturbar ; L. disturbc] 1. To stir; to move ; to discompose ; to excite from a state of rest or tranquillity. 2. To move or agitate ; to disquiet ; to ex- cite uneasiness or a slight degree of anger in the mind ; to move the passions ; to ruffle. 3. To move from any reg- ular course or operation ; to interrupt regular order ; to make irregular. 4. To interrupt ; to hinder ; to incom- mode. 5. To turn off from any direction ; with from ; [umisual.'] t DIS-TURB', n. Confusion ; disorder. Milton. DIS-TURE'ANCE, n. 1. A sturing or excitement ; any dis- quiet or interruption of peace. 2. Interruption of a settled state of things ; disorder ; tumult. 3. Emotion of the mind ; agitation ; excitement of passion ; perturbation. 4. Disorder of thoughts ; confusion. — 5. In law, the hinder- ing or disquieting of a person in the lawful and peaceable enjoyment of his right ; the interruption of a right. DIS-TURB'ED, (dis-turl3d') pp. Stirred ; moved ; excited ; discomposed ; disquieted ; agitated ; uneasy. DIS-TURB'ER, n. 1. One who disturbs or disquiets ; a vio- lator of peace. 2. He or that which excites passion or agi- tation ; he or that which causes perturbation. — 3. In law, one tiiat interrupts or incommodes anotlier in the peacea- ble enjoyment of his right. DIS-TURB'ING, ppr. Moving ; exciting ; rendering un- easy ; making a tumult ; interrupting peace ; incommod- ing the quiet enjoyment of. t DIS-TURN', V. t. To turn aside. Daniel. t DIS-U'NI-FORM, a. Not uniform. Coventry. DIS-UN'ION, n. Separation ; disjunction ; or a state of not being united. It sometimes denotes a breach of concord, and itseffect, contention. DIS-U-NlTE', V. t. To separate ; to disjoin ; to part. DIS-U-NlTE', V. i. To part ; to fall asunder ; to become separate. DIS-U-NlT'ED, pp. Separated ; disjoined. DIS-U-NlT'ER, n. He or that which disjoins. DIS-U-NlT'ING, ppr. Separating ; parting. DIS-U'NI-TY, 71. A state of separation. More. DIS-U'SAGE, n. Gradual cessation of use or custom ; neg lect of use, exercise or practice. DIS-USE', n. 1. Cessation of use, practice or exercise. 2 Cessation of custom ; desuetude! DIS-USE', v.t. 1. To cease to use ; to neglect or omit to practice. 2. To disaccustom. DIS-US'ED, (dis-yuzd') pp. 1. No longer used ; obsolete, as words, &c. 2. Disaccustomed. DIS-US'ING, (dis-yuz'ing) ppr. Ceasing to use ; disaccus- toming. DIS-VAL-U-a'TION, n. Disesteem ; disreputation. DIS-VAL'UE, V. t. To undervalue ; to disesteem. DIS-VAL'UE, n. Disesteem; disregard. B. Jonson. DIS-VOUCH', V. t. To discredit ; to contradict. t DIS-WARN', V. t. [dis and warn.] To direct by previous notice." DIS-WIT'TED, a. Deprived of wits or understanding Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, Zo??"-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRE ir;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— ^ Obsclete DIV 267 DIV DIS-W6NT', V. t. To wean'; to deprive of wonted usage. DIS-WoR'SHIP, n. Cause of disgrace. Barret. ■\ DIT, n. A ditty. Spenser, fDIT, V. t. [Sax. dyttan.] To close up. More. tDI-TA'TION, n. {li.ditatus.] The ac* of making rich. DITCH, n. [Sax. die ; D. dyk.] 1. A trench in the earth made by digging. 2. Any long, hollow receptacle of wa- ter. DITCH, V. i. To dig or make a ditch or ditches. DITCH, V. t. 1. To dig a ditch or ditches in ; to drain by a ditch. 2. To surround with a ditch. DITCH'-DE-LIV'ERED, a. Brought forth in a ditch. Shak. DITCH'ER, n. One who digs ditches. DITCH'ING, ppr. Digging ditches ; also, draining by a ditch or ditches. Di-TET-RA-He'DRAL, a. In crystalography, having the form of a tetrahedral prism with dihedral summits. DITH'Y-RAMB, or DITH-Y-RAMB'US, n. [Gr. hdvpaix- fios.] In ancient poetry, a hymn in honor of Bacchus. DITH-Y-RAMB'I€, w. 1. A song in honor of Bacchus, in which the wildness of intoxication is imitated. 2. Any poem written in wild, enthusiastic strains. DTTH-Y-RAMB'I€, a. Wild ; enthusiastic. Cowley. Di"TION, 71. [L. ditio.] Rule ; power ; government ; do- minion. Evelyn, Dl'TONE, n. [Gr. Sig and rovos,] In music, an interval comprehending two tones. DIT-RI-He'DRI-A, n. [Gr. Sig, rpeig and eSpa.] In min- eralogy, a genus of spars, with six sides or planes. DIT-TAN'DER, n> Pepper-wort, lepidium, a genus of plants. Encyc, DIT'TA-NY, n. [L. dictamnus,] A plant. DIT'TIED, a. Sung ; adapted to music. Milton. DIT'TO, contracted into do, in books of accounts, is the Italian detto, from L. dictum, dicius, said. It denotes said, aforesaid, or the same thing; an abbreviation used to save repetition. DIT'TY, n. A song ; a sonnet ; or a little poem to be sung. DIT'TY, V. i To sing ; to warble a little tune. Herbert. Dl-U-RET'I€, a, [Gr. SiovpvnKog,] Having the power to provoke urine ; tending to produce discharges of urine. Dl-U-RET'IC, 71. A medicine that provokes urine. Dl-URN'AL, a. [L. diurnus.] I. Relating to a day ; per- taining to the day time 2. Daily ; happening every day ; performed in a day. 3 Performed in 24 hours. — 4. In medicine, an epithet of diseases whose exacerbations are m the day time. Dl-URN'AL, n. A day-book ; a journal. See Journal. t Di-URN'AL-IST, n, A journalist. Hall. Dl-URN'AL-LY, adv. Daily ; every day. Dl-U-TURN'AL, a. Lasting ; being of long continuance. DT-U-TURN'I-TY, n. [L. diutumitas.] Length of time ; long duration. Brown. DI-VAN', n. [Ar., Pers. diiDan."] 1. Among the Turks and other orientals, a court of justice, or a council. 2. A coun- cil-chamber ; a hall ; a court. 3. Any council assembled. DI-VAR'I-€ATE, v. i. [L. divaricatus.] To open ; to fork ; to part into two branches. DI-VAR'I-€ATE, v. t. To divide into two branches. DI-VAR'I-CATE, a. In botany, standing out wide. DI-VAR'I-€A-TED, pp. Parted into two branches. DI-VAR'T-€A-TING, ppr. Parting; into two branches. DI-VAR-I-€a'TION, n. I. A parting ; a forking ; a separa- tion into two branches. 2. A crossing or intersection of fibres at dilFerent angles. DIVE, V. i. [Sax. dyfan,] I. To descend or plunge into wa- ter, as an animal head first ; to thrust the body into water or other liquor, or, if already in water, to plunge deeper. 2. To go deep into any subject. 3. To plunge into any business or condition, so as to be thoroughly engaged in it. 4. To sink ; to penetrate. DIVE, V. t. To explore by diving. [Rare.'] Denham. Di'VEL, n. A large cartilaginous fish, with a bifurcated snout. DI-VEL'LENT, a. [L. divellens.} Drawing asunder ; sep- arating. DT-VEL'LI-€ATE, v. t. To pull in pieces. DiV'ER, n. 1. One who dives ; one who plunges head first into water ; one who sinks by elfort. 2. One who goes deep into a subject, or enters deep into study. 3. A fowl, so called from diving. t Dx'VERB, 71. A proverb. Burton. DI-VER6E', (di-verjO v. i. [i.. diverge.'] To tend from one point and recede from each other ; to shoot, extend or proceed from a point in different directions, or not in par- allel lines. DI-VERG'ENCE, n. A receding from each other ; a going farther apart. Gregory. DI-VER6'ENT, a. Departing or receding from each otlier, as lines which proceed from the same point. DI-VER6'ING, ppr Receding from each other, as they pro- ceed. DI-VER6'ING-LY, adv. In a diverging manner. DI'VERS, a. [Pr. divers ; L. dioersus.] 1. Different ; va»% ous. [This IS now generally written diverse.] 2. Several ,' sundry ; more than one, but not a great number. Di'VERS-CoL'ORED, a. Having various colors. Shak. Dl'VERSE, a. [L. diversus.] 1. Different ; differing. 2. Dif- ferent from itself; various ; multiform. 3. In different di- rections. t DI-VERSE', (di-vers') v. i. To turn aside. Spenser. DI-VERS-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1 . The act of changing forma or qualities, or of making various. 2. Variation ; variega- tion. 3. Variety of forms. 4. Change ; alteration. DI-VERS'I-FiED, pp. 1. Made various in form or qualities ; variegated ; altered. 2. a. Distinguished by various forms, or by a variety of objects. DI-VERS'I-FORM, a. [L. diversus a,nd forma.'] Of a differ- ent form ; of various forms. Diet. DI-VERS'I-F'?, V. t. [Fr. diversifier.] 1. To make different or various in form or qualities ; to give variety to ; to va- riegate. 2. To give diversity to ; to distinguish by differ ent things.— 3. In oratory, to vary a subject, by enlarging on what has been briefly stated, by brief recapitulation, by adding new ideas, by transposing words or periods, &c. Dl-VERS'I-FY-ING, ppr. Making various in form or quau- ties ; giving variety to ; variegating. DI-VER'SION, «. [Fr.] 1. The act of turning aside from any course. 2. That which diverts ; that wTiich turns or draws tlie mind from care, business or study, and thus re- laxes and amuses ; sport ; play ; pastime ; whatever un- bends the mind.— 3. In war, the act of drawing the atten- tion and force of an enemy from the point where the prin- cipal attack is to be made. DI-VERS'I-TY, n. [L. diversitas.] 1. Difference ; dissimili tude ; unlikeness. 2. Variety. 3. Distinct beipg, as op posed to identity. 4. Variegation. DI'VERS-LY, adv. 1. In different ways ; differently ; vari ously. 2. In different directions ; to different points. DI-VERT', v. t. [L. diverto.] 1. To turn off from any course, direction or intended application ; to turn aside. 2. To turn the mind from business or study ; hence, to please ; to amuse ; to entertain ; to exhilarate. 3. To draw the forces of an enemy to a different point. 4. To subvert ; [not in 21.se.] Shak. DI-VERT'ED, pp. Turned aside ; turned or drawn from any course, or from the usual or intended direction ; pleased ; amused ; entertained. DI-VERT'ER, 71. He or that which diverts, turns off, or pleases. t DI-VERT'I-€LE, n. [L. diverticulum.] A turning ; a by- way. Hale. DI-VERT'ING, ppr. 1. Turning off from any course ; pleas- ing ; entertaining. 2. a. Pleasing ; amusing ; entertain- ing. * t Di-VER-TlSE', V. t. [Fr. divertir.] To divert ; to please. Dryden . DI-VJERT'ISE-MENT, n. Diversion. [Little used.] Ori- ginally, a certain air or dance between the acts of the French opera, or a musical composition. DI-VERT'IVE, a. Tending to divert ; amusing. DI-VEST', 7;. t. [Fr. devetir.] 1. To strip of clothes, arms or equipage ; opposed to invest. 2. To deprive. 3. To deprive or strip of any thing that covers, surrounds or at- tends ; as, to divest one of his glory. DI-VEST'ED, pp. Stripped ; undressed ; deprived. DI-VEST'ING, ppr. Stripping ; putting off; depriving. DT-VEST'I-TURE, ) n. The act of stripping, putting off, or DI-VEST'URE, \ depriving. Boyle. DI-VID'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be divided; 2. Separate ; parted ; [not used.] Shak. fDi-VID'ANT, a. Different; separate. Shak. DI-ViDE', V. t. [L. divido.] I. To part or separate an entire thing ; to part a thing into two or more pieces. 2. To cause to be separate ; to keep apart by a partition, or by an imaginary line or limit. 3. To make partition of, among a number. 4. To open ; to cleave. 5. To disunite in opinion or interest ; to make discordant. 6. To distribute ; to separate and bestow in parts or shares. 7. To make dividends ; to apportion the interest or profits of stock among proprietors. 8. To separate into two parts, for as- certaining opinions for and against a measure. DI-VlDE', V. i. 1. To part ; to open ; to cleave. 2. To break friendship. Shak. 3. To vote by the division of a legisla- tive house into two parts. Oibbon. DI-ViD'ED,,p7>. Parted ; disunited ; distributed. DI-VrD'ED-LY, adv. Separately. Knatchbull. DIV'I-DEND, n. 1. A part or share ; particularly, the share of the interest or profit of stock in trade or other employ- ment, which belongs to each proprietor according to his proportion of the stock or capital.— 2. In arithmetic, the number to be divided into equal parts. DI-VID'ER, n. 1. He or that which divides ; that which separates into parts. 2. A distributor ; one who deals out to each his share. 3. He or that which disunites. 4. A kind of compasses. * See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in fftis t ObsotHe DIV 268 DOC DI-VID'INGr, ■ppr. 1. Parting ; separating ; distributing ; dis- uniting ; apportioning to each his sliare, 2. a. That indi- cates separation or difference. DI-VID'ING, n. Separation. DI-VID'U-AL, a. [L, di'oiiuus.'\ Divided, shared or parti- cipated in common with others. \Little used.'\ DIV-I-Na'TION, 71. [L. dimnaiAoP^ 1. The act of divining ; a foretelling future events, or discovering things secret or obscure, by the aid of superior beings, or by other than human means. 2. Conjectural presage ; prediction. Skak. DIV'I-NA-TOR, n. One who pretends to divination. DI-VIN'A-TO-RY, a. Professing divination. DI-VlNE*, a. [L. dlvvmis.'] 1. Pertaining to the true God. 2. Pertaining to a heathen deity, or to false gods. 3. Par- taking of the nature of God. 4. Proceeding from God ; as, divine judgments. 5. Godlike ; heavenly ; excellent in the highest degree ; extraofc-dinary ; apparently above what is human. 6. Presageful ; foreboding ; prescient ; \not use,d.'\ 7. Appropriated to God, or celebrating his praise. DI-ViNE', w. 1. A minister of the gospel ; a priest ; a cler- gyman. 2. A man skilled in divinity ; a theologian. DI-ViNE', V. t. [L. divino.] 1. To foreknow ; to foretell ; to presage. 2. To deify ; [not in use.'] Spenser. DI-VINE', V. i. I. To use or practice divination. 2. To ut- ter presages or prognostications. 3. To have presages or forebodings. 4 To guess or conjecture. DI-VlNE'LY, adv. 1. In a divine or godlike manner ; in a manner resembling deify. 3. By the agency or influence of God. 3. Excellently ; in the supreme degree. DI-VlNE'NESS, 71. 1. Divinity ; participation of the divine nature ; [little used.] 2. Excellence in the supreme de- gree. DI-VlN'ER, 71. I. One who professes divination ; one who pretends to predict events, or to reveal occult things, by the aid of superior beings, or of supernatural means. 2. One who guesses ; a conjecturer. DI-ViNE'RESS, 71. A female diviner ; a woman professing divination. Dryden. DIVING, ppr. 1. Plunging or sinking into water or other liquid ; applied to animals on^tf. 2. Going deep info a sub- ject. DIVING-BELL, n. A hollow vessel, in form of a truncated cone or pyramid, with the smaller base close, and the larger one open, in which a pei-son may descend into deep water, and remain till the inclosed air ceases to be respir- able. DI-VlN'I-FlED, a. Participating of the divine nature. DI-VIN'I-TY, n. [L. diviintas.] 1. The state of being di- vine ; Deity ; Godhead ; the nature or essence of God. 2. God ; the Deity ; the Supreme Being. 3. A false god ; a pretended deity of pagans. 4. A celestial being, inferior to the Supreme God, but superior to man. 5. Something supernatural. 6. The science of divine things ; the sci- ence which unfolds the character of God, his laws and moral government, the duties of man, and the v/ay of sal- vation ; theology. DI-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. divisibiUte.] The quality of be- ing divisible ; the property of bodies by which their parts or component particles are capable of separation. DI-VIS'[-BLE, a. [h. dlvinbilis.] Capable of division ; that may be separated or disunited ; separable. DI-VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Divisibility 5 capacity of being separated. DI-Vi"SJON, 71. [h.divisio.] L The act of dividing or sep- arating into parts, any entire body. 2. The state of being divided. 3. That which divides or separates ; that which keeps apart ; partition. 4, The part separated from the rest by a partition or line, real or imaginary. 5. A sep- arate body of men. 6. A part or distinct portion. 7. A part of an army or militia. 8. A part of a fleet, or a select number of ships under a commander, and distinguished by a particular flag or pendant. 9. Disunion ; discord ; variance ; difference. 10. Space between the notes of music, or the dividing of the tones. IL Distinction. 12. The separation of voters in a legislative house.— 13. In arithmetic, the dividing of a number or quantity into any parts assigned ; or the rule by which is found how many times one number is contained in another. DI-Vi"SION-AL, ) a. Pertaining to division : noting or DI-Vi''SION-A-RY, ^ making division. t DI-W'SION-ER, n. One who divides. Sheldon. DI-Vl'STVE, a. 1. Forming division or distribution. Mede. 2. Creating division or discord. Burnet. DI-Vr'SOR, 71. In arithmetic, the number by which the div- idend is divided. DI-VoRCE', 71 [Fr. divorce.'] I. A legal dissolution of the bonds of matrimony, or the separation of husband and wife by a judicial sentence. 2. The separation of a mar- ried woman from the bed and board of her husband, a mensa et thoro. 3. Separation ; disunion of things closely United. 4. The sentence or writing by which marriage is dissolved. 5. The cause of any penal separation. DI-VoRCE', V. t. 1. To dissolve the marriage contract, and thus to separate husband and wife. 2. To separate, as a married woman from the bed and board of her husband 3. To separate or disunite things closely connected ; to force asunder. 4. To take away 3 to put away. DI-VoR'CED, (de-v6rst') pp. Separated by a dissolution of the marriage contract ; separated from bed and board j parted ; forced asunder. DI-VORCE'MENT, ?i. Divorce ; dissolution of the marriage tie. DI-VoR'CER, n. 1. The person or cause that produces di- vorce. 2. One of a sect called divorcers, said to have sprung from Milton. DI-VoR'CING, ppr. Dissolving the marriage contract ; sep- arating from bed and board ; disuniting. DI-VoR'CIYE, a. Having power to divorce. Milton. DI-VUL'GATE, a. Published. [Little used.] DIV-UL-Ga'TION, 71. The act of divulging or publishing. DI-VUL6E', (de-vulj') v. t. [L. divulgo.] 1. Tomake public ; to tell or make known something before private or secret j to reveal ; to disclose. 2. To declare by a public act ; to proclaim ; [unusual.] DI-VUL'GED, (de-vulj .1') pp. Made public; revealed j dis- closed ; published. DI-VUL'6ER, n. One who divulges or reveals. DI-VUL'GING, ppr. Disclosing ; publishing ; revealing. DI-VUL'SION, 71. [L. divulsio.] The act of pulling or plucking awav ; a rending asunder. DI-VUL'SIVE,'a. That pulls asunder ; that rends. DIZ'EN, (diz'n) v. t. To dress gayly ; to deck. Swift. This word is nearly obsolete. fDIZZ, V. t. To astonish ; to puzzle ; tomake dizzy. t DIZ'ZARD, 71. A blockhead. DIZ'ZI-NESS, 71. Giddiness ; a whirling in the head ; ver- tigo. DIZ'ZY, a. [Sax. dysi, or dysig.] 1. Giddy ; having a sensa- tion of whirling in the head, with instability or proneness to fall; vertiginous. 2. Causing giddiness. 3. Giddy; thoughtless ; heedless. DIZ'ZY, V. t. To whirl round ; to make giddy ; to confuse. DO, V. t. or auxiliary ; pret. did ; pp. done. This verb, when transitive, is formed in the indicative present tense, thus, I do, thou doest, he does, or doth ; when auxiliary, the second person is, thou dost. [Sax. don ; D. doen.] 1. To perform ; to execute ; to carry into effect. 2. To prac- tice ; to perform. 3. To perform for the benefit or injury of another; with for or to. 4. To execute ; to discharge • to convey. 5. To perform ; to practice ; to observe. 6. To exert. 7. To transact. 8. To finish ; to execute or trans- act and bring to a conclusion. 9. To perform in an exigen- cy ; to have recourse to, as a consequential or last effort ; to take a step or measure. 10. To make or cause ; [obs.] 11. To put; [obs.] 12. To answer the purpose. — To have to do, to have concern with.— To do with, to dispose of; to make use of ; to employ. — To do away, to remove ; to de- stroy ; as, to do away imperfections. DO, V. i. 1. To act or behave, in any manner, well or ill ; to conduct one's self. 2. To fare ; to be m a state with regard to sickness or health. 3. To succeed ; to accom- plish a purpose. Also, to fit ; to be adapted. — To have to do with, to have concern or business with ; to deal with. Also, to have carnal commerce with.— Do is used for a verb, to save the repetition of it.— X>o is also used in the imperative, to express an urgent request or command. — As an auxiliary, do is used in asking questions. — Do is also used to express emphasis Do is sometimes a mere expletive. DO, 71. See Dos and Ado. Do'LIT-TLE, 71. A term of contempt for him who professes much and performs little. DoAT. See Dote. * Do'CI-BLE, a. Teachable ; docile ; tractable ; easily taught or managed. Milton. jDo'CENT, a. ['L. docens.] Teaching. Mp. Laud. DOC-I-BIL'I-TY, ) 71. Teachableness ; docility ; readiness Do'CI-BLE-NESS, \ to learn. * Do'ClLE, or DOCILE, a. [L. docilis.] Teachable ; easily instructed ; ready to learn ; tractable ; easily managed. DO-CIL'I-TY, 71. Teachableness ; readiness to learn ; apt- ness to be taught. Do'CI-MA-CY, 71. [Gr. SoKi/xacna.] The art or practice of as- saying metals ; metallurgy. DO-CI-MAS'Tie, a. [Gr. SoKiixaarLKos.] Properly, assay ing, proving by experiments, or relating to the assaying of metals. DOCK, 71. [Sax. docce.] A genus of plants. DOCK, V. t. [W. tociaw, and twciaw.] 1. To cut off, as the end of a thing ; to curtail ; to cut short ; to clip. 2. To cut off" a part ; to shorten ; to deduct from. 3. To cut off", destroy or defeat ; to bar. 4. To bring, draw or place a ship in a dock. DOCK, 71. 1. The tail of a beast cut short or clipped ; the stump of a tail ; the solid part of the tail. 2. A case of leather to cover a horse's dock. Svnpvsis. A. E, T, o, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete *See DOD 269 DOG DOCK, n. A broad, deep, trench on the side of a harbor, or bank of a river, in which ships are built or repaired. —In America, the spaces between wharves are called docks, DO€K'-YARD, n. A yard, or magazine, near a harbor, for containing all kinds of naval stores and timber. DO€K'ET, n. [W. tociaw ] 1. A small piece of paper or parchment, containing the heads of a writing Also, a subscription at the foot of letters patent, by the clerk of the dockets. 2. A bill, tied to goods, containing some di- rection. 3. An alphabetical list of cases in a court, or a catalogue of the names of the parties who have suits de- pending in a court. DO€K'ET, V. t. 1. To make an abstract or summary of the heads of a writing or writings ; to abstract and enter in a book. Blackstone. 2. To enter in a docket; to mark the contents of papers on the back of them. 3. To mark with a docket. Chesterfield. DO€K'ING, ppr. Clipping; cutting off the end ; placing in a dock. DO€K'ING, n. The act of drawing, as a ship, into a dock. DO€'TOR, n. [L.,fromiled by order of William the Conqueror, containing a survey of all the lands in England. DOOMS'MAN. See Domes man. DoOR, (dore) n. [Sax. dora, dur, dure.] 1. An opening or passage into a house, or other building, or into any room, apartment or closet, by which persons enter. 2. The frame of boards, or any piece of board or plank, that shuts the opening of a house, or closes the entrance into an apartment or any inclosure, and usually turning on hinges. — 3. In familiar language, a, house; often in the plural, doors. 4. Entrance. Dryden. 5. Avenue ; pas- sage ; means of approach or access.— To lis at the door, in a. figurative sense, is to be imputable or chargeable to one. — J\rezt door to, near to ; bordering on. — In doors, within ^he house ; at home. DoOR'-€ASE, n. The frame which incloses a door. fDoORTNG, 7!. A door-case. Milton. DoOR'-KEEP-ER, n. A porter ; one who guards the en- trance of a house or apartment. DoOR'-NaIL, n. The nail on which the knocker formerly DoOR'-PoST, 71. The post of a door. DoOR'-STEAD, n. Entrance or place of a door. DOGl'UET, (dok'et) n, A warrant ; a paper granting li- cense. See Docket. DOR, or DORR, n. The name of the black beetle, or the hedge-chafer. DO-Ra'DO, 71. [Sp. dorado.] 1. A southern constellation, containing six stars. 2. A large fish resembling the dolphin. DO-REE', 71. A fish of the genus leus, D6'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Doris in Greece. DOR'IO, a. In general, pertaining to Doris, or the Dorians, in Greece, — In architecture, noting the second order of columns, between the Tuscan and Ionic. DOR'I-CISM, or DO RISM, n. A phrase of the Doric dialect. DOR'MAN-CY, n. auiescence. Eorsley. DOR'MANT, a. [Fr. dormir.] 1. Sleeping ; hence, at rest ; not in action. 2. Being in a sleeping posture. 3. Neg- lected ; not used. 4. Concealed ; not divulged ; private; [unusual.] 5. Leaning ; inclining ; not perpendicular. DOR'MANT, ) . , DOR'MAR i'"- ^ beam ; a sleeper. DOR MAR, )n. A window in the roof of a DOR'MAR-WIN'DoW, S house, or above the entablature. DOR'MI-TiVE, n. [L. dormio.] A medicine to promote sleep ; an opiate. Arbuthnot. DOR'Mi-TO-RY, 7?. [L. dormUonum.] 1. A place, building or room to sleep in. 2. A gallery Li convents, divided into several cells, where the religious sleep. 3. A burial-place. DOR'MOUSE, «. ; plu. Dormice. An animal of the mouse kind. DORN, n. [G. dom.] A fish. Carew. DGR'NIC, 7). Aspeciesof linen cloth ; also linsey-woolsey. fDo'RON, n. [Gr. 5wpov.] 1. A gift ; a present. 2= A measure of three inches. DORP, 71. [G. dorf; D. dorp.] A small villagp. DORR. See Dor. t DORR, V. t. To deafen with noise. tDOR'RER, 71. A drone. DOR'SAL, a. [L. dorsum.] Pertaining to the back. DORSE, n. A canopv. Sutton. DOR'SEL. . See Dosser. DOR-SIF'ER-OIS, ) a. In botany, bearing or producing DOR-SIP' AR-OUS, \ seeds on the back of their leaves. DORSUM, 71. [L.] The ridge of a hill. Walton. t DOR'TURE, 71. A dormitory. Bacon. DOSE, 7!. [Fr. rfoA-e.] 1. The quantity of medicine given or prescribed to be taken at one time. 2. Any thing given to be swallowed ; any thing nauseous, that one is obliged to take. 3. A quantity; a portion. 4. As much as a rnan can swallow. DOSE, V. t. [Fr. doser.] 1. To proportion a medicine prop- erly to the patient or disease ; to form into suitable duses 2. To give in doses ; to give medicine or physic. 3. To give any thing nauseous. DOS'SER, 71. [Fr. dossier.] carried on the shoulders of men A pannier, or basket, to be DOS'SIL, 7!. In surgery, a pledget or portion of lint made into a cylindric form, or the shape of a date. DoST. (dust) The second person of rfo, used in the solemn style ; thou dost. DOT, n. A small point or spot, made with a pen or other pointed instrument ; a speck ; used in marking a wiiting or other thinsf. DOT, V. t. 1. To mark with dots. 2. To mark or diversify with small detached objects. DOT, V. i. To make dots or spots. Do'TAGE, 71. 1. Feebleness or imbecility of understanding or mind, particularly in old age ; childishness of old age 2. A doting ; excessive fondness. 3. Deliriousness. Dotal, a. [l^.dotalis.] Pertaining to dower, or a wo- man's marriage portion ; constituting dower or comprised in it. Do'TARD, 71. 2. A man whose intellect is impaired by age ; one in his second childhood. 2. A doting fellow ; one foolishlv fond. Do'TARD-LY, a. Like a dotard ; weak. Jlfore. DO-Ta'TION, 71. [1j. dotatio.] 1. The a"t of endowing, or of bestowing a marriage portion on a woman. 2. Endow- ment ; establishment offunds for support; as of a hospital or eleemosynary corporation. DOTE, V. i. [D. dutten.] 1. To be delirious ; to have the ♦ See Synopsis MOVE, BOQK, DoVE ;-Bp:LL, UNITE.-€ as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete DOU 272 DOU intellect impaired by age, so that the mind wanders or wavers ; to be silly. 2. To be excessively in love. 3. To decay. DOTE, v.i. To decay ; to wither ; to impair. DoT'ED, a. Stupid. Spenser. DoT'ER, n. 1. One who dotes ; a man whose understand- ing is enfeebled by age ; a dotard. 2. One who is exces- sively fond, or weakly in love. DoTH. (duth) The third person in-egular of do, used in the solemn style. DoT'ING, ppr. Regarding with excessive fondness. DoT'ING-LY, ado. By excessive fondness. Dryden. IjOT'TARD, 7t. A tree kept low by cutting. Bacon. DOT'TED, pp. 1. Marked with dots or small spots ; diver- sified with small detached objects.— 2. In botany, sprinkled with hollow dots or points. DOT'TER-EL, n. The name of different species of fowls, of the genus charadrius and the grallic order. DOT'TING, ppr. Marking with dots or spots ; diversifying with small detached objects. DOU-A-NIER', K. [Fr.] An officer of the customs. Gray. DOUB'LE, (dub'l) a. [Fr. double.] 1. Two of a sort to- gether ; one corresponding to the other ; being in pairs. 2. Twice as much 5 containing the same quantity or length repeated. 3. Having one added to another. 4. Twofold 3 also, of two kinds. 5. Two in number. 6. Deceitful j acting two parts, one openly, the other in DOUB'LE, (dub'l) adv. Twice. Swift. DOUB'LE, in compiosition, denotes two ways, or twice the number or quantity. DOUB'LE-BANKED, a. In seaman^Jup, having two oppo- site oars managed by rowers on the same bench. DOUB'LE-BlT'ING, a. Biting or cutting on either side. DOUB'LE-BUT'TONED, a. Having two rows of buttons. DOUB'LE-CHAR6E, v.t. To charge or intrust with a double portion. DOUB'LE-DkAL'ER, n. One who acts two different parts, in the same business, or at the same time ; a deceitful, trickish person j one who says one thing, and thinks or intends another ; one guilty of duplicity. DOUB'LE-DeAL ING, n. Artifice ; duplicity ; deceitful practice ; the profession of ono thing and the practice of another. DOUB'LE-DYE, v. t. To dye twice over. Dryden. DOUB'LE-EDGED, a. Having two edges. DOUB'LE-EN-TEN'DRE, (doo'bl-on-fan'dr) m. [Fr,] Double meaning of a word or expression. DOUB'LE-E-?ED, a. Having a deceitful countenance. DOUB'LE-FACE, n. Duplicity ; the acting of different parts in the same concern. DOUB'LE-FaCED, a. Deceitful ; hypocritical j showing two faces. Milton. DOUB'LE-FORMED, «. Of a mixed form. Milton. DOUB'LE-FOR'TI-FiED, a. Twice fortified ; doubly strengthened. DOUB'LE-FOUNT'ED, a. Having two sources. Milton. DOUB'LE-GILD, v. t. To gild with double coloring. Shak. DOUB'LE-HAND'ED, a. Having two hands : deceitful. DOUB'LE-HEAD'ED, a. 1. Having two heads. 2. Having the flowers growing one to another. Mortimer. DOUB'LE-HEART'ED, a. Having a false heart 5 deceitful ; treacherous. DOUB'LE-LOCK, v. t. To shoot the bolt twice ; to fasten with double security. Tatler. DOUB'LE-MANNED, a. Furnished with twice the com- plement of men, or with two men instead of one. DOUB'LE-MeAN'ING, a. Having two meanings. DOUB'LE-MIND'ED, a. Having different minds at differ- ent times ; unsettled ; wavering ; unstable ; undetermined. DOUB'LE-MOUTHED, a. Having two mouths. DOUB'LE-Na'TURED, a. Having a two-fold nature. DOUB'LE-Oe'TAVE, n. In music, an interval com of two octaves or fifteen notes in diatonic progression ; a fifteenth. DOUB'LE-PLeA, n. In law, a plea in which the defend- ant alledges two different matters in bar of the action. DOUB'LE-aUAR'REL, n. A complaint of a clerk to the archbishop against an inferior ordinary, for delay of justice. DOUB'LE-SHADE, v. t. To double the natural darkness of a place. Milton. DOUFLE-SHlN'ING, a. Shining with double lustre. DOUB'LE-THREAD'ED, a. Consisting of two threads twisted together. DOUB'LE-ToNGUED, a. Making contrary declarations on the same subject at different times ; deceitful. DOUB'LE, (dub'l) ?). «. [Fr. doubler.] 1. To fold. 2. To increase or extend by adding an equal sum, value, quan- tity or length. 3. To contain twice the sum, quantity or length, or twice as much. 4. To repeat ; to add, 5. To add one to another in the same order. — C. In navigation, to double a cape or point, is to sail round it, so that the cape or point shall be between the ship and her former situation, — 7. In military affairs, to unite two ranks or files in one. — To double and twist, is to add one thread to another and twist them together. — To double upon, in tactics, is to inclose between two fires. DOUB'LE, v.i. 1. To increase to twice the sum, number, value, quantity or length ; to increase or grow to twice aa much. 2. To enlarge a wager to twice the sum laid. 3 To turn back or wind in running. 4. To play tricks ; to use sleights. DOUB'LE, n. 1. Twice as much ; twice the number, sum, value, quantity or length. 2. A turn in running to escape pursuers. 3. A trick ; a shift ; an artifice to deceive. DOUB'LED, (dub'bld) pp. Folded ; increased by adding an equal quantity, sum or value ; repeated 5 turned or passed round. DOUB'LE-NESS, (dub'bl-nes) n. I. The state of being doubled. 2. Duplicity. DOUB'LER, r.. 1. He that doubles. 2. An instrument for augmenting a very small quantity of electricity, so as to render it manifest by sparks or the electrometer. DOUB'LET, n. [Fr. doublet.] 1. The inner garment of a man ; a waistcoat or vest. 2. Two ; a pair. 3. Among lapidaries, a counterfeit stone. DOUB'LE TS, 71. 1. A game on dice within tables. 2. The same number on both dice. 3. A double meaning. DOUB'LING, |7pr. Making twice the sum, number or quan- tity ; repeating ; passing round ; turning to escape. DOUB'LING, n. The act of making double ; also, a fold ; a plait ; also, an artifice ; a shift. DOUB-LOON', n. [Fr. doublon ; Sp. doblon.] A Spanish and Portuguese coin, being double the value of the pistole. DOUB'LY, adv. In twice the quantity j to twice the de- gree. DOUBT, (dout) V. i. [Fr. douter.] 1. To waver or fluctu- ate in opinion ; to hesitate ; to be in suspense ; to be in uncertainty, respecting the truth or fact ; to be undeter- mined. 2. To fear ; to be apprehensive ; to suspect. DOUBT, (dout) v.t. 1. To question, or hold questionable; to withhold assent from ; to hesitate to believe. 2. To fear ; to suspect. 3. To distrust ; to withhold confidence from. 4. To fill with fear ; [obs.] DOUBT, (dout) n. I. A fluctuation of mind respecting truth or propriety, arising from defect of knowledge or evidence ; uncertainty of mind ; suspense ; unsettled state of opinion. 2. Uncertainty of condition. 3. Suspi- cion; fear; apprehension. 4. Difficulty objected. 5. Dread ; horror and danger ; [obs.] DOUBT A-BLE, a. That may be d^oubted. Sherwood. DOUBT'ED, pp. Scrupled ; questioned j not certain or set- tled. DOUBT'ER, n. One who doubts ; one whose opinion is un- settled ; one who scruples. DOUBT'FUL, a. 1. Dubious ; not settled in opinion ; un- determined ; wavering ; hesitating. 2. Dubious ; ambig- uous ; not clear in its meaning. 3. Admitting of doubt ; not obvious, clear or certain ; questionable ; not decided. 4. Of uncertain issue. 5. Not secure ; suspicious. 6. Not confident; not without fear; indicating doubt. 7. Not certain or defined. Milton. DOUBT'PUL-LY, adv. 1. In a doubtful manner ; dubious- ly. 2. With doubt ; irresolutely. 3. Ambiguously ; with uncertainty of meaning. 4. In a state of dread ; [obs.] DOUBT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. A state of doubt or uncertainty of mind ; dubiousness ; suspense ; instability of opinion. 2. Ambiguity ; uncertainty of meaning. 3. Uncertainty of event or issue ; uncertainty of condition. DOUBT'ING, ppr. Wavering in mind ; caUing in question ; hesitating. DOUBT'ING-LY, adv. In a doubting manner ; dubiously ; without confidence. t DOUBT'LESS, a. Free from fear of danger; secure. DOUBT'LESS, adv. Without doubt or question; unques- tionably. DOUBT'LESS-LY, adv. Unquestionably. Beaumont. t DOU'CED, 71. [Fr. douce.] A musical instrument. t DOU'CET, n.- [Fr.] A custard. bOU-CEuR', (doo-sure'j or doo-saur') n. [Fr.] A present or gift ; a bribe. DOU'CINE, 71. [Fr.] A molding concave above and convex below ; a gula. DOUOK'ER, 71. A fowl that dips or dives in water. DoUGH, (do) 71. [Sax. dah.] Paste of bread ; a mass com- posed of flour or meal moistened and kneaded, but not baked. — My cake is dough, that is, my undertaking has not come to maturity. Shak. DoUGH'-BaKED, a. Unfinished ; not hardened to perfec- tion ; soft, Donne. DoUGH'-KNeAD'ED, a. Soft ; like dough. Milton. DoUGH'-NUT, 71. A small roundish cake, made of flour, eggs and sugar, moistened with milk and boiled in lard. DOUGH'TI-NESS, (dou'te-nes) n. Valor; bravery. DOUGH'TY, (dou'ty) a. [Sax. dohtig.] Brave; valiant; eminent ; noble ; illustrious. DoUGH'Y, (do'y) a. Like dough ; soft ; yielding to pres- sure ; pale. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. DOW 273 DRA nuUSE, V. t. 1. To thrust or plunge into water.— 9. In seamen^s language, to strike or lower in haste j to slacken suddenly ; as, douse tlie top-sail. DOUSE, v_. i. To fall suddenly into water. Hiidlhras. DOUT, V, t. To put out 5 to extinguish. Shah. DOUT'ER, 71. An extinguisher for candles. DoU'ZeAVE, (doo'zeve) n. [Fr. doute.] In music, a scale of twelve degrees. D6VE, n. [Sax. duua.'\ 1. The cenas, or domestic pigeon, a species of columba. 2. A word of endearment, or an emblem of innocence. D6VE'-€OT, n. A small buUding or box in which domestic pigeons breed. DoVE'SUFOOT, n. A plant, a species of geranium. DoVE'-HOlJSE, n. A house or shelter for doves. DoVE'LIKE, a. Resembling a dove. Milton. D6VBSH1P, n. The qualities of a dove. Hall. D6VE-TAIL, n. In carpentry, the manner of fastening boards and timbers together by letting one piece into an- other in the form of a dove's tail spread, or wedge re- versed. DoVE'-TAIL, V. t. To unite by a tenon in form of a pigeon's tail spread, let into aboard or timber. DoVE'-TaILED, pp. United by a tenon in form of a dove's tail. DoVE'-TaIL-ING, ppr. Uniting by a dove-tail. t DoV'ISH, a. Like a dove ; innocent. boW'A-BLE, a. That may be endowed ; entitled to dower. DOW'A-GER, n. [Fr. douairiere.] A widow with a join- ture ; a title particularly given to the w^idows of princes and persons of rank. The widow of a king is called queen dowager. DOW'CETS, n. The testicles of a hart or stag. DOWDY, n. [Scot, dawdie.] An awkward, ill-dressed, in- elegant woman. Dryden. DOWDY, a. Awkward. Gay. DOWER, n. [W. dawd.} I. That portion of the lands or tenements of a man, which his widow enjoys during her life, after the death of her husband. 2. The property which a woman brings to her husband in marriage. 3. The gift of a husband for a wife. 4. Endowment ; gift. DOWERED, a. Furnished with dower, or a portion. DOWER-LESS, a. Destitute of dower. Shak. DOWER-Y, or DOWRY. A different spelling of dower, but little used. DOWLAS, n. A kind of coarse linen cloth. Shak. t DOWLE, n. A feather. Shak. DOWLY, a. Melancholy ; sad ; applied to persons ; lonely, to places. Orose. JYurth of England. Sometimes written and spoken, daly. DOWN, 71. [Sw. dun.] 1. The fine soft feathers of fowls, particularly of the duck kind. 2. The pubescence of plants, a fine hairy substance. 3. The pappus or little crown of certain seeds of plants ; a fine feathery or hairy substance, by which seeds are conveyed to a distance by the wind. 4. Any thing that soothes or mollifies. DOWN, n. [Sax. dun.] I. A bank or elevation of sand, thrown up by the sea. 2. A large open plain, primarily on elevated land. DOWN, prep. [Sax. dun, adun.] 1. Along a descent ; from a higher to a lower place. 2. Toward the mouth of a river, or toward the place where water is discharged into the ocean or a lake. — Down the sound, in the direction of the ebb-tide towards the sea. — Down the country, towards the sea, cr towards the pai-t where rivers discharge their waters into the ocean. DOWN, adv. 1. In a descending direction ; tending from a higher to a lower place. 2. On the ground, or at the bot- tom. 3. Below the horizon. 4. In the direction from a higher to a lower condition. 5. Into disrepute or dis- grace. 6. Into subjection ; into a due consistence. 7. At length ; extended or prostrate, on the ground or on any flat surface. — Up and doion, here and there ; in a rambling course. — Doion with a building is a command to pull it down, to demolish it. — Down with him signifies, throw him. — It is often used by seamen ; as, down with the fore sail, &c. DOWN, a. Downright ; plain ; dejected ; as, a down look. DOWN'-BED, n. A bed of down. DOW N'-C AST, a. Cast downward ; directed to the ground. tDOWN'-€AST, n. Sadness; melancholy look. D0WN'€6ME, n. A fall of rain ; a fall in the market. Brockett. Provincial. DOWNED, a. Covered or stuffed with down. Young. DOWN'FALL, n. 1. A falling, or body of things. falling. 2. Ruin ; destruction ; a sudden fall, or ruin by violence, in distinction from slow decay or declension. 3. The sudden fall, depression or ruin of reputation or estate. DOWN'F ALLEN, a. Fallen ; ruined. Carew. D0WN'6yVED, a. Hanging down like the loose cincture of fetters. Steevens. DOWN'-HAUL, n. In seamen's ZaTJ^wao'e, a rope passing along a stay, through the cringles of the stav-sail or jib. DOWN'HEaRT-ED, a. Dejected in spirits. ' DOWN'HILL, n. Declivity ; descent ; slope. Dryden. DOWN'HILL, a. Declivous ; descending ; sloping. DOWN'LOOKED, a. Having a downcast countenance, dejected ; gloomy ; sullen. DOWN'LY-ING, n. The time of retiring to rest ; tune of repose. DOWN'LY-ING, a. About to be in travail of childbirth. Johnson. DOWN'RIGHT, adv. 1. Right down ; straight down ; per- pendicularly. 2. In plain terms ; without ceremony or circumlocution. 3. Completely ; without stopping short. DOWN'RiGHT, a. 1. Directly to the point ; plain ; open ■ artless ; undisguised. 2. Plain ; artless ; unceremon lous , blunt. DOWN'RTGHT-LY, aiftJ. Plainly; in plam terms ; bluntly DOWN'RiGHT-NESS, n. Plainness ; absence of disguise. Qomersall. DOWN -SIT-TING, n. The act of sitting down; repose ^ a resting. DOWN'TROD, ) a. Trodden down ; trampled down DOWN'TROD-DEN, \ Shak. DOWN'WARD, or DOWN'WARDS, adv. 1. From a high- er place to a lower ; in a descending course, whether di- rectly toward the centre of the earth, or not. 2. In a course or direction from a head, spring, origin or source 3. In a course of lineal descent from an ancestor, consid- ered as a head. 4. In the course of falling or descending from elevation or distinction. DOWN'WARD, a. I. Moving or extending from a higher to a lower place, as on a slope or declivity, or in the open air ; tending towards the earth or its centre. 2. Decliv- ous; bending. 3. Descending from a head, origin or source. 4. Tending to a lower condition or state ; de- pressed ; dejected. DOWN'WEED, n. Cottonweed, a downy plant. DOWN'Y, a. 1. Covered with down or nap. 2. Covered with pubescence or soft hairs, as a plant. 3. Made of down or soft feathers. 4. Soft ; calm ; soothing. 5. Re- sembling down. DOWRE. The same as dowry. DOWRY, n. [See Dower.] 1. The money, goods or estate which a woman brings to her husband in marriage ; the portion given with a wife 2. The reward paid for a wife. 3. A gift ; a fortune given. t DOWSE, V. t. [Sw. daska.] To strike on the face. t DOWST, n. A stroke. Beaumont. DOX-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to doxology ; giving praise to God. Howell. DOX-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ^o|oXoy£a.] In Christian worship, a. hymn in praise of the Almighty ; a particular form of giv- ing glory to God. DOX'Y, n. [qu. Sw. docka.] A prostitute. Shak. DOZE, v.i. [Dan. (Zoser.J 1. To slumber ; to sleep lightly. 2. To live in a state of drowsiness ; to be dull, or half asleep. DOZE, V. t. To make dull ; to stupefy. DoZ'EN, (duz'n) a. [Fr. douzaine.] Twelve in number; applied to things of the same kind, but rarely or never to that number in the abstract. DoZ'EN, 71. The number twelve of things of a like kind DoZ'ER, n. One that dozes or slumbers. DoZ'I-NESS, n. Drowsmess; heaviness; inclination to sleep. DoZ'ING, ppr. Slumbering. DoZ'ING, n. A slumbering; sluggishness. Chesterfield. DoZ'Y, a. Drowsy ; heavy ; inclined to sleep ; sleepy ; sluggish. Dryden. DRAB, 71. [Sax. drabbe.] 1. A strumpet; a prostitute. Shak 2. A low, sluttish woman. 3. A kind of wooden box, used in salt works for holding the salt when taken out of the boiling pans. DRAB, 71. nPr. drap.] A kind of thick woolen cloth. DRAB, a. Being of a du)i color, like the cloth so called. DRAB, v.i. To associate with strumpets. Beaumont. DRAB'BING, ppr. Keeping company with lewd women. DRAB'BING, n. An associating with strumpets. Beaumont. DRAB'BLE, v. t. To draggle ; to make dirty by drawing in mud and water ; to wet and befoul. JVew England. DRAB'BLE, v. i. To fish for barbels with a long line. DRAB'BLING, a. Drawing in mud or water ; angling for barbels. DRAB'BLING, n. A method of angling for barbels. DRAB'LER, n. In seamen's language, a small additional sail, sometimes laced to the bottom of a bonnet on a square sail. DRACHM. See Drachma, and Dram. DRACH'MA, 71. [L.] 1. A Grecian coin, of the value of seven pence, three farthings, sterling, or nearly fourteen cents. 2. The eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains, or three scruples ; a weight used by apothecaries, but usually written dram. DRa'CO, n. 1. In astronomy, a constellation of the northern hemisphere. 2. A luminous exhalation from marshy grounds. 3. A genus of animals of two species. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; 18 -BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. DRA 274 DllA i;E,A-€ON'Tie, a, [L. draco.] In astronormj, belonging to | that space of time in which the moon performs one entire revolution. DEA-€UN'€U-LUS, n. 1. In botany, a plant, a species of arum. — 2, In medicine, a long, slender worm, bred in the muscular parts of the arms and legs, called Guinea worm. t DRAD, a. Terrible. This was also the old pret. oi dread. DRAFF, 71. [D. draf, droef.] Refuse ; lees ; dregs ; the wash given to swine, or grains to cows ; waste matter. Dry den. DRAF'FISH, a. Worthless. DRAF'FY, a. Dreggy ; waste ; worthless. DRAFT, n. [corrupted from draught.] 1. A drawing. In this sense, draught is perhaps most common. 2 A draw- ing of men from a military band ; a selecting or detaching of soldiers from an army, or any part of it, cr from a military post. 3. An order from one man to another di- recting the payment of money ; a bill of exchange. 4. A drawingof lines for a plan; a figure described on paper; delineation ; sketch 5 plan delineated. 5. Depth of water necessary to float a ship. 6. A writing composed. See Draught. DRAFT, V. t. 1, To draw the outline ; to delineate. 9. To compose and write ; as, to draft a memorial or a lease. 3. To draw men from a military band or post ; to select ; to detach. 4. To draw men from any company, collec- tion or society. DRAFT'-HORSE, n. A horse employed in drawing, par- ticularly in drawing heavy loads, or in ploughing. DRAFT'-OX, n. An ox employed in drawing. DRAFT'ED, ji.p. Drawn ; delineated ; detached. DRAFT'ING, ppr. Drawing ; delineating ; detachuig. DRAFTS, n. A game played on checkers. DRAG, V. t. [Sax. dragan.] 1. To pull ; to haul ; to drav/ along the ground by main force ; applied particularly to drawing heavy things with labor, along the g»round or other surface. 2. To break land by drawing a drag or harrow over it ; to harrow. 3. To draw along slowly or heavily; to draw any thing burdensome. 4. To draw along in contempt, as unworthy to be carried. 5. To pull or haul about roughly and forcibly. — In seamen^s lan- guage, to drag an anchor, is to draw or trail it along the bottom when loosened, or when the anchor will not hold the ship. DRAG, V. i. I. To hang so low as to trail on the ground. 2. To fish with a drag. 3. To be drawn along ; as, the anchor drags. 4. To be moved slowly ; to proceed heav- ily. 5. To hang or grate on the floor, as a door. DRAG, n. 1. Something to be drawn along the ground, as a net or a hook. 2. A particular kind of harrow. 3. A car ; a low cart. — 4. in sea-language, a machine consist- ing of a sharp square frame of iron, encircled with a net. 5. Whatever is drawn ; a boat in tow ; whatever serves to retard a ship's way. DRAGGED, pp. Drawn on the ground ; drawn with labor or force ; drawn along slowly and heavily ; raked with a drag or harrow. DRAG 'GING, ppr. Drawing on the ground ; drawing with labor or by force ; drawing slowly or heavily ; raking with a drag, DRAG'GLE, v. t. To wet and dirty by drawing on the ground or mud, or on wet grass ; to drabble. DRAG'GLE, v. i. To be drawn on the ground ; to become wet or dirty by being drawn on the mud or wet grass. DRAG'GLE-TAIL, n. A slut. Sherwood. DRAG'GLED, pp. Drawn o)i the ground ; wet or dirtied by being drawn on the ground or mire. DRAG'GLING, ppr. Drawing on the ground ; making dirty by drawing on the ground or wet grass. DRAG'MAN, n, A fisherman that uses a drag-net. DRAG'-NET, n. A net to be drawn on the bottom of a river or pond for taking fish. Dryden. DRAG'0-MAN, DRoG'MAN, n. [It. dragomanno.] An in.- terpreter ; a term in general use in the Levant and other parts nfthe East. DRAG'ON, n. [L. draco.] 1. A kind of winged serpent much celebrated in the romances of the middle ages. 2. A fiery, shooting meteor, or imaginary serpent. 3. A fierce, violent person, male or female. 4. A constellation of the northern hemisphere. [See Draco.]— In Scripture, dragon seems sometimes to signify a large marine fish or serpent. DRAG'ON, n. A genus of animals, the draco. DRAG'0-NET, n. 1. A little dragon. Spenser. 2. A fish with a slender round body. DRAG'ON-FISH, n. A species of trachinus. DRAG'ON-FLY, n. A genus of insects, the libella. DRAG'ON-ISH, a. In the form of a dragon ; dragonlike. DRAG'ON-LIKE, a. Like a dragon ; fiery ; furious. DRAG'ONS, n. A genus of plants, the dracontium. DRAG'ON 'S-BL60D, n. [Sax. dracan-blod.] A resinous substance, or red juice, extracted from the dracaina draco. DRAG'ON'S-HEAD, n. A genus of plants, the dracoceph- alum. — Dragun^s Head and Tail, in astronomy, are tli nodes of the planets. DRAG'ON-SHELL, n, A species of eoncamerated patella or limpet. DRAG'ON'S-WA'TER, n. A plant, the African arum. DRAG'0N'S-W6RT, n. A plant, a species of artemisia. DRAG'ON-TREE, ji. A species of palm. DRA-GOON', n. [Fr. dragon.] A soldier or musketeer who serves on horseback or on foot, as occasion may require Their arms are a sword, a musket and a bayonet. DRA-GOON', V. t. 1. To persecute by abandoning a place to the rage of soldiers. 2. To enslave or reduce to subjec- tion by soldiers. 3. To harass; to persecute; toccmpe. to submit by violent measures ; to force. DRAG-OON-aDE', 71. The abandoning of a place to the rage of soldiers. Burnet. DRA-GOON'ED, (dra-goond') pp. Abandoned to the vio- lence of soldiers; persecuted; harassed. DRA-GOON'ING, ppr. Abandoning to the rage of soldiers persecuting ; harassing ; vexing. fDRAIL, V. t. To trail. More. t DRAIL, V. i. To draggle. South. DRAIN, V. t. [Sax. drehnigean.] 1. To filter ; to cause to pass througli some porous substance. 2. To empiy or clear of liquor, by causing the liquor to drop or run otf slowly, 3. To make dry ; to exhaust of water or other liquor, by causing it to tlow off in channels, or through porous substances, 4, To empty ; to exhaust ; to drav/ off gradually. DRAIN, v.i. ]. To flow off gradually. 2. To be emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping ; as, let the vessel stand and drain ; let the cloth hang and drain. DRAIN, 71. A channel through which water or other liquid flows off; particularly, a trench or ditch to convey water from wet land ; a water-course ; a sewer ; a sink. DRaIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being drained. Sherwood. DRaIN'A6E, 71. A draining ; a gradual flowing off of any liquid. DRAINED, pp. Emptied of water or other liquor by a grad- ual discharge, flowing or dropping ; exhausted ; drawn off DRaIN'ING, ppr. Emptying of water or other liquor by fil- tration or flowing in small channels. DRAKE, n. [G. e7Uerich.] 1. The male of the duck kind 2. [L, draco, dragon.] A small piece of artillery, 3, The drake-fly. DRAM, n. [contracted from drachm,a-] 1, Among dmg- gists and physicians, a weight of the eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains,— In avoirdupois weight, the six- teenth part of an ounce, 2. A small quantity. 3. As much spirituous liquor as is drank at once. Swift. 4. Spirit ; distilled liquor. DRAM, V. i. To drink drams ; to indulge in the use of ar- dent spirit. [j2 low 7jjord.] DRAM'-DRINK-ER, n. One who habitually drinks spirits. ^DRA'MA, or DRa'MA, n. [Gr. Spajxa.] A poem or compo- sition representing a picture of human life, and acconnno- dated to action. The principal species of the drama are tragedy and comedy; inferior species are tragi-comedy, opera, &c. DRA-MAT'I€, )a. Pertaining to the drama; represent- DRA-MAT'I€-AL, ) ed by action ; theatrical ; not narra- tive. DRA-MAT'ie-AL-LY, adv. By representation ; in the man- ner of the drama. Dryden. DRAM'A-TIST, n. The author of a dramatic composition ; a writer of plays. Burnet. DRAM'A-TiZE, v. t. To compose in the form of the drama • or to give to a composition the form of a play. DRANK, pret. aiidj'p. of drink. DRANK, 71. A term for wild oats. Encyc. t DRAPE, V. t. [Fr, draper.] To make cloth ; also, to ban- ter. DRa'PER, 71. [Fr. drapler.] One who sells cloth; a dealer in cloths. DRa PER-Y, 71. [Fr. draperie.] 1. Clothwork ; the trade of making cloth. 2. Cloth; stuffs of wool.— 3. In sculp- ture and painting, the representation of the clothing o*. dress of human figures; also, tapestry, hangings, cur- tains, &c. t DRa'PET, n. Cloth ; coverlet, DRAS'TIC, a. [Gr. dpaariKog.] Powerful ; acting with strength or violence ; efficacious. DRAUGH. See Draff. DRAUGHT, (draft) n. 1. The act of drawing. 2, The quality of being drawn. 3. The drawing of liquor into tlie mouth and throat ; the act of drinking. 4. The quan- tity of liquor drank at once. 5 The act of delineating, or that which is delineated ; a representation by lines, as the figure of a house, a machine, a fort, &c., described on pa- per. 6, Representation by picture ; figure painted or drawn by the pencil, 7. The act of drawing a net ; a sweeping for fish. 8. That which is taken by sweeping with a net, 9, The drawing or bending of a bow ; the * See Synopsis A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.- -FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; - f Obsolete PliA 275 DRE act of shooting with a bow and arrow. 10. The act of drawing men from a military band, army or post j also, the forces drawn ; a detachment. [See Draft.] 11. A sink or drain. Matt. xv. 12. An order for the payment of money ; a bill of exchange. [See Draft.] 13. The depth of water necessary to float a ship, or the depth a ship sinks in water, especially when laden. 14. In E7ig- land, a small allowance on weighable goods, made by the king to the importer, or by the seller to the buyer, to in- sm-e full weight. 15. A sudden attack or drawing on an enemy. 16. A writing composed. 17. Draughts, a. kind of game resembling chess. DRAUGHT, (draft) v. t. To draw out ; to call forth. See Draft. DRAUGHT'-HQOKS, n. Large hooks of iron fixed on the cheeks of a cannon carriage, two on each side. DRAUGHT' -HORSE, n. A horse used in drawing a plough, cart or other carriage, as distinguished from a saddle-horse. DRAUGHT -HOUSE, n. A house for the reception of filth or waste matter. DRAUGHTS'MAN, (drafts'man) n. 1. A man who draws writings or designs, or one who is skilled in such draw- ings. 2. One who drinks drams ; a tippler. t DRAVE. The old participle of drive ; now drove. DRAW, V. t. ; pret. dreio ; pp. drawn. [Sax. dragan ; L. traho.'] 1. To pull along ; to haul ; to cause to move for- ward by force applied in advance of the thing moved, or at the fore-end, as by a rope or chain. 2. To pull out ; to unsheathe. Hence, to draio the sword, is to wage war. 3. To bring by compulsion ; to cause to come. 4. To pull up or out 5 to raise from any depth. 5. To suck. 6. To attract ; to cause to move or tend towards itself. 7. To . attract ; to cause to turn towards itself ; to engage. 8. To inhale ; take air into the lungs. 9. To pull or take from a spit. 10. To take from a cask or vat ; to cause or to suffer a liquid to run out. 11. To take a liquid from the body 5 to let out. 12. To take from an oven. 13. To cause to slide, as a curtain, either in closing or unclosing ; to open or undlose and discover, or to close and conceal. 14. To extract. 15. To produce ; to bring, as an agent or efficient cause. 16. To move gradually or slowly j to extend. 17. To lengthen ; to extend in length. 18. To utter in a lingering manner. 19. To run or extend, by marking or forming. 20. To represent by lines drawn on a plain surface ; to form a picture or image. 21. To de- scribe ; to represent by words. 22. To represent in fan- cy ; to image in the mind. 23. To derive ; to have or re- ceive from some source, cause or donor. 24. To deduce. 25. To allure ; to entice ; to lead by persuasion or moral influence ; to excite to motion. 26. To lead, as a motive ; to induce to move. 27. To induce ; to persuade ; to at- tract towards 28. To win ; to gain. Shalt. 29. To re- ceive or take, as from a fund. 30. To bear ; to produce. 31. To extort ; to force out. 32. To wrest ; to distort. 33. To compose ; to write in due form ; to form in writing. 34. To take out of a box or wheel, as tickets in a lottery. 35. To receive or gain by drawing. 36. To extend ; to stretch. 37. To sink into the water ; or to require a cer- tain depth of water for floating. 38. To bend. 39. To eviscerate ; to pull out the bowels. 40. To withdraw 5 [not used.'] Shale. To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for ex- portation. — To draw in. 1. To collect ; to apply to any purpose by violence. 2. To contract ; to pull to a smaller compass ; to pull back. 3. To entice, allure or inveigle. — To draw off. 1. To draw from or away ; also, to with- draw ; to abstract. 2. To draw or take from ; to cause to flow from. 3. To extract by distillation. — To draw on. 1. To allure ; to entice ; to persuade or cause to follow. 2. To occasion; to invite 5 to bring on; to cause. — To draw over. 1. To raise, or cause to come over, as in a still. 2. To persuade or induce to revolt from an oppos- ing party, and to join one's own party. — To draw out. 1. To lengthen ; to stretch by force ; to extend. 2. To beat or hammer out ; to extend or spread by beating, as a met- al. 3. To lengthen in time ; to protract ; to cause to con- tinue. 4. To cause to issue forth ; to draw off; as liquor from a cask. 5. To extract, as the spirit of a substance. 6. To bring forth ; to pump out by questioning or address ; to cause to be declared or brought to light. 7. To induce by motive ; to call forth. 8. To detach ; to separate from the main body. 9. To range in battle ; to array in aline. — To draiD together, to collect or be collected. — To draw up. 1. To raise ; to lift ; to elevate. 2. To form in order of battle ; to array. 3. To compose in due form, as a writ- ing ; to forjn in writing. DRAW, V. i. 1. To pull ; to exert strength in drawing. 2. To act as a weight. 3. To shrink; to contract into a smaller compass. 4. To move ; to advance. 5. To be filled or inflated with wind, so as to press on and advance a ship in her course. 6. To unsheathe a sword. 7. To use or practice the art of delineating figures. 8. To col- lect the matter of an ulcer or abscess ; to cause to suppu- rate ; to excite to inflammation, maturation and dis- charge. To draw back. 1. To retire ; to move back ; to withdraw . 2. To renounce the faith ; to apostatize.— To draw near or nigh, to approach ; to come near — To draw off, to re- tire ; to retreat.-^ yo draw on. 1 To advance; to ap- proach. 2. To gain on ; to approach in pursuit. 3. To demand payment by an order or bUI, called a draught.— To draw up, to form in regular order. DRAW, rt. 1. The act of drawing. 2. The lot or chance drawn. DRAW'A-BLB, a. That may be drawn. More. DRAWBACK, n. Money or an amount paid back or remit- ted. — 2. In n. popular sense, any loss of advantage, or de* duction from profit. DRAW-BRIDGE, n. A bridge which may be drawn up or let down to admit or hinder communication. DRAW'-NET, n. A net for catching the larger sorts of fowls, made of pack-thread, with wide meshes. DRAW'-WELL, n. A deep well, from which water is drawn by a long cord or pole. DRAWEE, n. The person on whom an order or bill of ex- change is drawn ; the payer of a bill of exchange. DRAWER, 71. 1. One who draws or pulls'; one who takes water from a well ; one who draws liquors from a cask. 2. That which draws or attracts, or has the power of at- traction. 3. He who draws a bill of exchange or an order for the payment of money. 4. A sliding box in a case or table, which is drawn at pleasure. 5. Drawers, in the plural, a close, under garment, worn on the lower Ihnbs. DRAWING, ppr. Pulling; hauling; attracting; delineat- ing. DRAWING, n. 1. The act of pulling, hauling or attracting. 2. The act of representing the appearance or figures of ob- jects on a plain surface, by means of lines and shades, as with a pencil, crayon, pen, compasses, &c. 3 delineation. DRAW'ING-x^IaS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of drawing. DRAW'iNG-ROOM, n. 1. A room appropriated for the re- ception of company ; a room in which distinguished per- sonages hold levees, or private persons receive parties. 2. The company assembled in a drawing room. DRAWL, V. t. [D. draalen.] To utter words in a slow, lengthened tone. DRAWL, V. i. To speak with slow utterance. DRAWL, n. A lengthened utterance of the voice. DRAWL'ING, ppr. Uttering words slowly. DRAWN, pp. 1. Pulled; hauled; allured; attracted; de- lineated ; extended ; extracted ; derived ; deduced ; written. 2. Equal, where each party takes his own stake. 3. Having equal advantage, and neither party a victory. 4. With a sword drawn. 5. Moved aside, as a curtain ; unclosed, or closed. 6. Eviscerated. 7. In- duced, as by a motive. — Drawn and quartered, drawn on a sled, and cut into quarters. DRAY, n. [Sax. drmge.'] 1. A low cart or carriage on wheels, drawn by a horse. 2. A sled. DRaY'-€ART, n. A dray. DRaY'-HORSE, 71. A horse used for drawing a dray. DRaY'-MAN, 71. A man who attends a dray. DRaY'-PLOUGH, n. A particular kind of plough. DRAZ'EL, (draz'l) n. A dirty woman; a slut. [This is a vulgar word ; in J^ew England pronounced drot'Ll DREAD, (dred) n. [Sax. draad.'] 1. Great feai- or apprehen- sion of evil or danger. 2. Awe ; fear united with respect 3. Terror. 4. The cause of fear ; the person or the thing dreaded. DREAD, (dred) a. Exciting great fear or apprehension Shak. 2. Terrible ; frightful. Shak. 3. Awful ; venera- ble in the highest degree. DREAD, (dred) v. t. To fear in a great degree. DREAD, V. i. To be in great fear. DREAD' A-BLE, a. That is to be dreaded. DREAD ED, pp. Feared. DREAD'ER, n. One that fears, or lives in fear. Swift. DREADFUL, (dred'ful) a. 1. Impressing great fear ; terri- ble ; formidable. 2. Awful ; venerable DREAD'FUL-LY, adv. Terriblv ; m a manner to be dread- ed. " DREAD'FUL-NESS, n. Terribleness ; the quality of being dreadful ; frightful n ess. DREAD'LESS, a. Fearless ; bold ; not intimidated , un- daunted ; free from fear or terror; intrepid. DREAD'LESS-NESS, n. Fearlessness; undauntedness , freedom from fear or terror ; boldness. DReAM, n. [D. droom.] 1. The thought or series of thoughts of a person in sleep. — 2. In Scripture, dreams were sometimes impressions on the minds of sleeping per- sons, made by divine agency. 3. A vain fancy ; a wild conceit; an unfounded suspicion. DReAM, v. i. ; pret. dreamed, or dreamt. [D. droomen.] 1 To have ideas or images in the mind, in the state of sleep 2. To think ; to imagine. 3. To think idly. 4. To be sluggish ; to waste time in vain thoughts. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNIT^ — € as K , 6 as J ; S as Z , CH as SH ; TH aa in this, f Obsolete. DRl 276 DRI DREAM, I t. To see in a dream Dryden. DRkAM ER, n. 1 One who dreams. 2. A fanciful man ; a visionary ; one wlio forms or entertains vain schemes. 3,_A man lost in w^ild imagination ; a mope ; a sluggard. DReAM'FTJL, a. Full of dreams. Johnson. DReAM'ING, ppr. Having thoughts or ideas in sleep. DReAM'ING-LY, adw. Sluggishly; negligently. Huloet. DReAM'LESS, a. Free from dreams. Camden. DREAMT, (dremt) pp. From dream. t DReAR, 71. Dread ; dismalness. Spenser. DREAR, a. [Sax. dreorig.] Dismal ; gloomy with solitude. t DReAR'I-HEAD, n. Dismalness ; gloominess. Spenser. DReAR"I-LY, adv. Gloomily ; dismally. Spenser. \ DReAR I-MENT, n. Dismalness ; terror. DReAR'I-NESS, 71. Dismalness ; gloomy solitude. DReAR'Y, a. [Sax. dreorig.] 1. Dismal; gloomy. 2. Sorrowful ; distressing. DREDGE, n. [Fr. drege.] 1. A dragnet for taking oysters, &c. 2. A mixture of oats and barley sown together. DREDGE, V. t To take, catch or gather with a dredge. DREDGE, V. t. To sprinkle flour on roast meat. DREDG'ER, n. One who fishes with a dredge -, also, an utensil for scattering flour on meat while roasting. DREDG'ING-BOX^ n. A box used for dredging meat. DREDG'ING-MA-CHiNE , n. An engine used to take up mud or gravel from the bottom of rivers, docks, &c. t DREE, V. t. [Sax. dreah.] To suffer. Ray. DREE, a. Long in continuance ; tedious. JVorth of Eng- land. DREG-GI-NESS, n. Fullness of dregs or lees ; foulness ; feculence. DREG GISH, a. Full of dregs ; foul with lees ; feculent. DREG'GY, a. Containing dregs or lees ; consisting of dregs ; foul ; muddy ; feculent. DREGS, n. plu. [Sw. dr^gg.] 1. The sediment of liquors ; lees ; grounds ; feculence ; any foreign matter of liquors that subsides to the bottom of a vessel. 2. Waste or worthless matter ; dross ; sweepings ; refuse. DREIN. See Drain. DRENCH, V. t. [Sax. drencean.] 1. To wet thoroughly ; to soak ; to fill or cover with water or other liquid. 2. To saturate with drink. 3. To purge violently. DRENCH, n. A draught ; a swill ; also, a portion of medi- cine to purge a beast, particularly a horse. DRENCHED, pp. Soaked ; thoroughly wet ; purged with a dose. DRENCH'ER, n. One who wets or steeps ; one who gives a drench to a beast. DRENCH'ING, ppr. Wetting thoroughly; soaking; pur- ging- tDRENT, pp. Drenched. Spenser. DRESS, V. t. ; pret. and pp. dressed, or drest. [Fr. dresser.] 1. To make straight or a straight line ; to adjust to a right line. 2. To adjust ; to put in good order. 3. To put in good order, as a wounded limb ; to cleanse a wound, and to apply medicaments. 4. To prepare, in a general sense ; to put in the condition desired ; to make suitable or fit. 5. To curry, rub and comb. 6. To put the body in order, or in a suitable condition ; to put on clothes. 7. To put on rich garments ; to adorn ; to deck ; to embel- lish. — To dress up, is to clothe pompously or elegantly. DRESS, V. i. 1. To arrange in a line. 2. To pay particular regard to dress or raiment. DRESS, n. 1. That which is used as the covering or orna- ment of the body ; clothes ; garments ; habit. 2. A suit of clothee. 3. Splendid clothes ; habit of ceremony. 4. Skill in adjusting dress, or the practice of wearing elegant clothing. DRESSED, pp. Adjusted; made straight; put in order; prepared ; trimmed ; tilled ; clothed ; adorned ; attired. DRESS'ER, n. 1. One who dresses ; one who is employed in putting on clothes and adorning another ; one who is employed in preparing, trimming or adjusting any thing. 2. [Fr. dressoir.] A side-board ; a table or bench on which meat and other things are dressed or prepared for iiae. DRESS'ING, ppf. Adjusting to a line ; putting in order ; preparing ; clothing ; embellishing ; cultivating. DRESS'ING, n. 1. Raiment ; attire. B. Jonson. 2. That which is used as an application to a wound or sore. 3. That which is used in preparing land for a crop ; manure spread over land. — 4. In popular language, correction ; a flo2gin;i, or beating. DRES'S'ING-ROOM, n. An appartment appropriated for dressing the person. DRESS'-aiA-KER, n. A maker of gowns, or similar gar- ments ; a mantua-maker. DRESS'Y, a. Showy in dress; wearing rich or showy dresses. DREST, pp. of dress. DREuL, V. i. To emit saliva ; to suffer saliva to issue and flow down from the mouth. DRIB, V. t. To crop or cut off ; to defalcate. Dryden. DRIB, n. A drop. Smft. 4I» piece or part ; a small DRIB'BLE, V. i. 1. To fall in drops or small drops, or in a quick succession of drops. 2. To slaver as a child or an idiot. 3. To fall weakly and slowly. DRIB'BLE, •!;. t. To throw down in drops. Swift. DRIB'BLET, n. [W. rhib.] A smaU piece or par sum ; odd money in a sum. DRIB'BLING, ppr Falling in drops or small drops. DRIB'BLING, n. A falling in drof^. DRIED, pp. of dry. Free from moisture or sap. DRi'ER, n. That which has the quality of drying ; that v/hich may expel or absorb moisture ; a desiccative. DRIFT, n. [Dan. dnft.] 1. That which is driven by wind or water. 2. A heap of any matter driven together. 3 A driving ; a force impelling or urging forwai-d ; impulse ; overbearing power or influence. 4. Coui-se of any thing ; tendency ; aim ; main force. 5. Any thing driven by force. 6. A shower ; a number of things driven at once. —7. In mining, a passage cut between shafl and shaft ; a passage within the earth. — 8. In navigation, the angle which the line of a ship's motion makes with the nearest meridian, when she drives with her side to the wind and waves. 9. The drift of a current is its angle emd velocity DRIFT, V. i. 1. To accumulate in heaps by the force of wind; to be driven into heaps. 2. To float or be driven along by a current of water. DRIFT, V. t. To drive into heaps. DRIFT'ED, pp. Driven along ; driven into heaps. DRIFT'ING, ppr. Driving by force ; driving into heaps. DRIFT'-SAIL, 71. In navigation, a sail used under water, veered out right ahead by sheets. DRIFT'- WAY, 71. A common way for driving cattle in. DRIFT'- WIND, n. A driving wind ; a wind that drives things into heaps. DRILL, V. t. [Sax. thirlian ; G. and D. drillen.] 1. To pierce with a drill ; to perforate by turning a sharp-point- ed instrument of a particular form ; to bore and make a hole by turning an instrument. 2. To draw on; to entice; to amuse and put off. 3. To draw on from step to step. 4. To draw through ; to drain. — 5. In a military sense, to teach and train raw soldiers to their duty, by frequent exercise. — ^6. In husbandry, to sow grain in rows, drUls or DRILL, V. i. 1. To sow in drills. 2. To flow gently. 3 To muster for exercise. Beaumont. DRILL, n. 1. A pointed instrument, used for boring holes, particularly in metals and other hard substances. 2. An ape or baboon. 3. The act of training soldiers to their duty. 4. A small stream ^^^^now called a rill. — 5. In hus- bandry, a row of grain, sowed by a drill-plough. DRILLED, pp. Bored or perforated with a drill ; exercised ; sown in rows. DRILL'ING, ppr. Boring with a drill ; training to military duty ; sowing in drills. DRILL-PLOUGH, n. A plough for sowing grain in drills. DRINK, V. i. ; pret. and pp. drank. Old pret. and pp. drunk ; pp. drunken. [Sax. drincan, drican, drycian.] 1. To swal- low liquor, for quenching thirst or other purjwse. 2. To take spirituous liquors to excess ; to be intemperate in the use of spirituous liquors ; to be a habitual drunkard. 3. To feast ; to be entertained with liquors. — To drink to, to salute in drinking ; to invite to drink by drinking first. 2. To wish well to, in the act of taking the cup. DRINK, V. t. 1. To swallow, as liquids ; to receive, as a fluid, into the stomach. 2. To suck in ; to absorb ; to im- bibe. 3. To take in by any inlet; to hear; to see. 4. To take in air ; to inhale. To drink down, is to act on by drinking ; to reduce or subdue. Shak. — To drink off, to drink the whole at a draught, — To drink in, to absorb ; to take or receive into any inlet. — To drink up, to drink the whole. — To drink health, or to the health, a customary civility in which a person at taking a glass or cup, expresses his respect or kind wishes for another. DRINK, n. Liquor to be swallowed ; any fluid to be taken into the stonjach. DRINK' A-BLE, a. That may be drank ; fit or suitable for drink ; potable. DRINK 'A-BLE, n. A liquor that may be drank. DRINK'ER, 71. One who drinks, particularly one who prac- tices drinking spirituous liquors to excess ; a drunkard ; a tippler. DRINK'ING, ppr. Swallowing liquor ; sucking in ; absorb- ing. DRINK'ING, 71. 1. The act of swallowing liquors, or of ab- sorbing. 2. The practice of drinking to excess. DRINK'ING-HORN, n A horn cup, such as our rude ancestors used. DRINIC'ING-HOUSE, n. A house frequented by tipplers; an alehouse. DRINK'LESS, a. Destitute of drink. Chaucer. DRINK'-MoN'EY, n. Money given to buy liquor for drink DRIP, V. i. [Sax. drypan, driopan, dropian.] 1. To fall in drops. 2. To have any liquid falling from it in drops. DRIP, V. t. To let fall in drops. * See Synopsis. 5, E, i, 0, 0, "?, long.— FkR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY j— PIN, MARINE BIRD ; t Obsolete. DRO 277 DRO DRIP, «. 1. A failing in drops, or that whicii falls in drops. 2. The edge of a roof j the eaves ; a large flat member of the cornice. DRIP PING, fpr. Falling or letting fall in drops. DRIFTING, 71. The fat which falls from meat in roasting 5 that which foils in drops. DRIPPING-PAN, n. A pan for recei\ing the fat which drips from meat in roasting. tDRIP'PLE, a. Weak or rare. i)RIVE, V. t. ; pret. drove, [formerly drave ;] pp. driven. [Sax. drifan.] 1. To impel or urge forward by force ; to force ; to move by physical force. 2. To compel or urge forward by other means than absolute physical force, or tiy means that compel th« will. 3. To chase ; to hunt. 4. To impel a team of horses or oxen to move forward, and to direct their course ; hence, to guide or regulate the course of the carriage drawn by them. 5. To impel to greater speed. 6. To clear any place by forcing away what is in it. 7. To force ; to compel ; hi a general sense. 8. To hurry on inconsiderately ; often with on. In this sense it is more generally intransitive. 9. To distress ; to straighten. 10. To impel by the influence of passion. 11. To urge 5 to press. 12. To impel by moral influence ; to compel. 13. To carry on ; to prosecute ; to keep in mo- tion. 14. To make light by motion or agitation. To drive away, to force to remove to a distance ; to expel ; to dispel ; to scatter. — To drive off, to compel to remove from a place ; to expel ; to drive to a distance.— To drive out, to expel. DRIVE, v.i. 1. To be forced along ; to be impelled ; to be moved by any physical force or agent. 2. To rush and press with violence. 3. To pass in a carriage. 4. To aim at or tend to ; to urge towards a pouit ; to make an effort to reach or obtain. 5. To aim a blow ; to strike at with force. — Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or violent action. It is opposed to lead. DRIVE, ?t. Passage in a carriage. Boswell. DRIVEL, (driv'lfu. i. 1. To slaver ; to let spittle drop or flow from the mouth, like a child, idiot or dotard. 2. To be weak or foolish ; to dote. Dryden. DRIVEL, 7!. 1. Slavery saliva flowing from the mouth. 2. A driveler ; a fool , an idiot ; [iiot used.] DRIV^'EL-ER, 71. A slaverer ; a slabberer ; an idiot ; a fool. DRIVEL-ING, ppr. Slavering ; foolish. DRIV'EN, (driv'n) pp. Urged forward by force ; impelled to move ; constrained by necessity. As a noun, folly. DPclVER, 7?. 1. One who drives ; the person or thing that urges or compels any thing else to move. 2. The person who drives beasts. 3. The person who drives a carriage ; one who conducts a team. 4. A large sail occasionally set on the mizzen-yard or gafl", the foot being extended over the stern by a boom. DRIVING, ppr. Urging forward by force ; impelling. DRIVING, 71. 1. The act of impelling. 2. Tendency. DRIZ'ZLE, v. i. [G. rieseln.] To rain in small drops ; to fall as water from the clouds in very fine particles. DRIZ'ZLE, V. t. To shed in small drops or particles. DRIZ'ZLE, ?j. A small rain. DRIZZLED, pp. Shed or thrown down in small drops or particles. DRIZ ZLING, ppr. Falling in fine drops or particles ; shed- ding in small drops or particles. DRIZ ZLING, n. The falling of rain or snow in small drops. DRIZ'ZLY, a. Shedding small rain, or small particles of snow. DRoG'MAN. See Dragoman. DROIL, V. i. [D. druilen.] To work sluggishly or slowly ; to plod ; [not much used.] 'Spenser. DROIL, 7!. A mope ; a drone ; a sluggard ; a drudge ; [I. ?i.] DRoLL, a. [Fr. drdle.] Odd ; merry ; facetious ; "^comical. DRoLL, 71. 1. One whose occupation or practice is to raise mirth by odd tricks ; a jester ; a buffoon. 2. A force ; something exhibited to raise mirth or sport. DRoLL, V. i. To jest ; to play the buffoon. South. DRoLL, V. t. To cheat. L^Estrange. DRoLL'ER, 71. A jester; a buffoon. Olanville. DRoLL'ER-Y, n. 1. Sportive tricks ; buffoonery ; comical stories ; gestures, manners or tales adapted to raise mirth. 2._ A puppet-show. Shak. DRoLL'ING, 71. Low wit ; buffoonery. DRoLL'ING-LY, adv. In a jesting manner. DRoLL'ISH, a. Somewhat droll. DRoM'E-DA-RY, n. [Fr. dromadaire.] A species of camel, called also the Arabian camel, with one bunch or protu- berance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian camel, which has two bunches. DRONE, 71. [Sax. drane, drcen.] 1. The male of the honey bee. It is smaller than the queen bee, but larger than the working bee. 2. An idler ; a sluggard ; one who earns nothii.gby industry. 3. A humming or low sound, or the instrument of humming. 4. The largest tube of the bag- pipe, which emits a continued deep note. DRONE, V. i. 1. To live in idleness. 2. To give a low, heavy, doll sound. Dryden. BRQNE'-Vh^, n. A two-winged insect, resembling lh« drone-bee. DRoN'ING, ppr. Living in idleness ; giving a dull sound. DRoN'ISH, a. Idle 5 sluggish ; lazy ; indolent ; inactive ; slow. Rowe. DRoN'ISH-NESS, 71. Laziness ; inactivity. DROOP, V. i. [Sax. drepan.] 1. To sink or hang down ; to lean downwards, as a body that is weak or languishing 2. To languish from grief or other cause. 3. To fail or sink ; to decline. 4. To faint ; to grow weak 3 to be dis- pirited. DROOP'INGj^pr. Sinking: hanging or leaning downward; declining ; languishing ; failing. DROP, 71. [Sax. dropa.] 1. A small portion of any fluid in a spherical form, which falls at once from any body, or a globule of any fluid which is pendent, as if about to foil ; a small portion of water falling in rain. 2. A diamond hanging from the ear ; an earring ; something hanging in the form of a drop. 3. A very small quantity of liquor. 4. The part of a gallows which sustains the criminal be- fore he is executed, and which is suddenly dropped. DROPS, n. plu. In medicine, a liquid remedy, the dose of which is regulated by a certain number of drops. DROP, V. t. [Sax. dropian.] 1. To pour or let fall in small portions or globules, as a fluid ; to distill. 2. To let fall, as any substance. 3. To let go ; to dismiss ; to lay aside ; to quit ; to leave ; to permit to subside. 4. To utter slightly, briefly or casually. 5. To insert indurectly, in- cidentally, or by way of digression. 6. To lay aside ; to dismiss from possession. 7. To leave. 8. To set down and leave. 9. To quit ; to suffer to cease. 10. To let go ; to dismiss from association. 11. To suffer to end or come to nothing. 12. To bedrop ; to speckle ; to variegate, as if by sprinkling with drops. 13. To lower. DROP, V. i. 1. To distill ; to fall in small portions, globules or drops, as a liquid. 2. To let drops fall ; to dischai-ge itself in drops. 3. To fall ; to descend suddenly or ab- ruptly. 4. To fall spontaneously. 5. To die, or to die suddenly. 6. To come to an end ; to cease ; to be neglect- ed and come to nothmg. 7. To come unexpectedly; with in or into. 8. To fall short of a mark ; [not usual.] 9. To fall lower. 10. To be deep in extent. 7^0 drop astern, in seamen^s language, is to pass or move to- wards the stern ; to move back ; or to slacken the velocity of a vessel to let another pass beyond her. — To drop down, in seamen's lang%i.age, is to sail, row or move down a river, or toward the sea. DROP'-SE-ReNE', 71. [L. gutta serena.] A disease of the eye ; amaurosis, or blindness from a diseased retina. Milton. DROP'-STONE, n. Spar in the shape of drops. DROP'-WoRT, 71. The name of a plant. DROP'LET, 71. A little drop. Shak. DROPPED, pp. Let fall ; distflled ; laid aside ; dismissed j let go ; sufiered to subside ; sprinkled or variegated. DROP'PING, ppr. Falling in globules ; distilling ; foiling ; laying aside ; dismissing ; quitting ; suffering to rest 01 subside ; variegating with ornaments like drops. DROPPING, n. 1. The act of dropping ; a distilling j a fall- ing. 2. That which drops. DROP'PING-LY, adv. By drops. Huloet. DROP'SI-€AL, a. 1. Diseased with dropsy ; hydropical ; incluied to the dropsy. 2. Partaking of the natm-e of the dropsv. DROP'SIED, a. Diseased with dropsy. Shak. DROP'SY, 71. [L. hydrops.] In medicine, an unnatural col- lection of water, in any part of the boby, proceeding from a greater effusion of serum by the exhalant arteries, than the absorbents take up. DROSS, n. [Sax. dros.] 1. The recrement or despumation of metals ; the scum or extraneous matter of metals, thrown off in the process of melting. 2. Rust ; crust of metals ; an incrustation fonned on metals by oxydation. 3. Waste matter ; refuse ; any worthless matter separated from the better part ; impure matter. DROSS'I-NESS, 7!. Foulness ; mst ; impurity ; a state of being drossy. Boyle. DROSS'Y, a. 1. Like dross ; pertaining to dross. 2. Full of dross ; abounding with scorious or recrementitious mat- ter. 3. Worthless ; foul ; impure. t DROTCH'EL, n. An idle wench ; a sluggard. DROUGHT, (drout) ) n. [contracted from Sax. drugothe ; J). DROUTH, ) droogte : from drigan, or drygan, to dry. The original word drouth, as written in the time of Bacon, is still in common use. 1. Dryness ; want of rain or of water ; particularly, dryness of the weather, which affects the earth, and prevents the growth of plants; aridness ; aridity. 2. Dryness of the throat and mouth 3 thirst ; want of drink. DROUGHT'I-NESS, or DROUTH'I-NESS, n. A state of dryness of the weather ; want of rain. DROUGHT'Y, or DROUTH'Y, a. 1. Dry as the weath- er ; arid ; wanting rain. 2. Thirsty j dry ; wanting drink. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 1 DRU 278 DRY -^ fDROUM'Y, a. Troubled; dirty- Bacon. Chaucer has drovy PROVE, pret. of drive. DROVE, n. f^Sax. draf.] 1. A collection of cattle driven; a number of animals, as oxen, sheep or swine, driven in a body. 2. Any collection of irrational animals, moving or driving forward. 3. A crowd of people in motion. 4. A road for driving cattle ; [English.] fDRoVEN, part, from drive. DRoV'ER, 71. 1. One who drives cattle or sheep to market. Usually, in JVew England, a man who makes it his busi- ness to purchase fat cattle and drive them to market. 2. A boat driven by the tide. Spenso-. DROWN, V. t. [Dan. drugner.] I. To overwhelm in water; and, appropriately, to extinguish life by immersion in water or other fluid. 2. To overwhelm in water. 3. To overflow ; to deluge ; to inundate. 4. To immerse ; to plunge and lose ; to overwhelm. 5. To overwhelm ; to overpower. DROWN, V. i. To be suffocated in water or other fluid ; to perish in water. DROWNED, pp. Deprived of life by immersion in a fluid ; overflowed ; inundated ; overwhelmed. DROWN'ER, n. He or that which drowns. DROWN'ING, ppr. Destroying life by submersion in a liquid ; overflowing ; overwhelming. DROWSE, (drowz) v. i. [Old Belgic, droosen.] 1. To sleep imperfectly or unsoundly ; to slumber ; to be heavy with sleepiness. 2. To look heavy ; to be heavy or dull. DROWSE, V. t. To make heavy with sleep ; to make dull or stupid. .Milton. fDROWSI-HED, ?i. Sleepiness. Spenser. DROWS'I-LY, adv. 1. Sleepily ; heavily ; in a dull, sleepy manner. 2. Sluggishly ; idly ; slothfully ; lazily. DROWS'I-NESS; 71. 1. Sleepiness ; heaviness with sleep ; disposition to sleep. 2. Sluggishness; sloth; idleness; inactivity. DROW^S'Y, a. 1. Inclined to sleep ; sleepy ; heavy with sleepiness ; lethargic ; comatose. 2. Dull ; sluggish ; stu- pid. 3. Disposing to sleep ; lulling. DROWS'Y-HEAD'ED, a. Heavy ; having a sluggish dispo- sition. Fotherby. DRUB, V. t. [Sw. draoba.] To beat with a stick; to thrash ; to cudgel. DRUB, n. A blow with a stick or cudgel ; a thump ; a knock. DRUBBED, pp. Beat with a cudgel ; beat soundly. DRUB'BINCt, ppr. Beating with a cudgel ; beating soundly. DRUB'BING, n. A cudgeling ; asound beating. DRUD6E, (druj) v. i. [Scot, drug.] To work hard ; to labor in mean offices ; to labor with toil and fatigue. DRUD6E, n. One who works hard, or labors with toil and fatigue ; one who labors hard in servile employments ; a slave. DRUDG'ER, n., 1. A drudge. 2. A drudging-box. See Dredging-box. DRUDG'ER-Y, n. Hard labor ; toilsome work ; ignoble toil : hard work in servile occupations. DRUDG'ING, ppr. Laboring hard ; toiling. DRUDG'ING-BOX. See Dredging-box. DRUDG'ING-LY, adv. With labor and fatigue ; labori- ously. DRUG, n. [Fr. drogiie.] 1. The general name of substances used in medicine, sold by the druggist, and compounded by apothecaries and physicians ; any substance, vegeta- ble, animal or mineral, which is used in the composition or preparation of medicines. 2. Any commodity that lies on hand, or is not salablfe ; an article of slow sale, or in no demand in market. 3. A mortal drug, or a deadly drug, is -poKon. 4. [Scot, drug.] A drudge. DRUG, V. i. To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines. DRUG, V. t. 1. To season with drugs or ingredients. 2. To tincture with something offensive. fDRUG'GER, n. A druggist. Burton. DRUG'GER-MAN. See Dragoman. DRUG'GET, 71. [Fr. droguet.] A cloth or thin stuff" of wool, or of wool and thread, corded or plain, usually plain. DRUG GIST, 71. [Fr. droguisf.e.] One who deals in drugs ; properly, one whose occupation is merely to buy and sell drugs, without compounding or preparation.— In America, the same person often carries on the business of the drug- gist and the apothecary. f-DRUG'STER, 71. A druggist. Boyle. DRtJ ID, 71. [Ir. Draoi, formerly Drui, a magician, a Druid.] A priest or minister of religion, among the ancient Celtic nations in Gaul, Britain and Germany. DRU-ID'I&AL i °- I'ertaining to the Druids. DRO'ID-ISM, n. The system of religion, philosophy and in- struction taught by the Druids ; or their doctrines, rites and ceremonies. DRUM, n. [D. trom, trommel.] 1. A martial instrument of music, in form of a hollow cylinder, and covered at the ends with vellum, which ia stretched or slackened at pleasure. — 2. In machinery, a short cylinder revolving on an axis, generally for the purpose of turning several small wheels, by means of straps passing round its periphery. — 3. The drum of the ear, the tympanum, or barrel of t)ie ear ; the hollow part of the ear, behind the membrane of the tympanum. 4. A round box containing figs. DRUM, V. i. 1. To beat a drum with sticks ; to beat or play a tune on a drum. 2. To beat with the fingers, as with drum-sticks ; to beat with a rapid succession of strokes. 3. To beat, as the heart. DRUM, V. t. To expel with beat of drum. Military phrase. IDRUM'BLE, V. i. To drone ; to be sluggish. Shak. DRUM'-FISH, 71. A fish, found on the coast of N. America. fDRUM'LY, a. [W. trojn.] Thick; stagnant; muddy. DRUM'-Ma-JOR, n. The chief or first drummer of a regi- ment. DRUM'-Ma-KER, n. One who makes drums. DRUM'MER, n. One whose office is to beat the drum, in military exercises and marching ; one who drums. DRUM'-STieK, 71. The stick with which a drum is beaten, or a stick shaped for the purpose of beating a drum. DRUNK, a. 1. Intoxicated; inebriated; overwhelmed or overpowered by spirituous liquor ; stupified or inflamed by the action of spirit on the stomach and brain. 2. Drenched, or saturated with moisture or liquor. DRUNPI'ARD, 71. One given to ebriety or an excessive use of strong liquor ; a person who habitually or frequently is drunk. DRUNK'EN, (drunk'n) a. 1. Intoxicated ; inebriated with strong liquor. 2. Given to drunkenness. 3. Saturated with liquor or moisture ; drenched. 4. Proceeding from intoxication ; done in a state of drunkenness. DRUNK'EN-LY, adv. In a drunken manner. [Little used.] DRUNK'EN-NESS, 71. 1. Intoxication ; inebriation ; a state in which a person is overwhelmed or overpowered with spirituous liquors, so that his reason is disordered, and he reels or staggers in walking. 2. Habitual ebriety or intox- ication. 3. Disorder of the faculties resembling intoxica- tion by liquors ; inflammation ; frenzy ; rage. DRUPE, 7?. [L. drupx.] In botany, a pulpy pericarp or fruit without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel, as the plum, peach, &c. DRU-Pa'CEOUS, a. 1. Producing drupes. 2. Pertaining to drupes ; or consisting of drupes. DRUSE, n. [G. druse.] Am.ong miners, a cavity in a rock, having its interior surface studded with crystals, or filled wjth water. DRu'SY, a. Abounding with very minute crystals. DRY, a. [Sax. dri, drig, or dryg.] 1, Destitute of moisture ; free from water of wetness ; arid ; not moist. 2. Not rainy ; free from rain or mist. 3. Not juicy ; free from juice, sap or aqueous matter ; not green. 4. Without tears. 5. Not giving milk. 6. Thirsty ; craving drink. 7. Barren ; jejune ; plain ; unembellished ; destitute of pathos, or of that which amuses and interests. 8. Severe ; sarcastic ; wiping. 9. Severe ; wiping. 10. Dry goods, in commerce, cloths, stuffs, silks, laces, &c., in distinction from groceries. DRY, V. t. [Sax. drigan, adrigan, or drygan, adrygan, ad- rugan, gedrigan.] "l. To free from water, or from mois- ture of any kind, and by any means. 2. To deprive of moisture by evaporation or exhalation. 3. To deprive of moisture by exposure to the sun or open air. 4. To de- prive of natural juice, sap or greenness. 5. To scorch or parch with thirst ; with iip. 6. To deprive of water by draining; to drain; to exhaust. — To dry up, to deprive wholly of water. DRY, V. i. 1. To grow dry ; to lose moisture ; to become free from moisture or juice. 2, To evaporate wholly ; to be exhaled. DRY'AD, 71. [L. dry odes, plu.] In mythology, a deity or nymph of the woods ; a nymph supposed to preside over woods. DRYED, pp. of dry. See Dried. DRY'ER, n. He or that which dries ; that which exhausts of moisture or greenness. DRY'EyED, a. Not having tears in the eyes. DRY'FAT, n. A dry vat or basket. DRY'FOOT, 71. A dog that pursues game by the scent of the foot. DRY'ING, ppr. Expelling or losing moisture, sap or green- ness. DRY'ING, n. The act or process of depriving of moisture or greenness. DRY'ITE, 71. Fragments of petrified or fossil wood, in which ' th^ structure of the wood is recognized. DRy'LY, adv. 1. Without moisture. 2. Coldly ; frigidly ; without affection. 3. Severely ; sarcastically. 4. Barren- ly ; without embellishment ; without any thing to enliven, enrich or entertain. DRY'NESSj n. I . Destitution of moisture ; want of water or other fluid ; siccity ; aridity ; aridness. 2. Want of rain. 3. Want of juice or succulence. 4. Want of succulence or greenness. 5. Barrenness ; jejuneness ; want of ornament. * See Synopsis. A,E, I, o, U, Y, long.—F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARiN£, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. DUG 279 DUL or pathos ; want of that which enlivens and entertains. 6. Want of feeling or sensibility in devotion ; want of ar- dor. DR-^'NURSE, n. 1. A nurse who attends and feeds a child witliout the breast. 2. One who attends another in sick- ness, DRY'NURSE, t). «. To feed, attend and bring up without the breast. Hudibras. DRy'RUB, v. t. To rub and cleanse without wetting. DRY-SALT'ER, n. A dealer in salted or dry meats, pickles, sauces, &c. Fordyce. DRY''SHOD, a. Without wetting the feet. Du'AL, a. VL. dualis.'] Expressing the number two. DU-AL-IS'Tie, a. Consisting of two. DU-AL'1-TY, n, 1. That which expresses two in number. 2. Division ; separation. 3. The state or quality of being two. DUB, V. i. [Sax. duhban.] Literally, to strike. Hence, 1. To strike a blow with a^ sword, and make a knight. 2. To confer any dignity or nevs^ character. DUB, V. i. To make a quick noise.- Bcauinont. DUB, n. I. A blow 5 [little zised.] 2. In Irish, a puddle. DUBBED, pp. Struck ; made a knight. DUB'BING, ppr. Striking ; making a knight. DU-Bl'E-TY, n. Doubtfulness. [Little used.] DU-BI-08'I-TY, n. A thing doubtful. Brown. Du'BI-OUSj a. [I* dubius.] 1. Doubtful ; wavering or fluc- tuating in opinion ; not settled ; not determined. 2. Un- certain ; that of which the trutli is not ascertained or known. 3. Not clear j not plain. 4. Of uncertain event or issue. DtJ'BI-OUS-LY, adv. Doubtfully ; uncertainly. Dti'BI-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Doubtfulness ; a si^te of wavering and indecision of mind. 2. Uncertainty DU'BI-TA-BLE, a. [L. duUto.] Doi3 lo^o word.] Spectator. t DUM'MER-ER, n. One who feigns dumbness. DUM' MY, 71. One who is dumb, [.d low expression.] DUMP, n. [D. dom.] 1. A dull, gloomy state of the mind; sadness ; melancholy ; sorrow ; heaviness of heart. 2. Ab- sence of mind ; rever}\ 3. A melancholy tune or air. DUMP'ISH, a. Dull ; stupid ; sad ; melancholy ; depressed in spirits. DUMP'ISH-LY, adv. In a moping manner. DUMP'ISH-NESS, n. A state of being dull, heavy and moping. DUMP'LING, n. A kind of pudding or mass of paste in cookery ; usually, a cover of paste inclosing an apple and boiled. DUMP'Y, a. Short and thick. DUN, a. [Sax. dami.] I. Of a dark color; of a color partak- ing of a brown and black ; of a dull brown color ; swarthy. 2. Dark ; gloomy. DUN, V. t. To cure, as fish, in a manner to give them a dun color. See Dunning. DUN, u. i. [Sax. dynan.] 1. To clamor for payment of a debt ; to urge for payment ; to demand a debt in a press- ing manner; to call for payment. 2. To urge importu- nately. DUN, n. 1. An importunate creditor, who urges for pay- ment. 2. An urgent request or demand of payment in writing. 3. An eminence ; a mound. DUNCE, (duns) 71. [G. duns.] A person of weak intellect; a dullard ; a dolt ; a thickskull. DUN'CER-Y, 71. Dullness ; stupidity. Smith. DUNCH, a. Deaf. Grose. West of England. t DUN'CI-FY, V. t. To make stupid in intellect. DUN'DER, n. [Sp. redundar.] Lees ; dregs ; a word used in Jamaica. DUNE, 71. A hill. See Down. DUN -FISH, 71. Codfish cured in a particular manner. DUNG, 71. [Sax. dung.] The excrement of animals. DUNG, V. t. To manure with dung. Dryden. DUNG, V. i. To void excrement. DUNGED, pp. Manured with dung. DUNGE6N, (dun'jun) n. [Fr. dongeon, or donjon.] I. A close prison, or a deep, dark place of confinement. 2. A subterraneous place of close confinement. DUN'GEoN, V. t. To confine in a dungeon. Hall. DUNG'FORK, n. A fork used to throw dung. DUNG'HILL, 71. 1. A heap of dung. 2. A mean or vile abode. 3. Any mean situation or condition. 4. A term of reproach for a man meanly born ; inot used.] DUNG'HILL, a Sprung from the dunghill ; mean ; low ; base ; vile. Shak. DUNG'Y, o. Full of dung ; filthy ; vile. Shak. DUN(JJYARD, 71. A yard where dung is collected. DUNGLIN, n. A fowl, a species of sandpiper. Pennant. DUN'NA6E, 71. Fagots, ooughs or loose wcod lai4 on the bottom of a ship to raise heavy goods above the bottom. DUNNED, pp. Importuned to pay a debt ; urged. DUN'NER, n. [from dmi.] One employed in soliciting the payment of debts. Spectator. DUN'NING, ppr. Urging for payment of a debt, or for th» obtaining a request ; importuning. DUN'NING, ppr. or n. The operation of curing codfish, in such a manner aa to give it a particular color and quality. DUN'NISH, a. Inclined to a dun color; somewhat dun. DUN'NY, a. Deaf; dull of apprehension. [Local.] Grose. Du'O, n. [L. ; two.] A song in two parts. DU-0-DE€-A-HE'DRAL, ) SeeDoDECAHEDRAL.DoDECA- DU-0-DE€-A-He'DR0N, \ HEDRON. DU-0-DEC'IM-FID, a. [L. duodecim and findo.] Divided into twelve parts, DU-0-DEC'I-MO, a, [L. duodecim.] Having or consisting of twelve leaves to a sheet. DU-0-DEC'I-MO, n. A book in which a sheet is folded into twelve leaves. DU-0-DE€'U-PLE, a. [L. duo and deciiplus.] Consisting of twelves. Arbuthnot. DU-OD iJ-NUM, 71. [L.] The first of the small intestines. DU-0-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. duo and litera.] Consisting of two letters only ; biliteral. Stuart. DUP, V. t. [do and t^;.] To open. [A low word.] DUPE, n. [Fr. dupe.] A person who is deceived ; or one easily led astray by his credulity. DUPE, V. t. [Fr. duper.\ To deceive; to trick; to mislead by imposing on one's credulity. Du'PI-ON, 71. A double cocoon, formed by two or mora silk- worms. DU'PLE, a. [L. duplus.] Double. DU'PLI-€ATE, a. [L. duplicatus.] Double ; twofold.— Pm- plicate proportion or ratio is the proportion or ratio of squares. Du'PLI-€ATE, 7i. 1. Another corresponding to the first; or a second thing of the same kind. 2. A copy ; a tran- script. Du'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [L. duplico.] To double ; to fold. DU-PLI-€a'TION, 71. 1. The act of doubling; the multipli- cation of a number by 2. 2, A folding ; a doubling ; also, a fold. Du'PLI-€A-TURE, n. A doubling ; a fold.— In anatomy^ the fold of a membrane or vessel. DU-PLIC'I-TY, 7?. [Fr. duplicite.] 1. Doubleness ; the number two. 2. Doubleness of heart or speech ; tlie act of dissembling one's real opinions, with a design to mis- lead ; double-dealing ; dissimulation ; deceit. — 3. In law, duplicity is the pleading of two or more distinct matters or single pleas. DU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The power of lasting or continuing, in any given state, without perishing. DU'RA-BLE, a. [L. durabilis.] Having the quality of last- ing or continuing long in being, without perishing or wear- ing out. DU'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Power of lasting ; durability. Du'RA-BLY, adv. In a lasting manner ; with long contin- uance. Du'RANCE, 71. [L. duro.] 1. Imprisonment ; restraint of the person; custody of the jailer. 2. Continuance; du- ration. See Endurance. DU-RANT', 72. A glazed woolen stuff; called by some ev- erlasting. DU-RS^TION, 71. 1. Continuance in time ; length or ex- tension of existence, indefinitely. 2. Power of continu- ance. DUR'DUM, n. A great noise or uproar. Grose. t DURE, v. i. [L. duro ; Fr. durer.] To last ; to hold on in time or being ; to continue ; to endure. tDuRE'FUL, a. Lasting. Spenser. DuRE'LESS, a. Not lasting; fading. Raleigh. *DU-RESS', n. [Norm, duresse, durette.] 1, Literally, hardship; hence, constraint. — Technically, duress, in law, is of two kinds ; duress of imprisonment, which is impris- onment or restraint of personal liberty ; and duress by menaces or threats [per minas,] when a person is threat- ened with loss of life or limb. 2. Imprisonment ; restraint of liberty. DuR'ING, ppr. of dure, [commonly, though not correctly, classed among prepositions.] Continuing; lasting; hold- ing on ; as, during life. Du'RI-TY, n. [Fr. durete.] I. Hardness; firmness. 2. Hardness of mind ; harshness ; [little v^ed.] t DU'ROUS, a. Hard. Smith. DURiRA, n. A kind of millet, cultivated in North Africa. DURST, prei. of dare. [D. dorst.] DUSE, 71. A demon or evil spirit. What the duse is the matter ? The duse is in you. [ Vulgar.] DUSK, a. [D. duister ; G. duster.] 1. Tending to dark- ness, or moderately dark. 2. Tending to a dark or black color ; moderately black. Milton. DUSK, 71. 1. A tending to darkness ; incipient or imperfect ♦ Sec Synopsis. A, E, I O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;- PREY;— PIN, MARINE, EtRDj- f Obsolete. DWA 281 DYS obscurity ; a middle degree between light and darkness ; twilight. 2. Tendency to a black color ; darkness of col- or. Dry den. DUSK, V. t. To make dusky. [Little v^ed.'] DUSK, V. i. To begin to lose light or whiteness : to grow dark, [Little used.] I)USK'I-L5(^, adv. With partial darkness ; with a tendency to blackness or darkness. ])USK'I-NESS, n. Incipient or partial darkness ; a slight or moderate degree of darkness or blackness. DUSK'ISH, a. Moderately dusky ; partially obscure ; slight- ly dark or black. Spenser. DUSKiSH-LY, adv. Cloudily ; darkly. Bacon. DUSK'ISH-NESS, n. Duskiness ; approach to darkness. DUSK'Y, a. 1. Partially dark or obscure ; not luminous. 2. I'ending to blackness in color ; partially black ; dark- colored ; not bright. 3. Gloomy ; sad. 4. Intellectually clouded. .OUST, n. [Sax. dost, dyst ; Scot, dust.] 1. Fine dry par- ticles of earth or other matter, so attenuated that it may be raised and wafted by the wind ; powder. 2. Fine dry particles of earth ; fine e>arth. 3. Earth ; unorganized earthy matter. 4. The grave. 5. A low condition. DUST, V. t. 1. To free from dust ; to brush, wipe or sweep away dust. 2. To sprinkle with dust. 3. To levigate. DUST'-BHUSH, n. A brush for cleaning rooms and furni- ture. DUST'EE, 71. An utensil to clear from dust ; also, a sieve. DUSTT-NESS, n. The state of being dusty. DUST'-MAN, 71. One whose employment is to carry away dirt and filth. Gay. DUST'Y, a. 1. Filled, covered or sprinkled with dust ; clouded with dust. 2. Like dust; of the color of dust. DUTCH, 7t. The people of Holland; also, their language. DUTCH, a. Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants. DUTCH'Y. See Duchy. Du'TE-OUS, a. 1. Performmg that which is due, or that which law, justice or propriety requires; obedient. 2. Obedient ; obsequious. 3. Enjoined by duty, or by the relation of one to another ; [little used.] DU'TI-A-BLE, a. Subject to the imposition of duty or cus- toms ; as dutiable goods. Supreme Court, U. S. Du'TIED, a Subjected to duties or customs. Ames. Du'TI-FUL, a. 1. Performing tlie duties or obligations re- quired by law, justice or propriety ; obedient ; submissive to natural or legal superiors ; respectful. 2. Expressive of respect or a selise of duty ; respectful ; reverential ; re- quired by duty. Du'TI-FUL-LY, adv. In a dutiful manner ; with a regard to duty ; obediently ; submissively ; reverently ; respect- fully. S^ci/I. Du'TI-FUL-NESS, n. 1. Obedience ; submission to just authority; habitual performance of duty. 2. Reverence; respect. Du'TY, 7i. 1, That which a person owes to another ; that which a person is bound, by f>ny natural, moral or legal obligation, to pay, do or perform. 2. Forbearance of that which is forbid by morality, lav/, justice or propriety. 3. Obedience ; submission. 4. Act of reverence or respect. 5. The business of a soldier or marme on guard. 6. The business of war; military service. 7. Tax, toll, impost, or customs ; excise ; any sum of money required by gov- ernment to be paid on the importation, exportation, or consumption of goods. DU-UM'VIR, 71. [L. duo and rzV.] One of two Roman of- ficers or magistrates united in tlie same public functions. DU-UM'V[-RAL, a. Pertaining to the duumvirs or du- umvirate of Rome. DU-UM'VI-RATE, 71. The union of two men in the same office ; or the olfice, dignity or government of two men thus associated ; as in ancient Rome. DWAJjE, 71. 1. In heraldry, a sable or black color. 2. The deadly nightshade, a plant, or a sleepy potion. DWARF, n. [Sax. dwerg, dweora-.] 1. A general name for an animal or plant which is much below the ordinary size of the species or kind. A man that never grows be- yond two or three feet in height is a dwarf. 2. An attend- ant on a lady or knight in romances. DWARF, V. t. To hinder from growing to the natural size ; to lessen ; to make or keep small. DWARF'ISH, a. Like a dwarf; below the common stature or size ; very small ; low ; petty ; despicable. DWARF'ISH-LY, adv. Like a dwarf. DWARF'ISH-NESS, n. Smallness of stature ; littleness of size. T DWAQL, V. i. [Sax. dwelian, dwolian.] To be delirious. DWELL, V. i.j pret. dwelled, usually contracted into dwelt. [Dan. dewier.] 1. To abide as a permanent resident, or to inhabit for a time ; to live in a place. 2. To be in any state or condition ; to continue. 3. To continue ; to be fixed in attention ; to hang upon with fondness. 4. To continue long. DWELL, as a verb transitive, is not used. DWELL'ER, n. An inhabitant ; a resident. DW^ELL'ING, ppr. Inhabiting ; resi-ding ; sojourning ; con- tinuing with fixed attention. DWELL'ING, n. 1. Habitation ; place of residence ; abode. 2. Continuance; residence; state of life. DWELL'ING-HOUSE, n. The house in which one lives, DWELL'mG-PLACE, n. The place of residence. DWIN'DLE, V. i. [Sax. dwinan.] 1. To diminish : to be- come less ; to shrink ; to waste or consume away. ' 2. To degenerate ; to sink ; to fall away. DWIN'DLE, V. t. 1. To make less ; to bring low. 2. To break ; to disperse. DWIN'DLED, a. Shrunk ; diminished in size. DW^IN'DLING, pjyr. Falling away ; becoming less ; pin- ing ; consuming ; moldering away. DWINE, V. i. To faint ; to grow feeble ; to pine. J\rorth of England. DYE, V. t. [Sax. deagan.] To stain ; to color ; to give a new and permanent color to ; applied particularly to cloth or the materials of cloth. DyBB, pp. Stained; colored. D?E'ING, ppr. Staining ; giving a new and permanent color. DltE'ING, n. The art or practice of giving new and perma- nent colors ; the art of coloring cloth, hats, &c. DYER, 71. One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the like. DY'ING, ppr. [from die.] 1. Losing life ; perishing ; expir- ing ; fading away ; languishing. 2. a. Mortal ; destined to death. DY'ING, n. Death, 2 Cor. 4. DY'ING-LY, adv. As at the moment of giving up the ghost. DY-NAM'E-TER, 71. [Gr. Svvajxig and nerpso).] An instru- ment for determining the magnifying power of telescopes. DYN-A-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to a dynameter. DY-NAM'I-€AL, a. [Gr. Svvanis.] Pertainmg to strength or power. DY-NAM'I€S, 71. The branch of meclianical philosophy which treats of moving powers, or the action of forces", when they give rise to motion. DYN-A-MOJM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measuring the relative strength of men and other animals. DY'NAST, 71. A ruler ; a governor ; a prince ; a govern- ment. DY-NAST'I€, a. Relating to a dynasty or line of kings. *DY'NAS-TY, 71. [Gr. ovvacrsia.] Government; sove- reignty ; or rather a race or succession of kings of the same line or family, who govern a particular country. DYS'€RA-SY, 7i. [Gr. SvaK^aaia.] In medicine, an ill habit or state of the humors ; distemperature of the juices. DYS-EN-TER'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to dysentery; accom- panied with dysentery ; proceeding from dysentery. 2, Afiiicted with dysenlery, DYS'EN-TER-Y, n. [L. dysenteria.] A flux in which the stools consist chiefly of blood and mucus or other morbid matter, accompanied with griping of the bowels, and fol- lowed by tenesmus. DYS'NO-MY, 71. [Gr. Svavojxia ] 111 ordering of laws; or the enacting bad laws. Cockeram DYS'0-DILE, 71. A species of coal DYS'0-REX-Y, 7!. [Gr. 5vs and opc^is.] A bad or depraved appetite ; a want of appetite. *DYS-PEP'SY, n. [Gr. Svcnrexpia.] Bad digestion ; indiges- tion, or difiiculty of digestion, DYS-PEP'Tie, a. 1. Afflicted with indigestion. 2. Per- taining to or consisting in dyspepsy. DYS'PHO-NY, n. [Gr. 8va to fight or scufile ; to quarrel. To go together by the ears, ) To set by the ears, to make strife ; to cause to quarrel. JeAR, v. i. To shoot, as an ear ; to form ears, as corn. f kAR, 7;. t. [L. aro.] To plough or till. ■|;^EAR'A-BLE, a. Used to be tilled. Barret. EAR'a€HE, 71. [See Ache.] Pain in the ear. f EAR'AL, a. Receiving by the ear. Heioyt. EAR'-BoRED, a. Having the ear perforated. Hall. EAR'-DEAF'EN-ING, a. Stunning the ear with noise. Shak. EATIED, pp. Having ears ; having spikes formed, as corn. EAR'-E-RE€T'ING, ffl. Settingup the ears. Cowper. EAR'ING, n. In seamen's language, SismaM rope employed to fasten the upper corner of a sail to its yard. EAR'ING, 71. A ploughing of land. Oen. xliv. eAR'LAP, 71. The tip of the ear. eAR'LOGK, 71. [Sax. ear-Zoca.] A lock or curl of hair, near the ear. EAR'MARK, n. A mark on the ear, by which a sheep is _ known. eAR'MARK, v. t. To mark, as a sheep by cropping or slitting the ear. EAR PICK, n. An instrument for cleansing the ear. eAR'-PIER-CING, a. Piercing the ear, as a shrill or sharp sound. eAR'RING, 71. A pendant; an ornament, sometimes set with diamonds, pearls or other jewels, worn at the ear, by means of a ring passing through the lobe. eAR'SHOT, 71. Reach of the ear ; the distance at which _ words may be heard. Dryden. EAR'WAX, n. The cerumen ; a thick, viscous substance, secreted by the glands of the ear into the outer passage. EARWIG, n. [Sax. ear-wigga, ear-wicga.] A genus of insects of the order of coleopters. In JVejo England, this name is vulgarly given to a species of centiped. eAR'-WIT'NEsS, n. One who is able to give testimony to a fact from his own hearing. EARL, (erl) n. [Sax. eorl.] A British title of nobility, or a nobleman, the third in rank, being next below a marquis, and next above a viscount. EAIIL'DOM, (erl'dum) n. The seignory, jurisdiction or dig- nity of an earl. EARL'DOll-MAN, n. An ealderman. Burke. t EARLES'-PEN-NY, n. Money given in part payment. EARL-MARfSHAL, n. An officer in Great Britain, who _ has the superhitendence of military solemnities. eAR'LESS, a. Destitute of ears ; disinclined to hear or listen. EAR'LI-NESS, (er'le-nes) n. A state of advance or for- wardness ; a state of being before any thing, or at the beginning. EAR'LY, (er'ly) a. [from Sax. aa-, er.] 1. In advance of something else ; prior in time ; forward. 2. First; being at the beginning. 3. Being in good season. EAR'LY, (ei'ly) adv. Soon ; in good season ; betimes. EARN, (ern) v. t. [Sax. earnian, mrnian, gearvian.] 1. To merit or deserve by labor, or by any performance ; to do that which entitles to a reward, whether the reward is received or not. 2. To gain by labor, service or perform- ance ; to deserve and receive as compensation. EARN, V. i. [G. gerinnen.] To curdle. EARN, ?;. i. [Sax. gyrnan.] To long for ; to feel anxiety, Spenser. See Yearn. EARNED, (ernd) pp. Merited by labor or performance ; gained. EARN'EST, (ern est) a. [Sa.x. earnest, or geornest.] 1. Ar dent in the pursuit of an object ; eager to obtain ; having a longing desire ; warmly engaged or incited. 2. Ardent ; warm ; eager ; zealous ; animated ; importunate. 3. In- tent ; fixed. 4. Important ; serious ; that is, really intent or engaged. EARN'EST, (ern'est) n. 1. Seriousness ; a reality ; a real event ; as opposed tojesting or feigned appearance. Sidney. 2. First fruits ; that which is in advance, and gives prom- ise of something to come. EARN'EST-LY, (ern'est-ly) adv. 1. Warmly ; zealously ; importunately ; eagerly ; with real desire. 2. With fixed attention ; with eagerness. EARN'EST-NESS, (ern'est-nes) n. 1. Ardor or zeal in the pursuit of any thing; eagerness; animated desire. 2. /iuxious care ; solicitude; intenseness of desire. 3. Fix- ed desire or attention ; seriousness. fEARN'FUL, (ern'ful) a. Full of anxiety. Fletcher. EARN'INGr, (ern'ing) ppr. Meriting by services ; gaining by labor or performance. EARN'IKG, (ern'ing) n. ; phi. Earnings. That which is earned ; that which is gained or merited by labor, ser- vices or performance ; wages ; reward. tEARSH,K. [See Ear, to plough.] A ploughed field. May. EARTH, (erth) n. [Sax. card, eorth, yrth.] 1. Earth, inite primary sense, signifies the particles which compose the mass of the globe, but jnore particularly, the particles v/hich form the fine mold on the surface of the globe ; ot it denotes any indefinite mass or portion of that matter, Tliis substance being considered, by ancient philosophers, as simple, was called an element; and, in popular lan- guage, we still hear of tlie four elements, fire, air, earth. and water. — 2. In chemistry, the term earth was, till lately, employed to denote a simple elementary body or substance, tasteless, inodorous, uninflammable and infu- sible. But it has also been applied to substances which have a very sensible alkaline taste, as lime. The primi- tive earths are reckoned ten in number, viz., silex, alumin, lime, magnesia, barytes, strnntian, zircon, glucin, yttria, and thorina. Silliman. 3. The terraqueous globe which * See Synopsis A, E, 1, O, U ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PTN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— + Obsolete. EAS 283 EBB earth. Dryden. 2. To we inhabit. 4. The world, as opposed to other scenes of existence. S. The inhabitants of the globe. 6. Dryland, opposed to the sea. 7. Country; region; a distinct part of the globe. 8. The ground ; the surface of the earth.— 9. In Scripture, things on the earth are carnal, sensual, temporary things ; opposed to heavenly, spiritual or divine things. — 10. Figur atively, SlXow CiynAitiow. Rev. xii. 11. [from ear. Sax. erian, L. aro, to plough.] The act of turn- ing up the ground in tillage ; [not used.] EARTH, V. t. 1. To hide in the eartl cover with earth or mold. EARTH, V. i. To retire under ground ; to burrow, EARTH BAG, n. A bag filled with earth, used for defense in war. EARTH'BANK, n. A bank or mound of earth. EARTH'BOARD, w. The board of a plough that turns over the earth ; the mold-board. EARTH'BORN, a. 1. Born of the earth ; terrigenous ; springing originally from the earth. 2. Eartldy ; terrestrial. EARTH'BOUND, a. Fastened by the pressure of the earth. EARTH'BRED, a. Low ; abject ; groveling. EARTH'-€RE-aT'ED, a. Formed of earth. Youtkt. EARTH'EN, (erth'n) a. Made of earth ; made of clay. EARTH'FED, a. Low; abject. B. Jonson. EARTH'FLAa, w, Amianth j a fibrous, ilexile, elastic min- EARTH'1-NESS, n. The quality of being earthy, or of con- taining earth ; grossness. Johnson. EARTH'LI-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being earthly ; gross- ness. . 2. Worldliness ; strong attachment to worldly things. EARTH'LING, n. An inhabitant of tlie earth ; a mortal ; a frail creature. Drummond. EARTH'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the earth, or to this world. 2. Not heavenly; vile; mean. 3. Belonging to our pres- ent state. 4. Belonging to the earth or world ; carnal ; vile ; as opposed to spiritual or heavenly. 5. Corporeal ; not mental. EARTH'LY-MIND'ED, a. Having a mind devoted to earthly things. EARTH'LY-MiND'ED-NESS, n. Grossness ; sensuality ; extreme devotedness to earthly objects. EARTH'NUT, n. The groundnut, or root of the arachis ; a small round bulb or knob, like a nut. EARTH'NUT, n. The pignut, or bunium ; a globular root. EARTH'Q,UAKE, n. A shaking, trembling or concussion of the earth ; sometimes a slight tremor ; at other times a violent shaking or convulsion ; at other times a rocking or heaving of the earth. EARTH'SHaK-ING, a. Sliaking the earth ; having power to shake the earth. Milton. EARTH'WoRM, n. I. The dew-worm, a species of Zwm- bricus ; a worm that lives under ground. 2. A mean, sordid wretch. E ARTH'Y, a. I. Consisting of earth. 2. Resembling earth. 3. Partaking of earth ; terrene. 4. Inhabiting the earth ; terrestrial. 5. Relating to earth. 6. Gross; not refined. 7. Earthy fracture, in mineralogy, is when the fracture of _ a mineral is rough. EASE, (eze) n. [Pr. aise ; Arm. aez.] 1. Rest ; an undis- turbed state. Applied to the body, freedom from pain, disttirbance, excitement or annoyance. — 2. Applied to the mind, a quiet state ; tranquillity ; freedom from pain, concern, anxiety, solicitude, or anything that frets or ruffles the mind. 3. Rest from labor. 4. Facility ; free- dom from difficulty or great labor. 5. Freedom from stiff- ness, harshness, forced expressions, or unnatural arrange- ment, 6. Freedom from constraint or formality ; unaf- fectedness. — J!t ease, in an undisturbed state ; free from pain or anxiety. £ASE, V. t. 1. To free from pain or any disquiet or annoy- ance, as the body ; to relieve ; to give rest to. 2. To free from anxiety, care or disturbance, as the mind. 3. To remove a burden from, either of body or mind. 4. To mitigate ; to alleviate ; to assuage ; to abate or remove in part any burden, pain, grief, anxiety or disturbance. 5. To quiet ; to allay ; to destroy. — To ease off or ease away, in seamen^s language, is to slacken a rope gradually.— To ease a ship, is to put the helm hard alee, to prevent _ her pitching, when close-hauled. KASE'FUL, tt. Quiet; peaceful; fit for rest. Shak. EASE FUL-LY, arit). With ease or quiet. Shcrxcood. kAS'EL, 71. The frame on which painters place their canvas. iT.ASE'LESS, a. Wanting ease. Donne, EASEMENT, n. I. Convenience ; accommodation ; that which gives ease, relief or assistance. Swift.— 2. In law, any privilege or convenience which one man has of an- other, either by prescription or charter, without profit ; as a way through his land, &c. EAS'I-LY, adv. I. Without difficulty or great labor ; with- out great exertion, or sacrifice of labor or expense. 2, Without pain, anxiety or disturbance ; in tranquillity. 3. Readily ; without the pain of reluctance. 4. Smoothly ; quietly ; gently ; without tumult or discord. 5. Without violent shaking or jolting. EAS'I-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from difficulty ; ease. 2. Flexibility ; readiness to comply ; prompt compliance ; a yielding or disposition to yield without opposition or re- luctance. 3. Freedom from stiffness, constraint, effort or formality. 4. Rest ; tranquillity ; ease ; freedom from pain. Ray, 5. Freedom from shaking or jolting, as of a _ moving vehicle. 6. Softness. eAS'INGS, 7). plu. 1. The eavea of houses. Grose. JVortk _ of England. 2. Dung ; as, cow's casings. Craven Dialect. EAST, n. [Sax. east.] 1. The point in the heavens, where the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or when it is in the equinoctial, or the corresponding point on the earth ; one of the four cardinal points. 2. The eastern parts of the earth ; the regions or countries which lie east of Europe, _ or other country. EAST, a. Towards the rising sun; or towards the point where the sun rises, when in the equinoctial. eAS'TER, n. [Sax. easter.] A festival of the Christian church, observed in commemoration of our Savior's res- urrection. It answers to the pascha or passover of the Hebrews, and most nations still give it this name, pascha, _ pask, paqite. eAS'TER-LING, n. 1. A native of some country eastward of another. 2. A species of waterfowl. EAS'TER-LING. See Sterling. EAS'TER-LY, a. I. Coming from the eastward. 2. Situ- ated towards the east. 3. Towards the east. 4. Looking _ towards the east. E AS'TER-LY, adv. On the east ; in the direction of east. eAS'TERN, a. [Sax. eastern.'] 1. Oriental ; being or dwelling in the east. 2. Situated towards the east ; on the east part. 3. Going towards the east, or in the direc- _ tion of east. eAST'WARD, adv. Tovv^ard the east ; in the direction of _ east from some point or place. eAS'Y, (e'zy) a. 1. Quiet ; being at rest ; free from pain, disturbance or annoyance. 2. Free from anxiety, care, solicitude or peevishness ; quiet ; tranquil. 3. Giving no pain or disturbance. 4. Not difficult ; that gives or re- quires no great labor or exertion ; that presents no great obstacles. 5. Not causing labor or difficulty. 6. Smooth; not uneven : not rough or very hilly ; that may be trav- eled with ease. 7. Gentle ; moderate ; not pressing. 8. Yielding with little or no resistance ; complying ; credu- lous. 9. Ready; not unwilling. 10. Contented-, satis- fied. 11. Giving ease ; freeing from labor, care or the fatigue of business ; furnishing abundance without toil ; affluent. 12. Not constrained ; not stiff or formal. 13. Smooth; flowing'; not harsh. 14. Not jolting. 15. Not heavy or burdensome. EAT, V. t. ; pret. ate ; pp. eat or eaten. [Sax. hitan, eatan, ytan and etan.] 1. To bite or chew and swallow, as food. 2. To corrode ; to wear away ; to separate parts of a thing gradually. 3. To consume ; to waste. 4. To enjoy. 5. To consume ; to oppress. 6. To feast. — In Scripture, to eat the flesh of Christ, is to believe on him and be nour- ished by faith. — To cat owe'.? words, is to swallow back , _ to take back what has been uttered ; to retract. Hadibras. EAT, v.i. 1 . To take food ; to feed ; to take a meal, or to board. 2. To take food ; to be maintained in food. — To eat, or to eat in or into, is to make way by corrosion ; to gnaw ; to enter by gradually wearing or separating the _ parts of a substance. — To eat out, to consume. eAT'X-BLE, a. That may be eaten ; fit to be eaten; proper _ for food ; esculent. eAT'A-BLE, n. Any thing that may be eaten ; that which _ is fit for food ; that which is used as food. eAT'A6E, n. Food for horses and cattle from the after- math. See After-eatage. EAT'EN, (5'tn) pp. Chewed and swallowed ; consumcvl ; corroded. eAT'ER, n. One who eats ; that which eats or corrodes ; a corrosive. t_EATH, a. and adv. Easy ; easily. kAT'IN'G, ppr. Chewing and swallowing ; consuming ; corroding. eAT'ING-HOUSE, n. A house v/here provisions are sold ready dressed. eAV'ER, or EEV'ER, n. A cornerorquarter of the heavens; as, the wind is in the rainy eaver. Cheshire Gloss. EAVES, n. plu. [Sax. efese.] The edge or lower border of the roof of a building, which overhangs the walls, and casts off the water that falls on the roof. EAVES'-DROP, v. i. To stand under the eaves or near tf.e Avindows of a house, to listen and leam what is said within doors. eAVES'-DROP'-PER, n. One who stands under the eaves or near the window or door of a house, to listen and hear what is said within doors. EBB, n. [Sax. ebbe, ebba.] 1. The reflux of the tide ; tho return of tide water towards the sea ; opposed to flood or flowing. 2. Decline ; decay ; a falling from a better to a worse state. ^, EBB, V. i. [Sax. ebban.] 1. To flow back ; to return as the • See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— €ag K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete ECH 284 ECS water of a tide towards the ocean ; opposed to flow. 2. To decay ; to decline ; to return oi' fall back firom a better to a worse state. EBB'ING, ppr. Flowing back ; declining ; decaying. EBFING, n. The reflux of the tide. EBB'TIDE, n. The reflux of tide-water ; the retiring tide. t EB'EN,_or j EB'ON, n. The same as ehomj. EB'I-O-NlTE, 71. The Rhimdtcs were heretics who denied the divinity of Christ, and rejected many parts of the Scriptures. EB'I-O-NiTE, a. Relating to the heresy of the Ebionites. Whiston. EB'ON,_a. Consisting of ebony ; like ebony 5 black. EB'O-NiZE, V. t. To make black or tawny ; to tinge with the color of ebony. Walsh. £B'0-NY, 71. [L. ebenus.] A species of hard, heavy and durable wood, which admits of a fine polish or gloss. EB'O -NY-TREE, n. The ebenus, a small tree. E-BRA€ TE-ATE, a. In botany, without a bractea or floral leaf^ E- BRi'E-TY, 11. [L. ebrietas.'] Drunkenness ; intoxication by spirituous liquors. E-BRIL'LADE, 71. [Fr.] A check given to a horse, by a sudden jerk of one rein, when he refuses to turn, E-BRI-OS'I-TY, n. [L. ebriosiias.'] Habitual drunkenness. E BUL'LIEN-CY, 71. [See Ebullition.] A boiling over. Cudworth. £-BUL'LIENT, a. Boiling over, as a liquor. Young. EB-UL-LI"TION, n. [L. ebullitio.] 1. The operation of boiling ; the agitation of a liquor by heat, which tlirows it up in bubbles. 2. Eflervescence, which is occasioned by fermentation, or by any other process which causes the extrication of an aeriform fluid, as in the mixture of an acid with a cai-bonated alkali. E-€AU'DATE, a. In botany, without a tail or spur. E€-CEN'TRI€, ) a. [L. eccentricus.] 1. Deviating or E€-CEN'TRI-€AL, ] departing from the centre.— 2. In geometry, not having the same centre. 3. Not tenninat- mg in the same point, nor directed by the same prmciple. 4. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice or estab- lished forms or laws ; irregular ; anomalous ; departmg from the usual course ; as, an eccentric genius. EC-CEN'TRI€, n. 1. A circle not having the same centre as another. 2. That which is irregular or anomalous. E€>-CEN-TRIC'I-TY, n. 1. Deviation from a centre. 2. Tlie state of having a centre diflerent from that of another circle. — 3. In astronomy, the distance of the centre of a planet's orbit from the centre of the sun ; that is, the dis- tance between the centre of an ellipse and its focus. 4. Departure or deviation from that which is stated, regular or usual. 5. Excursion from the proper sphere. EC-CHY-MOSIS, n. [Gr. e/cvv/twat?.] In medicine, an appearance of livid spots on the skin, occasioned by ex- travasated blood. EC-CLE-SI-AS'TES, n. [Gr.] A canonical book of the Old Testament. EC-€LE-SI-AS'TI€, ) a. [Gr. tKK\r,aia(jTiKog.] Pertain- Ee-CLE-Sf-AS'TI-CAL, S ing or relating to the church.— Ecclesiastical state is the body of the clergy. E€-€LE-SI-AS'TI€, 71. A person in orders, or consecrated to the service of the church and the ministry of religion. Ee-€LE-Sl-AS'TI-€US, n. A book of the Apocrypha. Ee-eO-PROT'I€, a. [Gr. zk and /co-poj-] Having the qual- ity of promoting alviue discharges ; laxative ; joosening ; gently cathartic. E€-F.O-PR0T'I€, 71. A medicine which purges gently ; a mild cathartic. Coxe. ECrl-E-LON', n. [Fr.] In military tactics, the position of an army in the form of steps, or with one division more advanced than another. Wellington. E€H'1-^'ATE, la. [L. echimis.'] Set with prickles; ECH'I-NA-TED, ) prickly, like a hedgehog ; having sharp points; bristled. Martyn. E€H'1N-ITE, 71. A fossil found in chalk pits, called cen- tronia. E-eHT'NUS, 77. [L.] 1. A hedgehog. 2. A shell-fish set witli prickles or spines. — 3. With botanists,^ ■gxXcl'.ly head or top of a plant; an echinated pericarp. — 1. In architec- ture, a member or ornament near the bottom of Ionic, Corinthian or Composite capitals. ECH'O, 71. [L. echo.'] 1. A sound reflected or reverberated from a sqlid body ; sound returned ; repercussion of sound. — ^2. In fabulous history, a nymph, the daughter of the Air and Tellus, who pined into a sound, for love of Nar- cissus.^. In architecture, a vault or arch for redoubling sounds. ECH'O, v.i. 1. To resound; to reflect sound. 2. To be sounded back. ECH'O, V. t. To reverberate or send back sound ; to return what has been uttered. ECH'OED, pp. Reverberated, as sound. E€H'0-ING, ppr. Sending back sound. E-€HOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. r]')^os and //crpov.] Among musi- cians, a scale or rule, serving to measure the duration of sounds. E-eUOM'E-TRY, «. 1. The art or act of measuring the duration of sounds. 2. The art of constmcting vaults to produce echoes. E-€LaIR'CiSE, v. t. [Ft. eclair dr.'] To make clear ; to explain ; to clear up what is not understood or misunder- stood. * E-CLaIR'CISSE-MENT, (ek-klare'seez-ma n. [Fr.] Explanation ; the clearing up of any thing not before un- derstood. E-CLAMP'SY, n. [Gr. wXa^'/'tj.] A shining ; a flashing of light ; a symptom of epilepsy. Hence, epilepsy itself. * E-CLAT', (e-kla') n. [Fr.] 1. A burst of applause ; accla- mation j applause 3 approbation j renown. 2. Splendor ; show ; pomp. EC-LEC'TIC, a. [Gx. iKkiKriKos.] Selecting; choosing; an epithet given to certain philosophers of antiquity, who did not attach themselves to any particular sect, but select- ed from the opinions and principles of each what they thoi'ght solid and good. EC-LEC'TIC, 71. I. A philosopher who selected from the various systems such opinions and principles as he judged to be sound and rational. 2. A Christian who adhered to the doctrines of the Eclectics. Also, one of a sect of phy- sicians. EC-LEC'TI-CAL-LY, adv. By way of choosing or select- ing ; in the manner of the eclectical philosophers. EC-LEGM', (ek-lem') n. [Gr. £« and \ei')(y>,] A nledicme made by the incorporation of oils with sirups. E-CLlPSE', (e-klips') n. [L. eclipsis.] \. Literally, a iefect or failure ; hence, in astronomy, an interception or obscura- tion of the light of the sun, moon or other luminous body. 2. Darkness ; obscuration. E-CLiPSE', (e-khps') v. t. 1. To hide a luminous body, in whole or in part, and intercept its rays. 2. To obscure ; to darken, by intercepting the rays of light which render luminous. 3. To cloud ; to darken ; to obscure. 4. To disgrace. 5. To extinguish. E-CIjIPSE', (e-klips') v. i. To suflTer an eclipse. Milton. E-CLiPS'ED, (e-klipsf) pp. Concealed 3 darkened ; obscur- ed ; disgraced. E-CLIPS'ING, ppr. Concealing; obscuring; darkening; clouding. E-CLIP'TIC, n. [Gr. eKXunTiKog.] 1. A great circle of the sphere supposed to be drawn through the middle of the zodiac, making an angle with the equinoctial of 23° 30', which is the sun's greatest declination. Tne ecliptic is the apparent path of the sun. — 2. In geography, a great circle on the ten-estriai globe, answermg to and faUing within the plane of the celestial ecliptic. E-CLIP'TIC, a. Pertainmg to or described by the ecliptic. 2. Suffering an eclipse. Herbert. ECLOGUE, (ek'log) n. [Gr. EK'koyTi.] A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other. EC-O-NOM'IC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to the regulation of EC-0-NOM'I-CAL, \ household concerns. 2. Managing ■ domestic or public pecuniary concerns with frugality. 3. Frugal; regulated by frugality; not wasteful or extravagant. EC-0-NOM'I-CAL-LY, adv. With economy; with frugality E-COA"'0-MIST, 71. 1. One who manages domestic or other concerns with frugality. 2. One who writes on economy; the writerof a treatise on economy . E-CON'O-MiZE, V. i. To manage pecuniary concerns with frugality ; to make a prudent use of money, or of the means of saving or acquiring property. E-CON'0-MiZE, V. t. To use with prudence; to expend with frugalitv. E-CON'O-MlZED, pp. Used with frugality. E-CON'O-MIZ-ING, ppr. Using with frugality. E-CON'O-MY, n. [L. ceconomia.] 1. The management, regulation and government of a family or the concerns of a household. 2. The management of pecuniary concerns or the expenditure of money. 3. A frugal and judicious use of money ; frugahty in the necessary expenditure of money. It differs fi-om parsimony, which implies an im- proper saving of expense. — 4. The disposition or arrange- ment of any work. Dry den. 5. A system of rules, regu- lations, rites and ceremonies. 6. The regular operations of nature in the generation, nutrition and preservation of animals or plants. 7. Distribution or due order of things. 8. Judicious and frugal management of public affaks. 9 System of management ; general regulation and disposi- tion of the affaus of a state or nation, or of any depart- ment of government. EC-PHRAC'TIC. a. [Gr. ek and (ppuTTco.] In medicine, de- obstruent ; attenuating. EC-PHRAC'TIC, n. A medicine which dissolves or atten- uates viscid matter, and removes obstructions. EC'STA-SIED, a. Enraptured ; ravished ; transported ; de- lighted. EC'STA-SY, 71. [Gr. EKCTaais.] 1. A fixed state ; a trance * See Synapsis, a, E, T, O, U, ^, long.—FkR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARKNE, BIRD :— t Obsolete. EDG 285 EDU a state in which the mind is arrested and fixed, or, as we say, lost ; a state in which the functions of the senses are suspended by the contemplation of some extraordinary or supernatural object. 2. Excessive joy ; rapture ; a de- gree of delight that arrests the whole mind. 3. Enthusi- asm ; excessive elevation and absorption of mind ; ex- treme delight. 4. Excessive grief or anxiety ; [not used.] Shak. 5. Madness ; distraction ; [not used.] Shak.—6. In medicine, a species of catalcpsrj, when the person remem- bers, after the paroxysm is over, the ideas he had during the fit. Ee'STA-SY, V. t. To fill with rapture or enthusiasm. E€-STAT'I€, )a. 1. Arresting the mind ; suspending j!l€-STAT'I-€AL, \ the senses ; entrancing. 2. Raptur- ous ; transporting ; ravishing ; delightful beyond measme 3. Tending to external objects ; [not used.] EC'T^-PAL, a. Taken from the original. Ellis. t E€'TyPE, n. [Gr. £ktvt:o5.] A copy. Locke. £€-U-MEN'I€, ) a. [Gr. oikovuzvikos.] General ; uni- E€-U-MEN'I-€AL, \ versal. E€'U-RIE, n. [Fr.] A stable ; a covered place for horses. E-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. edax.] Eating 3 given to eating 5 gree- dy 3 voracious. E-DAC'I-TYj n. [L. edacitas.] Greediness 5 voracity ; rav- enousness 3 rapacity. ED'DER, 71. [qu. Sax. eder.] In husbandry, such wood as is worked into the top of hedge-stakes to bind tliem to- g-ether. ED'DER, n. [Sax. (etter.] A viper. ED'DER, V. t. To bind or make tight by edder 5 to fasten the tops of hedge-stakes, by interweaving edder, Eng- land. _ ED'DISH, or eAD'ISH, n. The latter pasture or grass that comes after mowing or reaping 5 called also eagrass, carsh, etch. [JVot used, I believe, in America.] ED'DOES, or ED'DERS, n. A name given to a variety of the arum esculentum, an esculent root. ED'DY, 71. [Sax. ed and ea.] I. A current of water running back, or in a direction contrary to the main stream. 2. A whirlpool 3 a current of water or air in a circular direction. EDDY, V. i. To move circularly, or as an eddy. ED'DY, a. Whirling 3 moving circularly. Drydcn. ED'DY-WA'TER, 71. Among seamen, the \vater which falls back "on the rudder of a ship under sail, called dead- water ED'DY-WIND, 71. The wind returned or beat back from a sail, a mountain or any thing that hinders its passage. ED'E-LITEj 71. A siliceous stone of a light gray color. E-DEM'A-TOUS, a. [Gr. olStjiiu.] Swelling with a serous humor 3 dropsical. E-DEN, 71. [Heb,] The country and garden in which Adam and Eve were placed by God himself. E'DEN-lZED, a. Admitted into Paradise. Davies. E-DEN'TA-TED, a. [L. edentatus.] Destitute or deprived of teeth. Diet. t E-DEN-Ta'TION, n. A pulling out of teeth. Cockeram. EDGE, 71. [Sax. ecg ; Dan. eg.] 1. In a general sense, the extreme border or point of any thing. It is particularly applied to the sharp border, the thin cutting extremity of an instrument.— 2. Figuratively, that which cuts or pene- trates 5 that which wounds or injures. 3. A narrow part rising from a broader. 4. Sharpness of mind or appe- tite 5 keenness 3 intenseness of desire 5 fitness for action or operation. .5. Keenness 3 sharpness 5 acrimony. — To set the teeth on edge, to cause a tingling or grating sensa- tion in the teeth. Bacon. EDGE, V. t. [W. hogi; Sax. eggian.] 1. To sharpen. 2. To furnish with an edge. 3. To border 3 to fringe. 4. To border 3 to furnish with an ornamental border. 5. To sharpen 3 to exasperate 3 to embitter. 6 To incite 5 to provoke 5 to urge on 3 to instigate 3 that is, to push on as with a sharp point 3 to goad. 7. To move sideways 3 to move by little and little. EDGE, V. i. 1. To move sideways ; to move gradually. 2. To saU close to the wind. — To edge away, in sailing, is to decline gradually from the shore or from the line of the course. — To edge in -with, to draw near to, as a ship in chEising. EDGED, pp. 1. Furnished with an edge or border. 2. In- cited 5 instigated. 3. a. Sharp 3 keen. EDGE'LESS,"a. Not sharp 5 blunt 3 obtuse 3 unfit to cut or penetrate. Shak. EDGE'TOOL, 71. An instrument having a sharp edge. EDGE'WiSE, adv. 1. With the edge turned forward, or towards a particular point ; in tlie direction of the edge. 2. Sideways 3 with the side foremost. EDG'ING, ppr. 1. Giving an edge 3 furnishing with an edge, 2, Inciting 3 urging on 3 goadmg 3 stimulating 3 instigating. 3. Moving gradually or sideways. 4. Fur- nishing with a bordet. EIDG'ING, 71, 1, That which is added on the border, or which forms the edge 5 as lace, fringe, trimming, added to a garment for ornament. 2. A narrow lace. — 3, In gardening, a row of small plants set along the border of a flower-bed. ED'I-BLE, a. [L. edo.] Eatable 3 fit to be eaten as food • esculent. * E'DI€T, n. [L. edictum.] That which is uttered or pro- claimed by authority as a rule of action 3 an order issued by a prince to his subjects, as a rule or law requiring obe- dience 3 a proclamation of command or prohibition. ED'I-FI-€ANT, or E-DIF'I-€ANT, a. Building, [Little used.] ED-I-FI-€a'TION, n. [L, cedificatio.] 1, A building up, in a moral and religious sense 3 instruction 3 improvement and progress of the mind, in knowledge, in morals, or in faith and holiness, 2, Instruction 3 improvement of the mind in any species of useful knowledge. ED'I-FI-€A-T0-RY, or E-DIF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Tending to edification. Hall. ED'I-FICE, n. [L. a:dijicium.] A building 3 a structure 3 a fabricj but appropriately, a large or splendid building. ED-I-Fl'CIAL, a. Pertaining to edifices or to structure. ED'I-FlED, pp. Instructed 3 improved in literary, moral or religious knowledge. ED'I-Fi-ER, 71, One that improves another by instructing him, EDI-FY, V. t. [L. mdifico.] 1, To build, in a literal sense ; [not 71010 used/] 2. To instruct and improve the mind in knowledge generally, and particularly in moral Eind reli- gious knowledge, in faith and holiness. 3. To teach or persuade 3 [not used.] ED'I-FY-ING, ppr. Building up in Christian knowledge 5 instructing 3 improving the mind. ED'T-FY-ING-LY, adv. In an edifying manner. E'DlLE, 71. [L. cedilis.] A Roman magistrate whose chief business was to superintend buildings of all kinds, more _ especiallv public edifices, temples, bridges, aqueducts, &c. E'DlLE-SHIP, 7!. The ofiiceofedile in ancient Rome. ED'IT, V. t. [L. edo.] 1. Properly, to publish 5 7noi-e tisu- ally, to superintend a publication 5 to prepai-e a book or paper for the public eye, by writing, correcting or select- ing the matter. 2. To publish. ED'IT-ED, pp. Published 3 corrected 3 prepared and pub- lished. ED'IT-ING, ppr. Publishing 3 preparing for publication. E-Dl'TION, 71. [la.editio.] 1, The publication of any book or writing. 2. Republication 5 sometimes with revision and correction. 3. Any publication of a book before pub- lished 3 also, one impression or the whole number of copies published at once. t E-Dl"l'ION-ER, n. The old word for editor. Gregory. ED'I-TOR, 71. [L.l 1. A "pnhlishex ; particularly , -jl person who superintends an impression of a book 3 the person who revises, corrects and prepares a book for publication. 2. One who superintends the publication of a newspaper, ED-I-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an editor 3 written by an editor. ED'I-TOR-SHIP, 71. The business of an editor. t E-DIT'U-ATE, V. t. [Low L. mdituor.] To defend or govern the house or temple. ED'U-€ATE, X. t. [L. educo.] To bring up, as a child 3 to instruct 3 to inform and enlighten the understanding 5 to instill into the mind principles of arts, science, morals, religion and behavior. ED'U-€A-TED, pp. Brought up 5 instructed 3 furnished with knowledge or principles 3 trained ; disciplined. ED'U-€A-TING,ppr. Instructing 3 enlightening the under- standing, and forming the manners. ED-U-€aTION, 71. [L.. educatio.] The bringing up, as of a child 5 instruction 5 formation of manners. ED-U-OaTION-AL,' a. Pertaining to education 3 derived from education. Smith. EDU-€A-T0R, 71, One who educates, Beddoes. E-DdCE', v. t. [L. educo.] To bring or draw out 3 to ex- trEict 5 to produce from a state of occultation. E-Du'CED, (e-diist') pp. Drawn forth 3 extracted 3 pro duced. E-Du'ClNGj ppr Drawing forth 3 producing. E'DU€T, 71 [L. eductum.] Extracted matter 3 that which is educed. E-DU€'TION, 71, The act of drawing out or bringing into view. E-DU€T'OR, 71. That which brings forth, elicits or extracts E-DUL'eO-RATE, v. t. [Low L. edulco.] 1. To purify , to sweeten. — In c/teTjitsir?/, to render substances more mild, by freeing them from acids and salts or other soluble im- purities, by washing. 2. To sweeten, by adding sugar, sirup, &;c. E-DL'L'€0-RA-TED, pp. Sweetened 5 purified from acid or saline substances, and rendered more mild. E-DUL'€0-RA-TING, ppr. Sweetening 3 rendering more mild, E-DUL-€0-Ra'TION, n. 1. The act of sweetening or ren- dering more mild, by freeing from acid or saline sub- stances, or from any soluble impurities, 2. The ari of sweetening by admixture of some saccharine substance. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BULL, UNITE — € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete EFF 286 EFF E-DUL'€0-RA-T1VE, a. Having the quality of sweetening. EEK. See Eke. EEL, 11. [Sax. ture ; uncompounded state. EL-E-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Primary; simple; uncompound- ed ; uncombined; having only one principle or constituent part. 2. Initial ; rudimental ; containing, teaching or dis- cussing first principles, rules or rudiments. 3. Treating of elements ; collecting, digesting or explaining principles. EL'E-MI, n. The gum elemi, so called ; but said to be a resinous substance. E-LENGH', n. [L. elenchus.] 1. A vicious or fallacious argument, which is apt to deceive under the appearance of truth ; a sophism ; [little used.]— 2. In antiquity, a kind of earring set with pearls. E-LENGH'l-GAL, a. Pertaining to an elench. t E-LEN€H'I-GAL-LY, adv. By means of an elench t E-LEN€H'IZE, v. i. To dispute. B. Jonson. t E-LEN€H'TI-€AL, a. Serving to confute. Wilkins. E-LENGE'. See Elunge. E-Le'OTS, n. Apples in request in the cider countries. - Mortimer. EL'E-PHANT, n. [Sax. elp, yip; Gr. eXecpas.] 1. The largest of all quadrupeds, belonging to the order of bruta. 2. Ivory; the tusk of the elephant. Dryden. EL'E-PHANT-BEE'TLE, 7t, A large species of sea; a&:£u5, or beetle, found in South America. EL'E-PHANT'S-FOOT, n. A plant, the elephantopus. EL-E-PHAN-Ti'A-SIS, n. [L.] A species of leprosy, so called from covering the skin with incrustations, like those of an elephant. EL-E-PHANT'INE, a. 1. Pertaining to the elephant; huge ; resembling an elephant ; or perhaps white, like ivory. — 2. In antiquity, an appellation given to certain books in which the Komans registered the transactions of the senate, mag- istrates, emperors and generals. EL-EU-SIN'I-AN, a. Relating to Eleusis in Greece. EL'E-VATE, v. t. [L. elevc] 1. To raise, in a literal and general sense ; to raise from a low or deep place to a higher. 2. To exalt ; to raise to higher state or station. 3. To improve, refine or dignify ; to raise from or above low conceptions. 4. To raise from a low or common state ; to exalt. 5. To elate with pride. 6. To excite ; to cheer ; to animate. 7. To take from ; to detract ; to lessen by detraction; [not used.] 8. To raise from any tone to one more acute. 9. To augment or swell ; to make louder, as sound. EL'E-VATE, a. [L. elevatus.] Elevated ; raised aloft. EL'E-VA-TED, pp. Raised ; exalted ; dignified ; elated j excited ; made more acute or more loud, as sound. EL'E-VA-TING ppr. Raising ; exalting ; dignifying ; elat- ing ; cheering. EL-E-VA'TION, n. [L. elevatio.] 1. The act of raisijg or conveying from a lower or deeper place to a higher. 2. The act of exalting in rank, degree or condition. 3. Ex- altation ; an elevated state ; dignity. 4. Exaltation of mind by more noble conceptions. 5. Exaltation of style ; lofty expressions ; words and phrases expressive of lofl;y conceptions. 6. Exaltation of character or manners. 7. Attention to objects above us ; a raising of the mind to superior objects. 8. An elevated place or station. 9. El- evated ground ; a rising ground ; a hill or mountain. 10. A passing of the voice from any note to one more acute ; also, a swelling or augmentation of voice — 11. In astrono- my, altitude ; the distance of a heavenly body above the horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between it and the horizon. — 12. In gunnery, the angle which the chase of a cannon or mortar, or the axis of the hollow cylin- der, makes with the plane of the horizon. — 13. In dialing, the angle which the style makes with the substylar line. — Elevation of the host, in Catholic countries, that part of the mass in which the priest raises the host above his head for the people to adore. EL'E-VA-TOR, n. 1. One who raises, lifts or exalts.— 2. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to raise a part of the body, as the lip or the eye. 3. A surgical instrument for raising a depressed portion of a bone. EL'E-VA-TO-RY, n. An instrument used in trepanning, for raising a depressed or fractured part of the skull. Coze EL-eVE', n. [Fr.] One brought up or protected by another Chesterfield. * S€e Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f A*3. '19 t Obsolete ELL 200 ELU fi-LEV'EN, (e-!ev'n) a. [Sax. mndlefene, endleof, endlufa.] Ten and one added. B-LEV'ENTH, a. [Sax. andlyfta, endlefta.] The next in order to the tenth. ELF, n.;plu Elves. [Sax. cbI/, or elfenne.] 1. A wander- ing spirit 5 a fairy ; a hobgoblin. 2. An evil spirit ; a devil. 3. A diminutive person. ELF, V. t. To entangle hair in so intricate a manner, that it cannot be disentangled. ELF'-AR-RoW, n. A name given to flints in the shape of arrow-heads, vulgarly supposed to be shot by fairies. ELF'-LO€K, n. A knot of hair twisted by elves. Sliak. ELF'IN, a. Relating or pertaining to elves. Spenser. ELF'IN, n. A little urchin. Shenstone. ELF'ISH, a. Resembling elves ; clad in disguise. E-LIC'IT, V. t. [L. elicio.'] 1. To draw out; to bring to light; to deduce by reason or argument. 2. To strike out E-LIOIT, a. Brought into act ; brought from possibility into real existence. [Little uscd.\ t E-LIC'I-TATE, V. t. To elicit. More. E-LIC-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of eliciting ; the act of draw- ing out. Bramhall. E-LIC'IT-ED, pp. Brought or drawn out ; struck out. E-LIC'IT-ING, ppr. Drawing out ; bringing to light ; strik- ing out. E-LlDE', V. t. [L. elido.] 1. To break or dash in pieces ; to crush, [not used.] 2. To cut oif a syllable. Brit. Crit. EL-I-6l-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Worthiness or fitness to be chosen ; the state or quality of a thing which renders it preferable to another, or desirable. 2. The state of being capable of being chosen to an office. United States. EL'I-GI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Fit to be chosen; worthy of choice ; preferable. 2. Suitable ; proper ; desirable. 3. -Legally qualified to be chosen. EL'I-6I-BLE-NESS, n. Fitness to be chosen in preference to another ; suitableness ; desirableness. EL'I-6I-BLY, adv. In a manner to be worthy of choice ; suitably. •E-LIM'I-NATE, v. t [L. elimino.] h To thrust out of doors. Lovelace. 2. To expel , to thrust out ; to discharge, or throw ofi"; to set at liberty. E-LIM'I-NA-TED, pp. Expelled ; thrown off; discharged. E-LIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Expelhng ; discharging ; throw- ing off. E-LIM-I-Na'TION, n. The act of expelling or throwing off; the act of discharging, »r secreting by the pores. EL-I-GIUa'TION, n, [L. eliquo,] In chemistry, the opera- tion by which a more fusible substance is separated from one that is less so, by means of heat. E-Li"SION, n. [L. elisio.] 1. In grammar, the cutting off or suppression of a vowel at the end of a word, for the sake of sound or measure, when the next word begins with a vowel ; as, th' embattled plain. 2. Division; sep- aration ; [not used.] Bacon. E-Ll'SOR, n. [Norm, elisor.] In law, a sheriff's substitute for returning a jury. E-LITE', n. [Fr.] A military word, denoting the flower or chosen part of an army. E-LIX'ATE, V. t. [L. elixc] To extract by boiUng. EL-IX-A'TION, n. [L. elixus.] 1. The act of boiling or stewing ; also, concoction in the stomach ; digestion.— 2. In pharmacy, the extraction of the virtues of ingredients by boiling or stewing ; also, lixiviation. E-LIX'IR, n. [Fr., Sp., Port, elixir.] 1. In medicine, a com- pound tincture, extracted from two or more ingredients. 2. A liquor for transmuting metals into gold. 3. Quin- tessence ; refined spirit. 4. Any cordial ; that substance which invigorates. ELK, n. [Sax. elch ; Sw. elg.] A quadruped of the cervine genus, with palmated horns. ELKE, «• [W. alarch.] A wild swan. ELK'-NUT, -re. A plant, the hamiltonia, called also oil-nut. ELL, n. [Sax. elne ; Sw. aln ; D. ell, elle.] A measure of different lengths in different countries, used chiefly for measuring cloth. EL'LER, 71. [G. eller.] The alder-tree. Craven dialect. EL'LINGE, a. [Sax. alenge.] Cheerless ; sad. EL'LING-NESS, n. Loneliness; dullness; cheerlessness. Henry VIIL EL-LIPSE', (el-lips') n. An ellipsis. EL-LIP'SIS, M.;pZw. Ellip'ses. [Gr. eXXet^'ts.J 1. In^eora- ctry, an oval figure generated from tlie section of a cone, by a plane cutting botli sides of it, but not parallel to the base. — 2. In grammar, defect ; omission; a figure of syn- tax, by which one or more words are omitted. EL-LIPS'OID, n. [ellipsis, and Gr. et^os.] In conies, a solid or figure formed by the revolution of an ellipse about its axis ; an elliptic conoid ; a spheroid. EL-LIP-SOID'AL, a. Pertaining to an ellipsoid; having the form of an ellipsoid. EL-LIP'TI€, \a. 1. Pertaining to an ellipsis; having EL-LIP'TI-€AL, i the form of an ellipse; oval, 2. De- fective. EL-LIP'TI-CAL-LY, arf«. 1. According to the figure call- ed an ellipsis. 2. Defectively. ELM, n. [Sax. elm, ox ulm-treou; Bi^olm.] A tree of the, genus ulmus. ELM'EN, a. Of or belonging to elms. Jennings ELM'Y,_a. Abounding with elms. V/arton. EL-0-€a'TION, n. [L. eloco.] 1. A removal from the usual place of residence. Bp. Hall. 2. Depaiture from the usual method ; an ecstasy. EL-0-€D'TI0N, n. [L. elocutio.] 1. Pronunciation; the utterance or delivery of words, particularly in public dis- courses and arguments. — 2. In rhetoric, elocution consists of elegance, composition and dignity ; and Dryden uses the word £is nearly synonymous with eloquence, the act of expressing thoughts with elegance or beauty. 3. Speech ; the power of speaking. — 4. In ancient treatises on oratory, the wording of a discourse ; the choice and order of words ; composition ; the act of framing a writ- ing or discourse. EL-0-€u'TIVE, a. Having the power of eloquent speak- ing. EL'OGE, n. [Fr.] A funeral oration ; a panegyric on the dead. Atterbury. tEL'O-GlST, 71. An eulogist. EL'0-6Y, or E-Lo'Gl-UM, n. [Fr. eloge ; L. elogium. See Eulogy.] The praise bestowed on a person or thing ; panegyric. Wotton. S-LOIN', V. t. [Fr. eloigner.] 1, To separate and remove to a distance. 2. To convey to a distance, and withhold from sight. E-LOIN'ATE, V. t. To remove. Howell. E-LOIN'ED, (e-loind') pp. Removed to a distance ; carried far off. E-LOIN'ING, ppr. Removing to a distance from another, or to a place unknown. E-LOIN'MENT, n. Removal to a distance ; distance. jE-LONG', V. t. [Low L. elongo.] To put far off; to re- tard. E-LON'GATE, v. t. [Low L. elongo.] 1. To lengthen; to extend. 2. To remove farther off. E-LON'GATE, v. i. To depart from; to recede; to move to a greater distance ; particularly, to recede apparently from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. E-LON'GA-TED, pp. Lengthened ; removed to a distance E-LON'GA-TING, ppr. 1. Lengthening; extending. 2 Receding to a greater distance. E-LON-Ga'TION, 71. 1. The act of stretching or lengthen- ing. 2. The state of being extended. 3. Distance ; space which separates one thing from another. 4. Departure ; removal ; recession. 5. Extension ; continuation. — 6. In astronomy, the recess of a planet from the sun, as it ap- pears to the eye of a spectator on the earth ; apparent de- parture of a planet from the sun in its orbit.— 7. In surge- ry, an imperfect luxation, occasioned by the stretching or lengthening of the ligaments ; or the extension of a part beyond its natural dimensions. E-LoPE', V. i. [D. loopen, wegloopen.] To run away , to quit one's station, without permission or right ; to escape privately ; to depart without permission. Particularly, to run away from a husband, or to quit a father's house, pri- vately, or without permission. E-LoPE'MENT, 7i. Private or unlicensed departure from the place or station to which one is assigned by duty or law. E-LoP'ING, ppr. Running away; departing privately, or without permission, from a husband, father or master. E'LOPS, n. [Gr. sWoxp.] 1. A fish, inhabiting the seas of America and the West Indies. 2. The sea-serpent. EL'0-Q,UEPTOE, 71. [L. eloquentia.] 1. Oratory; the act or the art of speaking well, or with fluency and elegance. Eloquence comprehends a good elocution or utterance ; cor- • rect, appropriate and rich expressions, with fluency, ani- mation and suitable action. Hence, eloquence is adapted to please, affect and persuade. 2. The power of speaking with fluency and elegance. 3. Elegant language, uttered with fluency and animation. 4. It is sometimes applied to written language. EL'O-UUENT, a. 1. Having the power of oratory ; speak- ing with fluency, propriety, elegance and anhnation. 2. Composed with elegance and spirit ; elegant and animat- ed ; adapted to please, affect and persuade. EL'0-Q,UENT-LY, adv. With eloquence ; in an eloquent manner ; in a manner to please, affect and persuade. ELSE, (els) a. or pron. [Sax. elles.] Other ; one or some- thing beside ; as, who else is coming ? ELSE, (els) adv. 1. Otherwise ; in the other case ; if the fact were different. 2. Beside ; except that mentioned. EL'SEN, or EL'SIN, n. [Teut. celsene.] A shoemaker'b awl. Qrose. ELSE'WHERE, adv. 1. In any other place. 2. In some other place ; in other places, indefinitely. E-Ltf'CI-DATE, V. t. [Low L. elucido.] To make clear oi manifest ; to explain ; to remove obscurity from, and ren- der intelligible ; to illustrate. * SeeSunopns. a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FRR, FiVLL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD;— t Obsolete. EMA 291 EMB E-LtJ'CI-DA-TED, pp. Explained ; made plain, clear or in- telligible. E-Lu CI-DA-TING, ppr. Explaining ; making clear or in- telligible. E-LU-CI-Da'TION, n. The act of explaining or throwing light on any obscure subject ; explanation ; exposition ; illustration. E-Ltf'Cr-DA-Tl VE, a. Throwing light ; explanatory. E-Lu'CI-DA-TGR, n. One who explains ; an expositor. EL-U€-Ta'TION, n. [L. eluctatus.] The act of bursting forth ; escape . E-LuDE', V. t. [L. eludo.] 1. To escape ; to evade ; to avoid by artifice, stratagem, wiles, deceit or dexterity. 2. To mock by an unexpected escape. 3. To escape being seen ; to remain unseen or undiscovered. E-LuD'I-BLE, a. That may be eluded or escaped. t E-LUM'BA-TED, a. [L. elumbis.] Weakened in the loins. Diet. E-Lu'SION, n. [L. elusio.] An escape by artifice or decep- tion ; evasion. E-Lu'SIVE, a. Practising elusion ; using arts to escape. E-Lu'SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being elusory. E-LU'SO-RY, a. Tending to elude ; tending to deceive ; evasive ; fraudulent ; fallacious ; deceitful. E-LuTE', V. t. [L. eluo.] To wash off; to cleanse. E-LU'TRI-ATE, v. t. [L. elutrio.] To purify by washing ; to cleanse by separating foul matter, and decanting or straining ofl!"the liquor. E-Lu'TRI-A-TED, pp. Cleansed by washing and decanta- tion. E-Lu'TRI-A-TING, ppr. Purifying by washmg and de- canting. E-LTJ-TRI-a'TION, n. The operation of pulverizing a sol- id substance, mixing it with water, and pouring off the liquid, while the foul or extraneous substances are float- ing, or after the coarser particles have subsided, and while the finer parts are suspended in the liquor. E-LUX'ATE, V. t. [L. eluxatus.] To dislocate. See Luxate. E-LUX-A^TION, n. The dislocation of a bone. See Lux- ELVE'LO€KS. See Elf-lock. ELVERS, n. Young eels ; young congers or sea-eels. ELVES, plu. of elf. ELVISH, a. More properly elfish, which see. E-LYS'IAN, (e-lizh'ya) a. [L. elysin^.] Pertaining to elys- ium or the seat of delight ; yielding the highest pleasures ; deliciously soothing ; exceedingly delightful. E-LYS'IUM, (e-lizh'yum)7i.[L. eZ?/siMm.] In ancient mythol- ogy, a place assigned to happy souls after death ; a place in the lower regions, furnished with rich fields, groves, shades, streams, &;c., the seat of future happiness. Hence, any delightful place. 'EM. A contraction of them. Hudihras. t E-MAC'ER-ATE, v. t. To make lean. f E-MAC-ER-A'TION, n. Leanness or falling away in flesh. Bullokar. E-Ma'CIATE, v. i. [L. emacio.] To lose flesh gradually ; to become lean by pining with sorrow, or by loss of appetite or other cause ; to waste away, as flesh ; to decay in flesh. E-Ma'CIATE, v. t. To cause to lose flesh gradually ; to waste the flesh and reduce to leanness. E-Ma'CIATE, a. Thin ; wasted. Shenstone. E-Ma'CIA-TED, pp. Reduced to leanness by a gradual loss of flesh ; thin; lean. E-Ma'CIA-TING, ppr. Wasting the flesh gradually ; mak- ing lean. E-MA-CI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of making lean or thin in flesh ; or a becoming lean by a gradual waste of flesh. 2. The state of being reduced to leanness. E-MA€'U-LATE, v. t. To take spots from. [Little ^ised.} E-MA€-U-La'TION, K. [Jj. emaculo.] The act or operation of freeing from spots. [Little used."] EM'A-NANT, a. [L. emanans.] Issuing or flowing from. Hale. EM'A-NATE, v. i [L. emano.'] 1. To issue from a source ; to flow from. 2. Toproceed from a source or fountain. EM'A-NA-TING, ppr. Issuing or flowing from a fountain. EM-A-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of flowing or proceeding from a fountain-head or origin. 2. That which issues, flows or proceeds from any source, substance or body ; ef- flux ; effluvium. EM'A-NA-TiVE, a. Issuing from another. E-MAN'CI-PATE, v. t. [L. emancipo.'] 1. To set free from servitude or slavery, by the voluntary act of the proprie- tor ; to liberate ; to restore from bondage to freedom. 2. To set free, or restore to liberty. 3. To free from bondage or restraint of any kind ; to liberate from subjection, con- trolling power or influence.— 4. In ancient Rome, to set a son free from subjection to his father, and give him the capacity of managing his affuirs, as if he was of age. E-MAN'CI-PATK a. Set at liberty. Cowper. E-MAN'CI-PA-TED, pp. Set free from bondage, slavery, servitude, subjection or dependence ; liberated. E-MAN'CI-PA-TING, ppr. Setting free from bondage, ser- vitude or dependence ; liberating. ^ E-MAN-CI-Pa'TION, n. The act of setting free from sla- very, servitude, subjection or dependence ; deliverance from bondage or controlling influeaice ; liberation. E-MAN'CI-PA-TOR, n. One who emancipates or liberates from bondage or restraint. E-MaNE', v. i. [L. emano.] To issue or flow from. See Em ANATE. t E-MAR'6IN-ATE, v.t. [L. emargino.] To take away the margin. E-MaR'GIN-ATE, ) a. [Fr. rmrge.] 1. In botany, notch- E-MAR'GIN-A-TED, j ed at the end.— 2. In mineralogy, having all the edges of the primitive form truncated, each by one face. E-MAR'OIN-ATE-LY, adv. In the fonn of notches. E-MAS'€U-LATE, v. t. [Low L. emasculo.] 1. To cas- trate ; to deprive a male of certain parts which character- ize the sex ; to geld ; to deprive of virility. 2. To de- prive of masculine strength or vigor ; to weaken ; to render effeminate ; to vitiate by unmanly softness. E-MaS'€U-LATE, a. Unmanned; deprived of vigor, E-MaS'€U-LA-TED, pp. Castrated; weakened. E-iV[AS'€U-LA-TING, ppr. Castrating ; gelding ; depriving of vigor. E-MAS-€U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of depriving a male of the parts which characterize the sex ; castration. 2. The act of depriving of vigor or strength; effeminacy; un- manly weakness. EM-BALE', V. t. [Fr. emballer.] 1. To make up into a bundle, bale or package ; to pack. 2. To bind ; to in- close. EM-BALM', (em-bam') v. t. [Fr. emhaumer.l 1. To open a dead body, take out the intestines, and fill their place with odoriferous and desiccative spices and drugs, to pre- vent its putrefaction. 2. To fill with sweet scent. 3. To preserve, with care and affection, from loss or decay. EM-BALM'ED, (em-bamd') pp. Filled with aromatic plants for preservation ; preserved from loss or destruction. EM-BALM'ER, n. One who embalms bodies for preserva- tion. EM-BALM'ING, ppr. Filling a dead body with spices for preservation; preserving with care from loss, decay or destruction. EM-BAR', v.t. 1. To shut, close or fasten with a bar ; to make fast. 2. To inclose so as to hinder egress or escape. Spenser. 3. To stop ; to shut from entering ; to hiijder ; to block up. Bacon. EM-BAR-€a'TI0N, 71. Embarkation, which see. EM-BAR'GO, 7?. [Sp. embargo; Port., Fr. id.] In com- merce, a restraint on ships, or prohibition of sailing, ei- ther out of port, or into port, or both ; which prohibition is by public authority, for a limited time. Most generally, it is a prohibition of ships to leave a port. EM-BAR'GO, V. t. [Sp., Port, embargar.] 1. ToMnder or prevent ships from sailing out of port, or into port, or both, by some law or edict of sovereign authority, for a limited time. 2. To stop ; to hinder from being prosecut- ed by the departure or entrance of ships. EM-BAR'GOED, pp. Stopped; hindered from sailing; hin- dered by public authority, as ships or commerce. EM-BAR'GO-ING, ppr. Restraining from sailing by public authority; hindering. EM-BARK', V. t. [Sp, embarcar.] I. To put or cause to enter on board a ship or other vessel or boat. 2. To en- gage a person in any affair. EM-BARK', V. i. I. To go on board of a ship, boat or ves- sel. 2. To engage in any business ; to undertake in ; tc take a share in. EM-BAR-Ka'TION, n. 1, The act of putting on board of a ship or other vessel, or the act of going aboard, 2. That which is embarked, 3, [Sp, embarcacion.] A small ves sel or boat ; [unusual.] EM-BARK'ED, (em-barkt') pp. Put on shipboard ; engaged in any affair. EM-BARK'ING, ppr. Putting on board of a ship or boat , going on shipboard. EM-BAR'RASS, v. t. [Fr, embarrasser.] 1. To perplex ; to render intricate ; to entangle. 2. To perplex, as the mmd or intellectual faculties ; to confuse. 3. To perplex, as with debts, or demands, beyond the means of payment. 4. To perplex ; to confuse ; to disconcert ; to abash. EM-BAR'RASSED, pp. Perplexed ; rendered intricate ; con- fused ; confounded EM-BAR'RASS-ING, ppr. Perplexing ; entangUng ; confus- ing; confounding; abashing. EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, 71. 1. Perplexity; intricacy; en-^ tanglement. 2. Confusion of mind. 3. Perplexity aris- ing from insolvency, or from temporary inability to dis- charge debts. 4. Confusion ; abashment. EM-BaSE', v. t. 1. To lower in value ; to vitiate ; to de- prave ; to impair. 2. To degrade ; to vilify. EM-BaSE'MENT, 71. Act of depraving ; depravation ; dete- rioration. South. ■''■■ * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete EMB 292 EMB t EM'BAS-SADE, n. An embassy. Speiiaer. EM-BAS'SA-DOR, n. [Sp. cmbaxador ; Port. la. ,• Fr. am- bassadeur.] 1. A minister of the highest rank, employed by one prince or state, at the court of another, to manage the public concerns of his own prince or state, and repre- senting the power and dignity of his sovereign. — 2. In lu- dicrous language, a messenger. Ash. BM-BAS'SA-DRESS, n. 1. The consort of an embassador. 2. A woman sent on a public message. t EM'BAS-SA6E, n. An embassy. EM'BAS-SY, 71. [Sp., Port, embaxada ; Fr. ambassade.] 1. The message or public function of an embassador ; the charge or employment of a public minister, whether em- bassador or enroy. 2. A solemn message. — 3. Ironically, an errand. EM-BAT'TLE, v. t. 1. To arrange in order of battle ; to array troops for battle. 2, To furnish with battlements. EM-BAT'TLE, v. i. To be ranged in order of battle. EM-BAT'TLED, pp. 1. Arrayed in order of battle. 2. Furnisned with battlements ; and, in heraldry, having the outline resembling a battlement, as an ordinary. 3. a. Having been the place of battle. EM-BAT'TLING,p;?!-. Ranging in battle array. FM-BaY', v. t. 1. To inclose in a bay or inlet ; to land- lock J to inclose between capes or promontories. 2. [Fr. baigner.] To bathe ; to wash ; [not used.] EM-BAiT'ED, (em-bade') pp. Inclosed in a bay, or between points of land, as a ship. EM-BED', V. t. To lay as in a bed ; to lay in surrounding matter. EM-BED'DED, pp. Laid as in a bed ; deposited or in- closed in surrounding matter. EM-BED'DING, ppr. Laying, depositing or forming, (is in abed. EM-BEL'LISH, ?;. «. [Fr. embellir.] 1. To adorn ; to beau- tify ; to decorate ; to make beautiful or elegant by orna- ments. 2. To make graceful or elegant. EM-BEL'LISHED, pp. Adorned ; decorated ; beautiiied. EM-BEL'LISH-ER, n. One who embellishes ; one who graces with ornaments. EM-BEL'LISH-ING, ppr. Adorning ; decorating ; adding grace, ornament or elegance to a person or thing. EM-BEL'LISF-MENT, ?i. 1. The act of adorning. 2. Or- nament ; dee.wation ; any thing that adds beauty or ele- gance ; that which renders any thing pleasing to the eye, or agreeable to the taste, in dress, furniture, manners, or in the fine arts. EM'BER, in ember-days, ember-weeks, is the Saxon emb-ren, or ymb-ryne, a circle. — Ember-days are the Wednesday, Friday and Saturday after duadragesima Sunday, after Whitsunday, after Holyrood day in September, and after St. Lucia's day in December. — Ember-days are days re- turning at certain seasons ; Ember-weeks, the weeks in which these days fall ; and our ancestors used the words Ember-fast and Ember-tide or season . Lye. EM'BER-GOOSE, n. A fowl of the genus colymbus. t EM'BER-ING, n. The ember-days. Tusser. EM'BERS, 71. phi. [Sax. cemyrian.] Small coals of fire with ashes ; the residuum of wood, coal or other combustibles not extinguished ; cinders. EM'BER-WEEK. ' See Ember. EM-BEZ'ZLE, v. t. [Norm. embeasUer.] 1. To appropri- ate fraudulently to one's own use what is intrusted to one's care and management. It differs from stealing and robbery in this, that the latter imply a wrongful taking of another's goods, but embezzlement denotes the wrongful appropriation and use of what came into possession by right. 2. To waste ; to dissipate in extravagance. EM-BEZ'ZLED, pp. Appropriated wrongfully to one's own use. EM-BEZ'ZLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of fraudulently appro- priating to one's own use the money or goods intrusted to one's care and management. 2. The thing appropriated. EM-BEZ'ZLER, n. One who embezzles. EM-BEZ'ZLING, ppr. Fraudulently applying to one's own use what is intrusted to one's care and employment. EM-BLaZE', v. t. [Fr. blasonner.] 1. To adorn with glit- termg embellishments. 2, To blazon : to paint or adorn with figures armorial. EM-BLaZ'ED, (em-blazd') pp. Adorned with shining orna- ments^ or with figures armorial. EM-BLaZ'ING, ppr. Embellishing with glittering orna- ments^ or with figures armorial. EM-BLa'ZON, (em-bla'zn) v. t. [Fr. blasonner.l, 1. To adorn with figures of heraldry or ensigns armorial. 2. To deck m glaring colors ; to display pompously. EM-BLa'ZONED, pp. Adorned with figures or ensigns ar- morial ; set out pompously. EM-BLa'ZON-ER, n. LA blazoner ; one that emblazons ; a herald. 2. One that publishes and displays with pomp EM-BLa'ZON-ING, ppr. Adorning with ensigns or figures armorial ; displaying with pomp. EM-BLl'ZON-MENT, «. An emblazoning. Roscoe. EM-BLa'ZON-RY, 71 Pictures on sJiields j display of figures. EM'BLEM, n. [Gr. ep.^Xrip.a.'] I. Inlay ; inlaid or mosaic work ; sometlfing inserted in the body of another. 2. A picture representing one thing to the eye, and another to the understanding ; a painted enigma. 3. A painting or representation, intended to hold forth some moral or polit- ical instruction ; an allusive picture ; a typical designa- tion. 4. That which represents another thing in its pre- dominant qualities. EM'BLEM, V. t. To represent by similar qualities. EM-BLE-MAT'I€, \ a. 1. Pertaining to or comprising EM-BLE-MAT'I-CAL, \ an emblem. 2. Representing by some allusion or customary connection. 3. Representhig by similar qualities. 4. Using emblems. EM-BLE-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. By way or means of em- blems ; in the manner of emblems ; by way of allusive representation. EM-BLEM'A-TIST, n. A writer or inventor of emblems. EM-BLEM'A-TiZE, v. t. To represent by an emblem. EM'BLE-MENT, n. used mostly in the plural. [Norm, evi- blear.] The produce or fruits of land sown or planted Blackstone. EM'BLE-MiZE, v.t.To represent by an emblem. EM'BLE-MlZED, pp. Represented by an emblem. EM'BLE-MlZ-ING, ppr. Representing by an emblem. EM-BLOOM', V. t. To cover or enrich with bloom. Oood. EM-BOD'IED, pp. Collected or formed into a body. EM-BOD'Y, V. t. To form or collect into a body or united mass ; to collect into a whole ; to incorporate ; to concen- trate. EM-BOD'Y-ING, ppr. Collecting or forming into a body. EM-BoGU'ING, (em-b5g'ing) n. The mouth of a river, or place where its waters are discharged into the sea. EM-BoIiD'EN, V. t. To give boldness or courage ; to en- courage. EM-BoLD'ENED,pp. Encouraged. EM-BoLD'EN-ING, ppr. Giving courage or holdness. EM'BO-LISM, n. [Gr. f//|8oXicr/jos.] 1. Intercalation ; the insertion of days, months or years, in an account of time, to produce regularity. 2. Intercalated time. EM-BO-LIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to intercalation j interca- lated ; inserted. EM-BO-LIS'Mie, a. Intercalated ; inserted. EM'BO-LU§, 71. [Gr. e/ijSoXof.] Something inserted or act- ing in another ; that which thrusts or drives ; a piston. EM-BOR'DER, v. t. [Old Fr. emborder.] To adorn with a border. EM-BOSS', V. t. 1. In architecture and sculpture, to form bosses or protuberances 5 to fashion in relievo or raised work ; to cut or form with prominent figures. 2. To form with bosses ; to cover with protuberances. 3. To drive hard in hunting, till a deer foams, or a dog's knees swell. t EM-BOSS', V. t. [Fr. emboUer.] To inclose as in aboxj to include ; to cover. Spenser. t EM- BOSS', V. t. [It. imboscare.] To inclose in a wood ; to conceal in a thicket. Milton. EM-BOSS'ED, {em-host') pp. Formed with bosses or raised figures. EM-BOSS'ING,. ppr. Forming with figures in relievo. EM-BOSS'MENT, n, 1. A prominence, like a boss ; a jut. 2. Relief; figures in relievo ; raised work. EM-BOT'TLE, v. t. To put m a bottle 5 to bottle ; to include or confine in a bottle. EM-BOT'TLED, pp. Put in or included in bottles. Philips. EM-BoW', V. t. To form like a bow ; to arch ; to vault. EM-BOW'EL, V. t. 1. To take out the entrails of an animal body ; to eviscerate. 2. To take out the internal parts. 3. To sink or inclose in another substance. EM-BOW'ELED, pp. Deprived of intestines ; eviscerated ; buried. EM-BOW'EL-ER, n. One that takes out the bowels. EM-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Depriving of entrails ; eviscerat- ing; burying. EM-BOWER, V. i. To lodge or rest in a bower. EM-BRaCE', v. t. [Fr. ejabrasser.] 1. To take, clasp or in close in the arms ; to press to the bosom, in token of affec tion. 2. To seize eagerly ; to lay hold on ; to receive or take with willingness that which is offered. 3. To com- prehend ; to include or take in. 4. To comprise ; to in- close ; to encompass ; to contain ; to encircle. 5. To re- ceive ; to admit. 6. To find ; to take ; to accept. 7. To have carnal intercourse with. 8. To put on. 9 To at- tempt to influence a jury corruptly. EM-BRaCE', v. i. To join in an embrace. Shak. EM-BRaCE', n. 1. Inclosure or clasp with the arms ; pressure to the bosom with the arms. 2. Reception of one thing in to another. 3. Sexual intercourse ; conjugal endearment EM-BRa'CED, (em-braste') pp. 1. Inclosed in the arms , clasped to the bosom ; seized ; laid hold on ; received ; comprehended; included; contained; accepted. 2. In- fluenced corruptly ; biassed ; as a juror. EM-BRaCE'MENT, n. 1. A clasp in the arms ; a hug ; em- brace. 2. Hostile hug ; grapple. 3. Comprehension ; * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, O, '2, long — FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PRfiY ;-^lN, MARtNB, BiRD ;— t Obsolete EME 293 EMO state of being contained ; inclosure. 4. Conjugal endear- ment ; sexual commerce. 5. Willing acceptance. EM-BRA'CER, n. 1. Tlie person who embraces. 2. One wlio attempts to influence a jury corruptly. EM-BRa'CER-Y, n. In law, an attempt to influence a jury corruptly to one side, by promises, persuasions, entreaties, money, entertainments, or the like. EM-BRA'CING,pj)r. 1. Clasping in the arms ; pressing to the bosom ; seizing and holding ; comprehending ; includ- ing ; receiving ; accepting ; having conjugal intercourse. 9. Attempting to influence a jury corruptly. t EM-BRAID', V. t. To upbraid. Elyot. *EM-BRA-SURE', (em-bra-zhure'") n. [Fr.] 1. An opening in a wall or parapet, through which cannon are pointed and discharged.— 2. In architecture, the enlar^jement of the aperture of a door or window, on the inside of the walh t EM-BRaVE', v. t. 1. To embellish ; to make showy 2. To inspire w:th bravery ; to make bold. EM'BR0-€ATE, v. t. [Gr. eji^qzx"^-] I" surcrery snd med- icine, to moisten and rub a diseased part of the body with a liquid substance. EM'BR0-€A-TED, Tpp. Moistened and rubbed witli a wet cloth or spunge. EM'BR0-€A-TING, -ppr. Moistening and rubbing a diseas- ed part with a wet cloth or spunge. EM-BRO-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of moistening and rubbing a disease'' nart with a cloth or spunge dipped in some liquid substance. 2 The liquid with which an aifected part is washed. EM-BROID'ER, v. t. [Fr. broder.] To border with orna- mental needle-work, or figures ; to adorn with raised figures of needle-work, as cloth, stuffs or muslin. EM-BROID'ERED, pp. Adorned with figures of needle- work. EM-BROID'ER-ER, n. One who embroiders. EM-BROID'ER-ING, ppr. Ornamenting with figured nee- dle-work. EM-BROID'ER-Y, n. 1. Work in gold, silver or silk thread, formed by the needle on cloth, stuffs and muslin, into va- rious figures ; variegated needle-work. 2. Variegation or diversity of figures and colors. EM-BROIL', v. t. [Fr. embroviller.] 1. To perplex or en- tangle ; to intermix in confusion. 2. To involve in troubles or perplexities ; to disturb or distract by connection with something else ; to throw into confusion or commotion ; to perplex. EM-BROIL'ED, (em-broil*) pp. Perplexed ; entangled ; in- termixed and confused ; involved in trouble. EM-BROIL'ING, ppr. Perplexing ; entangling ; involving in trouble. EM-BROIL'MENT, 71. Confusion ; disturbance. EM-BROTH'EL, v. t. To inclose in a brothel. Donne. EM'BRY-O, ) n. [Gr. ei^^pvov ; L. embryon.l 1. In physi- EM'BRY-ON, ] ology, the first rudiments ot an animal in the womb, before the several members are distinctly formed; after which it is called a, fetus. 2. The rudi- ments of a plant. 3. The beginning or first state of any thing not fit for production. EM'BRY-O, ) a. Pertaining to or noting any thing in its EM'BRY-ON, ) first rudiments or unfinished state. EM-BRY-OT*0-MY, n. [embryo, and Gr. ropiv-] A cutting or forcible separation of the fetus in utero. t EM-BUS'Y, (em-biz'y) v. t. To employ. jEME, ?t. [Sax. eame.] Uncle. See Eame. E-MEN'A-GOGUE. See Emmenagogue. t E-MEND', V. t. To amend. E-MEND'A-BLE, a. [L. emcndabilis.] Capable of being amended or corrected. See Amendable. t E-MEN'DATE-LY, adv. Without fault ; correct. Taverner. EM-EN-Da'TION, 71. [L. emendatio.'] 1. Tlie act of alter- ing for the better, or correcting what is erroneous or faul- ty ; correction. When we speak of life and manners, we use amend, amendment, the Frencli orthography. 2. An alteration for the better ; correction of an error or fault. EM-EN-Da'TOR, n. A corrector of errors or faults in writings ; one who corrects or improves. E-MEND' A-TO-RY, a. Contributing to emendation. {■ E-MEN DI-CATE, V. t. [L. emendico.] To beg. See Mendicate. EM'E-RALD, n. [Sp. esmeralda.] A mineral and a precious stone, whose colors are a pure, lively green, varying to a pale, yellowish, bluish, or grass green. E-MER6E', (e-merj') v. i. [L. emerffo.] 1. To rise out of a fluid or other covering or surrounding substance. 2. To issue ; to proceed from. 3. To reappear, after being eclipsed ; to leave the sphere of the obscuring object. 4. To rise out of a state of depression or obscurity ; to rise into view. E-MER6'ENCE, ) n. 1. The act of rising out of a fluid or E-MER6'EN-CY, \ other covering or surrounding matter. 2. The act of rismg or starting into view ; the act of issu- ing from, or quitting. 3. That which comes suddenly ; a sudden occasion ; an unexpected event. 4. Exigence ; any event or occasional combination of circumstances which calls for immediate action or remedy ; pressing neces- sity. E-MERG'ENT, a. 1. Rising out of a fluid or any thing that covers or surrounds. 2. Issuing or proceeding from. 3. Rising out of a depressed state or from obscurity. 4. Coming suddenly ; sudden ; casual ; unexpected ; urgent ; pressing. E-MER'IT-ED, a. [L. emeritus.] Allowed to have done suf- ficient public service. Evelyn. EM'E-RODS, 71. with a plural termination. [Corrupted from hemorrhoids ; Gr. aifjioppoiSes.] Hemorrhoids ; piles ; a dilatation of the veins about the rectum, with a discharge of blood. E-MER'SION, n [L. emergo.] 1. The act of rising out of a fluid or other covering or surrounding substance. — 2. In astronomy, the reappearance of a heavenly body after an eclipse. '3. The reappearance of a star, which has been hid by the effulgence of the sun's light. 4. Extrication. EM'ER-Y, n. [Fr. enicril, em.eri.] A mineral. E-MET'IC, a. [It., Sp. e7netico.] Inducing to vomit ; ex- citing the stomach to discharge its contents by the oesopha- gus and mouth. E-MET'IC, n. A medicine that provokes vomiting. E-MET'I-CAL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to excite vomiting. Boyle.' EM'E-TIN, n. A substance obtained from the root of ipe- _ cacuana. g'MEVV I "' ^ "^™^ of the cassowary. EM-I-€A'TION, n. [L. emicatio.] A sparkling ; a flying off" in small particles, as from heated iron or fermenting liquors. E-MIC'TION, n. [L. mingo.] The discharging of urine ; urine ; what is voided by the urinary passages. EM'I-GRANT, a. Removing from one place or country to another distant place with a view to reside. EM'I-GRANT, n. One who removes his habitation, or quits one country or region to settle in another. EBI'I-GRATE, v. i. [L. emigro.] To quit one country, state or region and settle in another ; to remove from one coun- try or state to another for the purpose of residence. EM'I-GRA-TING, ppr. Removing from one country or state to anotlier for residence. EM-I-GRa'TIOPJ, n. Removal of inhabitants from one coun try or state to another, for the purpose of residence. EM'I-NENCE, )n. [L. emincjitia.] 1. Elevation ; height ; EM'I-NEN-CY, \ a rising ground ; a hill. 2. Summit : highest part, 3. A part rising or projecting beyond the rest, or above the surface. 4. An elevated situation among men ; a place or station above men in general, either in rank, office or celebrity. 5. Exaltation ; high rank ; distinction ; celebrity ; fame ; preferment ; con- spicuousness. 6. Supreme degree. 7. Notice ; distinc- tion. 8. A title of honor given to cardinals and others. EM'I-NENT, «. [L. emineyis.] 1. High; lofty. 2. Exalt- ed in rank ; high in office ; dignified ; distinguished. 3. High in public estimation ; conspicuous ; distinguished above others ; remarkable. EM'l-NENT-LY, adv. In a high degree ; in a degree to at- _ tract observation. E'MIR, n. [Ar.] A title of dignity among the Turks, de- noting a prince. EM'IS-SA-RY, n. [L. emissarius.] 1. A person sent on a mission ; a missionary employed to preach the gospel. 2. A person sent on a private message or business ; a se- cret agent ; a spy. — An emissary may differ from a spy. A spy, in war, is one who enters an enemy's camp or ter- ritories to learn the condition of the enemy ; an emissary may be a secret agent employed not only to detect the schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their coun- cils, 3. That which sends out or emits ; [not used.] EM'IS-SA-RY, a. Exploring ; spying. B. Jonson. E-MIS'SION, n. [L. emissio.] 1. The act of sending or throwing out. 2. The act of sending abroad, or into cir- culation, notes of a state or of a private corporation. 3 That which is sent out or issued at one time ; an impres- sion or a number of notes issued by one act of govern ment. EM-IS-Si"TIOUS, a. Prving ; narrowly examining. Bp Hall. E-MIT', v.t. [L, emitto.] 1. To send forth; to throw or give out. 2. To let fly ; to discharge ; to dart or shoot. 3. To issue forth, as an order or decree. 4. To issue, as notes or bills of credit ; to print, and send into circulation. EM-MEN' A-GOGUE, n. [Gr. eiijxrjvos.] A medicine that promotes the menstrual discharge. EM'MET, n. [Sax. (Bmet.] An ant or pismire. EM-MEW, V. t. To mew ; to coop up ; to confitie in a coop or cage. Shak. t EM-MOVE', V. t. To move ; to rouse ; to excite. Spenser. EM-OL-LES'CENCE, n. [L. emollescens.] In metallurgy * See Synopsis. M5VE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH ajg SH ; TH as in this, f Oisolete. EMP 294 EMP that degree of softness in a fusible body, whicli alters its shape ; the first or lowest degree of fusibility. E-MOL'LI-ATE, v. t. [L. emollio.] To soften ; to render effeminate. E-MOL'LI-A-TED, pp. Softened ; rendered effeminate. E-MOL'LI-A-TING, ppr. Softening ; rendering effeminate. E-MOL'LI-ENT, a. Softening ; making supple ; relaxing the solids. Arbuthnot. E-MOL'LI-ENT, n. A medicine which softens and relaxes, or sheaths the solids. Coxe. EM-OL-Ll"TiON, n. Tlie act of softening or relaxftig. E-MOL'U-MENT, n. [L. emolunientum.] 1. The profit arising from ofiice or employment ; that which is received as a compensation for services. 2. Profit; advantage j gains in general. E-MOL-U-MENT'AL, a. Producing profit 5 useful 3 profit- able ; advantageous. Evelyn. E-M6NGST', for among, in Spenser, is a mistake. E-MO'TION, ?j. \Ij. emotio.] 1. A moving of the mind ; any agitation of mind, or excitement of sensibility.— 2. In a philosophical sense, an internal motion or agitation of the mind, which passes away without desire ; when de- sire follows, the motion or agitation is called a. passion. t EM-PAIR' V. t. To impair. See Impair. t EM-PAIR', V. i. To become less ; to grow worse. Spenser. Ei\I-PaLE', v. t. [Port, empalar ; Fr. cmpaler.] 1. To fence or fortify with stakes ; to set a line of stakes or posts for defense. 2. To inclose ; to surround. 3. To inclose ; fo shut in. 4. To thrust a stake up the fundament, and thus put to death ; to put to death by fixing on a stake. EM-PaL'ED, (em-pald') pp. Fenced or fortified with stakes ; inclosed ; shut in ; fixed on a stake. EM-PaLE'MENT, 71. 1. A fencing, fortifying or inclosing with stakes ; a putting to death by thrusting a stake into the body.— 2. In botany, the calyx or flower-cup of a plant, which surrounds the fructification, like a fence of pales. — 3. In heraldry, a conjunction of coats of arms, pale-wise. EM-PaL'ING, ppr. Fortifying with pales or stakes ; inclo- sing ; putting to death on a stake. EM-PAN'NEL, n. [Fr. panneau.] A list of jurors ; a small piece of paper or parchment containing the names of the jurors summoned by the sheriff; now written pawneZ. EM-PAN'NEL, v. t. To form a list of jurors. It is now Avritten impannel, which see. EM-PARK', V. t. To inclose as with a fence. King. EM-PAR'LANCE. See Imparlance. EM-PASM', n. [Gr. Ejuiracro-u.] A powder used to prevent the bad scent of the body. EM-PAS'SION, v. t. To move with passion ; to affect strongly. See Impassion. Milton. EM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Strongly affected. Spenser. EM-PeACH'. See Impeach. EM-PEl'RAL. See Empiric. EM-PeO'PLE, (em-pee'pl) v. t. To form into a people or community. [Little used.] Spenser. EM'PER-ESS. See Empress. ■f EM-PER'IL, V. t. To endanger. Spenser. t EM-PER'ISHED, a. Decayed. Spenser. EM'PER-OR, n. [Fr. empereur ; Sp. emperador j It. impe- radore ; L. imperator.] Literally, the commander of an army. — In modermtiwies, the sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire ; a title of dignity superior to that of king. fEM'PER-Y, n. Empire. ShaJc. EM'PHA-SIS, 71. [Gr. £/^^acr£f.] In rhetoric, a particular stress of voice, given to certain words or parts of a dis- course, or a distinctive utterance of words specially sig- nificant. _ EM'PHA-SiZE, V. t. To utter or pronounce with a particu- lar or more forcible stress of voice. EM-PHAT'I€, I a. 1. Forcible ; strong ; impressive. EM-PHAT'I-€AL, \ 2. Requiring emphasis. 3. Uttered with emphasis. 4. Striking to the eye. EM-PHAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1. With emphasis ; strongly ; forcibly. 2. According to appearance ; [not used.] Brown. EM-PHY-Se'MA, ) n. [Gr. £//0u(TJ7/^a.] In surgery, a puffy EM'PHY-SEM, ) tumor, easily yielding to pressure. EM-PHY-SEM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to emphysema; swelled, bloated, but yielding easily to pressure. EM-PHY-TEu'TI€, a. [Gr. qi, tv and (jtvTtvGLi.] Taken on hire ; that for which rent is to be paid, t EM-PIERCE', (em-pers') v. t. To pierce into ; to pene- trate. See Pierce. Spenser. tEM-PlGHT', a. [from pig-M, to fix.] Fixed. Spenser. EM'PlRE, 71. [Fr., from L. iwperium.] 1. Supreme power in governing ; supreme dominion ; sovereignty ; imperial power. 2. The territory, region or countries under the jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor. An empire is usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom. 3. Supreme control ; governing influence ; rule ; sway. 4, Any region, land or water, over which dominion is ex- tendea. * EM'PI-RI€, n. [Gr. eixireipiKo^.] Literally, one who makes experiments. A physician who enters on practice without a regular professional education. A quack ; an ignorant pretender to medical skill ; a charlatan. EM-PIR'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to experiments or expe- EM-PIR'I-€AL, ) rience. 2. Versed in experiments. 3. Known only by experience ; derived from experiment j used and applied without science. EM-PIR'I-€AL-LY, adv. By experiment ; according to ex- perience ; without science ; in the manner of quacks. EM-PIR'I-CISM, 71. 1. Dependence of a physician on his experience in practice, without the aid of a regular med- ical education. 2. The practice of medicine without a medical education ; quackery. EM-PLAS'TER, n. [Gr. E/zTrAaorpov.] See Plaster. EM-PLaS'TER, v.t. To cover with a plaster. Mortimer. EM-PLAS'TI€, a. [Gr. eixnXacrTiKos.] See Plastic. Vis- cous ;_glutinous ; adhesive ; fit to be applied as a plaster. EM-PLeAD', v. t. To charge with a crime ; to accuse. It is now written implead. EM-PLOY', V. t. [Fr. employer.] 1. To occupy the time, attention and labor of; to keep busy, or at work ; to use. 2. To use as an instrument or means. 3. To use as ma- terials in forming any thing. 4. To engage in one's ser- vice ; to use as an agent or substitute in transacting busi- ness. 5. To occupy ; to use ; to apply or devote to an object ; to pass in business. — To employ one^s self, is to ap- ply or devote one's time and attention ; to busy one's self. EM-PLOY', n. 1. That which engages the mind, or occu- pies the time and labor of a person ; business ; object of study or industry ; employment. 2. Occupation, as art, mystery, trade, piofession. 3. Public office; agency; service for another EM-PLOY' A-BLE, a. That may be employed ; capable of being used ; fit or proper for use. Boyle. EM-PLOY'ED, (em-ployd') pp. Occupied ; fixed or en- gaged ; applied in business ; used in agency. EM-PLOY'ER, n. One who employs ; one who uses ; one who engages or keeps in sei-vice. EM-PLOY'ING, ppr. Occupying ; using ; keeping busy. EM-PLOY'MENT, n. 1. The act of employing or using. 2. Occupation ; business ; that which engages the head or hands. 3. Ofiice; public business or trust; agency or service for another or for the public. EM-PLUNGE'. See PlUnge. EM-POIS'ON, v. t. [Fr. empoisonner.] 1. To poison ; to administer poison to. 2. To taint with poison or venom ; to render noxious or deleterious by an admixture of poison- ous substance. 3. To imbitter ; to deprive of sweetness. EM-POIS'ONED, pp. Poisoned ; tainted with venom ; ira- bittered. EM-POIS'ON-ER, 71. One who poisons ; one who adminis- ters a deleterious drug ; he or that which imbitters. EM-POIS'ON-ING, ppr. Poisoning ; imbittering. EM-POIS'ON-MENT, n. The act of administermg poison, or causing it to be taken ; the act of destroying life by a deleterious drug. EM-PO-RET'I€, a. [Gr. zpLirogeTiKoi.] Used in markets, or in rnerchandise. EM-Po'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1. A place of merchandise ; a town or city of trade ; particularly, a city or town of ex- tensive commerce.— 2. In medicine, the common sensory in the brain. EM-POV'ER-ISII. See Impoverish. EM-POWER, V. t. 1. To give legal or moral power or au- , thority to ; to authorize, either by law, commission, letter of attorney, natural right, or by verbal license. 2. To give physical power or force ; to enable. EM-POW^'ERED, pp. Authorized ; having legal or moral right. EM-POW'ER-ING, ypr. Authorizing; giving power. EM'PRESS, 71. [contracted from emperess.] 1. The con- sort or spouse of an emperor. 2. A female who gov- erns an empire ; a female invested with imperial power or sovereignty. EM-PRlSE', n. [Norm. ; em, en sxiA prise.] An undertak- ing ; an enterprise. Spenser. EMP'TI-ER, 71. One that empties or exhausts. EMP'TI-NESS, n. 1. A state of being empty ; a state of containing nothing except arf ; destitution; absence of matter. 2. Void space ; vacuity ; vacuum. 3. Want of solidity or substance. 4. Unsatisfactoriness ; inability to satisfy desire. 5 Vacuity of head ; want of intellecf, or knowledge. Pope. EMP'TION, n. [L. emptio.] The act of buying ; a purchas- ing. [Mot much u^ed.] Arbuthnot. EMP'TY, a. [Sax. mmtig, or cemti.] 1. Containing nothing, or nothing but air. 2. Evacuated ; not filled. 3. Unfur- nished. 4. Void ; devoid. 5. Void ; destitute of solid matter. 6. Destitute of force or effect. 7. Unsubstantial ; unsatisfactory ; not able to fill the mind or the desires. 8. Not supplied ; having nothing to carry. 9. Hungry. 10. Unfurnished with intellect or knowledge ; vacant of head ; ignorant. 11. Unfruitful ; producing nothing 12. Wcinting substance ; wanting solidity. 13. Destitut-e , * See Synopsis. A, S, r, O, t!, "?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. ENA 295 ENC waste ; desolate. 14. Without effect. 15. Without a cargo ; in ballast. IlMP'TY, V. t. 1. To exhaust ; to make void or destitute ; to deprive of the contents. 2. To pour out the contents. 3. To waste ; to make desolate. EMP'TY, V. i. 1. To pour out or discharge its contents. 2. To become empty. J^MP'TY-ING, ppr. Touring out the contents ; making void. EMFTY-INGS, n. The lees of beer, cider, &c. EM-PUR'PLE, V. t. To tinge or dye of a purple color j to discolor with purple. Philips. EM-PUR'PLED, pp. Stained with a purple color. EM-PUR'PLING, ppr. Tinging or dyeing of a purple color. •(• EM-PuSE'j n. [Gr. elx■Kov(sa.^ A phantom or spectre. EM-PUZ^ZLE. See Puzzle. EM-PY-E'MA, n. [Gr. eixnvrjixa.] A collection of purulent matter in any part whatsoever j generally used to signify that in the cavity of the breast only. Q,uincy. EM-PYR'E-AL, a. [Ft. empyree.] I. Formed of pure fire or light; refined beyond aerial substance; pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven. 2. Pure ; vital ; dephlogisticated. * EM-PY-Re'AN, a. Empyreal. Akenside. * EM-PY-Re'AN, n. The highest heaven, where the pure element of fire has been supposed to subsist. EM-PYR'E-UM, n. The same as evipyreuma. EM-PY-REu'MA, n. [Gr.] In chemistry, a disagreeable smell produced from burnt oils. EM-PY-REU-MAT'ie, ; a. Having the taste or smell EM-PY-REU-MAT'I-eAL, ) of burnt oil, or of burning animal and vegetable substances. EM-PYR'I-€AL, a. Containhig the combustible principle of coal. Kirwan. EM-PY-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. s/^TriijJoa).] A general fire; a con- flagration. [Little wsed.} Hale. EM'RODS. See Emerods. E'MU, n. A large fowl of South America, with wings unfit for flight. EM'U-LATE, v. t. [L. mmulor.] 1. To strive to equal or excel, in qualities or actions ; to imitate, with a view to equal or excel ; to vie with ; to rival. 2. To be equal to. 3. To imitate ; to resemble ; [unusual.'] EM'U-LATE, a. Ambitious. [Little used.] Shah. EM'U-LA-TED, pp. Rivaled ; imitated. EM'U-LA-TING, ppr. Rivaling ; attempting to equal or excel; imitating; resembling. EM-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of attempting to equal or excel in qualities or actions ; rivalry ; desire of superior- ity, attended with effort to attain to it ; generally in a good sense. 2. An ardor kindled by the praise-worthy examples of others, inciting to imitate them, or to equal or excel them. 3. Contest ; contention ; strife ; competi- tion; rivalry accompanied with a desire of depressing another. EM'U-LA-TiVE, a. Inclined to emulation ; rivaling ; dis- posed to competition. EM'U-LA-TOR, n. One who emulates ; a rival ; a compet- itor. EM'U-LA-TRESS, n. A female who emulates another. ] E-MULE', V. t. To emulate. E-MUL6'ENT, a. [L. emulgco.] Milking or draining out. In anatomy, the emulgent or renal arteries are those which supply the kidneys with blood . The emulgent veins re- turn rhe blood, after the urine is secreted. E-MULG'ENT, n. An emulgent vessel. EM'U-LOUS, a. [L. amulus.] 1. Desirous or eager to imi- tate, equal or excel another ; desirous of like excellence with another ; with of. 2. Rivaling ; engaged in compe- tition. 3. Factious ; contentious. EM'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With desire of equalling or excelling another. Granville. E-MUL'SION, n. [Fr., from L. emulsus.] A soft liquid remedy of a color and consistence resembling milk. E-MUL'SIVE, a. 1. Softening; milk-like. 2. Producing or yielding a milk-like substance. E-MUN€'TO-RY, n. [L. emunctorium.] In anatomy, any part of the body which serves to carry off excrementitious matter ; a secretory gland ; an excretory duct. EM-US-€a'TION, n. [L. emuscor.] A freeing from moss. [JVot much used.] Evelyn. EN, a prefix to many English words, chiefly borrowed from the French. It coincides with the Latin in, Greek ev, and some English words are written indifferently with en or in. For the ease of pronunciation, it is changed to em., particularly before a labial, as in employ.— En was for- merly a plural termination of nouns and of verbs, as in housen, escapen. It is retained in oxen and children. EN-a'BLE, v. t. [Norm, enhabler.] 1. To make able ; to supply with power, physical or moral ; to furnish with sufficient power or ability. 2. To supply with means. 3. To furnish with legal ability or competency ; to au- thorize. 4. To furnish with competent knowledge or skill, and, in general, with adequate means. EN-S'BLED, pp. Supplied with suflicient power, physlcaf, moral or legal. EN-A'BLE-MENT, n. The act of enabling ; ability. EN-a'BLING, ppr Giving power to ; supplying with sufii- cient power, ability or means ; authorizing. EN-A€!T', v. t. [en and act.] I. To make, as a law ; to pass, as a bill into a law ; to perform the last act of a legislature to a bill, giving it validity as a lavs ; to give legislative sanction to a bill. 2. To decree ; to establish as the will of the supreme power. 3. To act ; to perform ; to effect ; ' [not used.] 4. To represent in action ; [not used.] Shak. t EN-ACT', n. Purpose; determination. EN-ACT'ED, pp. Passed into a law ; sanctioned as a law, by legislative authority. EN-ACT'ING, ppr. 1. Passing into a law ; giving legisla- tive sanction to a bill, and establishing it as a law. 2. a. Giving legislative forms and sanction. EN-ACT'lYE, a. Having the power to establish or decree. Bp. Bramhall. EN-ACT'MENT, n. The passing of a bill into a law ; the act of voting, decreeing, and giving validity to a law. Chr. Observer. EN-ACT'OR, 71, 1. One who enacts or passes a law ; one who decrees or establishes, as a law. 2. One who per- forms any thing ; [not used.] Shak. t EN-ACT'URE, n. Purpose. Shak. E-NAL'LA-6E, n. [Gr. evaAAa)/);.] A figure, in grammar, by which some change is made m the common mode of speech, or when one word is substituted for anotiier. EN-AM'BUSH, v. t. 1. To hide in ambush. 2. To ambush. EN-AM'B j,JSHED, ]}p. Concealed in ambush, or with hostile intention ; ambushed. EN-AM'EL, 11. [en, and Fr. email.] 1. In mineralogy, a substance imperfectly vitrified — In the arts, a substance of the nature of glass, differing from it by a greater degree of fusibility or opacity. 2. That which is enameled ; a smooth, glossy surface of various colors, resembling en« amel. — 3. In anatojny, the smooth, hard substance, which covers the crown of a to6th. EN-AM'EL, V. t. 1. To lay enamel on a metal, as on gold, silver, copper, &c. 2. To paint in enamel. 3. To form a glossy surface like enamel. EN-AM'EL, V. i. To practice the use of enamel. EN-AM'EL-AR, a. Consisting of enamel ; resembling en- amel ; smooth ; glossy. EN-AM'ELED, pp. Overlaid with enamel ; adorned vv^ith any thing resembling enamel. EN-AM'EL-ER, 71. One who enamels ; one whose occupa- tion is to lay enamels, or inlay colors. EN-AM'EL-ING, ppr. Laying enamel. EN-AM'EL-ING, n. The act or art of laying enamels. EN-AM'OR, v. t. [Fr. amour.] To inflame with love ; tc charm ; to captivate. EN-AM-O^Ra'DO, n. One deeply in love. Herbert. EN-AM'ORED, pp. Inflamed with love; charmed; de- lighted. EN-AM'OR-ING, 7?pr. Inflaming with love; charming, captivating. EN-ARM'ED, (en-armd') a. In heraldry, having arms, that is, horns, hoofs, &c. of a different color from that of the body. EN-AR-Ra'TION, n. [L. enarro.] Recital ; relation ; ac- count ; exposition. [Little used.] EN-AR-THRo'SIS, 71. [Gr. eva^Qgwais.] In anatomy, that species of articulation, which consists in the insertion of the round end of a bone in the cup-like cavity of another, forming a movable joint ; the ball and socket. E-NaTE', a. [L. enatus.] Growing out. Smith. t E-NAUN'TER, adv. Lest that, denser. EN-€a6E', v. t. To shut up or confine in a cage ; to coop. Shak. EN-CaG'ED, (en-kajd') pp. Shut up or confined in a cage EN-€a6'ING, ppr. Cooping ; confining in a cage. EN-€AMPi, v.i. 1. To pitch tents or fonn huts, as an army ; to halt on a march, spread tents and remain for a night or for a longer time, as an army or company. 2. To pitch tents for the purpose of a siege ; to besiege. EN-CAMP', V. t. To form into a camp ; to place a marching army or company in a temporary habitation or quarters. EN-CAMP'ED, (en-kampf) pp. Settled in tents or huts for lodging or temporary habitation. EN-CAMP'ING, ppr. Pitching tents or forming huts, for a temporary lodging or rest. EN-CAMP'MENT, n. 1. The act of pitching tents or form- ing huts, as an army or traveling company, for temporary lodging or rest. 2. The place where an army or company is encamped ; a camp. EN-€ANK'ER, v. t. To corrode ; to canker. Shelton. EN-€aSE', v. t. To inclose or confine in a case or cover. EN-€AUS'TI€, a. [Gr. ev and KavamKos.] Pertaining to tjie art of enameling, and to painting in burnt wax. EN-€AUS'Tie, n. 1. Enamel or enameling. 2. The method of painting in burnt wax. * See S?/wop.5w. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete ENC 296 ENC EN-€SVE', V. i To hide in a cave or recess. Shak. EN-CEINT', (anrsaint') n. [Fr.] In fortification, inclosme; the wall or rampart which surrounds a place. EN-CEINT', (an-saint') a. In law, pregnant ; with child. EN-Ce'NI-A, ?;. plu. [Gt. evyKatvia.] Festivals anciently kept on the days on which cities were built, or churches consecrated ; and, in later times, ceremonies renewed at certain periods, as at Oxford , at the celebrations of foun- ders and benefactors. Oldisworth. EN-CHaFE', v. t. To chafe or fret ; to provoke ; to en- rage ; to irritate. See Chafe. EN-CHaF'ED, (en-chaff) pp. Chafed ; irritated ; en- raged. EN-CHaF'ING, ppr. Chafing ; fretting ; enraging. EN-CHAIN', V. t. [Fr. enchahier.] 1. To fasten with a chain ; to bind or hold in chains ; to hold in bondage. 2. To hold fost ; to restrain ; to confine. 3. To link togeth- er ; to connect. EN-CHa1N'ED, (en-chand') pp. Fastened with a chain ; held in bondage ; held fast ; restrained ; confined. EN-UHaIN'ING, ppr. Making fast with a chain; binding; holding in chains ; confining. EN-CHANT', V. t. [Fr. enchanter.] 1. To practice sorcery or witchcraft on any thing ; to give efficacy to any thing by songs of sorcery, or fascination. 2. To subdue by charms or spells, 3. To delight to the highest degree ; to charm ; to ravish with pleasure. EN-CHANT'ED, pp. 1. Affected by sorcery ; fascinated ; subdued by charms ; delighted beyond measure. 2. In- habited or possessed by elves, witches, or other imaginary mischievous spirits. EN-CHaNTEK, n. 1. One who enchants ; a sorcerer or magician; one who has sphits or demons at his com- mand ; one who practices enchantment. 2. One who charms or delights. — Enchanter's nightshade, a genus of plants, the circcea. EN-CHANTlNG, ppr. 1. Affecting with sorcery, charms or spells. 2. Delighting highly ; ravishing with delight ; char'ning. 3. a. Charming; delighting; ravishing. EN-CHaNT'ING-LY, adv. With "the power of enchant- ment ; in a manner to delight or chann. EN-CHaNT'MENT, n. 1. The act of producing certain wonderful effects by the invocation or aid of demons, or the agency of certain supposed spirits ; the use of magic arts, spells or charms; incantation. 2. Irresistible influ- ence ; overpowering influence of delight. EN-CHANT'RESS, n. 1. A sorceress ; a woman who pre- tends to effect wonderful things by the aid of demons ; one who pretends to practice magic. 2. A woman whose beauty or excellencies give irresistible influence. t SN-CHAP.,GE', v. t. To give in charge or trust. EN-CHASE', V. t. [Fr. enchasser.] 1. To infix or inclose in another body so as to be held fast, but not concealed. 2. Technically, to adorn by embossed work ; to enrich or beautify any work in metal, by some design. 3. To adorn by being fixed on it. 4. To mark by incision. 5. To de- lineate. EN-CHaS'ED, (en-chasf) pp. Enclosed as in a frame or in another body ; adorned with embossed work. EN-CHaS'ING, ppr. Inclosing in another body; adorning with embossed work. t EN-CHeAS'ON, ??.. [OldFr.] Cause; occasion. t EN-€HI-RID'I-ON, 71. [Gr. ev and ;^ap. j A manual ; a book to be carried in the hand. t EN-CIN'DERED, a. Burnt to cinders. Cocker aju. EN-CiR'€LE, V. t. 1. To inclose or surround with a circle or ring, or with any thing in a chcular form. 2. To en- compass ; to surround ; to environ. 3. To embrace. EN-CiR'€LED, pp. SmToimded with a circle ; encompassed; - environed ; embraced. EN-CiR'CLET, n. A circle ; a ring. Sidney. EN-CiR'€LING, ppr. Surrounding with a circle or ring ; encompassing ; embracing. EN-€LIT'I€, ) a. [Gr. tyKKiTiKog.'] 1. Leaning; inclin- EN-CLIT'I-€AL, \ ing, or inclined. — In grammar, an en- clitic particle or word is one which is so closely united to another as to seem to be a part of it ; as que, ve, and ve, in viriiviqne, nonne, aliusve. 2. Throwing back the ac- cent upon the foregoing syllable. EN-CLIT'I€, n. LA word which is joined to the end of another ; as que, in virumque. 2. A particle or word that throws the accent or emphasis back upon the former syl- lable. EN-€LIT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an enclitic manner ; by thro v/- ing the accent back. Walker. EN-€L1T'I€S, a. In grammar, the art of declining and conjugating words. EN-€LoSE'. See Inclose. EN-€LOUD'ED, a. Covered with clouds. Spenser. EN-€oACH', V. t. To carry in a coach. Davics. EN-€OF'FIN, V. t. To put in a coffin. EN-€OF'FINED, pp. Inclosed in a coffii? Spenser. EN-€6M'BER. See Ekcumbeh. tEN-€6M'BER-MENT, m. Molestation. Spensir. EN-€o'MI-AST, n. [Gr. Ey/cw^ujaorj??.] One who praises another; a panegyrist; one who utters or writes com- mendations. EN-€0-MI-AS'TI€, ) a. Bestowing praise ; praising , EN-€0-MI-AS'TI-€AL, ) commending; laudatory. EN-eO-MI-AS'TI€, n. A panegyric. t EN-Co'MI-ON, n. Panegyric. Fotherhy. EN-€o'MI-UM, n. ; plu. Encomiums. [L.] Praise ; pane- gyric ; commendation. EN-€6M'PASS, v. t. 1. To encircle : to surround. 2. To environ ; to inclose ; to surround; to shut pa. 3. To go or sail round. EN-€oM'PASSED, pp. Encircled ; surrounded ; inclosed.. EN-e6M'PASS-ING,ppr. Encircling; surrounding. EN-€6M'PASS-MENT, n. 1. A surrounding. 2. A going round ; circumlocution in speaking. Shak. *EN-€oRE', a French word pronounced nearly Un-kore' and signifying again, once more ; used by the auditors and spectators of plays and other sports, when tliey call for a i;epetition of a particular part. * EN-€oRE', (an-kore' ) v. t. To call for a repetition of a par- ticular part of an entertainment. EN-€OUNT'ER, n. [Fr. encontre.] 1. A meeting, particu- larly a sudden or accidental meeting of two or more per sons. 2. A meeting in contest; a single combat, on a sudden meeting of parties ; sometimes, less properly, a duel. 3. A fight ; a conflict ; a skirmish ; a battle ; but more generally, a fight between a small number of men. 4. Eager and warm conversation, either in love or anger. 5. A sudden or unexpected address or accosting. 6. Oc- casion ; casual incident ; [urmsual.] EN-€OUNT'ER, v. t. [Sp., Port, encontrar ; Fr. rencon- tr-er.] 1. To meet face to face; particularly, to meet suddenly or unexpectedly. 2. To meet in opposition, or in a hostile manner ; to rush against in conflict ; to engage with in battle. 3. To meet and strive to remove or sur- mount. 4. To meet and oppose ; to resist ; to attack and attempt to confute. 5. To meet, as an obstacle. 6. To oppose; to oppugn. 7. To meet in mutual kindness; [little 2ised.] EN-€OUNT'ER, v. i. 1. To meet face to face ; to meet un- expectedly. 2. To rush together in combat; to fight; to conflict. 3. To meet in opposition or debate. EN-GOUNT'ERED, pp. Met face to face ; met in opposition or hostility ; opposed. EN-€01TNT'ER-ER, n. One who encountei-s ; an oppo- nent ; an antagonist. Attcrhury. EN-eOUNT'ER-ING,;>f)r. Meeting; meeting in opposition, or in battle ; opposing ; resisting. EN-CoUR'AGE, (en-kur'raje) v. t. [Fr. encourager.] To give courage to ; to give or increase confidence of success ; to inspire with courage, spirit, or strength of mind ; to embolden ; to animate ; to incite ; to inspirit. EN-CoUR'AGED, pp. Emboldened ; inspirited ; animated j incited. EN-€6UR'A6E-MENT, n. 1. The act of giving courage, or confidence of success ; incitement to action or to prac- tice ; incentive. 2. That which serves to incite, support, promote or advance, as favor, countenance, rewards, profit. EN-€oUR'A-GER, n. One who encourages, incites or stim- ulates to action ; one who supplies incitements, either by council, reward or means of execution. EN-€6UR'A-6lNG,ppr. 1. Inspning with hope and confi- dence ; exciting courage. 2. a. Furnishing ground to hope for success. EN-€oUR'A-GlNG-LY, adv. In a manner to give courage, or hope of success. EN-€Ra'DLE, v. t. To lay in a cradle. Spenser. EN-CRIM'SON, V. t. To cover with a crimson color. EN-€RIM'S0NED, pp. Covered with a crimson color. EN'€RI-NITE, n. [Gr. Kpivov.] Stone-lily ; a fossil zoo- phyte, formed of many joints, all perforated by some starry from. EN-CRISP'ED, (en-krispt'") a. [Sp. encrespar.] Curled, formed in curls. Skelton. EN-€RoACH , •;;. i. [Fr. accrocher.] 1. To enter on the rights and possessions of another ; to intrude ; to take possession of what belongs to another, by gradual ad vances into. 2. To creep on gradually, without right. 3 To pass the proper bounds, and enter on another's rights EN-€RoACH'ER, rz. 1. One who enters on and takes pos- session of what is not his own, by gradual steps. 2. One who makes gradual advances beyond his rights. EN-€RoACH'ING, jjpr. Entering on and taking possession of what belongs to another. EN-€RoACH'INGj n. Tending or apt to encroach. EN-€RoACH'ING-LY, adv. By way of encroachment. EN-CRoACH'MENT, n. 1. The entering gradually on the rights or possessions of another, and taking possession , unlawful inti-usion ; advance into the territories or juris- diction of another, by silent means, or without right. 2. * See Synopsis. K, E, I, O, tj "?, Zow?.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY •,— PIN, MARiNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. END 297 ENE That which is taken by encroaching on another.— 3. In laic, if a tenant owes two shillings rent-service to the lord, and the lord takes three, it is an encroachment. EN-CRUST', v.t. To cover with a crust. EN-€UM BER, v. t. [Fr. encombrer. See Incumber.] 1. To load ; to clog ; to impede motion with a load, burden, or any thtug inconvenient to the limbs ; to render motion or operation difficult or laborious. 2. To embarrass ; to perplex ; to obstruct. 3. To load with debts. EN-€UM''BERED, pp. Loaded ; impeded in motion or ope- ration, by a burden or difficulties 3 loaded with debts. EN-€UM'BER-ING, ppr. Loading ; clogging ; rendering motion or operation difficult ; loading with debts. EN-eUM'BRANCE, n. 1. A load ; any thing that impedes motion, or renders it difficult and laborious ; clog ; imped- iment. 2. Useless addition or load. 3. Load or burden on an estate ; a legal claim on an estate, for the discharge of which the estate is liable. tEN-CY€'LI-eAL, a. [Gr. eyKVK^iKos.] Circular; sent to many persons or places ; intended for many, or for a wliole order of men. EN-CY'CLO-PEDE, n. The round of learning. Manmjng- ham. EJV-CY-CLG-Pe'DI-A, or EN-CY-CLO-Pe'DY, «. [Gr. tv, kvkKos and iratBua.l The circle of sciences ; a general system of instruction or knowledge. A collection of the principal facts, principles and discoveries, in all branches of science and the arts, digested under proper titles, and arranged in alphabetical order. EN-CY-CLO-Pe'DI-AN, a. Embracmg the whole circle of learning. EN-CY-CLO-Pe'DIST, n. The compiler of an encyclope- dia, or one who assists in such compilation. EN-CYST'ED, a. Inclosed in a bag, bladder, or vesicle. END, n. [Sax. end, ende, or ande ; G. ende."] 1. The ex- treme point of a Ihie, or of any thing that has more length than breadth. 2. The extremity or last part, in general ; the close or conclusion, applied to time. 3. The conclu- sion or cessation of an action. 4. The close or conclusion ; as the end of a chapter. 5. Ultimate state or condition ; final doom. 6. The point beyond v/hich no progression can be made. 7. Final determination ; conclusion of de- bate or deliberation. 8. Close of life ; death ; decease. 9. Cessation ; period ; close of a particular state of things. 10. Limit; termination. 11. Destruction. 32. Cause of death ; a destroyer. 13. Consequence ; issue ; result ; conclusive event ; conclusion. 14. A fragment or broken piece. Shak. 15. The ultimate point or thing at whifeh one aims or directs his views ; purpose intended ; scope ; aim ; drift. — 16. Jin end, for on end, upright ; erect ; as, his hair stands an end.— 17. The ends of the earth, in Scripture, are the remotest parts of the earth. END, V. t. 1. To finish ; to close ; to conclude ; to termin- ate. 2. To destroy ; to put to death. END, V. i. 1. To come to the ultimate point ; to be finished. 2. To terminate ; to close ; to conclude. 3. To cease ; to come to a close. t END'-ALL, 71. Final close. Shak. EN-DAM' AGE, ii. t. To bring loss or damage to ; to harm ; to injure ; to mischief; to prejudice. EN-DAM' AGED, pp. Harmed ; injured. EN-DAM'A6E-MENT, 7!. Damage; loss; injury. Shak. EN-DAM'A-GING,p;>r. Harming; injuring. EN-DaN'6ER, v. t. 1. To put in hazard ; to bring into dan- ger or peril ; to expose to loss or injury. 2. To incm- the hazard of. Bacon. EN-DaN'GERED, pp. Exposed to loss or injury. EN-DaN'GER-ING,^ ppr. Putting in hazard ; exposing to loss or injurv. EN-DaN'GER-ING, n. Injury ; damage. Milton. EN-DaN'6ER-MENT, 71. Hazard ; danger. Spenser. EN-DeAR', v. t. 1. To make dear ; to make more beloved. 2. To raise the price ; {not in wse.] EN-DeAR'ED, (en-deerd') pp. Rendered dear, beloved, or more beloved. EN-DeAR'ING, -ppr. Making dear or more beloved. EN-DeAR'MENT, 71. 1. The cause of love ; that which ex- cites or increases affection, particularly, that which excites tenderness of affection. 2. The state of being beloved ; tender affection. EN-DEAV'OR, (en-dev'ur) n. [Norm, devoyer.] An effort ; an essay ; an attempt ; an exertion of physical strength, or the intellectual powers,towards the attainment of an object. EN-DEAV'OR, (en-dev'ur) v. i. 1. To exert physical strength or intellectual power, for the accomplishment of an object : to try ; to essay ; to attempt. 2. v. t. To attempt to gain ; to try to efiect. EN-DEAV'ORED, pp. Essayed ; attempted. EN-DEAV'OR-ER, n. One who makes an effort or attempt. EN-DEAV'OR-TNG, ppr. Making an effiDrt or effiarts ; striv- ing; essaying; attempting. EN-DEC'A-GON, '^. [Gr. ev, 6£Ka and yoivta.] A plain figure of eleyen sides and angles. Bailey. EN-DEI€'TI€, a. [Gr. svSeiKvxini, to show.] Showing; ex- hibiting. Enfield. EN-DEM'IC, \ a. [Gr. n'5;;//to?.] Peculiar to a people or EN-DEM'T-CAL, > nation. An e««Zemic disease is one to EN-De'MI-AL, ) which the inhabitants of a particular country are peculiarly subject. EN-DEN'iZE, v. t. To make free ; to naturalize ; to admit to the privileges of a denizen. [Little used.'\ EN-DEN'I-ZEN, v. t. To naturalize. B. Jonson. EN-DICT', EN-DICT'MENT. See Indict, Indictment. END'ING, ppr. Terminating ; closing ; concluding. END'ING, n. 1. Termination ; conclusion. — 2. In gram- mar, the terminating syllable or letter of a word. END-iR-ONS, n. plu. Irons on each side of the fire. See Andirons. EN-DlTE'. Sefi Indite. EN'DlVE, n. [Fr. endive.] A species of plant, of the genus cichorium or succory ; used as a salad. ENDLESS, a. 1. Without end ; having no end or conclu- sion ; applied to length, and to duration. 2. Perpetual; incessant; continual. END'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Without end or termination. 2 Incessantlv ; perpetually ; continually. END'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Extension without end or lunit. 2. Perpetuity ; endless duration. END'LONG, adv. In a line ; with the end forward ; [little used.] Dryden. EN-DOCTRINE, v. t. To teach ; to indoctrinate. EN-DORSE', EN-DORSE'MENT. See Indorse, Indorse- ment. EN-DOSS', ij. t. [Fr. endosser.] To engrave or carve. Spenser. EN-DOW', V. t. [Norm, endouer.] 1. To furnish with a portion of goods or estate, caMea dower ; to settle a dower bn. 2. To settle on, as a permanent provision ; to furnish with a permanent fund of property. 3. To enrich or fur- nish with any gift, quality or faculty ; to indue. EN-DOW'ED, (eu-dowd') pp. Furnished with a portion of estate ; having dower settled on ; supplied with a perma- nent fund ; indued. EN-DOW'ER, r. t. To endow ; to enrich with a portion. Waterhouse. EN-DOW'ER, 71. One who enriches with a portion. Sher-^ wood. EN-DO WING, ppr. Settling a dower on ; furnishing with a permanent fund ; induing. EN-DOW'MENT, n. 1. The act of settling a dower on a woman, or of settling a fund for tlie support of a parson or vicar, or of a professor, &c. 2. That which is bestowed or settled on ; property, fund or revenue permanently ap- propriated to any object. 3. That which is given or be- stowed on the 'person or mind by the Creator ; gift of nature : any quality or faculty bestovv'ed by the Creator. EN-DRU'DgE', (en-druj') v. t To make a dmdge or slave ; [iwtused.] Hall. EN-DuE', v. t. [Fr. enduire ; L. induo.] To indue. EN-DuR'A-BLE, a. That can be borne or suffered. EN-DuR'ANCE, 71. 1. Continuance ; a state of lasting or duration ; lastingness. 2. A tearing or suffering; a con- tinuing under pain or distress without resistance, or with- out sinking or yielding to the pressure ; sufferance ; pa- tience. 3. Delay; a waiting for f [not used.] EN-DuRE', V. i. [Fr. endurer.] 1. To last; to continue in the same state without perishing ; to remain ; to abide. 2. To bear; to brook; to suffer without resistance, or without yielding. EN-DuRE', V. t. 1. To bear; to sustain ; to support with- out breaking or yielding to force or pressure. 2. To bear with patience : to bear without opposition or sinking un- der the pressure. 3. To undergo ; to sustain. 4. To con- tinue in ; [not used.] EN-DuR'ED, (en-diird') pp. Borne ; suffered ; sustained. EN-DuR'ER, n. 1. One who bears, suffers or sustains. 2 He or that which continues long. EN-DtJR'ING, ppr. 1. Lasting; continuing without perish ing ; bearing ; sustaining ; supporting with patience, 01 without opposition or yieldhig. 2. a. Lasting long ; per- manent. END'WISE, adv. On the end ; erectly ; in an upright po- sition. 2. With the end forward. t EN'E-CATE, V. t. [L. eneco.] To kill. Harvey. E-Ne'ID, 71. [L. .Mneis,] A heroic poem, written by Virgil. EN'E-MY, 7!. [Fr. ennc7ni.] 1. A foe ; an adversary. A private enemy is one who hates another and wishes hiin injury. A public enemy or foe is one who belongs to a nation or party at war "with another. 2. One who hates or dislikes. — 3. In theology, and by way of eminerce, the enemy is the devil ; the archfiend. — 4. In military af- fairs, the opposing army or naval force in war is called the enemy. EN-ER-GET'I€, ) a. [Gr evepyvriKos.] 1. Operating EN-ER-GET'I-€AL, \ with force, vigor and effect ; forci ble; powerful; efficacious. 2. Moving; working; ac- tive ; operative. See Synopsis. IMOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete ENF 298 ENG EN-ER-OET'I-GAL-LY, adv. With force and vigor ; with energy and effect. t EN-ER'6I€, a. Powerful in effect. Collins. t EN-ER'6I-€AL, a. Vigorous ; active ; powerful in effect. EN'ER-GiZE, V. i. To act with force ; to operate with vigor ; to act in producing an effect, EN'ER-6iZE, V. t. To give strength or force to ; to give ac- tive vigor to. EN'ER-OlZED, yp. Invigorated. EN'ER-6lZ-ER, n. He or that wliich gives energy ; he or that which acts in producing an effect. EN'ER-GflZ-ING, ppr. Giving energy, force or vigor ; act- ing with force. EN'ER-6Y, n. [Gi: ev spy eia.] 1. Internal or inherent pow- er ; the power of operating, whether exerted or not. 2. Power exerted ; vigorous operation ; force ; vigor. 3. Ef- fectual operation ; efficacy ; strength or force producing the effect. 4. Strength of expression ; force of utterance ; life : spirit ; emphasis. EN-ERV'ATE, a. Weakened ; weak ; without strength or force. * EN'ER-VATE, or £N-ER'VATE, v. t. [L. eiiervo.] 1. To deprive of strength ; to weaken ; to render feeble. 2. To cut the nerves. * EN'ER-VA-TED, pp. Weakened ; enfeebled ; emascu- lated. * EN'ER-VA-TING, ppr. Depriving of strength, force or vigor 3 weakening J enfeebling. EN-ER-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of weakening, or reduc- ing strength. 2. The state of being weakened ; effemi- nacy. EN-ERVE', (en-erv') v. t. To weaken ; the same as enervate, EN-FAM'ISH, v. t. To famish. See Famish. EN-FEE'BLE, v. t. To deprive of strength ; to reduce the strength or force of; to weaken ; to debilitate ; to enervate. E^7-FEE'BLED, pp. Weakened 3 deprived of strength or vigor. EN-FEE'BLE-MENT, n. The act of weakening ; enerva- tion. Spectator. EN-FEE'BLING, ppr. Weakening ; debilitating ; enervat- ing. EN -FEL'ONED, a. Fierce ; cruel. Spenser. * EN -FEOFF', (en-fef) v. t. [Law L. feoffo.] 1. To give one a feud ; hence, to invest with a fee ; to give to another any corporeal hereditament, in fee simple or fee tail, by livery of seizin. 2. To surrt nder or give up ; [notused.'l *EN-FEOFF'ED, (en-feff) pp. Invested with tlae fee of any corporeal hereditament. *EN-FEOFF'ING, ppr. Giving to one the fee simple of any corporeal hereditament. * EN-FEOFF'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving the fee simple of an estate. 2. T)ie instrument or deed by which one is invested with the fee of an estate. EN-FET'TER, v. t. To fetter ; to bind in fetters. Shak. EN-Fe'VER, v. t. To excite fever in. Seward. t EN-FIERCE', (en-fers') v. t. To make fierce. Spenser. ExV-PI-LaDE', n. [Fr.] A line or straight passage ; or the situation of a place vviiich may be seen or scoured with shot all_the length of a line, or in the direction of a line. EN-FI-LaDE', v. t. To pierce, scour or rake with sliot, in the direction of a line, or through the whole length of a line. EN-FI-LaD'ED, pp. Pierced or raked in a line. EN-FI-LaD'ING, ppr. Piercing or sweeping in a line. t EN-FiRE', v. t. To inflame ; to set on fire. Spenser. EN-FLESH', V. t. To harden ; to establish in any practice. Florio. EN-FoRCE', V. t. [Fr. enforcir.] 1. To give strength to ; to strengthen ; to invigorate. 2. To make or gain by force ; to force. 3. To put in act by violence ; to drive. 4. To instigate ; to urge on ; to animate. 5. To urge with ener- gy ; to give force to ; to impress on the mind. 6. To compel ; to constrain ; to force. 7. To put in execution ; to cause to take effect. 8. To press with a charge. 9. To prove ; to evince. t EN-FoRCE', V. i. To attempt by force. t EN-FoRCE', n. Force ; strength ; power. Milton. EN-FoRCE'A-BLE, n. That may be enforced. EN-FoR'CED, (en-forsf) pp. Strengthened; gained by force ; driven ; compelled ; urged ; carried into effect. EN-FoR'CED-LY, adv. By violence ; not by choice. SliaJs:. EN-FoRCE'MENT, n. I. The act of enforcing ; compul- sion ; force applied. 2. That which gives force, energy or effect; sanction. 3. Motive of conviction ; urgent evi- dence. 4. Pressing exigence ; that which urges or con- strains. — 5. In a general sense, any thing which compels or constrains. 6. A putting in execution. EN-FoR'CER, n. One who compels, constrains or urges ; one who effects by violence ; one who carries into effect. EN-FoR'CING, ppr. Giving force or strength ; compelling; urging ; constraining ; putting in execution. EN-FORM', V. t. To form ; to fashion. See Form. EN-FOUL'DERED, a. [Fr.foudroyer.] Mixed with light- ning. Spenser. EN-FRAN'CmSE, v. t. 1. To set free ; to liberate from slavery. 2. To make free of a city, corporation or state j to adinit to the privileges of a freeman. 3. To free or re- lease from custody. 4. To naturalize ; to denizen ; to receive as denizens. EN-FRAN'CmsED, pp. 1. Set free ; released from bond- age. 2- Admitted to the rights and privileges of freemen. EN-FRAN'CHlSE-MENT, n. 1. Release from slavery or cus- tody. 2. The admission of persons to the freedom of a corporation or state ; investiture with the privileges of free citizens. EN-PRAN'CHiS-ER, n. One who enfranchises. EN-FRAN'CHiS-ING, ppr. Setting free from slavery or cus- tody ; admitting to the privileges office citizens. f EN-FRo'WARD, v. t. To make froward or perverse. t EN-FRo'ZEN, a. Frozen ; congetded. Spenser. EN-GaGE , V. t. [Fr. engager.} 1. To make liable for a debt to a creditor; to bind one's self as surety. 2. To pawn ; to stake as a pledge. 3. To enlist ; to bring into a party. 4. To embark in an affair. 5. To gain ; to win and attach ; to draw to. 6. To unite and bind by con- tract or promise. 7. To attract and fix. 8. To occupy ; to employ assiduously. 9. To attack in contest ; to en- counter. EN-GaGE', v. i. 1. To encounter ; to begin to fight ; to at- tack in conflict. 2. To embark in any business ; to take a concern in ; to undertake. 3. To promise or pledge one's word ; to bind one's self. EN-GaG'ED, (en-gajd') pp. or a. Pledged ; promised ; en- listed ; gained and attached ; attracted and fixed ; em- barked ; earnestly employed ; zealous. EN-GaG'ED-LY, adv. With earnestness ; with attachment. EN-Ga6'ED-NESS, n. The state of being seriously and earnestly occupied ; zeal ; animation. FliaVs Massillon. EN-GaGE'MENT, n. I. The act of pawning, pledging or making liable for debt. 2. Obligation by agreement or contract. 3. Adherence to a party or cause ; partiahty. 4. Occupation ; employment of the attention. 5. Em- ployment in fighting ; the conflict of aa-mies or fleets ; battle ; a general action. 6. Obligation ; motive ; that which engages. EN-Ga6'ER, 71. One that enters into an engagement or agreement. EN-GaG'ING, ppr. 1. Pawning; making liable for debt; enlisting ; bringing into a party or cause ; promising ; binding. 2. a. Winning ; attractive ; tending to draw the attention or the affections ; pleasing. EN-GaG'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to win the affections, t EN-GAL'LANT, v. t. To make a gallant of. B. Jonson. t EN-6aOL', (en-jale') v. t. To imprison. Shak. t EN-GaR'BOTL, v. t. To disorder. EN-GAR'LAND, v. t. To encircle with a garland. EN-GAR RI-SON, v.t. To furnish with a garrison ; to de- fend or protect by a garrison. Bp. Hall. t EN-GAS'TRI-MUTH, n. [Gr. £v, yaarrip and pvBog.] A ventriloquist. EN-GEN DER, v. t. [Fr. engendrcr.'] I. To beget between the different sexes ; to form in embryo. 2. To produce ; to cause to exist ; to cause to bring forth. EN-6EN'DER, v. i. To be caused or produced. EN-6EN'DERED, pp. Begotten ; caused ; produced. EN-6EN'DER-ER, n. He or that which engenders. EN-GEN'DER-ING, ppr. Begetting ; causing to be ; pro- ducing, EN-GILD', v. t. To gild ; to brighten. Shak. EN'GiNE, n. [Fr. engin.] 1. In mechanics, a compound machine, or artificial instrument, composed of different parts, and intended to produce some effect by the help of the meclianical powers ; as a pump, a windlas, a capstan, a fire engine, a steam engine. 2. A military machine ; as a battering ram, &:c. 3. Any instrument; that by which any effect is produced. 4. A machine for throwing water to extinguish fire. 5. Means ; any thing used to effect a purpose. 6. An agent for another ; usually in an ill sense. EN-GI-NEER', n. [Fr. ingenieur.] 1. In the military art, a person skilled in mathematics and mechanics, who forma plans of works for offense or defense, and marks out the ground for fortifications. — Cinil engineers are also em- ployed in delineating plans and superintending the con- struction of other public works, as aqueducts and canals. 2. One who manages engines or artillery. EN'GiNE-RY, (en'jin-ry) n. 1. The act of managing en- gines or artillery. 2. Engines in general ; artillery ; in- struments of war. 3. Machination. EN-GiRD', v. t. To surround ; to encircle ; to encompass EN-GiRD'ED, or EN-GtRT',|?p. Surrounded ; encompassed. EN-GtRD'ING, ppr. Encircling ; surrounding, EN-GLAD', v. t. To make glad ; to cause to rejoice. t EN-GLaIM'ED, (en-glamd') a. Furred ; clammy. ENG'LAND. See English. EN'GLE, n. A gull ; a put ; a bubble. EN'GLISH, (ing'glish) a. [Sax. Englisc, from Engles, .Angles, a tribe of Germans who settled in Britain, and * See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, tj, Y, long.—Fl^H. FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARWE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. ENH 299 ENL gave it the name of England.] Belonging to England, or to its inliabitants. EN'GLISH, (ing'glisli) n. 1. The people of England. 2. The language of England or of the English nation. EN'GLISH, V. t. To translate into the English language. EN'GLISHED, pp. Rendered into English. EN'GLISH-RY, n. The state of being an Englishman. EN-GLUT', v.t. [Fr. engloutir.] 1. To swallow. Shak. 2, To fill J to glut. Spenser. EN-GoRE', V. t. To pierce ; to gore. [See Gore.] Spenser. EN-GORGE', (en-gorj') v. t. [Fr. engorger.] To swallow ; to devour ; to gorge ; properly, to swallow with greedi- ness, or in large quantities. EN-GORGE', (en-gorj') v.i. To devour; to feed with eager- ness or voracity. Milton. EN-GORG'ED, (en-gorjd') pp. Swallowed with greediness, or in large draughts. EN-GORGE'MENT, (en-gorj 'ment) n. The act of swallow- ing greedily ; a devouring with voracity. EN-GORG'ING, ppr. Swallowing with voracity. EN-GRAFT', v. t. To ingraft, which see. EN-GRaIL', v. t. [Fr. engr&ler.'] In heraldry, to variegate ; to spot, as with hail ; to indent or make ragged at the edges ; to indent in curve lines. EN GRaIL'ED, {en-%ra.\W) pp. Variegated ; spotted. EN-GRaIN', v. t. To dye in grain, or in the raw material ; to dye deep. EN-GRaIN'ED, (en-graind') pp. Dyed in the grain. EN-GRaIN'ING, ppr. Dyeing in the grain. EN-GRAP'PLE, v. t. To grapple ; to seize and hold ; to close in and hold fast. EN-GRASP', V. t. To seize with a clasping hold ; to hold fast by inclosing or embracing ; to gripe. EN-GRaVE', v.t.; 'piet. enaraved ; pp. engraved or en- graven [Fr. graver.] 1. To cut, as metals, stones or other hard substances, with a chisel or graver; to cut figures, letters or devices, on stone or metal ; to mark by incisions. 2. To picture or represent by incisions. 3. To imprint ; to impress deeply ; to infix. 4. To bury ; to deposit in the grave ; to inter ; to inhume ; [obs.] EN-GRaV'ED, or EN-GRAVEN, pp. Cut or marked, as with a chisel or graver ; imprinted ; deeply impressed. EN-GRaVE'MENT, n. Engraved work ; act of engraving. EN-GRaV'ER, n. One who engraves ; a cutter of letters, figures or devices, on stone, metal or wood ; a sculptor ; a carver. EN-GRaV'ER-Y, n. The work of an engraver. [Little used.] EN-GRaV'ING, ppr. Cutting or marking stones or metals, with a chisel or graver ; imprinting, EN-GRaV'ING, n. The act or art of cutting stones, metals and other hard substances, and representing thereon figures, letters, characters and devices ; a branch of sculpture ; a print. EN-GRIeVE', v. t. To grieve ; to pain. See Grieve. EN-GRoSS', '/;. t. [Fr. engrossir.] 1. Primarily, to make thick or gross ; to thicken ; [not used.] 2. To make larger ; to increase in bulk ; [not used.] 3. To seize in the gross ; to take the whole. 4. To purchase, with a view to sell again, either the whole or large quantities of commodities in market, for the purpose of making a profit by enhancing the price. 5. To copy in a large hand ; to write a fair, correct copy, in large or distinct, legible characters. 6. To take or assume in undue quantities or degrees. EN-GRoSS'ED, (en-grosf) pp. Made thick ; taken in the whole ; purchased in large quantities for sale ; written in large, _fair characters. ENGRoSS'ER, n. He or that which takes the whole ; a person who purchases the whole or such quantities of ar- ticles in a market as to raise the price. 2. One who copies a writing in large, fair characters. EN-GRoSS'ING, ppr. 1. Taking the whole ; buying com- modities in such quantities as to raise the price in market. 9. Writing correct copies in large, fair characters. EN-GRoSS'MENT, n. 1. The act of engrossing ; the act of taking the whole. 2. The appropriation of things in tlie gross, or in exorbitant quantities ; exorbitant acquisition. EN-GUARD', V. t. To guard ; to defend. Shak. EN-GULF', V. t. To throw or to absorb in a gulf. EN-GULF'ED, (en-gulff) pp. Absorbed in a whirlpool, or in a deep abyss or gulf. EN-GULF'MENT, n. An absorption in a gulf, or deep cav- ern, or vortex. EN-HANCE', (en-hans') v. t. [Norm, enhauncer.] 1. To raise; to lift; [obs.] 2. To raise; to advance ; to height- en. 3. To increase ; to aggravate. ENHANCE', v.-i. To be raised ; to swell ; to grow larger. EN-HAN'CED, (en-hansf) pp. Raised ; advanced ; height- ened ; increased. EN-HANCE'MENT, n. 1. Rise 2. Increase ; aggravation. EN-HAN'CER, n. One who enhances; he or that which raises price, &;c. increase ; augmentation. EN-HAN'CING, ppr. Raising ; increasing ; augmenting ; aggravating. ' EN-HAR'BOR, v. i. To dwell in or inhabit. Browne. EN-HARD'EN, v. t. To harden ; to encourage. Howell. EN-HAR-MON'I€, a. In music, an epithet applied to such a species of composition, as proceeds on vexy small intervals. E-NIG'MA, 71. [L. cenigma.] A dark saying, in which some known thing is concealed under obscure language; an obscure question ; a riddle. Johnson. Encyc. EN-IG-PdAT'ie, I a. 1. Relating to or containing a rid ^ EN-IG-MAT'I-€AL, \ die ; obscure ; darkly expressed ; ambiguous. 2. Obscurely conceivett or apprehended. EN-IG-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an obscure manner. E-NIG'MA-TIST, n. A maker or dealer in enigmas and riddles. Addison. E-NIG'MA-TiZE, v.i. To utter or form enigmas ; to deal in riddles. E-NIG-MA-TOG'RA-PHY, ) n. [Gr. aiviyixa and y^afw, E-NIG-MA-TOL'O-GY, \ or Xoyoi.] The art of making and solving riddles. EN-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. enjoindre.] 1. To order or direct with urgency ; to admonish or instruct with authority ; to com- mand. Says Johnson, " This word is more authoritative than direct, and less imperious than command." — 2. In laio, to forbid judicially ; to issue or direct a legal injunc- tion to stop proceedings. EN-JOIN'ED, (en-joind') pp. Ordered ; directed ; admon- ished with authority ; commanded. EN-JOIN'ER, n. One who enjoins. EN-JOIN'ING, ppr. Ordering ; directing. Brown. EN-JOIN'MENT, n. Direction ; command ; authoritative admonition. EN-JOY', V. t. [Fr. jouir.] 1. To feel or perceive with pleasure ; to take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession or experience of. 2. To possess with satisfaction ; to take pleasure or delight in the possession of. 3. To have, pos- sess and use with satisfaction ; to have, hold or occupy, as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable. EN-JOY', r. t. To live in happiness. [Unusual.] Milton. EN-JOY'A-BLE, a. Capable of being enjoyed. Pope. EN-JOY'ED, (en-joyd') pp. Perceived with pleasure or sat- isfaction ; possessed or used with pleasure; occupied with content. EN-JOY'ER, n. One who enjoys, EN-JOY'ING, p;7r. Feeling with pleasure ; possessing with satisfaction. EN-JOY'MENT, n. 1. Pleasure ; satisfaction ; agreeable sensations ; fruition, 2. Possession with satisfaction ; occupancy of any thing good or desirable. EN-KIN'DLE, v. t. 1, To kindle ; to set on fire ; to inflame. 2. To excite , to rouse into action ; to inflame, EN-KIN'DLED, pp. Set on fire ; inflamed ; roused into ac- tion ; excited, EN-KIN'DLING, ppr. Setting on fire ; inflaming ; rousing ; exciting, EN-LARD', V. t. To cover with lard or grease ; to baste. EN-LAR6E', (en-larj') v. t. 1. To make greater in quantity or dimensions ; to extend in limits, breadth or size ; to expand in bulk. 2. To dilate ; to expand ; as with joy or love, 3. To expand ; to make more comprehensive. 4. To increase in appearance ; to magnify to the eye. 5. To set at liberty ; to release from confinement or pressure. 6. To extend in a discourse ; to diffuse in eloquence, 7. To augment ; to increase ; to make large or larger. EN-LaR6E', (en-larj') v. i. 1. To grow large or larger ; to extend ; to dilate ; to expand. 2, To be diffuse in speak- ing or writing ; to expatiate. 3, To exaggerate. EN-LARG'ED, (en-larjd') 7>p, Increased in bulk; extended in dimensions ; expanded ; dilated ; augmented ; released from confinement or straits, EN-LARG'ED-LY, adv. With enlargement. Mountagu. EN-LARGE'MENT, n. 1. Increase of sizt or bulk, real or apparent ; extension of dimensions or limits ; augmenta- tion ; dilatation; expansion. 2, Expansion or extension, applied to the mind, to knoioledge, or to the intellectual powers, by tohich the mind comprehends a wider range of ideas or thought. 3. Expansion of the heart, by which it becomes more benevolent and charitable. 4. Release from confinement, servitude, distress or straits. Esther, iv. 5 Difiusiveness of speech or writing ; an expatiating on a particular subject ; a wide range of discourse or argument, EN-LAR6'ER, n. He or that which enlarges, increases, extends or expands ; an amplifier. EN-LARG'ING, ppr. Increasing in bulk ; extending in di- mensions ; expanding ; making free or liberal ; speaking diffusively, EN-LARG'ING, n. Enlargement, EN-LiGHT', (en-lite') v.t. To illumiuate; to enlighten. [Rarely used.] Pope. EN-LTGHT'EN, (en-ll'tn) V. i. [S3.X. enlihtan.] 1, To make light ; to shed light on ; to supply with light ; to illumin- ate. 2. To quicken in the faculty of vision ; to enable to see more clearly. 3. To give light to ; to give clearer views ; to illuminate ; to instruct ; to enable to see <>r See Synopsis. MOV E, BOOK , D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in f Ais. t Obsolete. ENO 300 ENS comprehend troth. 4. To illuminate with divine knowl- edge, or a knowledge of the truth. EN-LIGHT'ENED, jjp. Rendered light ; illuminated ; in- structed ; informed ; furnished with clear views. EN-LIGHT'EN-ER, n. One who illuminates ; he or that which communicates light to the eye, or clear views to the mind. EN-LIGHT'EN-ING, ppr. Illuminating ; giving light to ; instructing. EN-LINK', V. t. To chain to ; to connect. Shak. EN-LIST', V. t. 1. To enroll ; to register ; to enter a name on a list. 2. To engage in public service, by entering the name in a register. EN-LIST', V. i. To engage in pubHc service, by subscribing articles, or enrolling one's name. EN-LIST'MENT, n. The act of enlistmg ; the writing by which a soldier is bound. t EN-LIVE', V. t. [from life, live.] To animate ; to make alive. Bp. Hall. EN-Li'VEN, (en-li'vn) v. t. 1. To give action or motion to ; to make vigorous or active ; to excite. 2. To give spirit or vivacity to ; to animate ; to make sprightly. 3. To make cheerful, gay or joyous. EN-Ll'VENED, pp. Made more active ; excited ; animated ; made cheerful or gay. EN-Li'VEN-ER, n. He or that which enlivens or animates ; he or that which invigorates. EX-Li'VEN-ING, ppr. Giving life, spirit or animation ; in- spiriting ; invigorating ; making vivacious, sprightly or cheerful . EN-LuMlNE, V. t. To illumine ; to enlighten. EN-M:4R'BLE, v. t. To make hard as marble ; to harden. EN-MEc^H', V. t. To net ; to entangle ; to entrap. Shak. EN-MEW'. SeeEMMEw. EN'MI-TY, n. [Fr. inimitle.] 1. The quality of being an enemy ; the oppoPite of friendship ,■ ill will ; hatred ; un- friendly dispositions ; malevolence. It expresses more than aversion, and less than malice, and differs from dis- pleasure in denoting a fixed or rooted hatred, whereas displeasure is more transient. 2. A state of opposition. t EN-MOVE'. See Emmo ve. EN-NE-A-€ON-TA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. twevr^Kovra and eopa.] Having ninety faces. Cleaveland, £N'NE-A-GON, n. [Gr. evvea and yuivia.] In geometry, a polygon or figure with nine sides or nine angles. EN-NE-AN'DER, n. [Gr. evvea and avnp.] In botany, a plant ha-sing nine stamens. EN-NE-AN'DRI-AN, a. Ha\ing nine stamens. EN-NE-A-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. evvta and i:£Ta\ov.] Hav- ing nine petals or flower-leaves. EN-NE-ATI-€xAL, a. [Gr. evvea.] Enneatical days are every ninth day of a disease. — Enneatical years are every ninth j'ear of a man's life. t EN-NEW', V. t. To make new. Skelton. EN-NO'BLE, v.t. [Fr. eitnoblir.] 1. To make noble ; to raise to nobility. 2. To dignify ; to exalt ; to aggrandize ; to elevate in degree, qualities or excellence. 3. To make famous or illustrious. Bacon. EN-No'BLED, pp. Raised to the rank of nobility j dignifi- ed ; exalted in rank, excellence or value. EN-No'BLE-MENT, n. ]. The act of advancing to nobil- ity. _2. Exaltation ; elevation in degree or excellence. EN-No'BLING, ppr. Advancing to the rank of a nobleman ; exalting : dignifying. ENNUI, (an-wee') n. [Fr.] Weariness ; heaviness ; lassi- tude of fastidiousness. EN-O-Da'TION, ?i. [L.enodatio.] 1. The act of clearing of knots, or of untying. 2. Solution of a difficulty ; [I. u.] E-iSoDE', a. [lu. enodis.] In feo'a?!?/, destitute of Inots or joints ; knotless. E-NOM O-TAR -;H, n. The commander of an enomoty. E-NOM'0-TY, n. [Gr. evoopoTia.] In Lacedcemon, anciently, a bodv of soldiers, supposed to be thirty-two. Mitford. tE-XORM See Enormous. E-NOR'MI-TY, ?i. [L. enormitas.'j 1, Any v/rong, irregu- lar, vicious or sinful act, either in government or morals, 2. Atrocious crime ; flagitious villany. 3. Atrociousness ; excessive degree of crime or guilt. E-NOR'MOUS, a. [L. enormis.] 1. Going beyond the usual measure or rule. 2. Excursive ; beyond the limits of a regular figure. 3. Great beyond the common measure ; excessive. 4. Exceeding, in bulk or height, the common measure. 5. Irregular ; confused ; disordered ; unusual. E-NOR'MOUS-LY, ado. Excessively ; beyond measure. E-XOR'MOUS-NESS, v. The state of being enormous or excessive ; greatness beyond measure. E-NOUGH', (e-nuf) a. [Sax. geno^, genoh.] That satisfies desire, or gives content ; that may answer the purpose ; that is adequate to the wants. E-NOUGH', (e-nuf) v. 1. A sufliciency ; a quantity of a thing which satisfies desire, or is adequate to the wants. 2. That which is equal to the powers or abilities. EJ-NOUGH', (e-nuf) adv. 1. Sufiiciently ; in a quantity or degree that satisfies, or is equal to the desires or wants. 2. FuUy ; quite ; denoting a slight augmentation of the positive degree. 3. Sometimes it denotes diminution, delicately expressing rather less than is desired ; such q quantity or degree as commands acquiescence, rather than full satisfaction. 4. An exclamation denoting suffi- ciency. E-NOUNCE', (e-nouns') v. t. [Fr. enamer.] To utter ; to pronounce ; to declare. [Little used.'] E-NOUN'CED, (e-nounsf) p;?. Uttered; pronounced. ENOUN'CIN^G, ;?pr. Uttering; pronouncing. E-NOW', the old plural of enough, is nearly obsolete. EN PAS-SANT'. (an-pas-sa') [Fr.] In passing ; by the way. EN-PIERCE'. See Empieece. t EN-QUI€K'EN, v. t. To quicken ; to make alive EN-QUIRE', usually written inquire, which see, and its de- rivatives. t EN-RaCE', v. t. To impiant. Spenser. EN-RaGE', v. t. [Fr. enrager.] To excite rage in ; to ex- asperate ; to provoke to ftify or madness ; to make furious. EN-Ra'G-ED, (en-rajd') pp. Made furious ; exasperated ; provoked to madness. EN-Ra'6ING, ppr. Exasperating ; provoking to madness, t EN-RaN^GE', v. t. To put in order ; to rove over. Spenser. iSX^-RANK', V. t. To place in ranks or order. Shak. EN-RAPT'URE, v. t. To transport with pleasure ; to de- light beyond measure. — Enrapt, in a like sense, is little used. EN-RAPT'URED,p;>. Transported with pleasure. EN-RAPT'UR-ING, ppr. Transportmg with pleasure. EN'-RAV'ISH, V. t. To throw mto ecstasy ; to transport with delieht ; to enrapture. Spenser. EN-RAVISHED, Pi?. Transported with delight. EN-RAV'iSH-ING, ppr. Throwing into ecstasy. EN-RAV'ISH-MENT, ?i. Ecstasy of dehght ; rapture. EN-REG'IS-TER, v. t. [Fr. enregistrer.] To register; to enroll or record. Spenser. EN-RHEuM', v. i. [Fr. enrhumer.] To have rheum through cold. EN-RICH', V. t. [Fr. cnrichir.] 1. To make rich, wealthy or opulent ; to supply with abimdant property. 2. To fertilize ; to supply with the nutrii^ent of plants, and ren- der productive. 3. To store ; to supply with an abun- dance of any thing desirable. 4. To supply with any thing splendid or ornamental. EN-RICH'ED, {en-ucW)pp. Made rich or wealthy ; fertil- ized ; supphed with that which is desirable, useful or or- namental. EN-RICH'ER, 71. One that enriches. EN-RICH'ING, ppr. Making opulent ; fertiUzing ; supply- ing with what is splendid, useful or ornamental. EN-RICH'MENT, n. Augmentation of v/ealth ; amplifi cation ; improvement ; the addition of fertility or orna- ment. EN-RIDGE', (en-rij') v. t. To form into ridges. Shak. EN-RING', V. t. To enchcle ; to bind. Shak. EN-Ri'PEN, (en-rl'pn) v. t. To ripen ; to bring to perfec- tion^ EN-RiVE', V. t. To rive ; to cleave. Spenser. EN-RcBE', V. t. To clothe with rich attire ; to invest. EX'-RoB'ED, (en-r6bd')pp. Attired; invested. EN-RoB'IX"G, ppr. Investing ; attiring. EN^-RoLL', V. t. [Fr. enrdler.] 1. To write in a roll or register ; to insert a name or enter in a list or catalogue. 2. To record ; to insert in records ; to leave in writing. 3. To wrap ; to mvolve ; [not used.] EN-RoLL'ED, (en-rold') pp. Inserted in a roll or register j recorded. EN-RoLL'ER, n. He that enrolls or registers. EN^-RoLL'ING, ppr. Inserting in a register ; recording. EN-RoLL'MEN^T, n. I. A register ; a record ; a writing in which any thing is recorded. 2. The act of enrolling. EN-ROOT', V. t. To fix bv the root ; to fix fast. EN-ROOT'ED, pp. Fixed by the root; planted or fixed deep*. ' EN-ROOT'ING, ppr. Fixing by the root ; planting deep. t EN-ROUND', V. t. To environ ; to surround ; to inclose. ENS, 72. [L. ens.] Entity ; being ; existence.— Among the old chemists, the power, virtue or eflicacy, which cert'dn substances exert on our bodies. [Little used.l t EN-SaFE', v. t. To render safe. JV. Bell. ' EN-SAM'PLE, n. [L. exemplum.] An example ; a pattern or model for imitation. [Rarely used.] EN-SAM'PLE, V. t. To exemplify; to show by example [Seldom used.] EN-SAN'GUiNE, v. t. [L. sanguis.] To stain or cover with blood ; to smear with gore. EN-SAN'GUiNED,i?p. Sufliised or stamed with blood. EN'SATE, a. -' " EN-S€HED'l ULE. Shah. EN-SCONCE', (en-skons') v. t. To cover or shelter, as with a sconce or fort ; to protect ; to secure. a. [L. ensis^ Having sword-shaped leaves. 'ULE, V. t. To insert in a schedule. See Sched- * See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— TAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete ENT 301 ENT EN-S€0]N CED, (en-skonsf) pp. Covered or sheltered, as by a scoiMie or fort ; protected ; secured. EN-SeON'CING, ppr. Covering or sheltering, as by a f jrt. EN-SeAL', v. t. To seal 5 to fix a seal on ; to impress. EN-SeAL'ED, (en-seeld') pp. Impressed with a seal. EN-Se AL'ING, ppr. Sealing ; affixing a seal to. EN-SeAL'ING, n. The act of affixing a seal to. EN-SeAM', v. t. To sew up ; to inclose by a seam. EN-SeAM'ED, a. Greasy. Shak. EN-SeAR', v. t. To sear ; to cauterize ; to close or stop by burning to hardness. Shak. t EN-SEARCH', (en-serch') v. i. To search for ; to try to find. EN-SEM^BLE, n. [Fr.] One with another 5 on an average. EN-SHIeLD', v. t. To shield ; to cover ; to protect. EN-SHRiNE', V. t. To inclose in a shrine or chest j to de- posit for safe-keeping in a cabinet. EN-SHRlN'ED, (eu-shrind') pp. 1. Inclosed or preserved in a shrine or chest. 2. Inclosed ; placed as in a shrine, EN-SHRlN'ING, ppr. Inclosing in a shrine or cabinet. EN-SIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ensis and /ero.] Bearing or carry- ing a sword. EN'SI-FORM, a. [L. ensiformis.'\ Having the shape of a sword. EN'STGN, (en'slne) n. [Fr. enseigne.] 1. The flag or ban- ner of a military band ; a banner of colors ; a standard. 2. Anv signal to assemble or to give notice. 3. A badge ; a mark of distinction, rank or office. 4. The officer who carries the flag or colors, being the lowest commissioned officer in a company of infantry. — 5. JVaval ensign is a large banner hoisted on a staff, a«ad carried over the poop or stern of a ship. EN'SiGN-BEaR-ER, n. He that carries the flag ; an en- sign. EN'SiGN-CY, n* The rank, offiice or commission of an en- sign. t EN-SKi'ED, (en-skide') a. Placed in heaven 5 made im- mortaj. EN-SLaVE', v. t. 1. To reduce to slavery or bondage ; to deprive of liberty, and subject to the will of a master. 2. To reduce to servitude or subjection. EN-SLaV'ED, (en-slavd') pp. Reduced to slavery or sub- jection. EN-SLaVE'MENT, 71. The state of being enslaved ; slave- ry ; bondage ; servitude. South. EN-SLaV'ER, 71. He who reduces another to bondage. EN-SLaV'ING, lypr. Reducing to bondage. EN-SNaRE'. Sec Insnare. EN-SNARL', V. t. To entangle. Spenser. EN-SNARL', V. u To snarl, to gnash the teeth. Cockcram. EN-So'BER, V. t. To make sober. Taylor. EN-SPHeRE', v. t. 1. To place in a sphere. 2. To make into a sphere. EN-STAMP', V. t. To impress as with a stamp ; to impress deeply. EN-STAMP'ED, (en-stampf) pp. Impressed deeply. EN-STAMP'ING,ypr. Impressing deeply. EN-STYLE', V. t. To style ; to name 5 to call. [Littleused.] EN-SuE', V. t. [Fr. eiisuivre.j To follow 5 to pursue. [JVear- ly obs.] EN-SuE', V. i. 1. To follow as a consequence of premises. 2. To follow in a train of events or course of time ; to succeed ; to come after. EN-Su'ING, ppr. Following as a consequence ; succeeding. EN-SuRE', and its derivatives. See Insuke. EN-SWEEP', V. t. To sweep over ; to pass over rapidly. EN-TAB'LA-TURE, I n. [Sp. cntablamento ; Fr. cntable- EN-Ta'BLE-MENT, \ ment.] In architecture, that part of the order of a column, which is over the capital, includ- ing the architrave, frieze and cornice. t EN-TA€'KLE, v. t. To supply with tackle. Skelton. EN-TaIL', 71. [Fr. entailler.] 1. An estate or fee entail- ed, or limited in descent to a particular heir or heirs. 2. Rule of descent settled for an estate. 3. Engraver's work ; inlay ; [obs.] EN-TaIL', v. i. 1. To settle the descent of lands and tene- ments, by gift to a man and to certain heirs specified, so that neither the donee nor any subsequent possessor can alienate or bequeath it. 2. To fix unalienably on a per- son or thing, or on a person and his descendants. 3. To cut ; to carve for ornament ; [obs.] EN-TaIL'ED, (en-tald') pp. 1. Settled on a man and cer- tain heirs specified. 2. Settled on a person and his de- scendants. EN-TaIL'ING, ppr. Settling the descent of an estate ; giv- ing, as /ands and tenements, and prescribing the mode of descent. EN-T aIL'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving, as an estate, and directing the mode of descent. 2. The act of settling un- alienably on a man and his heirs. EN-TaME', v. t. To tame ; to subdue. Gower. EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. 1. To twist or interweave in such a manner as not to be easily separated ; to make confused or disordered. 2. To involve in any thing complicated, and from which it is difficult to extricate one's self. 3. To lose in numerous or complicated involutions. 4. To involve in difficulties j to perplex ; to embarrass. 5. To puzzle; to bewilder. 6, To insnare by captious ques- tions ; to catch ; to perplex. 7. To perplex or distract, as with cares. 8. To multiply intricacies and difficulties. £N-TAN'GLED, pp. or a. Twisted together ; interwoven in a confused manner ; intricate ; perplexed ; involved ; embarrassed ; insnared. EN-TAN'GLE-MENT, 72. Involution; a confused or disor dered state ; intricacy ; perplexity. Locke. EN-TAN'GLER, 71. One who entangles. EN-TAN'GLING, ppr. Involving ; interweaving or inter- lockmg in confusion ; perplexing ; insnaring. EI\-TEN'DER, v. t. To treat with tenderness. EN'TER, V. t. [Fr. entrer.] I. To move or pass into a place, in any manner whatever, to come or go in; to walk or ride in ; to flow in ; to pierce or penetrate. 2. To advance into, in the progress of life. 3. To begin iu a business, employment or service; to enlist or engage in. 4. To become a member of. 5. To admit or intro- duce. 6. To set down in writing ; to set an account in a book or register. 7. To set down, as a name ; to enroll. 8. To lodge a manifest of goods at the custom-house, and gain admittance or permission to land. EN'TER, V. L 1. To go or come in ; to pass into. 2. To flow in. 3. To pierce ; to penetrate. 4. To penetrate mentally. 5. To engage in. 6. To be initiated in. 7 To be an ingredient ; to form a constituent part. t EN'TER-DEAL, n. Mutual dealings. Spensm: EN'TERED, j)p. Moved in ; come in ; pierced ; penetrat- ed ; admitted ; introduced ; set down in writing. EN'TER-ER, n. One who is making a beginning. Seward EN'TER-iNG, ppr. Coming or going in ; flowing in ; pierc- ing ; penetrating ; setting down in wrftii^g ; enlisting ; en- gaging. EN'TER-ING, n. Entrance ; a passing in. EN'TER-LACE. See Interlace. EN-TER'0-CeLE, n. [Gr. evrepov and kjjXj?. J In. surgery, intestinal hernia; a rupture of the uitestines. EN-TER-0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. evrepov and Xoyos.] A trea- tise or discourse on the bowels' or internal parts of the body, usually including the contents of the head, breast and belly. EN-TER-OM'PHA-LOS, n. [Gr. tvregov and 0/^90X05.] Na- vel rupture ; umbilical rupture. EN-TER-PaR 'LANCE, v. [Fr. entre and parlcr.] Parley , mutual talk or conversation ; conference. EN'TER-PLeAD. Sec Interplead. EN'TER-PRiSE, n. [Fr.] That which is undertaken, or attempted to be performed ; an attempt ; a project at- tempted ; particularly, a bold, arduous or hazardous un- dertaking, either physical or moral. EN TER-PRiSE, v. t. To undertake ; to begin and attempt to perform._ Dryden. EN'TER-PRlSED, pp. Undertaken; attempted. EN'TER-PRiS-ER, 7!. An adventurer; one who under- takes any projected scheme, especially a bold or hazard- ous one. EN'TER-PRlS-ING, ppr. 1. Undertaking, especially a bold design. 2. a. Bold or forward to undertake ; resolute, ac- tive or prompt to attempt great or untried schemes. EN-TER-TaIN', v. t. [Fr. cntretenir.] I. To receive into the house, and treat with hospitality, either at the table only, or with lodging also. 2. To treat with conversa- tion ; to amuse or instruct by discourse ; properly, to en- gage the attention and retain the company of one, by agreeable conversation, discourse or argument. 3. To keep in one's service; to maintain. 4. To keep, hold or maintain in the mind with favor ; to reserve in the mind ; to harbor ; to cherish. 5. To maintain ; to support ; as, to entertain a hospital ; [obs.] 6. To please ; to amuse ; to divert. 7. To treat; to supply with provisions and li- quors, or with provisions and lodging, for reward. t EN-TER-TaIN', n. Entertainment. Svenser. EN-TER-TaIN'ED, (en-ter-tand') vp. Received with hos- pitality ; amused ; pleased and engaged ; kept in the mind. EN-TER-TaIN'ER, n. 1. He who entertains ; he who re- ceives company with hospitality, or for reward. 2. He who retains others in his sei-vice. 3. He that amuse* pleases or diverts. EN-TER-TaIN'ING, ppr. 1. Receiving with hospitality , receiving and treating with provisions and accommoda- tions, for reward ; keeping or cherishing with favor ; en- gaging the attention; amusing. 2. a. Pleasing; amus- ing; diverting. EN-TER-TaIN'ING-LY, adv. In an amusing manner, EN-TER-TaIN'MENT, 71. 1. Thereceivmg and accommo- dating of guests, either with or without rewara 2. Pro- visions of the table ; hence also, a feast ; a superb dinner or supper. 3. The amusement, pleasure or instruction, derived from conversation, discourse, argument, oiatory, music, dramatic performances, &C.5 the pleasure wnich See Synopsis. l^ICiVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJiLL, UNITE -€ as K ; as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete ENT 302 ENT the mind receives from any thing interesting, and which Jiolds or arrests the attention. 4. Reception j admission. 5. The state of being in pay or service ; [obs.~\ 6. Pay- ment of those retained in service ; [obs.] 7. That v/hich entertains ; that wliich serves for amusement ; the lower comedy; farce. EN TER-TiS'SUED, a. Interwoven; having various col- ors intermixed. Shak. ElNf-THE-AS'Tie, a. [Gr. ev and deos.] Having the energy of God. E]N-THE-AS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. According to deific en- ergy. tEN'THEAT, a. [Gi.evdeo;.] Enthusiastic. EN-THRALL', v. t. To enslave. See Iisthrall. EN-THRiLL', v. t. To pierce. See Thrill. EN-THRoNE', v. t. 1. To place on a throne ; to exalt to the seat of royalty. 2, To exalt to an elevated place or seat. 3. To invest with sovereign authority. EN-THRoN'ED, (en-thrond') pp. Seated on a throne ; ex- alted to an elevated place. EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Seatirg on a throne ; raising to an EN-THUN'DER, v. i. To make a loud noise, like thunder. EN-THtr'SI-ASM, (en-thu'ze-azm) n. [Gr. evOovaiaaixos.] 1. A belief or conceit of private revelation ; the vain con- fidence or opinion of a person, that he has special divine communications from the Supreme Being, or familiar in- tercourse with hiro 2. Heat of imagination ; violent passion or excitement of the mind, in pursuit of some ob- ject, inspiring extravagant hope and confidence of suc- EN-THU'SI-AST, (en-thu'ze-ast) n. [Gr. eveovmaareg.] 1. One who imagines he has special or supernatural con- verse with God, or special communications from him. 2. ■ One whose imagination is warmed ; one whose mind is highly excited with the love, or in the pursuit of an object ; a person of ardent zeal. 3. One of elevated fancy or exalt- ed ideas. Dryden. tEN-THU-SI-AS'TI€, n. An enthusiast. Sir T. Herbert. EN-THU-SI-AS'Tie, ) a. 1. Filled with enthusiasm, EN-THU-SI-AS'TI-€AL, \ or the conceit of special inter- course with God or revelations from him. 2. Highly ex- cited ; warm and ardent ; zealous m pursuit of an ob- ject ; heated to animation. 3. Elevated ; warm ; tinc- tured with enthusiasm. EN-THU-SI-AS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With enthusiasm. EN-THY-MF.-MAT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to an enthy memo; including an enthymeme, EN'THY-MEMB, n. [Gr. tvOvjiriixa.'] In rhetoric, an argu- ment consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent and a consequent deduced from it. EN-TlCE', V. t. [Sp. atizar ; Fr. attiser.] 1. To incite or instigate, by exciting hope or desire ; to seduce ; to lead astray ; to induce to sin. 2. To tempt ; to incite ; to urge or lead astray. 3. To incite ; to allure ; in a good sense. Enfield. EN-TI'CED, (en-tlsf) pp. Incited ; instigated to evil ; se- duced by promises or persuasions ; persuaded ; allured. EN-TlCE'MENT, n. 1. The actor practice of inciting to evil ; instigation. 2. Means of inciting to evil ; that which seduces by exciting the passions. 3. Allurement. EN-Tl'CER, n. One who entices ; one who incites or in- stigates to evil ; one who seduces. EN-TI'CING, ppr. 1. Inciting to evil ; urging to sin by motives, flattery or persuasion ; alluring. 2. a. Having the qualities that entice or allure. EN-Tl'CING-LY, arfw. Charmingly; in a winning manner. t EN-TlER'TY, n. [Old Fr. entiertie.] The whole. Bacon. EN-TiRE', a. [Fr. entier ; Sp. cntero ; Port, inteiro ; It. in- tero.] 1. Whole ; undivided ; unbroken ; complete in its parts. 2. Whole ; complete ; not participated with others, 3. Full ; complete ; comprising all requisites in itself. 4. Sincere ; hearty. 5. Firm ; solid ; sure ; fixed ; com- plete ; undisputed. 6. Unmingled ; unalloyed, 7. Wholly devoted ; firmly adherent ; faithful. 8. In full strength ; unbroken. — 9. In botany, an entire stem is one without branches. EN-TlRE'LY, adv. 1. Wholly ; completely ; fully. 2. In the whole ; without division. 3. With firm adherence or devotion ; faithfully. EN-TIRE'NESS, n. 1. Completeness ; fulness ; totality ; unbroken form or state. 2. Integrity ; wholeness of heart ; honesty. EN-TIRE'TY, n. 1. Wholeness; completeness. Black- stone. 2. The whole. Bacon. EN'TI-TA-TIVE, a. Considered by itself. [This word, and entitatively, rarely or never used.] EN-Tl'TLE, V. t. [Fr. intituler.] 1. To give a title to ; to give or prefix a name or appellation. 2. To superscribe or prefix as a title. Hence, as titles are evidences of claim or property, to give a claim to ; to give a right to demand or receive. 3. To assign or appropriate by givinga title. 4. To qualify ; to give a clahn by the possession of suita- ble qualifications. 5. To dignify by a title or honorable appellation. 6. To ascribe ; [obs.] EN-Ti'TLED, pp. Dignified or distinguished by a title j having a claim. EN-Ti'TLING, ppr. Dignifying or distinguishing by a ti- tle ; giving a title ; giving a claim. EN'TI-TY, n. [Low L. ejititas.] 1. Being ; existence. 2 A real being, or species of being. EN-TOIL', V. t. To take with toils ; to insnare. EN-T5MB', (en-toom') v. t. 1. To deposit in a tomb, as a dead body. 2. To bury in a grave ; to inter. EN-TOMB'ED, (en-toomd') pp. Deposited in a tomb ; bur- ied. EN-TOMB'ING, ppr. Depositing in a tomb ; burying. EN-TOMB'MENT, n. Burial. Barrow. EN'TO-MO-LITE, n. [Gr. evropa and 'kiOog.] A fossil substance bearing the figure of an insect, or a petrified in- sect. EN-TO-MO-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the science of in- EN-t6-M0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in the science of in- sects. EN-T0-M0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. evroixa and Xoyog.] That part of zoology which treats of insects ; the science or history and description of insects. EN-TOR-TI-La'TION, n. [Fr. entortillement.] A turning into a circle. Donne. ' EN'TRAIL, or EN'TRAILS, n. [Fr. entrailles.] 1. The internal parts of animal bodies ; particularly, the guts or intestines ; the bowels ; Used chiefly in the plural. 2. The internal parts. f EN-TRAIL', V. t. [It. ijitraldare.] To interweave ; to di- versify. EN-TRAM'MEL, v. t. To catch ; to entangle ; to trammel. Hacket. t EN-TRAM'MELED, a. Curled; frizzled. EN'TRANCE, n. [L. intrans.] 1. The act of entering into a place. 2. The power of entering. 3. The door, gate, passage or avenue, by which a place may be enter- ed. 4. Commencement; initiation; beginning. 5. The act of taking possession, as of land. 6. The act of taking possession, as of an office. 7. The act of entering a ship or goods at the custom-house. 8. The beginning of any thing, EN-TRANCE', v. t. or i. [from transe, Fr.] 1. To put in a trance ; to withdraw the soul, and leave the body in a kind of dead sleep or insensibility. 2. To put in an ec- stasy ; to ravish the soul with delight or wonder. EN-TRANCED, (en-trdnst') pp. Put in a trance ; having the soul withdrawn, and the body left in a state of insen- sibility ; enraptured; ravished. EN-TRANCING, ppr. Carrying away the soul; enraptur- ing ; ravishing. EN-TRAP', V. t. [Fr. attraper.] To catch, as in a trap ; to insnare ; to catch by artifices ; to involve in ditficulties or dist»-esses ; to entangle ; to catch or involve in contra- dictions. EN-TRAP'PED, (en-trapf) pp. Insnared ; entangled. EN-TRAP'PING, ppr. Insnaring ; involving in difficulties. EN-TRkAT', v. t. [Fr. en and traiter.] 1. To ask earnest- ly ; to beseech ; to petition or pray with urgency ; to sup- plicate ; to solicit pressingly ; to importune. 2. To prevail on by prayer or solicitation ; to yield to entreaty. 3. To treat, in any manner; propcrZi/, to use or manage. Etv- treat is always applied to perso7is, as treat is to persons or things. 4, To entertain; to amuse; [obs.] 5. To en- tertain^; to receive ; [obs.] EN-TReAT', v. i. 1. To make an earnest petition or re- quest. 2. To olfer a treaty ; [not used.] 3. To treat ; to discoiirse ; [not used.] EN-TRkAT'A-BLE, a. That may be entreated, or is soon entreated. t EN-TRkAT'ANCE, 71. Entreaty ; solicitation. EN-TReAT'ED, pp. 1. Earnesfly supplicated, besought or solicited ; importuned ; urgently requested. 2. Pre- vailed on by urgent solicitation ; consenting to grant what is desired, 3, Used; managed; [obs.] EN-TReAT'ER, n. One that entreats or asks earnestly. EN-TReAT'ING, ppr. 1. Earnestly asking ; pressing with request or prayer, importuning, 2. Treating; using: EN-TRji:AT'FUL, a. Full of entreaty. EN-TReAT'IVE, a. Pleaduig ; treating. Brewer. EN-TReAT'Y, 71. Urgent prayer ; earnest petition ; press ing solicitation ; supplication. EN-TRE-METS', (an-tr-ma') n. [Fr.] Small plates set be- tween the principal dishes at table, or dainty dishes Mo7-timcr. EN-TRE-POT', (an-tr-p6') n. [Fr,] A warehouse, staple, or magazine, for the deposit of goods. t EN-TRICK', V. t. To trick ; to deceive ; to entangle. EN'TRO-€HITE, n. [Gr. rpo'^oi.] A kind of extraneous fossil, usually about a« inch in length. EN'TRY, n. [Fr. entree.] 1. The passage by which per- * See Synopsis. A, £, I C, U, Y, long.—F&R^ FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete ENV 303 EPH eons cflN'tii' a house or other building. 2. The act of en- tering ; entrance ; ingress. 3. The act of entering and taking possession of lands or other estate. 4. The act of committing to writing, or of recording in a book. 5. The exhibition or depositing of a ship's papers at the custom- house, to procure license to land goods EN-TuNE', V. t. To tune. Chaucer EN-TWiNE', V. u To twine ; to twist round. EN-TWiNE'MENT, n. Union ; conjunction. Hacket. EN-TWIST', V. t. To twist or wreath round. t E-NU'BI-LATE, v. t. [L. e and nubila.} To clear from mist; clouds or obscurity. E-NtJ'BI-LOUS, a. Clear from fog, mist or clouds. E-Nu'GLE-ATE, v. t. [L. enucleo.] 1. To clear from knots or lumps ; to clear from intricacy ; to disentangle. 2. To open as a nucleus ; hence, to explain ; to clear from obscurity ; to make manifest. E-Nu'€LE-A-TED, pp. Cleared from knots ; explained. E-Nu'€LE-A-TING, ppr. Clearing from knots ; explaining. E-NU-€LE-A'TION, n. 1. The act of clearing from knots ; a disentangling. 2. Explanation ; full exposition. E-NU'ME-RATE, v. t. [L. enumero.l To count or tell, number by number ; to reckon or mention a number of things, each separately. E-Nu'ME-RA-TED, pp. Counted or told, number by num- ber , reckoned or mentioned by distinct particulars. E-NtJ'ME-RA-TING, ppr. Counting or reckoning any num- ber, by the particulars which compose it. E-NU-ME-Ra'TION, n. [L. enumeratio.] 1. The act of counting or telling a number, by naming each particular. 2. An account of a number of things, in which mention is made of every particular article. — 3. In rhetoric, a part of a peroration, in which the orator recapitulates the princi- pal points or heads of the discourse or argument. E-NtJ'ME-RA-TiVE, a. Counting ; reckoning up. E-NLTN'CIATE, V. t. [L. e?mmdo.] To utter] to declare; to proclaim ; to relate. Bp. Barlow. E-NUN'CIA-TED, pp. Uttered ; declared ; pronounced. B-NUN'CIA-TING, ppr. Uttering ; declaring ; pronoun- cing. E-NUN-CI-a'TION, n. 1. The act of uttering or pronoun- cing ; expression ; manner of utterance. 2. Declaration ; open proclamation ; public attestation. 3. Intelligence ; information. E-NUN'CIA-TlVE, a. Declarative ; expressive. B-NUN'CIA-TlVE-LY, adv. Declaratively. E-NUN'CIA-TO-RY, a. Containing utterance or sound. EN-VAS'SAL, V. «. 1. To reduce to vassalage. 2. To make over to another as a slave. Mors. EN-VEL'OP, ) V. t. [Fr. envelopper.'] 1. To cover by EN-VEL'OPB, \ wrapping or folding ; to inwrap. 2. To surround entirely 5 to cover on all sides 3 to hide. 3. To line ; to cover on the inside. * EN-VEL'OP, ) 11. 1. A wrapper; an integument.— 2. In EN-VEL'OPE, \ fortification, a work of earth in form of a parapet, or of a small rampart with a parapet. EN-VEL'OPED, pp. Inwrapped ; covered on all sides ; surrounded on all sides; inclosed. EN-VEL'OP-ING, ppr. Inwrapping ; folding around ; cov- ering or surrounding on all sides, as a case or integu- ment. £N-VEL'OP-MENT, n. A wrapping ; an inclosing or cover- ing on all sides. EN-VEN'OM, V. «. L To poison; to taint or impregnate with venom, or any substance noxious to life. 2. To taint with bitterness or malice. 3. To make odious. 4. To enrage ; to exasperate. EN-VEN'OMED, pp. Tainted or impregnated with venom or poison; imbittered; exasperated. EN-VEN'OM-ING, ppr. Tainting with venom ; poisoning; imbittering ; enraging. EN-VER'MEIL, v. t. [Fr. vermeil.] To dye red. Milton. EN'VI-A-BLE, a. That may excite envy ; capable of awa- kening ardent desire of possession. EN'VIED, pp. Subjected to envy. EN'VI-ER, 71. One who envies another. EN'VI-OUS, a. [Fr. envieux.] Feeling or harboring envy ; repining or feeling uneasiness at a view of the excellence, prosperity or happiness of another. 2. Tinctured with envy. 3. Excited or directed by envy. EN'VI-OUS-LY, adv. With envy ; with malignity excited by the excellence or prosperity of another. EN-Vi'RON, V. i. [Fr environner.] 1. To surround ; to en- compass ; to encircle. 2. To involve ; to envelop. 3. To besiege. 4. To inclose ; to invest. EN-VI'RONED, pp. Surrounded ; encompassed ; besieged ; involved ; invested. EN-VI'RON-ING, ppr. Surrounding ; encircling ; besieging; inclosing; involving; investing. * EN-Vl'RONS, n. plu. The parts or places which STirround another place, or lie in its neighborhood on different sides. EN'VOY, n. [Fr. envoyi.] 1. A person deputed by a prince or government, to negotiate a treaty, or transact other busi- ness, with a foreign prince or government. 2. A common messenger ; [obs.J 3. [Fr. envoi.] Formerly, a postscript sent with compositions to enforce them. EN'VOY-SHIP, ?i. The office of an envoy. Coventry. EN'VY, V. t. [Fr. envier.] 1. To feel uneasiness, mortifi- cation or discontent, at the signt of superior excellence, reputation or happiness enjoyed by another ; to repine at another's prosperity. 2. To grudge ; to withhold mali- ciously. EN'VY, n. 1. Pain ; uneasiness, mortification or discon- tent excited by the sight of another's superiority or suc- cess, accompanied with some degree of hatred or malig- nity. — Emulation differs from envy in not being accompa- nied with liatred and a desire to depress a more fortunate person. 2. Rivalry ; competition ; [ZsWie Mse«f.] 3. Malice; malignity. 4. Public odium ; ill repute ; invidiousness. EN'VY-ING, ppr. Feeling uneasiness at the superior con- dition and happiness of another. EN'VY-ING, n. 1. Mortification experienced at the sup- posed prosperity and happiness of another. 2 111 will at others, on account of some supposed superiority. Oal, V. 21. EN-WAL'LoWED, a. Being wallowed or wallowing. EN- WHEEL', v. t. [from wheel.] To encircle. Shak. tEN-WID'EN, V. t. [from wide.] To make' wider. EN-WoMB', (en-woora') v. t. 1. To make pregnant; [obs.] 2. To bury ; to hide as in a gulf, pit or cavern. EN-WoMB'ED, (en-woomd') pp. Impregnated ; buried in a deep gulf or cavern. EN- WRAP', (en-rap') v. t. To envelop. See Inwrap. EN-WRAP'MENT, 71. A covering ; a wrapper. E-O'LI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to ^Eolia or ^olis, in Asia Mi- E-OL'I€, ) nor, inhabited by Greeks.— Eolian lyre or harp is a simple stringed instrument, that sounds by the impulse of air, from JEolus, the deity of the winds. E-OL'I-PILE, n. [L. JEolus and pila.] A hollow ball of metal, with a pipe or slender neck, used in hydraulic ex- periments. E'ON, n. [Gr. aiwv.] In the Platonic philosophy, a virtue, attribute or perfection. EP, EP'I, Gr. em, in composition, usually signifies on. E'PACT, n. [Gr. enaKTos.] In chronology, the excess of the solar month above the lunar synodical month, and of the solar year above tiie lunar year of twelve synodical months. EP'ARCH, n. [Gr. eirapxos.] The governor or prefect of a province, .dah. EP'AR-CHY, n. [Gr. £7rap;!^ta. ] A province, prefecture or territory under the jurisdiction of an eparch. EP'AU-LET, n. [Fr. epaulette.] A shoulder-piece ; an or- namental badge worn on the slioulder by military men. E-PAUL'MENT, n. [from Fr. epaule.] In fortification, a side-work, or work to cover sidewise, made of gabions, fascines, or bags of earth. EP-E-NET'I€, a. [Gr. ETtaivrjTiKOi.] Laudatory ; bestow ing praise. Phillips. E-PEN'THE-SIS, ) n. [Gr. eireveetrcg.] The insertion of a E-PEN'THE-SY, \ letter or syllable in the middle of a word, as alituum for alitum. EP-EN-THET'ie, a. Inserted in the middle of a word. E'PHA, n. [Heb. HflN.] A Hebrew measure of three peck* and three pints, or, according to some, of seven gallons and four pints, or about 15 solid inches. E-PHEM'E-RA, n. [L.] 1. A fever of one day's continu- ance only. 2. The day-fly ; strictly, a fly that lives one day only ; but the word is applied also to insects that are very short-lived. E-PHEM'E-RAL, I a. 1. Diurnai; beginning and ending E-PHEM'E-RI€, \ in a day ; continuing or existing one day only. 2. Short-lived; existing or continuing for a short time only. [Epherneral is generally used. Ephem- erous is not analogically formed.] E-PHEM'E-RIS, n.; pZjt. Ephemer'ides. [Gr. £(prjixE(,is-'] 1. A journal or account of daily transactions ; a diary. — 2. In astronomy, an account of the daily state or positions of the planets or heavenly orbs ; a table, or collection of tables, exhibiting the places of all the planets every day at noon . E-PHEM'E-RIST, n. One who studies the daily motions and positions of the planets ; an astrologer. E-PHEM'E-RON-WORM, n. A worm that lives one day only. Derham. E-PHEM'E-ROUS, a. Beginning and ending in a day. Burke. E-PHe'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Ephesus in Asia Miaor.— As a noun, a native of Ephesus. EPH-I-AL'TES, n. [Gr.] The night-mare. * EPH'OD, n. [Heb. 11CN.] In Jewish antiquity, a part of tho sacerdotal habit, being a kind of girdle. EPH'OR, 71. [Gr- e^opos.] In ancient Sparta, a magistrate chosen by the people. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete EPI 304 EPI EPHOR-AL-TY, n. The office, or tenn of office, of anephor. EP i€, a. [L. eptciis.] Narrative ; containing narration ; rehearsing. An epic poem, otherwise called heroic, is a poem which narrates a story, real or fictitious, or both, representing, in an elevated style, some signal action or series of actions and events, usually the achievements of some distinguished hero. EFie, 71. An epic poem. EP'I-CEDE, n. [Gr. emKrjSios.] A funeral song or dis- course. EP-I-Ce'DI-AN. a. Elegiac; 'mournful. EP-I-Ck'DI-UM, n. An elegy. EP'I-CENE, a. [Gr. cttikoivos.] Common to both sexes ; of both kinds. EP-I€-TE'TIAN, a. Pertaining to Epictetus. EPI-€URE, n. [L. epicuriis.] Properly, a follower of Epi- curus 3 a man devoted to sensual enjoyments ; one who ' indulges in the luxuries of the table. * EP-I-eu'RE-AN, ) a. [L. Epicureiis.] 1. Pertaining to * EP-I-€U-Re'AN, \ Epicm-us. 2. Luxurious ; given to luxury ; contributing to the luxuries of the table. * EP-I-etJ'RE-AN, ) 71. A follower of Epicurus. Shaftes- * EP-I-€U-Re'AN, \ bury. * EF-I-€d'RE-AN-ISM, 71. Attachment to the doctrines of Epicurus. Harris. EP'I-€U-RISM, n. 1. Luxury; sensual enjoyments; in- dulgence iu gross pleasui-e ; voluptuousness. 2. The doc- trines of Epicurus. EP'I-€U-RiZE, v.i. 1. To feed or indulge like an epi- cure ; to riot ; to feast. 2. To profess the doctrines of Epicurus. EP'I-CY-eLE, n. [Gr. eni and kvk\os.] A little circle, whose centre is in the circumference of a greater circle ; or a small orb, which, being fixed in the deferent of a planet, is carried along with it, and yet by its own pecu- liar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened to it round its proper centre. EP-I-CY€'LOID, or EP-I-Cy'€LOID, n. [Gr. emKVK\oeiSris.] In geometry, a curve generated by the revolution of the periphery of a circle along the convex or concave side of the periphery of another circle. EP-I-CY-CLOID'AL, a. Pertaining to the epicycloid. EP-I-DEM'I€, or EP-I-DEM'I-€AL, a. [Gr. sm and drjfiog.'] 1. Common to many people. An epidemic disease is one which seizes a great number of people, at the same time, or in the same season. 2. Generally prevailing ; affect- ing great numbers. EP-I-DEM'1€, n. A popular disease ; a disease generally prevailing. EP-I-DERM'I€, I a. Pertaining to the cuticle ; covering EP-I-DERM'I-DAL, \ the skm. EP-I-DERM'IS, 71. [Gr. e-Kihgjj.ii.'] In anatomy, the cuticle or scarf-skin of the body ; a thin membrane covering the skin of animals, or the bark of plants. EP'I-DOTE, 7^. A mineral. EP-I-GAS'TRI€, a. [Gr. ert and yaarri^.'] Pertaining to the upper part of the abdomen. EP'I-GEE, ^SeePEKiGEE EP-I-GE'UM. \ ^Seir-EEIGEE. EP'I-GLOT, I n. [Gr. fimyXwrrtj.] In anatomy, one of EP-I-GLOT'TIS, \ the cartilages of the larynx, whose use is to cover the glottis when food or drink is passing into the stomach. EP'I-GRAM, 71. [Gi. eTTtypaiAixa.] A short poem treating on- ly of one thing, and ending with some lively, ingenious and natural thought. EP-1-GRAM-MAT'I€, ) a. 1. Writmg epigrams ; deal- EP I-GRAM-MAT'l-CAL, \ ing in epigrams. 2. Suitable to epigrams ; belonging to epigrams ; like an epigram ; concise ; pointed ; poignant. EP-I-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. One who composes epigrfsms, or deals in them. EP'I-GRAPH, 71. [Gr. e-TLypacpri.l Among antiquaries, an in- scription on a building. EP'I-LEP-SY, 71. [Gr. eniXrixjjia.] The falling sickness, so called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground ; a disease accompanied v/ith spasms or convulsions and loss of sense. EP-I-LEP'TI€, a. Pertaining to the falling sickness; af- fected with epilepsy ; consisting of epilepsy. EP-I-LEP'TI€, 71. One aifected with epilepsy. EP-I-LEP'TI-€AL, a. Convulsed ; disordered as by an epi- lepsy. EPI-LO-GISM, 71. [Gr. ETtXoytcr/^of.] Computation; enu- meration. Gregory. EP-I-L0-GIS'TI€, a. Pertaiaing to epUogue ; of the nature of an epilogue. EP'I-LOGUE, (ep'e-log) n. [L. epilogus.] 1. In oratory, a conclusion ; the closing part of a discourse, in which the principal matters are recapitulated. — 2. In the drama, a speech or short poem addressed to the spectators by one of the actors, after the conclusion of the play. EP'I-LO-GUiZE, or EP'I-LO-GiZE, v. i. To pronounce an epilogue. EP'I-LO-GUiZE, V. t. To add to, in the manner of an epi- logue. t EP-I-Nl"CION, 71. [Gr. £-i:lvikiov.} A song of triumjdi Warton. E-PIPH'A-NY, 71. [Gr. £TiL(pavei.a.] A Christian festival cel- ebrated on the 6th day of January, the 12th day after Christmas, in commemoration of the appearance of our Savior to the magians or philosophers of the East, who came to adore him with presents. E-PIPH'0-NEM, > 71. [Gr. ntKpittvrina.'] In oratory, an EP-I-PHO-Ne'MA, \ exclamation ; an ecphonesis ; a ve- hement utterance of the voice to express strong passion. E-PIPH'O-RA, 71. [Gr. e-ni and ^epw.] The watery eye; a disease in which the tears accumulate. EP-I-PHYL-LO-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. tiri, 4>v\\ov, and crre^lia.'] In botany, bearing then- seeds on the back of the leaves, as fems. E-PIPH'Y-SIS, ) 71. [Gr. t.TtKpvais.'] Accretion ; the growing E-PIPH'Y-SY, \ of one bone to another by simple conti- guity. E-PIP'LO-CE, or E-PIP'LO-CY, n. [Gr. emnXoKv.] A fig- ure of rhetoric, by which one aggravation or striking ok cumstance is added m due gradation to another. E-PIP'LO-CELE, 71. [Gr. eTriTrXoKiyX??.] A rupture of the caul or omentum. Coxe. E-PIP'LO-ie, a. [Gr. tiri-KXoov.l Pertaining to the caul or omentum. E-PIP'LOON, 71. [Gr. e-KntXaov.] The caul or omentum. E-PIS'CO-PA-CY, 71. [L. episcopatus.] Government of the church by bishops. E-PIS'€0-PAL, a. 1. Belonging to or vested in bishops oi prelates. 2. Governed by bishops. E-PIS-CO-Pa'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to bishops or govern ment by bishops ; episcopal. E-PIS-€0-Pa'LI-AN, 71. One who belongs to an episcopa. church, or adheres to the episcopal form of church govern- ment and discipline. E-PIS'€0-PAL-LY, adv. By episcopal authority ; in an episcopal manner. E-PIS'€0-PATE, 71. 1. A bishopric ; the office and dignity of a bishop. 2. The order of bishops. E-PIS'€0-PATE, V. i. To act as a bishop ; to fill the office of a prelate. M'dner. E-PIS'CO-PY, 71. Survey ; superintendence ; search. EP'I-SODE, 71. [Gr. ETrtcw^^.] In poetry, a separate inci- dent, story or action, introduced for the purpose of giving a greater variety to the events related in the poem ; an in- cidental narrative, or digression. EP-I-SOD'I€, \ a. Pertaining to an episode ; contained EP-I-SOD'I-€AL, \ in an episode or digression. EP-I-SODT-CAL-LY, adzj. By way of episode. Scott. EP-I-SPAS'TI€, a. [Gr. ti:icr:aaTiKa.'\ In medicine, draw- ing ; attracting the humors to the skin ; exciting action in the skin ; blistering. EP-l-SPAS'TIC, 71. A topical remedy applied to the exter- nal part of the body, for the purpose of drawing the hu- mors to the part, or exciting action in the skin ; a blis- ter. EP-I-STIL'BITE, 71. A mineral. E-PIS'TLE, (e-pis'l) 7i. [L. epistola, Gr. £ti«7toX>7.] A writ- ing, sent, communicating intelligence to a distant person ; a letter ; a letter missive. E-PIS'TLER, 71. 1. A writer of epistles ; [Zi«JeMsei.] 2 Formerly, one who attended the communion table, and read the epistles. E-PIS'TO-LA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to epistles or letters , suitable to letters and correspondence ; familiar. 2. Con- tained in letters. EP-IS-TOL'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to letters or epistles. EP-IS-TOL'I-€AL, \ 2. Designatmg the method of repre- senting ideas by letters and words. E-PIS'TO-LiZE, V. i. To write epistles or letters. E-PIS'TO-LlZ-ER, 71. A writer of epistles. Howel. E-PIS-TO-LO-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to the writing of letters. E-PIS-TO-LOG'RA-PHY, ti. [Gr. nnciToXr] and y^ai.'\ The art or practice of writing letters. E-PIS'TRO-PHE, / 71. [Gr. STrtorpo^??.] A figure, in rliet- E-PIS'TRO-PHY, ) oric, in which several successive sen- tences end with the same word or affirmation. EP'I-ST"5LE, 71. [Gr. eiti and aTvKog.l In ancient archi- tecture, a term used by the Greeks for what is now called the architrave, a massive piece of stone or wood laid im mediately over the capital of a column or pillar. EP'I-TAPH, 71. [Gr. t-i and Ta^PIT'B.O-PY, \ a figure by which a thing is granted with a view to obtain an advantage. EP-I-ZO-OT'I€, a. [Gr. em and |wov,] In geology, an epithet given to such mountains as contain animal re- mains in tJieir naturfd or in a petrified state, or the impres- sions of animal substances. EP-I-Zo'O-TY, 71. A murrain or pestilence among irra- tional animals. * K'PO€H, or EP'OGH, n. [L. epocha.] 1. A fixed point of time, from which succeeding years are numbered ; a point from which computation of yeaj-s begins. 2. Any fixed time or period ; the period when any thing begins or is remarkably prevalent. EP'0-€HA, 71. The same as epoch. * EP'ODE, 71. [Gr. ETruJr?.] In lyric poetry, the third or last part of the ode ; tliat which follows the strophe and anti- strophe. [The word is now used as the name of any little verse or verses, that follow one or more great ones.] EP-O-PEE', n. [Gr. £7roff and jrotEW.J An epic poem. More properly, the history, action or table, which makes the subject of an epic poem. E'POS, n. [Gr. ettoj .] An epic poem, or its fable or subject. EP'SOM-SALT. The sulphate of magnesia, a cathartic. EP'U-LA-EY, a. [L. epularis.] Pertaining to a feast or ban- quet. Bailey. EP-U-La'TION, 7i. [L. epulatio.] A feasting or feast. EP-U-LOT'I€, a. [Gr. eirov^wriKa.] Healing ; cicatrizing. EP-U-LOT'I€, 71. A medicament or application which tends to dry, cicatrize and heal wounds or ulcers, to repress fun- gous flesh, and dispose the parts to recover soundness. E-aUA-BIL'I-TY, 71. 1. Equality in motion ; continued equality, at all times, in velocity or movement ; uniform- ity. 2. Continued equality ; evenness or uniformity. £'Q,UA-BLE, a. [L. csquabilis.] 1. Equal and uniform at all times, as motion. 2. Even; smooth; having a uni- form surface or form. £'CIUA-BLY, adv. With an equal or uniform motion ; with _ continued uniformity ; evenly. E'Q,UAL, a. [L. wqualis.] 1. Having the same magnitude or dimensions ; being of the same bulk or extent. 2. Having the same value. 3. Having the same qualities or condition. 4. Having the same degree. 5. Even ; uni- form ; not variable. 6. Being in just proportion. 7. Im- partial ; neutral ; not biased. 8. Indifferent ; of the same interest or concern. 9. Just ; equitable ; giving the same or similar rights or advantages. 10. Being on the same terms ; enjoying the same or similar benefits. 11. Ade- _ quate ; having competent pwer, ability or means. E'Q,UAL, 71. One not inferior or superior to another ; hav- ing the same or a similar age, rank, station, oflice, talents, _ strength, &c E'CIUAL, V. t. 1. To make equal ; to make one thing of the same quantity, dimensions or quality as another. 2. To raise to the same state, rank, or estimation with an- other ; to become equal to. 3. To be equal to. 4. To make equivalent to ; to recompense fully ; to answer in full proportion.' 5. To be of like excellence or beauty. E-aUAL'I-TY, n. [L. cBqualitas.\ 1. An agreement rf things in dimensions, quantity or quality ; likeness ; sim ilarity in regard to two things compared. 2. The same degree of dignity or claims. 3 Evenness ; uniformity ; sameness in state or continued course. 4. Evenness ; plainness ; uniformity, E-aUAL-I-ZA'TION, n. The act of equalizing, or state of _ being equalized. E'QUAL-iZE, V. t. To make equal. E'dUAL-lZED , pp. Made equal ; reduced to equality. E'Q.UAL-lZ-ING, ppr. Making equal. EIQ.UAL-LY, adv. ]. In the same degree with another; alike. 2. In equal shares or proportions. 3. Impartially ; _ with equal justice. E'Q,UAL-NESS, n. 1. Equality ; a state of being equal 2. Evenness ; uniformity. E-Q,UAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. mquus and anguliis.'] Consist- ing of equal angles. E-aUA-NIM'I-TY, 71. [L. cBquanimitas.'] 1. Evenness of mind ; that calm temper or firmness of mind, which is not easily elated or depressed. E-CIUAN'I-MOUS, a. Of an even, composed frame of mind ; of a steady temper, not easily elated or depressed. E-GIUa'TION, 71. [L. aquatio.] 1. Literally, a making equal, or an equal division. — 2. In algebra, a proposition asserting the equality of two quantities, and expressed by the sign = between them ; or an expression of the same quantity in two dissimilar terms, but of equal value, as 3s. =36(f. — 3. In astronomy, the reduction of the apparent time or motion of the sun to equable, mean or true time 4. The reduction of any extremes to a mean proportion Harris. E-Q-Ua'TOR, n. [L.] In astronomy and geography, a great circle of the sphere, equally distant from the two poles of the world, or having the same poles as the world. E-ClUA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the equator. * E'Q,UE-RY, n. [Fr. ecuyer.] 1. An ofiicer of princes who has the care and management of his horses. 2. A stable or lodge for horses. E-aUES'TRI-AN, a. [L. eqiiester.] 1. Pertaining to horses or hoi-semanship ; performed with horses. 2. Being on horseback. 3. Skilled in horsemanship. 4. Representing a person on horseback. 5. Celebrated by horse-races. 6. Belonging to knights. E-Q,UI-AN'GU-LAR, a. [L. aqnus, and angulus.] In ge- ometry, consisting of or having equal angles. E-Q,UI-BAL'ANCE, n. [L. aiquus and bilanx.] Equal weight. E-aUI-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To have equal weight with some- thing. E-Q,UI-CRtf'RAL, a, [h.cequus and crus.] 1. Having legs of equal length. 2. Having equal legs, but longer than the base ;_ isosceles. E-Q.UI-CRURE', a. The same as equicrural. E-aUI-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Having equal differences ; arith- metically proportional. E-aUI-DIS'TANCE, n. Equal distance. Hall. E-aUI-DIS'TANT, n. Equal distance or remoteness, E-aUI-DIS'TANT, a. [L.mqmus, and distans,] Being at an equal distance from some point or place. E-aUI-DIS'TANT-LY, adv. At the same or an equal dis- tance. E-aUI-FORM'I-TY, n. [L. aiquus and forma.] Uniform equalit)'. Broken. E-GIUI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. aquus and lateralis.] Having all the sides equal. E-QUI-LAT'ER-AL, n. A side exactly corresponding to others. Herbert. E-QUI-Ll'BRATE, v. t. [L. a;quus and libro.] To balance equally two scales, sides or ends ; to keep even with equal weight on each side. E-aUI-Li'BRA-TED, pp. Balanced equally on both sides or ends. E-aUI-Ll'BRA-TING, ppr. Balancing equally on both sides or ends. E-aUI-LI-BRA'TION, n. Equipoise ; the act of keeping the balance even, or the state of being equally balanced. E-aUI-LIB'RI-OUS, a. Equally poised. E-aUI-LIB'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In equal poise. E-aUIL'I-BRIST, n. One that balances equally. E-aUI-LIB'RI-TY, n. [L. cequilibritas .] The state of be- ing equally balanced ; equal balance on both sides ; equi- librium. Gregory. E-CIUI-LIB'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1. In mechanics, equipose, equality of weight ; the state of the two ends of a lever or balance, when both are charged with equal weight, and they maintain an even or level position, parallel to the horizon. 2. Equality of powers. 3. Equal balancing of the mind between motives or reasons. E-aUI-MUL'TI-PLE, a. [L. aiquus and multiplieo.] Mul tiplied by the same number or quantity. E-aUI-MUL'TI-PLE, n. In arithmetic and geometry, a number multiplied by the same number or quantity. E-dUl'NAL, a. Relating to a horse. Heytcood. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE -€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolet* 20 EQU 306 ERE £'Q,UINE, a. [L. equinus.] Pertaining to a hoise, or to the genus. E-aUI-NECES-SA-RY, a. Necessary or needful in the same degree. JIndih-as. E-aUI-NOG'TIAL, a. [L. cequus and nox.] 1. Pertaining to the equinoxes ; designating an equal length of day and night. 2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equi- noctial line or equator ; in or near that line. 3. Pertain- ing to the time when the sun enters the equinoctial points. — 4. Equinoctial fiowers, flowei-s that open at a regular, stated hour. E-aUI-NO€'TIAL, n. In astronomy, a great circle of the sphere, under which the equator moves in its diunial course. — Equinoctial points are the two points wherein the equator and ecliptic intersect each other. E-aUI-NOG'TIAL-LY, adv. In the direction of the equi- nox. Broicn. EaUI-NOX, 71. [L. squus and nox.'] The precise time when the sun enters one of the equinoctial points, or the first point of Aries, about the 21st of March, and the first point of Libra, about the 23d of September, making the day and the niglit of equal length. E-Q,UI-NU'ME-E,AXT, «. [L. aquus and mLmerus.l Hav- ing or consisting of the same number. [Little used.] E-aUIF, V. t. [Ft. equiper.] 1. To dress ; to habit. To furnish with arms, or a complete suit of arms, for milita- ry service. 2. To furnish with men, artillery and muni- tions of war, as a shin. To fit for sea. Ea'UI-PAGE, V. 1. The furniture of a military man, partic- ularly arms and their appendages. 2. The furniture of an army or body of troops, infantry or cavalry. 3. The furni- ture of an armed ship, or the necessary preparations for a voyage. 4. Attendance, retinue, as persons, horses, carriages, &c. 5. Carriage of state; vehicle. 6. Accou- terments ; habiliments ; ornamental furniture. ECI'UI-PaGED, a. Furnished with equipage; attended with a splendid retinue. Coioper. E-aUI-PEN'DEN-CY, n. [L. cnqims and pevdeo.] The act of hanging in equipoise ; a being not inclined or deter- mined either way. E-aUIP'MENT, n. 1. The act of equipping, or fitting for a voyage or expedition. 2. Any thing that is used in equip- ping ; furniture ; habiliments ; warlike apparatus ; neces- saries for an expedition, or for a voyage. E'aUI-POISE, n. [L. cequus, and Fr. poids.] Equality of weight or force ; equilibrium ; a state in which the two ends or sides of a thing are balanced. E-aUI-POL'LENCE, \ n. [L. cEquus and pollentia.] 1. £-aUI-POL'LEN-CY, i Equality of power or force.— 2. In lo^c, an equivalence between two or more proposi- tions. E-GHJI-POE'LENT, a. Having equal power or force ; equiv- alent. — In log-ic, having equivalent signification. E-aUI-POL'LENT-LY, adv. Equivalently. Barrow. E-aUI-PON'DER-ANCE, n. [L. csquus and pondus.] Equality of weight ; equipoise. E-aUI-PON'DER-ANT, a. Being of the same weight. E-aUI-PON'DER-ATE, v. i. [L. (squjis and pondero.] To be equal in weight ; to weigh as much as another thine. E-aUI-P0X'DI-dU3, a. Having equal weight on both sides. Glo.nville. E-aUIP'PED, (e-quipf) pp. Furnished with habiliments, arms, and whatever is necessary for a military expedi- tion, or fcr a %"oyage or cruise. E-Q.UIP'PING, ppr. Furnishing with habiliments or warlike apparatus : supplving with things necessary for a voyage. E-QUIS'.0-NA^CE,7^. An equal sounding. ECl'lJl-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. equUahlc] 1. E^qual in regard to the rights of persons ; disnibuting equal justice ; giving each his due -/assigning to one or more what law or jus- tice demands ; just ; impartial. 2. Having tiie disposi- tion to do justice, or doing justice ; impartial 3. Heid or exercised in equity, or with chancerv powers. EQ,'UT-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being just. 2. Equity ; the state of doing justice, or distributing to each according to his legal or just claims. EQ. L^I-T A-BLY, ado. In an equitable manner ; justly ; im- partially. EQ.'UI-TANT, a. [L. equiians.] In botany, riding, as equi- tant leaves. EQ.-UI-Ta'TION, 71. A riding on horseback. Barrow. EO.'UI-TY, 71. [L. asquitas.] 1. Justice ; right. 2. Justice; impartiality ; a just regard to right or claim. — 3. In law, an equitable claim. — 4. In jurisprudence, the correction or qualification of iaw, when too severe or defective ; or the extension of the words of the law to cases not expressed, yet coming within the reason of the law. — 5. Equity of re- demption, in latP, the advantage, allowed to a mortgager, of a reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged. E-Q.ITIV'A-LENCE, n. [h. cequus and valens.] 1. Equal- ity of value ; equal value or worth. 2. Equal power or force ; E-^UIV'A-LENCE, v. t. To equiponderate ; to be equal to. Breton. E-aUIV'A-LENT, a. 1. Equal in value or worth. 2. Equal in force, power or effect. 3. Equal in moral force, co- gency or effect on the mind. 4. Of the same import oi meaning. 5. Equal in excellence or moral worth. E-aUIV'A-LENT, n. 1. That which is equal in value weight, dignity or force, with something else.— 2. In chemistry, equivalent is the particular weight or quantity of any substance which is necessary to saturate any othe» with which it can combine. Silliman. E-Q.UIV 'A-LENT-LY, adc. In an equal manner. t E-aUIV'0-€A-CY, 71. Equivocalness. Brown. E-Q.UIV'0-€AL, a. [Lowlj.aqidvocus.] ]. Being of doubt ful signification; that may be understood in different senses ; capable of a double interpretation ; ambiguous . 2. Doubtful ; ambiguous ; susceptible of different con- structions ; not decided. 3. Uncertain ; proceeding from some unknown cause, or not from the usual cause. E-Q.UIV'0-€AL, n. A word or term of doubtful meaning, or capable of different meanings. E-Q.UIV'0-€AL-LY, adv. 1. Ambiguously ; in a doubtful sense; in terms susceptible of different senses. 2. By un certain bkth ; bv equivocal generation. E-(iUIV'0-€AL-NE£S, n. Ambiguity ; double meaning. E-GiUIV'O-CATE, v. i. [It. equivocare ; Fr. equivoquer. j To use words of a doubtful signification ; to express one's opinions in terms which admit of different senses ; to use ambiguous expressions. E-Q,tJIV'0-€ATE, v. t. To render capable of a double m- terpretation. E-Q.UiV'0-€A-TING, ppr. Using ambiguous words or phrases. E-aUIV-0-€A'TION, 71. Ambiguity of speech ; the use ol words or expressions that are susceptible of a double sig- nification. E-aUIV'0-€A-TOE, n. One who equivocates. EQ,UI-V0KE, n. [Ft. equivoque.] 1. An ambiguous term 2. Equivocation. E-aUIV'OR-OUS, a. [L. equus and voro.] Feeding or sub- sisting on horse flesh. Quart. Rev. ER, the termination of many English words, is the Teutonic form of the Latin or ; the one contracted from tcer, the other from vir, a man. It denotes an agent, originally of the masculine gender, but now applied to men or things indifferently ; as in hater, farmer, heater, grater. At the end of names of places, er signifies a man of the place j _ Londoner is the same as Londonman. ERA, n. [L. ara ; Fr. ere ; Sp. era.] 1. In chronology, a fixed point of time, from which any number of years is begun to be counted ; as, the Christian era. It differs from epoch in this ; era is a point of time fixed by some nation or denomination of men ; epoch is a point nxed by historians and chronologists. 2. A succession of years proceeding from a fixed point, or comprehended between two fixed points. E-Ra'DI-ATE, v. I. [L. e and radio.] To shoot as rays of light ; to beam. E-RA-DI-A TION, 71. Emission of rays or beams of light ; emission of light or splendor. E-RADI-CATE, v. t. [L. eradico.] To pull up the roots, or by the roots ; to destroy any thing that grows ; to extir- pate ; to destroy tlioroughly. E-RAD'I-€A-TED, pp. Plucked up by the roots ; extirpa- ted ; destroyed. E-RAB'I-CA-TING, ppr. Pulling up the roots of any thing ; extirpating. E-RAD-I-€aTI0N, 71. 1. The act of plucking up by the roots ; extirpation ; excision ; total destruction. 2. The state of being plucked up by the roots. E-RAD'I-€A-TiVE, a. That extirpates ; that cures or de- stroys thoroughly. E-RAi3'I-€A-TiVE, n. A medicine that effects a radical cure. Whitlock. E-RA'SA.-BLE, a. That may or can be erased. E-RaSE', v. i. [ti. erado.] 1. To rub or scrape out, as letters or characters written, engraved or painted ; to eflTace. 2. To obliterate ; to expunge ; to blot out. 3. To efface ; to destroy. 4. To destroy to the foundatiot!. [^"s Raze.] E-RaS'ED, (e-rast') pp. Rubbed or scratched out; ooliter- ated ; effaced. E-RaSE'MENT, 71. The act of erasing ; a rubbing out ; ex- punction ; obliteration ; destruction. E-RaS'ING, ppr. Rubbing or scraping out; obliterating; destroying. E-Ra'SION, 71. The act of erasing; obliteration. E-RAS'TIAN, n. A follower of Erdstus. E-RAS'TIAN-ISM, n. The principles of the Erastians. E-RA'SURE,(e-ra'zhur)n. 1. The act of erasing ; a scratch- ing out ; obliteration. 2. The place whc-e a word or let- ter has been erased or obliterated. ERE, (air) adv. [Sax. ^r.] Before ; sooner than. ERE, (air) prep. Before. JDryden. SRE'LONG, (ak'long) adv. 1. Before a long tune had elapsed ; [ois. or little used.] 2. Before a long time shall elapse ; before long. Milton. *Stt Synopsis. A, E, I. 0, O, Y, long.— FAR, FAJuL, WHAT;— PRgY ;-PIN. MARINE, BIRD y- t Obsolete. ERR 307 ESC gRE'NOW, (air'now) adv. Before this time. Dryden. fERE'WHILE, (air'while) ; ado. Some time ago ; before t ERE'WHILES, (air'whiiz) \ a litile while. Suah. ER'E-BUS, n. [L. c?-e&Ms.] In mytholoo-y^ darkness ; hence, Ihe region of the dead ; a deep and gloomy place ; heli. E-REeT', a. [L, erectus.] I. Upright, or in'a perpendicular posture. 2. Directed upward. 3. Upright and firm ; bold } unshaken. 4. Raised ; stretched ; intent 3 vigor- ous. 5. Stretched ; extended. E-RE€T', V. t. 1. To raise and set in an upright or perpen- dicular direction, or nearly such. 2. To raise, as a build- ing ; to set up ; to build. 3. To set up or establish anew ; to found; to form. 4. To elevate, to exalt 5. To raise; to excite ; to animate ; to encourage. 6. To raise a con- sequence from premises. 7. To extend ; to distend. E-RE€T', V. i. To rise upright. Bacon. E-RECT'A-BLE, a. That can be erected. Montagu. E-RECT'ED, pp. Set in a straight and perpendicular direc- tion ; set upright; raised; built; established; elevated. E-RECT'ER, n. One that erects ; one that raises or builds. E-RE€T'ING, ppr. Raising and setting upright ; building ; founding ; establishing ; elevating ; inciting ; extendmg and distending. E-REG'TJON, n. 1. The act of raising and setting perpen- dicular to the plane of the horizon ; a setting upright. 2. The act of raising or building, as an edifice or fortifica- tion. 3. The state of being raised, built or elevated. 4. Establishment ; settlement ; formation. 5. Elevation ; exaltation of sentiments. 6. Act of rousing ; excitement. 7. Any thing erected. 8. Distension and extension. E-REGT'IVE, a. Setting upright ; raising. E-RE€T'LY, adv. In an erect posture. Brotcn. E-RE€T'NESS, ?i. Uprightness of posture or form. E-REGT'OR, n. A muscle that erects ; one that raises. ER'E-MI-TA6E, n. See Hermitage. ER'E-MITE, n. [L. eremita.] One who lives in a wilder- ness, or in retirement, secluded from an intercourse with men. It is generally written hermit. Milton. ER-E-MIT'I-€AL, a. Living in seclusion from the world. E-REP'TION, n. [L. ereptio.] A takhig or snatching away by force. fER'GAT, V. i. [L. ergo.] To infer; to draw conclusions. ER'GO, adv. [L.l Therefore. ER'GOT, 71. [Fr.] 1. In farriery, a stub, like a piece of soft horn, about the bigness of a chestnut, situated behind and below the pastern joint. 2. A morbid excrescence in grain, particularly in rye. ER'GO-TISM, 71. [L. ergo.] A logical inference. ER'I-A€H, n. [Irish.] A pecuniary fine. Spenser. J ER'I-6l-BLE, a. That may be erected. Sliaw's Zoology. E-RIN'GO. See Eryngo. fE-RIST'ie, la. [Gr. epis and spiort/co?.] Pertaining f E-RIST'I-€AL, ) to disputes ; controversial. f ERKE, n. [Gr. aspyos.] Idle ; slothful. Chaucer. ER'ME-LIN. See Ermin. ER'MlNE, ) 71. [Fr. hermine.] 1. An animal of the genus ER'MIN, \ mustela. 2. The fur of the ermine. ER'aHNED, a. Clothed with ermine ; adorned with the fur of the ermine. Pope. ERNE, or ^RNE, a Saxon word, signifying a place or re- ceptacle, forms the termination of some English words, as well as Latin ; as in barn, lantern. E-RoDE', V. t. [L. erodo.] To eat in or away ; to corrode. E-RoD'ED, pp. Eaten ; gnawed ; corroded. E-RoD'ING, ppr. Eating into ; eating away ; corroding. f ER'0-GATE, V. t. [L. erogo.] To lay out ; to give ; to bestow upon. Elyot. t ER-O-Ga'TION, 71. The act of conferring. Elyot. E-RoSE', a. [L. erosus.] In botany, an erase leaf has small sinuses in the margin, as if gnawed. E-RO'SION, 71. [L. erosio.'] 1. The act or operation of eating away. 2. The state of being eaten away ; corrosion ; canker. E-ROT'I€, ) a. [Gr. epwj.l Pertaining to love ; treating E-ROT'I-€AL, \ of love. E-ROT'I€, n. An amorous composition or poem. ER-PE-TOL'0-6lST, n. [Gr. epTrsro? and \oyog.] One who writes on the subject of reptiles, or is versed in the natu- ral history of reptiles. ER-PE-T0L'0-6Y, n. That part of natural history which treats of reptiles. ERR, V. i. [L. erro.] 1. To wander from the right way ; to deviate from the true course or purpose. 2. To miss the right way, in morals or religion ; to deviate from the path or line of duty ; to stray by design or mistake. 3. To mis- take ; to commit error. 4. To wander ; to ramble. ERR, V. t. To mislead ; to cause to err. Burton. ERR'A-BLE, a. Liable to mistake ; fallible. [Little used.] ERR'A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to mistake or error. * ER'RAND, n. [Sax. cerend.] 1. A verbal message ; a man- date or order ; something to be told or done. 2. Any special business to be transacted by a messenger. ER'RANT, a. [Yx. errant.] 1. Wandering ; roving ; ram- bling ; applied particularly to knights, who, in the middle ages, wandered about to seek adventures ar.d display their heroism and generosity, called knights errant. 2. Devi- ating from a certain course. 3. Itinerant; [©60.] ER'RANT-RY, n, I. A wandering; a roving or rambling about. Addison. 2. The employment of a knight enanl. ER-RAT'I€, a. [L. erraticus.] 1. Wandering; having no certain course ; roving about without a fixed destination. 2. Moving; not fixed or stationary. 3. Iriregular; mu- table. ER-RAT'I€, 71, A rogue, Cockcram. ER-RAT'I-eAL, a. Uncertain ; keeping no regular order Bp. Hall. ER-RAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Without rule; irregularlv Broion. t ER-Ra'TION, n. A wandering. ER-Ra'TUM, n. j plu. Errata. An error or mistake in writing or printing. ER'RHlNE, (er'rine) a. [Gr. eppivov.] Affecting the nose, or to be snuffed into the nose ; occasioning discharges from the nose. ER'llHiNE, (er'rine) n. A medicine to be snuffed up the nose, to promote discharges of mucus. ERR'ING, ppr. Wandering from the truth or the right way , mistaking ; irregular. ER-Ro'NE-OUS, a. [L. erroneus.] 1. Wandering ; roving ; unsettled, 2. Deviating ; devious ; irregular. 3. Mis- taking ; misled ; deviating, by mistake, firom the truth. 4. Wrong ; false ; mistaken ; not conformable to truth ; erring from truth or justice. ER-Ro'NE-OUS-LY, adv. By mistake ; not rightly. ER-Ro'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being erroneous , deviation from right ; inconformity to truth. ER'ROR, 72 . [L. error.] 1. A wandering or deviation from the truth ; a mistake in judgment, by which men assent to or believe what is not true. 2. A mistake made in writing or other performance. 3. A wandering ; irregular course. 4. Deviation from law, justice or right ; oversight ; mis- take in conduct. — 5. In Scripture and theology, sin ; in- iquity ; transgression, — 6. In laic, a mistake in pleading or in judgment. A writ of error is a writ founded on an alledged error in judgment, wliich carries the suit to another tribunal for redress. ER^ROR, V. t. To determine a judgment of court to be er- roneous, [JVot well authorized.] •ERS, or Bitter Vetch, n. A plant, ERSE, n. The language of the descendants of the Gaels or Celts, in the highlands of Scotland. ERSH, or EARSH, n. The stubble after corn is cut, ERST, a£?u. [Sax, ffiresf.] I, First; at first; at the beginning. 2. Once ; formerly ; long ago. 3. Before ; till then or now ; hitherto ; [obsolete, except in poetry.] t ERST'WHILE, adv. Till then or now ; formeriy. iSR-U-BES'CENCB, n. [L. erubescens, erubesco, from rulsn, to be red.] A becoming red ; redness of the skin or sm-- face of anv thing ; a blushing. ER-U-BES'CENT, a. Red, or reddish ; blushing, E-RUCT', I V. t. [L, eructo.] To belch ; to eject from E-RU€T'ATE, \ the stomach, as wind. [Little used.] E-RU€-Ta'TI0N, n. [L. eructatio.] 1. The act of belching wind from the stomach ; a belch. 2. A violent bursting forth or ejection of wind or other matter from the earth. Woodvard. *ER'U-DiTE, a. [L. eruditus.] Instructed; taught; learn- ed. Chesterfield. ER-U-DI"TION, n. Learning ; knowledge gained by study, or from books and instruction ; particularly, learning in literature, as distinct from the sciences. E-Ru'GIN-OUS, a. [L. wruginosus.] Partaking of the sub- stance or nature of copper, or the rust of copper ; resem- bling rust. t E-RUPT', V. i. To burst forth. E-RUP'TION, n. [L. eruptio.] 1. The act of breaking or bursting forth from inclosure or confinement ; a violent emission of any thing, particularly of flames and lava from a volcano, 2, A sudden or violent mshing forth of men or troopF for invasion ; sudden excursion. 3. A burst of voice; violent exclamation. — 4. In medical science, a breaking out of humors ; a copious excretion of humors ou the skin, in pustules. E-RUP'TIVE, a. I. Bursting forth. 2. Attended tvitll eruptions or efflorescence, or producing it. E-RYN'GO, n. [Gr. vpvyyiov.] The sea-holly, ertjngiwm. ER-Y-SIP'E-LAS, n. [Gr. tpvaintXas .] A disease called St Anthomfs fire ; an eruption of a fiery acrid humor, on some part of the body, but chiefly on the face. ER-Y-SI-PEL'A-TOUS, a. Eruptive ; resembling ei^sipe- las, or partaking of its nature. ES-€A-LaDE', 71. [Fr.] In the military art, a fmious attack made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are used to pass a ditch, or mount a rampart. ES-CA-LaDE', v. t. To scale ; to mount and pass or enter by means of ladders. Life of Wellington. ES-CAL'OP, (skol lup) or SCOL'LOP, n, [D. schulp.] 1. A • Sed Synopsis MCVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aia in this, f Obsolete. ESC 308 ESS fkraily of bivalvular shell-fish. 2. A regular curving inden- ture in the margin of any thing. See Scallop and Scollop. ES-€A-PaDE', 71. [Fr.] Tlie fling of a horse. E-S€aPE', v. t. [Fr. echapper.] 1. To flee from and avoid ; to get out of the way j to shun ; to obtain security from ; to pass without harm. 2. To pass unobserved j to evade. 3. To avoid the danger of. E-SeAPE', V. i. 1. To flee, shun and be secure from danger j to avoid an evil. 2. To be passed without harm. E-S€aPE', n. 1. Flight to shun danger or injury; the act of fleeing from danger. 2. A being passed without re- ceiving injury. 3. Excuse ; subterfuge ; evasion.— 4. In law, an evasion of legal restraint or the custody of the sherifi", without due course of law. 5. Sally ; flight ; ir- regularity. 6. Oversight ; mistake. E-SCaPE'MENT, n. That part of a clock or watch, which regulates its movements. E-S€aP'ER, n. One who gets out of danger. E-S€aP'ING, ppr. Fleeing from and avoiding danger or evil ; being passed unobserved or unhurt ; shunning ; evading ; securing safety ; quitting the custody of the law, without warrant. E-S€aP'ING, n. Avoidance of danger. Ezra ix. ES-CaR'GA-TOIRE, 71. [Fr.] A nursery of snails. ES-OABP', V. t. [Fr. escarper.l To slope ; to form a slope ; a military term. Carleton. ES-€ARFMENT, n. A slope ; a steep declivity. ES-CHA-LoT^, (shal-loteO n. [Fr. echalotc] A species of small onion or garlic, belonging to the genus allium. ES'CHAR, n. [Gr. eaxapa.] 1. In surgery, the crust or scab occasioned by burns of caustic applications. 2. A species of coralline, ES-€HA-ROT'I€, a. Caustic ; having the power of searing or destroying the flesh. ES-€HA-ROT'I€, n. A caustic application. Coxe. ES-CHeAT', n. [Fr. echeoir.] 1. Any land or tenements which casually fall or revert to the lord within his manor, through failure of heirs. — 2. In the United States, the fall- ing or passing of lands and tenements to the state, through failure of heirs or forfeiture, or in cases where no owner is found. 3. The place or circuit within which the king or lord is entitled to escheats. 4. A writ to recover es- cheats from the person in possession. 5. The lands which fall to the lord or state by escheat. — 6. In Scots law, the forfeiture incurred by a man's being denounced a rebel._ ES-CHeAT', v. i. 1. In England, to revert, as land, to the lord of a manor, by means of the extinction of the blood of the tenant. — 2. In America, to fall or come, as land, to the state, through failure of heirs or owners, or by forfeit- ure for treason. tES-CHEAT', v.t. To forfeit. Bp. Hall. ES-CHeAT'A-BLE, a. Liable to escheat. ES-CHeAT'A6E, n. The right of succeeding to an escheat. ES-CHeAT'ED, pp. Having fallen to the lord through want of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by forfeiture. ES-CHeAT'ING, ppr. Revelling to the lord through failure of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by for- feiture. ES-CHeAT'OR, n. An ofiicer who observes the escheats of the king in the county whereof he is escheator. ES-CHEW, V. t. [Norm, eschever.l To flee from ; to shun ; to avoid. [J\rearly obs.'] ES-CHEW'ED, (es-chewdi) pp. Shunned ; avoided. ES-CHEW'ING, ppr. Shunning; avoiding. ES-€o'CHEON, w. [Fr.] The shield of the family. ES'€ORT, n. [Fr. escorte.] A guard ; a body of armed men which attends an officer, or baggage, provisions or mu- nitions conveyed by land from place to place, to protect them. — This word is rarely, and never properly, used for naval protection or protectors ; the latter we call a con- voy. ES-OORT', V. t. To attend and guard by land. ES-eORT'ED, pp. Attended and guarded by land. ES-€ORT'ING, ppr. Attending and guarding by land. ES-€OT' See Scot. ES-€OU-aDE'. See Squad. ES-€0UT'. See Scout. tES-€RIPT, 71. [Fr. escript.] A writing; a schedule. Cockeram. ES-€RI-T0IR', Ces-kre-twor') n. [Sp. escritorio ; Fr. ecri- toire.] A box with instruments and conveniences for writing. It is often pronounced scrutoir. ES'ORoW, 71. [Fr. ecrou.] In law, a deed of lands or tene- ments delivered to a third person, to hold till some condi- tion is performed by the grantee. ES'€U-A6E, 71. [from Fr. ecu.] In feudal law, service of the shield, called also scutage ; a species of tenure by knight service, by which a tenant was bound to follow his lord to war : afterwards exchanged for a pecuniary satisfaction ES-€U-La'PI-AN, a. [from ^sculapius.] Medical ; per- taining to the healing art. Young. ES'€U-LENT, a. [L. esculentus.] Eatable ; that is nr may be used by man for food. ES'€U-LENT, n. Something that is eatable. ES-€U'RI-AL, 71. The palace of the king of Spain. The Escurial is a famous monastery built by Philip II. in the shape of a gridiron, in honor of St. Laurence. ES-€UTCH'EON, n. [Fr. ecusson.] The shield on which a coat of arms is represented ; the shield of a family ; the picture of ensigns armorial. ES-€UTCH'EONED, a. Having a coat of arms or ensign. ESH, n. Ash. Craven dialed. ESH'LAR, n [Fr echeler.] Ashlar; stones walled in course by scale Craven dialect. t ES-LOIN', V. t. [Fr. eloigner.'] To remove. E-SOPH-A-GOT'0-MY, n. [L. esophagus, and Gr. ToyLTj.'] In surgery, the operation of making an incision into the esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign sub- stance. E-SOPH'A-GUS, n. [Gr. oiGOipayo^.] The gullet ; the canal through which food and drink pass to the stomach. E-So'Pl-AN, a. [from ^sop.] Pertaining to iEsop. ES-0-TER'I€, a. [Gr. ftrwrepos.] Private ; an epithet ap plied to the private instructions and doctrines of Pythago- ras ; opposed to exoteric, or public. E-SOT'ER-Y, n. Mystery ; secrecy. [Little tised.] ES-PAL'IER, 71. [Fr. espalier.] A row of trees planted about a garden or in hedges. ES-PAL'IER, V. t. To form an espalier. ES-PIR'CET, n. A kind of sainfoin. Mortimer. E-SPE"CIAL, a. [Fr. special.] Principal ; chief; particulai E.SPE"CIAL-LY, adv. Principally ; chiefly ; particularly : in an uncommon degree. E-SPE"CIAL-NESS, n. The state of being especial. t ES'PE-RANCE, n. [Fr.] Hope. Shak. E-SPl'AL, n. A spy; the act of espying. Elyot. E-SPi'ER, n. One who watches like a spy. Harmar. ES'PI-NEL, 71. A kind of ruby. See Spinel. ES'PI-0-NA6E, n. [Fr.] The practice or employment of spies ; the practice of watching others without being sus- pected, and giving intelligence of discoveries made. ES-PLA-NaDE', n. [Fr.] 1. In fortification, the glacis of the counterscarp, or the sloping of the parapet of the cov- ered-way towards the country ; or the void space between the glacis of a citadel and the first houses of the town.— 2. In gardening, a grass-plat. E-SPOUS'AL, a. Used in or relating to the act of espousing or betrothing. Bacon, E-SPOUS'AL, n, 1. The act of espousing or betrothing. 2 Adoption ; protection. E-SPOUS'ALS, 71. plu. The act of contracting or affian- cing a man and woman to each other ; a contract or mu- tual promise of marriage. E-SPOUSE', v. t. [Fr. epouser,] 1. To betroth. 2. To be- troth ; to promise or engage in marriage, by contract in writing, or by some pledge. 3. To marry ; to wed. 4. To unite intimately or indissolubly. 5. To embrace ; to take to one's self, with a view to maintain. E-SPOUS'ED, (e-spowzd') pp. Betrothed ; affianced ; prom- ised in marriage by contract ; married ; united intimately ; embraced. E-SPOUS'ER, 71. One who espouses. E-SPOUS'ING, ppr. Betrothing ; marrying ; uniting indis- solubly ; taking part in. E-SPy', v. t. [Fr. epier, espier.] 1. To see at a distance ; to have the first sight of a thing remote. 2. To see or discover something intended to be hid. 3. To discover unexpectedly. 4. To inspect narrowly ; to examine and make discoveries. E-SP^', V, i. To look narrowly ; to look about ; to watch. E-SPY'^ n, A spy ; a scout. E-SClUlRE', n. [Fr. ecuyer.] Properly, a shield-bearer or armor-bearer, scutifer ; an attendant on a knight. Hence, in modern times, a title of dignity next in degree below a knight. In the United States, the title is given to public officers of all degrees, from governors down to justices and attorneys. Indeed the title, in addressing letters, is bestowed on any person at pleasure, and is merely an ex- pression of respect. E-SaUiRE', V. t. To attend ; to wait on. ES-SaY', v.t. [Fr. essayer.] 1. To try; to attempt; to endeavor ; to exert one's power. 2. To make experi- ment of. 3. To try the value and purity of metals. «ee Assay, ESSaY, n. 1. A trial; attempt; endeavor; an effort made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance of any thing. — 2. In literature, a composition intended to prove or illustrate a particular subject. 3. A trial or ex- periment. 4. Trial or experiment to prove the qualities of a metal. [See Assay.] 5. First taste of any thing. ES-SaY'ED, (es-sade') pp. Attempted ; tried. ES-SaY'ER, n. One who writes essays. Addison. ES-SaY'ING, ppr. Trying ; making an effort. * ES-SaY'IST, 71, A writer of an essay, or of essays. * See Synopsis 5 E, I, 0, tj, Y, long.—FKVi. FALL, WHAT ;~-PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete EST 309 ETE ES SENCE, n. [L. essentia ; Fr. essence.] 1. That which constitutes the particular nature of a being or substance, or of a genus, and which distinguishes it from all others. 2. Formal existence ; that which makes any thing to be what it is 5 or, rather, the peculiar nature of a thing ; the very substance. 3. Existence j the quality of being. 4. A being ; an existent person. 5. Species of being. 6. Constituent substance. 7. The predominant qualities or virtues of any plant or drug, extracted, refined or rectified from grosser matter ; 01, more strictly, a volatile essential oil. 8. Perfume, odor, scent j or the volatile matter con- stituting perfume. ES'SENCE, V. t. To perfume ; to scent. ES'SENCED, pp. Perfumed. Addison. ES-SeNES', 71. Among the Jews, a sect remarkable for their strictness and abstinence. ES-SEN'TIAL, a. [L. essentialis.] 1. Necessary to the constitution or existence of a thing. 2. Important in the highest degree. 3. Pure,; highly rectified, ES-SEN'TIAL, n. 1. Existence 3 being ; [little usedt] 2. First or constituent principles. 3. The chief point ; that which is most important. ES-SEN-TI-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being essential ; first or constituent principles. Sioift. ES-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. By the constitution of nature 3 in essence. 2. In an important degree. t ES-SEN'TIAL-NESS, n. The state or quality of being essential. Ld^ Digby. ES-KEN'TIATE, v. i. To become of the same essence. ES-SEN'TIATE, v. t. To form the essence or being of. ES-SOIN', 11. [Old Fr. exonier, essonier.] 1. An excuse ; the alledging of an excuse for him who is summoned to appear in court. 2. Exemption. 3. He that is excused for non-appearance in court, at the day appointed. ES-SOIN', V. t. To allow an excuse for non-appearance in court ; to excuse for absence. Cowcl. ES-SOIN'ER, 71. An attorney who sufliciently excuses the absence of another. E-STAB'LISH, v. t. [Fr. etablir.] 1. To set and fix firmly or unalterably ; to settle permanently. 2. To found per- manently ; to erect and fix or settle. 3. To enact or de- cree by authority and for permanence 3 to ordain 3 to ap- point. 4. To settle or fix 3 to confirm. 5. To make firm ; to confirm 3 to ratify. 6. To settle or fix what is waver- ing, doubtful or weak 3 to confirm. 7. To confirm 3 to fulfill 3 to make good. 8. To set up in the place of an- other, and confirm. E-STAB'LISHED, pp. Set 3 fixed firmly 3 founded ; ordain- ed 3 enacted ; ratified 3 confirmed. E-STAB'LISH-ER, n. He who establishes or confirms. E-STAB'LISH-ING, ppr. Fixing ; settling permanently 3 founding; ratifying 3 confirming; ordaining. E-STAB'LISH-MENT, n. [Fr. etablissement.] 1. The act of establishing. 2. Settlement ; fixed state. 3. Confir- mation ; ratification. 4. Settled regulation ; form ; ordi- nance ; system of laws 3 constitution of government. 5. Fixed or stated allowance for subsistence ; income 3 sal- ary. 6. That which is fixed or established 3 as a perma- nent military force, a fixed garrison, a local government, an agency, a factory, &c. 7. The episcopal form of reli- gion, so called in England. 8. Settlement or final rest. ES-TA-FET', n. [Sp. estafcta.] A military courier. E-STaTE', n. [Fr. etat.] 1. In a general sense, fixedness 3 a fixed condition 3 now generally written and pronounced state. 2. Condition or circumstances of any person or thing, whether high or low. 3. Rank 3 quality.— 4. In law, the interest, or quantity of interest, a man has in lands, tenements, or other effects. 5. Fortune 3 possessions 3 property in general. 6. The general business or interest of government 3 a political body 3 a commonwealth 5 a republic. [See State.] — Estates, in the plural. 1. Domin- ions 3 possessions of a prince. 2. Orders or classes of men in society or government. E-STaTE', v. t. 1. To settle as a fortune. Shak. 2. To establish ; {little used."] E-STaT'ED, pp. or a. Possessing an estate. Swift. E-STEEM, v.t. [Fr. estimer.'] 1. To set a value on, whether high or low; to estimate; to value. 2. To prize ; to set a high value on ; to regard with reverence, respect or friendship. 3. To hold in opinion 3 to repute 3 to think. 4. To compare in value 3 to estimate by pro- portion. E-STEEM', v. i. To consider as to value. Spenser. E-STEEM', 71. 1. Estimation 3 opinion or judgment jf merit or demerit. 2. High value or estimation 3 grea regard 3 favorable opinion. E-STEEM'A-BLE, a. Worthy of esteem 3 estimable. E-STEEM'ED, (e-steemd') pp. Valued 5 estimated 3 highly valued ; thought ; held in opinion. E-STEEM'ER, n. One who esteems. Locke. E-STEEM'ING, ppr. Valuing ; estimating ; valuing highly ; prizing ; thinking ; deeming. ES'TI-MA-BLE, a. [Fr>l 1. That is capable of being esti- mated or valued. 2. Valuable ; worth a great price. 3. Worthy of esteem or respect ; deserving our good opiniott or regard. ES'TI-MA-BLE, n. That which is worthy of regard. ES'TI-MA-BLE-NESS, 71. Thequality of deserving esteem. ES'TI-MATE, V. t. [L. cestimo.] 1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of; to rate by judgment. 2. To compute ; to calculate ; to reckon. ES'TI-xMATE, 71. 1. A valuing or rating in the mind ; a judgment or opinion of the value, degree, extent or quan tity of any thing. 2. Value. Shak. ES'TI-MA-TED, pp. Valued 3 rated in judgment. ES'TI-MA-TING, ppr. Valuing 5 rating 3 forming an opin- ion or judgment of the value, extent, quantity or degree of worth of any object 3 calculating 5 computing. ES-TI-MA'TION, n. [L. cestimatio.] 1. The act of estima- ting. 2. Calculation 5 computation 3 an opinion or judg- ment of any thing. 3. Esteem 5 regard 3 favorable opin- ion 3 honor. ES'TI-MA-TlVE, a. 1. Having the power of comparing and adjusting the worth or preference 3 [little used.} 2. Imaginative. ES'TI-MA-TOR, n. One who estimates or values. ES'TI-VAL, a. [L. astivus.] Pertaining to summer. ES'TI-VATE, V. i. To pass the summer. ES-TI-Va'T10N, 71.- [L. (Bstivatio.] 1. The act of passing the summer. — 2. In botany, the disposition of the petal3 within the floral gem or bud. ES-TOP', V. t. [Fr. etouper.] In law, to impede or bar, by one's own act. ES-TOP'PED, (e-stopf) pp. Hindered 3 barred. ES-TOP'PING, ppr. Impeding ; barring by one's own act, ES-TOP'PEL, n. In laic, a stop; a plea in bar, grounded on a man's own act or deed, which estops or precludes himfrom averring any thing to the contrary. ES-To'VERS, 71. [Norm, estoffer.] In law, necessaries, 01 supplies ; a reasonable allowance out of lands or goods for the use of a tenant. ES-TRaDE', n. [Fr.l An even or level place. Diet. ES-TRaNgE', v. t. [Fr. ctr anger.} 1 To keep at a dis- tance ; to witlidraw ; to cease to frequent and be familiar with. 2. To alienate ; to divert from its original use or possessor. 3. To alienate, as the affections ; to turn from kindness to indifference or malevolence. 4. To with- draw ; to withhold. ES-*rRANG'ED, (e-stranjd') pp. Withdrawn 3 alienated. ES-TRaNG'ED-NESS, 71. The state of being estranged, Prynne. ES-TRaN6E'MENT, 7?., Alienation ; a keeping at a dis- tance ; removal ; voluntary abstraction. ES-TRaNG'ING, ppr. Alienating ; withdrawing ; keeping at or removing to a distance. ES-TRA-PaDE', 7). [Yr.strapjwdo.] The deffense of a horse that will not obey, and which, to get rid of his rider, rises before and yerks furiously with his hind legs. ES-TRAY', V. i. To stray. See Stray. ES-TRaY', n. [Norm, estr ay er.} A tame beast, as a horse, ox or sheep, which is found wandering or without an owner See Stray. ES-TRkAT', 71. [Norm, estraite.} In law, a true copy of an original writing. ES-TReAT', v. i. To extract ; to copy. Blackstone. ES-TReAT'ED, pp. Extracted ; copied. ES-TRePE'MENT, n. [Norm, estreper.} In law, spoil j waste ; a stripping of land by a tenant, to the prejudice of the owner. ES'TRICH, n. The ostrich, which see. t ES'TU-ANCE, 71. [L. mstus.} Heat. Brown. ES'TU-A-RY, 71. [L, (Bstuarium.} 1. An arm of the sea ; a frith 3 a narrow passage, or the mouth of a river or lake, where the tide meets the current, or flows and ebbs. 2. A vapor-bath. ES'TU-ATE, V. i. [L. cestuo.} To boil 5 to swell and rage j to be agitated. ES-TU-A'TION, n. A boiling 3 agitation. Brown. t EST-URE', 71. [L. cestuo.} Violence ; commotion. E-StJ'RI-ENT, a. [L. esuriens.} Inclined to eat ; hungry. ES'U-RINE, a. Eating ; corroding. [Little used.} ET C^T'E-RA, and the contraction etc., denote the rest, or others of the kind ; and so on ; and so forth, ETCH, V. t. [G. etzen.} 1. To make prints on copper-plate by means of lines or strokes first drawn, and then eaten or corroded by nitric acid. 2. To sketch ; to delineate j [not in use.l^Locke. ETCH, V. i. To practice etching. ETCH, or ED'DISH, n. Ground from which a crop has been taken. Mortimer. ETCH'ED, (etcht) pp. Marked and corroded by nitric acid. ETCH'ING, ppr. Marking or making prints with nitric acid. ETCH'ING, 71. The impression taken from an etched cop- per-plate. ET-E-OS'TI€, 71. [Gr. eteos and «rri;)^of .] A chronogram- matical composition. B. Jonson. t E-TERN', a. Eternal ; perpetual ; endless. Shak. * See Synopm. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL. UN ITE.— C as K -, 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. ETW 310 EUR E TER'NAL, a. [Fr. eternel ; 'L. aternus.'] 1. Without be- ginning or end of existence. 2. Without beginning of existence. 3. Without end of existence or duration ; everlasting ; endless ; immortal. 4. Perpetual ; cease- less ; continued without intermission. 5. Unchangeable ; existing at all tunes without change. E-TEil'i\ALj n. An appellation of God. Milton. E-l'SE-NAL-IST, n. One wlio holds the past existence of the world to be infinite. Burnet. \ E-TER'NAL-iZE, v. t. To make eternal ; to give endless duration to. [We now use eternize.'] E TER'NAL-LY, ado. 1. Without beginning or end of du- ration, or without end only. ;:'. Unchangeably ; invaria- bly ; at all tjmes. 3. Perpetually ; without intermission. E TER'NI-FY, v. t. To make iamons ; to hnmortalize. E TER'JSfl-TY, n. [L. ceternitas.-] I>aration or continuance without beginning or end. e TER'NIZE, V. t. [Fr. eternise.'] 1. To make endless. 2. To continue the existence or duration of indefinitely ; to perpetuate. 3. To make forever famous ; to immortalize. £-TER'i\iZED, rp- i^ade endless ; immortalized. E-TER'NTZ-ING, pvr. Giving endless duration to. E-TE'SIAN, (e-t5'znan) a. [\.. etesius.] Stated; blowmgat stated times of the year; periodical. Encyc. I eTHE, a. Easy. Chaucer. t E'THEL, a. iSIobie. K'THER, 71. [L. atther.] 1. A thin, subtil matter, much finer and rarer than air, which, some philosophers sup- pose, begins from the limits of the atmosphere, and occu- pies the heavenly space. J'Tswton.—^. la. chemistry, a very light, volatile and inflammable fluid, produced by the dis- tillation of alcohol or rectified spirit of wine, with an acid. E-THe'RE-AE, G. 1. Formed of ether ; containing or filled with ether. 2. Heavenly ; celestial. 3. Consisting of ether or spirit. E-THe'RE-AL-iZS, v. t. To convert into ether, or into a very subtil fluid. E-THeRE-AL-IZED, pp. Converted into ether. E-THE'RE-OUS, a. Formed of ether ; heavenly. Milton. E'THER-lZE, V. t. To convert into ether. Med. Rep. E'THiER-iZED, pp. Converted into ether. E'THER-lZ-ING, ppr. Converting into ether. ETH'ie, I a. [L. ethicus.] Relating to manners or ETH'I-€AL, \ morals ; treating of morality ; delivermg precepts of morality. ETH'1-€AL-LY, adv. According to the doctrines of morality. ETH'ICS, n. 1. The doctrines of morality ; the science of moral philosophy. 2. A system of moral principles ; a _ system of rules for regulating the actions of men. E THI-OP, n. A native of Ethiopia ; a blackamoor. Shak. E'THI-OPS MaR'TIAL. Black oxyd of iron. E'THI-OPS MIN'ER-AL. A combination of mercury and sulphur. ETH'MOID, I a. [Gr. 176/^0? and eiSos.] Resembling a ETH-MOID'AL, \ sieve. ETH'MOID, n. A bone at the top of the root of the nose. ETH'NIC, I a. [L. ethnicus.] 1. Heathen ; pagan ; per- ETH'Nf=€AL, ) taining to the gentiles or nations not converted to Christianity. 2. Relating to the races or classes of mankind. ETH'NIC, n. A heathen ; a pagan. ETH'NI-CISM, n. Heathenism ; paganism ; idolatry. ETH-NO-GRAPH'I-CAL, a. [Gr. edvog and ypa?9oj, and Xoyoj.] A treatise on morality, or the science of ethics. E'TIO-LATE, V. i. [Gr. aidu).] To become white or whiter ; to be whitened. E'TIO-LATE, V. t. To blanch ; to whiten by excluding the sun's ravs. E'TIO-LA-TED, pp. Blanched ; whitened by excluding the _ sun's rays. E'TIO-L A-TING, ppr. Blanching ; whitening by excluding the sun's rays. E-TIO-La'TION, n. The operation of being whitened, or of becoming white, by excluding the light of the sun. E-TI0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to etiology. Jlrbuthnot. E-TT-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. aina and Aoyo?.] An account of the causes of any thing, particularly of diseases. ET-f-Q.UET', (et-e-kef) 71. [Fr. etiquette.'] Forms of cer- emony or decorum ; the forms which are observed to- wards particular persons, or in particular places. STITE, n. TGr. atroi.] Eaglestone. ET-Ne'AN, a. [from ^t7?a.] Pertaining to Etna. fET'TIN, n. A giant. Beaumont. I ET'TLE, V. t. To earn. Boucher. It W^E^*"^^'^ I "• ^^'' ^*"^'^ ^ '^'^^^ ^^^ pocket instru- ET-WEE''-€XSE, ) ™®°*^- t ET-Y-M0L'0-6ER, n. An etymologist, Griffith. ET-Y-M0-L06'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to etymology or the derivation of words ; according to or by means of ety- mology. El'-Y-MO-LOG'I-eAL-LY, adv. According to etymology. ET-Y-M0L'0-6IST, n. One versed in etymology ; one who searches into the original of words. ET-Y-M0L'0-6lZE, v. i. To search into the origin of words ; to deduce words from their simple roots. ET-Y-M0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. ervyLOs and Aoyoj.] 1. That part of philology which explains the origin and derivation of words. — In grammar, etymology comprehends the various inflections and modifications of words. 2. The deduc- tion of words from their originals ; the' analysis of ccm- pound words into their primitives. ET'Y-MON, 71. [Gr. £Ti)^oj/.] An original root ir primitive word. EtJ'CHA-RIST, n. [Gr. £u%apt«7rta.] 1. The sacrament of the Lord's supper. 2. The act of giving thanks. EU-€HA-RIS'Ti€, \ a. 1. Containing expressions of EU-€HA-RIS'TI-€AL, \ thanks. 2. Pertaining to the Lord's supper. EU-€HLo'RI€ GAS. The samb ^ euchlorine. Davy. EU-CHLo'RINE, 71. In chemistry, protoxyd of chlorine. EU-€HOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. evxo'>^oyiov.] A formulary of prayers ; the Greek ritual. Eu'€HY-MY, 71. [Gr. evxvjxia.} A good state of the blood and other fluids of the body. EU-€HY-SID'ER-ITE, n. A mineral. Eu'CLASE, n. A mineral, a species of emerald. Eu'CRA-SY, n. [Gr. ev and Kpaais.] In medicine, such a due or well proportioned mixture of qualities in bodies, as tends to constitute health or soundness. Eu€'TI-CAL, a. Containing acts of thanksgiving. Made. EU'DI-AL-YTE, 72. A mineral of a brownish-red color. EU-DI-OM'E-TER, 71'. [Gr. evSios, ev, 6ios and nerpov.] An instrument for ascertaining the purity of the air. EU-DI-0-MET'RI€, ) a. Pertaining to a eudiometer ; EU-DI-0-MET'RI-€AL, ] performed or ascertained by a eudiometer. EU-DI-OM'E-TRY, n. The art or practice of ascertaining the purity of the air by the eudiometer. t EtJ'GE, n. Applause. Hammond. EUGH, n. A tree. See Yew. EU-HAR-MON'I€, a. [Gr. £v, and harmonic.'] Producing harmony or concordant sounds. EU-KAI'RITE, n. [Gr. evKaipos.] Cupreous seleniuret of silver, a mineral of a shining lead-gray color. EU-L0G'I-€AL ( **• Containing praise ; commendatory. EU-L06'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner which conveys en- comium or praise. Eu LO-GIST, n. One wlio praises and commends another. EU-Lo'6l-UM, n. A eulogy. Eu'LO-GiZE, V. t. To praise ; to speak or write in com- mendation of another ; to extol. Eu'LO-GlZED, pp. Praised; commended. Eu'L0-6lZ-ING, pfr. Writing or speaking in praise of. Eu'L0-6Y, n. [Gr. tv\oyia.] Praise ; encomium ; pan • egyric ; a speech or writing in commendation of a person. Eu'NO-MY, 71. |Gr. evvoyia.] Equal law, or a well adjust- ed constitution of government. Mitford. Eu'NUCH, n. [Gr. tvvov)(ps.] A male of the human species castrated. t Eu'NUCH, V. t. To make a eunuch. Creech. EU'NUCH-ATE, v. t. To make a eunuoh ; to castrate. Eu'NU€H-ISM, 71. The state of being a eunuch. EU-ON'Y-MUS, 71. [L.] A shrub c&Ued spindle-tree. EU'PA-THY, n. [Gr. evnaeeia.] Right feeling. Harris. Eu'PA-TO-RY, 71. [L. eupatorium.] The hemp agrimo- ny. EU-PEP'SY, 71. [Gr £vireTJ,ia.] Good concoction in the stomach ; good digestion. EU-PEP'TI€, a. Having good digestion. EU'PHE-MISM, 71. [Gr. EvfrjixiciJiOi.] A representation of good qualities ; particularly, in r-hetoric, a figure by which a delicate word or expression is substituted for one which is offensive. EU-PHON'ie, ) a. Agreeable in sound ; pleasing to the EU-PHON'I-€AL, ( ear. Eu'PHO-NY, 71. [Gr. eu^wvia.] An agreeable sound ; an easy, smooth enunciation of sounds. EU-PHOR'BI-A, 71. [Gr. tv(pop^t.a.] In 'botany, spurge, or bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species. EU-PHOR'BI-UM, 71. [L.] In materia medica, a gummi- resinous substance, exuding from an oriental tree. Eu'PHO-TIDE, 71. A name given by the French to the ag- gregate of diallage and saussurite. EtJ'PHRA-SY, n. Eyebright, a genus of plants. EU-Ri'PUS, 71. [Gr. svpiiros.] A strait ; a narrow tract cf water. * Se] To empty. Harvey. E-Vi\.€'U-ANT, a. [L. evacuaiis.] Emptying ; freeing from. E-VA€'U-ANT, n. A medicine which procures evacua- tions, or promotes the natural secretions and excretions. ,E-VA€'U-ATE, V. «. {li. evacuo.] 1. To make empty ; to free from any thing contained. 2. 1 o throw out ; to eject ; to void ; to discharge. 3. To empty ; to free from con- tents. 4. To quit 3 to withdraw from a place. 5. To make void ; to nullify. E-VA€'U-A-TED, pp. Emptied ; cleared ; freed from the contents ; quitted, as by an army or garrison ; ejected ; discharged ; vacated. E-VA€'D-A-TING, ppr. Emptying ; making void or va- cant ; witl) drawing from. E-VA€--U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of emptying or clearing of the contents ; the act of withdrawing from, as an army or garrison. 2. Discharges by stool or otlier natural means ; a diminution of the fluids of an animal body. o. Abolition ; nullification. E-VA€'fJ-A-TlVE, a. That evacuates. E-VA€'U-A-TOR, n. One that makes void. Hamviovd. E-VaDE', ?,'. f. [h. evado.] ]. To avoid by dexterity. 2. To avoid or escape by artifice or stratagem ; to slip away ; to elude. 3. To elude by subterfuge, sophistry, address or ingenuity. 4. To escape as imperceptible. E-VaDE', v. i. 1. To escape ; to slip away. 2. To attempt to escape ; to practice artifice or sophistry for the purpose of eluding. E-VaD'kD, pp. Avoided ; eluded. E-VaD'ING, ppr. Escaping ; avoiding ; eluding ; slipping away from danger, pursuit or attack. EV-A-Ga'TION, n. [L. eimgatio.] The act of wandering j excursion ; a roving or rambling. fE'VAL, a. [L. csvum.] Relating to time or duration. EV-A-NES'CENCE, n. [L. evanescens.] 1. A vanishing ; a gradual departure from sight or possession. 2. The state of being liable to vanish. EV-A-NESfCENT, a. Vanishing ; subject to vanishing ; fleeting ; passing away ; liable to dissipation. t E-VAN'GEL, n. [L. evangeliwrn.] The gospel. Chaucer. t EV-AN-GE'LI-AN, a. Rendering thanks for favors. E-VAN-6EL'ie, ) a. [Low L. evangelicus.] 1. Ac- E-VAN-, t. [L. eversv^.] To overthrow or subvert. Glanville. E-VER'SION, 71. [L. eversio.'] An overthrowing ; destruc- tion. Taylor. E-VERT'^ V. t. [L. everto.] To overturn ; to overthrow ; to destroy. [Little used.] Aylijfe. EV-ER-WaK'ING, a. Alwavs awake. EV-ER-WATCH'FUL, a. Always watching or vigilant. EVER-Y, a. [Old Eng. verich ; Sax. cefre and (bIc] Each individual of a whole < illection or aggregate number. EV'ER-Y-DaY, a. Use •" or being every day ; common ; usual. EVER-Y-"\VHERE, adv. In every place ; in all places. EV-ER-Y6UNG^, a. Always young or fresh ; not subject to old age or decay ; undecaying. KVES'-DROP. See Eaves-drop. EVES'-DROP-PER, 7i. One who stands under the eaves to listen privatelv. See Eaves-dropper. tE-VES'TI-GATE, v.t. See Investigate. EVET. See Eft. t E-Vi'BRATE. See Vibrate. E-VICT', V. t. [L. evinco, evictiim.] 1. To dispossess by a judicial process, or course of legal proceedings ; to recover lands or tenements by law. 2. To take away by sen- tence of law. 3. To evince ; to prove ; [not used.] E-YICT'ED, pp. Dispossessed by sentence of law ; recov- ered by legal process. E-VI€T'ING, ppr. Dispossessing by course of law. E-VICTION, 71. 1. Dispossession by judicial sentence ; the recovery of lands or tenements from another's posses- sion by due course of law. 2. Proof; conclusive evi- dence. EV'I-DENCE, 71. [Fr., from L. evidentia.] 1. That which elucidates, and enables the mind to see truth ; proof aris- ing from our own perceptions by the senses, or from the testimony of others, or from inductions of reason 2. Any instrument or writing which contains proof. 3. A wit- ness ; one who testifies to a fact. EV'I-DENCE, V. t. To elucidate ; to prove ; to make clecir to the mind ; to show. EV'I-DENCED, pp. Made clear to the mind; proved. EV'I-DEN-CING, ppr. Proving clearly ; manifesting. EVI-DENT, a. Plain; open to be seen ; clear to the men ■ tal eye ; apparent ; manifest. EV-I-DEN'TIAL, a. AflTording evidence; clearly proving. Scott. EVI-DENT-LY, adv. Clearly ; obviously ; plainly ; in a manner to be seen and understood ; in a manner to con- vince the mind ; certainly ; manifestly. E-VI6-I-La'TION, n. [L. evigilatio.] A waking. E'VIL, (e'vl) a. [Sax. ej'el, yfel.] 1. Having bad qualities of a natural kind ; mischievous ; having qualities which tend to injury, or to produce mischief. 2. Having bad qualities of a moral kind ; wicked ; cornipt ; perverse ; wrong. 3. Unfortunate ; unhappy ; producing sorrow, _ distress, injury or calamity. E'VIL, 74. 1. Evil is natural or moral. — J\''atural evil ia any thing which produces pain, distress, loss or calami- ty, or which in any way disturbs the peace, impairs the happiness, or destroys the perfection of natural be- ings. — Moral evil is any deviation of a moral agent from the rules of conduct prescribed to him by God, or by legit- imate Imman authority. 2. Misfortune; mischief; in- jury. 3. Depravity ; con'uption of heart, or disposition to commit wickedness ; malignity. 4. Mfilady ; as the hinges _ evil, or scrofula. E'VIL, adv. [generally contracted to ill.] 1. Not well; not with justice or propriety ; unsuitably. 2. Not virtu- ously ; not innocently. 3. Not happily ; unfortunately. _ Deut. 4, Injuriously ; not kindly. E'VEL-AF-FECT'ED, a. Not well disposed ; unkind. E'VIL-DC'ER, n. One who does evil ; one who commita _ sin, crime or any moral wrong. E'VIL-EyED, a. Looking with an evil eye, or with envy, _ jealousy or bad design. E'VIL-Fa'VORED, a. Having a bad countenance or exter- nal appearance ; ill-favored. E'VIL-Fa'VORED-NESS, 71. Deformity. Deut. E'VIL-LY, adv. Not well. -[Little used.) Bp. Taylor. E'VIL-MlI\^D'ED, a. Having evil dispositions or intentions ; disposed to mischief or sin ; malicious ; malignant ; _ wicked. E'VIL-NESS, 71. Badness ; \iciousness ; malignity. E'VIL-SPeAK'ING, 71. Slander; defamation; calumny; censoriousness. E'VIL-W7SH'ING, a. Wishing harm to. Sidney. E'VIL-WoRK'ER, 71. One who does wickedness. E-VINCE', (e-vins') v. t. [L. evinco.] 1. To show in a clear manner; to prove beyoi>d any reasonable doubt; to manifest ; to make evident. 2. To' conquer ; [not in use.] E-VINCE', V. i. To prove. Bp. Hall. E-VIN'CED, (e-vinsf) pp. Made evident ; proved. E-VIN'CI-BLE, a. Capable of proof; demonstrable. E-AT:N'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner to force conviction. E-VIN CIVE, a. Tending to prove ; having the power to demonstrate. fE'VI-RATE, or EVI-RATE, v. t. [L. eviratus.] To emasculate. EV-I-Ra'TION, n. Castration. Cockeram. E-VIS'CER-ATE, v. t. [L. eviscero.] To embowel or dis- embowel ; to take out the entrails ; to search the bowels. E-VIS CER-A-TED, pp. Deprived of the bowels. E-VIS'CER-A-TING, ppr. Disemboweling. EV'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. evitaUlis.] That may be shunned , avoidable. [Littleused.] Hooker. EVI-TATE, V. t. [L. evito.] To shun; to avoid; to escape. [Little tised.] Shak. EV-I-Ta TION, 77. An avoiding ; a shunning. Bacon. t E-VlTE', V. t. [L. evito.] To shun. Drayton. EV-I-TER'NAL, a. [L. (Bviternus.] Eternal in a limited sense ; of duration not infinitely but indefinitelv long. EV-I-TER'NI-TY, 71. Duration not infinitely but indefi- nitely long. EV'O-CATE, or E-VoKE', v. t. [L. evoro.] 1. To call forth. 2. To call from one tribunal to another ; to remove. EV-O-Ca'TION, 71. A callmg forth ; a calling from one tri- bunal tp another. EV-0-La'TION, n. [L. evolo.] The act of flying away Bp. Hall. EVO-LUTE, 71. An original curve from which another curve is described ; the origin of the evolvent. EV-0-LU'TION, n. fL. evohitio.] 1. The act of unfold- ing. 9. A series of things unrolled or unfolded. 3. Jn geometry, the unfolding or opening of a curve, and maK- ing it describe an evolvent. — 4. In algebra, evolution is the extraction of roots from powers ; the reverse of invo- * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, ?, long.— FiLR, FALL, WHAT-;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. EXA 313 EXA tution.r-5. In military tactics, the doubling of ranks or files, wheeling, countermarching, or other motion by which the disposition of troops is changed. Ji-VOLVE', (e-volv') v. t. [L. evolvo.] 1. To unfold; to open and expand. 2. To throw out ; to emit. i:-VOLVE', v.i. To open itself; to disclose itself, E-VOLVED, (e-volvd') pp. Unfolded ; opened ; expanded ; emitted. E-VOLV'ENT, n. In geometry, a curve formed by the evo- lution of another curve. E-VOLV'ING, ppr Unfolding; expanding; emitting. EV-0-Ml'''TION, 71. A vomiting. Swift. E-VUL'GATE, v. t. [L. emdgo.] To spread abroad. tEV-UL-GATI0N,7i. A divulging. E-VUL'SION, 7u [Ij. evulsio.] The act of plucking or pull- ing out by force. Brown. EWE, (yu) n. [Sax. eotca, eotoe.] A female sheep ; the fe- male of the ovine race of animals. EVVER, (yu'er) 7i. [Sax. huer, or hwer.] A kind of pitcher, used to bring water for washing the hands. EVV'RY, (yu'ry) n. In England, an office in the king's household, where they take care of the linen for the king's table, lay the cloth, and serve up water in ewers after dinner. EX. A Latin preposition or prefix, Greek £^ or ek, signifying out of, out, proceeding from. Hence, in composition, it signifies sometimes out of, as in exclude ; sometimes off, from or out, as in L. excindo, to cut off or out ; sometimes beyond, as in excess, excel. In some words it is merely emphatical ; in others it has little effect on the significa- tion. * EX-A-CERB'ATE, v. t. [L. exacerbo.] 1. To irritate ; to exasperate ; to inflame angry passions ; to imbitter ; to in- crease malignant qualities. 2. To iwcrease the violence of a disease. EX-AC-ER-Ba'TION, 71. 1. The act of exasperating ; the irritation of angry or malignant passions or qualities ; in- crease of malignity. — ^2. Among physicians, the increased violence of a disease ; a paroxysm. 3. Increased severity. EX-AC-ER-BES'CENCE, 71. [L. exacerbesco.] Increase of irritation or violence of a fever or disease. EX-AC-ER-Va'TION, 71. I'L.acervus.] The act of heapmg up. Diet. EX-A€T', (egz-akf) a. [L. exactus.] 1. Closely correct or regular ; nice ; accurate ; conformed to rule. 2. Precise ; not different in the least. 3. Methodical ; carefHl ; not negligent ; correct ; observing strict method, rule or order. 4. Punctual. 5. Strict. EX- ACT, (egz-akt') v. t. [L. exigo, exactiim.] 1. To force or compel to pay or yield ; to demand or require au- thoritatively ; to extort by means of authority. 2. To de- mand of right. 3. To demand of necessity ; to enforce a yielding or compliance ; or to enjoin with pressing ur- gency. EX-A€T', V. i. To practice extortion. EX-ACT'ED, pp. Demanded by authority ; extorted. EX-AGT'ING, ppr. Demanding and compelluig ; requiring authoritatively; extorting; compelling by necessity. EX-A€'TION, n. 1. The act of demanding with authority, and compelling to pay or yield ; authoritative demand ; a levying or drawing from by force ; a driving to compli- ance. 2. Extortion ; a wresting from one unjustly. 3. That which is exacted ; tribute, fees, rewards or contribu- tions demanded or levied with severity or injustice. EX-A€T'I-TUDE, n. Exactness. [Little used.] EX-ACT'LY, adv. I. Precisely according to rule or meas- ure ; nicely ; accurately. 2. Precisely according to fact. 3. Precisely according to principle, justice or right. EX-A€T'NE3S, n. 1. Accuracy ; nicety ; precision. 2. Regularity ; careful conformity to law or rules of proprie- ty. 3. Careful observance of method and conformitv to truth. EX-A€T'OR, n. 1. One who exacts ; an officer who collects tribute, taxes or customs. 2. An extortioner ; one who compels another to pay more than is legal or reasonable. 3. He that demands by authority. 4. One who is unrea- sonablv severe in his demands. Tillotson. EX-A€T'RES3, n. A female who exacts. B. Jonson. t EX-A€'U-ATE, v. t. [L. exacuo.] To Avhet or sharpen. EX-A€-U-A'TION, ?!. Whetting or sharpenmg. Cockeram. EX-AG'6ER-ATE, v. t. [L. exaggero.] 1. To heap on ; to accumulate. 2. To heighten ; to enlarge beyorid the truth ; to amplify ; to represent as greater than strict truth will warrant. — 3. In painting, to heighten in coloring or design. EX-AG'6ER-A-TED, pp. Enlarged beyond the truth. EX-AG'6ER-A-TING, ppr. Enlarging or amplifying be- yond the truth. EX-AG-GER-A'TION, n. 1. A heaping together; heap; accumulation ; [little u,sed.] — 'H. In rhetoric, amplifica- tion ; a representation of things beyond the truth ; hyper- bolical representation, whether of good or evil. — 3. In paint'inff, a method of giving a representation of things too strong for the life. EX-AG'GER-A-TO-R,Y, a. Containing exaggeration - t EX-AG'I-TATE, r. t. [L. exao-ito.] To shake; to agitate; to reproach. Arbuthnot. EX-ALT', (egz-olf) v. t. [Fr. exalter.] 1. To raise high , to elevate. 2. To elevate in power, wealth, rank or dig nity. 3. To elevate with joy or confidence. 4. To raise with pride ; to make undue pretensions to power, rank or estimation ; to elevate too high, or above others. 5. To el- evate in estimation and praise ; to magnify ; to praise ; to extol. 6. To raise, as the voice ; to raise in opposition. 7. To elevate in diction or sentiment; to make srblime. — 8. In physics, to e\e\3.X.e; to purify ; to subtilize; to re- fine. EX-AL-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of raising high. 2. Ele- vation to power, office, rank, dignity or excellence. 3. Elevated state ; state of greatness or dignity. — 4. In phar- macy, the refinement or subtilization of bodies or their qualities and virtues, or the increase of their strength. — 5. In astrology, the dignity of a planet in which its pow- ers are increased. EX-ALT'ED, pp. and a. Raised to a lofty height ; ele/ated ; honored with office or rank ; extolled ; magnified ; refin- ed ; dignified ; sublime. EX-ALT'ED-NESS, 71. 1, The state of being elevated. 2. Conceited dignity or greatness. EX-AIiT'ER, 77. One who exalts or raises to dignity. EX-AlT'ING, ppr. Elevating ; raising to an eminent sta- tion ; praising; extolling; magnifying; refining. EX-A'M£N, (egz-a'men) n. [L. examen.] Examination; disquisition ; inquiiy. [Little used.] Brown. EX-AM'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be examined ; proper for judicial examination or inquiry. EX-AM'I-NANT, 7i. One who is to be examined. EX-AM'I-NATE, 7i. The person examined. Bacon. EX-AM-I-Na'TION, 7*. [L. examinatio.] 1. The act of examining ; a careful search or inquiry, with a view to discover truth or the rea> state of things ; careful and ac- curate inspection of a thing and its parts. 2. Mental in- quiry ; disquisition ; careful consideration of the circum- stances or facts which relate to a subject or question. 3. Trial by a rule or law. — 4. In judicial proceedings, a care- ful inquiry into facts by testimony.— 5. In seminaries of learning, an inquiry into the acquisitions of the students. — 6. In chemistry and other sciences, a searching for the rature and qualities of substances by experiments. fEX-AM'I-NA-TOIl, 7!. An examiner. Brown. EX-AM'iNE, (egz-am'in) v. t. [L. examine.] 1. To in- spect carefully, with a view to discover truth or the leal state of a thing. 2. To search or inquire into facts and circumstances by interrogating. 3. To look into the state of a subject; to view in all its aspects; to weigh aigii- ments and compare facts, with a view to form a correct opinion or judgment. 4. To inquire into the improve- ments or qualifications of students, by interrogatories, proposing problems, or bj' hearing their recitals. 5. To try or assay by experiments. 6. To try by a rule or law. 7. /;i general, to search ; to scrutinize ; to explore, with a view to discover truth. EX-AMTNED, pp. Inquired into ; searched ; inspected ; interrogated ; tried by experiment. EX-AM'IN-ER, n. 1. One who examines, tries or inspects ; one who interrogates a witness or an offender. — 2. In chancery, in Great Britain, the examiners are two offi- cers of tliat court, who examine, on oath, the witnesses for the parties. EX-AM'IN-ING, ppr. Inspecting carefully ; searching or inquiring into ; interrogating ; trying or assaying by ex- periment. EX'AM-PLA-RY, a. Serving for example ; proposed for imitation. [It is now written exemplary.] Hooker. EX-Aai'PLE, (egz-am'pl) n. [L. exemplum.] 1. A pat- tern ; a copy ; a model ; that which is proposed to be imi- tated. 2. A pattern, in morals or manners; a copy or model. 3. Precedent; a former instance. 4. Precedent or former instance, in a bad sense, intended for caistion. 5. A person fit to be proposed for a pattern ; one whose conduct is worthy of imitation. 6. Precedent which dis- poses to imitation. 7. Instance serving for illustration of a rule or precept ; or a particular case or proposition illustrat- ing a general rule, position or truth. — 8. In logic or rheto- ric, the conclusion of one singular point from another ; an induction of what may happen from what has happened. t EX-AM'PLE, V. t. To exemplify ; to set an example. t EX-AM'PLE-LESS, a. Having no example. B. Johnson. EX-AM'PLER, 71. A pattern ; now sample or sampler. t EX-AN'GUI-OUS, a. Having no blood. See Exsanguious. EX-AN'I-MATE, (egz-an'e-mate) a. [L. exanimatus.] Lifeless ; spiritless ; disheartened ; depressed in spirits EX-AN'I-MATE, v. t. To dishearten ; to discourage. EX-AN-I-Ma'TION, n. Deprivation of life or of spirits. EX-AJV'I-MOUS, a. [L. exanimis.] Lifeless; dead. EX-AN'THE-MA, 71. ; pZtt. Exanthem'ata. Among ;>57/ sicians, eruption ; a breaking cut ; pustules, petechias o»- vibices ; any efflorescence on the skin. • Ses Sijnopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete EXC 314 EXC KX-AN-THE-MAT'IGj ) a. Eruptive ; efflorescent ; not- EX- AN-THEJM' A-TOUS, j ing morbid redness of the skiu. t EX-ANT'LATE, v. t [L. exantlo.] To draw out. fEX-ANT-LA'TION, n. The act of drawing out. EX-AR-A'TION, 71. [L. exaro.] The act of writuig. EX'AE€H, n. [Gr. apX^'S'] A prefect or governor under the eastern emperors. Also, a deputy or legate in the Greek church. EX'AR-€H ATE, n. The office, dignity or administration of an exarch. Taylor. EX-AR-Tie-U-LA'TION, n. Dislocation of a joint. EX-XS'PER-ATE, v. t. [L. exaspero.] 1. To anger ; to irritate to a high degree ; to provoke to rage ; to enrage ; to excite anger, or to inflame it to an extreme degree. 2. To aggravate ; to tmbitter. 3. To augment violence ; to in- crease malignity ; to exacerbate. EX-aS'PER-ATE, a. Provoked ; imbittered ; inflamed. EX-AS PER-A-TED, pj?. Highly angered or irritated ; pro- voked ; enraged ; imbittered. EX-AS'PER-A-TER, n. One who exasperates or inflames anger, enmitv or violence. EX-aS'PER-A-TING, ppr. Exciting keen resentment j irtiamiiig anger ; irritating ; increasing violence. EX-aS-PER-a'TION, n. 1. Irritation 5 the act of exciting V ioient auger ; provocation. 2. Extreme degree of anger ; violent passion. 3. Increase of violence or malignity ; EX-AU€'T0-RATE, I V. t. [L. exauctoro.l To dismiss EX-AU'THO-RATE, \ from service ; to deprive of a benefice. EX-AU€-TO-Ra'TION, ) 71. Dismission from service ; de- EX-AU-THO-Ra'TiON, ) privation ; degradation. EX-AU'THO-RiZE, v. t. To deprive of authority. EX-€AL'CE-A-TEI), a. [L. excalceo.] Deprived of shoes ; unshod ; barefooted. EX-€AN-DES'CENCE, 71. [L. excandescentia.] 1. A grow- ing hot j or a white heat ; glowing heat. 2. Heat of passion 5 violent anger ; or a growing angry. EX-€AN-DES'CENT, a. White with heat. EX-€AN-TA'TION, n. [L. excanto,] Disenchantment by a countercharm. [Little iised.] EX-€AR'NATE, v. t. [L. ex and caro.'] To deprive or clear ofrlesh. Grew. EX-eAR-NI-FI-€A'TION, n. [L. excarnijico.] The act of cutting off fles>h, or of depriving of flesh. EX€A-VATE, v. t. [L. excavo.] To hollow; to cut, scoop, dig or wear out the inner part of any thing, and make it hollow. EX'eA-VA-TED, pp. Hollowed ; made hollow. BX'€A-YA-TING, ppr. Makmg hollow. EX-€A-Va'TION, n. 1. The act of making hollow. 2. A hollow or a cavity formed by removing the interior sub- stance. EX'eA-VA-TOR, 71. One who excavates. t EX-€aVE', v. t. To hoUow. Cockeram. t EX'CE-€ATE, v. t. [L. excsco.] To make blind. EX-CE-Ca'TION, n. The act of making blind. EX-Ce'DENT, n. Excess. [JVbt authorized.] EX-CEED', v. t. [L. exccdo.] 1. To pass or go beyond; to proceed beyond any given or supposed limit, measure or quantity, or beyond any thing else. 2. To surpass ; to excel. EX-CEED', V. i. 1. To go too far ; to pass the proper bounds ; to go over any given limit, number or measure. 2. To bear the greater proportion ; to be more or larger. EX-CEED' A-BLE, a. That may sunnount or exceed. EX-CEED'ED, pj?. Excelled; surpassed; outdone. EX-CEED'ERj n. One who exceeds or passes the bounds of fitness. Montagu. EX-CEED'ING, ppr. 1. Going beyond ; surpassing ; excel- ling ; outdoing. 2. a. Great in extent, quantity or dura- tion. 3. adv.~In a very great degree ; unusually. EX-CEEDING, n. Excess ; superfluity. Smollett. EX-CEED'ING-LY, adv. To a very great degree ; in a de- gree bevond what is usual ; greatly ; very much. tEX-CEED'ING-NESS, n. Greatness in quantity, extent, - or duration. EX-CEL', V. t. [L. excello.] 1. To go beyond ; to exceed ; to surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds ; to outdo. 2 To exceed or go beyond in bad qualities or deeds. 3. To cx-.-^ed ; to surpass. EX-CEL', V. i. To have good qualities, or to perform meri- torious actions, in an unusual degree'; to be eminent, il- lustrious or distinguished. EX-CELLED, (ek-seld') pp. Surpassed ; outdone, EX CEL-LENCE, ) n. [Fr. ; L. excellentia.] 1. The state of EXCEL-LEN-CY, i possessing good qualities in an un- usual or eminent degree ; the state of excelling in any thing. 2. Any valuable quality ; any thing higlily laudable, meritorious or virtuous, in peisons, or valuable and esteemed, in things. 3. Dignity ; high rank in the scale of beings. 4. A title of honor formerly given to kings and emperors, now given to embassadors, govern- ors, and other persons, below the rank of kings. EX'CEL-EENT, a. 1. Being of great virtue or worth enrt' nent or distinguished for what is amiable, valuable or laud- able. 2. Being of great value or use, applUed to things ; remarkable for good proi)erties. 3. Distinguished for su- perior attainments. 4. Consummate; complete. EX'CEL-LENT-LY, adv. In an excellent manner; well m a high degree ; in an eminent degree. EX-CEPT', V. t. [Fr. excepter.] 1. T« take or leave out of any number specified ; to exclude. 2. To take or leave out any particular or particulars, from a general description EX-CEPT', V. i. To object ; to make objection. EX-CEPT', pp. [contracted from excepted.] Taken out ; not included. All were involved in this aflair, except one, that is, one excepted, tlie case absolute, or independent clause. It is equivalent to without, unless, and denotes exclusion. — Except and excepting are commonly, though incorrectly, classed among prepositions. EX-CEPTih.D,pp. See Except. EX-CEPT'IjVG, ;;]?r. 1. Taking or leaving out; excluding 2. This word is also used in the sense of except, as above explained. The prisoners were all condemned, excepting three. EX-CEFTION, 11. 1. The act of excepting, or excluding from a number designated, or from a description ; exclu- sion. 2. Exclusion from what is comprehended in a gen- eral rule or proposition. 3. That which is excepted, ex- cluded, or separated from others in a general description , the person or thmg specified as distinct or not included. 4. An objection ; that which is or may be offered in oppo- sition to a rule, proposition, statement or allegation ; with to. 5. Objection with dislike ; offense ; slight anger or resentment.— 6. In law, the denial of what is alledged and considered as valid by the other party, either in point of law or in pleading. 7. A saving clause in a writing.— Bill of exceptions, in law, is a statement of exceptions to evidence. EX-CEP'TIOX-A-BLE, a. Liable to objection. EX-CEP'TION-ER, n. One who makes objections. Mlton EX-CEP'TIOaS, a. Peevish ; disposed or apt to cavil. EX-CEP'TIOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to cavil. EX-CEPT'IVE, a. 1. Including an exception. Watts. 2 Making or being an exception. Milton. tEX-CEPT'LESS, a. Omitting all exception. Shak. EX-CEPT'OR, 71. One who objects, or makes exceptions. EX-CERX', V. t. [L. excerno.] To separate and emit through the pores, or through small passages of the body ; to strain out ; to excrete. EX-CERN'ED, (ek-sernd') pp. Separated ; excreted ; emit- ted through the capillary vessels of the body. EX-CERN'ING,pjjr. Emitting through the small passages; excreting. EX-CERP', ?•. t. [L. excerpo.] To pick out. [Little used.'] t EX-CERPT', V. t. [L. excerpo.] To select. Barnard. EX-CERP'TION, 71. [L. excerptio.] 1. A picking out; a gleaniiiir ; selection. 2. That which is selected. EX-CERF'TOR, 72. A picker ; a culler. Barnard. EX-CERPTS', 7(. Extracts from authors. [A bad word.] EX-CESS', 7i. [L. excessu^.] 1. Superfluity ; that which is beyond necessity or wants. 2. That which is beyond tlie common measure, proportion, or due quantity, 3. Su- perabundance of any thing. 4. Any transgression of due limits. — 5. In morals, any indulgence of appetite, passion or exertion, beyond the rules of God's word, or beyond any rule of propriety ; intemperance. — 6. In arithmetic and geometry, the difference between any two unequEil numbers or quantities. EX-CESS'IVE, a. 1. Beyond any given degree, measure or lunit, or bej ond the common measure or proportion. 2. Beyond the established laws of morality and religion, or beyond the bounds of justice, fitness, propriety, expedi- ence or utility. 3. Extravagant ; unreasonable. 4. Ve- hement ; violent. EX-CESS'IVE-LY, adv. 1. In an extreme degree; beyond measure ; exceedingly, 2. Vehemently ; violently. EX-CESS'IVE-jS'ESS, n. The state or quality of being ex- cessive ; excess. EX-CHaN6E', v.t. [Fr. echanger.] 1. In commerce, to give one thing or commodity for another ; to barter. 2, To lay aside, quit or resign one thing, state or condition, and take another in the place of it. 3. To give and re- ceive reciprocally : to give and receive in compensation the same thing, 4. To give and receive the like thing. EX-CHaN6E', ;i. ]. In commerce, the act of giving one thing or commodity for another ; barter ; traffick by per- mutation, in which the thing received is supposed to be equivalent to the thing given. 2. The act of giving up or resigning one thing or state for another, without contract. 3. The act of giving and receiving reciprocally. 4. The contract by which one commodity is transferred to another for an equivalent commodity. 5. The thing given in re- turn for something received, or the thing received in re- turn for what is given. 6. The form of exchanging one debt or credit for another ; or the receiving or paying of money in one place, for an equal sum in another, by order, * See Sipiopsis. 5, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WH^T j— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. EXC 315 EXC draft or bill of exchange. — 7. In mercantile langtuige, a bill drawn for money is called exchange, instead of a bill of exchange. 8. The course of exchange is the current price between two places, which is above or below par, or at par.— 9. In laic, a mutual grant of equal interests, the one in consideration of the other. 10. The place where the merchants, brokers and bankers of a city meet lo transact business, at certain hours ; often contracted into change. EX-CHaNSE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of be- ing exchangeable. Washington. EX-€HaN6E'A-BLE, a. That may be exchanged ; capable, fit, orproper to be exchanged. .Marshall. EX-CHAiV6'EI), (ex-chanjd') pp. Given or received for something else ; bartered. EI\:-CHaXO'ER, 71. One who exchanges ; one who practices excliange EX-CHaN6'ING, ppr. Giving and receiving one commod- ity for another j giving and receiving mutually ; laying aside or relinquishmg one thing or state for another. EX-CHEa'UER, (ex-chek'er) 7!. [Fr. echiquier.] In Eng- land, an ancient court of record, intended principally to collect and superintend the king's debts and duties or revenues. — Exchequer Mils, in England, bills for money, or promissory bills, issued from the exchequer. GX-CHEQ.'UER, v. t. To institute a process against a per- son in the court of exchequer. Pegge. EX-ClS'A-BLE, a. Liable or subject to excise. EX-ClSE', n. [L. excisum.^ An inland duty or impost, laid on commodities consumed, or on the retail, which is thej^ast stage before consumption. EX-CiSE', V. t. To lay or impose a duty on articles con- sumed. EX-CiS'ED, (ek-sizd') pp. Charged with the duty of excise. EX-ClSE'M.AN^, n. An officer who inspects commodities, andjates the excise duty on them. Johnson. EX-ClS'ING, ppr. Imposing the duty of excise. EX-CIS'ION, 71. [L. excisio^ I. In surgery, a cutting out or cutting off any part of the body ; amputation. 2. The cut- ting offofa person from his people; extirpation; destruction. EX-CI-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of excitement; susceptibility of increased vital action. EX-ClT'A-BLE, a. Capable of being excited. EX-ClT'ANT, n. That which produces or may produce in- creased action in a living body ; a stimulant. tEX'CI-TATE, 7j. t. To excite. Bacon. EX-CI-Ta'TION, 71. The act of exciting or putting in mo- tion ; the act of rousing or awakening. EX-CIT'A-TlVE, a. Having power to excite. Barrow. EX-ClT'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to excite. Miller. EX-ClTE', V. t. [L. excito.'] 1. To rouse ; to call into ac- tion ; to animate ; to stir up ; to cause to act. 2. To stim- ulate ; to give new or increased action to. 3. To raise ; to create ; to put in motion. 4. To rouse ; to inflame. EX-ClT'ED, pp. Roused ; awakened ; animated ; put in mo- tion ; stimulated ; inflamed. EX-CiTEMEXT, n. 1. The act of exciting ; stimulation. 2. The state of being roused into action. 3. Agitation ; a state of being roused into action. 4. That which ex- cites or rouses ; that which moves, stirs, or induces ac- tion ; a motive. Shak. EX-CIT'ER, 71. 1. He or that which excites ; he that puts ill motion, or the cause which awakeni and moves. — 2. In medicine, a stimulant. EX-CIT'ING, ppr. Calling or rousing into action ; stimulat- ing. EX-CIT'ING, n. Excitation. Herbert. EX-€LaIM', v. i. [L. exclamo.] 1. To utter the voice with vehemence ; to cry out ; to make a loud outcry in words. 2. To declare with loud vociferation. t EX-€LaIM', 71. Clamor ; outcry. Shak. EX-€LaIM'ER, n. One who cries out with vehemence; one who speaks with passion or much noise. Ea-CLaIM1XG, ppr. Crying out ; vociferating. EX-€LA-MaTION, 7). 1. Outcry; noLsy talk; clamor. 2. Vehement vociferation. 3. Emphatical utterance; a ve- hement extension or elevation of voice ; ecphonesis. 4. A note by which emphatical utterance or outcry is mark- ed : thus, ! — 5. In grammar, a word expressing outcry ; an jnterjection ; a word expressing some passion, as wonder, fear or grief. EX-CLAM A-TO-RY, a. 1. Using exclamation. 2. Con- taininj; or expressing exclamation. EX-€LrDE', V. t. [L. excludo.] Properly, to thrust out or eject ; but used' as synonymous with preclude. 1. To thrust out ; to eject. 2. To hinder from entering or ad- mission ; to shut out. 3. To debar ; to hinder from par- ticipation or enjoyment. 4. To except. EX-€LuD ED, pp. Thrust out ; shut out ; hindered or pro- hibited from entrance or admission ; debarred. EX-€LuDING, ppr. Ejecting; hindering from entering; debarring ; not comprehending. EX-€LU SION, n. 1. The act of excluding ; ejection. 2. The act of denying admission ; a shutting out. 3. The act of debaning. 4. Rejection. 5. Exception. 6. Ejec- tion. EX-€LtJ'SION-IST, n. One who would preclude another from some privilege. Fox. EX-CLu'SIVE, a. 1. Having the power of preventing en- trance. 2. Debarring from participation; possessed and enjoyed to the exclusion of others, 3. Not taking into the account ; not including or comprehending. EX-€Lu'SIVE-LY, adv. 1. Without admission of others to participation: withtlie exclusion of all others. 2. With- out comprehension in ; not inclusively. EX-€LU'S0-RY, a. Exclusive; excluding; able to ex- clude. [Little used.] Walsh. t EX-€0€T', V. t. [L. excoctus*] To boil. Bacon. EX-€OG'I-TATE, v. t. [L. excogito.] To invent; \o strike out by thinking ; to contrive. Hale. EX-€06-I-Ta'TI0N, n. Invention ; contrivance ; the act of devising in the thoughts. EX-€OM'MIS-SA-RY, n. A commissary dismissed from office ; one formerly a commissary. tEX-€OM-MuNE', "J. «. To exclude. Gayton. EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, a. Liable or deserving to be ex- communicated. Hooker. EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€ATE, v. t [L. ex and communico.'] To expel from communion ; to eject from the communion of the church. EX-€0M-MU'NI-€ATE, n. One who is excluded from the fellowship of the church ; one cut off from any advantage. Carew. EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TED, pp. ExpeUed or separated from communion with a church. EX-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TING,ppr. Expelling from the com munion of a cnurch. EX-€OM-MU-NI-€a'TION, 77. The act of ejecting from a church ; expulsion from the communion of a church, and deprivation of its rights, privileges and advantages. EX-€o'RI-ATE, V. t. [Low L. excorio.] To flay ; to strip or wear off the skin ; to abrade ; to gall ; to bresik and re- move the cuticle. EX-€o'RI-A-TED, pp. Flayed; galled; stripped of skin. EX-€o'RI-A-TING,ppr. Flaying; galling; stripping of the cuticle. EX-€0-RI-A'TION, n. 1. The act of flaying, or the opera- tion of wearing off the skin or cuticle ; a galling ; abra- sion. 2. Plunder. EX-€OR-TI-€a'TION, n. [L. ex and cortex.] The act o'^ stripping off bark. Coxe EX'€RE-A-BLE, a. That may be discharged by spitting. EX'CRE-ATE, v. t. [L. excreo.] To hawk and spit. EX-€RE-A'TION, n. A spitting out. EX'€RE-MENT, ?i. [L. excrementum.l Matter excreted and ejected ; that which is discharged from the animal body after disestion ; alvine discharges. EX-€RE-MENT'AL, a. Excreted or ejected by the natural passages of the body. EX-CRE-MEN-Tl'TIAL, a. Pertaining to excrement. EX-€RE-MEN-Ti''TIOUS, a. Pertaining to excrement , containing excrement. Harvey. EX-CRES'CENCE, 71. [L. cxcrescens.] 1. In sMr^ery, a pre- ternatural protuberance growing on any part of the body ; a superfluous part. 2. Ajiy preternatural enlargement of a plant, like a wart or tumor. 3. A preternatural produc- tion. EX-€RES'CENT, a. Growing out of something else, in a preternatural manner ; superfluous. EX-CReTE', v. t. [L. excretus.] To separate and throw off; to discharge. EX-€Re'TI0N,~7i. [L. excretio.] 1. A separation of some fluid from the blood, by means of the glands ; a throwing off or discharge of Euiimal fluids from the body. 2. That which is excreted. EX'€RE-TiVE, a. Having the power of separating and ejecting fluid matter from the body. EX'CRE-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of excreting or throwing off excrementitious matter by the glands. EX'€RE-TO-RY, 7i. A little duct or vessel, destined to re- ceive secreted fluids, and to excrete them ; also, a secre- tory vessel. EX-€RU'CIA-BLE, a. Liable to torment. EX-€RU'CIATE, v. t. [L. excnicio.] To torture ; to tor- ment ; to inflict most severe pain on. EX-€RU CIA-TED, pp. Tortured ; racked ; tormented. EX-€RU'CIA-TING, ppr. 1. Torturing; tormenting; put- ting to most severe pain. 2. a. Extremely painful ; dis- tressing. EX-€RU-CI-A'TION, 77. Torment; vexation. Feltham. EX-€U-Ba'TION, 71. The act of watching all night. EX-CUL'PATE, V. t. [It. scolpare ; L. ex and culpa.] To clear by words from a charge or imputation of fault or guilt ; to excuse. EX-CUL'PA-BLE, a. Capable of being cleared from the imputation of blame or fault. Sir G. Buck. EX-€UL'PA-TED, pp. Cleared by words from the imputa- tion of ftiult or guilt. ' See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € aaK56asJ;SasZ;CHasSH;THasin this, t Obsolete. EXE 316 EXE £X-€L/L'PA-TJNG, ppr Clearing hy words from the charge of fault or crime. EX-eUL-PA'TION, n. The act of vindicating from a charge of fault or crime ; excuse. EX-€UL'PA-TO-RY, a. Able to clear from the charge of fault or guilt ; excusing ; containing excuse. EX-€UR'SION, n. [L. excursio.] 1. A rambling ; a deviat- ing from a stated or settled path. 2. Progression beyond fixed limits. 3. Digression ; a wandering from a subject or main design. 4. An expedition or journey; any rambling from a point or piacCj and return to the same point or place. EX-€UR'SIVE, a. Rambling ; wandering ; deviating. EX-eUR'SIVE-LY, adv. In a wandering manner. EX-t;UR'SIVE-NESS, n The act of wandering or of pass- ing usual limits. EX-€U'SA-BLE, a. 1. That may be excused ; pardonable. 2. Admitting of excuse or justification. EX-€U'SA-BLE-NESS, w. The state of being excusable ; pardonableness ; the quality of admitting of excuse. EX-eU-SA'TION, 71. Excuse; apology. [Little used.] EX-€U-Sa'TOR, n. One who makes an excuse. EX-etJ'SA-TO-RY, a. Making excuse ; containing excuse or apology ; apologetical. EX-etJSE', «. t. [L. exciiso.] 1. To pardon; to free from the imputation of fault or blame ; to acquit of guilt. 2. To par- don, as a fault ; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little censurable, and to overlook. 3. To free from an obliga- tion or duty. 4. To remit ; not to exact. 5. To pardon ; to admit an apology for. 6. To throw off an imputation by apology. 7. To justify ; to vindicate. EX-€tjSE', n. li A plea offered in extenuation of a fault or irregular deportment ; apology. 2. The act of excusing or apologizing. 3. That which excuses. EX-€uSE'LESS, a. Having no excuse ; that for which no excuse or apology can be offered. [Little used.] EX-€uffi'ER, n. 1. One who offers excuses, or pleads for an- othej. 2. One who excuses or forgives another. TS,X-€\J&'ING,ppr. Acquitting of guilt or fault ; forgiving; overlooking. |EX-eUSS', v.t. [Tu. excussus.] To shake off; also, to seize and detain by law. t EX-eUS'SION, n. A seizing by law. .dyliffe. EX-D[-RE€T'OR, n. One who has been a director, but is displaced. EX'E-eRA-BLE, a. [L. execrabilis.] Deserving to be cursed; very hateful ; detestable ; abominable. EX'E-€RA-BLY, adv. Cursedly ; detestably. EX'E-€RATE, v. t. [L. execror.] 1. TocurSe ; to denounce evil against, or to imprecate evil on. 2. To detest utterly ; to abhor ; to abominate. EX-E-CRa'TION, n. The act of cursing ; a curse pro- nounced ; imprecation of evil ; detestation expressed. EX'E-€RA-T0-RY, n. A formulary of execration. EX-ECT , V, t. [L. execo.] To cut off or out. EX-E€'T[ON, w. A cutting off or out. [Little used] £X'E-€UTE, V. t. [Fr. executer.] 1 . To perform ; to do ; to effect ; to carry into complete effect ; to complete ; to finish. 2. To inflict. 3. To carry into effect. 4. To carry into ef- fect the law, or the judgment or sentence on a person ; to indict capital punishment on ; to put to death. 5. To kill. (3. To complete, as a legal instrument ; to perform what is requii-ed to give validity to a writing, as by signhig and sealing. EX'Jil-eUTE, V. i. To perform the proper office. EX'E-€TJ-TEp, pp. Done ; performed ; accomplished ; car- ried into effect ; put to death. EX'E-€U-TER, n. One v/ho performs or carries into ef- fect. EX'E-€U-TING, pipr. Doing; performing; finishing; ac- complishing ; inflicting ; carrying into effect. EX-Pu-€u'T10N, At. 1. Performance ; the act of completing or accomplishing. — 2. In law, the carrying into effect a sentence or judgment of court. 3. The instrument, war- rant or official order, by which an officer is empowered tp carry a judgment into effect. 4. The act of signing and sea ing a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required to render it a valid act. 5. The last act of the law in the punishment of criminals ; capital punishment ; death in- flicted accorduig to the forms of law. 6. Effect ; some- thing done or accomplished. 7. Destruction; slaugh- ter. EX-E-€u'TION-ER, v. 1. One who executes ; one who carries into effect a judgment of death ; one who inflicts a capital punishment in pursuance of a legal warrant. 2. lie that kills ; he that murders. 3. The instrument by which any thing is performed. EX-E€'U-TiVE, (egz-ek'u-tiv) c. Having the quality of executing or performing. EX-ECU-TlVE, n. The person who administers the gov- ernment ; executive power or authority in government. J. Quincy. EX-ECU-TOR, n. The person appointed by a testator to execute his will, or to see U carried into effect. EX-E€-U-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an executor j elecil tive. EX-E€'U-TOR-SHIP, n. The office of an executor. EX-E€'U-TO-RY, a. 1. Performing official duties.— 2. In law, to be executed or carried into effect in future. EX-EC'U-TRESS, ) n. A female executor ; a woman ap- EX-EC U-TRIX, ) pointed by a testator to execute his will. EX-E-6e'SIS, n. [Gr. e^tjyriins.] 1. Exposition ; explana- tion ; interpretation. 2. A discourse intended to explain or illustrate a subject. Encyc. EX-E-6ET'I-€AL, a. Explanatory ; tending to unfold or illustrate ; expository. Walker. EX-E-6ET 1-CAL-LY, adv. By Way of explanation. EX-EM'PLAR, (egz-em'plar) n. 1. A model j original or pattern, to be copied or imitated. 2. The idea or image ot a thing,- formed in the mind of an artist, by which he con ducts his work ; the ideal model which he attempts to ira itate. * EX'EM-PLA-RI LY, adv. 1. In a manner to deserve imita- tion ; in a worthy or excellent manner. 2. In a manner that may warn others, by way of terror; in such a man- ner that others may be cautioned to avoid an evil. *EXiEM-PLA-RI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being a pattern for imitation. fEX-EM-PLAR'I-TY, n. A pattern worthy of imitation ; goodness. * EX'EM-PLA-RY, «. 1. Serving for a pattern or model for imitation ; worthy of imitation. 2. Such as may serve for a warning to others ; such as may deter from crimes or vices. 3. Such as may attract notice and imitation. 4 Illustrating. *j EX'EM-PLA-RY, n. [Fr. exemplaire.] A copy of a book or writing. Donne. EX-EM-PLI-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of exemplifying ; a showing or illustrating by example. 2. A copy ; a transcript ; an attested copy. EX-EM'PLI-FlED,pp. Illustrated by example or copy. EX-EM'PLI-FI-ER, n. One that exemplifies. EX-EM'PLI-F-J, (egz-era'ple-fi) v. t. [Low L. exemplo,] I. To show or illustrate by example. 2. To copy ; to transcribe ; to take an attested copy. 3. To prove or show by an attested copy. EX-EM'PLI-FY-ING, ppr. lUilstrating by example ; tran-' scribing ; taking an attested copy ; proving by an attested copy. EX-EMPT', (egz-emf) v. t. [Fr. exempter.] To free, or per- mit to be free, from any charge, burden, restraint, duty, evil or requisition, to which others are subject ; to privi- lege ; to grant immunity from. EX-EMPT', a, 1. Free from any service, charge, burden, tax, duty, evil or requisition, to which others are subject ; not subject ; not liable to. 2. Free by privilege. 3. Free ; clear; not included. 4. Cut off" from; [obs.] EXEMPT', 7) . One who is exempted or freed from duty ; one not subject. EX-EMPT'ED, pp. Freed from charge, duty, tax or evils, to which others are subject ; privileged. t EX-EMPT'I-BLE, a. Free; privileged. JEX-EMPT'ING, ppr. Freeing from charge, duty, tax or evil ; granting immunity to. EX-EMP'TION, n. 1. The act of exempting ; the state of being exempt. 2. Freedom from any service, charge, burden, tax, evil or requisition, to which others are sub- ject ; immunity ; privilege. tEX-EMP-Ti"TIOUS, a. Separable ; that may be taken from. EX-EN'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. exentero.] To take out the bowels or entrails ; to embowel. Brown. EX-EN-TER-a'TION, w. The act of taking out the bowels. EX-E-Q,[Ja'TUR, n. [L.] A written recognition of a per- son in the character of consul or commercial agent. EX-E'Q,UI-AL, a. [L. exequialis.] Pertaining to funerals. EX'E-Q-UIES, n. plu. [L. exequies.] Funeral rites; the ceremonies of burial ; ftineral procession. EX-ER'CENT, a. [L. exercens.] Using; practising; fol- lowing. [Little used.] Aylnffe. EX ER-ClS-A-BLE, a. That may be exercised. EX'ER-ClSE, n. [L. excrcitium.] 1, Use ; practice ; the ex- ertions and movements customary in tlie performance of business. 2. Practice ; performance. 3. Use ; employ- ment ; exertion. 4. Exertion of the body, as conducive to health ; action ; motion, by labor, walking, riding, or other exertion , 5. Exertion of the body ; the habitual use of the limbs. 6. Exertion of the body and mind or facul- ties for improvement. 7. Use or practice to acquire skill ; preparatory practice. 8. Exertion of the mind ; applica- tion of the mental powers. 9. Task ; that which is ap- pointed for one to perform . 10. Act of divine worship. II . A lesson or example for practice. EX'ER-ClSE, V. t. [L. exerceo.] 1. In a general sense, to move ; to exert ; to cause to act, in any manner. 2. To use ; to exert. 3. To use for improvement in skill. 4. To exert one's powers or strength ; to practice habitually, 5. To practice ; to perform the duties ojf. 6. To train to Hee Synopsis. A, E, T, o, X5, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete EXH ol7 EXI use ; to discipline. 7. To task ; to keep employed ; to use efforts. 8. To use ; to employ. 9. To busy ; to keep busy in action, exertion or employment. 10. To pain or afflict ; to give anxiety to ; to make uneasy. EX'ER-ClSE, V. i. To use action or exertion. EX'ER-ClSED, pp. Exerted ; used ; trained ; disciplined ; employed ; practised ; pained 5 afflicted ; rendered un- easy. EX'ER-CiS-ER, n. One who exercises. EX'ER-CTS-ING,2>^r. Exerting; using; employing; train- ing ; practicing. EX-ER-CI-Ta'TION, n. [L, exercitatio.] Exercise ; prac- tice ; use. Brown. EX-ERGUE', (egz-erg') n. [Gr. 4 and t^iyov.'] A little space around or without the figures of a medal, left for the in- scription, cipher, device, date, &c. EX-ERT', (egz-«rt') v. t. [L. exeroJ 1. Literally, to thrust forth ; to emit; to push out. 2. To bring out"; to cause to come forth ; to produce. 3. To put or thrust forth, as strength, force or ability ; to strain ; to put in action ; to bring into active operation 4. To put forth ; to do or perform. South. EX-ERT'ED, pp. Thrust or pushed forth ; put in action. EX-ERT'ING, ppr. Putting forth ; putting in action. EX-ER'TION, 71. The act of exerting or straining ; tlie act of putting into motion or action ; effort ; a striving or strug- gling- EX-E SION, n. [L. exesus.] The act of eating out or through. [Little med.] Brown. EX-ES-TU-a'TION, n. [L. exwstuatio.'] A boiling ; ebul- lition ; agitation caused by heat ; effervescence. EX-Fo'LI-ATE, v. i. [L. exfolio.] In surgery and mineral- ogy, to separate and come off in scales ; to scale off. EX-Fo'LI-A-TED, pp. Separated in thm scales EX-Fo'LI-A-TING, ppr. Separating and coming off in EX-FO-LI-A'TION, n. The scaling of a bone ; desquama- tion. EX-Fo'LI-A-TiVE, a. That has the power of causing ex- foliation or the desquamation of a bone. EX-Fo'LI-A-TiVE, n. That which has the power or quali- ty of procuring exfoliation. Wiseman. EX-Ha'LA-BLE, a. That may be exhaled. EX-Ha'LANT, a. Having the quality of exhaling or trans- mitting a fluid or vapor. EX-HA-La'TION, 71. [L. exhalatio.] 1. The act 01 process of exhaling, or sending forth fluids in the form of steam or vapor; evaporation. 2. That which is exhaled; that which is emitted, or which rises in the form of vapor ; fume or steam ; effluvia. EX-HaLE', (egz-hale') v. t. [L. exhalo.l 1, To send out; to emit ; as vapor, or minute particles of a fluid or other substance. 2. To draw out; to cause to be emitted in vapor or minute particles ; to evaporate. EX-HaL'ED, (egz-haJd') pp. Sent out ; emitted, as vapor ; evaporated. EX-HaLE'MENT, 71. Matter exhaled ; vapor. Brown. EX-HaL'ING, ppr. Sending out in vapor or effluvia. EX-HAUST', (egz-hawsf) v. t. [L. sxhaurio, exhaustum.] 1. To draw out or drain off the whole of any thing ; to draw out, tUl nothing of the matter drawn is left. 2. To empty by drawing out the contents. 3. To draw out or to use and expend the whole ; to consume. 4. To use or expend the whole by exertion. EX-HAUST', ffl. Drained; exhausted. [Little used.] EX-HAUST'ED, pp. Drawn out ; drained off; emptied by drawing, draining or evaporation ; wholly used or ex- pended ; consumed. EX-HAUST'ER, n. He or that which exhausts. EX-HAUST'I-BLE, a. That may be exhausted. EX-HAUST'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing out; draining off; emptving ; consuming. 2. a. Tending to exhaust. EX-HAUST'ION, n. 1. The act of drawing out or draining off; the act of emptying completely of the contents. 2. The state of being exhausted. — 3. In mathematics, a method of proving the equality of two magnitudes by a reductio ad ahsurdum. EX-HAUST'LESS, a. Not to be exhausted; not to be wholly drawn off" or emptied ; inexhaustible. EX-HAUST'MENT, 71. Exhaustion; drain. EX-HER'E-DATE, v. t. To disinherit. EX-HER-E-Da'TION, 71. [JL. exhceredatio.] In the civil law, a disinheriting. EX-HIB'IT, (egz-hib'it) v. t. [L. exhibeo.] 1 To offer or present to view ; to present for inspection ; to show. 9. To show ; to display ; to manifest publicly. 3. To pre- sent ; to offer publicly or officially. EX-HIB'IT, n. 1. Any paper produced or presented to a court or to auditors, referees or arbitrators, as a voucher, or in proof of facts ; a vouclier or document produced. — 2. In chancery, a deed or writing produced in court, sworn to by a witness, and a certificate of the oath indorsed v;n it by the examiner or commissioner. EX-HIB'IT-ED,7?p, Offered to view ; presented for nspec tion ; shown ; displayed. EX-HIB'IT-ER, n. One who exhibits ; one who presents a petition or charge. Shak. EX-HIB'IT-ING, p;?r. Offering to view ; presenting; show ing; displaying. EX-HI-BI'TION, 71. [L. exhibitio.] 1. The act of exhibit- ing for inspection ; a showing or presenting to view ; display. 2. The offering, producing or showing of titles, authorities or papers of any kind before a tribunal, m proof of facts. 3. Public show ; representation of feats or actions in public ; display of oratory in public ; any pub- lic show. 4. Allowance of meat and drink ; pension ; salary. 5. Payment; recompense. EX-HI-Bl'TION-ER, 71. In English universities, one who has a pension or allowance, granted for the t^ncourage- ment of learning. EX-HlB'I-TiVE, a. Serving for exhibition , representative JVorris. EX-HIB'I-TiVE-LY, adv. By representation. EX-HIB'I-TO-RY, a. Exhibiting; showing; displaying. EX-HIL A-RATE, (egz-hil'a-rate) v. t. [L. exfilaru.] To make cheerful or merry ; to enliven ; to make glad or joyous ; to gladden ; to cheer. EX-HIL'A-RATE, v. i. To become cheerful or joyous. EX-HIL' A-RA-TED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; cheered , gladdened ; made joyous or jovial. EX-HIL'A-RA-TING, ppr. Enlivening ; giving life and vigor to the spirits ; cheering ; gladdening. EX-HIL- A-Ra 'TION, n. 1. The act of enlivening the spirits ; the act of making glad or cheerful. 2. The state of being enlivened or cheerful. EX-HORT', (egz-hort') v. t. [L. exhortor.] 1. To incite by words or advice ; to animate or urge by arguments to a good deed. 2. To advise ; to warn ; to caution. 3. To incite or stimulate to exertion. EX-HORT', V. i. To deliver exhortation ; to use words or arguments to incite to good deeds. t EX-HORT', n: Exhortation. Pope. EX-HOR-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act or practice of exhorting ; the act of inciting to laudable deeds ; incitement. 2. The form of words intended to incite and encourage. 3. Advice ; counsel. EX-HORT'A-TH^E, a. Containing exhortation. EX-HORT'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to exhort. EX-HORT'ED, pp. Incited by words to good deeds ; am mated to a laudable course of conduct ; advised. EX-HORT'ER, 71. One who exhorts or encourages. EX-HORT'ING, ppr. Inciting to good deeds by words or arguments ; encouraging ; counseling. EX-HU-Ma'TION, n. [Fr., from exhumer.] 1. The digging up of a dead body interred ; the disinterring of a corpse. 2. The digging up of anv thing buried. EX'ie-OATE, EX-I€-€a'TION. See Exsiccate. EX'I-GENCE, } n. [L. exigent.'] 1. Demand ; urgency ; EX'I-GEN-CY, \ urgent need or want. 2. Pressing ne- cessity ; distress ; any case which demands immediate action, supply or remedy. EX'I-GENT, 71. 1. Pressing b-isiness ; occasion that call? for immediate help ; [not used.] — ^2. In ZaiO; a writ which lies where ihe defendant is not to be found, or after a re- turn of 71071 est inventus on former writs. 3. End ; ex- tremity ; [o&5.] Shak. EX'I-6ENT, a. Pressing ; requiring immediate aid. Burke EX'I-6ENT-ER, n. An officer in the court of common pleas in England, wlio makes out exigents and proclama- tions, in cases of outlawry. EX'I-6l-BLE, a. That may be exacted ; demandable. EX-I-GU'I-TY; n. [L. exiguitas.] Smallness ; slendemess [Little used.] Boyle. EX-IG'U-OUS, a. [L. exigwis.] Small; slender; minute diminutive. [Little used.] Harvey. EX'ILE, n. [L. exilium, exul.] 1. Banishment ; the state of being expelled from one's country or place of residence 2. An abandonment of one's country, or removal to a for eign country for residence^ 3. The person banished, or separated from his country. EX-ILE', (egz-ile') v.t. 3. To banish from a country or home ; to drive away, expel or transport from one's country. 2. To drive from one's country by misfortune, necessity or distress. EX-ILE' a. [L. exilis.] Slender ; thin ; fine. EX'tLED, pp. Banished; expelled from one's country by authority. EX'jLE-MENT, 7?. Banishment. EX'lL-lNG, ppr. Banishing ; expelling from one s country ; departing from one's country. EX-I-LI"TI0N, 71. [L. exilio.] A sudden springing or leap- ing out. [Little used.] Brown. EX-IL'I-TY, 71. [L. exilitas.] Slendemess : thinness EX-IM'I-OUS, fl. [L. cximizis.] Excellent [Little u^ed.] tEX-IN'A-NITE, V. t. [L. exinanio.] To luake emfrty ; to weaken. See Synopsis. MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete EXO 318 EXP UX-IN-A-NI'TION, n. [L. exinanitio.] An emptying or evacuation ; lience, privation ; loss ; destitution. [L. u.] EX-IST', (egz-ist'> v. i. [L. existo.] 1. To be ; to have an essence or real being. 2. To live j to have life or anima- tion. 3. To remain : to endure ; to continue in being. EX-IST'ENCE, 71 1. The state of being or having essence. 2. Life ; animation. 3. Continued being ; diiration 5 con- tinuation. EX-IST'ENT, a. Being ; having being or existence. EX-IS-TEN'TIAL, a. Having existence. Bp. Barlow. EX-IS-TI-Ma'T10N, n. [L. existimatio.] Opinion ; esteem. EX'JT, n. [L. ; the 3d person of exeo.] 1 The departure of a player from the stage. 2. Any departure ; the act of quitting the stage of action or of life ; death ; decease. 3. A way of departiue ; passage out of a place. 4. A going out; departure. EX-T"TIAL, } a. [L. exitialis.] Destructive to life. Homi- EX-I"TIOUS, \ lies. EX-LEfiilS-LA-TOK, n. One who has been a legislator, but is not at present. EX-MIN'iS-TER, 11. One who has been minister, but is not in office EX'ODE, n. [Gr. c^oolov.] In the Chreek drama, the con- cluding part of a play. EX'O-DUS, ) n. [Gr. ti,ohos.] 1. Departure from a place ; EX'O-DY, \ particularly, the departure of the Israelites from Egypt under the conduct of Moses. 2. The second book of tlie Old Testament. EX OF-Fi"CI-0. [L.] By virtue of office, and without special authority. EX'0-GLOSS, 71. [Gr. e^w and yXwffda.] A genus of fishes. t EX-0-LeTE', a. [L. exoletus.] Obsolete. t EX-O-LtJ'TION, 71. Laxation of the nerves. tEX-OLVE', V. t. To loose. EX-OMTHA-LOS, n. [Gr. t^ and onfalos.] A navel rup- ture. EX-ON'ER-ATE, (egz-on'er-ate) v. t. [L. exonero.] 1. To unload ; to disburden. Ray. 2. To cast off, as a charge, or as blame resting on one ; to clear of something that lies upon the character. 3. To cast off, as an obligation , to discharge. EX-ON'EE-A-TED, pp. Unloaded ; disburdened ; freed from a charge, imputation or responsibility. EX-ON'ER-A-TING, ppr. Unloading ; disburdening ; free- ing from any charge or imputation. EX-ON-ER-A'TION, n. The act of disburdening or dis- charging ; the act of freeing from a charge. EX-ON'ER-A-TIV E, a. Freeing from an obligation. EX'O-RA-BLE, a. [L. exorabilis.] That may be moved or persuaded by entreaty. EX-ORB'I-TANCE, (egz-or'be-tans) ) n. [L. exorUtans.] EX-ORB'I-TAN-CY, (egz-or'be-tan-sy) \ Literally, 9.going beyond or without the track or usual limit. Hence, enor- mity ; extravagance ; a deviation from rule or the ordi- nary limits of right or propriety. EX-ORB'I-TANT, a. [1,. exorUtans.] 1. izteraZZj/, depart- ing from an orbit or usual track. Hence, deviating from the usual course ; excessive j extravagant ; enormous. 2. Anomalous; not comprehended in a settled rule or method. EX-ORB'I-TANT-LY, adv. Enormously ; excessively. EX-ORB'I-TATE, v. i. To go beyond the usual track or orbit ; to deviate from the usual limit. EX'OR-ClSE, 7;. i. [Gt. t^o(iKi^u>.'\ 1. To adjure by some holy name ; but chiefly, to ' expel evil spirits by conjura- tions, prayers and ceremonies. 2. To purify from unclean spirits by adjurations and ceremonies ; to deliver from the influence of malignant spirits or demons. EX'OR-CiSED, pp. Expelled from a person or place by conjurations and prayers ; freed from demons in like manner. EX'OR-ClS-ER, 71. One who pretends to cast out evil spirits by adjurations and conjuration. EX'OR-CiS-ING, ppr. Expelling evil spirits by prayers and ceremonies. EXOR-CISM, n. [L. exorcismus.'] The expulsion of evil spirits from persons or places by certain adjurations and ceremonies. EX'OR-CIST, n. One who pretends to expel evil spirits by conjuration, prayers and ceremonies. EX-ORD'I-AL, a. Pertaining to the exordium. EX-OR'DI-UM, n. ; plu. Exordiums. [L.] In oratory, the beginning ; the introductory part of a discourse; the pre- face or pjoemial part of a composition. EX-OR-Na'TION, 71. [L. exornatio.] Ornament ; decora- tion ; embellishment. Hooker. EX-ORT'IVE, a. [L. exortiviis.] Rising ; relating to the east. EX-OS'SA-TED, a. Deprived of bones. EX-OS'SE-OUS, a. [L. ex and ossa.] Without bones ; des- titute of bones. EX-OS-To'SIS, n. [Gr. f| and octeov.] Any protuberance of a bone that is not natural. EX-0-TER'I€, } a. [Gr. e^utrepog.] External ; public EX-0-TER'I-€AL, \ opposed to esoteric or secret. The exoteric doctrines of the ancient philosophers were those which were openly professed and taught. EX'0-TER-Y, 71. What is obvious or common. EX-OT'I€, ) a. [Gr. e^wtikos.] Foreign ; pertaining to EX-OT'I-€AL, J or produced in a foreign country ; not native ; extraneous. EX-OT't€, n. 1. A plant, shrub or tree not native ; a plant produced in a foreign country. 2. A word of foreign origin. EX-PAND', V. t. [L. expando.] 1. To open ; to spread. 2. To spread ; to enlarge a surface ; to diffuse. 3. To di- late ; to enlarge in bulk ; to distend. 4. To enlarge ; to extend. EX-PAND', V. i. 1. To open ; to spread. 2. To dilate ; to extend in bulk or surface. 3. To enlarge. EX-PAND'ED, pp. Opened ; spread ; extended ; dilated , enlarged; diffused. EX-PAND'ING, ppr. Opening ; spreading ; extending ; di lating ; diffusing. EX-PANSE', (ex-pans') n. [L. expansum.] A spreading ; extent ; a wide extent of space or body. EX-PAN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being expanded j capacity of extension in surface or bulk. EX-PANS'I-BLE, a. [Ft.] Capable of being expanded or spread ; capable of being extended, dilated or diffused. EX-PANS'ILE, a. Capable of being expanded. EX-PAN'SION, 71. [L. expansio.] 1. The act of expanding 2. The state of bemg expanded ; the enlargement of sur face or bulk ; dilatation. 3. Extent ; space to which any thing is enlarged ; also, pure space or distance between remote bodies. 4. Enlargement. EX-PANS'IVE, a. [Fr.] 1. Having the power to expand, to spread, or to dilate. 2. Having the capacity of being expanded. 3. Widely extended. EX-PANS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being expansive. EX PAR'TE. [L.] On one part ; as a hearing or a council ex parte, on one side only. EX-Pa'TIATE, v. i. [L. expatior.] 1. To move at large ; to rove without prescribed limits ; to wander in space without restraint. 2. To enlarge in discourse or writing ; to be copious in argument or discussion. EX-Pa'TIA-TING, ppr. Roving at large ; enlarging in dis- course or writing. EX-Pa'TIA-TOR, 71. One who amplifies in language. EX-PAT'RI-ATE, or EX-Pa'TRI-ATE, v. t. [Fr. expa- trier.j In a general sense, to banish. — To expatriate one's self, IS to quit one's country, renouncing citizenship and allegiance in that country. EX-PAT'RI-A-TED, or EX-Pa'TRI-A-TED, pp. Banish- ed ; removed from one's native country, with renuncia- tion of citizenship and allegiance. EX-PAT'RI-A-TING, or EX-Pa'TRI-A-TING, ppr. Ban- ishing ; abandoning one's country, with renunciation of allegiance. EX-PAT-RI-a'TION, or EX-Pa-TRI-a'TION, n. Banish- ment. More generally, the forsaking of one's own coun- try, with a renunciation of allegiance. EX-PECT', V. t. [L. cxpecto.] 1. To wait for. 2. To look for ; to have a previous apprehension of something future, whether good or evil ; to entertain at least a slight belief that an event will happen. t EX-PECT', V. i. To wait ; to stay. Sandys. EX-PE€T'A-BLE, a. That may be expected. EX-PE€T'ANCE, > 7t. 1. The act or state of expecting , EX-PECT' AN-CY, \ expectation. 2. Something expect- ed. 3. Hope. EX-PECT'AN-CY, n. In laio, a state of waiting or sus- pension. EX-PECT' ANT, a. 1. Wailing ; looking for. Swift. 2. An expectant estate is one whith is suspended till the deter- mination of a particular estate. EX-PECT' ANT, n. One who expects ; one who waits in expectation ; one held in dependence by his belief or hope of receiving some good. EX-PEC-Ta'TION, n. [L. expectatio.] 1. The act of ex- pecting or looking forward to a future event with at least some reason to believe the event will happen. Expecta- tion differs from hope. Hope originates in desire, and may exist with little or no ground of belief that the desired event will arrive. Expectation is founded on some rea- sons which render the event probable. Hope is directed to some good ; expectation is directed to good or evil. 2. The state of expecting, either with hope or fear. 3. Pros- pect of good to come. 4. The object of expectation ; the expected Messiah. 5. A state or qualities in a person v/hich excite expectations in others of some future excel- lence. — 6. In chances, expectation is applied to contingent events, and is reducible to computation. t EX-PECT' A-TIVE, n. That which is expected. t EX-PECT' A-TIVE, a. Expecting. Cotgrave EX-PECT'ER, n. One who expects ; one who waits for something, or for another person. Swift. * See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, C, Y, long.— FAR, PALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD j— t Obsolete EXP 319 EXP EX-PE€rPING, p]n: Waiting or looking for the arrival of. EX-PE€'TO-RANT, a. Having the quality of promoting discharges from the lungs. EX-PE€'TO-RANT, n. A medicine which promotes dis- charges from the lungs. EX-PE€'TO-RATE, v. t. [L. expectoro.] To eject from the trachea or lungs ; to discharge phlegm or other matter, by coughing. EX-PE€'TO-RA-TED, pp. Discharged from the lungs. EX-PEC'TO-RA-TING, ppr. Throwing from the lungs. EX-PE€-TO-Ra'TION, n. The act of discharging phlegm or mucus from the lungs, by coughing. EX-PEC'TO-RA-TIVE, a. Having the quality of promoting expectoration. f EX-Pe'DI-ATE, v. t. To expedite. EX-Pe'DI-ENCE, In. 1. Fitness or suitableness to effect EX-Pe'DI-EN-CY, ] some good end, or the purpose in- tended ; propriety under the particular circumstances of a case. 2. Expedition ; adventure ; [obs.} 3. Expedition ; haste ; dispatch ; [obs.'j EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. [L. expediens.] 1. Tending to promote the object proposed ; tit or suitable for the purpose ; prop- er under the circumstances. 2. Useful ; profitable. 3. Q,uick ; expeditious ; [obs.] EX-Pe'DI-ENT, n. 1. That which serves to promote or ad- vance ; any means which maybe employed to accomplish an end. 2. Shift ; means devised or employed in an exi- gency. EX-Pe'DI-ENT-LY, adv. 1. Filly j suitably ; conveniently. 2. HastUy ; quickly ; [obs.] EX-PEDfJ-TATE, v. t. {L. ex and pes.] In the forest laws of England, to cut out the balls or claws of a dog's fore feet, for the preservation of the king's game. EX-PED-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of cutting out the balls or claws of a dog's fore feet. EX'PE-DlTE,w t. [L.expedio.] 1. To hasten; to quicken 5 to accelerate motion or progress. 2. To dispatch ; to send from. 3. To hasten by rendering easy. EX'PE-DlTE, a. [L. expeditus.] 1. Quick ; speedy ; expe- ditious. 2. Easy ; unencumbered. 3. Active ; nimble ; ready ; prompt. 4. Light-armed ; [obs.] EX'PE-DlTE-LY, adv. Readily ; hastily 5 speedily ; promptly. EX-PE-DI"TION, n. [L. expeditio.] 1. Haste 5 speed ; quickness ; dispatch. 2. The march of an army, or the voyage of a fleet, to a distant place, for hostile purposes. 3. Any enterprise, undertaking or attempt by a number of persons ; or the collective body which undertakes. EX-PE-DI"TIOUS, a. 1. Quick ; hasty ; speedy. 2. Nim- ble ; active ; swift ; acting with celerity. EX-PE-DI"TIOUS-LY, adv. Speedily ; hastily ; with ce- lerity or dispatch. EX-PED'I-TlVE, a. Performing with speed. Bacon. EX-PEL', V. t. [L. eI'EK,, n. One who explains ; an expositor ; a commentator ; an interpreter, Harris. EX-PLAIN'ING, ppr. Expounding ; illustrating ; interpret- ing ; openmg to the understanding; clearing of obscu- rity, EX-PLA-Na'TION, n. [L, explanatio.] 1. The act of ex- plaining, expounding or interpreting ; exposition ; illus- tration ; interpretation ; the act of clearing from obscurity and making intelligible. 2. The sense given by an ex- pounder or interpreter. 3. A mutual exposition of terms, meaning or motives, with a view to adjust a misunder- standing, and reconcile differences; reconciliation, EX-PLAN'A-TO-RY, u. Serving to explain; containing explanation. EX-PLe'TION, n. [li. expletio.} Accomplishment ; fulfill- ment. ( Little 2ised.] Killingbeck. EX'PLi:.-4'lVE, a. [Fx. expletif.] Filling ; added for sup- ply or ornament. EX'PLE-TlVE, n. In language, a word or syllable insert- ed to fill a vacancy, or for ornament. EX'PLI-€A-BLE, a. [L, explicahilis.] 1. Explainable ; that may be unfolded to the mind ; that may be made in- telligible, 2. That may be accounted for. EX'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [L, explico.] 1. To unfold ; to ex- pand ; to open. 2, To unfold the meaning or sense ; to explain ; to clear of difficulties or obscurity ; to inter- pret, EX'PLI-GA-TED, pp. Unfolded; explained. EX'PL1-€A-TING, ppr. Unfolding ; explainhig ; inter- preting, EX-PLI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of opening or unfolding. 2. The act of explaining ; explanation ; exposition ; in- terpretation, 3, The sense given by an expositor or in- terpreter, EX'PLI-€A-TlVE, or EXTLI-€A-TO-RY, a. Serving to unfold or explain ; tending to lay open to the under- standing. EX'PLT-€A-TOR, n. One who unfolds or explains. EX-PLIC'IT, a. [L. e.rpZicitus,] Literally, unfolded. Hence, plain in language ; clear, not obscure or ambiguous ; ex- press, not merely implied ; open ; unreserved ; having no disguised meaning or reservation, I EX'PLIC-IT, [L.] A word found at the conclusion of our old books, signifying the end,, or it is finished, as we now find^?iis, EX-PLIC'IT-LY, adv. Plainly; expressly; without du- plicity ; without disguise or reservation of meaning, EX-PLIC'IT-NESS, n. Plainness of language or expres- sion ;_clearness; direct expression. EX-PLoDE', V. i. [L. explodo.] To utter a report with sudden violence ; to burst and expand with force and a violent report. EX-PLoDE', v.t. 1. To decry or reject with noise; to express disapprobation of, with noise or marks of con- tempt, 2, To reject with any marks of disapprobation or disdain : to treat with contempt, and drive from notice ; to drive into disrepute ; or, in general, to condemn ; to re- ject ; to cry down. 3, To drive out with violence and noise, EX-PLoD'ED, pp. Driven away by Msst^s or noise ; reject- ed ; condemned ; cried down", EX-PLoD'ER, n. One who explodes or rejects, EX-PLoD'ING, jipr. Bmsting and expanding with force and a violent report ; rejecting ; condemning. EX-PLOIT', 71. [Fr. exploit.] 1. A deed or act; more es- pecially, a heroic act; a deed of renown ; a gi-eat or noble achievement. [Exploiture, in a like sense, is not in use ] — ^2, In a ludicrous sense, a great act of wickedness, t EX-PLOIT', ?). t. To achieve. Camden. t EX-PLO'RATE, V. t. To explore. See Explore, EX-PLO-Ra'TION, n. The act of exploring ; close search ; strict or careful examination. EX-PLO-Ra'TOR, n. One who explores, EX-PLoR'A-TO-RY, a. Serving to explore ; examining, EX-PLoRE', V. t. [L. exploro.] 1. To search for making discovery ; to view with care ; to examine closely by the eye. 2. To search by any means , to try. 3. To search or pry into : to scrutinize ; to inquire with care j to ex • amine closely with a view to discover truth. EX-PLoR'ED, (ex-pl6rd');?p. Searched; viewed ; examin- ed closely. EX-PLoRE'MENT, n. Search ; trial, [Little used.] EX-PLOR'ING, P2''*- Searching ; viewing; examining, EX-PLo'SION, n. 1. A bursting with noise ; a bursting or sudden expansion of any elastic fluid, with force and a loud report, 2, The discharge of a piece of ordnance 3, The sudden burst of sound in a volcano, &c. EX-PLo'SIVE, a. Driving or bursting out with violence and noisej causing explosion. EX-PO-LI-a'TION, n. [L. expoUatio.] A spoiling ; a wast- ing. See Spoliation. f EX-POL'ISH, for polish, a useless word, EX-Po'NENT, 71. [L, exponens.] 1, In algebra, the num- ber or figure which, placed above a root at the right hand, denotes how often that root is repeated, or how many multiplications are necessary to produce the power, 2. The exponent of the ratio or proportion between two num- bers or quantities, is the quotient arising when the ante- cedent is divided by the consequent, EX-PO-NEN'TIAL, a. Exponential curves are such as par- take both of the nature of algebraic and transcendental ones. EX-P6ET', V. t, [L, exporto.] To carry out ; to convey or transport, in traffick, produce and goods from one coun- try to another, EX'PORT, 71, A commodity actually conveyed from one country or state to another in traffick, or a commodity which m?.y be exported. EX-PoRT'lA-BLE, a. That may be exported. EX-POR-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of exporting ; the act of conveying goods and productions from one country or state to another. 2. The act ot carrying out. EX-PoRT'ED, pp. Carried out of a country or state in trafiick. EX-P6RT'ER, 71. The person who exports. EX-PoRT'ING, ppr. Conveying to a foreign country. EX'PORT-TRADE, n. The trade which consists in the ex portation of commodities, t EX-PoS'AL, 71. Exposure, Swift. EX-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. exposer.] 1. To lay open ; to set to public view ; to disclose ; to uncover or draw from con cealment. 2, To make bare ; to uncover ; to remove from any thing that which guards or protects, 3, To re- move from shelter ; to place in a situation to be affected or acted on. 4, To lay open to attack, by any means. 5. To make liable ; to subject, 6. To put in the power of, 7, To lay open to censure, ridicule or contempt. 8. To lay open, in almost any manner. 9, To put in dan- ger, 10, To cast out to chance ; to place abroad, or in a situation unprotected, II, To lay open ; to make pub- lic, 12, To offer ; to place in a situation to invite pur- chasers, 13, To offer to inspection, EX-PoS'ED, (ex-pozd') pp. Laid open ; laid bare ; uncov- ered ; unprotected ; made liable to attack ; offered for sale ; disclosed ; made public ; offered to view. EX-PoS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being exposed, open to at- tack, or unprotected. Edwards. EX-POS'ER, n. One who exposes, EX-PoS'ING, ppr. Lying or laying open ; making bare , putting in danger; disclosing; placing in any situation without protection ; offering to inspection or to sale. EX-PO-Sl"TION, 71. 1 . A laying open ; a setting to public view. 2. A situation in which a thing is exposed or laid open, or in which it has an unobstructed view, or in which a free passage to it is open. 3. Explanation ; in- terpretation. EX-POS'I-TIVE, a. Explanatory ; laying open. EX-POS'I-TOR, 71. [L.] 1, One who expounds or explains ; an interpreter. 2. A dictionary or vocabulary which ex- plains words. EX-POS'I-TO-RY, a. Serving to explain or illustrate. EX Post facto, [L,] in law, done after another thing. An ex post facto law, in criminal cases, consists in de- claring an act penal or criminal, which was innocent when done, — An ex post facto law is one that renders an act punishable in a manner in which it was not punisha- ble at the time it was committed, EX-POS'TU-LATE, v. i. [L. expostulo.] To reason earn- estly with a person, on some impropriety of his con- duct. t EX-POS'TU-LATE, v. t. To discuss ; to examine, EX-POS'TU-LA-TING, ppr. Reasoning or urging argu- ments against any improper conduct. EX-POS-TU-La'TION, n. 1. Reasoning with a person in opposition to his conduct. — 2. In rhetoric, an address con- taining expostulation. EX-POS'TU-LA-TOR, n. One who expostulates, EX-POS'TU-LA-TO-RY, a. Containing expostulation. EX-Po'SURE, (.ex-po'zhur) n. 1. The act of exposing or laying open, 2, The state of being laid open to view, to danger, or to any inconvenience. 3, The situation of a See Synopsis. A, K, l, O, O, "?, io7i^,— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD ;— j Obsolete EXP 321 EXT place in regard to points of compass, or to a free access of air or light. EX-POUND', V. t. [L, expono.] 1. To explain; to lay open the meaning ; to clear of obscurity ; to interpret. 2. To lay open ; to examine ; [obs.] EX-POUJN'D'ED, pp. Explained; interpreted. EX-POUND'ER, n. An explainer ; one who interprets. EX-POUND'IiN^G, ppr. Explaining ; laying open ; making clear to the understanding ; interpreting. EX-PRe'FE€T, 71. A prefect out of office. EX-PRESI-DENT, n. One who has been president, but is no longer in the office. EX-PRESS', V, t. [Sp. expresar.] 1. To press cr squeeze out ; to force out by pressure. 2. To utter ; to declare in words ; to speak. 3. To write or engrave ; to represent in written words or language. 4. To represent ; to exhibit by copy or resemblance. 5. To represent or show by imitation or the imitative arts ; to form a likeness. 6. To show or make known ; to indicate. 7 To denote ; to designate. 8. To extort ; to elicit. EX-PRESS', a. 1. Plain ; clear ; expressed ; direct ; not ambiguous. 2. Given in direct tenns ; not implied or left to inference. 3. Copied ; resembling ; bearing an exact representation. 4. Intended or sent for a particular pur- pose, or on a particular errand. EX-PRESS', 71. 1. A messenger sent on a particular errand or occasion. 2. A message sent. 3. A declaration in plain terms ; [obs.] EX-PRESS'ED, (ex-presf) pp. Squeezed or forced out, as juice or liquor ; uttered in words ; set down in writing or letters ; declared ; represented ; shown. EX-PRESS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be expressed ; that may be uttered, declared, shown or represented. 2. That may be squeezed out. EX-PRESS'TNG, ppr. Forcing out by pressure ; uttering ; declaring ; showing ; representing. EX-PRES'SION, n. 1. The act of expressing ; the act of forcing out by pressure. 2. The act of uttering, declar- ing or representing; utterance; declaration; representa- tion. 3. A phrase, or mode of speech. — 4. In rhetoric, el- ocution ; diction; the peculiar manner of utterance, suit- ed to the subject and sentiment. — 5. In painting, a natu- ral and lively representation of the subject. — 6. In music, the tone, grace or modulation of voice or sound suited to any particular subject ; that manner which gives life and reality to ideas and sentiments. — 7. Theatrical expression ]s a distinct, sonorous and pleasing pronunciation, accom- panied with action suited to the subject. EX-PRESS'iVE, a. 1. Serving to express ; serving to utter or represent. 2. Representing with force ; emphatical. 3. Showing ; representing. j3X-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In an expressive manner ; clear- ly ; fully ; with a clear representation. * EX-PRESS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being express- ive ; the power of expression or representation by words. 2. The power or force of representation ; the quality of presenting a subject strongly to the senses or to the mind. EX-PRESS'LY, adv. In direct terms ; plainly. t EX-PRESS'NESS, n. The power of expression. Ham- mond. EX-PRESS'URE, n. Expression; utterance; representa- tion ; mark ; impression. \Liitle used.] * EX'PRO-BRATE, or EX-PRo'BRATE, v. t. [L. expro- bro.] To upbraid ; to censure as reproachful; to blame ; to condemn. EX-PRO-BRa'TION , n. The act of charging or censuring reproachfully ; reproachful accusation ; the act of up- braiding. EX-PROB'RA-TiVE, a. Upbraiding ; expressing reproach. EX-PRO'PRI-ATE, v. t. [L. ex and proprius.] To disen- gage from appropriation ; to hold no longer as one's own; to give up a claim to exclusive property. EX-PRO-PRI-A'TION, n. The act of discarding appropri- ation, or declining to hold as one's own. EX-PuGN', (ex-piine') v. t. [L. expugno.] To conquer ; to take by assault, Johnson. EX-PUG'NA-BLE, a. That may be forced. EX-PUG-Na'TION, 71. Conquest ; the act of taking by as- sault. EX-PuGN'ER, (ex-pun'er) n. One who subdues. EX-PULSE', (ex-puls') v. t. [Fr. expulser.] To drive out ; to expel. [Little used.] Shak. fEX-PUL'SER, 71. An expeller. Cotgrave. EX-PUL'SION, 71. 1. The act of driving out or expelling ; a driving away by violence. 2. The state of being driven out or away. EX-PUL'SIVE, a. Having the power of driving out or away ; serving to expel. Wiseman. EX-PUN€iTI0N,7i. The act of expunging ; the actof blot- ling out or erasing. Milton. EX-PTJN6E', (ex-punj') v. t. [L. expunge] 1. To blot out, as with a pen ; to rub out ; to effiice, as words ; to obliterate. 2. To efface ; to strike out; to wipe out or de- stroy ; to annihilate. EX-PUN6'ED, (ex-punj d') pp. Blotted out; obliterated destroyed. EX-PUN6'ING, ppr. Blotting out; erasing; effacing. EX 'PUR-GATE, v. t. [L. expurgo.] To pmge ; to cleanse ; to purify from any thing noxious, offensive or erroneous. EX'PUR-GA-TED, pp. Purged ; cleansed ; purified. EX'PUR-GA-TING,p^r. Purging; cleansing; purifying. EX-PUR-Ga'TION, 71. 1. The act of purging or cleansing • evacuation. 2. A cleansing; purification. EX'PUR-GA-TOR, n. One who expurgates or purifies. tEX-PUR-GA-TO'RI-OUS, a. Expunging. Milton. EX-PURG'A-TO-EY, a. Cleansing ; purifying ; serving to purify from any thing noxious or erroneous, t EX-PURGE', (ex-purj') v. t. [L. expurgo.'] To purge away. Milton. t EX-QUIRE', V. t. [L. exquiro] To search iuto or out. EX'Q,UI-SlTE, a. [L. exqvisitus.] I. Nice ; exact ; very excellent ; complete ; capable of nice perception ; capable of nice discrimination. 2. Being in the highest degree extreme. 3. Very sensibly felt. EX'aUI-SiTE-LY, adv. I. Nicely; accurately; with great perfection. 2. With keen sensation or with nice perception. EX'aUI-SlTE-NESS, 7i. 1. Nicety; exactness; accuracy; completeness ; perfection. 2. Keenness ; sharpness ; ex- tremity. t EX-aUIS'I-TlVE, a. Curious ; eager to discover. t EX-QUIS'I-TiVE-LY, adv. Curiously ; minutely. EX-REP-RE-SENT' A-TlVE, n. One who has been for- merly a representative, but is no longer one. EX-SAN'GUI-OUS, a. [L. exsanguis.] Destitute of blood, or rather of red blood. EX-SCIND', V. t. [L. exscindo.] To cut off. [Little used.] t EX-SCRIBE', V. t. [L. exscribo.] To copy ; to transcribe t EX'SCEIPT, 71. A copy ; a transcript. EX-SE€'RE-TA-RY, n. One who has been secretary, but is no longer in office. EX-SECTION, n. [L. exsectio.] A cutting off. EX-SEN'A-TOR, n. One who has been a senator, but is no longer one. EX-SERT', I a. [L. cxsero.] Standing out ; protruded EX-SERT'ED, ] from the corol. EX-SERT'ILE, a. That may be thrust out. EX-SI€'CANT, a. Drying ; evaporating moisture ; having the quality of drying. * EX'SI€-€ATE, or EX-SI€'€ATE, v. t. [L. exsicco.] To dry ; to exhaust or evaporate moisture. Brown. * EX'SI€-€A-TED, or EX-SI€'€A-TED, pp. Dried. * EX'SI€-eA-TING, or EX-SI€'€A-TING, ppr. Drying ; evaporating moisture. EX-SI€-Ca'TION, n. The act or operation of drying; evaporation of moisture ; dryness. Brown. EX-SfC'CA-TlVE, a. Having the power of drymg. EX-SPU-i"TION, I n. [L. expuo.] A discharge of saliva by EX-PU-l"TION, \ spitting. EX-STIP'U-LATE, a. [L. ex and stipula.] In botamj, hav- ing no stipules. EX-SU€'€OUS, a. [L. exsuccus.] Destitute of juice ; dry, BroiDJi, EX-SUCTION, 71. [L. exugo.] The act of sucking out. Boyle. EX-SU-Da'TION, n. [L. exudo.] I. A sweating; a dis- charge of humors or moisture from animal bodies, 2. The discharge of the juices of a plant, moisture from the earth, &c. EX-SuDE', V. t. To discharge the moisture cr juices of a living body through the pores ; also, to discharge the liquid matter of a plant by incisions. EX-SuDE', V. i. To flow from a living body through the pores, or by a natural discharge, as juice. EX-StJD'ED, pp. Emitted, as juice. EX-StJD'ING, ppr. Discharging, as juice. EX-SUF-FLa TION. n. [L. ex and sufflo.] 1. A'blowing or blast from beneath. 2. A kind of exorcism. t EX-SUF'FO-LATE, a. Contemptible. Shak. t EX-SUS'CI-TATE, 7;. t. [L. exs^iscito.] To rouse ; to ex- cite. t EX-SUS-CI-Ta'TION, n. A stirring up ; a rousing. t EX'TANCE, 71. [L. extans.] Outward existence. EX'TAN-CY, 71. [L. exstans.] 1. The state of rising above others. 2. Parts rising above the rest ; [little v^ed.] Boyle. EX'TANT, a. [L. exstans, extans.] 1. Standing out 01 above any surface; protruded. 2. In being; now sub- sisting ; not suppressed, destroyed or lost. EX'TA-SY, EX-TAT'IC. See Ecstasy, Ecstatic. EX-TEM'PO-RA.L, a. [L. extemporalis.] 1. Made or uttered at the moment, without premeditation. 2. Speaking without premeditation. Instead of this word, extempora neous and extemporary are now used. EX-TEM'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Without premeditation. t EX-TEM-PO- iA'NE-AN. See EtTEMPORANEotJS. EX-TEM-PO-R.v'NE-OUS, a. [L. exUmporaneus.] Corn- See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; 6 as J ; S at Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tkis. f Oiaolett. EXT 322 EXT posed, performed or uttered at the tinje the subject occurs, without previous study ; unpremeditated. EX-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Without previous study. EX-TEM'PO-RA-RI-LY, adv. Without previous study. £X-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [L. ex and temporarius.] Com- posed, performed or uttered without previous study or preparation. EX-TEM'PO-RE, adv. [L.] 1. Without previous study or meditation ; without preparation ; suddenly. 2. It is used as an adjective, improperly, or at least without ne- cessity. EX-TEM'PO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being unpremedi- tated ; the state of being composed, performed or uttered without previous study. EX-TEM'PO-RiZE, v. i. 1. To speak extempore ; to speak without previous study or preparation. 2. To discoorse without notes or written composition. EX-TEM'PO-RlZ-ER, n. One who speaks without previous study, or without written composition. EX-TEM'PO-RiZ-ING, jppr. Speaking without previous study, or preparation by writing. EX-TEND', V. t. [L. extendo.] 1. To stretch in any direc- tion; to cairy forward, or continue in len^h, as a line ; to spread in breadth ; to expand or dilate in size. 2. To stretch ; to reach forth. 3. To spread ; to expand ; to enlarge ; to widen. 4. To conthiue ; to prolong j as, to extend the time of payment. 5. To communicate; to be- stow on ; to use or exercise towards. 6. To impart ; to yield or give.— 7, In law, to value lands taken by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt; or to levy on lands, as an execution. EX-TEND', V. i. To stretch ; to reach ; to be continued in length or breadth. EX-TEND'ED, pp. Stretched ; spread ; expanded ; enlarg- ed ; bestowed on ; communicated ; levied. EX-TEND'ER, n. He or that which extends or stretches. EX-TEND'I-BLE, a. Capable of being extended. EX-TEND'ING, ppr. Stretching ; reachmg ; continuing m length ; spreading ; enlarging ; valuing. t EX-TEND'LESS-NESS, n. Unlimited extension. EX-TENS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being extended, or of suffering extension. EX-TENS'I-BLE, a. That may be extended ; susceptible of enlargement. EX-TENS'I-BLE-NESS, n. ExtensibUity. EX-TENS'ILE, a. Capable of being extended. EX-TEN'SION, n. [L. extensio.] 1. The act of extending; a stretching. 2. The state of being extended; enlarge- ment in breadth, or continuation of length. — 3. In philos- ophy, that property of a body by which it occupies a por- tion of space. t EX-TEN'SION-AL, a. Having great extent. More. EX-TENS'IVE, a. 1. Wide ; large ; having great enlarge- ment or extent. 2. That may be extended ; [ofo.] EX-TENS'IVE-LY, adv. Widely ; to a great extent. EX-TENS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Wideness ; largeness; extent. 2. Extent; diffusiveness. 3. Capacity of being extend- ed. Ray. EX-TENS'OR, n. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to extend or straighten any part of the body. EX-TENT', n. Extended. Spenser. EX-TENT', 71. [L. extentus.'] 1. Space or degree to which a thing is extended ; compass ; bulk ; size. 2. Length. 3. Communication ; distribution.— 4. In law, a writ of execution, or extendi facias , commanding a sheriff to value the lands of a debtor. EX-TEN'U-ATE, v. t. [L. extemio.l 1. To make thin, lean or slender. 2. To lessen ; to diminish, as a crime or guilt. 3. To lessen in representation ; to palliate. 4. To lessen or diminish in honor. 5. To make thin or rare. t EX-TEN'U-ATE, a. Thin ; slender. EX-TEN' U-A-TED, pp. Made thin, lean or slender ; made smaller ; lessened ; diminished ; palliated. EX-TEN'U-A-TING, ppr. Making thin or slender ; lessen- ing ; dimiiiishing ; palliating ; making rare. EX-TEN-U-A'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin; the process of growing thin or lean ; the losing of flesh, 2. The act representing any thing less wrong, faulty or crimmal than it is in fact ; palliation. 3. Mitigation ; alleviation. EX-Te'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. External ; outward ; applied to the outside or outer surface of a body, and opposed to interior. 2 External ; on the outside, with reference to a person ; extrinsic. 3. Foreign ; relating to foreign na- tions. EX-Te'RI-OR, 71. 1. The outward surface ; that which is external. 2. Outward or visible deportment ; appearance. t EX-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, 71. Outwardness; the superficies. Cotgrave. EX-Te'RI-OR-LY, ad:> Outwardly , externally. EX-Te'RI-ORS, 71. plu. 1. The outward parts of a thing. 2. Outward or external deportment, or forms and cere- monies ; visible acts. EX-TERM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. extermmo.] I. To destroy utterly ; to drive away ; to extirpate. 2. To eradicate ; to root out ; to extirpate. 3. To root out, as plants ; to extirpate. — 4. In algebra, to take away. EX-TERM'I-NA-TED, pp. Utterly driven away or destroy- ed ; eradicated ; extirpated. EX-TERM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Driving away, or totally de- stroying ; eradicating ; extirpating. EX-TERM-I-Na'TION, 71. 1. The act of exterminating ; total expulsion or destruction ; eradication ; extirpation ; excision. — 2. In algebra, a taking away. EX-TERM'I-NA-TOR, n. He or that which exterminates. EX-TERM'I-NA-TO-RY, a. Serving to exterminate, t EX-TERM'INE, v. t. To exterminate. Shak. EX-TERN', a. [L. externus.] 1. External ; outward ; vis- ible. 2. Without itself ; not inherent ; not intrinsic, EX-TERN'AL, a. [L. externus.] 1. Outward; exterior; as tiie external surface of a body ; opposed to internal. 2. Outward ; not intrinsic ; not being within. 3. Exte- rior ; visible ; apparent. 4. Foreign ; relating to or con- nected with foreign nations EX-TER-NAL'I-TY, n. External perception. A. Smith. EX-TERN' AL-LY, adv. 1. Outwardly; on the outside. 2. In appearance ; visibly. EX-TERN'ALS, n. plu. 1. The outward parts; exterior form. 2. Outward rites and ceremonies ; visible forms. EX-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. exterraneus.] Foreign ; com- ing from abroad. EX-TER'SION, n. [L. extersio.] The act of wiping or rub- bing out. EX-TILL', V. i. [L. extillo.] To drop or distil from. EX-TIL-La'TION, 71. The act of falling in drops. t EX-TIM'U-LATE. See Stimulate. EX-TIBI-U-La'TION. See Stimulation. EX-TIN€T', a. [L. extinctus.] 1. Extinguished ; put oui , quenched. 2. Being at an end ; having no survivor. 3. Being at an end; having ceased. 4. Being at an end, by abolition or disuse ; having no force. t EX-TIN€T', V. t. To make extinct ; to put out. .Sets of Pari. EX-TIN€'TION, n. [L. extinctio.] 1. The act of putting out or destroying light or fire. 2. The state of being ex- tinguished, quenched or suffocated. 3. Destruction ; ex- cision. 4. Destruction ; suppression ; a putting an end to. EX-TIN'GUISH, v.t. [L. extinguo.] 1. To put out; to quench ; to suffocate ; to destroy. 2. To destroy ; to put an end to. 3. To cloud or obscure by superior splendor EX-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. That may be quenched, de- stroyed or suppressed. EX-TIN'GUISHED, pp. Put out ; quenched ; stifled ; sup- pressed ; destroved. EX-TIN'GUISH-ER, n. 1. He or that which extinguishes. 2. A hollow conical utensil to be put on a candle to ex- tinguish it. EX-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. Putting out; quenchmg; sup- pressing ; destroying. EX-TIN'GUISH-MENT, n. 1. The act of putting out or quenching ; extinction ; suppression ; destruction. 2. Ab- olition ; nullification. 3. Extinction; a putting an end to, or a coming to an end ; termination. 4. The putting an end to a right or estate, by consolidation or union. t EX-TiRP', V. t. To extirpate. Spenser. EX-TiRP'A-BLE, a. That may be eradicated. * EX'TIR-PATE, or EX-TtR'PATE, v. t. [L. extirpo.] 1. Tn pull or pluck up by the roots ; to root out ; to erad- icate ; to destroy totally. 2. To eradicate ; to root out ; to destroy wholly. — 3. In surgery, to cut out ; to cut off; to eat out ; to remove. * EX'TIR-PA-TED, or EX-TiR'PA-TED, pp. Plucked up bv the roots ; rooted out ; eradicated ; totally destroyed. * EX'TIR-PA-TING, or EX-TiR'PA-TING, ppr. Pulling up or out by the roots ; eradicating ; totally destroying. EX-TIR-Pa'TION, 71. The act of rooting out; eradication; excision ; total destruction. EX'TIR-PA-TOR, 71. One who roots out ; a destroyer. t EX-ri-SPl"CIOUS, a. [L. extispicium.] Augurial ; rela- ting to the inspection of entrails in order to prognostica- tion. Brown. EX-TOL', v. t. [L. extollo.] To raise in words or eulogy ; to praise ; to exalt in commendation ; to magnify. EX-TOL'LED, (ex-told') ppr. Exalted in commendation ; praised ; magnified. EX-TOL'LER, n. One who praises or magnifies ; a praiser or magnifier. EX-TOL'LING, ppr. Praising ; exalting by praise or com- mendation ; magnifying. EX-TORS'IVE, a. Serving to extort ; tending to draw from by compulsion. EX-TORS'IVE-LY, adv. In an extorsive manner. EX-TORT'. V. t. [L. extortus.] 1. To draw from by force or compulsion ; to wrest or wring from. 2. To gain bj violence or oppression. EX-TORT', V. i. To practice extortion. Spenser. t EX-TORT', pp. for extorted. Spenser. See Synopsis J , E, I, O, U, Y, long - FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete EXT 323 EXU EX -TORT'ED, pp. Drawn from by compulsion. EX-TORT'ER, n. One who extorts. Camden. EX-TORT mG , ppr. Wresting from by force. £X-TOR'TIO?^ , n. 1. The act of extorting; the act or practice of wresting any thing from a person by fnrce, duress, menai:es, authority, or by any undue exercise of power; illegal exaction; illegal compulsion. 2. Force or ihegal compulsion, by which any thing is taken from a person. EX-TORTION-ER, 71. One who practices extortion. EX-TOR'TIOUS, a. Oppressive ; violent ; unjust. EX'TRA, a Latin preposition, denoting beyond or excess ; as, extra-work, extra-pay, work or pay beyond what is usual or agreed on. EX-TRAOT', V. t. [L. extractus.] 1. To draw out. 2. To draw out, as the juices or essence of a substance, by dis- tillation, solution or other means. 3. To take out ; to take from. 4. To take out or select a part ; to take a passage or passages from a book or writing. — 5. In a gen- eral sense, to draw from by any means or operation. EX'TRAOT, n. 1. That which is extracted or drawn from something. — 2. In liter aturr ^ a passage taken from a book or writing. — 3. In pharmacy, any thing drawn from a substance, as essences, tinctures, &c. — ^L In chemistry, a peculiar principle, supposed to form the basis of all vege- table extracts ; called also the extractive principle. 5. Ex- traction; descent; [obs.'] EX-TRACT'ED, pp. Drawn or taken out. EX-TRA€T'ING, ppr. Drawing or taking out. EX-TRA€'TION, n. [L. extractio.'] 1. The act of drawing out. 2. Descent; lineage; birth; derivation of persons from a stock or family. — 3. In pharmacy, the operation of drawing essences, tinctures, fee. from a substance. — 4. In arithmetic and algebra, the extraction of roots is the oper- ation of finding the root of a given number or quantity ; also, the method or rule by which the operation is per- fonned. EX-TRA€T'IVE, a. That may be extracted. Kirwan. EX-TRA€T'IVE, ?t. The proximate principle of vegetable extracts. EX-TRA€T'OR, v. In midwifery, a forceps or instrument for extracting children. t EX-TRA-DIO'TION-A-RY, a. [L. extra and dictio.'] Con- sisting not in words, but in realities. Brown. EX-TRA-Do'TAL, a. Not belonging to dower ; parapher- nal. Kent. EX-TRA-FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. extra and folium.'] In botany, growing on the outside of a leaf. EX-TRA-Ge'NE-OUS, a. [L. extra and genus.'] Belonging to another kind EX-TRA-JU-Di'CIAL, a. Out of the proper court, or the ordinary course of legal procedure. EX-TRA-JU-Dl'CIAL-LY, adv. In a manner out of the ordinary course of legal proceedings. EX-TRA-LIM'I-TA-RY, a. [extra and limit.] Being be- yond the limit or bounds. Mitford. EX-TRA-MIS'SION, n. A sending out ; emission, EX-TRA-MUX'DANE, a. ['L. extra an&mundus.] Beyond the limit of the material world. EX-TRa'NE-OUS, a. [L. extraneus.] Foreign ; not be- longing to a thing ; existing without ; not intrinsic. EX-TRAORDI-NA-RIES, n. plu. Things which exceed the usual order, kind or metliod. EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RI-LY, (ex-tror'de-na-ri-ly) adv. In a manner out of the ordinary or usual method ; beyond the common course, limits or order ; in an uncommon degree ; remarkably ; particularly ; eminently. EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RI-N£SS, n. Uncommonness ; re- markableness. EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, (ex-tror'de-na-ry) a. [L. extraor- dinariu.o.] 1. Beyond or out of the common order or method ; not in the usual, customary or regular course ; not ordinary. 2. Exceeding the common degree or meas- ure ; hence, remarkable ; uncommon ; rare"; wonderfiil. 3. Special ; particular ; sent for a special purpose, or on a particular occasion. EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, n. Any thing which exceeds or- dinary method or computation. Uncommon in the singu- lar number. EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, adv. ExtraordinariJy. EX-TRA-PA-Ro'€HI-AL, a. [extra and parochial.] Not within the limits of any parish. EX-TRA-PRO FES'SION-AL, a. Foreign to a profession ; not within the ordinarv limits of professional duty. EX-TRA-PRO-VIN'CIAL, a. Not within the same prov- ince. EX-TRA-REG'U-LAR, a. [extra and regular.] Not coaa- prehended within a rule or rules. Taylor. EX-TRA-TER-RI-TO'RI-AL, a. Being beyond or without the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction. tEX-TRAlTGHT, old pp. of extract. EX-TRAV'A-GANCE; ; n. [L. extra and vagans.] 1. Lit- EX-TRAV'A-GAN-CY, \ erally, a wandering beyond a limit. 2. A going bej'ond the limits of strict truth, or probability. 3. Excess of affection, passion or appetite 4. Excess in expenditures of property ; the expending of money without necessity, or beyond what is reasonable or proper ; dissipation. 5. Any excess or wandering ficom prescribed limits ; irregularity ; wilduess. EX-TRAV'A-GANT, a. 1. Literally, wandering beyond limits. 2. Excessive ; exceeding due bounds ; unreason able. 3. Irregular ; wild ; not within ordinary limits of truth or probability, or other usual bounds. 4. Exceeding necessity or propriety; wasteful. 5. Prodigal; profuse in expenses. EX-TRAV'A-GANT, n. One who is confined to no general rule. L^ Estrange. EX-TRAV'A-GANT-LY, adv. 1. In an extravagant man- ner ; wildly ; not within the limits of truth or probability 2. Unreasonably ; excessively. 3. In a manner to use property without necessity or propriety, or to no good purpose ; expensively, or profusely to an unjustifiable degree. EX-TRAV'A-GANT-NESS, n. Excess ; extravagance. EX-TRAV'A-GANTS, 11. In church history, certain decre- tal epistles or constitutions of the popes. t EX-TRAV'A-GATE, v. i. To wander beyond limits. EX-TRAV-A-Ga'TION, n. Excess ; a wandering beyond limits. Smollet. EX-TRAV'A-SA-TED, a. [L. extra and. vasa.] Forced or let out of its proper vessels. Arbuthnot. EX-TRAV-A-Sa'TION, n. The act of forcmg or letting out of its proper vessels or ducts, as a fluid ; the state of being forced or let out of its contaming vessels ; effusion. t EX-TRA-Ve'NATE, a. Let out of the veins. EX-TRA-VER'SION, n. The act of throwing out ; the state of being turned or thrown out. [Little used.] fEX-TREAT', 71. Extraction. Spenser. EX-TRE?tIE', a. [L. extremus.] 1. Outermost; utmost, farthest ; at the utmost point, edge, or border. 2. Great- est ; most violent ; utmost. 3. Last ; beyond which there is none. 4. Utmost ; worst or best that can exist or be supposed. 5. Most pressing. — Extreme unction, among the Romanists, is the anointing of a sick person with oil, when decrepit with age, or affected with some mortal^ disease, and usually just before death. EX-TReME', 71. 1. The utmost point or verge of a thing ; that part which terminates a body ; extremity. 2. Ut- most point; furthest degree. — 3. In logic, the extremes or extreme terms of a syllogism are the predicate and sub- ject. — 4. In mathematics, tiie extremes are the first and last terms of a proportion. EX-TReME'LY, adv. I. In the utmost degree ; to the ut- most point. — 2. In familiar language, very much; greatly. EX-TREM'I-TY, n. [L. extremitas.] 1. The utmost point or side ; the verge ; the point or border that terminates a thing. 2. The utmost parts. 3, The utmost point; the highest or furthest degree. 4. Extreme or utmost dis- tress, straits or difficulties. 5. The utmost rigor or vio- lence. 6. The most aggravated state. EX'TRI-€A-BLE, ^. That can be extricated. EX'TRI-€ATE. v. t. [L. extrico.] ]. To disentangle; to free from difficulties or perplexities; to disembarrass. 2. To send oat ; to cause to be emitted or evolved. EX'TRI-rA-TED, pp. Disentangled ; freed from difficulties and perplexities ; disembarrassed; evolved. EX'TRI-€A-TING, ppr. Disentangling ; disembarrassing ; pv'olving. fX-TRI-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The act of disentangling ; a free- ing from perplexities ; disentanglement. 2. The act of sending out or evolving. EX-TRIN'SI€, }a. [L. extrinsecus.] External; out- EX-TRIN'SI-€AL, ) ward ; not contained in or belonging to a body. EX-TRIN'SI-€AL-LY, adv. From without ; externally. t EX-TRUOT, v. t. [L. extructus.] To build ; to construct. t EX-TRU€'TION, n. A building. EX-TRU€T'IVE, a. Forming into a structure. Fulke. t EX-TRU€T'OR, 7z. A builder; a fabricator; a contriver. EX-TRuDE', V. t. [L. extrudo.] 1. To thrust out ; to urge, force or press out; to expel. 2. To drive away ; to drive off. EX-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust out ; driven out ; expelled. EX-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting out ; expelling. EX-TRu'SION, 7i. The act of thrusting or throwing out ; a driving out ; expulsion. EX-TU'BER-ANCE, ) n. [L. extuberans.] 1. In medicine, EX-Tu'BER-.\N-CY, \ a swellmg or rising of the flesh ; a protuberant part. 2. A knob or swellmg part of a body. EX-TU'BE-RANT, a. Swelled ; standing out. t EX-Tu'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. extubero.] To swell. EX-TU-MES CENCE, n. [L. extumescens.] A swelling or rising. [Little used.] EX-U'BER-ANCE, )n. ['L. exuherans.] 1. An abundance-, EX-U'BER-AN-CY, \ an overflowing quantity ; richness. 2. Superfluous abundance ; luxuriance. 3. Overgrowth, superfluous shoots, as of trees. * See Synopsis. flIOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ) S as Z j CH as SH } TH as in this, f ObsoUis FAB 324 EX-U'BER-ANT, a. I Abundant j plenteous ; rich. 2. Over-abundant ; superfluous ; luxuriant. 3. Pouring forth abundance ; producing in plenty. EX-U BER-ANT-LY, adv. Abundantly; very copiously; in great plenty ; to a superfluous degree. EX-U'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. exubero.] To abound; to be in FAB great abundance. [Little used.] 1, a. r Brown EX-U€'€OUS, L. exsuccus.] Without juice ; dry. *EX'U-DATE, or EX-UDE', v. t. and i. See Exsude, the preferable orthography, EX-U-Da'TION, n. See Exsudation. EX-UD'ED, pp. See Exsuded. EX-UDING, ppr. See Exsuding. EX-UL'CER ate, v. t. [L. exulcero.] 1. To cause an ul- cer. 2. To afflict ; to corrode ; to fret or anger. EX-UL CER-ATE, v. i. Tc become an ulcer, or ulcerous. EX-UL'CER-ATE, a. Wounded ; vexed ; enraged Brown. , EX-UL CER-A-TED, pp. Affected with ulcers. EX-UL'CER-A-TING, ppr. Producing ulcers on ; frettmg ; becoming ulcerous. EX-UL-CER-a'TION, n. 1. The act of causing ulcers on a body, or the process of becoming ulcerous ; the beginning erosion which wears away the substance, and forms an ulcer. 2. A fretting; exacerbation; corrosion. EX-UL'CER- A-TO-RY, a. Having a tendency to form ul- cers. EX-ULT', (egz-ulf) V. i. [L. exulto.] To rejoice in tri- umph ; to rejoice exceedingly at success or victory ; to be glad above measure ; to triumph. lix-ULT'AN-CY, i ""• Exultation. Hammond. EX-ULT' ANT, a. Rejoicing triumphantly. More. EX-UL-Ta'TION, n. The act of exulting ; lively joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained ; great gladness; rapturous delight; triumph. EX-ULT'ING, ppr. Rejoicing greatly or in triumph. t EX-UN'DATE, v. i. To overflow. EX-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. exundatio.] An overflowing abundance. [Little used,] Ray. t EX-U'PER-ATE, v. t. To excel ; to surmount. f EX-UR'6ENT, a. [L. exurgens.] Arising; commencing. Dr. Favour. t EX-US'CI-TATE, V, t. [L. exsuscito.] To stir up ; to rouse. t EX-UST', w. t. [li, exustv^.] To burn. Cockeram. £X-US'TION, 71. [L. exustus.] The act or operation of burning up. EX-U'VI-jE, n. plu. [L.l 1. Cast skins, shells or cover- ings of animals. 2. The spoils or remains of animals found in the earth. EY, in old writers, Sax. ig, signifies an isle. E^'AS, 71. [Fr. niais,] A young hawk just taken from the nest, not able to prev for itself. Shak. fE-f'AS, a. Unfledged. Spenser, EfAS-MUS'KET, n. A young unfledged male hawk, of the musket kind, or sparrow-hawk. Shak. Ef'E, (I) 71. [Sax. eag, eah.] 1. Tlte organ of sight or vis- ion ; properly, the globe or ball movable in the orbit. 2. sight ; view ; ocular knowledge. 3. Look ; countenance. 4. Front; face. 5. Direct opposition. 6. Aspect; re- gard ; respect ; view. 7. Notice ; observation ; vigilance ; watch. 8. View of the mind ; opinion formed by obser- vation or contemplation. 9. Sight; view, eithei in a lit- eral or figurative sense. 10. Something resembliinjr the eye in form. 11. A small hole or aperture ; a perforation. 12. A small catch for a hook ; as we say, hooks and eyes 13. The bud of a plant ; a shoot. 14. A small shade of color ; [little used.] 15. The power of perception. 16. Oversight ; inspection.— The eyes of a ship are the parts' which lie near the hawse-holes, particularly, in the lowei apartments. — To set the eyes on is to see ; to have a sight of.—T'o find favor in the eyes is to be graciously received and treated. EYE, 71. A brood ; as, an eye of pheasants. EYE, V. t. To fix the eye on ; to look on ; to view ; to ob serve ; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly. EYE, v.i. Toappesr; to have an appearance. Shak. E^E'B^LL, 71. The ball, globe or apple of the eye. EYE Beam, 71. A glance of the eye. Shak, EyE'BoLT, n. In ships, a bar of iron or bolt, with an eye, formed^ to be driven into.the deck or sides. EYE BRIGHT, n. A genus of plants, the euphrasia. EyE'BRiGHT-EN-ING, n. A clearing of the sight. EYE'BROW, 71. The brow or hairy arch above the eye. Eyed pp l~ viewed ; observed ; watched. 2. a. Hav- ing eyes ; used in composition EYEDROP, 71. A tear. Shak. EYE'GLivNCE, n. A glance of the eye ; a rapid look. EYE'GLASS, n. A glass to assist the sight ; spectacles. t EyE'-GLUT-TING, n. A feasting of the eyes. Spenser EYE'LASH, 71. The line of hair that edges the eyelid. EyE'LESS, a. Wanting eyes; destitute of sight. EYE'LET, n. [Fr. oRillet,] A small hole or perforation, to receive a lace or small rope or cord. EYE'LI-AD, 71. [Fr. aillade.] A glance of the eye. EYE'LID, 71. The cover of the eye ; that portion of mova- ble skin with v/hich an animal covers the eyebcdl, or un- covers it, at pleasure. EYE'-OF-FEND'ING, a. That hurts the eyes. Shale. EYE'-PLeAS-ING, a. Pleasing the eye. Davies. EY'ER, n. One who eyes another. Gayton. EYE'-SALVE, n. Ointment for the eye. Revelation. EYE'-SER-VANT, 71. A servant who attends to his duty only when watched. EyE'-SER-VICE, 71. Service performed only under inspec- tion or the eye of an employer. EYE'SHOT, 71. Sight ; view ; glance of the eye. Dryden. EYE'SiGHT, 71. 1. The sight of the eye ; view ; observa- tion. 2. The sense of seeing. EyE'SORE, 71. Something oflensive to the eye or sight. EYE'SPLiCE, 71. In seamen's language, a sort of eye or circle at the end of a rope. Mar. Diet. EyE'SPOT-TED, a. Marked with spots like eyes. Spenser. EYE'STONE, n. A small calcarious stone, used for taking substances from between the lid and bail of the eye. EYE'STRING, n. The tendon by which the eye is mov- ed. EYE'TOOTH, n. A tooth under the eye ; a pointed tooth in the upper jaw next to the grinders, called also a canine tooth ; a fang. EYE' WINK, n, A wink, or motion of the eyelid. EyE'-WIT-NESS, 71. One who sees a thing done ; one who has ocular view of any thing. EY'OT, n. A little isle. Blackstone. * EyRE, (ire) n. [Old Fr.] 1. Literally, a journey or cir- cuit. In England, the justices in eyre were itinerant judges, who rode the circuit to hold courts in the difllerent counties. 2. A court of itinerant justices. * EY'RY, 71. The place where birds of prey construct their nests and hatch. It is written also ei/'^e. See-AsRis. F. Fthe sixth letter of the English Alphabet, is a labial ar- y ticulation, formed by placing the upper teeth on the under lip, and accompanied with an emission of breath. Its kindred letter is v, which is chiefly distinguished from /by being more vocal, or accompanied with more sound, as may be perceived by pronouncing ef, ev, F, in English, has one uniform sound, as in father, after, F stand's for fellow ; F. R. S., Fellow of the Royal Society. F or FA, in music, is the fourth note rising in this order in the gamut, wf, re, mi, fa. FA-Ba'CEOUS, a, [Low Tu.fabaceus.] Having the nature of a bean; like a bean. Fa'BI-AN, a. Delaying ; dilatory ; avoiding battle, in imi- tation of a. Fabius Maximus. Fa'BLE, 71. [L.fabula; Ft. fable,] 1. A feigned story or tale, intended to instruct or amuse ; a fictitious narration intended to enforce some useful truth or precept. 2. Fic- tion in general. 3. An idle story ; vicious or vulgar fic- tions. 4. The plot, or connected series of events, in an epic or dramatic poem. 5. Falsehood; a sofl;er term for alia. 1. To feign; to write fiction. 2. To tell FA'BLE, v. falsehoods. Fa'BLe, V, t. To feign; to invent ; to devise and speak of as true or real. Fa'BLED, pp. 1. Feigned ; invented, as stories. 2. a. Told or celebrated in fables. Tickel. Fa'BLER, n, A writer of fables or fictions ; a dealer in feigned stories. Johnson. Fa'BLING, ppr. Peignmg ; devising, as stories ; writing or uttering false stories. * FAB'RIC, 71. [L. fabHca.] 1. The structure of any thing ; the manner in which the parts of a thing are united by art and labor ; workmanship ; texture. 2. The frame or structure of a building ; construction ; the building itself; an edifice ; a house ; a temple ; a church ; a bridge, &c. 3. Any system composed of connected parts. 4. Cloth manufactured. * FAB'RIC, V, t. To frame ; to build ; to construct. FABIRI-CATE, V. t. [L.,fabrico,] 1. To frame ; to build ; to construct ; to form a whole by connecting its parts, 2. * See Synopsis A, E, T, 0, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. FAC 325 FAD To form by art and labor ; to manufacture. 3. To invent and form ; to forge ; to devise falsely. 4. To coin. £''AB'RI-eA-TED, pp. I'ramed ; constructed ; built ; man- ufactured ; invented ; devised falsely ; forged. FAB'RI-€A-TING, ppr. Framing ; constructing j manufac- turing ; devising falsely : forging. FAB-RI-eA'TION, n. 1. The act of framing or construct- ing 5 construction. 2. The act of manufacturing. 3. The act of devising falsely 5 forgery. 4. That which is fabri- cated ; a falsehood. FAB'RI-€A-TOR, n. One that constructs or makes. tFAB'RlLE a. [L.fabrUis.] Pertaining to handicrafts. FAB'U-LIST, n. The inventor or writer of fables. FAB'U-LiZE, V. t. To invent, compose or relate fables. FAB-U-LOS'I-TY, n. Fabulousness ; fullness of fables. FABTJ-LOUS, a. 1, Feigned, as a story 5 devised 5 ficti- tious. 2. Related in fable ; described or celebrated in fa- bles ; invented ; not real. 3. The fabulous age of Greece and Rome was the early age of those countries. FAB-U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a fabulous manner. FAB'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being fabulous. FAB'UR-DEN, n. [Fr. fauxbourdon.] In music, simple counterpoint. FAC-ADE', (fas-sade') n. [Fr.] Front. TVarton. FACE, n. [Fr . face ; It. faccia'.] 1. In a general sense, the surface of a thing, or the side which presents itself to the view of a spectator. 2. A part of the surface of a thing ; or the plane surface of a solid. 3. The surface of the fore part of an animal's head, particularly, of the human head ; the visage. 4. Countenance; cast of features ; look j air of the face. 5. The front of a thing ; the fore part ; the flat surface that presents itself first to view. 6." Visible state ; appearance. 7. Appearance ; look. 8. State of confrontation. 9. Confidence ; boldness ; impudence ; a bold front, 10. Presence; sight. 11. The person. 12. In Scripture, face is used for anger or favor. — To set the face agauist, is to oppose. 13. A distorted form of the face. — Face to face, nakedly ; without the interposition of any other body. FACE, V. t. 1. To meet in front ; to oppose with firmness ; to resist, or to meet for the purpose of stopping or opposing. 2. To btand opposite to ; to stand with the face or front towards. 3. To cover with additional superficies ; to cover in front. — To face down, to oppose boldly or impu- dently. FACE, V. i. 1. To carry a false appearance ; to play the hypocrite. 2. To turn the face. FaCE'CLOTH, n. A cloth laid over the face of a corpse. Brand. Fa'CED, (faste) pp. Covered in front.— In composition, de- noting the kind of face, as full-faced. Bailey. FaCE'LESS, a. Without a face. FaCE'PAINT-ER, n. A painter of portraits ; one who draws the likeness ol the face. FaCE'PAINT-ING, n. The act or art of painting por- traits. FACET, n. [Fr. facette.] A little face; a small surface; as, the facets of a diamond. + FA-CETE', a. [L.facetus.] Gay; cheerful. Burton. fFA-CETE'NESS, ?i. Wit; pleasant representation. tFA-CETE'LY, ado. Wittily ; meiTily. Burton. FA-Ce'TIOUS, a. [Fr. facetieux.] 1. Meny; sportive; jocular ; sprightly with wit and good humor. 2. Witty ; full of pleasantry ; playful ; exciting laughter. FA-Ce'TIOUS-LY, ado. Merrily ; gayly ; wittily ; with pleasantry. FA-Ce'TIOUS-NESS, n. Sportive humor ; pleasantry ; the quality of exciting laughter or good humor. FA"CIAL, a. [h. fades.] Pertaining to the face; as, the facial artery, vein or nerve. t Fa'CIENT, n A doer ; one that does any thing, good or bad. FACILE, a. [Fr. facile.] 1. Properly, easy to be done or performed ; easy ; not difficult ; perfoi-mable or attamable with little labor. 2. Easy to be surmounted or removed ; easily conquerable. 3. Easy of access or converse ; mild ; courteous ; not haughty, austere, or distant. 4. Pliant ; flexible ; easily persuaded to good or bad ; yielding ; duc- tile to a fault. t FAC'lLE-LY, ad?j. Easily. Herbert. FAC'iLE-NESS, n. Easiness to be persuaded. FA-CIL'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. faciliter.] To make easy or less difiicult ; to free from difficulty or impediment, or to diminish it ; to lessen the labor of. FA-CIL'I-TA-TED, pp. Made easy or easier. FA-CIL'I-TA-TING, ppr. Rendering easy or easier. FA-CII^I-Ta'TION, n. The act of making easy. FA-CIL'I-TIES, n. plu. Tlie means by which the perform- ance of any thing is rendered easy. FA-CIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. facility ; L. facilitas.] 1. Easiness to be performed ; freedom from difficulty ; ease, 2. Ease of performance ; readiness proceeding from skill or use ; dexterity. 3. Pliancy ; ductility ; easmess to be persuad- ed ; readiness of compliance, usually in a bad sense. 4. Easiness of access ; complaisance : condescension , afla bility. FAC-I-NE'RI-OUS. See Facinorous. Fa'CING, ppr. 1. Fronting ; having the face towards ; op- posite. 2. Covering the fore part. 3. Turning the face. Fa'CING, n. A covering in front for ornament or defense. FA-CIN'O-ROUS, a. [L, facinus.] Atrociously wicked. FA-CIN'0-ROUS-NESS, n. Extreme wickedness. FA€-SIMiI-LE, n. [L.facio and similis.] An exact copy or likeness, as of handwriting. FACT, n. [h. factum.] 1. Any thing done, or that comes to pass ; an act ; a deed ; an eifect produced or achieved ; an event. 2. Reality ; truth. FACTION, w. [Fr.] 1. A' party, in ^joZiiicai sociei?/, com- bined or acting in union, in opposition to the prince, gov- ernment or state. 2. Tumult ; discord ; dissension. FACTION- A-RY, n. A party man ; one of a faction. t FACTION-ER, n. One of a faction. Bp. Bancroft. FAC'TION-IST, 71. One who promotes faction. FACTIOUS, a. [Fr. factieux ; l..factiosus.] 1. Given to faction ; addicted to form parties and raise dissensions in opposition to government; turbulent; prone to clamor against public measures or men. 2. Pertaining to fac- tion ; proceeding from faction. FACTIOUS-LY, adv. In a factious manner ; by means of faction ; in a turbulent or disorderly manner. FAfJ'TIOUS-NESS, n. Inclination to form parties in oppo- sition to the government or to the public interest ; disposi- tion to clamor and raise opposition ; clamorousness for a party. FAC-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. factitius.] Made by art, in distinc- tion from wliat is produced by nature ; artificial. t FACTIVE, a. Making ; having power to make. FACTOR, n. [li. factor.] 1. In commerce, an agent em- ployed by merchants, residing in other places, to buy and sell, and to transact business on their account. 2. An agent ; a substitute. — 3. In arithmetic, the multiplier and multiplicand, from the multiplication of which proceeds the product. FACTOR- A6E, n. The allowance given to a factor by his employer, as a compensation for his services ; called also a commission. FA€'TOR-SHIP, n. A factory ; the business of a factor. FACTO-RY, v.. 1. A house or place where factors reside, to transact business for their employers. 2. The body of factors in any place. 3. Contracted from manufactory, a building or collection of buildings, appropriated to tlie manufacture of goods. FAC-To'TUM, 71. [L.] A servant employed to do all kinds of work. B. Jonson. FACT'lIRE, 71. [Fr.] The art or manner of making. FACUL-TY, 71. {Fx.faculte ; Ij.facultas.] 1. That power of the mind or intellect which enables it to receive, revive or modify perceptions. 2. The power of doing any thing ; ability. 3. The power of performing any action, natural, vital or animal. 4. Facility of performance ; the peculiar skill derived from practice, or practice aided by nature ; habitual skill or ability ; dexterity ; adroitness ; knack. 5. Personal quality ; disposition or habit, good or ill. 6. Power ; authority. 7. Mechanical power. 8. Natural virtue ; efficacy. 9. Privilege ; a right or power granted to a person.— 10. In colleges, the masters and professors of the several sciences ; one of the members or depart- ments of a university. — In America, the faculty of a col- lege or university consists of the president, professors and tutors. — The faculty of advocates, in 'Scotland, is a re- spectable body of lawyers who plead in all causes before the courts of session, justiciary and exchequer. *FACUND, a. [L. facundus.] Eloquent. [Little used.] FA-€UND'I-TY, 71. [J^.facunditas.] Eloquence; readiness of speech. FAD'DLE, v.i. To trifle ; to toy ; to play. [A low word.] t FADE, a. TFr.] Weak ; slight ; faint. Berkeley. FADE, V. i." [Fr. fade.] 1. To lose color ; to tend from a stronger or brighter color to a more faint shade of the same color, or to lose a color entirely. 2. To wither, as a plant; to decay. 3. To lose strength gradually ; to vanish. 4. To lose lustre; to grow dim. 5. To decay; to perish gradually. 6. To decay ; to decline ; to become poor and miserable, 7. To lose strength, health or vigor ; to de- cline ; to grow weaker. 8. To disappear gradually ; to vanish. FADE, V. t. To cause to wither ; to wear away ; to deprive of freshness or vigor. FaD'ED, pp. Become less vivid, as color ; withered ; de- cayed ; vanished. FADGE, (faj) v. i. [Sax. f(Bgen, gefegen.] 1. To suit ; to fit ; to come close, as the parts of things united ; to have one part consistent with another. 2- To agree ; to live in amity. 3. To succeed ; to hit. „ . , ^ FAD6E, 71. [Swed. fagga.] A bundle, as of sticks. Cra ven dialect. . . , FaD'ING, ppr. 1. Losing color; becoming less vivid; de- caying ; declining ; withering. 2. a. Subject to decay ; * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K } 6 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH j TH aa in this, f Ot^aolele, FAI 326 lAI liable to lose freshness and vigor ; liable to perish ; not ^tftable ; transient. FaD'ING, n. Decay ; loss of color, freshness or vigor. FaD'ING-NESS, n. Decay ; liableness to decay. FaD'Y, a. Wearing avpay ; losing color or strength. P^'€AL See Fecal. F^'CES, n [L.] Excrement ; also, settlings ; sediment af- ter infusion or distillation. Quincy. FAFF. See Fuff, f FAF'FEL, V. i. To stammer. Barret. t FAG, V. t. To beat. t FAG, n. A slave ; one who works hard. FAG, V. i. [Scot. faiJc] To become weary ; to fail in strength ; to be feint with weariness. t FAG, n. A knot in cloth. FAG-END , n. 1. The end of a web of cloth, generally of coarser materials. 2. The refuse or meaner part of any thing. — 3. Among seamen the untwisted end of a rope ; hence, to fag out, is to become untwisted and loose. FAG'OT, 71. iW.fagod.] 1. A bundle of sticks, twigs or small branches of trees, used for fuel, or for raising batter- ies, filling ditches, and other purposes in fortification. 2. A person hired to appear at musters in a company not full, and hide the deficiency. FAG'OT, V. t. To tie together ; to bind in a bundle ; to col- lect promiscuously Dryden. FAH'LERZ, n. Gray copper, or gray copper ore. FAH'LUN-ITE, n. [from Fahlun.] Automalite. PAIL, V. i. [Yr.faillir.] 1. To become deficient ; to be in- sufficient ; to cease to be abundant for supply ; or to be en- tirely wanting. 2. To decay ; to decline ; to sink ; to be diminished. 3. To decline ; to decay ; to sink ; to be- come weaker. 4. To be extinct ; to cease ; to be entirely wanting ; to be no longer produced. 5. To be entirely exhausted ; to be wanting ; to cease from supply. 6. To cease j to perish ; to be lost. 7. To die. 8. To decay ; to decline. 9. To become deficient or wanting. 10. To miss ; not to produce the effect. 11. To be deficient in duty ; to omit or neglect. 12. To miss ; to miscarry ; to be frustrated or disappointed. 13. To be neglected ; to fall short ; not to be executed. 14. To become insolvent or bankrupt. FAIL, V. t. 1. To desert ; to disappoint ; to cease or to neg- lect or omit to afford aid, supply or strec^th. 2. To omit ; not to perform. 3. To be wanting to. FAIL, n. 1. Omission ; non-performance. 2. Miscarriage ; failure ; deficience ; want ; death. t FaIL'ANCE, v. Fault ; failure. FaIL'ER. See Failure. FaIL'ING, ppr. Becoming deficient or insufficient ; becom- ing weaker ; decaying ; declining ; omitting ; not execut- ing or performing j miscarrying ; neglecting ; wanting 5 becoming bankrupt or insolvent. FaIL'ING, n. 1. The act of failing ; deficiency ; imperfec- tion; lapse ; fault. 2. The act of failing or becommg in- solvent. FaIL'URE, (fail'yur) n. 1. A failing ; deficience ; cessation of supply, or total defect. 2. Omission ; non-perform- ance. 3. Decay, or defect from decay. 4. A breaking, or becoming insolvent. 5. A failing ; a slight fault. FAIN, a. [Sax.fagen,f FALL'ING, ppr. Descending ,' droppmg ; disembogumg j apostatizing ; declming ; decreasing ; sinking ; coming. * See »ynop3i9. MOVE. BQgK, DOVE,— BULL, UNITE.— €asK; 6 as J; S as Z; CHasSH; TH as !n this * Obsolete FAL 328 FAN FALL'ING, } n. An indenting or hollow ; opposed to FALL'ING IN, \ rising or prominence. — Falling away, apostasy, — Falliiig off, departure from the line or course ; declension. — Falling down, prostration. 2 Mac. FALL'mG-SI€K-NESS, n. The epilepsy. FALL'ING-STAR, n. A luminous meteor, suddenly ap- pearing and darting through the air. FALL'ING-STONE, n. A stone falling from the atmos- pherej a meteorite ; an aerolite. FAL-LoTI-AN, a. Belonging to two ducts, arising from the w^mb, usually called tubes. FAL'LoW, a. [Sax. falewe.] 1. Pale red, or pale yel- low ; as, a fallow deer. 2. tJnsowed ; not tUled ; left to rest after a year or more of tillage. 3. Left unsowed af- ter ploughing. 4. Unploughed ; luicultivated. 5. Unoccu- pied; neglected; [obs.] FAL'LoW, 71. 1. Land that has lain a year or more untill- ed or unseeded. 2. The ploughing or tilling of land, with- out sowing it, for a season. t FAL'LoW, V. i. To fade ; to become yellow. FAL'LoW, V. t. To plough, harrow and break land without seedmg it FAL'LoW-CROP, n. The crop taken from fallowed ground. Sinclair. FAL'LoWED, 'pp. Ploughed and harrowed for a season, without being sown. FAL'LoW-FINCH, n. A small bird, the wheat-ear. FAL'LoW-ING, fpr. Ploughing and harrowing land with- out sowing it. FAL'LoW-ING, n. The operation of ploughing and har- rowing land without sowing it. FAL'LoW-IST, 71. One who favors the practice of fallow- ing land. FAL'LoW-NESS, n. A fallow state ; barrenness ; exemp- tion from bearing fruit. Donne. t FALS'A-RY, 71. A falsifier of evidence. Sheldon. FALSE, a. [L. falsus.] 1. Not true ; not conformable to fact ; expressing what is contrary to that which exists, is done, said or thought. 2. Not well founded. 3. Not true ; not according to the lawful standard. 4. Substitut- ed for another ; succedaneous ; supposititious. 5. Coun- terfeit ; forged ; not genuine. 6. Not solid or sound ; de- ceiving expectations. 7. Not agreeable to rule or propri- ety. 8. Not honest or jUst ; not fair. 9. Not faithful or loyal ; treacherous ; perfidious ; deceitful. 10. Unfaith- ful ; inconstant. 11. Deceitful ; treacherous ; betraying secrets. 12. Counterfeit •, not genuine or real. 13. Hyp- ocritical ; feigned ; made or assumed for the purpose of deception. — False imprisonment, the arrest and imprison- ment of a person without warrant or cause, or contrary to law. FALSE, adv. Not truly ; not honestly ; falsely. ■f FALSE, V. t. 1. To violate by failure of veracity; to de- ceive. 2. To defeat ; to balk ; to evade. FALSE'-FaCED, a. Hypocritical ; deceitful. Sliak. t FALSE'-HEART, \ a. Hollow ; treacherous ; deceitful ; FALSE'-HEaRT-ED, S perfidious. FALSE'-HEART-ED-NESS, n. Perfldiousness; treachery. FALSE'HOOD, (fols'hud) n. 1. Contrariety or inconform- ity to fact or truth. 2. Want of truth or veracity ; a lie ; an untrue assertion. 3. Want of honesty ; treachery ; de- ceitfulness ; perfidy. 4. C-ounterfeit ; false appearance ; imposture. FALSE'LY, (fols'ly) adv. 1. In a manner contrary to truth and fact ; not truly. 2. Treacherously ; perfidiously. 3. Erroneously ; b3' mistake. FALSE'NESS, (fols'nes) n. 1. Want of integrity and ve- racity, either in principle or in act. 2. Duplicity ; deceit; double-dealing. 3. Unfaithfulness ; treachery ; perfidy ; traitorousness. FALS'ER, n^ A deceiver. FAL-SET_^TO, n. [It.] A feigned voice. Burke. FALS'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be falsified, counterfeit- ed or corrupted. FAL-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of making false ; a counterfeiting ; the giving to a thing an appear- ance of something which it is not. 2. Confutation. FALS-I-PI-€a'TOR, 71. A falsifier. Bp. Morton. Fx\LS'I-FlED, pp. Counterfeited. FALS'I-Fi-ER, n. 1. One who counterfeits, or gives to a thing a deceptive appearance ; or one who makes false coin. 2. One who invents falsehood ; a liar. 3. One who proves a thing to be false. FALS'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. falsifier.'] 1. To counterfeit; to forge ; to make something false, or in imitation of that which is true-. 2. To disprove ; to prove to be false. 3. To violate ; to break by falsehood. 4. To show to be un- sound, insufficient, or not proof; [not in use.] FALS'I-FY, V. i. To tell lies ; to violate the truth. FALS'I-FS'-ING, ppr. Counterfeiting ; forging ; lying ; proving to be false ; violating. FALS'I-TY, n. [L. falsitas.] 1. Contrariety or inconform- ky to truth ; the quaUty of being false. 2. Falsehood ; a lie : a false assertion. FAL'TER, v.i. [Bp. f altar.] 1. To hesitate, fail orbreas in the utterance of words ; to speak with a broken or trembling utterance ; to stammer. 2. To fail, tremble or yield in exertion ; not to be firm and steady. 3. To fail in the regular exercise of the understanding. t FAL'TER, •«. t. To sift. Mortimer. FAL'TER-ING, ppr. Hesitating ; speaking with a feeble, broken, trembling utterance ; failing. FAL'TER-ING, n. Feebleness ; deficiency. FAL'TER-ING-LY, adv. With hesitation ; with a trem bling, broken voice ; with difficulty or feebleness. FAME, 71. [Tu.fama.] 1. Public report or rumor. 2. Fa- vorable report ; report of good or great actions ; report that exalts the character ; celebrity ; renown. FAME, V. t. 1. To make famous. B. Jonson. 2. To report. FaMED, a. Much talked of ; renowned; celebrated; dis- tinguished and exalted by favorable reports. FaME'-GIV-ING, a. Bestowing fame. FaME'LESS, a. Without renown. Beaumont. FA-MIL'IAR, (fa-mil'yar) a. [L. familiaris.] 1. Pertain- ing to a family ; domestic. 2. Accustomed by frequent converse ; well acquainted with ; intimate ; close. 3 Affable ; not formal or distant ; easy in conversation. 4. Well acquainted with ; knowing by frequent use 5. Well known ; learned or well understood by frequent us e^ 6. Unceremonious ; free ; unconstrained ; easy. 7. Com- mon : frequent and intimate. 8. Easy ; unconstrained ; not formal. 9. Intimate in an unlawful degree. FA-MIL'IAR, n, 1. An intimate ; a close companion; one long acquauited. 2. A demon or evil spirit supposed to attend at a call. — 3. In the court of Inquisition, a per- son who assists in apprehending and imprisoning the ac- cused . FA-MIL-IAR'I-TY, n. 1. Intimate and frequent converse^ or association in company. 2. Easiness of conversation affability ; freedom from ceremony. 3. Intimacy ; inti mate acquaintance ; unconstrained intercourse. FA-MIL'IAR-lZE, v. t. 1. To make familiar or intimate , to habituate; to accustom ; to make well known, by prac- tice or converse. 2. To make easy by practice or cus- tomary use, or by intercourse. 3. To bring down from a state of distant superiority. FA-MTL'JAR-lZED, p;). Accustomed; habituated; made easy by practice, custom or use. FA-MIL'IAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Accustoming; rendering easy by practice, custom or use. FA-MIL'IAR-LY, adv. 1. In a familiar manner ; uncere- moniously ; without constraint ; without formality. 2. Commonly ; frequently ; with tlie ease and unconcern that arises from long custom or acquaintance. FAM'I-LISM, n. The tenets of the Familists. FAM'I-LIST, 71. [from/a7niZ7/.] One of the religious sect, called the Family of love. FA-MiLLE'. [Fr. enfamille.] In a family way ; domesti- cally. Swift. This word is never used without en be- fore it. FAM'I-LY, 71. [L., Sp.familiaj Fr. famille.] 1. The col- lective body of persons who live in one house and under one head or manager ; a household, including parents, children and servants. 2. Those who descend from one common progenitor ; a tribe or race ; kindred ; lineage. 3. Course of descent ; genealogy ; line of ancestors. 4. Honorable descent ; noble or respectable stock. 5. A col- lection or union of nations or states. — 6, In popular lan- guage, an order, class or genus o.f animals or of other nat- ural productions, having something in common, by which they are distinguished from others. FAM'INE, 71. [Fr. /a7rti7ie.] 1. Scarcity of food ; dearth; a general want of provisions sufficient for the inhabitants of a country or besieged place. 2. Want; destitution. ^ FAM'ISH, V. t. [Fr. affamer.] 1. To starve ; to kill or de- stroy with hunger. 2. To exhaust the strength of, by hunger or thirst ; to distress with hunger. 3. To kill by deprivation or denial of anv thing necessary for life. FAM'ISH, t;. i. 1. To die of hunger. 2. To suffer extreme hunger or thirst ; to be exhausted in strength, or to come near to perish, for want of food or drink. 3. To be dis- tressed with want ; to come near to perish by destitu- tion. FAM'ISHED, pp. Starved ; exhausted by want of suste- nance. FAM'ISH-ING, ppr. Starving ; killing ; perishing by want of food. FAM'ISH-MENT, n. The pain of extreme hunger or thirst ; extreme want of sustenance. Hakewill. t FA-MOS'I-TY, n. Renown. Diet. Fa'MOUS, a. [li.famosus.] 1. Celebrated in fame or pub- lic report ; renowned ; mucli talked of and praised ; dis- tinguished in story. 2. Sometimes in a bad sense. Fa'MOUSED, a. Renowned. Shah. Fa'MOUS-LY, adv. With great renown or celebration. Fa'MOUS-NESS, n. Renown ; great fame ; celebrity. t FAM'U-LATE, v. t. [L. famulor.] To serve. Cockeram. FAN, n. [Sax./o7i7i.] 1. An instrument used by ladies to ♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, ^, long.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete FAN 329 FAR agitate the air, and cool the face in warm weather. 2. Something in the form of a woman's fan when spread. 3. An instrument for winnowing grain. 4. Something by which the air is moved ; a wing. 5. An instrument to raise the fire or flame. FAN '-Light, n. A window in foim of an open fan. FAN, V. t. 1. To cool and refresh, by moving the air with a fan ; to blow the air on the face with a fan. 2. To ven- tilate 5 to blow on 5 to affect by air put in motion. 3. To move as with a fan. 4. To winnoW ; to ventilate ; to sepa- rate chaff from grain, and drive it away by a current of air. FA-NAT'I€, ) a. [L. fanaticus.] Wild and extravagant FA-NAT'I-€AL, \ in opinions, particularly in religious opinions ; excessively enthusiastic ; possessed by a kind of frenzy. FA-NAT'ie, n. A person affected by excessive enthusiasm, particularly on religious subjects ; one who indulges wild and extravagant notions of religion. FA-NAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. With wild enthusiasm. FA-NAT'I-€AL-NESS, n. Fanaticism. FA-NAT'I-CISM, n. Excessive enthusiasm ; wild and ex- travagant notions of religion ; religious frenzy. FA-NAT'I-ClZE, v. t. To make fanatic. FAN'CIED, -pp. Imagined ; conceived ; liked. FAN'CI-FUL, a. 1. Guided by the imagination, rather than by reason and experience ; subject to the influence of fan- cy ; whimsical. 2. Dictated by the imagination j full of wild images ; chimerical •, whimsical ; ideal ; visionary. FAN'CI-FIJL-LY, adv. 1. In a fanciful manner ; wildly; whimsically. 2. According to fancy. FAN'CI-FUL-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being fanciful, or influenced by the imagination, rather than by reason and experience ; the habit of following fancy. 2. The quality of being dictated by imagination. FAN'CY, n. [L. phantasia.] 1. The faculty by which the mind forms images or repiesentations of things at pleasure. It is often used as synonymous with imagination ; but imagination is rather the power of combining and modify- ing our conceptions. 2. An opinion or notion. 3. Taste; conception. 4. Image; conception; thought. 5. Incli- nation ; liking. 6. Love. 7. Caprice ; humor ; whim^ 8. False notion. 9. Something that pleases or entertains witliout real use or value. FAN'CY, v.i To imagine ; to figure to one's self; to be- lieve or suppose without proof. FAN'CY, V. t. 1. To form a conception of; to portray in the mind ; to imagine. 2. To like ; to be pleased with, par- ticularly on account of external appearance or manners. FAN'CY-FRaMED, a. Created by the fancy. FANCY-FREE, a. Free from the power of love. FAN'CY-ING, ppr. Imagining; conceiving; liking. F AN'CY-M6NG-ER, a. One who deals in tricks of imagin- ation. Shak. FAN'CY-SICK, a. One whose imagination is unsound, or whose distemper is in his own mind. tFAND, old pret. oi find. Spenser. FAN-DAN'GO, n. [Sp.] A lively dance. FANE, n. [L./anwm.] A temple ; a place consecrated to religion ; a church ; used in poetry. Pope. FAN'FARE, n. [Fr.] A coming into the lists with sound of trumpets ; a nourish of trumpets. * FAN'FA-RON, n. [Fr. fanfaron.] A bully ; a hector ; a swaggerer ; an empty boaster ; a vain pretender. FAN-FAR-O-NaDE', n. A swaggering ; vain boasting ; ostentation ; a bluster. Swift. t FANG, V. t. [Sax. fengan.] To catch; to seize; to lay hold ; to gripe ; to clutch. SJiak. FANG, 71. [Sax. fang.] 1. The tusk of a boar or other ani- mal, by which the prey is seized and held ; a pointed tooth. 2. A claw or talon. 3. Any shoot or other thing, by which hold is taken. FANGED, a. Furnished with fangs, tusks, or something long and pointed. Shak, t FAN'GLE, (fang'gl) n. [from Sax. fengan.] A new at- tempt ; a trifling scheme. FAN'GLED, a. Properly, begun, new-made ; hence, gau- dy ; showy ; vainly decorated. [Seldom used, except with new. See New-fangled.] FANG LESS, a. Having no fangs or tusks ; toothless. FAN'GOT, n. A quantity of wares, as raw silk, &c., from one to two hundred weight and three quarters. FAN'ION, (fan'yun) n. [Fr.] In armies, a small flag car- ried with the baggage. Encyc. FANNED, pp. Blown with a fan ; winnowed ; ventilated. FAN'NEL, or FAN'ON, n. [Fr. fanon.] A sort of ornament i ike a scarf, worn about the left arm of a mass-priest, when he officiates. FAN'NER, 71. One who fans. Jeremiah. FAN'NING, ppr. Blowing; ventilating. f FAN'TA-SIED, a. Filled with fancies or Imaginations ; whimsical. Shak. FAN'TASM, 71. [Gr. (pavTaafxa. TJsnMy writtenphaiitasm..] That which appears to the imagination ; a phantom ; something not real. FAN-TAS'Tie, I a. [Fr. fantaslique.] I Fanciful FAN-TAS'TI-€AL, ] produced or existing only in imag- ination ; imaginary; not real ; chimerical. 2. Having the nature of a phantom ; apparent only. 3. Unsteady ; irregular. 4. Whimsical; capricious; fanciful , indulg- ing the vagaries of imagination. 5. Whimsical; odd. FAN-TASTIC, n. A fantastic or whimsical person. Dr Jackson. FAN-TAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. 1. By the power of imagina- tion. 2. In a fantastic manner ; capriciously ; unsteadi- ly. 3. Whimsically ; in compliance with fancy. Grew. FAN-TAS'TI-€AL-NESS, n. Compliance with fancy ; hu- morousness ; whimsicalness ; caprice. FAN-TAS'TI€-LY, adv. Irrationally; whimsically. B. Jons on. FAN-1 AS'TI€-NESS. The same as fantasticalness. FAN'TA-SY, n. and v. Now written /amcT/, Which see. FAN'TOM, n. [Fr. fantdme.] Something that appears to the imagination; also, a spectre; a ghost; an apparition. It is generally written phantom. FAN'TOM-€ORN, 71. Lank, or light corn JVorth of Eng- land. Grose. jFAP, a. Fuddled. Shak FA'aUIR. See Fakir. FAR, a. [Sax. feor,fior ot fyr.] 1. Distant, in any direc- tion ; separated by a wide space from the place where one is, or from any given place remote. — 2. Figuratively, re- mote from nurpose ; contrary to design or wishes. 3. Remote in affection or obedience ; at enmity with ; alien- ated. 4. More or most distant of the two. FAR, adv. 1. To a great extent or distance of space.— 2. Figuratively, distantly in time from any point ; remotely. — 3. In interrogatories, to what distance or extent. 4. In great part. 5. In a great proportion ; by many degrees ; very much. 6. To a certain point, degree or distance. — From far, from a great distance ; from a remote place. — Far from, at a great distance. — Far off. 1. At a great dis- tance. 2. To a great distance. — 3. In a spiritual sense, alienated ; at enmity ; in a state of ignorance and aliena- tion. — Far other, very different. t FAR-A-BOUT', 71. A going out of the way. Fuller. FAR'-FaMED, a. Widely celebrated. Pope. FAR'-FETCH, 71. A deep-laid stratagem. [Little used.] FAR4-FETCHED, a. 1. Brought from a remote place. 2. Studiously sought ; not easily or naturally deduced or in- troduced ; forced ; strained. [Far fet, the same, is not used.] FAR-PIER'CING, a. Striking or penetrating a grea*; way. Pope. FAR-SHOOT'ING, a. Shooting to a great distance. Dryden. FAR, 71. [Sax. /(zr A, /ear A.] The young of swine ; or "a lit- ter of pigs. [Local.] Tusser. FAR'ANT-LY, a. 1. Orderly ; decent ; respectable. Cra- ven dialect. 2. Comely ; handsome. Ray. FARCE, (fars) v. t. [h.farcio ; Fr. farcir.] I. To stuff; to fill with mingled ingredients. 2. To extend ; to swell out. FARCE, (fars) n. [Fr. farce ; It. farsa.] A dramatic com- position, originally exhibited by charlatans or buffoons, in the open street, for the amusement of the crowd, but now introduced upon the stage. FAR'CI-€AL, a. 1. Belonging to a farce ; appropriated to farce. 2. Droll ; ludicrous ; ridiculous. 3. Illusory ; de- ceptive. FAR'CI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner suited to farce ; hence, ludicrotisly. FAR'CI-LlTE, n. Pudding-stone. FAR'CIN, or FAR'CY, n. A disease of horses, sometimes of oxen, of the nature of a scabies or mange. FAR'CTNG, n. Stuffing composed of mixed ingredients. FARCTATE, a. [L. farctus.] In botany, stuffed ; cram- med, or full ; without vacuities. t FARD, v. t. [Fr.l To paint. Shenstone. FAR'DEL, n. [It. fardello ,■ Fr. fardeau.] A bundle or little pack. Shak. FAR'DEL, v. t. To make up in bundles. Fuller. FARE, V. i. [Sax. and Goth, faran.] 1. To go ; to pass , to move forward; to travel. Milton. 2. To be in any state, good or bad ; to be attended with any circumstances or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate. 3. To feed , to be entertained. 4. To proceed in a train of conse- quences, good or bad. 5. To happen well or ill ; with it impersonally. FARE, n. ]. The price of passage or going ; the sum paid or due, for conveying a person by land or water. 2 Food ; provisions of the table. 3. The person conveyed in a vehicle. Drummond. *FARE'WELL. A compound of fare, in the imperative, and well. Go well ; originally applied to a person de- parting, but by custom now applied both to those who de- part and those who remain. It expresses a kind wish, a wish of happiness to those who leave or those who are left The verb and adverb are cften separated by the pronoun ; as, /are you well. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE .— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in t&w t Obsolete FAR 330 FAS *FAEE'WELL, n. 1. A wisli of happiness or welfare at parting ; the parting compliment j adieu. 2. Leave ; act of departme. Shak. FA-KI'NA, ; n. [1,. farina.] 1. In botany, the pollen, fine FAll'IN, ) dust or powder, contained in tlie anthers of plants, and which is supposed to fall on the stigma, and fructif"- me plant. — 2. In chemistry, starch or fecula, one of the p£Oxiinate principles of vegetables, FAR-I-Na'CEOUS, a. 1. Consisting or made of meal or flour 2. Containing meal. 3. Like meal ; mealy ; per- taining to meal . FAR'LIES, n. Unusual, unexpected things, Cumberland dialect. FXRMjTi. [Sax. farma,f earm or feorm.] 1. la Oreat Brit- ain, a tract of land leased on rent reserved ; ground let to a tenant on condition of his paying a certain sum, annu- ally or otherwise, for the use of it. — 2. In the United States, a portion or tract of land, consisting usually of grass land, meadow, pasture, tillage and woodland, culti- vated by one man, and usually owned by him in fee. 3. The state of land leased on rent reserved ; a lease. FARM, v.t. 1. To lease, as land, on rent reserved ; to let to a tenant on condition of paying rent. 2. To take at a certain rent or rate. 3 To lease or let, as taxes, impost or other duties, at a certain sum or rate per cent. 4. To take or hire for a certain rate per cent. 5. 1'o cultivate land. FARM'HOUSE, n. A house attached to a farm, and for the residence of a farmer. FARM'-OF-FlCE, n. Farm-offices are the out buildings pertaining to a farm. FARM'iTARD, n. The yard or inclosure attached to a barn ; or the inclosure surrounded by the farm buildings. FARM'A-BLE, a. That may be farmed. Sherwood. 1 S.RMED, 2}p. Leased on re«it ; let out at a certain rate or price. FaRM'ER, 71. 1. In Oreat Biitain, a tenant ; -a lessee ; one who hires and cultivates a farm ; a cultivator of leased ground. 2. One who takes taxes, customs, excise or other duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent. — 3. In the United States, one who cultivates a farm ; a husbandman, whether a tenant or the proprietor. — 4. In minintr, the lord of the field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the king. FARM'ING, jipr. I. Letting or leasing land on rent resei-v- ed, or duties and imposts at a certain rate per cent.* 2. Taking on lease. 3. Cultivating land ; carrymg on the business of agriculture. FARM'ING, n. The business of cultivating land. FAR'MoST, a. Most distant or remote. Dryden. FAR'NESS, n. Distance ; remoteness. Carew. Fa'RO, n. A game at cards. FAR-RA6'l-N0US, a. [L. farrago.] Formed of various materials ; mixed. Kirican. FAR-Ra'GO, n. [L.] A mass composed of various materials confusedly mixed ; a medley. FAR'RAND, or Fa'RAND, n. Manner; custom; humor. Grose. FAR-RE-a'TION. iSee Confarreation. FAR'RI-ER, n. [Fr. ferrant ; It. ferraio.] 1. A shoer of horses ; a smith who shoes horses. 2. One who professes to cure the diseases of horses. FAR'RI-ER, V. i. To practice as a farrier. FAR'RI-ER-Y, n. The art of preventing, curing or miti- gating the diseases of horses. Now called the veterinary art. FAR'RoW, w. [SviX.fearh,fosrh.] A litter of pigs. I . iR'RoW, V. t. To bring forth pigs. Tusser. iAE'RoW, a. [J), vaare ; "eenvaare koe," a dry cow.] Not producing young in a particular season or year ; ap- plied to cows only. JVerc England. FART, V, i. To break wind behind. FART, n. Wind from behind. FAR'THER, a. comp. [Sax. forther, from feor, far, or rather from forth.] 1. More remote; more distant than something else. 2. Longer ; tending to a greater distance. FAR'THER, adv. 1. At or to a greater distance ; more re- motely ; beyond. 2. Moreover ; by way of progression in a subject. FAR'THER, v. t. To promote ; to help forward. t FAB'THER-ANCE, n. A helping forward ; promotion. FAR'THER-MORE, adv. Besides ; moreover.— Instead of the last three words, we now use furtherance, farther- more, further ; wliicli see. FAR'THEST, a. superl. [Sax. feorrest. See Furthest.] Most distant or remote. FAR'THEST, adv. At or to the greatest distance. See Furthest. FAR'TIIING, 71. [Sax.feorthung.] 1. The /mtrt/i of a pen- ny ; a small copper coin of Great Britain. 2. Farthings, in the plural, copper coin. 3. Very small price or value. 4. A division of land ; [obs.] FAR'THIN-GALE, n. A hoop petticoat; or circles of hoops, formea of whalebone, used to extend the petticoat. TAR'THINGS-WoRTH, n. As much as is sold for a far- thing. Arbuthnot. FAB'CES, 71. plu. [li.fascis.] In Roman antiquity a 6u!l- dle of rods, bound round the helve of an axe,andhorne be- fore the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority. FASCI-A, (fash'e-a) n. [L.] 1. A band, sash or fillet.— In architecture, any flat member with a small projecture. — 2. In astrcnomy, the belt of a planet. — 3. In surgery, a bandage, roller or ligature. — 4. In anatomy, a tendinous expansion or aponeurosis. FAS'CI-AL, (fash'e-al) a. Belonging to the fasces. FAS CI-A-TED, (fash'e^a-ted) a. Bound with a fillet, sash or bandage. FAS-CI-A'TION, (fash-e-fi'shun) n. The act or manner of binding up diseased parts ; bandage. FAS'CI-€LE, 71. [L. fasciculus.] In botany, a bundle, or little bundle ; a species of inflorescence. FAS-CI€'U-LAR, a. [Ij.fascicularis.] United in a bundle. PAS-CI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the form of bundles. FAS-CI€'U-LATE, FAS-CI€'U-LA-TED, or FAS'CI- €LED, a. Growing in bundles or bunches from the same point. FAS-CI€'U-LlTE, n. A variety of fibrous hornblend FAS'CI-NATE, v. t. [L. fascino.] 1. To bewitch ; to en- chant ; to operate on by some powerful or irresistible in- fluence. 2. To charm ; to captivate ; to excite and allure irresistibly or powerfully. FAS'CI-NA-TED, j^P- Bewitched ; enchanted ; charmed. FAS'CI-NA-TING, j?^?-. Bewitching; enchanting; charm- ing; captivating. FAS-CI-Na'TION, 71. The act of bewitching or enchant- ing ; enchantment ; witchcraft ; a powerful or irresistible influence on the afi'ections or passions ; unseen, inexplica- ble influence. * FAS'CiNE, or FAS-ClNE', n. [Fr.] In fortification, a fagot, a bundle of rods or small sticks of wood. fFAS'CI-NOUS, a. Caused or acting by witchcraft. Harvey, FASH, v.t. [Old Fr.fascher.] To vex; to tease. FASH'ION, (fash'un) n. [Fr. fagon.] 1. The make or form of any thing ; the state of any thing with regard to its ex- ternal appearance; shape. 2. Form; model to be imi- tated ; pattern. 3. The form of a gannent ; the cut or shape of clothes. 4. The prevailing mode of dress or or- nament. 5. Manner ; sort ; way ; mode. 6. Custom ; prevailing mode or practice. 7. Genteel life or good breeding. 8. Any thing worn ; [obs.] 9. Genteel com- pany. 10. Workmanship. FASH'ION, (fasli'un) v. t. [Fr. fagonner.] 1. To form ; to give shape or figure to ; to mold. 2. To fit ; to adapt ; to accommodate. 3. To make according to the rule pre- scribed bv custom, 4. To forge or counterfeit ; [obs.] FASH'ION- A-BLE, a. 1. Made according to the prevailing form or mode. 2. Established by custom or use ; cur- rent ; prevailing at a particular time. 3. Observant of the fashion or customary mode ; dressing or behaving accord- ing to the prevailing fashion. 4. Genteel ; well bred. FASH'ION-A-BLE-NESS, 7i. The state of being fashiona- ble ; modish elegance ; such appearance as is according to the prevailing custom. FASH'ION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner according to fashion, custom or prevailing practice. FASH'IONED, pp. Made ; formed ; shaped ; adapted. FASH'ION-ER, n. One who forms or gives shape to. FASH'ION-ING, ppr. Forming ; giving shape to ; fitting ; adapting. FASH'ION-IST, 71. A follower of the mode ; a fop ; a cox- comb. Diet. FASH'ION-MoN'GER, n. One who studies the fashion , a fop. FASH'I0N-M6N'GER-ING, a. Behaving like a fashion- monger. Shak. FAS'SA-ITE, n. A mineral, a variety of augite. FAST, a. [Sax. fcest, fest.] 1. Close ; tight. 2. Firm , immovable. 3. Close ; strong. 4. Firmly fixed ; closely adhering. 5. Close, as sleep ; deep ; sound. 6. Firm in adherence. — Fast and loose, variable ; inconstant ; as, to play/a5* and loose. FAST, adv. Firmly ; immovably.— Fast by, or fast beside, close or near to. FAST, a. [W. fest.] Swift ; moving rapidly ; quick in motion. FAST, adv. Swiftly ; rapidly ; with quick steps. FAST, V. i. [Sax.ftsstan.] 1. To abstain from food, beyond the usual time; to omit to take the usual meals, for a time. 2. To abstain from food voluntari,*'- 3. To ab- stain from food partially, or from particular kinds of food . FAST, n. 1. Abstinence from food ; properly, a total absti- nence, but it is used also for an abstinence from particular kinds of food, for a certain time. 2. Voluntary abstinence from food, as a religious mortification or humiliation. 3. The time of fasting, whether a day, week or longer time. FAST, 7i._That which fastens or holds. FAST'-DaY, 71, The day on which fasting is observed, FAS'TEN, (fas'n) v.t. [Sax. fcestnian.] I. To fix firmly; to make fast or close. 2. To lock, bolt or bar ; to secure. 5 joint of many horses. Fe'TOR, 71. [L./ffiJor.] Any strong, offensive smell ; stench Mrhuthnot. FET'TER, 71. [Sax./efor.] 1. A chain for the feet. 2. Any thing that confines or restrains from motion. FET'TER, v. t. 1. To put on fetters ; to shackle or confine the feet with a chain. 2. To bind ; to enchain ; to con- fine ; to restrain motion ; to impose restraints on. FET'TERED, pp. Bound or confined by fetters. FET'TER-ING, ppr. Binding or fastening by the feet with a chain ; confining ; restraining motion. FET'TER-LESS, a. Free from fetters or restraint. FET'TLE, 71. Order , good condition. Craven dialect. FET'TLE, V. t. 1. To repair ; to mend any thing which is broken or defective. Chesh. Gloss. 2. To do trifling business. Bp. Hall. FETT'STEIN, n. A mineral, called also claolite. Fe'TUS, 71. ; plu. Fetuses. [L. fwtus.] The young of vi- viparous animals in the womb, and of oviparous animals in the egg, after it is perfectly formed ; before which tune it is called embryo. * See Sipiopeis. 5, E, T, O, tj, 'S', long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— KN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete FlC S37 FIE f FEtJ, n. [Sax feoh.] A fee, or feudal tenure. FEU DE JOIE, (fu'de-zwa') fire of joy, a French phrase for a bonfire. FEuD, 7/. [Sax. f(Bhth, or fcegth.] I. Primarily, 3. deadly quaiTel. 2. A contention or quarrel ; particularly, an inveterate quarrel between families or parties in a state. FEuD, 71. [Fetid, and /ee, which is a contraction of it, is a word formed from the L. fides. It. fede, Sp./e, Nomi./ei, faith, trust, with had, state, or ead or odfi, estate ; and a feiid is an estate in tmst.] A fief; a fee ; a right to lands or hereditaments held in trust, or on the terms of perform- ing certain conditions. f EU'DAL, a. 1. Pertaining to feuds, fiefs or fees. 2. Con- sisting of feuds or fiefs ; embracing tenures by military services. f FEu'DAL, n. A depenfiance ; something held by tenure. FEU-DAL'I-TY n. The state or quality of being feudal ; feudal form or constitution. Burke. FEU'DAL-ISM, 71. The feudal system; the principles, and constitution of feuds, or lands held by military services. Whitaker. FEU'DA-RY, a. Holding land of a superior. FEU'DA-TA-RY, n. A feudatory, which see. i''Eu'DA-TO-R.Y, n. [Sp. feuda.torio.] A tenant or vassal who holds ^is lajids of a superior, on condition of military service ; the tenant of a feud or fief. Blackstone. FEUDIST, 71. A writer on feuds. Spelman. FEuIL'LA6E, (ful'laje) n. [Ft.] A bunch or row of FEtJ'ILLE-MORT, (fu'il-mort) w. [Fr.] The color of a faded leaf. t FEu'TER, v.t. To make ready. Spenser. t FEU'TER-ER, n. A dog keeper. Massenger. Fe'VER, n. [Ft.fievre.l 1. A disease, characterized by an accelerated pulse, with increase of heat, impaired func- tions, diminished strength, and often with preternatural thirst. 2. Heat ; agitation ; excitement by any thing that strongly affects the passions. FK'VER, v. t. To put in a fever. Dryden. Fe'VER-COOL-ING, a. Allaying febrile heat. t Fk'VER-ET, n. A slight fever. Ayliffe. Fe'VER-FEW, 71. [Qax.fieferfuge.'] A plant. Fe'VER-ISH, a. 1. Having a slight fever. 2. Diseased with fever or heat. 3. Uncertain ; inconstant ; fickle ; now hot, now cold. 4. Hot ; sultry ; burning. Fk'VER-ISH-NESS, 71. The state of being feverish; a slight febrile affection. Fe'VER-OUS, a. 1. Affected with fever or ague. 2. Hav- ing the nature of fever. 3. Having a tendency to produce fever. Fe'VER-LY, a. Like a fever. Fk'VER-OUS-LY, adv. In a feverish manner. Donne. Fe'VER-ROOT, n. A plant of the genus triosteum. FK'VER-SI€k, a. [Sax. fefcr-seoc.'] Diseased with fever. Fe VER-WjeAK'ENED, a. Debihtated by fever. Fk'VER-WEED, n. A plant of the genus eryna-ium. Fe'VER-WoRT. See Fever-root. Fe'VER-Y, a. Affected with fever. B. Jonson. FEW, o. [Sax./ea, or/cawa.] Not many ; small in number. FEW'EL, n. Combustible matter. See Fuel. FEW'EL, v. t. To feed with fewel. Cowley. FEWNESS, 71. 1. Smallness of number; paucity. 2. Pau- city of words; brevity; [ois.] Shak. FKY,v.t. [If.veghen.] To cleanse a ditch of mud. Tusser. Fl'ANCE, w. «. To betroth. See Affiance. Fl'AT. [L. from fio ; let it be done.] A decree ; a command to do something. FIB, n. A lie or falsehood. A word used among children. FIB, V. i. To lie ; to speak falsely. FIB'BER, n. One who tells lies or fibs. FIB'BING, jipr. Telling fibs ; as a noun, the telling of fibs. FI'BRE, ) n. [Fr. fibre.'] 1. A thread ; a fine, slender body Fl'BER, \ which constitutes a part of the frame of ani- mals. 2. A filament or slender thread in plants or min- erals ; the small, slender root of a plant. 3. Any fine, ^lender thread. ' Fl'BRIL, 71. [Vx.fihrille.] A small fibre ; the branch of a fibre ; a very slender thread. Cheyne. FI-BRIL'LOUS, a. Relating to the fibres. Dr. Rinnier. Fl BRIN, 71. A peculiar organic compound substance found in animals and vegetables. FTB'RO-LlTE, n. A mineral. Fl'BROUS, «. 1. Composed or consisting of fibres. 2. Con- taining fibres. FIBU-LA, 71. [L.] 1. The outer and lesser bone of the leg. Quincy. 2. A clasp or buckle. FICKLE, a. [Snx.ficoL] 1. Wavering; inconstant; un- stable ; of a changeable mind ; irresolute ; not firm in opinion or purpose ; capricious. 2. Not fixed or firm ; liable to change or vicissitude. FI€'KLE-NESS, n. 1. A wavering ; wavering disposition ; inconstancy ; instability ; unsteadiness in opinion or pur- pose. 2. Instability ; changeableness. FICKLY, adv. Without firmness or steadiness. FT'CO, n. [It.] An act of contempt done with the fingers, expressing a j^ /or ^OM. FICTILE, a. [L.fictilis.] Molded into form by art : manu- factured by the potter. FICTION, 71. [l,.fictio.] I. The act of feigning, inventing or imagining. 2. That which is feigned, invented or imagined. tFICTIOUS, for fictitious. FI€-Tl"TIOUS, ffl. [Tu. fictitius.] 1. Feigned; imaginary-, not real. 2. Counterfeit ; false ; not genuine. FI€-Ti"TIOUS-LY, adv. By fiction ; falsely ; counterfeits FI€-Ti"TIOUS-NESS, n. Feigned representation. tFICTIVE, a. Feigned. FID, n. 1. A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder at one end, used to support the top-mast. 2. A pin Oi hard wood or iron, tapering to a point, used to open the strands of a rope in splicing. FID'DLE, n. [G.fiedel.] A stringed instrument of music a violin. FID'DLE, V. i 1. To play on a fiddle or violin. 2. T triflle ; to shift the hands often and do nothing, like a fel low that plays on a fiddle. FID'DLE, V. t. To plav a tune on a fiddle. FID'DLE-FAD'DLE, n. A trifle. [j1 loio cant word.] FinOLE-FAD'DLE, a. Trifling ; making a bustle about nothing. [Vulgar.] FID'DLER, n. One who plays on a fiddle or violin. FID'DLE-STICK, n. I'he bow and string with which a fiddler playst on a violin. FID'DLE-STRING, n. The string of a fiddle. FID'DLE-WOOD, n. A plant of the genus citharexylon. FID'DLING, 'ppr. Playing on a fiddle. FID'DLTNG, n. The act of playing on a fiddle. FI'DE-JUS'SION, 71. [L. fidejussio.] Suretiship ; the act of heing bound for another. Farindon. FI'DE-JUS-SOR, 71. [L.] A surety ; one bound for another." Blackstone. FI-DEL'I-TY, 71. [L. fidelitas.] 1. Faithfulness ; careful and exact observance of duty, or performance of obliga- tions. 2. Firm adherence to a person or party with which one is united, or to which one is bound ; loyalty. 3. Observance of the marriage covenant. 4. Honesty ; veracity ; adherence to truth. FID6E, ) V. i. To move one way and the other ; to move FIDG'ET, ] irregularly, or in fits and starts. [A low word.] FIDG'ET, 71. IiTegular motion ; restlessness. [Vulgar.] FIDG^ET-Y, a. Restless ; uneasy. [ Vulgar.] FI-Du'CIAL, a. [IL. fiducia.] I. Confident; undoubting ; firm. 2. Having the nature of a trust. FI-DU'CIAL-LY* adv. With confidence. South. FI-Du'CIA-RY, a. [L. fiduciarius.] 1. Confident ; steady ; undoubting; unwavering; firm. 2. Not to be doubted. 3. Held in trust. FI-DU'CIA-RY, 71. 1. One who holds a thing in trust ; a trustee. 2. One who depends on faith for salvation, without works ; an antinomian. FlE, (fl) An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike. FIeF, (feef) n. [Fr. fief.] A fee ; a feud ; an estate held of a superior on condition of military service. FIELD, (feeld)7i. [Sax. field; G. field j D.veld.] 1. Apiece of land inclosed for tillage or pasture. 2. Ground not in- closed. 3. The ground where a battle is fought. 4. A battle ; action in the field. — 5. To keep the field, is to keep the campaign open ; to live in tents, or to be in a state of active operations. 6. A wide expanse. 7. Open space for action or operation ; compass ; extent. 8. A piece or tract of land. 9. The ground or blank space on which figures are drawn. — 10. In heraldry, the whole surface of the shield, or the continent. — 11. In Scripture, field often signifies the open country, ground not inclosed. 12. A fifld of ice, a large body of floating ice. FIeLD'ED, a. Being in the field of battle ; encamped Shak. FIeLD'-BAS-IL, n. A plant of several kinds. FIeLD'-BED, n. A bed for the field. Shak. FIeLD'-BOOK, n. A book used in surveying. FIeLD'-€6L-ORS, n. plu. In war, small flags. FIeLD'-DU€K, 71. A species of bustard. FIeLD'FARE, n. A bird, the thrush. FIeLD-MAR'SHAL, n. The commander of an army ; a military officer of the highest rank in England. FIeLD'MOUSE, n. A species of mouse that lives in the field, burrowing in banks, &;c. Mortimer. FIeLD'-OF'FI-CER, n. A military officer above the rank of captain^ as a major or colonel. FIeLD'-PIeCE, 71. A small cannon which is carried along with armies, and used in the field of battle. FIeLD'-PReACH-ER, n. One who preaches in the open air. Lavington. FIeLD'-PReACH-ING, 71. A preaching in the field or open air^ Warhurton. t FTeLD'ROOM, 71. Open space. Drayton. FIeLD'-SPoRTS, 71. plu. Diversions of the field, as shoot- ing and hunting. Chesterfield. * See Synopsu^ MOVE, BQQK.D6VE- 22 -BULL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as hi thia. f Obsolete. FIG 338 FIL Fi^LD'-STAFF, n. A weapon carried by gunners. FIeLD'-WoRKS, 71. In the military art, works thrown up for defense, t FIeLD'Y, a. Open like a field. WicUiffe. * FIeND, (feend) n. [Sax. ftond.'] x\n enemy in the woi-st sense ; an implacable or malicious foe ; the devil 5 an in- fernal being. * FIeND'FUL, a. Full of evil or malignant practices. * FIeND'LIKE, ft. Resembling a fiend ; maliciously wick- ed ; diaboHcal. * FIERCE, (fers, or feers) a. [Fr fier.] 1. Vehement 3 vio- lent ; furious ; rushing ; impetuous. 2. Savage ; raven- ous ; easily enraged."' 3. Vehement in rage; eager for mischief. 4. Violent; outrageous, not to be restrained. 5. Passionate ; angry ; furious. 6. Wild ; staring ; fei'o- cious. 7. Very eager ; ardent ; vehement. *FIERCE'LY, (fers'ly, or feers'ly) adv. 1. Violently; furi- ously ; with rage. 2. With a wild aspect. * FIERCE'-MliVD-ED, a. Vehenient ; of a furious tem- per. * FIERCE'NESS, (fers'nes, or feers'nes) 71. 1. Ferocity ; savageness. 2. Eagerness for blood ; fury. 3. Q,uick- ness to attack ; keenness in anger and resentment. 4. Violence ; outrageous passion. 5. Vehemence ; fury ; impetuosity. Fl'E-RI FACIAS, n. [L.] In Zaw, a judicial writ that lies for him who has recovered in debt or damages. Fl'ER-I-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being fiery ; heat ; ac- rimonv. 2. Heat of temper ; irritability. Fl'ER-Y, a. 1. Consisting of fire. 2. Hot like fire. 3. Vehement ; ardent ; very active ; impetuous. 4. Passion- ate ; easily provoked ; irritable. 5. Unrestrained; fierce. 6. Heated by fire. 7. Like fire ; bright ; glaring. FIFE, 74. [Fr. fifr^-] A small pipe, used as a wind instru- ment, chiefly in martial music with drums. FIFE, v.i. To play on a fife. FIF'ER, n. One who plays on a fife. FIF-TEEN', a. [Sax. Jiftyn.] Five and ten. FIF-TEENTH', ft. [Sas.. Jiftyntha.] 1. The ordinal of fif- teen ; the fifth after the tenth. 2. Containing one part in fifteen. FIF-TEENTH', n. A fifteenth part. FIFTH, a. [Sax. Jifta.] I. The ordinal of five ; the next to the fourth. 2. EUiptically, a fifth part. FIFTH, n. In music, an interval consisting of three tones and a semitone. FIFTH'LY, adv. In the fifth place. FIF'TI-ETH, a. [Sax. fifteogetha.] The ordinal of fifty. FIF'TY, a. [Sax.fftig.] Five tens ; five times ten. FIG, n. [Tu. Jicus; Sp. figo.] L The fruit of the fig-tree. 2. The fig-tree. FIG, V. t. 1. To insult with ficoes or contemptuous motions of the fingers; [little used.] 2. To put something useless into one's head"; [not used'.] FIG, v.i. [SvL. Goth. JiM-] To move suddenly or quickly. Sylvester. FIG'-AP-PLE, 71. A species of apple. Johnson. FIG'-GNAT, n. An insect of the fly kind. Johnson. FIG'-LeAF, 7!. Theleaf of a fig-tree ; also, a thin covering. FIG-MAR'I-GoLD, 71. The mesemhryanthemum, a succulent plant, resembling houseleek. FIG'-PE€K-ER, n. ['L.ficedula.'] A bird. FIG'-TREE, 71. A tree of the geimsficus. FIG'-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus scrophularia. FI-Ga'RY, n. [a corruption of vagary.] A frolic ; a wild project. M. Oeddes. FIGHT, (fite) ^•. i. ; pret. and p^). fought, pronounced /ftict. [Sax.feahtan,feohtan.] 1. To strive or contend for victo- ry, in battle or in single combat ; to contend in arms. 2. To contend ; to strive ; to struggle to resist or check. 3. To act as a soldier. FIGHT, (fite) v. t. 1. To carry on contention ; to maintain a struggle for victory over enemies. 2. To contend with jn battle ; to war against. FiGHT, 77. 1. Abattle; ebi engagement ; a contest in arms. 2. Something to screen the combatants in ships. FiGHT'ER, n. One that fights ; a combatant ; a warrior. FlGHT'ING, p;?r. 1 Contending in battle ; striving for vic- tory or conquest. 2. a. Qualified for war ; fit for battle. 3. Occupied in war; being the scene of war. FiGHT'ING, 71. Contention ; strife ; quarrel. FIG MENT, n. [L. figmcvtum.] An invention ; a fiction ; something feigned or imagined. FIGU-LATE, a. [L figulo.] Made of potter's clay ; mold- ed ; shaped. [Little used.] FIG-U-RA-BIL'l-TY, n. The quality of being capable of a certain fixed or stable form. FIG'U-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being brought to a certain fixed form or shape. PIG'U-RAL, a. Represented by figure or delineation. FIG'U-RATE, ft. [1-,. figuratus.] 1. Of a certain determm- ate form. 2. Resembling any thing of a determinate form ; as, figurate stones, stones or fossils resembling shells. 3. Figurative ; [not u^ed.] FIG'U-RA-TED, a Having a determinate form. FIG-U-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The act of giving figure or deter- minate form. 2. Determination to a certain form. Bacon. 3. Mixture of concords and discords in music. FIG'U-RA-TlYE, a. [Fi. figuratif.] 1. Representing some- thing else ; representing by resemblance ; typical. 2. Representing by resemblance ; not literal or direct. 3 Abounding with figures of speech. FIG'U-RA-TiVE-LY, adv. By a figure ; in a manner to ex- hibit ideas by resemblance ; in a sense difierent from that which words originally imply. FIG'URE, (fig'ur) 71. [Fr. figure; 'L.figura.] 1. The form of any thing as expressed by the outline or terminating extremities. 2. Shape ; form ; person. 3. Distinguished appearance ; eminence ; distinction ; remarkable charac- ter. 4. Appearance of any kind. 5. Magnificence ; splen- dor. 6. A statue ; an image ; that which is formed in re- semblance of something else. 7. Representation in paint- ing ; the lines and colors which represent an animal, par- ticularly a person. — 8. In manufactures, a design or rep- resentation wrought on damask, velvet and other stuffs. — 9. In logic, the order or disposition of the middle term in a syllogism with the parts of the question. — 10. In arithmetic, a character denoting a number, as 2. 7. 9. — 11. In astrology, the horoscope ; the diagram of Jhe aspects of the astrological houses. Shak. — 12. In theology, type ; rep- resentative. — 13. In rhetoric, a mode of speaking or writ- ing, in which words are deflected from their ordinary sig- nification. In strictness, the change of a word is a trope, and any affection of a sentence a. figure ; but these terms are often confounded. — 14. In grammar, any deviation from the rules of analogy or syntax. — 15. In dancing, the several steps which the dancer makes in order and ca- dence. FIG^URE, (fig'ui-) V. t. 1. To form or mold into any deter- minate shape. 2. To show by a corporeal resemblance, as in picture or statuary. 3. To cover or adorn with figures or images ; to mark with figures ; to form figures in by art. 4. To diversify ; to variegate with adventitious forms of matter. 5. To represent by a typical or figura- tive resemblance. 6. To imagine ; to image in the mind. Temple. 7. To prefigure ; to foreshow. Shak. 8. To form figuratively ; to use in a sense not literal. 9. To note by characters. — 10. In music, to pass several notes for one ; to form runnings or variations. FIG'URE, V. i. To make a figure ; to be distinguished. i liG.uii:|w ™i, I - A P'^'^''^'' to astrology. FIG'URE-STONE, 71. A name of the agalmatolite. FIG'ORED, pp. 1. Represented by resemblance ; adorned with figures ; formed into a determinate figure. — 2. In music, free and florid. FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Forming into determinate shape ; repre- senting by types or resemblances. FI-La'CEOUS, a. [li.filum.] Composed or consisting of threads. Bacon. FIL'A-CER, 71. [Norm, filicer.] An ofllcer in the English court of common pleas, so called from filing the writs on which he makes process. FIL'A-MENT, n. [Fr.] A thread ; a fibre.— In anatomy and natural history, a fine thread, of which flesh, nerves, skin, plants, roots, &c., are composed. FIL-A-MENT'OUS, a. Like a thread ; consisting of fine filaments. FIL'AN-DERS, 7!. [Fi.filandres.] A disease in hawks. FIL'A-TO-RY, 71. [l,.filv ^ spins threads. lum.] A machine which forms or FIL'BERT, n. The fruit of the corylus or hazel. FILCH, V. t. To steal something of little value ; to pilfer, to steal ; to pillage ; to take wrongfully. Dryden. FILCHED, pp. Stolen; taken wrongfully from another; pillaged ; pilfered. FILCH'ER, n. A thief; one guilty of petty theft. FILCH'ING, ppr. Stealing ; taking from another wrongful- ly ; pilfering. FILCH'ING-LY, adv. By pilfering ; in a thievish manner. FILE, 71. [Fr.^Ze ; L.^Zm?^.] 1. A thread, string or line : particularly, a line or wire on which papers are strung. 2. The whole number of papers strung on a line or wire 3. A bundle of papers tied together, with the title of each indorsed. 4. A roll, list or catalogue. 5. A row of sol- diers ranged one behind another, from front to rear. FILE, V. t. 1. To string ; to fasten, as papers, on a line 01 wire for preservation. 2. To arrange or insert in a bun- dle, as papers, indorsing the title on each paper. 3. Tc present or exhibit ofiicially, or for trial. FILE, v. i. To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not abreast, but one after another. FILE, n. [Sax.feoL] An instrument used in smoothing and polishing metals. FILE, V. t. [Russ. opilevayu.] 1. To rub and smooth with a file ; to polish. 2. To cut as with a file ; to wear off or away. 3. [from defile.] To foul or defile ; [obs.] FlLE'-€UT-TER, n. A maker of files. Moxon. See Synoprj A, £ I, O, V, Y, long.—F-AK, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsoleit FIL '3S9 FlxN FILED, pp. Placed on a line or wire ; placed in a bundle and indorsed ; smoothed with a file. FiLE-LeAD'ER, n. The soldier placed in the front of a file. FIL'E-MOT, n. [Fr. feuUle-mortc.] A yellowish-brown color ; the color of a faded leaf. Swift. FiL'ER, n. One who Uses a file. FIL'IAL, (fil'yal) a. [Fr. filial.] 1. Pertaining to a son or daughter ; becoming a child in relation to his parents. 2. Bearing the relation of a son. FIL-I-A'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The relation of a son or child to a father ; correlative to paternity. 2. Adoption. FIL'I-FORM, a. [L. filum.] Having the form of a thread or filament. FIL'I-GRANE, or FIL'I-GREE, n. [L.. filum and granum.] A kind of enrichment on gold and silver, wrought deli- cately in the manner of little threads or grains, or of both intermixed. FIL'I-GREED °' \ "" Ornamented with filigrane. Tatler. FiL'ING, ppr. Placing on a string or wire, or in a bundle of papers ; presenting for trial ; marching in a file ; smooth- ing with a file. FiL'INGS, n. pin. Fragments or particles rubbed oflT by the act of filing. FILL, V. t. [Sa.x. fyllan, gefillan.] 1. To put or pour in, till the thing will hold no more. 2 To store ; to supply with abundance. 3. To cause to abound ; to make uni- vei-sally prevalent. 4. To satisfy ; to content. 5. To glut ; to surfeit. 6. To make plump. 7. To press and dilate on all sides or to the extremities. 8. To supply with liquor ; to pour into. 9. To supply with an incum- bent. 10. To hold ; to possess and perform the duties of; to officiate in, as an incumbent. — 11. In seamanship, to brace the sails so that the wind will bear upon them and dilate them. To fill out, to extend or enlarge to the desired limit. — To fill up. 1. To make full. 2. to occupy ; to fill. 3. To fill ; to occupy the whole extent. 4. To engage or employ. 5. To complete. 6. To accomplish. FILL, V. i. 1. To fill a cup or glass for drinking ; to give to drink. 2. To grow or become full. 3. To glut ; to sati- ate. — To fill up, to grow or become full. FILL, 71. Fullness ; as much as supplies want. FIL'LA-GREE. See Filigrane. FILLED, pp. Made full ; supplied with abundance. FILL'ER, n, 1. One who fills ; one whose employment is to fill vessels. 2. That which fills any space. 3. One that supplies abundantly. FIL'LET, 71. {Ft. filet.] 1. A little band to tie about the hair of the head. 2. The fleshy part of the thigh. 3. Meat rolled together and tied round. — 4. In architecture, a little square member or ornament used in divers places. — 5. In heraldry, a kind of orle or bordure, containing only the third or fourth part of the breadth of the common bordure. — 6. Among painters and gilders, a little rule or reglet of leaf-gold. — 7. In the manege, the loins of ahorse. FIL'LET, V. t. 1. To bind with a fillet or little band. 2. To adorn with an astragal. FIL'LI-BEG, 71. [Gael, filleadh-heg.] A little plaid ; a dress reaching only to the knees, worn in the highlands of Scotland. FILL'ING, ppr. Making full ; supplying abundantly ; grow- ing full. FILL'ING, n. 1. A making ftiU ; supply. 2. The woof in weaving. FIL'LIP, V. t. To strike with the nail of the finger, forced with some violence. FIL'LIP, n. A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the thumb. FIL'LY, 71. [W.filawg.] 1. A female or mare colt; a young mare. 2. A young horse ; [not used.] 3. A wan- ton girl. FILM, 71. [Sax. film.] A thin skin ; a pellicle, as on the eye. FILM, V. t. To cover with a thin skin or pellicle. FILM'Y, a. Composed of thin membranes or pellicles. FIL'TER, 71. [Fr. filtre.] A strainer ; a piece of woolen cloth, paper or other substance, through which liquors are passed for defecation. FIL'TER, V. t. To purify or defecate liquor, by passing it through a filter, or a porous substance. FIL'TER, V. i. To percolate ; to pass through a filter. FIL'TER. See Philter. FIL'TERED, pp. Strained ; defecated by a filter. FIL'TER-ING, ppr. Straining ; defecating. FILTH, 71. [Sax. fylth.] 1. Dirt ; any foul matter ; any thing that soils or defiles ; waste matter ; nastiness. 2. Corruption ; pollution ; any thing that sullies or defiles the moral character. FILTH'I-LY, adv. In a filthy manner ; foully ; grossly. FILTH'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being filthy. 2. Foul- ness ; dirtiness ; filth ; nastiness. 3. Corruption ; pollu- tion ; defilement by sin ; impurity. FILTH'Y, a. ]. Dirty ; foul ; unclean ; nasty. 2. PoIIut ed ; defiled by sinful practices ; morally impure. 3. Ob- tained by base and dishonest means. FIL'TRATE, v. t. [Sp. filtrar.] To filter ; to defecate, as liquor, by straining or percolation. FIL-TRa'TION, n. The act or process of filtering. FIM'BLE-HEMP, n. [female-hemp.] Light, summer hemp, that beare no seed. Mortimer. FIM'BRI-ATE, a. [Tu. fimbria.] In botany, fringed ; having the edge surrounded by hairs or bristles. FIM'BRI-ATE, v. t. To hem ; to fringe. Fuller. FIM'BRI-A-TED, a. In heraldry, ornamented, as an ordi- nary, with a narrow border of another tincture. FIN, 71. [Sax. finn.] The fin of a fish consists of a mem- brane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous os- sicles. FIN, v.t. To carve or cut up a chub. FiN'A-BLE, a. 1. That admits a fine. 2. Subject to a fine or penalty. Fl'NAL, a. [Fr., S^p. final ; L. finalis.] 1. Pertaining to the end or conclusion ; last ; ultimate. 2. Conclusive ; deci sive ; ultimate ; as, a final judgment. 3, Respecting the end or object to be gained ; respecting the purpose or ulti- mate end in view, as a. final cause. Fl'NAL-LY, adv. 1. At the end or conclusion ; ultimately ; lastly. 2. Completely ; beyond recovery. FI-NANCE', (fi-nans') n. [Ft.] Revenue ; income of a king or state. FI-NAN'CES, n. plu. Revenue ; funds in the public treas- ury, or accruing to it ; public resources of money. 2. The income or resources of individuals. FI-NAN'CIAL, a. Pertaining to public revenue. FI-NAN'CIAL-LY, adv. In relation to finances. FIN-AN-CIeR', (fin-an-seer') n. ] . An officer who receives and manages the public revenues ; a treasurer. 2. One who is skilled in the principles or system of public rev- enue. 3. One who is intrusted with the collection and management of the revenues of a corporatioji. 4. One skilled in banking operations. Fi'NA-RY, n. In iroji works, the second forge at the iron mill. See Finery. FINCH, n. [Sax. fine; G.fink.] A bird. Find, v. t. ; pret. and pp. found. [Sax. findan ; G.finden.] 1. To discover by the eye ; to gain first sight or knowlecjge of something lost ; to recover. 2. To meet ; to discover something not before seen or known. 3. To obtain by seeking. 4. To meet with. 5. To discover or know by experience. 6. To reach ; to attain to; to arrive at. 7. To discover by study, experiment or trial. 8. To gain ; to have. 9. To perceive ; to observe ; to learn. 10. To catch ; to detect. 11. To meet. 12. To have ; to expe- rience ; to enjoy. 13. To select ; to choose ; to designate. 14. To discover and declare the tnith of disputed facts ; to come to a conclusion, and decide between parties, as a jury. 15. To determine and declare by verdict. 16. To establish or pronounce charges alledged to be true. 17. To supply ; to furnish. 18. To discover or gain knowl- edge of, by touching or by sounding. To find one's self, to be ; to fare in regard to ease or pain, health or sickness.— To ^7i(^ in, to supply ; to furnish ; to provide.— To find out. 1. To invent ; to discover some- thing before unknown. 2. To unriddle ; to solve. 3. T^o discover ; to obtain knowledge of what is hidden. 4. To understand ; to comprehend. 5. To detect ; to discover ; to bring to light.— To find fault with, to blame ; to cen- sure. FiND'ER, n. One who meets or falls on any thing ; one who discovers by searching, or by accident. FiND'FAULT, n. A censurer ; a caviler. Shak. FiND-FAULT'ING, a. Apt to censure ; captious. FiND'ING, ppr. Discovering. FiND'ING, 71. 1. Discovery ; the act of discovering.— 2. In law, the return of a jury to a bill ; a verdict. f FIN'DY, a. [Sax. findig.] Full ; heavy ; or firm, solid, substantial. FINE, a. [Fr.^7i.] 1. Small ; thin; slender; minute ; of very small diameter. 2. Subtil ; thin ; tenuous. 3. Thin ; keen ; smoothly sharp. 4. Made of fine threads ; net coarse. 5. Clear ; pure ; free from feculence or foreign matter. 6. Refined. 7. Nice ; delicate ; perceiving or discerning minute beauties or deformities. 8. Subtil ; artful ; dextrous. 9. Subtil ; sly ; fraudulent. 10. Ele- gant ; beautiful in thought. 11. Very handsome ; beauti- ful with dignity. 12. Accomplished ; elegant in manners. 13. Accomplished in learning ; excellent. 14. Excellent ; superior ; brilliant or acute. 15. Amiable ; noble ; ingen- uous ; excellent. 16. Showy ; splendid ; elegant. 17. Iron- ically, worthy of contemptuous notice ; eminent for bad qualities.— M/ie arts, or polite arts, are the arts which de- pend chiefly on the labors of the mind or imagination, and whose object is pleasure, as poetry, music, painting and sc^Llj)t\Lre. FINE, n. 1. In a feudal sense, a final agreement between persons concerning lands or rents. 2. A sum of money See Synopns MOVE BQQK D6VE )— BULL, UNITF. -€ as K ; G as J • S aa Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. FIN 340 FIR paid to the lord by his tenant, for permission to alienate or transfer his lands to another. 3. A sum of money paid by way of penalty for an offense ; a mulct ; a pecuni- ary punishment. — In fine. [Fr. enfin ; L. in and finis.'] In the end or conclusion ; to conclude ; to sum up all. FINE, v.t. 1. To clarify ; to refine ; to purify ; to defecate ; to free from feculence or foreign matter. 2. To purify, as a metal. 3. To make less coarse ; {obs.'] 4. To decorate ; to adorn ; [obs.'] Skak. FINE, v.t. 1. To impose on one a pecuniary penalty ; to set a fine on by judgment of a court ; to punish by fine. 2. V. i. To pay a fine ; [obs.] FiNE'DRAW, V. t. To sew up a rent with so much nicety that it is not perceived. FlNE'DRAW-ER, n. One who finedraws. FiNE'DRAW-ING, n. Rentering ; a dextrous or nice sew- ing up the rents of cloths or stuffs. FiNE'FIN-GERED, a. Nice in workmanship. riNE'SPO-KEN, a. Using fine phrases. FINE'SPUN, a. Drawn to a tine thread 5 minute ; subtle. FlNE'STILL, V. t. To distill spirit from molasses, treacle or some preparation of saccharine matter. FiNE'STILL-ER, n. One who distills spirit from treacle or molasses. Enciic FiNE'STILL-ING, n. The operation of distilling spirit from molasses or treacle. FINED, -pp. 1. Refined ; purified ; defecated. 2. Subjected to a pecuniary penalty. t FiNE'LESS, a. Endless ; boundless. Shak. FINE'LY, adtj. 1, In minute parts. 2. To a thin or sharp edge. 3. Gayly 5 handsomely ; beautifully ; with elegance and taste. 4. With elegance or beauty. 5. With advantage ; very favorably. 6. Nicely ; delicately. 7. Purely ; com- pletely.— 8. By way of irony, wretchedly ; in a manner deserving of contemptuous notice. FiNE'NESS, n. [Fr. finesse.] 1. Consisting of fine threads. 2. Smallness ; minuteness, as of sand or particles. 3. Clear- ness ; purity ; freedom from foreign matter. 4. Niceness ; delicacy. 5. Keenness ; sharpness ; thinness. 6. Ele- gance ; beauty. 7. Capacity for delicate or refined con- ceptions. 8. Show ; splendor ; gayety of appearance ; el- egance. 9. Clearness. 10. Subtilty ; artfulness 5 ingenu- ity. 11. Smoothness. FiN'ER, n. 1. One who refines or purifies. 2. a. Compara- tive of fine. FIN'ER-Y, n. 1. Show ; splendor; gayety "of colors or ap- pearance. 2. Showy articles of dress ; gay clothes, jew- els, trinkets, &c. — 3. In iron-icorks, the second forge at the iron-mills. See Finary. FI-NESS', ) n. [Fr. finesse.] Artifice ; stratagem ; subtil- FI-NESSE', ] ty of contrivance to gain a point. FI-NESS', V. i. To use artifice or stratagem. F[-NESS'ING,ppr. Practicing artifice to accomplish a pur- pose. FIN'-FISH, n. A species of slender whale. FIN'FOOT-ED, a. Having palmated feet, or feet with toes connected by a membrane. FIN'GER, (fing'ger) n. [Sax. finger.] 1. One of the ex- treme parts of the hand, a small member shooting to a point. 2. A certain measure. 3. The hand. — 4. In mu- sic, ability ; skill in playing on a keyed instrument. FIN'GER, V. t. 1. To handle with the fingers ; to touch lightly ; to toy. 2. To touch or take thievishly ; to pilfer. 3. To touch an instrument of music ; to play on an instru- ment. 4. To perform work with the fingers ; to execute delicate work. 5. To handle without violence. FIN'GER, V. i. To dispose the fingers aptly in playing on an instrument. FIN'GER-BoARD, n. The board at the neck of a violin, guitar or the like, where the fingers act on the strings. FIN'GERED, pp. 1. Played on ; handled ; touched. 2. a. Having fingers. — In botany, digitate ; having leaflets like fingers. FIN'GER-FERN, n. A plant, asplenium. Johnson. FIN'GER-ING, ppr. Handling ; touching lightly. ' FIN'GER-ING, n. 1. The act of touching lightly or han- dling. 2. The manner of touching an instrument of mu- sic. 3. Delicate work made with the fingers. FIN'GER-SHELL, n. A marine shell resembling a finger. FIN'GER-STONE, n. A fossil resembling an arrow. FIN'GLE-FAN'GLE, 71. A trifle. [ rulgar.] FIN'GRI-GO, n. A plant, of the genus /isonia. FIN'I-CAL, a. 1. Nice; spruce; foppish; pretending to superfluous elegance. 2. Affectedly nice or showy. FIN'I-€AL-LY, adv. With great nicety or spruceness ; fop- pishly. FIN'I-€AL-NESS, n. Extreme nicety in dress or manners ; foppishness. JVarburton. FlN'lNG, ppr, 1. Clarifying; refining; purifying; defecat- ing. 2. [See Fine, the noun.] Imposing a fine. FlN'^ING-POT, 7j. A vessel in which metals are refined. Fl'NlS, n. [L.J An end ; conclusion. FINISH, t>. t. [Arm. finigza; Fr. finir.] 1. To arrive at the end of, in performance ; to complete. 2. To mak^ perfect. 3. To bring to an end ; to end ; to put an ena to. 4. To perfect; to accomplish ; to polish to the degree of excellence intended. FIN'ISHED, pp. 1. Completed ; ended ; done ; perfected. 2. a. Complete ; perfect ; polished to the highest degree of excellence. FIN'ISH-ER, n. 1. One who finishes ; one who complete- ly performs. 2. One who puts an end to. 3. One who completes or perfects. FIN'ISH-ING, pjjr. Completing ; perfecting; bringing to an end. FIN'ISH-ING, or FIN'ISH, n. Completion ; completeness - perfection ; last polish. fVarburton. Fl'NiTE, a. [h.finitus.] Having a limit ; limited; bound _ed| opposed to in^7M'te. Fl'NiTE-LY, adv. Within limits ; to a certain degree only. Stillijigfieet, Fl'NiTE-NESS, ?i. Limitation ; confinement within cer- tain boundaries. t FIN'I-TUDE, ??. Limitation. Cheyne. FIN'KLE, n. [Teiit. fenckle.] Fennel. Craven dialect FIN'LESS, a. Destitute of fins. Shak. FIN'LiKE, a. Resembling a fin. Dryden. FINN, n. A native of Finland, in Europe. FINNED, a. Having broad edges on either side. FIN'NI.KIN, 71. A sort of pigeon. FIN'NYj a. Furnished with fins ; as, finny fish. FIN'-ToED, a. Palmiped ; palmated ; having toes connect- ed by a membrane. FI-NO'CHI-O, n. [It.finocchio.] A variety of fennel. FIN'SCALE, n. A river fish, called the rudd. fFIP'PLE, n. [Ij. fibula.] A stopper. Bacon. FiR, 7?. [W.pyr.] The name of several species of the ge- nus pinus. FIR'- TREE. See Fir. FIRE, n. [Sax.fyr.] 1. Heat and light emanating visibly, perceptibly and simultaneously from any body ; caloric. — In the popular acceptation of the 7cord, fire is the effect of combustion. 2. The burning of fuel on a hearth, or in any other place. 3. The burning of a house or town; a conflagration. 4. Light ; lustre ; splendor. 5. Torture by burning. 6. The instrument of punishment ; or the punishment of the impenitent in another state. 7. That which inflames or irritates the passions. 8. Ardor of tem- per ; violence of passion. 9. Liveliness of imagination; vigor of fancy ; intellectual activity ; animation ; force of sentiment or expression. 10. The passion of love ; ar- dent affection. 11. Ardor; heat; love. 12. Combus- tion ; tumult ; rage ; contention. 13. Trouble ; atflic- tion. — To set on fire, to kindle ; to inflame ; to excite vio- lent action. — St. Anthony'' s fire, a disease marked by an eruption on the skin, or a diffused inflammation, with fe- ver ; the erysipelas. — Wild fire, an artificial or factitious fire, which burns even under water. It is called, also, Greek fire. FIRE, V. t. 1. To set on fire ; to kindle. 2, To inflame ; to irritate the passions. 3. To animate ; to give life or spirit. 4. To drive by fire ; [little used.] 5. To cause to explode ; to discharge. 6. To cauterize. FIRE, V. i. 1. To take fire ; to be kindled. 2. To be irri- tated or inflamed with passion. 3. To discharge artillery or firearms. FiRE'ARMS, n. plu. Arms or weapons which expel their charge by the combustion of powder. FiRE'-AR-RoW, n. A small iron dart, furnished with a match impregnated with powder and sulphur. FiRE'BALL, n. 1. A grenade ; a ball filled with powder or other combustibles. 2. A meteor which passes rapidly through the air and displodes. FiRE'BARE, n. In old writers, a beacon. Cyc. FiRE'BAR-REL, n. A hollow cylinder used in fireships, to convev the fire to the shrouds. FiRE'BAV-IN, 71. A bundle of brush-wood, used in fire- ships. FiRE'BLaST, 71. A disease in hops. FiRE'BOTE, 71. An allowance of fuel, to which a tenant is _entitled. England. FlRE'BRAND, n. 1. A piece of wood kindled or on fire. 2. An incendiary ; one who inflames factions, or causes contention and mischief. FiRE'BRICK, n. A brick that will sustain intense heat without fusion. FiRE'BRUSH, n. A brush used to sweep the hearth. . FiRE'BU€K-ET, n. A bucket to convey water to engines for extiriguishing fire. FiRE'CLaY, 71. A kind of clay that will sustain intense Jieat, used in making firebricks. FlRE'€0€K, n. A cock or spout to let out water for extin- guishing fire. FlRE'-€6M'PA-NY, n. A company of men for managing an engine to extinguish fires. FiRE'CROSS, 71. Something used in Scotland as a signal to take arms. See E, T, o, U, ■?, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ,— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete Fill 341 FIS J<'iRED, jyp. Set on fire; inflamed; kindled; animated; irritated. FiRE'DAMP. See Damp. FIRE'DRAKE, n, 1. A fiery serpent. 2. An ignis fat- uus. FIRE'-EN-GiNE, n. An engine for tlirowing water to ex- tinguish fire and save buildings. FIRE'-E-SeAPE, 71. A machine for escaping from win- dows, when houses are on fire. FiRE'FLAIRjM. A species of ray-fish or raja. FIRE'FLY, n. A species of fly which has on its belly a spot which shines ; and another species which emits light from under its wings, as it flies. FIRE'HOOK, n. A large hook for pulling down buildings in conflagrations. FlRE'LOGK, n. A musket, or other gun, with a lock. FIRE'MAN, 71. 1. A man whose business is to extinguish fires. 2. A man of violent passions ; [not used.] FiRE'MAS-TER, n. An ofiicer of artillery who superintends the composition of fireworks. FIRE'NEW, a. Fresh from the forge ; bright. FlRE'-OF-FlCE, n. An office for making insurance against fire. FIRE'-OR-DE-AL. See Ordeal. FTRE'PAN, 71. A pan for holding or conveying fire, FIRE'PLACE, n. The part of a chimney appropriated to the fire ; a hearth. FiRE'PLUG, 71. A plug for drawing water from a pipe to extinguish fire. FIRE'POT, n. A small earthen pot filled with combusti- bles, used in military operations. Flli'ER, n. One who sets fire tb any thing ; an incendi- ary. FiRE'SHIP, 11. A vessel filled with combustibles, and fur- nished with grappling irons. FlRE'SH6V-EL, n. A shovel or instrument for taking up or removing coals of fire. FTRE'SIDE, n. A place near the fire or hearth ; home ; do- mestic life or retirement. FlRE'STI€K, n. A lighted stick or brand. Dighij. FIRE'STONE, ti 1. A fossil, the pyrites. See Pyrites. 2. A kind of freestone which bears a high degree of heat. FIRE'WARD, I 71. An ofiicer who has authority to di- FlRE'WARD-EN, 5 rect others in the extinguishing of fires. FTRE'WOOD, 71. Wood for fuel, FiRE'w6rK, 71. Usually in the plural, fireworks. Prepa- rations of gun-powder, sulphur and other inflammable materials, used for making explosions in the air. On occa- sions of public rejoicing ; pyrotechnical exhibitions. FiRE'W6RK-ER, 71. An officer of artillery subordinate to the firemaster. FIR'IJSTG, ppr. Setting fire to ; kindling ; animating ; excit- ing ; inflaming ; discharging firearms. FTR'ING, n. 1. The act of discharging firearms. 2. Fuel ; firewood or coal. Mortimer. FiR'ING-I-RON, 71. An instrument used in farriery to dis- cuss swellings and knots. Encyc. t FiRK, V. t. To beat ; to whip ; to chastise. Hudibras. FiRK, 7?< A stroke ; written also/erfc ; but rarely used. FiR'KIN, 7*. A measure of capacity, being the fourth part of a barrel. FiR'LOT, n. A dry measure used in Scotland. FIRM, a. [L. firmus ; Fr./erme.] J. Closely compressed ; compact ; hard ; solid. 2. Fixed ; steady ; constant ; stable ; unshaken ; not easily moved. 3. Solid ; not giv- ing way. FiRM, 71, A partnership or house ; or the name or title un- der which a company transact business. FiRM, V. t. [L. firmo.] To fix ; to settle ; to confirm ; to establish. Dryden. FiRM'A-MENT, n. [L. firmamentum.] The region of the air ; the sky or heavens. — In Scripture, the word denotes an expanse, a wide extent. FIR-MA-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to the firmament ; ce- lestial; being of the upper regions, FiR'MAN, n. An Asiatic word, denoting a passport, per- mit, license, or grant of privileges, FIRMED, pp. Established ; confirmed, FiRM'ING, ppr. Settling ; making firm and stable. jFlRM'I-TUDE, 7i. Strength; solidity. Bp. Hall. f-FiRMI-TY, 11. Strength; firmness. JFiRM'LESS, a. Detached from substance, FiRM'LY, adv. 1. Solidly ; compactly ; closely. 2. Stead- ily ; with constancy or fixedness ; immovably ; srtead- fastlv FiRM'NESc, 71. 1. Closeness or denseness of texture or structure ; compactness ; hardness ; solidity. 2. Stabili- ty • strength, 3, Steadfastness ; constancy ; fixedness, 4, Certainty ; soundness, FIRST, a. \Sax.fi.rst, or fyrst.] 1. Advanced before or fur- ther than any other in progression; foremost in place. 2. Preceding all others in the order of time. 3, Preced- ing all others in numbers or a progressive series ; the or- dinal of one. 4. Preceding all others m rank, dignity pj excellence. FIRST, adv. 1. Before any thing else in the order of time. 2. Before all others in place or progression. 3. Before any twing else in order of proceeding or consideration, 4. Be- fore all others in rank, — At first, at the first, at the begin- ning or origin. — First or last, at one time or another ; at the beginning or end. FiRST-BE-GOT', ) a. First produced ; the eldest of FiRST-BE-GOT'TEN, i children. Milton. FiRST'-BORN, a. 1. First brought forth; first in the order of nativity ; eldest, 2. Most excellent ; most distinguish- ed or exalted. FiRST'-BORN, n. The eldest child ; the first in the order of birth. FiRST-€RE-A'TED, a. Created before any other, FiRST'-FRuIT, J n. 1. The fruit or produce first matured FiRST'-FRuITS, \ and collected in any season, 2. The first profits of any thing. 3, The first or earliest effect of any thing, in a good or bad sense. FiRST'LING, a. First produced. FiRST'LING, 71. 1. The first produce or offspring ; applied to beasts. 2. The thing first thought or done ; [not used.] FiRST'LY, adv. Improperly used instead o{fi.rst. FiRST'-RATE, a. 1. Of the highest excellence ; preemi- nent. 2. Being of the largest size. FIS€, 71, [L. fiscus ; Fr.^sc] The treasury of a prince or state, FISCAL, a. Pertaining to the public treasury. FISCAL, 71. 1. Revenue ; the income of a prince or state. 2, A treasurer. FISH, 71, [Sax, ^sc] 1, An animal that lives in water. 2. The flesh offish, used as food, 3. A counter, FISH, V. i. I, To attempt to catch fish ; to be employed in taking lish, by any means, as by angling or drawing nets, 2. To attempt or seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly to seek to draw forth, FISH, V. t. 1. To search by raking or sweeping, — 2. In sea- manship, to strengthen, as a mast or yard, with a piece of timber, 3, To catch ; to draw out or up. FISH, n. 1. In ships, a machine to hoist and draw up the flukes of an anchor, towards the top of the bow. 2. A long piece of timber, used to strengthen a lower mast or a yai-d, when sprung or damaged. FISH'ER, 71. ] . One who is employed in catching fish, 2, A species of weasel, FISH'ER-BoAT, n. A boat employed in catching fish, FISH'ER -MAN, n. 1. One whose occupation is to catch fish, 2. A ship or vessel employed in the business of tak ■ mg fish, FISH'ER-TOWN, n. A town inhabited by fishermen, FISH'ER-Y, n. 1. The business of catching fish, 2, A place for catching fish, FISH'FUL, a. Abounding with fish, Carew. FISH'GiG, or FIZ'GIG, 77, An instrument used for striking FISH'HOOK, 71, A hook for catching fish. FISH'I-FI', V. t. To turn to fish, j2 cant word. Shak. FISH'ING, ppr. Attempting to catch fish ; searching ; seek- ing to draw forth by artifice, or indirectly ; adding a piece of timber to a mast or spar to strengthen it, FISH'ING, 71, 1. The art or practice of catching fish. 2. A fishery, Spenser. FISH'ING-FROG, 7i, The toad-fish, or lophius, whose head is larger than the body, Encyc. FISH'ING-PLACE, n. A place where fishes are caught with seines ; a fishery. FISH'KET-TLE, n. A kettle for boiling fish whole. FISH'LiKE, a. Resembling fish. Shak. FISH'MAR-KET, 11. A place where fish are exposed for sale, FISH'MeAL, 7!, A meal of fish ; diet on fish ; abstemious diet, FISH'M6N-GES, n. A seller offish, FISH'POND, 71, A pond in whicii fishes are bred, FISH'ROOM, n. An apartment in a ship between the af- ter-hold_and the spirit room, FISH'SPeAR, 7i, A spear for taking fish by stabbing them. FISH'WiFE, 7), A woman tliat cries fish for sale, FISH'WOM-AN, n. A woman who sells fish, FISH'Y, 'a. 1. Consisting of fish, 2, Inhabited by fish. 3, Having the qualities offish ; like fish, fFISK, »;. t. [Su.fiesca.] To run about. Cotgrave. FIS'SILE, ffl. [Ij.fissilis.] That may be split, cleft or divid- ed in the direction of the grain, or of natural joints. FIS-SIL'I-TY, 11. The quality of admitting to be cleft. FIS'SI-PED, a. [h.fissus.] Having separate toes. FIS'SI-PED, n. An animal whose toes are separate, or not connected by a membrane. FIS'SURE, (fish'ure) n. [Fr,,from H,. fissura, from findo, to split,] L A cleft ; a narrow chasm made by the parting of any su1)stance ; a longitudinal opening, — 2. In surgery, a crack or slit in a bone, either transversely or longitudi- nally, by means of external force. — 3. In anatomy, a * See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € 93 K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, t (ly^^tiete FIX 342 FLA deep, narrow sulcus, or depression, dividing the anterior and middle lobes of the cerebrum on each side. FIS'SURE, (fish'ure) v. t. To cleave ; to divide ; to crack or fracture. FIS'SURED, pp. Cleft; divided; cracked. ' FIST, n. [Sax. fyst.] The hand clinched ; the hand virith the fingers doubled into the palm. FIST, V. t. 1. To strike with the fist. Dryden. 2. To gripe with the fist. Shak. FIST'I-€UFFS, 71. Blows or a combat with the fist ; a box- ing. Swift. FIS'TI'NUT, 71. A pistachio nut. FTS'TU-LA, 71. [L.] 1. A pipe ; a wind instrument of mu- i?ic, originally a reed. — 2. In surgery, a deep, narrow and callous ulcer, generally arising from abscesses.^i^'istoZa lachrymalis, a fistula of the lachrymal sac, a disorder ac- companied with a flowing of tears. FIS'TU-LAR, a. Hollow, like a pipe or reed. FIS'TU-LATE, v. i. To become a pipe or fistula. FIS'TU-LATE, v. t. To make hollow like a pipe. FIS'TU-LI-FORM, a. Being in round hollow columns, as a mineral. Phillips. FIS'TU-LOUS, a. Having the nature of a fistula. Wise- man. FIT, 71. [qu. W. Jith.] 1. The invasion, exacerbation or paroxysm of a disease. 2. A sudden and violent attack of disorder, in which the body is often convulsed, and sometimes senseless. 3. Any short return after intermis- sion ; a turn; a period or interval. 4. A temporary af- fection or attack. 5. Disorder ; distemperature. 6. [Sax. fitt, a song.] Anciently, a song, or part of a song ; a strain; a canto. FIT, a. [Flemish, vitten,'] 1. Suitable ; convenient ; meet ; becoming. 2. Q.ualified. FIT. V. t. 1. To adapt ; to suit ; to make suitable. 2. To accommodate a person with any thing. 3. To prepare ; to put in order for ; to furnish with things proper or ne- cessary. 4. To qualify; to prepare. — To fit out, to fur- nish ; to equip ; to supply with necessaries or means. — To fit up, to prepare ; to furnish with things suitable ; to make proper for the reception or use of any person. FIT, V. i. 1. To be proper or becoming. 2. To suit or be suitable ; to be adapted. FITCH, n. A chick-pea. FITCH'ET, ) 71. [W. gwicyll or gvncyn.] A polecat ; a FITCH'EW, \ foumart. FIT'FU L, a. Varied by paroxysms ; full of fits. FIT'LY, adv. 1. Suitably ; properly ; with propriety. 2. Commodiously ; coveniently. t FIT'MENT, 71. SoiTiething adapted to a purpose. FIT'NESS, 71. 1. Suitableness; adaptedness; adaptation. 2. Propriety ; meetness ; justness ; reasonableness. 3. Preparation ; qualification. 4. Convenience ; the state of being fit. t FIT'TA-BLE, a. Suitable. Sherwood. FIT'TED, pp. Made suitable ; adapted ; prepared ; quali- fied. FITTER, 71. One who makes fit or suitable ; one who adapts ; one who prepares. FIT'TING, ppr. Making suitable ; adapting ; preparing ; qualifying ; providing with. FIT'TING-LY, adv. Suitably. More. FITZ, Norm, fites, fiuz or fii, a son, is used in names, as in Fitzherbert, Fitzroy, Carlovitz. FIVE, a. [Sax.fif.] Four and one added ; the half of ten. ?5viSRED,|-«^^i«gfi-t,ars. FiVE'CLEFT, a. Quinquefid ; divided into five seg- jnents^ FiVE'FoLD, a. In fives ; consisting of five in one ; five- doublej five times repeated. FiVE'LeAF, 71. Cinquefbil. Drayton. FiVE'LeAFED, a. Having five leaves. FiVE'LoBED, a. Consisting of five lobes. FiVE'PaRT-ED, a. Divided into five parts. FIVES, 71. A kind of play with a ball. Fives, or ViVES, 71. a disease of horses, resembling the strangles. FIVE TOOTHED, a. Having five teeth. FIVE'VALVED, a. Having five valves. Botany. FIX, v. t. [Fr. fixer.] 1. To make stable ; to set or estab- lish immovably. 2. To set or place permanently ; to establish. 3. To make fast; to fasten; lo attach firmly. 4. To set or place steadily ; to direct, as the eye, without moving it; to fasten. 5. To set or direct steadily, with- ^ out wandering. 6. To set or make firm, so as to bear a , high degree of heat without evaporating ; to deprive of volatility. 7. To transfix ; to pierce ; [little used.] Sandijs. 8. To withhold from motion. — 9. In popular use, to put in order; to prepare ; to adjust FIX, v.i. 1. To rest , to settle or remain permanently ; to cease from wandering. 2. To become firm, so as to resist volatilization. 3. To cease to flow or be fluid ; to con- geal; to become hard and malleable. Bacon.~To fix on, to settle the opinion or resolution on any thing : to deter- mine on. FIX'A-BLE, a. That may be fixed, established, or rendered firm. FIX-A'TION, 71. I. The act of fixing. 2. Stability; firm- ness ; steadiness ; a state of being established. 3. Resi- dence in a certain place ; or a place of residence ; [little used.] 4. That firm state of a body which resists evapo- ration or volatilization by heat. 5. The act or process of ceasing to be fluid and becoming firm ; state of being fixed. FIXED, pp. Settled ; established ; firm ; fast ; stable.— Fixed air, called, generally, carbonic acid. — Fixed stars are such stars as always retain the same apparent position and distance with respect to each other. FIX'ED-LY, adv. Firmly ; in a settled or established man- ner; steadfastly. FIXGED-NESS, n. I. A state of being fixed; stability; firmness ; steadfastness. 2. The state of a body which resists evaporation or volatilization by heat. 3. Firm co- herence of parts; solidity. tFIX-ID'I-TY, 71. Fixedness. Boyle. FIX'I-TY, n. Fixedness; coherence of parts; that proper- ty of bodies by which they resist dissipation by heat. FIXT'URE, 7i. 1. Position. 2. Fixedness ; firm pressure. 3. Firmness ; stable state. 4. That which is fixed to a building. FIX'URE, n. Position ; stable pressure ; firmness. FIZ'GIG, 71. 1. A fishgig, which see. 2. A gadding, flirt- ing girl. 3. A fire-work, made of powder rolled up in a paper. FIZ'z'le i^*'^* To make a hissing sound. FLAB'BI-NESS, n. A soft, flexible state of a substance, which renders it easily movable and yielding to pressure FLAB'BY, a. [W. llib.] Soft; yielding to the touch; easi- ly bent ; hanging loose by its own weight. tFLAB'EL, 71. [h.flabellmn.] A fan. Huloet. fFLAB'lLE, a. [lu.flabilis.] Subject to be blown. Diet. FLACCID, a. [L.flaccidus.] Soft and weak ; limber; laxj drooping; hanging down by its own weight; yielding to pressure. FLA€'CID-NESS, } n. Laxity ; limbemess ; want of firm- FLA€-CID'I-TY, \ ness or stiffness. FLACK'ER, v. i. [Teut. fliggeren.] To flutter, as a bird Grose. FLAG, V. i. [W. llac&u ; L. flacceo.] 1. To hang loose without stiffness ; to bend down as flexible bodies ; to be loose and yielding. 2. To grow spiritless or dejected ; lo droop; to grow languid. 3. To grow weak; to lose vig- or. 4. To become dull or languid. FLAG, V. t. To let fall into feebleness ; to suffer to drop. FLAG, n. [W. llec ; Ir. Hag.] A flat stone, or a pavement of flat stones. FLAG, V. t. To lay with flat stones. Sandys. FLAG, 71. [W. Uag.] An aquatic plaiU, with a bladed leaf. FLAG, n. [G. flagge.] An ensign or colors ; a cloth on which are usually painted or wrought certain figures, and borne on a staff. — To strike or loioer the flag, is to pull it down upon the cap in token of respect or submission. — To strike the flag, in an engagement, is tlie signal of surrender- ing. — To hang out the white flag, is to ask quarter, or, in some cases, to manifest a friendly design. The red flag is a sign of defiance or battle. — To hang the flag half mast high, is a. token or signal of mourning. — Flag-oflicer, an admiral ; the commander of a squadron. — Flaff-ship, th(! ship which bears the admiral, and in which his flag is displayed. — Flag-staff, the staff that elevates the flag. FLAG'BROOM, n. A broom for sweeping flags. FLAG'STONE, n. A flat stone for pavement. FLAG'WoRM, n. A worm or grub found among flags and FLA6'E-LET, 71. [¥x. flageolet.] A little flute; a small Wind instnnnent of music. FLAG'EL-LANT, n. [L.flagellans.] One who whips him- self in religious discipline. The Flagellants were a fanat- ical sect which arose in Italy, A. D. 1260. FLAG'EL-LATE, v. t. To whip ; to scourge. FLAG-EL-La'TION, 71. [L. flagello.] A beating or whip- ping; a flogging; the discipline of the scourge. FLAGGED, pp. Laid with ^at stones. FLAG'GI-NESS, n. Laxity; limberness; want of ten- sion. FLAG'GING, ppr. Growing weak ; drooping ; laying with flat stones. FLACGY, a. 1. Weak ; flexible ; limber ; not stiff. 2. Weak in taste; insipid. 3. Abounding with flags, the plant. FLA-G: 'TIOUS, a. [L. flagitium.] I. Deeply criminal ; grossly wicked ; villanous ; atrocious ; scandalous. 2. Guilty of enormous crimes ; corrupt ; wicked. 3. Marked or infected with scandalous crimes or vices. FLA-6l"TIOUS-LY, adv. With extreme wickedness. * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, Y, long.—FAU, FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD — f Obsolete. FLA 343 FLA FLA-6I"TI0US-NESS, n. Extreme wickedness. FLAG'ON, 71. [L. lagena.] A vessel with a narrow moutb, used for holding and conveying liquors. FLa 'GRANGE, n. Notoriousness j glaring offense. Bp. Hall. FLa'GRAN-CY, n. 1. A burning ; great heat ; inflamma- tion ; [obs.] 2. Excess ; enormity. FLa 'GRANT, a. [L.flagrans.] 1. Burning; ardent; ea- ger. £ Glowing ; red ; flushed. 3. Red ; inflamed. 4. Flaming in notice ; glaring ; notorious ; enormous. FLa'GRANT-LY, adv. Ardently ; notoriously. FLa'GRATE, v. t. To burn. [Little used.] FLA-GRa'TION, 71. A burning. [Little used.] FLaIL, n. [D. vlegel ; G. JiegeL] An instrument for thrashing or beating corn from the ear. FLAKE, n. [Sax.fiace; B. vlaak.] 1. A small collection of snow, as it falls from the clouds or from the air. 2. A platform of hurdles, or small sticks, on which codfish is dried. Massachusetts. 3. A layer or stratum. 4. A col- lection or little particle of fire, or of combustible matter on fire, separated and flying off. 5. Any scaly matter in layers; any mass cleaving off in scales. 6. A sort of carnations, of two colors only, having large stripes going through the leaves. FLAKE, V. t. To form into flakes. Pope. FLAKJE, V. i. To break or separate in layers ; to peel or scale off. FLaKE'- WHITE, n. Oxyd of bismuth. Ure. FLaK'Y, a. ]. Consisting of flakes or locks. 2. Lying m flakes ; consisting of layers, or cleaving off in layers. FLAM, n. [Ice.Jlim; W. Ham.] A freak or whim; also, a falsehood ; a lie ; an illusory pretext ; deception ; delu- sion. FLAM, V. t. To deceive with falsehood ; to delude. FLAM'BEAU, (flam'bo) n. [Fr.] A light or luminary made of thick wicks covered with wax. FLAME, 71 [Fr. fiamme; 'L.jlamma.] 1. Ablaze; burn- ing vapor ; vapor in combustion. 2. Fire in general. 3. Heat of passion ; tumult ; combustion ; blaze ; violent contention. 4. Ardor of temper or imagination ; bright- ness of fancy ; vigor of thought. 5. Ardor of inclination ; warmth of affection. 6. The passion of love ; ardent love. 7. Rage ; violence. FLAME, V. t. To inflame ; to excite. Spenser. FLAME, V. i. I. To blaze ; to burn in vapor, or in a cur- rent. 2. To shine like burning gas. 3. To break out in violence of passion. FLaME'€6L-0R, 71. Bright color, as that of flame. FLaME'€oL-ORED, a. Of the color of flame ; of a bright yellow color. Shak. FLaME'EyED, a. Having eyes like a flame. FLaME'LESS, a. Destitute of flame ; without incense. FLa'MEN, n. [L.] 1. In ancient Rome, a priest. 2. A priest. FLaM'ING, ppr. 1. Burning in flame. 2. a. Bright ; red. Ajso, violent ; vehement. FLaM'ING, n. A bursting out in a flame. FLaM'ING-LY, adx. Most brightly ; with great show or vehemence. FLA-MIN'GO, 71. [Sp.] A fowl constituting the genus pAcB- nicopterus, of the grallic order. FLA-MIN'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a Roman flamen. FLAM-MA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting to be set on fire, or enkindled into a flame or blaze ; inflamma- bility. FLAM'MA-BLE, a. Capable of being enkindled into FLAM-Ma'TION, 71. The act of setting on flame. FLAM'ME-OUS, a. Consisting of flame ; like flame. FLAM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [la.flamma.] Producing flame. FLAM-MI V'O-MOUS, a. [L.jlamma and vomo.] Vomiting flames, as a volcano. FLaM'Y, a. 1. Blazing ; burning. 2. Having the nature of flame. 3. Having the color of flame. t FLANG, old pret. of the verb fling. Mirror for Magis- trates. FLANK, 71. [Fr.flanc] 1. The fleshy or muscular part of the side of an animal, between the ribs and the hip. 2. The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of a brigade, regiment or battalion.— 3. In fortification, that part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the FLANK, V. t. [Fr. flanquer.] 1. To attack the side or flank of an army or body of troops. 2. To post so as to overlook or command on the side. 3. To secure or guard on the side. FLANK, V. i. I. To border ; to touch. 2. To be posted on the side. FLANKED, pp. Attacked on the side ; covered or com- manded on the flank. FLANK'ER, n. A fortification projecting so as to command the side of an assailing body. FLANK'ER, v. t. 1. To defend by lateral fortifications. 2. To attack sideways. Evelyn. FLAN'NEL, 71. [Fr.flanelle.] A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, of loose texture. FLAP, n. [G. lappen and klappe.] I. Any thing broad and limber that hangs loose or is easily moved. 2. The mo- tion of any thing broad and loose, or a stroke with it. 3. The flaps, a disease in the lips of horses. FLAP, V. t. 1. To beat with a flap. 2. To move something broad. 3. To let fall, as the brim of a hat. FLAP, V. i. 1. To move as wings, or as something broad or loose. 2. To fall, as the brim of a hat or other broad thing. FLAP'DRAG-ON, n. 1. A play in which they catch raisins out of burning brandy, and, extinguishing them by clos- ing the mouth, eat them. 2. The thing eaten. FLAP'DRAG-ON, v. t. To swallovir or devour. FLAP'EARED, a. Having broad, loose ears. Shak. FLAP'JACK, V. An apple-puff. Shak. FLAP'MOUTHED, a. Having loose, hanging lips. FLAPPED, pp. Struck with something broad ; let down ; having the brim fallen. FLAP'PER, n. One who flaps another. Chesterfield. FLAP'PING, pp-. Striking; beating; moving something broad. L' Estrange. FLARE, v.i. ]. To waver; to flutter; to burn with an unsteady light. 2. To flutter with splendid show ; to be loose and waving as a showy thing. 3. To glitter with transient lustre. 4. To glitter with painful splendor. 5. To be exposed to too much light. 6. To open or spread outward. FLaR'ING, ppr. or a. 1. Burning with a wavering light ; fluttering ; glittering ; showy. 2. Opening ; widening outward ; as, a, flaring fireplace. FLASH, 71. [Jr. lasair, lasrach.] 1. A sudden burst of light ; a flood of light instantaneously appearing and dis- appearing. 2. A sudden burst of flame and light ; an in- stantaneous blaze. 3. A sudden burst, as of wit or mer- riment. 4. A short, transient state. 5. A body of water driven by violence ; [local.] Pegge. 6. A little pool ; [local.] FLASH, V. i. 1. To break forth, as a sudden flood of light ; to burst or open instantly on the sight, as splendor. It diffei-s from glitter, glisten and gleam, in denoting a flood or wide extent of light. A diamond may glitter or glis- ten, but it does not flash. 2. To bm-st or break forth with a flood of flame and light. 3. To burst out into any kind of violence. 4. To break out, as a sudden expression of wit, merriment or bright thought. FLASH, v.t. 1. To strike up a body of water from the surface. 2. To strike or to throw like a burst of light. FLASH'ER, n. 1. A man of more appearance of wit than reality. Diet. 2. A rower ; [obs.] FLASH'I-LY, adv. With empty show ; with a sudden glare ; without solidity of wit or thought. FLASH'ING, ppr. Bursting forth as a flood of light, or of flame and light, or as wit, mirth or joy. FLASH'Y, a. 1. Showy, but empty; dazzling for a ma ment, but not solid. 2. Showy ; gay. 3. Insipid ; vapid ; without taste or spirit. 4. Washy ; plashy ; see Plash. FLASK, n. [G.flaschc.] 1. A kind of bottle. 2. A vessel for powder. 3. A bed in a gun-carriage. FLASK'ET, 71. 1. A vessel in which viands are served up. Pope. 2. A long, shallow basket. Spenser. FLAT, a. [D. plat.] 1. Having an even surface, without risings or indentures, hills or valleys. 2. Horizontal ; level ; without inclination. 3. Prostrate ; lying the whole length on the ground. 4. Not elevated or erect ; fallen. 5. Level with the ground ; totally fallen. — 6. In painting, wanting relief or prominence of the figures. 7. Taste- less ; stale; vapid; insipid; dead. 8. Dull; uuanimat- ed ; frigid ; without point or spii-it ; applied to discourses and compositions. 9. Depressed ; spiritless ; dejected. 10. Unpleasing; not affording gratification. IL Peremptory ; absolute; positive; downright. 12. Not sharp or shrill; not acute. 13. Low, as the prices of goods; or dull, as sales. FLAT, 71. 1. A level or extended plain. — In America, it is applied particularly to low ground or meadow that is lev- el, but it denotes any land of even surface and of some extent. 2. A level ground lying at a small depth under the surface of water ; a shoal ; a shallow ; a strand ; a sand-bank under water. 3. The broad side of a blade. 4. Depression of thought or language. 5. A surface with- out reliefer prominences. — 6. In music, a mark of depres- sion in sound. 7. A boat, broad and flat-bottomed. FLAT, V. t. [Fr. flatir.] 1. To level ; to depress ; to lay smooth or even; to make broad and smooth; to flatten. 2. To make vapid or tasteless. 3. To make dull or unan- imated. FLAT, v.i. 1. Togrowflftt; to fall to an even surface 2. To become insipid, or dull and unanimated. FLAT'-BOT-TOMED, a. Having a flat bottom, aa a boat, or a moat in fortiflcation. FLAT'iR-ON, 71. An instrument used in smoothing clothes. tFLA'TIVE, a. [L. flatus.] Producing wind ; flatulent. J Sjpiopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as ic this, f Cfbsolett FLA 344 B^LE FLAT'LONG, adv. With the flat side downward 5 not edgewise. Shak. FLAT'LY, adv. 1. Horizontally ; without inclmation. 2. evenly ; without elevations and depressions. 3. Without spirit J dully J frigidly. 4. Peremptorily j positively j downright. FLAT'NESS, 71. 1. Evenness of surface; levelness ; equal- ity of surface. 2. Want of relief or prominence. 3. Dead- ness ; vapidness ; insipidity. 4. Dejection of fortune ; Jow state. 5. Dejection of mind; a low state of the spir- its ; depression ; want of life. 6. Dullness ; want of point ; insipidity ; frigidity. 7. Gravity of sound, as op- posed to sharpness, acuteness or shrillness. FLAT'NoSED, a. Having a flat nose. Burton. FLAT'TED, pp. Made flat ; rendered even on the surface ; also, rendered vapid or insipid. FLAT'TEN, (flat'tn) v. t. [Ft.flatir.] 1. To make flat ; to reduce to an equal or even surface ; to level. 2. To beat down to the ground ; to lay flat. 3. To make vapid or in- sipid ; to render stale. 4. To depress ; to deject, as the spirits; to dispirit. — 5. In music, to reduce, as sound; to render less acute or sharp. FLAT'TEN, (flat'tn) v. i. 1. To grow or become even on the surface. 2. To become dead, stale, vapid or tasteless. 3. To become dull or spiritless. FLAT'TEN-ING, ppr. Making flat. FLAT'TER, n. The person or thing by which any thing is flattened. FLAT'TER, v. t. [Fr. flatter.] 1. To soothe by praise ; to gratify self-love by praise or obsequiousness ; to please a person by applause or favorable notice. 2. To please ; to gratify. 3. To praise falsely ; to encourage by favora- ble notice. 4. To encourage by favorable representations or indications. 5. To raise false hopes by representations not well founded. 6. To please ; to soothe. 7. To whee- dle ; to coax ; to attempt to win. FLAT'TERED, pp. Soothed by praise ; pleased by com- mendation ; gratified with hopes, false or well founded ; wheedled. FLAT'TER-ER, n. One who flatters ; a fawner ; a wheed- ler ; one who praises another. FLAT'TER-ING, ppr. Gratifying with praise ; pleasing by applause; wheedling; coaxing. 2. a. Pleasing to pride or vanity; gratifying to self love. 3. Pleasing; favora- ble ; encouraging hope. 4. Practicing adulation ; uttering FLAT'TER-ING -LY, adv. 1. In a flattering manner. 2. In a manner to favor ; with partiality. FLAT'TSR-Y, n. [Fr. flatterie.] 1. False praise ; com- mendation bestowed to accomplish some purpose. 2. Ad- ulation ; obsequiousness ; wheedling. 3. Just commend- ation which gratifies self-love. FLAT'TISH, a. Somewhat flat. Woodward. FLAT'U-LENCE, ^n. 1. Windiness in the stomach; air FLAT'U-LEN-CY, ) generated in a weak stomach and intestines. 2. Airiness; emptiness; vanity. FLAT'U-LENT, a. [L. flatulentus.] 1. Windy ; affect- ed with air genemted in the stomach and intestines. 2. Turgid with air ; windy. 3. Generating or apt to gener- ate wind in the stomach. 4. Empty ; vain ; big ; without substance or reality ; puffy. t FLAT-U-OS'I-TY, n. Windiness ; flatulence. t FLAT'U-OUS, a. [L. flatuosus.] Windy ; generating wind. Bacon. FLa'TUS, n. [L.] 1. A breath; a puff" of wind. 2. Wind generated in the stomach ; flatulence. FLAT'WISE, a. or adv. With the flat side downward or next to another object ; not edgewise. * FLAUNT, V. i. 1. To throw or spread out ; to flutter ; to display ostentatiously. 2. To carry a pert or saucy ap- pearance. -* FLAUNT, n. Any thing displayed for show. * PLAUNT'ING, ppr Making an ostentatious display. FLa'VOR, 71. [qu. Fi.flairer.] The quality of a substance which affects the taste or smell, in any manner ; taste, ordor, fragrance, smell. FLa'VOR, v. t. To communicate some quality to a thing, that may affect the taste or smell. FLa'VORED, a. Having a quality that affects the sense of tasting or smelling. FLa'VOR-LESS, a. Without flavor ; tasteless. FLa'VOR-OUS, a. Pleasant to the taste or smell. f-FLA'VOUS, a. [L.flavus.] Yellow. Smith. FLAW, 71. [W. flaw.] 1. A breach ; a crack ; a defect made by breaking or spUtting ; a gap or fissure. 2. A de- fect ; a fault ; any defect made by violence or occasioned by neglect. 3. A sudden burst of wind ; a sudden gust or blast of short duration. 4. A sudden burst of noise and disorder ; a tumult ; uproar. 5. A sudden commotion of mind ; [not used.] FLAW, V. t. 1. To break ; to crack. 2. To break ; to vio- late. FLAWED, pp. Broken; cracked. FLAWING, 2«w. Breaking; cracking. FLAWLESS, a. Without cracks ; without defect t FLAWN, n. [Sax.flena.] A sort of custard or pie. t FLAW'TER, V. t. To scrape or pare a skin. FLAWY, a. 1. Full of flaws or cracks ; broken ; defective , faulty. 2. Subject to sudden gusts of wind. FLAX, n. [Sa.x.fieax,flex.] I. A plant of the genus linum, consisting of a single slender stalk, the skin or herl of which is used for making thread and cloth, called linen, cambric, lawn, lace, r beams of light. 12. To move in a stream, as air. FL5W, V. t. To cover with water; to overflow ; tointin date FLoW, 71. 1. A stream of water or other fluid ; a current 2. A current of water with a swell or rise. 3. A stream of any thing. 4. Abundance ; copiousness with action. 5. A stream of diction, denoting abundance of words at command, and facility of speaking ; volubuity. 6. Free expression or communication of generous feelings and sentiments. FLOWED, pp. Overflowed ; inundated. FLOWER, n. [Fr. fieur ; Sp.fior.] 1. In botany, that part of a plant which contains the organs of fructification, with their coverings — 2. In vulgar acceptation, a blossom or flower is the flower-bud of a plant, when the petals are expanded. 3. The early part of life, or rather of man- hood ; the prime : youthful vigor ; youth. 4. The best or finest part of a thing ; the most valuable part. 5. The finest part ; the essence. 6. He or that which is most distinguished for any thing valuable. 7. The finest part of grain pulverized. In this sense, it is new always written flour, which see. — Flowers. 1. In rhetoric, fig- ures and ornaments of discourse or composition. 2. Men- strual discharges. FLOWER, V. i. 1. To blossom; to bloom ; to expand the petals, as a plant. 2. To be in the prime and spring of life ; to flourish ; to be youthful, fresh and vigorous. 3. To froth; to ferment gently; to mantle, as new beer. 4. To come as cream from the surface. FLOWER, V. t. To embellish with figures of flowers ; to adorn with imitated flowers. FLOWER-AGE, n. Store of flowers. Diet. FLOWER-DE-LIS, n. [Fr.fleiir de lis.] 1. In heraldry, 3 bearing representing a lily, the hieroglyphic of royal ma jesty. — 2. In botany, the iris, a genus of monogynian tri- anders, called, also, flag-flower, and often written, incor- rectlv , flower-de-luce. FLOW'ERED, pp. Embellished with figures of flowers. FLOW'ER-ET, 71. [Fr. fieur ette.] A small flower; a floret Dryden. FLOWER-FENCE, n. The name of certain plants. FLOWER-GAR-DEN, n. A garden in which flowers are chiefly cultivated. FLOWER-GEN-TLE, n. A plant, the amaranth. FLOWER-I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being flowery, or of abounding with flowers. 2. Floridness of speech : abundance of figures. FLOWER-ING, ppr. 1. Blossoming; blooming; expand- ing the petals, as plants. 2. Adorning with artificial flowers, or figures of blossoms. FLOWER-ING, n. 1. The season when plants btesom. 2. Tlie act of adorning with flowers. FLOWER-ING-BUSH, n. A plant. FL0WER-IN-W6'VEN, a. Adorned with flowers. FLOWER-KiR-TLED, a. Dressed with garlands of flow- ers. Milton^ FLOWER-LESS, a. Having no flower. Chaucer. FLOWER-STALK, n. In botany, the peduncle of a plant or the stem that supports the flower. FLOWER-Y, a. 1. Full of flowers ; abounding with blos- soms. 2. Adorned with artificial flowers, or the figures of blossoms. 3. Richly embellished with figurative lan- guage ; florid. FLOWING, ppr. Moving as a fluid ; issuing; proceeding; abounding ; smooth, as style ; inundating. FLOWING, n. The act of running or moving as a fluid ; an issuing ; an overflowing ; rise of water. FLoWING-LY, adv. With volubility ; with abundance. FLoWING-NESS, n. Smoothness of diction ; stream of diction. Mchols. FLOWK, or FLUKE, n. [Sax.^c] A flounder. Carew. FLOWK'WoRT, 71. A plant. FLoWN, pp. of fly. FLu'ATE, 71. In chemistry, a salt formed by the fluoric acid combined with a base. FLUC'TU-ANT, «. [h.flactuans.] Moving like a wave ; wavering ; unsteady. UEstrange. FLU€'TU-ATE, v. i. [L.fiuctuo.] 1. To move as a wave ; to roll hither and thither; to wave. 2. To float back- ward and forward, as on waves. 3. To move now in one direction and now in another ; to be wavering or un- steady. 4. To be irresolute or undetermined. 5. To rise and fall ; to be in an unsettled state ; to experience sud- den vicissitudes. FLU€'TU-A-TING, ppr. ]. Wavering ; rofling as a wave ; moving in this and that direction ; rising and falling. 2. a. Unsteady ; wavering ; changeable. FLU€-TU-A'TION, n. [L. fluctuatio.] ]. A motion like that of waves ; a moving in this and that direction. 2. A wavering unsteadiness. 3. A rising and falling suddenly. FLUD'ER, or FLUD'DER, n. An aquatic fowl of the divei kind, nearly as large as a goose. FLuE, n. A passage for smoke in a chimney. FLuE, M. [G.flaum; Ti.pluma.] Soft; down or fur ; very fine hair. [Local.] Toolce. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BjJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete, FLJ 348 FLY FLU-EL'LEN, n. ITie female speedwell, a plant. t FLD'ENCE, for fluency. FLU-'EN-CY, 71. [L. fiuens.] 1. The quality of flowing, applied to speech or language ; smootlmess ; freedom from harshness. 2. Readiness of utterance ; facUity of words j volubility. 3. Affluence ; abundance ; [obs.] FLU'ENT, a. 1. Liquid ; flowing. 2. Flowing ; passing. 3. Ready in the use of words ; voluble ; copious ; having words at command, and uttering them with facility and smoothness. 4. Flowing 5 voluble ; smooth. FLu'ENT, 71. 1. A stream; a current of water; [little used.] 2. The variable or flowing quantity in fluxions, FLU'ENT-LY, adv. With ready flow ; volubly ; without hesitation or obstruction. FLtJ'GEL-MAN, 71. [G.] In German, the leader of a file. But with us, a soldier who stands on the wing of a body of men, and gives the time for the motions. FLu'ID, a. [L. Jiuidus.j Having parts which easily move and change their relative position without separation, and which easily yield to pressure ; that may flow ; liquid, as water, spirit, air. FLu'ID, 7*. Any substance whose parts easily move and change their relative position without separation, and which yields to the slichtest pressure. Pi,U-ID I TY, v.. The quality of being capable of flowing ; that quality of bodies which renders them impressible to the Slightest force, and by which the parts easily move or change their relative position without a separation of the mass ; a liquid state. FLtJlD-NESS, n. The state of being fluid ; fluidity, which see. FLUKE, n. The part of an anchor which fastens in the ground. FLUKE, or FLOVVK, n. A flounder. FLuKE'-WoRM, n. The gourd-worm, a species of fasciola. FLUME, n. [Sax. flum.] The passage or channel for tlie water that drives a mUI-wheel. FLUM'MER-Y, 71. [W. llymry.] 1. A sort of jelly made of flour or meal ; pap. — 2. In vulgar use, any thing insipid or nothing to the purpose ; flattery. FLUNG, preJ. and pp. of fling. FLU-O-Bo'RATE, 74. A compound of fluoboric acid with a base. FLU-0-Bo'RI€, a. The fluoboric acid or gas is a compound of fluorine and boron. Daw. FLU'OR, 7i. [Low L.] ]. A fluid state. 2. Menstrual flux. — 3. In mineralogy, fluate of lime. FLu'OR-AC-ID, n. The acid of fluor. FLu'OR-A-TED, a. Combined v/ith fluoric acid. FLU-OR'I€, a. Pertaining to fluor. FliUOR-IN, ) n. The supposed basis of fluoric acid. FLtf'OR-IXE, J Davy. FLu'OR-OUS, a. The fluorous acid is the acid of fluor in its first degree of oxygenation. FLU-0-SIL I-CATE, n. In chemistry, a compound of flu- oric acid, with some other substance. Silliman. FLU-0-SI-LIC'I€, a. Composed of or containing fluoric acid with silex. FLUR. See Flurry. FLUR RY, 71. ]. A sudden blast or gust ; or a light, tempo- raiy breeze. 2. A sudden shower of short duration. 3. Agitation ; commotion ; bustle ; hurry. FLUR'RY, V. t. To put in agitation ; to excite or alann. FLUSH, V. i. [G. fliessen.] 1. To flow and spread suddenly ; to rush. 2. To come in haste ; to start. 3. To appear suddenly, as redness or a blush. 4. To become suddenly red ; to glov/. 5. To be gay, splendid or beautiful. FLUSH, V. t. 1. To redden "suddenly ; to cause tiie blood to rush suddenly into the nice. 2. To elate : to elevate ; to excite the spirits ; to animate with joy. FLUSH, a. 1. Fresh; full of vigor ; glowing; bright. 2. Affluent ; abounding ; v/ell furnished. 3. Free to spend ; liberal ; prodigal. FLUSH, n. 1. A sudden flow of blood to the face : or, more generally, the redness of face which proceeds from such an afflux of blood. 2. Sudden impulse or excitement ; sudden glow. 3. Bloom ; growtli ; abundance. 4. [Fr., Sp. fluz.] A run of cards of tlie same suit. 5. A term for a number of ducks. Spenser. FliUSHED, pp. 1. Overspread or tinged with a red color from the flowing of blood to the face. 2. Elated ; ex- cited ; animated. FLUSH'ER, n. The lesser butcher-bird. FLUSH'ING, ppr. Overspreading with red ; glowing FLTJSH'ING, n. A glow of red in the face. FLUSH'XESS, 7i. Freshness. Bp. Gauden. FLUS'TER, V. t. To make hot and rosy, as with drinking ; to heat ; to hurry ; to agitate ; to confuse. FLUS'TER, V. i. To be in a heat or bustle ; to be agitated. FLUS'TER, n. Heat ; glow ; agitation ; confusion ; disorder. FLUS'TERED, pp. Heated with liquor ; agitated ; confused. FLUTE, 71. [Fr. flUte.] 1. A small wind instrument ; a pipe with lateral holes or stops, played by blowing with the mouth, and by stopping and opening the holes with the fingers. 2. A cliarmel in a column or pillar , a perpeii dicular furrow or cavity, cut along the shaft of a coluniR or pilaster. 3. A long vessel or boat, with flat ribs 01 floor timbers. FLUTE, V. i. To play on a flute. Chaucer. FLUTE, V. t. To form flutes or channels in a column. FLuT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Channeled ; furrowed. — ^2. In m.usvc thin ; fine ; flutelike. Busby. FLuT'ER, 71. One who plays on the flute. Chaucer. FLuT'ING, ppr. Channeling ; cutting furrows ; as in a column. FLuT'ING, 71. A channel or furrow in a column ; fluted work. FLtJT'IST, 71. A performer on the flute. Busby. FLUT'TER, V. i. [Sax. floteran.'] 1. To move or flap the wings rapidly, without flying, or with short flights ; to hover. 2. To move about briskly, irregularly or with great bustle and show, without consequence. 3. To move with quick vibrations or undulations. 4. To be in agita- tion ; to move iiTegularly ; to fluctuate ; to be in imcer- taintv. FLUT'TER, V. I. 1. To drive in disorder. 2. To hurry the mind ; to agitate. 3. To disorder ; to throw into confusion. FLUT'TER, n. 1. Q,uick and irregular motion ; vibration ; undulation. 2. HuiTy ; tumult ; agitation of the mind 3. Confusion ; disorder ; irregularity in position. FLUT'TERED, pp. Agitated ; confused ; disordered. FLUT'TER-TXG, p;>r. Flapping the wings without flight or With short flights ; hovering ; agitating. FLUT'TER-ING, n. The act of hovering, or flapping the wines without flight ; a wavering ; agitation. FLU-VI-AT'I€, \ a. [L. fluviaticus.] Belonging to rivere ; FLU'VI-AL, ) growing or living in streams or ponds. FLu'VI-A-TILE, a. [L. fluviatilis.] Belonging to rivers. Kir7can. FLUX, n. [L.fluxus.] I. The act of flowing ; the motion or passing of a fluid. 2. The moving or passing of any thing in continued succession. 3. Any flow or issue of matter. — In medicine, an extraordinary issue or evacua- tion. — 4. In hydrography, the flow of the tide. — 5. In metanurrry, any substance or mixture used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals. 6. Fusion ; a liquid stale from the operation of heat. 7. That which flows or is discharged. 8. Concourse ; confluence ; [little used.] FLUX, a. Flowing; moving; maintained by a constant succession of parts 3 mconstant ; variable. [JVot well au- thorized.'] FLUX, V. t. 1. To melt ; to fuse ; to make fluid. 2. To salivate ; [little used.] So^ith. FLUX-A'TION, 71. A flowing or passing away, and giving place to others. Leslie. FLUXED, pp. Melted ; fused ; reduced to a flowing state. FLUX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting fusion. FLUX'T-BLE, a. Capable of being melted or fused. FLUX-IL'I-TY, 7). [Low L. fluxilis.] The quality of ad- mitting fusion ; possibility of being fused or liquefied. FLUX'ION, 7!. [L.fluxio.] I. The act of flowing. 2. The matter that flows. — 3. Fluxions, in mathematics, the analy- sis of infinitely small variable quantities, or a method of finding an infinitely small quantity, which being taken an infinite number of times, becomes equal to aquantity given. FLUX'IOX-A-RY, a. Pertaining to matliematical fluxions. FLUX'ION-IST, n. One skilled^'in fluxions. Berkeley. t FLUX'IVE, a. Flowing ; wanting solidity. B. Jonson. t FLUX'URE, 71. A flowing or fluid matter. Draytoji. FLY, V. i. ; pret. fleio : part, flown. [Sax.flvcogan.] 1. To move through an- by the aid of wings, as fowls. 2. To pass or move in air, by the force of wind or other impulse. 3. To rise in air. 4. To move or pass with velocity or celerity, either on land or water. 5. To move rapidly, in any manner. 6. To pass away ; to depart ; with the idea of "haste, swiftness or escape. 7. To pass rapidly, as time. Swift ^7/ the fleeting hours. 8. To part suddenly or with violence ; to burst, as a bottle. 9. To spring by an elastic force. 10. To pass swiftly, as rumor or report. 11. To flee ; to run away ; to attempt to escape ; to escape. 12 To flutter; to vibrate or play. TofliV at, to spring towards ; to rush on ; to fall on sudden- ly.— ^o/)/ in t/fe /ace. 1. To insult. 2. To assail ; to re- sist ; to set at defiance ; to oppose with violence ; to act in direct opposition. — 7'ofly off. 1. To separate or depart suddenly. 2. To revolt. — To fly open, to open suddenly or with violence. — To fly out. 1. To rush out ; also, to burst into a passion. 2. To break out into license. 3 To start or issue with violence from any direction. — To let fly. 1. To discharge ; to throw or drive with violence. — 2. In seamanship, to let go suddenly. FL"?, V. t. 1. To shun ; to avoid ; to decline. 2. To quit by flight. 3. To attack by a bird of prey ; [obs.] 4. To cause to float in the air. FLY, 71. [Sax..^eoD-e.] 1. In zoology, a winged insect of various species. — 2. In mechanics, a cross with leaden weights at the ends. 3. That part of a vane whith points * See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, lo7ig.—FkB., FALL, WH^T ;— PRgY ;^PIN, MARiJfE, BiRD 3— f Obsolete FOE 349 Pol- and shows wLich way the wind blows. 4. The extent of an ensign, flag or pendant from the staff to the end that flutters loose in the wind. FLY'BANE, 72. A plant called catch-fly. FL-?'BIT-T£N, a. Marked by the bite of flies. Shak. FL'f'BLoW, V. t. To deposit an egg in any thing, as a fly 5 to taint with the eggs which produce maggots. FL-?BLoW, n. The egg of a fly. FLY'BoAT, n. A large, flat-bottomed Dutch vessel. FIiY'€ATCH-ER, n. 1. One that hunts flies.— 2. In zoolo- gy, a genus of birds, the muscicapa. Encyc. FLy'ER, 71. 1. One that flies or flees ; usually written ^ier. 2. One that uses wings. 3. The fly of a jack.— 4. In ar- chitecture, stairs that do not wind, but are made of an ob- long square figure. 5. A performer in Mexico, who flies round an elevated post. FLYFISH, V. i. To angle.with flies for bait. FLf'FISH-ING, 71. Anglmg; the. art of angling for fish with flies, natural or artificial, for bait. FLfFLAP, 7i. Something to drive away flies. Congreve. FLY-H6N'EY-SUe-KLE, n. A plant, the lonicera. FLt'ING, ppr. 1. Moving in air by means of wings ; pass- ing rapidly ; springing ; bursting ; avoiding. 2. a. Float- ing ; waving. 3. a. Aloving ; light, and suited for prompt mj)tion. — Flyinff colors, a phrase expressing triumph. FLY'ING-BRiDGE, 71. A bridge of pontoons ; also, a bridge composed of two boats. FL-f'ING-FISH, 71. A small fish which flies by means of its pectoral fins. It is of the genus exocmtus. FLY' [NG-PAR-TY , n. In military affairs, a detachment of men employed to hoyer about an enemy FLy'ING-PIN'ION, 71, The part of a clock, having a fly or faji, by which it gathers air. FLY'-TRAP, 71. In 6oi«7f7/, a species of sensitive plant. FLY'-TREE, 71. A tree whose leaves are said to produce flies, from a httle bag on the surface. FoAL, 71. [S'a.x. fola, fole.] The young of the equine ge- nus of quadrupeds, and of either sex ; a colt ; a filly. FoAL, v.t. To bring forth a colt or filly 5 to bring forth young, as a mare or a she-ass. FoAL, V. i. To bring forth young, as a mare and certain other beasts. FoAL-BIT, 71. A plant. FoAL'FOOT, 7!. The colt's-foot, tussilago. FoAM, 7!. [Sax. /(zm, /«;«.] Froth 5 spume; the substance which is formed on the surface of liquors by fermentation or violent agitation, consisting of bubbles. FoAM, V. i. 1. To froth ; to gather foam. 2. To be in a rage ; to be violently agitated. FoAM, 75. t. To throw out with rage or violence. FoAM'ING, ppr. Frothing ; fuming. FoAM'ING-LY, adv. Frothily. FoAM'Y, a. Covered with foam ; frothy. FOB, 77. [qu. G.fuppe.'] A little pocket for a watch. FOB, V. t. {Gr.foppen.] To cheat ; to trick ; to impose on. — To fob off, to shift ofi" by an artifice ; to put aside ; to delude with a trick. [j1 loio word.] Shak. FOBBED, pp. Cheated ; imposed on. FOB'BING, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on. FO'CAL, a. [li. focus.] Belonging to a focus. FC'CIL, 71. [FT.focile.] The greater focil is the ulna or tibia, the greater bone of the fore-arm or leg. The lesser focil is the radius or fibula, the lesser bone of the fore-arm or leg. t FOC-IL-La'TION, 7!. [-L.focUlo.] Comfort; support. Fo'€US, n. ; plu. Focuses, or Foci. [1,. focus.] 1. In optics, a point in which any number of rays of light meet, after being reflected or refracted.— 2. In geometry and conic sections, a certain point in the parabola, ellipsis and hyperbola, where rays reflected from all parts of these curves concur or meet. 3. A central point ; point of concentration. FOD'DER, 7(. [Sax. foddor, or f other.] 1. Food or dry food for cattle, horses and sheep, as hay, straw and other kinds of vegetables.— 2. In mining, a "measure containing 20 hundred, or 22^ hundred. FOD'DER, V. t. To feed with dry food or cut grass, &c. ; to furnish with hay, straw, oats, fcc. FOD'DERED, pp. Fed with dry food, or cut grass. FOD'DER-ER, n. He who fodders cattle. FOD'DER-ING, ppr. Feeding with dry food, &c. Fo'DI-EJNTT, a. [L. fodio, to dig.] Digging ; throwing up with a spade. \ Little used.] FoE, (fo) 71. [Sax./a/i.] 1. An enemy ; one who entertains personal enmity, hatred, grudge or malice against another. 2. An enemy in war ; one of a nation at war with another ; an adversary. 3. Foe, like enemy, in the singular, is used to denote an opposing army, or nation at war. 4. An op- ponent ; an enemy ; one who opposes any thing in princi- ple ; an ill-wisher. t FoE, V. t. To treat as an enemy. Spenser. T FoE'HQOD, 71. Enmity. BedelL FoE'LiK:^, a. Like an enemy. Sandys. t FoE'MAN, 71. An enemy in war. Spenser. FGE'TUS. See Fetps. FOG, 71. [It. sfogo.] 1. A dense, watery vaprr, exhaled from the earth, or from rivers and lakes, or generated in the atmasphere near the earth. 2. A cloud of dust or smoke. FOG, 7!. [W.fwg.] After-grass; a second growth of grass : but it signifies, also, long grass that remains on land. D'^ad grass, remaining on land during wmter, is ceilled, in J\'ew England, tl e old tore. FOG'r. «. To overcast ; to darken. Sherwood. FOG, V. i. [Fr. vogue.] To have power. Milton. FOG'BANK, n. At sea, an appearance, in hazy weather sometimes resembling land at a distance, but which van- ishes as it is approached. FOG'GAGE, 71. Rank grass not consumed or mowed in summer. Encyc. FOG'GI-LY, adv. Mistily ; darkly ; cloudily. FOGMI-NESS, 7?. The state of being foggy ; a state of the air filled with watery exhalations. FOG'GY, a. 1. Filled or abounding with fog or watery ex- halations. 2. Cloudy ; misty ; damp with humid vapors. 3. Producing fiequent fogs. 4. Dull ; stupid 3 clouded in understanding. FOH, an exclamation of abhorrence or contempt ; the same as poh and fy. fFOI'BLE, a. Weak. Herbert. FOI'BLE, n. [Fr. foible.] A particular moral weakness ; a failing. FOIL, V. t. [In Norm, afolee.] 1. To frustrate ; to defeat ; to render vain or nugatory, as an eff"ort or attempt. 2. To blunt ; to dull. 3. To defeat ; to interrupt, or to ren- der imperceptible. FOIL, 71. Defeat ; frustration ; the failure of success when on the point of being secured ; miscarriage. FOIL, 7?. [W. ficyl.] A blunt sword, or one that has a but- ton at the end covered with leather ; 7i$ed in fencing. FOIL, H. [Fr. feuille: It. foglia.] 1. A leaf or thin plate of metal used in gilding. — 2. Among jewelers, a thin leaf of metal placed under precious stones, to make them appear transparent, and to give them a particular color. 3. Any thing of another color, or of diflfierent qualities, which serves to adorn, or set off" another thing to advantage. 4 A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the ba(k of a looking-glass, to cause reflection. FOIL'A-BLE, a. Which may be foiled. Cotgrave. FOILED, pp. Frustrated ; defeated. FOIL'ER, 7i. One who frustrates another, and gains an ad- vantage himself. FOIL'ING, p;^r. Defeating; frustrating; disappointing of success. FOIL'ING, 77. Among hunters, the slight mark of a passuig deer on the grass. Todd. FOIN, V. t. [Fr. poindre.] 1. To push in fencing. Spenser 2. To prick ; to sting ; [not in use.] FOIN, V. i. [Fr. poindre.] To push in fencing. Spenser FOIN. n. A push ; a thrust. Robinson. FOIN'ING, ppr. Pushing ; thrusting. FOIJV ING-LY, adv. In a pushing manner. tFOTS'ON, 7). [L.fiisio.] Plenty; abundance. FOIST, V. t. To insert surreptitiously, wrongfullj'^, or with out warrant. t FOIST, 72. A light and fast-sailing ship. Beaumont. FOIST, 7-. i. To stbik ; to be fusty. FOIST'EB, pp. Inserted wrongfully. FOIST'ER, n. One who inserts without authority. FOIST'IED, a. Mustied. See Fusty. FOIST'I-NESS, n. Fustiness, which see. FOIST'ING, ppr. Inserting surreptitiously or without au- thoritv. FOIST'Y, a. Fusty, which see. Fold, 77. [Sax. fald, falde.] 1. A pen or inclosure for slieep ; a place where a flock of sheep is kept, whether in the field or under shelter. 2. A flock of sheep. 3. A limit ; [not in use.] Fold, n. [Sax. feald.] 1. The doubling of any flexible substance, as cloth ; complication ; a plait ; one part turn- ed or bent and laid on another. — 2. In composition, the same quantity added ; as four-fold. Fold, v. t. [Sax. fealdan.] 1. To double ; to lap or lay in plaits. 2. To double and insert one part in another. 3. To double or lay together, as the arms. 4. To con^ue slieep in a fold. Fold, v. i. To close ower another of the same kind. FoLD'AGE, 71. The right of folding sheep. F^LD'ED, pp. Doubled ; laid in plaits ; kept in a fold. FoLD'ER, 7). ]. An instrument used in folding paper. 2. One that folds. Folding, jjpr. 1. Doubling; Ia3ang in plaits ; keeping in a fold. 2. a. Doubling ; that may close over another, or that consists of leaves whicli mav close one over another. FoLD'ING, 77. ]. A fold; a doubling.— 2. Among farmers, the keeping of sheep in inclosures. FO-LI-A'CEOUS, a. [L. foliaceus.] 1. Leafy; having leaves intermixed with flowers. 'Foliaceons glands are • See SynopxL" MOVE. BOQK, DOVE —PULL, UNITE— € as K ; ^ J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete FOL 350 FOG those situated on leaves. 2. Consisting of leaves or thin lamins ; having the form of a leaf or plate. Fo'LI-A6E, n. [Ft. feuUlage.j 1. Leaves in general. 2. A cluster of leaves, flowers and branches. Fg LI-AGE, V. t. To work or to form into the representa- tion of leaves. Drummond. Fo'LI-A6ED, a. Furnished with foliage. Shenstone. Fo'LI-ATE, V. t. [L. foiiatus.] 1. To beat into a leaf, or thin plate or lam in. 2. To spread over with a thin coat of tin and quicksilver, FoR'TI-LAGE, n. A little fort ; a block-house. FoRT'IN, 71. [Fr.] A little fort ; a field fort ; a sconce. FOR'TI-TUDE, n. [L. fortitude.] That strength or firm- ness of mind which enables a person to encounter danger with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or adversity without murmuring, depression or despondency. We sometimes confound the effect with the cause, and use fortitude as synonymous with courage or patience ; but courage is an active virtue or vice, and patience is the effect of fortitude. FoRT'LET, n. A little fort. FORT'NIGHT, (foit'nit) n. [contracted from fourteen nights.] The space of fourteen days ; two weeks. FOR'TRESS, 71. [Fr. forteresse.] 1. Any fortified place ; a fort ; a castle ; a strong hold ; a place of defense or secu- rity. 2. Defense ; safety ; security FOR'TRESS, V. t. To furnish with fortresses ; to guard ; to fortify. Shak. FOR'TRESSED, a. Defended by a fortress. FOR-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. fortuitus.] Accidental ; casual ; happening by chance ; coming or occurring unexpectedly, or without any known cause. FOR-TC'I-TOUS-LY, adv. Accidentally; casually. FOR-Ttf'I-TOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being accident- al ; accident ; chance. FOR-TU'I-TY, 71. Chance ; accident. Forbes. FOR'TU-NATE, a. [L. fortunatus.] I. Coming by good luck or favorable chance ; bringing some unexpected good. 2. Lucky ; successful ; receiving some unforeseen or unexpected good. 3. Successful ; happy ; prosperous. FOR'TU-NATE-LY, adv. Luckily ; successfully ; happily ; by good fortune, or favorable chance or issue. FOR'TU-NATE-NESS, n. Good luck; success; happi- ness. Sidney. FOR'TUNE, 71. [Fr. ; L.fortuna.] I. The good or ill that befalls man. 2. Success, good or bad ; event. 3. The chance of life ; means of living ; wealth. 4. Estate ; possessions. 5. A large estate ; great wealth. 6. The portion of a man or woman ; generally of a woman. 7. Futurity ; future state or events ; destiny. t FOR'TUNE, V. t. 1. To make fortunate. Chaucer. 9. To dispose fortunately or not ; also, to presage. Dryden. FOR'TUNE, v.i. To befaU; to fall out; to happen; to come casually to pass. Knolles. FOR'TUNE-BOOK, n. A book to be consulted to discover future events. Crashaw. FOR'TUNED, a. Supplied by fortune. Shak. FOR'TUNE-HUNT-ER, n. A man who seeks to marry a woman with a large portion, with a view to enrich him- self. Addison. FOR'TUNE-LESS, a. Luckless ; also, destitute of a for tune or portion. FOR'TUNE-TELL, v. t. To teU or pretend to tell the fu- ture events of one's life ; to reveal futurity. FOR'TUNE-TELL-ER, n. One who tells or pretends to foretell the events of one's life. FOR'TUNE-TELL-ING, ppr. Tellmg the future events of one's life. FOR'TUNE-TELL-ING, n. The act or practice of foreteU- ing the future fortune or events of one's life, t FOR'TU-NIZE, V. t. To regulate the fortune of. FOR'TY, a. [Sax. feowertig.] 1. Four times ten. 2. An indefinite number ; a colloquial use. Fo'RUM, n. [L.] 1. In Rovie, a public place, where causes were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people ; also, a market-place. 2. A tribunal ; a court ; any as- sembly empowered to hear and decide causes ; also, ju risdiction. t FOR-WAN'DER, v. i. To wander away ; to rove wildly t FOR-WAN'DERED, a. Lost ; bewildered. FOR'WARD, adv. [Sax.forweard.] Toward a part or place before or in front ; onward ; progressively. — In a ship, for?card denotes toward the forepart. FOR'WARD, a. 1. Near or at the forepart ; in advance of something else. 2. Ready; prompt; strongly inclined. 3. Ardent ; eager ; earnest ; violent. 4. Bold ; confident ; less reserved or modest than is proper. 5. Advanced be- yond the usual degree ; advanced for the season. 6. Uuick ; hasty ; too ready. 7. Anterior ; fore. 8. Ad- vanced ; not behindhand. FOR'WARD, v.t. 1. To advance ; to help onward ; to promote. 2. To accelerate ; to quicken ; to hasten. 3. To send forward ; to send towards the place of destina- tion ; to transmit. FOR'WARD-ED, pp. Advanced ; promoted ; aided in pro gress ; quickened ; sent onward ; transmitted. FOR'WARD-ER, n. He that promotes, or advances in progress. FOR'WARD-ING, ppr. Advancing ; promoting ; aiding in progress ; accelerating in growth ; sending onwards ; transmitting. FOR'WARD-LY, adv. Eagerly ; hastily ; quickly. FOR'.WARD-NESS, n. 1. Cheerful readiness; promptness. 2. Eagerness ; ardor. 3. Boldness ; confidence ; assu- rance ; want of due reserve or modesty. 4. A state of advance beyond the usual degree. t FOR-WaSTE', v. t. To waste ; to desolate. Spenser. t FOR-WeA'RY, v. t. To dispirit. Spenser. FOR-WEEF, v. i. To weep much. Chaucer. t FOR'WoRD, 71. A promise. Spenser. FOSSE, ) n. [Fr. fosse.] 1. A ditch or moat ; a word used FOSS, \ ill fortification. — 2. In anatomy, a kind of cavity in a bone, with a large aperture. Encyc. FOS'SIL, a. [Fr. fossile.] I. Dug out of the earth ; as, fossil coal. 2. That may be taken from the earth by digging. FOS'SIL, n. A substance dug from the earth, or penetrated with earthy or metallic particles. FOS'SIL-€o-PAL, 71. Highgate resin. FOS'SIL-IST, 71. One who studies the nature and pioper- ties of fossils. Black. FOS-SIL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act or process of converting into a fossil or petrifaction. Journ. of Science. FOS'SIL-iZE, V. t. To convert into a fossil. FOS'SIL-iZE, V. i. To be changed into a fossil. FOS'SIL-IZED, pp. Converted into a fossil. FOS'SIL-I-ZING, ppr. Changing into a fossil. FOS-SIL'0-GY, n. [fossil, and Gr. Xoyos.] A discourse or treatise on fossils ; also, the science of fossils. FOSS'RoAD, or FOSS'WaY, n. A Roman military way in England, leading from Totness to Barton. Encyc. FOS TER, V. t. [Sax. fostrian.] 1. To feed ; to nourish ; to support ; to bring up. 2. To cherish ; to forward ; to promote growth. 3. To cherish ; to encourage ; to sustair and promote. FOS'TER, V. i. To be nourished or trained up together. FOS'TER, n. A forester. Spenser. FOS'TER-AGE, 7t. The charge of nursing. Raleigh. FOS'TER-BR6TH-ER, n. A male nursed at the same breast, or fed by the same nurse. FOS'TER-CHiLD, 71. A child nursed by a woman not the mother, or bred by a man not the father. FOS'TER-DAM, n. A nurse ; one that performs the office of a mother by giving food to a child. * See Synopsis. A, £, f, 5^ tJ, "S?, Img.- FAR, F^LL, Wll^T ,—VK&Y j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- O''iolet^ FOU 357 FOX FOS'TER-EARTH, n Earth by which a plant is nourish- eu, though not its native soil. Philips. FOS'TERED, pp. Nourished; cherished; promoted. FOS'TER-ER, n. A nurse ; one that feeds and nourishes in the place of parents. Davies. FOS'TER-FA-THER, n. One who takes the place of a father in feeding and educating a child. Bacon. FOSTER-ING, ppr. Nursing; cherishing; bringing up. FOS'TER-ING, n. 1. The act of nursing, nourishing and cherishing. 2. Nourishment. Chaucer. FOS'TER-LING, n. A foster-child. B.Jonson. ■f FOS'TER-MENT, n. Food ; nourishment. F0S'TER-M6TH-ER, n. A nurse. FOS'TER-NURSE, 71. A nurse. {Tautological.'] FOS'TER-SHIP, n. The office of a forester. Churton. FOS'TER-SIS-TER, n. A female nursed by the same per- son. Swift. FOS'TER-SoN, 11. One fed and educated, like a son, though not a son by birth. Drydcn. FOS'TRESS, 71. A female who feeds and cherishes; a nurse. B Jonson. FOTH'ER, Tu [G fuder ] A weight of lead containing eight pigs, and every pig twenty-one stone and ahalf. FOTH'ER, V. t. To endeavor to stop a leak in the bottom of a ship, while afloat. FOTH'ER-ING, ppr. Stopping leaks, as above. FOTPI'ER-ING, 71. The operation of stopping leaks in a ship. FOU-GADE', 71. [Fr. fougade.] In the art of ivar, a little mine, in the form of a well, dug under some work, fortifi- cation or post. FOUGHT, (fawt) pret. and pp. of fight. t FOUGHT'EN, for fought. FOUL, a. [Sax.fuljfaul.] 1. Covered with or containing extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious or offen- sive ; filthy ; duty ; not clean. 2. Turbid ; thick ; muddy. 3. Impure ; polluted ; as, a foul mouth. Shak. 4. Im- pure ; scurrilous ; obscene or profane. 5. Cloudy and stormy ; rainy or tempestuous. 6. Impure ; defiling. 7. Wicked ; detestable ; abominable. 8. Unfair ; not hon- est ; not lawful or according to established rules or cus- toms. 9. Hateful ; ugly ; loathsome. 10. Disgraceful ; shameful. 11. Coarse; gross. 12. Full of gross humors or impurities. 13. Full of weeds. — 14. Among sea7?tert, entangled ; hindered from motion ; opposed to clear. 15. Covered with weeds or barnacles. 16. Not fair ; contraiy. 17. Not favorable or safe; dangerous.— To fall foul, 1. Is to rush on with haste, rough force and unseasonable vio- lence. 2. To run against. FOUL, V. t. [Sax. fulian, gefijlan.] To make filthy ; to defile ; to daub ; to dirty ; to bemire ; to soil. t FOUL'DER, V. i. To emit great heat. Spense-^- FOULED, pp. Defiled ; dirtied. FOUL'FaCED, a. Having an ugly or hateful visage. FOUL-FEED'ING, a. Gross ; feeding grossly. Hall. FOUL'ING, ppr. JMaking foul ; defiling. FOUL'LY, adv. 1. Filthily ; nastily ; hatefully ; scandal- ously ; disgracefully ; shamefully. 2. Unfairly ; not hon- estly. FOUL'MOUTHED, a. Using language scurrilous, oppro- brious, obscene or profane ; uttering abuse, or profane or obscene words ; accustomed to use bad language. FOUL'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being foul or filthy; filthiness ; defilement. 2. The quality or state of con- taining or being covered with any thing extraneous which is noxious or offensive. 3. Pollution ; impurity. 4. Hate- fulness ; atrociousness. 5. Ugliness ; deformity. 6. Un- fairness ; dishonesty; want of candor. FOUL'SPO-KEN, a. 1. Slanderous. Shak. 2. Using pro- fane, scurrilous or obscene language. FOU'MART, 71. [?,cot. foumarte.] The polecat. FOUND, prct. and pp. of find. FOUND, V. t. {l^.fundo ; Fr. fonder.} 1. To lay the basis of any thing ; to set, or place, as on something solid for support. 2. To begin and build ; to lay the foundation, and raise a superstructure. 3. To set or place ; to estab- lish, as on sometliing solid or durable. 4. To begin ; to form or lay the basis. 5. To give birth to ; to originate. 6. To set ; to place ; to establish on a basis. 7. To fix firmly. FOUND, V. t. [L.fundo ; Fr.fondre.] To cast ; to form by melting a metal and pouring it into a mold. FOUN-Da'TION, n. ['L.fandatio.] 1. The basis of an edi- fice ; that part of a building which lies on the ground. 2. The act of fixing the basis. 3. The basis or ground-work of any thing. 4. Original; rise. 5. Endowment; a do- nation or legacy appropriated to support an institution. 6. Establishment ; settlement. FOUN-Da'TION-LESS, a. Having no foundation. FOUND'ED, pp. Set ; fixed ; established on a basis ; begun and built. FOUND'ER, n. 1 One that founds, establishes and erects ; one that lays a foundation. 2. Onp who begins ; an au- thor ; one from svhom ^ny thing originates. 3. One who endows ; one who furnishes a permanent fund for the support of an institution.— 4. [Fr. fondeur.] A castei , one who casts metals. FOUND'ER, V. i. [Fx.fondrc.] 1 In scamen^s language, tu fill or be filled, and sink, as a ship. 2. To fail ; to mis- carry. 3. To trip ; to fall. FOUND'ER, V. t. To cause internal inflammation and great soreness in the feet of a horse. FOUND'ERED, pp. Made lame in the feet by inflammation and extreme tenderness. t FOUND'ER-OUS, a. Failing ; liable to perish ; minous. Burke. FOUND'ER-Y, n. [Fr. fonderie.] 1. The art of casting- metals into various forms for use ; the casting of statues 2. The house and works occupied in casting metals. FOUND'LING, n. A deserted or exposed infant; a child found without a parent or owner. FOUND'RESS, n. A female founder ; a woman who founds or establishes, or who endows with a fund. FOUNT, Ui. [L.fons ; Fr.foiHaine; Sp. fuente.] 1. FOUNT'AIN, ) A spring, or source of water ; properly, spring or issuing of water from the earth. 2. A small basin of springing water. 3. A jet; a spouting of water ; an artificial spring. 4. The head or source of a river. 5. Original ; first principle or cause ; the source of anything. — Fount of types. See Font. FOUNT'AIN-HEAD, 71. Primary source ; original ; first principle. Young. FOUNT'AIN-LESS, a. Having no fount^iin ; wanting a spring. Milton. FOUNT' AIN-TREE, n. In the Canary isles, a tree which distills water from its leaves. FOUNT'FTJL, a. Full of springs. Chapman. Four, a. rSax. feower ; G. ijier.] Twice two. F5URBE, 71. [Fr.] A tricking fellow ; a cheat. FoUR'FoLD, a. Four double; quadruple; four times told. FoUR'FoLD, n. Four times as much. FoUR'FoLD, V. t. To assess in a fourfold ratio. [JVot au- thorized.] FoUR'F09T-ED, a. Quadruped; having four feet. FOUR'RIER, 71. [Fr.] A harbinger. [JVot English.] Four score, a. Four times twenty ; eighty. It is used elliptically for fourscore years. FSUll'SarjARE, a. Having four sides and four angles equal ; quadrangular. Raleigh. FoUR'TEEN, a. [four and ten ; Sax. feowertyn.] Four and ten ; twice seven. FoUR'TEENTH, a. The ordinal of fourteen ; the fourth after the tenth. FOURTH, a. The ordinal of four ; the next after the third. Fourth, n. in music, an interval composed of two tones and a semitone. FoURTH'LY, adv. .In the fourth place. FoUR'WHEELED, a. Having or running on four wheels. FOU'TER, 71. A despicable fellow. Brocket. fFOU-TRA', n. [Fx.foutre.] A fig ; a scoff. Shak. FOU'TY, a. [Fx.foutu.] Despicable. FO-VIL'LA, 71. A fine substance, imperceptible to the naked eye, emitted from the pollen of flowers. FOWL, 71. \_BdiX. fugel,fagl.] A flying or winged animal ; a bird. — Fowl is used as a collective noun ; as, we dined on fish and fowl. FOWL, V. i. To catch or kill wild fowls for game. FOWL'ER, n. A sportsman who pursues wild fowls, or takes or kills them for food. FOWL'ING, ppr. Pui-suing or taking wild fowls. FOWL'ING, 71. The art or practice of catching or shooting fowls ; also, falconry. FOWL'ING-PIECE, 71. A light gun for shooting fowls. FOX, 71. [Sax. /or.] 1. An animal of the genus canis, with a straight tail, yellowish or straw-colored hair, and erect ears, remarkable for cunning. 2. A sly, cunning fellow. — 3. In seamen^s language, a seizing made by twisting several rope-yarns together. 4. Formerly, a cant expres- sion for a sword. Shak. t FOX, v. t. To intoxicate ; to stupefy. Boyle. t FOX'CASE, 71. The skin of a fox. L'Estrange. FOX'CHASE, 71. The pursuit of a fox with hounds. fFOX'ER-Y, 71. Behavior like that of a fox. Chaucer FOX'E-VIL, 71. A disease in which the hair falls off FOX'FISH, 71. A fish. FOX'GLoVE, 71. The name of a plant, the digitalis. FOX'HOUND, 71. A hound for chasing foxes. FOX HUNT, 77. The chase or hunting of a fox. FOX'HUNT-ER, 7i. One who hunts or pursues foxes with hounds. FOX'ISH, \ FOX'LIKE, > a. Resembling a fox in qualities : cunning. FOX'LY, > FOX'SHIP, 71. The character or qualities of a fox ; cun- ning. Shak. FOX'TAIL, 71. A species of grass, the alopecurus. FOX'TRAP, 71. A trap, or a gin or snare, to catch foxes. See Synop^. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete FRA 358 FRA FOX Y, a. rerta-niiig to foxes ; wily. FOY, 71. [Fr foi.] Faith. Spenser. FOY, n. [Tent, foey.] A feast given by one who is about to leave a place. England^s Jests. FOY'SON. SeeFoisoN. FRa'€AS, n. [Fr..] An uproar 3 a noisy quarrel ; a dis- turbance. FRA€T, V. t. To break. FRA€'TI0N, ?i. [Ij.f radio ; ¥y. fraction.'] 1. The act of breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence. — 2. In arithmetic and algebra, a broken part of an inte- gral or integer. ""11A€'T10N-AL, a. Belonging to a broken number ; com- prising a part or the parts of a unit. i RA€'TIOUS, a. Apt to break out into a passion ; apt to quarrel ; cross ; snappish. PRAC'TIOUS-LY, adv. Passionately ; snappishly. "^Ae'TIOUS-NESS, n. A cross or snappish temper. FRA€T'URE, n. [h. fractura.] 1. A breach in any body, especially a breach caused by violence ; a rupture of a solid body. — 2. In surgery, the rupture or disruption of a bone.— 3. In mineralogy, the manner in which a mineral Dreaks, and by which its textm-e is displayed. FRA€T'URE, v. t. To break 3 to burst asunder; to crack; to separate continuous parts. ^5,A€T'URED, pp. Broken ; cracked. FR A€T'UR-ING, ppr. Breaking 3 bursting asunder ; crack- ing. FRA6'iLE, a. [L fragilis.] I. Brittle; easily broken. 2. Weak ; liable to fail 3 easily destroyed. Milton. ■"RA-GIL'I-TY, n. 1. Brittleness 3 easiness to be broken. 2. Weakness ; liableness to fail. 3. Frailty ; liableness to fault. FRAG'MENT, n. [L.fragmentum.] 1. A part broken off ; a piece separated from an v thing by breaking. 2. A part separated from the rest ; an impeifect part. 3. A small detached portion. FRAG'MENT- A-RY, a. Composed of fragments. FRa'GOR, n. [L.] 1. A loud and sudden sound 3 the re- port of any thing bursting ; a loud, harsh sound ; a crash. 2. A strong or sweet scent ; [obs.] FRa'GRANCE, In. [1,. fi-agrantia.] Sweetness of smell ; FRa'GRAN-CY, \ that quality of bodies which affects the olfactory nerves with an agreeable sensation; pleasing scent ; grateful odor. FRa'GRANT, a. Sweet of smell ; odorous. Milton. FRa'GRANT-LY, adv. With sweet scent. Mortimer. FRAIL, a. [Fr. frile ; It. frale.] 1. Weak ; infirm ; liable to fail and decay ; subject to casualties ; easily destroyed 3 perishable; not firm or durable. 2. Weak in mind or resolution ; liable to error or deception. 3. Weak 3 easi- ly broken or overset. FRAIL, 71. [Norm, fraile ] 1. A basket made of rushes. 2, A rush for weaving baskets. 3. A certain quantity of raisins, about 75 pounds. FRaIL'NESS, n. Weakness ; infirmity. FRaIL'TY, 71. 1. Weakness of resolution ; infirmity ;lia bleness to be deceived or seduced. 2. Frailness ; infirm- ity of body. 3. Fault proceeding from weakness ; foible ; sin of infirmity. FRaI'SCHEUR, n. [Fr.] Freshness ; coolness. [JVot Eng- lish.'] Dryden. FRAISE, 71. [Fr.] In /o?-f jyicaijo??, a defense consisting of pointed stakes driven into the retrenchments, parallel to the horizon. 2. A pancake with bacon in it ; \_obs.] FRAM, a. [Icel. framur.] Tender ; brittle. Written also frem and frim. Craven dialect. FRAME, V. t. [Sax. fremman.] 1. To fit or prepare and unite several parts in a regular structure or entire thing ; to fabricate by orderly construction and union of various parts. 2. To fit one thing to another ; to adjust ; to make suitable. 3. To make ; to compose. 4. To regulate ; to adjust ; to shape ; to conform. 5. To form and digest by thought. 6. To contrive 3 to plan 3 to devise. 7. To in- vent ; to fabricate. FRAME, v. i. To contrive. Judges, xii. 6. FRAME, n. 1. The timbers of an edifice fitted and joined in the form proposed, for the purpose of supporting the covering. 2. Any fabric or structure composed of parts united. 3. Any kind of case or structure made for admit- tmg, inclosing or supporting things. — 4. Among printers, a stand to support the cases in which the types are dis- tributed. — 5. Among founders, a kind of ledge, inclosing a board, which, being filled with wet sand, serves as a mold for castings. G. A sort of loom, on which linen, silk, &c. is stretched for quilting or embroidering. 7. Order; regularity 3 adjusted series or composition of parts. 8. Form 3 scheme ; structure 5 constitution ; system. 9. Con- trivance ; projection. 10. Fhape ; form ; proportion. FRAME'WoRK, ?i. Work dnne in a frame. Milton. FRAMED, pp. Fitted and united in due form ; made ; com- posed ; devised; adjusted. FRaMIER, 71. One who frames ; a maker ; a contriver. FRaM'ING, ppr Fitting and joining in due construction; making; fabricating 3 composing 3 adjusting; inventing contrivinj. t FRAMToLD, a. Peevish 3 rugged. Hacket. FRAN'CHlSE, (fran'chiz) n. [Fr.] I. A particular privi- lege or right granted by a prince or sovereign to an indi- vidual, or to a number of persons. 2. Exemption from a burden or duty to which others are subject. -3. The dis- trict or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege ex- tends ; the limits of an immunity. 4. An asylum or sanc- tuary, where persons are secure from arrest. FRAN'CHlSE, v. t. To make free ; but enfranchise is more generally used. Shak. FRAN'CHlSE-MENT, n. Release from burden or restric- tion ; freedom. Spenser. FRAN'CIC, a. Pertaining to the Franks or French. FRAN-CIS'€AN, a. Belonging to the order of St. Fran FRa'n-CIS'CAN, n. One of the order of St. Francis. They are called, also, Gray Friars. FRAN-GI-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being fran- gible. FRAN'GI-BLE, a. [L.frango.] That may be broken 3 brit- tle ; fragile ; easily broken. t FRAN'ION, n. A paramour, or a boon companion. Spen- ser. FRANK, a. [Fr. franc ; It., Sp. franco ; G. frank.] 1 Open ; ingenuous ; candid ; free in uttering real senti- ments 3 not reserved 3 using no disguise. 2. Open ; in- genuous. 3. Liberal ; generous; not niggardly. 4. Free; without conditions or compensation. 5. Licentious; un- restrained ; [obs.] FRANK, or FRANC, n. 1. An ancient coin of France 2. A letter which is exempted from postage ; or the writ- ing which renders it free. 3. A sty for swine 3 [not used.] FRANK, 71. 1. A name given by the Turks, Greeks and Arabs to any of the inhabitants of the western parts of Europe. 2. An inhabitant of Fran conia in Germany. FRANK, V. t. 1. To exempt, as a letter from the charge of postage. 2. To shut up in a sty cr frank 3 [not used."! 3. To feed high 3 to cram ; to fatten ; [obs.] FRANK-AL-MOIGNE', (frank-al-moin') n. [frank, and Norm, almoigncs.] Free alms ; in English law, a tenure by which a religious corporation hold^lands to them and their successors forever, on condition of praying for the soul of the donor. FRANK'CHASE, n. A liberty of free chase. FRANKED, ^;p. Exempted from postage. FRANK'FEE, n. Freehold; a holding of lands in fee sim- ple. Encyc. * FRANK-IN'CENSE, or FRANK'IN-CENSE, n. [frank and incense.] A dry, resinous substance, in pieces or drops, of a pale, yellowish-white color, of a bitterish, acrid taste, and very inflammable, used as a perfume. FRANK'ING, ppr. Exempting from postage. FRANK'ISH, a. Relating to the Franks. Verstegan. FRANK'LAVr, n. Free or common law, or the benefit a person has by it, t FRANK'LIN, n. A freeholder. Spenser. FRANK'LIN-ITE, 71. A mineral compound. FRANK'LY, a(Zt). 1. Openly; freely; ingenuously; with- out reserve, constraint or disguise. 2. Liberally ; freely ; readily. FRANK'MAR-RIAGE, n. A tenure in tail special. FRANK'NESS, n. 1. Plainness of speech ; candor ; free- dom in communication ; openness ; ingenuousness. 2. Fairness ; freedom from art or craft. 3. Liberality 3 bounteousness ; [little used.] FRANKTLEDGE, n. A pledge or surety for the good be- havior of freemen. FRANK-TEN'E-MENT, 71. An estate of freehold ; the pos- session of the soil by a freeman. FRAN'TIC, a. [L. phrcneticus.] 1. Mad ; raving ; furious ; outrageous ; wild and disorderly ; distracted. 2. Charac- terized by violence, fury and disorder ; noisy ; mad ; wild ; irregular. FRAN'TIC-LY, adv. Madlv ; distractedly; outrageously FRAN'TIC-NESS, n JMadness ; fury of passion ; distrac- tion. FRAP, V. t. In seamen^s language, to cross and draw to- gether the several parts of a tackle to increase the ten- sion. FRA-TERN'AL, a. [Fr.fraternel ; 'L.fraternus.] Brother- ly 3 pertaining to brethren ; becoming brothers. FRA-TERN'AL-LY, adv. In a brotherly manner. FRA-TERN'I-TY, 71. [h. fraterniias.] 1. The state or quality of a brother; brotherhood. 2. A body of men as- sociated for their common interest or pleasure ; a compa- ny ; a brotherhood ; a society. 3. Men of the same class, profession, occupation or character. FRA-TER-NI-Za'TION, n. Ihe act of associating and holding fellowship as brethren. Burke. FRA-TERN'IZE, v. i. To associate or hold fellowship as brothers, or as men of like occupation. * See Synopsis. A, E , 1,0, Cf, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete FRE 359 FRE * FRAT'RI-CIDE, n [L. fratricidium.] 1. Tlie crime of murdering a brother. 2. One who murders a brother. FBAUD, 71. [L.fraus.] Deceit 5 deception; trick; artifice by which the right or interest of another is injured. FRAUD'FUL, a. 1. Deceitful in malting bargains ; trick- is'li ; treacherous. 2. Containing fraud or deceit. FRAUD'FUL-LY, adv. Deceitfully ; with intention to de- ceive and gain an undue advantage ; trickishly ; treache- rously ; by stratagem. FRAUD'U-LENCE, ) n. Deceitfulness ; trickishness in FRAUD'U-LEN-CY, \ making bargains, or in social concerns. FRAUD'U-LENT, a. 1. Deceitful in making contracts; tri'ckish. 2. Containing fraud ; founded on fraud ; pro- ceeding from fraud. 3. Deceitful ; treacherous. FRAUD'U-LENT-LY, adv. By fraud; by deceit; by arti- fice or imposition. FRAUGHT, (frawt) a. [D. vragt ; G. fracht.] I. Laden ; loaded ; charged. 2. Filled ; stored ; full. f FRAUGHT, m. A freight; a cargo. Drijden. t FRAUGHT, V. t. To load ; to fill ; to crowd. Shak. ■f FRAUGHT'AGE, n. Loading; cargo. Shak. FRAY, ?i. [Yx. fracas.'] 1. A broil, quarrel, or violent riot, that puts men in fear. 2. A combat; a battle; also, a single combat or duel. 3. A contest ; contention. 4. A rub ; a fret or chafe in cloth ; a place injured by rubbing. t FRAY, V. t. To fright ; to terrify. Spenser. FRAY, V. t. {Fx.frayer.] I. To rub; to fret, as cloth by wearing. 2 To rub. FRAYED, pp. Frightened; rubbed; worn. FRaY'ING, ppr. Frightening ; terrifying ; rubbing. FRaY'ING, n. Peel of a deer's horn, B, Jnnson. FReAK, n. [Ice. freka.] 1. Literalhj, a sudden starting or change of place. 2. A sudden, causeless change or turn of the mind ; a whim or fancy ; a capricious prank. FReAK, v. t. To variegate; to checker. FREAKED, pp. Variegated; checkered. FREx\K'ING, ppr. Variegating. FReAK'ISH, a. Apt to change the mind suddenly; whim- sical ; capricious. L'Estrange. FReAKTSH-LY, adv. Capriciously; with sudden change of mind, without cause. FReAK'ISH-NESS, n. Capriciousness ; whimsicalness. FRECKLE, 71. 1. A spot of a yellowish color in the skin. 2. Any small spot or discoloration. FRECKLED, a. 1. Spotted ; having small yellowisli spots on the skin or surface. 2. Spotted. FRECKLED-NESS, 71. The state of being freckled. FRECKLE-FACED, a. Having a face full of freckles. FRECK'LY, a. Full of freckles ; sprinkled with spots. FRED, Sax. frith, Bsin. fred, Sw.frid, G.friede, D.vreedc, peace; as in Frederic, dominion of peace, or ricli in peace ; Winfred, victorious peace. FREE, a. [Sax. frig, freoh.] 1. Being at liberty ; not be- ing under necessity or restraint, physical or moral. — 2. In government, not enslaved ; not in a state of vassalage or dependence ; subject only to fixed laws, made by consent. 3. Instituted by a free people ; not arbitrary or despotic. 4. Not imprisoned, confined or under arrest. 5. Uncon- strained ; unrestrained ; not under compulsion or co7itrol. 6. Permitted ; allowed ; open ; not appropriated. 7. Not obstructed. 8. Licentious ; unrestrained. 9, Open ; can- did ; frank; ingenuous; unreserved. 10. Liberal in ex- penses; not parsimonious. 11. Gratuitous; not gained by importunity or purchase. 12. Clear of crime or offense ; guiltless ; innocent. 13. Not having feeling or suffering ; clear ; exempt. 14. Not encumbered with. 15. Open to all ; without restriction or without expense. 16. Invested with franchises ; enjoying certain immunities; with of. 17. Possessing without vassalage or slavish conditions. 18. Liberated from the government or control of parents, or of a guardian or master. 19. Ready ; eager ; not dull ; acting without spurring or whipping. 20. Genteel ; charming ; [not in use.] FREE, ■u.'t. 1. To remove from a thing any encumbrance or obstruction ; to disengage from ; to rid ; to strip ; to clear. 2. To set at liberty ; to rescue or release from slavery, captivity or confinement ; to loose. 3. To disen- tangle ; to disengage. 4. To exempt. 5. To manumit; to release from bondage. 6. To clear from water ; as a ship by pumping. 7. To release from obligation or duty. — To free from, or free of, is to rid of, by removing in any manner. FREE-BENCH', n. A widow's dower in a copyhold. FREE'BOOT-ER, 71. [B. vrybuiter ; G. freibeuter.] One who wanders about for plunder ; a robber ; a pillager ; a plunderer. FREE'BOOT-ING, n. Robbery ; plunder ; a pillaging. FREE'BORN, a. Born free ; not in vassalage ; inheriting liberty, FREE-CHAP'EL, n. In England, a chapel founded by the king, and not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary. FREE'COST, 71. Without expense ; freedom from charges. South. FREED, pp. Set at liberty; loosed; delivered from re^ straint; cleared of hinderance or obstruction. FREE-DEN'I-ZEN, n. A citizen. Jackson. FREE-DEN'I-ZEN, v. t. [free and denizen.] To make free. Bp. Hall. FREED'MAN, 71. A man who has been a slave and is man- umitted. FREE'DOM, 71. 1. A state of exemption from the power or control of another ; liberty ; exemption from slavery, ser vitude or confinement. 2. Particular privileges ; fran- chise ; immunity. 3. Power of enjoying franchises. 4 Exemption from fate, necessity, or any constraint in con sequence of predetermination or otherwise. 5. Any ex- emption from constraint or control. 6. Ease or facility of doing any thing. 7. Frankness ; boldness. 8. License; improper familiarity ; violation of the rules of decorum; with a plural. FREE-FISH'ER-Y, 7?. A royal franchise or exclusive privi- lege of fishing in a public river. t FREE'FQOT-ED, a. Not restrained in marching. FREE-HEART'ED, a. [See Heart.] 1. Open; frank; un- reserved. 2. Liberal; charitable; eenerous. FREE-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Frankness; opeiiness of heart ; Hberality. Burnet. FREE'HoLD, n. That land or tenement whicl) is held in fee-simple, fee-tail, or for term of life. — In the United States, a freehold is an estate which a man holds in his own riglit, subject to no superior nor to conditions. FREE'HbLD-ER, n. One who owns an estate in fee-simple, fee-tail or for life ; the possessor of a freehold. FREE'ING, ppr. Delivering from restraint ; releasing froni confinement; removing incumbrances or hinderances from any thing ; clearing. FRF^FJhY, adv. 1. At liberty; without vassalage, slavery or dependence. 2. Without restraint, constraint or com- pulsion ; voluntarily. 3. Plentifully ; in abundance. 4. Without scruple or reserve. 5. Without impediment or hinderance. 6. Without necessity, or compulsion from divme predetermination. 7. Without obstruction ; large- ly ; copiously. 8. Spontaneously ; without constraint or persuasion. ' 9. Liberally ; generously. 10. Gratuitously ; of free will or grace, without purchase or consideration. FREE'MAN, n. 1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not subject to the will of another ; one not a slave or vassal. 2. One who enjoys or is entitled to a franchise or peculiar privilege. FREE'MA-SON, n. One of the fi-aternity of masons. FREE'MlND-ED, a. Not perplexed ; free from care. FREE'NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being free, un- constrained, unconfined, unincumbered or unobstructed. 2. Openness ; unreservedness ; frankness ; ingeimous- ness ; candor. 3. Liberality ; generosity. 4. Gratuitous- ness. FRe'ER, 7!. One who gives freedom. FREE'SCHOOL, n. 1. A school supported by funds, &c., in which pupils are tauglit witliout paying for tuition. 2. A school open to admit pupils without restriction. FREE'SPO-KEN, a. Accustomed to speak without reserve. FREE'STONE, 71. Any species of stone composed of sand or grit, so called because it is easily cut or wrought. FREE'THINK-ER, n. A softer name for a deist; an unbe- liever ; one who discards revelation. FREE'THINK-ING, n. Unbelief. Berkeley. FREE'ToNGUED, a. Speaking without reserve FREE-WAR'REN, n. A royal franchise or exclusive right of killing beasts and fowls of warren within certain lim- its. FREE-WILL', 71. 1. The power of directing our own ac- tions without restraint by necessity or fate. 2. Volunta- riness ; spontaneousn.8ss. FREE'WOM-AN, 71. A woman not a slave. freeze', v.i. ; pref./?-oze ,• pTp. frozen, or froze. [Sax.fry- san.] 1. To be congealed by cold ; to be changed from a liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat ; to be hardened into ice or a like solid body. 2. To be of that degree of cold at which water congeals. 3. To chill; to stagnate, or to retire from the extreme vessels. 4. To be chilled ; to shiver with cold. 5. To die by means of cold. FREEZE, V. t. 1. To congeal ; to harden into ice ; to change from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction of heat. 2. To kill by cold- 3. To chill ; to give the sen- sation of cold and shivering. FREEZE, in architecture. See Frieze. FREIGHT, (frate) n. [D. vragt ; G. fracht.] 1. The car- go, or any part of the cargo of a ship ; lading ; that which is carried by water. 2. Transjwrtation of goods. 3. The hire of a ship, or money charged or paid for the transpor- tation of goods. FREIGHT, V. t. 1. To load with goods, as a ship or vessel of any kind, for transporting them from one place to an- other. 2. To load, as the burden. FREIGHT'ED, pp. Loaded, as a ship or vessel FREIGHT'ER, n. One who loads a ship, or one who char- ters and loads a ship. * See Synop.^. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Olsolcte FRE 360 FRl FREIGUT'ING, ppr. Loading, as a ship or vessel. FRElS'LE-BEN, n. A mineral of a bluish color. FREMMED, a. [Sax. frem'd.] Strange j not related ; for- eign ; uncommon. Orose. t FKEN, 11. A stranger. Speiiser. FRENCH, a. Pertaining to France, or its inhabitants. FRENCH, 7(. The language spoken by the people of France. FRENCH-GRASS, n. Saint-foin. FRENCH-HORN, n. A wind instrument of music, made of metal. FRENCH'I-F\', V. t. To make French ; to infect with the manner of the French. Camden. FRENCfl'LiKE, a. Resembling the French. Bp. Hall. FRE-NET'ie. See Frantic and Phrenetic. FREN'ZIED, part. a. Affected with madness. FREN'ZY, 71. [Fr. frenesie ; L. phrenitis.] Madness ; dis- traction ; rage ; or any violent agitation of the mind, ap- proaching to distraction. FRE'aUENCE, n. [Fr.; 'L.frequentia.] A crowd ; a throng ; a concourse ; an assembly. [Little used.] Milton. FRE'aUEN-CY, 7t. 1. A return or occurrence of a thing often repeated at short intervals. 2. A crowd ; a throng ; [obs.] FRE'aUENT, a. [Fr. ; L. frequens.] 1. Often seen or done ; often happening at short intervals ; often repeated or occurring. 2. Used often to practice any thing. 3. Full : crowded ; thronged ; [obs.] * FRe'QUENT, or FRE-aUENT', TJ.i. [l..frequento.] To visit often ; to resort to often or habitually. t FRE-aUENT'A-BLE, a. Accessible. Sidney. FRE-aUEN-TA'TION, n. 1. The act of frequenting. 2. The habit of visiting often. FRE-QUENT'A-TIVE, a. [It.frequentativo.] Ingrammar, signifying the frequent repetition of an action. * FRE'aUENT-ED, pp. Often visited. * FRe'Q.UENT-ER, 71. One who often visits or resorts to customarily. FRE'aUENT-LY, adv. Often ; many times ; at short in- tervals ; commonly. FRE'aUENT-NESS, n. The quality of being frequent or often repeated. FRES'CO, n. [It. fresco.] 1. Coolness; shade; a cool, re- freshing state of the air ; duskiness. 2. A picture not drawn in glaring light, but in dusk. 3. A method of paint- ing in relief on walls, performed with water-colors on fresh plaster, or on a wall laid with mortar not yet dry. 4. A cool, refreshing liquor. FRESH, a. [Sax./eT-^c] 1. Moving with celerity ; brisk; strong ; somewhat vehement. 2. Having the color and appearance of young, thrifty plants ; lively ; not impaired or faded. 3. Having the appearance of a healthy youth ; florid ; ruddy. 4. New ; recently grown. 5. New ; re- cently made or obtained. 6. Not impaired by time ; not forgotten or obliterated. 7. Not salt. 8. Recently from the well or spring; pure and cool; not warm or vapid. 9. In a state like that of recent growth or recentness. 10. Repaired from loss or diminution ; having new vigor. 11. New; that has lately come or arrived. 12. Sweet; in a good state ; not stale. 13. Unpracticed ; unused ; not be- fore employed. 14. Moderately rapid. FRESH, 71. A freshet. Beverly, Hist. Virginia. FRE3H'-BLo\VN, a. Newly blown. FRESH'EN, (fresh'n) v. t. 1. To make fresh ; to dulcify ; to separate, as water from saline particles ; to take saltness from any thing. 2. To refresh ; to revive ; [not used.] 3. In seamen's language, to apply new service to a cable. FRESH'EN, V. i. 1. To grow fresh ; to lose salt or saltness. 2. To grow brisk or strong. FRESH'ENED, pp. Deprived of saltness ; sweetened. FRESH'ES, 71. 1. The mingling of fresh water with salt water in rivers or bays. Beverly. 2. A flood; an over- flowing ; an inundation ; a freshet. FRESH'ET, 7!. 1. A flood or overflowing of a river, by means of heavy rains or melted snow ; an inundation. JSTeiD England. 2. A stream of fresh water. Browne. FRESH-FoRCE', n. In Zaw,aforce done within forty days. FRESH'LY, adv. 1. Newly ; in the former state renewed ; in a new or fresh state. 2. With a healthy look ; ruddily. 3. Brislcly ; strongly. 4. Coolly. FRESHMAN, n. 1. A novice ; one in the rudiments of knowledge. — 2. In colleges, one of the youngest class of students. FRESH'MAN-SHIP, n. The state of a freshman. t FRESH'MENT, n. Refreshment. Cartwright. FRESH'NESS, 7(. 1. Newness ; vigor; spirit; the contrary to vapidness. 2. Vigor; liveliness; the contrary to a faded state. 3. Newness of strength ; renewed vigor; op- posed to weariness or fatigue. 4. Coolness; invigorating 'luality or state. 5. Color of youth and health ; ruddiness. •j. Freedom from saltness. 7. A new or recent state or quality ; rawness. 8. Briskness, as of wind. f FRESH'NEW, a. Unpracticed. Shak. FRESH'WA-TER, a. 1. Accustomed to sail on fresh water only, or in the coasting trade. 2. Raw ; unskilled. FRESH'WA-TERED, a. Newly watered ; supplied with fresh water. FRET, V. t. [Sw./raia.] 1. To rub ; to wear away a sub- stance by friction. 2. To corrode ; to gnaw ; to eat away 3. To impair; to wear away. 4. To form into raised work. 5. To variegate ; to diversify. 6. To agitate vio- lently. 7. To agitate ; to disturb ; to make rough ; to cause to ripple. 8. To tease ; to irritate ; to vex ; to make angry. 9. To wear away ; to chafe ; to gall. FRET, v.i. 1. To be worn away ; to be corroded. 2. To eat or wear in ; to make way by attrition or corrosion 3. To be agitated ; to be in violent commotion. 4. To be vexed ; to be chafed or irritated ; to be angry ; to utter peevish expressions. FRET, n. 1. The agit.-^tion of the surface of a fluid ; a rip- pling on the surface of water ; small undulations continu- ally repeated. 2. Work raised in protuberances ; or a kind of knot consisting of two lists or small fillets inter- - laced, used as an ornament in architecture. 3. Agitation of-mind-. commotion of temper ; irritation. 4. A short piece of wire fixed on the finger-board of a guitar, &c., which, being pressed against the strings, varies the tone. Busby. — 5. In heraldry, a bCEiring composed of bars cross- ed and interlaced. FRET, V. t. To furnish with frets. .Qs. Res. FRET, 71. [Ij.fretum.] A frith, which see. fFRET, a. Eaten away. Lev.xiii. FRET'FTJL, a. Disposed to fret; ill-humored; peevish; angry ; in a state of vexation. FRET'FUL-LY, adv. Peevishly ; angrily. FRET'FtJL-NESS, 71. Peevishness; ill-humor; disposition to fret and complain. FRETT, n. With miners, the worn side of the bank of a river. Encyc. FRET'TED, pp. Eaten ; corroded ; rubbed or worn away ; agitated ; vexed ; made rough on the surface ; variegated ; ornamented with fretwork ; furnished with frets. FRET'TEN, a. Rubbed; marked; as, 2>ocA:-/re«e77, marked with the small-pox. FRET'TER, 71. That which frets. FRET'TING, p;7r. Corroding; wearing away; agitating; vexing ; making rough on the surface ; variegating. FRET'TING, 71. Agitation ; commotion. FRET'TY, a. Adorned with fretwork. FRe'TUM, 71. [L.] _An arm of the sea. Ray. FRET'WoRK, 71. Raised work ; work adorned with frets. FRI-A-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The quality of being easily broken, FRi'A-BLE-NESS, \ crumbled and reduced to powder. FRI'A-BLE, a. [¥r. friable ; L. friabilis.] Easily crumbled or pulverized ; easily reduced to powder. FRi'AR, 7i. [Fr.frere.] 1. An appellation common to the monks of all orders. Friars are generally distinguished into four principal branches, viz. : 1. Minors, Gray Friars or Franciscans ; 2. Augustines ; 3. Dominicans or Black Friars ; 4. White Friars or Carmelites. — 2. In a restricted sense, a monk who is not a priest. FRi'AR-LiKE, a. Like a friar ; monastic ; unskilled in the world. Knolles. FRi'AR-LY, a. Like a friar ; untaught in the affairs of life. FRl'AR'S-€OWL, 7!. A plant, a species of arum, with a flower resembling a cowl. FRi'AR'S-LAN'TERN, n. The ignusfatuus. Milton. FRl'AR-Y, 71. A monastery; a convent of friars. FRi'AR-Y, a. Like a friar ; pertaining to friars. FRIB'BLE, a. [L. frivolus ; Fr. frivole.] Frivolous ; tri- fling ; silly. Brit. Crit. FRIB'BLE, n. A frivolous, contemptible fellow. FRIB'BLE, v.i. To trifle; also, to totter. Tatler. FRIB BLER, n. A trifler. Spectator. FRI'BORG, ) 71. [free and burg.] The same as frank- FRID'BURGH, \ pledge. Cowel. t FRIC'ACE, 71. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce ; also, an unguent prepared by frying things together. FRIG-AS-SEE', 71. [Fr.] A dish of food made by cutting chickens, rabbits, or other small animals into pieces, and dressing them in a frying pan, or a like utensil. FRie-AS-SEE', V. t. To dress in fricassee. FRI-Ca'TION, n. [L.fricatio.] The act of rubbing; fric- tion. [Little used.] Bacon. FRICTION, 71. [h.frictio; Fr. frictioji.] 1. The act of rub- bing the surface of one body against that of another ; attri tion. — 2. In mechanics, the effect of rubbing, or the resist- ance which a moving body meets v/ith from the surface on which it moves. — 3. In medicine, the rubbing of the body vvith the hand, or with a brush, flannel, &c. FRl'DAY, 7;. [Aax. friS'dceg ; G.freitag; from Frigga,the Venus of the north.] "The sixth day of the week, formerly consecrated to Frisga. tFRID6E, v.t. [Sax. frician.] To move hastily. FRID-STOLE. See Fred. FRIEND, (frend) n. [Sax. freond.] 1. One who is attach- ed to another by affection ; opposed to foe or enemy. 2. One not hostile. Shak. 3. One reconciled after enmity. 4. An attendant; a companion. 5. A favorer; one who * See Synopsia- A, E, I, 6, tj, Y, long. -FAR, FALL, WH/^T ;— PREY 3— HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete FRI 361 ^RO Is propitious. 6. A favorite 7. A term of salutation ; a familiar compellation. 8. Formerly, a paramour. — 9. .4 friend at court, oue who has sufficient interest to serve an- other. FRIEND, (fiend) v. t. To favor ; to countenance ; to be- friend ; to support or aid. [We now use befriend.] FRIEND'ED, (frend'ed) pp. 1. Favored ; befriended. 2. a. Inclined to love ; well disposed. Shak, FillEND'LESS, (frend'les) a. Destitute of friends ; want- ing countenance or support ; forlorn. Pope. FRIEND'LIKE, (frendlike) a. Having the dispositions of a friend. FRIEND'LI-NESS, (frend'le-nes) n. 1. A disposition to ft'endship; friendly disposition. 2. Exertion of benevo- lence or kindness. FRIEND'LY, (frend'ly) a. 1. Having the temper and dis- position of a friend ; kind : favorable ; disposed to pro- mote the good of another. 2. Disposed to peace. 3. Am- icable. 4. Not hostile. 5. Favorable ; propitious ; salu- tary ; promoting the good of. FRIENDLY, (frend'ly) adv. In the manner of friends ; am- icably. [J\rot much used.l Skak. FRIEND'SHIP, (frend'ship) n. 1. An attachment to a per- son, proceeding from intimate acquaintance, and a recip- rocation of kind offices, or from a favorable opinion of the amiable and respectable qualities of liis mind. Friendship differs from benevolence, which is good will to mankind in general, and from that love which springs from animal ap- petite. 2. Mutual attachment ; intimacy. 3. Favor ; personal kindness. 4. Friendly aid ; help ; assistance. 5. Conformity ; affinity ; correspondence ; aptness to unite. FRIiSZE, or FRIZE, (freez) n. [Sp, frisa.] 1. Properly, the nap on woolen cloth ; hence, a kind of coarse woolen cloth or stuff, witJi a nap on one side. — 9. In architecture, that part of the entablature of a column which is between the architrave and cornice. FRIeZED, a. Napped ; shaggy with nap or frieze. FRIeZE'LiKE, a. Resembling frieze. Addison. FRIG'ATE, 11. [Fr. fregate.'] 1. A ship of war, of a size larger than a sloop or brig, and less than a ship of the line ; usually having two decks. 2. Any small vessel on the water ; [oJs.] FRIG'ATE-BUiLT, a. Having a quarter deck and forecas- tle raised above the main deck. ^ FRIG-A-TOON', n. A Venetian vessel, FRIG-E-FA€'TION, n. [L. frigns and facio.} The act of making cold. {Little vjied.'] Diet. FRIGHT, (frite) ?i. [Ti?LQ. frygt; Sax.fyrhto.] Sudden and violent fear , terror ; a passion excited by the sudden ap- pearance of danger. FRIGHT, or FRIGHT'EN, v. t. To terrify ; to scare ; to alarm suddenly with danger ; to shock suddenly with the approach of evil ; to daunt ; to dismay. FRiGHT'ED, )pp. Terrified 5 suddenly alarmed with FRiGHT'ENED, \ danger. FRlGHT'FUL, a. Terrible ; dreadful 5 exciting alarm ; hn- pressing terror. FRiGHT'FUIr-LY, adv. 1. Terribly ; dreadfully ; in a man- ner to impress terror and alarm ; horribly. 2. Very disa- greeably ; shockingly. FRlGHT'FUL-NESS, n. The quality of impressing terror. FRIG'ID, a. [L. frigidus.] 1. Cold; wanting heat or warmth. 2. Wanting warmth of affection ; unfeeling. 3. Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the generative power; impotent. 4. Dull; jejune; unani- mated ; wanting the fire of genius or fancy. 5. Stiff; for- mal ; forbidding. 6. Wanting zeal ; dull ; formal ; lifeless. FRI-GID'I-TY, n. 1. Coldness; want of v/armth. 2. Want of natural heat, life and vigor of body ; impoten- cy ; imbecility. 3. Coldness of affection. 4. Dullness; want of animation or intellectual fire. FRIG'ID-LY, flrfu. Coldlv; dully; without affection. FRIGID-NESS, n. Coldness ; dullness ; want of heat or vigor ; want of affection. See Frigidity. FRlG-O-RIFie, a. [¥r. frigorifique.] Causing cold ; pro- ducing or generating cold. Quincy. FRILL, 71. An edging of fine linen, on the bosom of a shirt or other similar thing ; a ruffle. FRILL, V. i. [Fr. frileux.] To shake ; to quake ; to shiver as with cold. IFRIM, a. [Sax./rco???.] Flourishing. Drayton. FRINGE, (frinj) n. [Fr. frange.] 1. An ornamental ap- pendage to the borders of garments or furniture, consist- ing of loose threads. 2. Something resemblmg fringe ; an open, broken border. FRINGE, V. t. To adorn or border with fringe oralooseedg- inn. FRINGED, pp. Bordered with fringe. FRINGE' Ma-K^R, n. One who makes fringe. FRING'ING, ppr. Bordering with fringe. FRING'Y, a. Adorned with fringes. Shak. FRIP'PER, n. [Fr frippier.\ A dealer in old things ; a bro- ker. James. FRIP'PER-ER, 71. One who deal? in old clothes. FRIFPER-Y, n. [Fr. friperie.] 1. Old clothes: cast dresses; clothes thrown aside, after wearing. Hence waste matter ; useless things ; trifles. 2. The place where old clothes are sold. 3. The trade or traffick in old clothes. FRIP'PER-Y, a. Trifling ; contemptible Gray. FRI-SEuR', (fre-zure') /(. [Fr.] A hair-dresser. Warton. FRISK, V. i. [Dan. frisk.] 1. To leap ; to skip ; to spring suddenly one way and the other. 2. To dance, skip and gambol in frolick and gayety. FRISK, a. Lively ; brisk ; blithe. Hall. FRISK, n. A frolick ; a fit of wanton gayety. t FRISK'AL, 7i. A leap or caper. B. Jonson. FRISK ER, n. One who leaps or dances in gayety ; a wan- ton ; an inconstant or unsettled person. FRISK'ET, n. [Fr. frisquette.] In printing, the light frame by which a sheet of paper is confined to the tympan to be laid on the form for impression. FRISK'FUL, a. Brisk ; lively. Thomson. FRISK'I-NESS, 71. Briskness and frequency of motion , gayety ; liveliness ; a dancing or leaping in frolick. FRISK'ING, ppr. Leaping ; skipping ; dancing about j moving with life and gayety. FRISK'Y, a. Gay ; lively. FRIT, n. [Fr.fritte.] In the manufacture of glass, the mat- ter of which glass is made after it has been calcined or baked in a furnace. FRITH, 11. [h.fretmn,] 1. A narrow passage of the sea ; a strait. It is used for the opening of a river into the sea. 2. A kind of wear for catching fish. FRITH, n. [W. frith, 01 friz.] 1. A forest ; a woody place. 2. A small field taken out of a common. fFRITH'Y, a. Woody. Skelton. FRIT'IL-LA-RY, 71. lL,.fritillus.] The crown imperial, a genus of plants. t FRIT'I-N AN-CY, n. [L. fritinnic] The scream of an in- sect, as the cricket or cipada. Brown. FRIT'TER, 71. [It. frittella.] 1. A small pancake ; also, a small piece of meat fried. 2. A fragment ; a shred ; a small piece. FRIT'TER, V. t. 1. To cut meat into small pieces to be fried. 2. To break into small pieces or fragments. — To fritter away, is to diminish ; to pare off. FRI-VOL'I-TY. See Feivolousness. FRIV'0-LOyS, a. [L. frivolus.] Slight ; trifling ; triviaf: of little weight, worth or importance ; not worth notice. FRIV'O-LOUS-NESS, 7i. The quality of being trifling, or of very little worth or importance; want of consequence. FRIV'O-LOUS-LY, adv. In a trifling manner. FRIZ, v.t. [Sp. frisar.] 1. To curl; to crisp; to form into small curls with a crisping-pin. 2. To form the nap of clotli into little hard burs, prominences or knobs. FRIZED, pp. Curled ; formed into little burs on cloth. FRIZ'ING, ppi-. Curling ; forming little hard burs on cloth FRIZ'ZLE, V. t. To curl ; to crisp; as hak. Oay. FRIZ'ZLED, pp. Curled ; crisped. FRIZ'ZLER, 71. One who makes short curls. FRIZ'ZLING, ppr. Curling ; crisping. FRO, adv. [Sax. fra.] From ; away ; back or backward ; as in the phrase, to and fro. FROCK, n. [Fr. froc] An upper coat, or an outer gar- ment. The word is now used for a loose garment or sJiirt, worn by men over their other clotlies, and for a kind of gown open behind, worn by females. FROG, 71. [Hax. froga.] 1. An amphibious animal of the genus ra?ia. — 2. In farriery. See Frush. FROG'BIT, 71. A plant, the hydrocharis. FROG'FISH, 71. 1. An animal of Surinam. 2. The lophius, or fishing-frog. FROG'LET-TUCE, n A plant. FROG'GRASS, n. A plant. FROG'GY, a. Having frogs. Sherwood. FROISE, n. [Fr. froisser.] A kind of food made by frying bacon inclosed in a pancake. Todd. FROL'ICK, a. [G. frohlich.] Gay ; merry ; full of levity , dancing, playing or frisking about ; full of pranks. FROL'ICK, 71. 1. A wild prank ; a flight of levity, or gay- ety and mirth. 2. A scene of gayety and mirth, as in dancing or play. FROL'ICK, V. i. To play wild pranks ; to play tricks of lev ity, mirth and gayety. tFliOL'ICK-LY, arfu. With mirth and gayety. Beaumont t FROL'ieK-NESS, n. Pranks 3 wildness of gayety ; frolick someness. FROL-ICK'SoME, a. Full of gayety and mirth; given to pranks. FROL'ICK-SoME-LY, adv. With wild gayety. FROL'ICK-SoME-NESS, 7?. Gayety ; wild pranks. FROM, p7-ep. [Sax.fram ; Goth, fram.] The sense of from may be expressed by the noun distance, or by the adjec- tive distant, or by the participles, departing, removing to a distance. — The sense of from is literal or figurative, bat it is uniformly the same. — In certain phrases, generally 01 always elliptical, from is followed by certain adverbs, See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j— BULL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete FRO 362 FRU denoting place, region or position, indefinitely, no precise point being expressed ; as, From above, from the upper regions ; From afar, from a distance ; Frovi beneath, from a place or region below ; From below, from a lower place ; From behind, from a place or position in the rear ; From far, from a distant place ; From high, from on high, from a high place, from an upper region, or from heaven j From hence, from this place — but from is superfluous before hence ; ^From thence, from that place, from being superfluous ; From whence, from which place, from be- ing superfluous ; From where, from which place ; From within, from the interior or inside ; From without, from the outside, from abroad. — From precedes another prepo- sition, followed by its proper object or case ; as. From amidst. From among. From beneath, From beyoiid. FROM'WARD, adv. [Sax.framaxiiweard.] Away from; the contrary of toward. FROND, n. [L. frons.] In botany, a term which Linne ap- plies to the peculiar leafing of palms and ferns. FRON-Da'TION, n. A lopping of trees. Evelyn. FRON-DES'CENCE, n. [L. froiidesco.] In botany, the precise time of the year and month in which each species of plants unfolds its leaves. FRON-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. frons and fero.] Producing fronds, FROND'OUS, a. Afrondous flower is one which is leafy. * FRONT, n. [L. frons, frontis ; Fr. front.} 1. Properly, the forehead, or part of the face above the eyes ; hence, the whole face. 2. The forehead or face, as expressive of the temper or disposition. 3. The forepart of any thing. 4. The forepart or van of an army or a body of troops. 5. The part or place before the face, or opposed to it, or to the forepart of a thing. 6. The most con- spicuous part or particular. 7. Impudence ; as, men of front. FRONT, V. t. 1. To oppose face to face ; to oppose directly. 2. To stand opposed or opposite, or over against any thing. FRONT, V. i. 1. To stand foremost. Shak. 2. To have the face or front towards any point of compass. FRONT'AL, n. ['L.frontale ;' Fr.fr 07ital.] 1. In medicine, a medicament or preparation to be applied to the foreliead. — ^2. In architecture, a little pediment or frontpiece, over a small door or window. — 3. In Jewish ceremonies, a front- al or browband, consisting of four pieces of vellum, laid on leather, and tied round the forehead in the syna- gogue ; each piece containing some text of Scripture. FRON'TA-TED, a. [L. frons.] The frontated leaf of a flower grows broader and broader, and at last, perhaps, ter- minates in a right line ; in opposition to cuspated, which is, wnen the leaves end in a point. Quincy. FRoNT'BOX, n. The box in a playhouse before the rest. FRONT'ED^a. Formed with a front. Milton. * FRONT-IeK , n. [Fr. frontiere.] The marches ; the bor- der, confine or extreme part of a country, bordering on another country. *FRONT-IeR', a. Lying on the exterior part ; bordering; contermijious. FRONT-IeR'ED, (front-erd') a. Guarded on the frontiers. FR0N-TI-NA€', \ (fron-tin-yakO n. A species of French FRON-TIN-IAC , ) wine, named from the place in Lan- guedoc where it is produced. FRONT'IS-PIeCE, 7?,. [L. frontispkium.] 1. In architect- ure, the principal face of a building ; the face that direct- ly presents itself to the eye. 2. An ornamental figure or engraving fronting the first page of a book, or at the be- ginning. FRONT'LESS, a. Wanting shame or modesty ; not difli- dent. Dryden. FRONT'LET, n. A frontal or browband ; a fillet or band worn on the forehead. See Frontal. FRONT'ROOM, n. A room or apartment in the forepart of a house. t FROP'PISH, a. Peevish ; froward. Clarendon. t FRORE, a. [G. fror, gefroren.] Frozen. Milton. FRORNE, a. Frozen. fFRo'RY, a. 1. Frozen. Spenser. 2. Covered with a froth resembling hoar-frost. Fairfax. FROST, n. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan. frost.] i. A fluid con- gealea by cold into ice or crystals. 2. The act of freez- ing ; congelation of fluids. — 3. In physiology, that state or temperature of the air which occasions freezing or the congelation of water. 4. The appearance of plants spark- ling with icy crystals. FROST, V. t. 1. In cookery, to cover or sprinkle with a composition of sugar, resembling hoar-frost. 2. To cover with anv thing resembling hoar-frost. FROST'BIT-TEN, (frost'bit-tn) a. Nipped, withered or af- fected by frost. FROST'ED,pp. 1. Covered with a composition like white frost. 2. a. Having hair changed to a gray or white col- or, as if covered vt^ith hoar-frost. FROST'I-LY, adv. 1. With frost or excessive cold. 2. Witliout warmth of affection; cold.y. FROST'I-NESS, n. The state or quality of being frosty freezing cold. FROST'ING, ppr. Covering with something resembling hoar-frost. FROST'ING, n. The composition resemblmg hoar-frost, used to cover cake, &c. FROST'LESS, a. Free from frost. Swift. FROST'NaIL, n. A nail driven into a horse-shoe, to pre- vent the horse from slipping on ice. FROST' WORK, n. Work resembling hoar-frost on shrubs FROST'Y, a. 1. Producing frost ; having power to congeal water. 2. Containing frost. 3. Chill in affection ; without warmth of affection or courage. 4. Resembling hoar- frost; white; gray-haired. FROTH, n. [Gr. acppos ; Sw. fradga.] 1. Spume ; foam ; the bubbles caused in liquors by fermentation or agitation. 2. Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence. 3, Light, unsubstantial matter. FROTH, V. t. To cause to foam. Beaumont. FROTH, V. i. To foam ; to throw up spume ; to throw out foam or bubbles, FROTH'I-LY, adv. 1. With foam or spume. 2. In an empty, trifling manner. FROTH'I-NESS, n. The state of being frothy ; emptiness ; senseless matter. FROTH'Y, a. 1. Full of foam or froth, or consisting of froth or light bubbles. 2. Sofl;; not firm or solid. 3. Vain ; light ; empty ; unsubstantial. FROUNCE, n. A distemper of hawks, in which white spit- • tie gathers about the bill. Skinner. FROUNCE, v.t. [Sp. fruncir.] To curl or frizzle the hair about the face. FROUNCE, n. A wrinkle, plait or curl ; an ornament of dress. Beaumont. FROUNCED, pp. Curled ; frizzled. FROUNCE'LESS, a. Having no plait or wrinkle. FROUN'CING, ppr. Curling; crisping. FROU'ZY, a. Fetid ; musty ; rank ; dim ; cloudy. tFROW, w. [G.frau; B. vrouw.] A woman. FRo'WARD, a. [Sax. framweard.] Perverse, that is, turn- ing from, with aversion or reluctance; not willing to yield or comply with what is required ; unyielding ; un- governable ; refractory ; disobedient ; peevish. FRo'WARD-LY, advik Perversely ; in a peevish manner. FRo'WARD-NESS, n. Perverseness ; reluctance to yield or comply ; disobedience ; peevishness. FROW'ER, n. A sharp edged tool to cleave laths. FROWN, w. i. [Fr. refrogner.] 1. To express displeasure by contracting the brow, and looking grim or surly ; to look stern. 2. To manifest displeasure in any manner. 3. To lower ; to look threatening. FROWN, V. t. To repel by expressing displeasure ; to re buke. FROWN, n. 1. A wrinkled look, particularly expressing dislike ; a sour, severe or stern look, expressive of dis- pleasure. 2. Any expression of displeasure. FROWN'ING, ppr. Knitting the brow in anger or displeas- ure ; expressing displeasure by a surly, stern or angry look ; lowering ; threatening. FROWN'ING-LY, adv. Sternly ; with a look of displeas- ure. FROW'Y, a. [The same asfrouiy.] Musty ; rancid ; rank. FRo'ZEN, (fro'zn) pp. o? freeze. 1. Congealed by cold. 2. Cold ; frosty ; chill. 3. Chill or cold in affection. 4. Void of natural heat or vigor. t FRo'ZEN-NESS, n. State of being frozen, Bp. Oauden. F. R. S. Fellow of the Royal Society. t FRUB'ISH, for furbish. FRUCT'ED, a. [1.. fructus.] In heraldry, hearing frnit. FRUC-TES'CENCE, n. [L. fructus.] In botany, the pre- cise time when the fruit of a plant arrives at maturity, and its seeds are dispersed ; the fruiting season. FRUC-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. fructus and fero.] Bearing or producing fruit. FRU€-TI-FI-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act of fructifying, or rendering productive of fruit ; fecundation. — 2. In bota- ny, the temporary part of a plant appropriated to genera- tion. FRUC'TI-F-?, i\ t. [Low L. fructifico ; Fr.fructijier.] To make fruitful ; to render productive ; to fertilize. FRUC'TI-Fy, v. i. To bear fruit. Hooker. t FRUC-TU-a'TION, n. Produce ; fruit. Pownall. FRU€'TU-OUS, a. [Fr. fructueux.] Fruitful; fertile ; also , impregnating with fertility. Philips. t FRUC'TURE, n. Use ; fruition ; enjoyment. FRtr'GAL, a. [L. fmgalis ; Fr., Sp. frugal.] Economical in the use or appropriation of money, goods or provisions of any kind ; saving unnecessary expense ; sparing ; not profuse, prodigal or lavish.' FRUGAL'I-TY, n. 1. Prudent economy ; good husbandry or housewifery ; a sparing use or appropriation of money or commodities ; a judicious use of any thing to be ex- pended . 2. A prudent and sparing use or appropriation of any thing. •ee Synopsis, a, E, T, 0, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. FRU 363 tUL t'RCGAL-LY, adv. With economy ; with good manage- ment ; in a saving manner. FRUG'GIN, 71. [Fr. fourgon.] An oven fork ; the pole with which the ashes in the oven are stirred. FRU-GIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. frugifer.] Producing fruit or corn. FRU-GIV'0-ROUS, a. [L. fruges ^rvA. vara.'] Feeding on fruits seeds or corn, as birds. FRUIT, n. [Fr. fruit; It. frutto.] 1. In a general sense, whatever the earth produces for the nourishment of ani- mals, or for clothing or profit. 2. The produce of a. tree or other plant ; the last production for the propagation or multiplication of its kind ; the seed of plants, or the part that contains the seeds. — 3. Inbotany, the seed of aplant, or the seed with the pericarp. 4. Production ; that which is produced. 5. The produce of animals ; offspring ; young. 6. Effect or consequence. 7. Advantage ; profit ; good derived. 8. Production, etfect or consequence. FRUIT, V. i. To produce fruit. Chesterfield. FRuIT'AGE, n. [Fr.] Fruit collectively ; various fruits. Mjlton. FRuIT'BEaR-ER, n. That which produces fmit. FRuIT'BEaR-ING, a. Producing fruit ; having the quality of hearing finit. Mortimer. FRuIT'ER-ER. n. One who deals in fruit. FRuIT'ER-Y, 'n. [Fr. fruiterie.] 1. Fruit collectively taken. 2. A fruitloft ; a repository for fmit. FRuIT'FIJL, a. 1. Very productive ; producing fniit in abundance. 2. Prolific ; hearing children ; not barren. 3. Plenteous ; abounding in any thmg. 4. Productive of any thing; fertile. 5. Producing in abundance; gene- rating. FB UIT'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In suchamanner as to be prolific. 2. Plenteously; abundantly. Shak. FRuIT'FJJL-NESS, ?!. 1. The quality of producing fruit in abundance ; productiveness ; fertility. 2. Fecundity ; the quality of being prolific, or producing many 5'oung. 3. Productiveness of the intellect, 4. Exuberant abun- dance. FRuIT'-GROVE, n. A grove or close plantation of fruit- trees. FRU-l''TION, 71. [L. /ntor.] Use, accompanied with pleas- ure, corporeal or intellectual , enjoyment ; the pleasure derived from use or possession. FRu'I-TlVE, a. Enjoying. Boyle. F.fluIT'LESS, a. 1. Not bearing fruit; barren; destitute of fruit. 2. Productive of no advantage or good effect ; vain ; idle ; useless ; unprofitable. 3. Having no off"- spring. FRUIT'LESS-LY, o.dv. Without any valuable effect ; idly ; vainly ; unprofilably. FRuIT'LESS-NESS, 7^. The quality of being vain or un- profitable. FRtJIT'-LOFT, 7?. A place for the preservation of fruit. FRuIT'-TIME, n. The time for gathering fruit. FRuIT'-TREE, n. A tree cultivated for its fruit. FRU-MEN-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L.. frumentaceus.] 1. Made of wheat or like grain. 2. Resembling wheat. FRU-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. [h. frumentarius.] Pertaining to wheat or grain. FRU-MEN-TI'TION, n. [L. fnimentatio.] Among the Romans, a largess of grain bestowed on the people. FRu'MEN-TY, n. [L. frumentum.^ Food made of wheat boiled in milk. t FRUMP, n. A joke, jeer or flout. Bp. Hall. tFRUMP,_r. t. To insult. Beaumont. \ FRUMP'iiJtt, 7/. A mocker ; a scoffer. Cotgrave. t FRUSH, V. t. \_Fx.froisser.'\ To bruise ; to crush. FRUSH, n. [G. frosch.'] In farriery, a sort of tender horn that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse. FRUS'TRA-BLE, a That mav be frustrated. FRUS-TRa'NE-OUS. a. Vain ; useless ; unprofitable. [Lit- tle iised.'\ South. FRUS'TRATE, v. t. I'L.frustro.] 1. To defeat ; to disap- point ; to balk ; to bring to nothing. 2. To disappoint. 3. To make null ; to nullify ; to render of no effect. FRUS'TRATE, part. a. Vain ; ineffectual ; useless ; un- profitable ; null; void; of no effect. Driidcn. FRUS'TRA-TED, pp. Defeated ; disappointed ; rendered vain or null. FRUS'TRA-TING, ;7?r. Defeating : disappointing ; mak- ing vain or of no effect. FRUS-TRa'TION, n. The act of frustrating ; disappoint- ment : defeat. South. FRUS'TRA-TiVE, a. Tending to defeat ; fallacious. FRUS'TRA-TO-RY, a. That makes void ; that vacates or renders null. Ayliffe. FRUS'TUM, 71. [L..] A piece or part of a solid body sepa- rated from the rest. The frustum of a cone is the part that remains after the top is cut off by a plane parallel to the base. FRU-TES'CENT, a. [L. frutex.] In botany, from herba- ceous becoming shnibby. Martyn. FRtJ'TEX, 71. [L.] In liotany, a shrub. FRig'TI-€ANT, a. Full of shoots. Evelyn. FRu'TI-€OUS, a. [L. fruticosus.] Shrubby. FRY, V. t. [L. frigo.] To dress with fat by heating oi roasting in a pan over a fire ; to cook in a fryingpan. FRY, V. i. 1. To be heated and agitated ; to suffer the ac- tion of fire or extreme heat. 2. To ferment, as in tJie stomach. 3. To be agitated ; to boil. FRY. 7!.. [Fr./rai.] 1. A swarm or crowd of little fish. 2. Adish of any thing fried. 3. A kind of sieve. FRY'IISG, ppr. Dressing in a fryingpan ; heating; agitat- ing. FRy'IXG-PAN, n. A pan with a long handle, used for fry ing meat and vegetables. t FUB, 71. A plump boy ; a woman. Todd. FUB, V. t. To put off; to delay ; to cheat. Shak. ^ FUB'BY, a. Plump ; chubby. JVichols. FU'CATE, i a. [L. fucatus.] Painted ; disguised with Fu'€A-TED, \ paint ; also, disguised with false show. Fu €US, n. [L.] 1. A paint ; a dye ; also, false show. 2. plu. FucusEs, in botany, a genus of aZ^ffi, or sea-weeds ; the sea-wrack, &c. FUD'DER of lead. See Fother. FUD'DLE, V. t. To make drunk ; to intoxicate. FUD'DLE, V. i. To drink to excess. L'Estrange. FUD'DLED, pp. Drunk ; intoxicated. FUD'DLER, n. A drunkard. Baxter. FUD'DLING, ppr. Intoxicating ; drinking to excess. FUDGE, a word of contempt. Fu'EL, n. [Fr. feu ; Sp. fuego.] 1. Any matter which serves as aliment to fire ; that which feeds fire ; combus- tible matter. 2. Any thing that serves to feed or increase flame, heat or excitement. Fu'EL, V t. 1. To feed with combustible matter. 2. To store with fuel or firing. Wotton. Fu'ELED, pp. Fed with combustible matter ; stored with firing. Fu'EL-ER, n. He or that which supplies fuel. Fu'EL-ING, ppr. Feeding with fuel ; supplying with fuel. FUFF, V. i. [G. pfuffen.] To blow or puff. Brockett. FUFFY% a. Light and soft. Brockett. FU-Ga'CIOUS, a. [L. fugax.] Flying or fleeing away ; volatile. FU-Ga CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of flying away ; vol- atility. FU-GAC'I-TY, n. [L. fugax.] 1. Volatility ; the quality of flying away. 2. Uncertainty ; instability. FuGH, or FOH, an exclamation expressing abhorrence. FU'Gl-TlVE, a. [Fr. fugitif ; L. fugitivus.] 1. Volatile ; apt to flee away ; readily wafted by the wind. 2. Not tenable ; not to be held or detained ; readily escaping. 3. Unstable ; unsteady ; fleeting ; not fixed or durable. 4. Fleeing ; running from danger or pursuit. 5. Fleeing from duty ; eloping ; escaping. 6. Wandering ; vaga- bond. — 7. In literature, fugitive compositions are such as are short and occasional, written in haste or at intervals, and considered to be fleeting and temporary. Fu'GI-TiVE, 71. I. One who flees from his station or duty ; a deserter ; one who flees from danger. 2. One who has fled or deserted and taken refuge under another power, or one who has fled from punishment. 3. One hard to be caught or detained. FU'Gl-TiVE-NESS, n. 1. Volatility ; fugacity ; an aptness to fly away. 2. Instability ; unsteadiness. FUGUE, (fug) 71. [Fr. fugue ; L., t^p.. It. fuga.] In music, a chase or succession in the parts ; that which expresses the capital thought or sentiment of the piece, in causing it to pass successively and alternately from one part to another. Fu'GUiST, 72. A musician who composes fugues, or per- forms them extemporaneously. Busby. tFUL'CI-BLE, a. [L. fulcibilis.] Which may be prop- ped up. FUL'CI-MENT, 71. [Tu. fulcimentum.] A prop; a fulcrum : that on which a balance or lever rests. [Little used.] FUL'€RATE, a. [L. fulcrum..] 1. In botany, a fulcrate stem is one whose branches descend to the earth. 2. Fur- nished with fulcres. FUL'GRUM, ) n. [L.] 1. A prop or support.— 2. In me- FUL ORE, ) chanics, that by which a lever is sustain- ed. — 3. In botany, the part of a plant which serves to s-up- port or defend it. FUL-FILL', V. t. [full ^nA fill.] 1. To accomplish ; toper- form ; to complete ; to answer in execution or event what has been foretold or promised. 2. To accomplish what was intended ; to answer a design by execution. 3. To accomplish or perform what was" desired ; to answer any desire by compliance or gratification. 4. To perform what is required ; to answer a law by obedience. 5. To complete in time. — 6. In general, to accomplish ; to com- plete ; to carry into effect. FUL-FILL'ED, (ful-fild') pp. Accomplished ; performed ; completed ; executed. FUL-FILL'ER, n. One that fulfills or accomplishes. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. t Obsolete FITL 364 FUN FUL-PILL'ING, ppr. Accomplishing ; performing ; com- pleting. FI^'L-FILL'MENT, ) n. 1. Accomplishment ; completion. FUL-FILL'ING, \ 2. Execution; performance. FUL FRAUGHT, a. Full-stored. Shak. FiJL'GEN-CY, n. [L. fulgens.] Brightness ; splendor ; glitter. FUL'GENT, a. Shining ; dazzling ; exquisitely bright. t FUL'GlD, a. [L. fulgidus.] Shining ; dazzling. t FUL-GID'I-TY, w. Splendor; dazzling glitter. Diet. F^UL'GOR, n. [L.] Splendor ; dazzling brightness. [Little used.l More. t FUL'GU-RANT, a. Lightening. f FUL'GU-RATE, v. i. To flash as lightning. Chambers. t FUL-GU-Ra'TION, n. [L. fulguratio.] Lightning ; the act of lightening. t FUL'GU-RY, n. [Ij.fulgur.] Lightning. Cockeram. FUL HAM, n. A cant word for false dice. Shak. FU-LIG-I-NOS'I-TY, n. [L. fuligo.] Sootiness ; matter deposited by smoke. Kirwan, Oeol. FU-LIG'I-NOUS, a. [Ij. fuligineus.] 1. Pertaining to soot ; sooty ; dark ; dusky. 2. Pertaining to smoke ; resem- bling smoke ; dusky. FU-LIG'I-NOUS-LY, adv. By being sooty. FU'LI-MART. See Foumakt. FULL, a. [Sax., Sw. full.] 1. Replete ; having within its limits all that it can contain. 2. Abounding with ; hav- ing a large quantity or abundance. 3. Supplied ; not va- cant. 4. Plump ; fat. 5. Saturated ; sated. 6. Crowd- ed, with regard to the imagination or memory. 7. Large ; entire ; not partial ; that fills. 8. Complete ; entire ; not defective or partial. 9. Complete ; entire ; without abate- ment. 10. Containing the whole matter ; expressing the whole. 11. Strong ; not faint or attenuated ; loud ; clear; distinct. 12. Mature ; perfect. 13. Entire ; complete ; denoting the completion of a sentence. 14. Spread to view in all dimensions. 15. Exhibiting the whole disk or surface illuminated. 16. Abundant ; plenteous ; suffi- cient. 17. Adequate; equal. 18. Well fed. 19. Well supplied or furnished; abounding. 20. Copious; ample. FFLL, n. 1. Complete measure; utmost extent. 2. The liighest state or degree. 3. The whole ; the total ; in the phrase, at full. 4. The state of satiety. — The fall of the moon is the time when it presents to the spectator its whole face illuminated. FULL, adv. 1. Q,uite ; to the same degree ; without abate- ment or diminution. 2. With the whole effect. 3. Ex- actly. 4. Directly. — Full is prefixed to otlier words, chiefly participles, to express utmost extent or degree. FULL'-A-€ORNED, a. Fed to the full with acorns. FIjLL'-BLOOMED, a. Having perfect bloom. Crashaw. FiJLL'-BLoWN, a. 1. Fully expanded, as a blossom. 2. Fully distended with wind. Dryden. FULL'-BOT-TOM, r>. A wig with a large bottom. FULL'-BOT-TOMED, a. Having a large bottom, aa a wig. FULL'-BUTT, adv. Meeting directly and with violence. i Vulgar.] L' Estrange. FULL'-CHARGED, a. Charged to fullness. Shak. FULL'-CRAMMED, a. Crammed to fullness. Marston. FiJLL'-DRESSED, a. Dressed in form or costume. FijLL'-DRIVE, a. Driving with full speed. Chaucer. FULL'-eARED, a. Having the ears or heads full of grain. benhaw,^ FULL'-EyED, a. Having large, prominent eyes. FULL'-FaCED, a. Having a broad face. FULL'-FED, a. Fed to fullness ; plump with fat. FULL'-FRAUGHT, a. Laden or stored to fullness. FtJLL'-GORGED, a. Over-fed ; a term of hawking. FULL'-GRoWN, a. Grown to full size. Milton. FtJLL'-HEART-ED, a. Full of courage or confidence. FULL'-HOT, a. 1. Heated to the utmost. Shak. 2. Quite as hot as it ought to be. FULL'-La-DEN, a. Laden to the full. FiJLL'-MANNED, a. Completely furnished with men. FiJLL'-MOUTHED, a. Having a full, strong voice. FULL'-ORBED, a. Having the orb complete or fully illu- minated, as the moon ; like the full moon. FULL'-SPREAD, a. Extended to the utmost. Dryden. PtJLL'-SToM-ACHED, a. Having the stomach crammed. FULL'-STUFFED, a. Filled to the utmost extent. FilLL'-SUMMED, a. Complete in all its parts. , FULL'-WINGED, a. 1. Having complete wings, or large strong wings, 2. Ready for flight ; eager. FULL, V. t. [Sax. fallian ; L. fullo.] To thicken cloth in a mill ; to make compact ; or to scour, cleanse and thick- en in a mill. FULL' AGE, n. Money paid for fulling cloth. FULLED, pn. Cleansed; thickened; made dense and firm in a mill. FULL'ER, n. One whose occupation is to full cloth. FtJLL'ER'S-EARTH, n. A variety of clay. FULL'ER'S-THIS-TLE, )n. Teasel, a plant of the genus riJLL'ER'S-WEED, \ dipsacus. The burrs are used in dressing cloth. FULL'ER- Y, 71. The place or the works where the fulling of cloth is carried on. FULL'ING, ppr. Thickening cloth in a mill ; making compact FIJLL'ING, n. The art or practice of thickening cloth, and making it compact and firm, in a mill. FULL'ING-MILL, n. A mill for fulling cloth. FULL'NESS, n. 1. The state of being filled, so as to leave no part vacant. 2. The state of aboundmg or being in great plenty ; abundance. 3. Completeness ; the state of a thing in which nothing is wanted ; perfection. 4. Repletion ; satiety ; as from intemperance. 5. Repletion of vessels. 6. Plenty ; wealth ; afiluence. 7. Struggling perturbation ; swelling, b. Largeness ; extent. 9. Loud- ness ; force of sound, such as fills the ear. FIJLL'Y, adv. 1. Completely; entirely; without lack or defect ; in a manner to give satisfaction ; to the extent desired. 2. Completely ; perfectly. FUL'MAR, ?!. 1. A fowl of the genus ^woceZZaria. 2. The foulemart or fulimart. See Foumart. FUL'MI-NANT, a. [Fr.; L./wZmmans.] Thundering. FUL'MI-NATE, v. i. [L. fulmino.] 1. To thunder. 2. To make a loud, sudden noise, or a sudden sharp crack ; to detonate. 3. To hurl papal thunder ; to issue forth eccle- siastical censures. FUL'MI-NATE, v. t. 1. To utter or send out, as a denun- ciation or censure. 2. To cause to explode. FUL'MI-NA-TING, ppr. 1, Thundering ; crackling ; ex- ploding ; detonating. 2. Hurling menaces or censures. FUL-MI-Na'TION, 71. 1. A thundering. 2. Denunciation of censure or threats, as by papal authority. 3. The ex- plosion of certain chemical preparations ; detonation. FUL'MI-NA-TO-RY, a. Thundering ; striking terror. t FUL'MlNE, V. i. To thunder. Milton. FUL'MlNE, V. t. To shoot ; to dart like lightning. FUL-MIN'I€, a. Fulminic acid, in chemistry, is a peculiar acid contained in fulminating silver. * FUL'SoME, ) a. [Sax. ful.] Gross ; disgusting byplain- *FlJLL'S6ME, \ ness, grossness or excess. * FUL'SoME-LY, adv. Grossly ; with disgusting plainness or cxcGss. *FUL'S6ME-NESS, n. Offensive grossness, as of praise. FUL'SoME, a. [Sax. ful.] 1. Nauseous ; offensive. 2. Rank ; offensive to the smell. 3. Lustful. 4. Tending to obscenity. [These are the English definitions of ful- some, but I have never witnessed such applications of the word in the United States.] FUL'S6ME-LY, adv. Rankly ; nauseously; obscenely. Eng. FUL'SoME-NESS, n. Nauseousness ; rank smell ; ob- scenity. Eng. FUL'VID. See FtJLVous. FUL'VOUS, a. [L. fulvus.] Yellow ; tawny ; saffron- colored. FU-Ma'DO, n. [L. fumus.] A smoked fish. Fu'MAGE, M. [Ij. fumus.] Hearth-money. Diet. Fu'MA-TO-RY, n. [Ft. fumeterre.] A plant. FUM'BLE, V. i. [D. fommelen.] 1. To feel or grope about ; to attempt awkwardly. 2. To grope about in perplexity ; to seek awkwardly. Dryden. 3. To handle much ; to play childishly ; to turn over and over. FUM'BLE, V. t. To manage awkwardly ; to crowd or tum- ble together. Shak. FUM'BLER, n. One who gropes or manages awkwardly. FUM'BLING, ppr. Groping ; managing awkwardly. FUM'BLING-LY, adv. In an awkward manner. FUME, n. [1,. fumus.] 1. Smoke ; vapor from combustion, as from burning wood or tobacco. 2. Vapor ; volatile matter ascending in a dense body. 3. Exhalation from the stomach. 4. Rage ; heat. 5. Any thing unsubstan tial or fleeting. 6. Idle conceit ; vain imagination. FUME, V. i. [IL.fiimo ; Fr. fumer.] 1. To smoke ; to throw off vapor, as in combustion. 2. To yield vapor or visible exhalations. 3. To pass off in vapors. 4. To be in a rage ; to be hot with anger. FUME, V. t. 1. To smoke ; to dry ip smoke. 2. To per- fume. 3. To disperse or drive away in vapors. Fu'MET, n. The dung of deer. B. Jonson. Fy-METTE',7i, [Fr.] The stink of meat. Swift. Fu'MID, a. [1,. famidus.] Smoky; vaporous. Fu'Ml-GATE, V. t. [L. fumigo.] 1. To smoke ; to per- fume. 2. To apply smoke to ; to expose to smoke. Fu'MI-GA-TED, pp. Smoked ; exposed to smoke. Fu'MI-GA-TING, ppr. Smoking ; applying smoke to. FU-MI-GA'TION,n. [l..fumigatio.] 1. The act of smoking or applying smoke. 2. Vapors ; scent raised by fire. FuM'ING, ppr. Smoking ; emitting vapors ; raging. FuM ING-LY, adv. Angrily ; in a rage. Hooker. FuM'ISH, a. Smoky ; hot ; choleric. [Little used.] Fu'MI-TER, n. A plant. FtJM'Y ' ( ^' P^^oducing fume ; full of vapor. Dryden. FUN, n. Sport ; vulgar merriment. j1 low word. FU-NAM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Performing like a rope-dan- cer ; narrow, like the walk of a rope-dancer. * See Synopsis a, E, I, O, V, "7, long.— FS.R, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— t Ohiolcte. FUR 365 FUR FU-NAM'BU-LIST, n. [L. funis and ambulo.] A rope- walker or dancer. * FU-NAM'BU-LO, In. [L. funambulus.] A rops-dancer. f FU-NAM'BU-LUS, j Bacon. FUNCTION, 71. [L. functio.] I. In a. general sense, the doing, executing or performing of any thing ; discharge ; performance. 2. Office or employment, or any duty or business belonging to a particular station or character. 3. Trade; occupation; [less proper.] 4. The office of any particular- part of animal bodies. 5. Power ; faculty, ani- mal or intellectual. FUN€'TION-AL-LY, adv. By means of the functions. Lawrence, Led. FUN€'TION-A-RY, n. One who holds an office or trust. FUND, n. [Fr. fond.] 1. A stock or capital ; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commer- cial or other operation. 2. Money lent to government, constituting a national debt ; or the stock of a national debt. 3. Money or income destined to the payment of the interest of a debt. 4. A sinking fund is a sum of money appropriated to the purchase of the public stocks or the payment of the public debt. 5. A stock or capital to affiDrd supplies of any kind. 6. Abundance; ample stock or store. FUND, V. t. 1. To provide and appropriate a fund. 2. To place money in a fund. FUND'A-MENT, n. [L. fundamentum.] 1. The seat ; the lower part of the body, or of the intestinum rectum. 2. Foundation ; \jiot in wse.] Chaucer. FUN-DA-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to the foundation or basis ; serving for the foundation. FUN-DA-MENT'AL, n. A leading or primary principle, rule, law or article, which serves as the ground-work of a system. FUN-DA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. Primarily ; originally ; es- sentially ; at the foundation. FUND'ED, pp. Furnished with funds for regular payment of the interest of. FUND'ING, ppr. Providing funds for the payment of the interest of. FU-Ne'BRI-AL, a. [L. funebris.] Pertaining to funerals. tFU-NE'BRI-OUS, a. [L,. funebns.] Funereal. Fu'NER-AL, n. [It. ftinerale.] 1. Buriol ; the ceremony of burying a dead body ; obsequies. 2. The procession of persons attending the burial of the dead. 3. Burial ; in- terment. Denham. FtJ'NER-AL, a. Pertaining to burial ; used at the inter- nient of the dead. tFu'NER-ATE, 17. f. [L. funeratus.] To bury. Cockeram. t FU-NER-A'TION, n. Solemnization of a funeral. FU-Ne'RE-AL, a. 1. Suiting a funeral ; pertaining to burial. 2. Dark ; dismal ; mournful. Taylor. fFU-NEST', a. [L. funestus.] Doleful; lamentable. Phillips. FUN 'GATE, 71. [from fungus.] A compound of fungic acid and a base. Coxe. t FUN6E, n. [L. fungus.] A blockhead ; a dolt ; a fool. Burton. PUN'(jI€, a. Pertaining to or obtained from mushrooms. FUN'Ctl-FORM, a. In mineralogy, having a termination similar to the head of a fungus. FUN GIN, 71. The fleshy part of mushrooms. FUN'GITE, 7?. A kind of fossil coral. FUN-GOS'I-TY, 71. Soft excrescence. FUN'GOUS, a. [See Fungus.] 1. Like fungus or a mush- room ; excrescent ; spungy ; soft. 2. Growing suddenly, but not substantial or durable. FUN'GUS, 71. [L.] 1. A ihushroom, vulgarly called a toadstool. 2. A spungy excrescence in animal bodies, as proud flesh formed in wounds. Fu'NI-€LE, 71. [L. funiculus.] A small cord ; a small lig- ature ; a fibre. Johnson. FU-NI€'U-LAR, a. Consistmg of a small cord or fibre. FUNK, 71. An offensive smell. [Vulgar.] t FUNK, V. t. To poison with an ofl'ensive smell. Ring. t FUNK, 7). i. To stink through fear. Epioram on J. Burton. FUN'NEL, 71. [W. fynel.] 1. A passage or avenue for a fluid or flowing substance, particularly, the shaft or hollow channel of a chimney through which smoke ascends. 2. A vessel for conveying fluids into close vessels ; a kind of hollow cone with a pipe ; a tunnel. FUN'NEL-FORM, ) a. Having the form of a funnel or FUN'NEL-SHaPED, \ inverted hollow cone. FUN'NY, a. [from fun.] Droll; comical. FUN'NY, 7?.. A light boat. FUR, 71. [Fr. fourrure.] 1. The short, fine, soft hair of certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distin- guished from the hair, which is longer and coarser. 2. The skins of certain wild animals with the fur ; peltry. 3. Strips of skin with fur, used on garments for lining or for ornament. 4. Hair in general. 5. A coat of morbid matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with fever. FUR, V. t. 1. To line, face or cover with fur. 2. To cover with morbid matter, as the tongue. 3 To line with a board, as in carpentry. fFUR, adv. [commonly written /ar.l A;adist mce. Sidney FUR '-WROUGHT, (fur'rawt) a. Made of fur. Qay FU-Ra'CIOUS, a. [L. furax.] Given to theft ; inclined to steal ; thievish. [Little used.] FU-RAC'I-TY, 71. Thievishness. [Little used.] FUR'BE-LoW, n. [Fr., It., Sp. /aZiaZa.] A piece of siuflf plaited and puckered, on a gown or petticoat ; a flounce ; the plaited border of a petticoat or gown. FUR'BE-LoW, v. t. To put on a furbelow ; to furnish with an ornamental appendage of dress. FURBISH, ?;. t. [It. forhirej Fr. fourUr.] Toruborscour to brightness ; to polish ; to burnish. FUR'BISH-A-BLE, a. That may be polished. Sherwood FUR'BISHED, pp. Scoured to brightness ; polished ; bur- nished. FUR'BISH-ER, n. One who polishes or makes bright by rubbing ; one who cleans. FUR'BISH-ING, ppr. Rubbing to brightness ; polishing. FUR'€ATE, a. [L. furca.] Forked ; branching like the prongs of a fork. Lee, Botany, FUR-€a'TI0N, 71. A forking ; a branching like the tine^; of a fork. Brown. t FUR'DLE, 7>. t. [Yr.fardeau.] To draw up into a bundle Brown. FUR'FUR, 71. [L.] DandruflT; scurf; scales like bran. FUR-FU-Ra'CEOUS, a. [1,. furfur aceiLs.] Scaly; branny ; scurfy ; like bran. Fu'RI-OUS, a. [L. furiosus.] 1. Rushing with impetuosity ; moving with violence. 2. Raging ; violent ; transported with passion. 3. Mad ; phrenetic. Fu'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With impetuous motion or agitation ; violently ; vehemently. Fu'RI-OUS-NESS, n I. Impetuous motion or rushing ; vi- olent agitation. 2. Madness ; phrensy ; rage. FURL, V. t. [Fr. ferler.] To draw up ; to contract ; to wrap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay or mast, and fasten it by a gasket or cord. FURLED, j>p. Wrapped and fastened to a yard, &,c. FURL'ING, ppr. Wrapping or rolling and ffistening to a yard, &c. FUR'LONG, 71. [Sax. furlang.] A measure of length ,• tl:e eighth part of a mile ; forty rods, poles or perches. FUK'LoUGH, ) n. [D. verlof.] 1. Leave of absence ; a FUR'LoW, ) word used only in military affairs, FUR'LoUGH, I V. t. To furnish with a furlough ; to grant FUR'LoW, \ leave of absence to an officer or soldier. FUR'MEN-TY. See Frumenty. FUR'NACE, 71. [Fr. fournaise, fournean.] I. A place where a vehement fire and heat may be made and main tained, for nieltmg ores or metals, &c. — 2. In Scripture a place of cruel bondage and affliction. Deut, iv. 3. Grievous afflictions by which men are tried. Ezek. xxii, 4. A place of temporal torment. Dan, iii. 5. Hell ; the place of endless torment. Matt, xiii. FUR'NACE, V. t. To throw out sparks as a furnace. t FUR'NI-MENT, 71. [Fr.fowrniment.] Furniture Spenser FUR'NISH, V. t. [Fr. fcumir.] 1, To supply with an> thing wanted or necessary. 2. To supply ; to store. 3. To fit up ; to supply with the proper goods, vessels or ornamental appendages. 4. To equip ; to fit for an ex pedition ; to supply. t FUR'NISH, 71. A specimen ; a sample Greene. FUR'NISHED, a. Supplied ; garnished ; fitted with neces- saries. FUR'NISH-ER, 7i. One who supplies or fits out. FUR'NISH-ING, ppr. Supplying ; fitting ; garnishing. FUR'NISH-MENT, 71. A supply. Cotgrave. FUR'NI-TURE, n. [Fr. fourniture.] 1. Goods, vessels, utensils and other appendages necessary or convenient for housekeeping. 2. Appendages ; that which is added for use or ornament. 3. Equipage ; ornaments ; decorations. FURRED, pp. Lined or ornamented with fur ; thickened by the addition of a board. FUR'RI-ER, n. A dealer in furs. FUR'RI-ER-Y, n. Furs in genera . Tooke. FUR 'RING, ppr. Lining or ornamenting with fur ; lining with a board. FUR'RoW, 71. [Sax. fur, or furh.] 1. A trench in the earth made by a plough. 2. A long, narrow trench or channel in wood or metal ; a groove. 3. A hollow made by wrinkles in the face. FUR'RoW, V. t. [Sax. fyrian.] 1. To cut a furrow; to make furrows in ; to plough. 2 To make long, narrow channels or grooves in. 3. To cut ; to make channels in j to plough. 4. To make hollows in by wrinkles. FUR'RoW-FaCED, a. Having a wrinkled face FUR'RoW-WEED, n. A weed growing on ploughed land. FUR'RY, a. 1. Covered with fur ; dressed in fur. 2. Con sisting of fur or skins. FUR'THER, a. [Bax. further, comparMive of forth.] I More or most distant. 2. Additional. FUR'THER, adv. To a greater distance. • See Siinovsis^ McVE, BOOK, DOVE •— BIJL^., UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete GAB 366 GAD FURTHER, V. t. [Sax. fyHhrian.] To help forward ; to promote ; to advance onward ; to forward ; hence, to help or assist. FUR'THER-ANCE, n. A helping forward; promotion; advancement. FUR'-f HERED, pp. Promoted ; advanced. FUR'T HER-ER, n. One who helps to advance ; a pro- moter. FUR'THER-MORE, adv. Moreover ; besides ; in addition to what has been said. FUR'THEPT, a. Most distant either in time or place. FUR'THEoT, adv. At the greatest distance. FUR'TIVE, a. [L.furtivus^ Fr.furtif.] Stolen 3 obtained by theft. Prior. FCRUN-€LE, n. [1,. furunculus.1 A small tumor or boil, with inflammation and pain. Fu'RY, 71. [L. furor, furia.] 1. A violent rushing ; impetu- ous motion. 2. Rage ; a storm of anger ; madness 3 tur- bulence. 3. Enthusiasm ; heat of the mind. — 4. In my- thology, a deity, a goddess of vengeance ; hence, a stormy, turbulent, violent woman. FU'RY-LIKE, a. Raging ; furious ; violent. Thomson. FURZ,7z. [Sax.fyrs.] Gorse 3 whin 3 a thorny plant of the genus ulex. FURZ'Y, a. Overgrown with furz 3 full of gorse, FUS-€a'TION, n. Darkening or obscuring. Diet. FUS CITE, n. A mineral. Phillips. FUS'eOUS, a. [L. fiiscus.] Brown 3 of a dark color FUSE, v.t. [L. fundo, fusum.] To melt 3 to liquefy by heat 3 to render fluid 3 to dissolve. FUSE, V. i. To be melted 3 to be reduced from a solid to a fluid state by heat. Fused, pp. Melted ; liquefied. FU-SEE', 71. [Ft. fusee, fuseau.] The cone or conical part of a watch or clock, round which is wound the chain or cord. FU-SEE', n. [Ft.] 1. A small, neat musket or firelock. But we now use fusil. 2. Fusee or fuse of a bomb or gra- nade, a small pipe filled with combustible matter, by which fire is communicated to the powder in the bomb. 3. The *FU-SI-BIL'I-TY, 72. The quality of being fusible, or of being convertible from a solid to a fluid state by heat. * Fu'SI BLE, a. [Fr-] That may be melted or liquefied. Fu SI -FORM, a. [L. fusus, a sp'ndle, and form.] Shaped like a spindle. Pennant. FU'SIL, a. [Fr. fusile ; L. fusilis.] 1. Capable of being melted or rendered fluid by heat. 2. Running 3 flowing, asa liquid. *FuSIL, 71. [Fr.] 1. A light musket or firelock. 2. A bearing, in heraldry, of a rhomboidal figure, named from its shape, which resembles that of a spindle. FU-SIL-EER', n. Properly, a soldier armed with a fusil ; but in modern times, a soldier armed like others of the infantry, and distinguished by wearing a cap like a gren- adier. FtJ'SION, 71. [Li.fusio.] 1. The act or operation of melting or rendering fluid by heat, without the aid of a solvent. 2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat ; a state of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat. Fu'SoME, a. Handsome 3 neat ; notable 3 tidy. Grose. FUSS, 71. A tumult 3 a bustle. [A vulgar word.] FUS SOCK, n. A large, gross woman. Grose. FUS'SLE. See Fuzzle. FUST, 71. [Fr. fut.] The shaft of a column. FUST, 71. [Fi.fiit.] A strong, musty smell. FUST, V. i. To become moldy ; to smell ill. 6hak FUST'ED, a. iloldy ; ill smelling. FUS TET, n. [Fr. 3 Sp., Port, fustete.] The wood of the rhus cotinus, which yields a fine orange color. FUSTTAN, (fust'yan) ?(. [Fr.futaine.] 1. A kind of cotton stufi", or stufl" of cotton and linen. 2. An inflated style ot writing ; a swelling style ; bombast. FUST'IAN, a. 1. Made of fustian.— 2. In style, swelling above tlie dignity of the thoughts or subject 3 too pompoi^ 3 ridiculously tumid 5 bombastic. FUST'IAN-IST, n. One who writes bombast. FUS'Tie, n. [Sp./iwfe.l The wood of the 7ftorws tmctoria, a tree growing in the West Indies. FUS-TI-Ga'TION, 71. [L. fustigatio.] Among the ancient Romans, a. punishment by beating w'ith a stick or club. FUST-I-La'RI-AN, n. A low fellow 3 a stinkard ; a scoun- drel. FUST'i'lUGS ( "* ^ Sross, fat, unwieldy person. Junius. FUST'I-NESS,'?!. a fusty state or quality 3 an ill smell from moldiness, or moldiness itself. FUST'Y, a. Moldy 3 musty 3 ill-smelling 3 rank 3 rancid. Shal:. Futile, a. [Fr. ; 'L.futHis.] 1. Talkative; loquacious 5 tattling 3 [ohs.] 2. Trifling 3 of no weight or importance 5 answering no valuable purpose ; worthless. 3- Of no efiect. FU-TIL'I-TY, 71. 1. Talkativeness 3 loquaciousness ; lo- quacity 3 [obs.] 2. Triflingness ; unimportance 3 want ot weight or elTect. 3. The quality of producing no valu- able effect, or of coming to nothing. tFu'TI-LOUS, a. Worthless; trifling. Howell. FUT'TOCK, n. [qu. font-hook, or corrupted from foot-lock. \ In a ship, the futtocks are the middle timbers, between the floor and the upper timbers. Fu TURE, a. [L. futunis ; Fr. futur.] 1. That is to be ot come hereafter. — 2. The future tense, in grammar, is the modification of a verb which expresses a future act or event. Fu'TURE, n. Time to come 3 a time subsequent to the present. fFu'TURE-LY, ado. In time to come. Raleigh. FU-TU-RrTION, 71. The state of being to come or exist hereafter. South. FU-Tu'RI-TY, 7i. 1. Future time ; time to come. 2. Event to come. 3. The state of being yet to come. FUZZ, V. t. To make drunk. [^ loio word.] See Fuzzle. FUZZ, V. i. To fly off" in minute particles. FUZZ, 71. Fine, light particles ; loose, volatile matter. FUZZ'BALL, 71. 1. A kind of fungus, which when pressed bursts and scatters a fine dust. 2. A puff". FUZ'ZLE, V. t. To intoxicate. Burton. FUZ'ZY, a. Light and spungy. Craven dialect. Written alsofozy by Brockett. FY, exclam. A word which expresses blame, dislike, dis- approbation, abhorrence or contempt. G. Gthe seventh letter and the fifth articulation of the Eng- > lish Alphabet, is derived to us, through the Latin and Greek, from the Assyrian languages. It has two sounds, one hzird or close, as in gave ; the other soft, like j or dzh, as in gem. It retains its hard sound in all cases, before a, ana w ; but before e, i and y, its sound is hard or soft, as custom has dictated, and its diff'erent sounds are not reducible to rules. It is silent in some words ; as, benign, condign. As a numeral, G was anciently used to denote 400, and, with a dash over it, G, 40,000. — In music, it is the mark of the treble cliff"; and, from its being placed at the head, or mark- ing the first sound in Guido's scale, the whole scale took the name Gammut, from the Greek name of the letter. GA, in Gothic, is a prefix, answering to ge in Saxon and other Teutonic languages. GAB, n. [Scot, gab.] The mouth 3 as in the phrase, the gift of the gah, that is, loquaciousness. [A vulgar phrase.] GAB, V. i. [Sax. gabban.] 1. To talk idly 3 to prate. Chau- cer. 2. To lie ; to unpose upon. * GAB'AR-DINE, or GAB-AR-DiXE', 71. [Sp. gabardina.] A coarse frock or loose upper garment 3 a mean dress. Shak. GABBLE, V. i. [D. gabheren.] 1. To prate 3 to talk fast, or i to talk without meaning. 2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity. GAB'BLE, 7i."l. Loud or rapid talk without meaning- 2 Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered, as of fowls. GAB'BLER, n. A prater 3 a noisy talker 3 one that utters inarticulate somids. GABBLING, ppr. Prating 3 chattering 3 uttering unmean- ing or inarticulate soimds. GAB'BRO, n. In mineralogy, the name given by the Itahans to the aggregate of diallage and saussurite. GaBEL, 7!. [Fr. gabelle.j A tax, impost or duty 5 usually an excise. GA'BEL-ER, n. A collector of the gabel or of taxes. Ga'BI-ON, n. [Fr. 3 It. gabbione.] In fortification, s large basket of wicker-worfc,°of a cylindrical form, filled with earth. Ga'BIjE, n. [W. gavacl.] The triangular end of a house or other building, from the cornice or eaves to the top. In ^m erica, it is usually called the gable-end. Ga'BRI-EL-iTES, 7!. In ecclesiastical history, a sect of ana- baptists in Pomerania, so called from one Gabriel Scher- luig. Ga'BRO-NITE, 71. A mineral. Cleaveland. Ga'BY, 7i. A silly, foolish person. See Gawbt. GAD, 7!. [Sax. gad.] 1. A wedge or ingot of steel. 2. A * See Synopi^is A, K- f , O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD t Obsolete. GAl 307 GAL style or graver. 3. A punch of iron with a wooden han- dle, used by miners. GAD, V. i. [Ir. gad.] 1. To walk about ; to rove or ramble idly or without any fixed purpose. 2. To ramble in growth. Milton. GAD'A-BOUT, n. One who runs much abroad without business. [.^ colloquial term.] GAD'DEE., n. A rambler ; one that roves about idly. GAD'BING, ppr. Rambling; roving; walking about. GAIVDING-LY, adv. In a rambling, roving manner. Hu- loet. GAD'FLY, n. [Sax. gad, and fiy.] An insect of the genus oestrus, which stings cattle ; called also the breeze. t GAD'LING, a. Straggling. GA-Do'LI-NITE, n. A mineral. GAD'WALL, n. A fowl of the genus anas. GaE'LI€, or Ga'LI€, a. [from Gael, Gaul, Gallia.] Ah epithet denoting what belongs to the Gaels, tribes of Celtic origin inhabiting the highlands of Scotland. GaE'LI€, (ga'lik) n. The language of the highlanders of Scotland. GAFF, n. A fool. See Gi ff. GAFF, n. [Ir. gaf.] 1. A harpoon. 2. A sort of boom or pole, used in small ships. GAF'FER, n. [Sax. gefere.] A word of respect, which seems to have degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt. [Little used.] GAF'FLE, n. [Sax. geaflas.] 1. An artificial spur put on cocks when they are set to fight. 2. A steel lever to bend cross-bows. GAF'TY, a. Doubtful; suspected. Cheshire. GAG, V. t. [W. cegiaw.] 1. To stop the mouth by thrusting something into the throat, so as to hinder speaking. 2. To keck ; to heave with nausea. GAG, n. Something thrust into the mouth and throat to hinder speaking. GAGE, n. [Fr. gage.] 1. A pledge or pawn ; something laid down or given as a security. 2. A challenge to com- bat. 3. A measure, or rule of measuring ; a standard. [See Gauge.] 4. The number of feet which a ship sinks in the water. 5. Among letter-founders, a piece of hard wood variously notched, used to adjust the dimensions, slopes, &c. of the various sorts of letters. 6. An instru- ment in joinery, made to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board. — A sliding-gage, a tool used by mathematical instrument makers for measuring and set- ting oii' distances. — Sea-gage, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. — Tide-gage, an instrument for de- termining the height of the tides. — TVind gage, an instru- ment for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface. — Weather gage, the windward side of a ship. GAGE, V. t. 1. To pledge ; to pawn ; to give or deposit as a pledge or security for some other act ; to wage or wager ; [obs.] 2. To bind by pledge, caution or security ; to en- gage. 3. To measure ; to take or ascertain the contents of a vessel, cask or sliip ; written also gauge. GAGED, pp. Pledged ; measured. Ga'GER, n. One who gages or measures the contents. GAG'GER, 71. One that gags. GAG'GLE, v. i. [D. gaggelen.] To make a noise like a goose. * GAG'GLING, n. Th3 noise of geese. Ga'GING, ppr. Pledging ; measuring the contents. GaH'NITE, n. A mineral, called also automalite. GaI'LY, adv. [better written gayly.] 1 Splendidly ; with finery or showiness. 2. Joyfully ; merrily. GAIN, V. t. [Fr. gagner.] 1. To obtain by industry or the employment of capital ; to get as profit or advantage ; to acquire. 2. To win ; to obtain by superiority or success. 3. To obtain ; to acquire ; to procure ; to receive. 4. To obtain an increase of any thing. 5. To obtain or receive any thing, good or bad. 6. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side ; to conciliate. 7. To obtain as a suitor. 8. To reach : to attain to ; to arrive at. — To gain into, to draw or persuade to join in. — To gain over, to draw to another party or interest ; to win over. — To gain ground, to advance in any undertaking ; to prevail ; to increase. GAIN, V. i. 1. To have advantage or profit ; to grow rich ; to advance in interest or happhiess. 2. To encroach ; to advance on ; to come forward by degrees ; with on. 3. To advance nearer ; to gain ground on. 4. To get ground ; to prevail against, or have the advantage. 5. To obtain influence with. — To gain the wind, in sea language, is to arrive on the windward side of another ship. GAIN, n. [Fr. gain.] 1. Profit; interest; something ob- tained as an advantage. 2. Unlawful advantage. 3. Overplus in computation ; any thing opposed to loss. GAIN, n. [W. gdii.] In architecture, a beveling shoulder; a lapping of timbers, or the cut that is made for receiving a timber. t GAIN, a. Handy ; dextrous. GaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained or reached. GaIN'AGE, n. In old laws, the same as wainage, that is, guainage ; the horses, oxen and furniture of the wain, or the instruments for carrying on tillage ; also the land it- self, or the profit made by cultivation. Gained, ^p. Obtained as profit or advantage; won; drawn over to a party ; reached. GaIN'ER, n. One that gains or obtains profit, interest or advantage. GaIN'FUL, a. 1. Producing profit or advantage ; profitab^" , advantageous ; advancing interest or happiness. 2. Lu- crative ; productive of money ; adding ^ the wealth or estate. GaIN'FUL-LY, adv. With increase of wealth ; profitably ; advantageously. GaIN'FUL-NESS, n. Profit ; advantage. f GaIN'GIV-ING, n. A misgiving; a giving against or away. Shah. GaIN'LESS, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable; no bringing advantage. Hammond. GaIN'LESS-NESS, 71. Unprofitableness ; want of advan- tage. Decay of Piety. |GaIN'LY, adv. HandUy ; readily; dextrously. *GAIN-SaY', v. i. [Sax. gcan, or ongean, and sav.] To contradict ; to oppose m words ; to deny or declare not to be truewhat another says ; to controvert ; to dispute. GAIN-SaY'ER, 7i. One who contradicts or denies what is alledgedj an opposer. Tit. i. * GAIN-SaY'ING, ppr. Contradicting ; denying ; opposing. 'GAINST. See Against. IGaIN'STAND, v.t. [Sax. gean, and stand.] To with- stand; to oppose; to resist. Sidney. t Gain-strive, v. i. To make resistance. fGAlN'STRIVE, V. t. To withstand. GAIR'ISH, a. [Sax. gcarwian.] 1. Gaudy; showy; fine; afiectedly fine ; tawdry. 2. Extravagantly gay ; flighty. GAIR'ISH-LY, adv. Gaudily ; in a showy manner. GAIR'[SH-NESS, n. Caud'iness ; finery ; ostentatious show. 2. Flighty or extravagant joy, or ostentation. GAIT, n. 1. A going ; a walk ; a march ; a way. Shak 2. Manner of walking or stepping. GaIT'ED, a. Having a particular gait, or method of walk- ing. GaI TER, n. A covering of cloth for the leg. GaI'TER, v. t. To dress with gaiters. Ga'LA, n. [Sp. gala.] A gala day is a day of pomp, show or festivity, wlien persons appear in their best apparel. GA-LA€'TiTE, n. A fossil substance. I GA-LaGE', 71. [Sp. ^aZoc/m. See Galoche.] A wooden shoe. Spenser. G A-L AN GA, n. A plant, a species of the maranta. GA-LAN'GAL, 71. Zedoary, a species of Icmmpfcria. GA-LA'TIANS, 71. Inhabitants of Galatia. *GAL'AX-Y, 71. [Gr. yaXa^ias.] 1. The milky way ; that lon^, white, luminous track, which seems to encompass th^heavens like a girdle. 2. An assemblage of splendid persons or things. i?j3. I/^aZZ. GAL'BA-NUM, ) n. The concrete, gummy, resinous juire GAL'BAN, ) of an umbelliferous plant, called ferula Africana. GALE, 71. [Dan. gal ; Ir. gal.] A current of air; a strong wind. In the language of seamen, the word gale, unac coinpanied by an epithet, signifies a vehement wind, a storm or tempest. jMar. Diet. GALE, 71. A plant. Crabbe. GALE, V. i. In seamen^s language, to sail, or sail fast. Ga'LE-A, 77. [L. galea.] A genus of sea hedge-hogs. GAL'E-AS, 71. A Venetian ship, large, but low built. Ga'LE-A-TED, a. [L. galeatus.] I. Covered as with a helmet. — 2. In botany, having a flower like a helmet, as the monk's-hood. GA-LEE'TO, n. A fish of the genus blennius. GA-Le'NA, n. [Gr. ya\nvri.] 1. Originally, the name of the theriaca. 2. Sulphuret of lead. GA-LEN'ie, > a. 1. Pertaming to or containing galena. GA-LEN'I-€AL, \ 2. [from Galen, the physician.] Re- lating to Galen. Ga'LEN-ISM, 71. The doctrines of Galen. Ga'LEN-IST, 7!.. A follower of Galen. Ga'LER-ITE, n. A genus of fossil shells. GAL-I-Le'AN, 77. A native or inhabitant of Galilee. Also, one of a_sect among the J ews. GAL-I-Ma'TIA, 71. [Fr. galimatias.] Nonsense. GAL'IOT, 71. [Fr. galiote.] 1. A small galley, or sort of brigantine, built for chase. 2. Galiot, or galliott, a Dutch vessel, carrying a main-mast and a mizzen-mast. GAL/I-POT, n. [Sp.] A white resin or resinous juice. GALL, n. [Sax. gealla ; G. galle.] 1. In the animal econo- my, tlie bile, a bitter, yellowish-green fluid, secreted in the glandular substance of the liver. 2. Any thin^ ex- tremely bitter. 3. Rancor; malignity. 4. Anger; bitter- ness of mind. GALL'BLAD-DER, n. A small membranous sack, shaped like a pear, which receives the bile from the liver by the cystic duct. GALL'SI€K-NESS, n. A remitting bilious fever. * See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAw t Obsolete GAL 36b GAM GALLSTONE, n. A concretion formed in the gallblad- "der. GALL, n. [L. galla ; Sax. gealla.] A hard, round excres- cence on the oak tree in certain warm climates, said to be the nest of an insect called cynips. GALL, V, t. [Fr. galei-.] 1. To fret and wear away by fric- tion ; to excoriate j to hurt or break the skin by rubbing. 2. To impair ; to wear away. 3. To tease ; to fret ; to vex ; to chagrin. 4. To wound ; to break the surface of any tiling by rubbing. 5. To injure ; to harass ; to annoy. GALL, V. i. To fret ; to be teased. Shak. GALL, 71. A wound in the skin by rubbing. GAL'LANT, a. [Fr. galant ; Sp. galante.] 1. Gay 5 well- dressed ; showy ; splendid ; magnificent 5 lohs.'] 2. Brave ; high-spirited j courageous ; heroic j magnanimous. 3. Fine ; noble. GAL-LaNT', a. Courtly; civil; polite and attentive to la- dies; courteous. GAL-LANT', n. 1. A gay, sprightly man ; a courtly or fash- ionable man. 2. A man who is polite and attentive to ladies ; one who attends upon ladies at parties, or to places of amusement. 3. A wooer ; a lover ; a suitor. — 4. In an ill sense, one who caresses a woman for lewd purposes. GAL-LANT', v. t. 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady. 2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner. GAL'LANT-LY, apr, or a. Sparkling. Chaucer. GLIT'TER-ING, ppr. Shining ; splendid ; brilliant. GLIT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With sparkling lustre. GLoAM, V. i. To be sullen. See Glum, fGLoAR, 7). i. [B. gluuren.] To squint ; to stare. f GLoAT, V. i. [Sw. glutta.] To cast side glances ; to stare wjth eagerness or admiration. Rowe. GLo'BARD, n. [from glow.] A glow-worm. GLoB'ATE, I a. [L. globatus.] Having the form of a GLoB'A-TED, \ globe ; spherical ; spheroidal. GLOBE, 71. [L. globus ; Fr. globe.] 1, A round or spherical solid body ; a ball ; a sphere ; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the centre, 2, The earth ; the terraqueous ball ; so called, though not perfectly spherical. 3. An artificial sphere of metal, paper or other matter, on whose convex surface is drawn a map or repre- sentation of the earth or of the heavens, 4. A body of soldiers formed into a circle. GLOBE, V. t. To gather round or into a circle. GLOBE'-AM-A-RANTH, n. A plant. See Amaranth. GLoBE'-AN-I-MAL, n. A species of animalcule of a glob- ular form. GLoBE'-DaI-SY, n. A plant or flower. GLoBE'-FISH, 71. A fish of a globular shape, the ostracion. Johnson. Encyc. GLoBE'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant or flower. GLoBE'-RA-NUN'€U-LUS, n. A plant GLoBE^THIS-TLE, n. A plant. GLO-BoSE', a. [L. globosus.] Round ; spherical ; globular. Milton. GLO-BOS'I-TY, n. The quality of being round. GLo'BOUS, a. [L. globosus.] Round ; spherical. GLOB'ULAR, a. Round ; spherical ; having the form of a small ball or sphere. Grew. GLOB-U-La'RI-A, n. A flosculous flower. Miller. GLOB'ULE, 77. [Fr. globule ,• L. globulus.] A little globe ; a small particle of matter of a spherical form. GLOB'U-LOUS, a. Round ; globular ; having the form of a small sphere. Boyle. GLoB'Y, a. Round ; orbicular. Sherwood. t GLODE, old pret. of glide. GLOME, 71. [L. glomus ] In botany, a roundish head of flowers. Martyn. GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. glomero.] To gather or wind into a ball ; to collect ijito a spherical form or mass. GLOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Gathered into a ball or round mass. GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Collecting or winding into a ball or round mass, GLOM-ER-A'TION, n. [L. glomeratio.] I. The act of gathering into a ball or spherical body. 2. A body formed into a ball. Bacon. GLOM'ER-OUS, a. [L. glomerosus.] Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass. GLOOM, n. [Scot, gloum.] 1. Obscurity ; partial or total darkness ; thick shade. 2. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind • melancholy ; aspect of sorrow, 3. Darkness of prospect or aspect. 4. Sullenness, GLOOBI, V. i. 1. To shine obscurely or imperfectly. 2. To be cloudy, dark or obscure. 3. To be melancholy or de- jected. GLOOM, 7;. t. To obscure; to fill with gloom; to darken; to make dismal. sec Synopsis ^, E, T, O, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— KN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. GLO 379 GLU GLOJM'I-LY, adv. 1. Obscurely; ditoly; darkly; dismal- ly. 2. With melancholy aspect ; sullenly. Dryden. GLOOM'I-NESS, n. 1. Want of light ; obscurity ; darkness ; dismalness. 2. Want of cheerfulness ; cloudiness of look ; heaviness of mind ; melancholy. GLOOM'Y, a. 1. Obscure : imperfectly illuminated ; or dark ; dismal. 2. Wearing the aspect of sorrow ; melan- choly ; clouded: dejected; depressed; heavy of heart. 3. Of a dark complexion ; [little used.] GLOP'PEN, V. t. To surprise ; to astonish. JV*. ofEna-land. GLORE, a^ [Icel. hlT/re.} Fat. tGLO-RI-A'TION, n. [L. gloriatio.] Boast; a triumphing. Richardson. f-GLo'RIED, a. Illustrious; honorable. Milton. GL0-RI-FI-€a'TI0N, n. I. The act of giving glory, or of ascribing honors to. 2. Exaltation to honor and dignity ; elevation to glory. GLo'RI-FiED, pp. Honored ; dignified ; exalted to glory. GLo'RI-FY, v. t. [Ft. glorifier.] 1. To praise ; to magnify and honor in worship ; to ascribe honor to, in thought or words. 2. To make glorious ; to exalt to glory, or to ce- lestial happiness. 3. To praise ; to honor ; to extol. 4. To procure honor or praise to. GLo'RI-FY-ING, ppr. Praising ; honoring in worship ; ex- alting to glory ; honoring ; extolling. GLo'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. ^Zoricifz ; 'L.gloriosus.'] 1. Illustrious; of exalted excellence and splendor ; resplendent in majes- ty and divme attributes. 2. Noble ; excellent ; renowned ; celebrated ; illustrious ; very honorable. 3. Boastful ; self-exulting ; haughty ; ostentatious ; [obs.'] GLO'RI-OUS-LY. adv. Splendidly; illustriously ; with great renown or dignity. GLo'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being glo- rious. GLO'RY, 71. [Li gloria ; Ft. gloire.] 1. Brightness ; lustre ; splendor. 2. Splendor ; magnificence. 3. The circle of rays surrounding the head of a figure in painting. 4. Praise ascribed in adoration ; honor. 5. Honor ; praise ; fame; renown; celebrity. 6. The felicity of heaven pre- pared for the children of God ; celestial bliss. — 7. In Scripture, the divine presence ; or the ark, the manifesta- tion of it. 8. The divine perfections or excellence. 9. Honorable representation of God. 10. Distinguished honor or ornament ; that which honors or makes renowned ; that of which one may hoast. 11. Pride; boastful ness ; arrogance ; as, vain glory. 12. Generous pride. GLO'RY, V. i. [L. glorior.] 1. To exult with joy ; to re- joice. 2. To boast ; to be proud of. GLoRY-ING, j};>r. Exulting with joy ; hoasting. GLo'RY-ING, n. The act of exulting ; exultation ; boast- ing ; displav of pride. GLOs^E, GLoSER. See Gloze. GLOSS, n. [G. glosse.] I. Brightness or lustre of a body, proceeding from a smooth surface. 2. A specious appear- ance or representation ; external show that may mislead opinion. 3. An interpretation artfully specious. 4. In- terpretation ; comment; explanation; remark intended to illustrate a subject. 5. A literal translation. GLOSS, V. t. 1. To give a superficial lustre to; to make smooth and shining. 2. To explain ; to render clear and evident by comments ; to illustrate. 3. To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and plausible; to pal- liate by specious representation. GLOSS, V. i. 1. To comment ; to write or make explanato- ry remarks. 2. To make sly remarks. Prior. GLOS-Sa'RI-AL, a. Containing explanation. GLOSS'A-RIST, n. A writer of glosses or comments. GLOSS' A-RY, 71. [Fr. glossaire.] A dictionary or vocabu- lary, explaining obscure or antiquated words found in old authors. fGLOS-SA'TOR, 71. [Ft. glossateur.] A writer of com- ments ; a commentator. Jlyliffe. GLOSSED, pp. Made smooth and shining ; explained. GLOSS'ER, 71. 1. A writer of glosses ; a scholiast ; a com- mentator. 2. A polisher; one who eives a lustre. GLOSS'I-NESS, n. The lustre or brightness of a smooth surface. Boyle. GLOSSING, ppr. Giving lustre to; polishing; explaining by comments ; giving a specious appearance. fGLOSS'IST, 71. A writer of comments. Wilton. GLOSS-OG'RA-PHER, n. [gloss, and Gr. yoa(pw.'] A writer of glosses ; a commentator ; a scholiast. G LOSS-OG'RA-PHY, n. The writing of comments for il- lustrating an author. GLOSS-OLO-GIST, n. [gloss, and Gr. 'Xoyo^.] One who writes glosses ; a commentator. GLOSS-OL'O-GY, n. [gloss, and Gr. ^oyog.] Glosses or commentaries ; explanatory notes. GLOSS Y, a. Smooth and shining ; reflecting lustre from a smooth surface ; highly polished. GLOT'TIS. 71. [Gr. yAwrra.] The narrow opening at the upper part rf the aspera arteria or windpipe. tGLOUT, ti.i. [Scot.] To pout; to look sullen. Garth. tGLOUT, V. t. To view attentively. GL6VE, n. [Sax. gluf.] A cover for the hand, or for the hand and arm, with a separate sheath for each finger.— To throw the glove, with our ancestors, was to challenge to single combat. GL6VE, V. t. To cover with a glove Shak. GLoV^ER, 71. One whose occupation is to mtike and sell gloves. GLoW, V. i. [Sax. glowan.] 1. To shine with intense heat , or, perhaps more correctly, to shine with a white heat ; to exliibit incandescence. 2. To burn with vehement heat. 3. To feel great heat of body ; to be hot. 4. To exhibit a strong bright color ; to be red. 5. To be LrigJit or red with heat or animation, or with blushes. 6. To feel the heat of passion ; to be ardent; to be animated, 7. To burn with intense heat ; to rage ; as passion t GLo W, V. i. To heat so as to shine. Shak. t GLoW, V. t To make hot so as to shine. Shak GLoW, n. 1. Shining heat, or white heat. 2. Brightness of^color ; redness. 3. Vehemence of passion. GLoW'ING, ppr. 1. Shining with intense heat ; white with heat. 2. Burning with vehement heat. 3. Exhibiting a bright color ; red 4 Ardent ; vehement ; animated. 5. Inflamed GLoW'ING-LY, adv. With great brightness ; with ardent heat or passion. GLoW'WoRM, 71. The female of the lampyris noctiluca, an insect of the order o( coleopters . GLOZE, v. i. [Sax. glesan.] To flatter ; to wheedle ; to fawn ; to talk smoothly. GLOZE over, v. t. To palliate by specious exposition. GLOZE, 72. 1. Flattery ; adulation. Shak. 2. Specious show; gloss; [o6s. See Gloss.] Sidney. GLoZ'ER, 7!. A flatterer. Oifford. GLoZ'ING, ppr. Flattering ; wheedling. GLoZ'ING, n. Specious representation. Mountagu. GLtJ'CIN, 7(. [Gr. y'XvKvg.] A soft, white earth or powder obtained from the beryl and emerald. GLuE, (glu) n. [Fr. glii.] Inspissated animal gluten; a te- nacious, viscid matter, which serves as a cement to unite other substances. GLuE, V. t. [Fr. gluer.] 1. To join with glue or a viscous substance. 2. To unite ; to hold together. GLuE'BOIL-ER, n. [glue and boil.] One whose occupation isjo make glue. GLuED, pp. L^nited or cemented with glue. GLuER, 7!. One who cements with glue. GLU'EY, a. Viscous ; glutinous. GLU'EY-NESS. v. The quality of being gluey. GLUING,;?^. Cementing with glue. GLU'ISH, a. Having the nature of glue. Sherwood. GLUM, a.^[Scot. o-loum.] Frowning; sullen. [L.u.] t GLUM, 71. Sullenness. jGLUM, V. i. [from gloom.] To look sourly ; to be sour of •countenance. GLU-Ma'CEOUS, a. Having glumes ; consisting of glumes. Barton. GLUME, n. [L. gliima.] In botany, the calyx or corol of corn and grasses ; the husk or chaff. GLUM'MY, a. Dark ; gloomy ; dismal. GLuM'OUS, a. A gluniKis flower is a kind of aggregate flcwer, with a common glume at the base. GLUT, V. i. [L. glutio.] 1. To swallow, or to swallow greedily ; to gorge. Milton. 2. To cloy ; to fill beyond sufficiency ; to sate ; to disgust. 3. To feast or delight even to satiety, 4. To fill or furnish beyond sufficiency. 5. To saturate. GLUT, 7i. 1. That which is swallowed. 2. Plenty even to loathing. 3. More than enough; superabundance. 4. Any thing that fills or obstructs the passage, 5. A wooden wedge. JVeic England. GLtj'TE-AL, a. [Gr, y^ovrog.] The gluteal artery is a branch of the hypogastric or internal iliac artery. GLtJ'TEN, n. [L.] A tough, elastic substance, of a grayish color, found in the flour of wheat and other grain. 2. That part of the blood which gives firmness to its texture. GLtJ'TI-NATE, v. t. To unite with due ; to cement. GLU-TI-Na TION, 71. The act of uniting with glue. GLtr TI-NA-TiVE, a. Having the quality of cementing ; tenacious, GLU-TI-NOS'I-TY, 7!. The quality of being glutinous: vijcousness. GLu'TI-NOUS, n. [L. gbitinosv^.] 1. Viscous ; viscid ; te- nacious ; having the quality of glue ; resembling glue — 2. In botany, besmeared with a slipperv moisture. GLtJ'TI-NOUS'-NESS, n. Viscosity ; viscidity ; the quality of slue, tenacitv. Chevne. GLUT'TON, (glut'tn) n. [Low L. gluto ; Fr. glouton.] 1. One who indulges to excess in eating. 2. One eager of any thing to excess. — 3. In zoology, an animal of the genus ursus. t GLUT'TON, V. t. To load ; to glut ; to overfill. Lovelace. GLUT'TON-iZE, v. i. To eat to excess ; to eat voraciously ; to indulge the appetite to excess. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE,— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. , Obsolete. GO 380 GOA GLUT'TON-OUS, a. 1. Given to excessive eating. 9. Consisting in excessive eating. GLUT'TON-OUS-LY, adv. Witli the voracity of a glutton; withi excessive eatirg. GLUT'TON-Y, n. 1. Excess in eating ; extravagant indul- gence of the appetite for food. 2. Luxury of tlie table. 3. Voracity of appetite. Encyc. GLY-Co'NI-AN, I a. [Low L. glyconium.] Denoting a kind GLY-CON'ie, \ of verse in Greek and "Latin poetry. GLYN. See Glen. GLYPH, n. [Gr. y^vcptj.] In sculpture and architecture^ a canal, channel or cavity intended as an ornament. GL^PH'I€, 71. A picture or figure by which a word is im- plied. See HlEKOGLYPHIC. GLYP'TI€, 71. The art of engraving figures on precious GLYP-TO-GRAPH'I€, a. [Gr. yXvTrro? and ypac^w.] De- scribing the methods of engraving on precious stones. GLYP-TOG'RA-PHY, n. A description of the art of engrav- ing on precious stones. GNAR, (nar) \v.i. [Sax.gmjrran, gnornian.] To growl; GNARL, (narl) \ to murmur; to snarl, [Guar is nearly obsolete.] GNARLED, (narld) a. Knotty; fuir of knots. GNASH, (nash) v. t. [Dan. Jcnasker.] To strike the teeth together, as in anger or pain. Dryden. GNASH, (nash) v.i. 1. To grind the teeth. 2. To rage even to collision with the tteth ; to growl. GNASH'ING, (nash'ing) ppr. Striking the teeth together, as in anger, rage or pain. GNASH'ING, (nash'ing) n. A giinding or striking of the teeth in rage or anguish. GNAT, (nat) n. [Sax. gncet.] 1. A small insect, or rather a genus of insects, the culex. 2. Any 'thing proverbially small. tGNA-THON'I-€AL-LY, a^Zv. Flatteringly; deceitfully. GNAT'FLOW-ER, n. A flower, called also bee-floioer. GNAT'SNAP-PER, n. A bird that catches gnats. GNAT'WoRM, ti. A small water insect produced by a gnat ; the larva of a gnat. GNAW, (naw) v. t. [Sax. gnagan.] 1. To bite off by little and little ; to bite or scrape off with the fore teeth ; to wear away by biting. 2. To eat by biting oflT small por- tions of food with the fore teeth. 3. To bite in agony or rage. 4. To waste ; to fret ; to corrode. 5. To pick with the teeth. GNAW, (naw) v. i. To use the teeth in biting. GNAWED, (nawd) p/). Bit; corroded. GNAWER, (naw'er) n. He or that which gnaws. GNAWING, (naw'ing) ppr. Biting off by little and little ; corroding ; eating by slow degrees. GNe'ISS, (nSis) 71. [qu Dan. gnister.] In mineralogy, a species of aggregated rock, composed of quartz, feldspar and mica. t GNOEF, (nof ) n. A miser. GNOME, (nome) n. [Gr. yvuyfir].] 1. An imaginary being, supposed by the cabaiists to inhabit the inner parts of the BRrth. Encyc. 2. A brief reflection or maxim ; [not used.] GNoM'I-€AL, (n5'me-kal) a. Sententious ; containing maxims. [Little used.] GNOM-I-0-MET'RI-€AL,a. [Gr. yvwixcov and nerpeu).] The gnomiomr.frical telescope and microscope is an instru- ment for measuring the angles of crystals. GS8M-0-L§l't€AL, i - P^«^i"^"g ^« gnomology. GNO-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. yvw/^j; and \oyog.] A collection of maxims, grave sefitences or reflections. [Little used.] GNo'MON, (no'mon) n. [Gr. yvcopwv.] 1. In dialing, the style or pin, which by its shadow shows the hour of the day. — 2. In astrovoiny, a style erected perpendicular to the horizon, in order to find the altitude of the sun. 3. The ffvomon of a globe is the index of the hour-circle. GNO-MON'I€, ; a. Pertaining to the art of dialing. GNO-MON'I-€AL, i Chambers. GNO-MON'I€S, 71. The art or science of dialing. GNOS'Tie, (nos'tik) n. [L. gnosticus.] The Gnostics were a sect of philosophers that arose in the first ages of Chris- tianity, who pretended they were the only men who had a true knowledge of the Christian religion. GNOS'Tie, (nos'tik) a. Pertaining to the Gnostics. GNOS'TI-CISM, (nos'te-sizm) n. The doctrines or system of philosophy tauglit by the Gnostics. GNU, n. A species of antelope, in Southern Africa. GO, V. i. ; pret. went ; pp. gone. Went belongs to the root. Sax. wendan, a different word. [Sax. gan ; G. gehen.] 1. In a general sense, to move ; to pass ; to proceed from one place, state or station to another. 2. To walk ; to move on the feet, or step by step. 3. To walk leisurely ; not to run. 4. To travel ; to journey. 5. To depart ; to move from a place. 6. To proceed ; to pass. 7. To move ; to pass in any manner or to any end. 8. To move or pass customarily from place to place, denoting custom or practice. 9. To proceed from one state or opinion to another ; to change. 10. To proceed in menta operations ; to advance ; to penetrate. 11. To proceed or advance in accomplishing an end. 12. To apply ; to be applicable. 13. To apply one's self. 14. To have re- course to. 15. To be about to do. 16. To pass ; to ha accounted in value. 17. To circulate ; to pass in report 18. To pass ; to be received ; to be accounted or under- stood to be. 19. To move, or be in motion. 20. To move as a fluid; to flow. 21. To have a tendency. 29. To be in compact or partnership. 23. To be guided or regulated ; to proceed by some principle or rule. 24. To- be pregnant. 25. To pa'ss ; to be alienated in payment or exchange. 28. To be loosed or released ; to be freed from restraint. 27. To be expended. 28. To extend ; to reach. 29. To extend or lead in any direction. 30. To proceed : to extend. 31. To have effect ; to extend in effect ; to avail ; to be of force or value. 32. To extend in meaning or pur- port. 33. To have a currency or use, as custom, opinion or manners. 34. To contribute ; to conduce ; to concur ; to be an ingredient. 35. To proceed ; to be carried on. 36. To proceed to final issue ; to terminate ; to succeed. 37. To proceed in a train, or in consequences. 38. To fare ; to be in a good or ill state. 39. To have a tendency or effect ; to operate. To go about. 1. To set one's self to a business ; to attempt ; to endeavor. — 2. In seamen's language, to tack ; to turn the head of a ship. — To go abi-oad. 1. To walk out of a house. 2. To be uttered, disclosed or published.— To go against. 1. To invade ; to march to attack. 2. To be in opposition ; to be disagreeable. — To go aside. 1. To with- draw ; to retire into a private situation. 2. To en- ; to de- viate from the right way, — To go astray, to wander ; to break from an inclosure , also, to leave the right course ; to depart from law or ruld ; to sin ; to transgress. — To go away, to depart ; to go to a distance. — To go between, to interpose ; to mediate ; to attempt to reconcile or to adjust differences. — To go by. 1. To pass near and beyond. 2. To pass away unnoticed ; to omit. 3. To find or get in the conclusion. — To go down. 1. To descend in any man- ner. 2. To fail ; to come to nothing. 3. To be swallow- ed or received, not rejected. — To go forth, to issue or de- part out of a place. — To go forward, to advance. — To go hard with, to be in danger of a fatal issue ; to have diffi- culty to escape. — To go in, to enter. — To go in to, to have sexual commerce with.^T^o go in and out. 1. To do the business of life. 2. To go freely ; to be at liberty. — To go' off. 1. To depart to a distance ; to leave a place or station. 2. To die ; to decease. 3. I'o be discharged, as fire-arras ; to explode. — To go on. 1. To proceed ; to advance for- ward. 2. To be put on, as a garment. — To go out. 1. To issue forth ; to depart from. 2. To go on an expedition. 3. To become extinct, as light or life ; to expire. 4. To become public. — To go over. 1. To read ; to peruse ; to study. 2. To examine ; to view or review. 3. To think over ; to proceed or pass in mental operation. 4. To change sides ; to pass from one party to another. 5. To revolt. 6. To pass from one side to the other, as of a river — To go through. I. To pass in a substance. 2. To exe cute ; to accomplish ; to perform thoroughly ; to finish 3. To suffer ; to bear ; to undergo ; to sustain to the end. — To go through with; to execute effectually. — To go un- der, to be talked of or known, as by a title or name. — To go up, to ascend ; to rise. — To go upon, to proceed as on a foundation ; to take as a principle supposed or settled. — To go with. 1. To accompany ; to pass with others. 2. To side with ; to be in party or design with. — To go ill with, to have ill fortune ; not to prosper .— To g-o well with, to have good fortune ; to prosper. — To go without, to be or remain destitute. — Qo to, come, move, begin ; a phrase of exhortation ; also a phrase of scornful exhortation. Go'-BE-TWEEN, n. An interposer; one who transacts business between parties, f^hak. Go'-BY, n. 1. Evasion ; escape by artifice. 2. A passing without notice ; a thrusting away ; a shifting off. Go'-€ART, n. A machine with wheels, in which children learn to walk without danger of falling. GoAD, 71. [Sax. gad.] A pointed instrument used to stim- ulate a beast to move faster. GoAD, V. t. 1. To prick ; to drive with a goad. 2. To in- cite ; to stimulate ; to instigate ; to urge forward. GoAD'ED, pp. Pricked ; pushed on by a goad ; insti- gated. GoAD'ING, ppr. Pricking ; driving with a goad ; inciting ; urging on ; rousing. Goal, ti, [Fr. gaule.] 1. The point set to bound a race, and to which racers run ; the mark. 2. Any starting post 3. The end or final purpose ; the end aimed at. GoAR, n. More usually gore, which see. tGoAR'ISH, a. Patched ; mean. Beaumont. GoAT, n. [Sax. gat ; D. geit.] An animal or quadruped of the genus capra. GoAT'-BEARD, n. See Goat's-beard. GoAT'-CHAF-FER, n. An msect, a kind of beetle. GoAT'FISH, n. A fish of the Mediterranean. * S'e S7jnopsis. A R, T, O, V, ^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARtNE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. GOE 381 GOI GoAT'HERD, n. One whose occupation is to tend goats. Spenser. GoAT'ISH, a. 1. Resembling a goat in any quality j of a rank smell. More. 2. Lustful. Shak. G5AT-MAR'J0-RAM, n. Goat-beard. GoAT'-MILK-ER, n. A kind of owl, so called from suck- ing goats. Bailey. GoAT'S'-BEARD, n. In botany, a plant of the genus trago- pogon. GoAT'SKIN, n. The skin of a goat. Pope. GoAT'Si-RuE, n. A plant of the genus galega. GoAT'S -STONES, n. The greater goat's-stones is the sa- tyrium ; the lesser, the orchis. GoAT'9-THORN, n. A plant of the genus astragalus. GoAT'-SU€K-ER, n. In ornithology, a fowl of the genus caprimulgus, so called from the opinion that it would suck goats. GOB, n. [Fr, gobe ; W gob.] A little mass or collection ; a mouthful, [sd low word.] GOB'BET, n. [Fr. gobe.] A mouthful ; a lump. GOB'BET, V. t. To swallow in large masses or mouthfuls. [./3 low word.] L'Estrange. f GOB'BET-LY, adv. In pieces. Huloet. GOB'BLE, V. t. [Fr. gober.] To swallow in large pieces; to swallow hastily. Swift. GOB'BLE, V. i. To make a noise in the throat, as a turkey. Prior. t GOB'BLE-GUT, n. A greedy feeder Sherwood. GOB'BLER, n. 1. One who swallows in haste ; a greedy eater ; a gormandizer. 2. A name sometimes given to the turkey cock. GOB'LET, n. [Fr. gobelet.] A kind of cup or drinking ves- sel without a handle. GOB'LIN, 71. [Fr. gobelin.] 1. An evil spirit 3 a walking spirit; a frightful phantom. 2. A fairy ; an elf. GOD, n. [Sax. god ; G. gott ; D. god ; Sw. and Dan. gud ; Goth, goth, ox gnth.] 1. The Supreme Being ; Jehovah ; the Eternal and Infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sove- reign of the universe. 2. A false god ; a heathen deity ; an idol. 3. A prince ; a ruler ; a magistrate or judge ; an angel. 4. Any pei-son or thing exalted too much in esti- mation, or deified and honored as the chief good. tGOD, v_. t. To deify. Shak. GOD'CHiLD, n. One for whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism, and promises to see educated as a Christian, GOD'DAUGH-TER, n. A female for whom one becomes sponsor at baptism. GOD'DESS, w. I. A female deity ; a heathen deity of the female sex. — 2. In the language of love, a woman of su- perior charms or excellence. GOD'DESS-LiKE, a. Resembling a goddess. GOD'FA-THER, n. [Sax. god ajiA fader .] The man who is sponsor for a child at baptism. GOD'PA-THER, v. t. To act as godfather. Burke. GOD'HEAD, (god'hed) n. [god, and Sax. hade.] I.Godship ; deity ; divinity ; divine nature or essence. Milton. 2. A deity in person ; a god or goddess. GOD'LESS, a. 1. Having no reverence for God ; impious ; ungodly ; irreligious ; wicked. 2. Atheistical ; having no belief in the existence of God. Milton. GOD'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being impious. GOD'LiKE, a. 1. Resembling God ; divine. 2. Resembling a deity, or heathen divinity. 3. Of superior excellence. GOD'LI-LY, adv. Piously ; righteously. H. F/harton. GOD'LI-NESS, n. 1. Piety ; belief in God, and reverence for his character and laws. 2. A religious life. 3. Reve- lation ; the system of Christianity. GOD'LING, n. A little deity ; a diminutive god, GOD'LY, a. [god-like.] 1. Pious ; reverencing God, and his character and laws. 2. Living in obedience to God's commands ; religious ; righteous. 3. Pious ; conformed to God's law. GOD'LY, adv. Piously ; righteously, (■ GOD'LY-HEAD, n. [Sax. god.&nd head.] Goodness. Spen- ser. GOD'MoTH-ER, n. [god and mother.] A woman who be- comes sponsor for a child in baptism. GOD'SHIP, n. Deity ; divinity ; the rank of a god. GOD SMITH, n. A maker of idols. Dryden. GOD'SoN, n. [Sax. godsunu.] One for whom another has been sponsor at the font. GOD SPEED, n. Good speed, that is, success. 2 John, 10. GOD'S'-PEN-NY. n. An earnest-penny. Beaumont. GOD WARD. Toward God. [jln ill-formed word.] GOD'WIT, 71. A fowl of the grallic order. *GOD'Y?ELD I "'^'"- ^ *^™ of thanks. Shak. tGo'EL, a. [Sax. ^ea^ew.] Yellow. Tiisser. JGo'EN, part. pret. of go, formerly so written. Go'ER, 71. 1. One that goes ; a runner or walker. 2, One that transacts business between parties. 3. A foot, 4. A term applied to a horse ; as, a good goer. Beaumont. fGo'E-TY, 71 [Gr. yo>7r£ta.] Invocation of evil spirits. t GOFP, n. [ou. W. gofoL] A foolish clown , also^a game See Golf. fGOFF'ISH, a. Foolish; stupid. Chaucer. GOG, 71, [W. gog. See Agog.] Haste ; ardent desire to go. Beaumont. GOG'GLE, V. i. [W. gogelu.] To strain or roll the eyes Hudibras. GOG'GLE, a. Having full eyes ; staring. B. Jonson. GOG'GLE, n. A strained or affected rolling of the eye. GOG'GLED, a. Prominent ; staring, as the eye. GOG'GLE-EYE, n. A rolling or staring eye. GOG'GLE-EyED, a. Having prominent, distorted or rolling eyes, Ascham. GOG'GLES, 71. plu. [W. gogelu.] 1. In surgery, instru- ments used to cure squinting, or the distortion of the eyes which occasions it. 2. Cylindrical tubes, in which are fixed glasses for defending the eyes from cold, dust, &c. 3. Blinds for horses that are apt to take fright. Go'WG, ppr. Moving; walking; traveling; turning; roll- ing ; flying ; sailing, &c, Go'ING, 71, 1. The act of moving, 2. The act of walking. 3. Departure. 4. Pregnancy. 5. Procedure ; way ; course of life; beliavior; deportment. 6. Procedure; course of providential agency or government. GOI'TRE, \ n. [Fr. goitre.] The bronchocele ; a large tu GOIT'BR, \ mor that forms gradually on the human throat between the trachea and the skin. GOIT'ROUS, a. [Fr, gottreux.] 1, Pertaining to the goitre ; partaking of the nature of bronchocele, 2. Affected w-ith bronchocele. Go'LA, n. In architecture, the same as cymatium. *GoLD, n. [Sax., G. gold.] 1. A precious metal of a bright yellow color, the most ductile and malleable of all the metals, and the heaviest except platina. 2. Money. 3. Something pleasing or valuable. 4. A bright yeilov/ color. 5. Riches ; wealth. — Gold of pleasure, a plant of the genus myagrum. Gold, a. Made of gold ; consisting of gold. GoLD'BeAT-EN, a. Gilded. [Little tised.] GoLD'BeAT-ER, n. One whose occupation is to beat or foliate gold for gilding. Boyle. — Ooldbeater''s skin, the in- testinum rectum of an ox, which goldbeaters lay between the leaves of the metal while they beat it, whereby the membrane is reduced very thin, and made fit to be appli- ed to cuts and fresh wounds. GoLD'BOUND, a. Encompassed with gold. Shak. Gold CoAST, 71. in geography, a part of the coast of Guinea, in Africa, where gold is found. GoLD'EN, (gol'dn) a. 1. Made of gold ; consisting of gold 2. Bright ; shining ; splendid. 3, Yellow ; of a gold color 4, Excellent ; most valuable, 5. Happy ; pure ; as, the golden age. 6. Preeminently favorable or auspicious.— Golden number, in chronology, a number showing the year of the moon's cycle, — Golden rule, in arithmetic, the rule of three, or rule of proporti-on, GoLD'EN-CUPS, n. A plant, the ranunculus. GoLD'EN-LUNG'-WORT, n. A plant. fGoLD'EN-LY, adv. Splendidly; delightfully. Shak. GoLD'EN-MaID'EN-HAIR, n. A plant. GoLD'EN-MOUSE'-eAR, 71. A plant. GoLD'EN-ROD, n. A plant, the solidago. GoLD'EN-ROD'-TREE, n. A plant, the bosea. GoLD'EN-SAM'PHIRE, n. A plant. GoLD'EN-SAX'I-FRAGE, 71, A plant. GoLD'EN-THIS'TLE, n. A plant. GoLD'FINCH, n. [Sax, goldfinc] The fr in gill a cardaelis, a bird so named from the color of its wings. GoLD'-FTND-ER, n. One who finds gold ; one who emp- ties jakes. [JYot much lis ed.] Swift. ^OLD'FISH, or GoLD'EN-FISH, n. A fish of the genus cy prinus, of the size of a pilchard. GoLD'-HAM-MER, n. A kind of bird. Diet. GoLD'-HlLT-ED, a. Having a golden hilt. GoLD'ING, 7?. A sort of apple. Dici. GoLD'LACE, n. A lace wrought with gold. GoLDLaCED, a. Trimmed Vv^ith gold lace. GoLD'LeAF, n. Gold beaten into a thin leaf. GoLD'NEY, n. A fish, the gi.lthead. Diet. GoLD'-PLEAS-URE, for gold of pleasure, a plant. GoLD'-PROOF, a. Proof against bribery GoLD'-SIZE, n. A size or glue for burnishing gilding GoLD'SMITH, n. 1. An artisan who manufactures vessels and ornaments of gold and silver, 2. A banker, GoLD'THREAD, n.' 1. A thread formed of flatted gold laid over a thread of silk. 2. A plant, the helleborus trifolius, so called from its fibrous yellow roots. U. States. GoLD'WIRE, n. An ingot of silver, superficially covered with gold, and drawn through small holes, GoLD'Y-LOCKS, n. A name given to certain plants. GOLF, n. [D, kolf.] A game with ball and bat, in which he who drives the ball into a hole with the fewest strokes is the winner. fGOLL, 71. [Gr. yv'a\ov.] Hands; paws; claws. See Synopsis- MOVE, BQQK, D6VE —BULL. UNITE — € as K : 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett GOO 382 GOR GO-LoE'~SHCE, 71. An over-shoe ; a shoe worn over an- othej to keep the foot dry. GO-LoRE', 71. [Irish, gleire.] Abundance. fGOM, n. [Sax. gum ; Goth, guma.] A man. t Go MAN, ?i. A man. Whiter. GOME, s. The black grease of a cart-wheel, probably a cor- ruption of coom. GOM-PHo'SIS, n. [Gr. yo^^wo-tf.] A particular form of ar- ticulation ; the connection of a tooth to its socket. Wise- man. GOIS'DO-LA, 71. [It. j Fr. gondole.] A flat-bottomed boat, very long and narrow, used at Venice in Italy, on the ca- nals. GON-DO-LIkR', n. A man who rows a gondola. GONE, {pronounced, nearly, gawn.) pp. of go. 1. Departed. 2. Advanced ; forward in progress. 3. Ruined ; undone. 4. Past ; sometimes with iy. 5. Lost. 6. Departed from life ; deceased ; dead. fGON'FA-LON, / 71. [^oTi/aTioTz, Chaucer ; Fr. gonfalon.] J GON'FA-NON, \_ An ensign or standard ; colors. t GON-FAL-O-NIeR', 71. A chief standard-bearer. GONG, 71. [Sax. gang.] 1. A privy or jakes ; [obs.] Chau- cer. 2. An instmment made of brass, of a circular form, which the Asiatics strike with a wooden mallet. Todd. GO-NI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ywvia and [lerpov.] An instru- ment for measuring solid angles. GO-NI-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to a goniometer. GON-OR-RHe'A, n. [Gr. yovos and ptu).] A morbid dis- charge in venereal complaints. (JOOD, a. [Sax. god, or good ; Goth, goda, ^ods, gotli ; G. giit ; D. goed ; Sw. and Dan. god.] 1. Valid; legally firm ; not weak or defective. 2. Valid ; sound ; not weak, false or fallacious. 3. Complete or sufficiently perfect in its kind ; having the physical qualities best adapted to its design and use ; opposed to bad, imperfect, corrupted, impaired. 4. Having moral qualities best adapt- ed to its design and use, or the qualities which God's law requires ; virtuous ; pious ; religious. 5. Conformable to the moral law ; virtuous. 6. Proper ; fit ; convenient ; seasonable ; well adapted to the end. 7. Convenient ; useful ; expedient ; conducive to happiness. 8. Sound ; perfect; uncorrupted ; undamaged. 9. Suitable to the taste or to health ; wholesome ; salubrious ; palatable ; n<..» disagreeable or noxious. 10. Suited to produce a sal- utary effect ; adapted to abate or cure ; medicinal ; salu- tary ; beneficial. 11. Suited to strengthen or assist the healthful functions. 12. Pleasant to the taste. 13. Full ; complete. 14. Useful; valuable; having qualities or a tendency to produce a good effect. 15. Equal ; adequate ; competent. 16. Favorable ; convenient for any purpose. 17. Convenient ; suitable ; safe. 18. Well qualified ; able ; skillful. 19. Ready ; dextrous. 20. Kind ; benevolent ; affectionate. 21. Kind; affectionate; faithful. 22. Pro- motive of happiness ; pleasant ; agreeable ; cheering ; gratifying. 23. Pleasant or prosperous. 24. Honorable ; fair ; unblemished ; unimpeached. 25. Cheerful ; favor- able to happiness. 26. Great or considerable ; not small nor very great. 27. Elegant ; polite. 28. Real ; serious ; not feigned. 29. Ki-nd ; favorable ; benevolent ; humane. 30. Benevolent; merciful; gracious. 31. Seasonable; commendable ; proper. 32. Pleasant ; cheerful ; festive. 33. Companionable ; social ; merry. 34. Brave , in fa- miliar language. 35. In the phrases, the good man, ap- plied to the master of the house, and good woman, appli- ed to the mistress, good sometim'es expresses a moderate degree of respect, and sometimes slight contempt. 36. The phrase good will is equivalent to benevolence ; but it signifies, also, an earnest desire, or a hearty wish. 37. Comely ; handsome ; well formed. 38. Mild ; pleasant. 39. Mild : calm ; not irritable. 40. Kind ; friendly ; hu- mane Good aamce, wise and prudent counsel. — Good heed, great care ; due caution. — In good sooth, in good truth ; in real- ity ; [obs.]— To make good. 1. To perform ; to fulfill. 2. To confiiTn or establish ; to prove ; to verify. 3. To supply de- ficiency ; to make up a defect or loss. 4. To indemnify ; to give an equivalent for damages. 5. To maintain ; to carry into effect. — To stand good, to be firm or valid. — To think good, to see good, is to be pleased or satisfied ; to think to bs expedient. — As good as, equally ; no better than ; the same as. — As good as his word, equaling in fulfillment what was promised ; perfonning to the extent. GOOD, 71. 1. That which contributes to diminish or remove pain, or to increase happiness or prosperity ; benefit ; ad- vantage. 2. Welfare ; prosperity ; advancement of inter- est or happiness. 3. Spiritual advantage or improvement. 4. Earnest ; not jest. 5. Moral works. 6. Moral quali- ties ; virtue ; righteousness. 7. The best fruits ; richness ; abundance. f GOOD, V. t. To manure. Hall. GOOD, adv. As good, as well ; with equal advantage ; as, had you not as good (in America, as goods) go with me ? GOOD, i7,terj. Well ! right ! GOOD-BREED'ING. 71. Polite manner?, formed by a good education ; a polite education. GOOD-BY. See By. GOOD-CON-Di"TIONED, a. Being in a good state ; hav- ing good qualities or favorable symptoms. t GOOD'DEN, adv. A form of wishing ; a contraction of good-dayen, the Saxon plural of day. GOOD-FEL'LoW, n. A jolly companion. GOOD-FEL'LoW, v. t. To make a jolly companion ; to besot. [Little used.] GOOD-FEL'LoW-SHIP, 7i. Merry society. GOOD-FRi'DAY, n. A fast of the Christian church, in memoryof our Savior's sufferings. GOOD-Hu'MOR, 71. A cheerful temper or state of mind. GOOD-Hu'MORED, a. Being of a cheerful temper. GOOD-Hu'MORED-LY, adv. With a cheerful temper; in a cheerful way. GOOD^ING, 71. A custom by women only, who ask alms, and in return wish all that is good. GOOD-MAN'NERS, n. Propriety of behavior; politeness ; decorum. GOOD-NaT'URE, 71. Natural mildness and kindness of disposition. GOOD-NaT'URED, a. Naturally mild in temper ; not easi- ly provoked. GOOD-NaT'URED-LY, atZw. With mildness of temper. GOOD- NOW. 1. An exclamation of wonder or surprise 2.' An exclamation of entreaty ; [not used.] Shak. GOOD'-SPEED, 71. Good success. See Speed. GOOD'-WIFE, 71. The mistress of a family. Burto7i GOOD -WILL, n. Benevolence. GOOD-WOM'AN, v. The mistress of a family. t GOOD'LESS, a. Having no goods. Chaucer. GOOD'LI-NESS, n. Beauty of form ; grace; elegance. GOOD'LY, adv. Excellently. Spenser. GOOD'LY, a. 1. Being of a handsome form ; beautiful ; graceful. 2. Pleasant ; agreeable ; desirable. 3. Bulky swelling ; affectedly turgid ; [obs.] t GOOD'LY-HEAD, 71. Goodness; grace. Spenser. GOODMAN, n. 1. A familiar appellation of civility; sometimes used ironically. 2. A rustic term of compli- ment. 3. A familiar appellation of a husband ; also, the master of a family. GOOD'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being good ; the physical qualities which constitute value, excellence or perfection. 2. The moral quahties which constitute Christian excel- lence ; moral virtue ; religion. 3. Kindness ; benevolence ; benignity of heart ; but more generally, acts of kindness ; charity ; humanity exercised. 4. Kindness ; benevolence of nature ; mercy. 5. Kindness ; favor shown ; acts of benevolence, compassion or mercy. GOODS, 71. pill. 1. Movables ; household furniture. 2. Personal or movable estate. 3. Wares ; merchandise ; commodities bought and sold by merchants and traders. t GOOD'SHIP, n. Favor ; grace. GOOD'Y, n. [qyiL. goodwife.] A low term of civility. GOOD'Y-SHIP, n. The state or quality of a goody. GOOG'INGS, or GOOD'INGS, n. In seamen^s language, clamps of iron bolted on the stern-post of a ship, whereon to hang the rudder. GOOS'AN-DER, 7i. A migratory fowl. GOOSE, (goos) 71. ,• plu. Geese. [Sax. gos.] 1. A well- known aquatic fowl of the genus anas ,• but the domestic goose lives chiefly on land, and feeds on grass. 2. A tailor's smoothing iron. GOOSE'BER-RY, (goos'ber-^-y) n. [D. kruisbes ; L. grossula. The English word is undoubtedly corrupted from cross- berry, grossberry, or gorseberry.] The fruit of a shrub, and the shrub itself, the ribes grossularia. GOOSE'GAP, (goos'kap) n. A silly person. Beaumont. GOOSE'FOOT, (goos'fut) n. A plant. GOOSE'GRASS, (goos'grass) n. A plant. GOOSE'NECK, (goos'lieck) n. In a sAip, a piece of iron fixed on one end of the tiller. GOOSE'Q,UILL, (goos'quil) n. The large feather or quill of a goose ; or a pen made with it. GOOSE'TONGUE, (goos'tung) n. A plant. GOOSE'WING, (goos'wing) n. In seamen^s language, a sail set on a boom on the lee side of a ship. fGOP'PISH, a. Proud ; pettish. Ray. GOR -BEL-LIED, a. Big-bellied. Shak. t GOR'-BEL-LY, n. A prominent belly. f GORGE, n. [Norm. Fi. gors.] A pool of water to keep fish in ; a wear. GOR '-COCK, n. The moor-cock, red-grouse. GOR'-CRoW, 7?,. The carrion-crow. Johnson. GORD, 7?. An instrument of gaming. GORD'I-AN, a. Intricate. — Gordian knot, in antiquity, a knot in the leather or harness of Gordius, a king of Phrygia, so very intricate, that there was no finding where it began or ended. GORE, n. [Sax. gor.] 1. Blood ; but generally, thick O! clotted blood. 2. Dirt ; mud ; [unvsuo^ ] See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, tj, Y, ;o7i^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— MN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete GOS 383 GOV GORE, n. [Scot, gore, or gair.'j 1. A wedge-shaped or tri- angular piece of cloth sewed into a garment lo widen it in any part. 2. A slip or triangular piece of land. — 3. In heraldry, an abatement denoting a coward. GORE, V. t. [W.gyru.] 1. To stab; to pierce; to pene- trate with a pointed instrument, as a spear. 2. To pierce with the point of a horn. GoRED, pp. Stabbed; pierced with a pointed instru- ment. GOR6E, (gorj) n. [Fr. gorge; It. gorga.] 1. The throat ; the gullet ; the canal of the neck by which food passes to the stomach. — 2. In architecture, the narrowest part of the Tuscan and Doric capitals.^3. In fortification, the entrance of the platform of any work. 4. That which is gorged or swallowed. GOR6E, (gorj) v. t. 1. To swallow ; to swallow with greediness. 2. To glut ; to fill the throat or stomach ; to satiate. G0R6E, V. i. To feed. Milton. G0R6ED, pp. Swallowed ; glutted. G0R6ED, a. 1. Having a gorge or throat.— 2. In heraldry, bearing a crown or the like about the neck. GOR'GEOUS, a. Showy ; fine ; splendid ; glittering with gay colors. GOR'GEOUS-LY, adv. With showy magnificence ; splen- didly; finely. GOR'GEOUS-NESS, n. Show of dress or ornament ; splen- dor of raiment. GOR'GET, n. [Fr. gorgeUe.] 1. A'piece of armor for de- fending the throat or neck ; a kind of breast-plate like a half moon. 2. Formerly, a ruff worn by females. — 3. In suf'gery, gorget, or gorgeret, is a cutting instrument used in lithotomy. GOR'GING, ppr. Swallowing ; eating greedily ; glutting. COR'GON, 11. [Gr.] 1. A fabled monster of terrific aspect, the sight of which turned the beholder to stone. 2. Any thing very ugly or horrid. GOR'GON, a. Like a gorgon ; very ugly or terrific. GOR-Go'NE-AN, ) a. Like a gorgon ; pertaining to gor- GOR-GO'NI-AN, \ gons. Milton. GOR'-HEN, 71. The female of the gor-cock. . GoR'ING,ppr. [from o-ore.] Stabbing; piercing. GoR'ING, n. A pricking ; puncture. Dryden. GOR'MAND, ) V. [Fr. gourmand ; W. gor7nant.] A GOR'MAND-ER, ) greedy or ravenous eater ; a g ut- ton. GOR'MAN-DTZE, v. i. To eat greedily ; to swallow vora- ciously. Shak. t GOR'MAN-DiZE, n. Voraciousness. GOR'MA N-DlZ-ER, n. A greedy, voracious eater. GOR'MAN-DlZ-ING, ppr. Eating greedily and voraciously. GORSE, ) n. [Sax. gorst.] Furz, or whin, a thick, prickly GORSS, \ shrub, of the genus ulex. GoR'Y, a. 1. Covered with congealed or clotted blood. 2. Bloody; murderous. Shak. GOS'HAWK, 71. [Sax. goshafoc] A voracious fowl. GOS'LiNG, 71. [Sax. gos and ling.] 1. A young goose; a goose not full grown. 2. A catkin on nut-trees and pines. GOS'PEL, n. [Sax. godspell ; god, good, and spell, history.] 1. The history of the birth, life, actions, death, resunec- tion, ascension and doctrines of Jesus Christ ; or a revela- tion of the grace of God to fallen man through a Mediator. 2. God's word. 3. Divinity ; theology. 4. Any general doctrine. GOSTEL, V. t. To instruct in the gospel ; or to fill with sentiments of religion. Shak. GOS'PEL-GOS-SIP, n. One who is over-zealous in running about among his neighbors to lecture on religious subjects. Jiddison. GOS'PEL-LA-RY, a. Theological. The Cloak in its Colors. GOS'PEL-iZE, V. t. 1. To form according to the gospel. Milton. _2. To instruct in the sospel ; to evangelize. GOS'PEL-lZED, j}p Instructed m the Christian religion. GOS'PEL-lZ-ING, ppr. Evangelizing ; instructing in the Christian religion. E. Stiles. GOS'PEL-LER, n. 1. An evangelist ; also, a follower of Wickliffe. 2. He who reads the Gospel at the altar. GOSS, 71. A kind of low furz or gors. Shak. GOS'SA-MER, 71. [L. ffossipiam.] A fine, filmy substance, like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather, especially in autumn. GOS'SA-MER-Y, a. Like gossamer ; flimsy ; unsubstantial. Pursuits of Literature. GOS'SIP, 71. [Sax. ^odsihb.] 1. A sponsor ; one who an- swers for a child in baptism ; a godfather ; [o&s.] 2. A tippling companion. 3. One who runs from house to house, tattling and telling news ; an idle tattler. 4. A friend or neighbor ; {ohs.'] 5. Mere tattle ; idle talk. GOS'SIP, V. i. 1. To prate ; to chat ; to talk much. 2. To be a pot-companion. 3. To run about and tattle ; to tell idle tales. GOS'SIP-ING, ppr. Prating; chatting; running from place to place and tattling. GOS'SIP-ING , n. A prating ; a running about to collect taled and tattle. t GOS'SIP-RED, n. Compaternity ; spiritual affinity, for which a juror might be challenged. t GOS-SOON', 71. [Fr. gargon.} A boy ; a sei-vant. GOS'TING, 71. An herb. Ainsworth. GOT, pret. of get. The old preterit gat, pronounced g-o? , is nearly obsolete. GOT, and GOT'TEN,;)p. of get. GOTE, 71. A water passage ; a channel for water. Grose. GOTH, 71. 1. One of an ancient and distinguished tribe or nation, which inhabited Scandinavia. 2. One rude or uncivilized ; a barbarian. 3. A rude, ignorant person. Go'THAM-IST, n. A person deficient in wisdom, so called from Gotham in Nottinghamshire, noted for some pleas- ant blunders. Bp. Morton. GOTH'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to the Goths. 2. Rude; 'an- cient. 3. Barbarous. GOTH'IO, n. The language of the Goths. GOTH'I-CISM, 71. 1. Rudeness of manners ; barbarousness. 2. A Gothic idiom. 3. Conformity to the, Gothic style of building. GOTH'I-CiZE, V. t. To make Gothic ; to bring back to bar- barism. Strutt. \ GOUD, ti. Woad. * GOUGE, (gouj) 71. [Fr. gouge.] A round, hollow chisel, used to cut holes, channels or grooves in wood or stone. Moxon. GOUGE, (gouj) V. t. 1. To scoop out with a gouge. 2. To force out the eye of a person with the thumb or finger ; a barbarous practice. GOU'JEERS, 71. [Fr. gouge, a camp trull.] The French disease. Shak. GOUL'AND, 71. A plant or flower. B. Jonson. GOUL'ARD'S EX'TRACT. [So called from fhe inventor.] A saturated solution of the subacetate of lead, used as a remedy for inflammation. *GoURD, n. |Fr. courge.] A plant and its fruit. GoURD'I-NESS, n. A swelling on a horse's leg. GoURD'Y, a. Swelled in the legs. GoURD'-TREE, n. A tree, the crescentia GOUR'MAND. See Gcrmand. GOUR'NET, n. A fish. GOUT, 71. [Fr. goutte.} 1. The artAT^fris, a painful disease of the small joints, but sometimes affecting the stomach. It is often periodical or intermitting. 2. A drop ; [not iised.] GOUT, (goo) 7?.. [Fr., fram L. gustus.] Taste ; relish. GOUT'I-NESS, 71. The state of being subject to the gout ; gouty affections. GOUT'SWELLED, a. Swelled with the gout. GOUT'WoRT, n. A plant, the -Bgopodium- GOUT'Y, a. 1. Diseased with the gout, or subject to the gout. 2. Pertaining to the gout. 3. Swelled ; boggy ; [obs.] GOVE, 71. A mow. Tusser. GOVE, V. t. To mow ; to put in a gove, goff or mow. Tusser. GOVERN, V. t. [Fr. gouverner.] 1. To direct and control, as the actions or conduct of men ; to regulate by authori- ty ; tokeepw'thin the limits prescribed. 2. To regulate; to influence ; to direct. 3. To control ; to restrain ; to keep in due subjection. 4. To direct ; to steer ; to regu- late the course or motion of a ship. — 5. In grammar, to require to be in a particular case. GoV'ERN, V. i. 1. To exercise authority ; to administer the laws. 2. To maintain the superiority ; to have the control. GoV'ERN- A-BLE, a. That may be governed, or subjected to authority ; controllable ; manageable ; obedient ; sub- missive to law or rule. Locke. GoV'ERN-ANCE, n. Government ; exercise of authority ; direction ; control ; management. Shak. GoV'ERN-ANT, n. [Fr. gouvernante.] A lady who has the care and management of young females ; a govern- ess. Governed, pp. Directed; regulated by authority ; con- trolled ; managed ; influenced ; restrained. GoV'ERN-ESS, 7!. A female invested with authority to control and direct ; a tutoress ; an instructress ; a woman who has the care of instructing and directing young la- dies. GoV'ERN-ING, ppr. 1. Directing ; controlling ; regulating by laws or edicts; managing; influencing; restraining 2. a. Holding the superiority ; prevalent. 3. Directing , controlling ; as, a governing motive. GoV'ERN-MENT, 7;. 1. Direction ; regulation. 2 Con- trol ; restraint. 3. The exercise of authority ; direction and restraint exercised over the actions of men ; the ad- ministration of public affairs. 4. The exercise of authority by a parent or householder. 5. The system of polity in a state ; that form of fundamental rules and principles by which a nation or state is governed. 6. An empire, king- dom or state ; any tc3rritory over which the right of sove- • See Synopsis. M5VE, BOOK, DO VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH • TH as in this, f Obsolete GRA 384 GRA reignty is extended. 7. The right of governing or admin- istering the laws. 8. The persons or council which ad- minister the laws of a kingdom or state j executive power. 9. Manageableness ; compliance; obsequiousness. 10. Regularity of behavior; [obs.] 11. Management of the limbs or body ; [obs.] — 12. In grammar, the influence of a word in regard to construction, as when established usage requires that one word should cause another to be in a particular case or mode. G6V-EKN-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to government; made by government. Hamilton. G6V'ERN-0R, n. 1. He that governs, rules or directs; one invested with supreme authority. 2. One who is invest- ed with supreme authority to administer or enforce the laws. 3. A tutor ; one who has ihe care of a young man. 4. A pilot ; one who steers a ship. 5. One possessing del- egated authority. G6V'ERN-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a governor. GOW'AN, n. A plant, a species of bellis or daisy. GOWD, n. A gaud; a toy. GOWIC. See Gawk, 1;G0WK,v,t. Tostupify. B. Johnson. t GOWL, V. i. [Icel. goela.l To howl. Wickliffe. GOWN, n. [W. g-ww.J 1. A woman's upper garment. 2. A long loose, upper, garmert or robe, worn by professional men. 3. A long, loose, upper garment, worn in sickness, &;c. 4. The dress of peace, or the civil magistracy. GOWNED, a. Dressed in a gown. Dryden. GO WN'MAN, 71. 1. One whose professional habit is a gown. 2. One devoted to the arts of peace. Rowe. GOZ ZARD, n. [a corruption of gooseherd.] One who at- tends geese G riAB, 71. A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two or three masts. Diet. GRAB. V. t. [Dan. greb.] To seize ; to gripe suddenly. i Vulgar.] AB'BLE, V. i. [dim. of grab ; D. grabbelen.] 1. To grope ; to feel with the hands. 2. To lie prostrate on the belly ; to sprawl. GRAB'BLING , ppr. Groping; feeling along ; sprawling. GRACE, ?i. [Fr. grace; It. gratia; S^. gracia.] 1. Favor; gocd-will ; kindness ; disposition to oblige another. 2. Appropriately, the free, unmerited love and favor of God. 3. Favorable influence of God ; divine influence. 4. The application of Christ's righteousness to the sinner. 5. A state of reconciliation to God. 6. Virtuous or religious affection ur disposition. 7. Spiritual instruction, improve- men; and edification. 8. Apostleship, or the qualifications of an apostle. 9. Eternal life ; final salvation. 10. Favor ; mercy; pardon. 11. Favor confen-ed. ID. Privilege. 13. That, in manner, deportment or language, which ren- ders it appropriate and agreeable \, suitableness ; elegance with ^p;^Topriate dignity. 14. Natural or acquired excel- lence. 15. Beauty; embellishment; in general , wh.s.tever adorns and recommends to favor; sometimes, a single beauty. 16. Beauty deified ; among pagans, a goddess. 17. Virtue physical, [not used.] 18. The title of a duke or an archbishop, and formerly of the king of England, meaning your goodness or clemency. 19. A short prayer before or after meat. — 20. In music, graces signifies turns, trills and shakes introduced for embellishment. — Day of grace, m theology, time of probation. — Days of grace, in commerce, the days immediately following the day when a bill or note becomes due, which days are allowed to the debtor or payor to make payment in. GRACE, V. t. 1. To adorn ; to decorate ; to embellish and dignify. 2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor ; to honor. 3 To favor ; to honor. 4. To supply with heaven- ly grace. GRaCE'CUP, n. The cup or health drank after grace. Prior. GRACED;;;^. 1. Adorned ; embellished ; exalted ; dignified ; honored. 2. a. Beautiful ; graceful ; [obs.] 3. Virtuous ; ■ regular ; chaste ; [obs.] GRaCE'FUL, a. Beautiful with dignity ; elegant ; agreea- ble in appearance, with an expression of dignity or eleva- tion of mind or manner. GRaCE'FUL-LY, ady. With a pleasing dignity ; elegantly; with a natural ease and propriety. GRaCE'FUL-NESS, 71. Elegance "of manner or deportment ; beauty with dignity in manner, motion or countenance. GRaCE'LESS, a. Void of grace ; coiTupt ; depraved ; un- regenerale ; unsanctified. GRaCE'LESS-LY, adv. Without grace. GRaCE'LESS-NESS, 71. Want of grace ; profligacy. Dr. Favour. GRa'CES, 71. Oood graces, favor ; friendship. t GRAC'ILE, a. fL. gracilis.] Slender. r '];RAC'I-LENT,- a. [L. gracilentus.] Lean. Diet. t GRA-CIL'I-TY, 71. Slenderness. GRa'CIOUS, a. [Fr. gracieuz ; L. gratiosus.] 1. Favora- ble ; kind ; friendly. 2. Favorable ; kind ; benevolent ; merciful ; disposed to forgive offenses and impart unmerit- ed blessings. 3. Favorable ; expressing kindness and favor. 4. Proceeding from divine grace. 5. Accepta- ble ; favored. 6. Renewed or implanted by grace. 7. Virtuous ; good. 8. Excellent ; graceful ; becoming ; [obs. \ GRa'CIOUS-I.Y, adv. 1. Kindly ; favorably ; in a friendly manner; with kind condescension. 2. In a pleasing manner. GRa'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Kind condescension. 2. Posses- sion of graces or good qualities. 3. Pleasing manner. 4. Mercifulness. GRA0KLE, n. [L. gracvlus.] A genus of birds. GRA-Da'TION, n. [L. gradatio ; Fr. gradation.] 1. A se- ries of ascending steps or degrees, or a proceeding step by step ; hence, progress from one degree or state to another; a regular advance from step to step, 2. A degree in any order or series. 3. Order ; series ; regular process by de- grees or steps. GRAD'A-TO-RY, a. Proceeding step by step. Seward. GRAD'A-TO-RY, n. Steps from the cloisters into.the church. Ainsworth. GRADE, 71. [Sax. grade, grad; Fi. grade; Sp., It. grado ; from L, gradus.] 1, A degree or rank in order or dignity, civil, military or ecclesiastical. Si?- TV. Scott. R. Southey. 2. A step or degree in any ascending series. S. S. Smith GRaDE'LY, adv. Well; handsomely; decently; orderly. Craven dialect. GRADE'LY, a. Decent ; orderly. Cheshire. GRa'DI-ENT, a. [li. gradiens.] Moving by steps; walk- ing. Wilkins. GRAD'U-AL, a. [Fr. graduel.] 1. Proceeding by steps or degrees ; advancing step by step ; passing from one step to anotlier ; regular and slow. 2. Proceeding by degrees in a descending line or progress. GRAD'U-AL, 71. 1. An order of steps. Dryden. 2. A grail; an ancient book of hymns and prayers. Todd. GRAD'U-AL-LY, for food or drink ; ravenous ; voracious ; very hungry. 2 Having a keen desire of any thing ; eager to obtain. GREED' Y-GUT, 71. A glutton; a devourer ; a belly-god. Cot^rave. GREEK, a. Pertaining to Greece. GREEK, n. 1. A native of Greece. 2. The language of Greece. — Oreek-fire, a combustible composition, the con- stituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with nitre and sulphur. GREEK'ISH, a. Peculiar to Greece. Milton. GREEK'LING, n. An inferior Greek writer. GREEK'ROSE, n.. The flower campion. GREEN, a. [Sax. o-reTJC.] 1. Being of the color of herbage and plants when growing, a color composed of blue and yellow rays ; verdant. 2. New ; fresh ; recent. 3. Fresh ; flourishing ; undecayed. 4. Containing its natural juices ; not dry ; not seasoned. 5. Not roasted ; half raw. 6. Un- ripe ; immature ; not arrived to perfection. 7. Irt.mature in age; young. 8. Pale; sickly; wan; of a greenish pale color. GREEN, 7?. 1. The color of growing plants ; a color com- posed of blue and yellow rays, which, mixed in different proportions, exhibit a variety of shades. 2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage. 3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants ; wreaths. 4. The leaves and stems of young plants used in cookery or dressed for food in the spring ; in the plural. JVew England. GREEN, V. t. To make green. Thomson. GREEN'BROOM, or GREEN'WEED, n. A plant of the genus genista. GREEN'CLOTH, n. A board or court of justice held in the counting-house of the British king's household, having cog- nizance of all matters of justice in the king's household. GREEN'-CoL-ORED, a. Pale ; sickly. Tourneur. GREEN'-€ROP, n. A crop of green vegetables, such as ar- tificial grasses, turneps, &;c. GREEN'-EARTH, n. A species of earth or mineral, so called • the mountain green of artists. Ure. GREEN'-EYED, a. Having green eyes. Shak. GREEN'FINCH, n. A bird of the gerwm fHngilla GREEN'FISH, n. A fish so called. Ainsworth. GREEN'GAGE, 7?.. A species of plum. GREEN'GRO-CER, 71. A retailer of greens. GREEN'H AIRED, a. Having green locks or hair. GREEN'HOOD, 71. A state of greenness. Chaucer. GREEN'HORN, n. A raw youth. GREEN'-HOUSE, n. A house in which tender plants are sheltered from the weather, and preserved green during the winter or cold weather. GREEN'ISH, a. Somewhat green ; having a tinge of green. J^ewton. GREEN'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being greenish. GREEN'LY, adv. With a green color; newly ; freshly ; im- maturely. GREEN'LY, a. Of a green color. Qascoigne. GREEN'NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being green ; viridity ♦ See Synor >i» MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete GRl 388 GRI 2. Immaturity ; unripeness. 3. Freshness ; vigor. 4. Newness. GREEN'-ROOM, n. A room, near the stage, to which actors retire, during the intervals of their parts in the play. GREEN'-SI€K-NESS, n. The chlorosis, a disease of maids, so called from the color it occasions in the face. GREEN-SI€K-NESSED, a. Having a sickly taste. Bp. Rundle. GREEN'-STALL, n. A stall on which greens are exposed GREEN'STONE, n. A rock of the trap formation. GREEN'-SWARD, n. Turf green with grass. GREEN WEED, n. Dyer's weed. GREEN'WOOD, n. Wood when green, as in summer. GREEN' w66d, a. Pertaining to a green wood. GREET, v.'t' [Sax. gretan, grettan.] 1. To address with expressions of kind wishes ; to salute in kindness and respect. 2. To address at meeting ; to address in any manner. 3. To congratulate. 4. To pay compliments at a distance ; to send kind wishes to. 5. To meet and ad- dress with kindness ; or to express kind wishes, accompa- nied with an embrace. 6. To meet. GREET, V. i. 1. To meet and salute. 2. To weep ; written by Spenser ^eit ; [obs.] GREET'ED, pp. Addressed with kind wishes; compli- mented. GREET'ER, n. One who greets. GREET'ING, ppr. Addressing with kind wishes or expres- sions of joy 3 complimenting ; congratulating ; saluting. GREET'ING, n. Expression of kindness or joy ; salutation at meeting ; compliment addressed from one absent. fGREEZE, n. [L. gresstis.] A step, or flight of steps. See Greece. GREF'FIER, n. [Fr.] A registrar, or recorder. GRe'GAL, a. [L. grex.] Pertaining to a flock. GRE-Ga'RI-AN, a. Belonging to a herd. GRE-Ga'RI-OUS, a. [L. gregarius.] Having the habit of assembling or living m a flock or herd ; not habitually sol- itary or living alone. GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a flock or herd ; in a company. GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of living in ilocksor herds. GRE-Go'RI-AN, a. Denoting what belongs to Gregory. — The Oregorian calendar is one which shows the new and full moon, with the time of Easter, and the movable feasts depending thereon, by means of epacts. — The Gre- gorian year is the present year, as reformed by Pope Greg- ory XIII, in 1582 ; consisting of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 min- utes, 47 seconds, with an additional day every fourth year. fGREIT, V. i. [Goth, greitan.] To lament. Spenser. ■f GREITH, 2j. i. [Sax. gercedian.] To make ready. f GREITH, n. Goods ; furniture. Chaucer. GRe'MI-AL, a. [L. gremium.] Belonging to the lap or bosom. Diet. GRE-NaDE', n. [Sp. granada ; Fr. grenade.] In the art of war, a hollow ball or shell of iron or other metal, about two inches and a half in diameter, to be filled vs^ith pow- der, which is to be fired by means of a fusee, and thrown bv hand arnong enemies. GREN-A-DIeR', n. [from Fr. grenade.] 1. A foot soldier, wearing a high cap. 2. A fowl found in Angola, in Africa. GREN'A-TITE, n. Staurotide or staurolite, a mineral. GREW, pret. of grow. GREY. See Gray. GREY'HOUND, n. [Sax. grighund.] A tall, fleet dog, kept for the chase. GRICE, n. A little pig. GRID'DLE, n. [W. greidell.] A pan, broad and shallow, for baking cakes. GRIDE, V. t. [It. gridare.] To grate, or to cut with a grat- ing sound ; to cut ; to penetrate or pierce harshly. GPiID'E-LIN, n. [Fr. gris de lin.] A color mixed of white and red, or a gray violet, GRID'iR-ON, (grid'i-urn) n. [W. grediaic] A grated uten- sil Jbr broiling flesh and fish over coals. GRIEF, n. [D. grief; Fr. grief.] 1. The pain of mind pro- duced by loss, misfortune, injury or evils of any kind ; sorrow ; regret. 2. The pain of mind occasioned by our own misconduct ; sorrow or regret that we have done A^rong ; pain accompanying repentance. 3. Cause of sorrow ; that which afilicts. GRIeF'FUL, a. Full of grief or sorrow. Sackville. GRIeF'LESS, a. Sorrowless ; without grief. Huloet. GRIeF'SHOT, a. Pierced with grief. Shak. t GRJeV-A-BLE, a. Lamentable. Oower. GRIEVANCE, n. That which causes grief or uneasiness ; that which burdens, oppresses or injures, implying a sense of wrong done. GRIeVE, v. t. [D. grieven.] 1. To give pain of mind to ; to afflict 5 to wound the feelings. 2. To afflict ; to inflict pain on. 3. To make sorrowful ; to excite regret in. 4. To_oflend ; to displease ; to provoke. GRIeVE, v. i. To feel pain of mind or heart ; to be in pain on account of an evil ; to sorrow ; to mourn. GRIfVED, pp. Pained ; afflicted ; suffering sorrow GRIeV'ER, n. He or that which grieves. GRIEVING, ppr. 1. Giving pain; afflicting. 2. Sorrow- ing ; exercised with grief; mourning. GRIeVING-LY, adv. In sorrow ; sorrowfully. GRIEVOUS, a. 1. Heavy ; oppressive ; burdensome. 2. Afflictive ; painful ; hard to be borne. 3. Causing grief or sorrow. 4. Distressing. 5. Great; atrocious, 6. Ex- pressing great uneasiness. 7. Provoking ; offensive ; tending to irritate, 8, Hurtful ; destructive ; causing mischief. GRIeVOUS-LY, adv. 1. With pain ; painfully ; with great pain or distress. 2. With discontent, ill will or grief. 3. Calamitously ; miserably ; greatly ; with great uneasi- ness, distress or grief. 4. Atrociously. GRIeVOUS-NESS, 71. 1. Oppressiveness; weight that gives pain or distress. 2, Pain; affliction; calamity; dis- tress. 3. Greatness ; enormity ; atrociousness. GRIF'FON, 71, [Fr. griffon.] In the natural history of the ancients, an imaginary animal said to be generated be- tween the lion and eagle. It is represented with four legs, wings and a beak, the upper part resembling an eagle, and the lower part a lion. GRIF'FON-LIKE, a. Resembling a griffon. GRIG, 71. 1. A small eel ; the sand eel. 2, A merry crea- ture, 3, Health; [obs.] t GRILL, v.t. [Fi. griller.] To broil, t GRILL, a. Shaking with cold. Chaucer. GRIL-LaDE', n. Any thing broiled on the gridiron. t GRIL'LY, V. t. To harass, Hudibras. GRIM, a. [Sax. g9-ivi.] 1. Fierce : ferocious ; impressing terror ; frightful ; horrible. 2. Ugly ; ill-looking. 3 Sour ; crabbed ; peevish ; surly. ^ GRIM'-FaCED, a. Having a stern countenance. GRIM'-GRIN-NING, a. Grinning with a fierce counte- nance. Shak. GRIM'-VIS-AGED, a. Grim-faced. GRI-MaCE', 71. [Fr,] 1. A distortion of the countenance, from habit, affectation or insolence. 2. An air of affecta- tion. GRI-Ma'CED, (gre-maste') a. Distorted ; having a crabbed look. GRI-MAL'KIN, n. The name of an old cat. GRIME, 71. [Ice. gryma.] Foul matter ; dirt ; sullying blackness, deeply insinuated, GRIME, V. t. To sully or soil deeply ; to dirt, Shak. GRIM'LY, a. Having a hideous or stern look. Beaumont. GRIM'LY, adv. 1. Fiercely ; ferociously ; with a look of fuiy or ferocity. 2. Sourly ; sullenly, GRIM'NESS, 71, Fierceness of look ; sternness; crabbedness. GRi'MY, a. Full of grime ; foul. GRIN, V. i. [Sax. giinnian.] 1. To set the teeth together and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter or scorn. 2. To fix the teeth, as in anguish, GRIN, 71, The act of closing the teeth and showing them, or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth. t GRIN, n. A snare or trap. GRIN, V. t. To express by grinning. Milton. GRiND, V. t. ; pret, and pp, ground. [Sax, grindan.] 1. To break and reduce to fine particles or powder by friction ; to comminute by attrition ; to triturate, 2, To break and reduce to small pieces by the teeth. 3. To sharpen by rubbing or friction ; to wear off the substance of a me- tallic instrument, and reduce it to a sharp edge by the friction of a stone, 4. To make smooth ; to polish by friction, 5. To rub one against another. 6. To oppress by severe exactions ; to afflict cruelly ; to harass, 7. To crush in pieces ; to ruin. 8. To grate. GRIND, v.i. 1. To perform the operation of grinding ; to move a mill. 2. To be moved or rubbed together, as in the operation of grinding, 3. To be ground or pulverized by friction. 4. To be polished and made smooth by fric- tion. 5, To be sharpened by grinding, GRiND'ER, n. 1. One that grinds, or moves a mill. 2. The instrmnent of grinding, 3, A tooth that grinds or chews food ; a double tooth ; a jaw tooth, 4.The teeth in general. GRiND'ING, ppr, 1. Reducing to powder by friction ; triturating ; levigating ; chewing. 2. Making sharp ; making smooth or polishing by friction. GRIN'DLE-STONE. The same as grindstone. * GRiND-STONE, n. A sandstone used for grinding or sharpening tools. GRIN'NER, n. One that grins. Addison. GRIN'NING, ppr. Closing the teeth and showing them, as in laughter ; showing of the teeth. GRIN'NING-LY, adv. With a grinning laugh. t GRIP, n. The griffon. Sufc. GRIP, 71, [Dan. greb.] A grasp ; a holding fast. GRIP, 71. [D. groep.] A small ditch or furrow. t GRIP, V. t. To trench ; to drain. GRIPE, v.t. [Sax. grip an ; Goth, greipan.] 1, To seize, to grasp ; to catch with the hand, and to clasp closely with the fingers. 2, To hold fast ; to hold yvith the firi- Ser Synopsis. A, E, I, O tj, ^, long.— F^R, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY •,— PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete. GRO 389 GRO gers closely pressed. 3. To seize and hold fast in the arms ; to embrace closely. 4. To close the fingers ; to clutch. Pope. 5. To pinch ; to press ; to compress. 6. To give pain to the bowels. 7. To pinch ; to straiten j to distress. GRIPE, V. i. 1. To seize or catch by pinching; to get money by hard bargains or mean exactions. 2. To feel the colic. 3. To lie too clese to the wind, as a ship. fJRIPE, n. 1. Grasp ; seizure ; fast hold with the hand or paw, or with the arms. 2. Squeeze; pressure. 3. Op- pression; cruel exactions. 4. Affliction; pinching dis- tress ; as, the gripe of poverty. — 5. In seamen^s language, the fore-foot or piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore-end. — 6. Gripes, in the plural, distress of the bowels ; colic. — 7. Chipes, in seamen^s language, an as- semblage of ropes, dead-eyes and hooks, fastened to ring- bolts in the deck to secure the boats. GRiP'ER, n. One who gripes ; an oppressor ; an extortioner. GRiP'ING, ppr. Grasping ; seizing ; holding fast ; pinch- ing ; oppressing ; distressing the bowels. GRiP'ING, n. 1. A pinching or grasp; a distressing pain of the bowels ; colic. — 2. In seamen's language, the in- clination of a ship to run to the windward of her course. GRiFING-LY, adv. With a pain in the bowels. t GRIP'PLE, a. 1. Griping ; greedy ; covetous ; unfeeling. Spenser. 2. Grasping fast ; tenacious. Spenser. t GRIP'PLE-NESS, n. Covetousness. Up. Hall. t GRIS, n. [Fr. gris.] A kind of fur. Chaucer. t GRIS'AM-BER, used by JlJilton for ambergris. t GRISE, n. 1. A step, or scale of steps, [h.gressus. See Greece.] Shak. 2. A swine. t GRI-SETTE', (gre-zef) n. [Fr.] A tradesman's wife or daughter. Sterne. tGRIS'KIN, n. The spine of a hog. GRIS'LY, a. [Sax. grislic] Frightful; horrible; terrible. Dryden GRi'SONg (gre'sunz) n. Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss Alps. GRIST, n. [Sax. grist.] 1. Cojrn for giinding, or that which is ground at one time ; as much grain as is carried to the mill at one time, or the meal it produces. 2. Supply; provision. 3. Profit ; gain ; as in the phrase, it brings grist to the mill. GRIS'TLE, (gris'l) 71. [Sax. gristle.] A cartilage; a smooth, solid, elastic substance in animal bodies. GRIST'LY, (gris'ly) a. Consisting of gristle ; like gristle ; cartilaginous. Ray. GRIST'MILL, n. A mill for grinding grain. GRIT, n. [Sax. great, or gryt, grytta.] I. The coarse part of meal. 2. Oats hulled, or coarsely ground ; written, also, groats. 3. Sand or gravel ; rough, hard particles. 4. Sand- stone ; stone composed of particles of sand agglutinated. t GRITH, n. Agreement. Chaucer. GRIT'STONE. See Grit. GRIT'TI-NESS, n. The quality of containing grit or con- sisting of ^t, sand, or small, hard, rough particles of stone. GRIT'TY, a. Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; full of hard particles ; sandy. GRIZ'E-LIN. SeeGRiDELiN. GRIZ'ZLE, n. [Fr., Sp., FoTt. gris.] Gray; a gray color; a mixture of white and black. Shak. GRIZ'ZLED, a. Gray; of a mixed color. GRIZ'ZLY, a. Somewhat gray. Bacon. GRoAN, V. i. [Sax. granian, grunan.] 1. To breathe with a deep murmuring sound ; to utter a mournful voice, as in pain or sorrow. 2. To sigh ; to be oppressed or afflict- ed ; or to complain of oppression. GRoAN, n. 1. A deep, mournful sound, uttered in pain, sorrow or anguish. 2. Any low, rumbling sound. GRoAN'FUL, a. Sad ; inducing groans. Spenser. GRoAN'ING, ppr. Uttering a low, mournful sound. GRoAN'ING, 71. I. The act of groaning; lamentation; complaint ; a deep sound uttered in pain or sorrow. — 2. In huntino-, the cry or noise of the buck. GROAT, (g;rawt) n. [D. groot ; G. grot.] 1. An English money of account, equal to four pence 2, A proverbial name for a small sum. GROATS, (grawts) n. Oats that have the hulls taken ofl:". GROATS'-WoRTH, n. Th€ value of a groat. GRo'CER, 71. A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, coffee, liquors, fruits, &c. GRo'CER-Y, 71. 1. A grocer's store ; [local.] 2. The com- modities sold by grocers ; usually in the plural. GROES, 71. plu. Graves. JVorth of England. GROG, n. A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened. GROG'-BLOS-SOM, n. A rum bud ; a redness on the nose or face of men who drink ardent spirits to excess. GROG'DRINK-ER, n. One addicted to drinking grog. GROG'GY, a. 1. A groggy horse is one that bears wholly on his heels in trotting. Cyc. — 2. In vulgar language, tipsy ; intoxicated. GROG'RAM, ) n. [It. grossagrana.] A kind of stuflT made GROG RAN, i ofsilk and mohair. GROIN, 71. [Ice. and Goth, g-rcm. J 1. The depressed part of the human body between the belly and the thigh.— 2 Among builders, the angular curve made by the intersec- tion of two semi-cylinders or arches.— 3. [Fr. groin ; Gt. piv.] The snout or nose of a swine* t GROIN, ?'. i. To groan. Chaucer. GROM'WELL, or GROM'IL, n. A plant of the genus lithospermum. The German gromwell is the stellera. GROM'ET, ) 71. [Ai-m. gromm.] Among seamen, a ring GROM'MET, S foi-med of a strand of rope laid in three times round ; used to fasten the upper edge of a sail to its stay. GROOM, n. [qu. Flemish or Old D. grom ] 1. A boy or young nian ; a waiter ; a servant. 2. A man or boy who has the charge of horses ; one who takes care of horses or the stable.— 3. In England, an officer of the king's house- hold. GROOM, or GOOM, n. [Sax. and Goth, guma, a man ] A man recently marric.\ or one who is attending his pro posed spouse in order to be married ; used in composition, as in bridegroom, which see. GROOVE, (groov) 71. [Ice. groof] 1. A furrow, channel, or long hollow cut by a tool. — 2. Among miners, a shaft or pit sunk into the earth. GROOVE, V. t. [Sw. grhpa.] To cut a channel with an edged tool ; to furrow. GROOVER, n. A miner. [Local.] GROOVING, ppr. Cutting in channels. GROPE, V. i. [Sax, gropian, grapian.] 1. To feel along ; to search or attempt to find in the dark, or as a blind person, by feeling. 2. To seek blindly in intellectual darkness, without a certain guide or means of knowledge. GROPE, V. t. To search by feeling in the dark. GRoP'ER, 71. One who gropes ; one who feels his way in th_e dark, or searches by feeling. GRoP'ING, ppr. Feeling for something in darkness ; search- ing by feelmg. GROSS, a. [Fr. gros ; It., Port, grosso.] 1. Thick ; bulky ; particularly applied to animals ; fat ; corpulent. 2. Coarse ; rude; rough; not delicate. 3. Coarse, in a figurative sense ; rough ; mean ; particularly, vulgar ; obscene ; in- delicate. 4. Thick; large; opposed to ^tjc. 5. Impure; unrefined. 6. Great ; palpable. 7. Coarse ; large ; not delicate. 8. Thick ; dense ; not attenuated ; not refined or pure. 9. Unseemly ; enormous ; shameful ; great 10. Stupid; dull. 11. Whole; entire. GROSS, 7?. 1. The main body ; the chief part ; the bulk ; the mass. 2. The number of twelve dozen ; twelve times twelve. — In the gross, in gross, in the bulk, or the whole undivided ; all parts taken together. — By the gross, in a like sense. GRoSS'BkAK, n. A fowl of.the genus loxia. GRf2SS'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a thick skull ; stupid. GRoSS'LY, adv. 1. In bulky or large parts ; coarsely. 2. Greatly; palpably; enormously. 3. Greatly; shame- fully. 4. Coarsely; without refinement or delicafey. 5. Without art or skill. GRcSS'NESS, 71. 1. Thickness; bulkiness; corpulence; fatness. 2. Thickness; spissitude; density. 3. Coarse- ness ; rudeness ; want of refinement or delicacy ; vulgar ity. 4. Greatness ; enormity. GROSS'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to a gooseberry. GROSS'U-LAR, n. A rare mineral of the garnet kind, so named from its green color. GROT, or GROT'TO, n. [Fr. grotte ; It. grotta.] 1. A large cave or den ; a subterraneous cavern ; a natural cav,e or rent in the earth, Dryden. 2. A cave for coolness and refreshment, t GROT'TA. [It,] For grotto. Not used in English. GRO-TESQ,UE', ) a. [Fr. grotesque ; Sp., Port, gruiesco.] GRO-TESK', \ Wildly formed ; whimsical ; extrava- gant ; of iii-egular forms and proportions ; ludicrous antic, GRO-TESaUE', 71. Whimsical figures or scenery. GRO-TESaUE'LY, adv. In a fantastical manner. GROUND, n. [Sax., G,, Dan., Sw. grund.] 1. The sur- face of land or upper part of the earth, without reference to the materials which compose it. 2. Region"; territory. 3. Land; estate; possession. 4. The surface of the earth, or a floor or pavement. 5. Foundation ; that which sup- ports any thing. 6. Fundamental cause ; primary reason or original principle. 7. First principles. — 8. In painting, the surface on which a figure or object is represented. — 9 In manufactures, the principal color, to which others are considered as ornamental. — 10, Grounds, plural, the bottom of liquors ; dregs ; lees ; feces ; as, coffee grounds. 11, The plain song ; the tune on which descants are raised. — 12. In etching, a gummous composition spread over the surface of the metal to be etched. 13. Field or place of action.— 14. In music, the name given to a com position in which the base, consisting of a few bars of in- dependent notes, is continually repeated to a continually varying melody. 15. The foil to set a thing oflf; [obs.] 16. Formerly, the pit of a play-house. B. Jonson.—To * Sea Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as .1 ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thif. f Ohsolef. GRO 390 GRU gain ground. 1. To advance ; to proceed forward in con- flict. 2. To gain credit 3 to prevail. — To lose ground. 1. To retire ; to retreat. 2. To lose credit ; to decline. — To give ground, to recede; to yield advantage. — To get ground, and to gather ground, are seldom used. GROUND, v.t. 1, To lay or set on the ground. 2. To found ; to fix or set, as on a foundation, cause, reason or principle. 3. To settle in first principles ; to fix firmly. GROUND, V. i. To run aground ; to strike the bottom and remain fixed. ■ GROUND, fret, and fp. of grind. GROUND' A6E. n. A tax paid by a ship for standing in port. GROUND'-ANG-LING, n. Fishing without a float, with a bullet placed a few inches from the hook. GROUND'-ASH, n. A sapling of ash ; a young shoot from the stump of an ash. Mortimer. GROUND'-BaIT, n. Bait for fish which sinks to the bottom of the water. Walton. GROUND'ED-LY, adv Upon firm principles. GROUND'-FLoOR, ?i..The first or lower floor of a house. But the English call the second floor from the ground the first floor. GROUND'-I-VY, n. A well-known plant. GROUND'LESS, a. 1. Wanting ground or foundation ; wanting cause or reason for support. 2. Not authorized ; false. GROUND'LESS-LY, adv. Without reason or cause. GROUND'LESS-NESS, n. Want of just cause, reason or authority for support. Tillotson. GROUND'LING, n. A fish that keeps at the bottom of the water ; hence, a low, vulgar person. Shak. ■j GROUND'LY, adv. Upon principles 5 solidly. Ascham. (JROUND'-NUT, n. A plant, the arachis. (JROUND'-OAK, 71. A sapling of oak. Mortimer. GROUND'-PINE, n. A plant, a species of iewcriM???,. GROUND'-PLATE, n. In architecture, the ground-plates are the outermost pieces of timber lying on or near the ground. GROUND'-PLOT, n. 1. The ground on which a building is placed. 2. The ichnography of a building. GROUND'-RENT, n. Rent paid for the privilege of build- ing on another man's land. Johnson. GROUND'-ROOM, n. A room on the ground; a lower room. Tatl'er. GROUND'SEL, ?i. A plant of the genus senecio, of several species. GROUND'SEL, ) n. [ground, and Sax. sylL] The timber GROUND'-SILL, \ of a building which lies next to the ground ; commonly called a sill, GROUND'-TA€-KLE, n. In ships, the ropes and furniture belonging to anchors. GROUND'WoRK, n. 1. The work which forms the foun- dation or support of any thing ; the basis ; the funda- mentals. 2. The ground ; that to which the rest are ad- ditional. 3. First principle ; original reason. GROUP, ) n. [It. groppo ; Fr. groupe.] 1. A cluster, crowd GROOP, \ or throng ; an assemblage ; a number collected witjiout any regular form or arrangement. — 2. In painting and sculpture, an assemblage of two or more figures of men, beasts or other things which have some relation to each other. GROUP, V. t. [Fr. grouper.'] To form a group ; to bring or place together in a cluster or knot; to form an assem- blage. GROUPED, pp. Formed or placed in a crowd. GRoUP'ING, ppr. Bringing together in a cluster or as- semblage. GRoUP'ING, 71. The art of composing or combining the ob- jects of a picture or piece of sculpture. GROUSE, 71. A heath-cock. GROUT, 71. [Sax. grut.] 1. Coarse meal ; pollard. 2. A kind of wild apple. 3. A thin, coarse mortar. 4. That which purges off. GROUT'NOL. See Growthead. GROVE, n. [Sax. grmf, graf.] 1. In gardening, a small wood or cluster of trees with a shaded avenue, or a wood impervious to the rays of the sun. 2. A wood of small extent.. — In America, the word is applied to a wood of natural growth in the field, as well as to planted trees in a garden. 3. Something resembling a wood or trees in a wood. GROVEL, (grov'l) v. i. [Ice. gruva.] 1. To creep on the earth, or with the face to the ground ; to lie prone, or move with the body prostrate on the earth ; to act in a prostrate posture. 2. To be low or mean. GROV'EL-ER, n. One who grovels ; an abject wretch. GROV'EL-ING, ppr. 1. Creeping ; moving on the ground. 2. a. Mean ; without dignity or elevation. GRoVY, a. Pertaining to a grove ; frequenting groves. GRoW, V. i. ; pret. greio : pp. srown. [Sax. growan.] 1. To enlarge in bulk or stiiture, by a natural, imperceptible addition of matter ; to vegetate, as plants, or to be aug- mented by natural process, as animals. 2. To be produ- ced by vegetation. 3. To increase ; to be augmented ; to wax. 4. To advance; to improve; to make progress 5. To advance ; to extend. 6. To come by degrees ; to become ; to reach any state. 7. To come forward ; to advance. 8. To be changed from one state to another to become. 9. To proceed, as from a cause or reason. 10. To accrue ; to come. 11. To swell ; to increase ; as, the wind grew to a tempest. — To grow out of, to issue from, as plants from the soil. — To grow up, to arrive at manhood, or to advance to full stature.— 2^o grow up, or to grow together, to close and adhere ; to become united by growth. GROW, V. t. To produce ; to raise ; as, a farmer grows large quantities of wheat. [This is a modern, abusive use of grow ] GROWER, n. 1. One who grows ; that which increases. — 2._In English use, one who raises or produces. GROWING, ppr. Increasing ; advancing in size or extent ; becoming ; accruing ; swelling ; thriving. GROWL, V. i. [Gr. ypu'Wr/-] To murmur or snarl, as a dog ; to utter an angry, grumbling sound. GROWL, V. t. To express by growling. Thomson. GROWL, 71. The murmur of a cross dog. GROWL'ER, 71. A snarling cur ; a grumbler. GROWL'ING, ppr. Grumbling; snarling. GRoWN, pp. of grow. 1. Advanced; increased ingrowth. 2. Having arrived at full size or stature.— Grown over, covered by the growth of any thing ; overgrown. t GROWSE, V. i. [Sax. agrisan.] To shiver ; to have chills. GROWTH, 71. 1. The gradual increase of animal and vege- table bodies. 2. Product ; produce ; that which has grown. 3. Production ; any thing produced. 4. Increase in number, bulk or frequency. 5. Increase in extent or prevalence. 6. Advancement ; progress ; improvement. GROWT'HEAD, )%. 1. A kmd of fish. 2. A lazy person ; GROWT'NOL, \ a lubber; [oJs.] GRUB, V. i. [Goth, graban.] To dig ; to be occupied in dig- ging- GRUB, V. t. To dig ; mostly followed by up.— To grub up, is to dig up by the roots with an instrument ; to root out by digging. GRUB, n. 1. A small worm ; particularly, a hexaped or six- footed worm, produced from the egg of the beetle. 2. A short, thick man ; a dwarf, in contempt. GRUB'AXE, 71. A tool used in grubbing up weeds, and the like. GRUB'BER, V. One who grubs up shrubs, &c. GRUB'BING-HoE, n. An instrument for digging up trees, shrubs, &c. by the roots ; a mattoc. GRUB'BLE, V. i. [G. grvbeln.} To feel in the dark : to grovel. [Mt much used.] Dryden. GRUB'STREET, n. Originally, the name of a street near Moorfields, in London, much inhabited by mean writers ; hence, applied to mean writings ; as, a Grub-street poem. Johnson . GRUD6E, V. t. [W. griDg.] 1. To be discontented at an- other's enjoyments or advantages ; to envy one the pos- session or happiness which we desire for ourselves. 2. To give or take unwillingly. GRUDGE, ?;. j". 1. To murmur; to repine; to complain. 2. To be unwilling or reluctant. 3. To be envious. 4. To wish in secret ; [06s.] 5. To feel compunction ; to grieve ; [obs.] GRUDGE,"?!. 1. Sullen malice or malevolence ; ill-will ; se- cret enmity ; hatred. 2. Unwillingness to benefit. 3. Remoi"se of conscience ; [obs ] t GRUDG'EONS, 71. ^Zm. Coarse meal. Beaumont. GRUDG'ER, n. One that grudges ; a murmurer. GRUDG'ING, ppr. Envying ; being uneasy at another's possession of something which we have a desire to pos- sess. GRUDG'ING, n. I. Uneasiness at the possession of some- thing by another. 2. Reluctance ; also, a secret wish or desire; [obs.] 3. A symptom of disease ; [obs.] GRUDG'ING-LY, adv. Unwillingly; with reluctance or discontent. GRu'EL, 77. [W. grual.] A kind of light food made by boiling meal in water. GRUFF, a. [D. grof; W. gruf.] Of a rough or stern countenance; sour; surly; severe; rugged; harsh. GRUFF'LY, adv. Roughly ; sternly ; ruggedly ; harshly. GRUFF'NESS, n. Roughness of countenance ; sternness. GRUM, a. [Dan. grum.] I. Morose ; severe of counte- nance ; sour ; surly. 2. Low ; deep in the throat ; guttu- ral ; rumbling. GRUM'BLE, v. i. [D. grommelen, grommen ; Sax. gryme- tan.] 1. To murmur with discontent; to utter a low voice by way of complaint. 2. To growl ; to snarl. 3. To rumble ; "to roar ; to make a harsh and heavy sound. GRUM'BLER, n. One who grumbles or murmurs ; one who complains ; a discontented man. GRUM'BLING, ppr. Murmuring through discontent ; rum- bling ; growling. GRUM'BLING, n. A mmmuring through discontent ; a rumbling. See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, ts, "?, long.—FAB.^ FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY 5— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. GUA 391 GUI 5RUM'BLING^LY, adv. With grumbling or complaint, GRUME,??. [Fr. grmneau.] A thick, viscid consistence of a fluid; a clot, as of blocd, &c. GRUM'LY, adv. Morosely ; with a sullen countenance. GRuM'OUS, a. Thick ; concreted ; clotted. GRuM'OUS-NESS, n. A state of being concreted. GRUN'DEL, n. The fish called a groundling. GRUND'SEL, See Groundsel. Milton. GRUNT, V. i. [Dan. grynter.] To murmur like a hog ; to utter a sliort groan, or a deep guttural sound. GRUNT, n. A deep guttural sound, as of a hog. GRUNT'ER, n. 1. One that grunts. 2. A fish. GRUNT'ING, ppr. Uttering the murmuring or guttural sound of swine or other animals. GRUNT'ING, n. The guttural sound of swine and other animals. t GRUNT'ING-LY, adv. Murmuringly ; mutteringly Sher- wood. GRUN'TLE, V. i. To grunt. [JTot much used.] GRUNT'LING, n. A young hog. GRUTCH, for grudge, is now vulgar, and not to be used. GRY, n. [Gr. ypv.'] 1. A measure containing one tenth of a line. 2. Any thing very small or of little value. GRYPIi'ITE, n. [L. gryphites.'] Crowstone. *GUAIA'eUM, (gua'ciim) ?i. Zio-7mm mi^?, or pock wood ; a tree produced in the warm climates of America. GUAI-a'VA, n. An American fruit. Miller. See Guava. GUA'N^A, n. A species of lizard, found in America. GUA-Nii.'€0, n. The lama, or camel of South America. GUA 'NO, n. A substance found on many isles in the Pa- cific, which are frequented by fowls ; used as a manure. GTJa'RA, n. A bird of Brazil, the ta7itaZM5?-ii&e?-. GUAR-AN-TEE', n. A waiTantor. See Guaranty. GUAR'AN-TIED, (gar'an-tid) pp. Warranted. GUAR'AN-TOR, (gar'an-tor) n. A warrantor ; one who engages to see that the stipulations of another are per- formed. GUAR'AN-TY, (gar'an-ty) v. t. [Fr. garantir.] 1. To warrant ; to make sure ; to undertake or engage that an- other person shall perform what he has stipulated. 2. To undertake to secure to anotiier, at all events. 3. To in- demnify ; to save harmless. GUAR'AN-TY, (gar'an-ty) 7i. [Fr. garant ; Sp. garantia.] 1. An undertaking or engagement by a third person or party, that the stipulations of a treaty shall be observ- ed by the contracting parties or by one of them. 2. One who binds himself to see the stipulations of another per- formed ; written also, guarantee. GUARD, (gard) v. t. [Fr. garder.] 1. To secure against injury, loss or attack; to protect ; to defend; to keep in safety. 2. To secure against objections or the attacks of malevolence. 3. To accompany and protect ; to accompany for protection. 4. To adorn with lists, laces or orna- ments; [obs.] 5. Togud; to fasten by binding. GUARD, (gard) v. i. To watch by way of caution or de- fense ; to be cautious ; to be in a state of defense or safety. GUARD, n. [Fr. garde.] 1. Defense ; preservation or se- curity against injury, loss or attack. 2. That which se- cures against attack or injury ; that which defends. 3. A man or body of men occupied in presei-ving a person or place from attack or injury. 4. A state of caution or vig- ilance ; or the act of observing Avhat passes in order to prevent surprise or attack ; care ; attention ; v/atch ; heed. 5. That which secures against objections or censure ; caution of expression. 6. Part of the hilt of a sword, which protects the hand. — 7. In fencing, a posture of de- fense. 8. An ornamental lace, hem or border ; [065.] — Advanced-guard, or van-guard, in military affairs, a body of troops, either horse or foot, that march before an army or division, to prevent surprise, or give notice of dan- ger. — Rear-guard, a body of troops that march in the rear of an army or division, for its protection. — Life-guard, a body of select troops, whose duty is to defend the person of a prince or other officer. GUaRD'-BoAT, n. A boat appointed to row the rounds among ships of war in a harbor, to observe that their offi- cers keep a good look-out. GUARD'-CHaM-BER, n. A guard-room. GUARD'-ROOM, n. A room for the accommodation of guards. GUARD'-SHIP, n. A vessel of war appointed to superin- tend the marine affairs in a harbor. GUARD'A-BLE, a. That may be protected. fGUARD'AGE, n. Wardship. Shak. GUARD' ANT, a. 1. Acting as guardian ; [o&s.]— 2. Inher- aldnj, having the face turned toward the spectator t GUARD'ANT, n. A guardian. Shak. GUARD'ED, pp. 1. Defended ; protected ; accompanied by a guard. 2. a. Cautious ; cucumspect. 3. Framed or uttered with caution. GUARD'ED-LY, adv. With circumspection. GUARD'ED-NESS, n. Caution ; circumspection. GUARD'ER, n. One that guards. GUARD'FUL, a. Wary ; cautir/us. GUARD'I-AN, n. [Fr. gardien ; Sp. guardian.] 1. A war den ; one who guards, preserves or secures ; one to whom any thing is committed.— 2. In law, one who is chosen or appointed to take charge of the estate and education of an orphan. — Guardian of the spiritualities, the person to whom the spiritual jurisdiction of a diocese is intmsted, during the vacancy of the see. GUARD'I-AN, a. Protecting; performing the office ol a protector. t GUARD'I-AN-ESS, n. A female guardian. Beaumont. GUARD'I-AN-SHIP, n. The office of a guardian ; prote& tion ; care ; watch. GUARD'ING, ppr. Defending ; protecting ; securing ; at tending for protection. GUARD'LESS, a. Without a guard or defense. GUARD'SHIP, n. Care ; protection. [Little used.] t GUA'RISH, V. t. [Fr. gucrir.] To heal. Spenser. GUa'RY-MiR'A-€LE, ?t '~ ---- - play [Corn, guare-mirkl.] A miracle- GUA' YA, n. An American tree and its fruit. t Gu'BER-NATE, v. t. [L. guherno.] To govern. GU-BER-Na'TION, 71. [L. gubernatio.] Government ; mle; direction. [Little used.] Watts. GU'BER-NA-TlVE, a. Governing. Chaucer. GU-BER-NA-To'Rl-AL, a. [L. gubemmtor.] Pertaining to government, or to a governor. GUD'GEON, (gud'jin) n. [Fr. goujon.] 1. A small fish, easily caught, and hence, 2. A person easily cheated or insnared. Swift. 3. A bait ; allurement. 4. An iron pin on which a wheel turns. — Sea-gudgeon, the black goby or rock-fish. GUELF, ) n. The Ouelfs, so called from the name of a GUELPH, \ family, composed a faction formerly, in Ita- ^Yi opposed to the Gibelines. t GUER'DON, (ger'don) n. [Fr.] A rev/ard ; requital ; rec- ompense. Milton. t GUER'DON, V. t. To reward. B. Jonson. t GUER'DON- A-BLE, a. Worthy of reward. Sir 6. Buck. t GUER'DON-LESS, a. Unrecompensed. Chaucei-. GUESS, (ges) V. t. [D. gissen ; Sw. gissa.] 1. To con- jecture ; to form an opinion without certain principles or means of knowledge. Pope. 2. To judge or form an opin- ion from some reasons that render a thing probable, but fall short of sufficient evidence. 3. To hit upon by acci- dent. GUESS, V. i. To conjecture ; to judge at random. GUESS, n. Conjecture ; judgment without any certain evi- dence or grounds. Dryden. GUESSED, pp. Conjectured ;_ divined. GUESS'ER, n. One who guesses ; a conjecturer ; one who judges without certain knowledge. GUESS'ING, ppr. Conjecturing ; judging without certain evidence, or grounds of opinion. GUESS'ING-LY, adv. By way of conjecture. GUEST, (gest) n. [Sax. gest.] 1. A stranger; one who comes from a distance, and takes lodgings at a place. 2. A visitor ; a stranger or friend, entertained in the house or at the table of another. t GUEST, V. i. To be entertained in the house or at the ta- ble of another. GUEST'-CHaM-BER, n. An apartment appropriated to the entertainment of guests. GUEST'-RITE, n. Office due to a guest. Chapman. GUEST'-ROPE, ) n. A rope to tow with, or to make fast a GUESS'-ROPE, S boat. Mar. Diet. GUEST'WiSE, adv. In the manner of a guest. GUG'GLE. See Gurgle. GUHR, n. A loose, earthy deposit from water. GUiD'A-BLE, a. That may be guided or governed by counsel. Sprat. GUiD'AGE, n. The reward given to a guide for services [Little used.] GUlD'ANCE, n. The act of guiding ; direction ; govern- ment ; a leading. GUIDE, (gide) v. t. [Fr. guider.] 1. To lead or direct in a way ; to conduct in a course or path. 2. To direct ; to order. 3. To influence ; to give direction to. 4. To in- struct and direct. 5. To direct ; to regulate and manage ; to superintend. GUlDE, n. [Fr. guide.] 1. A person who leads or directs another in his way or course ; a conductor. 2. One who directs another in his conduct or course of life. 3. A di- rector ; a regulator ; that which leads or conducts. GUiD'ED, pp. Led ; conducted ; directed In the way ; in- structed and directed. GUiDE'LESS, a. Destitute of a guide ; wanting a director. Dryden. GUiDE'PoST, n. A post at the forks of a road for directing travelers the way. GUlD'ER, n. A guide ; one who guides or directs. t GUiD'ER-ESS, n. She who guides or directs. Caxton. GUiD'ING, ppr. Leading ; conducting ; directing superin- tending. ^ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE — € as K ; G as J ; ffi as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete GUL 392 GUN GUi'DON, n. [Fr.] The flag or standard of a troop of cav- alry ; or the standard-bearer. Lunier. GUILD, (gild) n. [Sax. geld, g-ield, gild, or gyld.] In Eng- land, a society, fraternity or company, associated for some purpose, particularly for carrying on commeice. Hence the name Oidld-liall, the great court of judicature in London. GUILD'A-BLE, a. Liable to a tax. Spelman. GUILD'ER. See Gilder. GUILE, (gile) n. [qu. Old Fr. guille, OT gille.] Craft ; cun- ning ; artifice ; duplicity ; deceit. f GUlLE, V t. To disguise craftily. Spenser. t GUlLED, a. Treacherous ; deceiving. Shak. GUlLE'FjJL, a. 1. Cunning; crafty; artful; wily; de- ceitful ; insidious. 2. Treacherous ; deceitful. 3, Intend- ed to deceive. GUlLE'FjJL-LY, adv. Artfully; insidiously; treacher- ously. GUlLE'FUL-NESS, n. Deceit ; secret treachery. GUlLE'LESS, a. Free from guile or deceit ; artless ; frank ; sincere; honest. GUlLE'LESS-NESS, n. Simplicity ; freedom from guile. GUiL'ER, n. One who betrays into danger by insidious arts. Spenser. GUIL'LE-MOT, n. [W. gvnlawg.} A water fowl. GUIL'LO-TtNE, (gil'lo-teen) n. [Fr.,from the name of the inventor.] An engine or machine for beheading persons GUIL-LO-TINE', (gil-lo-teen') v. t. To behead with the guillotine. GUILLS, n. A plant, the corn marigold. GUILT, (gilt) n. [Sax. gylt.] 1. Criminality; that state of a moral agent which results from his actual commis- sion of a crime or offense, knowing it to be a crime, or violation of law. 2. Criminality in a political or civil view ; exposure to forfeiture or other penalty 3. Crime ; offense. fGUILT'I-LlKE, a(Z«. Guilty. SJiak. GUILT'I-LY, adv. In a manner to incur guilt ; not inno- cently. Shak. GUILT'I-NESS, n. The state of being guilty ; wickedness ; criminality ; guilt. Sidney. GUILT'LESS, a. 1. Free from guilt, crime or offense ; in- nocent. 2. Not produced by the slaughter of animals. GUILT'LESS-LY, adv. Without guilt ; innocently. GUILT'LESS-NESS, n. Innocence ; freedom from guilt or crime. Sidney. GUILT'-SI€K, a. Diseased in consequence of guilt. GUILT'Y, (gilt'y) a. [Sax. ^yltig.] 1. Criminal ; having knowingly committed a crime or offense. 2. Wicked ; corrupt ; sinful. 3. Conscious. GUIN'EA, (gin'ny) n. [from Guinea, in Africa, which abounds with gold.] Formerly, a gold coin of Great Britain of the value of twenty-one shillings sterling. GUIN'EA-DROP-PER, n. One who cheats by dropping guineas. GUIN'EA-HEN, n. The JSTamida meleagris, a fowl of the gallinaceous order, a native of Africa. GUIN'EA-PEP'PER, n. A plant, the capsicum. GUIN'EA- PIG, n. In zoology, a quadruped of the genus cavia or cavy, found in Brazil. GUIN'IAD, or GWIN'IAD, n. [W. gwen, gwyn.] The whiting, a fish of the salmon or trout kind. GUlSE, gize) n. [Fr. guise.] 1. External appearance; dress; garb. 2. Manner; mien; cast of behavior. 3. Custom ; mode ; practice. GUlS'ER, (giz'er) n. A person in disguise ; a mummer who goes about at Christmas. Eng. GUIT-AR', (git-ar') n. [Fr. guitare.] A stringed instrument of music. GtJ'LA, or Go'LA, n. An ogee or wavy member in a building ; the cymatium. Gu'LAUND, n. An aquatic fowl. Pennant. fGULCH, K. [D. gulzig.] A glutton; a swallowing. •f GULCH, V. t. To swallow greedily. GULCH'IN. The same as gulch. GULES, n. [Fr. gueules.] In heraldry, a term denoting red. Encyc. GULF, n. [Fr. golfe : It., Sp., Port, golfo.] I. A recess in the ocean from the general line of the shore into the land, or a tract of water extending from the ocean or a sea into the land, between two points or promontories ; a large bay. 2. An abyss ; a deep place in the earth. 3. A whirlpool ; an absorbing eddy. 4. Any thing insatia- ble. GULF-IN-DENT'ED, a. Indented with gulfs. GULF'Y, a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs. GULL, v. t. [D. kullen.] To deceive; to cheat; to mislead by deception ; to trick ; to defraud. GULL, TO. 1. A cheating or cheat ; trick; fraud. Shak. 2. One easily cheated. Shak. GULL, n. [W. gwylan.] A marine fowl. GULL CATCH-ER, n. A cheat ; a man who cheats or en- traps silly people. Shak. GULLED, pp. Cheated ; deceived ; defrauded. GULL'ER, n. A cheat ; an impostor. t GULL'ER-Y, n. Cheat. Burton. GUL'LET, n. [Fr. goulet, goulot.] 1. The passage in the neck of an animal by which food and liquor are taken in- to the stomach ; the esophagus. 2. A stream or lake [obs.] GUL-LI-BIL'I-TY, n. Credulity, [.a low word.] GUL'LIED, pp. Having a hollow worn by water. fGULL'ISH, a Foolish ; stupid. t GULL'ISH-NESS, w. Foolishness ; stupidity. GUL'LY, 71. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a current of water. Mitford. Hawkesworth. GUL'LY, V. t. To wear a hollow channel in the earth. Jim eric a. t GUL'LY. V. I. To run with noise. GUL'LY-GUT, n. [L. gulo.] A glutton. Barret. GUL'LY-HOLE, n. An opening where gutters empty their contents into the subterraneous sewer. GU-LOS'I-TY, 7^. [L. gulosus.] Greediness; voracity; ex- cessive appetite for food. [Little used.] Brown. GULP, 7). f. [D. gulpen.] To swallow eagerly or in large draughts. Oay. — To gulp up, to throw up from the throat or stomach ; to disgorge. GULP, n. A swallow, or as much as is swallowed at once 2. A disgorging. GULPH. See Gulf. GUM, n. [Sax. goma.\ The hard, fleshy substance of the jaws which invests the teeth. GUM, n. [Sax. goma ; L. gunimi.] The mucilage of vege- tables : a concrete juice which exsudes through the bark of trees. — Gum-elastic, or elastic-gum, [caoutchouc,^ is a singular substance, obtained from a tree in America by incision. GUM, V. t. 1. To smear with gum. 2. To unite by a vis- cous substance. GUM-AR'A-BIC, n. A gum which flows from the acacia, in Arabia, Egypt, &c. GUM'-BOIL, n. A boil on the gum. GUM'LAC, n. The produce of an insect, which deposits its eggs on the branches of a tree called bihar. GUM'-RES-IN, n. A mixed juice of plants. GUM-SEN'E-GAL, n. A gum resembling gum-arabic. GUM-TSAG'A-€ANTH, n. The gum of a thorny shrub of that name, in Crete, Asia and Greece. GUM'MI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being gummy ; viscousness. 2. Accumulation of gum. GUM-MOS'I-TY, n. The nature of gum; gumminess ; a viscous or adhesive quality. Floyer. GUM'MOUS, a. Of the nature or quality of gum ; viscous; adhesive. Woodward. GUM'MY, a. 1. Consisting of gum ; of the nature of gum ; viscous; adhesive. 2. Productive of gum. 3. Coverec* with gum or viscous matter. GUMP, n. [Dan. and Sw. gump.] A foolish person ; a dolt [Vulgar.] GUMP'TION, n. [Sax. gymene.] Care ; skiU ; understand- ing. [Vulvar.] GUN, n. [W. gwn ; Corn, gun.] An instrument consisting of a barrel oftube of irrn or other metal, fixed in a stock, from which balls, shot or other deadly weapons are dis- charged by the explosion of gunpowder. The larger spe- cies of guns are called cannon ; and the smaller species are called muskets, carbines, fowling-pieces, &c. t GUN, V. i. To shoot. GUN'-BAR-REL, n. The barrel or tube of a gun. GUN'BoAT, n. A boat or small vessel fitted to carry a gun or two at the bow. Mar. Diet. GUN'-CAR-RIAGE, n. A wheel-carriage for bearing and moving cannon. GUN'NEL. See Gunwale. GUN'NER, n. One skilled in the use of guns ; a cannonier ; an officer appointed to manage artillery. GUN'NER-Y, n. The act of charging, directing and firing guns, as cannon, mortars and the like. GUN'NING, n The act of hunting or shooting game with a gun. GUN'POW-DER, n. A composition of saltpetre, sulphur and charcoal, mixed and reduced to a fine powder, then granulated and dried. It is used in artillery, in shoot- ing game, in blasting rocks, &c. , GUN'ROOM, n. In slaps, an apartment orcupied by the gunner, or by the lieutenants as a mess-room. GUN'SHOT, n. The distance of the point-blank range of a cannon-shot. Mar. Diet. GUN'SHOT, a. Made by the shot of a gun. GUN'SMITH, n. A maker of small fire-arms. GUN'SMITH-ER-Y, n. The business of a gunsmith ; the art of making small fire-arms. GUN'STICK, n. A rammer, or ramrod ; a stick or rod to ram down the charge of a musket, &c. GUN'STOCK, n. The stock or wood in which the barrel of a gun is fixed. GUN'STONE, n. A stone used for the shot of cannon. ♦ See Synopsis A, E, T, S, X5, •?, long.—FH-R, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— HN. MARifNE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. GUT 393 GYV GlTN'TAe-KLE, n. The tackle used on board of ships to run the guns out of the ports. GUN'WALE, or GUN'NEL, n. The Upper edge of a ship's side ; the uppermost wale of a ship. GURCfE, 71. [h. ffurges.l A whirlpool. [Little used.] fGURGE, V. t. To swallow. f GUR'GION, n. The coarser part of meal separated from the bran. Hollinsked. GUR'GLE, V. i. [It. gorgogliare.] To run as liquor with a purling noise ; to run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy- current. GURG'LING, ppr. Running or flowing with a purling sound. GUR'HO-FITE, n. A subvariety of magnesian carbonate of lime. GUR'NARD, or GUR'NET, n. [Ir. guirnead.] A fish. GUR'RAH, n. A kind of plain, coarse, India muslin, GUSH, V. i. [Ir. gaisim.] 1. To issue with violence and rapidity, as a fluid ; to rush forth as a fluid from confine- ment. 2. To flow copiously. GUSH, V. t. To emit in copious eff"usion. Dryden. GUSH, n. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an in- closed place ; the fluid thus emitted. GUSH'ING, ppr. 1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid j flowing copiously. 2. Emitting copiously. GUS'SET, n. [Fr. gousset.] A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment for the purpose of strengthening or enlarging some part. GUST, n. [L. gustus ; It., Sp gusto.] 1. Taste ; tasting, or the sense of tasting. More generally, the pleasure of tasting ; relish. 2. Sensual enjoyment. Dryden. 3. Pleas- ure ; amusement j gratification. 4. Turn of fancy 5 intel- lectual taste. GUST, V. t. To taste ; to have a relish. [Little iised.] GUST, n. [Dan. gust.] 1. A sudden squall ; a violent blast of wind. 2. A sudden, violent burst of passion. GUST'A-BLE, a. I. That may be tasted; tastable. 2. Pleasant to the taste. [Little used.] Derham. f GUST'A-BLE, n. Any thing that may be tasted ; an eat- able. GUS-Ta'TION, n. The act of tasting. [Little used.] GUST'FIJL, a. Tasteful ; well-tasted ; that relishes. GUST'FUL-NESS, n. Relish ; pleasantness to the taste. GUST'LESS, a. Tasteless. Brown. GUST'O, n. [It. and Sp.] 1. Relish ; that which excites pleasant sensationb in the palate or tongue. 2. Intellect- ual taste ; [little used,] GUST'Y, a. Subject to sudden blasts of wind; stormy; tempestuous. Shak. GUT, 71. [G.kuttel.] I. The intestinal canal of an animal ; a pipe or tube extending, with many circumvolutions, from the pylorus to the vent. 2. The stomach ; the re- ceptacle of food ; [low.] 3. Gluttony ; love of gormandiz- ing ; [low.] GUT, V. t. 1. To take out the bovvels ; to eviscerate. 2. to plunder of contents. GUT'TA SE-Re'NA. In medicine, amaurosis ; blindness occasioned by a diseased retina. GUT'TA-TED, a. [L. gutta.] Besprinkled with drops. Diet. GUT'TED, pp. Deprived of the bowels; eviscerated; de- prived of contents. GUT'.TER, n. [Fr. gouttiere.] I. A channel for water ; a hollow piece of timber, or a pipe, for catching and convey- ing ofl" the water which drops from the eaves of a build- ing. 2. A channel or passage for water ; a hollow in the earth for conveying water. GUT'TER, V. t. To cut or form into small hollows. GUT'TER, V. i. 1. To be hollowed or channeled. 2. To run or sweat as a candle ; [local.] t GUT'TLE, 7;. t. To sw^Wow. L^ Estrange. fGUT'TLE, V. i. To swallow greedily. GUT'TLER, 71. A greedy eater. GUT'TU-LOUS, a. [L. guttula.] In the form of a small drop or of small drops. [Little v^ed.] GUT'TU-RAL, a. [Fr. guttural.] Pertaining to the throat ; formed in the throat. GUT'TU-RAL, n. A letter pronounced in the throat, as the Greek X' GUT"TU-RAL-LY, adv. In a guttural manner; in the throat. GUT'TU-RAL-NESS, n. The quality of being guttural. jGUT'TU-RINE, a. Pertaining to the throat. Ray. GUT'TY, a. [from L. gutta.] In heraldry, charged or sprinkled with drops. Encyc. GUT'WORT, n. A plant. GU"?, (gi) n. [Sp., Port, gvia.] In marine affairs, a rope used to keep a heavy body steady while hoisting or low- ering. . GUZ'ZLE, V. i. To swallow liquor greedily; to drink much ; to drink frequently. GUZ'ZLE, V. t. To swallow much or often ; to swallow with immoderate gust. Dryden. GUZ'ZLE, n. An insatiable thing or person. GUZ'ZLER, 71. One who guzzles ; an immoderate drinker G^BE, 71. A sneer. See Gibe. 6"? BE, V. t. In seamen's language, to shift a boom-sail from one side of a vessel to the other. GyB'ING, ppr. Shifting a boom-sail from one side of a ves- sel to the other. fGYE, v.t. To guide. Chaucer. * GYM-Na'SI-UM, n. [Gr. yvpvaffiov.] In Greece, a place where athletic exercises were performed. Hence, a place of exercise, a school. * 6YM-NAS'TI€, a. [L. gymnasticus.] Pertaining to athletic exercises of the body, intended for health, de- fense or diversion, as running, leaping, wrestling, throw- ing the discus, the javelin or the hoop, playing with balls, &c. * GYM-NAS'TI€, n. Athletic exercise. * GYM-NAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a gymnastic manner; athletically. Brown. * GYM-NAS'TI€S, n. The gymnastic art; the art of per- forming athletic exercises. *GYM'NI€, a. [L. gymnicus.] 1. Pertaining to atWetic exercises of the body. 2. Performing athletic exer- cises. * GYM'Nie, 71. Athletic exercise. * GYM'NI-€AL, a. [Gr. yvuviKog.] Pertaining to athletic exercises. 6YM-NOS-0-PHIST,7i. [Gr. yvp.vos and ffo^tor?/?.] A phi- losopher of India, so called from his going with bare feet, or with little clothing. GYM.N0S'-0-PHY,7z. The doctrines of the Gymnosophists Good. GYM'NO-SPERM, n. [Gr. yv[xvos and anspna.] In botany, a plant that bears naked seeds. GYM-NO-SPERM'OUS, a. Having naked seeds. tGYN, V. t. To begin. GY-N^'CIAN, a. [Gr. yvvaiKos, genitive ofyvvr;.] Relat- ing to women. 6Y-N^-0€'RA-CY, n. [Gr. yvvrj and Kparos.] Govern- ment over which a woman may preside. GY-NAN'DER, n. [Gr. yvvrj and avrjp.] In botany, a plant whose stamens are inserted ill the pistil. GY-NAN'DRI-AN, a. Having stamens inserted in the pis- til. 6YN'AR-€HY, n. [Gr. yvvij and ap^ij.] Government by a female. Chesterfield. 6Y-NP:-€0€'RA-CY, h. [Gr. yvvaiKOKparca.] Petticoat gov- ernment ; female power. GYPSE, 71. [Fr. gypse.] A kind of stone. Pocokc. GYP'SE-OUS, a. Of the nature of gypsum ; partaking of the qualities of gypsum. ll^lf^'jSeeGiPS.r. GYP'SUM, 71. [L.] Plaster-stone ; sulphate of lime ; a min- eral not unfrequently found in crystals, often in amor- phous masses, and which is of great use in agriculture and the arts. Gy'RAL, a. Whirling; moving in a circular form. GY-RA'TIOiN[, n. [L. gyratio.] A turning or whirling round ; a circular motion. JYewton. Gyre, n. [L. gyi-us.] a circular motion, or a circle de- scribed by a moving body ; a turn. Gyre, v. t. To turn round. Bp. Hall. Gyred, a. Failing in rings. Shak. 6YR'FAL-€0N, n. [Fr. gerfault.] A species of falco or hawk. See * Falcon. GfRO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yvpog and fxavreia- ] A kind of divination performed by walking round in a circle or ring. * GyVE, 71. [W gevyn.] Gyves are fetters or shackles for the legs. Gyve, v. t. To fetter ; to shackle ; to chain. Shak. * Ses Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DdVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete HAC 394 HAG H, His the eighth letter of the English Alphabet. It is not strictly a vowel, nor an articulation, but the mark of a stronger breathing than that which precedes the utter- ance of any other letter. It is pronounced with an expi- ration of breath, which, preceding a vowel, is perceptible by the ear at a considerable distance. Thus, harm and arm, hear and ear, heat and eat, are distinguished at al- most any distance at which the voice can be heard. In English, h is sometimes mute, as in honor, honest; also vrhen united with g, as in right, fight, brought. In which, what, who, whom, and some other words in which it fol- lows w, it is pronounced before it, hiDich, hwat, &c. WA. An exclamation, denoting surprise, joy or grief. With the first or long sound of a, it is used as a question, and is equivalent to " What do you say ?" When repeated, ha, ha, it is an expression of laughter. HA, V. i. To express surprise ; to hesitate. HAAK, n. A fish. Ainsworth. Ha'BE-AS €0R'PUS. [L. have the body.] A writ for de- livering a person from false imprisonment, or for remov- ing a person fi-um one court to another, &c. HAB'ER-DASH-ER, n. A seller of small wares. HAB'ER-DASH-EK-Y, n. The goods and wares sold by a haberdasher. HAB'ER-DiNE, n. A dried salt cod. Ainsworth. HA-BER'6E-0N, n. [Fr. haubergeon.] A coat of mail or armor to defend tlie neck and breast. t HAB'ILE, a. Fit 5 proper. Spenser. HA-BII/I-MENT, ?i. [Ft. habillement.] A garment; cloth- ing ; usually in the plural, habiliments. t HA-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. hahiliter.] To qualify. t HA-BIL-I-Ta'TION, ?i. Qualification. Bacon. HA-BIL'I-TY. See Ability. HAB'IT, n. [Fr. habit ; Sp. habito.] 1. Garb ; dress ; clothes or garments in general. 2. A coat worn by ladies over other garments. 3. State of any thing, implying some continuance or permanence ; temperament or partic- ular state of a body. 4. A disposition or condition of the mind or body, acquked by custom or a frequent repetition of the same act. HAB'IT, V. t. To dress ; to clothe ; to array. tHAB'IT, V. i. To dwell; to inhabit. Chaucer. HAB'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. habitabilis.] That may be in- habited or dwelt in ; capable of sustaining human beings. HAB'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of being inhabited. HAB'I-TA-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be habitable. Foi-syth. t HAB'I-TANCE, n. Dwelling .; abode ; residence. HAB I-TAN-CY, 71. Legal settlement or inhabitancy. HAB'I-TANT, n. [Fr. ; L. habitans.'] An inhabitant ; a dweller ; a resident ; one who has a permanent abode in a place. Pope. HAB'I-TAT, 71. Habitation. Flemimr. HAE-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L,. habitatio.] I. Act of inhabiting ; state of dwelling. 2. Place of abode ; a settled dwelling ; a mansion ; a house or other place in which man or any animal dwells. t IIAB'I-TA-TOR, 71. [L.] A dweller ; an inhabitant. HAB'IT-ED, a. 1. Clothed; dressed. 2. Accustomed; [not usual. '\ HA BIT'U-AL, a. [Fr. habituel.] 1. Formed or acquired by habit, frequent use or custom. 2. Customary ; ac- cording to habit. 3. Foi-med by repeated impressions; rendered permanent by continued causes. HA-BIT'U-AL-LY, adv. By habit; customarily; by fre- quent practice or use. UA-BIT'U-ATE, v. t. [Fr. habituer.] 1. To accustom ; to make familiar by frequent use or practice. 2. To settle as an inhabitant in a place. Temple. HA-BIT'U-ATE, a. 1.' Inveterate by custom. Hammond. •2. Formed by habit Temple. H A-BIT'U- A-TED, pp. Accustomed ; made familiar by use. H A-BIT'TJ-A-TING, ppr. Accustoming ; making easy and familiar by practice. UAB'I-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. habitudo,'] 1. Relation; re- spect; state with regard to something else ; [little used.'] South. 2. Frequent intercourse ; familiarity ; [not usual.} 3. Customary manner or mode of life; repetition of the same acts. 4. Custom ; habit. Dryden. I Ha'BLE, a. [L. habilis.} Fit ; proper. Spenser. See Able. HAB'NAB, adv. [hap ne hap.] At random; by chance; without order or rule. Hudibras. HACK, V. t. [Sax. haccan ; D. hakken.] 1. To cut irregu- larlv and into small pieces ; to notch ; to mangle by re- peated strokes of a cutting instrument. 2. To speak with stops or catches ; to speak with hesitation. HA€K, n. A notch ; a cut. Shak. HACK, 7j. 1 A horse kept for hure ; a horse much used m draught or in hard service ; any thing exposed to hire o? used in common ; [from hackney.] 2. A coach or other carriage kept for hire ; [from hackney.] 3. Hesitating or faltering speech. 4. A rack for feeding cattle ; [local.] HACK, a. Hired. Wakefi,eld. HACK, V. i. 1. To be exposed or offered to common use for hire ; to turn prostitute. 2. To make an effort to raise phlegm See Hawk. HACKED, pp. Chopped ; mangled HACK'ING, ppr. Chopping into small pieces; mangling; mauling. HACKLE, -B. f. [G. hecheln.] 1. To comb flax or hemp; to separate the coarse part of these substances from the fine. 2. To tear asunder. Burke. HACKLE, n. 1. A hatchel. [ The latter word is used in the U. States.] 2. Raw silk ; any flimsy substance un- spun. 3. A fly for angling, dressed with feathers or silk. HACK'LY, a. Rough; broken as if hacked. — Inmineralo- gil, having fine, short and sharp points on the surface. HACK'MA-TACK, n. A name of the red larch. HACK']\EY, 71. [Ft. haquenee ; Sp. hacanea.] 1. A pad; a nag ; a pony. 2. A horse kept for hire ; a horse much used. 3. A coach or other carriage kept for hire, and oft- en exposed in the streets of cities. The word is some- tunes contracted to hack. 4. Any thing much used or used in common ; a hireling ; a prostitute. HACK'NEY, a. 1. Let out for hire ; devoted to common use. 2. Prostitute; vicious for hire. 3. Much used; common ; trite. HACK'NEY, V. t. 1. To use much; to practice in one thing ; to make trite. 2. To carry in a hackney-coach. HACK'NEY-COACH. See Hackney. HACK'NEY-CoACH'MAN, n. A man who drives ahack- ne}'-coach. HACK'NEYED, pp. I. Used much or in common. 2. Practiced ; accustomed. HACK'NEY-ING, ppr. Using much ; accustoming. HACK'NEY-MAN, n. A man who lets horses and carriages for hire. Barret. t HACK'STER, n. A bully ; a ruffian or assassin. tHACaUE-TON, 71. [Fr. hoqueton.] A stuffed jacket. HAD, prct. and pp. of have. HAD-I-WIST'. A proverbial expression. Oh that I had known .' t HAD'DER, 71. [G. heide.] Heath. See Heath, HAD'DOCK, 71. [Ir. codog.] A fish. HADE, n. Among miners, the steep descent of a shaft. — In mining, the inclination or deviation from the vertical of a mineral vein. HAF'FLE, u.i. To speak unintelligibly ; to waver; to pre- varicate. HAFT, n. [Sax. haft.] A handle ; that part of an instru- ment or vessel which is taken into the hand. HAFT, V. t. To set in a haft ; to furnish with a handle. fHAFT'ER, 7?. [W. hafiaw.] Acaviler; a wrangler. HAG, 71. [Sax. hcEgessc] 1. An ugly old woman. 2. A witch ; a sorceress ; an enchantress. 3. A fury ; a she- monster. 4. A cartilaginous fish. 5. Appearances of light and fire on horses' manes or men's hair were former- ly called hags. 'H.AG,v.t. 1. To harass; to torment. BwfZer. 2. To tire ; to weary with vexation. RAG,v.t. [a corruption of /tacfe.] To cut down. Craven dialect. HAG'BORN, a. Bom of a hag or witch. Shak. HAG'GARD, ) a. [G. hager.] 1. Literally, having a rag- HAG'ARD, S gefi look, as if hacked or gashed. Hence, lean ; meager ; rough ; having eyes sunk in their orbits '; ugly. 2. WUd ; fierce ; intractable. HAG'GARD, n. 1. Any thing wild and intractable. 2. A species of hawk. 3. A hag. HAG'GARD, n. [Sax. haga.] A stack-yard. HAG'GARD-LY, adv. In a haggard or ugly manner; with deformity. Dryden. HAG'GED, a. Lean ; ugly ; like a hag. Bray. HAG'GESS, 71. 1. A mess of meat, generally pork, chop- ped and inclosed in a membrane. 2. A sheep's head and pluck minced. Entick. HAG'GLE, V. t. [W. hag.] To cut into small pieces ; to notch or cut in an unskilful manner ; to make rough by cutting; to mangle. HAG'GLE, V. i. To be difficult in bargaining ; to hesitate and cavil. See Higgle. HAG'GLED, pp. Cut irregularly into notches ; made rough by cutting ; mangled. * See Synopsis A,fl,l,C>,VY,long — FAR, FALL WHAT ;— PREY ;—PlN, MARINE, BIRD ;— ^Obsolete. HAL 395 HAL HAG'GLER, n. 1. One who haggles. 9. One who cavils, hesitates and makes difficulty in bargaining. HAG'GLING, ppr. Hacking ; mangling ; caviling and hesi- tating in bargaining. HAGHES, or HAGUES, n. plu. [Teut. haegh.] Haws. Grose. HAG-I-OG'EA-PHAL, a. Pertaining to hagiography, which HAG J-OG'HA-PHER, n. A writer of holy or sacred books. HAG-I-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ayios and ypacpri ; L. hagiog- rapha.] Sacred writings. HAG'ISH, a. Of the nature of a hag ; deformed j ugly ; hor- rid. Shak. HAG'-RID-DEN, a. Afflicted with the night-mare. HAG'SHIP, n. The state or title of a hag or witch. HAGUE'BUT. See ARCiUEBUsE. HAH. An exclamation expressing surprise or effort. HAIL, n. [Sax. hccgel, or hagel.'j Masses of ice or frozen vapor, falling from the clouds m showers or storms. HAIL, V. i. To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapors. HAIL, V. t. To pour. Shak. HAIL, c. [Sax. hal.] Sound; whole; healthy. [In this sense, it is usually written hale.] HAIL. An exclamation, or rather a verb in the imperative mode, being the adjective hail, used as a verb. Hail, be well ; be in health ; health to you ; a term of salutation. HAIL, n. A Wish of health ; a salutation. Milton. HAIL, V. t. To call ; to call to a person at a distance, to ar- rest his attention. HaILED, pp. Called to from a distance; accosted. HaIL'ING, ppr. 1. Saluting; calling to from a distance. 2._ Pouring down hail. t HaIL'SHOT, 71. Small shot which scatter like hailstones. HAlL'STOi^E, n. A single massof ice falling from a cloud. Dryden. HaIL'Y, a. Consisting of hail. Pope. HaIN'OUS, a. [Fi. huineux.] Sec Heinous. HAIR, n. [Sax. hair.] 1. A small filament issuing from the skin of an animal, and from a bulbous root. 2. The collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming an integument or covering. 3. Any thing very small or fine ; or a very small distance; the breadth of a hair. 4, A trifling value. 5. Course ; order ; grain ; the hair falling in a certain direction ; [obs.] 6. Long, straight and distinct filaments on the surface of plants ; a species of down or pubescence. HAIR'BELL, n. A plant, a species of hyacinth. HAIR'-BRAINED. See Hare-brained. HAIR'-BREADTH, n. The diameter or breadth of a hair ; a very small distance. HAIR'CLOTH, n. Stuff or cloth made of hair; or in part with hair. HAIRED, a. Having hair. Purckas. HAIR'HUNG, a. Hanging by a hair. Young. HAIR'LACE, n. A fillet for tying up the hair of the head, HAIR'LESS, a. Destitute of hair ; bald. S/iak. HAIR'I-NESS, n. [from hairy.] The state of abounding or being covered with hair. Johnson. HAlS'pm^"^^^' j '*• ^ pi" ^^^^ i" dressing the hair. HAIR'POW-DER, n. A fine powder of flour for sprinkling the hair of the head. HAIR'-SALT, n. [G. haar-sah.] A mixture of the sul- phates of magnesia and iron. HAIR' Worm, n. A genus of worms. HAIR'Y, a. I. Overgrown with hair ; covered with hair ; abounding with hair. 2. Consisting of hair. 3. Resem- bling hair; of the nature of hair. HAKE, n. A kind offish, the gadus merlucius. HAKE, V. i. To sneak ; to loiter ; to go about idly. Grose. HAK'OT, 71. A fish. Ainsworth. HAL, in some names, signifies hall. HAL'BERD, n. [Fr. hallebarde.] A military weapon, con- sisting of a pole or shaft of wood, having a head armed with a steel point, with a cross-piece of steel. HAL-BER-DIeR' n. One whojs armed with a halberd. *HAL'CYON, (hjil'shun) n. [L. halcyon.] The name an- ciently given to the king-fisher, otherwise called alcedo ; a bird that was said to lay her eggs in nests, on rocks near the sea, during the calm weather about the winter sol- stice. * HAL'CYON, a. Calm ; quiet ; peaceful ; undisturbed ; hap- py. Halcyon days were seven days before and as many after the winter solstice, when the weather was calm. Hence, by halcyon days are now understood days of peace .ifid tranquillity, i IIAL-CY-O'NI-AN, a. Halcyon; calm. Sheldon. HALE, a. [Sax. /laL] Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not impaired. See Hail. t HALE, 71. Welfare. Spenser. * HALE, (hawl) v. t. [Sw. hala ,- Fr. haler.] To pull or draw with force ; to drag. This is now more generally written and pronounced haul. See Haul. HALF, (haf) n. ; plu. Halves, (havz). [Sax. h alf, or he alf.] One equal part of a thing which is divided into two parts ; a moiety. HALF, (haf) v. t. To divide into halves. See Halve. HALF, adv. In part, or in an equal part or degree. HALF'-BLoOD, n. Relation between persons born of the same father or of the same mother, but not of both. The word is sometimes used as an adjective. HALF'-BL60D-ED, a. 1. Mean ; degenerate ; \little used ] 2. Proceeding from a male and female, each of full blood, but of different breeds. HALF'-BRED, a. Mixed ; mongrel ; mean. HALF'-€AP, n. A cap not wholly put on. HALI''-DEAD, a. Almost dead ; nearly exhausted. jHALF'EN, a._ Wanting half its due qualities. Spenser. j- HALF'EN-DeAL, adv. [Teut. halfdeel.] Nearly half. Spenser. HALF'ER, n. One that possesses half only. 2. A male fal- low deer gelded. HALF'-FaCED, a. Showing only part of the face, HALF'-HATCHED, a. Imperfectly hatched. HALF'-HE ARD, a. Imperfectly heard ; not heard to the end. HALF'-LEARNED, a. Imperfectly learned. South. HALF'-LOST, a. Nearly lost. Milton. HALF'-MARK, n. A coin ; a noble, or 6s. 8d. sterling. HALF'-MOON, n. 1. The moon at the quarters, when half its disk appears illuminated. 2. Any thing in the shape of a half moon. — In fortification, an outwork com- posed of two faces, forming a salient angle, whose gorge is in the form of a crescent or half-moon. HALF'-PART, n. An equal part. Shak. HALF'-PaY, n. Half the amount of wages or salary ; as, an officer retires on half-pay HALF'-PaY, a. Receiving or entitled to half-pay. * HALF'-PEN-NY, (hap'pen-ny, or ha'pen-ny)n. A copper coin of the value of half a penny ; also, the value of half a penny. It is used in the plural. * HALF'-PEN-NY, a. Of the price or value of half a penny. *HALF'-PEN-NY- Worth, n. The value of a half-penny- HALF'-PlKE, n. 1. A small pike carried by officers. 2. A smallpike used in boarding ships. Mar. Diet. HALF'-PiNT, n. The half of a pint or fourth of a quart Pope. HALF'-SEAD, a. Superficially informed by reading. Dry- den. HALI^'-S€HOL-AR, n. One imperfectly learned. HALF'-SeAS o'VER. a low expression denoting half- drunk. HALF'-SiGHT'ED, a. Seeing imperfectly ; having weak discernment. Bacon. HALF'-SPHeRE, n. A hemisphere. B. Jonson. HALF'-STARVED, a. Almost stai-ved. HALF'-STRaINED, a. Half-bred ; imperfect. HALF'-SWoRD, n. Within half the length of a sword ; close fight. Shak. HALF'- WAY, adv. In the middle ; at half the distance. HALF'-WaY, a. Equally distant from the extremes ; as, a half-way house. HALF'-y/IT, n. A foolish person ; a dolt ; a blockhead. HALF'-WIT-TED, a. Weak in intellect ; silly ; foolish. HAL'I-BUT, n. A fish of the genus pleuronectes. t HAL'I-DOM, n. [Sax. haligdome.] Adjuration by what is holy. Spenser. HAL'I-MASS, n. [Sax. halig, and mass.] The feast of All- Souls. HAL'ING. See Hauling. t HA-LIT'U-OUS, a. [L. halitus.] Like breath ; vaporous. Boyle. HALL, n. [Sax. heal.] 1. In architecture, a large room at the entrance of a house or palace. 2. An edifice in which courts of justice are held ; as, Westminster Hall. 3. A manor-house, in which courts were formerly held. 4. A college, or large edifice belonging to a collegiate institu- tion. 5. A room for a corporation or public assembly ; as, a town-hall. 6. A collegiate body in the universities of Oxford and Cambridge. HAL-LE-Lti'JAH, ) ,, , , , , ( n. [Heb. m )h^r\ praise HAL-LE-LtJ'IAH, \ Mial-le-lu'ya) | j^ j^^ ^^ Jehovah ; improperly written hallelujah.] IPraise ye Jehovah ; give praise to God ; a word used in songs of praise,' as a noun, or as an exclamation. t HAL-LE-LU-JAT'IC, a. Denoting a song of thanksgiv- ing. HAL'LIARD, (hal'yard) n. A rope or tackle for hoisting or lowering a sail. Mar. Diet. HAL'LI-ER, m. A kind of net for catbhing birds. * HAL'LOO, V. i. [This seems to belong to the family of call ; Fr. haler.] To cry out ; to exclaim with a loud voice ; to call to by name, or by the word halloo. Sidney. HAL-LOO', V. t. 1. To encourage with shouts. 2. To chase with shouts. 3. To call or shout to HAL-LOO', an exclamation, used as a call to invite atten- tion. HAL'LOO-ING, ppr. Crying out; as a noun, a loud out- cry. * See Synopsis M5VE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. Obsolete HAM 396 HAN HAL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. haligan, or halgian.] 1. To make holy ; to consecrate ; to set apart for holy or religious use. 2. To devote to holy or religious exercises ; to treat as sa- cred. _ 3. To reverence ; to honor as sacred. HAL'LoWED, fp. Consecrated to a sacred use, or to re- ligious exercises ; treated as sacred ; reverenced. HAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Setting apart for sacred purposes ; consecrating devoting to religious exercises ; reverenc- ing. HAL'LoW-MAS, n. The feast of All-Souls. t HAL-LU'CI-NATE, v. i. [L. hallucinatus ] To stumble ; to blunder. HAL-LU-CI-Na'TION, n. [L. hallucinatio.] 1. Error ; blunder ; mistake. Addison. — 2. In medicine, faulty sense [dysmsthesia] or erroneous imagination. HALM, (hawm) n. [Sax. healm.] See Haum. Ha'LO, n. A circle appearing round the body of the sun, moon or stars, called also corona, or crown. HA'LOW, or HE'LOW, a. Shy ; awkward ; bashful. Grose. fHALSE, n. [Sax. hals.] The neck or throat. Chaucer. f HALSE, (hals) v. i. To embrace about the neck ; to ad- jure ; to greet. t HAL'SEN-ING, a. Sounding harshly in the throat or tongue. Careic. HALS'ER, (hawz'er) n. A large rope of a size between the cable and the tow-line. See Hawser. HALT, V. i. [Sax. healt.] 1. To stop in walking ; to hold. 2. To limp 5 that is, to stop with lameness. 3. To hesi- tate ; to stand in doubt whether to proceed, or what to do. 4. To fail ; to falter. HALT, V. t. To stop ; to cause to cease marching ; a mili- tary term. Waskington. HALT, a. [Sax. healt.] Lame ; that is, holding or stopping in walking. HALT, n. 1. A stopping ; a stop in marching. 2. The act of limping. HALT'ER, n. One who halts or limps. HALT'ER, 71. [G. halter.'] 1. A rope or strap and head- stall for leading or confining a horse. 2. A rope for hang- ing malefactors. 3. A strong cord or string. HALT'ER, V. t. To put a halter on. 2. To catch and hold, or to bind with a rope or cord. HALT'ING, ppr. Stopping ; limping. HALT'ING-LY, adv. With limping ; slowly. HALVE, (hav) v. t. [from half.] To divide into two equal parts. HALVED, a. In botany, hemispherical ; covering one side ; placed on one side. HALVES, (havz) n.; phi. of half. Two equal parts of a thing. — To cry halves., is to claim an equal share. — To go haloes, is to have an equal share. HAM [Sax. ham, a house] is our modern word home, [G. heim.] It is used in hamlet, and in the names of places, as in Walt-ham, wood-house, wait, a wood, and ham, a house. HAM, 71. [Sax. ham.] 1. The inner or hind part of the knee ; the inner angle of the joint which unites the thigh and the leg of an animal. 2. The thigh of a beast, partic- ularly of a hog, salted and dried in smoke. HAM'A-DRY-AD, n. [Gr. apia and ^prj.] A wood nymph. Spectator. HAM'ATE, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked ; entangled. HAM'A-TED, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked or set with hooks. Swift. t HAM'BLE, V. t. [Sax. hamelan.] To hamstring. HAME, 71.,- phi. Hames. [G. kummet.] A kind of collar for a draught horse. HAM'ITE, 77. The fossil remains of a curved shell. HAM'LET, n. [Sax. ham ; Fr. hameau.] A small village ; a little cluster of houses in the country. HAM'LET-ED, a. Accustomed to a hamlet, or to a country life. Feltham. HAM'MER, 7!. [Sax. hamer.] An instrument for driving nails, beating metals, and the like. HAM'MER, V. t. 1. To beat with a hammer. 2. To form or forge with a hammer; to shape by beating. 3. To work in the mind ; to contrive by intellectual labor. HAM'MER, V. i. I. To work ; to be busy ; to labor in con- trivance. 2. To be working or in agitation. HAM'MER-A-BLE, a. That may be shaped by a hammer. Sherwood. HAMMER-GLOTH, 71. The cloth which covers a coach- box. Pegge. HAM'MERED, pp. Beaten with a hammer. HAM'MER-ER, 71. One who works with a hammer. HAM'MER-HARD, 71. Iron or steel hardened by hammer- ing. Moxon. HaM'MER-ING, ppr. Beating with a hammer; working ; contriving. HAM'MER-MAN, n. One who beats or works with a ham- mer. HA]\I'MER-W6RT, 71. An herb. Todd. HAM'MITE. See Ammite. HAM'MOe, 71, [Sp. ftaTBflca.] A kind of hanging bed, sus, pended between trees or posts, or by hooks. HAM'OUS, [L. Immus.] Hooked ; having the end hooked or curved ; a term of botany. HAM'PER, 71. [contracted from hanaper.] 1. A large bas- ket Ibr conveying things to market, &c. 2. Fetters, or some instmment that shackles. HAM'PER, 75. t. 1. To shackle ; to entangle ; hence, to impede in motion or progress, or to render progress diffi- cult. Tillotson. 2. To insnare ; to inveigle ; to catch with allurements. 3. To tangle ; to render complicated. 4. To perplex ; to embarrass. HAM'PERED, pp. Shackled ; entangled ; insnared ; per- plexed. HAMTER-ING, ppr. Shackling ; entangling ; perplexing. HAM'STER, 71. [G. hamster.] A species of rat. HAM'STRING, 71. The tendons of the ham. Wiseman. HAM'STRING, v. t.; pret. and pp. hamstrung, ox hamstring- ed. To cut the tendons of the ham, and thus to lame or disable. HAN, for have, in the plural. Spenser. HAN'A-PER, 71. [Norm, hanap.] The hanaper was a kind of basket used in early days by the kings of England, for holding and carrying with them their money, as they journeyed from place to place. t HANCE, HAUNCE, for enhance. See Enhance. HAN'CES, 77. phi. [L. ansa.] 1. In architecture, the ends of elliptical arches. — 2. In a ship, falls of the fife-rails placed on balusters on the poop and quarter-deck down to the gangway. HAND, n. [Sax. hand, hond ; G. and D. hand.] 1. In man^ the extremity of the arm, consisting of the palm and fin- gers, connected with the arm at the wrist. — 2. In falcon- ry, the foot of a hawk ; and, in the manege, the fore-foot of a horse. 3. A measure of four inches ; a palm. 4. Side ; part ; right or left ; as, on the one hand or the other. 5. Act ; deed ; performance ; external action ; that is, the effect for the cause, the hand being the instrument of ac- tion. 6. Power of performance ; skill. 7. Power of making or producing. 8. Manner of acting or perform- ance. 9. Agency ; part in performing or executing. 10. Conveyance ; agency in transmitting. 11. Possession ; power. 12. The cards held at a game ; hence, a game. 13. That which performs the office of the hand nr of a finger in pointing. 14. A person ; an agent ; a man em- ployed in agency or sei-vice. 15. Form of writing ; style of penmanship. 16. Agency; service; ministry. At hand. 1. Near ; either jpresent and within reach, or not far distant. 2. Near in time ; not distant. — Li hand. 1. present payment ; in respect to the receiver. 2. Ln a state of execution, — Gn hand. 1. In present possession. 2. Under one's care or management. — Of)' hand, without delay, hesitation or difficulty ; immediately ; dextrously; without previous preparation. — Otit of hand, ready pay- ment ; with regard to the payer. — To fiis hand, to my hand. Sec, in readiness ; already prepared ; ready to be receiv- ed. — Under his hand, under her hand, &c., with the proper writing or signature of the name, — Hand over head, negli- gently ; rashly ; without seeing what one does. Bacon. — Hand over Jmnd, by passing the hands alternately one be- fore or above another, as to climb hand over hand ; also, rapidly, as to come up with a chase hand over hand ; used by seamen. Mar. Diet. — Hand to hand, in close union ; close fight. — Hand in hand, in union ; conjointly ; united- ly, — Tu join hand in hand, is to unite efforts and act in con- cert. — Hand in hand, fit ; pat ; suitable. — Hand to mouth. To live from -hand to mouth, is to obtain food and other necessaries as want requires. — To bear a hand, to hasten ; a seaman's phrase. — To be liand and glove, to be intimate and familiar. — To set the hand to, to engage in ; to under- take. — To take in hand, to attempt; to undertake. — To have a hand in, to be concerned in ; to have a part or con- cern in doing ; to have an agency in. — To put the last hand or finishing hand to, to complete; to perfect, — To change hands, to change sid«s ; to shift, — A heavy hand, severity or oppression, — A light hand, gentleness ; moder- ation, — A strict hand, severe discipline ; rigorous govern- ment, — Hands off, a vulgar phrase for keep off, forbear, — To wash the hands, to profess innocence. — To kiss the hand, imports adoration,-^ To lean on the hand, imports familiar- ity. — To strike hands, to make a contract, or to become surety for another's debt or good behavior. — Putting the hand under the thigh was an ancient ceremony used in swearing. — To give the hand, is to make a covenant with one, or to unite with him in design. — Clean hands de- notes innocence and a blameless and holy life. Ps. xxiv. — A slack hand denotes idleness ; carelessness ; sloth. — The right hand denotes power; strength. HAND, V. t. 1. To give or transmit .with the hand. 2. To lead, guide and lift with the hand ; to conduct. 3. To manage. 4. To seize ; to lay hands on ; [not used.] — 5. In seamanship, to furl; to wrap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay or mast, and fasten it with gaskets. — To hand * See Synopsis. A E I O, tj, ■?, long.— FKTi, FALL, WHAT :— PREY ;— PTN, MARINE, BtRD ;— t Obsolete. HAN 397 HAN down, to tremsmit in succession, as from fatlier to son, or from predecessor to successor. I HAND, V. i. To go hand in liand ; to cooperate with. HAND'BALLjW. An ancient game with a ball. HAND'BAR-RoW, n. A barrow or vehicle borne by the hands of men and without a wheel. HAND'BASK-ET, n. A small or portable basket. IIAND'BELL, n. A small bell rung by the hand ; a table bell. Bacon. HAND'BoW, n. A bow managed by the hand. HAND'BREADTH, ?i, A space equal to the breadth of the hand ; a palm. Ex. xxv. HAND'€LOTH, n. A handkerchief. HAND'€UFF, n. [Sax. handccpscl A manacle, consisting of iron rings for the wrists. HAND'eUFF, V. t. To manacle ; to confine the hands with handcuffs. HAND'CRAFT, n. Work performed by the hands ; usually written handicraft. HAND'ED, pp. Given or transmitted by the hands ; conduct- ed; furled. HAND'ED, a. 1. With hands joined. Milton.— % In com- position, as right-handed, most dextrous or strong with the right hand. — Left-handed, having the left hand most strong and convenient for principal use. HAND'ER, n. One who hands or transmits. t HAND'FAST, n. Hold ; custody ; power of confining or keeping. t HAND'FXST, a. Fast by contract ; firm. I HAND'FAST, 1). *, [B&x.handfaistan.'l To pledge ; to be- troth ; to bind ; to join solemnly by the hand. fHAND'FAST-ING, n. A kind of betrothing, or marriage contract. HAND'-FET-TER, n. A fetter for the hand ; a manacle. HAND'FUL, n. 1. As much as the ha ad will grasp or con- tain. 2. As much as the arms will embrace. 3. A palm ; four inches ; [o&5.] 4. A small quantity or number. 5. As much as can be done ; full employment. HAND'GAL-LOP, n. A slow and easy gallop, in which the hand presses the bridle to hinder increase of speed. HAND'GLASS, n. In gardening, a glass Tised for placing over, protecting and forwarding various plants, in win- ter. HAND-GRE-NaDE', n. A grenade to be thrown by the hand. HAr. f. To form into hanks. H ANK'ER, V. i. [D. hunkeren.] 1. To long for with a keen appetite and uneasiness 2. To have a vehement desire of something, accompanied with uneasiness. HANK'ER-INGj^'i'r. Longing for with keen appetite or ar- dent desire. HANK'ER-ING, ir. A keen appetite that causes uneasiness till it is gratified ; vehement desire to possess or enjoy. t HAN^'KLE, v.t.' [See Hank.] To twist. HA'NT. A contraction of have not, or has not. HANSE TOWNS. Hanse signifies a society ; Goth, hansa, a multitude. The Hanse towns, in Ger/Hanj/, were cer- tain commercial cities which associated for the p- -->»ction of commerce, as early as the twelfth century. HAN-SE-AT'I€, a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns. HAP, 71. [W. hap, or hab.] 1.' That which comes suddenly or unexpectedly ; chance ; fortune ; accident 3 casual event. 2. Misfortune ; [obsolescent.] t HAP, V. i. To happen ; to befall ; to come by chance. HAP ) HAP'PIN "• A J^"g 3 a coarse coverlet. HAP-HAZ'ARD, 71. [See Hazard.] Chance; accident. HAP'LESS, a. Luckless ; unfortunate ; unlucky ; unhappy. Drvden. HAP'LY, adv. 1. By chance ; perhaps; it may be. 2. By accident ; casuallv. Milteii. HAP'PEN, (hap'u)" v. i. [W. hapiaw.] 1. To come by chance ; to come without one's previous expectation ; to fall out. 2. To come ; to befall. 3. To light ; to fall or come unexpectedly. HAP'PEN, or HAPTENS, adv. Possibly ; perhaps. J^Torth of England. HAP'PI-LY, adv. 1. By good fortune ; fortunately ; luckily; with success. 2. In a happy state ; in a state of felicity. 3. With address or dexterity ; gracefully ; in a manner to insure success. 4. By chance. See Haply. HaP'PI-NESS, 71. 1. The agreeable sensations which spring from the enjoyment of good ; that state of a being in which his desires are gratified ; felicity ; but happiness usually expresses less than /eZicij?,/, and felicity less than bliss. 2. Good luck ; good fortune. 3. Fortuitous ele- gance ; unstudied grace. HAP PI-FY-ING, part. a. Making happy. [Unauthorized.] HAPPY, a. [from hap : W. hapits.] 1. Lucky ; fortunate ; successful. 2. Being in the enjoyment of agreeable sen- sations from the possession of good ; enjoying pleasure from the gratification of appetites or desires. 3. Prosper- ous ; having secure possession of good. 4. That supplies pleasure; that furnishes enjoyment; agreeable. 5. Dex- trous ; ready ; able. 6. Blessed ; enjoying the presence and favor of God, in a future life. 7. Harmonious ; living in concord ; enjoying the pleasures of friendship. 8. Pro- pitious ; favorable. Shak. *HA-RANGUE-, (ha-rang', or har'ang) n. [Fr. harangue.] 1. A speech addressed to an assembly or an army ; a pop- ular oration ; a public address. 2. Declamation ; a noisy, pompous or irregular address. HA-RANGUE', (ha-rang') v. i. To make an address or speech to a large assembly ; to make a noisy speech. HA-RANGUE', (ha-rang') v. t. To address by oration ; as, the general harangued the troops. HA-RANGU'ER, (ha-rang'er) ??. An orator; one who ad- dresses an assembly or ai-my ; a noisy declaimer. HA-RANGU'ING, ^;;r. Declaiming; addressing with noisy eloquence. HAR' ASS, V. t. [Fr. harasscr.] I. To weary ; to fatigue to excess ; to tire with bodily labor. 2. To weary with im- portunity, care, or perplexity ; to tease ; to perplex. 3. To waste or desolate ; [ohs.] HAR'ASS, 71. Waste ; disturbance ; devastation. HAR'ASSED, pp. Wearied ; tired ; teased. HAR'ASS-ER, 7;. One who harasses or teases ; a spoiler. HAR'ASS-ING, ppr. Tiring ; fatiguing ; teasing. HS.RBIN-GER, 71. 1. In England, an officer of the king's household, who rides a day's journey before the court when traveling, to provide lodgings and other accommo- dations. 2. A forerunner ; a precursor ; that which pre- cedes and gives notice of the expected arrival of some- thing else. HARBOR, 71. [Sax. here-lerga ; D. herherg ,- Dan., Sw., G. herberge.] 1. A lodging ; a place of entertainment and lest. 2. A port or haven for ships. 3. An asylum ; a shelter ; a place of safety from storms or danger. H&R'BOR, V. t. 1. To shelter ; to secure ; to secrete. 2, To entertain ; to permit to lodge, rest or reside. - H'^R BOR, V. i. 1. To lodge or abide for a time ; to receive entertainment. 2. To take shelter. f H^R'BOR-AGE, n. Shelter ; entertainment. Shak. HAR'BORED, pp. Entertamed ; sheltered. HAR'BOR-ER, n. One who entertains or shelters another. HAR'BOR-ING, ppr. Entertaining; sheltering. HaR'BOR-LESS, a. Without a harbor ; destitute of shelter or a lodging. HaR'BOR-MAS-TER, n An officer who has charge of the mooring of ships, and executes the regulations respecting harbors. J\'*e?o York. t HAR'BOR-OUGH, V. t. To receive into lodging. Huloct. t HaR'BOR-OUGH, n. A harbor or lodging. t HaR'BOR-OUS, a. Heritable. HARD, a. [Sax. heard.] 1. Firm ; solid ; compact ; not easily penetrated, or separated iiito parts ; not yielding to pressure. 2. Difficult ; not easy to the intellect. 3. Diffi- cult of accomplishment ; not easy to be done or executed. 4. Full of difficulties or obstacles ; not easy to be travel ed. 5. Painful ; difficult ; distressing. 6. Laborious ; fa- tiguing ; attended with difficulty or pain, or both. 7. Op- pressive ; rigorous ; severe ; cruel. 8. Unfeeling ; insensi- ble ; not easily moved by pity ; not susceptible of Tender af- fections. 9. Severe ; harsh ; rough ; abusive. 10 Unfavor- able ; unkind ;, implying blame of another. ' ... Sev«re ; rigorous ; oppressive. 12. Unreasonable ; unjust. 13. Severe ; pinching with cold ; rigorous ; tempestuous. 14. Powerful : forcible ; urging ; pressing close on. 15. Aus- tere ; rough ; acid ; sour; as liquoi"S. 16. Harsh ; stiff; forced ; constrained ; unnatural. 17. Not plentiful ; not prosperous ; pressing ; distressing. 18. Avaricious ; diffi- cult in making bargains ; close. 19. Rough ; of coarse features. 20. Austere ; severe ; rigorous. 21. Rude ; un- polished or unintelligible. 22. Coarse ; unpalatable or scanty. HARD, adv. 1. Close ; near ; as in the phrase, hard by. 2. With pressure ; v/ith urgency ; hence, diligently ; labori- ously ; earnestly; vehemently; importunately. 3. With difficulty. 4. Uneasily ; vexatiously. 5. Closely. 6. Fast ; nimbly ; rapidly ; vehemently. 7. Violently ; with great force ; tempestuously. 8. With violence ; with a copious descent of water. 9. With force. — Hard- a-lce, in seamen's language, an order to put the helm close to the lee side of the ship, to tack or keep her head to the wind ; also, that situation of the helm. HARD'-BE-SET'TING, a. Closely besetting or besieging. Milton. HARD'BOUND, a. Costive ; fast or tight. Pope. HARD'EARNED, a. Earned with toil and difiiculty. Burke. HARD'EN, (hav'dn) v.t. 1. To make hard or more hard ; to make firm or compact ; to indurate. 2. To confirm in ef- frontery ; to make unpudent. 3. To make obstinate, un- yielding or refractory. 4. To confirm in wickedness, op- position or enmity ; to make obdurate. 5. To make in- sensible or unfeeling. 6. To make firm ; to endue with constancy. 7. To inure ; to render firm or less liable to injury, by exposure or use. HARD'EN, (hiir'dn) v.l. 1. To become hard or more hard ; to acquire solidity or more compactness. 2. To become unfeeling. 3. To become inured. 4. To indmate, as flesh. HARD'ENED, pp. Made hard, or more hard or compact ; made unfeeling ; made obstinate ; confirmed in error or vice. HARD'EN-ER, n. He or that which makes hard, or more firm and compact. HARD'EN-ING, ppr. Making hard or more compact ; mak- ing obdurate or unfeeling ; confirming ; becoming more hard. HARD'EN-ING, n. The giving a greater degree of hardness to bodies than they had before. Encyc. HARD'Fa-VORED, a. Having coarse features ; harsh of countenance. Dryden. HARD'FA-VOR-ED-NteSS, 7!. Coarseness of features HARD'FeAT-URED, a. Having coarse features. HARD'FIST-ED, a. Close-fisted ; covetous. Hall. HARD'FOUGHT', a. Vigorously contested. HARD'GOT-TEN, a. Obtained with difficulty. HARD'HAND-ED, a. Having hard hands, as a laborer. HARD'HEAD, n. Clash or collision of heads in contest. HARD-HEART'ED, a. Cruel ; pitiless ; merciless ; unfeel- ing ; inhuman ; inexorable. Dryden. HARD-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or tender- ness ; cruelty ; inhumanity. South. HARD'I-HOOD, 72. Boldness, united with firmness and con- stancv ofniind ; dauntless braverv ; intrepidity. HARD'i-LY, adv. 1. With great boldness ; stoutly. Scott 2. With hardship ; not tenderly. Goldsmith. HARD'I-NESS, 7!. [Fr. hardiesse.] 1. Boldness ; firm cour- age ; intrepidity ; stoutness ; bravery. 2. Firmness of body derived from laborious exercises. 3. Hardship ; fa- tigue ; [obs.] 4. Excess of confidence ; assurance ; ef- fronterv. HARD-La'BORED, a. Wrought with severe labor; elabo- rate ; studied. Sicift. HARD'LY, adr. 1. With difficulty ; with great labor. 2. Scarcely ; barely ; almost not. Sojith. 3. Not quite or * See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, "?, Zona-.— FAR, FALL WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD : I Obsolete. HAR 399 HAR wholly. 4. Grudgingly, as an injury. 5. Severely ; un- favorably. 6. Rigorously ; oppressively. 7. Unwelcomely j harshly. 8. Coarsely ; roughly ; not softly. IIARD'-MOUTHED, a. Not sensible to the bit ; not easily governed. Dryden. HARD'NESS, ?i. 1. Firmness ; close union of the component parts ; compactness ; solidity ; the quality of bodies which resists impression. 2. Difficulty to be understood. 3. Dif- ficulty to be executed or accomplished. 4. Scarcity ; pen- ury ; difficulty of obtaining money. 5. Obduracy ; im- penitence ; confirmed state of wickedness. 6. Coarse- ness of features ; harshness of look. 7. Severity of cold ; rigor. 8. Cruelty of temper ; savageness ; harshness. 9. Stiffness ; harshness ; roughness. 10. Closeness ; niggard- liness ; stinginess. 11. Hardship ; severe labor, trials or sufierings. HARD'NIBBED, a Having a hard nib or point. HAR'DOCK, n. Probably hoardock, dock with whitish leaves. Shak. HaRDS, 71. The refuse or coarse part of flax ; tow. HaRD'SHIP, n. 1. Toil ; fatigue ; severe labor or want. 2. Injury ; oppression ; injustice. HaRD'VIS-AGED, a. Having coarse features ; of a harsh countenance. Bwke. HARD'VVARE, n. Wares made of iron or other metal, as pots, kettles, saws, knives, &c. HARD'WARE-MAN, n. A maker or seller of hardwares. HARD'Y, a. [Fr. liardi ; Norm, hardy.'] 1. Bold ; brave ; stout 3 daring ; resolute ; intrepid. 2. Strom ; firm j com- pact. 3. Confident ; full of assurance ; impudent ; stub- born to excess. 4. Inured to fatigue ; rendered firm by exercise, as a veteran soldier. HAR, HARE, HERE, in composition, signify an army, Sax. here, G. hcer, D. heir. So Harold is a general of an army. HARE, n. [Sax. hara : Dan., Sw. hare.] 1. A quadruped of the genus lepus, with long ears, a short taU, soft hair, and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves by leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity. 2. A constel- lation. f HARE, -a. t. [Norm, haver, harler.] To fright, or to ex- cite, tease and harass, or worry. Locke. HARE'BELL, n. A plant of the genus hyacinthus, with campaniform or bell-shaped flowers. HARE'BRaINED, a. [hare and brain.] Wild ; giddy 5 vol- atile ; heedless. Bacon. HARE'FOOT, n. A bird ; a plant. Ainsworth. HARE'HEART-ED, a. Timorous ; easily frightened. IIARE'HOUND, n. A hound for hunting hares. HARE'HUNT-ER, n. One who hunts or is used to hunting hares. HARE'HUNT-ING, n. The hunting of hares. HARE'LIP, n. A divided upper lip, like that of a hare HARE'LIPPED, a. Having a harelip. HARE'MINT, n. A plant. Mnsicorth. HARE'PIPE, n. A snare for catching liares. HARE'S'-eAR, n. A plant of the genus bupleurum. HARE'S'-LET-TUCE, n. A plant of the genus sonchus. HARE'WoRT, n. A plant. HAR'EM, n. [Ar. harama.] A seraglio ; a place where Eastern princes confine their women, who are prohibited from the society of others. HA-REN'GI-FORM, a. Shaped like a herring. HARI-COT, n. [Fr.] 1. A kind of ragout of meat and roots. — 2. In French, beans. HAR'I-ER, ) n. A dog for hunting hares ; a kind of hound HAR RI-ER, ) with an acute sense of smelling. fHAR-I-O-LA'TION, n. [1.. haHolatio.] Soothsaying. HA'RISH, a. Like a hare. HARK, V. i. [contracted from hea7-ken.] To listen ; to lend the ear. Shak. HARL, or H^^RL, n. 1. The skin of flax 5 the filaments of flax or hemp. 2. A filamentous substance. Mortimer. HAR'LE-aUIN, n. [Fr. harlequin.] A buffoon, dressed in party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, like a merry-an- drew, to divert the populace. HAR'LE-Q,UIN, v. i. To play the droll ; to make sport by playing ludicrous tricks. HAR'LOCK, n. A plant. Drayton. HAR'LOT, 71. [W. herlawd, herlodes.] 1. A woman who prostitutes her body for hire ; a prostitute ; a common wo- man. — 2. In Scripture, one who forsakes the true God and worships idols. 3. A servant ; a rogue ; a cheat ; [obs.] Chaucer. HAR'LOT, a. Wanton ; lewd ; low ; base. Shak. HAR'LOT, V. i. To practice lewdness. Milton. IJAR'LOT-RY, 71. The trade or practice of prostitution ; habitual or customary lewdness. Dryden. HARM, n. [Sax. hearm, or harm.] 1. Injury ; hurt ; dam- age ; detriment. 2. Moral wrong ; evil ; mischief; wick- edness. HARM, V. t. To hurt ; to injure ; to damage ; to impair soundness of body. HAR-MAT'TAN, n. A dry easterly wind in Africa. HARMED, pp. Injured ; hurt ; damaged. HAR'MEL, n. The wild African rue. HARM'FIJL, a. Hurtful ; injurious ; noxious ; detrimental mischievous. HARM'FUL-LY, adv. Hurtfully ; injuriously. HARM'FIJL-NESS, n. Hurtfulness ; noxiousness HARM'ING, ppr. Hurting ; injuring. HARM'LESS, a. 1. Not hurtful or injurious ; innoxious. 2. Unhurt ; undamaged ; uninjured. 3. Innocent ; not guUty. HARM'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Innocently ; without fault or crime. 2. Without hurt or damage. HARM'LESS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being innoxious ; freedom from a tendency to injure. 2. Innocence. HAR-MON'I€, or HAR-MON'I-CAL, a. 1. Relating to har- mony or music. 2. Concordant ; musical ; consonant. 3. An epithet applied to the accessary sounds wiiich ac- company the predominant and apparently simple tone of any chord or string. HAR-MON'I-CA, n. A collection of musical glasses of a par- ticular form, so arranged as to produce exquisite music. Encyc. HAR-MON'I€S, n. 1. Harmonious sounds ; consonances. 2. The doctrine or science of musical sounds. 3. Deriva- tive sounds, generated with predominant sounds, and pro- duced by subordinate vibrations of a chord or string, when its whole length' vibrates. 4. Grave harmonics aw low sounds which accompany every perfect consonance of two sounds. HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Adapted to each other ; having the parts proportioned to each other; symmetrical. 2. Con- cordant ; consonant ; symphonious ; musical. 3. Agree- ing ; living in peace and friendship. HAR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With just adaptation and proportion of parts to each other. 2. With accordance of sounds ; musically 3 in concord. 3. In agreement ; in peace and friendship. HAR-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Proportion and adaptation of parts 3 niusicalness. 2. Agreement 3 concord. HAR'MO-NIST, 71. 1. A musician 3 a composer of music. 2. One who brings together corresponding passages, to show their agreement. HAR'MO-NlZE, v. i. 1. To be in concord ; to agree in sounds. 2. To agree 3 to be in peace and friendship, as individuals or families. 3. To agree in sense or purport. HAR'MO-NiZE, v. t. 1. To adjust in fit proportions 3 to cause to agree. 2. To make musical ; to combine accord- ing to the laws of counterpoint. HAR'MO-NlZED, pp. Made to be accordant. HAR'MO-NlZ-ER, n. 1. One that brings together or recon- ciles. — 2. In music, a practical harmonist. HAR'MO-NlZ-ING, ppr. Causing to agree. HAR-MO-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. a^piovia and jxerpov.] An instrument or monochord for measurmg the harmonic re- lations of sounds. HAR'MO-NY, 71. [L. harmonia.] 1. The just adaptation of parts to each other, in any system or composition of things, intended to form a connected whole. 2. Just pro- portion of sound 3 consonance 3 musical concord. 3. Con- cord 3 agreement 3 accordance in facts. 4. Concord or agreement 3 good correspondence 3 peace and friend- ship. HAR'MOST, 71. [Gr. apixoarnp.] In ancient Greece, a Spar- tan governor, regulator or prefect. Mitfcrf'. HAR'MO-TOME, n. [Gr. apixos.] In mineralogy, cross- stone, or staurolite, called also pyramidical zeolite. HAR'NESS, n. [W, harnaes ; Fr. harnois.] 1. Armor 3 tlie whole accoutrements or equipments of a knight or horse- man. 2. The furniture of a draught horse, whether for a wagon, coach, gig, chaise, &c. 3 called, in som.e of the .American states, tackle, or tackling. HAR'NESS, V. 1. 1. To dress in armor 3 to equip with armor for war, as a horseman. 2. To put on the furniture of a horse for draught. 3. To defend 3 to equip or furnish for defense. HAR'NESSED, pp. Equipped with armor 3 furnished with the dress for draught 5 defended. HAR'NESS-ER, n. One who puts on the harness of a horse. Sherwood. HAR'NESS-ING, ppr. Putting on armor or furniture for draught. HARNS, 71. plu. Brains. Grose. HARP, n. [Sax. hearpa ; G. harfe ; D. harp.] 1. An instru- ment of music of tlie stringed kind, of a triangular figure, held upright, and commonly touched with the fingers. .2. A constellation. HARP, V. i. 1. To play on the harp. 2. To dwell on, in speaking or writing 3 to continue sounding. 3. To touch as a passion 3 to affect. Shak. HARP'ER, 71. A player on the harp. HARP'ING, ppr. Playing on a harp ; dwelling on continu- ally. HARP'ING, 71. A continual dwelling on. Irving. HARP'ING, n. ; plu. Harpings. In ships, harpings are the * S$f Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; C'H as SH 3 THas in this, t Obsolete HAR 400 HAT fore-parts of the wales, which encompasa the bow of the ship, HARP'ING-IR-ON, n. A harpoon, which see. HARP'IST, 11. A harper. Brown. HAR-POON', 71. [Fr. harpon.'] A harping-iron ; a spear or javeliQ, used to strike whales for killing them. HAR-POON', v.t. To strike, catch or kill with a harpoon. HAR-POON'ED, (har-poond') pp. Struck, caught or killed with a harpoon. H AR-POON'ER, ) n. One who uses a harpoon ; the man in HAR-PO-NEER', ) a whale-boat who throws the harpoon. HAR-POON'ING, ppr. Striking with a harpoon. HaRP'SI-GHORD, n. An instrument of music with strings of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys. HaR'PY, n. [Fr. harpie.] 1, In antiquity, the harpies were fabulous winged monsters, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture, with their feet and fingers armed with sharp claws. 2. Any rapacious or ravenous animal ; an extortioner ; a plunderer. HAR'aUE-BUSE. See Ar^uebuse. IIAR-RA-TEEN', n. A kind of stiifi"or cloth. Shenstone. HivRR, n. A storm proceeding from the sea. Coles. HAR'RI-DAN, n. [Fr. haridelle.] A decayed strumpet. HAR'RI-ER, n. A hunting hound with a nice sense of smelling. HAR'RoW, n. [Sw. harf.] An instrument of agriculture, formed of pieces of timber sometimes crossing each other, and set with iron teeth. HAR'RoW, V. t. [Sw. harfva.] 1. To draw a harrow over, for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, or for covering seed sown. 2. To break or tear with a harrow. 3. To tear ; to lacerate ; to torment. 4. To pil- lage ; to strip ; to lay waste by violence ; [ols.] 5. To disturb ; to agitate ; [obs.] Shak. HAR'RoW, inter j. [Old Fr. harau.^ An exclamation of sud- den distress. HAR'RoWED, pp. Broken or smoothed by a han-ow. HAR'RoW-ER, n. 1. One who han-ows. 2. A hawk. HAR'RoW-ING, ppr. Breaking or leveling with a harrow. HAR'RY, V. t. [Sax. hergian.'] 1. To strip ; to pillage. [See Harrow.] 2. To harass ; to agitate ; to tease. f HAR'RY, V. i. To make harassiag incursions. HJLRSH, a. [G, harscJi.] 1 . Rough to the touch ; rugged ; grat- ing. 2. Sour ; rough to the taste. 3. Rough to the ear ; gi-at- ing ; discordant ; jarring. 4. Austere ; crabbed ; morose ; peevish. 5. Rough j rude; abusive. 6. Rigorous; severe. HARSH'LY, adv. 1. Roughly ; in a harsh manner. 2. Sourly ; austerely. 3. Severely ; morosely ; crabbedly. 4. Roughly ; rudely ; with violence. 5. Roughly ; with a grating sound ; unpleasantly. H&RSH'NESS, n. 1. Roughness to the touch. 2. Sourness ; austereness. 3. Roughness to the ear. 4. Roughness of temper ; moroseness ; crabbedness ; peevishness. 5. Roughness in manner or words ; severity. HARS'LET,orHAS'LET, 71, [Ice./iasZa. an.] The heart, liver, lights, &c. of a hog. HART, n. [Sax, heort.] A stag or male deer, an animal of the cervine genus. HART'BSEST, n. The cervine antelope of Africa. HART'ROY-AL, n. A plant. HARTS'HORN, n. The horn of the hart or male deer. The scrapings or raspings of this horn are medicinal, and used in decoctions, ptisans, &;c. — Hartshorn plantain, a species of plantafTo. HARTS'ToNGUE, n. A plant. HART'WoRT, n. The name of certain plants. HAR'US-PlCE, 71. [L. haruspez.] In Ruman history, a per- son who pretended to foretell future events by insijecting the entrails of beasts. HA'RUM-S€A'RUM, a. A low expression applied to flighty persons ; persons always in a hurry. HAR'US-PI-CY, 71. Divination by the inspection of victims. HAR'VEST, n. [Sax. hmrfest, harfest.] 1. The season of reaping and gathering in com or other crops. 2. The ripe corn or grain collected and secured in barns or stacks, 3. The product of labor ; fruit or fruits. 4, Frait or fruits ; effects ; consequences. — 5, In Scripture, harvest signifies, fiffuratively, the proper season for business, HAR'VEST, V. t. To reap or gather ripe corn and other fruits for the use of man and beast. HAR'VEST-ED, pp. Reaped and collected, as ripe corn and fruits HAR'VEST- ER, n. A 'eaper .; a laborer in gathering grain. HAR'VEST FL^, n. A large, fcir-winged insect of the ci- cada kind , common in Italy, Encyc. HAR'VEST -HOME, 71, 1. The time of harvest. 2, The song sung by reapers at the feast made at the gathering of corn, or the feast itself. 3, The opportunity of gathering treasure, HAR'VEST-ING, ppr. Reaping and collecting, as ripe corn and other fruits, HAR'VEST-LORD, n. The head-reaper at the harvest. HAR'VEST-MAN, n. A laborer in harvest, HAR'VEST-dUEEN, n. An image representing Ceres, formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. HAS. The third person sigular of the verb have. HASH, V. t. [Fr. hacher.] To chop mto small pieces ; lO mince and mix. Oarth. HASH, n. Minced meat, or a dish of meat and vegetables chopped into small pieces and mixed. t HASK, 71. A case made of rushes or flags. Spenser. HASK, a. Parched ; coarse ; rough : dry. Grose. HAS'LET, 71. See Harslet. HASP, 71, [Sax, hmps.] 1. A clasp that passes over a staple to be fastened by a padlock. 2. A spindle to wind thread or silk on ; [local.] HASP, V. t. To shut or fasten with a hasp. Oarth. HAS'SOe, 71. [W. hesor.] A thick mat or bass on whicli persons kneel in church. HAST. The second person singular of have. HaS'TATE, ) a. [L. hastatus.] In botany, spear-shaped , HAS'TA-TED, \ resembling the head of a halberd. HASTE, n. [G., Sw., Dan. hast.] 1. Celerity of motion , speed ; swiftness ; dispatch ; expedition ; applied only to voluntary beings, 2. Sudden excitement of passion. 3. The state of being urged or pressed by business. HASTE, (hast) 1 v. t. [G. hasten ,- D. haasten.] To press ; HaS'TEN, (ha'sn) \ to drive or urge forward ; to push on ; to precipitate ; to accelerate movement, HASTE, ) V. i. To move with celerity ; to be rapid in mo- HaS'TEN, \ tion ; to be speedy or quick. HaST'ED, I pp. Moved rapidly ; accelerated ; urge^ HaS'TENED, \ with speed. HaS'TEN-ER, n. One that hastens or urges forward. HaST'ING, I ppr. Urging forward ; pushing on ; pro HaS'TEN-ING, \ ceeding rapidly. HaST'I-LY, adv. 1. In haste ; with speed or quickness ; speedily : nimbly. 2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without due reflection. 3. Passionately ; under sudden excite- ment of passion. HaST'I-NESS, 71. 1. Haste; speed; quickness or celerity in motion or action, as of animals, 2. Rashness; heed- less eagerness ; precipitation, 3. Irritability ; suscepti- bility of anger, warmth or temper. HAST'ING-PEaR, n. An early pear, Encyc. HaST'INGS, n. Peas that come early. Mortimer. HaST'IVE, a. [Fr. hcLtif.] Forward ; eariy ; as fmit, [J^ot much used.] Encyc. HaST'Y, a. 1. Q-uick ; speedy. 2. Eager ; precipitate ; rasa. 3. Irritable ; easily excited to wrath ; passionate. 4. Early ripe ; forward. HaST'Y-PUD-DING, n. A pudding made of the meal of maize moistened with water and boiled, or of milk and flour boiled, HAT, 71, [Sax, hmt.] 1. A covering for the head. 2. The dignity of a cardinal. HAT'-BAND, n. A band round the crown of a hat, HAT'-BOX, I n. A box for a hat. But a case for a lady's HAT'-CASE, \ hat is called a band-box. HaT'A-BLE, a. That may be hated ; odious. HATCH, V. t. [G. hecken.] 1. To produce young from egga by incubation, or by artificial heat. 2, To contrive or plot ; to form by meditation, and bring into being ; to originate and produce in silence. HATCH, V. t. [Fr, hacher.] 1. To shade by lines in draw- ing and engraving, Dryden. 2, To steep ; [obs.] Beaum. HATCH, V. i. To produce young ; to bring the young to maturity. HATCH, n. 1. A brood ; as many chickens as are produced at once. 2. The act of exclusion from the egg. 3. Dis- closure ; discovery. HATCH, or HATCH'ES, n. [Sax. haca.] 1. The grate or frame of cross-bars laid over the opening in a ship's deck, now called hatch-bars ,• the lid or cover of a hatchway. 2. The opening in a ship's deck, or the passage from one deck to another. 3. A half-door, or door with an open- ing over it, 4. Floodgates, — 5, In Cornwall, England, openings into mines, or in bearch of them, — 5. To be un- der the hatches, to be confined, or to be in distress, depres- sion or slavery, Locke. *HATCH'EL, (commonly pronounced, in America, hetch'el) n. [G, hechel ; D, hekel.] An instrument formed with long iron teeth set in a board, for cleaning flax or hemp. Hx-ITCH'EL, V. t. 1, To draw flax or hemp through the teeth of ahatchel, for separating the coarse part and broken pieces of the stalk from the fine fibrous parts. 2. To tease or vex, by sarcasms or reproaches ; a vulgar use of the word. HATCH'ELED, pp. Cleansed by a hatchel ; combed, HATCH'EL-ER, n. One who uses a hatchel. HATCH'EL-ING, ppr. Drawing through the teeth of a hatcbel, HATCH'ET, 71. [G. hacke.] A small axe with a short han- dle, to be used with one hand. — To take up the hatchet, a phrase borrowed from the natives of America, is to make war. — To Imry the hatchet, is to make peace, HATCH'ET-FACE, n. A prominent face like the edge of a hatchet, Dryden. HATCH'E-TINE, n. A mineral substance. HATCH'ING, 71. A kind of drawing. [See Etch.] Harris. * See Synopsis. A, E, T. O. U t, long —FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete HAV 401 HAY HATCH'ftlENT, n. [corrupted from ttc/tie?;eme?ii.] An armo- rial escutcheon on a hearse at funerals, or in a church. HATCH'VVAY, n. In ships, a square or oblong opening in the deck, affording a passage from one deck to another, or into the hold or lower apartments. HATE, V. t. [Sax. hatian.] 1. To dislike greatly ; to have a great aversion to. — 2. In Scripture, it signifies to love less. HATE, n. Great dislike or aversion ; hatred. HaT'ED, pp. Greatly disliked. HaTETUL, a. 1 Odious ; exciting great dislike, aversion or disgust. 2. That feels hatred j malignant j malevo- lent. HaTE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Odiously ; with great dislike. 2. Malignantly ; maliciously. HaTE'FUL-NESS, 71. Odiousness ; the quality of being hateful, or of exciting aversion or disgust. HaT'ER, n. One that hates. Brown. HaT'ING, ppr. Disliking extremely ; entertaining a great aversion for. Ha'TRED, n. Great dislike or aversion ; hate ; enmity. HAT'TED, a. Covered with a hat ; wearuig a hat. t HAT'TER, v. t. To harass. Dryden. HAT'TER, 71. [from hat.] A maker of hats. HAT'TLE, a. Wild ; skittish. Grose. fHAT'TOe, 71. [Erse, attock.] A shock of corn. t HAU'BERK, 71. A coat of mail without sleeves. See Ha- BERGEON. HAUGH, (haw) n. A little meadow lying in a valley. fHAUGHT, (hawt) a. [qu. Fx. haut.] High j elevated 3 hence, proud ; insolent. Shak. HAUGHT'I-LY, (hawte-ly) adv. Proudly j arrogantly 5 with contempt or disdain. Dryden. HAUGHT'I-NESS, (haw'te-nes) n. The quality of being haughty ; pride mingled with some degree of contempt for others; arrogance. HAUGHT'Y, (haw'ty) ft. [from /iatio/u; Fi: haut.] 1. Proud and disdainful ; having a high opinion of one's self, with some contempt for others ; lofty and arrogant ; supercilious. 2. Proceeding from excessive pride, or pride mingled with contempt; manifesting pride and disdain . 3. Proud and imperious. 4. Lofty; bold; of high hazard ; [obs.] Spen- ser. HAUL, V. t. [Fr. haler. It is sometimes written hale, but 'haul is preferable.] 1. To pull or draw with force ; to drag. Haul is equivalent to drag, and differs sometimes from pull and draw, in expressing more force and labor. 2. To drag ; to compel to go. — To haul the wind, in seamanship, is to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from which the wind blows. HAUL, n. 1. A pulling with force ; a violent pull. 2. A draught of a net. HAUL'ER, n. He who pulls or hauls. HAULED, pp. Pulled with force ; dragged ; compelled to move. HAUL'ING, ppr. Drawing by force or violence ; dragging. HAULM, ) n. [Sax. healni.] 1. The stem or stalk of grain, HAUM, \ of all kinds, or of pease, beans, hops, &c. 2. Straw ; the dry stalks of corn, (fee. in general. HAUNCH, 71. [Fr. hanche.] 1. The hip ; that part of the body which lies between the last ribs and the thigh. 2. The rear ; the hind part ; [obs.] Shak. * HAUNT, 73. t. [Fr. hunter.] l.'To frequent; to resort to much or often, or to be much about ; to visit customarily. 2. To come to frequently ; to intrude on ; to trouble with frequent visits; to follow importunately. 3. It is particu- larly applied to spectres or apparitions, which are repre- sented by fear and credulity as frequenting of Inhabiting old, decayed and deserted houses. * HAUNT, V. i. To be much about ; to visit or be present often. * HAUNT, 71. 1. A place to which one frequently resorts. 2. The habit or custom of resorting to a place ; [obs.] 3. Custom ; practice ; [obs.] Chaucer. *HAUNT'ED, pp. 1. Frequently visited or resorted to, especially by apparitions. 2. Troubled by frequent visits. *HAUNT'ER, n. One who frequents a particular place, or is often about it. *HAUNT'ING, ppr. Frequenting; visiting often; troub- ling with frequent visits. fHAUST, n. [Sax. hwasta.] A dry cough. Ray. HAUT'BOY, (ho'boy) 71. [Fr. haut and bois.] A wind in- strument, somewhat resembling a flute. HAUT-GOUT', (ho-goo') n. [Fr.] Any tiling with a strong relish or a strong scent. Butler. HAU-TEUR', (ho-cure', or ho-taur') n. [Fr.] Pride ; haught- iness ; insolent manne- or spirit. HAUYNE, 71. A miners? , called by Haiiy latialite. HAVE, (hav) v. t. ; pret. and pp. had .- indie, present, I have, thou hast, he has ; we, ye, they have. [Sax. hab- ban i Goth, haban ; G. haben.] 1. To possess ; to hold in possession or power. 2. To possess, as something that is connected with, or belongs to one. 3. To marry ; to take for a wife or husband. 4. To hold; to regard. 5. To maintain ; to hold in opinion. 6. To be urged by neces- sity or obligation ; to be under necessity, or impelled b/ duty. 7. To seize and hold ; to catch. 8. To contain ; as, the work has many beauties and many faults. 9. To gain ; to procure ; to receive ; to obtain ; to purchase. Had rather denotes wish or preference. — To have after, to pursue. Shak. — To have away, to remove ; to take away. Tiisser. — To have at, to encounter; to assail; to enter into competition with; to make trial with. Shak. — To have in, to contain. — To have on, to wear; to carry, as raiment or weapons. — To have aut, to cause to depart. — To have a care, to take care ; to be on the guard, or to guard. — To have pleasure, to enjoy. — To have pain, to suffer. — To have sorrow, to be grieved or afflicted. — He would have, he desires to have, or he requires. — He should have, he ought to have. fHAVE'LESS, (havles) a. Having little or nothing. Ha'VEN, (ha'vn) n. [Sax. hmfan; D. haven.] 1. A harbor; a port ; a bay, recess or inlet of the sea ; a station for ships. 2. A shelter ; an asylum ; a place of safety. t Ha'VEN-ER, 71. The overseer of a port ; a harbor-master. HAVER, n. One who has or possesses; a possessor; a holder. [Little used.] Shak. HAVER, 71. [G. hafer ; D. haver.] Oats ; a word of locat use in the JVorth of England. HAVER-SACK, n. [Fr. havre-sac] A soldier's knapsack HAVING, ppr. Possessing ; holding in power or possession containing ; gaining , receiving ; taking. t HAVING, 71. 1. Possession; goods; estate. Shak. 2. Tho act or state of possessing. Sidney. t HaVIOR, n. Conduct ; manners. Spenser. HAV'OC, n. [W. havog.] Waste ; devastation ; wide and general destruction. HAVOC, v. t. To waste ; to destroy ; to lay waste. HAVOC, exclani. A word of encouragement to slaughter Shak. HAW", n. [Sax. hceg, hag.] 1. The berry and seed of the liawthom. 2. [Sax. haga.] A small piece of ground ad- joining a house ; a small field. — 3. In farriery, an excres- cence resembling a gristle^, growing under the nether eye- lid and eye of a horse. 4 A dale ; [obs.] HAW, V. i. [corrupted from hawk, or hack.] To stop in speaking with a haw, or to speak with interruption and hesitation. HAW, 71. [See Ha.] An intermission or hesitation of HAWFINCH, n. A bird, a species of loxia. HAW'HAW^, n. [duplication of haw, a hedge.] A fence or bank that interrupts an alley or walk, sunk between slopes and not perceived till approached. Todd. HAWING, pi}r. Speaking with a haw, or with hesitation. HAWK, 7i. [Sax. hafoc] A genus of fowls, the falco, at iiianv species, most of which are rapacious. HAWK, v.i. 1. To catch or attempt to catch birds by means of hawks trained for the purpose, and let loose on the prey ; to practice falcomy. 2. To fly at ; to attack on the wing. HAWK, V. ?. [W. hogi ; Scot, hawgh.] To make an effort to force up phlegm with noise. — To hawk up, transitively as, to hawk up i^hlegm. HAWK, n. An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, accompanied with noise. HAWnC, V. t. [qu. G. hocken.] To cry ; to offer for sale by outcry in the street, or to sell by outcry. HAWKED, pp. I. Offered for sail by outcry in the street. 2. a. Crooked ; curving like a hawk's bill. HAWK'ER, n. 1. One who offers goods for sale by outcry in the street ; a pedler. Swift. 2. [Sax. hafcere.] A fal- coner. HAWIC'EyED, a. Having acute sight ; discerning. HAWK'ING, T?;)?-. 1. Catching wild birds by hawks. 2. Making an effort to discharge phlegm. 3. Offering for sale in the street by outcry. HAWKING, n. The exercise of taking wild fowls by means of hawks. HAWK'NoSED, a. Having an aquiline nose. HAWK'WEED, 71. A name of several species of plants. HAWSE, (hawz) 71. [See Halser.] The situation of a ship moored with two anchors from the bows. HAWSE'HOLE, n. A cylindrical hole in the bow of a ship through which a cable passes. HAWSE'PIeCE, n. One of the foremost timbers of a ship. HAWS'ER, 71. [.See Hals er.] A small cable; or a large rope, in size between a cable and a tow-line. HAWTHORN, 71. [Sax. h^Bg-thorn.] A shrub or tree which bears the haw ; the white-thorn. HAW'THORN-FLY, n. An insect so called. Walton. HAY, n. [Sax. heg, hig.] Grass cut and dried for fodder," grass prepared for preservation. — To dance the hay, to dance in a ring. Donne. HAY, V. i. [G. heuen.] To dry or cure grass for preserva- tion. HAY, n. [Sax. hcBg.] 1. A hedge ; [obs.] Chaucer. 2. A net which incloses the haunt of an animal. Harmer. HAY, V. t. To lay snares for rabbits. Huloet. See Synopsis. MOVE, BOCK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett- HEA 402 HEA HaY'BOTE, n. Hedge-bote. In English law, an allowance of wood to a tenant for repairing hedges or fences. HaY'€0€K, n. A conical pile or heap of hay, in the field. HAY'KNIFfe, n. A sharp instrument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow. HaY'LOFT, 71. A loft or scaffold for hay, particulariy in a ham. SaY'MaK-ER, n. One who cuts and dries grass for fodder. HaY'MaK-ING, 71. The business of cuttmg grass and cur- ing it for fodder. HaY'MaR-KET, n. A place for the sale of hay. HaY'MOW, n. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for preservation. HaY'RI€K, 71. A rick of hay ; usually, a long pile for pre- servation in the open air. HaY'STA€K, 71. A stack or large conical pile of hay in the open air, laid up for preservation. HaY'STALK, 7?. A stalk of hay. HaY'TH0RN,71. Hawthorn. Scott. HaY'WARD, n. A person who keeps the common herd or cattle of a town, and guards hedges or fences.— In JVew England, the hayward is a town officer whose duty is to impound cattle, and particularly swine. HaY'DEN-ITE, n. A mineral discovered by Dr. Hayden. EIAZ'ARD, n. [Fr. hasard.] 1. Chance ; accident ; casualty ; a fortuitous event. 2. Danger ; peril ; risk. 3. A game at dice.— TV? run the Imiard, to risk ; to take the chance. HAZ'ARD, V. t. [Fr. hasarder.] 1. To expose to chance ; to put in danger of loss or injury ; to venture ; to risk. 2. To venture to incur, or Bring on. HAZ'AED, V. L To try the chance ; to adventure ; to run the risk or danger. HAZ'AE.D-A-BLE, a. That is liable to hazard or chance. HAZ'ARD-ED, pp. Put at risk or in danger ; ventured. HAZ'AED-ER, n. One who ventm-es or puts at stake. HAZ'ARD-ING, ppr. Exposing to danger or peril ; ventur- ing to bring on. HAZ'ARD-OUS, a. Dangerous; that exposes to peril or danger of loss or evil. HAZ' ARD-OUS-LY, adv. With danger of loss or evil ; with peril. fllAZARD-RY, 71. 1. Rashness; temerity. Spenser 2. Gaming in general. Chaucer. HAZE, 71. Fog ; a watery vapor in the air, or a dry vapor like smoke, which renders the air thick. HAZE, V. i. To be foggy. [A local word.] Ray. t HAZE, V. t. To frighten. Ainsworth. Ha'ZEL, (ha'zl) n. [Sax. hcBsel.] A shrub of the genus corylus, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, far- inaceous taste. Ha'ZEL, (ha'zl) a. Pertaining to the hazel or like it; of a light-brown color, like the hazel-nut. Ha'ZEL-EARTH, 71. A kind of red loam. Encyc. Ha'ZEL-NUT, 71. The nut or frait of the hazel. Ha'ZEL-LY, a. Of the color of the hazel-nut ; of a light- brown. Mortimer. Ha'ZY, a. Foggy ; misty ; thick with vapor. HE, pro7?oM7i, of the third person; nom. he; poss. his; obj. him. [Sax. masc. hej fern, heo j neut. hit.l 1. A pronoun, a substitute for the third person, masculine gender, repre- senting the man or male person named before. 2. Man ; a male. 3. He is sometimes prefixed to the names of an- imals to designate the male kind ; as, a he-goat, a he-bear. HEAD, (bed) n. [Sax. heafod, hefed, heafd.] 1. The upper- most part of the human body, or the foremost part of the body of prone and creeping animals. This part of the body contains the organs of hearing, seeing, tasting and smelling, and also the brain. 2. An animal ; an individ- ual. 3. A chief; a principal person; a leader; a com- mander. 4. The fii-st place ; the place of honor, or of command. 5. Countenance ; presence. 6. Understand- ing ; faculties of the mind ; sometimes in a ludicrous sense. 7. Face; front; forepart. 8. Resistance; suc- cessful opposition. 9. Spontaneous will or resolution. 10. State of a deer's horns by which his age is known. 11. The top of a thing, especially when larger than the rest of the thing. 12. The forepart of a thing, as the head of a ship. 13. The blade or cutting part of an axe, distinct from the helve. 14. That which rises on the top. 15. The upper part of a bed or bed-stead. 16. The brain. 17. The dress of the head. 18. The principal source of a stream. 19. Altitude of water in ponds, as applicable to the driving of mill-wheels. 20. Topic of discoui-se ; chief point or subject ; a siunmary. 21. Crisis ; pitch ; height. 2>. Influence ; force ; strength ; pitch. 23. Body ; con- flux ; [ohs.l Shak. 24. Power ; armed force. 25. Liberty ; freedom from restraint. 26. License ; freedom from check, control or restraint. 27. Tlie hair of the head. 28. The top of com or other plant ; the part on which the seed grows. 29. The end, or the boards that form the end. 30. The part most remote from the mouth or opening into the sea. 31. The maturated part of an ulcer or boil. Head and ears, a phrase denoting the whole person, especial- ly when referring to immersion. — Head and shoulders, by | force ; violenWy .—Head or tail, or head nor tail, uncertain , not reducible to certainty. — Head, as an adj. or in compo- .lition, chief; principal ; as, a head workman. — By the head, m seamen's language, denotes the state of a ship laden too deeply at the fore-end. HEAD, (bed) v. t. 1. To lead ; to dhect ; to act as leader to. 2. To behead ; to decapitate. 3. To fonn a head to ; to fit t)r furnish with a head. 4. To lop. 5. To go in front of ; to get into the front. 6. To set on the head. 7. To oppose ; to veer roimd and blow in opposition to the course of a ship. HEAD, (bed) v. i. To originate ; to spring ; to have its source, as a river. HEAD'aCHE, (hed'ake) n. Pain in the head. HEAD'BAND, (hed'band) n. A fiUet ; a band for the head ; also, the band at each end of a book. Is. iii. HEAD'BoR-OUGH, (hea'bur-ro) n. In England, formerly, the chief of a frank-pledge, tithing or decernary. HEAD'DRESS, (hed'dres) n. 1. The dress of the head ; the covering or ornaments of a woman's head. 2. The crest, or tuft of feathers on a fowl's head. HEAD'ED, (bed ed) pp. Led ; directed ; furnished with a head ; having a top. This is used in composition ; as, clea)-- headed, thick-headed, &,c. HEAD'ER, (hed'er) n. 1. One who heads naUs or pins. 2. One who leads a mob or party. 3. The first brick in the angle of a wall. HEAD'FAST, (hed fast) n. A rope at the head of a ship to fasten it to a wharf or other fixed object. HEAD'FiRST, (hed'furst) adv With the head foremost. HEAD'GAR-GLE, (hed'gar-gl) n. A disease of cattle. HEAD'GeAR, (hed'geer) n. The dress of a woman's head. HEAD'I-LY, (hed'e-ly) adv. Hastily ; rashly ; so as not to be governed. HEAD'I-NESS, (hed'e-nes) n. 1. Rashness ; precipitation. 2. Stubbornness ; obstinacy. HEAD'ING, (hed'ing) n. Timber for the heads of casks. HEAD'LAND, (hed'land) n. 1. A cape ; a promontory. 2. A ridge or strip of unploughed land at the ends of furrows or near a fence. HEADLESS, (hed'les) a. 1. Having no head ; beheaded. 2. Destitute of a chief or leader. 3. Destitute of under- standing or prudence ; rash ; obstinate. HEAD'LONG, (hed'long) adv. 1. With the head foremost, 2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without deliberation. 3 Hasti ly ; without delay or respite. HEAD'LONG, (hed'long) a. 1. Steep ; precipitous. 2. Rash-, precipitate. HEAD'MAN, (hedman) n. A chief; a leader. HEAD'MoLD-SHOT, n. A disease in children, in which the sutures of the skull, usually the coronal, have their edges shot over one another. HEAD'MoN-EY, (hed'mun-ny) 7i. A capitation tax. HEAD'MoST, (hed m5st) a. Most advanced ; most forward ; first in a line or order of progression. t HEAD'PAN, (hed'pan) n. The brain-pan. HEAD'PENCE, (hed'pens) Ji. A kind of poll-tax formeriy collected_in the English county of Northumberland. HEAD'PIkCE, (hed p5se) n. 1. Armor for the head ; a hel- met; a morion. 2. Understanding; force of mind. HEAD-aUART'ERS, 71. ]7Zm. 1. The quarters or place of residence'of the commander-in-chief of an army. 2. The residence of any chief, or place from which orders are is sued. HEAD ROPE, (hed'rope) n. That part of a bolt-rope which terminates any sail on the upper edge. HEAD-SAIL, (hed'sail) 7i. The head-sails of a ship are the sails which are extended on the fore-mast and bowsprit. HEADSEA, (hed'see) n. Waves that meet the head of a ship or roll against her com-se. HEAD'SHAKE, (hed'shake) n. A significant shake of the head. Shak. HEAD SHIP, (hed'ship) n. Authority ; chief place. HEADS'MAN, (hedz man) h. One that cuts off heads ; an executioner. [Unv.sual.] Dryden. HEAD SPRING, (hed'spring) n Fountain ; source : origin HEADSTALL, (hedstawl) n That part of a bridle which encompasses the head. HEAD'STONE, (hed'stone) n. 1. The principal stcne in a foundation ; the chief or comer stone. 2. The stone at the head of a grave. HEAD'STRONG, (hed strong) a. 1. Violent ; obstinate ; un- governable ; resolute to mn his own way ; bent on pur- suing his own will. 2. Directed by ungovernable will, or proceedin2; from obstinacy. t HEAD'STilOi\G-NESS, 7i. Obstinacv. Oayton. HEAD'TIRE, (hed'tire) n. Dress or attire for the head. HEAD'WAY, (hed'wa) n. The motion of an advancing ship. HEAD'WIND, (hed'wind) n. A wind that blows in a direc- tion opposite to the ship's course. HEAD-WORK'MAN, 7!. The chief workman of a party; a foreman in a manufactory. Swift. HEAD'Y, (hedy) a. 1. Rash ; hasty ; precipitate ; violent. See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. HEA 403 HEA 2 Apt to affect the head ; inflaming ; intoxicating ; strong. 3. Violent; impetuous. HeAL, v. t. [Sax. hmlan, helan, gehelaii,] 1. To cure of a disease or wound. 2. To cure ; to remove or subdue. 3. To cause to cicatrize. 4. To restore to soundness. 5. To restore purity to ; to remove feculence or foreign matter. 6. To remove, as differences or dissension ; to reconcile, as parties at variance. — 7. In Scripture, to forgive ; to cure moral disease, and restore soundness. 8. To purify from corniptions, redress grievances, and restore to pros- perity. 9. To cover, as a roof witii tiles, slate, lead. Sec. HeAL, v. i. To grow sound ; to return to a sound state. HkAL, v. t. To cover See Hele. HeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be healed. Sherwood. Healed, pp. Restored to a sound state. HeAL'ER, n. He or that which cures, or restores to sound- ness. HeAL'ING, p;?r. L Curing ; restoring to a sound state. 2. a. Tendinir to cure ; nuld ; mollifying HeAL'ING, n. 1. The act of curing. 2. The act of cover- ing ; [obs.] HEALTH, (helth) n. [from heal.] I. That slate of an an- imal or living body, in which the parts are sound, well organized and disposed, and in which they all perform freely their natural functions. Li this state the animal feels no pain. 2. Sound state of the mind ; natural vigor of faculties. 3. Sound state of the mind, in a moral sense ; purity ; goodness. 4. Salvation or divine favor, or grace which cheei-s God's people. 5. Wish of health and happiness ; used in drinking. HEALTHFUL, (helth'ful) a. 1. Being in a sound state, as a living or organized being ; free from disease. 2. Serv- ing to promote health ; wholesome ; salubrious. 3. Indi- cating health or soundness. 4. Salutarj'^ ; promoting spiritual health. 5. Well-disposed ; favorable. HEALTH'FUL-LY, adv. In health ; wholesomely. HE-lLTHFiJL-NESS, n. 1. A state of being well. 2. Wholesomeness 3 salubrity ; state or qualities that promote health. HEALTH'I-LY, a. Without disease. HEALTH'I-XESS, n. The state of health; soundness; freedom from disease. HEALTH LESS, a. 1. Infirm ; sickly. 2. Not conducive to health ; \little used.] Taylor. THEALTH'SOiME, a. WTiolesome. Shale. HEALTH'Y, a. 1. Being in a sound state ; enjoying health ; hale ; sound. 2. Conducive to health ; wholesome ; sa- lubrious. Locke. HeAM, n. In beasts, the same as after-birth in women. Heap, n. [Sax. heap, heap.'] 1. A pile or msLss ; a collec- tion of things laid in a body so as to form an elevation. 2. A crowd"; a throng ; a cluster ; applied to living per- sons ; [not in use.] 3. A mass of ruins. Heap, v. t. [Sax. heapian.] 1. To throw or lay in a heap; to pile. 2. To amass ; to accumulate ; to lay up ; to col- lect in great quantity. 3. To add something else, in large quantities. 4. To pile ; to add till the mass takes a roundish form, or till it rises above the measure. Heaped, pp. Piled ; amassed ; accumulated. HeAP'ER, ?(. One who heaps, piles or amasses. Heap ING, ppr. Piling ; collecting into a mass. HEx^PLY, adv. In heaps Huloet. . HeAP'Y, a. Lying in heaps. Gaij. Hear, v. t. ; pret. and pp, heard, but more correctly heared. [Sax. heoran, hyran.] 1. To perceive by the ear; to feel an impression of sound by the proper organs. 2. To give audience or allowance to speak. 3. To attend ; to listen ; to obey. 4. To attend favorably ; to regard. 5. To grant an answer to prayer. 6. To attend to the facts, evidence, and arguments in a cause between parties ; to try in a court of law or equity. 7. To acknowledge a title. 8. To be a hearer of ; to sit under the preaching of. 9. To learn. 10. To approve and embrace. — To hear a bird sing, to receive private communication. Shah. Hear, v. i. 1 To enjoy the sense or faculty of perceiving sound. 2. To listen ; to hearken ; to attend. 3. To be loM ; to receive by report. * Heard, ) (hSerd, or ) Perceived bv the ear HeARED, \ herd ) \ ^P- ^^^^ceivea oy me ear. HeAR'ER, n. One who hears ; one who attends to what is orally delivered by another ; an auditor ; one of an audi- ence. HeAR'IXG, ppr. 1. Perceiving by the ear, as sound 2. Listenins to ; attending to ; obeying ; observing what is commanded. 3. Attending to witnesses or advocates in a judicial trial ; trj-ins. Hearing, n. l. The faculty or sense by which sound is perceived. 2. Audience ; attention to what is delivered ; opportunity to be heard. 3. Judicial trial ; attention to the facts, testimony and arguments in a cause between parties, with a view to a just decision. 4. The act of per- ceiving sounds ; sensation or perception of sound. 5. Reach of the ear ; extent within which sound may be heard. HEARK'EN, (hark'kn) v. i. [Sax. heorcnian, hyrenian.] 1 To listen ; to lend the ear ; to attend to what is uttered, with eagerness or curiositv. 2. To attend ; to regard ; to give heed to what is uttered ; to observe or obey. 3. To listen ; to attend ; to grant or comply with. HEARK'EN, (hark kn) i). t. To hear by hstening. [L. u.] HEaRK'EN-ER, (harkkn-er) n. A listener; one whoheark ens. HEaRK'EN-ING, (hark kn-ing) ppr. Listening ; attending ; observing. t HEARS'AL, for rehearsal. Spenser. Hearsay, n. Report; rumor; fame; common talk. It is sometimes used as an adjective ; as, hearsay evidence. HEARSE, (hers) 71 [SeeHERsz.] 1. A temporary monument set over a grava 2. The case or place in which a corpse is deposited. 3. A carnage for conveying the dead to the grave 4. A hind in the second year of her age. HEARSE, (hers) v. t. To inclose in a hearse. Shah. HEARSE CLOTH, (hers kloth) n. A paU ; a cloth to covei a hearse. Sanderson. HEARSE'LiKE, (hers'llke) a. Suitable to a funeral. HEART, (hart) 7i. [Sax.hecrt; G. herz ; D. hart.] 1. A muscular viscus, which is the primary organ of the blood's motion in an animal body, situated in the thorax. 2. The inner part of any thing ; the middle part or interior. 3. The chief part ; the vital part ; the vigorous or etficacious part. 4. The seat of tne aifections and passions Scripture. 5. By a metonymy, heart is used for an affection or pas- sion, and particularly for love. 6. The seat of the under- standing ; as, an understanding heart. Scripture. 7. The seat of the will; hence, secret purposes, intentions or designs. Scripture. 8. Person ; character ; used with respect to courage or kindness. Shak. 9. Courage ; spirit. Milton. 10. Secret thoughts ; recesses of the inind. 11. Disposition of mind. 12." Secret meaning ; real intention. 13. Conscience, or sense of good or ill. Hooker. 14. Strength; power of producing; vigor; fertility. Dryden. 15. The utmost degree. Shak. To get or learii bxj heart, to commit to memory. — To take to heart, to be much affected ; also, to be zealous about a thing. — To laij to heart, is used nearly in the sense of the foregoing. — To set the heart on, to fix the desires on ; to be very fond of. — To set the heart at rest, to make one's self quiet. — To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. — For my heart, for tenderness or affection.— 7"o speak to oiie^s heart, in Scripture, to speak kindly to ; to comfort; to encourage. — To have in the heart, to purpose ; to have design or intention. — A hard heart, cruelty ; want of sen- sibility. HEART, V. i. To encourage. [Aof ?nuch used.] HEART'- ACHE, n. Sorrow; anguish of mind. Shak. HEART'- AL-LuR'ING, a. Suited to allure the affections. Parnell. HEART'-AP-PALL'ING, a. Dismaying the heart. HEART'-BREaK, 71. Overwhelming sorrower grief. Shak. HEART'-BREaK-ER, 71. A lady's curl; a love-lock. HEART'-BREaK-ING, a. Breaking the heart; overpow- ering with grief or sorrow. Spenser. HEART'-BREaK-ING, 71. Overpowering grief; deep af- fliction. Hakeicill. HEART'-BRED, a. Bred in the heart. Crashaw. HEART^-BRoK-EN, a. Deeply afflicted or grieved. • HEART'-BUR-IED, (hart'ber-rid) a. Deeply immersed. HEART'-BURN, n. Cardialgy ; a disease or affection of the stomach. HEART'-BURNED, a. Having the heart inflamed. HEART'-BURN-ING, a. Causmg discontent. HEART'-BURN-ING, 71. 1. Heart-burn, which see. -2, Discontent ; secret enmity. Sjcift. HEART'-CHILLED, c. Having the heart chilled. HEART'-CON-SuM'ING, a. Destroying peace of mind. HEART'-C0R-R6D'ING, a. Preying on the heart. HEART'-DeAR, a. Sincerely beloved. Shak. HEART'-DEEP, a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert. HEART'-DIS-COUR'A-GING, a. Depressing the spirits. HEART'-EASE, n. Quiet; tranquillity of mmd. HEART'-eAS-ING, a. Givuig quiet to the mind. HEART'-eAT-ING, a. Preying on the heart. HEART'-EX-PAND'ING, a. Enlarging the heart ; openiitg the feelings. Thomson. HEART'-FELT, a. Deeply felt ; deeply affecting, either as joy or sorrow. HE ART'-GRIeF, n. Affliction of the heart. Milton. HEART'-HARD-ENED, a. Obdurate ; impenitent ; un feeling. Harmer. HEART'-HARD-EN-ING, a. Rendering cruel. HEART'-HEAV-I-NESS, n. Depression of spirits. HEART'-OF-FEND'ING, a. Wounding the heart. HEART'-PeA, n. A Tplaiit, the cardiospermum. HEART'-aUELI,-ING, a. Conquering the affection. HEART'-REND-ING, a. Breaking the heart ; overpower- ing with ansruish ; deeply afflictive. HEART'-ROB-BING, a. 1. Depriving of thought ; ecstatic. 2. Stealing the heart ; winning. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as iu tAis. t Obsclete. HEA 404 HEA HEART'S'-BLOOD, ) 71. The blood of the heart ; life ; es- HEaRT'-BLOOD, ] sence. HEaRT'S'-e"A*SE, n. A plant, a species of viola. HEART'-SEARCH-ING, a. Searching the secret thoughts and purposes. HEARTf-SieK, a. Sick at heart ; pained in mind ; deeply afflicted or depressed. HEART'-SORE, n. That which pains the heart. HEART'-SORE, a. Deeply wounded. Shak. HEART'-SOR'ROW-ING, a. Sorrowing deeply. t HEART'-STRIKE, v. t. To affect at heart. B. Jonson. HEART'-STRING, n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the heart. Taylor. «EART'-STRU€K, a. I. Driven to the heart j infixed in the mind. 2. Shocked with fear ; dismayed. HEART'-SWELL-ING, a. Rankling in the heart. JIEART'-WHOLE, a. 1. Not affected with love 5 not in love, or not deeply affected. 2. Having unbroken spirits, or good courage. HEART'-WOUND-ED, a. Wounded with love or grief j deeply affected with some passion. Pope. HEART'-WOUND-ING, a. Piercing with grief. HEART'ED, a. 1. Taken to heart ; [o5s.] 2. Composed of hearts 5 [o&s.] 3. Laid up in the heart. Shak.— This, word is chiefly used in composition ; as, hard-hearted, faint- hearted, &c. HEART'ED-NESS, n. Sincerity ; warmth ; zeal ; used in composition. HEART'EN, (har'tn) v. t. 1. To encourage ; to animate ; to incite or stimulate courage. Sidneij. 2. To restore fer- tility or strength to ; [little used.] May. HEART'EN-ER, n. He or that which gives courage or ani- mation. Brown. HEARTH, (harth) n. [Sax. heorth.] A pavement or floor of brick or stone in a chimney, on which a fire is made to warm a roorn. HEARTHLPm^NY,' \ "* ^ *^^ °° hearths. Blackstone. HEART'I-LY, adv. 1. From the heart ; with all the heart j with sincerity ; really. 2. With zeal 3 actively 5 vigor- ouslv. 3. Eagerly ; freely ; largely. HEART'I-NESS, n. 1. Sincerity; zeal; ardor; earnest- ness. 2. Eagerness of appetite. HEART'LESS, a. Without courage ; spiritless ; faint-heart- ed. Dryden. HEART'LESS-LY, adv. Without courage or spirit ; famt- ly ; timidly ; feebly. HEART'LESS-NESS, n. Want of courage or spirit ; dejec- tion of mind ; feebleness. Bp. Hall. HEART'SoME, a. Merry; cheerful; lively. Brockett. HEARTY, a. 1. Having the heart engaged in any thing ; sincere ; warm ; zealous. 2. Proceeding from the heart ; sincere ; warm. 3. Being full of health ; sound ; strong ; healthy. 4. Strong ; durable. JVotton. 5. Having a keen appetite ; eating much. 6. Strong ; nourishing. t HEART'Y-HALE, a. Good for the heart. Spenser. Heat, n. [Sax. heat, hcst.] 1. Heat, as a cause of sensa- tion, that is, the matter of heat, is considered to be a subtil fluid, contained in a greater or less degree in all bodies. In modern chemistry, it is called caloric. 2. Heat, as a sensation, is the effect produced on the sentient organs of animals, by the passage of caloric, disengaged from sur- roundmg bodies, to the organs. 3. Hot air ; hot weather. 4. Any accumulation or concentration of the matter of heat or caloric. 5. The state of being once heated or hot. 6. A violent action unintermitted ; a single effort. 7. A single effort in running ; a course at a race. 8. Redness of the face ; flush. 9. Animal excitement ; violent action or agitation of the system. 10. Utmost violence ; rage ; vehemence. 11. Violence ; ardor. 12. Agitation of mind ; inflammation or excitement ; exasperation. 13. Ardor ; fervency ; animation in thought or discourse. 14. Fermentation. HeAT, v. t. [Sax. hcetan.] 1. To make hot ; to communi- cate heat to, or cause to be hot. 2. To make feverish. 3. To warm with passion or desire ; to excite ; to rouse into action. 4. To agitate the blood and spirits with ac- tion ; to excite animal action. HeAT, v. i To grow warm or hot. HEAT, for heated, is in popular use, and pronounced hel ; but it is not elegant. HeAT'ED, pp. Made hot; hiflamed ; exasperated. HeAT'ER, n. 1. He or that which heats. 2. A triangular mass of iron, which is heated and put iato a box-iron to heat it for ironing clothes. HeAT'FUL, a. Full of warmth. Sylvester. HeATHj'ti. [SsiX. hcBth.] 1. A plant or shrub of the genus erica, of many species. 2. A place overgrown with heath. 3. A place overgrown with shrubs of any kind. HeATH'COGK, n. A large fowl which frequents heaths, a species of grouse. Carew. HeATH'PeA, 71. A species of bitter vetch, oro&Ms. HeATHTOUT, n. A bird, the same as the heath-cock. HeATH'ROSE, n. A plant. Ainsworth. HeATH'EN, (he'then) n. [Sax. hathen ; G. heide ; D. heiden ; Gr. edvog.] 1. A pagan ; a Gentile ; one who worships idols, or is unacquainted with the true God. 2. A rude, illiterate, barbarous person. HeATH'EN, a. Gentile; pagan. Addison. HeATH'EN-ISH, a. 1. Belonging to Gentiles or pagans. 2. Rude; ilhterate ; wild; imcivilized. 3. Barbarous; savage ; cruel ; rapacious. HeATH'EN-ISH-LY, adv. After the manner of heathens. HeATH'EN-ISH-NESS, n. A profane state, like that of the heathens. HeATH'EN-ISM, n. 1. Gentilism ; paganism ; ignorance of the true God ; idolatry. 2. Rudeness ; barbarism ; ig- norance. HeATH'EN-iZE, v. t. To render heathen or heathenish. HEATHER, n. Heath. HeATH'Y, a. Full of heath; abounding with heath. Mor- timer. HeAT'ING, ppr. 1. Making warm or hot; inflaming; rousing the passions ; exasperating. 2. a. Tending to impart heat to ; promoting warmth or heat ; exciting ac- tion ; stimulating. HeAT'LESS, a. Destitute of heat ; cold. Beaumont. HeAVE, (heev) v. t. ; pret. heaved, or hove ; pp. heaved, hove, formerly hoven. [Sax. heafan, he/an, heofan.] 1. To lift : to raise ; to move upward. 2. To cause to swell. 3. To raise or force from the breast. 4. To raise ; to ele- vate ; with high. 5. To puff; to elate. 6. To throw ; to cast ; to send. 7. To raise by turning a windlass ; with up. 8. To turn a windlass or capstan with bars or levers. — To heave ahead, to draw a ship forwards. — To heave astern, to cause to recede; to draw back. — To heave down, to throw or lay down on one side ; to careen. — To heave out, to throw out. With seamen, to loose or unfurl a sail, particularly the stay-sails.— To heave to, to bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her motion. — To heave up, to relinquish ; ivulgar.l Heave, (heev) V. i. 1. To swell, distend or dilate. 2. To pant ; to breathe with labor or pain. 3. To keck ; to make an effort to vomit. 4. To rise in billows, as the sea ; to swell. 5. To rise ; to be lifted. 6. To rise or swell, as the earth at the breaking up of frost. — To heave in sight, to appear ; to make its first appearance. Heave, (heev) n. 1. A rising or swell ; an exertion or effort upward. 2. A rising swell, or distention, as of the breast. 3. An eflbrt to vomit. 4. An effort to rise. HeAVE'-OF-FER-ING, n. Among the Jews, an offermg consisting of the tenth of the tithes which the Levites received. HEAVEN, (hev'n) n. [Sax. lieafen, hefen, heofen.] 1. The region or expanse which surrounds the earth, and which appears above and around us, like an immense arch or vault, in which are seen the sun, moon and stars. — 2. Among Christians, the part of space in which the omni- present Jehovah is supposed to afford more sensible mani- festations of his glory. — 3. Among pagans, the residence of the celestial gods. 4. The sky or air ; the region of the atmosphere ; or an elevated place ; in a very indefinite sense. — 5. The Hebrews acknowledged three heavens — tlie air, or aerial heavens ; the firmament, in which the stars are supposed to be placed ; and the heaven of heav- ens, or third heaven, the residence of Jehovah. Brown. — C. Modern philosophers divide the expanse above and around the earth into two parts — the atmosphere, or aerial heaven, and the ethereal heaven, beyond the region of the air, in which there is supposed to be a thin, unresisting medium, called ether. 7; The Supreme Power; the Sove- reign of heaven ; God. 8. The pagan deities ; celestials. 9. Elevation; sublimity. 10. Supreme felicity; great happiness. HEAV'EN-AS-PIR'ING, a. Aspiring to heaven. HEAV'EN-BAN'ISHED, a. Banished from heaven. HEAV'EN-BE-GOT', a. Begot by a celestial being. Dry- den. HEAVEN-BORN, a. Born from heaven ; native of heaven, or of the celestial regions. Pope. HEAVEN-BRED, a. Produced or cultivated in heavem. HEAVEN-BUiLT, a. Built by the agency or favor of the gods. Pope. HEAV'EN-DI-RE€T'ED, a. 1. Pointing to the sky. 2. Taught or directed by the celestial powers. Pope. HEAVEN-FALL'EN, a. Fallen from heaven ; having re- volted from God. Milton. HEAVEN-GIFT'ED, a. Bestowed by heaven. Milton. HEAVEN-IN-SPTR'ED, a. Inspired by heaven. Milton. HEAVEN-IN-STRU€T'ED, a. Taught by heaven. Cra- shaw. HEAVEN-iZE, (hev'n-ize) v. t. To render like heaven. HEAVEN-KISS'ING, a. Touching as it were the sky. HEAV'EN-LI-NESS, n. Supreme excellence. HEAVEN-L6VED, a. Beloved by heaven. Milton. HEAVEN-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to heaven ; celestial. 2, Resembling heaven ; supremely excellent 3. Inhabiting heaven. * See Synopsis a, E, I, 0, U, Y, long —FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BlRD ;- f Obsolete. HEB 405 HEE HEAV'EN-LY, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that of heaven. 2. By the influence or agency of heaven. IIEAV'EN-LY-MIND'ED, a. Having the affections placed on heaven, and on spiritual things. HEAV'EN-LY-MlND'ED-NESS, n. The state of having the affections placed on heavenly things. HEAV'EN-SA-LUT'ING, a. Touching the sky. Cra- shaiD. HEAVEN-WARD, adv. Toward heaven. Prior. HEAV'EN-WAR'RING, a. Warring against heaven. He AVER, 71.' One who heaves or lifts.— Among seamen, a staff for a lever. Heaves, (heevz) n. A disease of horses, characterized by difficult and laborious respiration. HEAVI-LY, (hev'e-ly) adv. 1. With great weight. 2. With great weight of grief; grievously; afflictively 3. Sorrowfully ; with grief. 4. With an air of sorrow or dejection. 5. With weight; oppressively. 6. Slowly and laboriously ; with difficulty. HEAV'I-NESS, (hev'e-nes) n. 1. Weight; ponderousness ; gravity ; the quality of being heavy. 2. Sadness ; sor- row ; dejection of mind ; depression of spirits. 3. Slug- gishness ; torpidness ; dullness of spirit ; languidness ; languor ; lassitude. 4. Weight ; burden; oppression. 5. That which it requkes great strength to move or over- come ; that which creates labor and difficulty. 6. Thick- ness ; moistness ; deepness. 7. Thickness ; moistness ; as of air. Heaving, fpr. Lifting; swelling; throwing; panting; making an effort to vomit. Heaving, %. a rising or swell ; a panting. Shak. HEAV'I-SoME, a. Dark ; dull ; drowsy. Craven dia- lect. HEAVY, (hev'y) a. [Sax. heafis, hefig.'] I. Weighty; ponderous ; having great weight, 2. Sad ; sorrowful ; dejected ; depressed in mind. 3. Grievous ; afflictive ; depressing to the spirits. 4. Burdensome ; oppressive. 5. Wanting life and animation ; dull. 6. Drowsy; dull. 7. Wanting spirit or animation ; destitute of life or rapid- ity of sentiment ; dull. 8. Wanting activity or vivacity; indolent. 9. Slow ; sluggish. 10. Burdensome ; tedious. 11. Loaded; encumbered; burdened. 12. Lying with weight on the stomach ; not easily digested. 13. Moist ; deep ; soft ; miry. 14. Difficult ; laborious. 15. Weary ; supported with pain or difficulty. 16. Inflicting severe evils, punishments or judgments. 17. Burdensome ; oc- casioning great care. 18. Dull ; not hearing ; inattentive. 19. Large, as billows ; swelling and rolhng with great force. 20. Large in amount. 21. Thick ; dense ; black. 22. Violent ; tempestuous. 23. Large ; abimdant. 24. Great ; violent ; forcible. 25. Not raised by leaven or fermentation ; not light ; clammy. 23. Requiring much labor or much expense. 27. Loud.— ifea???/ metal, in mil- itary affairs, signifies large guns, carrying balls of a large size. HEAVY, (hev'y) adv. With great weight ; used in compo- sition. t HEAVY, (hev'y) v. t. To make heavv. Wicklife. HEAVY-HAND-ED, a. Clumsy ; not active or dextrous. HEAVY-LaD'EN, a. Laden with a heavy burden. HEAVY-SPAR, n. A genus of minerals. HeAZ'Y, a. [Icel. hoese.] Hoarse ; taking breath with dif- ficulty. [Provincial.] tHEB'DO-MAD, 71. [Gr. £j8(5o/^a?,- L. hebdojnada.] A week; a period of seven daj's. Brown. HEB-DOM'A-DAL, ) a. Weekly ; consisting of seven HEB-DOM'A-DA-RY, \ days, or occurring every seven days. HEB-DOM'A-DA-RY, n. A member of a chapter or con- vent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir. HEB-DO-MAT'I-€AL, a. Weekly. Bp. Morton. HEB'EN, 77,. Ebony. Spenser. HEB'E-TATE, v. t. [L. hebeto.'] To dull ; to blunt ; to'^tu- pefy. HEB'E-TA-TED, pp. Made blunt, dull or stupid. HEB'E-TA-TING, ^r. Rendering blunt, dull or stupid. HEB-E-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of making blunt, dull or stupid. 2. The state of being dulled. t HE-BeTE', a. Dull ; stupid. HEB'E-TUDE, n. [L. liebetudo.] Dullness ; stupidity. HE-BRa'I€, a. [from Hebrew .] Pertaining to the Hebrews; designating the language of the Hebrews. HE-BRA'I-eAL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Hebrew language ; from right to left. Swift. * He'BRA-ISM, 72. A Hebrew idiom. * He'BRA-IST, n. One versed in the Hebrew language. He'BRA-iZE, v. t. To convert into the Hebrew idiom ; to make Hebrew. J. P. Smith. He'BRA-iZE, v. i. To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the Hebrews. He'BREW, n. [Heb. "IJ^ Eber, either a proper name, or a name denoting passage, pilgrimage, or coming from beyond the Euphrates.] 1. One of the descendants of Eber or Heber ; but particularly, a descendant of Jacob, who was a de- scendant of Eber ; an Israelite ; a Jew. 2. The Hebrew language. He'BREW, a. Pertaining to the Hebrews. He'BREW-ESS, n. An Israelitish woman. HE-BRl"CIAN, 71. One skilled in the Hebrew language. HE-BRIDT-AN, a. Pertaining to the Hebrides. HE€'A-TC>MB, n. [L. hecatombe.] In antiquity, a sacrifice of a hundred oxen or beasts of the same kind, HE€K, 71. 1. An engine or instrument for catching fish. 2. A rack for holding fodder for cattle ; [local,'] 3 A bend in a stream. 4. A hatch or latch of a door; [local.] HE€;Xjosand cTaros.] An uistrument by which a sunbeam may be steadily directed to one spot. He'LI-O-TROPE, n. [Gr. rjXios and rpsTrw.] 1, Among the ancients, an instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and the equinoctial line. 2. A genus of plants, the turnsole. 3. A mineral. HEL-IS-PHER'I€, I a. Spiral. The helispherical lice HEL-IS-PHER'I-CAL, \ is the rhumb line in navigation. He'LIX, 11. [Gr. iA(^.] I. A spiral line; a winding; or something that is spiral. — ^2. In zoology, the snail-shell. HELL, n. [i:ax.heU,helle.] 1. The place or state of pun - ishment for the wicked after death. 2. The place of the dead, or of souls after death ; the lower regions, or the grave. 3. The pains of /tell, temporal death, or agonies that dying persons feel, or which bring to the brink of the grave. 4. The gates of hell, the power and policy of Sa- tan and his instruments. 5. The infernal powers. 6. The place at a running play to which are carried those who are caught. 7. A place into which a tailor throws his shreds. 8. A dungeon or prison ; [obs.] HELL BLACK, a. Black as hell. Shak. HELL -BORN, a. Born in hell. HELL'-BRED, a. Produced in hell. HELL'-BREWED, a. Prepared in hell. HELL'-BROTH, n. A composition for infernal purposes. HELL'-CAT, 71. A witch ; a hag. Middleton. HELL-CON-FOUND 'ING, a. Defeating the infernal pow ers. HELL'-DOOMED, a. Doomed or consigned to hell. Milton HELL'-G6V-ERNED, a.' Directed by hell. Shak. HELL'-HAG, v. A hag of hell. HELL'-HaT-ED, a. Abhorred as hell. Shak. HELL'-HAUNT-ED, a. Haunted by the devil. HELL'-HOUND, n. A dog of hell ; an agent of hell. HELL'-KlTE, n. A kite of an infernal breed. HEL'LE-BORE, n. [L. helleborus.] The name of several plants of different genera, the most important of which are the black hellebore, Christmas rose, or Christmas flower. HEL'LE-BO-RTSM, n. A medicinal preparation of helle- bore. Ferrand. HEL-Li?'NI-AN, ) a. [Gr. iWriviKog, iWrjviog.] Pertaining HEL-LEN'ie, ) to the Hellenes, or inhabitants ol Greece. HEL'LEN-ISM, 71. [Gr. IWriviap-os.] A phrase in the idiom, genius or construction of the Greek language. HEL'LEN-IST, n. [Gr. iWriviarvs.] 1. A Grecian Jew ; a * See S^opsis A, E, I, O, U Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PiN, MARINE, BiRD j— f Obsolete. HEM 407 HEN Jew who used the Greek language. 2. One skilled in the Greek language. HEL-LE-NIS'TI€, a. Pertaining to the Hellenists. HEL-LE NIS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. According to the Helle- nistic dialect. Gregory. HEL'LE-NiZE, v. u To use the Greek language. HEL'LES-PONT, n. A narrow strait between Europe and Asia, now called the Dardanelles. HEL-LES-PONT'iiNE, a. Pertaining to the Hellespont. tHEL'LI-ER, n. A tiler or slater. See Hele. HELL'ISH, a. 1. Pertaining to hell. 2. Like hell in quali- ties ; infernal ; malignant ; wicked ; detestable. HELL'ISH-LYj adv. Infernally ; with extreme malignity ; wickedly ; detestably. Bp. Barloic. HELL'ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of hell or of its inhabit- ants ; extreme wickedness, malignity or impiety. HELL'WAPvD, adu. Towards hell. Pope. HELL'Y, a. Having the qualities of liell. Anderson. HELM, a termination, denotes defense ; as in Sighelm, vic- torious defense. HELM, 71. [SsiX. hehna; G. helm.] 1 The instrument by which a ship is steered. 2. Station of government j the place of direction or management. HELM, v.t. 1. To steer ; to guide ; to direct ; [little iised.] Shak. 2. To cover with a helmet. Milton. HELM, \ n. [Sax. helm.] 1. Defensive armor for the HELM'ET, ] head] a head-piece: a morion. 2. The part of a coat of arms that bears the crest. 3. The upper part of a retort. — 4. In botany, the upper lip of a ringent corol . hIlmIiT-ED I '^- Furnished with a helmet. HEL-MIN'THie, a [Gr. iXpiivs.] ExpeUing worms. HEL-MIN'THI€, n A medicine for expelling worms. HEL-MIN-TH0-L0G'I€, ) a. Pertaining to worms or HEL-Mm-THO-LOG'I €AL, \ vermes. HEL-MIN THOL'0-GIST, n. One who is versed in the natural history of vermes. riEL-MLNT-THOL O-GY, n. [Gr. f'Af/tv? and '\oyoi.] The science or knowledge of vermes ; the description and natural history of vermes. HELM'LESS, a. I. Destitute of a helmet. 2. Without a helm. HELMS'MAN, n. The man at the helm. HELM'WIND, n. A wind in the mountainous parts of England, so called. Burn. HEL'OT-ISM, n. Slavery ; the condition of the Helots, slaves in Sparta. Stephens. HELP, V. t. a regular verb ; the old past tense and partici- ple holp and holpen being obsolete. [W. helpu ; Sax. helpan, hijlpan.] 1. To aid ; to assist : to lend strength or means to- wards effecting a purpose. 2. To assist ; to succor ; to lend means of deliverance. 3. To relieve ; to cure, or to mitigate pain or disease. 4. To remedy ; to change for the better. 5. To prevent ; to hinder. 6. To forbear ; to avoid. — To help forward, to advance by assistance. — To help on, to forward ; to promote by aid. — To help out, to aid in delivering from difficulty. — To help over, to enable to surmount.— 7'o help off, to remove by help. — To help to, to supply with ; to furnish with. HELP, V. i. To lend aid ; to contribute strength or means.— To help out, to lend aid ; to bring a supply. HELP, 71. [W, help.] 1. Aid ; assistance. 2. That which gives assistance ;" he or that which contributes to advance a purpose. 3. Remedy ; relief. 4. A hired man or wo- man ; a servant. United States. HELP'ER, 71. L One that helps, aids or assists ; an assist- ant ; an auxiliary. 2. One that furnishes or administers a remedy. 3. One that supplies with any thing wanted ; with to. 4. A supernumerary servant. HELP'FUL, a. 1. That gives aid or assistance ; that fur- nishes means of promoting an object ; useful. 2. Whole- some ; salutary. HELP'FTJL-NESS, n. Assistance ; usefulness. HELP'LESS, a. 1. Without help in one's self j destitute of the power or means to succor or relieve one's self. 2. Destitute of support or assistance. 3. Admitting nohelp : irremediable ; [not zised.] 4. Unsupplied ; destitute ; [obs.] IIELP'LESS-LY, fl(Zy. Without succor. Kid. HELP'LESS-I^ESS, n. Want of strength or ability; in- ability. HELP'MATL, n. A companion ; an assistant. HEL'TER-SKEL'TER. Cant words denoting huiTy and confusion. [ Vulgar.] HELVE, (helv) n. [Sax. helf.] The handle of an axe or hatchet. HELVE, (helv) v. t. To furnish with a helve, as an axe. HEL-VET'I€, a. [Sax. Hxfelden.] Designating what per- tains to the Helvetii, or to the Swiss. HEL'VIN, 71. A mineral of a yellowish color. HEM, 71. [Sax. 7je?w.] 1. The border of a garment, doubled and sewed to strengthen it, and prevent the raveling of the threads. 2. Edge ; border. 3. A particular sound of the human voice, expressed by the word hem. HEM, v.t. 1. To form a hem or border ; to fold and sew down the edge of cloth to strengthen it. 2. To border ; to edge. — To hem in, to inclose and confine ; to surround, to environ. HEM, V. i. [D. hemmen ] To make the sound expressed by the word hem. HEM'A-€HATE, n. [Gr. aijia and axarris.] A species of agate, of a blood color. HEM'A-TIN, 71. The coloring principle of logwood. HEM'A-TITE, 77. [Gr. aniariTrig.] The name of two ores of iron, the red hematite, and the brown hematite. HEM-A-TIT'I€, a. Pertauiing to hematite. HEM'A-TOPE, n. The sea-pye, a fowl. HEM-ER-O-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. i^/ttpa and jSaTrrw.J One of a sect among the Jews who bathed every day. HEM'I, in composition, from the Gr. Tj/^iernj, signifies half, like demi and semi. HEM'I-€RA-NY, n. [Gr. rj^iavg and Kgaviov.] A pain that affects only one side of the head. HEM'I-C-Y-€LE, n. [Gr. hl^iKVKKog.] Ahalfckcle. HE-MID'I-TONE, n. In Greek music, the lesser third. HEBI'I-NA, 7;. [L.] 1. In Roman antiquity, a measure con- taining half a sextary. — 2. In medicine, a measure equal to about ten ounces. HEM'I-PLE-GY, 7?. [Gr. niJ^icvs and ttXj?)/??.] A palsy that affects one half of the body. HE-MIF'TEK, ) n. [Gr. >;//to-i; and TTTtpov.] An order of HE-MTP'TE-RA, \ insects. HE-MIP'TE-RAL, a. Having the upper wings half crusta- ceous and half membranaceous. HEM'I-SPHERE, n. [Gr. I'uxia^aipiov.] I. A half sphere ; one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane passing through its centre.— In astronomy, one half the mundane sphere. 2. A map or projection of half the ter- restrial globe. HEM-I-SPHER'I€, \ a. Containing half a sphere or HEiM-I-SPHER'I-€AL, S globe. *HEM'I-STI€H, 71. [Gx.iijjLicTixiov.] Half a poetic verse, or a verse not completed. Dryden. HE-MIS'TI-€HAL, a. Pertaining to a hemistich ; denoting a division of the verse. Warton. HEM'I-TONE, 71. [Gx. hl^LTOviov.] A half tone in tbmsic ; now called a semitone. HEM'I-TROPE, a. [Gr. tjukjvs and rpsTrw.] Half turned ; a hemitrope crystal is one in which one segment is turned through half the circumference of a circle. HEM'LOe, 71. [Sax. hemleac] 1. A plant of the genua conium, whose leaves and root are poisonous. 2. A tree of the genus pimis, an evergreen. 3. A poison, an infu- sion or decoction of the poisonous plant. HEM'MEL, 7!. A shed ; a hovel ; a covering for cattle. HE-MOP'TY-SIS, ) a. [Gr. aiixa and nrvais.] A spitting of PIE-MOP'TO-E, ] blood. HEM'OR-RHAGE, \n. [Gr. aiixoppayia.] A flux of blood HEM'0R-RHA-6Y, \ proceeding from the rapture of a blood vessel, or some other cause. HEM'OR-RHA-GIC, a. Pertaining to a flux of blood; con- sisting in hemorrhage. HEM'OR-RHOIDS, n. [Gr. aiijoppon.] A discharge of blood from the vessels of the anus ; the piles ; in Scripture , emerods. HEM-OR-RHOID'AL, a. 1. Pertaining to the hemorrhoids. 2. Consisting in a flux of blood from the vessels of the anus. HEMP, n. [Sax. henep ; G hanf.] 1. A fibrous plant consti- tuting the genus cannabis, whose skin or bark is used for cloth and cordage. 2. The skin or rind of the plant, pre- pared for spinning. HEMP-AG'RI-MO-NY, n. A plant. HEMP'EN, (hemp'n) a. Made of hemp. HEMP'Y, a. Like hemp. [Unusual.] Howell HEN, 7!. [Sax. hen, henne.] The female of any kind of fowl ; but it is particularly applied to the female of the domestic fowl of the gallinaceous kind. HEN'BANE, 7i. A plant, the hyoscyamus. Encyc. HEN'BIT, 71. A plant, the ivy-leaved speed-well. HEN'-€OOP, 71. A coop or cage for fowls. HEN'-DRTV-ER, 71. A kind of hawk. Walton. HEN'-HARM, )n. A species of kite, pygargus .^ins- HEN'-HAR-RIER, \ worth. HEN'HEART-ED, a. Cowardly ; timid ; dastardly HEN'HOUSE, 71. A house or shelter for fowls. HEN'PECKED, a. Governed by the wife. Dryden. HEN'ROOST, 71. A place where poultry rest at night. HENS'FEET, n. A plant, hedge-fumitory. Johnson. HENCE, (hens) at^TJ. [Sax. Aeovia.] 1. From this place. 2. From this time ; in the future. 3. From this cause or rea- son, noting a consequence, inference or deduction from something just before stated. 4. From this source or orig- inal.— ITe/ice signifies from this, and from before hence la ' See !iynopsi,<>. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE j-BULL, UNITE.-C as K ; 6 as J -, S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. HER 408 HER not strictly correct.— Hence, as a verb, to send off, as used by Sidney_, is improper. HENCE'FoRTH, (liens'forth) adt). Prom this time forward. HENCE-FOR'WARD, (hens-for'vvard) adv. From this time forward ; henceforth. Dry den. f HENCH/JMAN, or f HENCH'BOY, n. [Sax. hinc.'] A page j a servant Dryden. tHEND, or f KENT, v. t. [Sax. hentan.] 1. To seize 5 to lay hold en. 2. To crowd : to press on. t HEND, or HENDY, a. Gentle. Chaucer. HEN-DEG'A-GON, n. [Gr. ivScKa and yujvia.] In geome- try, a figure of eleven sides, and as many angles. HEN-DE€-A-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. ivScKa and cvWaPr}.] A metrical line of eleven syllables. IIEN-Dl'A-DIS, n.' [Gr.] A figure, when two nouns are used instead of a noun and an adjective. HEP, 71. [Sax. keap.] The fruit of wild brier, or dog-rose ; commonly written hip. Bacon. He'PAR, rt. [h.hepar.] A combination of sulphur with an alkali. HE-PAT'I€, i a. [I hepaticus.] Pertaining to the HE-PATa-€AL, \ liver. HEP'A-TITE, n. A gem or mineral ; fetid sulphate of barytes. HEP'A-TiZE, V. t. To impregnate with sulphureted hydro- gen gas^ HEP'A-TiZED, p^. Impregnated or combined with sulphur- eted hydrogen gas. HEP-A-TOS'eO-PY, n. [Gr. ^nap and cKoniu).] The art or practice of divination by inspecting the liver of animals. HEP'PEN, a. [Sax. hoiplic.] Neat ; decent •, comfortable. Orose. HEPS, n. The berries of the hep-tree. HEP-TA-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [Gr. inra, and L. capsula.] Having seven cells or cavities for seeds. HEP'TA-€HORD, n. [Gr. irrra and XopcJ??.] A system of seven sounds. — In ancient poetry, verses sung or played on seven chords or different notes. HEP'TA-GON, 71. [Gr. iiTTa and yoovia.] In geometry, a figure consistuig of seven sides and as many angles. — In fortification, a place that has seven bastions for defense. HEP-TAG'O-NAL, a. Having seven angles or sides. HEP'TA-GYN, n. [Gr. iirra and yvvrj.'j In botany, a plant that has seven pistils. HEP-TA-GYN'I-AN, a. Having seven pistils. HEP-TA^HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. hra, and L. hexahe- dral.] Presenting seven ranges of faces one above another, each range containing six faces. HEP-TAM'E-REDE, n. [Gr. hra and fiepis.] That which divides into seven parts. A. Smith. HEP-TAND'ER, n. [Gr. irrra and avvp.] In botany, a plant having seven stamens. HEP-TAN'DRI-AN, a. Having seven stamens. HEP-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. hra, and L. angular.] Hav- ing seven angles. HEP-TAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. hra and (pvWov-] Having seven leaves. HEP-TAR'GHie, a. Denoting a sevenfold government. HEP'TAR-€HIST, n. A ruler of one division of a heptar- chy. Warton. HEP'TAR-GHY, n. [Gr. iizra and aQ^n-l A government by seven persons, or the country governed by seven persons. But the word is usually applied to England, when under the government of seven Saxon kings. HEP'TA-TEUGH, n. [Gr. hra and Tivxo?.] The first seven books of the Old Testament. [Little used.] HEP'- TREE, 71. The wild dog-rose, a species of rosa. HER, (hur) an adjective, or pi-onominal adjective, of the third person. [Sax. Aire, sing, heoru.] 1. Belonging to a female. 2. It is used before neuter nouns in personification — Her is also used as a pronoun or substitute for a female in the objective case, after a verb or preposition. HER'ALD, n. [Fr. heraut, for herault.] 1. An officer whose business was to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the commander of an army. 2. A proclairaer ; a publisher 3. A forerunner; a precursor; a harbinger. 4. An ofiicer in Great Britain, whose business is to marshal, order and conduct royal cavalcades, ceremonies at coronations, royal marriages, installations, creations of dukes and other nobles, embassies, funeral processions, declarations of war, proclamations of peace, &c. ; also, to record and blazon the arms of the nobility and gentry, and to regu- late abuses therein.— 5. Formerly, applied by the French to a minstrel. HER'ALD V. t. To introduce, as by a herald. HER'AL-Die, or HE-RAL'DIG, a. Pertaining to heralds or heraldry. HER-ALD'RY, n. The art or office of a herald ; the art of recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns armorial. HER'ALD-SHIP, n. The office of a herald. Selden. HERB, (erb) n. [L. herba ; Fr. herbe.] 1. A plant or vegeta- ble with a soft or succulent stalk or stem , which dies to the root every year.— 2. In the Linnean botany, that part of a vegetable which springs from the root and is terminated by the fructification. HERB'-GHRIST'O-PHER, n. A plant. HERB-ROB'ERT, n. A plant, a species of geranium. HER-Ba'CEOUS, a. [L. herbaceus.] Pertaining to herbs. HERB'AGE, (erb'aje) n. [Fr.] 1. Herbs collectively; grass ; pasture ; green food for beasts.— 2. In law, the liber- ty or right of pasture in the forest or grounds of another man. HERBA6ED, (erb'ajd) a. Covered with grass. Thomson. HERB'AL, n. 1. A book that contains the names and de- scriptions of plants. 2. A hortus siccus, or dry garden ; a collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved. HERB'AL, a. Pertaining to herbs. HERB'AL-IST, n. A person skilled in plants; one who makes collections of plants. fHERB'AR, u. An herb. Spenser. HERB'A-RIST, n. A herbalist. [Little used.] Boyle. HER-Ba'RI-UM, 71. A collection of dried plants. HERB'A-RlZE. See Herborize. HERB'A-RY, n. A garden of plants. Warton. HERB'E-LET, 71. A small herb. Shak. t HERB'ER, n. Formerly, an arbor. See Herbary. HER-BES'CENT, a. [L. herbescens.] Growing into herbs HERB'ID, a. [L. herbidus.] Covered with herbs. HER-BIV'0-ROUS, a. [L, herba and voro.] Eating herbs; subsisting on herbaceous plants. HERB'LESS, (erb'Ies) a. Destitute of herbs. Warton. HERB'0-RIST. [See Herbalist.] Ray. HER-BO-RI-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of seeking plants in the field ; botanical research. 2. The figure of plants m minreal suhstances. See Arborization. HERB'0-RiZE, v. i. To search for plants, or to seek new species of plants, with a view to ascertain their charac- ters, and to class them. HERB'O-RiZE, v. t. To figure ; to form the figures of plants in minerals. [See Arborize.] Fourcroy. HERB'O-RiZED, pp. Figured ; containing the figure of a plant ; as a mineral body. HERB'0-RlZ-li\G, ppr. 1. Searching for plants. 2. Form- ing the figures of plants in minerals. t HER'BOR-OUGH, 71. [Germ. AerZ/er^.] Place of temporary residence. HEEB'OLS, a. [L. herbosus.] Abounding with herbs. HERB'TJ-LENT, a. Containing herbs. Diet. HERB'VVOM-AN, (erb'wum-an) n. A woman that sells herbs. HERB'Y,a. Haying the nature of herbs. [L. u.] Bacon. * HER-€u'LE-AN, a. [from Hercules.] 1. Very" great, difli- cult or dangerous ; as, Herculean labor. 2. Having ex- traordinary strength and size. 3. Of extraordinary strength, force or power. HER'€U-LeS, n. A constellation in the northern hemi- sphere, containing 113 stars. HER-CYN'I-AN,^ a. [from Her cynia.] Denoting an extensive forest in Germany. HERD, n. [Sax. herd, heard.] 1. A collection or assem- blage ; applied to beasts, when feeding or driven together 2. A company of men or people, in contempt or detestation ; a crowd ; a rabble. HERD, n. [Sax. hyrd.] A keeper of cattle ; used by Spenser, and still used in Scotlaitd, but in English now seldom or never used, except in composition. HERD, v. i. 1. To unite or associate, as beasts ; to feed or run in collections. 2. To associate. HERD, V. t. To form or put into a herd. B. Jonson. t HERD'ESS, n. A shepherdess, Chaucer. f HERD'GROOM, 7*. A keeper of a herd. Spenser. HERD'ING,j>p7-. Associating in companies. HERD'M AN, ) n. 1. A keeper of herds ; one employed in HERDS'MAN, \ tending herds of cattle. 2. Formerly, the owner of a herd. HERE, adv. [Goth, and Sax. her ; G., D. hier.] 1. In this place ; in the place where the speaker is present. 2. In the present life or state, 3. It is used in making an offer or attempt, 4, In drinking health.— /t is neither here nor there, it is neither in this place nor in that ; neither in one place nor in another.— ifcre and there, in one place and another ; in a dispersed manner or condition ; thinly ; or irregularly. HeRE'A-BOUT, I , Ai, *.v,- 1 Hir.RE'A-BOUTS \ '^' -^"out this place. Addison. HeRE-aF'TER, adv. 1. In time to come ; in some future time. 2, In a future state, HERE-AF'TER, 71. A future state. Addison HERE-AT', ado. At this. HERE-BY', adv. By this. V/atts. HERE-IN', adv. In this. HERE-IN-TO', adv. Into this. Hooker. HERE-OF', aE, v. [Gr. i|-^ A series of six numbers. HEX'A-GONj ji [Gr. f| and ywvia.] In geometry, a figure of six sides an; six angles. HEX-AG'O-NAL, a. Having six sides and six angles. HEX AG'O-NY, for hexagon, is not used. HEX- A-GYN, n. [Gr. f| and yvvr].'] In botany, a plant that lias six pistils. HEX-A-6YN'I-AN, a. Having six pistils. HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. Of the figure of a hexahedron ; hav- ing six equal sides. HEX-A-HiL'DRON, n. [Gr. f| and t^pa.] A regular solid body of six sides ; a cube. HEX-A-HEM'E-RON, n. [Gr. f| and /y/zEpa.] The term of six days. Good. HEX-AM'E-TER, m. [Gr. f | and /^erpoi/.] In ancient poetry , a verse of six feet. flEX-AM'E-TER, a. Having six metrical feet. HEX-A-MET'Rie, ) a. Consisting of six metrical feet. HEX-A-MET'RI-€AL, WaHon. HEX-AN'DER, n. [Gr. i| and avr)p.\ In lotany, a plant having six stamens. HEX-AN'DRI-AN, a. Having six stamens. HEX-AN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. if, and angular.] Having six angles or corners. HEX'A-PED, a. [Gr. i^ and ttous,] Having six feet. HEX'A-PED, n. 1. An animal having six feet. [Johnson writes this hexapod.] 2. A fathom ; [obs.] HEX-A-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. i^ and TreraXov.] Having six petals or flower-leaves. HEX-APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. i| and ^uXXov.] Having six leaves. HEX'A-PLAR, a. [Gr. f| and aTrXow.] Sextuple ; contain- ing six columns. HEX'A-STICH, n. [Gr. i^ and on^os.] A poem consisting of six verses. HEX'A-STyLE, n. [Gr. i| and otuXoj. j A building with six columns in front. Encye. HEY. An exclamation of joy or mutual exhortation. HEY'DaY, exclam. An expression of frolick and exulta- tion, and sometimes of wonder. Shak. HEY'DaY, n.A frolick ; wildness. Shak. t HEY-DE GUY', n. [perhaps from /leyda?/ and ^wise.] A kind of dance ; a country dance or round. Spenser. t HI-a[^TION, m. [L. hio.] The act of gaping." [L.] 1. An a chasm. 2. The opening of the mouth in readin"g'of HI-A'TUS, n. opening; an aperture ; a gap ; speaking. 3. A defect ; a chasm in a manuscript, where some part is lost or effaced. Hl'BER-NA-€LE, n. [L. hibernacula.'j 1. In botany, the winter-quarters of a pliant. 2. The wmter-lodge of a wild anhnal. HI-BERN'ALj a. [L. hibemus.] Belonging to winter. Hi'BER-NATE, v. i. [L. hiberno.] To winter ; to pass the season of winter in close quarters or in seclusion. Darwin. HI-BER-Na'TION, n. The passing of winter in a close lodge, as beasts and fowls. Darwin. HI-BER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland. HI-BER'NI-AN, 71. A native of Ireland. HI-BERN'I-CISM, n. An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to the Irish. HI-BER'NO-CEL'TI€, n. The native language of the Irish ; the Gaelic. HIC'CIUS DOC'CIUS. [qu. hie est docius.] A cant word for a juggler. Hudibras. * HICCOUGH, or HICK'UP, n. [Dan. hik, or hikken.] A spasmodic affection of the stomach, esophagus, and mus- cles subservient to deglutition. HICCOUGH, or HICK'UP, v. i. To have a spasmodic af- fection of the stomach from repletion or other cause. HICK'0-RY, 71. A tree, a species of jif^Zans or walnut. HICK'WALL, ) n. [qu. hitchwalL] A small species of HICK'WAY, \ woodpecker. HID, or HID'DEN, pjj. of /tide. 1. Concealed; placed in se- crecy. 2. a. Secret ; unseen. 3. Mysterious. HiD'AGE, 71. An extraordinary tax formerly paid to the kings of England for every hide of land. HI-DAL'GO, 71. In Spain, a man of noble birth. HID'DEN-LY, adv. In a hidden or secret fanner. Hide, v. t.; pret. hid; pp. hid, hidden. [Sax. hydan.] 1. To conceal ; to withhold or withdraw from sight. 2. To conceal from knowledge ; to keep secret. — 3. In Scrip- ture, not to confess or disclose ; or to excuse and extenu- ate. 4. To protect ; to keep in safety. Hide, v.i. To lie concealed; to keep one's self out of view ; to be withdrawn from sight.— Bide and seek, a play of boys, in which some hide themselves and another seeks them. Hide, n. In the ancient laws of England, a certain por tion of land. Hide, 7(. [&aK. hyd, hyde.] I. The skin of an animal. 2. The human skin, in contempt. HiDE'BOUND, a. 1. A horse is hidebound, when his skin sticks closely to his ribs and back. 2. Harsh ; untracta- ble ; [not used.] 3. Niggardly ; penurious ; [obs.] * IIID'E-OUS, a. [Fr. hideux.] 1 Frightful to the sight ; dreadful ; sliocknig to the eye. 2. Shocking to the ear • exciting terror. 3. Detestable. * HID'E-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to frighten ; dreadfullj- , shockingly. * HID'E-OUS-NESS, n. Frightfulness to the eye ; dreadful- ness ; horribleness. HiD'ER, 71. One who hides or conceals. HTD'ING, ppr. Concealing ; covering or withdrawing from view ; keeping close or secret. HiD'ING, 71. 1. Concealmen-t, 2. Withdrawment ; a with- holding. Milner. HiD'ING-PLACE, n. A place of concealment. HiE, V. i. [Sax. higan, higian.] 1, To hasten ; to move of run with haste ; to go In haste. 2. With the reciprocal pronoun. See Syn ^psis. A, E, T, O, O, It, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ,— f Obsolete. HIG 411 HIG f HIE, 71. Haste; diligence. Chaucer. Hl'E-RAR€H, n. [Gr. kpo? and ap;^of.] The chief of a sa- cred order; particularhj, the chief of an order uf angels. HI-E-RAE,€H'AL, a. Belonging to a hierarch. Milton. HI-E-RAR€H'I-€AL, a. Belonging to a sacred order, or to ecaesiastica! government. Hl'E-RAR-€HY, n. 1. An order or rank of angels or ce- lestial beings ; or a subordination of hdy beings. 2. Constitution and government of the Christian church, or ecclesiastical polity, comprehending different orders of clergy. Hi'E-RO-GLYPH, J w. [Gr. kpoff and yXu^w.] 1 Inaw- HI-E-RO-GLYPH'I€, \ tiqidty, a sacred character ; a mys- tical character or symbol, used in writings and inscrip- tions, particularly "by the Egyptians, as signs of sacred, divine or supernatural things. 2. Pictures intended to express historical facts. 3. The art of writing in pictui-e. HI-E-RO-GLYPH'ie, ) a. Emblematic ; expressive of I1I-E-R0-GLYPH'I-€AL, ) some meaning by characters, pictures or figures. HI-E-RO-GLYPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. Emblematically. Hi'E-RO-GRAM, n. [Gr. hpos and ypaiina.] A species of sacred writing. HI-E-RO-GRAM-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. Upos and ypamia.] De- notuig a kind of writing in sacred or sacerdotal charac- ters. HI-E-RO-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A writer of hieroglyphics. HI-E-RO-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to sacred writ- HI-E-RO-GRAPH'I-CAL, \ ing. IIT-E-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. hpos and ypacpta.] Sacred writing. [Little used.] HI-E-R0L'0-6Y, n. [Gr. lepos and 'Xoyog.] A discourse on sacred things. HT'E-RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. lepos and jxavTeta.] Divination by observing the various things offered in sacrifice. III-E-ROM'NE-MON, n. [Gr. lepos and iivrjixutv.] In ancient Greece, a magistrate who presided over the sacred rites and solemnities, &c. Mitford. *Hl'E-RO-PHANT, or HI-ER'0-PHANT, n. [Gr. iepo(pav- rrjs.] A priest ; one who teaches the mysteries and duties of religion. HIG'GLE, V. i. 1. To carry provisions about and offer them for sale. 2. To chaffer ; to be difficult in making a bar- gain. IIIG'GLE-DY-PIG'GLE-DY, adv. In confusion ; a low word. HIG'GLER, n. 1. One who carries about provisions for sale. 2. One who chaffers in bargaining. High, (hi) a. [Sax. heah, hig, heh, or hih.] 1. Extending a great distance above the surface of the earth ; elevated ; lofty ; of great altitude. 2. Rising, or having risen, or being far above the earth ; elevated ; lofty. 3. Elevat- ed above the horizon. 4. Raised above any object. 5. Exalted in nature or dignity. 6. Elevated in rank, condi- tion or oftice. 7. Possessing or governed by honorable pride ; noble ; exalted ; magnanimous ; dignified. 8. Ex- alted in excellence or extent. 9. Difficult ; abstruse. 10. Boastful; ostentatious. 11. Arrogant; proud; lofty; loud. 12. Loud ; boisterous ; threatening or angry. 13. Violent ; severe ; oppressive. 14. Public ; powerful ; tri- umphant ; glorious. 15. Noble ; illustrious ; honorable. 16. Expressive of pride and haughtiness. 17. Powerful; mighty. 18. Possessed of supreme power, dominion or excellence. 19. Great; important ; solemn ; held in ven- eration. 20. Violent ; rushing %vith velocity ; tempestu- ous. 21. Tumultuous ; turbulent ; inflamed ; violent. 22. Full ; complete. 23. Raised ; accompanied by, or proceeding from, great excitement of the feelings. 24. Pvich ; luxurious ; well seasoned. 25. Strong ; vivid ; deep. 26. Dear ; of a great price. 27. Remote from the equator north or south. 28. Remote in past time ; early informer time. 29. Extreme; intense. 30. Loud. — 31. In music, acute; sharp. 32. Much raised. 33. Far ad- vanced in art or science. 34. Great ; capital ; committed against the king, sovereign or state. 35. Great; exalt- ed. — High day high noon, the time when the sun is in the meridian High, adv. 1. Aloft ; to a great altitude. 2. Eminently ; greatly. 3. With deep thought ; profoundly. 4. Power- fully. HIGH, 71. 1. An elevated place ; superior region.— On /ao-A, aloud; [obs.] 2. Aloft. HiGI-I, V. i. To hasten. See Hie. HiGH'-aIMED, a. Having grand or lofty designs. HiGH'-ARCHED, a. Having elevated arches. May. HiGH'-AS-PiR'ING, a. Having elevated views; aiming at elevated objects. Bp. Hall. HTGH'-BLEST, a. Supremely happy. Milton. HTGH'-BLdWN, a. Swelled much with wind ; inflated. HTGH'-BORN, a. Being of noble birth or extraction. HIGH'-BUiLT, a. 1. Of lofty structure. Milton. 2. Cov- ered with lofty buildings. Creech. HIGH'-€LIMB-ING, a. 1. Climbing to a great height. 2 Difficult to be ascended. Milton. HlGH'-C6L-ORED, a. 1. Having a strong, deep or glar- ing color. 2. Vivid ; strong or forcible in representa- tion. H-lGH'-DAY,_a. Fine; befitting a holyday. Shak. HiGH'-DE-SlGN'ING, a. Formuig great schemes. HiGH'-EM-BOWED, a. Having lofty arches. Milton. HiGH'-EN-GEN'DERED, a. Engendered aloft, or in the air. Shak. High '-FED, a. Pampered ; fed luxuriously. Milton. HiGH'-FLa-MING, a. Throwing flame to a great height. HiGH'-FLl-ER, n. One tliat carries his opinions to extrav- agance. Swift. HTGH'-FLoWN, a. 1. Elevated ; swelled ; proud. 2. Turgid; swelled; extravagant. L'Estrange. HiGH'-FLUSHED, a. Much elated. Young. HlGH'-FLY-ING, a. Extravagant in claims or opinions. HiGH'-Ga-ZING, a. Looking upwards. More. HiGH'-Go-ING, a. Moving rapidly. Massenger. HiGH'-GRoWN, a. Having the crop considerably grown. HiGH'-HeAPED, a. 1. Covered with high piles. Pope. 2 Raised in high piles. Pope. HtGH'-HE ART-ED, a. Full of courage. Beaumont. HiGH'-HEELED, a. Having high heels. Swift. HIGH'-HUNG, a. Hung aloft ; elevated. Dryden. HiGH'-LlVED, a. Pertaining to high life. Goldsmith. HiGH'-MET-TLED, a. Having high spirit ; ardent. HiGH'-BIlND-ED, a. 1. Proud ; arrogant. 2. Having hon orable pride ; magnanimous ; opposed to mean. HiGH'-OP-ER-a'TION, n. In surgery, a method of extract- ing the stone from the human bladder, by cutting the up- per part of it. HlGH'-PLACE, n. In Scripture, an eminence or mound on which sacrifices were offered. HiGH'-PLaCED, a. Elevated in situation or rank. High '-PRIEST, 71. A chief priest. Scripture. HiGH'-PRIN-CI-PLED, a. Extravagant in notions of poli- tics. Swift. HIGH'-RaISED, a. I. Elevated ; raised aloft. 2. Raised with great expectations or conceptions. Milton. HiGH'-ReACH-ING, a. 1. Reaching to a great height. 2. Reaching upwards. 3. Ambitious ; aspiring. HiGH'-ReARED, a. Raised high; of lofty structure. HiGH'-RED, a. Plaving a strong red color ; deeply red HiGH'-RE-PENT'ED, a. Deeply repented. Shak. HiGH'-B G-SOLVED, a. Very resolute. Tit. Andron. HiGH'-ROOFED, a. Having a lofty or sharp roof. HiGH'-SeA-SONED, a. Enriched with spices or other sea- soning. _ HIGH'-SeAT-ED, a. Fixed on high ; seated in an elevated place. Milton. HiGH'-SlGHT-ED, a. Always looking upward. HiGH'-SOUND-ING, a. Pompous ; noisy ; ostentatious. HiGH'-SPIR-IT-ED, a. 1. Full of spirit or natural fire , easily irritated ; irascible. 2. Full of spirit ; bold ; dar- ing. HiGH'-SToM-ACHED, a. Having a lofty spirit; proud; obstinate. Shak. HiGH'-SWELL-ING, a. Swelling greatly ; inflated ; boast- ful. HiGH'-SWoLN, a. Greatly swelled. Shak. HiGH'-Ta-PER, 71. A plant of the genus verbascum. HiGH'-TaST-ED, a. Having a strong relish ; piquant. HiGH'-TOWERED, a. Having lofty towers. Milto7i. HiGH'-VlCED, a. Enormously wicked. Shak. HIGH'- WROUGHT, a. 1. Wrought with exquisite art or skill ; accurately finished. Pope. 2. Inflamed to a high HiGH'LAND, n. Elevated land ; a mountainous region. HiGH'LAND-ER, n. An inhabitant of the mountains. HiGH'LAND-ISH, a. Denoting high or mountainous land. HiGH'LY, (hi'ly) adv. 1. With elevation in place. 2. In a great degree. 3. Proudly ; arrogantly ; arabifiously. 4. With elevation of mind or opinion ; with great estmja- tinn. t HiGH'MoST, a Highest. Shak. HiGH'NESS, (hi'nes) n. 1. Elevation above the surface ; loftiness ; altitude ; height. 2. Dignity ; elevation in •rank, character or power. 3. Excellence ; value. Howell. 4. Violence. 5. Great amount. 6. Acutenass. 7. In tenseness, as of heat. 8. A title of honor given to princes or other men of rank. HiGHTH, ; n. [See Height.] Elevation; altitude; lofti- HlGHT, \ ness. fHlGHT, to call, to promise, to command, &c., is a false orthography from Saxon hatan. Chaucer. High WA-TER, n. The utmost flow or greatest elevation of the tide ; also, the time of such elevation. HiGH'WA-TER-MARK, n. The line made on the shore by the tide at its utmost height. HiGH-WaY', n. 1. A public road ; a way open to all pas- sengers. 2. Course; road; train of action. * See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete HIN 412 HIS HTGH-WAY'MAN, n. One who robs on the public road, or huKs in toe highway for the purpose of robbing. HIG LA-PER, n. An herb. Ainsworth. f HiL'A-RATE. See Exhilarate. HI-LAR'I-TY, n. [L. Mfflriias.] Mirth 5 merriment ; gaye- ty. — Hilarity diners from joy ,• the latter, excited by good news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind ; the form- er, by social pleasure, drinking, &c., which rouse the an- imal spirits. HIL'A-RY-TERM, n. The teim of courts, &c. which be- gins January 23. England. HILD I G and D. held, Dan. heldt^ a hero] is retained in names ; as IFildeheH, a bright hero. , HILD'ING, n. [qu. Sax. hyldan.] A mean, sorry, paltry man or woman. Shak. HILL, n. [Sax. hill, or hyl.] 1. A natural elevation of land, or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the surrounding land ^ an eminence. 3. A cluster of plants, and the earth raised about them as, a hill of maize. U. States. HILL, V. t. 1. To raise earth abou, plants ; to raise a little mass of earth. Farmers in JVew England hill their maize in July. 2. [Sax. Jielan.l To cover ; [obs.] HILLED, pp. or a. Having hUIs. HLLL'ING, 71. 1. A covering; [obs.] 2. The act of raising the earth around plants. HILL'Oe, n. A small hill. Milton. HILL'SlDE, n. The side or declivity of a hill. HILL'Y, a. Abounding with hills ; as, a hilly country. HILT, n. [Sax. hilt.] The handle of any thing. HILT'ED, a. Having a hilt. Hi'LUM, 71. [L. ; W, hil.] The eye of a bean or other seed. HIM, pron. The objective case of Ae. [L. cum.] HIM-SELF', pron. In the nominative or objective case. 1. He ; but himself is more emphatical, or more expressive of distinct personality, than he. 2. V/hen himself is add- ed to he, or to a noun, it expresses discrimination of per- son with particular emphasis. 3. When used as the re- ciprocal pronoun, it is not usually emphatical. 4. It was formerly used as a substitute for neuter nouns. 5. Him- self is used to express the proper character, or natural temper and disposition of a person ; as, let him act him- self. — By himself , alone 3 unaccompanied; sequestered HIN, n. [Heb. p.] A Hebrew measure of capacity contain- ing the sixth part of an ephah, or about five quarts, English measure. HiND, n. [Sax., G., D. hinde.] The female of the red deer or stag. HiND, n. [Sax. hine.] 1. A domestic ; a servant ; [obs.] S'lak. 2. A peasant ; a rustic ; or a husbandman's sei-vant. English. HlNfi, a. [Sax. hyndan.] Backward ; pertaining to the part which follows ; in opposition to the fore part : as, the hind legs of a quadruped. HiND'BER-RY, n. A species of rubus. HiND'ER, a. ; comp. of hind. That is in a position contra- ry to that of the head or fore part. HIN'DER, 2). t. [Sax. henan, hynan, hindrian.] 1. To stop; to interrupt ; to obstruct ; to impede or prevent from mov- ing forward by any means. 2. To retard ; to check in progression or motion ; to obstruct for a time, or to render slow in motion. 3. To prevent. HIN'DER, V. i. To interpose obstacles or impediments, HIN'DER-AJVCE, n. 1. The act of impeding or restraining motion. 2. Impediment ; that which stops progression or advance ; obstruction. HIAT'DERED, pp. Stopped ; impeded ; obstructed ; retarded. HIND'ER-ENDS, n. Refuse of corn, such as remains after it is winnowed. JSTorth of England. HIN'DER-ER, n. One who stops or retards ; that which hinders. HIN'DER-ING, ppr. Stopping ; impeding ; retarding. HiND'ER-LING, n. A paltry, worthless, degenerate ani- mal. HIND'ER-MoST, a. That which is behind all others ; the last. [But we now use hindmost.] HiND'MoST, a. The last ; that is in the rear of all others. HTN'DOO, n. An aboriginal of Hindostan. HINGE, (hiuj') n. 1. The hook or joint on which a door or gate turns. 2. That on which any thing depends or turns. 3. A cardinal point, as east, west, north or south ; [little used.] — To be off the hinges, is to be in a state of disorder or irregularitv. Tillotson. HINGE, V. t. 1. To furnish with hinges. 2. To bend ; [l.u.] HINGE, V. i. To stand, depend or turn, as on a hinge. HINGE, a. Active ; supple ; pliant. Cheshire Gloss. HING ING, ppr. Depending ; turning. t HIN'Ny'^''' ^' \ ^" *'• 1^^* ^^'*™''-] ^^ "^'S^^- ^' Jo^^on. HINT, V. t. [It oenno.] To bring to mind by a slight men- tion or remote allusion ; to allude to ; to suggest. HINT, 3 i To hint at, is to allude to ; to mention slightly. HINT, n. 1. A distant allusion ; slight mention ; intlma tion ; insinuation. 2. Suggestion. HIP, n. [Sax. hipe, hype, hypp.] The projecting part of an animal, formed by the os ilium, or haunch bone ; the haunch ; the joint of the thigh. — To have on the hip, to have the advantage over one.— Hip and thigh, complete overthrow or defeat. Judges, xv. HIP, V. t. To sprain or dislocate the hip. HIP, or HOP, n. The fruit of the dog-rose, or wild brier. HIP, HIPPED, HIP'PISH. See Hyp. HIPE, V. i. To push with the head. Grose. fHIP'HALT, a. [hip and halt.] Lame; limping. Gower HIP'PE-LAPH, n. An annual of the deer kind. HIP'PINS, n. plu. Stepping stones over a brook , children's clothes ; a kind of towel ; a clout. Craven dialect. HIP'PO-€AMP, n. [Gr. l-ir-oKaixTTos.] A name given to the sea-horse. Browne. HIP-PO-CEN'TAUR, 71. [Gr. linTOKEVTavpos.] In ancient fa- ble, a suoposed monster, half man and half horse. HIPTO-€RAS, n. [Fr.] A medicinal drink, composed of wine with an infusion of spices and other ingredients HIP-P0€'RA-TeS' SLEEVE. A kind of bag, made by uniting the opposite angles of a square piece of flannel used for straining sirups and decoctions. HIP-P0-€RAT'I€ FACE. [1,. fades hippocratica.] Pale, sunken, and contracted features, considered as a fatal sj'mptom in diseases. Parr. HIP-PO€'RA-TISM, n. The philosophy of Hippocrates, as it regards medicine. Chambers. HIP PO-DAME, 71. A sea horse. Spenser. HIP'PO-DROME, n. [Gr. ?7r7ro^po/;of .] .Anciently, a circus, HIFPO-GRIFF, n. [Fr. hippogriffe.] A fabulous anunal, half horse and half griffon ; a winged norse. HIP'PO-LITH, n. [Gr. 'nrnog, a horse, and )